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C BO RG E 1^.

GEORGE the Second, by the Grace of G^d, A'/«/ 0/ Great Britain, Frincc, tnd hth
Defender tf the laith, &c. To All to vihom thtfe VrtfentsfMl come, Greet mg.

WH E R E A S Our tnifty and well-beloved 7btms fVboiwardy Atrtn tVard, Samel Birt^ Dmtltl Brn
nomas Ltngmti, Hemj inHriJge, Jma Ht4gis, and Btnjmm 7W, Citizens and Booklclien
linden, have, by their Petition, humbly rcprclcntcd unto Us, that they have been at very g
Expcncc and Labour In procuring and purchafing Books in all Languages, and in having the £
tranflatcd, and properly digcftcd, lor Improving and Condnuing a moft Ufeful and Comprehcnfive Work, intituled,

Navigantium atque Itinerentium Bib'.iotheca : Or, A Complete CoUcAion of Voyages aiui Tr aveli

Cn0ing of abtvt Six hunirti tf the mft autbtntU Writers, beginning mtb Hacki-uit, PuacHASS, tSc. in End
Ramvsio, Alamanpini, Carreri, 6fr in Italian-, Thevenot, Renai'dot, Labat, Wf. in French; De Bi
Gryn/eus, Maffevs, £j?r. in Latin; Herrera, Oviedo, Coreal, Wf. in Sjwnifli-, and the \ o\ Act* under
Direilien oflbe East-India Compavv in Holland, in Dutch ; Tegttber witbj'ucb clber Hiftorics, Voyages, Trai
tr Diicoveries, as art in General EJitem, vtbetbir jmblijbed in Engiifh, Latin, French, ItaUan, Spanifh, Portugi
High and Low Dutch, er tn any ether FAiropean Language ; Containing vuhaievtr has been obferved IVortby of Nolit
Europe, Afia, Africa, and America, in rtfpeil to the Extent and Situation tf Empires, Kingdoms, Provinces, &c.
Climate, Soil, and Produce, whether Animal, Vegetable, tr Mineral, of each Country •, Ukevife the Religion, Mam
Mnd Cnfttms tf the fneral Inhabitants, their Government, yfrts and Sciences, publick Buildings, Mountains, Rti
Harbours, Sec. illuftrated by frtptr Ouns, Maps, and Cats: To which is prefixed a Copious IN TRODUCr II
etmprebendingtbe Rift and Progrefs of the A%r cffiAViCATios,and its fucceffivt Imprcvemcnts, together with th Invn
andUfe of the Loadstone, and its Variation: Originally publijbed in Two Volumes in Folio, by John Harris, D
F,R.S. Now carefully Rtvifed, with Large ADDITIONS, and Continued down to the Preftnt lime; tndu
particular Accounts of the ManufaHurts and Commerce of tach Country : Which Work the Petitioners, with tl>c uti
Submiilion, aj^rehend will be a Complete Body of Voyages and Travels, tending to promote the ManufuJt
and Commerce of thefe Kingdoms, by Ihewing the vaft Advantages of Traile and Navigation in gcneril, and the M
of Improving and Extending cur own in particular : And, being defirous of reaping the Fruits of their very {
Eapence and Labour, and of enjoying the full Profit and Benefit that may arlte from Printing and Vending the U
without any odjcr Pcrfon interfering in dieir juft Property, which they cannot prevent without Our Licence and
teftion; the Petitioners have therefore moft humbly prayed L's to grant them Our Royal Licence and I'roteflion,
the (ble Printing, Publifhine, and Vending the faid Work, in as ample Manner and Form as has been done in C
^ the like Nature : We, uking the Premifcs into our Pnncely Confideration, and being gr»cioufly inclined to
Encouragiment to all Works that may be of publick Ufc and Benefit, are pleifcd to condefcend to their Reqi
and do by thefe Prclents (as tar as may be agreeable to the Statute in that Calc made and provided) grant to the
nomas Woodward, Aaron tVard, Samuel Birt, Daniel Brewnt, Thomas Longman, Henry fVhitrutge, James Ho
and Benjamin Dod, their Heirs, lixecutors, Adminiftraton, and AfTigns, Our Royal Privilege and licence,
the fole Pnntmg, Publilhing, and Vending the (aid Work, duruig the Term ol Fourteen Years, to be comp
ftom the Date hereof i ftnftly forbidding and prohibiting all Our Subjeas within Our Kingdoms and Dominiom
Repnnt or Abridge the fame, either in the like, or any other Volumi- or Volumes whatlocven or to Import, .
vend. Utter, or Uiftribute any Copy thireof reprinted beyond the Seas, during the atorcfaid Term of Fourteen Y
without the Confcnt or Approbation of them the faid nomas IVood-xari, .hron IV.nd, b^amuel Btrt, Daniel Browne,
mt Longman, Henry fVhitndge, Jams Hodges, and Benjamin Dod, their Heirs, Executon, Adminiftrators, or AfT
by Wnong under their Hands ^d Seals firlf had and obtained, as they will anfwer the contrary at their Peril : Wh
In ^^nS-**™" Ti,* n" ^'^f" ""■ ^' ^"""'"'' '^^ ^J*'^"' '^^'•"''«"'. »"'! tTompany of Stationers of London,
herSi ng^fiS • " "^^ '"""'"• "' "* '•'*" "'""' "^ ^"^^ Obedience b« given to Our Pic

Given at Our Court at St. James\ the
23d Day of lebruary 1 74^.4, in the
Seventeenth Year of Our Ktign.

Bj His Miijejl/s Command,

CARTERET.

Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca,

O R, A

COMPLETE COLLECTION

O F

VOYAGES and TRAVELS.

CONSISTING OF ABOVE

Icdion of Voyages and Travels:

Six hundred of the moft Authentic Writers,

BEGINNING WITH

Herrera, Oviedo, Coreal, ^c. in Spani(h;
And the Voyages under the DireBim of the

East-India Company i»HollanD|

in Dutch.

Hackluit, Purchafs, 9^c. in Englifli;
Ramufio,Alamandini,CaiTeri,^r.mItalian;
Thevenot)Renaudor, Labat, 9fc. in French;
De Brye, Grynaeus, Mafieus, ^c. in Latin;

Togahcr with fuch Other

H I S T O R I E S. V O Y A G E S,Tr A V E f, S, or D I S C O V E R I E S,

As are in General Esteem; . ;:

Whether publiihed in Englijh^ Latin, French^ Italian^ Spanijhy Portugicefe^ High
and hvw Dutch, or in any other European Language.

* s • Containing whatever has been obferved Worthy of Notice in

EUROPE, ASIA. AFRICA, and AMERICA;

IN RESPECT TO THE

Extent and Situation of EMPIRES, KINGDOMS, PROVINCES, ^tr.

THE
Climate, Soil, and Produce, whether Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral, of Each Country :

' LIKEWISE THE

RELIGION, MANNERS, and CUSTOMS of the fevcral INHABITANTS, their Government
Arts and Sciences, Publick Buildings, Mountains, Rivers, Harboun, iSt.

illustratedby

Proper CHARTS, MAPS, and CUTS,

TOWHICHISPREFIXED

A Copious INTRODUCTION, comprehending the Rise and Progress of the Art of Navigation,

and its furccllivc Improvements -, together with the Imentien and U/e of the Loadstone, and its Variatim.

Originally publi(hed in Two Volumes in Folio,

By ^0//Af //^/?^/j; D.D. and F.R.S.

Now Carefully Revised,
With Large ADDITIONS, and Continued down to the Present Time;

Including Particular Account s of the a

MANUFACTURES and COMMERCE of Each Country.

LONDON:

Printed for T. Woodward, A.Ward, S.Birt, D.Brownb, T.Lonoman,R.Hitt, C. Hitch, H.Whitri^*!*
S. Austen, J. Hodocs, J. Robinson, B. Dod, T. Harris, J. Hintow, and J. Rivinctox.

M.DCC.XLIV.

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T O T H E

MERCHANTS

O F

G Jd EAT-B R IT A I N,

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S the original Dcfign of Dedications was either gratefully to ac-
knowledge AiTiftance, or modeiUy to de(ire Protedion, fb both
thefc Motives, Gentlemen, concur in leading me to this Addrefs.
If there be any Thing in the following Sheets, that is either New
or Entertaining, Ufefiil or Inftruftive, which, from the general Ap-
probation the Work has met with, I have Reafon to hope there is, I muft
confcfs it, in a great mcafure, due to the kind G}mmunications I have received
from Pcrfons concerned in Trade ; and as the main Point I have had in View,
has been the felting the Hiftory and Advantages of Commerce in a true Light,
I prcfumc that I could not have infcribed this Performance to more proper Pa-
trons. I have endeavoured likewife to avoid the Faults for which moft modern
Dedications are cenfurcd, which arc a mean Attention to Intereft, or the Vanity
of placing great Names and high Titles in the Front of Books. It is true, I
adclrcfs niyfclf to the richcd Body of Men in this, or perhaps any other Nation,
but without any farther Expcftation than meriting their Favour and Acceptance.
I have alfo chofcn the grcatcft and moft confiderable Body of Men undig-
nified with Titles ; but with no other Ambition than that of procuring a good
Ntvin. r.XVIII. a Re.

/ DEDICATION.

Reception for my Book, by thofc who mud be allowed to be the bcft a.ul
moft proper Judges. Such, Gentlemen, arc truly and finccrcly my Inducements
to this Application, which I have the greater Rcafon to flatter myfelt. will not
be unfucccfsful, bccaufc I am confident you will meet with nothing that is dii .
tatcd by any other than a publick Spirit in the Volume which I preftut.

We aa- taught, that the Separation and Difpcrfion of Mankind over the Earth,
was owing to the juft Difplcalure of their Creator upon their attempting to lay
the Foundations of an univcrfal Monarchy, which muft have been deftru^ive of
their own Happincfs. But Rcafon and Exjxrricncc (hew, that we owe that Con-
ncdion, which, at prcfcnt, reigns between Countries far remote from each
other, and that kind Intcrcourfe fubfifting between different and diAant Nati-
ons, to a Spirit of Commerce. Trade, by the Divine Favour, has cfTcdcd
what Ambition vainly endeavoured ; and the Dcfire of carrying on mutual
Traffick has overcome that Evil, which produced the Separation of Mankind ;
1 mean the Confufion of Tongues. The Defire of reciprocally communicating the
Fruits of various Soils and different Climates, is that Principle of Unity, which,
agreeable to the Will of GOD, makes all the Inhabitants of the fcveral Regions
of the Globe, appear in thefc later Ages, what, in the earlieft Times they were,
but one People, and of one Language. Such are the wonderful, fuch the happy
Effcfts of Commerce, confidered in this general Light, and as conducive to the
conunon Benefit of the human Species. iiX"* *i ^

In particular Countries, Plantation was the Effccl of Ncceflky ; Men were forced
to till the Ground, that they might cat, and to invent the Arts relating to Vcllurc
and Building, that they might fecure thcmftlves againA the Inclemency of the
Wcatlicr. In this they adlcd but as other Animals do, and by a kind of natural
Inftin(!> : But when Necefntics were thus attained, they had Time to cxcrcife the
Faculties of their Minds, and to look abroad for greater Convenicncies. This pro-
duced Trade, which is peculiar to our Species, and the primary CharaAeriAick of
rational Beings \ by the Help of Trade, Convenicncies multiplied apace, and Men
appeared in their proper Sphere, not as bare Inhabitants of the terraqueous Globe,
but as tlic Sovereigns of Earth and Sea. Sovereigns not in Right of fiipcrior Force,
for Strength would never have given them Dominion over other Creatures ;
but from I'uperior Wifdoni, whieh appeared in nothing more than in the Invention
t>f Shipping, as migiit be dcmonftrated at large, if the Stlf-Evidencc of the Fa^ did
not fupcreedc the NecciTity of any Dcmonftration.

In Proportion as the Art of Navigation grew and was improved, the Commodities
that were derived iruni it enereafed; the Labour of Mankind, was greatly diminifhcd,
and their Delights augmented ; whatever wai wanted in one Countrv, was cafily, fafely,
and in the Qi^iantitic-s that were requifite, brought from another. Knowledge and
ufeful Arts were continually improved, great DifLOVcries daily made, and thofc
Worki eafily and fully accomplilb.ed in fucceediiig Times, of which the former h.id

1 dtfpalrcd.

D E D I c J r I iv:

dcfpaircd. By this Means Pofterfty was encouraged to undertake ft ill greater Things •,
and the farther this Art was extended, ftill the greater and more Benefits accrued
therefrom : So that fuch as diftinguifhcd thcmfelvei by their Talents for Politicks)
foon perceived how neceflary it was to encourage Navigation in all its firanchcs ;
and this Ncceitity eftablifhed, fooner or later, almoft under every Government, this
Maxim, That whoever was Majier at Sea^ muft ba Mafltr at Land liktwife.

But, at prefent, wc will meddle no farther with Naval Power, as defigning only
to (hew, that it derives its Being from, and can never fubfift othcrwife than by Com-
merce. Yet it is not the Sea only that is indebted to Trade ; on the contrary,
there is nothing contributes fo much to the thorough Cultivation of Countries, as ap'
pears plainly from ancient and modern HiAories, which (hew that it is capable of
rendering the mod barren Soil fruitful, and the rnoll defert Places pleafant. The
following Sheets explain this fufliciently, with rcfpc^t to the ancient Republick of
7^r«, to which, if Nature denied mod Things, Traffick brought all ; as alfo in re-
gard to Pahnyrai which, by its Trade, became a Paradife, though feated in a Wil-
dernefs. And the fame Thing may be faid of the Province of Holland at this Diay.
But, without travelling abroad, the Truth of this Obfcrvation may be fufficiently
known from the amazing Alteration which our Application to Trade has made in our
own Country, with refpedt to the Improvement and Value of Land in the laft and
prefent Century. This is a Thing fo apparent, ond fo certain, that, as on the one
Hand, it does the greateft Honour to the Mercantile Part of our People ; on the
other, it demonftrates the great Confcquence of Trade to the whole Nation : So
that there can be no Divifion of Intercft in this Refpcift, that of Land and Trade
being reciprocal, or rather the felf- fame Thing. , ^,.

liad

llCvl.

To Commerce we owe our Wealth ; for though Labour may improve, though
Arms may extend, yet Commerce only can ( r i.:h a Country, It is this that en-
courages People, not barely to labour for the bjpply of their own Wants, but to
have an Eye to thofc of other Nations, even fuch as are at the greateft Diftance. It
is this that eftabliflics and extends Manufaiftures, and while it employs all Ranks of
People, provides fuitable Rewards for their feveral Employments. It is this, and
this alone, that can excite and encourage univcrful luduftry, by providing, that all
who take Pains, fliall reap Profit, and' that what rftifcs the Fortunes of Individuals,
fliall prove at the fame Time, and in the fame Degree, beneficial to Society ; fo
that an Application to their private Interefts, in their feveral honcft Employments,
ha.s at the fiune Time, all the Effcdls, and is, in rcrtlity, the trucft Teftimony of
publick Spirit. ,

I lence arifcs another gVcat Advantage, which is the equal and jufl: Diftribution of
ProjKrty, a Thing that Legillators have attempted in vain, tho' by attempting it,
they have fufiicicntly fliewn, how material, and how rcquifite it is, under all Go-
vernments. But Commerce performs this efie«[^ually, and tho* it may fometimc5f
raifc particular I'ortuncs to an envied Point of Grcntncf?, yet thii Knvy, U'Wdrcan

DEDICATION.

be faid in no other cafe, is produaivc of good Confequcncci, for it heightens that
Spirit of Induftry, which can alone diffufe Wealth, and therefore wc fee, that a few
very rich Merchants, ia one Age, produces a Multitude of moderate Fortunes in the
next. Thus the Evils created by Trade, are correded by Trade, which, as it is the
only natural Way of acquiring Riches, fo whatever temporary Inconveniencies attend
it, difappear of themfclvcs, if we do not through Impatience inleriwfe, but fuffcr
Nature to take her Courfc.

- - * * *

We may cafily conceive from hence, that as Riches and Gimmcrcc, To Commerce
and Liberty arc infcparable ; for if the Property attained by the former, be not fc-
curcd and prcfervcd by the latter, Trade will quickly decay ; as on the other Hand,
fuch as have acquired Fortunes by long and hazardous Voyages Abroad, or by hard
Labour in a conftant Courfe of Induftry at Home, will naturally have juft Notions,
and confcquently ftt a true Value upon Freedom, which they will likcwifc be the
more ready, and the more able to defend. So that on the Whole, wc may fafcly
affirm, that the grcatcft Differences between Nations, arifc chiefly firom the Degrees,
and the Nature of their G)mmerce, and according as it is, cither little or large, ex-
tended or confined ; the People arc Civilized or Rude, Rich or Poor, Powerful or
Weak, Brave or Bafe, and finally, Free or Slaves: So from Rcafon wc ought to judge,
and fo from Experience it appears.

The great End of Voyages and Travels is, to enquire into, and obtain Satisfac-
tion OS to thcfe Particulars, and the principal Defign of fuch Collet ions as this is,
to rcprefent them freely and fairly to the World : In doing this, I have ufed all the
Care and Diligence ihat was in my Power, and have never let flip any Opportunity
of rccomn)ending the Encouragement, Extenfion, and Protedion of Trade, as the
furcft Means of making us a great, wealthy, powerful and happy People ; of all thefe,
Gentlemen, as I conceive, you muft be the principal Inftruments, I thought I had,
in fomc Meafure, a Right to expcft your Patronage, of which, if you fball think
this Work worthy, it will fully anfwcr the Wifljes, and gratify the Ambition of,

>T -'i ,

Gentlemen,

Shlre-Lane, Dc-
Cf rub. j, 1 745.

Tour Obtdimt and Dtvoted

. Humble Servant f

The Author.

P R E F A C E

I .-h !("■( '

HE peculiar Plcafurc and Improvement that Cooks of Voyages and
Travels alTord, arc I'uffieient Reafons why they areas much, if not more
read than any one Branch of polite Literature: Itnuy not therefore be
amifs to inquire a little into the Sources of that Satisfaction and that
Incrcafe of Knowledge, which have fo juftly recommended Books of
this fort to the univcrfal Favour of Readers of every Taftc. ■.,,i

The Mind of Man is foform'd, as fcarce to admit of Amufcment
without Inftru^ion { and though it may frequently happen, that the
latter is imperceptibly conveyed, yet is this fo far from being an Evil,
that, in Truth, it is a very confidcrable Advantage. If we are delighted with the ftrange Things
that are prcfentcd to us in Voyages and Travels, that Delight, when ftriiflly examined, will be
found to arifc from learning what we knew not before ; and, confcquently, is a rational Plcafurc.
It is therefore a very happy Circumftancc in this kind of Reading, that it charms us by a perpetual
Variety, and keeps alive that Thirft of Inquiry, which wc arc apt to lofc, when too clofcly con-
fmcd to fcvcrer Studies.

An Inftancc will eafily convey the Force of this Obfcr\'ation, and, at the fame time, convince
the Reader of the Truth of it. When we read in the Account of Countries, in the Neighbourhood
of Hudfott's-Baff that numerous Indian Nations pafs their Time in Hunting, and other Excrcifcs,
in fpight of that Cold, the very Dcfcription of which chills us herej and that they are able, even
in the mod rigorous Seafons, to make greater Journics, in a much (horter Space of Time, than we
can do in a warmer Climate, and when our Roads are bcft ; it appears wonderful, and, at the firft
Sight, almoft incredible. But then our CurioHty being prompted to inquire more narrowly
into their Cudoms, Drefs, and Manner of Travelling, we come to be fatisfied, not only that the
Fa£t is fo, but why it is fo i and thence difcovcr the Folly of that Opinion which fo long pre-
vailed, that thcfe frozen Regions were the wide VVaftes of Nature, and, from their very Situation,
abfoluteiy uninhabitable. Again, when we learn, that at 'Peru it feldom or never rains, this
aHonifhcsus ; but when wc arc likewifc informed, that, by the hanging of thick Clouds continually
over the People's Heads, they are (o effcftually defended from the Heat of the Sun, that the Cli-
mate is more temperate in Nrji than in Old Spain, wc arc at once fatisfied as to the Faldiood of
the before-mentioned Opinion with refpcA to the Torrid Zone; and thus a modern Reader of
Travels becomes, without Trouble or Fatigue, better acquainted with the true State of Things,
and the real Condition of the Univerfc, and its Inhabitants, than the wifcft of the anticnt Philo-
fophcrs with all their Study and Thinking. But^ will any Man fay, that the Knowledge we thus
acquire, is the Icfs certain, or the lefs valuable, for the Eafe with which it is obtained } Or will
any Idolater of the Antients aflcrt, that their Ignorance or Miftakes were at all Icflcned by the
Pains they took to rcafon thcmfelves into Notions which Experience tlicws us to be falfc ? No>
certainly, the Facility on one Side is an undoubted Advantage, and their Toil and Labour an addi-
tional Misfortune on the other. ' ,

p R E F A C E.

E X^.^nt Yc. .here U noching eaficr than .o dea,o„«ra.c ,hiwo . e Sar.faa on even o.
fhe Subborn Critic. For. without affcchn, to pby w..l. Words w u. V ay ol.kely toconvcy
ulafalKnowlcdgc. as exhibiting a complete View of. he Un.vcrlcf In cMher Branches of Learn-
in. wemayarriveattheKnowlcdi;cof ahlnucrlh.ni;.. but in none can we coiue at what ,s
more ureful Homr opens hi. OJ,pf with oblcrv.ni;. that Travel had made i h(/a tiic w.lcft
Man of his Age . and the great View of that excellent Writer .s to inOU Wild.^m ple«lantly by
a poetical Delcription of that Hero* Travels. Can there Ik any ilunit inore latutaaocy. with
relbed either to Rcalbn or Authority, than this? Can any Man douln. that the leeing different
Countries, confidering the Icveral Humours, Cuftoms and Conditions of various Nations, and
comparing them with each other, and our own, is the readicQ Way to^\'ildom» Or can wc
fufpea, that the Reputation of Homrr, and his Poem, would have fubfincd fo nuny Ago, if tt
had been built upon a falfe Pofition ?

This Kind of Knowledge, of all others, moft opens and inlarpcs the Mind. Some Studies
ingulph and fwallowusup, fotlut we have no longer Attention for any thing clfej and thisil
that learned Diftemper which the World calls Pedantry. Dut the Reading of Voyages and TravcU
is not only free from this Difadvantagc, fince it contains a perpetual \'ariety of Subjeas, but is in
Truth the bcft Cure for Pedantry j fince, if a Man can Ik once induced to entertain himfelf this
way, he muft ncceflarily fee the Folly of purlUing any Tingle .Scheme of Science too far. The
Utility therefore, as well as Plcafure of this Courle of Rcadinu;, cannot be dilputed. But there
b another Obje^ion that preffes more clofcly ; and it is this, that the pretending to grafp the
whole Circle of Science in this Way, by perufini; the Voyages and Travels into and through all the
Countries in the Globe, is altogether as endlels, though, perhaps, \ lei's tedious Method of acquiring
Knowledge, than any hitherto propofed. Yet I venture to affirm, that even this Obje^ion may
be likcwife anfwered, and the Truth of the contrary Proportion nude mol) evident} wlucli is the
fccondPart of the Task I undertook to perform.

This Humour of Delpaicing on the remote Profpcct of Hard Hiips, and ruppoHnc Difficulties at
dtd Sight to be infurmountablc, lias often proved a Bar to great and generous lUidertakings. If
Columbus could have been difcourjijed by fuch a Prolpec^, or diverted t'roin his Purpolic by the
Encounter of many Difficulties, he had never I'ucceeded To far as he did in his Project of .Sailing
round the Globe. Or if his Example had frighted Magellan from contemplating his Reafons from
the Confideration of his Fate, the Tour of the Globe might have been yet unmade. Dut lincc wc
fee that ihcfe magnanimous Men were not only upablc of forming fucli vaft Defigns, but alfo of
carrying them into Execution, it ought furely to encourage us in our Labours of another Kind j
bccaufe it muft convince us, that, with like StcaJineli* and Application, lomcthuigof the lame
Sortmay be performed in this Way, if aright Meihoti be taken. - ,. ;

In order to come at this .Method, it isrciiuiflte to confidcr wh.it wc would avoid, and what we
would obtain. As to the former, wc can eafily dilcern, that the running tlirou:j;h a Multiplicity
of Books, moft of them incumbered with Matters foreign to our I'urpole, and all of them, from
their very Nature, fubiccl to tedious Repetitions, i.s what we ought to be moft afraid ol'. Every
Writer of Voyages and Travels purfucs a particular Plan, wl'.ieh, however agreeable to his Purpote,
muft be wide of ours ; for while he aims, either at a copious l)ct.ul ot his own Adventures, or at
a general Dilplay of his Learning and Difcovcries, we delire to hear no more than what relates to
the Point, illiiftratcd by iuch Circumftances as may enable us toconeeive it fully, and come at it
witli Pleafure; hence it appears, that a volummous Colleaion of ditVcrcnt Voyages and Travels,
though the bcft iu their Kind that can be met with, and digerted m rlie beft Order that can poJibly

ft p '"'i'' T'" '^'" *"'*" ''"' ^"'^ ' ^"^"^ '■'"= ^'"J' ''""'^' "'"''*'■■'" *'" '^^^ '"^" *'""^ ''""
mo(f People have to bcftow , and the comparing, collcaing, and d.gefting their Contents, would

ucmand Inch a Degree of Ubour and Circu.nifpcaion, as very few Readers would he inclined to

* aabiJ,

'<'n

PREFACE.

tfTbrd. To obviate therefore thcfe Difficultici, t Way muft be featui to reduce the Bulk of fuch a
CollcAion within reafonable Bounds i and, at the fame time, due Care muA \»c taken to preiervc tlic
Subftancc and Spirit, when the fuperfluout and unncccflary Parti of their Relations ure thrown
out of the way.

If this could be done, and a fufficient Number of the beft Writers tlui» collcacd, and fitted for
general Ufcdrawn into a Body in a natural and eal'y Order, lb that wiiat rhcy deliver Ihould follow
In fuch a regular Progreflion as that every Relation might appear in its proper Place, adding new
Light to what went before, and preparing us for what ought to come altcn I think there is nothing
hard in •pprehending, that a Work, thus digcftcd, would anl'wcr the great End propofcd, and
produce a Syftem of this Sort of Literature as regular and ulcful, and, at the lame time, as plcafant
and entertaining, as could be cxpeOcd.

This great LArtfy of VtyMgts and Travels, as it was originally contrived, came pretty near
the Method which I have laid down {but then, as it was publifhcd in Two Volumes, it was compiled
likcwife in Two Parts, fo that the Scheme is actually repeated, and, like DiOionartcs improved
at different times, there is a kind of double Alphabet, which renders each of the Volumes a diAinft
Work from the other. This might be, and, I dare fay, was nccelTary, under the Circumftances
in which that Work was compofedj but this Inconreniency is now avoided. As this Collection
is intended for a complete Body of Voyages and Travels, the Two Volumes have been reduced
into their natural Order, and all the Parts To difpofed, as to bring them into their proper Places.
It was, befides, highly requilite to revifc them, botli with regard to Matter and Style { and
therefore they have not only been compared with the fevcral larger Works, from which they
were originally taken, all Omi/Tions fupplied, and Errors correfted, but the Proprietors having
been at great Expence in procuring fuch Helps as either were not, or could not be had, when the
firft Edition was publilhcd, this is fo far augmented and improved, as to become, in Tome meafurc,
a new Work. ' ^ . ■ •■'■ •' • " ■ -• "■•-

/ » I •,'■>'■

-I ; ?)-«-^''(

The Reader will here meet with a complete Syftem of Relations, drawn up by Eyc-witncflcs
of what they deliver, with a proper Account of the Credit due to each i the particular Merit of
his Accounts, their Deficiencies, and the Means by which they have been fupplied from others.
He will likewife fee how fucceeding Times have improved the Difcoverics of pad Agcsi how the
Spirit of Induftry, in fcarching after ufcful Truths, and extending Commerce, has fled from Place to
Place, and now adorned one Nation, and then another. He will perceive, that what was judged
abfurd and impradicable in one Age, has nevcrthelefs been attempted and perfected in the next ;
and he will likcwife fee, that fomc great and noble Undertaliiiigs, which were long ago propofcd,
and in Pan fulfilled, have fmce fallen back into Obfcurity \ from whence, however, they may
very probably be drawn, by the Virtue and Spirit either of the prefcnt Generation, or of Poderity.
He will find whatever relates to ufcful Points clearly explained, and fufiicicntly infiftcd upon s and,
at the fame time, find enough preferved of the Fortunes and Adventures of particular Pcrfons to
iatisfy his Curiofity, without carrying him too far out of the great Road after Matters of Icfs
Confcquencc.

By thcfc means, it is hoped, that this Library will appear agreeable to his Expectation, and
capable of anfwcring every End he could have wifh'd j but that it may do this the more cfFcftually,
and that he may never be at a Lois about its Application, it may be proper, befides the common
Helps of Tables and Indices, to give a fhort Defcription of the Manner in which its fevcral Parts
are ranged, fo as that he may have Recourfc immediately to whatever he wants, and know
where to bring in whatever Improvements his own future Reading and Experience may furnifh.
Befides, by recollcAing what has been already laid down, and comparing it with what we arc
now going to propofc, he may form a proper Judgment ot' the Nature and Value of this Library,
and of the Plcafure and Profit that may be reaped from it, fo as to be under no Doubt as to its
Worth, or how far it comes up ro what we have promifed for it. All this, I fay, he fees at one
View, and is enabled to make as ready a Ufe of upwards of Six hundred Volumes, the Subftancc
of which arc included in thcfc Tuv, as if he was only at the Pains of finding out and taking
doNvn the Author he defired to confult.

The

PREFACE.

u . . K- K thcfc Vovajrcs and Travels arc now digcacd. J$ Co natural and cafy. tlut

The Method '7'»^^,^*^^^''^,y°^^^^^ or forgot. In the firft Place, ^e give an Account, m

It Is impoffiblc it Ihould be either "f ^^" °; ^ ^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^.^^^

order of TUne. of the - ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ and auious Obfcrvaf.ons. Wc

afford us an Opportu^^^^^^^^^^

then enter nuo a diftinft Rcc. a lot mc v y 5 ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^

.-ijs^;=^^^

£«r^randib through the Middle, southern, and EaAern Countrjcs to the Frontiersujf JM
S irus to give a'n Account of that Part of the World, and ot all the V oyagc, made to .s
MlimTcoafts as ..cU as the Travels of fuch as have had an Opportunity to pafs through us
l^lTpo^nS: TicHlccCare we take with re^^^

Trade upon its feveral Coafts.and the Manner in which it was formerly. and .s at prefent. branded
out amo^gftfe^xral£«r.;.*» Nations. Laftofall. we purlue the fame Method njad,uft.ns he
Voyages to and Travels throughout ^mrus, fo as to give the Reader full Sat.slaa.on as to the
firft Difcovery. original Settlement, paft and preCcnt Condition. Commerce and Importance of
alltheJ>4»/A £«/¥, French, Tortuguefe, 'D-r^A and ©*«/>& Colonics m that Coumry. to-
gether with all that can be known with Certainty as to the InMan Nations, wh.ch mhabit thofc
Parts of it that arc hitherto unfubdued. -' .■:■.- -^mtn

It will appear from hence, that the Defign of this Undertaking is much more perfca in its
kind than the Scheme of any CoUeftion of Voyages hitherto offered to the Publick j tor whereas
They relate only to a few Countries, and are not difpofcd according to any regular Method,
Ours will comprehend all. and in an Order which gives them a pcrfed Conneaion. If we had
followed Chronology wholly, it would have intircly changed our Plan, and, inftead of a Col-
Icftion, it would have been a Chronicle of Voyages and Travels. If, on the otiier hand, we
had paid no regard to Time, this would have created great Confufion, and rendered the Whole
perplexed and unintelligible. But as Things now ftand, all thefe Difficulties are avoided. >V'c
treat firft of the Circum-Navigators, for this plain Reafon. that as the Whole is greater than its
Parts, fo. among Travellers, thofc arc ccrtainJV to be placed in the firft Clafs, who have made
the Inveftigation of the whole Globe their Aim, rather than the Difcovery of particular Parts j
and upon the fame Principles we place the Difcovcrers of the Ea/} anii ff'f/i Indiet next to the
Circum-Navigators ; bccaufc their Purpofc was next in Point of Importance. Thcfc general
Heads being fixed, all the component Parts follow in Order of Time, fo that after pcrufing a wiiole
Chapter, the Reader is poflcflcd of the intire Hiftory of that Point, fees when it was firft ftarted.
How, by Whom, and at what Time profecuted, and in what Situation u (lands at prefent.

I have now given the Reader all the Helps in my Power, towards the jKrfcd undcrftanding
what is intended in the following Work; and from the Hojic of his candid Reception of my
Labours. 1 bonow that Degree of Confidence which is ncccflaiy to prolccutc lb arduous an
Undertaking ; and. provided I enjoy This. 1 l"hall think all my Care and Pains extremely well
bcftowed; fincc, to funher ufcful Knowledge, is certainly a laudable Ambition.

\ t'v

r V

»T

«#

jD :

-J i
... -1

'it I'l

't; ■

...A M^i i" .i>''''-io •(«" ':'i' ^^'5' THE '. •', " '^".■•:l^"y';

1 ..H :i»>w n '" u ,3:iiiJjJ» .;tJ 3':i"l! — 7;.. i :. :^.il ii (

y...i»ii/'i " t'l'ji'i "^.•' r! ••';<. ; r. ,. '.

-■[■.inn .V -1 .1

INTRODUCTION.

.V>

;i>f . h!f;.-

. 'v^ . -.,-.,, ' ,. ... '. I • 1

HERE arc very few Points as to which the wife Men of Antiquity, and the bed
Judges among the Moderns, are To clearly agreed as in the Advantages that refult from
Travel, and the Benefits that arife from feeing the World. It is very evident from an-
cient Writers, that the greatcft and moft telcbratcd Philofophers thought it tequifite to
vifit diftant Nations, in Search of Wifdom. The Defign of one of thofe cxv.ellont
Poems, compofed by Homers whofe Reputation is, at on.e, the moft extcufive, and the
beft-founded of any Poet's, was to (hew that ufeful and univerfal Science was beft attained in this
Way, of which he gives us an illuftrious Example in the Character of Ulyjfes, wlio is the Hero of
that Work. In later Times, travelling is become a Part of Education, or rather a Thing neceifary
to polifh and perfcift Education, by inftruding thofe in Men who have already acquired as much as
Can be acquired from Books. But thefe Advanta. e.s are confined to a very few, by which I mean,
fuch as have it in their Power, either to indulge their Inclinations in vifiting foreign Countries, or
who, moved by the Advices of their Friends, take this Method of improving their Talent^, by add-
ing Experience to what they have learned in Schools. But, as to the Bulk of Mankind, though
they ftand as much in Need of the Benefits drawn from Travel, as thole who move in the fub-
limcr Spheres of Life ; yet, by their Circumftancc.', they are difabled from this Manner of accom-
pliihing themfelves, or of obtaining the Knowledge they want.

But, bccaufe thus precluded one Way, does it follow th.n they fliall attempt it no other, or becaufe
they cannot travel themfelves, muft they derive no Advantage from the Travels of others? Th;it would
be a hard Thing indeed, fince Men reap the Benefits of Hiftory, and thereby gain the Bentli: uf Expe-
rience from Ages far beyond thofe in which they live. If unconfincd by Time, why Ihould they
be confined by Space; if we may improve from the Knowledge of what was done by Men before us,
why may we not inform ourfelves, by enquiring into what thofe Nations do who live far Iroin us ?
One is as rational, and not at all more difficult than the other ; and there is tiiis Advantage attends
travelling upon Paper, that we may go whither, and in what Company we picafe. This is a very
Angular and a very ufeful Circumftance ; for, very frequently, even great Travellers do not lee what
they leek. Their Inclinations would carry them one Way, but, perha^^s their Enrtunc and Con-
dition in the World will carry them another ; but this can never happen in Books. We m;iy
add to this another Confidcration ; that there are many V^oyages, which however a Man m.iy bo
inclined to make, yet, in his whole Life-Time, he may never meet with any Opportunity of
making: I will inflance only in two. The rirft is a Voyage round the World j ot which, :ii
the firlt Book of this Coliedlion, we have given a complete and particular Account tioin whence
it appears how few of thofe Voyages have been made in a long Courfe of Time : Yet, I prefumc to
fay, that there arc none, either of lb great Ufc, or fo entertaining. It is hoin thclc VoyaL;cs, tliat
the greateft Dili:overics have been made, and, which is more, the Poiribility dil'eloled of ma!-.iiig lUil
greater Difcoveries that hitherto have been made, as the Reader will be convinced, by peruUoL; tiiat
Pait of this Collecftion. My lecond Inftance is in Voyages to yapon, wliith is now out oi tho
Power of alinnlf any Man to make, who is not a Native of a particular Country ; and even tliole
make them with lar lefs Ailvanta;:c now than they did formeily.

Liut this is not the only Hjiiefit that refults from reading beyond aiflual Sailing or Travcliifig ; for
in the latter, we ate boniid to oiic particular Courfe, and confined to the Einiis of a (ingie l-.v-
cuifion, whereas, by tiie Help of a Colkftion of Voyages, we reap all tl'.e Advantage"; tliat nfilt
from tiic I'lxiH-iince of ditferent Men, who have livcii in dilTeient Ci^ii-.tries. and in li.ff.rent A/es.
We can, in tliis W.iy, fail with Columbus m\\ Magellan, with Drahi: and L: Maire, as well as with
A'rwr or Mm\\A.-p:Jofi. In I:ke Manner we can, in this Mctliod, go to j'alcn wi'h the J'ortiii^iu-zt;
anil the J\'r:;li/'\ as well as wiili the Dutch, and thereby derive to oiirk'lvi.i. that I''\;entnce wliicii
WIS reapeJ in pilf .A;n'';, t.nvl lioin which we are ablolutely precluded in the pal" at. To ii<, in
tins W.;y, it lb t:ie lanie '{"iiiiui;, whether ^ood or ill Ejitiine attend the Vnvaivs, lir..-v', to an int.l-
li^i.nt Kr.'.il-.T, ;;i f-- a:i uMc I'inLil.-pl'.er, it is iiuuh the lame with refpcct to liUliiiilti.ii, whet'.-.-r
iNc.MU. 6b. b llic

The

I y r R D V cr I x.

.- , ,\ „/.. Prinimoilore Rottpr^ine's Evpcilition turncti to no Ac-
,hc Exrcrlmcnt fu.cccd. or nj,. ^Zofiwlu^rZZ^^^^^ as ... us ,t i.. to ,hc lull, as ufelul

Fcr III

" - --- . . ' . _ui. ,„*Tmth "ari the Perfons wbo made the Vo^^agr, initcad of

founded, is juft, right, and agrceabk to Truth, as mne re ^ _ ^^^ ^ ^.^r^_ „^ .l.

able,
which

as if it had luccecded, and wc are «

< -J ._ ...U;r-Vi Mi"n arp name, wiiu uiiiiviii.™^ .— .- • -/-c • . '. - _

icncc

and

-.. - ,r . .^ V.."„'J,r7hViTi as ufeful to us as pofTiblc, but a Rrf.ilution uf attending

; ":n7r:SgTpS: V t witaf '"«:; l!;::r^c«iativclvian may oh)c«..that thefe Argu.cnS

Si;'r;d;i/:'' «S^'; o"n C ^^ -diJeLf MotLs M.n ...,^.cL that of bare
OhfLSon which generally fpcaking, falls in accidentally, and .s rarely the Ground upon which
McL ^ke VoS b Sea. l^pend^heir Tim. in paffing through d-jfarn. CoumnfS : So thw .,
Bodes have fomc Advantages and thofe very confiderable »o yet .t does not tollow h«m ^cnce,
e,at they have all the Advantages derived from vifuing foreign Cuun:rj« There « a wide D.ft«nce
bem en that Treafurc which we lay up in our Mind, and the Wealth that paffes into our Purf« ;
and vet the Rcneral Word Profit may include both. But what dcmonftratcs i.ot the I«allacy only,
but the Fainicod of the Remark before-mentioned, as if the reading Voyages would cxtinguiOi the
Defireof undcruking them is the Evidence of Experience, which isdircdUy oppofite thereto; for a|
the Inclinations of Boys who arc born in maritin.c Towns, naturally leads them to Sea, fo there it
nothing excites Men more ftrongly to vifit diftant Countries than reading good Accounts of themj
for it is a very natural, as well as a very juft Conclunon, that if fo much Plcafurc refuU from the Pe-
rufal of Voyages and Travel?, there muft be flill a greater in Travelling itfclf.

But thus much, indeed, is true, that there cannot be either an eaficr or a Met Cure tot bound-
lefs Curiofity than this Sort of Reading, which from thence, inftcad of Study, is become an Amufe-
ment j from which another Objedion has fhrtrd up direaiy oppofite to the former, and that is, the
Danger of kindling a wild and ungovernable Humour in the Minds of young People, by putting fuch
kind of Bo()ks into their Hands. This may be, and I df)»bt really is true of Voyages and Travclt,
read purely to kill Time and to dhrcrt, by the Strangcnefs of their Recitals. Yet one may afk, whcihct
this Mifchief be fouijd in Books alone, and not in the Things themfclves ? Do not young Peo-
ple often make long Voyages without Thought, and tra -jI many Years to no Purpofe ? But wa»
this cveralledged as a jufl Reafon why Folks (hould never go abroad at all ; or, if not, why (hould it
be a good Obicflion acainft reading? But, granting it were fo, I will venture to fay, that this^
and every ether Mifc!iiev«' piarded againft by Colledions of this Nature, in which Care u taken to
inform and to inlhui^^, as well as to entertain and amufe. It is the Advice of the great Lord BacoH, that
young Men (hould never be fcnt into foreign Countries but under the Care of fome able Tutor,
who may l>e al>lc to currcdl their Extravagancies, reArain their Impetuofity, and oblige them tc
m»ke iuch Obfervations as would otherwifc cfcape them i and all this, that at their Return, they
mav not be barely able to tell what they had feen, but (hew, by their Behaviour, and their Coo
verfition, how much they have improved by their foreign Excurfions.

Now let us apply this Advice to reading. It is very pofTible for young People to fpend a great deal
cf their Time that way to very little Purpofe ; and it was trom a Forcdght of this that Collcdions ol
Voyages were deviicii by grave and difacet Men, as the proper Remedy for this Evil. It was what
Ramujio intended by his large and noble Collcdtion, the moft complcat in its Kind, and for th»
Time in which it was made, that is extant in any Language. He undertook to draw into one Body
the bell and moll ulchil Voyages and Travels, tnat lieforc his Time had been publithed, and he ha*
enriched them wiih liiwh cnrjous and ufelul l*refaccs, Obfervations and Remarks, as Iws, in the Opi-
nion of the bell JuilgLS, rrndrcd them an invaluable Treafurc. The lame Plan was ptxrfucd by
M.T/:nt<ior \n Fn-rub, and in a much greater Extent by the Authors of fome Dutch CoUedtionsj
from all of which wc have Ixirrowcd, and to whom wc therefore readily own our Obligations.

To make thcle Rtrtcdiot s the dearer, it may not be arnils toobfcrvc, that wc have in our own
Language, as good and as bad CoUedions as ever were made ; one Inllance o( each may fuflite.
M. Hacklust was an able, ingenious diligent, accurate, and uCcful Compiler, and his Colledbn^
are as valuable as any Tliig in their Kind. On the other Hand Punkan Pilgrims are a very volu-
miiiouv and tor the m .ft Part a very trifling and infignificant Collc<'.tion : Hii Manner, for I cannot
call It Method, IS irregular and confufed, his Judgment weak and pedantick, his Remarks often filly,
and always little to the Purpole. This (hews, how much depends upon the Care and Skill of the
C .l.ect )r who, on the (iic Hand, is to provide what may entertain and plcale, and on the other it to
bccaretul, ih t KMuw!edi;e am! Inftrudlion be conveyed together with Plcafure and Amu(cmcnt

fli ;t Tinic, r.iid wit
and natural Duler.

,, . ■ . nuy l>c tonvcyt-- - -

;icat hale, and thib hardy |,y, laiigiiig Tiullw Uut arc ucccilUry in their juft

oft
Syft
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and
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. H

rhe INTRODUCTIO X.

it!
lit

It hat been a Thing ufual in Books of this Nature, to take it for granted, that tlie Reader was ns Wc!l
(killed as the Writer in the Sciences requifite to be known, in order to the true Comprehenflon of iha
Works we chufe, however, to avoid that Suppofition, and to endeavour, within the Compafs of this
Introdudtion, to lay down all the Principle* upon which the following Strudhire is raifcd ; fo that
there ftiall be no Neceflity of having recourfe to any other Book, to come at the Meaning of this ; but
the Terms being fufHciently explained here, we fliall be able to proceed, when wu come to the Body
of the Work, without any Danger of being mifundcrftood. We do not indeed intend here to lay down
Syftems of Geography, natural or civil Hiftory, or Politicks, but to explain each of thofe Sciences
as is expedient for the Life we have made of them in the Compofition of tliis Treatif^. Cofmogra-
phy is that Science which defcribes this Globe, and the reft of the folar Syllem ; Geography
teaches the Knowledge of the whole Earth, as Hydrography does of the Water.

By Geography, we underftand the particular Defcription of a Kingdom, Province or Country.
Topography dcfcends more minutely to defcribe fmaller Places, Cities, Tovns, Cafties, &c. Thcfo
•re all originally Greek Words, which for their Significancy have been made free of all Languages^
and their Meaning, when once well known, can never be forgot. By the firft of them, wc are
taught to conceive, that the World, on which we live, is a terraqueous Sphere, or in plain Englif), a
Ball of Earth and Water ; through this Ball, if you fuppofe a Spindle to pafs, it will be what
the learned call the Axis c.f the Globe, and the Extremities of this Axis are its Pules, one of wliich
is the ardlic, or north Pole, and the other the antarctic, i. e> oppofite to the north, or foutli Pole. The
Equator is an imaginary Circle, pafling round, or rather, over the Globe, at an equal Diftance
from each Pole, and confcquently dividing the World into two equal Parts, whence it has its Name.
It is likewifc called the Equinodial, becaule, when the Sun is in this Line, which is twice a Year,
viz. in the Months of March and September^ the Days and Nights are every where equal, and from
the fingular Utility of this imaginary Circle, it is filled by Way of Eminence the Line.

The Zodiac is another imaginary Circle, which pafTes crofs the Equator, and is diflinguiflied, or
divided into twelve Signs, fix of whkh, viz. jiriet, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, are on the
North of the Equator, and therefore called northern Signs; the other fix, viz. Libra, Scorpio, Sagit-
tarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pifies, are on the South of the Equator, and arc therefore called foutliern
Signs. Within the middle of the Zodiac runs a Line called the Ecliptic, which is the Path of thu
Sun, and from thence we derive the Word Eclipfi;, or Failure of the Sun's Liglit to the E.irih ; and
when the Earth intercepts the Sun there, the Moon is eclipfcd, or fails of reflecting to us that Light
which it receives from the Sun. The Obliquity, or Digrcflion of this Circle from that of the Equa>
tor, occafions the Diverflty of Seafons; for the northern Part of the World has its Midl'ummer when
the Sun is in Cancer, and the fouthern Part enjoys the fame BlefHng, when the Sun is in Capricorn.

Hence it is, that two imaginary Circles are fuppofed parallel to the Equator, pafTing ttuough the
Point in which the Sun advances farthefl North and South, and are filled the Tropics of Cancer and
Capricorn, from the Greek Word Tropos, which fignifics Converfion, or turning back. The Meri-
dian is another great Circle pafTing through both Poles, and over any given Place on the Globe and is
called the Meridian, becaufc, when the Sun reaches this Circle, it is Mid-day, or Noon, to all who
live under it. The Horizon is a great Circle, which cuts the Meridian, and divides the Globe in half,
viz. into an upper and lower Hemifphcrc, and it being the Line which terminates the Sight, the Sun
is faid to be fet, when he finks bcluw it, and to rife, when he mounts above it.

As but one brafs Meridian is reprcfented on the Globe, tho* there are various, the Sun making Mid-
day earlier or later to different Parts, as they lie more Eaft or Wefl, fo there is reprcfented but one 1 In-
tizon, called the rational, or true one, tho' the fenfible Horizon is various, as the Limits of the Sight
vary at every Step. Thefe Definitions, tho' they appear a little obfcure at firfl, yet being twice or
thrice read over, their Meaning will be fufficiently plain, or if the leafl Doubt remains, it will be ab-
folutcly taken aw.iy by the following Remarks, as to their Utility.

The principal Thitig in Geography, is to have a perfeft Knowledge of the Relation which any
Empire, Kingdom, Province, Diflridt or City, hath to any other Place, or to the World in general:
Now, it was impofTible, that this Knowledge fhould ever be acquired, if fomc Method had not been
found to mark every particular Point upon the Globe, fo that it might be found without Difficulty or
Uncertainty. This is performed by knowing the Latitude and the Longitude of Places, without a
clear Comprehenfion, of which it is impofTible for the Reader to conceive pcitedly the Defcription of
any Country, yet fo it is, that among the numerous Books that have been written on the Science of
Geography, there are very few that have made this Matter fo clear, as that a Perfon of an ordinary
Undcrflanding might be able fully to embrace it. As it concerns, however, my Undertaking in the
highefl Degree, that there fliould be noMiftake in this Matter, I fhall labour to make it lo plain,
with refpedl not only to finding the Latitude and Longitude on Maps, but to the conceiving the Ule
of it fo clearly, as to ht able from thence, to judge how all Parts of the World lie from their Latitude,
and their Longitude being known, which is indeed the great Thingaimedat, and when once acquired,
the bare tending of this Book with Attention, will render a Man a perfe<^t Geographer, without far-
ther Study or Pains.

Wc will begin with tlie Latitude of Places, and Ihew what is meant by that, and how far it is of
Ufe in dillinguithing any Place on the Globe. The Latitude of any City is its Diftancc from the Equa-
tor, which is reckoned on the Meridian, and as every Circle is fuppofed to be divided into 360", fo a
fourth Part of the Meridian 90', muft be always included between the Equator and either of the
Poles. Hence arifcs the DdUndlion between North Latitude and South Latitude, that is to fay, the
Number of Dcgiecs ccnrntcd on the Meridian from the Equator towards the aidic Pole, is Ailed North
Latitude, and ihui London \k faid to lie 51° ^2' North; as on the other Hand, the Number of De-
grees

The

I X r R D V c r J o x.

jrrecR counted on tl.c Mcri.iian townMs ine Am.i
tb.ch is the Captal of Peru, I.cs in 12' 6 South

h the Antarftic, is rtiled Souili. ami t!ius tlic City uf Ut

/ita.

the fi,ft Meridian, and as the Latitude oi this City is 48 45 • J^^"'*?? ^'^"='""" '"^Z" "P^» ">"
G obe is tally and'dearly determined. This Regulation of the firft Mer.dm,. .vas cor, hned to 7..,.v
onKsand has even there been long out of Date. The Dutch Mars ge^nerally lace the h. ft Mcn-
d an at the Pike of r.;.rn/. The Jrahi^u fix theirs at the Suc.gUs ot ('^'^r The old i/a-
niarjs would r,ceds have it at 7cL-Jc, becaufe they faid yl<ijm w.s the firft King of Spam, and the buu
at that Time of its Creation was placed in the Meridian of 'foWf?. ,.« . r

He^e in Ew/jW we generally reckon the firft Meridian that of LomtoH, and infteaJ of counting,
as the old Method was, from the Weft to the Eaft, wc reckon both Ways: For l'.xample, we fay,
that 0*/or^ lies in the Longitude of 1^ 17' Weft from London, wlicreas the City of If nrfaw m Pe-
land lies in the Longitude of 20° 55' Eaft from London. In like Manner, the Fremb Geographers
leckon thiir Longitude from Parh\ for Inftancc, Irtzier fixej the Longitude of Lma in Ptru 79'
AC Weft, by which he means, that the Difference of the Meridian of that City from the Meridian of
Parii is f > much. I hope by this Time, the Meaning of thefe Terms is fo well fixed, tliat with refpedt
to the Ufe made of them in this Work, the Reader can never be at a Lofs, or in any Danger of Jail-
ing into Miftakcs about them.

There are, however, two Queftions that have been moved with ;efpcft to Lntitudc and Longitude,
which, for Saii.-^fadion ot the Reader, 1 ftnall examine. The firft is, why, fi"cc the Circumference
of the Globe is every Way iqual, the Diftance towards North and South, Ihould be ftilcd Latitude,
or Breadth, whereas that Vr^ in Weft to Eaft is called Longitude, or Length? The Anfwcr to this is,
that ill mcafuring tlie Latitude, wc make ufe only of a Quadrant, or a Quarter of a Circle, (<t
that the Latitude of a Place cannot exceed 90°, whereas in counting the Longitude, the old Geogra-
phers made ufe of a whole Circle, and the modern Geographers ufe the Semi-circle, fo that one Placo
may lie in the Latitude of 180° Eaft or Weft from the firft Meridian. The (Jthcr Q^icftion is, why
we reckon the Latitude from the Equator towards the Pole ? And the Anfwer to this is, becaufc the
middle Pait of the Earth was firft fettled, and the Extremities of it, towards the north and fouth Poles,
aic not ytt fully difLovtrcd, and it was m ft natural to reckon from the known to the unknown j or,
bcciulc the Eq.iatcr, anil the Poles being two fixed Points, it was natural to incifurc fioni one to the
otlur, and the Dilbncc haween them, being as wc faid, but a Quarter cf a Circle, it wa« called La-
titiui.-, i'l Diftii.dticn to Longitude, which was at firft meafured round the Gl-jbc, afterwards round
halt ( t' it iwdy.

Ti;c (JitiVrci.t Temperature of the Air, and the different Length of Days, in the feveral Parts of the
WoilJ, have occaficncd the Diftlnttions of Zones and Climates, which arc of very great Ufe. The
Word Zone, it Ihictly taken, is ni) more than a Girdle, and the Reafon that it is made Ufe of, is,
h'caulc the kveral Zones are diftinguiflicd by Circles that pafs round the Earth. Geographers reckon
live, ■■ciz, the toirid '/nnc, the north temperate Zone, the fouth temperate Zone, the north frigid
Z'.-iir, and the f u;h t. igi 1 Zone. The torrid Zone is that Part of the terrcftrial Globe which lies be-
tween the tAo Troj ies ; the ni.ith tcmjxrrate Zone ii- that which lies between the Tropic of Cancer and
the aictie Circle; 'lief )ut!) temperate Zone lies between the Tropic of Ctf^nccr;/, ;'nd the antardlic Cir-
cle ; the north I. igii Zoi.e W-:^ \s uhiii the aittic Cirdc.and the louth frigid Zone within the antardlic Circle.
The Ancients w^ieot Opinion, that the torrid and frigid Zones were abloluttly uninhabitable, the
fi>ri;ier on Account »-! it- fiixii-ious Heat, the latter, by Reafcn of their excellive Cold. But ExiHrt'ience

'.rizon J t!at the Inhabitants arc able to live very Lhcarfidlv, and to great
A::es. It 1. tiue, that the Countries they inhabit, a.e far Iron, producing the .N'ece)]aries\.f Lite in lucli
Abund.rKe as m warmer and tno:e temperate Climes ; but then the People arc more h.irdy, capable ot
g,e:te> Ht.^.iK-, and prvler that Liberty which thty enjoy in an erratic Kind <,l Lite, to all the Plea.

CCS (.X tl.c.r ISutivity than any otliir Nations wliaievir.

TJ;c Anciens tudi, g ,1 .,t t!,is Divifi.n r,f the Surface of the Globe hito five Zones
ncral } an.!, as h.ey lupjc-l.-d kv.ul ct thcfo to he nninhahitable
veniei.cic , ti.ey lud Kecou:fe to another Invention, t!ie noil uleh.
Into th s Kience ; and this was tl.cir .iiiln-nilli;!-,^ the World

was too gc-
•, \\y\\. it was fubndt tu tiuriy Iiicoii-
Lilehii indeed o .,ny f ty introduced

firi:J 1 <.-r,;n s.n,.. ,f ,1, f I -••,--•■•• "t, •>'.... into Climates. A Cliti,a-e may be dc-

D^r'h C r ^l I ';'• '"^V'^V"-"^ longvll ir,v .-xccc-is. by half an Hour, thelon.cft
Day ....l.cC,.M„.e.cha.lu t.v.aiu. the Lpator. ..J ,..!;, ,h.H. hy half an lluar. ul the lonkcft

f the

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The I NT R D U Cf 1 N. v

Day in tlic Climate before it towards the Poles. In other Words, two Cities arc faid to He in diffe-
rent Climates when the longed Day in the one exceeds the longefl Day in the other by half an Hour.
The old Geographers rcckrjned but feveii Climates, from the Midake they made in imagining onlv
a Imill Part o( the Earth to be inhabited ; but the Moderns have corrcdted this Error, and carried
t'ie Diilance of CiiiiiateS to its utmoft Pcrfedlion. They reckon twenty-four between the Equator
ami the Ardic Polar Circle, each of which encrcafes by half an Hour in the longeft Day -, and as the
longeil D:iy under the Line confifts but of twelve Hours, fo it is plain, that in the twenty-fonrth Cli-
mate, or under the Polar Circle, the longeft Day conHfts of twenty-four Hours \ from hence to the
Pole they reckon but fix, each of which differs in the Length of its longeft Days a Month : Sj
that under the Pole, if it was habitable, the Day and the Year would be the fame thing, the for-
mer confiding of fix Months, and the Nij^nt of as many.

IJy this Diftindlion into Climates, we have an Opportunity of looking round, and comparing the
feveral C luntries of a like Temperature at once. By it we are enabled to judge how far one Country is
prcferabl.' to another in its Produfts and Commodities, how far the Culture of the Frnitsof one Coun-
try may In: pufhed by Art in another, what Commodities may be expcdlcd in a ncw-difcoveredLand,
and a Multitude of other curious Particulars that muft immediately occur to every Man of tolerable
Under {landing. To further iuch Kcflcdlions, and to enable the Reader to pofTcfs himfelf at once of
all the AdvHutages hinted at above, I fliall lay down a Table of the twenty-four Northern Climates,
which more immediately concern us ; and when he has contemplated thcfe with due Attention, I
perfuade myfelf he will difcover many more ufeful Circumftances than I am able to mention. For
when the human Mind is once put into the right Tradl of Enquiry, a fmall Degree of Diligence
and Penetration will conquer all Ditficulties, and open a Path to fuch a Field of Knowledge, a^ can-
not but attract a generous and inquifitive Spirit.

A TABLE of QniAATt.6,from the Equator to the Polar Circle. - .

L This commences at the Equator, and ends in the Latitude of 8' 34' : At its Extremity the
Day is twelve Hours and an half. Within this Climate lie the Moluccas, the Maldives, Malacca,
Sumatra, and other fmallcr Iflands in the Eaji-Indies.

II. Extends from from 8'' 41' to 16° 43'. The longeft Day in this Climate confifts of thirteea
Hours. In it lie AbijJ)<nia, or Ethiopia, the Kingdoms of Aden, Siam, Corromandd, and the IQand
of Ceylon.

III. Reaches 16" 43' to 24° 11'. The longeft Day here is thirteen Hours and an half. Witl.in
this Climate are the Kingdoms of Meccha, Arabia- Felix, Bengal, Mexico in North-America, and
Tonquin.

IV. Takes in from 24" 1 1' to 30" 47'. The longeft Day in this Climate is fourteen Hours,
In it lies the famous Ifland of Ormuz in the Perjian Gulpb, Agra the Capital, and a great Part of
the Dominions of the Great Mogul, Fochu in China, Alexandria in Egypt, and the Canary-
IJlands.

V. Extends from 30° 47' to 36" 30'. The longeft Day is fourteen Hours and an half: In
•which Climate lie the Territory of Babylon, Tunis in Barbary, Nicofia in the Ifle of Cyprus, Nan-
kin and Pekin in China, Rhodes, and I/paban, with the Country adjoining in Perjia.

\\. Commences in 36=' 30', and reaches to 41° 22'. The longeft Day liere is fifteen Hours.
In it lie Ltjbon, and the bcft Part of the Kingdom of Portugal, Palermo in Sicily, Madrid in Spain,
the beft Part of Greece, AJia-Minor, the Perjian Provinces on the Cafpian-Sca, jdeched, the intended
Capital of that Empire by the Shah Nadir, Part of India, and Great-Tartary, Corea, and Japan.
In North-America, a Part of Cul/'ornia, the Kingdom of Nrui-Mexico, the French Provinces of
Lcuvijiana, Spanijflj Florida, Georgia, Part of South -Carolina, the Bahama- Iflands , and the
Ax-ores.

\'II. Reaches from 41° 22' to 45° 29'. The longeft Day fifteen Hours and a half. In its Bound'?
are comprehended Bijcay, and all the Northern Provinces of Spain, the Southern Provinces of
France, Milan, Rome, Venice, Be/grade, Conjfantinople, the Black- Sea, Georgia, the Cajpian, the Sea
of Aral, Great-Tartary, Tangut,, Land of Tedfo, In North-America, Nova-Albion, and the hi-
therto undifcovered Part of the Continent, the Sources of the MiJJiJippi, the Lakes and Country of
Jriiftiois, Bo/hn in New-EnglanJ, and Port- Royal in Nova- Scotia.

VIII. Extends from 45" 29' to 49° i'. The longeft Day fixtecn Hours, under which Climate
lie Paris and the middle Provinces of France, Vienna, Hungary, Crim-Tartary, Great-7artary,
Part of the Land of red/i, the Company's Land and other Difcoverics by the Dutch in the Eaj1-In-
tlies. In North-America, a vaft unknown Continent, the Upper-Lakes, Canada, Nova-Scotia, and
Nt-wfound/and.

IX. Commences at 490 r, and ends at 51° 58'. The longeft Day fixteen Hours and an half. In
tWs Climate lie London, Rouen, Amiens, Prague, Frankfort, Cracow, the Southern Provinces of MuJ-
lovy, and both 7artaries. In North-America, Part of Canada, the Streights of Bell-IJle, and foine
kA N iiif oundland.

X. Beginning .it ^i" 58', and reaching to u" 29'. The longeft Day fcventeen Hours. In this Cli-
mate arc contained Dublin, Amjlerdam, Lubeck, Dantzick, Warfaw, Part of the Rujjian Teriitories,
both 7artaries, and in America, Part of New-France.

XI. Extends Iroin 54° 29 to rb^ 37. The longeft Day fcventeen Hours and .in half. In this
Climate we find Edinburgh, Copenhagen, ffilna in Lithuania, Smolenf.o in RuJJia, and both Tartaries.

Ni;mb. 08. c Xir

moft re-

7hc 1 XTKODV Cr 10 X.

r Ao ., ,n.< rfdthcs to c8^ 26'. The lontcft Hay here is eighteen Hours. Id

'Tariariis. «,.„j. ,« ,«• m' , The lonccft Day in it bcine eightwn Hours and

an half. ^ "iJ'V it T;' „ ':„ Fnraf^and Alia the Middle of Grtat-tartary, In Wm/r/iu Pan
Heart of the ^t^* PZrr Nm i«7^^^^^^^^^ Co,ft of HuHlon.Bay/jerra de Labrador.

*" Xll Slcncir;?59^ 6^.8 . The longeft Day under .his Climate i, nu^eteea

11;^. wS it we^L the Orknryjpndi. a great Part ot Kcruay, SuaUn RuJ/,a, GraU-
Hours. Within " ^e nna in n j 6 ^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^ Ncighbnuihood.

In thii ChmStc 1 ,he City of Bergen in Norwo)', feveral Parts of ^«»W and many Prov.acc-s of
Se ALSrErnpi re in Europe and J/ia, and the moft Southern Parts ol GrM.

XVI B^eins at 62- 25'. and ends at 6i- 23'- The longeft Day .s twenty Hours. TIk:
markabic Place in this Climate is Perma-fhlick, a Town in Afo/^tn-/. ^ . ., .

XVI Commences at 69' ^3'. and ends at 64° 16'. The longeft Day is twentv Hours and an
half Under this Climate is Part of Finland, RuJJia, Tartar^, rariicularly that ol it to tlie N. W.
dilcovercd by the /?«/?<»« in the Year 1726. . . ,^ . ,, 1 l- ^,.

XVIII. Extends from 64» 16' to 64" 55'. The longeft Day 1$ twenty-one Hours. In thisCli-

mate is the City of Dronthtim in Naru'aj. , . , a r» u-- . . u

XIX Comprehends all between 64° 55', and 65° 25'} the longeft Day being twcr.ty.onc Hours
and an "half The City of Tobolp, which is the Capital of Siberia, he$ in this CUmatc.

XX. Begins at 65° 25', and extends at 65* 47'. The longeft Day is twenty-two Hours. la
this Climate is the Town of r///tfOT in f/n/W. _. ^ .r .

XXI. Extends from 65' 4/ to 66° 6'. The longeft Day is twenty-two Hours and an half. In
this Climate lies the Part of 'Torna in Bothnia, io often mentioned by Mr. Maupertuit, in his Ac-
count of tht Exjiedition of the French Academians, for determining the Length of a Degree under

the ardtic Circle.

XXII. Reaches from 66" to 66" 20'. The longeft Day is twenty-three Hours. Within thil
Climate lies the Town of Caienebourgb in Mufcevy.

XXIII. Commences at 66" 20*, and extends to 66* 28' j the longeft Day being twenty-three
Hours and an half Within this Climate lies the Town of SkaJhot in the Ifland of Iceland.

XXIV. Comprehends from 66» 28' to 65* 31'. The longeft Day is twenty-four Houri. Within
this Climate lies the Town of Hola in Iceland.

Here ends the Climate of Days, that it the twenty-four Climates, that are diftinguiflied by the
different Length of Days. Perhaps it may not be amifs to give a (hort and eafy Rule for finding tlic
Climate, in which any Place lies, without the AfTiftance either of Globes and Tables, and this may be
done with fo much Eafe, that I think it impoflible, either to miftakc the Rule, or to meet with any
Difficulty in making ufe of it. The Rule is this : Subftrad la Hours from the longeft Day, and
double the Remainder, which will give the Climate the Place is in. For Example, the longeft
Day at Paris is 16 Hours; fubfhadl 12 from thence, there remains 4, double the Renuinder, audit
(hews the Climate wherein the City of Paris lies.

Bcfides the Climates diftinguiftied by Days, there are yet fix other northern Climates, which are
diftinguiftied by Months. And, as the Knowledge of thefe is of fome Confcquence, we (hall likewile
give a concil'e Account of them.

I. Commences at 66° 31', and ends at 69' 48'. In this Climate, the longeft Day confifts of a
complcat Month i in it lies the Mufcmite Lapland.

II. Reaches from 69° 48', to 73° 37'i the longeft is of two Months, or futty-two Days Continu-
ance. In this Climate lies Groerdand, which is a Country fo cxceflive cold, that the Sea upon its
Coafts is almoft perpetually frozen.

III. Begins at 73' 37', and extends to jZ' 30'. In this Climate the Day is three Months 00m-
pleat J in it lies Zembla Auftralit.

IV. Comprehends from 78* 30' to 84' 5'. The longeft Day in this Climate ukes in four Months;

in it lies Zembla Borealis.

V. Extends from 84' 5', to the ve^ Pole; the longeft Day here confifts of five Months, or one
hundred fifty-fivc Days compleat. In this Climate lies Spitzbergen, which we call Greenland.

VI. Immediately, under the north Pole, where there is fix Months Day, and fix Months Night »
but whether there be any Land, or whether, if there be Land, it is at all inhabited, remains, and
probably will ever remain a Queftion. Thefe Pointe of Geography have, as I obferved before, fome-
thmg in them at firft Sight, very dry and unplealint ; but by the frequent PeruCil of them, or having
often recourfe to them, as they lie here in the Introduftion, the Reader will foon enter into the full
Extent of their Ufe, and apply them with Plcafurc in the PerufSil of the Work. I will not detain
h.m with the Definitions of Continents, Iflands, Capes, Promontories, Seas, Bays, &c. becaufe theli:,
I think, arc generally underftood, and where-ever I mention them, flull be rendered fo plain, as not
to need any Reference clfcwherc. ^

Thus much may fiifficc upon thisSubjeft, and tho' it lies in a narrow Compafi, yet the Reader
will find u not only ufclul, but every Way fufficient to explain the Terms of Art borrowed from that

3 Scicaie,

S.i

p..

I hi

Ni
wl

or one

The / N r R O D U C r I O X,

Vll

S.I rcr, aiiil iiiailo iik- nt' in this Uor)k. As to Nuvlgatiun, Care has hccn taken to avoid as muih ns
pcliiule, inaltinn nil ul Inch Terms in that Art, as arc not commonly unileiftood, and rather than do
this, and thnehy intiodiicc a MnUitudc of huilh Words, and diflicult Phrafes, wc have choftn to
txprds Things mure ui Urge, lo as to render them pcrtcdtly plain, even to ordinary Undcrftjndiiigs.
N^f may fay the Ininc Thinj', with regard to natural Hiftory, wherein we have fludied chiefly Fcrfpi-
cuity, ;md therchy the Informatiou of the Reader, which wc conceived would be more accept-
able, than if from a vain AfFrdtation of Learning, wc had ufcd Words familiar in the Schools, and
lu) where clfc. It ii proper, and even ncceffary to mention thefe Things, that what was puroly the
Utfi'dl ot Choice, may not he attributed to any other Caufe. It is one Thing to write exprefsly upon
:i particular Science, and another to mention occafionally Things that relate to that Science, and our
Bulincfs in this Collrdlloit in, not only to convey all the Inftrudtion we can, but likewili: to convey it
in the caficd and plained Manner we may, as not affeding to be thought learned, but defiring to
make Knowledge uh familiar as pofTible.

With this View, wc have uifided largely on the Policy of Countries, in order to (hew, both the
Nature of leveral Kinds of Government, and their EfFedls, more cfpecially in the Eaji, the Spirit of
which feemK hitherto hut indiiTercntly undcrftood. Wc have alfo had Occafion to rcpreil-nt very fully
the four anticnt I'Jnpirei, the Influence they had on the Manners of Mankind, which wc have like"
wife (licwn, ii not yet wholly effaced. Hy purfuing this Method, we flatter ourfelves, that many great
Advantages have Ikco gained, and that. the Reader will perceive, that what he has perufed in this. Vo-
lume, will throw a prodigious Light on what follows in the next, more cfpecially with regard to the
fundamental Principles ot true and lafting Dominion.

The Power attained cither by Policy, or Arms, is but of fhort Continuance, in comparifon of
what ii acquired hy Trade. If we reflet on the Reafon of the Thing, it will appear, that Com-
merce ii founded on Indudry, and cherifhed by Freedom. Thefe are luch fulid Pillars, that whate-
ver SuperdruAurc ii ercAed upon them, cannot eailly be overthrown by Force, but niud be ruined
by Sap: Thii too we find judified by Hiftory and Experience. The antient Kingdom uf Tyre owed
ita cxtenfive and lulling Power to its Commerce, and all the Accounts we have of the Progrefs of
AUxander't Army agree in this, tho' hardly in any Thing elfe ; that the Dcdrudtion of Tyre cod
him more than the over-running the Perjian Empire, tho' the Territories of the former fcarce en-
tered into Comparifon with the prodigious Dominions of the latter. Carthage, the mod formidable
Enemy of Rcmf, dood likcwife indebted to Trade for that Strength which was fo long reputed invinci-
ble, and which had always proved fo, if the Virtues necedary to a State fupported and ever fubfiding
by Commerce, had not tteen greatly impaired by that Luxury which her Riches induced before die
was attacked by her formidable Enemy. The Hidory of the middle Ages likcwife (hew the Repub'
licks of ytnici and Gtnoa riflng to an amazing Height, hy the diligent Profecucion of foreign Trade,
and Maritime Power, and finking again into a low Condition, and that not fo much by a fuperior
Force of foreign Enemici!, us by the Negligence of thofe Arts, and Diminution of thofe Virtues by
which their Empire was attained.

According to the prcfcnt Sydem, Wealth is the Source of Power, and the Attainment of Wealth
. can only be brought about hy a wife and happy Attention to Commerce. This it was that enabled
the Umted'Provinca, not only to diake off the Dominion of Spain, but to raife themielves into the
fird Rank among the Powers of Europe. If wc purfue this Thought a little farther, we ihall find,
that the peculiar Advantages which the little Province of Holland poflefles in this relpcdl, has rendered
herinfomc Mcafurc the Midreftof the other Six; and if we pry further into Things, wedialldiicover
fuch a Degree of Wealth and Power in the City of jlmjlerdam alone, as might put lier upon a Level
with fome Kingdoms. I Hiall but jud mention the Dutch Eajl-India Company, which, in a dillant
Part of the World, not only gives Laws to barbarous Nations, but has trampled upon thofe Powers
that were terrible to the States at Home. It is indeed wonderful, that Truths fo evident as thele,
Ihould for a long Time efcape, not only vulgar Obfervation, but the penetrating Eyes of the pro-
founded Politicians.

By Degrees, however, Experience has made almod all Nations fenfible of the Importance of Trade,
which is the Reafon we fee it purfucd now with fo much Ardour in every Corner of the European
World. This being the Cafe, whoever would have a competent Knowledge of the Weight and In-
fluence of any People, mud be well acquainted with their Character and Circumdances in this re-
fpedt) and yet this is a Point unaccountably ncgledfed by almod all the Writers who have underta-
ken to fet before their Readers the prefcnt State of Kingdoms and Commonwealths. They mention
it, we mud confcls, hut fupcrticially; they throw it amongd a Groupe of incondderable Particulars,
and if they jud take Notice of a principal Port, or two, in any Country, they think they have done
all that is requifite in regard to an Affair, the Knowledge of which, is of much more Importance
than mod ot thofe on the copious Explication of which they value themfelves.

As our Bufincis lay in a great Meafure with Authors that dealt not much in Reflection, we have,
in the fird Part of this Work, endeavoured to fupply that Defcdl, in order to render it as fydematical
as poUibIc, and in the fuccceding Volume, we (hall, for the fame Reafon, be more fparing on that
« Head, and leave ThiiigH more to the Reader's own Obfervation, taking Care, however, to fupply them
with proffer Materials, tor the ranging of which, in order to extract from this Collection a general
Hidory of Trade, u very few Rules may fiiflice, which, for that Reafon, wc (hall here lay down,
being throughly pcrfwadcd, that as they will be found both proper and ufcful in their Application, fo
they will be found even here both natural and agreeable.

The only Means, hy which we can arrive at didindt and accurate Notices on this Head, Is by fol-
lowing that plain und natural Method, which the Nature of Commerce in general points out. We

mud

viii nc I iV r A' /) u cT 1 x.

niuft fiift examine what the naluril Commodities arc of the Country, the Trade of which we cnn-
fuk-r, the (^antity, Value and Demand hir thcic Commodities in ether Pari*, and the N'anrur in
which they are difpoled oi hy the Natives of the Country where they arc Jtuii.d. Thii it the Hrll
Step in the Hiftory of Commerce. The next is the Fnumeration cf their Manufadurcs, whitlicr
they are of their own Commodities, or of diole imported from abroiul : Ami with regard to tliiit H,.a,i
wc mull attentively confiderthc Number of the People employed, the Nature ol their Kmph.ymciits and

wcnuitt attentively connnertnc i\umner 01 inc rcopicciiifiu>c»i, un. i-..iiun. wi nn.ii i-m^'Hiymciu*., aiuj
the Effeds which their Induftry produces to themfelves and lo the State. Ti;c tfiird Head in tl^l^ lin-
quiry fliould be the Sea-Ports in the Country under our Conlidcrati in, the natur.il and artifiual Con-
\tniences of each of them, and the particular Advantages and Difadvaiitajjes attending thcin, in point

Nation dehcienc in thcle Kel[Ka>, it will be in a Manner to no I'uip le mat Ihc Itrujrgies, brciuk;
whatever the Pi-weror Polity of one Adminirtration might gain her, mull he loU by the new lutii
r>t tic nixt} fince whatever is unnatural, or contrary to tiie Genius of a Piople, can never lall long.
I'he fourth Head will be the Number and Nature of their Shipping, and the Seamen employed on
Board them : For the Wealth and Power of a Nation is much tft'cdtcd by various CircumAanccs in-
tending theli.*. For Inftjncc, 5^<i/« and Pur/ufd/ derive great Riches from Commerce : And yet, by
their Management of that Commerce, are far Trom being confiderable, either by the Number ol their
Shipping, or ot their Seamen, which it owing to their ill Policv, and to that ridiculous Dillindioii
between the Wealth of the Prince and the Wealth of the People; a Dillindlon that c-n lirrvc no
other Piirpole than k'reping the one weak, and the other poor.

The lait Psint that merits Examination, is that of Colonics or Plantations > with regard to whLh
we arc to enquire, not how many, or how powerful they are, fo much as how they contribute to the
Wealth and Grandeur of ihcir Mother State. There is in this fomething fo commendable in the
ptif./\ that I cannnt forbear fpcaking of it. The common Phrafe for Holland, in all their Coloniei,
is l\ttl:er-land, which is an Expiertion fo pathetic, to full of trnc Patriotifm, and to exprenivc of
fit al Alilaion, that we may from thence difcern the true \2{c of Colonies, which is to feed and fup-
pori t!ie Country from whence they arc derived. In this Rcfpcft we excel the Spaniardt, and the
Dutch excel us : For thcfe is a Conformity between the liitcrefl of that State and of all her Planutions,
which is difcerned no where clfc, and which is the true Source of the mighty Power and immcnlc
Wealth of that flourifhing Republick.

So much for the commercial Part of our Work ; let us now turn to the Hiftory. The original
Settlement and lubf.quent Changes that have happened to every Nation, arethcSubjed of their Hil-
tory. This inull be tolerably well known to have an adequate Notion of their Concerns, but at the
fame Tinie, there is no fort of Occafjon for entering too deeply into tlm, in order to an Acquain-
tance with their prcferu Crcumftanccs. There cannot, certainly, be either a more ufeful. or a more
rleaf.,nt Study than the general Uirtory of all Nations. But then this requires much Lcifure. tbo
Knowledge of many Languages and great Abilltie. •. a great Statefman. an accomplilhcd Scholar may.
indeed mud. apply h.mfe f to this fort of Study, in order to attain that Excellence, at which he airo
B It the general Knowledge of the World, which is fo rrquifttc to every Man. ^ho would make a
olcrable Figure in it docs not require any fiich laborious Courfc of reading, but may be acquired
by affording a rcalonabic Attention to a few of the moft remarkable Fafts. In this Work thacfore'
V i.hout totally o.nitting the antient Hiflory. we (hall treat of it to concifelv. as to conned it wUb
and yet leave luthcient Room for the Modern. TheSpring of Aftion in one Age. feldom rUbs h7gh„
than the Jranfidiuns of that which went before it, and thetrfore it imports Ss more to be ptrfSTv
K • «''\"''?'' '^^ll^ >^"»"t within the fc latt hundred Year,. thalTwith what was donemaw

for h 1^ t ?. ? Attention to this, that we have taken fo much Pains to enquire into and fit
f h the Hate and Condition of the (everal trading Companies lubfirting in J!ix.rL the Nature of

fl^.ll cx^r of the like Nature in ;,er fitks Thc^^e r t ''!!i*"'"F ""'^ . P/«'^'^i"g whatever
vin ,n ot this Work in lx)th Vdumes fr., fol,n/ ' ^," ^'' *"'''" "'"*' '^8*'^ «° »** '^•-

thert . whatever has been hithlrnnSi a f ?" " '"'' ""'^ " ^^'^ «» P^^'^c. by digcfting
living the Road oL to fuureCofi^^^ Y"^' ^'"'"^' an/diftinguifked Wort^, btt alff,

raompoiing tl« X^ f^Xat it irCH r K*"''°" "^V"" ^* ^'^"""y «^ "«* modelling, or

vuiii picatctl nil- fir t fart of thU lnm„l.,A \» l ■ ■ o piujicny oii'.citca.

.-1.0U, ,u„„s .„.,. ,0 «,,„ u ..; m.z:. ': ,":;;::■;:;:;;:"! ',t:z;

c
(id
ions of Countries,
Ictond Part, wc (liew
lic;v

rhe 1 N r R o n u cr 1 x.

l)C

rhich
Sup-

:<tt ill
s hi-
havc

tliCi,

flicw

hew

I-

liow future Difcnvcrics may be made by a farther Improvement of thi)li) IIclpii, and thofe Inflru-
mtnts, wliicli have rendered the modern Navigation lo much luporior, hi Atcuimy, u« well as Extent
to the Navigation of the Ancients.

This leads us to fpeak more particularly of the l'ropertic«ofihc Magnet, or F.nad.ftone.the Difcovery
of which, if wc may licheve the learned Kinbir, was driginally owina to the Sagacity of an EiigUjhman,
but which have mod certainly been Utter explained, and thereby rcnJcicd m»rc and moreulelul, by fc-
veral ofourindulbious Countrymen. Tlicrc have, indeed, been AttemplH made to Ibcw, that the Ancients
were acquainted with that wondcitul and lingular Property (iflhisSinne, which our Icaincd Countryman
Dr. Gilbert, calls, its Verticitv, or Power ot pointin;; to the Nt)rill \ and it \\u h?cn likewifc adcrted,
that it was co:iimonly known in the Eail, bctore it came to he praClilcd in thcfe Parts of the World;
both which Opinions, in the Body ot this Work, wc have Ibewn to he but indiftlrently founded. The
firlt Tteatif upcn this Subjcdt, ot any great Cvinfequencc, was written by a Ptffon who ftiled himfelf
Petrui iWfi^ririus, who, if Kircber be not millaken, and Slurmiui llkewil'c, wai no other than our
learned Friar Roger Bacon; but be this as it will, it is in a Manner agreed, that this Property of the
Magnet, was reduced to pradicc about the Year 1300, that ia about fix or eight Years after Friar Ba-
con'i Death, by one yobn Goia oJ the Kingdom ot Naples.

After this great and moft ulcful Dilcovery was known to Kurohf^ there were foon many inquifitive
I leads, that employed their Thoughts about making further Enqiurics hitothc Nature of this celebrated
Stone i fo that in (ome time its Variation, or Dctledbon from the true Meridian, was difcovcred by Sc-
hillianCalot. The Declination (as it was at firll called, whercni now the Variation often paflcs hy
thatNamej or rather, the Inclination of the Needle, was fnil jlillovctcd hv our Countryirian Robert
Norman, which is a (urprizing Property, whereby it always dipt under the Horizon, when placed
upon a Pin like a Compals, except m fuch Places as arc juft under the Kqnator, and there it keeps al-
ways parallel to the Horizon exadly j and he ibund the grcatett Inclination at Lmlon to be 71" ?o'.
Dr. jyallii in the Pbilofothical 7ranfa£fions, N°. 276, thinks that the I)i(c«)very of this Dipping ofthe
Needle is owing to Mr. Blagrave, or fomc other Grejbumitf \ and he ticfctlbcs this Property to
be a Dircdlion ol Altitude above the Horizon j fothat if it be duly lioili-d on an Horizontal Axi«,
it will point to a determinate Degree, of Altitude, or Elevation above tnc Horizon » and he fays truly
ihat of this Difcovery, though made fo long ago, there hath not yet been any confiderable Ufc

made.

The Variation of the Variation is another confiderable and very furpnzing Property of
the Load- (lone -, that is, that the Magnetick Needle in its Hori/onial Pofilion, doth not always
retain the fame Variation or Declination from the true Meridian, in the funic Place, and at all Times,
but doth fuccellively vary in its Declination or Variation from Tinto Id Time. This was firfl dif-
covcred by Mr. Gitltbrand, about the Year 163? j tho' Sturnihn faith, that this was taken Notice of
alfo by Hehetius, Auzout, Petit, Volckamer and others, much about the fame Time : So that our En-
clijfj Nation has' had a very confiderable Share in the DiJi;ovcric8 which have been made about the
Magnet, and its wonderful and uleful Properties. To make this Matter the clearer, and to reduce
the Fads neceffary to be known, within a narrow Compafs, we will prcl'cnt them to the Eye of the
Reader in the Form of a Table.

7be Properties and P h /e n o m f. n A of tbe Magnet or Load-ftone, /rem the beft Authors.

I. That in every Magnet or Load-ftone, there are two Poles, one polftting North, the other South}
and if a Stone be cut, or broke into never fo many Pieces, there are thcfe two Poles in each Piece.

II. That thcfe Poles, in divers Parts of the Globe, are diverfly inclined towards the Earth's Centre.

III. That thefc Poles, though contrary one to another, do help niutuully towards the Magnet's
Attr.iaion and Sufpenfion of Iron.

IV. If two Magnets are Spherical, one will turn or conform ilfelf tothe other, fo as either of them
would do to the Earth i and that after they have fo conformed, or turned thcmfclvcs, they endeavour to
approach to join each other ; but, if placed in a contrary Pofition, they avoid each other.

V. If a Magnet be cut through the Axis, the Parts or Segment ofthe Stone, which before were
joined, will now avoid and fly each other.

VI. If the Magnet be cut by a Section perpendicular to its Axis, the two Points, which before were
conjoined, will become contrary Poles, one in one, the other in the other Segments,

VII. Iron receives Virtue frm the Magnet by Application to it, or barely from an Approch near it,
tho' it do not touch it ; and Iron receives this Virtue varioufly, according to the Parts of the Stone it is
made to touch, or approach to.

VIII. If an oblong Piece of Iron be any how applied to the Stone, It receives A Virtue fiom it only
as to its L ngth.

IX. The Magnet lofes none of its own Virtue by communicfttinc any to Iron » and this Virtue it
can communicate to Iron very fpeedily, though the longer the Iron touches or joins the Stone, the
longer will its communicated Virtue hold, and a better Magnet will communicate more of it than one
that is not (o good.

X. That Steel receives Virtue from the Magnet fooncr than Iron.

XI. A Needle touched by a Magnet will turn its Ends the lanic Way towards the Poles of the
World as the M.tgnet will do.

XII. Tiiat nenlicr Lead, Stone, nor Needles touched by it do conloriM their Poles cxailly to thofe
of the World, bat have ufually tome Variation from tlxm ; and thin Variation it ditFcrent in different
Places, and at ditt'>.ic!U Times in the fame Place.

Numb. LXIX d XIII.

Zv / y -7 K /) r c r i o y-

.,ul Ih... .ho' ihc h.».-krv. or King. '" ';" *"^ .J „!'„,„,„, ,„ „ ;u.|!ht "t Ull.

X\. in.it a luoiij, i>iJi,i".«, _ ^ ^ ^ I ^^ .| .^ ^„„H-> u, tiiiiLh It, it cin iliaw it

U|uraic

morr

?,o,;;\h:'>!iK:;t;^c,kcrMagnc,. .^ even a l,nlc I'ucc ... l,o>,. can .l,awaw..y. or .c,

''"xVU^n^nlulc"!;^ Iron only, hit no other Bo.ly interplc.l can impe.le the Oi^r.u. of ,I,c
Lo^. -Lk. c iter as to i.s At.ra'di n. or dre^.c ().al.,v. Mr. W;- .......i .. tu.c hy C.Ulc,

at utmctically ; and Glais is a Body as impervious .s m.,. .,rc to any I tllnv,.,.
NVlil Tin. the Power, or Virtue ol a Load-llonc. in.,y be i.np.urtd l.y lying long in a wror>g
I'ullure, as alio by Rull, Wet, Gf.-. and may k quite dcrtr.yed by I uc

Exi'EKiMFNTS on the Load-ftone, hy tkc I lonourotlc Rokrl Hoylo, F/f, in lis evn U'crds.
I Mr. Boyk lounJ that by heating a M.ignct red-hot, it could be liKcaily dcprivci! ot itsattradlvc

il ' \i I Load-ftone be heated red-hot, and then cooled, either with its South-Polc to the North, in
a h(^"ri-/ontal Pofition, «r with iti South- Pole downwards in a |KrpcnuKulaf one, it will change \ix
PoLaiiv, the vSoath-Polc becoming the Nothcrn, and '.w.r'/.;.

Jll. 'I3y applying the Poles of a very fmall Fragment ot a Load- (tone to (he oppofite vigorous
ones of u good latge Magnet, Mr. Boyle found he toald fpcedily change the Poles ot the Fraginciu,
but ht cciuld ni)i ilTtdl it in a Fragment that was conlidcrablv b:g;;cr, tho' he tried many Hours.

IV. llcolicrvcd, that well-tempered and hardened Iron-Ti'oS, when heated by Attrailion, turii-
inj;, filing, Clfi'. thcv would, while warm, attradt the Filing* or Chips of lion and Steel, but not
wl,oi. I )kl ; yet, l.iys Mr. Moxcn 1 remember once to have fccn niylclt, and tried, th.it a Piece of a
Flic, which w.is in the Hands of Mr. )jr;,r//. the Spcdicle- Maker, did retain tuch atliadtivc C^ia-
lity.'that it would take up and keep luli>cnded the Kcyot a Cabinet, or Flu utorc, and needed noFrjc-
tiij;i 10 excite this niagnctical Virtue.

V. Tlie If.in-bais of Windows, w'aich have long ftootl in an erctfl Pofition, do grow pcrmireiitlv
mr.'j,iK'ncal, the lower Fnds of luch bars being the North-Poles, .ind the upper the bi uthcrn j lor,
according to ihc Laws of Magnctilin, we find the lower Ends of fuch Bars will drive away tl-.c
North hnd of lu Ii a Needle, and will attradl the Southern ; which fliews, th„t by a ccntiiuul P-f-
1 g.: of the lubtilc m.:giietical Particles through them, they are turncil into a kind ot M ignct tl'.ein-
lllves.

\'L Vi a Bar of lion that hath not long flood in an ercflcd P fturc, be only I eld (lerpeiuiicularly,
ill lower Fnd will be the North-Pole, and attract the Souili-I'omt of a touched Nic.ilc ; but tl c i
x\\\< Viituc is tranficnt, and will fhift as you invert the l.ar •, Icr the other Uiul. wIum h..-ld lowrmioii,
will prelenily iKoine the North Pole: Wherefore, in order to render the (i^ulity of Vcriicitv per-
manent n ;:n Iron-bar, it inuil remain a long while in a piopcr PofK.o'i : But the Fiic will pro-
duce this L.l-dl in a very fliort Tim ; for as it will iminediatcly deprive a I.o.ui-ltone ot attr,icli\c
Power, or change its P.iles (as in Kxperiment i, 2,) lo it will as lo<jn give a Vcrticity to a liar of
Iron, it being i cated red-hot, and crwlcdin an crrd I'ufnion dircaly North aiiii South j nay, it hatli
been olfirvid often, that even I ongs and Pokers, by being o'ten heated, and thin I'et tu C(K)1 in a
Pi fuion near to ereci, have gained this magnetical Piopctty. Tlic Rcalon ot wlitch very dillVrent
EtY. .s of the Fire on a Magnet and on l:on Mr li'.yh, with hi> uluil M .deilv, fungi lbs to be
t \ That the peculiar Texture of Cxnllitution, by which a .Magnet differs Irnm ci mmon Iron, or.c
iKin;.; accurite- and fine, the other rough is fp'jilcd by the rude an<l violent Att..cks of tlic F'irc. list
tills iniglity A^ei;t, by woiking up<in Iron, loftrns and opens the Pores of the Miral (which is harder
tli.;n Iron-Oar;) f. that it Ikcoiiks capable ot being pervaded by the magnetical Panicle?, and by
tt.it Ml.!".', gams a vcrtieal (^nliiy.

\11 Mr. B'jyU iound, that, by heating of E-gl'tjh Oker reJ-liot, and placing it to cool in a proper
\\ (lure, it I'lainly gaired a magnetic Power.

\'lll. The- fiii.e Noble Gentleman fount that an excellent I/ud-llonc of his own, having Iain al-
moil a Ve.ir in an inconvenient Pofturc, had its Virtues lo impaired, ih.a he, at lir'll, thoi;.'lir tli..:
foiti.lKxiy iiai fp iltd it by Fire. "^

L\. It a NeeiUc be well tjuched on a good LoidStone, 'tis known it will, when dnly p.^ifcd.
poi; t North and South ; btit il it hath one contrary' Touch on the fame Sione it will imii;cd:atelv
be deprived o. lh.M F.culty ; and by anotlur Toucii it will have its Pole, tiuiie ch-i.«d ; lo that the

,,,.,,, , ., , , ,, - ■" -I'lite cli-irjcd ; lo that tliC

Lnd wi.ieli betorepniiited Noitli, 111. II r.ow point .'■".ithwaid.

X. Dr. /V.vr, and .M. Ikjle both found tliat after a red-h.t Iron had pained a Vcrticity bv be-
ing wed heated and cooled North and S-nith ; and tncn alfo l-.ammer.d at the f.n.'-. ,hc \'irt,lc^ would
munediately be delluned by two or three I5!ow,ot a llmng Hunmer liiurtly - ven alv.iit .he .Mid-
ciie (i| It. ^ '■■

XI. Mj.Bolc t I..,.! il.at by drawing the Ba. k of a Kn;f., or Innp I'-.r -,1 Ftecl-W.r. (,\.

over ti.e 1 o.cola L...:.uoac le.Uirely -nee, - , dive.s T.u.e., UriM.s.:. ti.c M ..,..„ hoo. the F lua-

t<-r,

tf^r.l

a p.|
Poll
\m\

b.d)|
at ((

rt|ii|

V<'lll

t' J

in \|

■>

rhe JNtRODUCriO A\

Ap.

fnr, nr Mi Ml.' i<f the Seine fow.irt!;the Pole, tlic Knilr or Wire, will accoi.linjily nttriu-l ilie End dX
a |ti)il'.d nij^jrutiiMl Ncalle; Hut it' you tiike iint.tlicr Uiiilo or Wire, aiui tlirult it kilnrtly <Acr the
|\i|c t(iw.iut!> tilt- l')i]ii.itor, or Mui({le ot the l£k]untor, this Kiiite (lull expel, or diive awiy ihc fune
1.11(1 of tlir Ntcilk', which the tornicr Kiiitc would atttiu't, whiih F-'xpeimrnt ivAc. it very pr. -
I'.ihlf, th.it til Opcrati 111 ot the Mr.niet dcj eiuls on tlic l''lii\ ut loiiie line I'afticles, Which go out
;it out- I'lile, iht u round .ihotit, and ii> again at tlie other.

XII. H'XM'ili.' it is one ot the univeifd Laws, of iNatnrc, that At'lion and Kc-iH'U)n are alvvayl
ri)ii,il : 'I'hcrctorc, it is plain, the Iron niiitl attract the MapK-t > • inucii as that doth the lion i and
\ou til y calily expcriiiiciu it to be (6 in I'ac't, if you place u Mjf»;)et, ot a Pi'cc of Iron on a
t'jiU, Jo as that it may (wini freely in the VValcr, for then yt.u will kc that whitliloevcr y u hold
III vour Hand will draw the other towards it.

Yhisrahie ot Fat'l^., and LiJl of Ex;'criincnts, have been very cxadlly tranfcnbod, that the Rea-
der 11 iiiht le ;s much as cither Re.l m or Fvpi-ricnce can tenth tMnccinin^^ the wonderful Nature of
this Stone, niul the various Circuindances which attend the Excuion of that l-'aculty by which it bc-
Cv)mes ot luch iniinite Bcncrit and Advaiitigc to Mankind. Widiout knowing ihtfc V ircumftances,
there would want many Grounds lor cnqui.iug in:o, and difc vcring, as perhaps there art ftiil waiii-
iup, futiicicnl (irouiuis for tully explaining the Nature ot Magnctilin, that is to lay, with (nth Cli'ar-
iicls, as may liuisfv the Undrrllandin^;, and luc'i Crtainty, as may take away all Feat of Deception
or Miitiko in Practice. It this Dodrine of M gncLilin was mcerly a Point of Natural PiiilulL)^..iv. it
would be idle tor nic to fpend lo much Time ah'.ut it; but as it is in Fadt tlic great Secret uiiich
imifl fooiicr or later dilcl(>lc the Perfcdtiijn of tliat Science t) wiiith Books of this Nnturc bcloni', !
mean the Knowledge of the entire CJiohc upon wiiich we live, it becomes a moft ne clliiry P.iit ot loia
Iiiiioduition, bccaule the moll valuable Voyages contain fcvt-ral P.;rticuiars relating t > iMf Matter,
which are in Danger of appearing either trivial or tedious, if their Ule and Importaucc be not fully
fliewti.

The fever"! Ilypothcfes that have been devifed by fpcculativc Men, in order to explain this Mat-
ter, have hitherto proved not only erroneous and unfatisfaftory, but by beinc; tor a Tiine judgtd other-
wile, have hindered fiich Enquiries as migh.t have turned to the Benefit of Mankind -, for, as Lord Bri-
ton long ago fihlirrved, Ignorance is not near fo great an Hindrance to Knowledge, as the Conceit of
Knowledge: Thus for Inllance, Kircher'i Notion of magnetic.il F'ibres in the Earth, might make u
Man fancy he could account for the Verticity of the Load-ftone. Again, Mr. DomI, a Countryman
ol our own, advanced tbmcthing very plaufiblc about the Variation ; for he fuppled there weic two
magnctical Poles, which terminated an Axis inclined to that of the Earth, from wheiKc it would fol-
low, that under the fame Meridian, the Variation mud be the fame, and therefore as Experience
fliews the Coiiclulion falle, it follows, that his Account of the Matter could not be true. Dr. (Jilhcrt,
cur Countryman likcwilc, and whole Labours on this Subjcdt can never be enough commended, guard-
ed again A this Error, by the Opinion which he advanced, which is indeed very curious, and vciy in-
genious, but at the Bottom likewife uidaiisfadfory. He thought that the Earth itfelf being in all its
Parts magiietical, and the Water not; the Needle, would conlequently turn towards the Earth whcre-
rver it lay, as to the greater Quantity ot magnctical Matter ; but to mention one out of a Multitude of
Inftancts that might be given, it is certain, that on the Coatlof Brazil, the Needle turns quite the
contrary Way, v/l»ich is lutHcicnt to dcftroy this Notion.

The famous M. Dn Carta invented another Scheme lefs liable to Contradidlion, f(;r lie conj-.dluicd,
that Iron and Load-llonc, hid in the Bovvels of the Earth, and the Bottom of the Sea, migiit b.- the
Caufcs of the Vaiiation of the Needle ; but if thi-. were true, how thould the Variation "f tlat Va-
riation be atcciunted for? We know trom Experience, that here at London, the Variation in one Iniii-
drcd Years has altered tittcen Degrees, and fomething more, for which none of tliefe Notions account
at all, and therefore the famous Dr. Halley took quite another Method, tlv.it is to fay, he took the
only right Method, by nift tollctting a large Table of Oblcrvaiions, and iVom thence endeavoured
to raifc a Theory.

By this Means he went much farther than any of his PredecefT^rs, and his Scheme was thi';, t.hat the
Globe was a Magnet, having f(;ur rnngnetical Poles, two near each of the Poles of the Equator, and that
the Needle was always povtrned by the nearell of thele Poles. His Dilcourlc upon this Subjedt was cx-
treamly well received, both at Home and Abroad, and perhaps, if it had fatisiied its Author, it might
have fatisticd tv.ry body clfc; but the ingenious Gentleman who devifed it, having a much (Greater
regard to Truth tlian Fame, and to the general Adv. ntage of Mankind, than his own particular Re-
putation, foon law that his Scheme, tho" much better contrived, was at the Bottom as falacious as the
rell; tor he coiilidercd, that no Magnet tiad any more than two Poles, whereas the E.irth had vifi-
bly four, and-jierhaps more; and he hkcwile oblerved, that according to his former Notion, thefe
Poles Ihified their Place, which, according to tJie Laws of Nature, and the particular Stiudurc of the
Magnet, was iinorobible and .'.blurd.

He farther ohleived, that this Variation was regular, and had a certain Period, tho' not Iii.!icrto
ptrtcdly dilcuvereti; for, lierc at Lcn.hn, in the Year 1580, it was obfervcd to be n" j^ EatK In
1657, there was no Variation at ail. Jii 1672, he oblcived it himlelf 2" 30' Welt ; and in 1692 lie
ohleived it to he ixadtly 6' Weft ; lb that in one hundred and twelve Years, it had tlianged \y\ ' To
this it may not be improper to adJ, that in lifty-three Years, which have lince elapled, it has varied
I r more to the Well. At Pun's, in 15,-0, the Needle varied 9' Eall. In 1666, there was no Va-
riation at all, and lince that, its Variat.oii lias increafed to 14° Well. The moll fouthera Promcn-
toiy i>( /Ifriui was, ly tlie iV/.v^;,vs(', lihc ut the Year 1600, called \\\^ Ciif-e li'JgulLtis, ov Cite

^ii rhe I s r R D r C7 I x.

I)" //.!« v'lnmlc'l oMavd i( ihc.c. an.l to.nul tl.c tall Va.ut.o,, .... mo,e tl.an 40 . a.,d ... ,6y,.

'eivcn the UcwUt .>scl...r an.l liill-rical n Aaount ol thi« Matter ai we couW, we Hull

ihcimpm in Im hvmi Wiirils', >Kcai.U' .t i» iinpolUble

it vuricii r' W«;ll

ncJiSnuK lame CniUnun". Real. n,nns .hca.p-n .., ...y.vw. w.jrus. --.va-.u- "»••"?«'■"»"'

. S •' V c. '. t Mai-knul, <h.... .hat which thi. ahic a..d ...i^c.un... Pc.l.m ha« g.vc, ..». Alter there

lo.c"h\ii u a vvi. at l..ii;c thdi- liver..! ()l.k•rva.i..n^. a...) .nany ..i.-rc which wc have om.tteJ, a» Ic.ul-
L „nlv t . .....vc what wc apirchciul .^ Mtfiuentlv provoi hy the Obiervat.on. ahca.Jy let clown, ...d

tl,t Uihlc,.,cl.t I'xpc.iccc wc have ha,l ..t the I ..nc Thin.- , he pr.KCul* thus : . , ^ ,

'• Thcic /'/./;;«.•«./ hcmu m\\ im.ic;llj...l. aii.i duly cc.licleed, lulht.erty evince, that the whole
•' mac.Kti.al Sylkn. .. hv ..nc. or |c.h..p n...rc M. tionst.ai.llate.i wh.ther hallw«..Uor WcftwarcU. I
" (hull t(...i. ililc.ls. th,,t thi» m.Ai.j; Th.M}- i. very p>cat. ;.^ cxtc.uhng iti EHciti trom I olc to Pole,
" an.i th.it (he Mmion thcrcif U not [>r /M.'ym, but a pr .liial an.i regular Motion.

'« Now uMili.kriiii; the S;ru.iture ot . ur tcrraqucou* (;I.>Ik. u cannot \k well luppofed, that a very
' "fiat I'ul ilKrcof c'.iii iiove within it witliont notably chanj-ji'g its Centre ot Oravity, and the Equi-
" hbiiuniot is. Paris which w.uld piutiucc very won.lertul tticCts. in changing the Axis ol diurnal Rota-
" ti.n, ami <.iCA(i.«) th.inge Altcrjii..n<; in the SiasSurtjce, by Inundations and Rcceflet thereof, (uth
" ,1V liid.ry never yet inei tinned ; IhIkIcs the l-hd I'aits ot the Kailh are not to be granted permeable
' iy any oilier tliai'i tluul i^iibll.ince<, <.t' which wc km-w ik.hc that arc any Way magnetical; (o that
" the oiilv Way to rfn>lcr this Motion intellii^ihlc, and |>..|iil.le, in to fuppolc it to turn abotit the Centre
" ill tlie K.iit!). An.l tlicic ii. yet reiiuiicd, tii.it tl.i> inovinj: internal Siibllancc be loolc, and detached
" fu-m the external I'.nt^ <i» tlic I'urth whtteiii wc live, for othtrwiici were it fixed thereto, the whole
" nuill netelV.irilv .novc t.i^cih r.

" S.) iheii, tilt k external Paits <f the Ch.lx: will he rr ckoned a» the Shell, and the internal Nucleus, or
" inner Globe, ii. eluded within ours with a fluid Moiium between, which, having the common Co-
" ceiiiie .111.1 .\xi< 1)1 diuuial Roi.iti.in, nnyli.tn about with .nir Ilarih, each twenty-four Hours cnly,
" 1I.C outer S,'!itic having if. luihinating Nioiicn, f./ine Imall Matter, either fw.ltcr or flower, than the
" internal iJall, and every Minute's Difference in Length ofTi.Jic.and in many RcjKtitions, will become
" kiilllile; the inli nial I'art.s will by Decrees recede from the external, and not keeping Pace with cue
•' iiuother, will apjKar gradually to move either Eallward or Wcflward, by the Difference ot" their
" Moti^'iw.

" Now, fuppofing fixh an internal Sphere to have fiich a Motion, we (hall folve the two great Difli-
*' cullies we encountered i>i my lormcr I]ypotheli<: ; tor if this exernal Shell of Earth be a Magnet,
*< having ita Pole:: at a Dillancc from the Poles ot the diurnal Rotation, and it the internal Nucleus be
" likcwiic a Magnet, having its Poks in two other Places, diltant alfo from the Axis, and thefe latter,
" hy a gradual .md il nv Motion, change their Place in relpcdt of the external, we may give a rcalbna-
' l>lc Act.ount ot the t /U( magnetical Pole>, 1 prel'uine to have demonflrated before, as likcwile the
" ClungiN ot" the Needles Vaiiations, wlntli till now have been unattempted.

" The Period of this .Motion being wonderlully great, and there being hardly an hundred Yean fincc
" il eu- Vaiijtions have been duly ohicivcd, it will lie very hard to bring this Hyjxjthefis to a Calculus,
" ei(eeiilly, lince tho' the Variation do decreale and incrcalc regularly, in the lame Place -, yet in dif-
" krent Place.', and at no great Diftance, there are t.und luch calual Changes thereof, as can no Ways
" hcaccouritid tor by a regular Ifypnthelis as depending (;n the unrcjual and irregular Dil^iibuiion of
' the magnetical Maitrr, within the Suhftancc, within the external Shell, or Coat of the Earth, which
' Defect the Needle lupplies from the I'oljtion it would acquire lioin the Effcdt of the general Magtjetifm
" ot the whole. Ot ilii>, the Variations at LcnJcu and Puns, give a notable Inftaiicc ; for the Needle
" hath ken coiillaiuly about r 30 more EaiUrly a Purii than at LorJon, tho' it be certain, that ac-
" cording to ihc ge-ncral Eti'rdf, the Difference ought to be the contrary Way, notwilhflanding which,
'• the Variaiijns .n both Places do change alike,

• Hence, and from lumc other Things of the like Nature, I conclude, that the two Poles of the ex-
ternal Globe, are fixed in the Earth, and that if the Needle were wholly governed by them, the Va-

«• which at prelent we have not a Ix.lHcient NumlKr ofObkrvations to determine. Jnd particularly in that
' ^-"f '"'."• J'' /-ur , rt^ruth-S.-u, which occupies fu great a Part of the Surface of the Earth.

It tun two ot the |,.le. Ik fued. and two moveable, it rcm.uns to altcr.a.n, which they arc that
• keep the..^ Place; and though I could wifl, we had Experirnce of another Century of Years to found
«■ our C_)nc,uli ins upon, yet I think wc may lately determine, that our Europfan Pole
precedent I) kuuilc 1 lup ' ' ... - - r

1,1
l)e
.1.1.

■fi

rhc I X r R o n v cr i o x.

X!il

aiij

.. 'i

" Ai to ilic fotith I'lilcs, I tike tlic ///u'l \\>\c, which I place alumt the Meridian of ihc Ill.iii ! tVA*-
" lift, to Ik* hxtil, and coiilcquenlly tlic /Imitimn l'«)lc to move trom the like Obkrvatioiu '>t tlic Ilnw
•' Diirratcnt the V.iriatiiin nn the Coud <it .7"i''i, and near the Meridian of the yl;uiu Pole > thu' 1
'• innll tonfels to have no AiLoiint ot the I'.ftcdti oJ the other lieyoi t Mtit^i'llan Sirrights.

■■ ll tliik Im: allowed ine, it is pLin, that the lixt l'olc« are the l'< leti ot this external ijhcll or CortcJc
*' (it (he Karth, and the other two the I'olcs ot the ina(;nctiial Niulrus, included and inovcahio wichiti
•' the other. It likcwil'e follows, that tiiis Motion i!> Wcllward, and liy Cotilcqncncc, that the a. jriT.iiJ
•' Nnclcui hai not praifcly iftuncd the fame Degree of Vihaity, witn the cxtrrior I'lrti in tliiir diur-
•' nal Revolution, hut (b nearh rquaU it, that in three hundred fixty-fivc Revolves, the iJifreretee ii
•• fcarec Icnfihlc. This I coiueivc to jrifc from the Impulfc whereby this diurnal Motion wi'. impicfsj
•' on the Karth, Vx'm^ given to fhcexternii' I'.n -, and from thence, in lime, communieat«'d to the in-
«' tcrnal, hut not lo as pcrfcdtly to pqual the V... " ity of the firft Motion hnpreHcd on tluin, and Hill
•• conveye»l, by the (upcifr'il l».irt« (?« th' CJlobc.

" As tor the (Quantity ot ti. Motion, it is almoft impolTihlc to define it, botii from the Nature of
•• this kind of Oblervation, which cannot be accurultly }H:rlorincd, ak alii) from the fm.ill Tinid llicfis
«• Variations have been obfcrved, and rheir Change dilcovetcd It appears by all C'iriiimfl.uice;, that
" this Period is of many Centuries ot \cvr,, and us far as may be tolUdlcd from the Cli.ingt- of the
•' Place where there was no Variation, by Reuli)n of the Kquilibrium ol the two foutliern niagneiical
• ' Poles, viz, horn Cdjx (tAugulbas, to the Meridian of St. HcUna (which is about sjMn ninety
•» Years) and of the Place where the wcftcrly Variation is in its /tcnu, or grcattft I)etle«ilion, beinp
•< about half as much, viz. from the lllc ot Difgo Rioz, to the Ibuth-wetl Paits of Miut<j;^i>lci:t\ wc
•« mav with fome Reafon conjcdlurc, that the ylnwricitu Pole lias moved Wctlwards 46', in that Time,
•' arul that the whole Period thereof is performed in feven hundred Years, or thereabouts -, (o that the
" nice Determination of this, and of fevcral other Partiiuiars in the magnetick Sytlem, is rclerved for
«< remote Pofterity. All that wc tan ho|K to do, is, to leave behind us Obfervatiuns that may be con-
•' tided in, and to propolc Ilypothcle?, which Atter-agcs n>ay examine, amend or reject. Only here
•< I muft take Leave to recommend to all Mailers of Ships, and other Lovers ot natural Truths, that
•< they ufe their utmoft Diligence to make, or prtKure to be made, Obfervations of tliefc Vari.uiors in
•« all Parts of the World, as well in the north, as fouth Latitude (after the lauilahle Cullom oi < ur Er'/f-
u /«•//« Commanders) and that they Iw pleafcd to communicate ihcin to the Ro)'al Society, \\\ order to leave
•I as compleat a Hiilory, as may be, to thofc that arc hereafter to compare ull together, and to compleac
■• and pertedt this abtlrufe Theory."

There has not hitherto appeared any Thing more curious, cr more corrcift, upon this Subjeft, flian
the foregoing admirable Diicourfe ot the late learned Dr. lia/iiy, whole great Abilities, and indefati-
gable Diligence, have done the grcateft Honour to this Nation, and fully fupportcd that Reputation
which wc had before acquired, of having done more in refpedt to magnctical Difcwvericf, than any
other Nation in Europe. His Theory indeed, is at once lb fagacious, and fo ingenious, and witlial,
is delivered with lo great Modcfty, fuch wile IVecautioas. und fo laudable a rcganl to Truth, that one
may juftly aflirm, it delcrves much higher RclJH-il, and a more attentive Conftderuion, than is ufually
due to Attempts of this Nature •, and, if after longer Experience, and a more particular Knf)wlcdgc of
the Fafts relating to the Variation in dittcrent Places, it (hall appear capable of folving all the Diffi-
culties, with which this Subjedt has been hitherto burthencd, Pofterity will, without doubt pay that
due Veneration to the Memory of this Great Man, which his vafl Abilities and lingular I'eiietratioa
have merited.

But fuppofiny there fhould be fuch Deficiencies difcovcrcd in liis fccoiid Theory, as tliis candid and
ingenious Man himfelf difcovcred in Jiis tirft j yet, before this can be done, wc mult Jiave fuch Ta-
bles of Obfervations colledled, as muft enable us to form a better Theory, or, which is ftill of greater
Value, enable us to come at the Thing itlelf; or, in other Words, we muft be in a Condition to af-
fign the true Period of Variation at any given Place : For, till this can be done, it will be limply
impoffible to fay, whether Dr. Ha/ky's Theory will account for thcfe Appearances or not: And if
once, whether by Experiment, or Theory, a Method be found to eftablilh a certain Knowledge of
the Period of Variation, the great End for which it is fought, will be attained, that is to fay, the
cafieft Way of difcovering the Longitude will be found.

As I look upon this to be the principal Advantage that would refult from our having a perfeifl and
certain Knowledge of the Variation of the Needle, it is on this Account that I have iiififted upon it
fo largely, becaule this is the Thing which, of all others, we moft want, towards coinpleating tlu
Science ot Navigation, which, though greatly improved by the Moderns, and therefore much fupe-
rior to the Navigation ot the Ancients, yet, as wc belbrc obfervcd, it is ftill deficient in many Points,
and more particularly in this.

At the fame Time that I mention this, I muft take Notice of another Thing, which, at firft
Sight may leem to be a Paradox, but, at the fame '1 ime, is an indifputabic Truth, and withal a
Tiuth of the hi^heft Importance. The Thing I mean is this, that the Defcfts of modern Naviga-
tion, though Difaiivantageous to the Science, in rclpcdt to Practice, arc, however, fo far from being
difadvaiuageous when tonfidetcd in a fpeculative Light, that they arc really and ftriftly fo many Ex-
cellencies tlureiii, when wc compare the State of that Science now, to tiie State it was in ainungft
the Ancients ; lor it was their Misfortune to have lo high an Opinion of their own Knowledge, as to
charge upon Nature ; or, to Ipcak more like a Chriftian, upon the Condu(5t of Divine Providence,
thole Deltdts which were only in themfelves Thus, for Iiiftance, they conceived, contrary to Truth,
the greateft I'.ut of t!ic C.'lobc to be uninhabitable; and from this Notion, pronounced thofc Dilco-
vcries impoliiblc, which by the Isduftiy of luccjcding .Ages have been made : Whereas with rcfpciit to
Nu.Mji. (hj. ' c the

XIV

the D Jicicr.cics cor
the Ar.ciciit.'-

rbc I yr R o d r c r i o x

f.fll-ii bv il^c Moilern!-, thty arc rcnl'.y fo in,iny Points ot Knowlalgf, as to uhijj

h„d luit the luill L'oiKcption ; an

is a Mist'.;tf.iiic ; V-t
vl.ieh i.< :i threat Felicity
As r>ir Inil.ince, Wv

;no\v wli

at llicy

ar>.

d thouj;h wc have not hith.crtu .,ttainci) tliein, whieh
and, ill I'jir.c mealure, liuw tlay may be attaiiitj,

in-T tlie I.onuitmie; aiui tins in uiir own,

know the crcat Importance of (iifcovtring an c.;fy and certain Method (>t Tind.

, ■ J ...!,,.r Vifi.iiic lilt iii.fiwi il fl'L- I'lihlicilirii l\ rVfAt

.vii, and other

Nati>ii)s, i)as iiuUiced tl-e rnblicatif ii i \' preat

Kewan'

lor'tlx niakiu'j; ot inch Dileoverv

nn.l Iniallcr ^ull

lie

were otTeico

tor interiiKi

And if this .M:tlK)d wire t.iiiied laiilicr i ao PiaCtue,
iiatc Dilciivcries, I do not ;u all d>nibt tliat iiuith grtaur

Tncr

ini

u a:e,

clu, in a tlw Vcirs, be attained, tliui we

O ' - ... * I « I 1 l_ . '

Ifirineilv reaelieJ in v.!u)

.le A

iifs.

in>lr

it. vera ;

Mit'-.ods. bv which tiie Longitude may be dileovtrcil, IxfiJcs this; and

bccaute it i- imioii

ible that tile Reader ihoiil.l enter into tlie uiie

Merit ol llioh a Dikoveiy as tins

\VOUU

thoJs,
niili.'.r

1 W -A the IIk Mvof iii.;gne

tieal Wiiiaiions, without having a ci'i;i|'etent Notion u» thife Mj-

1 fiiall vinture to dilcour c o:
Wjv. Tiie or

f them here, as I have done ot other Things in an caly and ta
iv Metiiod the Romans had of lettlin- tiie Ddaiuo of Plates, and thereby

framing Deli ri('ti. his or
that M..por IX'lciip'
tlie r.mpcror

,//.

Ma[s of Countries was, by adnally meafnring ihem ; and by tliis Means

tion of tlie Woild, w! ich was dtpiv td from ^A;/ ///.;'» Tables in the Reign of

Portico ercded tor th,;t Purp( fe, was m.,de. It is generally believed,

'I'.-tus, m a I ortico er

tli.'t the cele

hrltcd Itlneraiv alcribcd to the Emperor Jn/ovha.s, was t.\tra>lU'd liom tl

icntc.

woi

nd worthy of the greatcff C mmci. datum, conlukiing tlic 'I ime in wJiicli

It was nuul

idcifiiHy ixa t a

!e Init /Vr/-'.vv, the (kograplier, as we

111 cd tiie Method of fixin^; tl.e

D.ll.

nc'.s

have beloie ( blLived, w.is the tiifl who intro
bv Lon^itndei atui I,,.::tuilis, wliithlias I een fincc fol-

Lvcr tine, tliat the

lowed, as bei.i'^ boili cafier and more cx.ia than tlie tormer it i-s However tine, mat tncrc arc
iii.:nv, i-.i] lilt le very grl;f^ Mi(l..kes in the Cuograpliy ol I'taw ; .:s, for l:;ll..nee, lie places the
l'c>tu'UJt:llbi..ii undei the fame Meiiaian, and \\\ ;:,ivcs tl;cin fevtr.'l D.go.e^ of I.oni;itiule ; and in point
of Latitude, he is at leafl ten Degrees cut in Ims Computaiii-n lb: fpcaks ot a City in Cltiui, lyiii;^
in the L.it tude of three Degrees S -uth, whereas we now c-rtainiy Imow tliat the moll Southru
Part ot Cbir.a Tus in twenty Degrcis North- Laii'mle lie lias lo del'eiibed tlie g'eat Illaiid ot '/<;-
frrjkiinci, t'.iat it ii in a ma: ncr impolllble to determine, at Ic.ll wit'i C'e;t.iinty, whether it be Ciilo>\
SunuUra, or Bziiiio. Hcntc lo ; c very judicious I'^ilDnt have d.-ubted whttlitr the introducing Al-
tioDumy has beui of any Uic to C ngraphy, or whether on the contrary, it has not lontrihuled t»
cmbarr.ifs and perplex t!)at Scierce, by whi h it is rendered, much mo;e uncertain than it tlie old plain
geomefrical iNLthod had been (lid tollowcd. Put, in Aiil'wer to this, it may be very truly alHrmei
that the Errors of PtoLmy do not arili: from his Uic of atUonomical Piiiieiples, bi't from his fol-
lowing bad Memoirs, and the great Inaccuracy of tlie Ohfctvations made in ihot'e TinKs for want
of good li.(\tvunents.

The Moderns, who, without Queftlon, have difcovcred much better Methods of making Ob-
fervations, have, ccnieqncntiv, bfci\ r,ble to correeT tliefe Errorv, and ellabhfli a new Way ot' difo-
veiing the L( ngitude \\i;h Certainty, which it tint of EJipks. To let this Mutter in a clear
Li-hl and in as tew Wads as ptiT.blc, 1 fliall lia\c Rccomfc to an Example. As ioon as it was. cer-
tainly known that an Fxlipfe of th': Sun or Moon was ohkcvcd earlier a: Htccklolm than at Pari',
it lolbwed that S:odUhn mull be Eaft from P.trii. When l.;rtl,er (.)!l.; vatioi.s had detcimincd that
an Eelipfc w.'s ol fcved an I bur feoncr at S.'wkhlm tlvan at i'.rm, it billowed, Ir.iin the lame Prin-
ii|!e-, tliat 5/c:,W:.V;; l..y 15 Deg Eall ot P,:r:s ; (o that, ngreeablc to the Edid ( f L<v/i XIII.
which fixed the iiid Meri.ii.:n in the llland of }\rrc, and e^nlc.lllfntIy the City of Paris in tie
Long'.iuvle of :o Deg. ;o Min. the true Longitude c f t!)e City of Sru.<h.'m wa> found by th'i
ObUivation to be 55 Dv'. 30 Min. To m..k.- this (liil phiinu,' let us take another Example. It
h.:s been found, that an E.iptc haslxen obfcrvcd in the lllmd . f C'Avr.r ti-.ree H<Jiirs and an' hah
later than at A.-m ; from v.hercc it isevidci.t. that llland mull lie ^; Dur. -o Min.Well tuaii P,iris,
and that f^r thi: Rclon : The Eqnni. dl.d being divided n:» 360 beg. Iiul maivii.g one Revolution
in twenty-loui Houis. there mult tonlequently be li teen Degrees aliuwed lu an Hour, upon which
tiiib Calcuiali Jii IS gruiuuied.

As this Muhcd ol af.crtaining the Longitude of Places bv the Obferv.it^on of the Eclipfes of ihc
S.-.n aid \b on, eor.tiibuted gre.nly to the Improvement ot (...grapliy ; ih this Very Method has .ac-
quired niueh gieaitr Kite.iion fince we have lallcn into a W.,v of OMeivi. -^ the LrliiMcs of the Si-
tcluesol y,,;,/,r. wlnehthemo:nearncdI'er|uns h.-,ve pron.a.i.ccd to be. of ..11 others, the ihori-
clf, eufiert uiK moft certain Method et fi.xing the Longtinde. In „„ia tu this, iheie is nothing
iv..ie aqu iite than t. h,.^c 1 d.le. very .xaMy ndjulted t.r ibdc Ec'i( Ics to .ny giu-n Ma.^ and hv
obiervni, oeud oi tf.t. luh; ,. ctelnlly at any other Plnu-. ,]. D.iUen.e nf ^.u of Twrn-, will

I> Te o? ^1; Tt ''r W 'T .'" ^^;i^"--"^"J/^i"'"'-- tl.e D.n- ,enee ol L, n^itunc betw.en ,hc tw
I l..ec,. o , in other \\ .,,d>, how |,,r one is l-.aft <.r W i\ f,-, „. t'-:e other. I mnil noi huwcver di
^mble. tnere . ..ving l.a, lome ()1^. et.ot. „n,ie ,0 ,h. Meth. d notwi:ha...i,ng , l 'c "^ ^^

may

upon matuie Coi.l'.deratii n, we n::-,- m!

r.ti.i.;ci

•V, ;:l.i

thereby biin-1

M| ', fii;'g<(l a S((lu!io

nings i,;:(_^ I.J- .It I.

'I of ihii D^f^iLuIiy, whicli
Rl^l:l . 1., olu'.l tu liii , I mult take

No-

rioc INTRODl/CriON.

I 3 \lC-

lit i.ikc

,»'■,

Notice, that the Objedion is founded in a Fddt, and that Fadl again, upon a Stippofition, that the
Earilj is a pcrfcdt tiphtrc, which, however, lomc able Men liave doubted, and tdrii^iicd veiy probable
Reafonf tor their Doubts. Sir Jfaac Neviton thought the Earth a flat Spheroid, iind Mr, CaJJini be-
lieved it to be a long Spheroid. It is plain cnougn, that il cither of thcf.- great M.ii were in the
Right, this would aher the Dldanccs of Places, that have the fame Longitude and Lati'udc, and
coiifcqucntly, take away the Giounds of this Objcdtion ; yet, inftead ot' introducing any Cert.iiiity,
would bcj»et ibll greater Inccrtainties j for, it n.uft be allowed, that if the latter of tiiefc Coiijtdurcs
liad been taken for Truth, while the former really was fo, then in a Courlc of one liundad D^g t.es
ol Longitude, the mod expert and cautious Seaman murt have committed an Error of two Dtgaes,
which Ihews the I nportance of this Enquiry. His moft Chriftian Mijcfly bcii.g informed pcrkdtiy
as to this Matter, in the Days of Cardinal Fleury, when the Arts ot Peace were his C.ie, rclolvc-d,
that at his Expcncc, this Point (liould be put out of Difpute, by caufni^ two I)fgic(.s to be nuu{ui-.d,
one at the Equator, and the other under the polar Circle, which i.as bven aicorJii.gly done, and tinre-
by the Truth of Sir Iltuic Newton'^ Conjcdfure (uliy proved. I knee we have grc.it Rcaluii to expect,
that the Figure of the Earth will very foon be perftdfly known, and tlie dliTL.i\.nt Ltig-.lu of Dciirces
digcfted into accurate Tables, fo as to- be fliewn by bare Infpcdtiin, and tiitn •.. : have tiic giciicfl:
Room to hope, that as the foregoing Obji-dtion took rife from E..ds fallly tl.itcd, it will, by tlie ti uc
true ftating of Fads, be entirely takui aw.iy.

One Thing more wc (hall obfcrvo bifore we quit this Siibj d, and it is tl.is, that tb.e fevc.al Me-
thods of finding the Longitude betore-mcniionLd, depend upon idlionomiLal ()bkivatit;n-., ; n>l tiiol';
too, very nice and exad, which at Sm it is very difiiwult, at any Time, and vuy olttn nnpiadicuble
to make; whence aiif s the Neccnity of finding out lomc oiIkt Way of d rcovcnng the Lo ^.tu.le,
for which hitherto nothing has bid fo t ir a a peiltd hndp g cu' tlie Van.itiuu (.f tlit- magnetic
Needle, which being adjnlLd toa T.bie of Longitudes, thiy wou.d h^n riciprocally fliiu e cli oil er.
This, however, we cun never liope, till iucli Tniie as the l^inces ot Europe, luv n^' a'.iJe ti.eif J^a-
loufies and Animofi'.ies, uniie i.i the gci.crous and pious D fign of proOn ti.'g tiie onnnon Adv:iitage
of all their Subj' d^, by encouraging the Study u[ thole Sciences, w'.ich biiiK^ ptrfed'y undcilfood,
would open a Way t > many concealed Branches of Com,; erce, wli h might mal;e ;h>: Inl ahiaiUb of
their relptdivc Doniinit ns as rich and happy as themfclvcs could wiih, whciiever t!i;s true and laud-
able Ambition (hail take Place of that falle and feigned Ambition which n .w rul-.-s ih-n), wi; may
cxp'd lo lie thole great Events, and we may reafonably hope to f e them fi.ll tuke Puiie, at iealt,
in P.iit, in that N.ition, where tliis blefTed Change, {o agreeable to the Muxims cf Realon, the Laws
of Nature, and the Dodiines of the Chriflan Religion fhall finf appear.

V. e re not, however, to hope this until fuch Time as the MiiiJs of Men are, in fome mcafure,
cured of certain Prejudices which prevail but too generally at pielent. For hilbmce, while it is pol-
fible for any Nation pofTcfled of, or vefled with the l-'ovvcr of improving Commerce and Maritime
Fuice, to be induced to imagine that any Thing elie is more worthy her S.iidy and Regard: For
with refptd to extenlivc Commerce, we may fatcly venture to alTert, it is the one Thing nectllary in
Politicks; an.! it we lUidy and [ urfuc this, all Things elle will be added unto us. It is a riJicuious
Thin;-; for fuch a Nation to complain, that licr Commodities lie upon her Hands, that her Manufac-
tures decay, that Numbers ot htr People are idle, that Multitudes aie poor, and that her Ccniditioa
grows daily worlc and worfe. 1 fuy, fuch Complaints are lidiculons, becimre it is in r.er own Power
to rfdreli^ all thcte Evil?, by minding her own Interell, and applving herfe'.f to that Thing which
alone well minded, mufl ccitiin'y and abfoiutely cure them all: Hut the m li: lidieuli.tis Cuinnlaint
that can be made in a Trading Nation is, agaiiill Smuggling; for that plainly pi\ ves th..t ihe Jias
minded htr Btifinefb fo little, that her Neighbours have got tlie Start of her, fuice it is impoliible that
foreign Commodiiics ihould be bought clitajHir in one Country than anotlier, un.tls the Laws of
that other Country are lo framed, as to opprcls and dilcourage Trade.

The Remedy of all thefe Evils, is very loon found, and very ealilv applied, if onre Mens Eves are
opened, and their Hearts cnlaigtd ; for it the Undcillandnig be clear, and ihe W ill right, a Nation,
like a priv.ite Family, fiion alters its Condition, and recovers, by a piudent .Ma:iai;enunt, uliat was
loft through want ol Attntioii. The gieat Engine in both Cafes i, huiiilliv, and liiJulliy lightiy
applied, lly Indulliy, with ref ed toa Nation, we miiil mean Application to Trade, as in private
Life, wc mean Application to liiifineis; for, both in [ublick, and in privi.te Life, M>.n may l-,e in-
dufbious, that is to lay, niay be ai^live, eager and diligent, not only to no Pmpole, but to l>ad Pur-
pofes; for Inflanee, the Gameller takes a much I'.iins to acquire Money, us the- Tradetnian, bu: witli
"this Difference, that tl« moie he labours, tie worfe he delcrves, and the richer he gro as, the greater
his Infamy. 'Net why is he infatijous? Not furcly becaule he feeks Wealth, hut b.ciule lie fteks it
in a dilhonefl Way, in a Way, which though i leliil to hiintelf, ,s defluidive to his Neiglibours, i:i
a Way ineoi.lilhiu with Soeiety, and whieh tiuly renders him an Enemy to M-niciiui. But alter
all, is not Ulu.y, or the Art ol making MiMiey bei^et Money, of the fame PejudivC in Puhlick, as
CJaming i . private I. re, and ought not tiie Muxims in Covernmcnt which cnccur. ge tiie one, to bj
as univerlallv condcmneil, as thole th.it toler.ite the other.

Let any i\Lui, who cor.liders the Conlequences ot botii, ipeak what his 1 1 -art vliditos, and lie tr.iili:
fay they ought ; fir if the bate Polfeilion ot Money, will produce Nhm.y ; aiul il by w.itciiing the N e-
ceiiit^es of the Piibllek, Men can grow as foon, and as ceitain'y lieh, as by applyi: g their.l'.lves to
Tr.ide, It lollows, ihat wheie-cver this hap( ens, the l:ile will eat the Bie.ul oi the 1 i 'llllrlo'.!^ and
thnfe Men bf iit tl.c IIe..d ol' a Society, who i^re fneinies to Sieiitv, in Pi.-ofiee at le, il, ii i(>t ni
Prineiple. And now lit nie !i,.ve Le.ive to afli, Wherein the Mm who belters his priv.i.e Fjriune,
without adv-nciiig the ijt.ck ol the Publick, is bolter th.iu a Cuiuller "

XVI

7hc I A' r A' /) V cr 10 n.

and move more than Precept?.

one

But EvamiMts arc better underllcoci, and move more than I'rcccpt^ Let us look Abroad then for
Umight be inconvenient to look at Home. The State ot Ccma was once a moft rich and

fmcc

■ ' r\„\ n,..M,Wirk noflcliinc iariic to ci"n Doniinions, and (Modigidus Wealth in her own Coffers ;
i; w" hi t! cnub cd £ Sul^^^ to bu.ld and plant, lb as I e^labhlh. in tl,e moft barren Part ot
J/ A 1 cltv wh"cli is ftill delV vcdiy Hilcd Gawa the Proud. But ho^v did the acqt.uc her ^ Icets,
^D:^:u^:^^h^^^cs> IfldookintoherH-aory wenuHfind. by the very fatnc Me-
thod tiiat thdc Blcfl-iPRS xvcrc acquired, and may be acquired m other Countries tliat is to fay. by
I uUilhv and Trade. But is flic now polTeircd of them ? Alas! No; Jrom iKing tlie grcateft fhc is
of laT become the moft contemptible State in Eur»f>f. And how has this Change been wrought ? By
for-Lttinc her true Intereft, by luffcring the Wealth her Trade had produced, to corrupt the Manners
ot lier People by running into Luxury and Idlewfs, by entering into cndlcfs Negotiations, and
fruitlcfs Allianc'cs -. and finally, by thefc two fatal Steps, dealing in Money inllcad ot Goods, her Mcr-
chant. • becoming Bankers, and preferring Funds and negotiable Debts to Manutafturcs and ftaple
Comm^ities; by neglcding her natural naval Strength, and depending upn her Allies } by engaging
in other Peoples Qiiarrels, and thereby wafting her own Strength, and by prctcrnng tlic pcinic.ous
Arts of Politicks to the noble and generous Arts of Commerce: Such have been the Caufcs oJ her
Fall ; and may her Fall prove a Warning, not a Precedent !

I call t' e Arts of Commerce noble and generous, bccaufe they extend to all Mankind. If we draw
Gold and Spices from warmer Climates, we carry them Things more valuable, bccaufe more ulcful.
What is it that conftitutes the Splendor and Luxury of Mexico and Lima, but the richcft Cummodi-
ties, and the finefl Manufadlurcs oi Europe ; and what renders opulent tliole Countries which furnifli thcfc
Commoditi'.s and Manufadurcs, but the Silver of Mexico, and the Gold of P<t«? IJocs not that
Change in Point of Cultivation, Magnificence in Building, and great Incrcafc in Slipping, which,
within thefc two lall Ages, has happened in the old World, arife tioin the Difcovcry of the new ? Wliy
then do wc not purfue this Track r Why not profecutc new Difcovcrics, at Icaft, why not enlarge our
Commerce by the Invention of new Branches? The common Anfwer is, becaufe the Thing is im-
pofliblc. Idle, ridiculous, and impious Affcrtion ! Have wc not Wool ; have we not Cloth -, are there
not naked Nations enough in the World, who would gladly be covered ; and was there ever a Nation
yet found, that wanted Cloaths, and at the fame Time wanted wherewithal to pay for them.

The Negroes on the burning Coaft of Africa, have Ivory and Gold ; the Inhabitants ot the frozen
Coafls of Iludfon'i Bay, fend us Furs and Skins. The very Laplanders pay for what they want, and ■
confequently, the more Wants any People have, the more it concerns us to find them out ; befides. is
rot this falling back to the Errors of the Antients? Did m^t they fancy the fame Thing, and were
not they miftaken ? Should not this put us upon a different Condud, furely it ought. Wc have Com-
modities, wc have Manufadures, we have Shipping, we have Seamen, we have Merchants, wl'at can
wc polTibly want, if we hav« the Will to employ thofe as wc ought ? Methinks I hear Ibnic nioJcrn
Sceptick cry. This is very fine, indeed > but where, which Way fhall wc fearch ; wouhl you have u«
Freight and Man our Ships, and then turn then a-dtift, in Hopes that Chance may bring them to
fome new World ? No. the following Sheeu will Ihew, that the Means oi Finding are very well
known ; that the Methods of extending Commerce are natural and eafy, and which is more, in a
Manner ceruin i fo that there is no need of employing Chance, the very Skill wc have, will do the Bufi-
nefs. It may, indeed, be rcquifite to remove ill-judged Prohibitions, and to break down illegal Ex-
clufions, illegal, bccaufe the Terms upon which they were granted, have not been complied with j
thefc may be, and indeed will be rcquifite, and therefore they ought to be done.

Wc fee in a Time of War, what Encouragement for Privateering has produced, and can any rea-
fonablc Man doubt, that in Time of Peace, like Encouragements would not produce as ftrong a Spirit
of Difcovery ; moft certainly they would. Let us maintain Trade, and there is, no doubt, that Trade
will maintain us. Let our paft Miftakcs teach us to be v-fc, let our prefcni Wants and DifBcultics
revive our anticnt Induftry. Let the Perufal of this Collcaion excite our Hopes, and difpel our Fcari
and then the prefcnt Age may become as much the Admiration, as it is now in Danger of bccomine
the Scorn of Poftcrity. Wc want not Capacity, wc want not Power; but wc want Will, and thcr«s
fore wc want Vigour ; let us fupply this Deficiency, and all will be well. In fine, let us defervc. and
we flu I certainly fuccced ; for that divine Maxim will be found true in worldly as well as fpiritual Af-
fairs, If ve fearcb, -we Jkail J.nd ; tf ux krack, it wH bt opened, ^ 3

•i

Thi

• <

Sir

TABLE

ia- 3 .1 a A i

rx/i

,i,;jwi: -J -■ '- "^ •■"';■

THE

Table of CONTENTS

.:'"•' . ■■■' ■

OF THE

FIRST VOLUME.

CHAP. I.

ly rea-

Spirit

Trade

Acuities
Feari,

boming
thcre-

|e, and
ilAf-

HLE

7^^ History o///5^CIRCUM-NAVIGATORS.

., . • . .'I '

Page ' Page

SECT. I.

SECT. VIII.

■^HE Superiority of the >Todcrns, over the The Voyage of George Spilbergen, in Quality

Ancients, in the Art of Navigation ; ex- of Admiral of fix Dutch Ships round the

plained, and the Caufes of that Supcri- World. - . . •-' 44

ority aiiigned. l "^

S E C T. II. ,

Tlic Voyage of Don Chrijiopher Columbus.

SECT. III.

SECT IX.

The remarkable Voyage of William Cornclifon
Schouten of Horn, and y agues le Maire round
the World, by a newPaffage into the South-
Seas, c I

The Voyage of Ferdinand Maglianes, or Magel-
lan, Iroin the South-Seas to the Eaji-Indies, 6

SECT. IV.

Tiic- Voyage of Sir Francis Drake round the
Cilobe. 14

SECT. V.

Sir Tfoi/iiis CartdiJJj, or Qivendijb's Voyage round
the Globe. 22

SECT. VI.

The Voyage of Oliver Van Noort (the firft at-
tempted by the Dutch) round the World. 3 1

SECT. VII.

The Rcmarkablcsof ("apt;iin Sibald de IVecrt to
the South-Sens and the Strciglits of Magellan,
intciuicd as a Svipplcmciit to the former Sec

SECT. X.

The Voyage of Don Pedro Fernandez de ^iros
for the Difcovery of the Southern Continent
and Iflands. 63

S E C T. XI.

The Voyage of the Nafau Fleet round the
Globe, under the Command oijaques le Her-
mit e. 66

SECT. XII.

Captain Cowley's Voyage round the World, yj

SECT. XIII.

Captain IVilliam Danjpier'$ firft Voyage round
the World, coUcfted from his own Account.

SECT. XIV.

tK)M.

Numb. 6r/.

36 Captain William Dampier'i \''oyage to AV^c-

f Ho!-

Table of C O N T E N T S.

coanu.

Page PjI_

Holland, md New-Guinea, from his own Ac- tiviiy, by Way of Appendix to t?ie foruS

112 Sc^ion.

340

SECT. XV.

SECT. XX.

The Voyage of fViliiam Funnel round the
World, as Mate to Capuin lyUliam Dam-
pier. 13 ,

SECT. XVI.

The Voyage of Captain WooJfs Rogers, in tlic
Duke, and Captain Stephen Courtney in the
Dutcbeji, round the World. ijo

SECT. XVIJ.

The Voyage of Captain Jokn Qipperton round
the World, from an authentick Journal. 184

SECT XVIII,

Captain George Sbehock's Voyage round the
World, Irom his own Account. inji

SECT. XIX.

Captain Bcta^h'i Obfcrvations on the Country
of Peru, and its Inhabitants, during his Cap-

An Account of Commodore Rc^ru-ein'i Exik-
dition, with three Ships, for tin. Dilcovcry of
the Southern Lands, under the Dire<flion of
the Dutch If'eji-Ifuta Coiujuny, from an
original Journal. 2c6

SECT. XXI.

The Voyage and Shipwreck of Captain Francis
Pfllart in the Batavia, on the Coart of Nrw-
UoilanJ, and his (iicccctlinf; Adventures. From
the Colkdtion of M. Ihevenot. 320

SECT. XXII.

The \'oyage of Captain Mel Jafifcn Tafv^tirf
tor the Difcovcry of a Southern Coiiruncv by
Direction of the Dutch Kali-haia Company
Taken tiom his original journal. xz\

SECT xxin.

An Account of the Fx|^dition of George Anf:,?,,
I'fqj in the Centurion, as Comiuo,h)rc of' \
Squadron of Bntijh Ships, round iljc World.

J37

C H A P T E R II.

Comprehending the Difcovcry, Settlement, and Commerce of the Eaft-Indies.

SECT. \.

N Account of the Nature and Importance
of this Defign, with a regular Plan of
this Part of the Work. 369

SECT. II.
The Hiflory of In^ia in the earlieft Ages. 373

SECT. III.

^the^::;^iS'"^in«''cP,andsof
fon,eAccoun;sK?;ofi.f"'"' ^^- ^3"'^

SECT. IV.

Of the Indian Commerce under the Perjusn Em-

380
SECT. V.
An cvaft Account of Alexander', Conqneft of the
^-A.-; t"lP'.^^. ^'"d '"ore particularly o hi

ttded t^'^''"T' "'1 '^' ^-'•cq-ncc 1 in-
tended to have drawn from thence. .g^,

SECT. VL

^«;uptheP.ry{^«Guloh. for the Difcovery of
the Coafts. and their Inhabiunu. ^^o

SECT. vn.

The Hiftory of Sd-ucid.r Kiogs

Indian Cojiqucfh.

SECT.

Kmgs of .?vr/V;, who
der'i
409

VIIL

H I, ,r 1 •''' ^'"'^ K'"Pi'«^ i" Egypt un.
dcr, he /-../.«,.,, The EftlblirtunSfof he
Indun C.mnjcrcc- at Alexandria, and 'he Con!

!.y the i^L';?''""'^'^-^'^'.'-- Province

4'3

made .„ Cunfcqucncc of this Com,ncrce. 425

SECT. X.

^'c'r;r[.tj^^''r°^%^'.»-«"r,h.

Einnir,- .., '''• "" 'f'c Scat of the

SEC 7 .

v^P
'^.'S

The

Table of CONTENTS.

240

SECT. XI.

)Vfry of
40 o

pt, un-

of the

It Con-
RcJiic-

lii

rovintc

4«3

•

icd on

.'f

IC /Jo-

lt, the

<\^

■'t-

ovtrics

• 425

of ih«

>-V--^6

rou^h

^ 1^8

Df the

Con-

435
CT.

■^

v'«S

An Account of the Religion, Government, Laws,
Cuftoms, and Manners of the Indians, as they
are recorded in the Works of ancient Au-
thors. 442
SECT. XII.

The Learning, Difcipline, Offices, Manner of
Living, and Privilcdgcs of the Brachmam, in-
cluding alfo an Accourjt of their peculiar Doc-
liincs in Theology and Divinity. 449

SECT. XIIL

Of the Land-animals in the Eafl-Indies, as def-
cribcd by ancient Authors, compared with|mo-
dcrn Writers, and fomc Remarks upon both.

4J8
SECT. MV.

An Account of the moft remarkable Fi(h and
Fowl in the Eajl-Indiis, as dcfcribed by anci-
ent and modern Authors, with proper Obfer-
vations and Remarks. 479

SECT. XV.

An Account of the Defcription left us by the An-
cients of the eaftern and northern Parts of the In-
dies, the Notions they had of their Riches, to-
gether with an Enquiry into the Reafons which
hindered their extending their Difcovcrics on
that Side 493

SECT. XVI. ,

A concife Hiftory of the Rife, Progrefs.and De-
cline of the Conjlantinopolttan Empire, together
with the Commerce of its Subjeds in the Eaji.
As alfo a brief Dct«il of the Rife of the Ara-
bian Empire, the Recovery of the Indian Com-
merce in Egypt, and the reviving the Trade of
yliexandria. 504

SECT. xvn.

An Account of the feveral Paffages to the Indies,
botli by Sea and Land, that have been attempt-
ed, dilcovercd, or pradtifed by the Ancients. 514

SECT. xvm.

An Account of the Travels of two Mohammedans
through India and China, in the ninth Century

52»
SECT. XIX.

The Travels of Rabbi Benjamin, the Son of Jonas
of Tudela, through Europe, A; a and Africa,
from Spain to China, from the Year of our
Lord 1 160, to 1 173, from the Latin Verfions
of Benedif} Arias Montanus, and Conjlantine
fEvipereur, compared wilh other Traiiflations,
into ditfcrcnt Languages. 546

SECT. XX.

The remarkable Travels of IViiliam de Ruhuquis,
a Monk, fcnt by Lwis IX. King of trance.

Page Page

commonly ftilcd St. Louis, Ambaflador into
different Parts of the E,aJ{, particularly into
Tartary and China, A. D. 1253, containing
AbundanceofcuriousParticulan- ••elating to thofe
Countries, written by the Ambaflador, and
addreflcd to his Royal Maflcr King Louis. 556

SECT. XXI.

The curious and remarkable Voyages and Travels
of Marco Polo, a Gentleman of Venice, who,
in the middle of the thirteenth Century, pafled
through a great Part of AJia, all ihi Domini-
ons of the 'Tartars, and returned Home by Sea,
through the Iflands of the Ea/i-Indies, taken
chiefly from the accurate Edition of Riimu/io,
compared with an original Manufcript in his
Pru/Jian Majefty's Library, and with mofl: of
the Tranflations hitherto publillicd. 593

SECT. xxn.

A fuccindl Hiftory of the Empire of the Great
Mogul, from its Foundation by the Great Tar-
tar Conqueror T'imur-Bcc, or Tamerlane, to
the prcfent Times, taken chiefly frotii the ori-
ginal Writers. 629

SECT. xxin.

A compleat Hiftory of the Rife and Progrcfs of
the Portugueze Empire in the Ea/l-Indies, their
Difcoveries fet forth in their natural Order, the
Form of their Government in thofe Parts ex-
plained, the Caufe of the Declenflon of their
Power examined, and the prefent Pofture of
their Affairs in this Part of the World tru-
ly ftated, coUeded chiefly from their own
Writers. 66a

SECT. XXIV.

The Voyage of Francis Pirard de Laval to the
Ea/l-Indies. Hisfliip-wreck amongft the Mal-
dives, and his copious Account of that Archi-
pelago, tranflated from the Author's original
Voyage, publifhed by himfelf in French. 701

SECT. XXV.

The Expedition of Commodore Beaulieu to the
Eaji-Indies, containing a faithful and accurate
Defcription of the Sea-Coafts, and Commerce,
as alfo Abundance of curious Obfcrvations on
the Manners of the People, the Nature of
their Governments, and the Means of efla-
blifhing Colonies among them, written bv M,
Beaulieu himfelf, and publifhed by M. The^^erot,
in his large CoUedion of Voyages. 7 1 7

SECT. XXVL

The Remarks and Obfervations made by John
Albert de Mandelfloe, in his Paflage from the
Kingdom of Perjia, through feveral Countries
of the Indies, tranflated from the Original,
written by himfelf. 7^9

SEC T.

T A n 1. 1- oi

SECT, xxvii.

C O N

K NTS.

P.it^e

The rcmai:)in; Vovagtscf jchyl'fi'' «/<_• -V./'/-
,/,'//7rc tlui'u-li (he Ihlies, intliiiiing; liis Dcl-
cr'iptioiisot C.nintrits, liilloiicil Riiivuks up-
on levcral N.aions anii li> Obiciv.iti -i.'. on the
Coinnicrcc ot the Po't:.pi\'<; Ei^ip a^A
l'utd\ at th.it Tiim-, tr.inllitct tr(Mii t'lc Au-
thor's orijjii-.al Voyage, wri:;cn hy hiinliil. -j J

SECT. XXVIII.

A fiipplcmrn'al Accriint (il the Coinm:idiiicsanil
Manul.Kiuics .iiiii Proiiucc ot tlic levcral Coun-
tries 1)1 the /'..//li, to[!cther wit'n Reniar';'! im
tlic Natuic .Mul \',ilue or tli.it T adc in rclJKvt
t) Eui(f<\ lioni the VVoiks ot Jckn luiftili
'lavertiitr. ■ ■.-. ^^°

SECT. XXIX.

An Account of tiie liiftercnt R-nits to nil the !:rcat
Cities and chit. t Mails in the /K</.<r, the Man-
licr in wh:u) the iloindUck Comm'.rce ot that
Coiiiitry IS carried on, thcSi.^tc ot it- Manufac-
tures, and other curious Particulars, taken
Iroin the Works rf .M. 'Jtt\(rntcr. 825

SECT. XXX.

The Conclnli.-n o' tl.c Remarks .ind Ohfcrva-
ti'.ns of M. '/• Ii:-'/''-/l 'Tii-,crritcr, in his Tra-
vels tliroug.'i the /W.-V/, ti ;',etiicr wiut his Ac-
count of the 7)/'/t/.' Settli-iiicnts and ot liis
Voyage on 15>ard a Dufcb Siiip, iroin lii!-
tavia to /iwrc/.-, wtiticu by hinilcll, loon af-
t.r hio Rcta.il, 842

SECT. XXXI.

Obrerxntion"; and Remarks made during hib Refi-
dence on the Illind nf Cl:t;h:v, on the Coall
of China, by Dr. yaina Cunningham, Phvfi-
cian to the kngli/h Factory at that Place, Iroin
his own Accimnts.

SECT. XXXIl.

A fuccinc^ Ace unt of ilu- Adventure-- of Mr. /r/.'-
litim ylJiim;, an Eng/iJI.nhi'i, who rcfuitd ma-
ny Years in the Empire ot Japan, and was the
Pcif-n who induttii both the Engli/h and
ilie Dutip to trade tliither, collected "as well
from his own Letters, as Portugueze aiij Duttb
Writers. 856

SECT. XXXllI.

t' e Inl, .bifants ct (htU lirU.an and the i'co-
ple in the I'.iif.'-I'itliii, containinj; likcwilc
a coiiipK.ii llilb'v of tin- i'.h'l !n,li,i {. «inip.i-
p.inv, lioiu IIS E:rvtu)ll under (|i^icn /•!..•;-,;.

hrtb of glorious Mtmoiy, .iiui ot the liver,.!
Altiiitioiis that !i ive been iiuJ'j therein, ilowu
ti) ti'.epiclciit lUijn. 87 j

SECT. XXXIV.

A lurciiid llili ry of the Rile, I*ro;.;rcfsand Eft.i-
blidiment I't the Du.'cl' Ea/i-lrJ-.r Company,
W'th a Vi:w of the immeiile Pr fits arifing
ir m that Commerce, an i ■* Prof|H<tt ot their
AlTair-:, and the .Manner in winch tlu-y are
condudtul, as well at Home, as in their cxten-
five Settlemenrs .Abroad, tollcLied chiefly Iroin
their o.\n Writers. 924

SECT. XXXV.

The Iliftnry of tlic Fifmb Ea/i- India C.impa-
ny, Irom its tirft Original, together with a
clear and concile Account oi t!ic fcvtial Alte-
r.tioi.s it has nn.ieigitic, ind a tu 1 an*! plam
Dc'cri(ti"n of ,tii prcknt CircumOarccs, at
Houu iiid A!)rcud; inteil'perkd with foni. cu-
lious Rtinaiks on the Nature ot the Eremb
Government, when tb.c !'< wers thcrcot lomc
to operate \i\fm Trade, cu.lcdtcd entirely Ironi
Itcnt-b Writers. 949

SECT. XXXVI.

A fuccinft, but compUat lliflory of the Rife,
Progrcis and Supprtllion ot the /w/ifrn;/ Com-
jiany ot the I di:s, cil;d>lilljcd at Ojiend, by
the late I.mpcror ilarln VI. collected troin
pfiv.itc Memoirs, as well ao publick Hitlorics,
and AdU of State. 965

SECT. XXXVII.

The Hiftory ot the Danijl Comtnercc to tht
Eaji-Indits, their Etlablilhinents there, the
Decay of their old Company, and the Mo-
tives which induced them to let up a new one,
intcrfpcrfed with original Papers and Memoirs.

SEC T. XXXVIII.

A ruccin([\ lliftory of the Su;-diP> r^li- India
Company ; including an Extra^: '. iric Royal
Charter. 980

An hilloricai Account of the Intcrcourfc between CONCLUSION.

983

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NcFvigantium atque Itinerantium Bibhotheca.

Or, A Complete Collection of

VOYAGES and TRAVELS.

B O O K I.

Aii Account of the Circum-Navigations of the Globe, and of
the Difcoveries of the Eafl and Wefl Indies,

c H A p. I.

The HISTORY of the C i r c u m - N a v r g a t o r s.

S E C T I O N I.

The perftcJ Kn ivkJgt of the Glohe due to Modern In-juirics. i. Reafons "why the Navigation of the
Jntit-nts icas imptrfdl. 3. -They kne'ji not -^'ith Cftainty the Figure of the Earth. 4. Vndtrjlood
yljfroK'.my but ivdiffrrently. 5. And loere ignorant of thi IJfe of the Needle. 6, The Moderns have
oiu-rome all thefe Dijficultie!. 7. Many of them have fur rounded the Globe. 8. IntroduSlion to the
IliJIory of thef Clrcum- navigations, y. Our Ke.'Jo/isfor including thut of Columbus in t/jeir Ninil/er.

■ 1 1 EacniratcKnowlcilgeofthisGlob^
of Karth and Water <n genera!, and
of many of its Parts in particular, is
owing to tlic fujjcrior Skill of tlic
Moderns in Matliematical Sticntes,
and (.uglit tlnrrctore to bo conlidercd
M oru: of the nobkll Trophies of
tlic ForLi" of human llndcrllanil-
in|T-, I mean with ref^icd^ to Realising right u\xm Principles
one e laid down, iiowi vcrtlu)!'.' I'rint iplcs niiglubi.' difcovtred
by Accident, or by I'hou^ht. I would not be underrtood
to iiifiniiatf any thing f.) the Frtjudiic of thole anticnt
Sii;is, who may with great JuRice be ftiled the Fathers
of Science i but only allert a IVuth which may be incon-
tflhilily proved, that the Glory of dilcovenng the ter-
ra(]ucous GIoIk, and bringing Navigation ahiioll to Pcr-
ffdtion, is due to the Moderns.

;. It is dear, that the Antient=; wore under an abfolute
Incapacity ol m.iking ^rear nifcovetiis by Sea for many
Rtalons biit p.irticularly Icr thclc Three ; Firit, That
liicy had no jull Notion ( i tiie I igi:rc of the I'.art!* ; Se-
condly, Thty were v;ry iniiilKrent Afironomcrs, ef[)ecially
with regard to tl;e practical P.u^t tf that Scici.ce ; and.
Thirdly, Thiy were able to make no Voyages (.f Con-
fequeiri :■ lor want nf knowing tlic wonderluhiiiei-'tive Pro-
perty of the Loaililor.c-.

3. \\ ith r J'pett to the Figure of the I'.arth, alniofl; every
emineiu I'hilofophcr w.is ot a dillerent O,:inioii : -Tbales
the Father ot the <j>;t/(: Piiilofopliy b;luvjd, that it floated
upon :1k- W.t.r lik-j a BjwI 1 and .iiuixinuihUr v.oi.Kl have
it, th.ii It r.lembied a Column or Scone PilJ.sr ; Dciiioaitus,

N !■ MB. 1.

otiicrwife a very great Man, thought it h(j!low, like a Dilli ;
and Jnaximenes taught, that it was flat, like a Table, and
fuflainjd by the inlerior Air. Lcucifpus de.tnbed it as
approaching nearelt the Figure of a Drum. In fuccecding
'limes, I^.lantius and Au^ujhnc thought the Earth infi-
n;:;!y extended downw.irds, grounding this Notion upon
the Sciiptures, or rathtr feeking Afliflance from them, in
Su[)port of their Opinion. It is mofl evident from this
Diverlity of Sentimtnts, that they could draw no jult Con-
dulions, eitluT as to the Parts of it that were then undif-
covered, or of the Means of difcovering them ; in onier
to which, nothing was lb nc-cefi'ary as having true Notions
as to the Figure of the Earth, or at leail liich Notions as
came near the Truth.

4. In TLgard to Ailronomy, they were likcwlfe much at a
Lois. Ilippanhtis w;is the firlf who made aCataL>^ucof the
fixed Stars, and he fluuriihed about 1 50 Years before Cbrijl.
.'\bout 300 Years afterwari'-; the fuiious Ptolemy correitcJ
his Tables and eftablilhed a Syftem which lalUd many
hundred Years, though there were great Errors in his Cal-
culations i which were in part reifitied by the t.inious Tycho
Brabe, who tiourillud not much above 100 Years ago. I
lay nothing of Liter Difcuverits, becaiife t ;ey have been
made by th- I lelp of the Telcfcope, an lailiuir.cnt as
little kno\\n to -lycho Brabe as to Hipparchus; and yet the
fi'rmei has lu t been found to err muih above Two Miiiutes,
( ven by the belt modern Aftronom^rs w\m-^:KHippaiebus
olLcn tailed Iialfa Degree in Longitude and Latitude i and
(Very I ody knows how far tuch Iinpcrfc.'llo.ii inuft afiiC;^
that science, when ipplied to Navigat.on.

B c Euc

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Hook

1 '

«. B'ffhf ('rrit ImtHiinium oldu- ariitnt N4vii>n<m
W.I-, the not bf I 't; a'.iK- t) li>lvc th.U lunlLiy I'n'l l-ni, ilv
hii-iingin any t'Ut iho 1. ur C4r,;i. al To'iif, .•.n.ilUili
ir.tamriiaic on-sai wcro nrcdliiry, ^nUwt <!> m", *»i<''.
it Wis fimply imp'.tliblc to Uil t.ir. N iw tlic Aniun;- li.i I
110 r it.iin w.»y to tiiul thi' Nnili aiul Soutli l'«'ii«"« 4« "7
timr, amithcTcror.'»Uiill not frnll lli inUlvrMnto tlw wiJc
()>;in, hilt cuaili\l otily .iL-i^; tlu- .s:>or«,tlut ih-y nu^ht
by liimc M^iu k.\o^ w.urc tlicy w>rj-. In the I lay uim-
thty WW. it'll- t.. liivltlic \..rtli.inlS<Hith, or .i Mai.lian
I iiu-, by tKi' Siin'i Uiliiu; un.! S.itin,; k anl U full', tins ih y
li.i.l tlvrt.! oth.^; NKthoJ>. i. By tli.' Sut;M Ninht.iurtiai-
l.irly tli'.l.ittle Ik'or, .ind tlu' Star iii its Tail, lallnl tin; l'«>lc
M.ir, wliith w.iMiuKh t.um! with Aiuiniiity. .iiu! Hxii
to lliL'w tlinn til- North, .ir.v! thin i>y jll th.otlui I'l'ints .
t.^r, tijininj; thii; 1 .Uf t > i!. the \ .i\\ w,is ivi tlir Kii;ht,
the Will on tlu- l,<lt, ami the South btbiii.l ; an. I thiy
iioii a Cirile with the I'oints m it. .irnl, Umum^ t!»c
North aivl Suutli WfW. to thv Mriiilun I. me, the nth r
i'oii ts were li-en at once. Aiiotlur Millunl thty luil wx<
by knowing the Sitiutioii ul liir .Shores, .uiil i.t one I'ro-
montory itoni .uiotlier i tor when oiu I'onu w.v^ thus
known, eiilier troni the M.ips or l.y ()l)li;v.ii;..n .iiul
Expcr.eiia-, they louli! in .S.nlint; timl the rrft ; hii: ihtn
they coukl not l'i> t.ir ironi the .Slu)ri>, which ilirtCle,! tliein
ajfo thefp Fonts i ti-r tliey couKI not at all iiiiu . iifc the
.Sun a:-,ii .Stirs lor th.it liul. A thiril Mitho,! th-.y wlul
was by obl/rvin^; tlu I'uii ts they hai! run in -, !or ki<twin(;
how they nrtl I'.irede.i the .Ship, aiul how ni iih they
turnel jp.un their Coiiir- Iroiti that I'oint. tluy knew th ■
other IViius. ! rom whence the Kealon apji uj oI tlitir
itnjterfid and d.mt;en)uj Sailini; i v/;. th^ir not knowing
the i'onits i:i the wiJ;' On .in, lo as to tell l-.n* t<j tU.r.
This tliinl Metho.!, by oblrrvini; tlK .Shi|.'s C'ihuI •, is ct
no I'lc w!i'-n the Ship u turnixl to a great nuny I'omf; by
the Viulcnee of the \Vi;'.',ls ami Waves. Sin h wire tluir
Methods ot limiing the .Meruiian Line, whic . wire lb mi-
ferfcrt, th.H tlvyiiiirll never trull themleiv.s in the vail
CXeani ami ihtrtlort it r noWumicr ih.it tliry never knew
.■hntriia.

6. Thefe Ocfe^ls are .i!I remcilied. ami many other Ail-
vantagis gaineJ, by the App!ie.itiun nt thai womierhil
I'roperty in t!ie l.'^iirtune, ot turning its I'oles nearly to
the North i\K\ South. This cimMcs the Mariner to llecr
boldly, ojui wiili Certainty, to ijuit the oKl Mcthoil ol
coalhny, and to loree a I'-iflage to th-.' nvA liilbnt Parts
ot the (ilobe, by the fliort'll and I'lX'e lull Way iniayiiialile.
Hv th.le Helps the Pcrtuguej}, id the IJeguuung ot the
Iiitcenth t'entuiy, matic proili|^iuvi'- Diliovenes towards
the Lart, ajui thereby give .i Ik-guinii.g to tint Series ot
^*oyages and TravrK, by wliirh the Work! in t^encral, and
fvei7 conl'ideiabN- Portion ol it in partiiular, have ken
fought out ar. 1 ileferilK-d. Ironi whriicc it piaii.'-; ap-
ptars, that a'l i'.iiLs of tiic CiluN- di\: inhabited •, diat there
i". r.of th.1t mighty Dilprojortion iKtwem the (Quantities ol
L-ind and Watir, wliu ii there w.ls formerly luppoled to
be i uiid that tlie I'rodu 's ot the Torrid uiid 1- rigid Zones

,irc t.\t!i( r mote luh and vahublf than ihoi'i oi tfini»erau

ll.IiUlls. .. , , ,

-. In lp..ikingi)r tin- gre.it Mm by wl.otn, ami yf f',r
I, Viral Nltl.i s bywhiiii, i!i i' Diimv. ,if-, |,.ive h».-i'
male, it !•. bi;t |ii I lo giM the Ciiuitii iuv,|;afi>rs thr lull
I'Uei lir etii. Ainiil tfie r V. yjges w..n;cncra!, fi»vt^
relation to die W liol , nA mikini* U» lenlil-lr, tl:at «« t:.'
new .syitem v^ns lu'jiiy r..»loi.al)!e in 1 huory, ( > ihe Ke.j
tbnini;. desloicd Ironi* it wne calily tedti.i.l ly I'larie.
I h.' lour «)l tilt \No:'d J. emu to In- or.e oj the lubbiri It
l.ntir|'ri/.ts vsitliiiitlie LniiipaKot Ittin an \L«r.ity i a .d, i;
It tould h.tsr liiui .I'll 1. vil III Ixim.i Age*, vsoiild lu>e
btcii .ikbiatid III a iiuiiiur worthy the Uiiiatakimj l.\
the (.'f.v* .iiid /*/ '/ Wrifis.

Hut, a» It was nut, it teems tu i.i|iMi- in a p-micira--
iiLiimr ourtai/ a^>l Atiauiur, iipeiiilly linie wc ar<*
li.riulli.d with abiindai.ie ot ai.ihentk Hriatiui.<, whul,
I'ully I luble tsto ihtw licw ihu unit lkn\\n\ wai Jirt^ mn-
tene.l , !i w tai i.iriitd iiito T.Vs u'.io.i bf, ti'.e lull ||.
viiitor , liow It wav atii.is*a!vls i-iol.-iute.l. u:.: wlut addi
tioiial i)ili«>vcnM havi brtii iiiailt by eaili luiivedii.^-
CiiiuiiMiasit'atipr

,^. r;iisl.einb tok'tlie mo;e iri]uifitr, bet .«i!'c hithirto,
notsMihIlinding tlie runi'.'Ous Coliiflionj s^c luve, tliae
b.is ncvir yet U-en .my loki.ibie .Am^iiit #u'ii ot t/n,
Matter, lay, I ihmk it tn.iy be lafrly afflitind. tlut tlieic
niver »,in lonuiih a« an liuieavoui luadeol tins Kind, at
le.ill !B that Kxt nt in whuh we projxile it. l-or our In
tuition I* to give a tueeinil .Xetoiint ot all the Ciieuni-
iiavijVit^'ns, ol whiiii liit^iui.t Memoirs t.m hr priKiiiei!,
trom the very tirll .Attempt I'ovsn to the i uteni I llllc^,
il.i'mg-iJhing the Caules, Coi le^uemrs, ajwl nn.ft mteicll-
ingLiruinillanus in eveiy \uyage, and |H<iiiting out the
Itvcial Impioveincnts in tin* natural Order ot Time in
wlihh they (Kiurrcd, t.iki,,g i.otue ahij ot wliat yt
remains to 1h' ivitorm'd by (uh as the Iruiuftry, Sim el's,
and Fame ol others may tnlj>iie with a generous Thiril ol
|-,mii!atuin.

9. In order to thii, we are next to tprak of that illullrious
Ci-HcrJ}, who tirrt lramt\l an Mea ol th^- I'oHUiility ol th*
thing ; and then torn:ed lo many lull and |nwcrtul .\tixu-
mei.ti i:\ Supjiort ol his Notion, as brought over to li.s
Opinion the moll able and I arnnl Men ol his Time, tvui
beiore he had demontlrated by his full .Attempt, that it
was nut -joilible only, but piaifticable -, and tlus too in
lp:g!it ot the many I'lriudurs tliat were railed agaiiitt it
In treating ot liis I'rojeil, .wul ol the I'ains it loH l.ini
hxtore he lould engage any ot tlir I'riiiecs ot Cl>rijhn.ii,m
to enable him to un.lcitakt the I'.xetiitiim ct it, wc (hail
infill more largely , kiaule, though it is a Story tli.it ho.-.
been oltrii told, yet arc there m.tny LiriumllaiKcs relatinr^
toil, wliuh liase Ikui hitheito lo impcrteClly reprcleiit'i!.
as to take much trom tlie Merit ot that great Man, whole
Steadiinf, and lelitity in performing, wire not more ad-
mirable tlun hik Wildom and I'encti.mon ui contriving, lo
gl(;rioi,i ail Aitimi.

s K c r I o N n.

Tl}e Voya'^ii of D o s C n k i s r o i- 11 t r (> o l t m u u s.

•fir i-./v./Vv i!!:.J(:i.:nirlr of Col'.iinbn';. 2. Tl.r Storia foU lo lis PrfjuJicfh thf Spaniards. ■?. I'lu'h
l..i:f'.l. ; . ...;.. 1.:. !._.■ n . ;. . .1 . t^^rn V ,.. .' .. ^ ., . . -^

4
K

... ...,..._. .■„.,. .111.,, jf ..^.^i.iiiii.ii-. i. I i.i Lii'jr It > iJiii I'J VI) r r rjiian r py irr syaniiiTan, ■^, itiiii

!:irh rrjutc tLjt- C^lumniii, .nul prove his Proj.il to /v //■<• EffU of SttiJv rather tLm Informatiot,.
, 7?.7.<7r',/ Av //vflciKK-le, and iijtcriciirth Av //<■ AV'.'j ^7 I'ortu^al, y. Vropofi'd to, itnJ (icCif*-i{ h\\
..V/;^ lleiiry WX. '4 iMi-land, tha^^h t,'> lati. 6. CoIuihImis I'Auiti tl.rir Laibclic Mujcllia. 7. 'V-^-
many Ditfuultin he met 'd:ith bejore hit Propo/lih vcc ticoptfJ. 8. IL unJtrtahs his Fir/l A'cv,.'^.- :n
fie Aaiunm of 14.^2. 9. His Cre-J h.\'..'ne mutinous, nn.l 6/>/r:;e him to promi/e to return, //, in Three
Dint, theydmrjvernoLind. 10. llis /Irrreal in one of t'.e^ Ijlands ijlledlAKnyM. 11. &//A from
t''eme to Cub.i. ic. A'.-,/r;;i to Spain ; lis R,xeptiontl:cre, and fultfe'fuent Vosaget. 13. The dinfes of
hisTrouhles. 14. Hn Fourth roya-e. Return, Viage, and Decenfe, Mav 20'. 1506. "if. Remarks en
I.HS Conduff, and the remark.ihU Story of C'ulumbusr Iv-'^. ,6. Jln ormn.il Dejign mij/.iien, or over-
lookd, unti/ revii-ed and /•ro/eeuted />y Icrdiiiand Mi^ell.iii.

' ■ Oi''^"''^'"' ^'; '''!'"''" '\ '"■• ^^ '■■•" ■'^P''"--'^rJs rail him, or tlie I'ljrc where he was born, they coukl not U- cxai'Uy

f^/9^wasdtlcemledoi.inanticmlainilym the'Jer- detrrn.incd by his Son Don lerdmaud, who wrote In-.

ritory ol the Stntc ot Gf .-.-.t. Hu: as to the Tunc when, Life, u; d thcrcloie it would be Time loll lor ui lo inciui.e

.about

Chap. I.

C H R I S T O r fl I R C O 1. U M B U S.

alwut llirnK We ftwll roiuciu oiirlelvp* thrirl )io with
r timg "lown only t<rf.i.Mtic< ^ amon;^ wdiKIi we nuy
rrtkon ihe I'.i' K t«illuwiii(; \ 'I'luf he li.ul an i.iily I'.iil on
tor the .Sc.i, ftiulicil NiViy.itifJM with ilio utiimll Imlnftry,
ami brgtn both to triilc, aiul make Chart* lor SctSorvicf,
when he wan very ynuim. The lanio <il tho Voriunuffr^
tor thrir Skill in Maritime Alt.nr*, hrought him to thifc
I'.irti ; where he nurricil, Icttled, .iml ti.il<i| to tlic
I oalU <ii (imtity. \ \t hail, ilirnuBhoiit his 1 ilf, the ( l»a-
r.idlcr ot a Man IiIkt, tcinivratr, gruvc, arul licvoiif,
vi (omprti.'t learning in oiliir itljxcti, ami very IUkIkhis
111 the Matiicnutiri *.

2. Hi* tlnCt A|)jiln 4ii<m to thtTi" Siioiuc^, joiiicil V( ry

Iirohahly to tliemaiiyUrlaiions 111- liaM lu.iul liomSi.i taiiMj;
'coiilf, temp ni him to think of m.ikin!', Diliovinr . I lie
kS'/>.i«Mr./j imlral, who, notwithltatuimi', th, {jic.it "htvhis
he iliil them, envied h» Reputation, liuauft lie w.i% not
their Countryman, luvc ciriuUttil aluiiulamc ot Siorits
with a View to make the VVorlii bclii vr, that In only pro-
litrd by the Mistortunc3 of other Mtin ami, as tliislicmH
t.o be a point that has never Ixrcn throughly uiiilrrll(KKl, 1
Hatter niyli!t, that the Rcailcr will not think titluT his Paiiin
or mine ill Ik (lowetl m ( |( arm;; it up. Ihey t. II ii-, that
one Martin fiiitnt, a Manner, who uliil the .hor,i or
Teretrai, hid told him, that he wa* nnie cairiid it ur
hundnd ami litty Leagues to the \N «ll ol Cape s:. I itiioii,
and there took up a I'icrc ot Wo<h1 or liinb-r, wimif'.ht
by Man's Marul, ani.' that, as tar ashetoiild juth^c, witli-
out Iro'i, whiih he imaginrd hail conn tioin loti.c Wiltirn
Illami. Pedro Corrca, who hail married his \Vil'.'s Sill' r,
hail likewilc inturmnl hiin, that at Vufrto Sanio he Itid
tren the hkc IVir diivcn thitlur by the VVilti-rii \\ imls,
wrought .1 the fame Falhion •, and, biTi.!' s, lie had lifn
great Canei, whu h, in each Knot, might contain alxivo
Two Gallons ot Water, which he alfo Ics-.t to 'lim to look
upon i which Uing unlikely to grow in tlic known I'arts ot
the \Vcl>, and having read of liith growing in liiAuy he
fupjxjfcil, that tome long and violent Witlem Winds liad
brought them thither trom theme. 1 he Inhabitants alio
ot the .kor(3 had told him, that ftroiig Well and North-
weft Winds had brought by Sea, upon (Ir.niofa .md
/•jyrt/, certain Pine-trees i Two dead Mm alio on thcCoall
of hltres, with larger Faces than are ulual in thole I'aits,
and quite a different I ook ■, and I wo Caiiors another tunc,
driven alii) by tin Wind. .Intciito l.ettu, ot Miidc:r,i, had
rcbtcd, that lying carried in Ins Caravel far Wcthvaid, he
bclieval he law Three Iflands : And another of that Illand
had fued to the King ot Portuj^nl, in the Year 14S4. tor
Licence to liiltovcr certain Lands, whieh he Iwori: hi- had
feen every Ye.ir ovcr-againlt the .kon-]. Difgo ^r'ldZfiez
fiad Forty Yeais before Ixm carrinl lar into the Well, and
there obfiTved the ."seasi and Wiiuls lui h as it the I.j:iil w.i
not far ol, as he atlirmcd to Colmnhu^ : And another Mj
nncrtold him ol I«ind he had lien l.ir Well from IrflanJ,
which IS luppoled to be hinvfuioidland. Pcdio dc
I'elnfio had olilervrd the like in his going for fnlaiid;
and hxcfnt Dim, a Portuj^al I'llot, had lanlied, in his
Return trom Ci'tt/«i;y, he law an Mand in thcllei!',ht of
Madeira f tor whieh alio -Searih was afterwaixls made, but
no Diliovery tollifwed. The had, however, upm which
the greatert Strel's is laid, remains yet untold, and is this •,
That in the Year 1484. one /llonfo Smubez, of llueliia, in
the County of A',r/'/rf, died in thelloufcof Chrifiopher
Co'.umhus, in the Illand of Terura, and lelt him his Papers,
from whence he acquired thole l.ights that dinchd him in
his great Undcrtakmgs. This .llotijo Sanciez liad lor
many Years traded from Spain to tJie Canaries, and trom
t]\enee to Madeira ; la his lall Voy.ige irom whence he was
carried out to Sea, and, after Ninc-and-twenty Days Sail-

ing, arrivdiat a certain Illand, fu|i|iofiil to he liijhtniohi,
where he landdl, and look an Otileivation. lie kept an
rxac't Journal ot all the Ociurretucs ^ jn>l, after a tedious
Voyage- Inkk, in which he loll Iwilve out of .Seventeen ot
iiii Men, he catitc to'/>rtyr<f, whcic lu: and the otl^r I'lvo
loon alter dud of mere Fatigue \

{. Hut that all tins or at li ill the fargreateft I'art of ir,
and particularly tlu I ill mcniioiu d Tale, i'> pure Invention,
appi ,us trum hciiee \ that C.r.lmnLut had |)crteAcd his
.Sclmm-, and aiJlually otl'ered a to his Countrymen the
(!eni.iji, in 14^*4. i l'.<' Keal<)fi» he went iijxjn were rhe|i; ;
That t r. higuiv ( f ti.e I'.uth being Ijihineal, it was hiidily
proh.ibli , that the Coiitinenr on one Side was balanced by
.m etiiial (^lait 1/ ot Ivirtli on tlie otiier. 'I'hat the Pcr-
iWiHi-j,: iiavin;', ,i:r ady ililiuvertti, lirll Illands, and then a
v. ill l'ia:t it (.ountry, by failing Fall, it was highly
likely, or r.iihir in a manrer icrtam, that, by tailing Wetf,
It was ecjuiily piiliM.' 10 reach other lilands, and the other
Side ot th.it Coiitiiiiiit \ that this would be a new Dil-
cover;', ot equal V.ilue with that which then made lb great
a Ni ilc' i and that ih re was the greater Certainty ot it,
linec It hid lH\n ohicived in the Cape </i'/-i-.-./i'Il1aiuls, that
tlu- Winilslilew tor a ccit.jin .Valo.i lioiii t!rj Will, which
mull W ow ng to a gii .u I rait of Land on tiut Side. It
is evii'ent < r.oiii'ji tioni tliili ke.ilon , ihit his Projid w.is.
to lail louiul tlie Woriil, .iiid lo the vuy lull \N ritci on
this Si,lM,\t ' lay. it down }, whiih is tli'j Kcilon that we
plate him among tlie Ciri um-n.ivigators ; for though he
ill I not liimlell liirroui.d the tiloU', yet he was, lor
aii.';!it we know, the lirll who thought it jjrai'ticable, who
attempted it, and wi.opi.ii.tcdout the Way hy which it was
afterwards ellecUd, .is will lie ll-.ewn in its |iroper Place.

4. The State of (;'(•«,-./ lejet^led his Proii(;lal, as being be-
yond t!i' ir Power, and likely to dra'.v ujon tlieiii the Re-
lei'.tnunt cl'Icveral Princes. He next projxjied his .Si hem'.'
to the King ol I'ortw-a!, 'John the Second, in wliofc Do-
minions he lud refilled lor Ibme Years : Commiirioners
were apjioinied to treat with him, who, when,hy provoking
with 01 j^dio;'.v,they had drawn out of him all tlwy could,
advifeil the King to tit nut a WiVel, and to lend it to try
il the tiling was jir.iet liable •, wheiiby they meant to rob
Columbus lH>tli ot the 1 lonour and Aiivant.ige rtfulting
trom the Difeovery. 'I he Defign mil'catried, through th:r
want of Cour.ige and Conduct in Perii)ns employed v but
Columbus, fniiling out the i'rick, was cxeeeilingly incciiled,
fo that though the King of Poitu^^nl would have treated
with liiin a lecond time, being himliif a U-tter Judge of
luch Projeills than any other Prince ot his Age, yet he
ileciined it, and re'.ojve.! to ajr.ly elh wliero ".

5. This was in 148^. In the faint Year, having fully
inftrikteil his Brotlier Ihirtholomew in his intendc\i Project,
'le lent liim into i.n^^land, with Dircdions to ajiply himfeif
to llcnry V'll. wiio was juftiy reputed one ot the wifelf
Monarchs in Chrijlendom, in ho[xs that he would embrace
a ProiKjlal manilellly tending to ids Profit •, and in tlic
mean lime lie prepared liimlilf to go into Spain, on thi:
f.ime Accouiit. Hariho'.omcw Cohiinhus was fo unfortunate
as to fall into the I lands of Pifates, who ftiip|x:d him of
all he ha.l. On his coming into England in this poor
Condition, he fell ill of a Fever ; and, when he recovered
from th.it, lie Ipc-nt limie time in making Maps, and
telling thtni, belore he put himfeif into Huh an Equipage
as cnabhd him to addrels himfeif to the King. This how-
ever he dill in 14SS. w.is well received, and achially entered
into .Agreeniei'.t with that Prince, in the Name, and on
the Ikhalf, of his Brother, feveral Years hetore he clofed
with their Catholic Majefties, as his Son tells us in his
Lite •■. By virtu£ of this Agreement, it fliould teem that
our Title to the new World is prior to that of Spain. This

• lliirira, Ox,irJi>, (itmtra, I Ji Ifj/rji, P Miir/tf. — ^ /'/ Rt\,i! ('^mm/nfii, i\i of Pan Purc'ai'i IMjjrim-, Vol IV'. p. I;.i4

• 'I he .^uthnr here iiitMni is I'lltr Mtiftyr, uhu viuitc a: ciie very 1 imi', .mil ei a manner Iroin i'.chrni ui\ own Mouth. In iiu c.\.\>i,:

Fri'll*. «<klwlling hinifcllto Two dC CiLmfui' , P.ittiin>, lit Bid thric U'onli : " Auulluc iiiei-.tcni, f.ipicnt:llimi liuo lciie(>.entc> i iim'ite novum
•• riventum MenunillisColonum J.iguruiu iiilhtin'c in cIlriN .ipuJ Rij;.", ilt jierciriiiiJn por i>ctii!uo. .AutipoJe.-, noio TiTiiiruni Heiuilphjrio
•• mcminiflcoportct (.^iia lir re vubilrum alinuamlo iiOuni i-ll Nee (ire viltro, ui arUlrur. conlitio rem hie :igi;rillui ell." 1 his ilaiio'i'lr.uca tia;
Irjc Inienliun of ihis great M.in, anil tvulmtly Oieiv , th.it he liiii tut Jiri»e hl^ Nulioiii from II:'- he.iriiy Kiiiic:ice cC fuch Seauiiii ua he con-
verCrJ viiih, luit fr<jm ihe ConliilcrJiinn of the tilibe uiill. iinil t!ie ll.irniony obrirvtil lhii.uj;hout in what «.15 per!(>tlly knuivn ; trnni ivhfnce he
righily inlerreil, th.ic Ihe want of luch Harmony in M.y I'oini of V ieiv, was an .Xrguniiia, chut the Whule was not uitirely ilifcovertil ; ami that

utiatcver »as reqiiilite to crtablifti that Marinony, *,!■. uioll likely to U the I'art onccalcd. '' There is another Account j-.ivcn ot this

Matter, t'/i th.it Care wa> taken the l>eli!',n lliould inilc.irry, in orJir Co ililcrcilit t.-/,(»i.'*', bccaufe it wa; iiyl liic IntcitU tl the i'irtu^.11 t'
tlut this Method cf Uifcuvcry by the Welt llioulJ be piuriicJ. ■■ • tlatlUit.

i»

r I/.

.■; ■

1: L'

•1 ::(■.. '

l;\ m

.Kl^i'.f'f

m-Mm I

4 1

V O Y A (i h S

i\ !

;.{

uinillKa

it liuisfial With his I'rojKilals, luvf iinploya

o\v,i Acaiunt;. But they wire I'o ihlluUnt ct him as an _ . . ., ,..,>„.,, „,,i, .,„.iivi, wuu lumniKa

/.'.j.'ijfl Frui-Cior, and I'lif wlm had ahiady tiiatcil wiih tiic hail oi Cpluiiii/!i.'\ Miaiv' »)1 tlir 1'.x|kiuc, whitli, bv

k-vcral i'otcitaits on this Siihjcct. that ihcy would not •'- ■^' "" i-.i. . _.;. i .. «i . . . . ■

confenc to liis Dcliirs, or imdinakc tin; Ivxpcdition at

their own F.xivncc. Ycr the (ii i\'ity of lii>. Uthaviuur,
tiie Sticngrh ot liis Argiin-.cnts and tht- r[.n;',htncls cf
his private Lile, induced tiuni ti (hew hini ('.iiat Rclpcct,
and tvin to loiintin.incf hb Ai^iiiatit-n to thiir Catholic
Majifticf, Do)i indtnand, anil Dtna lilwt'.l.u who \vc';c
thrji ingagtd iminving the Mccn out ot o/jpj, ar, ! w.'io,
,^i' -.1! vt,.,, — a I.I.. I.. . I- II. ... 1

•- .<.,^...v, ™. ,11.11, U_V

th;- Agicemcnt, was lo Ix: a Ici.nii oi ihi: W iioli.-. Ihiic
Two Wire Caravi is ur Carvtis, tliat is, VelUis w;tlitL.t
Dick^ 1 and all Ihrce Ships tarried about lio Mm:
Ilnr.Tu indeed fiys but Nimty, in whitli lit not oi.ly
djla-'ecs witli other Millorians, wlio wrote from good
Munoirs, but alio troni PiUr Martyr, who wrote at ti.e
v.ry Tiiix the dung liappened, and'tiom his own Know-
let ge. A;l 'l'hini;s king re.idy by the latter L'.nd of

oiMi iiigagiu iiioiuiMg uir .wciri out or o/jf>J, an I w;i(), let ge. .-xi i nini;s ixing rt.uly by the latter L.nd of
ot all Fnnces, were moll likdy to eiKOiir.^gc f.) nol le and jut), Cc'u/r.iuj repaired in I'eiloii to Pulas, where he em-
generous an L'ndertaking. His old J-riend Iru-r Juan l-urked on board the Admiral of his little Fleet, and, luv.n"
Pcrt-z i.V M.jrii:n.> .ilhlled him alio in this .\pi l.eation, aiKJ a la:r \N ind, put to Sea on IriJuy the ^d u\.,utujl i ■ \)i.
furniihul I'.ini with i.att-rs oi KeiommeuMtKin to the '1 he n.xt l.Xiy tiie Rudder ot the Psnia pro\ed looie'
Qvicen's Contellbi, iner i ir.snuvul u\ laL^^ra, a Man of which thiy lalitned as well as they toulu with Lord.'
great Learning and I' obity, and one who 'iukI the Vav of which ^wcvcr diil not pref'erve it long •, and tliis t'.eta-
thcir Maidlus to a gicat Degree ; by wiiuni he was very mined tliem to put into I'ort. Some ot th'e Scanun woi 1 i
kindly received, and. pronii;ed all the Aii.lbnce he could have interpreted this as an ill Omen ; but Ulumoia told
cxpeic tor the furtheni-.g him in his Aj)p;ications ; in which them. No Omen muld Ix: evil wher'- People went uixji a
the Conlefior kept his Word religioully, and never Ktt good Delign. Ik li.nv.le tM;k a gnat deal ot I'aiL' to
:s Behalt, till he brought the Matter to i;,llruct ihem in the Pnnnples oi Navigarion. and to give

them riglit Notions ot the Ui.d- rraking in whuh they wac

foliciting on h
bear.

-. Itwis m the Ye,!r i4.S6.tIiat he Ugan his Negotiations
with their C'atho.ic M.ij-.llius ; wtii. h he did Liy prelenting
to them a I'ttition, letting toith the Nature ot h.r Del'gn,
the Advantages that would tlow Iroin ir, and th.e Reward

cinLwrked, in order to keep up their Spirits.

<). On the 1 1 th tliey had Siglit ot tlieCW;r/.j, where t'.ev
liayd till ^ift.i„:cr the ( th, iitrJhin.; thenilelves at i.'/.-
Ilk Gomaa ; bi.t wei.t oil then tor 1. .u oi the Ponu.utjf,

he ex,<cted, in cale he luccced.el Ihe Singularity o! .he wI,o i.aei manr.ed .n.t 1 hree Laravch to take them ' ir-

froject loined v, tie plain Appearance of the Man, Uwur th, 7th they loll Sight 01 Und .ind with it their

whole tueumllar,a. weredilhehed, did not contribute to Courage too, a grc't many U then u niK^.^Ixav

h,. mcer:np at hilt with to miKh favour as he expedteei. this, ,nd cxix-eim,; to Ik- L. , an, her V It cl «

However U..,«.,. perlilled in his Appl.e.Uions, and even comlorted tiiel. Cowards as w.Il TuZ^d ti'tl,

pr«.uree^ lume. who were ne.ir tiie iVuon ot the King, to elUaually, was e.i 1. <d to cluat t.hein ,n i.'s R c'ko,

, refent hiii, with a 1 ilcourle ol lus, m which h.s I'rojea nuki.g tnem Uhese they weie not to , trom 110^ ;

was more i.ir:;ely .xplaine.i •, w!„d. yet wx.ugi.t no gre.u iiu'eea <h.y v.ere. Un the ,ath the. ,. I .. r '

•riea. -llKte we,e however lonie^iave t.', tl.n'k.ng \ .irution L the Co, ul^ wf I 4 the li t ;;, t •

r'ecpie, svhojudabcttcrOpnionof a/^,«^„ADengn. I'harnomenon had taltn 1,^ Ol ^i^a .o^i a ^ ' ',

aiHlanioiglt thcle was Don.Lrbor.jo d, :^,^,„am^l,a AuuitcT the ,uu, ilu y law (,r.is and 1 er V 1', , ,7 v ""^

ot the Revenue, who ve.y kindly fupi^Ied h.s Necelhties, .:.i tome Imil An; ^^ C lid e ,1; T^ "" ' "'"'

entertained h.m conilantly at his Table, and e.uourag.J winch nude t'^m e, he, 1^^^^^^^^

h:m .1.11 to rcn,am aloat the Court, though he g^w Und once Lira i c;^ ^ '^■^1^''^ '7 1

viliLly unealy at the Llage he reeved at king kornhdy tliele I'rclages coi.t 1 ilin I?., I '"^ ^''"* '""'

treated as a foreigner, uted with C nt.mp,t on the Icorl Sea fowl .^1 w T put i h^r '' l'^^^ "■^'

o. in. rowi.y ane olten upMaided with the N'an.ty ol their lvxiKCtatien.\ll trJw^"\r'''t"^''y /''l'"'

mProjec-s-, whKhUrefomet,.i-.eslolurduiH.n him, that Vuy.igc but .m ivZ t u.^ . , 'T^^^^

he twue reiolvedto cjuit a Court where he' lud k:en ,0 Ana no; u. JrJ^TZ^, ntyT '''''"]''■ ^ '

ungratctully treated intenciing, the f.rft time, to luve .l.nr rallw\:,en( 1; ,n ve ,5 "^ i 'M

gone over to A.^^.W, .0 Ice w ;,.., Suc c-is hi^ Kr.tlu r It.r- therelore cxi.ecHi, « to k coi^ T^^t ^Tn ' •""'

/Wu^ ha., met with, a...el p:opol.ng, at Lit, ,0 oti: r la, ve.y little . . 1 ,W d ' ,^''''''r "' 'V' ^f'",""

IM.Aery to toe Crown ol J r.„ur But his Friend the In.iWhat he lud fS tr,^

Auditor wuni,-eatI).iiKuity,r.ltrainedh.m-.and,luving Kingand IJiu n ZV v^^^ \t ''^^

pr.KUKd hiin -AomKlion to Lon Pidro di (.cnzalad- M,» e .iv „ ,1 , ""nilelves „, thcr I'ainon, ai I'eilonstio

^.2. Carelina! .XrcLiOlop ot 7.;Viy., w le 1^ ( ud . 1 e^ni l ,; 1' '" ""^'i \ ••'''^"'- '*'^'" ^''" ''-'"^retion n,

Dilcouitcs. his Allaiis u:;i. to lave a k,^ An^^ A d C ^ ^ e \1 ," ' ^'X'^"^ '^^^'^""« "-^ ^- •

«>cn /y.^'. iate:e;i,d k uelt u.uidy on ks IW a , ions \;r';'V ''''"'-(''. "i'*^'''^^'''''^'-''^'-'

•1 wo Oblhu les on.y rcii.a.i.ed .0 i. ove C.ik- 1 L t\\ ^ou d I'l u. !"'' [''7 '"" '"'" ' '^'"'y- ' ''"'^ *' '-"

wa% the finding M. riey tor el.!,ay,ng the Fx.x- le.of ov^rk, u ?' •'"^'"••*^'- ''•■"-^•'"!^ •'!;•..„, helhouid,;.

W;lh

Chiip. I.

Christopher Columbus.

with fair Promifcsof great Rewal-ds, upon Condition of a on the i/;th of February 149;?. at the Ifland o^ St. Meiry\

little more i'aticncc. And though he made fliift to cheat one of the Azores, and foon after returned to Spain, where

them into a little good 1 Iiimour, by crying out Land, on he was very kindly received by the King and Queen, who

the 25th ol September, yet tliat Calm was quiekiy fuc- caufed him to fit in their Preilnce, the higheft Honour a

ceeded by a more outrageous Storm than before : The Sub'iecl could receive in Spain. It is to be oblerved, that, on

Refult of which was, that after fome farther Trials Co- his Return from this fi. 11 Voyage, Cj/ww^kj him felf was of

lunibus was forced to proiiiife to return, if they difcover«l. Opinion, that the Countries he had diftovercd, were Idands

no l«ind in I'hree Days time, tlus b/mg the utmolt on the other Side of the Continent to which the Por///f«cy<r

Space that the mutinous Sailors wraiKl allow liim.

10. The firftof thofe Days he (bund, by the Sun-fetting,
that Land was near •, upon which they contradkd thiir
•Sails ; and the very liime Night they faw Light. Ab<nit
Two Hours after Midnight, Rodri^odi Trinna, oneof tlv--

traded ; and this it was that determined him to bellow
on thefe Illands tiie Name of the // eft Indies. To prc-
ferve the Memory of this Difcovery in cafe he had been
niipwrccked, he, in his I'adiige Home, wrote an cxaft
Account of every thing, wrapt this Memorial in a Cere-

Company, difcovcred Ljnd : This was onOilolier the 1 ith, cloth, and put it into a BaiTel, whicii he threw into the Sea.

From the iiime Motive, after he came back to Spain, he
drew a very ixaCt Chart of his Diftoveries, and left it with
his Sons. I'lie Succef, of this firll Voyage engaged their
Catlio'ic M.ijilbes to fend him back in die Autumn of the
fame Year, with a Squadron of Eighteen Sail, very well
equipped, with which he made farther Difcoveries, which
ferveil to coniirm him in his former Opinion, that he had
really I(;uik1 a new i-'airage to the Indies. But in his third
Voyage he [gained lomc Knowledge ot the Continent, and,
hearing that there was a Sea on the other Side, he readily

at the fime time, it was

y/. D. 1492. which they found to be an Iiland ot Pitteen
iA'agues Compafs, and is one of the Lucnyas, called by
the Inhabitants Gaxebani, or raihcr Guannl'ani ; but by them
Piin Salvador, being ab(jut 9-50 Leagues from the Qinaries.
1 Icie they went alliore, and, having lling 'Te Deuni, they
t<Kjk folenin I'ofrcll'ion of the I'lacc, in the Name of their
Cathohc Majrilies, King I'erJtnand, and Queen Ifal/e'Ja.
The Natives thought them to be very llrange People, and
jiuichmoie wondered at their Shijis, which they believed
to be great Animals. 'I'he Spaniards gave them Caps,
JieaJs, and other ioys, which t!iey paid tliemfelvcs for in

jnou valuable 'I'hings. Tliefe I'eople were naked, of a his Opinion, that there w.is a Pari".;ge from thefe North
midiile Size, well-i)roporti()neiiB<xties 1 their natural Com-
plexion ol an Olive, but painted with other Colours, ae-
ording to their i'aneies. They knew not the L'fe of

owned his Mi (lake, declaring.

toroing to tneir

Iron, nor the Make ot Weapons, but innocently laiil their
1 lands on the Edges of the Spaniards Swords. The'r
Jde abounded with Parrots, IxTides which they fcarce l.i\"
any other Animals ; they trucked tor Cotton-yarn, and
lold the Spaniards, that tlie Gold tiiey wore in Rings at
t'leir Nollnls, came from the South, where they would find
a I'niice whole Suhjeds were very rlcii therein.

1 1 . On the 1 5th ot O^.'oicr they went to another Ifland,
Seven Leagues from then.e, which th;y called Sta. Maria de
la Ccncepiton. The i 7th they went to I crdinanda, the Wo-
mrn of which Plac" h.id only Ihort Cotton Coats, trom the
Navel to the Mid-thigh, to cover their N.ikednefs. After
this rhcy came to another Ille, which they called Ij'aue'la ; of
which, as ot all (nhers, they took iblemn t'olfellion ; .md,
in all thefe Places, carrie I it jurtly an.l honeilly towards the
Natives. I'hey prtKeided hence to Cuba, which, the Ind:-
tins told them, afforded Gold and Pearl, befides otiier rich
Commodities. 'I'wo Sp.:i!!ards, and as many //.•J;ij;;j, were
Iiere lent to lean h tiie Country •, and, lighting on an In.:i.:ii
Town of about liity 1 loute.s, tluy were well treated there,thc
^'pdniards Ix'ing honoured with Incenfe as tliey went along,
as it they had been Dt itits -, which the limple Indians indeed
i!i I ainv-ft liclicvc, tho' P'xperience fwn ma;le them witlr.
I lire they faw Cotton grow of itfelt, witji feveral Sorts of
llrange Birds and Trees : But the Commodity the Sp.iniards
mod mindrd, was the Cjold which they faw the Indians
wear in their Nofes, about wliich they were curious to alk
Qviethoiis . 'i"o whi. h the Indians honeftly anfwered, Cuba-
ihuan -, that is, they h.id it out of the Midlt of Cuba ; the
Spaniard.' thinking, beeaule of that Term can) that they
liad talked of the Gre.it Chan of Crf//tjv. A'lonfo Pinion
Kit ('c'umbiis here, who (juiikly after went himlelf in quctt
t)t Hifpanida, which the Natives at that timecalletl Ilayti.
They took lure a Woman, a N.itive of the llland •, and,
treating her well, the became a ferviceable Agent on thur
IMiall, with the rell of the Natives : So tlut, .it lall, there
wa-^ a vtry good Currelpondence t iLiblillied between the
Indutns anil Spaniards there, the King of the Place in\ itiiig
Columbus to come .dhore. .\ Fort was built upon tlus
llland, to maintain the Spamjh Prcten("ion:i and Autlujrity,
ill whiJi '1 hiity eight Soldiers were left : And, after this
I5ulinefs dune, Co/umbin made Provilions tor a X'oy.ige
Jioiuewaid, Lli.irgingthe Spaniards to carry it obligingly to
the Indians .uid their King.

1 2. He lail; d on //''(•.//.•<;/./<»■ the 1 7th of January ; and tho*
lie met with great Storms in his Palfage, yet he arrived

' Tliit orcii

Seas into tliofe on the South, and trom thence it might be
Very polTible to fail to the haji Indie.i. I'his was certainly
the highell Proof that could, be given of his Sagacity and
I'enetration, aiiil t'ully jullifies our [)laeing him at the Heail
(jt the Circum-navigators \ fince it is evident trom thence,
that fiich a Palfage lounel the Globe was the Thing he prin-
cipally fought and intended. With good Reafon, there-
fore, diel the ingenious Mr. Boyle obli-rvc, that we are lit-
tle lefs indebteel to Cohtmbus tor the Difcoveries made after
his De.ith, than for thofe made by him while living, fincc
tluy all followed from the Principles by him laid down, and
were the Improvements of that Doctrine, which firil, with
great Pruiii nee, he ileviled, and afterwards executed with
wonderful Succeli; •■, \Ve may likewile hint, that fome
of tl'.ol'e Difcoveries in the Art of N.ivigation, which are
thought of much later Date, were not unknown to him,
particularly the eonllant Motion of the Sea from Pad to
Well, of which he rook notice in his fnil Voy.igc, and
cxpla neilfioni tiienee the Didereneclv. tween the Time Ipent
in going out, and in returning Home,

I <. Th( re n( ver was, perhaps, ,i Man better qualified for
the great Defigr.s he undertook, than Chifto/'bcr Columbus ;
but the (iravity of his Behaviour, aiul the llverc Difcipline
he m.iint.ii;u-d while it w.is in his Power, nifeti him Lne-
niies amongll a mutinous, licentious Crew -, and thefe Dif-
putes occalioned Appeals f'-om both Parties to Spain \
wliereupon one Francis Bcbadilla was lent over to inquire
into thefe Matters, and to do JulHcc, according to the
Light in which Things Ihuukl appear to him. This Man,
to gratify a B.lhop, wiio h.id taken fome Pique to Columbus,
cauleel the Admiral to be fei/.ed, together with his Brethren,
put them in Irons, and lent them in that Condition into Spain.

14. 'I'luy arriveil AtCadiz the 2 jih of November 1 500,
and as foon as theirCatholic Maiellies wereintormed of the
Treatment the Admiral h.ul met with, they oriicrcd him
to be let at Liberty, exinelling great Concern tor his Suf-
ferings etpeci.illy the Qi^iien, wi.o was his very fincere
Friend •, but it w.is a good while before lie could procure
a new (ioveinor to be lent to fl-fpanicla, which at lall,
liowever, he ilul. When he hail carrieil this Point, he
folicited Lave to make a fourth Voy.ige for Difcoveries,
which, with much ado, he oliciiieil. It was in this his
lalV going into the H'tji Indies, that he tiill taw the Con-
tinent, lying Ibmetinieat .Anchor at the Baflimentos. This
was m i-e:. Some farther Difeoviries he made on the
tame Coall ; but Ik t()re he could thoroughly int'orm hitu-
felf of the State of the Country, he was obliged to alter
his Courfe, ami (leer for Ilijpaniola. Some t;me he re-
mained there, but at length, new Difputes and Dilbrders

in a Ttcitifc ot 111-, intituled, Urme C-.nliJnntisiii louil'iif fxptnmi'^t.il F./^uyi in /^fntial, wherein lie lii^ thn rtm'rkable I'af-
r jT : •' It ii ubvioui liow nuieli t^uroft >■< beliolJcn Id LoJumlm (ur ilie i)cictlioii vl many Couiitm-i in /Imni..!, uliieh w re not dilc vcreJ
" liy him, nor peilu]!) nil lung jlier his Ueatii, Ixi^uilc he hrit uiiorincJ Ui kuy>*iin;ly, ih.i; ilitrc vurf uiiknuur. Kojjio d bfyonJ th.it valt
" I \f.ui, which Itvci. ihe uM VS mlJ (roiu ihc new,"

''^\m

MmV

I' 5!

N CM n. 1.

.irdin^,

7/;^ V O Y A G E S <?/

Book r.

5 1

arifing, he rtfolvcd to return bark into Spain, in onkr to
give their Majeftics the Ixft Account he coulJ of thole
Farts, that this Dillovcry miglu be tnaiie as aiivantageoin
to them as polTiblc. It was towards tlic latter Km! of the
Year 1504. that he camr, for the lall time, into Spiiii,
where the firll News he met with, was that of the Death
of Queen IfahfUn, whicli ftnick him to tiic I Ic.u;r, iiilo-
muih that his I lealth apparently deciimti thcnafcrward
He did not, however, fail to apply himfelf to the Court,
where he met with very indifferent I'fagc ; for dioiigh he
was treated with gieat RefpecU and had m.-.ny fair \N onis
given him, ytt the Senll- he had of the King's CoMncfs,
and of the Ingratitude of tlie ifpamjb Courtiirs, maile I'm h
an ImprefTioi. upon him, as, after a few Moinhs Ulnelr,
broke his Heart ; tliis happened on the iotli of May 1506.
at rallddohd. As foon as the Court was infurnHt.1 of Ins
I")eath, Orders were given for his being buried with thi-
utmolt Pomp and Spkndor. But tht Admiral himfcif had
given fome Diredtions cunceminy; his Ir.torrnicnt, which
lcr\'ed to perpetuate the Memory of his ill I'rcaiment -, for
he ordered the Irons which he had worn, to be put into
his Coffin with him.

1 5. After his Death, that Spirit of I'lnvy in a great mcafure
ccafed, which had purtued him wliile Hmh^, and whicli he
had refilled with a generous Kcl'olution. Of tl;is tht ic can-
not be a nobler Inltance, tlun in the famous Story of tlic
Kgg. After it was once perceived at Court, tliat the King
was cold towarils him, many of the Nobility atfeiffed to
lelTen his Merit, by infinuatir.g that he was rather fortunate
than wife, and that his Succefs was more owing to gixxl
Stars, than to good Counllis 1 to which Notions the /';»( :ns
contributed not a little, by giving out, that it was thri)iii;!i
their Skill and Perleverancc that the Piftovery was made.
Cdumbui was one Day given to iinderftand xs much, when
invited to a pjblic Dinner at Court ; and, after having pa-
tiently endured this fort of Raillery for a long time wiihout
a Word of Reply, he at laft ordered an Kgg to Ix- brought
him 1 and, (hewing it to the Company, alkeJ, If there vas
any body who would undertake to fet it uiuiglit ujxin its
IcirerEnd? To which thevunanimoulk aniwcred. That it

was impoflible 1 and that he could not do it himfelf: UjK)n
this he gravely crackid the Shell, and, by fttiking it gently
on the lable, in Urged the Iharp l-.iul ot the f.gg, till it
Wood upright: They fell a laughing at this, crying oiif,
that any Ixxly might have done as much: " 1 do not doubt
•' it, replud he, and yet none of you thought of it ; an<l
" thus it was that 1 difcovercd the huUts. I firft conceived
«' tiie Dcfign of ftcrring that Courle, and now every mi-
" ferable I'llot can find liis Way thither as well as I. There
" are many "Ihings that appear raly when once performed,
" wliich btiore were thought impracticable. You ought
•' to reflet'^ on the .VcoiVs 1 liilf.iineil on the fcore ot my
«' Deflgn, before I put it m l-Jtccution. It was then a
" ChinuM, a Dream, aDfiulion; and now it is what
" any bixly might have thought ot, and jxit in l-'.xe* ution."
1 Ik King, wlun lie was told this Story, was extremely
pLalcd, commended Glimihs highly, and made no Dif.
ticuity of declarm.', that he admired tJie (Jrandcur of that
Spirit, whidi, at the lame time, he endeavoured to bring
down.

16. This lingular Cimimftance of the Egg brings us
naturally to the Clofe of this .Scdion, by inclining us to
oblcrvc, that what happened to his Dilcovcries in his Life-
time, fell out with rclpetfl to the Improvement of them
.iftcr his Deccife : For whcrc.-is Cclumbus always purfued a
fettled Plan, and, in every one of iiis Four Voyages, pro-
n-ciiteil his original Delign of findins^ a Paflage to the In-
dies by the Well, the l'.trticulars of which are conftantly
rc:nirkcd by Pctr M.i'-ftr, all tholi: who fuccecded him,
and were employed by th'ir Catholic Maiellies to j)ertt\'h
his DifLoveries, were led by no other (iuidc than their .Ava-
rice, and had no other Inllructions that what they received
from the Reports oi the Indians, who, to bo rid of them,
were continiKi'ly foundinr; in their Fjrs the Riches of di-
Uant Countries ; at latt, however, a CientKiniui of Pm-
tiiinl, who had lliKiieii as well as practilird Navigation, re-
folved to prvifecute what Cc.'uini'us hail begun, to relume
his great Delign of fiirrounding the tilobe ; and was fo
happy as to effect this at his hrll Voyage, though he did
not live to reap the Reward of his Uillovcry.

SECTION III.

The P^q}'age of FiKn I fi Ann Maglianf.s, orMACBLLAN, from fit South Seas to tie

Eaft Iiulifs.

1. ne Country anj Clktm^i'r of Ferdinand .Magliaius cr .Migcllaii. j. 7//; Urafhns for guittin'^ tie
King of Purtugal'i Scr-juf. 3. His Props/als Hi.i-r.wl h tic Einpiior Charles \'. Mcinnfr of putt in^^
ibem in Exicutioii. 4. j-Jrri^rs en tbe Coa/l t,f liu\U\, and is lowpdlfj to "winter inPiU^mxa. ^. yjn
Accmr.t of t.'.r Patagons, tLrir Manm-n, &c. 6. luirther yLccunt cf tlan, and ttt mutiiwr in wNilj
"Tuo of tl.cni 'U'cre made Prijonns. -j. Called by tl:e Admiral Pataj^iJiis, Mhicb Name they retain.
8. Magellan fails jrom 'Fort St. Julian, and di/l-overs the Streights that bear hiiName. 9. De/criftion of
the Ladrones, rr^i' called tie Marian \[\.\nAi,' <,nd their Inhabitants. 10. A count of the Ijland of '/a-
nial, and Its Inhabitants. 11. lii/covery cf the Ijland ff Biithuan, //; TroduHs and 'People. 11. P^d-
ricus IJlands dcfcnbed. 13. 7hcy arrive at '/.nhul, and are iindlv entertained. 14. Dejcripticn of the
Ijland of Mdtlun. if. Tl.e unfortunate End 0/ Ferdinand M.iudl.m. i6. Tie Ijland of C\\\\^\<\\. de-
Jcnbed. 17. An Account of the great Ijland cf IJoinco. J8. •ILeir Arrival at Ciinbulxn), and that
Ifland dejcnbed. 19. Dijiover the Irauds of tie l\>nu<;,ueie in relation to thit Navigation. 20. De-
Jcriptioncf the Ijland of Tiridore. 21. Their Arrival and Admificn to trade at (iilulo. 21. Profe-
cute their I'oyage to the Cajic of C;o<>d Hope. 23. Airivc after' many w.to-.card Accidents at Seville.
1^. The Regard of Scbaltian Cano, 'uho brought the Slip Home. 2j. The Importance of the Difio-
series made hy this Expedition. 26. A Day lojl in th paljin- r'und the (iiobe, and the Reafon of it.
27. Many great Seamen attempt pajing the Streights of Magclkui icithorit SuccriS.

IKOM tlv 1 imcofthcDifcoverics made under the
Catholic King's Commidions, iW Portit^uefe were

exccllively je-ilous of their I'ofTetT.ons in the Eajl

/«(/w, till at length the I'upcinterpofcd, and by a Hull, which
had a decifivc Autiiority among I'rmccs of his own Com-
munion, decreed all Countries iliUovc red in the l.uftto I'cr.
tuj^al, and .ill fuch as wire found i;i the Weft to Sfain :
Yet this rather linoth. red than txtinguilhcd the I- lames of
Contention, l)oth Princes continuing to litlen willingly to
tny fuch Propoliuon, as tended to aggrandize one at the
gther's Ijtpciitc ; atid tl.n begat atiotlu-r Mifihitf, which

was, th.it fuch entirprifing Men as were not gratified at
one Coui-f, immrdiatdy thoup,ht of applying th^ mielvesto
the other •, whu h, wliulier a greater Inconvei.ience to thefe
Princes, or Adv.int.igr to l-Mnpe n: general, a not caly to
Ik- relolved. Aiiu,ngll thole who took this Method ot
railitig their ! (jrtune', the mull remarkable was the tamoiiS
liTdinand .U..x,'i(fwcj, ( ommonly called Maj^tUan. I le was
a (lemlenun of a ^kaI Family in J'erlu^ai, ami, having,
from his Youth, aUdiCted himlcll to maritime Affairs, lie
accjuirrd a very urr.it Skill, lx>th in the Theory and Pr.K'fu e
ol Nu'.igatiijii. He lccmi;d, indeed, to be formed by Na

ture

gently
. till it
ig our,
t doubt
t \ and
[iciivcd
cry nii-

Ihrrc
ormcil.

I »

( ^ / . I >; jr .///./ ' i r r r/^ A t E . Ma p o/)k

FKRDTNAND , HAGKl^LAN, S". /'

ye IS I

il s

/V/'j/ //( //.I/ l)e.iii)ti ifil ao /if iitu i<iil'eitiii:^i'<\

IS jm.\Ki: 'It*.'

KUIfd •'! tuit of' U

O II I. D . J^))mj,;,

scjs Drakj: (nf(/ Com

Norlh Tolc

■(••yl

it*

f.»' >* 'T ^•""

V4=

A H V K,

.S A l( RA or llir iDKSARTk

— T

., \

South I'dlc

ntu ii/iici-ri.i!,i''l/ KUIeti ,11 out ,>/' Uu l.aJrvnt Ijfaiuij . he cattiwt im'ufr/ii h lA

'Mn\w

It. n . >'

^im

iir.t

m m

/•'■"'r

o i .1 >; w .///./ » i r r rr r a t£ . J^f ^ i^ v////lW O It X. D

FKRDIXANn . UAGEJ^LAN, S" l\\sriS D RAKJl r.

tirji ,„ i/tai llr.iiqii ifti aj /if /i«y ,i»fbr(iiin"\v KiUrn ai ,'nt at' Uir Ittulrcnt l,tUnd>i ■ nt

J CIS Drakh (fNf/ Commodore ^^nson.^^^^hu^-^,^

Or///fS a/ff/ /^/////v/ '/fu
C A T O KS V'/'x^ (/

Hy Emau.Bowen OWiiy,i/i/ifr fo','//uu M,r/^.)/i/

North Vole

'W. l/iagt 6 .

Soulh I'lilr

HHAKt: niu //«■ rir»t Xiwivntti- n-he nuiUt tilt Cimui of' tfit tl/iif<-' ' for l/i« MAUtU.I.>\'\ n-«j
ut at I'tit of Uit t,aJrvnf /jltnidj . At t-atuwt /nv/nff/ii h iMUitti il Ctritun'invi^tttvr.

Chap.

tun' tor [\\ci
Cdinpolc .1 tr
I^uim'r louli
aiul .1 Swccti
veiled Witlj 1
nlly cloqucn
drawing otlit
lie lud a HU
li)Kition, wh
III DititcultK
tu whatever
lu.tiJ him t(
l> nts, as the;
(il I ,iic, I'u I
lie acquired

2. Don I
dit ill the liht
lie meriti-d
(irc.ir, liowi-
all his Apnlii
tempr, wliit
1 le tluTflort
tiiat IS to lay
hrly I'lie A'f/_
tiigiiefc, out
aiul, ill (.(;i
Court, aiui n
diiial Ximciici
ot I'arts, em
DefiSn. 11
I'lii^itives ; I
that Ma^dLh
(Icrtake any i
wlijii it cam!
Application i
I'ji'doii, and
FuriKjfc, he
this, liowcvc
preflid tlKin
viry able J in
and witli (i.) r
poll'd, that t
nude Kniglii
own rtrms j

3. The (i
Polition laid
inj5 to the E
tliougli he h
derided that j
ill Naviu.itioi
pofTi'ole to la
Ik ard of", to 1
tjal.ie a I'afT
Vac Rio ui Id I
that, in calf
lit of liotli /;
the Wirt, \

I'ope'^ iJl'll-
agit-ed, that
I'art of the
iilaiuis ihey
ih:ir llcirs f(
tiiatitartlicr,
.iiul l\\o hill
lor 1 wo Vi

nundal by 7
Di,': "/luiH i/i

.V!-, ,ii:g w'.ls (

(t.i'ftir de .'^
10 fuinc At
them 230, .1
•iiid upon till
'^kiil he I'/iai
Ku,[iol l'o)tu

' I hp utmoll
I'^ar,/ and ^fjK

f •

Chap. L

Ferdinand M a (i i- l i. a n.

nirc lor ^jrcatl'.xpkjiis, having all the Q^ialitiM rcquifite to lilmfilt had ilonr, ulirc hnving Trrvcil many Ycari in the

coini)()lc .1 truly ^rfiit M.m •, Jor, with a Courage which no /«<//«, ami limw l*«H nl the I'lmc in the Moluccas, of

n.»imr coiilil allrijilit, ho poiRlVtii a Calnincl's of Teniper, wliiih tlu y wtrr miw \\im\t, in .Search, (ireat Hojjcs were

anJ .1 .Swtctnifs ol nirj)orition, which cngagcii luch as con- coiulivlJ ot t\\\% Vovdur, Irolll the known Kxperlcncc of

vciliJ With him to ellccni and love him. He was natu
rally eloquent, cither in proving wliat he airerted, or in
drawing others from their own Opinions. But, above all,
lie had a Stiadim fs of Soul, and a Degree of manly Re-
lulurion, which not only enabled him to vaiuiuilh the grcat-
tll Ditlicultics, but withal g.ive fuch an Air of Siiccels
to whatever ho promilcd or undertook, as drew all who
heard him to confide n him. 'riitfL- extraordinary 'I'a-
Ints, as they would lave diltinguillied him in any Station
ol I.itf, lo they were irmarkally ufeliil in that, by which
he .icquiied immortal Reputation ''

the Coiummulin ! Uiit »lm Sn ret oJ it remained clofely
locked up in the Holiiin ul the Ailmiral, who declared no
more to the rtil, ihiin ihiit hr wm fitted out to difcover
new Coiintrits, which, lu it iinplial in the Opinion of his
Companions i that tlicy wno Komg to fetch Home Gold,
aiul oilier Riclu n, filled ihcrit with fwtlling Expe(5t?»'ons,
lb that thi-y left .Vi^v//.V with the moll chcarlul tour*^e.

4. 1 liey fiiKil Irom HtviiU the loth of Augti/t, A. D.
I ;io. and (Mtithr the \i\ «riiveil between Copt Vtrd, and
the Iflamlsof that N.iiiie j they fprnt a great deal of Time
about the Cd.iII ii| (,(((«,v, iind by teilious Calms, which

2. Don I'lrdinand Magdum had ferved with gre.it Crc- lulled Seventy Pays, weie It* long labouring to crofs the

ditintlie hhlu-i, under the famous .Muqufn^ue, and thought
lie merited fome Recompeiite lor tliole Services. 1 lie
(Ircaf, however, dillVied Irum him in Opinion, and treatetl
ail his Applicitions, not with Coldnelii only, but with Con-
tempt, which, to a Man of his Spirit, was intoLrable.
1 le tliereloie alfociated himfelf with Men of like fortunes ;
that IS to lay. Men uf Mi rit that were neglccled, particu-
larly cne A'i/y ialcro, a great Allronomer, whom the Voi-
liiguefc, out of Hatred, have reprellnud as a Conjurcrv
and, in Conjimdion with him, retired to the HpiViijb
Court, .ind made Propolitions, and new Difcovcries, to Car-
dinal Ximeiies. '\'\v:Poriii^uefe lunballiidor, who was a Man
of r.uts, employeil all the I'aiiis ima.^iiiable to ilefeat their
l)cfii!;n. He folicited the Court to deliver them up as
I'ui^iiives ; he gut Ibmc I'erfons to inform the Minilliy,
tiiat Ma^clLiit was a bold talkative Man, one ready to un-
dertake any tiling, but who wanted Capacity and Courage
wIkii it came to Performance. But umlerhand he caulc\l
Application tJ be maile to Ala^t'.'.an himlell, otfciing hiin
I'aidon, and great Rewards, il, ilelilling from his picfeiu
Furjxjf', he would go back, and llrve his own Prince. All
tins, however, fignilicd very little j lor thele I'eople ex

Line. But wlini 1)117 liad ilonr iliis, ami the South Pole
appeared above the Hoii/on, tliey held on their South
Ccuifi, and lamc upon the Main of lira/tl, about that
I'ari of it whiJi \ws in ii Degieei. They obferved it to
k- all one coniiiaiid i i.K'l (if Land, higher from the Cape
at. Jii^^.'dliii, which (s in ihli Fait of the Country. They
lound good Stole nf liuits Sugar caiui, and divers Sorts
ol Animals, out ul all which they had liberal Kntcroin-
mcnt. 1 laving; made \ \ Deuree^ more of South Latitude,
thry lill in with a I ountiy inhabited by a wild Sort of Peo-
le : J'hey weieol ti piodigiotii Stature, Hercc, and bar-
ns, m.ule a horrilile u»ariii|J; Noile, more like Bulls
tlun human t uaitiio v and yet, with all that mighty Bulk,
Were In nmible ami \\^\n ol loot, that none of the Upa-
timrJj or Voniift^in-jt «iiiild ovcitake tiiem. Here was a
line River of lulli Wtiier, that hail Seven Illands in the
Mouth of it, and wan lull Seventeen Leagues wide in that
I'art. The bimvll ••! lliulc Illamls yielded them fome
Jewels, ami tiny gave it the Name of St. Mary. They
coniiniiicl (oalliiig along this I'latl of Land towards tJie
South I'ole, ami lut t with 11 Couj.le of Illands fo full of
Seals and i'eiig\siiis, (lut, il) an liour's Space, they could

ole:
baron

preflid tiiemfelvcs to the Spiimflj Minillry, who were now luve laden all ilie five Shjpi(. 'I'he I'engwins are a black,

heavy, unwieldy fowl, rxtnitU'lylat, covered over with a
fort of Uown inlUad ot Kvctr,, and armed with a Bill
like a Raven's \ iliey luaintaiii iIu'iiiI'mIvi •• altogether out of
the Waters, e.iting iinliinglnit I'ilh : Tlitir next Advance
was to 4()' Di greet SkikIi Latitude j lure they were (hut
up by hard \\ eailirr, and loiccd to take up their Winter
Qiiaiteis for no leln than live Montiis.

5. They pallKI then 1 ime in this I'lace but very unplea-
faiuly, and lor a hmg time beluved, that the Country was
uninhaliiied : liiii ill leii^^lh llii y w* re undeceived as to this
Point 1 lor a S.ivage ul the iieigliliouring Parts came up to
give them a Vilit \ .\\^\A\ lolly fellow, veiy merrily difpoled,
linging and danuntj, all the Way as he came : Being got to
the I laven, he lli .ltd tlieiv, (iiul lliicw Dull upon his Head ;
which they oli|eivinj-% lent loiiie alhore to him, who
making the like .Signs ot J'eaee, uixjii that AlTurance he
came along wiili iliem to the Ship, without any thing of
Lear or Scrimie, | lis Hulk and Stature was fuch, as would
ealily .dlow iiiiii the C hauler of a tdant \ the Head of
one of their middlp-li^d Men reached but to his Waift,
and he was prupuriionahlv big : His Boily was formidably
painted all over, elpciiall/ lih lace t a Couple of Stags
Horns drawn, one u|hi|\ k'M \\ Cheek, and great red Circles
about his I' yes i Ins Colouti weie oiherwile mollly yellow,
only his 1 lair was w hile, i'lir his Attparcl he had the Skin
of a Bead clumlily |i wed together \ but a Beall as llrange
as tliat was that wore it, every way unaccountable, neither
Mule, Hoile, luu Camel, but lomcthing of every one,
the l'.ars ol the full, tile I'ail of the fecond, and the Shape
and Body of the lall, 'Twas m\ intirc Suit, all of one
Piece fioin Head to I'uoi ■, As his Urealt and Back wert
covered wall it alnive, lo hit very Legs and Feet were
wrapjied up in the lame beneath. Tlic Arms that he
brought with him were a ilout lk)W and Arrows \ the String
of tlK' fotmer wak 4 Ulit or Sinew of that monlfrous Beait ;
and the latter, inllead ol lion I leads, were tipped with
(harp Stones, The Admiral Itudc him cat and drink, and

very able Judges in thefe Matters, in fuch clear Ternis,
and widi fo much Probability as to the Dilcovery they pro-
pofcd, that they were immediately received into Pavour,
made Knights of the Order of St. 'J.imcs, and had their
own Terms granted them.

3. The (Jrounvls they went upon were thefe : That the
Polition laid down by Colionhus, nl the Poifibility ot come-
ing to the E12JI Imiies by laihng ll'eji, was certainly true,
though he had not f.rought it to bear ; and ih.it I'uch as
derieledth.it great Man's Notion, were not lb well skilled
in Navij^ation as he ; that, witliuut Qiiellion, it was very
polTible to tail from the ^otilh <Seii, wlmh was but jull then
lu ard of, to the Mcluuit IJlands -, ami that it was very pro-
l)able a Pafiage might be touml into thole Seas, dirough
the kioutlu Plata, or fome other Opening upon diat Coal! ;
that, in cafe this could be done, ,Spa:n might reap the Pro-
fit of both hi.lies, fince this Dilcovery being m.ide from
rlie Well, would fall e.xpredy under the Words of the
i'ope's Bull. In confequence of thefe Propofals it was
agreed, that the Undertakers lliould have the Twentieth
P.irt ot' the dear Protits •, that tiie (iovcrnment of any
Illamls they Ihould ililLover, lliould belong to them and
th;ir I leirs for ever, with the i itle of Melantados ; and
tli.u, tariher, the Crown lliould luiiiilh them with five .Ships,
and I'wo hundred and 'I'hirty tour Men, with Provifion
lor 'IWo Yiars. I'lus Meet of theirs coiilillcd of the
7'/.«i)(/j./<(, which was the Admiral, liaving on board Ste-
p'c'i (loiiit'z, .1 Pc>tii(u,jL- PiliK i the Siitiia I'ltlaria, com-
nunded L)y Ihn Ixu/ij dc Mcndaza ; the .S'/. Antonio, uneler
/)./'<■ "fuan iL Qiitrjj^cnj ; tlie St. la^o, of which Don 'Juan
.V''''.(';« \vas Commander i and the Comeption, uiAvr Don
<j:ijiir de l^iixida. The Number ot their Men, accoriling
10 l.Mue Authors, was 2J7: But moll Writers make
tlicni 230, .iinoiig whom there were 'i'hirty Portuguefe,
■ind ujioii till le ilie Admiral chielly depended. In point of
^kill he (^n. Illy relied on Don Jiutn di Serrano, who left the
Kii :[^ul /'(-/.'tt^'j/'s Service in the lame manner that Magellan

' I hr iiniiiill I'jiiis has Iwcii cikeii 10 give iliis I'xpfdiiion in the cirarcft mnnner poinblr, liy I'ompmllig till th« illrt'etcnt Kcl.itions of tlie Ptir-
tu^.,r,r ana ^pjKfjh \\ tiii'i> i b.ii. utter all oui Carr, wc caimot but tcgict the Luis ul ihc Im^u IlilWiy ul It by i*. htaHjf, which whi burnt in

it.c .■i»i.k ul /I'-m/ by the Cuilllable <ii llturitt.

The V () Y A c; i; S oj

lH)ok I.

:j4|

-4

\\t fnil-y^^l Mmfilf very mmrortaWy on S1iip-lx>aril, till lie
lm|>[vnc<l !*> |HTj) into a prMt I,o<jkmR-(^l.ils, Jut was [;ivfn
hifu .im(Mi^ll otlkT Triflf';: This jut liitu into .1 Krif'jit,
which licKHililiuitcililyKOivcr ; roth.it, 0.irtinj;Ku k with
Violence, he tumblcil a Coiiplcot the Men. th.it Ihxxl t^y
^im, to the (iroiinil. 1 lowcver, tliisdunt t.ireil lo well
amongll them, nutwithll.iniiinRfhelnjjIit by the Looking;-
pbls) that (jtiK kty attir ihey hail the Company ot more •,
^lartiruLirly one tame, ami matle himtrlt mi^'hty l.iiniliar,
larrieil it plcilantiy, aiul with lo niuth pood Miinnuir
amonpll thcin, that our Fiirof^ans were alio pKalal wrth
his Compiny. He gave tlieni a .Sit<lit ot (^nc ot th.ilc
Beads whole ,Sl,;nv they wear 1 Init we have, m this Ac-
coimt, nothinp ot uny partiiilar Deli 'iptioii i,| ir .ulilcil,
Co jurtily or ilil'prove the tornier Sunnife^ al»oi.t it.

('. l'hc<i(nir.il w.is delirovi.'i ot makinp; I'oi' r ot' tlicfc
pipantic I'topP l'riloner> •, ,iml, in ordrr to it, liii Crew
look the tbilowinp MlIIv. i -. I'hiir tilleil ti.eir Manils with
I'oys, anil little Ihings tiut plcali-il ilum, ani!, in the
mean tinn-, put Iron SliackLs upon th-jir l.epv, wimh they
thought were very line I'lay-tliint;'*, as well a.s the n It,
and were piealeil with the impling .Sovin'l ot iheni, till tliey
liiunil how t'ny were hani|x'riil .iiui Ixtr.iyeii • IJiit thrn
they tell a iHllouin;; l.k.- lliills, an i imploteil the llclj) of
Setciioj in that Ixtrciiiity -, thty cru\l aloii.l |.'r h;s Allill
nnce, but he du: not tome to ilelivi-r tluni , a'lil wlut
I'owcr II n thev ^ive that Name to, tli( y Ixll know. To
licl'ire hi'^Helpin Miliary, implicii loine Notions foiinived
of his Ctoixiiiefs and Compallion •, and 'us lu.t to Ik- ima-
ftincu, that they would thus er.ivt Rihrt nt an evil .*^]iirit
that uled to \cx ;in>l afllict th'm. It niiiR be ownc*', ihat
tluy r,{Ton very llr.ini'.e riiinp,s vt horrid Forms at-.d Ap-
pearances tr(i|ucntly fnn .imongll thele IVople ; ot
horned Demons with long ,*<ii.i|; Hair, thiowing out Kir?
txitli lielcre ar.d 1 ehind -, but tlulL- fcrm to t>c Dreams or
Fables. This Account goes further as to th-: Inhabitant-,
and rcjwrts, tli.it molt ot tlulV IVojile wear the lame .Sort
ot Apjxjfil tlut the brft app»areil in. thir 1 , ;he Skins of
Xhe lorc-ni( ntioncd Beall : 1 hi y go with rliur I l3;r Diort •.
yet that then- is, they tie up with a C'oit'jn lutre. They
have no fixed Habitations, but itrtain moveable Cottages,
which th-y carry trom one I'lace to another, as their
Fancy leads them ■, and the very fame Materials whiili thty
iile lor the Dttenu- of their Buiie^, thry v.k all.) for the
Defence ami Covering of thele Cottages : What Kielh they
tat, they bellow 10 Ceremony ol dreHing ujKin ■, but devour
« trelh and raw as it comes to their Hands ; B< liJes whii h,
they have a certain fw.et Root amongtt them, called Ctp.ir,
which is a confiderable Part ot tiuir b(j<.t. Ih-.y add alio,
that t.hey are t xtrcmely |eak>us ol :hrtr \V(,:mn ; but they
ilon't tell us they taw any uf tlimi.

7. Amongll them the Practiic of I'hyHc is reduced
into a viry narrow Compafs, and takrs in no more than
Vomiting am; I'likbotomy : Fhefj Twtj b.vacuations mutl
anfwer ail V.meties ot Cafes ami J'-.irpoles ; mu\, where
this won't do, the Diic.ifr is incurable 111 that lund. Their
way ot Bleeding is to give a goo.1 Chop w.th lome l.dge-
'lool or otiier ;n the Part that is attVeted, Ix- it l^g, or
Arm, or J ace. But thougii 'tis (xld to ufc a Choppirg-
knilc intlead of a i jnctt, tor letting BLxxl, yet it is more
lo, to tlirull an Arrow, a Fuot ami an lull down the
throat, to procure a Vomit. No doubt but this will
pnck thcPibn .. u;.d fa a Man arcachiiv^ to lonif Purpole.
J hc!c l-ulksarv very Hr<.ny; : W Un th.-Cnia le th- Attempt
ci taking |. int.- nt tl,i-m Piilonns. one alone very near
tired the utmolt l-orcc ot Nine ol their Men tlut were
^employed to malKr him •, and tlioujjh thev had liini down
and bound ii.s Hands tightly, vet he treed huifclt tro.m
his Bonds, ai.d got lo<.fe, in fpm ot all t.inr l.r.dcavours
so hold him. And, proixjrtionabi- to ttuir .Strength is
that alio or il„ ,r Api.-iite : One of them cat up a whole
B.ifket of .Shi]. H.kuit at a Meal, and drank a Bowl 'they
don't lay how l.rge; of Water at a Drau-ht ; but any
rung ot this kind is not fo very llrangc, confidenng the
i.irge Carrales they have to niainiai... One thing ot them
(which is fometlm.g fmgular; isnottolx- omitteo Ix-tou we
bave them ; ar.d that is, tiiat, by realon ot the vehement
Cold, they truis themlelvo ip lo vinr tlolb and tight,
t.u[ the Oeiuuli in the Men are nu 'to be dilcovaed,

tyii • hill inlinly within lluii Bodies. The Admiral gav,«
ihi !i People the Name of I'titiigciis, an.l tixjk iiotue (jj
thif lew cominon Words: They tall Bread, C'j/.rr •, W.uer
Oil . Bbck, /tmtl; Ketl, Clruhf i Red Cloth, Chrraal
Sftfhs, and {'.htldile, ate the Names of I'wo Beings they
pay a religious RelJKrt tn •, of whu h the lormrr is the
lupreme, the lattr an interior one : But whether they a^
proiKT Names otonly their Terms for a hiylicr and |uL-
ordinate Powet m general, is not certain.

S. 1 he Port thty llay'd inthcfc FivcMoiilhi was called
1'. rt Si. Julutn \ ot which, .is ot' the whole adjoining
Countiy, th(y took Iblemn PolVdlion, and ktt a CroK
trccU-d in Token ot it; brcatif- it was the Beginning of
0.7c.V by that 'imc they p.otiip to the (.'.;/>(•./<• /W.yinandsk
.md they were d< tamed lu long by the Calms, that ilwy
liLide it D.\fmt(i, Ix'lore ihey ( rofTed the Line. But
the in.iin Reafbn <it their liaying k long lure, was a Con-
fpir.iiy ihif broke out among their Crew, not only
lome of th common Men, but Ibme of the Captains alio,
and partKuLirly Captain .\/c«Jff2<;, upon whom theCieiural
I till l!y depended. 'TheCcncral ^iM in this .AfTair with
great .Spirit and C"ur.i>'r- \ tor, having tuUluevI the Con-
fpii.ifor', he brought them to a 'Tn.il for lilotting ag.iinll
h'sFite, h.inged /.c.TM ,U MriiJz.t, anvl tome few, 'wha
wrr. moll gnj.'ty j and left Caj.tam Juan dt Cirlbf^tn.i^
and Ibme others, who vitu not (]uite lb deep, aniongft
\hv PaiafcHi. TheWiath.r growing fine, .ind the Crew
once more bi ought into Subjeaion, MagtL.in thought it
high time M purfue hi^ Courie 1 which acioniingly he did,
tili he .irrived in -i Decrees 40 Minutes .South I Altitude.
Here they found a (orivcnicnt I'ort, and met with goixj
Pn vilioMS ot I'll; I, lith, .uul fielli Water i they lingered
away at this I'lau- i wo .Months mote, ami then came to
'i Degrees .South Fatitude, \vh<ic ilvy diliovered the
Fmrance into the Strf ic'its. 'They fouiul then alxuit 1 1 >
Feaj;u(^ in I.en;-^h, and as for the Breadth very uncertain,
111 lome I'laces very wide, in others not more than h.ilf a
Fcai.',ue (.ver; theljnd on Ixth Sides high and uneven,
and the Mouniait s covered with Snow. When they cimc
to the I- lui ol It, ti.iy found an open PalTage into the gn at
Ocr.in. /l%f/.',;>; w.f. furpriled at t!ir Sight, with a Joy that
ex'.aded..l: i ommoii Bounds , lor this was tli • happy thing
h- lo'.kfd for, aii.l now he w.is able to demonlhate his
failing roiiul by the Wt|l. I he Point of Fand from whence
he hrlt law this delircable Prof|xci,he called, in Memoiy of
if, C^pe Dffiiinats -. but it tccins it was not lb detiralile to
all til!.- reft of the Company •, fur here one of tlie Shins
Hole away, and filled honiewari! by her'elf. 'Th. y
entereil the Pm:/:. .Vrt, tor fu the, c.ijial it, Kovmhrr the
.^•■th, .1 !\ I -: . am! in thiswide Ooan they failed 'Thr c
Months and 'Iwenry Days, without Sight of Land. 'The
Mr.eric'. thry endured for want of Provifion, a g..o.! Part
of this Time, were Inch as are fcklotn heard of, the frefli
W ater thry had on tx..ird ihink, and was very loathl'omc i
all their Hrea.l was gone, and nothing le!t to eat but I'ieces
ot .Skins, and Hits ol Leather. Nature will make any
•Shift, ^ though ( ver lo lurd, lo bear herlelf out in a Dilln Is,
when 'tis [/'.mile to Ix- done; and the [x-r^r .Se.imen here,
nthcr than fhrve, fdl very greedily to work u|)on thofe
i:ry tough IWes of Leather that were about the Ko|x-s of
the Ships. Hut It Ix-ingimjxjtrible to eat t!um, till they
were 1 ,me way lottened, and fittd tortliewin-, they laid
them alteep in fait W .iter for lome Days, anti tlicn made
the Ixtl ol them, as long as tluy !a!U-d. Hut then again,
what with this impure fort ol I'eeiiing, which was but
f(.ir,ty too, and the daily lmi)OVeri(}iment ..f their Soiriis

\L ii.rii.n l^.tr. . o :.- .1 ^. . ^ . ■

jpaic

wanting bittir Recruits, their Numlxr nioitrned ...a.v
.Some died ourri;.hr, oth-rs tell into pining Si. knels, others
had th.ir (.uins grewcjuiie over their 'Fieth on every .Side,
by w^hi< h means b. mg totally unable to man.ige thule tough
Soli, s they wrre t.,-ird to teed ujK.n, tiu y were pall .ill
Help, and lo mifetably Itarved to 1 )eath. I Ic ir only Com-
lort, umier all thele diielul Cm umllam es, was a Conllancy of
lair am! good W.-ather. 'The Win.is blew them liiioothly
.-iml g.ntly alon;.;, a-id, while they were thus expoled, the
.Sea was(a!m m.l quiet to<^ ami by this got tiic celebrated
Name ot i'ai,J<. In .ill th„ Time they law nothing but
Iv,o unnh;itjit>.i ll!..n.ls th..t ['ive no l'rol|X-ct of' any
Kele.l. 1 lie Needle ol their (.wmpaL v.uicd lomctime. ,

Chap. I.

r H R D I N A N D MAGELLAN.

anJ, at otlirn, moved (o irregularly, that tlicy were oftt n
tornd to quicken it with a tulh loiirh oj the l.u.uJ (lone.
Ihc Sinith I'ulc they toiiml to li.iw im \My rcmarkahlc
Star mat it, as the North ha^ : rhm- aic 1 wo Cluller* <it
lin.ili Stars, arul are ftparaicJ iioiii raJi oflicr at a I'mall
Diltmce i lietweeii thole are a Couple ol Stars, not vory
large or hnnht, which ihtiovcr thinifilvcs, by tlic Sinaii-
mh of the Cinle they drlcril»e, to Lc pR tty near the 1'oIp,
at Icirt the neared of any tliat are liili t rnible. At rhe
Pitliiite ot lo Degrees Irotn the South IViic tlu y law an
Illiiui ut exc< riling ilciuht, rallcil l^i[«m/i^ui, ami at i^;
Degicrs another a.s high, tin Name ot which nSimbiiit.
'1 hi7 faikil in one Ciulpli iit UmII 4a(;<i Leagues ^ and,
having made, by their Keekoning, 120 Deqrirs Longi-
tude from tlirir lirll IJepa;ture, tlity t(,uiid tliev lircw to
wauls the Isquinoi-tial. VVIien thry had palled that Line,
aiid v^ert gwt to 1 j Degrets North latitude, they ilcligned
h)r t!ic Cape, tailed by the old (jeo^'raplurs the Cape of
i.ttttgare -, but this they niillal, going ui>oii that okl Ac-
luunt ot the Latitude ot it, which plares it thereabouts i
and lame to underllanil altcrward.--, that it lies in li
Degiees.

9. Mtirch 6. they fell in witii a Cliiftcr of lO.ind',
Uiik; th' n in 1 1 Degrees Noitii I autuile, d\\i\ i^i, Defines
lx)ngitudc tioin their tii 11 letting out: Here they went
on Shore to breathe and refielh a httic utter al! the
I'atigues (il their tedious Voyage tli;oiigli the South Sta,
But th^ ihu villi I'eople ot thole lllandiuould ni;t let them
l)t nuKt. WhiL they were reixiliiu^ tli.mllhe^ allion ,
tiie otiur w(.uld b<- piltenng and lU'ahng thing'iuut ot th,-
Ship's, U> that 'tw.is impollible 1 ir them to enioy chem-
lelves in any iiieafun , till they had taken foinc Courie to
deliver thcinklvts tium theic Dillurberi '. '1 hey marched
thcrclure with a Inuill I'arfy, pretty well armed, up into
one ol the Iilands, burnt lomc ot their Houl'es, ami ki led
Unie <.t the Inh^alntants ; but this Comftion, though it
might awe them tor the pi lent, yet CAild not mend their
Diljxjfition i I ut they that were I'huves, vjuld be Thieves
lliil : I'or wiiith Keafon they refolvetl to make no longer
Siity there, but tind out Ibme o her Place where they might
enjoy more Satety and Quiet. Aniongtl thele I'eople thereis
notihe Iciill flu w of any Order orForm of Government, but
tv(ryMan dots what is agrei.ible to his own I lumour and
InclinatKin ; Nay, confideriiig how univei liilly that thieving,
cheating Dd'pulition prevails, 'tis next to iini>oirible there
(hould Ix: aiiy tiling ol that kind ■, for the governing I'art
would nt ver tail to tranlgrcl's the Laws of julliec and com-
mon Htmtlly, as nu.chasthe rell ; .iiul the Interiors wouKl
mvtr b:.ir to Ik- eurb'd .ind jiunillied by thole that they
law do thi vtry lame tiling'?, and l-t Inch an Kxample
Utore their I'y s 1 to tlut the general Corruption ol their
Manntrs will nettllarily keep them all upon a Ixvel, and
filal-lilh a (xriK-tual Ar.anhy among thim. The Men go
intirely nake<l, not diUover.ng any thing ol that common
Modelly wtiiih obtains amoiigil the moll bailurous
I'eople, to tvd'ow lome Covering upon the oblicne Farts :
I hat Diftmnion indeed teales here, all I'arts king equally
rxpoled to \ lew. 1 heir 1 Ijir is very black, l)oth on their
1 leads and Hearils •, the lormer being generally very lung,
and reaeliing down to then Wail'.s. Ihey anoint them-
I'lves all ovi r with the Oil of the ( ocoa, but their natural
LoinpLxion l.^ olive : I hey <olt>ur the teeth black ind
r>il ■, aiul loiiie ot them w^ai' a Bwiin.t, made ot the
I'aim-rree, ujion their f lead^. I'he Women are much
Utter tavouied than th.e M<-n, aiul iiiorj tr.oJ.ell too 1 they
ail wear lovrin(.-s made ot th< inner lUik ot the I'alir.-
lut v then Hair blaek, thiik, and long, and ready to
tiail iijH'it ih' tiriund: lluy (o.iimend them tor very
rarttui, inilullrious tluufev.-.ve*, fpeiidmg their 1 i:iie at a
much l)Ctier rate than the M n do; for, whilll thele are
pilhring abioad, the others aie making Mars and Nets of
the i'almtree ar home ; ln;r, ot both Skies, the Work
goes towaid-i rhe liirniHiinj^ tin- \ loul'e : I'hefe 1 loul'es are
I'liilt ot ') in.lx.T, (overeii over with Boaids, and large
lig-ltavc', ai.d divided in'o fcveral Apaitments:
f heir Bell' are the I'alir.-mats, laid one upon another ;
and the l.iavis of the laii.e a;e inllead of Sheets and
lilaiikit.s : They have no Weapons but Clubs, and long

' 'I'htfc Kl.miliwiic c.u!eJ by M.ruilan, J''»i ut hi LtJrtntl J

Ni;mb. U.

Poles, upon which they put I leads of I lorn ; Their Tood
are Cixoas, hanana«, Iigs, Sugar-, a us, Fowl, and
Fiying-hlli : I heirtanoi s are old.y contrived and patih'.'d
up I yet Mill thry fill with tliein it a very great rate : llie
Sails are maile t,t liroad Date-haves Itw d tog'ther \ in-
fteuil of a RudiUr, they ulV a large Hoaid, with a St..;Vat
the Topi and may, when they will, make- the St< m the
Forrraltle, or tiie I'oreeallle the Stem : 1 hey are al
ways painted over, tither black, or white, or r.d, iomf
one Colour, and fontc another, as they like. I'lul,' IVojilc
an mightily taken with .my little thiii[', that is n w, and
agreeable to their I Iuiik ur : When the Spaiinirds had
wiiuiuled li-veral ot tin m with thtir Arrows, nay, [ ierced
them almolt through and through, thele Uing Itrangc
'I'hings to thiin, they would pull tin in out ot their
Wounds, and h()l I them m then I lam','., Ilaiuig at them
till they ill o|it down deatl i .mil, alter nil, tiiougii they had
been (ii loughly handleil, yet they would follow the .Shij s.
as they were going away, to ga^c at them, fu that the/
had at one time aou ot tlitir Camxs priUlng abour them,
as near as they could, to behold thutc wonderlul Con-
trivances.

10. MtiKih 10. they landeil upon the Ifland of /.(tmtil,
whu h is pj I .(-agues trom the iMdroiies i and the nexc
Day they went ilhorc at Humuna, an IQand not inhabited,
yet well defeiving to be lb : Here they found .Springs of
delicate clear Water, abundance of Fruit-trees, (>old, and
white Coral. The Admiral called it the lliand of Good
SiX»'. 1 he Inh.ibitants of (ome of the neighbouring
lli.md . e imc up to them not long alter, a I'eople of much
Humanity, and good Difpolition -, very fair and frundly
in their Carriag-, and apjKarid to be mighty well pleaftd
at thiir coming among them ; They came laden with
Prelents of I'llh, and the Wine made of the Cocoa-trte,
and promili-.l other Provilions in a little time. Since the
Cocoa-wine is mentioned, it may not beamifs to fhtw the
various liles thele People put thttFruit to ; by which it will
ap^H:ar, how very fcrviceable a thing it is, and how many
ot the Conveniences of Life are turnilhed by it : The
Cocoa IS the Fniit of » certain Tree like a D..te, and fup-
plics them at once with Bread, Oil, and Vinegar, and with
Phyfic too. 1 he Wine is drank from the Tree itfelf, but
all the reft ate matle from the Fruit -, they cut olF lumc
Fart of a Branch of the Tree, and fallen to the remaining
Piece a good large Reeil, into which drops a Liquor, like
white Wine in Colour and Appearance, and ot a Tailc
gratefully tart : A good Quantity ot this, thus drawn forth,
And put in a Vcflel, is called their Cocoa-wine, without
any farther Preparation. The Fruit, which is as big as a
Man's Head, has Two Kinds ; the outermoll ot which is
green, Two Fingers thick, and lull of Strings and Threads,
and of thefe they make all the Cords they ufe about their
Boats ; under this Hind there is another, or rather a Shell,
being confulerably thick and hard 1 this, Ijurnt and pul-
verised, is ulcd as a Remedy tor kvcral Dillempers : To
it adheres the Kernel, svhich is white, and of the Thitknefs
of a Finger j it has a pleatant Talte, alniull like an Al-
mond ; and, when it is dried, they make it into Bread :
In the Middle of this Kernel there is a Hollow, full of a
pure limpid Watcr.and that of a very cordial and refrclhing
Nature ; It will lometimes congeal, and lie like an tgg
within the Shell. W hen they would make Oil, they leave
the Fruit to fteep in Water, tilt it putreticsi ami then fet it
over the Fire, and lx)il it to an Oil ; and die N'megar is
only the fame Water, expofed tor fome time to the Sun,
which turns it into a Vinegar, like diat of white Wine.
Laftly, if tluy mix the Kernel, together with the Water
that is lodged in the Cavity of it, and then ftrain it through
a Cloth, they make a good Milk of it. The Cocoa trees
releniLL- the common Date-trees in all but this, that they
are not to nigged and knotty as they are. They will hold
11: very well loo Years 1 and two of them will maintain a
1 amily of 'Ten People with Wine viiy plentifully, pro-
vided thry are utt-il by turns, and cach'Tiee, having been
drawn Seven or tight Days, be allowed as many to recover
again, betore any more be taken from it. With this Care
luth a Number of People may drink as miieh as they will,
and the 'Trees bear them out. But to reiuni to our Con*

and, in the Latin Relations ol hit Voynge, Jn/uU Latrmua.

D cern?

7bc V O Y A C. !• S ol

Hook r.

rem* ktwfcn tlih IV")'lt .iml i!uni: Arnrilmp to ili'ir
Fnmiili , tiny Cinir s^mw wuIv othrr I'rovifions anil rniir'i.i
into a farthd IHpnc of I .imilMiity «r«l Iricmlly Cor-
n-t'jHin>'fnre with thrm , fluy \n\\% iS t!if Ailiiiiral iiiti>
f *v II- Barks jiul wrtc rn ipnH.illy inviinl aNunl tlic Avlnu
ral's Shipi wlicti- .1 iri-atl'iin lvin^;i'.ilili;irnnl Ut «ntirt«n»
ihrrv It tnit ihcni into lj«h AlFnglit, that ihcv wrn- all
rp«ily to leap t vfrUarvl ; Init (;o«kI WonN aiid I'rrl'Mti
l>riHight them to thitnUlvr* x^w^ iiiul with miitli ailo
chiy win- ji«-rUi.uipi! tokiCp outol ilic Watrr 'IhcNumr
1)1 thor IiUikI yixs /.ui- an, ol noviry \\nM C'om|al«. Itut
rc)nl'u!cr.iblr for it; PriHJiu'U: TlKy luii 4II nunmi v\
Splrrsin their B.trks, (.innannn.t lovt«, Niitni<-jj;»,(»innir,
arnlMui', jmlfcvcri! Ihinj^MiiOilpig Uol !, all whiili ihi-y
tarry'ii up anil down ami lolci for Mcrrhamlirr ; Mxy wur
without Api aril, ln;t y t dnlfi-il sr .1 mure rolHy Katr
thanthr hur$p((i>tu tluf had it ; I hty hail harinp of (»i>lil
in rath l-ar, ami li vera! Jewel', lal^i niii, wiili I'lrns «>f
litiiil, to fluir Arm* , lTfrn.lr<;, thry hail Paf^gtr*, Knivi-i,
ami I .inrr<, that wrri' .ill vi ry rK'h!y orranirnttd with the
liuiK Mrtal : B'li thoii};h th y hail no'hing of any ( lainv nt
on, yit they hail linuthin^; ol a Covtriin; Ktorr, anil
that of a fort ol Cloth vt ry mgcniuiifly maiV nut ol th'.-
Riinf of a Ircc that grows ainorglt them. 1 he iiiolf ron-
ruicrablc Men arc ili(lin<;ui')ir ' from the crtmnion lVoj>le by
a I'iciT of lilkrn Neeillr-work wf.ipj«-il alxnit tli'ir Miaitv
Thry arc gTof<-|i«li((', bnail ami will let, il an oivt
Colour; am) th.» Hui- thry nuinta n by conllant I'nv-tion
of thi-ir Boiiirs with the Oil ol CKoa. '1 hey iltjMm-il
frt^ni th« lllc Afdrf/> the 2 -fh, .1. I). i.',:i, ami ilir ctui
their Courle lyiwcen thi- Well ami SiJiith-w-dl, liulir/,
betwetii th< IllcJ Crmdo, llmnanghnn, Hibujfon, ami
/Ibaruin.

II. Sfar.h the 2 St'-, thev (ime rr> th Me of Fmbunn ;
the King ut which a- il the I'nrr- hn Sen, gav • thrm
honourable I-.ntert.. lent, prcf^ tti ;; thiTiiwithconliilerable
QiJantine^ el Gokl .r,.' SpieM. 1 he Ailmir.:!, in Kmirr,
prefente.l the King w th i wo Vtlh ol floih, tne red,
ami ilic other >tiiow, niad<- ntnr the 7urkijh |-alhion ,
and lomr of hi^ Coiirtirrs w th Knives, (ilafl't-*, .mil BeaiU
of Cryftal. The Adm :al fenr Two t.f his ( on',iiny
afhorc along with him. of which .Intonio Pifiaferta, who
wrote this Relation, was one. Whrn th;y were landed,
the King and his Attendants all litted up thrir Hands to
Heaven, and th;n towr.irds tlie I wo Chrifti.ins, in whirh
Ceremony thcf alb tcvllowetlthem -, and this Culloni they
obfcrvcd in drinking too Hi< MaeftyS Talare was like
a Hay lolt covered with Talin and 1 g- leave, mounted fb
hif^h up<m great 'liiiiDcr-jofts, that they wen firrcd to
tde Ladders to get in. '1 h(nn;h they are no Chrilbans
yet, at 'heir M'-.iis, iluy always mike the Sign of the
Crots, (ittiiig in the I'.une manner with their Legs as Tay-
lors do. At Night, inftcad tf Candles, thty burn the
< ium of a certain 'I'r.e wrapj^d up in l'almleav<s ; I'he
King and I'rinrr, h.tving entertained theni in their f'-vcral
I'alaces, and given rium nobk- I'rcftnts, dilmiireil them,
but not without new .Admiration, and a t^.rm IVrfuafion
now rooKvl in their .Minds, th.it they were alv)ve t!ie Rank
lit common Mort.ib, having f'-en lb many Orange Things
among tficm ; and elJKf ally P:gafetta\ writing, and read-
ing what h:- had writrrn, whuh were Myftiri.s they could
not comprch;mi. In the Mc 01 Ruthudii, as tlicy hltrd rhc
b-*rtli ol a ceriain Mine, they found great I .umps of ( iold,
Ibme .-IS bi^ .IS Nut, others as large as Kggs , of which
Metal w-i re .ill the Kint'/s N'eflels tor his Table made, 'i he
King litmf If sv.is a very comely PerOiin, his Hair black
and long, his Complexion olive, lis Bixiy perlumed with
iWcct Oils, of .Storax ami Benjamin, and pamtcil with di-
vers Colours -, he had Kings ol (lol I in his bars, and on
every finger Three ; h:s Ucm\ w.is wraj p-d with a lilkm
Veil, ar ! 3 Fkcc of Conon wrout-ht with Silk, and (Jokl
covered his ho.iy to the Ki;ei s. ! Ir wure a long l)a<.rger
by his .Vide, with a I laft of ( Jold, and a .Scabbard offline
carved Wood. His Country, it Icems, is fo rich, that
one of his SubjtfLs off. re; a Crown of malVy Ciold, with
a Collar, for .Six Threads of ciyllal Beads . Hut the
Admiral woul.l not permit luch Han^ain- is thefe, that thry
might r.ot a; pear to b- two fun.i and covetous tif then
Ciold. 'I he l-'copit a!', .i .tii .ulivc and Iprightly Nature -,

the Men t;iiite nakid, i n, rpt a Coverngol Paint ■, but ihe
Woiivn go cloithid Itoin ( .e Wail) duwnwardi, ami Unh
wear gokleii I'jr tings : I In y are always « hewing Areci .»,
and lay, lltfy cannot li\c wiihimt it i this 11 a .Sort oi
I ruit hkr 4 I'e.ir, cut in <iiurter«, and rolled up in fir
I, talis 1 1 a I'nr tallctl Btif.t, wlnih are alnioll .tse lUy-
haves As for religMHH Rites, ihey ha.l, as far ,i\ ihey
o'.ilirvrd, no othr in \'(- amonglf ihcin, but only r<i
lift up their lates, and Hands |oined togettier, t-»Hc.»v n.
and I all upon fhur (md /Mr The Admiral fauUd a
Hannri, i» whiih wx* the I'ortraiture of the Crllt^, and a
I town of riiorns with Nails, tu Ik- f>rought forth, anil
pul)lu'y reverriued by all his Men in the King'ii I'nUiiie,
tilling his MajrfK , it llioiiM be lit up in liiinc lii.'.h Moun
tain III his loomry ■, ikh only lor a I oken of gmnl h titer
lainment lor (.hnUians in ih.it l'l*.e, I lit .illo lor lih
own and Nation's Swuniy aikl Defence ^ lince, il tfwy de-
vmitly prayid to it, it would infallibly proteif them trom
the Milihielsot lightning an^ I lemjirO, as well ns fioin
othi-r I vi!s : I his the |ioor I'nnie promiled to do, know-
ing no belter, aiid i;lad to Ik- lodelmdexi lioiii I himder-
Iwlts.

12 ,\t their IV|Mrture Irom hence, this King's IMot',
brought them to the liles of Ztilm, /.uhi, M''Jfiinii,
Calij^ian, ol whih /ul^ui is the lirif, and has the bell
I raile. In Mijf.ixa they limnd Dogs, Cats, Hogs, Hens,
(ioats. Rue, (linger, liKoa, Millet, I'anii , Barley,
I igs, Dianges, Wax, and (iold, in great Plenty : This
I le lies in i>' 40' ol North Latitude, and ifi2' of Lon-
('iiiKle from their full Mendian. Ihey ftayetl here Light
I'ays, and then, lading to the N. W. paifeil by the llles
/.etien. Boh*!, Qwf/'w, Kvhiii, and Ltilf^hMn, in which lall
Il1e there are Bat-i as big as l'agle«, and that talle, when
drelTrsl. like a I len , there are alio .Stoik doves, liirtle-
doves. Popinjays, and a lertain .Sort of Fowl like liens,
which have little Hor •, and lav tlwir Lugs a Cubit's Dejith
ill the Sand, whert* the .Sun's Heat hatches them. From
Mffana to GiU«btin is alxiut ?.<> Leagues tailing to iht
Well , and Iroin (Altghan to '/.uhul alMHit 50 Ixagius, tu
which they now dire^-ted their Courle, having the Company
of the kingof ;Vfc^j»rf, who, out ol pure Iriemifhip, went
.s'on;^ with them , the Admiral having by nuny .Services
(rcurr! his Alfeetion.

I •. ,}pnl the -th, about Noon, they entered the Port
of '/ubiit , and, coming near the City, fired all the great
(iuns which put tlie Piair into a very great Conllcin.iiion:
Hut all this Appiehenlion of Danger Iront the .Ships was
i]i'ukly removid, by tlic coming ul tlitir F.mballoilor to
the Town, who allureil the King, that it was cullomary
with them to dili liarge then Canmm, whenever ihey rainc in
to any great Ports -, and that it was a Pieic of Rcf|Xif they
always paid to the dovemorsol Towns; He told him,
how Miighiy a Prune they were .Servants to ; and that
th-ir Defign was to lind out the Moluicas ; that tliey only
came to vilit him by the Way, hearing of his Fame by
the Kint; ol Mfjfiiiui •, and defircd him tof\irni(h them witit
Vii-tu.iU for the(^ommiKlit<is they had brought, l he King
bid ihrm welcome ; but told them, tlut it w.is a Culloin
there for .ill Ships tlut came to pay 1 ribute ; and that Ik
expei'ted the like Acknowleilgment from them. This the
Fmbair.Kior jxilmvely reitifcd, telling him, that hi* Ad-
nvr.il W.IS [he .Scivant ot lij great a King, tlut as he had
reser yet, lo he woubl not now liegin to make tlut Ac-
know ledgir.ent to any I'nnie m the World; and withal,
that it he would ai-iept ol Peace oftercil to him, wi II ; il
not, he Ihould (]uii kly h.ivc his Hands full of the War.
A certain \locr, that Hood by, toM the King, that thelc
were the Ptrtugue'f that h;ul conquered CaUiul and Ma
Idcca \ and theretore ads iled him to have a care how he
provoked them. Ljxin thi!>Conrider.-ition, the King con
eluded to refer tin Matter to this Council, and to give
them an .Anlwer the nixt Day, fending them in the mean
while Wine and Xu'tials. The King of MejTtma, who
was a very j-otenr I'nnce, went next alhore, anil 3(?ted very
genrroudy on their Heh.df with the King ol Zuhut \ thc
|- ft'i't ot whuh was, th.it the King, inllcid of dcm.iniliiig,
w.!.-^ now a!moll ready to pay Tribute himfelf j which they
rot at all inClbng ujHin, but defiling only LiN rty to
tiadt-, he tlicuilully granted it, aii.l oflcrcd to leal tiie

Covcnaac

of int' 1 lor
wire bio'.i
the Ailmira
Morning ar
the fame in
ttr the 1^11
liei UtJily (
with a lor.
Mif w.s
naral's .'shr,
-.err di;cl.
fjccame Lh
wouKI not
Sfaniard. i\
upon ;hr K
tag'ou'., FH
cmljr.iceil It
King I't
'I he .'\dnui
ilute kecov
ami briak .
ai^tn.ns fay,
e

chap. I.

r E R D I N A N D M A (j K L 1. A

I fiveiunt el IV*:e an^l FrKmlfhip witli hii BIikmI. AJtcr
ihin, flir Kmn of Mejjitna, thr Kinn of //f^«/, ami hh
Nrpljcw, rjinc on ImiiuI the Ailniir.il, Imnij-ln liiio I'rc-
|(iu\, 4n.l tontirmnl llie Lianur. The Ailmirol |>ri-
hiitlcil tlirm t>i rmbnicc the ChriiUdii luitli, whuli (lu/
iliil, alter lomc rcliRKmiGmtcrcncn, with I'lciliiiT, being
all •lt(rwari<% ()<t>ti/ril. 'rhi% I luinpic <it tlu- (;riut unrs
inMucni.ril the whole IflotKl, li> that Chridunit/ wu iini-
vcrtillv rrcriviil iht ir. When they t«n« to the t jty, they
iDtinil the king ID hM I'alace, IlltinK ii|)on ii Imc ot tine
Mat mitte ut lUti- l(4ve<i, having nu Amurcl luit 4 K<ini-
Imline Ci)trun ah<mt his W.iili : Abimt his i leiiil lie h.ul a
VVil «>l Necilk-wiik, atui ulx.ut hn Nctk a viry loilly
Chain, a* ;illb (lately Jrwcli in his M.axs : lie luil ixlore
hiin leveral I'orn Utie N'elli is, lonie with I'.^'Ks, ami others
lull ot D.ite ssine. I he rrini> eiitmaiiud ih in hkewilc
at h« I'alute \ ami, tor thur Diverlion, nude his Daiinh-
trr^ ting and liaiue nakid Ixlorc them. One ot th<- Spa-
mardi (lyiiiK, thry Mxtwi iMtavc ot the King to buiy him
in hu Land : lo which the King replied vi ry ^raiioufly,
Tlut hiice lie, and all hii, were 4t the Kin^ tiieir Mailer''.
IVvotKin. much more (hoiilil a tew leet ot his (ir«)iind
lie lo, m altordii>K a lUirying pl.uc to one of Ids .SuUjerts.
'I'hele I'cople cscmlr JuilKe in their l)eaJiii);s \Mth one
another, Ivceping to the Ule ul Weights ami Me.iliires.
Tiicir I loules are made ot limber, railed hinii u|io;i I'olls,
lo that they ^o \3\t by Staim to them. They t.ilk ot a icr-
Uin .Sort u4 VVatcr-lowl in this Country, a.s big a^ a Lrow,
which thiy call l.uj^hiin, whi«.h tin Whales loiiiaimes
IwoUow ilowii ali^e, and have their I learti e.iteii up by this
Hird , by m hu. h mean'' many ol tlKni an Icillcd, and ttie biril
is .UtiTwards lound alive in theCariale ot the Wlul : The
Slvin 01 this Fowl IS blade, but the Ik-lli good. The
Sp»ntiirdi had a veiy advaiiiagcou.s Bartering with thole
I'lsiple, they (.'.iving them I en I'lkis ot (lold a Ducat
ujul halt each) tor I ourtien I'oiinds Wcij^htot iron, iKiidcs
all lorts ot I'lovilions tor very I ritles. l he lupii/ing ot
thole I'rini is wa< pi itormul with very great Solemnity, the
Ordnaiiv. Iving all iiilcliar};ed ; whn.h tlie .\ilmiral told
the King Ixtoreliaiul, to prevent his being lur^itilcd. 'The
King ot Zu!mI Wits named Charles, and the i'rince hcrdt-
tinnao , tiu tiimcr ol thole Names beiiig the I'.mptrur's,
anil the Utter las Hiotiier's. I he King ot MrffMu wxs
named Jahn, .iixi the Aloonjb Courtur ChrijtopLir : Be-
lidd tlu I'riniesanil ['teat Men, tluMe were I'lvc hundred
ol int'iior Rank bapti/ed at the lame tune. All tlw Idols
were bio'^m, an-i the Crols lit up id divers 1'U.es, which
the Admiral engage^! them to pray veiy dev.nnly bjiorc.
Morning and L.vming : I he Qutcn was bapM/iil too at
the lame mm, with Forty ot her Luiies, ami her Daugh-
ter the Fiiiu; 's W lie ; She wa.s youi g and haiullome,
her Bixly covered wtili.i white Cloth, .iiu! lur I lead .idorn il
with 4 lor; <.t a iripk I. town mavt< <il D.ite-Kav<5 : Alt;r
Mil w,,5 ended, the King and touit dined in the Ad-
rrnral's ;s|(ip, in 1 lonovir ot wlumi .Jl ilir gre.it Ordnance
were (India giii. In Light D.i)s tune moll ot the ItUnd
became l.hnlliaiu, except «»nc Vilhige ol Idolater', whi^
wuuM not 'Uy the Kind's Command in tliis Matter : 'l- e
aptiniard. ll'jerel.)re burnt the \ illage, and eroded .; (rots
upon tiip Kuii'i ot It i anil, to On w the good and advan-
tagroiiu IvHV/.i ot Chnllnnity amongll the IVople that had
embi.iced it, a xery miraculous Cure was -.vrought upon the
King el //i>«;'s Brother, uj'on his receiving Baptilln.
I he Admiial, it Items, piiwned his Head t<ir his immc-
dute Kecovei7, it he woiikl lubmit to tius liicred Kite,
ami break all his Idols. And tluy who reconl thele Irant-
atti:-ns fay, that the Admiral did lave his I'awn, the I'rince
pertertly recoveiirg ot his Malaity loon alter he was thus
initiattd into the Chuilian Kelii;ion.

i.|. Not l.ir tnim 7,ubut lies the Ille ol Math.tn. the
Inhabitants ot which go cjuitc naked, except a flight C'o-
vcriig over the I'udmda, at which I'.irtall the Males, lx)th
great and rmall, hang certain (jold Kings, the Skan
being pietced tor tlut FiiriJot'c : 'I'lu y take as many Wives
as they plealc, one ot wiiii-h only has the Ooveniment ot
the I loufe. 'I hey ule very ixUi Ceremonies in their Sa-
criliccs to the Sun •, they liegin with ringing Bells, tiien
they I'prtael a Cloth upo:i the (itound, upon wliiili are let
certain I'lauers with Honey, Rice, and roall litlies. The

Saerilice they ofTi r is in I log, and the Manag) rt ol tlir.
C'eiemony arc Two old Wniinn, who fing .tud daiiei:
about the .\nim.:l, and louiul liumpits made ol Keu!^.
1 luy muiiiiile out t'Ttaiii I'luyiis m the Srin , aivl, alter
ievcrat antic and tilmiluiis (leltuies, they pour a Cup ut
Winu upon the Hog: Om ul th- viikmIIc Fudellrs
llrikes tiie lata! Blow with .1 I am e, anil ih' ii put* a llgiitcil
l,anui into the Crcatuic's Mouth, which lontuiuii Lum-
ing all the Tiiiie ot the d r. niony : The other dijs the
Keul rruiii|x't III the llloovl, .lull wit!i lii r I' inger In I'liie.irs
her Hu>baiui"s louheail, and tin n (In. lotelKads ot' the
rell ul th' Men wlio,iHilt ut the Saaitiie: \\ hm ihey lave
done, they dilrol >■ thcmlelves of fiieir priellly Attire, and
tail to latiiig the Honey, Kii.e,,anil I'llli, in which only
Woimn paitakc with tlu in : As (or the Iklli ot t!ic I log,

tlut is 110: to Ix'toudled, till the 1 Wo I'llLlKll't^ iiavc

craved a BIril.ng on it. As tor their luner.ils, th. ir C'c-
icnionies air almoll a.s ixttavag.iiit as thole ot their Sacri-
Jius : When a Man ol Figure dus, all the thicl' Women
g>j ro his Huule, and cany Boughs with I'leces ol Cot-
ton 111 them, whiili they talKti alx<ut the Corps i tlwy fit
rounJ. It cliut!>id 111 w!iite Cotton, tanning themlclvi s with
Ki'.iniliis ot Palm, the Room Ix'iiig incenfcd v.iih .Myirli
and .St >r;ix ull the while : Then a i'eiloii cume.'^, and cuts
otV ihe IFiir ol the Diceali.I by little and little ', a<:d, ut
the lame rmie. Instinct Witehi... upon his dtad I'ooy with
hei I'air, \ la:uls, and Feet to ' i>, trying aiKi laiiuniiiiy
while his . '.air is cut ii\\ -, but die changes her i ui eral
Notts into a merry Song •.iieii the other lias dont lUtti, g :
'I he Ceremony lal*» live Days, alter which they imlule
the Corple in a Fjiiiiitory built ot Wood, and made very
tall on every lide.

i^. This ille ot .V/«.'£i<j» was g« '.ined by Two Kings;
one ol whiiliretuling to pay Tribut- . heKingot Sp,ii>i,:hc
.Admiial went out tu reduce Inn I lie Jndmii had between
Six and Seven thoul.U"l M-ii luniin rd with >. ws and Ar-
rows, Darts and J.i\ m ■ which Army t!. iJiiuiaLu-
ucked with Sixty c' Ins '\tniiirds, armed with Coat* ol
M.iil and 1 leliiu t'. The Battle was tur a long time doul :-
lul : At lall the Admiral's Fleat and Courage carrying iin'.;
too tar amongll the Barlwnans, he was there hrll woiiiiJcd
with a poitbned Arrow, « ul afterwards thrull into the IKail
with a lance, which ended the Life and Actions of this
noble Commaiuler. Alxiut F'light or Nine ot his Men
were tlain, Md atioui .J liteen of the Enemy, Ixlides many
wounded, 1 he ^piimards would very willingly have re-
ileeincd the Botiy of their Admiral, but the Indiunj would
not conient to it upon any Terms. Thi.s, however, was
but the Beginning of their Mistortiuies ; lor the King, as
he h.id embraced their Religion without underllandiiig it,
alxmdoned it upon this Change in their Circumllances ;
aiu' ;aJe I'cace with his Riv.il, notwithllandingoneof tim
A" .• .lilled on was, that all the Strangers lliould be
inltaUi./ put to Death. 1 he b.irkirous Monarch was len-
lible enough, tlut by lorce he Ihould never bo able to exe-
u te this intamous Artule, and therefore he hod rccourfe
:o Fraud. \N ith this \'iew, he invited all the ^pau.ards^
that were on Shore, to a fumptuuus F^ntertainment ; anel
there, in the midll of their Fealling, he diridled them to
lie moll cruelly murdered, rei'erving only Don Juan Serrano
ahve. 111 order to have procured a Supply of Artillery and
Ammunition by way ot Ranfom fur hnn. With this De-
mand ol his the Span.ards would willingly have complied,
but lound lonuicli I'revarication and Treachery in his Ma-
nagement, and, ,it the fame time, were fo much intimi-
dated by the laie ol their Companions, that they rcfolved
to break oil' the Treaty, and jiut to Sea. The unfortunate
Strrano, wlun he law them about to weigh their Anchors,
threw himl'elf on his Knees ; and, in the moll moving
Terinj, Ivpged of them not to leave him in the Hands of"
It) b.ile a I'eople : But their F'ears, or r.ither their Care tor
their own I'relervauon, made them deaf to his Intre.ities,
ct'peciaily when, on a Muller, they tbtind their whole Force
confitled bur of F.ighty Men, that their Ships were in a
miferable Condition, and that, in order to have a l*rub.i-
bility of returning Home, it would be necellary to deflroy
One Ship, to make ule of her Stores and Materials in re-
pairing the otlu r Two. What the F'ate was of Serrano,
after their Departure, is not known -, but it is certain, the

Lois

.. '

W^ (

r ■

[/'!.

i 1 ,'

T ,(i:. of him pwval n very r,;r it I liii ^.in "i* t "> t'.K Voy.iR\
llficf, m->x to the Aiiinir.!!, ho was the l>iJM-tl ivlan, a;ul
tl..' Ix'lt Sram.ui, thrv haJ, one ot' t.,c- m> -.dors ot t!iis
NDyagc, an 1 who, if Iv ha>i livcci to rrttirn, wmitii have
animitcd tlie Imjif-ial Uiirt to f.itu.c Kxp.dicnns.

10. A liitV l)ftor.-thi- Admiral's Diath, thry Ruivid

N^ws of the Molucca, thr diicovering ol which this Way.

wa-. t!io great l'".na ot th^ ir \oyx^c : So that now Ifaviiijj;

MathMi, they lai'cii to ti.c lllf <>l Biiol ; and here- tht y

burnt the ('^Hifflnn, tiirnill.ing the oihir Two .Shi) s wiiu

th- Mm and Aniivuiiition of it. Pirceiin;; thur C'uurle

from hence to the South \S'cil. they came to the Ide Pi: i-

hghn, inhabited hv B!.t:ks: From heme th y came to Cbp-

pit, which n a large lie ; and it is al->out to Leagues trom

/utul, in S ne;;rcrs tt Nc^h l.atitiule, .ir.d aU^iit |- '

Degrees of [,oni;iti;;le (rom their tirtl Stage, it abounds i i

Rkc, Ginger, (-cuts. I l(.i^:s Ha-.s, fcV. and the king ol

it ga\ e them a tri ndly Ric jnion. In T<.ken ot IVaie he

marked his titxiy, hice, and I ip of his I ongue, wiih

Blood, whuh he drew out ot his Lett Arm •, and the Spa

mards tollow?d him m that lliKJiiy Ceremony. Saihng

trom luncc about 40 I .e.ii;,u-.s, between the W rl\ and J-outh

Welt, they eame to ( ".r^'tvi;,;;/, a very great Illand, i ut not

well inhafiited : The People are Moors, hxih s tiom hcrneo,

rich in Gol.!, and, ii'i tlieir principal \\ rajHms, ule pui-

tbned Arrows, whieh is pi united alto in moil ot the Iflanos.

Steering Wc(f and Nortli WcU 23 Leagues, Inmghtthim

to Pu'.c.m, a very tiuirtul l:l.im!, lying in the 9' ;.o' ot

North latitude,' and 179' 'o of Longnude, liomtluir

tirif IVparture : It yiekls much the tame I'nxlucts as (.hip-

/!/, bclidc. very l.irgc Figs, Battatos, Lotoas and Sugar

canes. The like t'ertmonie'; alio were here uled in 1 okeii

ot Friendthip between the King and the Spaniards, as were

at Ch'ppit : I'he I'eople go :-.aked, ule I'Oifoiicd Arrows.

and are mighty I^jvcrs ot tlie S|)ort ot Lex k- lighting ;

They make a fort of Wmc iiere ot Kiee, whu h is very in-

toxi rating, but otherwiit- Ix-it-r than that ot the I'alni.

17. I he famous Ule of Bcrnrt, to whicii they came
nrxt, IS a very large and nch llland : It lies in c,^ 5 of
North latitude; tin: chief City containeil no Irfs than
Twrntytive thoufand Houfs. '1 he King was a Mecr,
a I'nncf of very great I'ow r, kept a magnificent Court,
and was always attendee! by a iv;merous Guard. He lent
the Capui!!« (everal IVeluit', and orv.ered a Couple ut I'.lc-
phants, trapjxd with Silk, to Ix" led torth to bring the
Sptimlh Meliengrrsan i Pictents to the Falaec : i ic has 1 en
Secretariesot State, tiiat wntc his Atiaiis in Barks of Trtcs :
! lis Houfhok! is gov( rnui by W onur, wiio are thr Daugh-
ters ot Ins ehiel Couitiers ; His Subjects juy him llieir
Rfverence, bvlifimgup their I Ian s elolcd Three times
over their Ihads, then Idling up th.eir Feet one alter the
other, and lalllv killing their Hands : I hey e hew a great
deal ot the Betele m this Country, and dnnk a Kiee-lpirit
railed by th- m Jrj(. The Country aticnls Ca;nphire,
which is the Gum ol th* Tr.e Cajar-, .illo Cinnamon,
(iing'T, Myrolaians, Cvraniiis, L'n.ins, Sugar, Cuium-
bers. Melons plmty ot I-o«l and Ik.ill-, and whatever
can be cxjx.-i'ted in th.it C lini.itr.

18. Yiivw^ Borneo, they cair.c to the Me Ctmluhcn,
which lirt in S' 7' ot North latitude : Here they
Ibyed Potty Diys talking tiuir Ships, and taking in
frrlh Water .uul luel. In thr Wtxxjs .it tins lllc they
found a Tree, the 1 eivi-s ot whi' ii, as li><in as thev fall on
the Grouni', move trom Hiare to 1'l.tee, as ii they w(tc
alive. I h^y i-linil le Mu.lxrry-lcavrs, and on the Sidu
ot them thtf aie certain Piljres pnxiuced, that term like
Intle Fgg«. It th<yarecut or broken, tiKtc is nothing
like Blot)'! iMrest-jith; I'Ut, it uiey are touihed, they
(uddaily fprmg away. t'i^itfr:ut, Ironi whom we take
the A'f/unt, t-ied this, keeping one ot thcli Leat-.\ni-
mi's in a Dilli f<r ! i^^ht Days '. Tiic l;".e al)ouiuis witli
()f!n lies, wild I log... .iniiCr(K.),:il(S. 'J liry took Iktc
a Filh, headed like a Swnv, v.ith 1 wo i lorns ; its Boiiy
all one i!itirc B<jiie, and lonuthmg III,, a .>iai!d:e in its
Back. I hey iaied from lienie by tne Well towares t!ie
South talt tor I'.e .VcAv../?.', and m '.aer Way lound the
.S<j lull ot V\ vcd.aml Hi ids, llns v/as near leruuii great

• 7'(in Account it nol nii\\ iiiip(uU>'jl<', b.i
ri«i;li.. ( .Ni'.-ral ij;l;pry

riv V o Y A c; r. s oj

Hook I.

M(>iintains. Tins C'ourlo brouglit tlicm to the Iflci of
Silo lagbim.i, wlnili alVoi.led very line Feail : From hence
it was that t;ie King of Hornr) g -t a Coii|)1j of Pearls, as.
round, .\\u\ M I y near .is bi;^, .is a 1 leii's l-'.gg.

I.;. 1 luy lame i.ixt to iiatboiir in the i\\c Saran^am,
tep.jitcd to ) kl bi th Gold aiul IVarl J and here they
pnllid I'wo l'ilot> lor tli.ir AAj/wum Voyage. They padcU
tiie I es C" rt»f,i, Canuh, Cjbuiio, Cimuca, Cub.tiu, Qbiai,
Jjpat, aiKl A^i.s; and came to a lair llk-uid, called Sanger,
in j^ :o ot North Latitude V wl.uh lllc had Four Kings.
1 lavi;ig palii d 1 ive other lilands, tlity at l.ilf clbicd 1
tmall Clulter ol Five Idands, which their Pilots laid were
tiie Mduii.rs. Th;5 was the 6th ot November, and the
.:7ih Month alter tht ir Dcjwnure ironi SpaiH. Theytried
tlie Depth of tiie Sea, with their Plumbft, about thcle
lilands, and tound it no kls thin 102 Yardsi which Ihcws,
that the I'tnu^ueft deligned none ellc Hiould come thither
bu: themlelvts, when they told the World, that thofc
Se.Ls were lo lliallow, that there was no failing there, bcfidcs
tlie other D.ingers of Roeks and Shelves, and tontinuJ
I'aikiu'fs.

If). Nr.-(mi,r 8. before Sim-rifmg, they entered the
Port of Uridcre, which is one of the* Chief of the Mo'
lunas. Hie Kiig was a Moor, but, rKiCwithftandiiig the
Pieiudiee^oi his Religion, lb extremely fond of the .V^j-
nsards, and to much vkvoieel to the Service of their Matter,
that he bid tiiem eonw .-.fhore into their own Country and
1 loul; s, called tlicm his Brethren and Chiklren •, nay, in
Compliment to them, i hanged the Name of his KinpJoin
tioni lindere into C.:fiiU\ Thefc Moluccas are Five in
Number, 'leritate, 1 iridore, Mulir, Maechtan, and Bac-
ibu:n ; (it all thefe [(mate is the chief, and the King of
It was once Lxjrd of oil the reft. Mutir and Maccbiam
were then Commonwealths, but Baccbian a Monarchy.
I he Clo'.e trees here arc very tall, and as big about as a
Man , the Boughs large in the Miiklle, and Iharp at the
1 op i the 1 raves like thole of Bay-trees, and the Bark of
an olive Ci.lom . 1 he Cloves grow in large Clufter^ at
the 1 ops ot the B<jughs ; at firll they are white, red -.vhen
they come to Maturity, xnd grow black by after-drying i
the Leal, Bark, and WchxI, lieing green, is as llrong as
the Clove itlell : Ihey gather tticm twice a Year, in Junt
and December •, iiid, it they don't uke them in time, they
grow very haid. 1 very Man has his own peculiar Trees,
tjut they bellow l)ut little Husbandry upon them. They
Juve alio 111 this lile a luit cl a Tree, the Bark of which,
being lUtiH'd in W ater, may be drawn (Hit m Imall Fibres f.>
the 1-incnels ot Silk ■, and ot this the Women make a fort
ot .Aprons, which is all the Covering ttiey make ufc of.

i.\. Near //ndf^r lies the "rcat lllc Cj;/e/.', which is di-
vid.ed Ixtwern Mcors and // tn: : I he i woKings ot th«
Micrs have eontr.lnitid tt. ilirlves very liberally to tlic
peopling ot the Illaiid, the one of them having bix>, and
the other 0:o Children The Faxans were more ablle-
mious in thcic .M.itti is, as well .is ids lui>erltitioiis in other
reljKCts, tliaji dv Moon -, yet tiicy ie|)oct ot ttiem, that
they adore t!ie full thing ihcy lee in til- MotniJlg. In thij
Il'e (here 15 a lort ol a Reed grows as big as a Man's l.x-g,
and lull ot a V( ry limpid Water, wind, makes a wholfonic
Dunk, l^meniber M. a pul'lic Waretioule was api^jinted
in tile Lity lor thr Sale eil" their .Merchandize : The Lx-
ch.inge at the t.llowing i<ates ■, tor 1 en Vajdi of good
nd Lloth, ihi-y I, .1.1 (;ne Bahar ot Cloves, every Bahar
being Four Cant< rs, and Six I'oumls, and every Canter
too///. Weight: For Fitte.n Vanls of a meaner Cloth,
diey hail 11, Camhe oik- Balur ; lor Thitty-tive drinking
Glallis, oi.c tlitui ; l-or .Seventeen Cathy Is of (.Juicklilver,
01. e Bahar. 'Ihry bn ught all forts ot Provilions daily to
t;ie.r Ships, and a loit ot trrfh Water, which fpiings out
ot the Mountains \shi le the CIijVcs grow. It is hot wlien
It comes out ot the Spring, Ixit very lolJ wiien it has Hood
awhile in tome other i'Lue. They leceived here a very
I ngi.lar Prelent tor trie King ct ^pain trom the King of
Baidian, whidi was a Ct iiple ol deaii Birds, alM)ut tlie
Bignels ot 1 uitl'. s, with very l.tile 1 lrads.ind 1 a:gs, longBilis,
'I wo or I'hree loi.g leathers, paiii coloured at their Sides,
ii.lhad oi V\ iiigs ; their whole Bodies bclidesol one Colour,
intrcJiUc . V« f luvc tciaincd i', beaufc, on iht Cr< Jii «f rffn/nia, it tiu Uen t.^«ii iiiig feveni

and

Chap. I.

FERDiNANb Magellan.

^
'?

*,^

oloiir,

aiiJ

and that near a TaWny ; they never fly, but wlicn th?;
\Vi ml blows to help tliem ; the M'jjrs taiily tlicy come
tlovvii lioin I'aradile, ami ihcrctorc call them the Binis of
(Joil. As lor all the Moluaas in general, their Protluits
arc Cloves, Ginger, Kicc, Sagu-bread, Goats, Siietp,
I lens, I'opinjays, white and rcu Figs, Almonds, Pome-
granates, Oranges, and L-cmons, and a fort of Honey
which is made by liies kfs than Ants •, befidcs Siigar-
eants. Oil of Cocoas, Melons, Gourds, and a Fruit which
ihi y call Camulical, which is extremely cold. Tlic Na-
tives of thele Illamls were all Heathens, the Moors having
jiot liad Footing there above Iiky Years before the i>pani(irJs
lame. The llle 'linJoie is in alx)Ut 27 Minutes North
l^atitude, and 1 70^ Longitude, from tiicir Firil Meridian,
and alKJUt >j' 30 from tiie Jnhipelago, in which are the
Lcidroncs, and run to the Quarters of South-well and
N. N. I'.. 'Icnmic is in lour Minutes of South Latitude ;
Muiir is directly under the F.quinoitial \ Machtan is in
liHeen Minutes ol South Latitude •, and Baccbian m One
Minute 1 and this llle is the biggcll of all the Moluaas.
When they ileparted from hence, they had the Kings of
feveral lll.inds attending tiiem in tlieir Canoes. 1 hey
were eondurbd by them to the Ifle Alare, .uid there this
Royal Company took, their Leaves ol tluni, not without
great Sorrow. In this Ilk they left a leaking Ship beliin.i
them, givin'^ Orders, it li. could be repaired, tor its Re-
turn into SpMit.

11. I'hcy diredcd their Courfc to the South-weft from
Marf, iKing now more in Number th.in Forty-fix 6pa-
/i!iird.<, .uid rhiitei;n Iiuiians. I'hey p.ilVrii the Ifles of
Cl'jicuun, L.agcma, Huo, (Hcgbi, Capbi, ^uUibo, Ljima-
to'ui, 1'enetum, Buru, /lmlio)i, Budia, Olururi, Be»ai,t,
jlmi'iiUc, Bandon, /.cnbua, Zoloi, Mo.euamer, Galian, and
AliiLUii, belides many others poliell'ed by Mocrs, Uenllens,
and Lin:ba!s. 'I'h.y llaid at Mallua Fifteen Days, njuir-
in;; their Ships. It lies in H' ot South Latitude, and ii)'f
40 Long, according to thi ir Reckoning. I'liere grows a
vail deal cl Pepper there, both long and round ; the
Leaves of the 1 ri.c like Mulberry-leaves, and climbing
like Ivy. The People are pertect Canibal.s ; the Men
wear their Hair and Beards put up in Canes ; and, for
Weapons, ufe only Hows and .Arrows. ''January the 2Uh,
1 552. leaving Mailua, tliey arrived aflima, which is Five
Ijcagues dillant between the South and South-wert ; here
thiy tound Ciinger, the V\ ood of white Sanders, divers
Fruits and Bealh, Cjold, and plenty of all Ibrts ot F.o-
vilions : The People of the MoliUiUs, Jaia, and !^zen,
fetch their Sanders Irom this Iiland. It lies in 10° South
Latitude, M<.\ I-.;." ol Longitude. The Inhabitants are
Klijlatir^,, and have among them, whiih is alio common to
all the hies (vf the .h\.'ipehigo, the Dillemper we call the
yriereal Di/cafe. Sailing a long Courfe trom hence, be-
tween the Welt and North-w<lt, theyiame to the Ilie ot
l-'.udf, whieh yields great Stoie ot C'liiunion. In this
'I r.ici ot Sea tlu n is a long Su ing ol IlLuuls lying in Order,
behind one anotlier, as tar as tli' Grcihr '/,iia, and the
Ca|x.- ot Maluua. About halt a Lcai^ue trom this r.i'ri..';i7'
y.nd, lies Java :hf J.ejs, which is lull as fig as the III-- ot
Madeira. l(byu:!ry the 1 ith, failing trom rimor, they
got into the great Sta l.an.'ibiJc!, and iteered aw.ty b--
twein the Welt and Soulhwelt, leaving the NortliCoalt
on then Kight lliiui, taking caie not ti liiil too luar tiie
Shore, lell. itu Bortiit^itj}, wluj were leat.d at Malttua,
ihould chance to ditiovvr them ; and, on this .Aeeu^int, thiy
<iirect:cd their Courle without the llle of Sumatra. .\\\i\
that iliey might pate tin- CajH; ot Coud-J/ope moicf-eurelv,
they liiiled alxiut 4'' t..\\aril the South I'ole, v..iitiiig 111
tiiolc I'arts Seven We. ks tor the Wind. The Cape ot
Cio.d Hope they oblerved to be in !4" i.'^' ot Soiitli lati-
tude, and lOu^i LeagUiS tiom the C.ipe ot MaidL.a.

2j. But, having pafl ail Hangers of the Cai>e, being
fmartly pnuheil with Hunger and Siekneis, Ibmt ot them
Were torputf.ng mat /Ut;.;w/;y«^ti)r a little Refrelhment i
liiit the m.ijor I'ait ot the Company ((inLluiiinp., that the
Pcrtuguefe, who weie there, would prove but uiUuward
I'iiylicians tor iluir Pitleiupers, they relolved to lai! home-
wauls ; This they d;il in .1 Lourle towatds the Soutii-welt,
for tin- Space ot i'wo Months, without touching aii)-
wliae , in whieh lime they loft Twttitjr one Men ot thiir

Numb. 2.

Company, the Remainder being upon the Point of llarving.
They came in good time, under tiiis NecelVity, to St.
James, which is one of the Cape de Verde lilands, and
there they were forced to throw thcnitelves upon the
Mercy of the Portuguefe ; lb that, ventuiing afliore, they
opened their miferable Cafe to the Pcrlw^iiefe, who were lb
generous as to relieve them the firlV, and lo barbarous as
to detain them Prifoners the next time tin y came lor Food.
Thole in the Ship, linding their Companions I'liirteen in
Number) llopt by the Portii^iirje, and having no mind to
bear them Company in Prilbn, made all ti.c Halle th.-y
polTibly could away i and, the Wind tilling tli;ir Sailsthey
came September 7. into the Haven ot Si. Lucjr, near
Sevi/le.

24, The Pcrfon who commanded thisWlfel, which liad
the good Fortune to return, was one Ji,wi Sih.ijli.m Cane,
a Native ot the Town of (.iiietaiJa, in Bifcay, a Man ot
great Sj)irit, and equal Fejriune, whole Succefs in this
refpeft was very nobly rewarded by the EmiJeror Charles
the Vth, who, to perpetuate the Memory of lb glorious
an Exploit, gave lum tor his Arms the '1 errellrial Globe,
with this Motto, Primis me circitmdedijji ; tliat is, Thou
firjl fioroundedjl vie. Some Ciities liave rem.rked, that,
inllead ot (irt.umdedij}i, it Ihould have been circumiiijli, or
iircii»inaiii;.ijit ; but this was a kind of Fxac'tncis un-
worthy (<f lb gre.it an F!mperor. The m w-difcovcred
Streights were tor awhile called the Streigb.'s ui' yi^loiia,
trom the Ship that returned ; but they loon loll that Name
to alfume another, which llemed nu;ch better to beomc
them, I mean that of tlieir Difeovcrer Ahg.-'.l.m ; wh ch
they are always like to bear, and thereby perpttu.ite the
Memory of that worthy Man, who, in po;nt of Courage
and Condud, thewed liimfelf every way equal to the great
Talk he undeitfjok, and wlio, though he did not live to
come home in x\v yielorta, ought to be eonliiLred as the
iole Author of the Dileoverics m.u!e in this I'.xpedition,
fmce the Courle litiled after his Death had nctliing in it
new, but was what the Pcrtiigitefe had often done b. tore.

15. By this remaikablc I;.xpedition, the Skill and Pe-
netration of the great Cclumbus, wlio tirtl foriiied an Ide.i
ot the Poifibility of performing it, received luw I.iillre,
and the World in general new Light. It was now no
longer a Qiiellion to f e difputed by Argiinvius, whetlier
the World might be circum-navigated \ this Voyage put it,
as a Fact, out of Dil'pute. One of Magellan^ Li.mpanious
theretore, .Intonio Pigafetia, a Native ot I'iceii:..!, in Italy,
to whom we Hand indebted tor the bell -Account extant of
the wiiolc Voy.ige, had Realbn to conclude his Re'ation
thus : " Thele were Mariners, who lluely ir.erited an
" eternal Memory, more jutlly than the .irgoncuts ot okl,
" \s ho lailed with 7i7y(?«, in Search of the Liolden Mrece,
" into the Region of Ct/i/'/.t, and entered the Kwnt Pknf.<,
" trom the Sea of Poniiis. The Ship too undoubtedly
" deierved tar better to be placed among the Stars, th.m
" tluir Shi|) .-/ri^ff, which, trom Grtcce, ilillovtr.d th.ir
" gtiat Sia ; l-oi this our wonderful Shiji, taking I.er
" Dfi--aiture trom the Streights of Gihralt.ir, and i.iJing
" Southwards through tiie great Octan tow.uvls tin .in-
*' tarciic Pole, and then turning Well, followed thaiCourli;
" tl) long, that, palling round, the came into the I'.all,
'• and tlienee ag;un into the Well, not by fiiiing back,
" bit pioeeeding contt.mtly toiw.ird-, lo coinpalihig about
" tlie Globe of the World, until Ihc irtarvelouily regained
" h.i native Country vV/:/;/;, and the Poit tiom which the
" departed, Seville."

ii>. I'lus remarkable Voyage took up Three Years and
Tluity-feven D.iys •, tor tlicy dep.irted ,-.«-.7y? 10. 1319.
ai.d returned September 0. i.-.;^. One thing however w.us
diUovered m it by fxpeiimce, whieh Realun h.is taught
to explain, though by Realon it could h.irdly have been
tound out ; for, on their .Arrival at the Moltuwis, they
teiuiivl thcmfelves a Day milbiken in their Reckoning,
wiiich w.ts not owing to any Negligence in them, liut to
the Courle they tailed ; tor it is now a Truth, iulbiifd by
Pravtiee, as well as agreeable to the Principles of Geogra-
phy and Navigation, that lueh as l.ul Fall, '.i,l they come
luc. to the Place they left, have teen the Sun rile, [mIs tli;:
Meiidian, and let, once more than their Countrymen they
left behind them-, and cwnltquently gain a Day -, and that,

The V OY AGES of

Book I.

in like manner, luch as fail Wcftward round the Globe,
lofc a Day •, which alters their Account, lx)th with rcfpeft
K) the Day of the Month, and o»' the Week. MagillM'i
Crew cjuid not avoid taking notice of fo ftrangc a Cir-
cumrtancc, though ihcy knew not how to account for it %
anJ yet modern Geographers explain it very naturally, and
very precifely: From whence it is evident, how much
Praftice is improved by L,earning and Swdy •, for this
iiitircly depends upon the diurnal Circumvolution of the
Sun, which may begin at any nKridian Circle, and fo gp
routid till it comes back to the ftinc Meridian. This
King once conceived, the Whole becomes immediately
plain i fmce fuch as fail FaftwanI, advance to a Meridian
which the Sun reaches fooner tlun he did that they Idt,
an^l therefore they bcgm to count their Day fo much ihc
fr.oner : For Kxompic, if thiy fail Fifteen Degrees, they
will begin the Day an Hour fooner, and this Anticipation
fti'l incrtafcs as they go Kaftwai-d ; and, being once come
to tiK- opiTofite Meridian, their Day begins Twelve Hours
l(>!)ncr i and, ha\ing gone round, they begin the Day
Tvunry four Hours fooner than in the Place they came to,
wht Tv It IS Mid-day to both, v/hen the Sun is in the South.
An! io they that go Weft, will have the Sun later in their
Mtndian by a whole Hour, if tiny fail Fifteen Drgixrs to
the Well, which poftpones the Day an Hour for every
Filteen Degrees, which comes to Twenty-four Hours in
Ikiling round. Since we arc upon this Subjeil, it may not
lie ainils to obferve, that they may diflisr a whole Day in
fomc Places very near each other : For Inllance, let us

fuppofc a Sptnijh Ship to arrive at the Philippim Iflandsj
and, at the fame time, a Ptriugutft Ship at Matat, %
Port of CbiM, poflcfled by that Natron, and under the
fame Meridian a* fomc of the PbilippiHt Iflands : It may fb
happen, that the Permguffi may keep EM^tr, while, with
the SptmardSy it is ttill Um. We may eafil;^ apprehend
thii, if wc confider, that the Pertugntfe, failing Eaft,
arrive a Day fooner at \f»cao, than the Spaniards, who
came Weft, arrive at the Philiptinfs \ and thus, under the
fame Meridian, it it very poflTible they may differ a Day in
their Reckoning.

27. Another Cimimftance that fcrvcd to heighten the
Reputation of MagtUan, was the Difficulty that other able
Seamen met with in foltowing his Coiirfe. The lirfl that
made that Attempt, were Two Gfltw/# Ships in 1526. but
without EfTeA. Ferdmand Corles, the Conqueror of New
Spain, fi^H Two Ships, and 400 Men, in 1528. todif-
cover the Way to the Moluccas throuph the Streights, but
without Succefs. Se^Jitan Cahot tried it alio by Commiirion
irom Den Emamiel King of Ptrtugal, but couW not do it.
yfmrricus Vefpuftns was lent by the fame Prince, but could
neither find the Streights, nor the River of La Plata.
Stmcn Aha/ara, a Spaniard, attempted it likewifc with
Icveral Shij«, and 144 Men t but cannc back without per-
Ibrming it, his Men having mutinied. All thcfe fcveral
Attempts, a* well by the Spaniards u other Nations, were
made before the Expedition of Sir Francis Draki : /in Ac-
count of which is to be our next Subject

i!-

S E C T I O N IV.

The Foyage of Sir Francis Drake round the Glohe.

I. Tie Kiriih- and CbarafJfr of Sir Francis Drake, j. His Tuo firft Exftditiim aji^ainji the Spaniards,
(ivj Rfilution to fail tbrougb the South Seas. 3. Hn Strength whtfi he Jit i led, A. D, i fyy. on this Ex-
piditim. 4. Hii A.hi-niitris in the Cajx: dc Vcrd IJlands. f . Defcription of the Iflandi of St. lago,
and Del F(jg,a. 6. Tbiir Anivol on thi Cotijl of liiahl. 7. Trade with the Inhabitants of the Country at
the Mcutb of tic River hi Plata. 8. Continue tbfir Foyage to the Streights of Magellan. 9. Misfor-
tune at the ///.;;;./ c/ Mixiia. jo. Plunder the Town of St. lago, on tie Coa/t of Chdi. 1 1. Other rich
Prizes taken on tlkjt Coiijl. ii, A rich Spauiili l'<'^fl called tit Cacafaqjo taken, and Cuatulco ^/i//;-
dtred. II. They luil Northicard to the dali of CAxionWi. 14. Defcription of that Country, ami its
Inhabitants, if. Their Cxurfe to the Moluccas, and Tranfa3 tons there. 16. Defcription of fever at
Ifands. 17. A count of jiv^ Alitor, a'lJ their Icii^ Run to Sierra Lcoua. 18. Departure from thence,
and fafe Arrival /« F.nglaiiil in Sept. 16. if 80. lo. Clamours raifed againji him on his Return.

20. %«•(•/» lilizabctb Jr: s on board '::> Slip at Dcptford, and confers on him the Honour of Knighthood,

21. RxcapituUtiin of Things kc/} ib/.^rrahle i'l this Voyage cf Sir Francis Drake, 22. Aconci/e Ac-
count of his Ail ions to his Death. 33. Tie Confequcnces of his failing round the Ctobt to Us, the Spa-
niards, and other Nations.

' T lus been obtrvcJ of mod of the Herc>es of An-
tiqutt)-, that iluy wcrcot a dubious Delccnt -, wlmii
gave an Opponuniiy of frequently Lithcr ; them
upon their God?: And in this, anJ well as in many other
afpccls. Sir Irancu Drake nlcinblcil thdir ancient i lerois.
'Ilu- learned Camden tclis us, that he was the .Son of a
Clergyman, who, in the Tirm- of C>viecn hlizahtth, be-
came Vicar cf Lpncrt, on the i<ivcr MrJiLjy '. But the
induftrious Jobn Stove fays, that h ■ was the cUltft of I w;:lve
Brtthren, all Children of Ldmund Dvjkt, of Tavijiak, i;i
the Couniy (A Dn-on, Manner \ and that he was born in
tlie Year r -40 '. Ihc only way to reconcile thclc Ai-
coiints, b^th ol which I Ulievt are tnir, is to lupix/t tluit
FJm:md Drakf, being a zealous Protcllant, luirtniig
mu(h !<)r his Religion m the Days (>t Henry VIII. ami,
having like wile a compitci t .Share ot I^ariiinj^, was or-
dained Deacon in the Uass ol tjuccn hlizahetb, and fet-
tled at Upncre. As for our 1 Itro.Tic r. ccivtd the Chnftian
Name of Francis, from his (jodfadiir Fniniis I arl of

prentice to the Matter of a fmall Bark trading to Franet
and Ztland ; vrho, liaving a great Affection tor the L-id,
a.id Uiiig hiinftlf a Batchelor, whcnhecanieto die, left him
his B.i!k. .\: the Age of Eighteen Mr. Drake was made
I'utlirr ol a Ship, which went to the Bay of Btfi:ay\ and
at Twenty he lua^lc a \'oyage to tlic Coall of Qtunej. In
all thcfc Voyagis In- diiliiiguilhed hiinlclt by his extraor-
dinary C<;uragc, a:;d by a Sagacity very unulual in Pertbns
of lus Age. His Lu.Ublc Dtlir-: of Glory indiiicd him
to venaiif all that he ii,4ti in the WorKI in a Voyage to the
// ifi Inuiti m the Year 1 ^65. but in this he liad no Suc-
tcls. In 15O7. he ftrvcd undit his Kmiman Sir John
llauknii, in tit* Bay «jI Mexico ; but was lliJ iinluiturvate,
retunung from ihrntc nth in point of Fame, bur, as to lus
Cirf.uniilam.ts, in a ir.aniicr umlonc. Thtlc Difap^xnnt-
mcnts iuvtd only to h-.ightcn lus Rcfentmcnt i and i]icre-
lorc he matic Two Voyages more into thole Parts, tlic firll
in 1370. Willi Two Ships, the Dragon and Swan, the fc-
cirtid 111 1.-71. in the i-;w« alone, (urcly tor the l4ke of

Bedford: But itdoc-inot app'-W. diat he obta.iud any great Iiiforinat.on, ami that he might qu.ihly hinilcli for under-
Btneiit from tlut NoblenianM'atroiiai'.f in hi* Vouili 1 lor taking tomethiiig ol Importance w. tiiolc Parts, which by
I liml, that, as ioori as he was al)k-, he was luit to Sea, Ap- lus Courage and Pert verant. , he brought to bear "

brought

I In hu Anral, u( (iKcn £/...*,//■. .V i)^ i jr,;. «hc^ ^^ u,,. „„, he h«l ll.«c |',„.cuh,. (,om S„ fr,,.,, iV,«,', „»„ Mould

-» n 111. A,//», ./ E^U,J, f. 5H-. w.. crchcu>. ro.h..i. .1 Mr hJm..J Dr..t.\ bMi.jj W., u ;,-«.,. »nd y« llitv,- J^.nuia.ive ol C... .«

rourt .ng u.c Uic» ai,J iaa. flii. Awunt lu> bt«0 wmf«i(d m^Mk »U hilhtrto i,uUiili«U. MiutuUrlv .Mr

C'hspliui uuri.ij tJie Vo/»|t. - —...., ,,. > • ' '

flii,.h''\, «ho »»i

1. His

look I.

pine Iflandsi
it Matao, a
i under the
I : It may lb
while, with
J apprehend
failins Eaft,
miardsy who
lit, under the
ifFcr a Day in

heighten the
at other able
"he firft that
in 1526, but
leror of A'ifW
528. todif-
Itrcights, but
r Commiflion
.lid not do it.
c, but could
)f La Plata.
likcwifc with
without pcr-
thtfc fcvcral
Vatiuns, were
akt: AnAc-

3va. ;•: J ^

bt Sfwniards,
, on this £x-
of St. lago,
hi Country at

9. Mis/or-
I. Other rich
latulco plurt'
liry, ami its
H of fever al
from thence^

kii Return.

Knighthood,
tconL-l/e ytc-
Us, the Spa-

ing to Franct
tor the L<id,

die, left him
■iikt was made
\ Bifioy \ and

1 Guinej. lii
y liisi cxiraur-
lual in I'crlbn*

i.uliiuj him
Vi^yagf 10 tlic

Imd no Suc-
na.'i Sir John
il unluilurutf,

bur, OS to lus
Ic l)iU|)f.>oint-
it , anil tjicrc-

'arts, t!ic firll

Swan, the Jc
iir tlic lake ot
kit for undcr-
rts whitli, by
) hear ".

Irtoulh. ■ ' " ■

luliiikC of t'»ie in

C) . {J^/^A A' CIS (/)/? A KE .

x%J^<'fi from an C^rryi/z/f/l/a^/iU/tjO^ /a^/' m M^'^(>^^f>i^ri of

•. His

I t

1 1

m •

Ifi':

Chap. I.

J» F A A N C I S I>R A K Ei

a. His Charaifter being now fuificirntly cftabliflted, he
found enow ready to venture Part of their l<orianes in a
Voyage he propored i for wliiih, having made all Things
ready, ht- lailed Mtrf the 24th, 1572. in tiic P4/ca of Piy-
month, whicii was of no greater Burden tlian Seventy Tun,
having for liis C.onfort the Swan, of Two hundrcti and
Mty Ton, commanded by his Brother JobH Draif, with
Seventy-three Men and Boys, and Provifions for a Year.
Such was the Preparation he made for atuckingthcKingof
SpaiH in the fyeft Indiity which he believed he had a Kight
to do, in order to m^ke Keprifals for what he had fuifcrcd
by his Subjedls. In this Voyage he lacked the famous
Town of Nombrt it Dies, and foon alter faw, from an high
Tree, the South Seas ; whicli Sight inflamed him with a
violent Dcfirc of carrying an EH^liJh Ship thither, an At-
tempt never maiie, perhaiM never thought of, before that
Time. In this Expedition he acquiml immenfc Riches
for hi.s Owners, as well as himfelf j being a Man of fuch
Gcncrolity, that he fcorneil to take even thofc Advantages,
which any other Man would have confidered as his Right i
of whicii wc have a verv remarkable Inftance in his Beha-
viour, on a Prefent made lum by a Captain or Prince of
the Irte Indians iniubiting the I(\hmus of Daritn, who,
in Retiini tor a Cutlalii prcfented him by Captain Drake,
gave liim l-our large Wedges of Gold, which he threw
into the common Stock : " My Owners, faid he, gave me
" tiutCutlalsi and it Lsbutjulltlieyniould have their Shares
*' uf its Produce." Hi» Return to England was as fortunate
as hi» foreign Expedition ; for, in Twenty-three Days, he
failed from tiic Capes of Florida, to the Iflcs of Sdlly ;
and, arriving at Plytnoutb on Sunday ^iuj^uft the 9t.H, 157?.
in .Sermon- time, the News ct Captain Drake's Return be.
big tarried into tiic Churcli, there remained few or no Peo-
ple with the Preociiei, all running out to oUcrve the Blcf-
iiii^', of Ciotl ujx;n the dangerous Ailventures of the Cap-
t.iin, who had fpt-nt One ifcar. Two Months, and tome
odd Days, in this Voyage. 1 he Wealth he had thus ac-
quired, he generoufly l"iK:ni in his Country's Service, eijuip-
piiig no led than I'iiree I'rigates at his own E.xpence,
whicli he commaiuleil m Pcrlon, and with which he con-
tributed greatly to t!ic Rcdudion of tlic rebellious Iri/k,
under the Conduct of tliat worthy Nobleman h^ai/er Earl
of l.Jffx. A tier his Death, lie choli; tor his Patron Sir
Chrijlopber llatton, at that time Viccchamberlain to the
Queen, and altr rwanis Chancellor of England : By his In-
tercil, notwitliltorviing great Oppolition, Captain Drake
obuincd die Queen's CommiiTion tor tlut Voyage, which
he had lu long meditatal.

3. He wai no Iboner thus provided, tlian his Friends
cor.uibtitcd largely towards this glorious Expedition ■, and
Capuin Drake, on his vSule, applied with equal Diligence
to the getting every thing ready for accomplilhing his Un-
dcnaking ; and, with this N'icw, equipped live Ships,
viz. I lie 7V/»Vd«, called by him afterwards thi: Hind, Ailmiral,
Bufdeii an hundr«l Ions, trancis Drake Captain (je-
neral -, the Eltzabelh, Vice-admiral, Eighty Tons, 'John
iyinler Captain ■, the Mangold, a Bark, of Thirty 1 ons,
"Ji.bn I'i'omas Captain •, the Swan, a Ely-boat, of Eitiy
Tons, Ciptaiii yehn Cbejttr -, and the Cbnjhpber, a I'ln-
nace of Fifteen Ions, Captain 7 />««</; Moon, llieic Ships
he iiuniud with Oiv.- hundred and Sixty-four able Men,
and liiriuftuii them with fuch plentiful Provilion of all
i hings nriTlfary, as to long and dangerous a Voyage
teemed to reiiuire, tt ithal tlowuig certain Pinnaces aboard
in Pieces, to be let up as Occalion required •, neither did he
omit to tiuke Provilion alto for Orivunent and Delight,
carrying lor this Purpoli- with him expert Mufici.ins, rich
lurnitu.'e, ;dl tlic V'ciltls tor his iable, and many belong-
ing to liisCuoic-ioom, Ixiiigot Silver, with divers Utenlils
ot all torts of curious Workman (hip, whereby tlie Civdity
and MagnificcDcc of his native Country miglit, among all
Nations, whither he thould come, be the more admired.
Thele arc Circuinlbncts which (hew how much this Gen-
tleman hod the Honour of this Nation at Heart, and with
wlut gnurous i'rinciples be was endowed i for which,
however, tijine W'l iters have hoc Icrupled toux him with
Vanity -, to cafy a 1 lung it v>, tor Men of litdc Minds to
blift the noblell Puipolts by their own bati: Suggtlhons!
All Thmgs beiii(' thus adjullcd, Ca^uain Drake tided out

of Plymtutb Sound November the 5th, 1577. about Five
in the Afternoon •, but by a fearful Storm, wherein they
futlained tome Damage, he was forced to put back again ;
when, having, in few Days, tupplied all Dttbas on the
13th of December, the fame Yur, with more favourable
Winds, he once more hoilfed his Sails, and put to i-ca :
He avoided, as much as he could, falling in too tarly with
tlic Land I and, the Wind liivouring his Dcrign,thiy made
none, till the 25th of the fame Month they fell in with Cape
Cautin, on the Coaft of Barhary, and, on the 27th, came
to the Itlc of Alagador, lying One Mile Dilbnce from
the Maiti, between which and the Ille they found a very
fatie and convenient Harbour. Here the Admiral direfted
a Pinnace to be built, having brought, as we obfervcd, the
Hulks of Four ready framed from England. While they
were upon tliis Work, fome of the Inhabitants came to tho
Water-tide, thewing Flags of Peace: Upon which the
Admiral tint out his Boat to know their Minds : One of
his Men ftayed as a Pledge amongft them, and Two of
their Company were brought a Shipboard. They told
hinn by Signs, that the next Day they would furnilh hii
Ships with good Provifions, which Civility he rewarded with
Linen Cloth, Shoes, and a Javelin, Things very accepta-
ble to them ; and fo they departed. The next Day they
came as tney had promiled, and one of the Men, whoie
Name was fry, leaping out of the Boat amongll them,
tliinking to have leajx-d into the Arms of l-'iiencs, made
liimfelf the Pritbner of thofe perfidious Wretches, who,
threatening tu llab him if he made any Relillance , prefently
mounted him a florfeback, and carried hwn up into their
Country ; from whence, however, after Examination, he
was fent lately back into h?s own.

4. The Pinnace being finifhed, they fet Sail December the
30th, and January the 1 7th they arrived at Cape Blanco,
where they found a Ship at Anchor within the Cape, ha-.-
ing only Two Mariners in her : The Ship they took, .ind
carried her into the Harbour, wJiere thuy Ihyed four Days -,
in which time the Admiral muftered his Men athcre, to
prepare them tor Land as well as Sea Service. Here they
took of the Filhermen fuch NecetTavics as they wanted,
and alio one of their Evks ot about Forty Ton, leaving
behind them a little Bark of their own. They left this
Harbour January the 2 2d, carrying along witii them one
ot the Portugueje Caravels, which was bound to the Ides
of Cape de Verd for Salt -, the Mafler of the Caravel af-
fured the Admiral, that in one of the Cape de Verd
Illands, called Afoj'o, there was good Store of dried Ca-
britos, or Goats, which were every Year made ready for
tiich Ships of the King's as called there. They came to
this Plarx January the 27th •, but the Inhabitants would
drive no Trade with tliem, the King's Orders having po-
fitivtly forbid it : Yet the next Day they went to take a
View of the IHand, the Admiral lending out a Company
oi Men for that Purpofe. They marehcd towa-.ds the
chief PLice of the Ifli', .ind, having travelled through the
Mountains for Three Days, they came thidier before Day-
brc.ik : They found that the Inhabitants were all ru:i away,
but, xs for the Country, by the manuring, it appeared to
Lx.' more fruitful, tlian the other Part of the llland. They
relied thcmlelvcs here awhile, and hinquttcd upon deli-
cious Grapes, which were in their I'lime even at th.it Sea-
liin cf the Year which is the Depth of W inter with us in
England. This Ifland is flored with Goats, wild Hens,
and Salt, which Nature makes reaiiy to the Inhabitants
1 lands : Ir is brought tog( ther in great Qiiantiiies upon
the 1 .and by the flowing of the Sea, aixi the Heat of the
Sun kerns it. The People have no more to do, but to
gather it into Heaps, and till it to their Neig'ibours, which
tiiey do, and reap great Profit from it. Thvy found here
alio Cocoa-trees, which bear no L.t aveS nor Branches but at
the Top J the Fruit grows in Clulters, and each Cocoa is
as big as a Man's Head : Having fatislied themfebcs with
tliel'c Fruits, they marched farther into the Ifland, and
tiiw great Store of Cabritos ; but they could take none of
them, though, if they had pleafed, they might have fur-
niflicd theinfelves with tome that were old, dead, ami
diied, which the People had laid out on purpote for them \
but, not caring for the Retuli: of the llland, they returned
lu their Ships, with an Account of what they had feen.

5. January

Z&^ V O Y A G E S of

Book I.

« V

5. JjHuary the 21ft, they went From hrncc, and failed

by the Illc- Hi. lago \ in iwlUng by which, the People dil-

rhargcil Three Pieces ol Cannon at thcni, hut w itlvout .ioing

Mil'chicf. The llUnd is tair ami large, inlubited L7 Por-

lugiuji V but the Mountains arc iwirtUal by the Ai^rs,

who, to deliver themlWvn from Slavery, l]f^l to thok

Places of Refuge, where tluy have torntied thcmlclves.

Before this Illand they faw 1 wo Ships undtr Sail, one of

wl\ich they took, ami fouml to l>e a gooil I'nze, laden

witli Wines : The Adnv.ral n tained the i'llor, but dif-

chargid the Ship and the Men, giving thcni ibme Viituals,

a. Butt of Wine, and tluir wearing Cloaths °. I'lu- fame

Night they came to the lllaiul Del Fcgo, or the Burning

IJhmU which is inlubiteil by Portuguejt: On the North

Side there is a fort of Vulcai.o, that is continually iK-Khing

out Smoak ami Hame : On tiic South Side lies a very

delightful I iland, lu,l of Trees ever green ar.d tlourilhing,

and rcfr'jfncd widi cooling Streams, that p»)ur tliemlelvcs

out into the Sea. I lerc was no convenient Road tor their

Ships, the Sea being fo dctii, that there w.is no Poflibihty

ol tixing an Anchor thereabouts, leaving thefe Ilbmis,

they drew towards the L.ine, U.ing fomctimes becalmed

lor a long time together, and, at others, beati'n with

Te-mjielh. They ha.l continualiy great Plenty ot lilh, as

Dolphins, Bonito's, and Hying-tilhc^ Ibme ot which

tiropt down into their Slii; «, and could not rife again, be-

caule liuir tinny \N ings wanted Moilhirc.

0. From the tiril Day of tlicu- Departure from the

Illands ol Clip: l''(rde, they failed 54 Days without Sight of

LmvI i and tlie full which fliey law was the Coatl di Hraji',

m 38' of South latitude, .ijpn.' the 5th, the birlwous

Peo[;leon Shore, having difcovercd tlie Ships, lyganto uli:

their acculfomed Ceremonies, in order to raili; a Storm to

link their Ship : For this Purpolc tlicy matle great Fire-*,

and oh'ercd lome S-icritices to the I'Vcvil ; but at prcfent,

it leems, he was not able to lerve them. /Ipril the yth,

tiiey had Lightning, Rain, and Fhunder •, in which Storm

Vv:y loll the Company o( a l.ttle Bark, tiic Cbrijlepbfr ;

but the 1 ith they found her a!;ajn ; and tJie I'lace wlure all

the Ships, thai wcic dilpeilld in the Search ot her, met

together, tlie Admiral called lltipe Joy, ami hen; every

Ship took in Irclh Water. The Country hereabouts was

lair and plcafant, the Air iwect and mild, the Soil rich and

Iruitlul. TJie Inhabitants Iccmed to be only lonu- Menis

«l wild Deer, no others being to be leen, though they

di.i:frncd the lootftcps ot fume People in tlie(»rountl.

ilaving wughcd .-Vncnor, and run a little tarther, they

lound a fmall Haibour txtwten a K'xk and the Mam,

wlicie the Kotk brcai.mg th;- i-orceot tin.- Sea, the Slup

rode Very lattly. Upon this Rock they killed fcvcral Seals,

kcepmg them lor Food, and lound them whoilome, though

not picalant.

7. llKir next Courfc being to 36* of South I.atitude,
they entered tii-.: great River ut Platf, and came into L>e-
twtcn 3? and 54 1-athom ol Irdh Water ; but, (iiuling no
good Harbour there, they jnit out to Sia ag.n .. Sailing
on, they can^e to a g'x^d H,ty ; m which Bay wtrc leveral
pietty Illands, one ol which was llotk'd with Scah, and
the others, lor the moll jait, with towls, fo tlut there
was no want of a;.y Prov;i.ons, or of gootl Water there.
'1 he Adn.iral b-.mg on Shi re in one ol thole Mami'.,
the People came dancing atid leaping about him, and were
very tree tu trade : But thcirCullom was not to take any
thing from any other Perlon, uilelstiril thrown down on the
Groond. 1 hey were coir.ely itrong-bodud IVoj le, very
fwiti ol loot, and ot a brilk lively Conllitutiun. 'I lie
AlarigoU, ami the Cbrijhphir, • bcmg fnt to cift(jver a
convenient Harbour; I cturneij with the tuppy Newsot luth
an one i ii which they went with all their Ships. Here
the Srais aix-umlcd to tlut degree, that they killed more
tlian i.00 in an Hour's Space. Flic Nauvts came Ixjiuly
and conhdentiy atxjiit them, wi'iilc they were workuig on
Shore •, their i aces were painted, and ilicir Apparel only a
Covcruig ot Ikall ikins wuh the Fur oo/ about their
Waills, aiid loiiicthing wrc.ithed about tlitir i lea-.ls. I licy
had Bows an F.ll long, bit no more than i'wo Ar-
rows apiece. 'lhi:y feemed to be not altogether dillitute of
martial Dikiphnc, as appe.u-ed by the Mctliod dtey ob-

fervcd in ordering ami ranging their Men \ and they gave
fulficient Proof tit their Agility, by Healing the Admiml's
Hat off from his veiy Head; which was a brave Prize
among tlicin, one taking the Mat, nnd another the gold
l.ace that was on it •, neither of which coukl ever be got
from them again. Ihey were the Nation which Magtilan
called Paia^tns.

8. Having difiatclicd all Afiain in this Place, thry
failed \ ami, June the .toth, they anchored in Port St.
Julian, fo called by Magtilan. Here th«y law the (.itW>rt
on which Magellan hail Ibrmerly exeaKed fomc of In i
mutinous Company : And here alio Admiral Drake cxe
cured one Captain Doughty, the moll fufpeiled Aftion of
his Lite. Alter which Execution, /tugujl the 17th, they
left St. Julian's, I'o.t, and the 20th fell in with the
Streight of Magtlhn, going into the South Sea. The 21ft
they entered the Streighr, which they tbund to lie very
intricate and crooki-d, with diver* Turnings i by which
means, fliifting about fo often, the Wiml would fomctimei
be againft them, which made their Sailing very trouble-
Ibme, and not only fo, but dangerous too, efpecially if
any ludden Blafts of Wiixl came : For, though there be
llvcral gooii HarlMiurs about, and frcfti Water enough,
yet the Sea is lb d«ep, that there is no anchoring there, ex-
ce|« in tome very narrow River or Corner, or between the
Rocks. 'Ihrre are vart Mountains, covered with Snow,
that fprcad along the I^ml on lioth Skies the Streights ;
the 1 ops of w.hich mount up in the Air to a prodigious
Height, having Two or Three- Regions of Clouds lyiny
in Order below tliem. The Streights are extremely colil
withl-ioll and Snow continually. Yet the Trees and Pkiius
maintain a conilant Wrdure, and Dounlh notwithAanding
the teeming Seventy of the Weather. At the South and
f-ill Pans ot the Streight there are various inamis, between
which the Sea breaks into the Streights, as it does into
the main Fntrance : 'Flic Breadth of it is tirom one League,
where it is the n.irroW( ft,to Two, Three, or Four Leagues,
which IS the widell -, and tlie I'ldcs rile high through the
Whole.

0. .Mgujl the 24th, diey came to an WanJ in the
Streights, where were Pengwins, a tort ot Fowls as big as
licele, that could not Hy -, and they were in fuch Multi-
tudes, tlut they killed 3000 in let* tlian one Day. Stf'
tenher the t th, they entered the South Sea at the Cape or
1 lead Sliore. ,Vnd tlic 7;h they were driven by a Storm
luck trom tlut tntrance more than 100 Leagues l.Ajngi-
tude, and i' to the South of tk- Streight i trom the Ba/
they were driven Southwards of the Streights, in 57* of
South Latitude, where they anchored among the I'lands,
hmjing good trelh Water, and excellent Herbs. Not far
trom Ivrnce, they enttred another Bay, where thiy found
naked People, ranging from one Illand to anorher in their
Canoes, ui leek Provuions. Fhcfe traded with them for
luch Commodities as they had. Sailing Northward Iroin
hence, diey tuund I hree Illands, Oilober the jd, in one
ol which was luch I'lenty of Birds, as is hardly credible.
Oticber the hth, they loil the Company of the Ship, in
wluch was Mr. H'inter. Being now come to the other Mouth
ot the Streights, they put away towards the Coaft
ot Chtli, which the g- neral .Maps place to the South-wcrt,
but tky lound attei wards to he to the North-eal\ and
F.i(lerly ; fo that thofc Coalls were either not fully dif-
covercd, or at kail n'>t laithfully dclciibcil. They pro-
ceeded llill in ihe lame Courll , till, upon th;- ayth of
Sovemittr, they uime to the llle ot Mocha, where they
ealt Anchor, and tlvc .Acimiral, with Itn Men, went
aihore. Ihe People that dwelt there, were luch as the
extreme Cruelty <j1 the Spaniards hadtorced trom their own
Habitations to this lilanil, to prelerve their Lives and
Liberties, 'ihey carried tliemfelves at tiilt very civilly to
the Admiral and his Men, bunging them Potatois, and
Fwo tat Micep, promding alfo to bring them W ater -, tor
which they receivevt tome Prcfctus. Ihe next Day Fwo
Men weie tent alliore with Banels tor Water •, and the
Natives, luving them at an Aitviiuage, preleiitly feized
them, and kmxktd them on the Head. Fhe Rcafun ot
thisOutMge was, lx.-caulc they took tlicin iox Spaniards,
wliom they never Ijarc wlieii they tall into their 1 lands.

• Th« RciCm of takinj thtk bhpi v.»:, that at ilm Time P>tn.^j/ w j» inncxcil to ilic C.-awti of .">«,,

10. Con-

\UM

Chap. I.

J'/r F R A N c I s Drake.

10. Contmump; thrir tniiilL' lor (,'kli, and ilrawing iKar
the Coafts of it, they I'l't an fiitliim in 4 Cuikk-, who,
nVillaking them for Spamardty lolii thi-m, that at Hi. logo
riirre was a great Spanijh Shiii lailcn for Ptru. The AJ-
miral rewarding him lor his IiUilligUKc, he very rradily
conducted them where the Shii) lay at Anchor, which waa
Port Vtl Pitriza, in 33" 40' of South I.atitiulc. All the
Men they luit in her were no more than Diglit StoMiariU,
and Three Nrgroci \ and they, fuopofing the EMgiiJb to
have been I'ricndi, welcomed them DV Heat ot Dium, and
hwiteil them to drink Ibnie Chili Wine with thi-m. But
fhcy, refoiving I'uft to (rcmc their I'rizc, and then drink,
immediately buml«d theShm, and, diivinu ail the Spaniards
under Hatchci, took I'uHt-fllon. One ol the Spanianb, fee-
ing howtJKy wcrcfervnl, dt lj)cratily li aj)ed overboaul, and
Iwam to the Town ol 67. l*i»t to Kivt them Notiteof tlic
coming of the EntUJl \ n^Min whiih, »ll the Inhabii.mts
ptefently nutltcd titc Town, and ran awav, whicii thry
mijihi qulcUy do, tiicrc not Iwing aU)vc Nine 1 loullioUls
in the whole Town. The Adnuiul and Ins Men entued,
ntied the Town and the CIm^kI, taking out ol it .1 lilver
Chalice, Two Crucii, and an Altar ilofh. They lounil
in the Town alio a gooil Cargo of Gt</i Wine, ami Hoards
of Cedar wcxjd 1 all which tiny tarried to their Ships. The
(icncral then having fit all ihc l'nlonvi« on fliorc, except
one, whom ho rellrvcd lor hi» Pilot, he l< ft St. f.ij^o, and
tliirded hisCourle tor /.«;«m, the C'apii.il of Peru.

11. As they were now at Sea, «i\d lud hoth l.iifwrfand
Opportunity torxamina the I'uitiailaritot theUooty taken
iiSt. logo, they toiind ;. /Sjuoupc , kioI pure liold of hiifdt-
wu, which amounted to fonitwhat nunc than ly, 000 Spanijh
Ducats: So, continuing their Cuuric to Lima, tlicy put into
thcHaveaofCoj«/B<iit, whiihlic«. in K)" jo S L. Unvtlic
Admiral fcnt louitetn Men ulltoiL to litih Waier : But
the Spaniards happening; to ([jy thu fmall Coiiii>any, and
being ictolvcd, tor the Glory of Aei|;MMiun, to uiKlertake
Kcvcnge uport fo daring an Kncii))^tlKy, with an Army
ot ;;ou llorfe, and ioo I'out, aiiacivcd the(c I'ourteen
Englijbi and, after lumc Uilputc, liy the Milp of their
Gods, made a Slauglucr ol 0110 <jf thvm, the other Ihir-
tRcn coming b-ick to the Ship, Alter thiii, the Engli/h
going again on Shore to lury ifkir dead Man, the Spaniards
put out a Flag of TrvH'e v but tliey, believing their I'idelity
to W no greater than ilicir CuuraKc, did not care to trun
them, and (o went off. From hence they came to a Port
cJIcd 1aitpa.\a, where, bcuit; landed, they (ouml a Spa-
niard aflctp upon the .Shoru with Ilighicen Bars of Silver
lying by Inni, which caiiv io<tbotil .vooo Spanijh Oucats :
They did rot think lit todil\ucb the Sf>tiniard'H Keptjfi, but,
taking the Sdvcr, Kit him to take out his Nap. Not
far from lunce, gomu alhore tor Water, they nut a ySpa-
laard Ji\*\ M\ Indian ilnving Kiulw /V'Ht/'oN Sheep, laden
vitli very line Silver, evuy Shet p h.tvin^ Two Leather
Bags (Lontaining t-ilty Pmiiicls Weight cacii; on \m Back.
Tliey dcliviicd tlK pcnir AiuniiU liom their irklome
Biinfras, and lodged the B.igi in their own Ships : After
whith, the Indian and Spi>n„.td wric j)crn>itttd to ilrivc

' in 8 ' 30' of

Three fmall

on. i'luy liiiled h^-ncc to .iM,«, whah is
South Latitude i and, in thi« Pivi, luund
Borkii, whiili, being iiflcil, yidded them I'llty-leven
Wedujfi ol Silver, tacli weighing al'out 1 wonty Pounds :
Tky toi.k no Prilluieiit in the Rarksk lor the Men that
Ixlonj^ed tothciu, fcaruig noStiungcti coming thither, were
all gone on Shore to make many anumgil thcml.lves.
Tlay did nut alliiuittlK' Town, luvinunutStrengthenough
t>;r it: So, nuithig out to Sea again, tluy met with another
l.ttic Bark fockn with I .incn Ciuth, Fart of wtikli the Ad>
miral took, and lu lc^( her {i^o, dililaiiiing to l.utt others,
where he couKI do himlrU no good.

i;. Edrudry tiic 1 {tli tiny ».aii)c to the Foit of Lima,
which lies in 11' /;o South 1 .aiitude \ and, having entered
the ILvcn, found ilierc Tvviive Sail of Ships lying fall at
Anchor, widia i their Sail* down, without VN ati h or Guaid,
their Mailers being all drinking and carouiing ulhuie : I'x-
amming the Contenu ot tlirle .Ships, they tuund a Cheli
lull of Rials ot Plate, ureal Store of Silks und Linen \
all which I'late they cat i nil to their own SIul^s, and Part
ol the Silki and 1 .mrii. llie Admiral licie bad notice of

crv rich Sliip, c.died the Cacnfum, wliith was
rcls PaHa, whith they purfuing thither, found

another vcr
gone towards

her, before their Arrival, gone tor Panama : But, how-
ever, though they miflcd their intended Prize, another
( which they took in thtir Purfuit of her to Panama) paid
them the Charge of their Voyage : For, befides the Ropes,
and other Tackling for Ships, which they found in her,
Ihe yielded them F.ighty Pounds Weight of Gold, tojgetlur
with a fine Crucifix of the fame Metal, richly acbrned
with Emeralds \ all which, with fome of the Cordage, they
feized : But, refoiving ttill to proceed in the Purfuit of the
Cata/utgo, the Admir.il, to entourage his Company, pro-
mifcd, that whoever fnfl fiw her, Ihould have his Gold
Chain for a Reward -, whii h fell to the Share of Mr. Johi
Drake, who lirll dcllritil her about Three o' Clock. About
Sue o' Clock they came up with her, g.ive her Three Shots,
flruck down her Mi«n, and boarded her. They found
her full as rich and valuable as Ihe was rcportecl to be,
having ahoaril her I'hiiteen Chclls full of Rials of Plate,
Eighty Pounds Weight of Gold, a good Quantity of
Jewels, and Twenty-li.x 'I'on of Silver ILrs. The Place
where this Prize was taken, was c.Jlcd Capo San I'raiicijco,
about 150 Leagues Uom Panama, and in i^ of North
Latitude : Anioiigft other rich Pieces of Plate, whith they
loiinil ill this Ship, they met with a Couple of vi ry large
Silver Kowkgilt, which belonged to the Pilot of her; Ihe
Admira, feiing thelc, tolil him, that he had Two fine
liovsL, but lie; mull neecis have one of them 1 which the
Pilot jkkled to, not knowing how to help h'lmftlf j and,
ii) m.ikc It look Id's like Compulfion, he prefentcd the
t'thcr of them to the Admiral's Steward. The Pilot's Boy
(when tluy went awav) told the Admiral, that his Ship,
and not theirs, fliouid ..t * be called tlie Cacafuego, frnce
it had gotten all the rich Lading of the Cacafuego in it,
and that theirs might be (likd the Cacaplata -, wluch Jell
of tlie Boy's made the Company \tiy merry ^ After this,
having intircly ranlocked the Cacafuego, they cad her off i
and, coiitinuinr; their Courfe to the Well, they met with a
Ship laden witii Linen Cluth, China Dilhes, and Silks of
the fame Country -, the Owner of it was a Spaniard, diea
on board, from whom the Admiral took a FaJcon, wrought
witii mjlly Gold, with a great Fanerald fet in the Breaft
of it \ befides this, chufing what he liked of the Wares
aboard this Vcflel, and fcizing the Pilot for his own Ser-
he turned olT the Ship. This Pilot brought them

vice.

to tile Haven of GuatuUo, the Town adjacent to which
had but (as he faid) Seventeen Spaniards in it : Having,
therefore, put to Shore, they marclied dirciftly to the Town,
and fo up to the public Hall of Juftice, v^here they found
a Court fitting, and a Judge ready to pals Sentence u^on
a P.utel of poor Negroes, that were accufed of a Plot to
Hre the 1 own : But the Admiral's coming changed the
Scene ol Allairs at this Com t -, for he, being Judge him-
fell, palled Sentence upon them all, both Judges and Cri-
nViiuLs, to become his Prilbners -, which Sentence was pre-
fcntly executed, and they all carried away to the Ships,
1 leic he made the Cliicf Judge write to the Townfmen, to
keep .It a Dillance, and not pretend to make any Relill-
nntc : So the Town being cleared, they ranfackcd it all
over, finding no other valuable Plunder than about a
Bufhcl ot Rials of Plate ; only one of their Company took
a rich Spaniard flying out of the Town, who paid him
tor his Trouble in purfuing him, with a Gold Chain, and
fume Jewels. Here the Admiral fetting alhorc Ibme
Spunijh Prilbners, and his old Portuguefe Pilot, whom he
took at the Iflanu ot Cape de Ferd, departed hence for the
Illand Canno: While diey lay here, a certain Spanifh Ship,
bound for die Piiiippine Illands, came in their Way,
which they only lightened of a Part of tlw Burden of her
Merchandize, and lb difcharged her.

I J. The Admiral, now thinking he had, in fome mea-
fure, revenged both the public Injuries of his Country,
as well as his own private Wrongs, upon the Spanitirds,
began to deliberate upon liis Return home : But which
Way he fhould take, was the Qyeftion to be refolvcd :
To return by die Streights of the South Sea (and as yet
no otlier i'alliigc had been difcovered) he tliought would
be to throw liimfclf into die Hands of the Spaniards, wlto

f
Ni'

'Ihi-. 1 mull own, ii « vrry cotilt Keirwlll* jekr, turning on |L« WorJ» C«ia/»nt and CatefUn, that is, Fertjin and Fartfau.
.M I', i. F would

■fbc V () Y A c; i; s of

ti-.ok J.

IfM i

■woulil probably tlirre wait for him, witli a Tar greatfr
Stniij!;th tlun Ik- ( ukl now (op- with i loi lie Tud at
this time but one Sl)iii lett, net tlioii^-, tlioiigli it was .i
vrry rich one. All Tliini;s thtrcforc conrmcrnl, he ic-
lolvcd to go rountl to tlu- iV/d/tt'"'-', a 'li 1" tolIuwthcCourrc
of the Periuguifi\ to get I lomo by the Cape of GaeJ I loft:
But, bc-ing beialmid, he ttuiul it ncccllary to lail more
Northerly to get a gooil Wiiul ; ujwn whiili I)ii'i(j,n they
iaiicii at (call too Ixagues, which was all the Way they
made from .//r;,' i6. to June ^ Junt 5. King got into
4 ^° of North 1 jtituJe, they found the Air excclfivi cold ;
and, the further thi-y went, the Severity of the Weather
was more intolerable : Ufion which Score thiy made to-
wani the land, till they c.ime into 38' North l^titmle,
under which I Itight of the I'ole they toiind a very j^oodBay,
and had a favourable Wind ro enter the fame. /\ecord-
ingly here tiny had fomc Corrcfiwndencc with the I'copic
of the Country, whofc Houfes lay all along upon the Wa-
ter-fide. They lent the Admiral a Prclent of I'eathcr;,
andC.iwh of Net woik, who entertained, tlum with l<> much
Kindnefs and l.ibirJiiy, thut th;' poor I'eoplc were inli-
r.itcly pleaKd. I'hough the Country bv- cold, yet they
fo order the Mstt.r in the framing their lloul'cs, as to live
out of Datigcr of ftatvLig 1 for ihty furround them with
a rietp Trcncli, up n the ourmoil Kiige of which they
raife upgre.it Pieces of Timber, which dofe all tog. tlier
at the 1 op like the .'^pire of a Steeple \ their BctI is the
bare Ground, I'.rewed with Rullies and their I- ire-place in
the Middle, alx>ut wl.i.h they all lie. The Men go naked,
the Women wt-ar a clofc (iarment of Bultullies, drflFeil
aftir the manner of Hemp, which, fattened about their
Midiiics, hangs down to their llip", and upon thar
Shoulders they have 3 Deer's Skin •, but their veiy g(xxi
Qualities make Amenvl<. for their ordinary Drel's and figure,
beini; extremely dutiful to their Husbands. The Admiral
had, quickly atfcr. another Prcfen: from them, wh;ch was
Feathers, and Bags of Tobacco ; a conliilcrabit Body of
them waiting u]->on him at the fame time : They were all
gathered togct'.icr at the Top of an liill, fium whence
their Speaker h.irangucd the .\dmiral, who !.iy Ix'iow in his
Ten: pitched at the Botti.m of the lliil : \\ hen this was
ended, they left tlicir Weapons, and came down, ofleiing
their own I'rcfcnts, and, at the fame time, civilly return-
ing thefe which the Admiral had matle them. All the
while, the NN'uir.en who remained above, pffired with a
mad l-uty, tote their Hair, and tr,.ade dreaittul Howlings,
which is the common Mufic at their Sacrifices, lijmething
of which Nature w.is then folcmnizing : But whilft thefe
aLovc were ferving the Devil, the Men ijclow were better
employed, .rteiuling very diligrntly to Divine Service,
then periormcd in the Admiral's Tent. Thele Circum-
ilancr*, though tnvial in themfelves, are of Confcquencc
m alTming t.ur fiilf Difcovery of Califorma.

14. The News of the Englilb being there, having Ipreaii
about m the Countr>', there came Two Amlafllidors to the
Admir.il,to tell him.tliatfht Kingwas coming to wait ujxhi
him, and deliied a Token of Peace to aflure lus liife Con-
du(fl. The .'\dmiral having given this, the whole Train
beg.in to march towards them, and that in very gwxl and
graceful Oida : In tiie I-ror,t came a very comely Fcdbn,
licanng the Sceptre lyforc the King, uix)n whi'ch hung
Two Crowns, and I'iirceCh.nns of a very great l^xmgth :
The Cnnvns w.rc made of Net-work, and artificially
wrought with Feathers of m.iny Coknirs, and the Chains
wcie ma !c of Bones. Next to the S<eptre-l)e.-irer came
the King hiinfcif, a very com ly projKr Perlun, (hewing
an Air of Miefly in \\\ his Deponment , he was fur-
rounded by a (juard uf tall maiti.iMixjkcil Men, who weic
all clatl in Skiiv .- Next to tl.cli.- (ame the common People,
ha.ing to m.ike tix fina Shew) painted their Faces, fome
white, fome i lark, ami fomeof othcrColours, and ail with
their Arn:s full <.,< Prcfent.., evm the very Children not
excepted. T!ic Ailmiral ilrou' uj) a'l jiis Men in Line of
Battle, .ind ftood rt-.idy to icceive them within his fortiri-
tjiions: At (um.- Uiliar.cc from hin,, the whole Train made
a Hair, .md kqit a profound Silence, at w!iich Time thr
.Sce})tre-bearer m.idc a Spwh of half an 1 lour long: This
being ended, the (ame Officer, of a SjH-cch-makcr, Ixta.ne
a Daxiciiig-maiUr, and, at tJit lame tune, (buck up a Song,

in Iwth wliich he was tollowtti by King, Lords, and com-
mon People, who came (inging aiul dandng im to the
Adniiial's Fencis. Bei;ig all let down there, ("after lomc pre-
limiiury Comnliments, the King made • folrmn OfTcf
of all his whole Kingdom, and its Impendences, to the Ad-
miral, deliring him to take the Sovereignty utxm him ; and
protelTing, that he lumlelf woiilJ be his very loyal Subject ;
Anil, that tliis might not fccm to be mere Complirftent and
Pretence, he diil, bv the Confent of his Nobles there prc-
fenr, take off the illullrious Crt)wn of Fcathen froin his
own 1 leail, and fix it mwn the Admiral's \ ami, at the ftme
time, invelUng him with the other Fnflgns of Royalty,
did, as much as in him lay, make him King of the Coun-
try. The .Admiral accepted of this new-offered Dignity,
as her Majclly's Reprrtentativc, in her Name, and for her
I'lc ; It being probiile, that from thii Donation, whether
made in jell or m earnrfl, by tlicfe Indians, fome real
Advantages might hereafter reslound to the Englijh Nation
and Intereit in thofc Parts. The cjimmon People dilperfeit
them!elves up and down every where amongft the Adiniral's
Fci ts, rxpreirmgan Admiration and Value for the EngUJb,
to the Degree of Madnefs anil Piotaner.efs, coming before
them with Sacrifices, which they pretended to offer with a
prolound Devotion to them, fill they, by Force, kept them
bick, exjTfeding their utmoft Abhorrence of them •, and
directed tiiem to the Supreme Maker and Preferver of all
1 hings, whom alone they ought to honour with rdigioi":
Worlhip. The Admiral and his People travelled to font*
Di'.bince up in the Country, wliich they found tobetx
tremcly lull of IVer, which were large and fat, and very
ottrn 1000 in a \^^\t.\. There was alfo fuch a vaft Plenty
of Rablxts, that the whole Country feemed to be one intirc
gre.it \\ arren ; they were of the Bigntfsof a ^rfr^dry Coney,
their I leads like thofe in our Paru, their Feet like a Mole's,
and their Tiil refcmfihng that of a Rat ; under the Chin
of each Side i". hiftcnrtl a Bag, into which the Creature in-
jects what Food it gets Abroad, and prcfcrves it for a
Time of NecefTity. The Flefh of them is a valuable
D I (h among the Natives, and their Skins afford Robes
for the King, and all the great Men. The Earth of
the Country (ecmcd to promifc very rich Veins of Gold
and Silver, there being hardly any dig^ig without throw-
ing up fome of the Ores of litem. The Admiral called it
Nova Albiemy partly in Monour to his own Country, and
partly from the Prolpcft of white Cliffs and Banks, which
It yields to them that view it from the .Sea. At his De-
parture hence, he fct up a Wfenument with a large Plate,
upon which were engraven mK Majrfty's Name, Hdurr,
Arms, Title to the Country, the Time of their Arrival
there, and the AdmirJ's own Name. In this Country the
Spaniards hail never fet Footing, nor did they ever difco-
vcr the I .and by many Degrees to the Southward of this
Place.

Sailing fn)in hence, they loft .Sight of I wind til!

!•;•

Otiober 13. uj>on which l>ay in the Morning they fell in
with certain lOandsin 8° of North latitude ; from whence
they met a great Number of Canoes coming laden with
Cocoas, and other Fruit: Thele Canoes were hollowed
within with a great deal of Art, and locked fmooth anil
n.ining without like burnifhcd Horn ; the Prow and Stern
Ixjth yielded inwards, Circlewife ; on each Side of them
lay our Two i'ieces of Timber, abo-jt a Yard and an half
long, more or lefs, as the Vellcl was bigger or lefs -, they
were of a confiderable Height, and. Tor Shew, fet off
in the Infide with white Shells : The People tlut were in
them, had the lower Part of their Fjr« nit round, and
llretchcil down a confidei-abic Way upon their Cheeks, by
the Weight ot thofc Things they hang in them. They
feemed to dclign thrir Nails for Weapons, letting them
grow a full Inch in Ungth. Their Teeth are as black as
Pitch 1 and they have a way to prefervc them, by eating of
an Herb, with a fort of I'owder, which they ever carry
about with them for tJut Purpofir. QStoha 18. they came
to (evcral other Iflands \ foine of which appeare*! to be very
pnpuloas, and continued their Cotirfc by the Illands ot
TagulaiJa, Zckn, ami Zncarra ; the firll of which had
good Stoic of Cinnamon, and the Inhabitants of all of them
were Tnends to the Portt:^uefe. The Admiral, without
niaitmg any Delay, llaad live lame Coitffc ftill. Ntvfmbtr

r> -the

Chap. i.

J>> F

R A N C

IS D

R A K I,.

the I4lh, tli«y Wl in >^'"li the Moluccas, and, inteniling
for Viridcrc, as tliey coafteil along chc Ifland Mmyr, which
belongs to the King of Ttmnte, they met his Viceroy, who,
lireing the Admiral^ Ship, without Fearcamr aboard him.
He aitviled the Admiral by no means to proftcute his
Voyage to '■litidortt but to fail dlrrftly for lernale, becautc
his Mafter was a rery great linemy to the Pcrlugucfe,
and would have nothing to do with them, it' they wtrc at
all concerned with TiriJore, or that Nation, who were
fettled there. The Admiral, upon this, rcfolvcd upon Ter-
natc \ and early next Morning came to an Anchor bctorc
the Town : He fent a Mcflenger to the King with a Velvet
CIauL, as a Picfent, and to alTure him, that he cimr thither
with no Ucfign, but purely that of trading in hisCtaintry.
The Viceroy alio by this time hail been with the King,
and difpoleu him to entcitain a very favourable Opinion oi
the K/fgli/b \ which wrought fo far, that the King rctumeil
a very civil and obliging Anfwcr to the Admiral's Mcf-
lu^< , alTuring higi, that a friendly Corrcl'iwndencc with
the I'lttgli/h Nation was highly plcafing to him ■, that h\s
whole Kingdom (hould lie open to them, and whatever
it yieWed Ihoiild be at their Service •, and, more than
that, that he was reatly to lay himfcif, .ind his Kingdom,
at the Foot oi fo glorious a I'rincefs, as wjs the (^lecn,
whom thry fervid, and to make her hisSovurign, as well
as tlKin : And, in Tokt n of this, he lint the Admiral a
.Si(;n 'f, i.irrying it, befides, with a very great Ref|>eCt to
tlie En^liflj MclTcnger, who went to Court, and hail been
received there with much I'omp and Ceremony. The
King, having a mind to make the Admiral a Vifit on
.Slup-bo-iiil, lint bctorehand Four largo Canoe?;, nilpdwith
the mort highly digniheil Perfons about him ; they w.;re alt
dielkd in wTiitc l.awn, and had an exceeding large ITinbrella
of very fine i>erfumeil \Uts, (home i.p with a Frame made
ol Recils) Ipreading over their Heads, from one F,nd of
the Canoijto anothf their Servants, cLul in White, ftood
abour thcin -, and, without thefe, were Ranks of Soldieri
pl.Krd : In Ortler, on both Sides their martial Men, v/cre
placed the Rowers, in ceruin wcll-contri. ed Galleries,
which lay Thref at a Side all along the Canoes, and were
decently raifcd one alxivc the other, each Gallery contain-
ing F-ighty Rowers. I'iicfe Canoes were fumilhcd too
with all warlike I'rovifions, and the Soldiers well accoutred,
having all manner ct VNca|X)n», Ixith oRcnfivc and de-
fcnfive. Rowing near the Ship, thiy all p.iid their Re-
verences to the Admiral, in great Order, one after another-,
and told him, 1 hat the King had fent thcin to conduft
him into a later Roail than that he was in at prctcnt. Soon
after came the King himfelf, attended hy Sjx grave an-
ticnt Ferfons : He fcemcil to be much picafed with the
Kngli/h Mufic, and much more with the EngH/b Gcnc-
rolity, which the Admiral cxprcfTed to the lull in very
Urge Frclcnts made to him, and his Nobles. The King
promili"d the next Day to come aboard aga'n •, and that
liime Night fent them in Store of Provilions, as Rice,
I lens, Sugar, Cloves, a Sort of Fruit they call Frigo and
^ago, which is a Meal they make out of the Top of
1 rifs, melting in the Mouth like Sugar, hut tailing like
a (our Cunl •, but yet, when made up into Cakes, will
keep fo as to be very fit for eating at Ten Years End.
The King came rot abcinl according to his Fromife, but
ftnt his Brother to excufe b.m, and withal to invite the
Admiral aihore, and to be a I'ledgc for his fafe Return :
The /Vdnural declined going himi'clf, but lent Ibme Gen-
tlemen of his Retinue, in Company of the King's Brother,
.iiul kept the Viceroy till their Return. They were received
alli( re by another Brother of the King's, and fcvcral of
the Nobles, and conducted in great State to the Caftle,
where there was a Court of at leail One thouliind Perfoa;,
the printij«l of which was the Council, to the Number of
.Sixty, very grave Ferfons, and Four 'I'urktjh Envoys, in
lairlct Robes and Turbaius, who were there to negotiate
in Matters ot I ratic between Ctnftanlsnople and Tcrnatt :
The King came in, guarded by Twelve l.anccs, a glo-
rious Ciinopy, embroidered with Gold, being carried over
his Hcail. He hml a loole Robe of Cloth of Gold hung
alxiut him, his l^gs b.iic, but Shoes of Cordovan upon
Ins Feet ; he had Circlets of Gold wreathed up and down
\\\ lus Hair, and a Urge Clutin ut rhc fame Metal about his

Neck, aful very fair Jew. U up(Mi IiIh I'lngors, A P.ige
fto;)d at the Kit(ht I Uiul lit his Cli.iir ot State, blowing
the cool Air uihih hiiii with « Fan Two Foot m Length,
and One broad, lUUuiKly rmlnoidrr'd and adorned with
Saphircs, lalWned ti. a Stall' I'liixe Foot long, by which
the I'agc moved it, I |e kilully received the t.ngliflj (itn-
tlcmen, and, having hriir») thrlr Mclliigc, lent one of l.u
Council to conduct Iheiit Imi k to their Ships, ik- is a
pitent Prince, aiul has Srvrnty KlaiuU under him, belides
rtrtuu, whith IS illMI the IxU of nil the Melucc.is. His
Religion, and that ol hiiCtmntry, b Mahemtiamfm. They
oWerveiiew MtMins, and j'.iiU, as the Followers of Ma-
komtl<\u \ in which IrtlU, though they mortify thu Hclh
by D.iy, yet ihey p,iii)|M'i' It as much in the Night.

i6. Alter this, the Admiral, Imving dilpatchcd all his
Affairs hire, wiighed Amlior, and put off Irom Ttrnate,
failing to a lirtle lllaiid Smifhwartl of the Ctltbes, where
they (bid Iweniy-liM Days, This Idand is extremely
woody \ the Trees are ut a large, high Growth, ftrait,
and without Boughs rxi'ept at To; , and the Leaves fome-
tiiiiig like iHir I'.Hjilijh Hrotin>. I Icrc ihey obferved a Sort
ot Ihining Flirs in great Multiiudes, no bigger than the
common Hy in /ww/^w.,', which, Ikimming upund down in
the Air, heiwecn the \u<-\ ami Hulhes, made tlirm appear
as It they wire Uiiniii«, Hire are U.us alfo as Hg
as Hens, mvl .» .Sort u| Ltmi Cray-rtfti, whiih dig
I loirs in t!ie I'anh like I uiut,, and are lii large, tlut one
ot tiirni will pirnlilully dine Four Ferfons. Setting; .Sail
tiom hem.'-, they defigncd (.t ||,,ve run for the Moiucas ;
lilt, havin,! A ba.l \N ind, and Uihg amongll a I'arccl of
Illamis, vMtli muih l)i!lVuUy tlity tecovcral the Mouth of
Qlckn wliere. iv mg not able, lor contrary Wmcis, to
continue a \N etlein C oiirii', thry altered to the .Southward
again > whuh tliey lound very Im/ardous, by reafon of thu
Shoals that he thiik among the lllaiuK. This they
provctl by a dangeitan, and ntmoll f.it.il Experiment, on
'Jan. 9. i5-;(). when thtv ran upon a Rock, in which they
thick tall trom \\\^\\x »i N|^^|^^ t„ Eour in the Afternoon of
the next Day. In ihin Dil>rrl«, they lightened their Ship
upon the Rocks ot 1 hrve 1 on ot Cloves, Eight Pieces of
Orilnance, and tome Priiviliiinii \ ytry quickly alter which,
the Wiiul thoppmg atxiut tiom the Starboard to the Lar-
boaril ot the .Ship, t|u-y hoillcd Sail k and the happy Gale,
at that Moment, iiuircly dili^ngaged them from the Incum-
brances ot the Rock, tttrutiry |8. they fell in with the
Iruitiul Illand BaraUnt, having, itt the mean time, fuffered
nnich by Winds hnU Shuals. I'he People of it are of a
comely ProiK)rti(»n in their Ikklici, but ot a far more beau-
titul Difpofuion ot Mmd, licing very civil and courteous
to Strangers, »nd punctually jult in all their Dealings. The
Men cover only thrir I IcmU, and the Fudenda j but the
W omen, trom the Waill, down to the Foot : Befidcs
which, thiy load their Anns with large heavy Bracelets,
tome ot Boiv. aiul uihni of Urals and Horn, weighing,
the leaft ot them. Two Ounces apiece \ and of thefe they
have on light or len m a time. Linen Cloth is a very
good Commodity lim- i I heir People being fond of it, to
make Ciirdles and KolU tor their Hcad». The Illand affords
Gold, Silver, Coppi r, Sulphur, Nutmeg, Ginger, Long-
pepper, Lemons, Cufumlicni, Ctxoas, Frigo, Sago, fs'c.
particularly a Sort of ^ruit, in MIgncfs, Form, and Hulk,
rclembling a Bayberry, hard, but picafantly tailed, and,
when boiled, ii loft, ami of giXHl caly Digeftion j in ihort,
(except 'Tern^ut) they met with no Place that yielded
greater Plenty ot all Comlorts lor human LJfe, than this
illand did,

17. leavinp Bitralm, they failed for Jcrva Major,
where they met with A Ctmrtemii and honourable Enter-
tainment hk-wi(c ! The Illand is governed by Five Kings,
who live in jierfcft giHHi Undrrltanding with each other.
I'hey h.ul once Four of their Mai«(lics on Ship-board at a
time i and the Company of 'I'wo or Three of them very
often. The JfavaHS are a lloui and warlike People, go
well arm'd, with Swordu, Targets, and Daggers, aU of .
their own Manufacture, which ii very curious, both as to
the Falhion and 'i'empcr of the Metal. I'hey we.ir
Tiirkijb lurbants on their I lends » the upjxr Part of thc.r
Body is naked -, but, from the Wiiill downwards, they have
a Pintado ol Silk, tiailing on the Ground, ot that Colour

which

whVh plfilM them W{\. 'rhry mina.v their Womrn
miitr .liter .inotliir K.itc than th>- Mciuu.ms liti i ttr thcic
litrrt will iMnlly Kt .jSti4ngiT k-c thrm, wlicnisilu^
lornior arc to fir trom that Ninty, iha' thry will vcrv
tivilly ortir a TriVLllcr a Hcillrllow. .Ami, as tlcy .ux
dui, civil ami hofpit.iblc to Stratii'/rs lo thry are pkaluit
M4I fo(i.il4/- anv.ii^ tlicmUivis v tor. in every Viiia^r.tli. y
kiTc a i'ublic Uoulf, wlure tin y will meet, arul briii;;
their leveral Shares «>» FrLVifionj, ioinmg all their louvs
together in '>n< |»rr;it 1' .»1^ ^^ 'he kerping U]) }?<)«il tel-
iowlhip anvMigIt th^' King's .Siihic«-^s. Ilicy have a way
rtculur 10 thcmlelvfs o\ Ixjiimn Rice i flu-y put it mto ..n
tartheii I'ot. whiih h ot a eonical Kimirc, ojwn at the
guatir Imii;, and |>rttoratfit ail nvcr. In the mean tiinr,
they provkic aiictlrr large eaithcn Pot tull i>l' Kiilini; Wa-
ter, into whtch thiy put thi^ perU rated Veirri, witii the
Rice, which f*»cllini;, ana hllma thr H"lcs ol die Put, Ixit
A fmall (.^iiantiry ot Water ran cntir. By ihw Kjrt ot lioil-
inp, the Hire i.< brought to a very tirm Conlillfncy, aiul,
« lath IS eakal mto a li>rt ot Brca.l : ot wtiich, witli
BiiitT, Oil, Sugar, aiic Spues, th«y make ftva.il vay
piral.int Kirils ol io- <i. l he French Dilcalc prevails
among them in this lilaixl ; but, inllcad ol fiiihuigont
the Foifon by a Salivation, tluy do it by a lor: ot I'lr
(piration thnmgli all ilic I'orcs oi the Itoily, aiul that by
fitting naked in the Sun tur lome Hours, wliole fcorching
Kays oix-ii tholt- I'allagrs ami give tree Vent to the noxious
Fartules to dili:har<.',c theinfelvcs. The .■\iiniiral lure
h.i.i News of fomc gnat Ships that lay not far ott > fo, not
knowing what thty might {>rave, he would Hay no longir.
I-iom htm e they iaiio.1 Un the Caix- ot (ioed llcpf, which
was tiic tiift l-and they tell in witl al, neither did they
ttnich at ar.y othir till tliey t.xmc tu Sierra Uona, upon
t!ie Cojft ot Gmnfs. They palled the Cajn- Junt 18. anJ,
by the f'leaiureot the Voyage that Way, found in>w much
thr PcriDgMffe hail abufuJ the World in thur fallc Rcpr
fcntatKWS of tJic Horrors and Dangers ol t. 'July 1
they arrived at Sierra /^wm, where they tour threat Store
of Klcpharis, and 1 rets that had (>yi\ers tallt! cJ to them,
upMi »hich they livcvl ami multipiied, with winch, aixt
with tne Lcmot'i. that gaw ihcrc, tliey were much rr-
frdhcd.

iS. After Two Davi Stay, which they fptnt in woaiing,
watering, and taking in RefreilinKnts, tluy lailed from
ihercc. 'fuiy z^. tiicy tound themlclvcs uiKkr the Tropic
o\CM(tr, t>cingthcn ^o Leagues (.il' the nearcll Ijiu:. On
the 2 2d ot the lame Month, tiiey were in 'lie Heiuht ot
the Ciwwnrr ; Inir, bcirg fuihcicntly Itocki . with .U I Ne-
f«flaries, they mad? no Stay there, I ut continued tiicir
Voyage to I'lymoutb, where tlity arnvai on Monday Si-p-
tcmbtr 16. I ;So. but, according to liieir Account, it was
Sunday, tlie C'aulc ol whKh dittcrcnt t omputation we luve
beibre rxjiiained. In this Circuni-iiavigation ct the Globe
he tp<-iit I wt) Yrars, J'en Months, anii a fiw Days.
The Rcp< n ot his Kttwrn was very fcxw Ipread through
the Kingdom -, ami, as tiiat w.is an Age when Viitue might
be iid to Vk in talhion, it m.uli a great Noifc, cljx:cially
amojig tuch a. afftclcd to dilhiguith thcmfelvcs either as
tlK I'atrons of .Arms, or Arts, all of them ftrivuig to ex-
prels their .Senl'c ot hit Worth, by tlic Praifes, and other
lellimonies ot Rej^rd, whnh tlicy paid to Captain Drakt :
And of the bpigrams, Sonj;s, Poems, and luch-liKC Per
fr^man<f-% in Commendation (f him and Ins Ship, Icvcral
Coilfiftir'n'. were made, which extc-.ided his Pame thll far-
ther i though few cr none i.| them can be truly fatd to
.ipproach in .tny Dcjjrec ihc Wottli of tlieir Su^icct, which
might not perhaps l>c fo nv.u\\ owing to the want of ( jenius
in Poetry, as to the want of a ro;np : nt Skill in other Sci-
ences iicrelTiry to enable them to lorm pn)per Dcfcrip
nons tor iIk lilurtration ot tlnir Poems ; which tuu made
mc often wunde.-, that i"on>c modern Writer lias not cm-
dcavoiJtcd to riaj.h t!ic Cluraiftrr ol the t.nglijh liemer, by
dit'playing in Vcrfe the labours u' Sir J rami s Drake.

1 1). It w.!4 not, however, real .luuk to expei'l, tlat to boki
and brave an .Actum, attended IlmiwiIc by luch vart AppLiufc ,
Ihould pais altogether unccnfurcd ■, and ihcrelorc wc need
t.ot Ix- Idrprditl, th.it there wtte many who rm'ravoured to
give a wring Colour to tliii gallant Actjoii. 1 hey gave
•lit, that his tUrrounding tlic (jio'jc fervcd only tu amulc
5

7/v V ^' A (i l. S oj

book I.

coniiU'Mi Minds, and tlial tiie in.iih BiifinH^ oJ liis Voyage
was Pliimlcr, ol wliu li, iliey laid, he had aiijuired eno*igh
to exempt tho N.ition tiom I'axet Ich .Seven Vran : 1 hat,
,i« then was no War pnnlaimed .luaintl Sp^iiii, it *ai « daii-
giriKii riling to own luch an Ailventurer, Tmkc tlve Pub-
lic might come li> pay ileai for the Pn/x» hr hatl taken :
rhat our Merthaiiis liad great Pileils hi Spam, aiitl thcie-
lore Reatim to doubt, that a I bmile might be taken lu ici.i«
o«irMenl».inis(fO<KiHti»niakcg«MKlliislX|)n-di»tio*\». Tliclc
(.MiKCtions really wcigheil nunh with lome People, and
oflurs thouglit ht to counteiunce them, ihouuli they did
not btliive them. Iht Spamjh i-lmlwlUUur aJlo att4«keil
him by very warm Meinoriah, his Party ^yh\^ hiin tJic
MaiUr Ihiet ol the unknown VN'oikl. The Iriencls and
Patrons ot C'a|)taiii Drakt, however, who found tltcnv
felves wminded through his Sides, took aliunJaiKT of Paini
tovinditate his t oihIih.'! i allrgtitK. on hu Behall, that
he had the Qiietn's CommilTioo to jultily his tnakii^ He-
prilaU ; that tlx more Wealth he Iiad brought Home, ih«
mot: the Natkjn wa obUgrJ tu him \ that thr Sp^atarit
lia 1 alrt.niy done iis very great In)une», and therefore
ihcy liad moa' R( alun to tear us, than we them \ that, in
line, it the King ot SpMn had a mind to leizc our Mer-
chants P.i^Wh, the Fublk w«hiW do well to receive thii
/«,i*/» Irealure by w.-iy of Kcjuivalcnt i and that, if they
did not, it w<)uld break tlte Spirit of that tort ot Men, who
were oilierwili' molV like to break the Spiritt of tlie Spt-
marjj. Such were the ReaTxiings on both Sides, while
the 1 hmg remainrd in Siifpentr, as if Queen EUztketh in-
Itnded to licar every boily's Sentiments, before the dc-
ciiied tiir .Merits ot lii great a Caufe.

20. Things remained lor a cunlkierabie Time in tim Si-
tuation, during which Captain Drake, no doubt, was ex-
tremely iineaiy, xs not knowing, whether, alter ail his
foils .Abroad, hr might not be oci^lared a Pirate at Home.
1 here IS, however, Reafon to believe, that the C^uecn de-
layed dilcloling her .Sentiments from Motives of true Po-
licy, xi incliniiig to t(-e what Kfli'e^ts thii. C'oiuluA ot' ben
might h.ivc had upon the Court ol SpMH^ which was cer-
tainly withheld fnim meddling, fo far at was otherwifc in-
tended in her Affairs, by the Hopes of drawing (o great a
Trrafure out ol her Hands -, and, tu keep them in thu
Hop<', Hk very artluUy contented t« part with fomc Itnali
Sums to MtmUza the Spamjh Agent. At lail, when Ihii^
were come to a Cnfis, the Queen threw oft' the Veil at once i
and Notice being given ro Captain Z)r«t«uf her Intention,
the, on tlic 4tli ot ^-fpril 1581. went on buwil hb Ship
at Dtptftrrd, where ihe was magnificently entertained -, arni,
..-;cr Dinner, was f:;raciouny plealixi ro conter the Honour
ot Knigiithcxxi on Captain Drake \ telling him, at the tame
nmc, that ius Actions did hun more Honour than his Ti-
ll . There was a prrxligious Croud attended her Majelly
upon this Occafion, lo that they broke down tlic Bridge
laid from the Shore to the Ship, by that time Ihe was got
en board it ; yet of 200 Perfons, who by tlus Accident fell
into ihe Thames, not one was either drowned or hurt, which
her Maiell7 was plealid to attribute to the Fortune of Sir
hrancis Drake. Alter t.His public Approbation of the So-
vereign, all Ranks of Peofiie redoubled their Congratula-
tions ; aiul .Sir hrantis Drake lunilclf'is iai I ihcncclorward
to iiasc given tor his Device the Terracjueous Globe, witli
tJiis Mutto, Tu prmnt iircumdedtjii mt, i.e. '/Itw /r/t
encem/ti/edjl nt^ ; but not excluding ins tumier Motto, Di-
vino ,hixil4c, I. c. liy the Help of Uad. Hencelbrward the
Reputation ol Sir I rancis Drake was continually incrcaling,
till lie came to be conlidered as a kind of Oracle in Mari-
time Atfairs, Ixjth by the Country and the Court.

a 1 . 1 have dwelt the longer ujxjn thcle Cirtumftanccs,
rot only bccaule tliey liave a near Relation to the 2\t'iair be-
t.jre us, and a Hill nearer to the Man, of whom wc are
wiiting, but alio bnaufc I have louiid them lirarcc taken
notice ol by any of thole who have midcrtaken to record
iiLs lixploifi. I ihall next jioinr out linne of tlie moll rc-
markalile Advantages that arole from his lucafjful Execu-
tion ot this riobk Undertaking, that tlic Benefit of thi>
kind of Reading may appear , and slut whoever perulci
tlus Work, may be latisHed wc do not barely tranfcnbe the
Writings of Autliun;, wlio have gone bciont us in this Way,
Lut ate luclincd to add our P.ndcavowri, to tender ihefe Rc-

latiuni

k m.

chap. T.

J» F R A N C I S D R A K p..

Utioni nM mily more fntcruining, ln« of prrnrcr I'fe.
In ihc Hrll i'liic it is worthy ot Krmark, that otir Ilcru
W4.1 lo fortunair, as tully to ittchirvc wlut ntlirra only at-
irniptrd lu prrtorm. I he great (iliimhui, wltu lirll |>i)tnc«l
out ilic Way tu others, lival not to hcrome an l'.xanipl(
himfrlf. 1 hi" tain«)i« FtrMnuiid MitgtHan went lanhcr in
il(«l, but had the Mislortune to (k I'natihcd away by a
tuldrn Death, in the midll of his Difcovcrics, and of hit
1 lujKi. But Draki happily acconiplilhcd what he bravely
lUtt mpted, ao'l gave hi» Country tin- 1 lonni.r <.f pro.iucing
the lirll Comnuiulrr who failed rouiul thi Glulic. Wc mult
nut conceive, tiut tins 1 lorour is a iiure i inpty Sound,
liiving only to gratify the Vanity ot our N.ition •, tor it i^,
on ihi toiitrary, a very IoIkI Kcnclit, as will appear, it wc
cnnrulcr, that a Krputution ot this Ibrt la i >t very gnat
ConltquriuT to a tra.ling Nation. To Ik' (onvinccd of
this, we need only look into the KLhratal ColleLtion
t)l \ oyag( s tor ijie I'lUblilhmciit ot the Enft India Com
pany in Hvtlaitd; wluic, Ij caking of Oliver ynn Noon's
Circuni-navigation, it is laid, that though the I'rolits of
his \'oya(<<' wen- linall, yet the Company were ixtrcnuly
will laiisiicd with the F.vent, bciaule the Dulih could
row tKiatt, that a Sul jcct of thiirs lad liil'd round the
World, ai wrllas/>.i*i:anil (^ndijh. It is, indeed, much
tor the- Kepiitation of Sir J rmuis Drake, that, ivui at Ins
liill letting (ji.t, he licms to luvc lud (he Honour of his
Country as much at 1 Irart, as his own lame or Fortune,
ly providng tvciy tliinj; in his Sl.ip whih niiglit llnkc
the I'.ycs ot l-oreigiurs, ami I II tlu in w:tli Admiration of
I. It: Cijumry trom whence h- tame. '1 he lame Spirit led
him to proaed tarti.er Nonii m Jmtruj, tlun the Spa-
ttiarJs tlu-mlclvis had done -, tliat i., to thi' 1 Mght of jS''
oi North l^autude, beyond whiih wc know iioiLing with
V. ertainty even at this Day The Dilcni'ion he l.as given
us ot the Country and i'eiiplr is \ cry exact . and his taking
J'otlclfion or It, and iK'lloAiiig on it tin- Name ot Nova
Mtcn, was very prudent, ami may lome time or other
turn tniifh tn our Account \ finre, it ever a I'ail'ag;: fliould
be difiovered by the Nnrth-wclt, the Spaniardj can never
liilputr with us the PolTeHion of this Country, which ii

fiobably the nearel> to that I'alljge, even upon tlitir own
'nnciples ; fincc they mutl allow us to li.ivc btc the lirll
Dilcovcrers, and iirif I'otl'eirors •, which gives us altogether
as good a Uij^ht to tlut, as they have to any Part ot their
India. The tame (uiKrolity, and public Spirit, ilifplayed
itldt in his Behavuair to tlulc i'eople, and t" all tiic other
Nations with whom he tonverfed •, (jf which we have au-
ihciitu iclbinonies in the Letters lent by l>idijn Pruues
lon{5 attrr his Ucccalc, I'ptakiiig liiglily in liie Fiaile ot
Captain Drake, and acknowl-.-dgi'ig, that t!i'y had con-
ceived very retjK-ctlul Sentmienis ol the Inglijh Nation,
l:oni the rii!;e they had m^t with from him. I mull
conltfi, I have always kxtked ui>on it as a great Mislortune,
i:,at he dul not himleit leave us an Account ot his \'oyagcs
jiul Pifcovrriesi Ivcaulc, from the Letters of his which
are tlill prefervrd, it apjiears, that he w.,, much more ca-
pable ot rcc<;rdins; lii>own Kxploits, than any of thofc who
lave rmploytd the ir Pens on that Subject: Wc ftiould
then h.ivc known, upon what Grounds he cxpefted to have
louiid a PalTagr I at k by the North i for, that he really did
l(K;k for fuch a I'afl'agc, is certain i anil the only Realon
why he (juuttd cht Coall ot California to tail to the South-
calt, was, tlut he lound the Weather grew extremely coltl i
and thought, ihireJore, tlut, in tlic Circumllancts he was
at that Time, it would Ix: imprudent to purfuc that Dif-
<overy any furtlier in a Sealbii to aJvanceil. This furely
wjs lull and realonable in him i but how it comes ro pal's,
tli.it, from that Time to this, no farther Attempts have
been made, in a Way that gave lo early llith great Hopes,
is Very nnacioiiatablc. 'I'hc Spanntrds ure certainly in the
right, noi to make, or at Icalt not to piiblilh, any Difco-
vcriesui>on thi '-oall tor many Keafom •, but, iimloubtedly,
i^ ought to have- been lur Hulinels to have purlued the
Hints givvii us by i^ir tram is Drake, and to luve fatistled
ouiielves, whtther their was, or was not, fuch a PalTageas
he cxptdrd to meet with. In his Courle from California
to the hadronei, he inotie no Dilcoveries -, unit Is wc ac-
count it a Difiovery, that he met with no Iflands in thoK
Seas : But that he made his PalFagc in Sixty-eight Days,
N V M B. .;.

(hews liim to have been a very able Navigator, wliiilialfo
ap|icats trom many other Incidents in thw long Voy if^e,
which, however, he pcrlornvd in much Ihorter time f. an
the Sfamardi who fiulrti with Magellan j lor, wli , .w
they were Sixteen Months in their Palfage tioni iiridoretn
Smite, he ariivid at Plymouth, from the f'amcllland in the
Eaft Indies, in 1 n Months. On the Whole, ilmelorr,
wc may truly affirm, that this Voyage round the World,
by Sir trancis Drake, was, in all its Circumftancts, per-
tectly well conduled \ and that as he made the btll Lite
<<jirible ot the Lights he received Irom others, fu he K-ft,
y his Prutlence atKi Uifcrction, a great and glorious l.x-
amplc to fu.iteding Times. Here, ilriiftly fpcaking, wc
ought to loiuludc our Account of this illuftiious Perfon i
I ut, as the Reader ii ly prolubly exjK^t, and will certainly
Ik- sstll plialed, tu liiid a loncile Detail of his fuccetd-
ing Aiitioiis, It may not be amils to indulge his Curiofity,
by hnidiing with the iK-rtonal I lillmy ot Sir Frantis Draki
this Rtl.ition ot his Voyage round the World.

.;.:. The War with Spam being dill profccutcd by the
f.Jiiten his Miltrels, we tind him, in 1585. General by
Lind ami St a, in an Expedition to the ft'eft Indies, in
which he took the Cities ot St. lago. Si- Dominie, and
drlki^iiui, as alio the Fort and 1 own of St. Ai^iiftim
and K tuiiieil Witti great Glory, as well .is great Advantage \
the Proli's ot this Fxpeditioii anv inting, all Cliai};es de-
frayed, to 60,000/. ul wliich 2o,cvu/. was di\ided a.i.ongfl
the Scam, n, and 40,000 /. came clear into the Pockets of
the Uiulcitakers or Adventurers. In 1587. he h.id the
Ciimmand of ;uiotIier Fleet, with which lie tailed into the
Bay of Cadiz, ami Irom thence to the River of Lisbon,
where ho dellroyed 10,000 'I'onofii'/'<i)M/i& Shipping, which
had Ueii t'.rawii together tor iiivatlin..; England, lie likc-
wile brought i lomc a very rich I'riz., callctl the St. Philip,
wliich, as the Writers in tholl' Times lay, was tli.- full
C;;Ti;ti ever taken anil bniuglu iniu England. In 1 jS8.
lie was, by the Queen's Loiiiiiiillion, appoiiitc.l Vicc-ad-
mir.il ot the Englijb Meet, fitted out againll th great
Spanip /Irmada •, in which Serviee he performed even more
tlun was expected from his t'l inner Adions, taking, in
the lJ.;giiiiiing ol the Fight, '1 wo very I.irg- Men of War,
thefirllommandcdby tli'Vicc-admird Oguendos, the Utter
UP It r tile Comiri. mil of Don Pedro de I'aldez, wlio defended
liinilelt ^.ill.uuly a long fun., and furrtnekrcd at I..1I on
the Reputation ot Sir i ranns Drake, as appears by tlie
Compliment paid him by Don Pedro, when he dJivercxl
him his Sword, which was to this F.fVeifl : Tlut they were
all relblvetl to have died lighting, if they had not lalkn
into his i lantis, whole Felicity and Valour was lo great,
that Mars the Ciotl of War, aiul Neptune the Goil of the
Se.i, fcemcd to wait uixin all his I'.nti-iprizcs, and whole
noble and gin. rous Courage had been often experienced
by his Foes. Sir Erancis, to iei|uitc thcic Spanijh Com-

1)liments with ual EngliJ}} Kimiiiels, let him at his own Ta-
>le, and lodged him in his own Cabin, fending the red of
his Comi any to Plymouth. Drake's Soldiers were wi 11 le-
compenlid with the i'lunderof his Ship, wherein he found
55,000 Ducats in (iolil, which they joyfully Ihared
amongll them. He did, befidcs this, many great Things
in that memorable Battle, and particuLuly ditlinguillit:d
hinilelf by advifing the Ule of Fire-lhips, though I dare not
lay, as lome have done, that he invented th-iii upon this
Occalion. The next Year he was Admiral of a great Fleet
tint to Portugal, in order to rellore Don /Intonio to his
Kingdom 1 but this was a ronjumfl Expdition ; and, it
ftems, even Sir Erancis Drake had not Fortune enough
lor himfelf, and a General, fo that it endeil but indifferently :
Howevt r, the Spaniards received great Damage, the Com-
llimenr t an Invalion was returned, and it was put intirely
out of tiieir Power to make, as they boailcd they would,
another Attf 111] t of that Nature: In the Whole', there-
tore. Sir Erantis Drake Ijxjiled no lets than Three Spani/b
Inv.ilions. In 151^5. he ventured on another conjmid Ex-
|Kilition to the If^'eji Indies, in which he performed great
Things ; but, aiming at llill greater, and not meeting with
his ufual Sucieli;, the Thoughts of \l biokc his Heart in
the Harlxjur ot Porto Bella, Jamary 28. 1595. where liis
Body, in a Ixradcn Coffin, was committed to the Sea, un-
iltr a general Difcharge ot all the Cannon trom the Fleet.

fi i

til his Pfrfon, he w«( Nit low of .Staturr, »« citrrmcly
wrll nuile, hi* Complexion »rr(h anH "ir, Un Vyr^ larg'*
ami lively, hii Hilr of a li|?lif Hrown.anJ hiiCiiuntfn.iiKe
C'pcn •ni clifartul : llr wj< lutiirally cKKjiirnt, fjrjiffding
^racifully what he conrrhrnl rlcwly j viry knowing, noc
only in ht^ own l'rt>fc(Tion, btit m all the Sw'rn« m rxhtinn
to it k r> that hr was able to ilifcharge fvny (Wvc in a
Ship, fvcn that of a Surpion v jiift to hii ()wiiri«, kind
10 hn Seamen, kyral to his Sorrrngfl, and rrmirkalily
merrifljl to his Fnrniir,. Mi^ many plonnui l'.x|ili>iti
jiirtity Wis I'itlc to ewrnfirf Fame, whirli, whrn we rr-
rnenuxr that he died at Fifty five, will i-onvituc ii\ flut
he (hrwcd fhr utmoft Anioiir in the I'urfuit ot dlory

11 The Fame of this Voy.igr, the Wraith hroimht
Home by Sir I-Vancit Droit, and the Ho|>en <>» rivallmg
him in Cmlit .mil in Wcaltit, mfj iral Numben ol young
IVople, of all Ranks and Conditions, with a IVfinr ol
trying their F'iftunes at Sea, in fw h manner a» their AIm-
litin would permit. Men of Families and Iftates httetl
out Vrlfcls at their own Fjtpence, and hlKd ih'm with their
own I>pcnv'cnts i others, in a lower Situation of Life,
choleto hazard their Pcrftms, as httic Ortitirs, on Ixurl
fiich Ships as rhrte, or in feme of th- (^urn's M n of
War i and to ftuh a Height at Uft this Spint grew, that
hontll Jcbn Stcuif, whole Induihy wm never furpaired,
ar'd wholi: Integrity was never ealletl in queftion, tells us,
tf hi*; >>wn Knowledge, that, towartl the latter Fnd of the
Reip,!-. of tjv^icen tlixtibtsh, there wnc many I jds, frotii
Eighteen Yean old to Twenty, raixible of taking the
Charge of any Ship, and navigating her to mort Ports in
Eur ON, or the Udic The Spaniard: were fo alarmal,
not only by the fourage and Conduct «)f Sir hanni
Droit, 'M in Aiimiral or Commander in chief, but by his
Skill alfii i" a Seaman, that they ordered no Draughts to I*-
ma^le, .T<:i nilouH s t.i be written, of their Ihlloverics in
Jtntnca, for fear of their falling into his Hands. But what
molt f iqirifv-d them, was hin finding and pairing, with fo
irnich Viife, t!ie Streights o\ MartlUn, which hitheni had
been out of tl..ir Power -, and tncrrlore they immediately
rcfolved !o fend and difcovcr that Strcight [X'rledfy, by
Ships from Peru. One Pedro Sarmitnto, who wa» looked
upon as the very teft Seaman in the Spam/b Service, was
fer.t for this Purj-ofe from Lima -, and adually paft from
tlu South into th.- North Sea*, and thence to yptuu, where
he informed thr King, that it was very polFiblr to plant a
Colony ill thofe Parts, and to fortify the Streights in fuch
a manner, as lo prevent ary other Nati<in irom palTing
them. This I'rojeift wv fo wi !! relilhrd by Philip the
Second, and appeaml to him to !x- a Matter of fuch Fm-
portancc, that he rcfolved inimedutcly to carry it into Ex-

m V O Y A C] E S of

Rook I

rtuiion. With this View he fiftetl «»» ,i Fleet of Thr»v.
and twenty S4il, with j ',(>'» Men on lioanl, tmtler thfl
Conimand ol /)#« Piett tltrit di Voldrz \ and aintiintid
Ptirt Sormieme, witn 5(10 Veterans, to Ictile in the
Streights. Thia Fleet waa extrrrtiely unfoftunatr ^ and ic
wai luiwren Two and Three Vrari, iielofe Sarmieit0,wUh
his People, arrives! id thofc Stmght^, ami on the Nonli
Side near the F.iitraiue, Iniilt a I own and Fort, called
Ntmkrtii Jtjhi, where l»e Idt 1 -^o Men \ Kit hit great Set-
tlement was Fifteen I ,e.»gues farther in the IjtitiKieof 5 j*
I S' ill the narroweft l'.irt of the Strcight^ i anti this he called
Ctvdod dtl Key li/ipf*. It wai a regular Square, well forti-
(ieil \»ith I'our (Irong HaftK>n«, prtijierly fiirnilhol with Ar-
tillii7 , and, in all refjx-^N, one ot the b<H contrived Set*
tletm 's that was ever nuile by the Sfomords in America,
f lerr I'edra Sjrmimit Mi Fosir hundred Men, I'hirty Wo-
men, and Provifions tor I ight Month*, and then retiirnetl
into the North Seas. I helc Tranfaftiona hapjiened in the
Yean IJK4. i-,Sv andi586. But, nofwiihftandmg all this
Care, the Prn'evt came to nothmg. D»n Ptdrt Sitnmenlo,
after many ti unlets Attempts to fuctour ami relieve his
Colony, WIS taken by an h.nj^lijh VefTel, and lent Prilbncr
to l.ndtn. The Spani/h Garifon, having confumed all
their Victuals, died moll of them of Hunger, in their
Houles in Pbilip'iLny \ and Three ami -twenty only quit-
ted it, and endeavoured to get to the Suntjh .Srttkments by
I .and, but are fuppofcd to have perimed in the Attempt.
It will not be amils to obfctvr, th.it Sarmtenlo fell into
Pifcredit with his Martcr, lor deceiving him as to the
Bnadth of the Streights, wliich he afferted were not above
a Mile over ; whereas the King had certain InfisrrTUtion af-
terwanls, tlut they were a l/Cague brtjad ; ami therefore
his lortilicaiions would have proved incffechul tor the Pur-
pole he intcndetl. But, however this might lie, it it certain,
that if Sormiento'^ Report hat! been true, and the City and
Citadel of Phihp could have commanded the Streights, it
woulil luvc done little or no .Service to the Sfionijh Caufe,
fince another Pallage into the .South Seas was lix^n after dil-
coverwl without going near thofe Streights. The Nature
and Fjti)ence, however, of this Settlement, is an ample
Tcftimony ot the Senfe the Spaniarii had of Sir Franai
Droke'i bold Undertaking, and of the Confetjuences that
muft attend it. Their Fears, in this refoeft, were fully
jiifliheil by th<- F.vent v for not only our Nation, but the
Irfnib ami Dir/»A, began to think of imitating his F.wm-
ple, and following Sir hrandt Droit into the .South -Seas,
The tirll Inllance, however, of the Kind, was that of a
Countryman of our own, whole Voyage, as next in 0^^cr
of Time, we (holJ now proceed to confidcr.

SEC i I O N V. . ..« ' V '^r -c^

Sir Thomas C a n d i s 11 or C » v e n d i s u's Voyage round thi JForld.

Ac-.MHt oj the Patagons. 6. Great Slormi at the Mouth cf tie Magellanic Streigbti in January.
7. A ttwjt accurate Dr/nif>tion of thofe Strcight 1, and of King Pliilip'j City. 8. Tie DiflnSI of Arunco,
very neb in Hold, but lujer conquered hy tve Spanurdi. y. They Live a brisk Dijputt with the Spaniard ,

t:t the Bay of Ci^jititcro. 10. Arrrval at Morro Moreno, and Entertainment hi the Indiani. 11. Take
fevrral rich Frizes on the Coa/i, and facit the Toun of Paita. I j. '/Icy land on the IJland of Puno j Ht-
Jeription of it, and its luhabitanti ; the Knglilh /'/wWer ,t. ij. Tley fecure an excellent Pilot, ie/jogivti
them Jirfl Not tee #/ rtv Acapiiico Ship. 14.. Upon tin thes continue cruijingto tbt Northward, if. Arrive
on the Coafl of California. 16. Dijco-eer, Jight, and take the St. Anne, bound from Manila to Acapulco.

I^p

tUicntfid. 2 f . Departure from thence, andfaje ^brival in Enijlaiul. 16. His Reception on bit Return,
4 f,,,J

Chap. I.

J/r T H o M A s Cavendish.

•••

ami Lftlrr t» Lcr ill\n(<\on. ty. Okl'trvatiom upon bit t'eyage. 18. O/litr Cirtum/ljncft of bit Lift,
anJthf Oi-Cii/ion / Ht unJfrtaking a Secontl y$vag^. 19. A comil'f Account oj lljtil i'niagti i-'it unfir-
tuHali" jitKmft at ti • MagcIUiiic Utreigbtt, and Dtatb thrcvfl'Gne/.

T w«t the cM^^Mt Policy of the Reign of <^trtn
EJiid^il; tu ntcouragr, m mui h m |x)(1°iblr, the
Klamr ot ^Mn- Spirit in the Bwlutiu ol rrivitc
Mrn, by Ihcwina, u()un ui OrcAAona, ihc Kit-ateil Kraili-
ncli tu honour ullihofc who (IkI .emtrkabic Service to ttieir
Coiiniry, ihougl* (hcwaivrry (iwnng of tnv luch Mwki
ol her rarour upon other Ckcuioni. By tiui wife Con-
duct, and hy hrr Irrqiiriit IJifrourli^ in I'ul>iK, on the
Cilory rrfuliinK Imm an *thvt lute, Ihc excited many c>i
thr yuung Nubduy, and drntitmen ol caly Forlunci, to
luuarvl thoir PM'loni and I'Jtite* for the public S<rvicr \
nuking the Want ol Fame 10 be u much a real NecrlTuy,
ai (he Want ol Wraith \ uniting thereby the Kich, who
dilirrd Honour, ami the Indigent, who liiu^ht a Living,
in ihr vi ry lame I'urluiti. 1 hui it wai brought alxHit,
thai, in her Kcign, Iwh Mrn were ol moll L'lc 10 ihur
Country, ai, under ocitcr Keigni, arr fcarcc ol any Hit u
Jl : Vnr, when it w.ii once dil(:erncd, that Merit only
cuuid rrcoinmend a Man at Court, thole were mull riaily
to cxtiolir thrmfrlvrs in generous I'ndertaktngi, whole
bituatum in the World would, at any otlier 1 iiiu', h^vc
rxuiUd tlu-m lioin liicli l^boun and 1 atigurs. lliiis the
1-arbol Ciimierla»>{ ttui J-.fffx, vSir KubarJ (Jrttniillt, Sir
iVaUtr KaUigb, Sir Humphry Cilitrt, Sir Reifrt DuJlrt,
and many other i'rrfons of like Knnk, cmployeil great
Sumint MoiK-y, aiul ixpofcd their I'erlbnttu the grcati-ll
Ihngeri, in equip{)ing Squadrons againll the SpuMuirds,
making Diriovcnt-bin diliant I'aruot the World, planting
CoIoniCT, and fuchlike I'ndcrtakjngs, wiiich weir tiie
(dory of timle 1 imes an.1 tl*c Wonder ol ours, Aniongll
thele, no Man diftinguilhcd himliLH more, than the Gentle-
man ol whom we are now to Ijx-ak ^, whether we confider
till' I'jcpeiicc he wa^ at, the Uiiliailtics he went tiuough,
or the Sucirls o( hit L'jcpbiu, all ol whiLh were due to
that (jrcatnrlt ol Mind, and ardent Ihirll of Kepuution,
which taugiit him tu drfpifi; Danger, and to embrace l-a-
tigirs, at an Age, when otltrr Men arc not only tund ul
i'leatures, but think too, that the Seafun ol their Lives u
a luriicient Lxcufe tor tlie Luxury in whit h they live.

a. Tbtmas Caiuii/b, ui inmlty, or 7'rtmity, in the
County ot HuffcH, L'.liquue, was a Gentleman of an ho-
iiuuratiie iraroily, anil inrgc Lllatc, which, lying in the
Neighbourhood ot Ipfwtch, a I'iiicc then of very great
'1 loile, gave him an early Inclination to the Sea i which,
as liKjn a* Ik arrived at Age, he gratiiicd, by converting
Fart ut his fluids into Monry, and equipping a Hout
Bark, lalleil the iygtr, ol the Burden of 1 io Ions, in
which lie airoinpaiwed Sir Richard Greettviile, in Jiu
Voyage to ttrgiiuM in isH^. in *hich he wci\t tlirough
many Dangers and Diflkukxs, without any Profit t Inir, at
lall, rctuniai lidc to Falmouth, on the Cth of O^dtr in
the liinie Year \ whicii, however, did not ililiouiagr him
trum underlaying ilill greater and mure iiu/ardous Lxpe-
diiiuns : fur, iiaving ta this Voyage fei n a great I'art of liic
Sj>>int//} ff'eji Indiei, and cunvcrled with lome wiio liail
loikd with Sir iroMCis Droit through the South Seas, and
round by tJie Eafi Imiia, he began to be vt ry deliruus of
iindeitaking a bkc \ oyoge, as well fur repairing the Luis he
iiad luliained by this locpciiition, •» to rn\ulate iliat great
and ioriunatc (jrtvter, who was by this Timr railed to the
higlieit I lonours ot iiis I'roleflion. As lixMi, tiicreforc,
as he returned home, he applieil himlcif to the I'repara-
tions expedient lor the accompiilliing his Delign ; and cither
lokl or mortg-iged his hllatc, to make up the Sum necei-
firy for building and equipping 1 wo fuch Ships as were
requilite fur the Voyage ( and, though fuch kind of Mat-
ters uliully t.iki up a (!;cHKi deal ot I'ime, yc t fo eager, and
Io impaueiu, wosMi. (JinJifi, that, in the Space of aMonth,
his Carpenters werem work upon the largclf Ship, and, in
Six Months more, his liitlc Sciuaiiron was intircly tinilhed,
and completely furnilhed witli all i'hini^s ncccirary ',

?. The largrft Ship wa« calleil the D^rf, of th«
Runlenuf 140 loiu \ the ki er was named the Cemtnt, of
about 6u Tuni v to tlule he added a Bark of .ibuut ^o
Tom, called the //<» A (Jtliaui, all fupplied nt his owtt
Lxpencc, with I'wf) Year* Frovilion, and manned with
an llundreil ami Twenty-fix Olfners and Sailors i fome of
which luul feivnl under &\i Fftmdi Draki; but molf of
thcin Men of Lx|)erlence \ anti with wlunn, for their
Ixrttcr Lncouragement, he entered into a fair AgicrinenC
with rclpt^t to the I'roiMirtion in which all I'rircs Ihuuld be
divided amongil tlwm. lie was likcwifo very canful in
providing Sea Charts, Draughts, Maps, and luch Accounts
as could tie obtained of Voyaged already nuile into tliofe
Parts whiih he intended to vilil. He ljk( wile procured,
by the Favour ot his Patron tlie Lord llutifdoH, then Lord
Chamberlain, a Commilfion from Queen Llizabttb : AirI
thus, completely Mailer of all that he wanted, he let out
from LottJofi, "July lo. 15S6. for llarviub, wlierc he em-
barked on boaril the D^ire, and faileii for Pl^meiab, where
he arrived tlie Liglith of "July, and continued there waitina
for fome of hisComoany till tlic a ill, when lie hoilUJ
Sail lor his intended Voyage. On the ii^th of tlic fame
Month ilicd one Mr. Ilopt, of a Wound he received in 4
Duel he fought iluring their Stay at Plymulb. The next
Day they frll in with Right Ships from Bifiay, well nunn'el,
one of wliieh attaeked trie Adniiial \ but Mr. Camlijb g.ive
her fo warm a Reception, that (Ik- was glad to Ihccr off \
and the rell, deterred by her F.xample, continued their
Courle, and gave him no Dillutbance ( ami the Admiral
did not continue die Clucc, liecaufc it grew ilark, and he
was afraiil to loie his Confurts, On ttuguft 5. they fell in
with the Ifiand of I'orlntnlura, where tiny met with no-
tliing renurkable, failing thence tu Cape l^lanco, and fo
to the Coall ui Ciuiney, with which Navigation Mr. //rc^ttrr,
who was on board the Admiral, was very wdl acquiuntud.
i lerc the Men began 10 complain much of the Scurvy,
and tlurclore the OlRccrs rel'olvcil to put fomc of thcnt
on Shore for tlicir Recovery, as foon as an Opportunity
oft'crcd with Safety, ^iuguji 2 j. they mai.lc Sierra Leona %
and, the 25th, fell in with the South Side of it, where
they h.iil Five Fathom Water at the lowefl •, anil, for about
Fourteen Leagues at the South well, all the Way running
into the I larbuur, they had from F ight to Sixteen Fathom.
Here they fpoiled a Town of the Negroes, \sIio killed one
of their Men with a poifoned Arrow. Sij-lember ^. fume
of tiwin went up with the Boat F'uur Miles within the
Harbour, where they caught plenty of Filli, and, going
on Shore, they got fume ix-mons, feeing Ibme Buffaloes
too as they were returning. The 6th, they went cut of the
Harbour of Sierra Leomi, and ftaid one Tide, Three
Leagues fron» the I'oint of the Harbour's Mouth, the
1 idf there lUiwing at South-weft.

4. The Sev( luli they departed from one of the Ifles of
Cape / ad, which is Yen l.eagucs from the Point of Sierra
Ijonj ; ai. J the fame Day they anchored Two Miles off the
Illand, and, landing, found only Plantones upon it. The
I'.ighth, one of the Boats went out, and foundeil. At the
l-.alt Lnd was a Town, to which the Negrixs rcfort foine-
tiuies, as by their Provifions lift there appeared. There
is lu) trelli Water on all the South Side, at kail that they
could fmd ; but, on the North, there is in Three or Four
Plates, The whole llbnd is a perfedl Wcod, except a
lew fmall Spots, wk-rc Ibme Ffoufes Hand -, and diefc are
ciicompaircd round with I'lantane-trees, the Fruit of wh.ch
is excellent Food. The Place is fubjcifl to Storms of
Rain and Thunder in this Month of September. They
left this Illand on die loth \ and, on the laft of OMer,
failing Well South-well, about Twenty-four Leagues from
Cape Frio in Bra/il, they fell in with a great Mountain,
which had a high round Top, Handing aloft like a little
'I'own. Novembtr i. they went in between the Ifiand 6';,

s UtciUit, Purrlra/i, Mm/tn, CtmJtM, Sivwt, ipi- — >'
bclongiii)^ lu Mr. 1 1 Stvt,

—— I Sec '^tmf.Shn/m, aeJ Ik* Hti-*fi rf 4h Rti^n »f £lia^bcth, a US. formerly

Stiajiian

fire

^'ihjlian .m! t!ie main linJ, where, carrying their Things
on Shore, and ercrting a Forgr, they built a Pinnace, ami
repaired whatfocver was out of Order •, which VVork de-
tained them till (he 23d. Upon the 26th, they fell m upon
thcCoart of AmrUuM^f 10' North Latitude, from which
riace ihey ran along the Shore, till they came into 4S',
finding it a very ftccii Beach all along.

5. Nrccmhtr 27. they came to an Harbour, into which
the Admiral tirft entered, calling it, on tliat Account (trom
the Name of his Ship) Port Dffirt. Near this Harlwur
there arc an Ifland or Two, very tiill of Seals, and anotiicr
as well llockM with grey Gulls. The Harlwir itlelt is
very co.ivcnient fortrimmirtg .ind graving of vShips, Ixcauie
ol the conlicicrablc Ebbing aiul Flowing of the Water there.
Here the Savaties woundeti Two ov their Company with
thnr Arrows which are made of Canes headed with Flints.
A wild and rude fort of Creatures they wen- 1 and, as it
fecmed, of a gigantic Race, the Meafure of one ot their
Feet Ix'ing Eighteen Inches in Length: When any ( t
ihein die?, he is buiied in a Grave of Stone upon theClills
by the Sea .^idc, all l\is Darts being fattened aliout Ins
Tomb, and his Trealures of Shells laid under his Head.
This DcJcriptior agrees very well wit!) that oi Ma^c!!.in\\
though fiime Pains has been taken to reprcfent that as
f,ibulous \ jVrhaps, for want of uiid-rllanJing it. I le
Idt this Countr)' the Name of Patagonia, and gave the
Ir.Iub:tants tiut of Patagons \ by which he meant to fig-
nify, that thty were Five CuHts, or Seven Feet and an
half higti i w!i;ch, if wc ronfidtr, that the Porlugacfe are
not commoniy very tail themlllvrs, we need not wonder
that they ftikd them Giants. As to ihisCircumftanrc of
the Fwtftep, if we take the tirj.il Proportions of human
KoLlics, in which th; Foot is b;twccn a Fifth and Sixth of
the wi-.olc Body, then the Account given us here by Mr.
Ca'jcn.i:H}, a^^recs very exactly With that oi Mage.'Ian •, and,
as will be llicwn hereafter, is not falfificd by any of our
fubfcqutnt Travellers '.

6. Ltimbtr i9,. they left Port Dffirt^ and anchored
near an Idind Thrtr 1 .e.igries to the Southwanl, and kept
along the Co.ift South-well and by South. The ^oth they
came to a Rock, mucii like the F.ddy-ftone at Plymouth)
lying about Five Leagues from the Land, and in 48'' -^q'
South Latitude i and, founding, they had Eight Fathom
rocky Ciround within a Mile of it. I'liey kept on coafting
South South-weft, and found great Store of Seals all along
the Coaft. Jar.uary 2 . th -y fell in w ith a great white Ca^* in
A:-, and hotl Seven Fathom \V.itf'r within a League of the
Shore. The ^id, they fell in with another great Caf>e in
f2^ 43', from which Cape there runs a long Beach, about
a league to the Southward, and reaches to thcDjK-ning
cf the ,Wji^:'/.'ji.'t Streight : Under thu Cajx? they an-
chored, and lott their Anchor in a very great Storm,
which raged violently for Three Days togctiicr.

7. "fam.'.r\ (>. they put into the Streights, which they
found in feme Place, Five or ''ix Leagues wide, and in
other Places confidcrably mor« narrow. The 7th, between
the Mouth (,>f the .Stieights and the narrowclt Part of it,
rhcy t'X)k A Spaniard, who was left there with Twenty
three of the lame Nation i and thefc were ail remaining of
F our hundred, Icit Three Ye.irsbet>j,T inthefeStrcights. The
f.-.mc Day they palled the n^urowcil Part ot thole Strcights,
where thtSfaniardi iFewcd them the'Hull ot a fmull fiirk,
luppofed to be one letr by Sir Prancis DraJte. 1 he Moiith
f.f the Strcights is in 52° So'ith L.ititudc, and 'tis from
rhtnce to the narroweft Pafs l-nurteen Leagues, and the
Courfc is Wrfl by North ; i\Ui trom this narrowrft Pais to
Poiguin IJland li iti l-cagucs, and the Courl'e is Well
.S(,ufh-welt, and a li.tle to the Suuthwarii. Here in P(n-
f^uin IJland tliey anchored the Sth Day, and killed ami (alted
great Store of Pfnguiin. Janu,iry 9. they left ttiis llland,
and liiik-d Soutli Suutli well Cn da.i del Rey Fflrppt, or King
Philip''! City, huilt by the ^pattard' ■ If hatl l-our i-urti,
foi BaAiuns rarhery and each Fort had one call Piece in it,
ula(h Were all buried, and the Carnages left llaiuiing in
their I'laccs : They dug for thele Pieies, and recovered
them nil. Thji- City ha/.l I'cveral Churches in ir, and teemed
to U- very well contrived, rlj.'Miilly as to its Situation,
which was in the moft happy Place in all the Strcights, for

■ Nfr CavfniiiA wii i Ni<!i of Scr.fcxnd l.earning, aiui
I

77;^ V O Y A G E S of

Book L

the Convcniencies of Wood and Water. But mifcrable was
the Life which this forlorn Remnant of Spaniards had lived
there for the Space of iwo Years, having hanily any thing
but a few Shell-fini to fupport Nature withal, except they
had the good Link to take a Deer, at any time, that came
down from the Mountains to drink. Their Defign in come-
ing to this Town, was to fortify thefc Strcights, fb that all
other Nations, bcfides themfelves, (hould be debarred of a
P.ifTage into the South Sea : But, bcfides the Badncfs of the
Chmatc, the Barrenncfs of the Soil, and the Inclemency
of the Weather, the W»/i«j, their moll implacable Enemies,
broke in ui)on them by frequent and furious Expeditions ;
anil by thele means they were reducal to the laft Extremities,
all their Stores brought out of Spain being fpent, and no
more to be gotten abroati, the Country cither not afford-
ing it, or the Indians falling upn them, and hunting the
Spaniards, while they hunted a few Deer for the Preferva-
tionof th.ir Lives: At lafl they died like fo many Dogs, in
their \ foufes in gre.it Numbers ; and the Stench of the
putrefying I creates infce'ling thofcthat furvived, they were
forced to quit the Town with one Confent, and go rambling
upn the .Sta CoalU, living uix)n Leaves j:;d Roots, and
Sea Heibs, or what Animals they at any time happily
ciuuht. Tluy determined to march on to the River
t)f/'7.i.v, ansl were, in this their miferablcProgrcfs, met by
tiie i.ij^'.tii.; as vaslx-toreolilcived. The Admiral named
this I'lace 'lor the Scarcity of all NeccfEirics here) Port
hamtne : It lies in 5 ^» South latitude. The 14th, they
kit this Place, and lan •; l-eagues .South-weft XoCz'^ t'ro-
v.ard, which Caj.ic is the Southcrmoft Part of the Strcights,
aixi lies in the Latinule .-,4°. From this Cape, failing
Wed by North 1 ive Leagues more, they put into a Bay,
which they called Mupl Cr.f, trom the Store of Mufllis
found there. The 2ifl, they Iclt th.it Place, and failed
North weft and by Weft, 10 leagues to a fair tandy
Bay which the Admiral called £(7jij^;/i ^<»;r. The 2;d,
they departed trom Lhzatcb Bay, .md, alxxit 2 Lxagucs
( tf, found a g;j<xl River, in which the Admiral towed up
the Boat lor the Sparc of 1 hrcc Miles : There was a ple.v
fsnt champgne Country that lay about the River -, but,
t xcept this, all near the Strcights was craggy and moun-
tai'H>ui, inhabited by a flrong, well made, but a very
brutifh tort of Savages, who, it was taid, had eat up many
a .Spaniard, and wouk! tali! have nuiic a Meal ujx)n Knglijb
Melh too, but that they faileil of bunging them into their
1 r..p: Flic Admiral, hnduig the Plot they had laid to betray
him, nude hii Men talute llicm with their Harquebullcs,
which \.\'A Lxciution \x\x>n le-voral r So, leaving that River,
they failed to St. 'Jaom's Chanel, which was a Leagues
oti". From this CiUiicl they failed W^eflward alxiut s, or
4 J < agues, to a Cap w.-.ich lies 0:1 the North of it -, from
which Cajx-, to tiie Mouth of the Strcights, the Courfe
runs North-well, aiid Noith-wetl by WefV \ and the Di-
(iance iromthente. to the Futrantc into the South Sea, is
alKjut j4 Leagues-, to that tlic l-engthof the whole Strcights
IS 90 Ixragues, ' 1 IS tartlwroblcrvable, tJutthc F.ntrance
ot the Streight.'. into the .South Sea is in near the tame
l.atuude with the Paflage out of the North .Sea into the
Strcights, which is 52" 40' South Latitude \ and here be-
twetn the fore-mentioned Calx; and ! e Mouth of the
Strcights, they were torcetl to he in i larcour till lebr. 23.
the kealon of wlm h Continemeiit was, the ftormy Winds,
an i excellivc Rains that jKnirctl down with lixrh Fury from
the Mountains, thst they were brought into extreme I )an-
gei thereby, l<cing no lets dillreircd tor want of Food, than
liy ihc Badncls <)f the W'eathir, which hardly (xrmitteJ
them to lanil, and range the Country for .1 Sujiply. As
thty lay here m tlie Strfrij^hts, they obler^■ct^ (which had
alt(» fxrn dili ov; red by the Spa-.tjrds before) that there
were HarUiurs on lx>th Sides the Shore, at every Mile or
Two .Miks Dillance, tolerably convenient, at leall fbrfiT^all
Ships.

8. FebruAry 24. they entered the -South Sea, obferving
on the South Side of the JMitr.mtc a very high Cajie, with
h. low I'luiit adioining to it •, and on the North Fowr or Fivi
lilamls, lying Six I .t agues off the Main, with much broken
and tunk Ciiound aliout them. Ma'-ch 1 . ihey ha 1 a gr< at
Storm at Nif,ht, m whith tiny lull the CoMii>any ot the

wa> tlieitfoic mbie accunlc itwi: iiiclt \'uy>|«-Hiiteri art.

Hugh Galla

Leagues frc

Four Days,

and beaten

really every

made a Shi I

of her Cres

came in bet

(he met the

Jiad, during

the Ide of J

(ovnc of th(

the Indians 1

with their B

Diftri^l of y

and confeqiK

had been di'

pofe, the In

themfelves,

than they) c

and theic dei

ardi, gaved

to give the c

chor, and r

where they I

llland itfclf 1

Hogs, Hem

tiiat live hert

tliat ihey dar

themt'elves.

Dilciples, yc

C lu-iliians.

Venty or Eip

Welcomcel b)

tlirin to a Pii

ardi \ round

nilhed with ^

any in Eugla.

Stores with fi

fides, good S

fith ami Mai]

vited the fw

ment ; and 1

Clearly, tliat 1

(as they hithc

very tree witj

lelhiigthem,

jlranco, they

but the Admi

tion, it l>cing

profccutcd m

\oyagc.

<). rhe 18
UxM a[\ tiut
Tltc lyth, tin
and iincluned
•<och, they car
iatiiudci aiu
fifty or Sixty
Country .Sevei
vaft Herds eil
and Conies, P
well rtm krd w
veiled as far as
any remarlal:
awhik; ujxin th
in good Orilei
Party of 200
and diat upon
elcajictl trom t
tiiers, though
Init kip' a! a I
DiflurfjaDtT;
tie boK'e.i- i toi
hard at work
wateh-il rJic (
light, wlien tl
down Two hi
making a thilt
NcMIl III.

Chap. I.

Sir T ft ct M A s Cavendish.

olilerving
sjxr, Willi
ror Fivi
:h brcikin

)■ lit tlif
Jlu;b

Hugh G»llanl, being then io 49* South Ltti*-Kkt and 45
Leagues from the Ijmd. 1 he Storm condmied Three or
Foiir Days, and the Hugh GtlUtnl^ having fprui^ a Leak,
and beaten by the Stomit in Seas tir from all Help, was
ready every Moment to fink to the Bottom: However, fhc
made a Shift to liold out, by the great Labour and Pains
of her Crew i and, oi> the 1 5th in the Morning, fhc
came in between the lllc Saint Mary and the Main, where
(he met the Admiral and the CnttiU, whkh Two Ships
iiad, during tiic Storm, fecured thmilri ""i Two Days at
the Ifle of Afutha, in 38" South l^t' "c. iv; this Place
Ibme of the Comiwny, well armed. ■•' nt ;," jre, where
the Iiuliaiu mrt them, and gave them ■ warm Hcccption
widi their Bows and Arrows. Thell- /*u.„ -. were of the
Didri^l of /fraticfy which, being a Country rich as Gold,
and confcqucntly very tempting to the avaritious SpoHtardi,
had been divers times invaded by them, bat to no Fur-
pofe, the Inhabitanu having always fo briskly defended
themfclvcs, diat their Enemies (thougit better proviiied
dtan they) could never boaft ot being their Conquerors \
and thcfe licfperutc Men, millaking the EftHfi* f""" Spani-
ardi, gave them that EntcrtaiimK-nt wiiich they always ufed
to give the other. Alter the Skirmilh they weighed An-
chor, and ran under the Wdl Side of St. Mary Ifland,
where they had good Riding in Six Fathom Water. I'hc
Illand itfclf hcs in 37" 30 South Latitude, aixi abounds in
Hugs, Hens, and divers forts of Fruits : The lndi«ns
tiiat live here are in fuch abfolute .Slavery to the Spaniards,
cliat they dare not fo nuich as kill a luwl or a Swine for
ihemfelves. And though the Spaniards have maiic ihem
Dikiples, yet they ufe tltcni more like Dogs, than Men or
Clu-ilti.iiis. The lOtli, the Ailmiral went alhore -vith Se-
venty or tighty Men well .inncd -, diey were met and
wclcomcil by I'wo Jniiam of tjiiality, who condutled
ilirin 10 a I'iacc, where was a ChajK'l built by the Spani-
ards ; ruuiul about wlucii were icvcral Storehoulcs, iur-
nilhtd witli g<XKl Wheat and Barliy, as clean and fair as
any in England. Tliey providtil thetnlelves out of the
tStorcs with lutlicicnt Qi^iantities of Corn, aiul laid in, be-
hdes, goiKl Store of Hogs, Hens, Potatoes, dried Dog-
filli ami Maiz, which is Guiuey Wheat : The Admiral in-
vited the fwo principal Indians alward to an tntcnain-
ment 1 and the Wme having opened tiieir Lyes to fee
eitJriy, tli4t the Admiral .ind his Men were no Spaniards,
fas thry hitherto iuppoled them to Ije) they began to be
very tree with them, and to talk largely ot tlieGoki Mines,
tclLngthem, that, if tiuy would go acrofs the Country to
jiranco, they might get as much Gold as they cared for 1
Ixit ths Admiral, not pertcttly undcrrtaiiding the Informa-
tion, it l)eins given partiv by Signs, wiiich were obi' ure,
prolecutcd not that Adventure, but went on with his
\ oyugc.

c). The i8th in the Morning, they left this Place, anil
failrtl .ill dut Day Nortli North-eatl, abt.ut 10 Leagues,
llic lyth, du-y ran ui with the I^and at hall North-eatl,
and iinciiuK'd under :in Illand called the CoHctptt$n. I'he
•^(xh, they came into the Bay ot i^intere, in 3^° 50' South
i jiutudc i and the lall Day of ttiat Month, a Company ot
I'llty or Sixty Men, wdl furnilhetl, miKhcd up into tlie
Couiiiry .Seven or Fight M;ks : In their March, tliey law
vail Mcrds of wild Cattle, with Horlirs, Dogs, Hares
and ConK-s, Fartridj^e, ami other Fowl j many hue Rivers,
well dm kid with all lorts of wild Fowl v but, having tra-
velled as tar as they could lor the Mountains, and without
any rcmarkal^k Adventure, after rctrelliing themlelvcs
awhile ujxin the Bank* of a picalant River, they returned
in good Ortler to their Ships at Night : Yet was there a
Party of zoo Horfe abroail that Day to !uvc taken them,
and tliat upon the Inlormation ot the Spaniards that hatl
eliaj**! from tluin tiic D.iy before •, hut cheic v.iliant Sol-
diers, though they law diem, duiil not make any Attack,
Kit kip' .1' a Diftance, and lo let them ^o off without any
Dithirtuiicc Hut the next Day, /fpril <-,. diey were a lit-
tle bolder •, for Ibme of die Englifb being alhore, and very
hard at work tilling Water, tlu* Spaniards (who hail
wauh'd rhc Opportunity, and were then very eager to
lil^iii, w!i..n tiny law their I'.nemies v.^'ry bufy) jKiurcd
down Two huiidreil Ilorlc from the Hills ujwn them,
m.iking a fhilt to kill fume tew of them, and takea fmdl

N u M u 111.

Number of them Prifoners : But the glorious Vklory or
the Spaniards had a fudden Period (Bt to it, by tlic coming
of Fifteen Et^itjb more, who foon changed the Fortune
of the Day, uot only refcuing their own Company, but
killing Twenty-four of the Sfaniardt upon the Spot, and
driving the reft i^ the Mountains again. After this, they
rid in the Road, and watered there, in Spite of die Spa-
niards j till the 5tli Inftant, when they left this Bay of i^/x-
Itroy putting in 4t a fmall Illand, about a League from the
Bay, which is full of Penguins and other Fowl : They pro-
vkUd themfclves with v/hat Store they wanted, and fo
failed away North and North by Weft, in order to profe-
cute their Voyage.

10. The I ijth, they came to Moro Mortno, which lies in
23° 30' South Latitiide, under the Tropic of Capricorn,
and has an excellent FI arbour, which is made fo by an
Ifland, whicli gives a Ship Entrance at either End of it.
Here the Admiral went alhore with Thirty Men, and was
met by the Indians., who brought freflj Water and Wood
on their Backs: They are a fimplc fort of People, and live
after a wild and favage manner, and in very great Awe
and Dread of rhe Spaniards ; they brought the Admiral
and his Company to their Houfes, which lay about Two
Miles troni the FJarbour ■, tliele were compofed only of a
few Ratters laid acrofs, fiipported by Two or Tiirec Forks
ftuck in the Ground, with Boughs fprcail over them:
Their Be.ls Acre the Skins of wihl Beafts, laid upon the
Floor 1 aiul their food little elfe but raw ftinking Fifh.
VVhcii any of diem die, they bury them with all the
Goods and .\rnis that belong to them, as Bows and Ar-
rows, and tiieir very Canoes : Thefe Canoes of theirs arc
very artificialiy made, being formed of Two Skins like
Bladders, wliit 1\ are blown full .it one End with Qui. Is :
A Couple oi 1 hell-, being made fall together with the Sinews
of fome wild Leaft, ami tlien put into the Water, fwell
and pull" up at that rate, that they are as firm and tiglit as
can be. 'Ihi^y make nothing of venturing to Sea in thefe
Boats, and lading them with great f^uantiues of Fifh, Part
of which gois for Tribute to the Spaniards, and Part is
kept to lliiik for their own eating.

11. ALiy j. they came into a Bay, where are Three
little Towns, Paracca, Cbincba, and Pifca, which latter
Place lies in ij' 20 South Latitude; they landed here,
ami took lome Provifions of Wine and Bread, Hens and
Figs, out ol lome ot tlie Houfes -, but they could not get
alhore at the bell ot the I'owns, the Sea ran fo extremely
high. They made theml'clves Mailers of Two ritli Sliips
by tills tune, laden with Sugar, Melallls, Mm/, Cordo-
van .Skii's, Montego de Porco, Packs of I'intadoes, Ii:diatt
Coats, Marmalade Hens, tft'. One of them, which had
the bell lading, would have yielded 2o,ouo /. h.id there
been Opportunity 10 have n:aJe a Sale: And of all this,

!iey took as niucli as tluy could conveniently Ixflow in
their Ships, burning the rcll with the ^ cll'els, and fctting
all the People in ihim afliurc. The 2t ih, they came into
the R<ud ol Paita, whicli li<s in 5= 4' South Latitude;
die I'ottii itl'elt is well built, very neat and clr:in in all
Parts ot It, and contains a! out 200 Houfes. fhc Ad-
miral landed here with Sixty or Seventy Men, had a Skir-
mi!h witli the liilu.bitants, ttic Ilfue of which wai, that the
Engiijh Lxat them quite out of the Tinvn, and forced them
up the Hills, troiu whence they played with their fmall
Shot upon them ; but would not venture a fair Battle out
of dicir mountainous Reluges. When the Englijh had j of-
felled themlelvcs of the Town, they marched atte, the
Enemy up the llilJs ; and, alter lome Difpute, obliging
them to retire IhU further, till it came to a thorough and
complete Rout, they fcizetl all their Baggage, which they
hail brought with them out of the Town, and lodged there
fi.rSe.ciu-ityupand down in the Mountains. Here was plenty
ot all luits ci Huufhuld- fluff, Storehoufes full of all lorts
of Wales, and 2, lb. Weij^ht of Silver in Pieces of Eight.
They {tt :hc Town on Fire, and burnt it to the Ground j
and alio to the V due of 5 or 6000 /. in Goods, together
with a Bark lying ui the Road ■, and lb, leaving the Spa-
niards the Blaze of their flaming Houfes and Goods, to
light them down from the Mountains at Night, they went
hence, and directed their Courle to i 'tow.

ill

«f J-

-■J ih

I?.. .\Aiv

J ..

The VOYAGES of

B(X)k r.

12. Maj IS tlif y ai lived «t tVe Ifle ?»««, «Kch fo &t
i' South Latitude i in the Hirbour whereof they found a

of the Ibnner feeing worth Forty, and of the Imrr l\n
Crowm. Thefe Caeiot km amongft them both for Meat
and Moaey. They aw like Almonds, though not alto-

largc Ship of a ?o Ton, riding at Anchor with all her FuT' _. «_. . . c- i J-'r^ • ■

^ :, whichVhcy funic, amffo went a&ore. The Lord grther %?^l^^ '5^^'*' ^°^ H ?""'*; ""^
i;inciscalledtheC4^offtoi.;hewa.an/»ir*i P«fi >n Trade >nite.J?f «?^y Money, 1 50 ot them U ,ng

niture,

of this , ,

"born, but, having married a SfMi/b Woman, and bemg
rcfolved tobc of his Wife's Rehgion, he marie te ftibie<^»
follow his Fxample. He had a fumjxuous and well con-
trived PJare near the Sea-fide, with curious Gardens ad-
joining to it, and fair Profpefts, both to the Water, and
up into the Country. He kept all the Miam of the Ifland
"in continual Drudgery, their Work beinc to make Cables,
Inch riinry nf which arc uiadc by thofe labouring Miiin<,
t'l.it the South Sea b moftly fumilhed fmm hrnce. Tht-
marc! is neai- as big as the 1/U of IVrght, and has a great
Share of the BlelTmgs of Nature j for, though n dt)cs not
yield Mines of Oold and Silver, yet it affonis thofc ' hings
that are far more neccffary for human Lif:-: There is excel-
lent ralliirc land here, and Varirt>- of ufefu! Animals to lie
niaintaimd by it, as HorlV s. Oxen, Sheep, Goat<, that are
virv tame, and yield abundance of Milk, kfuiis very good
I owl, Pigeons, Turkeys, and Duck«. ul .1 large Sl/.e.
The Cj/?f« had Orchards that yieKI nicU Son<; <.f nftfil
J'niits, as Oranges, Lemons, Figs I'uingraiiatc, Pom
pion.s Melons, Cucumbers Radilhes, t<. witli divcr-
Sorts of odoriferous Plants, as Kelt mary, Thyme, b'r one
of them fct round with Trees that l>ear the Hombaii:.
•Cotton, the To( s of which grow full of Pods, out ol wim h
the Cotton itfclfnfes. In the Cotton lies a Sen', ol' ilvj
'Bignefs of a Pea, and in every Pod thi-rc art; Stveii or
tight of thele Seed«, which, if the Cotton be nt-t ga-
thered when 'tis npe, take root, and prtKlu-e a new
Plant. May 29. the Admiral went to a little lllind
•clofc by /'««<», into whch the Cafique lia-.l conveyeil all
the valuable Furniture ot his Palate, and otiicr Muvi-ahics,
recelTary both foi- Houf<- and Ship. Thef. Storrs being all
difcovcred, t.'icy took or plunder'd what they thought tit
out of thfm, .and conveyed it into their Shi['S. They
burnt the Church alfo, which ftooil hard t>y the (afifit'%
Palace, and bro.igl-.t away the Five Bells that were in it.
"Jwit 2. 100 ypnnuirdi alTaulrrd them, killing and taking
Pri'.oners Twelve ot the Engl-.fh, and lofing Forryiix o<
tljrir own, in that Fmounfrr. The fame Dav, going
all. on: again, with %vcnty Mt, they met with a Pany u<
too SpiiniiirJ), aimed with Mufkef., and jfo Itdtam,
with Bi)ws anii .Arrows •, and, h.iving mtircly ptit them to
Flight, they nadi H.av(xk of rhtir Fields .ind Orchanis
;ind burnt I-tnir great Sliijw ujwn theStcxk", .1' alfo the
Town iifJt. which they kit a mere Ib.ij-- <i. Hubbilh
This Town hail r:o li S than ^(•T'lioiinA ;n it ; Ixlidr'
whiih, there were Two <ii 'I'hrre Towns 111 VunA, that
fontaiiud 200 lIouf<«. ejch ' , fo tlut it was the Vf-ry btft
Irtticd lP.,ind on all rhis Coaft.

I .{. June :;. thcv weigh'd ; ur «)f t'l'' Road of Puna,
and faiini to R:o Ihuf, where they v.itered ; and, rhr
1 2th, pafTed thel'qniro^tial,tontinuii ^ 1 N'ortli rly I ourfr
all the reft of the Month. Ju.'y 1. they had Sight it
Niina Lfpanna, I 'ing Four Leagues ■lilhuit from tlv
Land, ami in 10° Noith I atitudc. The 91I1 Inftant they
look a new Ship of 1 20 Ton, in which was <>ne .\U(hatl
^ntcius, a Projiitfal, an ', Native of Marjciif!, a very
fkilfiil Cfsarter in tl "-oitth .Seas, whom the Ai'miral t, ok
for hii i'l.'ct 1 am' ne them fnr hill Hint of the grejt

Ship .inn,-: Mana, v i^n ih(7 took alirrwards coming fioj,:
thi- Pbi.ippii-: lllands ; thiy took, all the Men, tiie Sails,
•theRojit-,, cfr. cut of this iiiip of S\tmtU3'i, anel then fet
her on Fire. The n th they took a Batk that was going tu
-^;ive the Alarin a!! alcng the Cr ill vf the Arrival of the
J.ngltp>y but all tlv Men were f one out of her. The j6th
ti'iey came to .in Anchor in die Kiver Qpaltia , and the
lame Nigiif, with Thi.iy .Men 1:1 the Pinnace, rowetl tu
Jgatit'ic, 1 wo Leagues from the Rivtr •, and in 1 r° 40'
North latitude, they made a Defcent umn thmi, ami
Uiint Ixjth the 'I own aiidCullom-lioulir, which was a large
aiul fair Building. Here were laid up 600 Bags ol .Anile,
(lor the Dying of Clotb^ and ^(jo of Cacaos, every Bag

' II had hern niorc ailr;faiblr to hare ttnued ibrie Tropic «tll.

the South Sr..' • Tbit ti, i»un nude lotg CbutvUlc.

flcirtbti'i uil ."Muciiiv.

in Value equal to a Rial of PUte '

14. The 2 8th, they fet Sail from (If (i/«/4, the vSea running
fo high there, that they couM not fill Water ; and reacheil
jigatukt the ftme Night, The next Day the Admiral
went afhore, with Tniity Men, marching Two Miles
into the Woodi, where they took a MtjUzt belonging to
the Cuftom-houfe of that Town, and a confidrrable Parrel
of Sniffs with him, and carried both the Matter and the
Goods away to their Shipa. yfugi^ 14. the Admiral and
Thirty Men went in the Pinnace to tlie Havcn Piiertt tie
NaiiviJsJ, whkh lies ig' Notth IjfitiKle, where Sanduj
hail informed them wouki be a Prize } but, Ixfore tliey
came thither, (he was gone Twelve L^gues farther to Klh
for Pearls. However, here they took a Muhiio, th* was
fent to give Notice of the Engiifl} all along the Coalt of
NuevaGMUifiA, together with all his letters; and burnt
the Town, and Two Ships of 200 Ton that were then
buiklmg there, ami fo returned to their Shifts. Tlic itth,
they came into the Bay of Si. Itg$, where they watered at
a gooil River, that yulded them great Store of I'llh, and
fome ^^lannty of Pearls: This Bay is in 10° 18' North
I jtittKle. Sepitmhtr 2. they kft St. /agt, and the j<l Day
came into the Bay of MaUcca, lying a League to the
Wel\w.anl of Port Na/nuUd, and a very good Place lor
Ships to nde in. The (iunc- Day the Admiral, with about
Thirty Men, went afliore m an LuliaH Town tailed /^oj-
lUn, which iies Two I eag'.us from the R<rad. It con-
filKd of Twenty or i hirty Moules, and aChureli, whicfi
th( y demohfhed, and went aboard s^ain that Night. The
4th, they left the Bay of MaUfct^ ami liulcd akmg the
Coaft. The 8th, they came to the Road of Chanjl.'a,
which is F.ighr«n I .(•ap,ues fmm the Cape De its dr-
ritnlr, having met with fair Winds, and line Weather.

15. rhe qtii in the Morning, the Admiral lent out
Forty Men, ;witJ« SoHiiiu \\x a Guide) who, marching
i wo I.eagues through the Woods, and delirt Places,
lighrni of I'wo or i hrcc Families, fome of which were
Indmnj, others Spaniard.', and one Ptrtuguf/t, all which
they bujught to their Shiiis. The Admiral naele the
Women fetch Pbntanes, lemons, Otanges, and other
Frtiits i and, for a Reward, let all their Huiba/tds free
again, encejx one Sembrane, a Sp<mfif Carpenter, ami
Difgo, the PertMgktff, whom he rctaineil. Ihc i jth,
they arrivetl at the llland St. Amhne, a very woody i'lace,
am; yielding vail Store of Fowl and Seals, and a fort <jl
SerjHrnts, 'or Lizards rather) calksl Igtuttus, which liavc
Four le<.t, arul a (harp long Tail, but arc very gtxxl
Meat. Ixaving St. /UJrns's llland, they came the 24th
into the Road of Majfttlan, which lies under the Tropic
ot ('41 - This Rivir is l.irge within, but much barred.
There v . ,.eat Store of frelh Filh in that Bay, and cood
Fruits uj in .he Cotmtiy. i he 27th, they departed Iro.-n
Mtijfittlan, and came to an llland, whkh is a League
to the Noithward of MaJJaikn, where they heeled their
Ship^, ami new-built their Pinnace, and found a linle
IIUikI * (Quarter of a l/eaguc from it, 0,1 which arc Seals.
1 hey found u(on this llTamI where tb«y heeled their Pin-
nace, frrrti Water, by digging 1 wo or 1 hree iheet deep
in the Sami, wheie no Water, or Sign of Water, was
before to be peaeivcd ; ritlierwilc tliey miift have gone
ba-k Twenty or Thirty Ixaguts to water. But Ciod
railed one Fhrn, a .''pitmaid, who was a Priloner w.tii
then , to make a Moiiuii to dig m the Sands : Their Gc-
neial, havitig had f .<jx iienie onrc before of the like, torn-
nunded to put this Motion m Pracbcc \ and, in diggirj;.
Three Feet deep, thry (ouiid very go«»d and frelh Water
So they watered their .Ships, and inigli! have tilled tot i
'Tons more, it they wouki. In this lllaii they Iby'd tiil
the ()th ot ()fhi>er, and then taied for Cape .57. iM^ar,
whiili IS on the Wert Side of the Pont ot Gik/oniit, with
wluch they fell in on the i4ih of the lanje Moi.tJi, oblcrv-

1 htfc winion .VU ol Cruelly hirt been ihe Ruin of »!! our K.peiliiioni ,n!9
ll » I'jkt tu U*Yt fucb Dcfciipiiojit, kid Jf ihr) ki I'ruuli ul • \^ (Kti'i Irnu.

ing,

Chap. I. J» T H o M A s Cavendish.

inpr, that it had very wiich the f»me Appearance with the
Ntedkt at the Ifle tf ^tght, whiclj had been before taken
iiiMii t! of by Sir Pmiicis Drakt'% People, and has been
toiihrmed by ail who have failetl lliithtr fince. Within this
Li\K there is a very large Bay, ca'lcd by the Spaniards
.IguaJa Srgura ; into which lay there falls a fine frelh-
watcr River, and on the Hanks of it there are cora-
nonly a gnat Numl)cr of Indians., who inhabit there
Hiiring the Summer Scafon Into this Bay they came,
watered in the River, and remained there till die 4tli of
Nevimher^ tlir Wieuls continuing all that time to liang
Wdii-riy. 1 htv waited here tor t'le AiapuUo Ship.

1 6, Novembi' 4. ti»e l)ffireini\ the Content went beating
up iiml ilown upon the [leadUnd of Cttlifonua, which lier.
m n'' 24' North L^ititude •, upon which Day, in the
Morning, one of the Admiral's Company, going up tlic
1 op null, Ipurd a Sail bearing in trom tiir Sea with tlic
C3|HM which he prcfently fignified to the Company, with
thi> joytul I'xclaiTUtion of, ^ Sail, a Sail! Ihe Admiral,
having put ail Things in Readinefs, fct forward in tiic
Purliiit ot her ; and, having chafed her llu-ec or lour
Hours, ill the Afrcrnoon came up with her, and iaiuted
hr- with a Hroad-lide, and a Volley of fmall Shot. They
found her to be the St. /inu, bekmging to the King of
Spain, the Admiral of all the South Seas, and of 70c Ton
Burden. Having boarded her, they found all Things in a
i;oo»i Foftiire of Defence -, the Sails were laid clofc upon
the PcKip, rhc Mid-fhip, and the Forecaftle. All the Men
lloo«l clofe under Fights, which the Captain had rJilcd,
providetl wiili Vargets, Javelins, Swords, and great .Stones,
v.lach they threw into the Englilb Ship, and at them that
had Ixjardrd theirs, forcing them to retire with thel^ls
ot 1 wo Men, and Four or Five woonaed. But the Ad-
miral, making a frclh Attack with his great and fmall
.Shot, raked them thrtHJgh and through, killing and wound-
ing great Numl>ers, as the Ship was tuU ot Men •, yet they
llwxl very tightly to their Bulincls. .'Jut the next Kroadlidc
icduced them to the lail Extremity, lioring fuch wide
1 lolesfor the Water to po'jr in, thai dicy law they mult
cither yield or fink. Whereupon, hanging out a Hag of
Truce, they delued the Adiv.iral to fave tlieir l^ves, and
they would yield their Ship, with all the rich Cargo, into
his Hands. Ihu he granted, but commanded them pre-
lently to ftnke their Sails to hoirt out rheir Boat, and
« ome aboard -, which was uci oniingly done by the Captain,
ihi- Pilot, ami one (.f ti.e iliiel Meiclunts. I'liey told

i i.' Adniir.il \vli:,t tliey iiad alvjard, which appeared to lie
worth iightiiii; (ur, linee tlier> were 122,CKX) Pe/oes of
CioKI, rich Silks, Satt;n.<i, Damasks, Musk, with divers
other Sorts ot Meri handi/.r, and .ill manner ot Provilions,
almoll .IS acceptable as their Riches.

17. This Pn/.e dius ^loiioufly obtained, on November
the (ith, thiy pur into the I larboiir Puerto Seguro, where
all die Spanutids, both Men and Women, to the Number
ot 1 .-,0, were fet afhorr, the Admiral having chofen a
vciy truitlulSpit for them to live U|)on ; and, befidcs, gave
them gcxxi Store ot Wine and V'lftuals, wiih the Sails of
their Ship, and tome Planks, to Iniild them little Houles
in tilt: Country. Ihe Owners thus ditivjled of, the next
ihini:; was to ftiarc the Booty they hail brought -, and here
this ungrateful Work of Dillribution quiiHy involved ihc
Adsr.ual in the ill Cimimibnces of a Mutiny, every M;ui
iiavirg a fliarp Apjxrtitc to theCjold; but no Minever
thinking he had enough. This Feud and Av;iriec ap
{xaied molt violently in ilic (.cn:ent. But all wasqiiiekly
and quietly < ompromilcd by the c.mdid Behaviour and de-
nerolity of the Admu.1l. Sovember 1 7. being her Majefly's
Coronation-day, they diieiiarged all their Ordnance and
linall Shot in both their Sh.ps, and at Night continued
the Celebration ot the Felhval with Firt works. The Ad-
miral rclerved of the Priloners in tlu: Sfamjh Ship, Two
Japonrje Boys, and 1 hrec that were N.itives of the Illc of
Manilla, a Portugueje ihat had been in China and 'Japan,
and a SpanijbVii'^t. of jiertcil Knowled(^',e in all the Parts
l>etween .liapnUo and Nuna hjp-inn.i, to the Illands of
t.udrcnes. This .liitpulco is the 1 1 iv( n trom whence they
ii t (Alt lor the Philippines, as the lil.niJs hidronts arc liicir
llatkd I'laies of Rcfrclhmtiu.

I Si. Nuvtmbcr 19. the Admiral, iiaving difclurgcd the

irg,

Captain of the S4. Anne with a noble Reward, and fuffi-
cicnt Provifion for 'his Defence againtl the Imlium, hred
the Ship itfelf, having to the Quantity of 500 Tons of
Goods in her, and faw her burnt quite down to the Water's
Edge. And now this great Bufinefs being luppily ac
compliihed, which they had lb tong attended upon, they
fct Sail very cheariully for England. But they had the
Misfortune to Lie the Content, their Vice-admiral. She
(laid fome little time behind them in the Road ; and they,
expcfting Ihe would overtake them, went on licfore, but
never had her Company again. However, purliiing tlieir
own Voyage, they direftcd their Courfe to the TlLuuls
LadroHts, which are diftant from this Haven of .■fgiuida
Segura, near 1800 Leagues. And this took them up
about Forty-five Days, viz. from NtveaUer 19. to January
3. Upon this Day, early in the Morning, they had Sight
of one of the Iflands Ladrenes, called Guam, which Res
in 1 3° 40 North latitude j and, failing with a gentle Gale
before the Wind, came up within Two Leagues of the
Ifland : Here they faw Sixty or Seventy Canoes full of
Savages, that brought Cocoas, Plantancs, Potatoes, and
trcfti Filh, to exchange for fome of their Coinmoditics.
They gave them fome Pieces of old Iron, which they
hung on upon fmall Cords and Fifhing-lines, and fo let it
verc to die Canoes •, and, by the fikme Method, they got
back to their own Ship what the Savages offered in
hxchangc. After the TratHck was ended, they came croud-
ing witii their Canoes about the Ship, and thruft in lb
clolt-, Ibme of them, that the Ship broke Two of their
Canoes, though the Savages thcmtelves were none of them
drowned, the Water being almoft a.s natural to them, as to
the Fiflies that live there : And fo they continued following
the Ship, and would not leave the Company of it, till the
FlarqueUiifes weie ciilclur^i d at t.hcm, though 'tis icn to
one if they killed any ot the.m ; for, they are fo very
nimble, that they drop immediately into the Water, and
dive beyond the Reach ot all Danger, upon the leafl
WainL:g in the World J'licy were very large Men, cxtra-
ordmtry fat, of a t^iwny Colour, and wear their Hair
mighty long for the molt part •, though fome have it tied
up in Knots upon the Crown, like the wooden Images that
(land at the Heatl of liicir Canoes. Thcfe Canoes were
very artitkially made, coniidering that no edged Tool was
ufcd about them •, they arc about Seven or Eight Yards in
Length, and half a Yard in Breadth, and tJicir Heads and
Sterns were bodi alike : They are made with Rafts of Canes
and Reeds on the Starboard Side, and have both Malls
and Sails -, which latter are made of Sedges, and that either
fijuare or triangular. They have this excellent Prop^Tty,
that they will fail as well againll as before the Wind.

19. January 14. by Break of Day, they fell in with a
Flead-land of the Philippine lllands, called Caba del Spirit j
Santo. The Ifland itfelf is large, high in die Middle, and
deprelFed to the Ea(l and Wcfl i'arts, and running a great
way into the Sea Wellward : It lies in ^jo' North Latitude,
and it is diflant trom Ciuam 1 1« Leagues, and about Sixty
from Mantllu, which is the chief of the Pliilippir.fi. It is
a woody Ifland, and its Inhabitaiits are motlly Fleathetii.
They fpcnt Fit v en Days failing to this Place from Guam,
having lunie foul Weather, and I'carce bearing any Sail at
all tor I'wo or Tluee Nights. Manilla is inhabited by
Spaniards, who live there to the Ninnbrr of Sue or Seven
hundred Perlons. It is an unwalled Tuwn, and of no
jfreai Strength, though it has vail Riches in Gold, and
ft.veaal gotxl Commodities ; it has a conflant yearly Cor-
rel'(x*ndcnce with /icapuko, in Nue^a Ejpanna, Ixtfides
Twenty or Thirty Ships from China, and the Trade of the
Sangueloes, which is very protitable. Thcfe Sangueloes
are Cbineje Mercliants, very fharp and fenfible Men in all
Matters of 'Trade and Merchandise, cxtrenuly mpjCnious
in mechanical Contrivances, and the mofl expert Embroi-
derers in Silk and .Sattin that are in die whole Woild ;
thny work any Form of Beail, or Fowl, or FiQi, intiold,
Silver, or Sil!<, with allthejull Proportion and Colour in
every Part, and giving it sdl the Lite and Beauty that an
cx.ellent Painter i-.in do, or Nature herfelf bellows ot^ the
living OrigituI : And 'tis plain, diat thcfe Men mull
bring a very gainful Trade to Mmlla, liiitc they made no
uiurc »t Ovid than tliey i^id -, fur, as tiicy brought great

Qvaiintie*

i ■ 1

I \ji

' ''s%

;M|

h \

Ihe VOYAGES c/

Book I.

Quantifies of that precious Metal along witli them, fo ihcy
txchanged it thrrc Weight lor WiigW for Silver.

20. The (ixxK 14th Day in the Evening, they entered
the Streighfts, between the Ifland Lucon^ anil the Ifland ot
<Mmhaia. The 15th, they fell in with the Ifl^md diCafiJy
pairing a very narrow Streight between that Iflund and an-
other, in which the Tide was confidcnibly great, and a
l>ctlgc of Ro«..;s lay on one Sklc them off the Point of
Co/*/, but they paffed without Danger. Within the Point
was a fair Bay, and a gooil Harbour, in Four F«thom
"Water, within a Cable's Length of the Shore. About
Ten in the Morning they came 'o Anchor, ami prefently a
Canoe rowed up to thcni, in which was one of the Seven
chief Gyfj-'M of the Illind -, they juffitl for Spamards with
tliefe Peoj^lf, who, according to their ulbal Way of trading
wth them, came and brought their Cocoas and Poratoe-
roots to the l-.nghjb in like manner. They gave them a
Yard of Linen Cloth for Four Cocoa', and as much for
about a Quart of Poatoes, which, in that IlLimi, arevtTy
fweet and excellent Meat, cither roaftcd or boiW, The
Cajimit that came aboard them had hi» Skin ftrraked, ami
paintcii full of very Ifrangc l>vices all over his Botly 1
they kept luin witli tht-m, and defired him to femi fomc
of hi« hdian .'»ervanr, that managrtl his Canoe, to go amf
fetch his othi-r Six Brother Cafiquts to thr Ship too. The
Qtfiques vcr)' quickly came according to fhcr Rcqutft, and
with them a large Train of the Pc»)«)le ot the lOand, who
hmughtvaft Numbers of Hogs and Hens, and a whole
Market of Coroas and Pnt.iti^-.-s -, nnd now the F.nj;l:Jh hat!
nothing dff to do for all that Day but to deal with thrtt*
People, who fold to them jull as thi-y iIkI to the Spaniards,
VIZ. Fjglit Rials of Plate Jtir ^ Hiig, and One tor a Men.
I Cere a mil Fxi-cution was pc.-turmcil upon a Stanifi) Pilot
taken in tne great St. /lnn.% who had plotted to betray
tliem into rhf Hamis ui t!ic S/imanij, for wliich he was
hangeil. They lay aUiiit this hland of Capkl for r^hout
Nine Days, being all thf whih- wrll fumilh'ai with fredi
Viflials, '^ooil Watfr, and Word. The People ot the
Illand are all Pagans, and arr (aitl both to worfht}i and
converfc with the Dcvi! -, chcy go almoll nakrd, and are
of 1 tawny Complexion. The Men wear a fquaic Piet^
of Linen, woven uut of I'lantane- leave*, alx)ut their
Wiifts, aivl another roming d.own tirir Back*, and fo
tlndtr the I'wilf, wliich is hrtcnrt! to their Girdks. 'Ihe
Rite of Circumcifion is in Practi(e hert,- anionglt them-,
btfides which, the Males und-. ri;o another Oivration, wlijch
is far from Uin:^ (.unimon, ami hardly pnuJiifal any-whrre
clfe, cxcqit in Ffgii. Thty make a Perforation quite
through tiiefilans of tiir Wr.is with 3 Nail if I'm fjlit in
t!,c lower Fnd, and nvctrtl, whicli they or<ler fo «s to
take out, and put in again, o-s they have Orcifion. They
invented this for a Pivvrmion ot a certain unnatural Crime,
whu.h the Men of the Iflantl were it teems horrihiv a.kW^ed
to ; and it was done at the huin!)ie Petition ot the Women,
who laid the Call biforc the Magftratcs, ami (braintt! this
Remedy. C>n tiie i^tl, the Atlmiral fummonai .;!; the
Ci/irnifs of this Hand, a:.d 01 One humlrrti more, which
had paid iiim Tributf to appear before hini -, and hire
lie difcovtred hinifrlt and his Company to them, telling
them, th.it diry were Engli/h, and the grratert Inrmirs
tljc Spaniards lud in the VVorkl. At tli tame time he
gcneroufty gjvc them ba.k in Monty the Value of all thr
1 ributc he hatl rc.rivcd, a-,.! i^hiih was paid by them m
1 logs Cocoa>, PocMoes, and thr like, i his unexpecf fd
Favour ot the Admiral furpril-i thr whole A trembly <rf
O/tques \ they :-'miretl his Bounty and (icneroiity, and
engaged to atfift him with all the Fortes of rh«-ir rcfjitftivc
Dominions, whenever he v,<;ukl begin a War with the
Spaniard. i;i thofe Parts ; and fo, no k-t' pkatal with find-
ing them to be En^lijh, than wiili the Kindnds they h.td
received from them, having rowc l about rtic Ship awhilr
With their Canoes u, give them for r Divertion, th^ y t(.M)k
Ix-avt, die .-^dniiral giving thtni a (>un ?' tlitir De-
parture.

2 r. Jam 24. they d^ .^ail, nnd ran atoBi; theCiafl of
Mamlla, ftixririg .\oith-weft bttwtrn rtm Uland and the
IHand Ma'.iat -, and, 1.-, the llTnni^ thrrcaboirts, tht7 txr
teivcd the "Spaniards to ket-p aihi« Watch, maki;ig ^rm
Fijtt, and drtclurging their IVcts ail Night kwg, l»vmg

taken the AlMfn of their comtna. The Idand Psmtma is
a plain level Country In many Places, affording very lair
and ftrait Trees (br the making Ship>maib, and, Ixfidet,
feveral Mines of very fine GoU, whicli aie in CuAody of
the /M*'a«x. To the Souihwaid of it tin the Illand of
Nerroti, a very large l(*and, almofl «i big as Englmid,
and in 9* North Latitude. It appeand to be the mod Fan
of it low Land, and very fruirtuh dK People are neither
Slaves to the SfMisrJt, nor any other Nation, bis their
own intire MaAers. Jmm 29. at Six in the Morning, they
fet Sail, palling through the Streight between Pammm and
Nexrt Ifland, when, having made about Sixteen Leagues,
thw flound a fiiir Opening in the Streight, tending South -
weil and by South \ alv.at this Time their Boat, which
thry had fent out betore them in the Morning, came up to
them again, in which the Admiral ii-nt a Spanijb Prifcmer
athore, with a Mtflkgc to his Captain, wl.o cummandeil a
Ship that lay at Panama the Ni|^tbc{ore. The Mrt&gtf
wasto this Fffrct : That he ihouki be fare to provide g<iotl
SttWL' ot (iok. gainft the Admiral came that Way again •,
lor he intended to make him i Vilit at hkniUu, which,
being a kmg Voyagr, wouKI deterve good F^nteitaiiimcnt j
and farther, that ht- had certainly coinc now and weisr),'J
ftinw of his golden Hags in an Eng'ijb Pair of Scakrs, bin
that lie w.wted a bigger Boat to land lus Men upon the
lll.md. Ffhu.iry S. they faw in the Morning the Ifland
Ratefbint, which lits near dloto, and is in i" Nonli
latitude. The mh, they fell in with Eleven or Twi-lve
tmall llTamls, Hat and low, ami atmod quite funk into the
Sea 1 ihry lie near tlic A* '-'c*/, and are in 3* 10 South
I .atitutlc.

It. hfarch J. having palled the Streights of "Java
Major and Miner, they anchored iinikr ;iic South-well
Psrts ot Jcta Mtijor, where they liiw ft. mc People tilhing
in a Bay under the IllaiKl •, the Admiral fcnrout the Boat to
them, in which was a Negro, that c(.iild Ijjcak the .\fo-
refi* Tongue, which is much irtid in Java \ but they,
being frighten *d at the coming of the Moat, got aihore,
ami run away in'-^ tiie W'urxls j yet one of them came to
flic S<3 Side, when the Negro calletl, ami dircehrd them to
find Irefh Water, and corned a Meflkgc from the Admiral
to the King, crrtitying .'•m, that tie was come thither to
trail ck tor Viduals, or any valuable Commodities that lus
inand alfonletl. Marth 12. there came Nine or 'I'cn ot
the King's Canoes, as full Lulen with all Sorts of Pro-
vilions, ;is ttiey could fwim. They brought them Oxen,
Hogs, lleis, (ieefe, Ivgps, Sugar, Cix;oas, Plantaiirt,
Oraiif^rs, l^nion*. Wine, and Aqua Vit.r. Two For-
ingutjf that tame to tir them, and to inquire alxjut their
King .\ntomti, then in t.Koland, gave them a large At-
count ot the Mannm and Culloms of thcic Pcopk:. Tlic
King of that Part t-t the Iflaml was a Man ot whom his
Subjetts <fu<vl in txteeding Awe, and who cxrrdl«Ml la
abtolute a Power over them, and all they hail, tJut no Man
d.irtd to much as make a B.irgaia without his Leave i ,iiul,
it any did prelumc to do it, he paid for it with his Blood.
1 lus Prime had One hundreil Wives, as his Son had
Fifty) who may polTibly be very luppy as long as he hves,
but rtnnot be to any longer -, tor, lu; being dead, the
Botty burnt, uul the Royal Alhts laid up in aiil'rn, within
Five Days alter tluf, the Tragedy ot his Wives begins
and enii.'i •, they 7JI of them go to an apjxjintal Place.
will re, wlwn tney are come, the tavourite Wile throws a
Ball out of her HamI, whicli, where it rcfts, marks out
ttie Place ot rtieir iVarh : Bring (ome thith.r, they turn
ihoir Faces to the halt, and, with diar Daggett, lUb
tiicmlcUes to the I learr, and, takm(^ out Han.Jtul> ot their
cwn Bluxl, Utmear tht ,r B<x1iis with it, and (hus they die.
I'his barbari-u- S:icri(Ke ot thtmiclvcs lo thct.M* ol thiir
demi Hu liands are theC^ieeni. ot /rti.i oblit^ed to nuke,
by t!ic CulUxn ol tiicir Lot.ntry. | he Men ot th;> hland
arc very g<>ki SoKii-r-, hardy, vali.ut, and etcfperatc. t>i
the fill Drgrre, tli'-, link at nothing that tlu-ir King
conim.-n U them to ilo, l>e a attendcJ with rvrr lo |rrf.«J
or leiiain Dan^^er : Should he Ud them plunge .1 Daiigcr
into thtir Btealf V, .r leap olf Iran, a PiccipKi-, or into a
Drn o( wild Htuils, they immc<liateiy do it; bctouic t/u
Ani>'i ol their Kmn u .u tctain Dcaih a.s the Poiiu o! ihi-
Swotd, w tht 1 ctftJi ol *i;d Bcuiii. 'ihcy arc ol i

tawny

Chap. I.

J/r T H o M A s Cavendish.

'^9

tawny Complexion, like tlic n-ft of the Indians, and go
naked V but their Women are ot Ibmtthing a better Hue,
and (hew more Modefty than the Men in the Ufc of Ap-
parel. After this Relation nf the Perluguefe, having con-
tented the Javans for the Vidtuals they hail brought thtm,
and received a Promife from them of good Kntenainmci.t
whenever they came again, they took their Leaves i>t'
them, the Admiral making them a Piefcnt of Three great
Meces of Ordnance at parting. The next Day, viz March
lO. they failed away for the Cape of Good liopt, and fpent
ill the reft of March, and the whole Month ot .^ril, in

and a Beard that reaches down to the very Ground : They
go fometimes together in a Herd, that reaches a full
Mile in Length. Here are alfo vaft Herds of wild Swine,
that keep chiefly upon the Mountains, as theCabritos do i
they are fat, and fo very wild, that a Man can never come
at them, except they be afleep, or rolling thcmfelves upon
their miry Beds.

25. June 20. having taken in all NeceflTaries here, they
fet .Sail for England, and hawled away North-weft and by
Weft. 'Tis to be obfcrved, that the Wind is commonly
off the Shore at Si, Helena. On Frid^ ^«guft 23. thev

traverfmg the vaft Ocean between Java and the Main of failed Eaft and Eaft by South, for th': Northermoft of the

Africa, making many Obfervations as to the Appearance
of the Stars, the Weather, the Winds and Tides, the
Bearing and Fofition of I^inds.

2 {. May 1 1, one di the Company fpied Land, bearing
North and North by Wtft, and atx)ut Noon they law fome
that bore Weft of ihim, -wliith they believetl to be the
C.i|m; of Good Hope, tluy being then about Forty or Fifty
lx;agues troin it : But, liy rcalbn they had a fcanty Wind,
they ftooil oiT to the Soiith-cali till Mi.inight, and then
the Wind coming fair, they hawl'd along Weftward. The
litli and i^tli Days they were becalmed, and the Sky was
tliick and h.izy •, but the 14th it cleared up, and they faw
I ind again, which proved to be Cape falfo, which is
Ihort of the Cape ot Good Hope forty or Fitty Leagues.
This Cape ial/o is very ealy to b..- known ; tor there lie
nght over it I'hree very high I Jills, but a little Diftame
frum each other, the highell ot which b the middkinoil,
and the Ground is much lower by the Sea Side ; bcfulcs,
the CajK' ot Good Htpc bears Well and by South from this
Cape balfo. May 1 0. they dilcuvtred tiie Cape ot Good
IJopf, obferving the Head-land to be confiderably high,
and, at the Wefttrly Point, a httle olf the Main, 'iwo
Hammocks apfieanng, and Three others lying turther off
into the Sea, yet Lxjw-land between them towards the Sea.
This Cape ot Good Hope is made in the Portuguefe Sea
Charts 2000 Leagues trom 'Ja'va, but, by their Reckon-
ing, they tmind it to bf 1850 Leagues, which took them
up jiill Nine Weeks in their Run.

24. June 8. by Break of Day they came within Seven
or Eight Leagues of the llland ot St. Helena, which tiny
had jurt a (»li'v.^)'e of; but, having little or no Wind,
they couM not reach it that Day, but Hood oft' and .>i\
all Night •, the next Day having .1 pretty gocnl Wind,
they Itixxl 111 with the Shore, ^thc Boat being lent before to
the Hariiourj and came to an Anchor in Twelve laihoiii
Water, in a gooil Bay, under the Nonh-wcft Side ot the
Ifland, TwL or Three C. bles Length from tlie Shore.
'Ttus llland her \<\ the nvin Sea, as it were in the Midit
iKtween the tilm\ Land of Africa, and that of Bra/tl and
the Coatl oiGuiney. Ithes in i ; ' aH South Latitui.!e, and
iK-twiT.i 5 and 600 Leagues t oiu the Cape of Good Hope.
Mere they went alhore, and entered the Church, which
hael a fair Cauley leading to n •, a Frame with Two Bowls,
and a Crofs ot Free-ftone avl|oiniiig to it-, within, it was
hung with painted Cloths, having ad Altar, with the blclled
Virgin, and the Story ot the '. rueirtxion, pictured 'ii a Ta-
ble . I'he V;illcy where th Chureh Hands is extremely
picafant, li> lull of tine Fruit-trees, and excellent PLnts,
that it app< ars like lome very tair and we'' cultivated Gar-
den -, there are long Rows ot Lemon, Oiange, Citron,
and Ponigranate, l)ate and Fig-trees, that prelcnt the
F.ye with Bl<j(li)iii<,, gteen Fruit aiul riiH- ill at once. I'iic
Tiees ,ue very nicely tninmcd, and di|tjngui(licd by llve-
ral tiiiious Walks, whiih have the Protection of their
Boughs, and l)y them .ire made cool and ftu ',/ There
isal'wtrt eryllal Spiing riling at a Dillance, ihic difi'utes
iilcll intoi'uny prettv Rivulets, all ttiro' the '.'alley, water-
ing the levrraJ Parts ot it, ami rcfrefhing v v. ry Plant and
'Tree : There is hardly Anf empty Space m this great Gar-
den , lor what Pl.ucs Nature has Ktt unoccupieit. Art has
taken lare to till up to Ibm..- Advant.igc. The Ill.ind
ittcli' alfords great Store ot T'artudgts and Phe.ifunts,
wliifli are mmh larijer ajid t.iurr than ouis ; thi:rc are
Turkeys too bot!i blaik and wli:t», widi red TIeaiS al^ut
r, big as ours, and thiir 1' g^^j iiiUch the Ijinc, only quite
white : Th-te is alto great i'lenty ot Cabritos, or wild
Goats i they in." as big as an Afs, liavc a Horie's Mane,
Numb. j.

Azores. The 29th, at Four after Midnight, they fell in Sight
of the IHand Flores and Corio, lying in 39° 30' North La-
titude, and to failed away North-eaft. .September 3. they
met with a Flemijh Vcifel, that came from Usion, and told
them the joyful News of the total Defeat of the Spanijh Ar-
mada. September 9. havinghad the Winds Farewel in a moft
violent Storm, that carried away moft Part of their Sails,
they arrived at the long defired Haven of Plymouth. A»
there never had been any Voyage of this Confcqucnce at-
tended with fuch an uninterrupted Series of Succeis, as
appeared plainly from the Ditierence of Time in which it
was performed, Alagellnn's Voyage having taken up Three
Years and a Month, Sir Francis Drake upwards of Two
Years and 'Ten Months, and this kfs than Two Years and
Two Months, wc need not wonder, that a young Gen-
tleman like Mr. Candijh, whofe Soul was intircly pofTefted
with an Appetite for Glory, fliould adventure upon Ibme
extraordinaiy Methods ot difplaying his good Fonune.
Some Accounts, indeed, tell us, th.it he went fo far, as to
bring his Ship into the Harbour of Plymouth under a Suit
ot Silken Sails, which, if true, I conceive may be thus ac-
counted tor. We are told by Mr. Candijh, in his own
Relation, that, juft before his Arrival, he met .th a vio-
lent Storm, which tore all his Sails to Pieces j in which
Diftrefs, he might very probably make ufe of fome of
thofe he h.id taken in the South Seas, or in the Eajl Indies,
but moft probably of the former, which being made of
what IS called Hillc Grafs, h.-iving a very ftrong Glofs, and
a moft be.iutitul Colour, might eafily deceive the Eyes of
the Vii![^.ir, and pal's ujxjn them for Sails of Silk. This,
howevir, IS certain, that though he might be vain ar.fi
exi^nfive in fuch Matters, yet all came fairly out of his
own Pocket •, arid thole who went abroad with him, from a
Prol'ptft of railing their Fortunes, had not the leaft Reu-
lon to complain, lince he came to a fair and full Diftribu-
tion ot the \'alue of the I'rizes, which p;iiiied him univerfal
Credit and TJleem -, of which we ft.all quickly afford the
Reader a remarkable and very convincing Inllance,

20. 'To Hicw, however, his Duty and Diligence, as
well as to diicharge refpedtluUy the Obligations he was un-
der to his Patron, he wrote, the very lame Day that he
arrived at PlymuUih, to the Lord Hunfdon, then Lord
ChambeiUiii, Qiieen tliziilietb\ near Relation, and great
Favourite -, which Letter, etjually remarkable both for Style
and Matter, the Reader will probably be weil pleafcd to
fee, efpecially as it is very concife, and ;, "t contains lome
Particulars not to tx; tound eh'e where.

To tie Rii'fjt Uono!u\'l'lt' the Lord Hunfdon, Sff.

Rivhi Honourable,

" A ^ V"'' '''*vo^"' heretofore hath been moft greatly
" ,/\ extended towa d me, fo I humbly dcfu\. a Con-
" tinuance thereof ; and though there Ix- no means in me
" to dcicrve the fame, yet the uttermoft of my Services ihiUl
" not be wanting, wlienlbever it Ihall pleale your Flonour
" to dilpolc theieof I am humbly to dctire your Ho-
" nour to make known unto Iv r Majefty the Defire I
" have had to do her Majefty Service in the Perfoir.iancc
" of this Voyage ; ane, as it hath ple.iled God to give her
" the Vidoiy over P-trt <it her Fjiemies, lb 1 truft, ere
" lotig,tolec heroveithrow themall : Fur the Places of their
" Wealth, whereby they h.ivc nuinuincd and made their
" Wars, are now pertcc''t!y difcoveied ; and if it pleafe
" her Ma;(tty, v,ith a '.try firiall Pow.r, flic may take
" the S^■<J;1 ot tliein all. It hath ple.Ucd the Almighty to
! " fuii'cr

7k V O Y A C] r. S of

£cok I.

-: k

" fiiffrr me to cirnimpafs all ilu- whole O'Ate ol the
" World, entering ia at t!>f Stniphi of Ma'tlkn, ami
" returning tiy the Cajv de l^iir>\i FjjxrMifH. In which
" Voyage, 1 have otinr itikovt-reil, «>r bioupht cirr.un
" Intelligenc • ot, all the rich I'laas oJ the Worl.l, that
" ever wt-re known or ihlcovi-rfil by mw Chnllian. I
" naviijatcxl along the Coaft ot" Cbti'i, rein, aiui ,Vtf«>/i
•• Efpannf, where 1 made great Sjioil* ; I buiPt anJ limk
" Nineteen Sail of Ships, fmali ani! f,rr« : All the \il-
♦» lag's and Towns that ever 1 liimU li at I Inirnt and lp..ileJ ;
" anr,, had I not Ken dilcovxr'?*! upon the t'oati, I had
" taken groat Quantity of 'rrcallire. Fhe Matt^ r of mA\
♦« Profit I'^c rn', was a grcut Ship of the King's, which
•' I took ai Liilifaritui, which Shi|) came from the PbtLp-
" pmrs, being o'u ot the richcil for Mcrchamtizo that t vir
" r^i^' i i'' ife Sris, as the King's Rcgitler, Accounts, and
•♦ Mrrclianis did Ihew ; tor it did amiMinr in \'alue to • * •
" in Mexico to hi iM ; which Goods [Wr tfiat my Ship
" were not al-lr to contiin the le.ift I'art of tht-m; I was
" enforced to lev on I'lre. From tlie CajH. cf Cthfortutt
*• being the upjx-rmol^ I'art of ;ill Ntir.'a F/p.ittita, I na-
" vigated to the IHands ot Pbili^pitu:, \\.,x, ip.^a rhc Coail
*♦ o( China, of wlikh Country I have brought lluh li tcl-
" ligencc, ns hath not hcen heard of ii thtf. I'aits : Ilie
" St:it.li!-.cfs aid Kiiii.s ot which C'ourtiy I tear to make
" Rejiort oi, le'* I fVould lot be ere '.itetl ; for, if 1 ha.1
" not known fiflkienw tl.i- in- omparable Wealth ot that
" Country, I !>!'.. ;W ;.,.•-• Iseen as incrnlisKnis t'lenot, as
" others wi:i Kr, ti;»t hare not had the like Ixi cricwt.
" I lai'' '1 alrin; \.\- Ifiaivi' >'t' A/<j/Wfj/, v^luIe, among
0' f ■ HvSihvn r.oplc, I was well inncatid, where
oun'rvint n r ./ have Trade iis frctly u* tlic Prrtu-
•*" tijrv will •!«*m;'rlve5. Krom theiur I pailed by
ij. .. ol tin- . • r'lptrdK(::, and found tmt, by the Way
lii'^, '4ic ; '>n.' /t ■/. I If Una, where the Pormgnii
" ufrd , re); vr fS,-., i^; \;, , ani from that Ifland IkkI
" hath fuftercti me ro r nirn into En^LmJ: All w.'ach S-r-
'♦ vices, with iT'if If, I humMy j'rortrare at her Ma'cfty's
" Fc?r, defmr.ti, the Almigtity li;ng to continue her Ktipn
•• amr/ng us ; l"w, at this Day, ilie is the moft tamoiis
** and vic'i iPfAJs ,"nnce that livcth in th'- World, '("hii.s,
" humbly dcimn^ i'ardon to.' my rdiouhcfs, I leave
*' your Lordlhip to tin? Tuition ot the Almighty.

To:ir l/tncur's mcjf llumi/it to ammand.

" for-,
" our

" the
" horr

Plymouth, ikii t^i »/

TllOM .\ 5 C A N t) 1 S H.

27 There were many Cimimffjnces in this Voy«f»p,
befid.s tf:c wonderf'u' lei. ■ it) o' .t, t'lat drfervc in ' e coiifi-
dercil ; As, for Inftancc, t.'ic pafling a fecond time uuo the
South Seas, not only after it was '.no -n, that the i>piimtfds
were cxcefTivcly alarmeil by the lo'mtr i^afCige ol ^wlvmij
Drake, but alfo that tiv y havl neived Succours tiom
Spain, and hai! actually toi ti'irc tlvmfelvis Itrongiy in the
Soutii Seas. Th" nice Starch Ik made into, and th. vKl
Delirnption he has giv. n u^ i.f the Strrigliti ot Mag, Unn,
are very noble I'riKUs ( f his Skill and lm;uKry, anu o: his
Defire, that I'ollrrity might reap the Benctit of his LjircKii ^.
The Attack of ihe .kttpuUo >\\\\\ conlidtrmg the lu.all
Forrc that Captaui CanJIh !)*', wuii him, was a ivibic In
ftance of true knghfli liraeiy, which w.is lul^ly n . ...ii >i
by the (.^uecn with tli; Hoikxh of Knighihotxl. His At
count ol the Phihpptnis^ and his Delitrptions ot fcvual
iHands in the F^ft Mies, are very c Itar and curiou*, and
at that time mulf have lieen very ufttuU fiut partnuUrJy
his Map and iX'fcription ot (ihina, whit '» gave great Lights
at that time of Day We may add to all this, the Can- lie
took in th'- In(lni(^tion of his Seamen, nuny ot whom art.r
wardj r'itVmgtiifliid thcmrelvc«, I'y navigating other Ve(V< Is
in the fame (hifndous t nurd , and thireby l;llipg j!i th
known World viih the hame and Kcputati</n ot t* yujh
^t . -n. It is nor, thtTelV>r<-, at ail lur^jfiling, that we
fin.l t ;■ fxlf Jiidges, Ix.rh in our own antt other N'atioi s
belt'. Mig very high I'raifr* ujx)n this worthy (.entlenian,
who ."fwed, in the whof- Conduct ot h.s \ oyagc, the
Courage and Dilcretion of a great Comnunder, with all
the Skill and Diligence of an able Sc»man, of both which
5

he !us h ft us tlie tlrong II TelliirKinies in lib actiiiate Ac-
counts (it his I'xpeiiitionv

iS. Ihe VScaith he brought fioni fo fuccel.ful a
\'oya.;\ mult have been viry cunfiderabW. One ot «iur
iUiCKtit Wntcrs lays, it was lutticirnt to have purtluUd
it fair tarld.^f:, wimh is a genera! I.xprcdion, the Mean-
ing of \vhii.h cannot be ditcrmnud with :my Ccititiiity :
But whatever the Sum was, wliicii lie aiquircd wuJi l^,
much 1 lazard, ^'d with lo great I lonour, it i» ccrtajn,
that he liul not make 'o piudtnt a IJlr ot his good Fortune
.IS micht luv- Ixcn expi-tttii i tor tii tiic Spate of Three
Yeais time the Ixll i'ait of it wa.s t"|>cnt, and the reft of u
he dctermin id to lay out in a Secoiul Mxpeiiitioii. Wc need
the Ids woiulct at this, it we ciinliilcr wimt the Writer* ot
thofe linus till u; with rcfiK-^l to Im great Cirneruliry,
and tilt pnxiigiHB Kxj^ntc he wai at ui jirocuring and
mainti'ning likh People at he thought might be uleKjl to
iiim m his luval I-.x(>t'.iii;uns, u(>on which his Mind was
continiul'y bent. Suth Things require the Revenues of a
I'riiuc , and, m he looked upon tins XDyage round the
World .IS -n Intrtxkicti-jii oniy to h;s tutuu Lndertakingi,
we m.iv caiily conceive, that what the \N oild took for
I'.xtr.ivagance, might apjiear to him in the Liyht only of
nettllary Di.sbinlrn.erts, winch, inllead til lelVenuig or run-
ning out, lu: iJMp.nui fhoiild have laid the toundatiunsof
a m.^n extenlu c I- ortune. Neither was this, when all C ir-
cumlhmt < arc conliderul, a ralhoi impnjbablc Ljtpcttation ;
fince there wee many I Jtainplcs in tlut Reign of very
great Wcaltn obtaintvl by tins vtry .MetluKl by whah he
hoped to in«.reale hr, I'ltate ; Befuies, it very clearly ap-
])ears by Ins Will, that lie did not ilic in IXbt, but leti
iKhiiid him very conlWierabL- KH'ccts, notwiti.ltanding a.l
'Jit- Llxpences to wluch he was put, and the many Milr
lortun' s he cncountirni in ius .Seto;Hl Expedition to the
South .Seai A till to Jl thii, that, from the hajijiy Sue-
ccfs of hn lormtr \ i.yage, and the lupcriur Sutngtli wiiii
wliK h he uiidcrt<K}k tlu rrxt, he had very goixl Rcalon to
liclicv;, that the Fnjtits ol thii F.ntt rjirize wuiiid have fully
compcntjitd the Charges Ut wlsnh it put him, and have
cnablt\i hull to have tjK-nt tlic KemauHitr of his l>ays in
Cjuiet, in cale he hati returmil to his native Country a;
happily xs he diil Ixtorc. But witlitiut fjwnding mote
Time m fuch kind ol RcfliiUions, which, however, arc
not unnecdiary, tonfultrnig the C tw rafter .iml Reputation
of tile I'erton ilrry coiuern, let us nt)W pr')cctd to an Ac-
count ot that unlortunatc Vojige, whidi fliall be the mon-
concile, becauf. wc iViall have an Op|x<rtimiiy ot cntriing
into niai>y Particulars ot it in aiiutiitr Place, where we
Ihall give (he Readier a Urge Account ot tlu tuiu us Ir.i-
V.I', .imi lurpriling .'\d\ c ntures, ol Mr. Ant.uy Kiuvt:,
who was tile CompuiKiii ot Sir 'Tboimti (jwdtjb m moil ot
hi' Mistortunts, :uaI who k-fi the World a very copioui
and diltinit Accoui.t nl that .i'lTiorablc \'oy.igc.

2<>. The Miijis which he fictetl on .it !us o«n Fjl}x;nc?
tor this V'.»y.ti^<, were -Jic daltrun Ltuefitr, which wa.
A.'anirai, the tKo^hutk, Vice a^JiiiTf.l, I'l?; Df/irr, the
liamty, and he H/^uk I'.nmiUi witii which St)uai.!ron h<;
lailii'i tri>m P ^minik, .iuga/t '. 1 ,tji. ()n Stvemitr 2<).
they tell m »i«h tiK Coait ol Bnsfii, wIktc tiny took the
1 own ot Santos, «ikI burin that ol St. kin.tii: \ uv\ then
continued thtit \'oy*ge t<K the Streighti ol MmgiUati,
incrtuif; tiientctbrwjril with nothing but Storms, (M*j>-
poii.tments, aiKl Mislnrtuius, \arious Accounts of vt.i h
Mv Itill [ifflerved ; but tat nVill lopioiu is that of Mr. Can-
difh hi Icit, ad .redid to Sir Trijjram (Jargrs, whom !io
made lole txciutur of l.is lall Will , wherein he atfirim,
the Miuarnagr happtmd thus: " 'The ruining away ot
" the \ iliain /)«-»> (lays liei was the Death ot me, .ind
" Ueiay «t thi whole .Action, tikI his only Treachery in
" mnniiig trom im, tlur utrer Ruin ot ali." He com-
plains aJlo ol Mutinies i and that, by South-wtll and
Wert South-well Wiiuls, he w.i- driven from Shore FtMir
hundred I .t ague*, and trom 50' to 40': 'That he w«^
taken with Winter and .Stoit!>' in the Strcights, and Inch
Knjfts :md Snows in ,V/< as he never law the like \ to
that, 'n-Stvcii or tight l-..f , I'orty diixi, and .Seventy lit I
encd. Davu m the Df/iff, and his Pinnai-e, left him in
the laitttudeol 47'' ■, the Rcd'ud kept with him to Tlur

ty-lix,

-v^f

Cliap. r.

Sir Thomas C a v e n d i s f[.

ty-Hx t Ca(tf«ii B*rk4t, tranfgrcning hit Dirc^kms, was
(lain with l'ivc-«nii-twcnty Men nn Lanil, and the Bout
lofl \ and, ition at'lcri 'i'wmty-Hvr othcii followitl the like
Fortune* \ Ten othcn by ihir Cuwurilicc uf the Mafter of
the Rotkufi, foiialuin M Hfiril* Stmte, which itolc away
with Six Months Vif ttmU ttir an hunilrcil ami Twenty
Pcrfons, (hry htin^ but l-orty-fix. At Stia/liaHj hap-

Knot another Mutiny by 'Ireaclury of an Irifbmgn (where
r. Kuhut, and other flrk l'i'rl*)ni, wrrc fet on Sliore) :
Intending again for the Ktrc ightfi, he waa beaten up and
down thole tcmprftuoui Srax, and came withia Two
(.(■agues ol Si, HtUna, but rotild nut iittjin it \ and, in
his lad EpiIlK, rrofrfTed he had rather have put himicif
on an llland, il lie could have lownd one, which the Charts
place in H", than return i ami was Irarie able to hold a IVn
when he wrote tliii, Sm>ii after the writiiip, of this Let-
ter, he died of mere (iiicl, i'hc kkik I'lmiace was loH,
htit the Df/lre arrived jftily 1 1. M(j^. at Bftrhivrn in Ire-
lami, after having iullrrrd iniirdibly, 1 he Admiral's
own Ship alii) rcturiietl, but what became ol the Rctbutk
\ cannot find It is vrry I'l rtaiii, that the Milcarria(;;>' of
this Voyiige was, in fomc inealiire, prejudicial to tlir knglijb
Traile \ tor, upon ilir Return oJ Mr. Qtiidi/h'H Ships,
abun;lnnreot able Se.mirn win tiiriird abroad intlir World
^) CT their I.ivuiga u* fliey lould i and the Kuin of Mr.
d»<^»//j having thrown a I >iini(> on thele (ijit ot Under-
takings lure, thole Se.inui\ went into other Lountrits i
.ind, as Knowledge ii a p<>it.ible ContmoJity, maile the
belt Maikct of it tliey itjuld in Ihlliwd and elfcwhcre.
Ann-ogd the reft, him' Mi , MtUtjh^ who had been a la-
vounte with Mr. (..tihiijh, ami hail l«eii his Companion in
.lil hii Voy.'grs, (illi I i Ins Serviee to the Pultb E(\}i liulia
Comp.iny, wiiiLh wak thru in its hitaiKy \ and his Fruix)
lals l)i.'in[^ ycie\i«cd, he was < mployid ju I'llot in the Ex['e

ditk)n, of which 1 am next to fpcak. I have dwelt the
longer upon theic Points, Irom a Principle which, 1 hope,
will not cxpole me to C'cnfure, I ircan a Jcaloufy twr the
Honour of the lirilijh Nation. I would nor, liov/cvcr,
have any of my R< aders fulpcft, that tliis Principle will
ever carry me too fur, or betray me into Prejudices againll
Foreigners : I Ihall always endeavour to do them Julliec,
without doing Injufticc to ourfclves •, for in this I am clear,
that, with refpedt to the Undertakings ot fingle Pcrlbns,
we have excelled all Nation-.. Columhus had tiie Support
of their Catholic Majefties ; Magellan was fitted out by
the Emperor Charles V. and botli were encouraged with a
Profpedt of great Rewards ; whereas Sir Iramii Drake, and
Sir Thomas Candijh, undertook their l.'.xpeditiop.s at tli.ir
own Lxpence, and on their own Rifiju-rs. W hat they per-
formed, the Reader has li^n. With regard to colltttive
Bodies, or trading Companies, 1 mull as freely acknow-
ledge, that the Dutch fccm to me to have had the Advan-
tage of all Nations, not only in rdptit to the Wifdoin
flicwn in their Undertakings, but alio in thiir Steadintfs
and liiudable Concein lor the public Intercrt in the Puifuit
of tlicm i but that they were more early, or more fortur,atc,
than we, in tluir Dilcovcries, I abfolutely deny ; they were
fo far from btii'g our Mailers in that Point, that in reality
we were dieirs ; and this, I think, is a Matter of too great
Conlequcnce not to be fully inlifted on. I will, tliercfore,
freely own, that the bare Amufcment, or even the Inllruc-
tion, of my Rcuiers, is not all I aim at : \Vh.it I farther
propofe, is attempting to reftore that gloriuun .Spirit, which
lormerly dillinguiflied our Nation, and which 1 am firmly
j)crfi:uual, it lit in its proper L.ight, may be Ionic time or
otlK'r revived \ aiu! Uien I do not doubt, but loine tuturc
W riter may record the Actions oi as great Heroes as Drake
and Cauiiiflj.

bJUx-nec-

wliicii wai

•M»r, the

uat'.mn h<;

nnbrr 2').

t(«jk the

»n<l then

s, \y.\x\>-

ot uiii h

.VI r. Can-

\«.h.im !io

1' atKrink,

.'. .iway ot

iiv', .ind

cackry in

\ !c com-

-wdl aiKi

re Four

Mt he was

and hicli

ic like » In

venty lu I.

ic ft him in

n to riiir

ty-lix ,

8 K C T I O N VI.

Tfx Foyn^i: of O \ \ \ v. % van N o o h i- (the jirfl attempted hy the Dutch) round

the IVijrid.

r. Tl'r Rife of tf.ir Dutch C-^mpt^nv ivht.h formed the De/ign Oliver van Noort ivas fent to execute. 2. The
Niiturr of thi\ Pi'oieil, iinil the l*>,f-firatio»s Jor it. 3. Tbeir Departure from Holland for tie South
Si.is, SepicinlxT IJ, 1 ^98. 4. Arrive on the Coafl of Bralil, after meeting li'ith many Misfortunes.
f . Enter fir Strrigftt nf MugcllBii /;; ti ftckly ConJition. 6. Accm.nt of t/jc Savages inhcHttng thofe
Strei^its. 7. Mt^f ii.'if/.> Ciiftain k\'.- Vi'ccrt, iJio failed in the Fh\-t fitted out hy Vitd\z<^^n. 8. Incle-
mency of tint Wtatler in tl»fle Parts, g. Entn- into the South Seas, and cruife on the Coajls of
t'liili. 10. /iiiQUHt of the h\\.\\.\\\^ on this Coa/l, and their Rehellion againjl //v SpuiiiaiJs. 11. Con-
tin.ie Lrut/ing on f/x L'mfh cf Cliili and iVru, 'u/'jere they niif's a v,}J} Hoiity tii Gold. xz. 'Their Cotirfe
/br ;/■(/• F/,i(t trulies and ..h rival at the LadioiMii. \^, 'Their Arrival at //.*{• Pliilippines. 14. Engage
//r SpaiiianU 0^ Manila I and, after an obllinate Dilpiite, Jink their Admiral. 15. Arriv: in the 'i'ort
of Boinoo, and trade li'ith the Infahitants. 16. The Danger of failing in tho/e Seas v-utbout having an

• experienced i' Hot. 17. 7/v/'7i^;/c ///r/rrf/ .■>/ Holland, AiiiUifl 26. 160 1. iS. Remarks on this f'oyage,
a'ui tf: Account i we iavi' .■>/ it. 19. 'The Rcafon of adding the Voyage oj Captain dc Went.

1 1 1 1' Inlwbituiiis (,r fhofe Ciiunfrici, whlrh .ire
now iliird till UifilfJ Pr«viiif\, loimd theni-
lelvc^, after their .Si [i.iialion trom the Spanilb
Monaichy, cxtrcntely a( i 1 ,oli liow to liipply the necef-
Ury Ii»j,< nad, which fo l«ing ,ii<d vigorous a Wir, as the
.*^miggK tur their J^il>crtif.»Hi il'ione*!, (oiiftantly rc<|uired.
Thiiijjave ilicm thi- niore I'nealnii'ft, Ivtaufe their Kncmy
I'bilip II. canird on ihe War att,iiiifl thrm, rather by the
l.enfeih ofhis Puilr, than by tli< I . uv < 1 his Arms ; and yet
tiieli RhIk.!! were derived liom a tninaierce prohibited to
the People of this Country, rvm it fluy had fubmitrrd
I'lenifelves a^toiii f) the Yoke of Spii'.n, The .Srnfe rhrrc-
ioh ol ditic l>ill'*er!tir«, joiiud f" flie niiphty Advantages
lii ■ might Ik: urt.iinly rtaiied by ovittominp tlietn, in-
i m at the (iovernnii 111 . nd lV'<iplr nf Uoiland to prolrrute
Traiie in geiuriil, ami nil A'^rll^pt•l to ettablilh a Cotn-
rntKc v.'ith eith«i the fee// or ^f^eft hiJia in partirular, with
the I'.nattlV Vig(»ii;. An; "1/. other fnduicments to this
Coiifr, d, I'rogreti madf. by lilwir Nriglib</urs the Engtijh^
did ni't a htiic ciKourage them, tor tiny liiw, that even
psivaiL IVifyin, -jid v.iih A iiiml! Forte, weic able to

difquiet the Spaniards exceedingly, at the fame time that
they acquired gre.it Riches to themfelves. Another Caufc
of their artcmpting tiich Expeditions, I mean of intertere-
ing with the Spaniards and Pcrtuguefe, w;is th( ir failing in
their Hrlt Scheme of finding another PalTag;- to the Eajl
Indits than that with which thoie Nations were acquainted,
I mean by the North-eaft, which they often endeavoured
with great Hazard and b'.xpenct-, though witlioiit Succels.
ThciT tirft Voyages to the /'"«// Indies, prov:r.g more for-
tunate than even themlelves expected, teinpred thrni to
proceed ftill farther, and to ;rim at diilrcfling their b'ri'ir.ics
likcwife in the South .'^e;is, which hitherto none but the
Knglijb h.v.\ done. We are not to imagine, however,
from hence, that the dilhetUd States of Ilc:!,iml wire al-
ri'ady brcome fo jxiwertul at Sea, as to act Gfioiifively
ag.iinlt the Catholir King 1 lor that was not at .ill rhcCale :
But, what ti>-" had in View w.is, grantiiis; fuch I'mver :'.nd
Authority 'o ; ny of their SubjeiJls, wlso were inclined to
venture iipor. Fxpeditions of this Nature at their own
Rifqiie and I'.xpenee, as might enable them to cotieiliate
lluir private Advant.igc, and the public Good, by tilting

ouc

«£;■

' h ■':■

7k' V O Y A C; E S of

Book I.

.?■*'

out Sq»wilro(1& for tluff liifl.int ami Ii.i7.irili>\i5 Voy.i(',fV. A
I'olicy, which, liowivtr it might tprmn trom Niccllity,
thpy coniliirtfil with IikIi WiUlorn ami AiUIkIj, that the
King ot Spain (Ixm huiiHi himlHl more ililln flrii liy the
Ariiumcnts ot tho Dutfb Men hants, than by all tlu' Forcos
employed by the Statu ot Holland. A plain I'root, that
iho lliortert \N ay to icniUr .iny (iovrriimeiit [lowcrlul, i»
to interert the People in ginirai in its Siipjioi t ; tor tliis
iaili-< by litgrees luch a Spirit, anil that Spirir jtikUicis
Inch vinthoiigl«-ot Conlt'qtieiKrs ;w no Ait or I one arc
able to opj)olr. Alter this Intrixiiktion, wc come naturally
to Ij^eak ot that Comjany ot Men hants, at whole Kxp m e
the txj.x^!itioii was umleitaken, which is to U- thcSubjcdt
ot our prclent Dilcoiirfe.

2. Alx>ut the Jkginningof the Year 150S. fome vrry
eminent Merchants ot the Ijk{.< CenHina, among whom
the principal wire Paer vjh Br.cnn, Hugo derrilz, anil
JubH BeitiiKi, tormeil a Delign ot limiuig Ionic ftoiit Shipi
through the Strcights of Magellan to rruifc in the South
Seas u(H}n the Sf>aniarjj, to which tliey were chiefly in-
Ibgatal by the Rcpons of many Englilb Seami n, w ho hail
iVrvril uiidcr Drakt, Candijh, limftjns, and other rntcr-
prilir.g OfF,cer«, in thole I'arts. J he Knd of thi» Kx;k-
dition was the common one of cniiling on the Spanijb
Coiils, and obliging the Enemy ot IVace to bear tht l.x-
pencc of thole \Va;s in which he obliged other People to
engage agairlV their Wills ; as alio to gain l-jtpenencc ,
and. It It IliouKl be found prailicable, to cr.ntu.ue itieir
Voyage to the Philipfin/j, and fo by the Ca|X' ot Good
Hope, round the World. As the Succcfs ot this im[X)rtant
Project i.i:-ix;ndcd, in a great inraiur,', on theCapacity of the
(jeneral, tor lb i:i thoie Days tiic Dutib, and indeed moll
other Nations, railed the Conimandrr in chief, either by
laind or Sea, they took carc to provide thcinli-lves with a
Perlbii of tlUbiilheii Character, as well in point ot Con-
dud as Courage, whole Name w;is Oliver van Noort, a
Native of Vtrab!, in the Flower ot his Age, .md who haii
a ftrong PatTion for GloV)'. To this Man ihcy commu-
nicated ihiir Schune, whuh he readily embrace^] i and
their Terms bemg Ijxxdily fettled, they .proceeded to
equip Two ftout VclVils, the one called the Maurice, the
otlicr the Henry IreJeru, and IWo Yachts, c.illcti the
Concord, arid tht Hope, mnintd by 24S Perfoni. of all
kankN. Ot thii little Fleet Ohvir '.an Nart, in the
Maurice, was Adn.iral •, Jumes Ciaafz, of i'lptnJa,
WAS Captain ot the Henry trederu, and lutl tht Title of
Vice-;uimiral ; tajtaiii I'tter van Iml had the Command
of the Concord, .uiJ John Huide^.-pe, of the Hope, i h. fc
were all Men of FjqxriKnce, capaMc of nuinuining their
Autlutrity u|x)n all Occafions, -nd who were tlumfcives
intcrtrtcd in the Sucrcfs of the Voyage j a Pm ai.ncn then,
and ever fmce, taken by the Dut:b m lutli Cafes, to prevent
their Fx]>t.dit,ons fulfcring from the private Views, or want
ot Htartintt, m their Otficcrs ; which is off 11 tii- Cafe
among other Nations, and lor wiiica this Mellnjil ol theirs
jx-rliap. is the oiuy Lure,

3. When ail Things were in Riadip.d's, and the Crews
of I heir rcfpettivc \ ciVd, abloluttly complete, the Pro-
pnctois prtlentcd .i I'eiition 10 tiic Board of Admiralty at
Rciterd.m ; ujwn which, all Panics coi erned were tum-
moiieil thithtri and, on the 2-th of y*«.- J59S. tht Rules
and ReguUtsons for thei. (.ovcinmem in tins F.xpedition.
wmchhau Ixx-ii iira*n up for them by the Company, and then
rrvUcd and approved by the Sta;Jt!iolucr I'rincc Maunie,
and the Board, wire publicly reati to them, and every
Mun fwon: '.-.j their C)bi"crvante. Thcle kind <>( failing
Orders tiic Duuh call .'}rtyitli>nt/j, an J never lulfer them
to lake plate u.J Uicy liavc received tins kind ot Sanction
Iroin the i-tau- i and then they iKiome the l^ws oi ttic
V<)y,4jt, which whoever breaks mull kifi; r the Penalties
mtjuioncd 1:1 tjK-m. 1 iiis is anothei Circumflai.ee worthy
ot KtmarK, and a very great Proof ol the Attention paid
by that Rcpi.blit to the ComiiRrcr of their Subjects, a.«
well 41 a Check upin others, who iMght attempt lu alnilc
rheir Auihejiity. (;n the 13th iji Sepienbn , ,yS the
Maurue anel the Concord failed out of liie Port ^,' Uoote ;
and the //./in J-rcdenc, and the Hofe, having juined tlieni
irom .Jin/lerdim, they continued tfscir Voyage lo^cthci tor
Pfyineuib, where th.ir Kn^liji Pi ot Mr. Mi.'Ii/b, who had

been the C?ompnton of .Sir Themai QnJiJb't Fortunes, was
to take ui his Apparel, and other Neccflkriei. On the
iift, they tailed from t'tymntb, the Wind blowing a frelli
(tale at hitirth calf. The next Morning, when they were
out of the Chanel, ihey perceived that the Vice-idmirat's
.Shallop was miinng with Six Men, which gave them a
goext deal pf Concern, infomuch that they had feu
Thoughts of returning fo PlymeMlb\ but u\EngHJb Pri-
vateer, coming up with thcni, foon cured them of their
Pain, by alTunng them, that thefc Six Men were lewd,
goal- lor- nothing Fellows, who embarked for the Sake of
what they could get, and had taken thi: Opportunity to
run away with the Boat : Upon which it was rcfolvcd, not
to trouble thcmfelves any lurthcr about them. Some
Jealoufies, however, at that Time, fuming up, as to the
Capacity and Conduft of their Vice-admiral, which were
quickly incrcafed by his lofing his other Shalbp, which
he hail in Tow with a Man in her, and which, notwith-
ilandmg all the Care that they ctHild take, wasadually loft ;
which I'lece of Careleffriels uccailoned much Murmuring
and Dilcontent amongft the Seamen, which the Vice-
admiral elaily incrrafed hy his haughty Behaviour, and by
his Contempt tor Advice, which, however, no Man wanted
more th.in he.

4. On the 4th of Oiloktr they met a fmall Fleet of
Dutib, hngtt/b, and French, which were coming from
Barbary, and gave them an Account of the horribl- Pelii-
lence raging there, which had fwept away 2$o,ckx) Per-
loni in a very ftiort Sjmcc. On the 6ch, they came be
fwc«nTrwr;jf and liie great Canory. November ^. they
hael Sight tjf the Cuatls uf Cmney. Decemier 4. they
c.iniee)ft'Ca})c Palma, whidi lies in f' jo' North l^atitude.
1 lie loth, they had Sight of Prtnces Illand, which lies
!' of North latitude. Fhey lent their Boats bctore to
make Ibmc Difcewery of the Iflc, where, having entered
with a flag e)f Truce, they were met by a Negro, bearing
the lil:c Sign of Peace. Ihcy demanded only a Supply of
Provifnifls, which was granted in very tair and friendly
Terms •, bm. \v|-,;le tlu-y were fettling this Point, a Party
that lay in AniUiJ-ade lurpnle\l tliem in a Moniiin, and
cut off (evcial ot them, amongll which was the brave
Engl:/b Pilot t apMiri .Meiiijb. The Portnguefe purfued them
to thrir Boar , wliiih they very briskly attackeel, killiiu',
the .Admiral's Brother, aiid were very near taking all the-
reft I'nloncrs. In Revenge of this Outrage, it was con
cliideil in a Council of W sr, to attack the Calf Ic ; whuh
tjtpcriment being tricel, and tound too hazardous, tluv
took their Revenge in burning all their Sugar -hou lis. Aiul
fo, having provided thcmfelves with frcfh Water, they lei
Sail on the 17th. The a 5th they reached Cape Gonfako,
where the Wmei grnerally blows from the Land at Night,
and ln)m the Sea in the Day. Here they found Two
l^cb Ship, which informed them of the Misfortune ot
Captain Sle<rbaxen, who was lolf, with moft Part ot his
Company, uixjn Pnnee'i Ifland, as they had like to have
been ■, as alio ol the Voyage of Pe,er I'erhagen, who had
cnterc<l the River of (.^c, and, outting in at this Place,
hail h:re buneel 1 hirty-cight ot his Company, and was
gone tome time before for /*r»«^». January i. 1589.
they paflcd the Illand .Innohon, v/hich they found in 2*
.South lutiiutie, and flu- 28th of the fame Month the-y
had the .Sun in riieir Zenith. The 5th they reacheii Cape
St. Tbomai, i.jiun the Coafi of Brafil) which lies ii'
>outh Ljti'ULir The tth, they julTed the /-iwr Cape, and
in the F.vcnmg Cape h'rio. On the 9th, they came to
Riojantim. After fome Ixils of Time, and Company
too, by the Treacheries ot ttieir grand Knemy the Per-
lugUTj-, they yuan tu St. Setajiian, where the Comforts (jf
a good Flarlwur, frelTi Water, and plen:y o! Wood, at
tciklcd diem . Uit no Fruits were :o t)e had at that Scalbn.
5. Manh 14. a eircadlui Storm furprded them, the
Fury of which parted the Vicc-ailmiral. anel the Hope, (to.)
the nH ot the Fleet ; liut they hael the gotxlLuck to mn:;
them again on the 17th. .Anel now the .Scurvy incrcafed
aniongfl them, wliieh, together with the Approach ot
Winter, mailc them refolve to put in at St. Htltna ; t)Ut,
mifling that, thry comludcd upt.ii the .Ifrenfien, or fome
other inan.l, that was eapable of giving them a tolcrab!-
hntcrtainmcnt. Bat lurd Fortune brought them to a very

barr- .1

Cliap. t.

Oliver van Noort).

harrcii ami ilernUte Irtand in lo" 30' Soutli latituilf, where
tlit-y lial nothinn hit a dw Fowl, (called Malle Mewen)
wlui'i tli'7 knoclsd down witK rhcit Clubs. (laving
till rcton; quickly hul enough of this I'urren Place, they
pm oil to>Soa HRain ; and the Firft or7«'»'» thinking to
Lvc reached th : nfctM/toH, they found (hemiclvet on the
Con: incut ot Brifil \ but the Perit^utfi nor. ful'ering them
to land tlier-:, tlwy foiletl to the life of 5/. Qara^ which
lies in : 1" i-,' St)iith Latitude \ it is about a Mile in Com-
jjafs, and m much liiftant from the Continent. The Ifland
aftordrd thrni Utile cICc but Herbs. But wlut it denied
ihiin in lond, it paid in I'hyfic, yicKlinR a fort of four
I'luiiiM, wlut'i in Fifteen Days cured all their Sick. 'June
t\y: I ()tli, tilt y failed for Port Dtfiic, in 47' 40' South
I ..uitu.lc, which ufttr much bad Weather) they reached
Siptmbfr 20. They fiirniftied thrnifclves with Store of
I iljj and Penguins in .ui Ifland that lies Three Miles to the
South of thii Plai-e. Of thf litter fort of Creatures tliey took
fo.iHJo (which were as bijj as Geefe) with a vaft Quantity
i)f tlicii Iggs, that pr<jVLd RotHl and rcfreihing Meat to
their lick Company. Tiiey went up the Rivir Ottol/er
the ^tli, and, Koinj; on Sliore, found Bealts in the Country
like Stags and ButWocs, with a Multitude of Oftiichcs,
fome of whofe Ncfts they 'lighted on, in which were Nine-
teen J' KH"*. The 20th, the Admiral went alborc to ob-
fttvc ihf Country, leaving Orders with them that guarded
the Bo.»t5, not to llir a Foot from their Charge \ but they,
having a mind, it fetms, to fee the Country too, took a
Imall Ramble, and fell into an Ambufradc of Savages,
who killed Three of them, and wounded the Fourth.
Thcfc Savages were very tall portly Men, painted, and
armed with (hort BoWs and Arrows, which latter were
headed >vith Stone,

b. Th- 29th, they faileil from hence ; and, November
the 2 4ih, they made Cape yirginj, where tic 1-And i> low
and plain, and, by its Whitcncfs, yields a Profpcd like
hiiguiid. They mailc many Attempts to have entered the
Streights, and were as often frullratcd, being beaten back
by TemiTfts of Wind, Rain, Hail, and Snow. They
loft their Anchois, hrr-kc their Cables t Sicknel's and Con-
tention (worfe than any Diliafej were added to ;ill the red
of their Calamities \ and all thcfc retarded their Progrtls
fo far, that it was very near I'it'tccn Montiis (from the
Commencement ol thcNoyageybefore they could make their
Way into the Sticights. They oLfervcd tlic 1 jnd to lie
Soutli-well from the Cape Virg-.tis, and the Mouth of the
.Strtights ro W- .ilxiut F( urtecn Miles Diibnce from it, .md
halt a Mile in Breadth. November 25. tluy law fome
Men ujwn Two Illands that lay near tiic Cape Najjju,
who bid l)e!i.ince to tiie /kUnnders, and fliook their Wea-
pons at du m i but tluy landing, notwithltanding t\\W Dc-
(iante, pi'ifucd the Sav.i|};es to a Cave, which they ihib-
bornly ditcruiid to ihc iatl Man, dying every one of ilum
\:ix)n the SiK)t. The Du:cl\ being got In, found their
Wives and Children in that dark Receptacle i and the
Mothers, v/ho exfxcled nothing but prel<;nt Death to
t'itn.f"Ivcs and thiir Intants, covered the little ones with
tlirir own Bodies, refolving to receive the firft Stab tlu-m-
f Ives. But the Dutch did them no more Injury tlwn the
raking of Four Boys and Two Girls of their Number from
them, whith they brought on Ship-board. One of the
Boys, having learnt to Ipeak Dutch, gave them this Luel-
lij-'-iue 1 That the greater of thefc Two Iftands was called
Cijltmme, and tha Tribe that inhabited it Enoo ; that the
lift Ifland was called Talcki j and that both were well llor'd
with IVnguins, *rhofc Flcfh was their Food, and the Skins
their Clothing i and, as for Habitations, they had none
buc ihrf- Caves : That the adjoining Continent abounded
with Ollnthes, which alfo ferved for Food : That they
were uillinctiilhed into Tribes, which had their fcveral
diftint") Ileluiences 1 the Kementtes, that dwelt in Kaejay,
the KcnnekiH, m Karamay •, the Karaiks, in Marina ; all
which I'eoplc were of the common S'Zj, but broader
brcafted, and painted all over*, the Men tying the Pudenda
up with a String, and the Women covering thole Parts
Nvith a I'enguin's Skin ; the former wearing long Hair, and
the latt: r lliaven , but botli Sorts naked, except a Ckak
nt l'en^uin-skin!i, reaching to the W.iills : That there was
aifo a I'uurth 'Fribtfof tiieui, c;dlcd '/'/rmcffM, that dwelt
Numb. j.

in Ctik \ anil thcfe were of it Rignntic Statute* being Ten
or 'I'wtlve Feet hly^h, and continually at War with the
other rribei,

7. The jHth, ihry imtVeil over to the Continent, dnil
faw fonw Wlmlen at a Diftance, Iwving Sight too of a
very pleuCuit River, about which arc very delicate Trees,
and Store of Parrwli ; lI|H)n the fcore of this pleali^nt
Prolj^Kc'tj ihiy lalleil \\\\\k iiiimmtr B<ty, The 29111, they
fct Sail lor Port i'limini \ here the l,niid tends fo far tothie
South, that the lilaiuU of VetniagtHs, and Ttrra del Iuee«t
fecm afar olV to inrct totti^tlier. I'hey found no remain-
ing Tokens here « » ihc late tmnous Philip* % City, but a
I Kan of Stoiu'ii, tu (hew, that once diere had been a
Building. The ^MiigdiitHii Stieiuhts are in Breadth here
alxiut Four Milci i ih«. 1 1 ilia on Ixith Sides of which are
valUy high aiul iUrii, and all the Year long covered with
Snow. I leie, tit Port liimint, they cut down Wood to
make them a linar, and tound tiie Bark of the Trees to
be hot, .ind, in Tiille, biting like Pepper. Having no

5ood Watriing luie, they left this Place, (doubting, in-
eed, wluilur ir were Port /'iwH/w or no) and, after Two
Miles pall, liiund a guud River. This was DtttmL,' the
Firft. rill 111 Kt Day they duuhlptl Ca|ie Frotveird, with
fome Daiign, by iiaiim of unliife Anchorage, and con-
trary WiikS k l.t paillii|ji lour Miles farther into a large
Bay, tluy aiuhoi'd lliri( . I lete was a Plant hke Sneezc-
woit, g.Mjd tt^^aiill the Suir\y 1 and another, which caufed
Maviiitf,, makiiiu hmir thai t illed it almoll diftradled for
a time. Hue iliry luul .1 Sight of Sebaftian de IVcerl'i
Ship, who wai one of r^^il-iijLVw's Company, with which
unothtr of the lame fleet hadlKMultiven back out of the
South Sea. He told them he had fpent above Five Months
in the Streighu, and hail but Thirty-eight left out of One
huiulied ,m\ 1 1 n Men, aiul, not k-ing able to endure tiic
Storms of ihe .South St ,1, WW forced 10 put in there, while
the reft of the I' lect ||r|d oil ihiir Courle.

8. y,tiiii,iiy 4, ifitm, thry let out again, directing their
Courle to Miinii>* Uav, whiih tluy obfcrved to extend
very fir FalUaul, and lo icceive feveral Rivers into it i
in the Mouths ot whuh were vail (ji^iantities ol Ice, that
fecnifd never to mt It .I'i ilie V«.ir round : For t!iouf;h this
W.IS near the Miilnimnei- Sratim in tli.it .Southern Chmatj,
yet the liew-w lo |lu> k, that at Ten Fathom Sou.'uhng
tiiey toulil noi reaeli the Bottom of it. The Land alio
feemed to be an I leap nl Irokeii Illinds wliicli the Height
ot tiie Mouniain-. 111, ule apixar like onelirm ar.d tontinu-el
Piece. I leie they had ilie DdUellcs of 1 lunger, and con-
tinual Kaiiis, and ihr I uhol I'wo of thdir Company, wiio
were kilkil by thti .SavajV's an they were picking Mufleis,
wiiiili were their thirl SiilU nance. 1 laving weathered out
many Storms whali eiidan^^rred them in Menijle Bay, and
lijine bncoiinteu ion wulitlie ^^aviiges, they fet S.iil on the
17th, ;uid were iliiven by a.Moim tutolJopfe ur Penguin B;;y,
Thrie Miles diiLmt, and receiving tiie Name from the
Muliitiiile ot ih.if Sou of Fowl tound there; of which
they obferveel, liiat tluy rmikl both dive and fvim very
well, but not l!y at all. I lire the Vice-admiral, for divers
Crimes, was lomlenuird by a Council of War to be turned
alhore, there 10 lliili tui iiiiiilirlf amongft the wild Beafts,
and wilder Inh.ibitaiUi ol thcCountiy j which was exe-
cuted acfonringly,

9. Jebnuiiy the ift, ihry entered another Bay, which
they called /V/1//A fiiiy, aiul in which they run many Fla-
zards. On die i; ih.ihey law at a Diftance a huge Moun-
tiin of lee in IVi'XiuH Hay \ but the next Day, viz. the
Idft of Jebru.iry, they bill adieu In all thole difmalProfpeds,
and palVcd tape J)(/iN into the .South Sea. Their Com-
pany was now 14", bill miiekly lelfened by the Lofs of
the Sh';i ol the Vice .idmiial, whom they dropt. Marc/h the
i;th, txptv^.ting hrr in vain, they lailcd to the Iftand La
Muita, which is alHtut Six Miles from the Continent, and
lies in {8" .Souih l„»(inide. It is remarkable for an high
Mountain in the Muhlle of it.iliat cleaves at Top tom.ikc
Way fljr a Courle of Waters into the Valley underneath it.
Here they baiteiM Knives tiiul I latchets tor Sheep, Hens,
Maize, Bartulas, and oilier Fuiit. 'I'hey went to fee the
'J own, which cdiitifted ol iiKnii Fifty Hoiifes of Straw,
where they W( re eiilrltainod with a four (brt of Drink
called G.7, whii h u made ut Mai£ ftcepcd in Water,

K and

•ml it thf ch&icc t.i(]uor \\M at tlirir Frarts. Polygamy
is riiihh pr*.'hlal amongll iIkiti, aiui tliry liuy as nuny
Wives as till y can kivp \ lb tli.it a Mm tli.ii ll.l^ 4 RikkI
many t)auphtcrs, mav chance lo get arj KHati hytlum,
rr}>ni4lly it ihty jiMvi- hamJliinu'. Il one Man kill an-
<ith«r, the Kiniirtil ot tli> munlrmi IVrtinj arc his Judgr*
aiK< l''jt(( 11' loners , tor ili'V have noIjiw<, nor (iuIiIk M4-
gidrato, I) kci I' up any 1 irm ot Jiilticc anii.iij;(l them :
Mwf yet a Man may j'oiniily buy off his I'unilhnicnt too,
by making 4 Drinking-bout of Ciii. They make their
Clolhcs i>t the Wool ot a very large l<>rt ot Shrrp, which
Lrenfures they alio ul'c to rarry Hunienv T hry would r»t
Icll any ol theli-, though they did ot another .Soif, not
nuKh differing ti on the iDninion. .V/. ^Udrr'i IfUnd lici
highteeh Miles trom hei'.e in ]y' 15 Soiiih Ijtiiude.
Ilifi- they met with a Spamlh Ship that wai carrying lard
anvl Meal to iranco and i-^iirpiiM, whuh they chalet!
and toot;. 'I'ne 1*1101 ol thisShijt told tlKtii, they muld
no; get back to Si. Man's Illmd l)erau(e ot the South
Winds, and tlut there were I wo Mmol \S ar waiting for
their conviig in .Irua ; l'|X)n which Inlorniation, they
concluded to I41I to / ul J'artiifo, and, l^y that means,
tjuitr loll their Vice admirn!, which might have othcrwile
come up to them at lull. IJelhles, they concluded, that Ihc
miffed the Mii .1 .'•V. Mary, i.jjon the wrong placing it in
i'ljidui'i Mi\\ as high as ^S', when indecii it bes in
<7' i^ . And this Krror they themfclves had t'aJIcn into,
h*l not Cj|t.un Mfltiji lit tliem right by Ins Obtervations.
And i( tamer lontirmcd them m their Refolutions not fo
liiil bark to ^V. Mary's Iiland, to hear tjf t , Misfortune
fit i>im9ti dt Cordes there, who was in a lnendly nunn;r
itivitfd alljore, and then Initchricil by the Imitani, together
with 'IwcLty-thrce ot hi.s Men, the treacherous Spaniards
endeavouring to }^t his Two Ships info their Hanis, and
fcmti;ig Inicliigciuc to /./«,», aiul all the Cctintr>- alxnir,
of the AinvaJ lA the Duuh, and the Names of their
Captai'is ami Lonimondcrs. l-or theic Ro-afons, tliry Iwnt
their Cour'.e to /W /'rfrdf/tf, where th(y rook Two Shijs,
and killed foinv IndiaHS, but the Spaniard^ wrnr all gone.
'V\\\% I'al i'aiaifo lies 111 ^j" South Ijmui'ei and, up in
the tountiy, aK>ut l-.igiiten Miles dillant, lirs St. Ittrt,
a J»)wn tlur affuids jim;., Smre ot red '.Vine a:id SJiccp,
which they ki'l only t r tlie Suer, »ith which .dfnc they
la^ic many VclTcls. Here ilii-y rct(i> -d Ix^ttcrs from the
Captain ot the Fiyin^ Hart, one of Itrhagn's Com-
pany, who was t!c.u!.croufly taken liy the 'p.wiardj;
wlucli hard late, he Miiormctl them, lie hod avoided, hr \
he nifC been mifguidtd by ihc wrong placing ot Si. Mary's
IHand in the Map

to. At St. lagn ilKy intefcrpted fome Iz-tter^, which
gavi- an Account of the Wars lietwee-i the Indians inii .^;><j
niardi in C/i.'/ ; Tlit ibrmcr, Ix-mg, it teems, in R( (vliion.
lud lack- ) the '1 own ol Iliidn-ij, pu'ing vail Number,
tit the K^j,.iniar.i> to tlic Sword, ami -rrying off man,
Trrwps ul' Captives: Ihey burnt the Houfrs iiid
C!iu>Lhis, and !\n;< k oil" the I leads of the Fopifh Imat^es,
crying, Down to the (i(x)s of tiie Spaniards. 'I'hey
traiiimal tlnir MoiJths with i ,ok\, and bid them latisty
themlelves with iliat, tor the Sake of which their Votaries
had made fo muiy barbarous Maffacres amongft them.
BsJidcs all thi., thiy laid <];{■■ Suge to the City Impcriaie,
and alinotl ftarvcd the Spanijh (ianlbn there. The valiant
Indtans ttu: i.ndertiKik tins Acnon were ab<xjr aooo, of
which ^coowcre Horle, ilkj Shot, ami 70 Corflcts, all
which hurniiurc were SpantjO) I'lun^icr. They lo mortally
hate the Spaniard;, that they rip up the Brealts of all ih: y
ovtrccmr, to luvc the Pleat ure ot tearing out their Hrarts
with thcr leeth 1 and it a.lds very nuKh to the Talb-
ot their I.;4uor, to drink it out ot a Cup nude ot a Spa-
ward'^ Sku/1. I hey are tor the n^ofl part verj- ftout and
ilciitui Soidicfi, and commit all tiicir military AtTairs to
the Ntanaf.^(in.-nt of one liprcine (jcniral, whofc Orders
they contmuuly olx-y: But their Mdho.i ot Kktilion to
this Honour is lomething osld ; Inr he that carried a 1 im-
bcr Log on hu ShouK'.ers the lonivif, and with ilv It-all
IJegrec ot Wcannefs, was laluted ( ..nrral by thcAimy,
IcvtraJ in liiis Jrial bore it lor lour, I ;\r. .'^ix I lours -, biiti
at lall, one carnal it I'wenty-tour 1 louis outright,' m\\
WU General at tlas tune. All tins Country of Cbihl trom

The V O Y A C; E S of

Book 1.

5/ lagt to B.iidt:ia, is oie o(*tTic mof? fertile and d( lipFit
lul Spots in the WcrkI ; Thfi' are ail liifts of Cattle and
Ftuits, GoKI Mines 11 jbtndaiue, an Air fwtet and wlio!
Ibme to that nearec, that it is ifft!' f.t. and Mcilicine,
and excludes the I ie of all other J'hylic.

II. April I. they enti red the j';.y Im Ctiaf<o, and lift
it the .Seventh following. The nth, tlu y cane into a
great Hiv, calicvl Mcr- 'lent. Ten Nlilts from which i^
Mtrrt Mtrtno, from i^huhthi Shore runs to .Inca -, and
all this 1 f4it, uii to St. Iran(ii'% Hill, is very nuKh lub-
\ff\ to South WInd^, though in the adjoining Sea rhey tr,'
very variable ind unr.rf am. The 20th, tlir Air w.js all
datkenal wiili an .Irtnal, which is a Cloud of Duff raili.l
fo tlmk, that a Man canm-t tie a Stone', ( .ill Irom hini ;
they are 1 -ought off from flic ailjKc it ."^horcs, atnl are
very common in thol' Parts. The 'irt''. iK-y were within
View of the famous ( ty of timay and now they came to
iinderftand the ValtK > ( the Trcafiire whiih the Malice of
the Spamardi li.id roblxd them of, ami which othcrwifc
they had fouml in thofc Shipj thev took at St. %». Mm
Dilcovcry was thus m.»de : Nicula: Pttrrjhn, who wai
Captain of the Priz'-, acquaintfrl the Admiral, that a Nc
gro he hail on board, whofc Nam- was EmaHutl, \ix.\
informal him, thit there was a great (Quantity of (iokl n 1
boani the Ship, to the Amount, as he lielieveJ, of Thrr'-
Tons, with which he was the Uttir acquaintei', liecaul
himfelf had hrl])cd to carry a gn it Part of it «"\ board.
The Admin!, ujion this Information, examined! Aftpaitr"}
Pilot very clitily, who .u lirll retuti J. to own iny ning ,
but another Nr(;ro, wliofe N.. nr ^m SfhaJhcK, haiing
admitted the lart, and aajuaii ted them wiili fon-c farth. r
Cirrumll.inies, the Spanifh Pilot at !atl owiie<!, tliar they
had on Uaid I ilty ;w,j Chdls contairii-j; rich Four
Aroly-i ol (,okt, and, ly fides this 5C^o B«« of the f.ime
Metal, weighing from Kight to Ten and Iwi Ivr Pnunds
apieie; all whiih, together with whatever priv.ite Stock
any of th Ship's Commny luul, the Captain cai;i;(! tolx:
tlin-svn over Iv.ard the Night he was tirft ch.iftd, anwunt
ing in the Whole to about io,:oo/./. Weight of (kJtl,
and, Itom its linenels, worth about 2,00c, 000 of Pieces
of I-ight. llie Aiiiniral, u]x)n this, onlered the Ship fo
be liranhal, and then the Pnfore-rs, but to \ cry little Pur-
jx)!'. i tor, cxiept a tingle Pouiul Weight ot (iold dull,
tied up in 4 little Bag, in t.Hc Spanifo Pilot's Breeches,
there was not a ( iiain to be found. The Piilbners owned,
that all ths (lokl was brought from the IHand of St. .Ma-
ry, vrhru- the Mines w:re dilcovtred alviut Three Yi;s
before; and tlut there were not, on that lil.md, alxA,:
Three or lour Spaniards, and about Joo iJiaKs armal
only with Bows and .\rrows.

II. .Wpirmitr 5. they ha<l Sight of the TMronis , m\,
the 1 6th, came to Cua^a, which is one ot thcni ; an in.vid
Twenty Miles in l-.xtent, and yielding I- idi, l.xoas, Ba
nan.r, Siigar-t anes, which the Jndiam lirought in a great
Numl* r ^ f Can(KS iiji to their Ships. Sometimes tlu y
nut wirii Two himdrul of th.f- Canoes, with l-our (<r
liveM. napiecr, which wrwild oineall hollowing together,
/hero, Hiera, that r. Iron, lion, and with vciy Kager-
iiets lun their Camns itjx)n the Ship«, anil overturn th.iii,
IxjiKli anil all. 'Ihey were very lly, fubtic fort of l»ni.
l)le, honrll with good |,K>kiii[', to ; 1 lit otherwile they
would (ill a .Man a Basket of CVxoa fhrlh, with a linlc Uiic
.1 Top, lor a B.isketof Ricr, ard whip a Sword out of
the Siablwrd, .-uid fo ♦kip into the W.nter, and away tu
the Ikittom, whither a Man mull go after them, if he inu'i
to luv Satisfaction : And ihc Women were as good .it
theIc Rogueries as the Men ; they wodd lle.il as impudent-
ly, and dive as well to hide it.

I ^ Ihe i;th, they lailed for tlie rb:lipph:a\ on the

their Shii«. The Spaniards, who ate I oriis here, make
rie Indians |uy leu lingje Kuls a I lead for tvety ctv
ai«.vr Iwcnty Uaiw.ld. 1 hele ,K>or Creatures are moll-
ly nat^d, and mark tluir Skins w.th ligures fo de • ;!y
iiopreflcd, that iliry never wear our. K.ii.f.. ditcoveicd,
but -..icr ha*'ii>g obuinal thcr Indj, ihiy tailed for the

Streigli!

Chap. I.

Oliveh van Noort.

Stretght ol \famlhi i all tite Tnd approxchinp' 'o whirh,
tliry ohfrtvcd, w,u wilfr, lurrrn, anci rocky. I icn a (ikI-
drn null of Wiml froin the South-raft carried away their
Mtili and Sailti, and irraicd thrm with more lury, tlun
any thinf? they hj»A befnn met with. Ihc 2^d, fomc of
them went jlhorr, and rar Patniilus and drank good Store
ut Water, ufM which tliry were feizcd with die bloody
Mux. The i(th, they rntcicd the .Streiglit iffetf, antl
rilled by the Kland in i Mkift i and, in the Kvcning,
pafled iIk Ifl.uid &/'(/. ^cwn Miles within the Strcight,
near which tliry ftwn I Whirlpooh. ,11 faros they could dil-
cuver, bot-.omlefi, 1 hry new croiidcd .Sad tur Manilla,
which b l-jgtuy Miles trotn GVmi/, wtniring both Wind
(o carry, and Kood Ma^n and a Pilot to i.\\n't\ thetn.

14. N'^tmh^r ■• they t'loka Junkol Ci>/M, laden with
I'rovififHi for A. m.ia : The Mailer of this VtlTel gjV(;
tiiem this IntelligtiKc i that there wen- r\\{nn Manilla Two
j^reat Ships, diat ( amc every Year from A -w Spain thithtr,
and J l^uh .Ship ailii, that was Ixiught at Malacca « that
the Town was walkd 'loiit, .tnd there were Two Forts to
Ipcurc tlie Sliip'i that 1 '' there : That there was .1 vail
Trade from Cii' .1 thitii' , ■•'■> Wl\ than 4110 Ships cominp
every Year Iroin Chiiif' ^ith .Silk and other v.iliiabic
'.' huiRs between Eaftcr m id Df(eml>*r ; and particularly,
(Itat Iwo Ships were Ihortly cxpe^ei! from JafaH, lailcn
with Iron, and ctlKr Metals, ami Prnvilions. 'I he luh,
iliiy took Iwo Barks ladin with Urns and IIoi^s, which
were the iifxmi/h Tribute, hut Ixt.iine Meat for tin Dutch,
as it happened, who lent tli< in a lew I inen Uults in the
iixMn of it. They p-idrd die Illamb Bankingle and Min-
' <,re, right againft which is ihe llle Ijfu-kn, at Two
Miles Diilancci and, between thnii borh, is another In' illcr
Illuui, by which th'-re 11 .1 Ule Pan".i{!;e for Ships Ihc
Iibiiil iMjifon is biggT than England and Scttlam. iml has
a Ciufttr of fnuller lll.iruls aloui it : It is more b . <lden to
1 raiic.than 10 tiio ffapjiinofs of its own .Soil, for the Rich-s
it enjoys. Lying at Anchor in 15" North latitude. In
Fxpci.4:'.tion of thcll- y^'A'" Sliips, Decemher 1 tliev took
one of tlum: Siu w.ls ot Fitry Ton Burden, aid had
fptnt Iwinty-fiv ■ Days in liie Voy.ige. The Form of
Jicr was loinrrhinj.-, itrangc ; her Fore-part bi-ing like a
Chimney, and her I urniture very agreeable to her bhajx i
the .Sails being nuulc ol Reeds, the Anchors of Wooil, and
th<- Cables ol Straw. J'iie jnpontfe .dxwrd her were all
bald, exrept one I'uft of 1 lair left behind i and this is the
Mode of tlut Country. TIk .)t!i, thiy took Iwo Harks,
ont laden with Gicoa wine and .Aqua Vitif, and tlie other
with Mens and Rice. The 14th, they met with th '^pamjh
SMp.«. returning Home from AtinilLi, upon which Meet-
ing comme'iiccd a very fmart Engagement : 'I'heD«/i^, Ix-
ing overpowered by Multitudes, wrre reduced to very Iml
lJrcuinft.inccs, their Adimi/I being l.urdetl once by ilu;
Spimiitiiis, and alnvitl y^ui iiuirely into their I'oflelfion.
She w,is jiitl ujxm the I'oinrof yiekling her'iilf to the Spa-
iiifb \dmiial, (who had prellL-d her v;ry hard almoll all the
Day when her own -Admiral, feeing all w;;s loll wiihtnit a
very rclolute I'ufh, threatened to blow upShi| , Men and
all, if they dul not Ivat the Spaniards off again, and fight
at a bctt'. r Rate : I lie /'/.',/>, at this, hurried on with
Rage, I ear, and l)t,lpair of prclerving thcmfclves any
otiur Way, fought to (i) good I'urjHjIe, that, in a little
time, ihey clcare,! thur own Ship, boarded t\\t Spanijh
Admiral, and at lall lunk her. This Action coll tiiem no
more tlum five Lives, and Twenty-fix more endangered
by \Noum::., the wiiole Comp.uiy left being now but
Thirty -five. But ot tlu- Spaniard* there were Icvcral I lun-
dreds that perilled, j-aniy in the Fight, and partly drowned
ami knoikcd on the Ikad .iftcr the Fight wasovir. The
greatell Lofs the Duuh had was that of tlieir Pinnace,
which eiiionntered rlie .''panifl) Viec-ailniiral, and w.is taken
by her; which w.is no (hange Thing, ir)nfidtnng fhe h.ul
iHit Iwintylive Men to light againll Five hundred Spa/ti-
ardi and Indians.

I .. From hence tlu y ft Sail for Borneo, the chief Town
of the llleofth.it Nam , wluchis 180 Miles from MmilU,
and li'. . .'.\ j' Nortii Latitude, ,\\ M.iniHa iloes m aUait
14" .yu' \ .iiul, in their Way to ir, palled by Bolutan, an
Ifl.md 18;) Miles long. The 26th, they came to hor)ho,
putting into a gre.it Bay, Thra- Miles in Compals, where

there wa« koo»1 Aik horing, as tifa f^<VM f'ilWng In u ncigh-
Unir River, and the Fillurmrn very rcu y to barter tlitir
I dh for Linen C loth. Ihc Admiral, by a Miflnigcr,
cravetl Leave of the King to trade there ; but he, lulpcct-
11^ them ro l)c Spaniards, would come to no { < rm; wifh
ihcni, till his Officers lud learchcd, and I ,und thei our iry %
(i> thry traded hire Uir I'epirr with tli( Palaniiti,, .1 Sort
<it People of a Chineje Ori|'iiiaI. The HorncMS and they
were fond of Chtua Linen i but (hat, which <inu' out of
IliiUmd, W.-IS a mere Drug. In the mean tim ■ the Hornc-
am kid a I V« to furprill thi ir Ship 1 and, to elVedl it, y^-
nutiry th<' lit 1601. they came up to them with an i lundred
Praws, and, pretending to bring I'refents from the King,
would have Iwardai them ; but the Dmdi, lint lung wh.it
tliofe Preiirnts were, delired them "t keep from fluir Vel-
fcl, or ihey (liould be obliged to mke them do lo with
their Sh(/t 1 wiiich Kefolution of theirs the Ikrnfans tlcing,
defifted Irom the Attempt. Bonito is the g.e.itdl Illaiid ut
the Eaji Indus. The capital City, bearing the Uine Name,
contains \ '') I loufrs , nit llanils in a ilirt . marlliy Soili
l"o that they may go in their Pnws from one Fhinle to
.iiiothcr. I'lie Inhabitants all goarnwd from the Noblem.iii
to the Filherman \ :'■ ' the very Women hivi !(> much of
the Soldier in their C oinixjOtion, that, il they receive any
Affroiif, they preli-ntly revdige tluiiilclves ^^illl Dagg, r or
Javelin ujion hnn that gives it. This a Dtif. h .Mati lucl
like to havi proved to his Coll 1 for, having I une Way
dilgufted one ofthefe Borm.iii Viragoes, On- lit upon him
with a Javchn, and had dilpati li< d him, il llie liad not been
prevtiited by main Force. I' hey are Mabciiietans in point
01 Religion, and lb very liiperlliiious therein, that tliiy'll
fooncr die than talle any th ig that comes from a Swine \
neither will thry keep any 4 thole Creatures about ihcm.
The better .Sort ol tl,' in h.iv> a Covcnn;^ of Linen Irom
the Waift downward"*, and .1 Cotton To;bant on their
Heads \ but the common People go ail naked. They chew
a great deal of Beetle and Anicca in this Iiland, which \i
allij a mightv Falhion in many otiv r Parts. 'I li • Dulcb,
feing little I lope ot profitable Tratle here, faileil (or B.in-
t.iin, not extremely well plcaled cither with t!ic Countiy, or
It. Inhabitants.

iti. J.inuary the 4th in the Night, Four Bon:'- ;r came
to tlic Ship, with a Defigti to !iave cut their Cables, and
fo to have brought tlie Ship .nground •, but, bein-^ difco-
vcred, and pelted with Shot, they mar< iietl olV, leaving
tlieir Praw h l-.ind them-, which the Duui> t^'ok inllcidof
tlieir own Boat loll at Manilla. The luxt Day tl.ey nut
with a Junk from Japtin, bound for \liinilla, which inform-
ed tiiem ol a great Dutib Sjiip lurced by 'I'empeHs iito
JiiptiH, all the Company (I which, by Famine and Sitk-
nels, were I'.ead, to Fourteen •, that they tame firl^ t.i Bcn^o
in i4' 40' North L.ititude, and .ift;rwards, by the King's
Order, removed to .Itonzn m ^6' ,n) -. th.it they wue
theie in a late Harbour, and hid Lilx-rty to trade, and build
a new Ship; which ilone, they might dil'jHjfe of themfelvis
as they plcaled. By this A< count, they doubted not but
this Ship was rnbagen\ Adni.ral -, fo, difmiirmg tlie 7.;-
]cnc'<- V'efTel, they went on, and p.ufled the Li:ie a Ihiid
tinn. iiiling in no little Fear and D.ingcr lor w.int ol .1
Pilot, .md gooil Charts. The i6ih, tiny took a Junk cf
y.r, and in !ier a Ikiltul Pilot, who .ame in good Tin-,: tij
lave them from Shijiwreck, whicli oth.rwile, in all Lik.ll-
hood, h.ad been their F'ate in thofc Seasi for now they h.ul
but one Anchor left, and the Cable of that .ilmoll worn o'.it ;
and, bilidcs, h;ul fi) many Slio.ils and Itluids .ibouc tluin
on every Side, that it was ;in e.ify M.ittirfor a .Miip, .1
Stranger there, to have mifcarricd. Some of thelV I'.l.au's
were Binlii and Ciitifata, which yield Diamonds, that are
liild at Malacca. The 2Sth, they came to Jcrt.m u; on th^
llle oija-.u where they had News of Dutih Ships .it /'.j»;-
lam. The City confills of about 1000 'I'imber I loiiiis.
The King co'nmantis a confidciMl-ie Parr ot that In.; ot
the Iiland, and had lately cone|iieicd Bul.'miHu:!!, ^ li'-t^c
Iiland, th.it lies jull by the South-call ol Jjft,':. Tiv V
arc laid to be Mubometans in the Cour.try tluieabeui ■, thi>'
the Pagods in life Hill fem to argue Ibme Kind, of Mix-
ture ol the old Luiiiut Siii>.rllition wiiii tliat of \L:b m;:, .r
at leall a Toleration of it in the Whole airon:i,ll the ef;m-
nion People. Their chief Pricll is an old .Man ot' \:.\
A wh)

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23 WiST MAIN STRUT

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO

(716) 872-4503

1«

The V O Y A G E S tf

Book I

) ,13

;i'i-

i <'■

I Ui:

f ",

%ho has a good round Familf of WivM \ and the old Man
lives on nothing but the Muk, which he fucks ftwn his
Wives Breath. Sailing hence, they £iw a oreat Ptrlupufi
Ship of 600 Ton (tick on dte Shoall. She wm going to
j^mioiHa, on a Dcftgn of ingrofSng all that Trade to har-
fcU, and was thus Rbppod by the Way i at kaft, thit wai
the Account the Ptrtt^tft gave of her, iho* the GkMral
liifpeaed, that the aftually put to Sea ih order tocniife for
them V and therefore they were the lefs concerned for her
Misfortune, and the lefs cateflil In afliftlng her Crew, oon<
filling originally of 6 or 700 Men, of which many were
ftill on board her, and in Danger of perilhing.

1 7. Ftbnary the fdi they paflied the Strdghts betwaen
BaUmioa and lUtj \ and, leaving Jmv North-eaft from
them, on the 1 ith they found themfeh^ca in 1 ^* South la-
titude, and then dircdled their Courfe to the Cape of G—i
Hop*. On the i8th they had the Sun vertical at Noon,
being then in ti° 20'. and here a Calfl) began that lafted
Eleven Days. NUtrtb the i ith they came into 24* 45* ;
and the 24th into 28* 10'. yipril UiC ift tliey made 30*
50 ; and the 1 9th (having been confidcrably retarded be-
tween crofs Wimls and Calms) they were forced to leflen
their Mcafures of Water -, but the a.ith at Night thry law
a Light like Fire about Four Miles to the Noith-wtft,
Larki now lieing near \ whereas thi-y reckoned themfclvts
4oo Miles from the Cape, and not being aware of their
Approach to any other. The 25th they were in ^4' :?5' i
and now the Calms gave them Libeny to mend thtir Saiis.
At Niglit they law another Fire, ai>d the next Morning
Land, bearing North-eafttrly. The aTth thi.7 came into
^4° 40, and within Six or Seven Mills of the Land. Mtiy
the 21', they made 55* 151 and the next Morning law,
between the Fad and North, fomething like the End of an
iriand, about Six Mi<es olF, by which they fanlicd them*
felves near the Cape. And then they directed their Cciurfe
to St. Hflfma, wheie they arrived the a6ih, ami refrelhed
themfclves with good Water, Fi(h« and fome Flelh ■, but no
Cabritos, nor Fowl, (which are both hard to b: taken) nor
Orange, couJd they meet with here. They left this Ifland
the 30th, and Juni the 14th pafled the Line the Fouith
Time. The i6th they met with Six Dutch Ships bound
for the Eafi hJitt, Jama Htemkirk Admiral. Thcl'e had
fought Thirteen SpMiJb Ships near the Salt Iflands, and had
loll both their Pinnace and Vice-admiral, the former uken
by the Spaniards, and the latter gone from thrm ; but they
hoped fecurc. Jufy the 8th they came into 27" North La-
titude, and met with Store of the Weed Saragojfa floating
in the Water. The 1 3th they were in 3 2* 30', and then
had Fifteen Days Calm, and a very weedy Sea. The aad
they were driven to a very (hort Allowance of Bread, and
that worm-eaten too, their Stock being ahnoft fpcnt. At-
gitji t!ie ift they made 40' North Latitude, ami left the
Iliand Flora, which comes about Forty-five Miles to Weft-
ward. The 1 8th Three Ships of EmMtn met them, and
exchanged Bread and Flelh for Rice and Pepper with them,
and withal (hewed them, that they were not fo near Eug-
land as their Mader had toM them, who had promifed to
make the Lizard the next Day. On the a6th of W!»fi$f,
aWjut Noon, they arrived lalely before the City of Rotler-
dam, where they were received with the utmoil Joy, as

haviiig petfiormed fo perllons a Voyages at coft them neat
Thfta Years Time.

18. TheCompany, atwho&ExpenceGh^ralv«*Ar««rt
had been fitted out^ weft eititmeiy will pteafed with kh
Coiiduft «hraugh the whole Aflkfer, tkoT ntcndcd with no
greac Suixeft to dwm \ (ok faia Rcttans wnefar flion of
wImk had nucd fiom faniwr ExpedkiOnt \ but the Glory
of tuifng with the SfmdsrJt, PirUfatfit and Etrli/b, ck
Honour of making new DUboveiies, and eveh of ftirround*
ing Che Globe, made the DMr^ better pl^M widi GmimU
1M» N4»rtt than wkh tnf €$ their Wivigatoa t Yet k is
appaRntfdhat he met withgpoNer Dificu]tics,and performtd
his VoyitaB more flowly, than our EnfJifli Captalna had
done, ih^ afliftod by maMT' Lights wliich thvy wanted^
as well tt much bettor fumilficd at his full fetimg out. One
thin| b extremely remarkable, which is the rigorous Di^
fi:ipbne obftrved throughout die Voyage^ and which was
tclt not only by inferior Seamen, for wch Faults as ekhw
the Meanncfs of their Temper might prompt, or the Shar|>>
nefs of their Mifcrics excufe, but by die Second Peribn
in the Fleet, and who, in cait any Acckleht hod beiiillcn
the General, woukl hive become the Firft of i ourie. This
Aft of Juftirc was prrformeil with much Solemnity and
Circuinijiection : 1 le was proceciied a^inft for Breach of
the Articles c'.bbiiihed and fwom to More they proceeded
on the Voyage, h:id Time atbweil him for his Dcicnee*
and, en a titir Hearinp, was condemned to be deimed in
the Streights of Magellan, having only a' fmall Qu<intity of
ProviTiuns put on Shore with him ( (o that he was quickly
deftroyed liy Hunger, or fell a Viftim to the RagR of the
.Savages, who were implacable Enemies to Foreigners.
1 he Dread of fuch a I'unifhment keeps thofe within due
Bounds whofe Errors are mod fatal in luch Voyages. For
wane of a Power of this Nature, many great Undertakings
hax'c been overthrown, a Competition between Command-
as being naturally attended witn Faftions in the Fleet •, and
then the Uiaiilication of private Ends is conllantly preferred
to the Good of the Whole.

19. Wcmect, in this Voyage, with an Account ofCap*
tain ir H^ttrt'i being found in the MsgiUamt Streightsi,
and of his being lefr there by General vtm Nttrt, becaufe
he found it imprafticabk to ftay for him. In the original
Account of dus Voyage, we meet with frequcm References
to thuo'idt MW/'s, who wu one of the beft Seamen in
Hellmd, and hved to difUnguifh himfelf by nmny more foc-
celsful Hxpe-Utions. It has been found neceflary therefore
by all who have attempted Collcdbons of this Sort, to add
this Voyage of dt IVeert, tho* he was no Circum-navigator,
to that of voH Nt»rf, and, I think, with good Reaibn :
Firft, becade it is certain, that Captain tUlVeert wb fitted
out with an Intent, that he flxiuld have gone by the Streights
otM^elloM to the Indus \ and iicst, becaufe it is very dif-
ficult to find fbgood a Defcriotion of thote famous Streights,
as be ha^ given us. From diefc Motives, I have been led
to the Purfiat of the fame Method , and I perfuade myfelf,
the Reader will be aa well picafcd to fee die Firmnefs of an
able Commander fhuggling with a kmg Series of Misfor-
tunes, as with the Felicity of other Captains, who iiave
atchieved, with Icis Difficulty, what, with equal Coura^
and Condud, was attempted by him.

SECTION VII.

77}e remarkable Voyage of Captain Srbald deWebrt/o/Aj South Seas, and the Streigbti
0/ MagcWan^ intended at a Supplement to tie former SeSlioft,

I. lie Ocrafion of thit Voyage, and the Departure of the Five Ships from Holland June the i-jtb 1^98.
a. Their Arrival at the Ijland of Brava. 3. Their Difputes with the Pbrtugueic Inbahitantt of that
IJland. 4. The Death oj thtir Mmiral, and hit Supercargo, j. The Hrguiations that enfued upon theft
Accidents. 6. Shabt their Cour/e for the I/land 0/ Aiinobon. 7. They proceed to the Coaft ofGmtWf^
where their Vice-admiral falls Jick. 8. Thy land, and art well received ky a Negro King j hut after-
wards differ with him, and obtain Rejrejhments hy Force. 9. Their Arrival at the Ifland of Anndbon,
and the tnfirm State of thtir Men. 10. Tie Dijficulties they met with there, and Difhutts ivitt the
P.jrtiiguck. 1 1 . Proceed to the Coajl of Brafil , and from thence for tbt Strtightt of MagclUn. n. The
Dijiculdei they met with there, and a Defer ipt ion of the CoaJI. 13. Their Dijputtt with tbt Savages.

i^ 'the

Chap. li

SeBALD DE WfiERTi

14,. Tbf Inftttution of a new Order of Knightbobd of the Lion fet free, i f. The Bar bar it) of the Savages
of this Country. 16. 'The;/ enter the South Seas, vihere they meet ivith greater Storm t than before. 17. ^re
obliged, by Strefs of fVeather, to put back into the S freights. 1 8. SuJ'er prodigious Hani/hips therefor
Nine Months. 19, yl Female Savage and Two Children taken hy them in an Jfland in thofe St r eights.
20. The\' difcover the Fleet under the Command of Oliver Van Noort, and refolve to join it. n. Are
obliged however to remain in the Streigbts^ Jor want of Provi/ions. J2. Methods taken by them tofub/i/l
in thofe Streights. 23. They difcover fomt fmall IJlands without the Streights, which, in Honour of their
Captain, they call the SehM'me lilinds. 24. Arrive on the Conji of GnXwy. 2f. Come fafcly into. the
Maefc, July 13. 1600.

I, f ■ IHE Inhabitants of the United Provinces being

I very defirous of promoting, to the utmoft of

M. their Power, fiich Difcoveries as might prove
brneficia! to their Navigation anil Commerce, the City of
Rotterdam procured Leave from the States to fit out Five
flout Sliips for the Streights of Magtllan, Of thefe the
largcrt was called The Hepe, of 500 Tons, which had 130
Men on boanl, James Mabu, the Admiral of this little Fleet,
being aboard of her. The Second Ship, numed The Love,
(or Charily) of 300 Tons, had on board 1 10 Men, Simon
de Cordes Vice-admiral Commander. The Third, called
The Faith, of 320 Tons, with 100 Men, was commanded
by Gerard Van Beuningen. The Fourth was named The
fidelity, of 220 Tuns, with 86 Seamen, Juriatt Bockholt
Cnptain. The Fifth was a Yacht called The Merry Mejfen-
ger, of 150 Tons, and manned with 1 12 Men, under the
Command of Capuin Sebald deWetrt. Thefe Five Ships
were well provided with all manner of Provilions antl Am-
munition, with Cannon, Money, Mercliandize, and all Nc-
ceflhries whatever for a long Voyage. The Pilot, upon whom
they chiefly depended, was one fVilliam Mams an linglijh-
man, a Pcrfon of great Experience, and of whom wc ihall
have Ocrafion to iiiy much in another Place ; and they
had, befides him. Three Englijhmen more on board the
Admiral. JuKt the 27th 1598. the Fleet failed out of the
Chanel of Gceree \ bwt, the Wind being contrary, they
were forced to lie at Anchor in the Downs upon the Englijh
Coaft till the 15th of Jtdy. Then, the Wind being fair,
they failed again 1 .ind, having confumed Part of their Pro-
vifions, the Commanders were fo provident, as to take in
more, for fear of Want. On the 1 9th of 'July they were on
the Coaft of Barhary ; and, towards the latter End of Am-
guft, they arrivetl in the Harbour of St. logo, which is one
ot the Cipe d( Verd Iflands, where they remained till the
loth of Sfpiember, notwithftanding the Country was very
imwholfomr, and tlieir Pilots, particularly Mr. Adams,
rcmonllrated ftrongly againrt their continuing there •, which
fo much offended their OfRcers, fonder of Authority, it
firms, than Safity, tliat tliey rclblved never more to call
their Pilots to Council ■, which firms to have been tiie
Source of all their fubfequent Misfortunes, and of that relt-
fefs Spirit of Mutiny and Difcontent, which poflelTed the
Stamen on lioani tluir Fleet '.

2. The I ith in the Afternoon, they were off the Jfland
of Brava, which is dcfart •, but, the Bottom Ix-ing rocky,
they could not faflm the Anchors ; lit that they tacked all
Night, till the next Morning, coaf\in[^ along, they fi.und
fome frefh Water •, but it was very hard to be got, becaufe
the Bottom was not good. However, t!ie Sloops of Beu-
riw^en and Bockbolt landed with empty Cafks, and filled
them witli Water, and returned I'afe on board, tho' it was
in the Night, anil the Ships were under Sail the mean time.
Captain de If^ent, embarking in the Admiral's Sloop,
went into a little f mdy Bay, where he landed ; and, roam-
ing about to tinil tome frefh Water, he faw fbme Porlu-
j^Uiff and Negroes coming to him. He fpoke to them at
a Dilfance, Ixeault' they would not appro.ich him, .anddc-
fired them to Ihew him where there w.is frefh Water, and
to fell him fbme I'ruit, if tluy had any. 1 hey told him,
that the I'renih anvi Englijh Ships ufed to come and fetch
fome fiefli VN at( r near that Plaie •, but they were always
iimier Sail. As to thi- Rcfiefhmcnts, they had none •, but
tli.y mipht find enoogii in the Ifland del Fuego ; and that,
it they had any, they durit not fell them without the Go-
vernrir's Leave, who n liileit ujwn the Mountain. After
tiiat tli( y retired. Captain de ireert, luving viewed feveral

■ TliLN hi- hetn .itw.iys clliimul otic of the t<-ll wriitrn, uml moll curious, of all ttie DutJ.- Voyages i bui what has betii hitherto publillicd
fi<im it in 111 ColitttiotM, hit bttli uiil'crably iiniKrlcct : We thtrtf'ore give it at large.

N iMii. J. L int<)

Places, found at laft Four or Five little ruined Houfcs.
The Door of one of them being (hut up with Stones, he
broke it open, and found it full of Turkey Wheat. He
ftaid himlelf in the Houfe, with Three of his Men, to
keep it ; and fent the Sloop on board, to give notice of it
to the General, fearing the Pertuguefe woultj come in the
Nijght to t, ke it away •, but, by good Luck, the fmall
Ship belonging to the Bifhop of St. Thomas, taken by the
Dutch in Praya, being arrived in the Bay, and lying at
Anchor, de ll^eert tranfporteil all the Wheat thither. They
were all Night doing it, bscaufe there were but Flight of
them to carry it ; and, having no Sacks, they made ufe
of their Breeches. They alio took in the fame Place Two
great Tortoifes, which h;ul above 600 Eggs in their Bel-
lies, and m.u.le many good Meals of them. The Portugtiefe
and the Negroes, having Notice that fame Nigl-.t, that the
Dutch were carrying away their Corn, came down tlie Moun-
tain, and made a heavy Noife ; but de Weert, who had but
Two F'ufils, fired on them, and made them retire.

3. When the Vvhcat was on hoard the Ship, the Captain
and his Men went to reft themlclves. The next Day, de
IVeert landing again, the Pertuguefe came down to fpeak
with him. Tliey complained, th.it he had taken their Corn
without Reafon i that they had no Viifluals, and were re-
duced to the Danger of ftarving with Hunger. Tiit Cup-
tain told them, That he was very well informed, diat this
Wheat lay there near the Road, to be tranfported to St.
lago ; that he could not believe, that, living upon the
Mountain, they would keep their Provifions near the Shore ;
however, he was ready to pay for it dearer than they could
fell it at St. lago, provided they would (hew him frefh Wa-
ter i that they might eafily excufe themfclvcs to the Go-
vernor, and fay, the Dutch had taken their Corn by Force,
and fo might keep the Money to themfelves. The Portu-
guefe, fecming to like thefe Reafons, promifed the Captain
to (hew him a Place of fre(h Water on the other Side of
the Ifiand, whither they would go, and make a Signal with
Fire-, but they were not as good as their Words. De IVeert,
coming on board again, found the Admiral very tick, and
the Council a(rembled ; and that his Opinion was, not to
ftay any longer. He alfo refigned his Command to the
Vice-admiral, and defired the whole Fleet to obey him,
ordering, that his Ship fliould bear the Fl.-ig in the Day,
and have the Light hung out in the Night. The Vice-
admiral, having taken Advice of the Captains, was inform-
ed of the Quantity ot Water that was in each Ship ; and it
was ordered, that thofe, that had the moft, (hould give to
the others; and that the Proportions of Viduals fhould be
leflenetl : But, becaufe they could not get frefh Water in
Three or Four Months Time, without a long Stay, the
Seamen had Orders to gather the Rain-water, and be good
Hulliands of it. The Proportions of Wine were alfo abated,
and, becaufe the greatcft Part of the Admiral's Ship's Crew
were fick, they refblved that each Ship fhould take in
Two or Three of them, and exchange them for the fame
Number of found Men.

4. September 15. the Fleet failed South-eaft with a North-
eaft Wind. The 22. the Admiral fired a Gun, and put up
the Sttrn-fiag, as a Signal for the Captains to come on board
his Ship. 'Ihere they found their Admiral very fick of a
Burning Fever, and out of Hopes of Recovery. Flis Su-
jKrcargo Daniel Refteau was alfo very fick ; and both of
them died the next Night.

5. The Lof's of the Admiral was lamented by the whole
Fleet. He was of a mild and fweet Temper, honell, care-
ful, diligent, and very kind to the Seamen. He was put

j«

mxoYhoinof

l^ook I.

! 11

:i'

■s
i

iino a Coffin half- full of Stones ami thrown into the Sea,
witii the uliial Ceremonies. 1 Ir- Council being an<inblc-d,
tiioy opened the Lctti-rs irf tht Utiictois, ami titht-r I'articJ
concerned, which wcr^orderivi to lie uikihiI in furha Cafet
and found, that the Vicc-adinii.il was to luitad the Admi-
lal, it he fhould ilif, tlurctorc he was ai knowl«i};ed Ad-
nural, and BeiiniiigeH N'iic-ailninal •, Sehht Je Ifeert was
made Captain oi Beumngen\ i^hip, and Dirkt (Jtrm(fz
Lkina Captain of the Yai hr.

6. On t"hc 28th, the new General, being on board his okl
SJiip, give tlw Signal to coRii- to him, whirc all the Offi-
cers took the Oaths, and the Captains their Forts. The
i.jth, rlie GciKial went on board tlic Admiral, and each
Capt.iin on biard their new Ships. Such an Alteration did
not pitoii: the St-anitn, who were very well (atislicd with
their old OfHcem. After that, the Ships failed South-e»rt
by .Soiitli, and South well, till Oa»btr 4. at wliich Time
they run Wtll Souiii-wcft v and, the 6th, they Hood Eaft
South-cart. Tije liuiie Day the Fidelity made a Signal to call
thi- CapLiins on board herj but, the Wind being too rtrong,
the Vkc admiral only went to vifit him. The Scurvy raged
lb much amongrt tiie Seamen, and efpccially on board the
Admiral, that moll of his Men were fKk of it. This ob-
liged the General to appoint a particular Day of Prayer in
<.ach Ship, to implore lioii's Mercy, and a happy Voyage.
They were then in 1° 45' South Latitude. At length the
Scurvy incrtaltd lb mucli, that the Admiral had not Men
enough to work his Ship, i he other Ships were almoll in
the fame Condition i therefore the Council rcfolvcd to Hand
in to fomc Irtind, in order to get Irelh Provifions. Accord-
ingly they rttcred tow.irds the Illand of AimoboH, or Nohii,
whjrc they thou^tht to tind trelh Meat and Oranges. About
Night, the Admiral, who (ailed before, fired a Gun, to let
them know he law tlie Land, tho', according D) the Oi^inion
of all the I'llot-s thiy ought to have been 100 Ixagucs olif
it. As foon AS the Gun was heard, the Shijis dilcovered
I jnd, and anciiored upon the Coaft of MamcoKgo, in 3'
South Latituiie. There they bft the litde Ship belonging
to Sr. I'bcmM, with Eleven found Men, who were fcen no
more. Some tliought they had defcrted \ others believed
they run aground, and were drowned : But they heard atter-
waids, that, liaving tailed a k)ng while in thofc Seas, they
anived at the Ca;ie oi Lopes Gonfalvts, where they quitted
their Ship, and went on boarti the Ship of Baltazar AIou-
eiptrcn, who was bound lor America.

7. Sovetttixr 4. in the Morning, the Captains went on
bi ard the A»'mital, and the Vitc admiral was commanded
to land *iti) hs SHK)p and Ca.no;- to view die Country, and
Jfc whether )"• coukl find a good Road for the .Ships :
,\pprt)ac!ung the Siiorc, he tound the Sea breaking with
Jci(.:i Violent e, that the Sioop had much ado to go over
the W.ivts, anil riwcd along the Sliore all Night without
dncovrrin^; aj.y tJiini^but Irccs. The next Day he return-
ed on Itau! t,ir .Admiral i and, after he had given an Ac-
count of what In- h.id fcen, ihi y refolved to Itccr for Cape
Lepa Gcnfalit!, iiiuate in 30" South Latitude. Thry liad
anchored in a v.ry baii Bottom, where the Ships were
driven from tluir Anchors, and one ol the Mukrs of the
Ai'.chor cl tiic I'aitb wai broken. The 6th, at the Break
ot Day, thiy failcvt again, coailing along, and calling An-
chor every Nif^i.!. On the yth, th'.7 arrived on the Coofl
cf Ouinn, wtiere they law Ibme Negroes, and fpoke to
f.hcm : i he J>uttbQa.\r them Inull Giafs Wares ; but, lee-
ing lo many Men, and being afraid, they ran away in the
N.ghr. The General, laving tound a convenient Place tor
die ^iick, lent ti.cin ihitiier, and each Captain lukl his own
i^iarter. Capt.un Rotkbolt comn^antled the little Camp,
und he liad, Ixlides tlic lick, luine fouiul Men to defend
ir. The next l)jy, the Admital lent the Viec-admiral to
wait on the King ol that Country with lorn; I'rcknu, in
t.n!< r to procure Pnjv.fiuiii : But h: tame back the 1 :th,
and bn^ught ncthin;^ bjt a i len, .uid a lew Platanes or Ba-
li, j-.as ; lo that they wee lurcetl to be contented with a
tew 1 letb', tiiry tu'jnd in ili 1 iclds, as Crellirs, Sea Par-
lley, fonK Apples witliont any niajiii<r of lalle, and lui h-
hke Vidtual^ ; they lud iiuleeti I'icniy ot Pilb, and more
thiin they t(juld cat. The 20! Ii, the Viee-adiniral lell
lick ol a Burning l-Vver, iliatcviry IxMy del|uired ol his
J-ife i iivwcver, alter a lung lilncfi, lie recovered.

3. On the i^d, Dhck V.rhiiftii'i Sloop came mto tlir
Road, the Pilot of which was a FrenclHmn, and had lived
ak>ng while with the Negroes, and in the Service of dii-ir
King V lb that he could Ipcak a little of their Language.
He i)romifed ths Duiib to obtain of the King all the Pro-
vifions they wanted •, upon which, the Genital fent Cap-
tain deH'^eeri, wiih Two Sloops along with him, to fptak
to the King. lliS Majcfly, having Notice ot" the deligned
Vifit, put himfelt in the fincft Dret and litjuipage he
could to receive him : Di H'^etrt, being intnxluccti to tlie
King, found him, with his Attendants abowt him, fitting
upon a Stool a Foot high, like a Shoemaker's Stool, an I
a Shccp's-skin under his Feet \ he Iwd a purple Cloth Co.ir,
embroidered with falfc Gold without Lining, which looked
like a Pilot's W atch-coat \ he had no Shirt, no Shoes, no
Stockings, but a kind of a Cowl or Cap upon his Head,
which was yellow, red, and blue : He lukl his Face pow-
dered all over with Arties to appear whiter ; but one inigiu
for all that fee, that he was black. For a royal Ornament,
he had about his Neck a Glafs Bead Necklace -, hu Gcn-
demcn fat round about him, their Skins were all over
painteil with Red, and their Heads covered with the Fea-
thers of Cocks. By the King's Seat was another little
St(X)l, covered with a Mat tor the Dutch Captain, who,
having faluted him after the F'artiion of the Country, fat
down by him. He told him, by his Interpreter, the Oc-
cafiun of his coming thither i and complained, thatthcln-
lubiiant.s, widiout any Pretence or Rcafon, had Iclt their
Habitations, and run away : That the Duub were their
Friends, and only came into his Country to trade fairly with
them, infomuch that they might fafely return to their own
Dwellings again : 'I'hat the Duub ofiered to make an Al-
hancc with them, and with tiie King, wltom thry would
vilit often \ that they woukl bring all Things the Inhabi-
tants wanted, and defired them to let them have the
necelTary I'rovifions and Refrelhments, fuch as Fruit,
howls. Sheep, and other Cattle, tiering to give to the
Natives in Exchange any of the Mcrelundize they had on
board their Ships. The King, having heard, with great
Attentioti, Captain dt fVetri's Speech, told him. That the
DuJeb were very welcome mto his Country, and that he
would order they (hould be iupplied with all NecclTanes
they wanted. Then he brought Je If'tert into hii Palace,
wluch was more like a Cow-rtall : There the King gave
him a Kkl, and a few Bananas, for fmall Pieces ot Limn
Cloth and Iron. While they were preparing fomething to
eat, the Captain's Five Trumpeters and Mufieians fouiidtd
and played hnciy : The King was mightily plcal'ed at that j
but lie ik'etrl^ who was hungry, would have been better

Slcali:d to have had fome Viduals. After a long while, the
.ing's Wives bioughr, in a wooden Difh, fome Bananas
nulled, and dried or fmoked Fifh, or rather Pieces of a
Sea-horie, of whidi the King eat but Ibberly, and the Cap-
tain hardly tafted them, being not as yet ufol to fuch Vic-
tual. Then they prel<:nted lum Palm-tree Wine, a fort ot
Drink tliat is very unjileuTant to thole that are nut uled to it.
The King intrcated de H tert feverol times to eat j the
Dilh being taken away, they fcrved nothing ellc. The
Captaui was the iiH>re furprifed at to lender a Fcall,
becauli: he taw the King llrong, and in better Health tlan
thole who live in Plenty of all rhing.i, and eat the belt
of Viv^uals. D* IVurl, who wao very hungry, told the
King he woukl treat lum with lome ot the I'rovifions he
hail brought widi iiim : Su the Dtud laid a Napkin, and
fcrvtil up a Piece of Biead, with fmokcil Beet, Cheele,
and a Butlc of Sack. 'I'hc King liked their Viduals iu
well, tlut he cat heai tily, and ilraiik lo much, that Itc was
obliged to go to lltep. in the mean while, the Captain
took a Walk about the Town, which had not at>out 200
Houfes in it. .About Fvcning, not feeing the King, he-
thought to have r. turiKd on board hisSkx>p with his Men,
in order to '^iiy dierc all Night -, but he law a great Num-
ber ot Negroes, armed with Bows and Arrows, who hail
{MireH'cd thrmlches of the Avenues, and would n<K kt
them go. The Captain, who lud no Aims but his Sword,
was extremely lurprited, and asked them what was thc
Matter : Ihry told him, it wah bccaufc one of his Men
lud lommitiedlijmc Difordcr in a Houle : Deiytert then
delircd them to llicw liim dtc Man, and he would pu-

mih

Chap. I.

E B A I. D D K

HER f /

hirti him. But it was only a Pretence j the tnie Meaning
was, tliey were afraid the Dutch would come in in the
Night, and taicc away the King, and his Retinue. The Dutib
Captain went bdck into the Palace \ but they told him,
the King was not there : Upon which, fiaring the Negroes
had an ill DeHgn, he refolved to force his Way to his
Sloop. The Noife awakened the King, who came out of
his I'aljcc naked, and quarrelled with them, but they did
not feem much concerned at iiis Anger. De IVerrl told
him the Occafion of their Difpute : The King defired him
to (lay with him, on Condition that his Men, or I'art of
them, Ihi.uid have the Liberty to ^o on board their Sloop.
So he ftaid in the Town with Eight of his- Men. The Ne-
groes, thinking themfclves not liifc enough, would not per-
mit de H'ttrt to be with the King -, therefore they con-
duced him into another Houfe, and kept a Watch all
Night about him. I'he next Morning, the Captain going
out of the hioufe to wait on the King, an old Woman
came to him, nnd kwked him in the Face : She had a Box
in hi?r Hands, covered with loofe Leather, which was tall-
ened to it iiki- the Leather of a Pair of Bellows, and, turn-
ing Three times rouml about him, muttered Ibme Words,
•mi beat at the fame time the attended Leather with her
Hand, which occaTtoned the flying of fome Afhes out of
the Box upon the Captain's Cloths ; nobody knew what
ihe meant by it, or what fhe intended to do ; but dt ff^eert
ami the Negroes laughed at her. At laft the Negroes
brought fome B.uunas, Two Goats, and Four Pullets, to
exchange with the DiUcb : I'he Captain took them, and,
feeing ne could expedt nothing elfe from fuch a People,
took his Leave of the King, and went on board again :
But, while Iw was in the Town, fome of his Men went in-
to the Wowis, and killed a wild Boar, Two BuflFis, and
<ume I^rds, which were diftributed to the Sick.

c). Tlic Gener.d went afliorc every Day to vifit thcfe
poor Men Morning and Evening, taking an extraordinary
Care of them, and fupplying tliem with all Necellaries.
Dumbtr 4. a Ship named the Mart, arrived in the Road
from the Jtba del Printift, and the next Day the Yatch of
jMurtnee Chriftitm came into the fame Road from the fame
illand. Some of the Sick recovered, but many that were
well lirli Gck, becaule the Air was very unwhollbmc ;
therefore the Gcnen , having loft Sixteen of his Men,
who died there, refolved to quit the Country. Detember
8. the whole Crew came on board, and the fame Day Cap-
tain de IVeert fill fick oft a Fever, which kept him Two
Months a-bctl. Tlic 9th, trie Fleet failed towards the
liliind of AHHobon, with a Defign to land in it, becaufe
tiu! Sickncis contunii d and increaicd among them. On the
2<>th, in the Alternuun, they arrived under that Idand :
The Ailmval having detached Two Sloops with Captain
Dirrick to go on Shoie, tlie Porlugucfe and the Negrties
oppoffd them : But Dirrick telling them they were come
as Fricnils, and only to buy Rrtreihments, they promtfcd
to fupply them \ but it being too late to go and fpeak to
the Governor, tliey defired the Dutch to ftay till the next
Day, and then they would cert;unly turnilh them with I'ro-
vifmns.

10. On the 1 7th, in the Morning, they fent Two Sloops
alhoie •, but they found a great many Men armed with Fu-
fils, * ho told them, thar, if they came near the Shore,
thi7 would look upon thrm as Enemies. The (icncrai,
having Advice of it, armed all the Sloops, and fent thim
mhnre under the Command of Captain Bockbolt, and the
S( I Jrant m-ijor ; thi- Sloops ma<k: to the Shore in Order,
Two fin the Left Hand, and the reft on the Right : But the
Pirtu^utfr, and the Rlacks, who had carried away every
tiling out of their Huts in tlic Night, fet them all on
I ire, ami, abandoning tlu ir Fort, retired into the Moun-
tains. The Shon- being Irci, the Aitmiral ortlerctl, that
all the Sick (hould land ; The .Seamen, who longed to cat
fome Fruit, went about thr Illand to grt fome Bananas
aiui Oranges, which arc plentiful thtrc: Ibit the Perluguefe,
wliofpial them, killed Ibnn- of them : Aid the lyth of
the fame Month they niurvU red one, whom they expolcd
in the Highway to inlult tlic Dutch. Ihe General, to
pri-vcnt fuch Accidents, lorbad any Seaman to go alone
and difarnied to feck for Fruit Witliowt leave: But his
Command bcinjj not oL)cyod, to the great l^tjudicc ot tliofe

that flighted his Order, lie raiifed a Gibbet to be fst up,
to fright fhole who Ihould be li> bold* for the future,
as to dildbey him. Then lie fent a Party of his Men,
well armed, who brought into llieir little Camp Tw< nty-
fcvcii Heail of Cuttle, which Prilr was more agreeable to
them, than if they had takrii fome of their Fnemies Pri-
foncrs i howi vtr, tluy were 16 catclclii, they loft the belt
Part of their Booty. I'he i4tli, the Admiral detached an-
other Party of 1 50 Men, with Orders to ailvance into the
Country, and to the Mountain, where they found the Pcr-
tuguefe intrenched, who fell upon thrm, and put them in
Diforder : However, the /Jk/i/', lofnig no CourajT, conti-
nued their March up the Mountain, and found 1 wo Paf-
fages ; upon which they divided in Two Companies, who
got up to the Mountain by caili ol tlicli; Ways, with
much Fatigue : Being advanced pretty nigh, the Portu-
guefe Ihot at them, aiitl threw down many Stones ; Cap-
tain de IVeerl'h FVilign, who led them, was killed with a
Mufquet-fliot, anil many more were wounded : But the
Dutch, not difcouraged, |^ui up the Mount.iin, put the
Enemies to Flight, and took the Fort, where they found A
Ton of Bifcuit hid under (jral!), Two /)«/(* Cheefcs, and
fome F.arrhen Pots full i)\' Spitmjh Wine. I'hey burnt the
Two HouI'ds that were near the Fort, wiiich wtrv,- full of
Cotton V anil, after this l'lx[icdition, returned to their own
Camp.

1 1 . The Air of the Ifland of /timohn being worfj than
that of Cuittty, the Dilcil'es anion(^', the Seamen encrcalbd
every Day i therefore 'Jmmttry i. 1509. ihiy rclblved to
put to i>ea \ but, before their i)eiiarture, tluy buried their
IX-ad, and burnt the Huts, and the Church. Ihe next
Day they failed for the Strright of .KfogeUan, with a De-
fign to ftop no-wheie elle. I'lv lad, they pnilld the
Shelves and Rocks ot Brii/il, culled by the Poriuguefe ylb-
cotbos. March 9, one ul the Viie-admiial's Seamen, who
had feveral timci broken ojien the t ook's Cupboard, and
ftolen Bread, was, by Council, condemned to be hanged
on the Bowfprit Maft, Alxjut that Time th^ Sick began to
be better, ami they got fo good Stomachs, that their Share
was not iiifficient. The nth, the Fleet being near the
Kie de Plata, the Sea Hi)|)carcd us red as Ulowl : They
drew up fome of the Wuicr, and found Abundance of
fmall red Worms in it, which leaped out of it like Fleas i
fome are of Opinion, chat thefc Worms come out of the
Whale's Belly in certain Seafons of the Year. F'iglit Days
after, an Englift> .Seaman died llrangely on board the Fi-
delity : He was eating very heartily, when, on a fudden,
he fell down upon his Buck, rolling his Kye.t, foaming and
f|)eeihlefs, ami expired in that Conditicn. Two Days
alter, a young Man of Ulrtcbl lell fuk of the fame Diftem-
per, and was hkc a Mailman, tiiting, lighting, andlcratch-
ing every body : 1 le was 1 .irncd into Ins Cabin, where he
was rhree Days and Three Nights without eating: The
fourth Day he began to nuiifcr lomc Words, and devoured
a Bilcuir they gave him, but ui tail he died miferably -, for
he wiLs io r.nleiefs, that he < ould not clean himfcif, or void
his F.xcrenviiis in a regular Way : and it being then very
cokl, the Moilhirf tliat was aliout him freezed, and be-
numbed his liflh, inliiiiuidi that thi-y were Ibrced to cut
off his l-tgs,

12. Jptll), the Ships got into the .Strcight •, .ibout
F.vcning tliey call Anchor under the Icall of the Two
iflands 1)1 PeiiguiHj, Fuurteen 1 .eti(-;ues off the Mouth ot
the .Streight \ there tluy liiw great <^iantitics of thofc
Birds called Pliingeons, beeaule ihry dive into the Water
to catch l-irti: Tliry killed I hiilrrn or fourteen with
Sticks, and could have killed enow for th(|' whole Fleet, but
that they would not lol'e Time, nor the Op|H)rtunity of tlic
fair Wind. The glli, thry pui to Sea a^!,ain, .•uul the next
Day the General lint liliy Men alhuie, to tee whether
they could find any Inhaliiiaiufi and t.attle •, but, having
walked about Three l.eagueialonf, the Sea Side, they found
nothini, On the 1 jth, tliry uirivrd in a line Bay, Ona-
aml-twtnty l.cagutsolV the Mouth ol the Streight, called
by tlte hHt^ltJh, Mujl'tl HiIy, beeaulc of the great Q^uantitics
of Mullels tound ihcie, In that Place tluy provided them-
li:lves with fielh Water mid VSood, which are there very
plentiful. The 1 7fh, they failed between Two rocky
Coalts, and lay lo wluli', and lb high, that they tliought

they

um.i

7hc V o Y A c;; e s of

Ecok 1.

•:<'

they flwiiltl nfvcr pet i]uoi(;li. The Mounrains were
rovcral with Snow. 1 In- i Stli, they call Anclior in a
Bay to the Noithwaui in 54 Kititiide, calloii the C<rtat
Bay : In iIk Mit,ldlc ol it .nc 1 hrec rmaii Maniis, the
leall of which lies to the li.illward •, the Ciround in that
Bay is very gtxxi, and ot a line Sand. In tiicfe Flacfs
there grow a great Quintity ot Trees, (Pimento) re
lembling Bay-tnxs, only they arc a little higher, and the
Bark is much bitterer, having', as rtiong a Taftc as I'eppcr.
H«rc they law abundance ot MuHcIs, lome of tlum were
u Span long, and, when they were Iwiletl, the Flefli of
Three of them weigh'il a I'ound. The Wind being con-
trary, the Ships lay at Anchor till the 2 jd oi /lugujl, with-
out taking the Sails oft' the Yards, tliat the Ships might
be ready to fct Sail. In the mean while they luficml
much by the coKl Weather ; they loft above 100 Men,
and, amongft others. Captain Bofkbelt, who was fuc-
cectied by BaJtazar dt Cordis : Befidcs, the Storms were
lb frequent and violent, that the Ships could not lie at
Anchor, and the Seamm were forcetl to Ix* (ontiiuially at
work to keep them right : Thiy were likcwite obliged to
go a/horc in the Rain, Snow, and i lail, to get in fome
Irelh Water, W(K)d, Muflcls, and fuch other i'n.vilions
as they could tind, which fatigued them extremely.
The vScarcity of Victiuls was lb great, ami the Climate lo
Iharp, that they wore ainioll ftaivcd with Hunger and
Cold, the rough Climate rtmieiing their Appetites lb Lcii,
that they were almoll iiiUtublc, oiul eat Roots and other
'rtiings raw, without ftaying to li.ive them dnlRd. The
j;rcatcrt Part of the Seamen wanted Watch-coats, and
other Cloathing, t(j fiiui)ort liie Fatigue of the \\ atch,
and the daily Work •, for they had maile no Provifion ot
them, thinking to go into an hot Country, where they
(hould have no need nf them. TorcdreftthisGnevance,
the General diftributed to every one Pieces ot Clotli -, and
all the Cai>tains were ortlercd to be prefent, with a Cane
in tlieir Haruls, when their Seamen cat tiieir Meals, becaufc
many of them would fell their Sluirc ot Viduals at a great
Kate, and, upon that Score, chufe rather to be without
it, and fill their Stomachs with raw MulTels, arui green
I lertis, which oicafioned Dropfies, and rctluced them at
laft to a languilhing and dying Condition. But the Officers
wer.* lb caretiil, ani'. lb exact, in diilributing the Proportk>n
of Viduals, tha' the 2 2d oi .Iprtl Iwo Seamen of the
Yacht were comlcmned to I>ath for luving ftoln fome Oil
in the Hokl of the l.ime Yacht ; however, there was but
one of them hangcil, and the other was whipt.

ij. May ~. the Vice-admiral was detached with Two
Sloo[)fi into an IHand over-ogainil the (Jreen Bay, to catih
fome Sea-dogs. I le found Seven Canoes, or fmall Boats,
withSavageson board, that were IVn or Eleven Foot hiyh,
OS well as he could oljrcr>T, of a reiidilh Colour, and with
long Hair. As fo<jn as thcfe Natives law the Sloops, they
ran alhore, aiul threw fo many Stoms at the Duub, that
they liudl not come near the Shore •, when they faw that
the Dulch durll not approach, they got into tlieir Boats,
and rowed with great (Jutciics towards the Sloops. The
Vice-admiral let them advance within a Mul'quet-lhot, and
then comnunded his Men to make a general Difchargc ;
they killed Four or 1- ive ol them, which lb trightiii the
reft, that they run aflioie aj^am ; tlien they pull'd up, with
tliiir HaniK, lonie Trees, wimh atar olV appeared to be
a S\M\ thick ; but the Vite-aJmiral ehole to let them alone,
and to return on Ixiord. Tlic :6th ot the lame Month,
lome Seamen went alhorc to k>ok lorMullels, Roots,
Herbs, and fuch VktuaJs .is tlu y toiild lind. Being fepa-
rated one (roni another, a Cunipany of Savages fell on a
ludden upon them, Ivilloi Three, ami wounded Two.
Tliey tore in Pictcs the tiift I'lirec , uiui were going to do
tljc like to the wounded I wo, it Captain de Cordes had not
come to ihur Relict. rhele .Savages were ail naked, ex-
cept one, who lud a Sea-dog Skin alwut his Shoylders.
They had wo<xien Javelin% wiiicii th. y threw with great
Strength anu Dixicrity •, tiie I'oint w.is like a Cramp-iion,
ued to tlie Arrow with Sea do;;-, duLs, and wouiil run lb
tar into the Flclh, tliat it wai .ihuoft itiipjfl'ihlc tu get it
out. While the lleet was in that IHand, the General
ordered the Shnip to be put ujon the Stocks to be altered

c ''I ill. ;iliii>k> tu ibc Hi

into a I'innacc : Siic was named tiir PtJIiUsrii and the
Seconil I'llot of the Admiral was Mafterof her. Captain
de H'ecrt, luving no more Provilions lor Broth, anil being
obliged tt» give Biliuit to make fome, landed July 17. to
catch Sea-dogs •, while he was alhore, io great a Storm
arofe from the North-weft, that he was obliged to ftay
Two Days and Two Nights without being able to come
on board his Ship again, and could catch nothing.

14. .hgufi I. the General ordered all the Officers am!
Seamen to Land \ and, though the Show was pretty thick
upon the Shore, he would have the Minifter to lay Prayers,
and make a Sermon, tu thank God Almighty, that he h,-id
prcfcrved them in fo dangerous a Voyage, and to beg his
Afliftance for the Time to come. The great Sufferings
they had endur«t in that Bay, then called the Grten Bay,
and the \aA of 120 Men who died there, made them
name it the Bay of it Ctrdts, becaufc de Cerdts was their
Admiral, when they were aflfli^ed with thele Accidents :
And, in cflfct^t, they went thitxigh the grtateft Hartllliips
in the World i for, befides Hunger and Cold, they were
expofal to the Injuries of the Air, Winds, Rain, Snow,
and Hail, till the 23d of ^iiguft : Then they fet Sail with
a North-eaft Windj but the next Day the Weather was
lb calm, that they were obliged to put into a great Bay
lying Southward. To perpetuate the Memory ot fo dan-
gerous and extraordinary a Voyage into a Strcighr, into
which no other Nation had yet ventured to fail with fo great
ami fo many Shijis, the General erefted an Oalcr of Knight-
huoi!, and made the Six chief OHkrers Knights of ir.
They obliged thcmfelvcs by an Oath, never to do or con-
tent to any thing againll their Honour and Reputation,
whatever Dangcis or Flxtremities they fhoiikl be expofetl
to, not excepting Death itielt -, or to do any thing pre-
jiulieial to the Intertft of their own Country, or to the
Voyage thfy had already begun. They alio folemnly pro-
militl, they would freely expofe their I jves againft all
the Enemies of their Nation, and to ufe ail their Endea-
vours to profper the DuKb Arms, and conquer the Spanijb
Dominions, from whence the King of SfaiM got fo much
Gold and Silver to make War againft them in the Loiv
Countries, and opprefi them. This Ceremony was per-
formal aftiore upon the Eafterly Coaft of the Streight, as
well as the Place and the Occafion would permit it, and
the Order was named the Order of the Lien fit free :
They alio ere^ed a Table upon a high Pillar, on which
the Names of the Knights were written, and the Bay was
called The Bay ef Knights ".

15. The 28th, they failed out of that Bay, and put
into another litde one a League off. There they were be-
calmed again. Then the Admiral commanded de U^eert
to go aftiore with his Slotm, to remove the Table that was
fet up in tiie Bay of Kmghts, and tranfport it to a more
convenient Place. But as he thought to double the Point
ot the Bay, he faw above Eighty Savages fitting u{)on the
Ground, who had near them bight or Nine Canoes, or
little Boats % as foon as they faw the Skx>p, they made a
difmal Node, and Signs to invite the Seamen alhore. Bui
the Captain, who had but a fmall Complement of Men,
returned on board the Ship, The Savages, feeing him go
to his Ship, ran as faft as they could acrofs the Woods
along the Shore, hallowing ftill, and nuking Signs to the
Dutch to come aftiore. The General, being informed of this
Ailventure, fent immediately Three Sk»ps, well armed,
to the Shore, but they found nobody : Yet they faw the
Marks ot the Inhabitantt j for they had uken out of tin
Ground the Corpfc of the Dutchmen who had been l»urie<!
there, and hati barbaroufly disfigured them : And the
Table, which Capuin de fVeerl went to remove, was broken
by the fame Savages.

16. Stptftttier 3. evly in the Night, the Shi|» got out
of the Streight of Magellan, and failed into the South Sea
with a fair Wind. The 5th and 6th, they failed ftill with
a Nonh-eall Wind to the Weft North-weft, and kept .iJI
Six tog( ther, reckoning the Pofiilion one, till the 7th of
the fame Month, at which time they hod fine Weather :
But it did not laft longi for tlic Sea, which, in thol^
Parts, is often ftormy, began to fwell and rile lb high, that
the Viec-ailmiral was forced to lie by, and halt his SloOp

l.ion, whidi thtv rropofcd ftioiild be hcnccforwarJ fct at Libert/ fVgin the Sfai^'i Vbkt.

4>
■ff

Chap. I.

SeBALD bE WEERt.

on board \ and the Fidtlity wai obliged to do the fime :
Captain dt If'eerl was failing dofe after the Admiral, who
was bciore, when an Accident happened in the great
Yacht, that hail the Wind of the h'iJtUty^ which obliged
him to furl his Satis, and lie by with tlie Yacht, and the
fidelity, that had loft her Sloop. The Admiral continued
his Courfe, thinking the other Ships failed afcer him, and
that theFoghindenxi the Watch from feeing them i but the
Vice-admiral, who followed them, was alfo obliged to furl
Ins Sails i immediately after, the Fog was lb thick, that
they could not one Ice another, though they kept clofe
together. Stpitmhtr 3. the Two Yachts loft their Ships,
but ihcfe Three kept together till the next Day j then tlic
Atlmiral gave the Signal to lail with all the Suib, thinking
Two Yachts were gone before. Two or Three 1 lours
attcr they difcovcred them, and ftaid for them, with great
Joy. When tJiey were Joined again, Dircks Geriijz lent
tiic Pinnace, or die PoJiUioH, to the Admiral, to defire
him to t-nJ him his Car|)cnters \ but he could not, bccaule
they were fick : However, ihofe of La\it/xndetVeert and
de Ctrdes went, whkh proved a great Damage to their
.''liips, viz. the Faith, and die Fidtiity \ for tiiey never Ciw
tiieir Carpenters again, the Wind Ihifting on a fudden :
I'hen die Sea began to be fo ftormy, that the Yacht was
forccil to furl her Sails again, as well as the Vice-admiral
alio, who was ahead of the Faith; and tlic FideHty did the
like : But in the Nigltt the Yacht, and the Vice-admiral,
put up their Sails again, without making any Signal that
was ken by the Two other Ships, who continued to lie by,
being pcrfuided that the ^'ke-admi^al, and the Yacht, did
the tame. But, when the Day came on. tJic Captains of
the 'I'wo lirlt Ships were extremely troubled, at not feeing
the Two other Slups : Dt h'terl was very much concerned
to have no Mailer with liini, and but Two old Pilots, with
s few Seamen, who were lick and weak through the Cold
ami Dampnefs of tiic Weutiicr, tliough they had a good
I- ire hJight and Day.

17. On the 1 6th, the North-eaft Wind was fo violent,
that the Two Shijis ^ere every Moment in Danger of
(inking. The Ciallery of d»c F«i.>h cracked above an
inch, and the \N avv;s of the Sea beat (o much upon the
i'ldtliiy, that the Si-amcn were in Water above the Knees.
The other Ship was in no Icfs Danger i for (he hod (prung
■jL Leak, and lo (all of W atcr, that they were obliged to
pump Night and i3ay, and could Ijardly preferve her.
At laft, alttfr an exact Sc.irv.h, they tound the Leak, and
Ito'pt it. 1 heic Two Ship were Twenty-four Hours in
this deplorable Condition in the South Sea, fpooning all
the while, ami going without Sails \ bclides that the
Seamen were diii.-ontcnted, and grumbleti, though rach of
them had Two Ounces o\ dry Pi(h a Day, and a reafon-
able Share of Bifciiit. But they were fo hungry, that diis
*as not fulficicnt. They iiled to fill their Bellies with
MuiTets in the Streight, and could not brook the want of
them, fo that the Captains had much ado to pacify them.
The 26th in the Night, they fell in with tlicCoaft upon
the North Side of the Streight by a Miftake ; for Oiey
thougl\t they were Twenty Leagues off the Land. In
the Morning, the Crew of the Faith, dilcovering the
Land, were in great Danger \ for the Wind driving the
Sliip towards the Coaft, they faw Two Rocks juft before
them, which they (xxild not avcud, but by doubling them.
'I'he FiJtlity,thax was a great Way before, and now lay by,
hm\ not bt:en fo exjxifed ; for, having difcovered the Rocks
in time, Hie faileil on the other Side. They were Three
1 .eafjues oft" tlie Streight wlicn they faw the Land, and tlie
WVlterly Wind blowing fo hard, that they could not bear
ott", the Two Captains alblvcd to get into the Streight
attain, to (ind a gooil Road, and Hay for a fair Wind.
Thi-n they did not doubt, but they might overtake the
otlar Ships, wliich could not be far gone, feeing they had
screed together, that, in rale ot any Accident, they (houlil
tl.iy Two Months in the Ulaiid of Saula Maria one for
another. About I'.vening they arrived in the Soudierly
Point of the Mouth of the Streight, and were driven by
O.K Currer.ts Six or Seven Leagues off" into the Streight,
where they anchored in a very gooil Road, and had pretty
fair Weather till the laft of Siftember ; 'Ihcn the furious
Ciills of South-wcftcrly Winds forced them to diop

Numb. IV.

Three Anchors. The Summed ipproacliinR, they were
in Hopes of fairer Weather j but, for the Iwo Months
time they ftaid there, they had fcarcc a fair Day to ilry
their Sails. They called th!A}ia.y theBay ofTrcmkIt, becauli;
they endured therein for Twenty Days the greatelt I'rouble
and Danger imaginable, being obliged continually to go
afliorc to fetch (bmc (brry Nourifliment, fuch as a few
Birds, and fome MulTcls and Snails, that they found in the
Rocks.

18. Offeier i8. the Two Ships, not being able to fub-
fift any longer in that Bay, failed again a League farther
into the Streight, where they found a better Bay than die
laft, and caft Anchor upon the Coaft. 'I'lie 22d, they
were in Danger of pcrilhing by a violent Storm ; but,
about the Break of Day, a Calm fucceeded. The conftant
Work of the Seamen was to go afhorc to get fome
Viftuals, when it was kiw Water, and to fetch in fome
Wood and frefli Water, when the Tide came in ; fo that
they hail no time to dry themfelvcs, though they had a
good Fire Night and Day : In a Word, during the whole
Nine Months they fpent in that Streight, they had fcarce
an Opportunity to take the Sails oS" the Yards to dry them,
fo frequent were the Returns of Rain and Storms. In fo
deplorable a Condition they waited for better Weather ;
but, in the mean time, were cxpofed to Wet, Cold, high
Winds, and fuch other Inconveniences, which kept them
continually at Work. But, after all, they did better by
failing into die Main, which was fmooth, and wlicre no-
thing was to be fiared but Winds •, whereas, if they had
anchored in any Place, they would have been expoled to
the Surges and violent Waves of the'Sea, and the Anchors
could not preferve them from imminent Danger. The chief
Caufc of the Stamens imirniuring was, that fome of
them gave out, that there would not be Bifcuit enough for
their Return into Holland, if they continued here longer.
TheCaptain, having Notice of it, went intothe Bread-room,
and came out of it with a chearful Countenance ■, and told
the Seamen, that there were Bifcuit and Prbvifions enough
(or Fight Months, though, in Faft, there were not Pro-
vifions for above Four Mondis. But the Captain was
refolved to ftay rather a whole Year for the fair Weather,
than to go ; and, in cafe the Weather fliould continue as
bad as it was, he dcfigneil rather to (ail to the Eaft Indies
to look for the Fleet. At length, after they had ftiiid in
the Streight till the 21I of December, the Wind turned
North-eaft, and immediately they weighed Anchor. But,
being got i-catly to liiil, they could not get off" into the
Main, betaulo of the Whirlwinds riling between the Hills
and the Bottom of the Bay. The Fatth was driven ib
near the Land, that one coulil ftep to the Shore from the
Gallery, (b that they were in great Danger, and would have
certainly been loft, if the Wind had continued ftrong. The
next Day the Storm was quite over, and, at tbb-v/ater,
the Two Ships got out of the Bay, which they called the
Gofe Bay : But they went out inaufpicioully ; for, after
that, they never caft Anchor together, and that very Day
diey anchored Three Leagues farther under the Wind than
they had done before, and at a League off one from
another.

19. The 8th, they endured a more violent Storm than
ever ; the Wind was (b ftrong, that the Waves were Ibme-
times higlier than the Marts i and the Storm lafted Two
Days. On die loth, the Wind finking, Captain de IVeert
went into his Sloop, in order to board the Fidelity ; but,
having doubled the Point, he (aw no Ship, or any Signs
of a Shipwreck -, lb he went back, full of Sorrow, The
next Day, he rowed towards a Gulph, where he faw a Mali
near a low Point. Then his Sorrow gave place to Joy i
for he went on board the Fidelity, and told them what Ap-
preheniions he had been under. He was obliged to leave
his little Boat, to help to hale the Anchors and the Cabks,
which the Fidelity had loft. Then he took his Leave, in
order to return to his own Sliip ; but he little imagined,
that it was the laft Farewcl, and that he Ihould never lee
Captain de Cordes again. The frcouent Storms, and other
Inconvcniencies, having dil'couragcd tlic Seamen, who were
out of Hopes of ever returning into Hvlland, and who
thought dicy (liould ftarve for want ot Provifions, Captain
de IVeert, the next Day, which was Sunday, invited them

M *11>

Tte V OY kGES of

Book I.

'^i}

oti, hut thefc that wpre fifk, to a grrat Dinrw of *G<*fc,
Ducks, and other Birds, that they Jiad kilW. While they
were merry at Dinner, the Ciptain exhorted them to have
l^«ticnce ; and reprelentcd, that God Almighty never for-
likei thofc, who jmt thtjr Truft in him. He aifo thanked
them for their fidrlity, and the Services and Hardftips
they had run thro" till now. 'i'hi» Speech proved very el-
triftiul \ for the Seamen took Courage again, and rowed
towardt the Wefterly Fart of the Bay, to go alhore, and
frtih fome ^'iLhla!s. As foon as they had doubled the
Point, they liw I hrec Canoes, with Savages on board them;
who, prrniving the Sloop, went immediately aftiore, and
liTainblcd up to the Tops of the Mountains, like Monkeys.
Ihc Duuh went on Ixxird the Canoes, ami found only a tew
yuing I'itiiigrniis, wooden Cirapples, wild Bralh Skins, and
other liftl. rhir^s of no Value, which ilu-y left in the
Boats. Ihf n tlwy went alhore, to fee whether the Sa-
vages h.id Iml any tlung. They faw, on the Foot of the
Mountain, a NVonun, with Two Children, vA\n did what
Ihe could to run away v but Die was taken, with both her
Childicn, and ciriicil onboanl, without Ihewing any Con-
cern at all. She w.is ol a middle Size, with a big Belly,
of a rcildilh CcNiur i her Countenance was very hcrce, aiul
her Head was Ih.ivnl, according to the Fafhion of that
Comitty ; But the Men have k>ng Hair, and never cut it.
For Ornanirnt, llie had Snails Shells lunging about In r
Nrck, and a Sea ili^g's Skin about her Shoukitrs, tied un-
der hrr riiioat with GutHnngs. The reft of her Bo<ly
was naked, li<r Bnalh hanging down like Cows IMdirv.
Her Moutli was wide, her L.cgs crooked, and hrr i Icels
very long. She would eat no Iwilcd or roaftal Meat, and
therefore thry s'avc her fonic ot the Birds thry caught in the
Cantjes v wIikK Ihe took, and, luving plucked the k>ng
Festhers, (he opened them with Muflel-lhells, cutting them
firll behind the Riiiht Wing, and then above the Stomach.
AlttT that Ihf drew the Guts out, and, having laid the
I ivrr a little upon the Fire, eat it aimed raw. Sheclcanwl
the Cii/.zard, and e.«t it quite raw, .is well as the reft of the
Bird. Hrr Children eat alter the fame manner i one was
a (nrl about Four Years old, and the other a Boy Six
Months old, who liail the greatcO Part of his Teeth, and
could go alone. She look»-d very grave and fcrious, while
'Ihe wai eating, tho' the Seamen burft out with laughing.
Atr<T her M.al, (he fat dowr. upon l»er Heels, like an Aj>r -,
ainl, when (he flrpt, (lie was all in a Heap, holding the
young Infant N tween hrr Arms, with his Mouth to her
Brcalt. They krj.t '.er Iwo Days on board, but, the
14th, the Wejthcr Ix-ing fair, the Captain fent her afliore
again, and pave iier a Gown, a Cap, and (ilat-beads for a
NrckLac^- and Bracelet". 1 1<- alfo prelentevl her with a little
Fooking-glafs a Knife, a Nail, an Awl, and other Toys
ot (hull \ alue, with which fhc was extremely plrafed. They
ttllu cloatlieii tlic B<jy with a green (iown, and trimmeti him
finely wiiii dla!' Ixci's ot all Colours ; but thry carnal the
(iirl to /-Imfindnm, where Ihe die<i. The Mother was vrry
much concertud at the keeping of her Girl : However, the
svcnt into the Sl'joo, witlwKit any Rrfilbncc, or any Noifc
to have the Girl again. J hey larricd h< r afhorc a I .<ague
\Veilw,ir.i o!V tlie Shij , c, the Place flit j)omtcd at. There
the Scinun lound lire, .md lome .Anns and Utciifils 1
whah ni.Vie tiiem b<lieve, that the Savag<s ran away at the
Sight of the Sloop. When thejr were come on board again,
fo violent a Storm arofc on a fuddcn, that they were all
frightened out of their Wm. The Surges of the Sea role
higher thnn the Mafts, and tcjlTcd the Ship with inch
Force, tlut It w.is a Mir.icle flic was not overturned, and
Ipht to I'l.ces. However, by the tirate of (icKl, fhc got
<.ut ot that Bay, which they tailed the Uitfortuntttt Bay.
'llic next Day about l.vcning, liiry taft Anchor in the
Chantrl ; iiut tluy were f;irpnlcd to lite the Aiiehor without
a Buoy ; but the Wcatlur was fo violent, that they durll
not venture to put (jn,- to it. 'Ijus Accident obligeil the
Scaincn to fail Ixtore tlie Wind into the Bay de Cordes,
firuated in the Middle oi tl;e Sireight, and about Four-
teen or Fittecn I^.igucsoft the I'lace where they were, be-
raufc thc7 knew that Bay had a good liouom for Anchor-
age. With this View they <-oalled almig .Southward, that
they might be teen by the I idtlity. When they got into
the Muitth of the Bay, ilit y tired a Gun, to give Notiic to
i

the Captain, thaf they were Come •, and they imagined he
hail alk) tired another Gun, ai a Signal of his hearing them.
Llfxin this, the Failb continue*! her Courte, thinking tin-
other Ship followed her. Altho' ihey carried only a Fore-
fail, the Strength ot the Wind drove ihcm fo faft, that
they were torceil to faften the Sloop to the Ship with Two
great Flalfers or Cables, to make their Courfc llowerv but
the rolling Waves broke the Two great Cables, and they
never faw the Slooji again.

ao. This was a great I^fs ■, for the Seamen, having no
Sloop, could not go athore to get any Provifions. 1 1,:
next Day, Ditmi>tr 16. they difcovered a Sloop to th--
Wellward, making towards them. Some of them thougiu
it was Captain df Cordii'% Sloop ( txhen imagined it th.-
Sk>op of a Ship Ix-longing to the Fleet, that was come into
the Streight, or an Engli^ Sloop i but others guctTed Ut-
ter, thinking it was Olivtr dt Nnrt't Sloop going to mret
the Ftiik, which he had feen from behind a Point Tluec
1 .eagues otf that Place where he lay at Anchor. This un-
expc(^ted Meeting was Matter of great Joy to the Seamen,
who were in Flopes, that the General was well. The Cajv
tain received with a great deal of Kefpeft the Sk»p's Crew,
who were all vigorous, and in ()erted Health, and who,
amongit other things, toki him, that they had catchcd
above 2000 Birds in the great Ifland of Pngmnt. 1 hcl'-
Worils made the other Seamens Teeth water, and everv
one wilhcd himfclf in that Ifland. Many of them were bul !
enough to tell the Captain, that they muft go tin her, wlierr
they might as well tlay for the tair Wind, as in any other
^lai^c \ and that it was but One league out of the Way :
But the Captain declared to them, tnat he would not de-
part from the General. The next Day, the General hini-
felt came to vifit the Captain -, and, the Day following, the
whole Fleet joined him. The 2d, the Wind turning to the
.South-weft, all the Ships fet Sail Having failed Two or
I'hree Hours, d4 It^/ert diTiied the General to lend him hn
Slfxip, and Three or Four of his Men, to go before, and
tell Ca|)tain de Cerdtt to get himfelf ready to fail with tJu'
Meet. The General freely gave him his Sloop i and at
IVetri, n^wing along a tiiiall Ifland, about which he had
tailed l)ctore, j)erccived Two Fires i and, becaulc he ncv(r
liiw any Savages in the Iflanil, he thought fomc of CaptJi::
de Cordtt'i Seamen were there : Therefore he went athore ,
but met with nobody, and went on board again, and juineu
the Fleet. His Ship was now become very foul, and couli
not follow the other Ships -, and, for that Keafon, wliei
the was off the Bay of lie Knights at Ebb-water, the w.u
forcetl to tail back into the old Place. The next Day, the
was cxpofed to the fame .\ccident within a Cannon-thot 1 1
the other Ships, and that bifaufe the was to pal's through
a very narrow Lhancl, into which ran Two Currents, or.r
from the Fott, and the other trumtJie Weft of the Streight,
which, line ting together, made a rifing Surge, that lii.
Ship could not mailer. Dtctmbtr 14. they tried again lu
double the Point, behind whkh the Fleet lay at Aiichc; .
but they could not do it ■, tor, when the Tide came ui, ::
drove them into the fame Place again. The Captain, feeiri;
it iinptifTible to double the Point with that Wind, refolvcJ
to flay till ir cli.uiged, lift he Ihould fatigue his Men ti»
much: But the General, iho' the Wind was contrary, laiiti!
away, to look lor a more convenient Road. Then d:
IFeeri loll -Siglit ol the Fleet, tho' he was not far olT, Ix'-
raulc he anthorrd behind a rifing Giound. Deiyeerl, dtipw
ing to j(;ui the Meet again, .ind feeing he could not tubiilt
without a Sloop, <(r a little Boar, onicred, tliat the Pircrt
of a large old Sloop, which were in the I lold of (he Sliif.
ihould lie tak.n out, in order to build another that vi r;
I>iy, which was (J>rijitnas Day 1 but, the next Day, th;-
Wind Ix-Hig North, he put otf the Work, m Hope-. ■ :
getting into the iiitie Bay, which was a l.a:ague fardicr lU"-
the Bay of ite K»ij(bls, and in which he might build tlic
Sloop with more Cimvenicnc y ami Safety 1 Init the Viokii^i:
of the Windtoiced Ilim back again into the Bay ot'dfCuiJi ,
live Ivcagues oH where, the 26th and 27tJi of the U''.''
Month, tlury tiuiuied 16 gnat a bturm, that the Scaii.C'
began to iiiuimiir again, pan icuLrly becaulc tluy had I cm
a Fortnight without eating MulieK, and lud had notln^L'
but a liiiall Pro|)ortiun ot Bill UK and (Jii to tubfift on. 1 •'>•'
Captain, Itcing tlicni to inl'ulci.i, called thciii all toilet!-'

Chap. I.

SEbALD DR WEERt.

in hit Cabin, give them good Words, and dtfircd their
All vice OS to wliat was bed to be done in this difficult Con-
limdlurc. Some were of Opinion, they (hould go to Rio dt
Plata with ti« Sloop only, and leave the Ship, telling the
Purtu^uefi they were forced to it, becaufc the Enghjb gave
her LIuce ( other* were for failing into St. tielma, to take
in irclli Frovtfipns ( biit they did not confider, that it was
unpoinhlc to get to that Idaiid by the Weft. JebH Outgctz
(he i'llot faid, they could not do better than to go upon the
I <rill ut Guiney^ or upon the Gold Coaft, where he was
kiiowi , luving made Five Voyages into that Country.
lutt' different Opinions did not pleale the Capuin \ and
;i\(r(l()re he told tiicm, he could rcfulvc u(>on nothing
without Captain de Cordis'% Confcnt. In the mean time,
he ordered that the Sloop fliould be built t and January i .
lOoo. hi- went on board his new Skwp, and llccrcd her
hiiutt-if alhore ibr the bettci caulking ot her.

i I . In the Alternoon, having doubled the Southerly
Point, he dilcovcred the Two Sloops of General Oliver
■jun Niert , who, being put back to the Bay of Knigbis,
and cunic to fee whether the Faith wxs^lbll in the Bay of
<le CorJfi, bioiiffht a Piece of Ice Three or Four Foot
ihiik, and faid, he had fcen many much thicker, though
It was in the Middle of Summer, and the Savages were all
lukcd. The next Day the General returned b.ick, and
promifcd to fend his Sloop in Queft of the Fidelity. The
Captain fent his Sloop alfo with his Enfign, and one of his
Pilots, for the fame Purpofe ; and, as tliey were going by
liie Fleet, he charged them with a Letter for the General,
tu defirc him to fend him Bifcuit for Two Months. 'Ihe
Sloop came back January :^. with the tKneral's Anfw*,
that hq did not know whether he had Biiluu enough for
the Fleet, nor how long he fliuuld be at Sea \ and therefore
Itt* could not fparc any. This Anfwcr afilidcd Captain dc
Wtert the more, that he hod no Hopes of meeting again
With Captain dc Cordes •, therefore he refolved to return
iiito the Ifland of Pfnguins, and make a large Provifion of
them, that he might be able to follow the Fleet, in cafe the
Wind was fair. Before he failed away, he writ a Letter
to Captain dt Cordes, which he left in the F'oot of a Tree,
upon which the General had writ the Date of his Fleet
juiriiii; by that Place i and nailed a Boanl to the Tree, with
tliile Words written upon it. Look into the Foot of the "Tree,

22. January \\. lOoo. the Ship failed towards the
Illand ot Penguins, and the 1 2th they anchored under the
Icalt Illand ; immediately the Captain landed with Thirty-
eight healthy Men, leaving the Pilots and the other Sea-
men on lioatd : Coming near the Shore, they law prodi-
u;ious Quantities of Binls ■, and, leaving only Three Seamen
on Ixjaril the Sloop, went to kill as many F'owl as they
could. In the mean while, the Wind grew fo high, and
the Sea fo llormy, that the Sloop was driven up the Shore,
and was fo full of Water before the Seamen could get into
her, and caft io far ujKin the Rocks, that all the Seamen
could not heave out the Water, or hale her to Shore ; in
fine, Ihe was fo much tofled by the Surges of the Sea,
that they expcfted every Minute to fee her Jplit in Pieces :
In fuch an Fxtremity the Seamen had no Hopes of faving
their Lives ; for they could by no means return on l)oard
their Ship again : They hail no Carpenters, no Tools, no
Provifions, and no Wood ■, that Illand producing none :
They were all over wet, and ftarved with Gold i tor every
one went into the Water to the .Shoulders to draw the
Sloop: In fine, at low Water, the Sloop being aground,
they found an Ax, and other Tools, with Nails, which
gave them fome Hoj)es of returning on board their Ship
again j but, it being impofliblc to draw the Sloop afliore
before Night, they were torced to be quiet till the next Day :
So they paflrd the Night in the open Air, and made Fires
with fome of the broktn Planks (jf the Sloop, and eat a
lew Birtls half-roafted, without Bre.id, and with fo little
Water, that they could not quench their Thirft : As loon as
Day-light was come, every one went to work fo chcarfully,
that one Side of the Sloop, which was the molV damaged,
was quite refitted before Nipht : The next Day the other
Side was alio refitted, and Four Men laved the Water out
of her with Pails •, then they laded her with 450 PenguHis,
and, about Iwcning, they went on board the Ship, after
ihey had been Three Days alhqrc. While they war

catching the Penguins, they had founil, in one c>\ their
Holes, a Savage Woman, who liad hid hcrftlf ilurc all
the while the Seamen remained on the Illand. When (jt»
neral Oli.rr landed in that Ifland, the Savages kilKil Two
of his Men i upon which he dcflroyed them all hi;t this
Woman, who was then wounded, and flu wcil her Wounili
to the Sloop's Crew. Her Face was painted j Ihe had
about her Body a kind of a Cloak, maile of the Skins
of Beads and Fowls, neatly fewcd together, which reached
down to her Knees. Her privy Parts were alfo covered
with a Skin t fo that the Savages on the North Side of
the Strcight are more inoilefl and fuciabic tlian thofe that
inhabit the South of it. I'his Woman was tall and well
proportioned, and her Hair was cut fhort -, but the Men
wear it prodigious long, as they faw by the Corple of one
of thefe that had been killed, who had tine Feathers on his
Head, and about his Body. They make ufc of Bows and
Arrows, at the End of which a hard Hint is inlaid very
neatly : The Capuin gave a Knife to that W^oman, who,
in Acknowlctlgment, told him, h.- would find a greater
Abundance ol Birds in the biggelt of the Two Illands ;
fo they left her where Ihc was, though Ihe wilhcd to be
tranf|)orted to the Contijient. They went to tJiis Illand,
in oriler to get greater Numbers of thefe Birds, of which,
in this Place, it may not be .iinils to enter into a more full
Defcription. The Penguin does not receive its Name
from its Fatncfs, as the Author of the Diitib Voyage be-
lieved i and, to favour his Opinion, calls thefe Birds Pin-
gutns, in order to make the Derivation from die Latin
Word Pingutdo, Fatnefs, more apparent : Neither is the
Conjefture of the Fiditor of the Fremb \'oyage, grounded
on a Mifbke of Sir Thomas CanJiJb'a Scnfe, any better ;
for he fuppofes, that they were called Penguins by the Eng-
lijh, bcuufe of their white Heads. 'Ihe Trudi of tiie
Matter is, they were fo railed by the Savages -, and be-
caufc Penguin in the Britijb (vulgarly cJkd IVe/p) lignifics
white Head, and thefe Birds have white Heads, it lias
been argued from hence, that thefe Savages arc dclccnded
from a Colony of Britons, fuppofed to be fettled in ylme-
rica by Madoc, Prince of North IValcs, alxiut the Year
1 1 70. I do nut mean by this Remark to eflablifh the
Truth of that I liftory, but barely to clear up the Mean-
ing of the Word, and to fliew how reafonable it is, in
ditlerent Voyages, to prel'erve the different Orthographies
of their Authors, bccaule, in many Cafes, they may be
of much greater life than is commonly imaginccl. But to
return now to the Birds, which gave Occafion to this Di-
grelTon : I'he old ones weigh trom Twelve to Sixteen
Pounds, and the young ones from fight to Twelve -, they
are bla.k vipon t!ie Back, and white under the Belly ; fome
hav- .;•' )ut their Neck a white Ring, lb that they are al-
molf ;!..'.(-wliitc lulf-black ; their SUin is much like tliat
of the cf a-dog's, and as thick as the Skin of a wild Boar -,
tlieir Bill is as long as the Bill of a Raven, but not fo
crooked i their Neck is Ihort and thick, and the Body as
long as a Goofe, but not Ut bit^ : Iiiltead of Wings, tliey
have Two fins han;.;m!!; de,wn, and covered with Peathe.-s,
with which they I'wim with great Strength : They feldom
come alhorc but when they brood, anil then they nettle
Three or Four together in a Hole ; they have black F'eet,
like thole of a Cioofe, but not fo broad ; they walk up-
right, with their bins hanging down like a Man's Arm,
fo that, afar otf, they look Hke Pygmies : They live upon
nothing but Filli, and, lor all tli.it, they have not the rank
Relith <jf l-i!h, but arc extraordinary well tatted : They
make their 1 lolfs in the Downs as deep as Rabbet-bo-
roug'is, and the (iruiuid atxiutit is fo kill of them, that yyu
can nardly walk along without falling into thofe Holes up
to the Kne-s. Jurtiary >;. the Ship reached the great Ifland
of Peiigutiis, a LeagLie ort'the fmall one : There they toujid
fb great Quantities of them, that they might have fur-
nilhed 25 Ships with them-, for they took above 900
in Two ilours time. The next Day, w-hile they were
bufy in faking them, a great Storm roli: from the North-
weft, which carried the Ship out of Sight of the Ifland,
and (6 great a Way off, dut die Captain was quite out of
Hoi)cs of making the Iiland again. Then lie reduced the
Proportion of Bilcuit to a Qiiarter of a Pound to each
Mail a Day : However, the 1 -th of the fame Month in the

Aftetuuuo

*, -'d'

AfirriiCKHi ility ir.i.K rlir Iflami again: But, when they wfre
^uing to Und, tlicStotni r<'!rj[^ain with luchVioUnci-.that
thi-y rd'olvcd to wi ij'h Ani hor, und get out ot the Stre ight •,
btit the Sea wa^ In w\i^]\, that they could not do it : 'Ih'y
were atraid, that the t apltaii would lly i at Uft the Shij>'*
Anclior Hij-ped , .iml, to lave the Ship, they lut the (.a-
ble, ajul lo thry conriiurd iimler Sail, not without great
Sorrow lor having loll theii Ancijor, bctaulc thi-y haii but
one more left.

2 3. This 1*1 AiTulrnt dhliged theCajitain to depart the
Streimht without Delay : Accordingly, Jiifmaryii. i(>oo.
he laili d out el the Mouth ot the Chanel with a South-
well Wind, rluippinn ti)mitimes ti> Kal> Notth-eall, alter
haviiiR (^•>cm Nine Months in thofe Seas in a dangen)U^ and
dilinai Conduioii. In the Altemooi., having pot into the
Main, they lett the Mi>op to drive into t!ie Sea, becaufc
the l>ormy Weather luJ niailc hrr unfit for .S<rvii\-. The
y.\f\\ m thi- MorniiMi;, tluy lotind Ihrec Ifiall Ifland^ to the
\\ indwan.1, wlmli are not marked in the Map, th< y named
thele tlie SthuJine Ilbmis : I hry iire Sixty 1 xa[\\v s off the
Continent, in ;iO' 40 . Iherc was plnuv oCi'enpians in tholt;
Iilands, but they could catch none, oec.iufc ihty had nei-
ther Sloop r.ur Boat. Jehuary i. a Seanmn, born at Rruf-
Jellfs, nanieii Niulas B.'ui, was condrninrd ro bi hanged,
for having ftolen out ot the Hold a Bottle <>! Wine, and
a Bag ot Rice : Upon the I'oiiit ol his Kxeaition, the
Seamen inter* cdfd lor him, and got hii Panlon, on Con-
tlition that no Seaman, tor the tutiin-, Ihould l:eg any
l-ixly's Ijle that flunild Iv guilty ot hull a Crime. On
the ^i about Iv^ning, tlie liime t\i(c.'aj /Wet was acr ufcd
ct having made himlcll ilmnk, fo that conll-quendy he
muft have llolon the Wine; and was convifted ot ftealing
not only Wine, but Vicluals alio, more dun he want^il lor
liis NecelTity •, tor which he was hai>grd, anvl his Body
thrown into the Sea uith the Roiv: atwut his Neck.

24. Afanhi^,. the Ship jMilTid the tquiuoCtial Line; they
began that ver)' Day to dillribute no more Wine, beraule
they had but one I'ljv left, whidi they kept tor the Sick.
The 2Sth, they law the Cajx- of Mcnif uptjn the Coaft of
Cutnn ; but the Captain was very angry with the Pilots,
becaulc they had llerred another Couric than he dcfigned :
The Seamen, on their Sule, were alfo dilcontenicd with
the Captain, who, having no Sloop nor Boat, and but
one Anchor, would not land ; but, being fatisfird he Iwd
Bilcuit enough lor i our Months, at a (^larter of a Pound

The V O Y A C, F. S of

Book I.

• Day each Mati, and 'I'wo Ounces of Rice, he nwWA
ihcmtotack about, and Hand to ilie Sea. .Ipnl 1. m
the Night, thev tlilcovrred l<>ine Firr, and thought at tint
'twu a Shiu V bur, in the Day-lighr, they litw the I ire on
Shore, ami that they had run very near the Coaft, bcupf
driven by tlie Currents. At that time their Fengtiins weic
all gone, I6 that, it Ci(xl's Hruvidence had not been cxcttnl
for them, tlicy would h.ive been tofecd to have been ton
tented with a I'mall l'ru|H>rtion of Bifcuit and Rice ; bin,
during Five Weeks that they Heered along the Coail, witli
out advancing mucli farther Ix-raufe of the calm Weather,
they found l*lenty of all forts of FiDi, Itoth great and fmall.

The Captain, being uncertain how long he IhoukI Hay m
that Place, and fearing ih.it the want of Provifions wouU
tone him at tall ro land, onlered a fmali ik>at to be liult -,
which was finillied, in 1 wrivc Days lime« by the Dire^tiim
ot Ouigcrfz, the Pilot, who hail lormerly praiHilbti tli

Trade of a Ship<arpentcr : But they hod no need ot hir ,
for, the 24th of the fame Month, the Wind being tair,
the Ship failed towards the /f^erts Illanda.

25, May j. they celebrated a public Thankfylving-
day ; and, the 21ft, they palTed the 'I'ropk: of CaiUiT,
catching every-wherc fo great a Quantity of Filh, that
Hu-y had eraigh both lor falting and drying : But, wlun
thry were oft" the /fiores, they found no more Filli i but
were tbrred fo rat thofe they had falted \ and that
ni * Food taui.d many Diftemi)en amongft the Seamen,
andel{xxiallytheScur\y; 'I luy were parched within, and lo
il.irfty.that thry could luvrr cjuench their Thirll ; and th(ir
Bodies were all over covered with rtd Sjxvts like a Leproly.
The 71!), the Captain was inlijriiied, tliat lUiicof tin: Si.
men hail llolcn Ibmc Bilcmt ; but h( durll not punilh thole
tliat were guilty ol it, Ucaule they were vij^«)rous and
healthy, ainl nothing toukl be done without them. 7" •
(>. the Ship <;ot into the f^Mg/iJb Chanel ; tlie Captain
landed ar Uizrr to btiy an Anchor, and a Cable ; but, lim!
ing none, he failed the fame F.vening. On the 1 <th, while
he lay at the Mouth ol the Mn^J? waiting for the Tulr,
with a Pilot on l;oard,the W'imI Ucaine contrary on almi-
den, and torced h:n> to go into the Chanel of Gocm,
whcie a Seaman died, being the Sixty-ninth that died m
the whole Voyage ; the other Thirty fix who were alive,
gave Thanks to Almighty (iod, who had preleived thrni
Irom fo many Dantjtrs, and brouj^ht tiicni falc 1 luine.

SECTION VIII.

Th Voyage cf Gforgk Simlbkrgen, in ^nlity of y^ci/Jiiral of Six'DwX.i.h Ships^ rouml

thcirorld'

1 771^ Occafion cf de I'cfO^f, and the Departure of tbf Fleet Augiift 8, 1614. 3. 77r/> Arrival on
:!:e Cott/l of Urafil. ;. TieiuberouJIy attjik''/f, on J a great many of their Men mafjacred by the Portu-
puclc. 4. Ihcy tithe feveral Portugncfc Prijonen, hut cou/d not procure the DijcLirge of their cun
Men in ExciiiHge, y. Tbey paji through the St reighti of Magellan into tl)e South Seas. 6. They meet
lii/h the Spanilli Fleet on theCoa/l c/" Chili. 7. yl warm Engagement en/uei, in which thtS>\n\\\(h Admiral
I ice-admiral, and another great Ship, were Junk. 8. They continue cruijing upon that Coajl. p. The
Account they received of the State at that Tim: of Peru and Chili. 10. They continue their fovage to
Acapulco. n. Continue their Cour/e from thence for the Kail Indies, and arrive at the IJland'i of \:x-
dronc^ 12. Proceed in their i'ovage for the Moluccas. 15. Arrive J'lfely at the Dnich Settlement at
the Ijlarid cf M.ichian. 14. Return J rem thence into Holland, and enter //•<• Macfc, July 1. 1617,
If. Renuirki uf on the Voyage.

IHK Diici.'^ors i)U\\c Dutch Eafl India Compa-
ny, having Itill veiy much ati leart the making
an effcflual N'oyage through the Streights of
Magellan to tlic hajl Indies, they, in the Spring of the Year
1614. granted a Commiflion for this I'urpolc to (Jearge Spil-
lerg, OT SpiHergcn, a Man of eftablirticcl Reputation for his
knowledge in maritime Affairs ; anti ordered Six Ships to
Ix- i-quipped for tlut Service, viz. the Great Sun, tlic /•'«/.'
Alien, the Hunt/man, a Yacht called the .SVd Atew, all
I our from /Imfterdam, the ^e.'unA' ZeUnd, and the Mern-
in^ Star of Rotterdam, 'ihcy were all equipped in the
bell manner jioflible, and the Admiral li.id, in a great

meafure, the Choice of his own Officers, whicli, in Jong
Voyages, is a I lung of the utmoll Conlequcnce, in order
to prevent unnectirary Difputes. Tlic Sliip' were reaily a
little after A//<^/w»w^r ; but the Admiral having dec larcd
his Opinion, tliat duy ftiould, in catc they laded then, ai
rive at an improper Scalbii in the Sireighis of Magellan,
the Dirtdors thought projxr to ix)ll|xjne the Voyaj'.c till
the Month of .lugujl ; and, on the 8th, the Meet laik>t
out of the Texel, with a llrong (Jale at Southeaft.

2. They continued their Voyage without any other re-
markable Accident, dian enduring leveral Storms and J em-
IK-fts, ti'l Othber j. when they lound tlxnifelvcs in tiir

1 lei[;lit

■ii"-

Cfttp. !• GborgbSfilbergen.

Height of JUUWrt- On the loth, they loft Sight of the
Cmmrittt and, on the 13d, they h«d Sight of the Iflamis
Br&vt tnd Af*. They obferved, in pafllng the Cape dt
Virdt Iflandt, thil they wrre wrona placed in the Maps,
vsA cvtn in ^h M were in the bigheitEfteem in thofe Days,
tf (landing in them in 1 7*, whereaa (hey ought to be in
14* ;)0'. On Dttmi*r 9. 1614. the Admiral appointed
a Day of Thankigiiring, for ih having happily pjOed
the Danger of ShMb of Abrolhoi, which run very far into
the Sea, and have been very fatal to the Ptrtugiu/t Ships
in their Vovagei. On the 1 ath, they diibover^ the Con-
tinent of Br^l \ the Coaft appearing high at a Diftancr,
with many Hilli, having very (harp-pointed I'opt riling
into tite Clouds, others broader and well covered witit
I'rces, but the l.and clofe to the Sea wuall flat. On the
19th, the Coaft appeared very high, and the Pilots con-
cluded, that it mult DC Cape fri$\ but the Sta Mew having
been fent before to difcover, reported, that they were at
the Moudi of Ri0 jMrin, which hai Three little Iflancis
in the Opening \ and ihia gave them Hopes, that before
Evening they Ihould have Sight of the lUi Crandis, and
therefore the StM Mtm h«d Orden tc lead as before. On
the loth in the Morning, thev anchored in the Road of
Ihi GnmdiSi between Two large Ane Iflands, covered
with Trees, in Thirteen Fathom Water. On the 31ft,
they anchored at another Uland, at the Diftance of about
half a League, where they diverted themfclves with Fi(h-
ingi in which they had good Succcis •. and Ixre they
caught manr Crocodikt, each of the Length of a Man.
On the xaa, they anchored behind .moth'-'- Ifle, where
they founo Two uttle Huu, and a Heap of Mens Bones
on a Rock. The next Day they fet up Tcnu on Shore
for die Sick, which were all laiided that Night, and the
Adminl appointed Three diftinA Corps dt Cardt of Sol-
dien for their Security, as being in continual Apprehenfion
of the P»riiqiufit who, they knew, were at no great
Diftance.

3. The Admiral, on the aSth, hoiftcd awhite Flag u a
Signal for holding a Council ( in which it was reiblvcd,
diat the Htmtjmm ftiould efcort the Shallops that were to
go to take in Water at a River about Two Leagues off*.
The Admiral gave exprefi DireAions to the Captain of the
Hunt/mm to anchor as clofc to the Shore u poflible : But,
when he was out of Sight of the Fleet, he anchored as he
thought proper, which was at fuch a Diftance from the
Land, that it was in a nunner out of Cannon-fliot. On
the a 9th, the Admiral's Shallop and Canoe went to take
in Water, and a Body of Seamen were landed upon the
Idand to cut Wood : About Noon they brought as much as
their Veflels would hold on board, and in Two or Three
Hours went back to fetch more. In the Evening they
wouki have come on board again, but their Veflels were
aground, and they were obliged to fbv for the Fkxxl.
They pafled their Time but very indifllerendy all Night
under a Hut ereded by the Cfrew of the Yacht -, and
they reported, when they came on board in the Morning,
duu they had heard a confufed Number of Voices, and a
8:ieat Trampling of People, in the Woods. On the 30th,
the ShaUops « the AfM», the Attnmig Siar^ and the
HuHtfimm^ were fent to the Wataring-place with Nine or
Ten SoMiers under rhe Command of Francis du Cbefne^
Lieutenant to Captain Rowland Pbillips, whofe Com^uny
was on board the Admiral i as for the Seamen, they went
unarmed, contrary to exprefs Orders, and notwithftand-
ing what their Companions had told them, of their hear-
ing a girat Number ot People in the Wood. They had
rot b«ren gone k)ng from the Fleet, before fevcral Cannon-
ftiot were tired from the Huntjman ; upon which the Ad-
miral immediately ordered out Three Shallops, full of
Soldiers and Scanirn, well armed, to (ee what was the
Matter. Thelc no fooner came on board, than they were
intormecl, that Five Canoes, full of Ptrlugueft ancf Mtf-
tizo's, well armed, had attacked the Three Shallops, and
murdered every Man there was in them. TYx'Duttb
armed Shallops went in I'urfuit, and foon came within
Sight of them, and were not a little furprifed, that the Men
did not row very hard to get out of their Way. On their
doubling a rocky Cape, they foon found the Reafon •, for
there they faw Two ftout Frigates riding at Anchor, to

Nu.MB. 4.

which the Boats retired for Shelter, and the Dnub Shal-
fops were forcetl to return to their Admir.il with a difittal
Account of what liad befallen their Companions.

4. January 1. 1615. aConlpiraiy ot crruin mutinous
Perfons, who were inclined to run away with the Ship, wa|
fouwi out » tor which. Two were executed, bcin(( hanged
up at the Yard-iirm, and (hot through with Six Mufquets,
ami w<re arterw.iril» buried on Shore, the Preaclicr having
all the Night lietorc lalioured to fit them for a more happy
Life \ others were put in Irons, and diftributed toiliflercnt
Shi|«. Beliirr their Departure they called a Council, and
therein gave Orden, that, if any Ship loft the reft, they
(hould let up a Mark in d( CorJes Haven, or foint: other
ufiial I jndiiig-pla< <• i and likewile fixeil how long tluy
(hould (tay lor each other, direifling th^m aftfr to Ihi! on
t<i l.a Moila. 1 hey agreed to remove thcnre, for want of
fit Provifion tor their Sick, to the Ifle of St. I'lncem ;
There the Puriug^utfi delayed and (hufHeil with thtm,
fritling away l iiiie. On the idth, they took a Bark witli
Eighteen Portuguefe, whom they denictl to exchange for
fewer Holtaxdtri^ altlumgh they otVcred aifo many fair Ma-
nulcript.s Piflure., Plate, and other Things taken in
the Prize ptrtainirg to the Jeliiiu. They found alfo, that
Intelligence of their Coming had been given by fome
Traitors of their own Countrymen out of Hollitnd. And,
in the Beginniii'^', of I'ibruary, they departed, freeing Four
of their captive Periugufft, anil d( taming the reft -, for
one of which, alfo, another Portugal h.ul offered iiimfelf,
with fevcral fmali Prefents, pretending himfelf a Batchebr,
and the other, hisKinfman, to have a Wife and Chiklren 1
hut was not accepted. They burned the Prize, and fome
Buildings belonging to the PortugHffe, and furnilhcd them-
felvcs plentifully with Oranges anti Pomccitrons. March tlio
7th, a cruel Storm difhclTed them in 52' 6, which con-
tinued fevcral Days, and feparated them : And, on the
a I ft, * worfe Tempeft happened amongft fome mutinous
Perfons t and (bme of them (to ftill that Tempeft) were
caft into the Sea. It was the 28th before they entered the
Streight, whence the Wind and Tide forced them out
again. The Winds being contrary, fome dcfircd to
winter in Port Dtjfrt i others, to hold their Courfc to
the Cape of Good Heft, which was utterly impracticable.

5. j^l 2. they re-enter'd, and anchored, becaufe of
Shole«, one of whkh they founded the next Day a Quarter
of a League, and found but Three Fathom Water. The/
law here a Man of gigantic Stature climbing the Hills, to
take a View of them. This was the Land called del Po^o,
or Firt, which is the South of the Streight. The 7^h,
they went alhore, found no Men, but I'wo Oftriches, and
a great River of fre(h Water, with Store of Shrub and
fweet Blackberries. On the South Sides they found plea-
fant Woods, full of Parrots, in 54" the Mountains full
of Snow. They called one Place Pepper Havett, the Bark
of a Tree there biting like Pepper. On the 1 6th, they
conferr'd, and entered into Commerce, with the Savages,
and gave them Sack, and certain Knives, for Pearls joined
together : But fome of the Company going on May-day
afhore to take fome Birds, they were furprifed by the
Savages, and Two of them (lun. On the 6th, they
palTed into the South Sea, not vnthout Terror, both from
the Want that Day of Anchorage, and afterwards the dan-
gerous Sholcs and Iflands between the Northern and
Southern Shores, at the Mouth of the Strcights opening into
the Sea. They were welcomed into this Pacific Ocean by a
terrible Storm, which they feared would have fplit them
on the Sorlings (lo for likencfs of thofe Ifles to ours they
called the Iflands in that Sea a little without the Strcights).
Thefc Streights are dangerous for high Iflands, Sholes, and
Want of Anchorage : Alfo tedious Storms attended their
Ingrefs and Egrels. On the 2 1 ft, they had Sight of Chili
and La Mocha : This Ifland is low and broad to the North,
full of Rocks to the South. On the 26th, they fent out
Boats to try if it was polTible to traftick with the People.
The Governor and his Son dined widi the Admiral, and
feemed glad to fee fuch Ships, and fo well provided with
Artillery and Ammunition againft the Spaniards -, as like-
wife dill all the Inhabitants of Chili, at Sight of their
muftering of their SoUiers. They exchanged Hatchets,
Coral, and die like, for great Plenty of Sheep, of which

N tliey

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

ihcy h.ul Two for onr llafilnf, *iili great CcHirtciy :
Hut liny broiijiUt a\\ i<> tlir IJiMt. nor woiiKl liiffir any Co
,o «.» ilifir lloufn, Ixcuilc ol tluir Jc.iloufy ot their
JVives whuh rxcttkU cvrn that »>f the .^pamurjj. One
ul iliule Shrcj) was ut the KimI rcfcmblinn a Camel, their
l^u» «tul Ncik vry lonR. H.iir moutlinl, mwl Bumh-
lut-WI, which they ulc for Carriage and Culturr, an Affcj.
Tliey hoJ many Hem, ami other I- owls. On the 27th,
tluy lit Sail ; aiul. the ^Sth, cune near the Shore, not far
Irwm the Iilaiul ot .'</. Man, broken and r<Kky. t)n the
Ji>ih, they lainr into I IarU«ir, where a SfVHiarJ came on
boarit thrm, luvinK a Perlbn, by way or I'leilgr, Icit lor
him on Shore : Hot, invuing them to Dinner on Shore,
one ct the BoatJ ililcovereila ftxly ot SoMier* marthing to
chat Place where thry IlioiiKl have ilineiij whcrtvn*)!! they
retunicd alHjanl with the Spaniard^ whom they maile I'ti-
liiiier. The next Morninp thry went afhore with Three
I'Ml'ignt : The Sftamardi, at the Sight ot them, let their
Liuirihon lire, an.l lleil. In the Skirmilh. Imt llol-
landtrt were wouiuleJ, and I- our SfMiards llain. Their
Houfes built ot Rceti, yiekied a good llame. They
found many Hens and took 1500 Sheep, with other Spoil.
1 Icre they Ul Intellincnte of' Three Ships which luul de-
partcil thence in .Ipnl to fcek thefc DtUtb Ships nianncil
with a ThoufanJ Spaniards i the Admir.d cirrying Forty
Bralj I'iefct of Cannon, the reft pnip<irtionable. I lereution
the DitUb were determined to feek them in the Iflc of &»-
trptttn, and after that in f'alparifi, and then on the C(«ft
of .iriij. The Spaniards alfo reported much of the like
I'rcjMMtion mak'.ng in iJma. Having Dnitb Gunners,
they enac'ttd certain Onlen of military Diftipline, how
each Ship, and each Perlbn, (luiuki conduct himlcll in the
Fight, if they encountered the Fnemyj and rcfolvcU to die
rather than yield.

6. Jiindhc ift, they failed thence, and naffed not far from
Aureta, a Town with ;;oo Spaniards in Garifon, which arc
continuallydifquietedbythelnlialiitantsol Cbili. On the 3d,
they approached the lilc S^uim^Hirimi, near the Continrnt,
and tichind it came up to the Town of ConciptiM \
uhtrcin, befides many Indians, were 20a Spaniards. On
die I nh, they entered the fafe and commodious Road of
I'ulparife. 1 here was a Spanijh Ship, to which the Ma-
riners fct I ire, and fled. On the 1 jith at Noon, they were
ill ^ 2" 15, and in the Afternoon came to the fair and fccurc
Harbour of i^«;>/^re. Ihey went alhorr, and (aw many
wild Horfes, which tied. Here they waterni, and took
many Fidi ; and for Wood, and other Things, found the
Place very commodious. F.very-where, on approaching
the Loal^, thry found the People aware of them, which
caufetl Spatiijh Preparations tor unwelcome Entertainments,
fo that no Matter of Weight was elTciTicd. July the 2d,
they came to /Irita, in 12' 40', whither the Silver is
brought from Peiofi, and carrict! thence loPanamj -, but find-
ing no Ship". thereat that time, they jlcjiartcd. On the loth,
t!) y had a Calm, yet rainy Day, not without Wonder to
tlitm, becav.fe the Spanijh I'nloner \\iA reported a |)rrj<tu.il
1 airncfs of Weather in thole Parts. On tJic lOth, they
took a fma!l Ship, with a fmall (.^iiantity of Treafure,
moll of winch was rmhcz/led by the M.inncrs: Ihcy
a!t^|•^^a^lis took out tlie Coinmotliiies, and funk her. They
Juit Si^Iit of light Sail, wiiuh, as liix<n as he dilicrned
tli( ni, the Sp.inilh M.il^er ot the form; r Siiip faid were the
koyal Fittt ion>e out to feek the Hel'anJtrs, againft rlic
Opinion of the Council oi I'tru, which would rather lu«.l
them ftay : But Rcdtnge dt Mttideza, the Viceroy's Kinf-
nwii and Ailmiral, conceited of Mmlclf, faid. Thai Two
of hit Sl-.pi would lakt all l'>.gland, and much more lixife
lliiis «f flolland, after fo long a Voyage, ',uhub had fptnl
ana '.vajled ihem ; t\a\, he ivas furt they would yiild to
him at the very firji Sight. Whercup(j.'i the \jceroy gave
him Leave to go and bring them bound unto him ; ,init
tlie Admiral Mcndcza fwore, he would never return till
they were taken or llain. 'Ihus he dejiartcd out of the
koad of Calao on the nth of '/uly. I he Jefu Maria,
Admiral, carried Twenty-four Brals I'icxres, 460 Men, of
uU Sorts, and iiad coft the King 15SJ00U Ducats. I'he
Vice admiral, St. .Innt, 100 Men, the Capuin ..ilvaret de
PtgtT, which had taken an En^lif/j Ship in the South Sea
btturc ; this Ship had ftuud the King in 15UOOJ Duiats,

and«.isthe f.iireft tlut ever wa< (<{n \i\0\c Indies. TUe:
Ci/melite, of Kii;ht Brals Pirn s ot Cannoii, loo S.klun
and Mariners, l)ciidcs the Comnvinden, and ihcir K( tinue.
1 he Si met, of equal Forrr. '1 he Keftry had 1 50 Mm.
anil Four Brals Onliunee. The St. I'ramit h.ul no Ord
nance, but Seventy Mull)iiefrt rs, anil twenty Mariners
The Si. .1n.lrev) had F.ighty MuUiurtetri, and Twenty
live Mariners. I he F.ighth was lent after tlic reft, unccr
tain with what Furniture.

7. July 17. they came near rath other in the Fveningj
.vi(i his own Vke-adiniraJ lent Word to the Spani/h Adnii
ral, that, if he plealird, he might forbear to light tliat Nighr,
and begin the Attai k next Morning. But Hedengt dt
MenJozd could not be lb patient, but, about T<i)ol ih''
Clock, let U|x}n the Creal Sun, in whkh the Dm, h Admi
ral himfelf was \ and thry immediately exchanged mutual
Broadlides. The St. Framis, being next, attacked the Ad-
miral I but was forctd to ftii er olV. She fell then on the
Yacht, and by her was fent to the Bottom. At that In-
ftant the Yacht wai warmly attacked by the Spasti/b Admi-
ral, and had foon followed to triumph over the Frandi, her
new Conqueft, in tlie Cliaiicl's Bottomi had not tier Admi
ral fuccoured her with a Boatful of Men, and caufcd the
Vice-admiral todo the like. I'he Admiral'i Boat, being mil-
taken, was, by a Piece ol Cannon difcharged from the Hunif
man, funk, one Man alone efcaping. The next Morning,
Five Ships fent Word to the Admiral, that they would do
their befl to efcape \ but the Dnttk Admiral and Viccrad-
miral fet up<jn the Spanifi Admiral and Vice-admiral, and
an obftinatc Foigagiment enliied. The y€»lut, anotlier
Holland Ship, came io alio. The Two Spsnifi Shipf wrrr-
faftened together, and gave greater AdvanUge. At laft
they forfook the Vice-admiral, and leaped into the Admi-
ral, not finding therein above Fifty Perfons alive, as, by
their Confcftioni, after appeared. Mean while tht Seamrn
hung out a white Flag of Peace, whkh was very often pbc\i
cd.in by the Gentlemen and OlTicers, chufins rather to di-
than )ield. The Duteb prefling them, the Vice a^lmiral's
Men returned again, and renewed the Fight, and the Duttb
Vke-admiral was in great Danger, the Spanitrds leaping
into iKr out of their Admiral \ but were repelled or (lain ;
and the Spantfh Admiral, not being further able to nuintain
the Fight, fled, and, by Benetit of Night, efcaped the Pur-
luit of the Duttb Admiral ; but her Safety was of fhort
Continuance i for her Leaks were fo many and great, that
iTic went to vifit the St. Framit, as alfo did another of them
called the St. Metry. The Dutcb Vice-admiral and /Folvs
bcftirred them fo very brilkly, tliat the Spttntflt Vice-admi-
ral, |uft 1 lope of efcaping, fet up a white Flag, and yiekied.
'ihc Duttb Vke-admiral lent Two Boats to bring the Com-
mander aboard \ Uk he refufed, faying, he woukl ftay that
Night, except the Vice-admiral himfelf would fetch him,
or fend fome Captain to remain in Pledge ; and rather de-
fired Death than Dilgrace. One of the y€Ww's Men, in
this Time, had taken sway the Flag, and the Boats depart-
ed. Ten or Twelve flaying on board, contrary to Com-
mand, that they might be firft in the Spoil. They did,
together with the Dutcb, what they could do in the Night
to prefrrs'c the Ship from finking i but, feeing their Labour
vain, they lighted many laghts, and, with horrible Cla-
mours, cried tor I lelp j but it was too late, and they funk
together, in the Hollanders Sight. The next Morning, they
lent out Four Boats, which found Thirty i'wimmingon the
Boards, crying for Mercy -, which, to fome of the chiet,
they fticwed, leaving the reft to the Mercy of the Sea, tho*
lomr of the Dutch, .igainft Comnund, in this Diftrel's
murdcn d leveral »)f the Spanii'.rns. 'I'hcir Comnundcr th^-'
\'ice-a«ln)iral periflied Ik tore of his Wounds. Forty Duhh-
men were wounded, aiut Sixteen flain, in thofe Three Ships.
In the rcll l.ighteen were wounded, and 'Twenty-four llain.
The fame Day, they failed for Calao de Lima •, but wets
Ik calmed. 'The 20th, they palled b/ the Iftand, and faw, in
the Haven, I'ourtorn Slups in Motion near the Shore ; but
could not come nigh lor the Sh'uls, .ind thereloic wtnt to the
Koad of G;/<?9 de Lima, to leek for the Spanifh Admiul,
which aftcrwanii tlicy learned, at Peyta,\\xi> liink. From th
Shore iht Spaniatds Jired their great Ordnanre, om: ol Wliiih
carried a Bullet of Thirty fix Pound, and had almoft funk
the UimijiMiVi. I'liey alio law on Ihorc a great Army, ni

vhK 1

Chap. I.

G E O R r. R S 1» I L B F. R G E S'.

whiih the Vicfroy liiinfi li wj< in IVrfon, witli I'.inht
JriKipJ of I lorli, anvl 4i)(i() I'tK)t. They •niccM fo nturn
out f)l the Keach ol tlxir Siioc, and i alt Anchor at the
Mouth ol the tUvrn, white thry ft.iid till the J5th, with
Inrcnt to ukc fomr ol thrir Shi|i% \ but in vjjn, U'c^ulc
thty were Ixttrr .Sailir% On the 2(ith, ihiy took u httle
H.irk Ulcn with Salt, mul !■ ij^hlv Vcllilt ot .Symji : I he
\lrn all rteil. They i-r linil, ilut, it thry met with the
I lot ot lUnamn, in iin,iiil tiny wirt- in the I'rncniy'i
Cuiir\try, where tluy ua\V\ nut repair iJKir Loilcs, am!
were alio bound to the ManiHas, thry lliould aflc.iutiowHy,
and avoid btinu Irparaied, wliith nad much endanK'Ted
tljcm in the lall riniit \ and, it any .V/)<;«//&Ship fljoiikl yield,
the Maftcr and elm I Drtiurs (lioiikl not leave their own
Mill''*, I'lit I aule the I- lu my to i onu in Hoati alM)ar(.l them,
Icll Conlufmn, ai lately through (IiecdineiN of S|)oil, llimi'.i
hapixn. riic 27th, thry lit Sail. The iKth, they lame
to the Road ul C'uarmt\n 10 bryuiid tlic Line, a phalaiit
Place, witli a large Port. N< .1: i.nto it U a Ijke ot llaiid-
ing \V.iter. Tluy went on ihorev but lound the IVtiplc
all lldl, who hail telr little I'lllage, except Ibmc 1 leib,
Oranges, I !.)•;% and Meal ; which they took.

8. /tugii/l \. they difniilPrd tome of their i/<i«//i!( Prilon-
ers. They palTed Ixtwem the lllc l^ubes, (lo tailed from
Filh ot that Name) and the C ontinent. The 8th, they cift
Anchor near to I'fytii. The 9th, they li-t 300 Men alhorc,
who, after a tew Skiimiilu s, returned alxwrd, the City hc-
in^ too llrongly defended. I'hey took an Indian Ship of
rtrant;c .Sails, with Six lully Indiums, which had l)ecn Two
Months a filliinp;, and had ni.uiy delicate Filhes dried,
whifh tluy diOriUitrd tlimugh the Fleet. The lotli, the
.r.clus, Morningjliii Md Hunt/man, battered the Town witii
thiir Ordnance, and lint a greater Number of them on
Ihore, who found the City forfaken, and the People, with
their Gootls, lied to the Mountains. They lint Five of
their Indians on fljore, to get Fruits, and to learn more
Certainty of the Spani/h Admiral i who brought Word of
hrr Ix ing fwallowed by the Waves, only Six cuaping. The
Indians alio brought the Letters of Captain Gafpar Cal-
dron to Paula the Commamlant's Wife of Piyta, who hatl
fled to the Town of ^7. MiibatI, Twelve Leagues from
Shore. She fent the Ilollandtn, in Commiferation of the
C.iptives, many Citrons, widi other Frovifions, This Wo-
man, for lieauty, WiUlom, and Virtue, was of fingular
Reputation in all thofc Parts. Ptyta, towards the Sea, is
ftrong, and, in a manner, impregnable. There were in it
Two Cl.iirches, One Monaftcry, and nuny good Bu.ldings,
an excellent Haven, to wliich all the Ships .of Panama rc-
fortt il. Then their Cargoes pal's by Land to Lima, becauli- ot
thi- pTpctu.iI Rage of both F.lements, the Wind and Water,
in that Place. They took in the Ifland Louhes Two Fowls
of enormous Size, in the ikak. Wings and Talons not un-
like the Fagic j their Necks I'omcwhat like a Sheep ; their
I leatls comlied as a Cock •, they were Two Flls in Height,
and Three in Breadth, when their Wings were dilplayed.

(). The learned Pfdro de Madriga of Lima laid, tliac
PerUyChili, and Irrra I'irma, were commanded by Don "John
de Mtndoza, Marquis t/« MonusClaros, the Viceroy, which
Office the King conlerreth for Six or Fight Years, with .1
ycvly Allowance of 40,000 Ducats, with an Addition of
inoo Pefos, for extraordinary Fxijcnie-! on the I'ealh of
Cbiijlmas, Epiphany, St. Spirito, anil Eajlcr, eacjj of Tweku-
Rials and a half, bicaule, at tliofc limes, he is to enter-
tain all the Counfellors of the Audience ; 2.000 Pcl'os allij
yearly, wlun he furnilhcs the Silver Fleet. The Viceroy is
fcrved with great Pomp in this Place, never llirriiig abroad
without his Guard ; ami, if he goes into the Country, hath
too I ..inces anil /jn Mufquets attending. There are Courts
or Aikiii-nces in Panama, i^uito, Charlas, Lima, one alio in
Cd'ili. In tlum are the Kiii(;'s Counfellors, to whom both
Civil and Criminal Caults .»rc committed-, but with Ap-
peal in Civil Cafes to the Oyders (certain Commiflioners),
.tiul in Ciiiniiul to die jIUj'.Js. Thcli: all go in one Habit,
and are allowed 3000 I'cfos annual Pcnfion. The Viceroy
rcriileth in the City of Kings, or Lcs Reyes, called alli»
lima, litiiated in a plealant Valley, extended a Mile and
lull in Length, in Breadiii I'hree-quartcrs, having above
KXt.ooo Inhabitants, bcfidcs Merchants of other Places.
It hath Four Markct-placcii. There arc 30UO Indian Arii-
4

ficeri dwelling in the Ciiiado. I lere rrndei the Archliiftiop
Hartholemtii' l.iiboGmmi-n, who hath ^ )/)oo Pe lo% of Re-
venue. The Cathedral hath Twenty tour Prelirnds, tjiio
An hdeaciin, beliiie* S< iKKiIniallrrs and other Prictls. 'I'herJ
arc Foui prim i|)«l Rri'lorv, to racii ot whom are alligncii
I e.oiKj Pelin. Bcliilc V this Chun h ol ,Si. loin iht Fvan-
Xilijl, are Four othei , One of St. Ma ifiius, with i'wo
Paltors, and inoo Pi los Revenue \ the .Second of St, >e>
hajlisn \ tile Third ol .Sr. /inn, with like Sti|>cnd \ the
1 oiirth IS an I lofpiial of Orphans, wnii f^oo Pclos. Mon.i-
lleriesthire are ot St. I ran, 11, St. Dominic, and ot St. /In-
/u/hn, and ot o'.ir I -a<ly ./<• las Mtrirdts, e.ich of whii h hath
'i woCloilUrs ol till ir own Order, that of St. I'raniis ihreej
•■.•;z. One ot hare f<jol Iiicrs ot our Litdy (inadaliipf.
They have here 1 wo Colleges of Jefuits, whidi the iSpa-
niiirds call Thfatinis, lx)th there and in Europe. In e.ich
chief Monallery are i 10 Religious. There are Five Mo-
nattrrics of Nuns, called of the Incarnniton, Canreplion,
'Irimiy, St. Joftpb, and St. Clart. Our La^iy alio hath hr
Chun lies by the Titles of Monferrat, and del Prado, and
di' l.orello. i'luy have Four Hofpitals tor the Poor; of St,
/Indrex', in whikii arc 400 Sick j ol St. /Inna t()r the Imii'
ans \ of St. /'./«;■ for the Fccleliaftics \ of Charity tor Wo-
men 1 another of Sto. Spirito for Sailers 1 and one of .St.
I/izaro tor inveterate Diliales. 'I'here arc ()0() Pri.ils, and
1000 Students, Allowance is given to Twenty-four in the
King's Collegi by his Majelly -, to as many in St. Torine'%
by the .Archbilhop. 1 In re arc alio 200 Doctors in the
Univerfitics, ol all Faculties, The I'rotefHjrs receive of
the King 1000 Pcl'os Ptnlion. 'I'hc Two Protttlbrs of
Civil Law have (;kli ouu Pclos. Tl»crc are 400 Mailers
of At. F.vcry Yrar they chufc a new Rector or Chancel-
lor. In this City md Suburbs arc aliove 2n,ooo Slaves.
I here are more Women than Men. The Indians are frar,
as well as the Spaniards, laving, that tliey pay every Six
Months Two Pefos, a Men, a Tanega of Light Ri.ils, and
a Piece of Cloth or Cotton. They arc bound to I'crve the
King yearly in the Mines or Hulbandry certain Days be-
ginning in May, and continuing their Service litverally till
November. Thofc of Aua bring to Potoft Beafts^ Wheat,
Meal, Mays, Axcicoca, an Herb which they perpetually
chew. They ulc for Carriages a certain Camel-fathioned
Sheep. By this City the River runneth elofe to the Walls,
which, by Showers, li)metimes fo fwells, that it hath car-
ried away the Stone Bridge of Nine Arches. Here is the
King's Pontrartation-houli-, and his Frealury, tlie Court
alio of Inquifition, with Two Inquilitors, each of which alfu
has jooo Pefos Pcnfion, and a Prifon peculiar. I'hc Two
Notaries have 4000 Pefos apiece. 1 lere is the Court or
Office ot the Cnifado, or the Popes Bulls, with Olticcrs, and
like Sti[H>:u's. Thb City is I'wo Le.igues from the Sea,
hath Fight Companies of Foot, and as many Troops of
i lorfe, in Garilon. The next Port is called Ctdao, m
which are Ibme Sou Inh.ibitants. From the City to Potcfi
are all Spanijb Merchandize conveyed. Polcfi is called /,.i
I'alia Imperial, compreheiulmg .1 great Mount.iin, in whu h
are Silver Mines. Into them is a horrible Defccnt of 400
Steps into the Veins, which cxercife about io,ooo Indians
iligging, and 100 more in carrying, grinding, and other
Works ol that Kind. This Place is li) cold, that nothing
grows within Four Le.igues, but an Herb called i'd'C'.
Their Provifion is all brought from /Irica. A Pound cf
Bread is there worth Two Rials. The I lavcn of Jrica is
180 Spanij}} leagues from thence; but there arc many Vil-
lages well inhabited by tlic Way. Not far hence is Cbu-
quijaia, the Bilhop whereof hath ^0,000 Ducats Revenu;,-.
There arc the like Monalteries to thofc at Lima; but not lb
full ot Monks. At Potofi there are lliid to be 1 .^,00 Sharp-
ers, who live by their Wits. Seventy Miles Irom tlirnce is
anotiier Silver Mine, called ErUco. Near Lima is Chocola
Choca, another Mine, cold as Poto/i, where tlwell 5000
Spa>nards. Cufco is like to Lima, hath ()^30o S/Hinijb Inha-
bitants, a Billiop, and Monks, and Two Colleges, with
Ibme 60U Students. Areqiiipa hath alfo a Bilhop, 2000
Spaniards, and i Corigidor. The Capital ot CIhH is St.
lago, where there is a Gold Mine. Coqmmbo hath Store of
Brats. Baldivta is rich in Gold. In the Year \^qg. the
Natives of the Country killed the Spaniards, and made tin ir
Wives Prilbners, 800 in Number, whom they offered to

exchingc

i ;. ■:

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

exchangf , if they tright have Tor each a Pair of Shoes, a Bridle,
a Sword, and a Pair of Stirrups v but the K ing forbad Armour
to be carried to them. They poured molten Gold into the
Governor's Mouth, made a Cup of his Skull, and Viyn
of his Shank-bones in Memory of their Viftory. /htrota
hath near it a Fort, with a Sfanijb Gtrifon \ but very poor.
Conceptitn is mentioned before. It hath 400 Soldiers to keep
it, with Ibme Ordnance.

10. Let us now, with our HolUmiers, put to Sea, which
they did yfugnjl 21. but eafily perceived the next I>ay the
Strength of the Currents to be fuch, that, without a fair and
(tiff Gale, they prevailal little or nothing. On the 23d, they
anchored before Rit dt Ttmka i for the Bar and Tide for-
bad them Entrance. They agreed to return to the Iile of
Ct^et in 5» Southerly, to refi-elh themfelves j but Storms,
Rains, and Thunders, fo diftrcffed them toStfimhrij.
that they could not find the Ifland ; and in the mean time
they grew very fickly. On the 20th, they had Sight ol
Land in Ntva Hifpania. They had 13' 30 , and the Wea-
ther became again very tempeftuous. O^oktr 1. after much
bad Weather at Sea, they had Sight of pleafant Land •, but
the Sea wrought fo, that they could not have (afc Landing,
and fo beat off and on till the i ith, that they entered the
Haven of Aapukt within Shot of the Caftle \ and, hanging
out a Flag ol Peace, Two Spani^rdi came on board, and
they agreed to exchange Prifoncrs for 5hcep, Fruits, and
Pro'vifion ; which was accordingly performed. On the
15th, Melchior Hmurde came aboard, to take a View of
the Fleer, which had vanquifhed the King's. He was
Nephew to the Viceroy of Ntw Spain, and Ww- kiixlly en-
tertained by the Admiral. The Caftle here was well de-
fended with Seventy Brafs Guns, having had Intelligence of
their coming Eight Months before. The i8th, they fct
Sail again ; but, being becalmed, they did nothing of Mo-
ment, except the taking a Bark bound for PearPfilhing »
w.hirh they manned, and took into the Attendwits of ttieir
own Fl.rt.

1 1 . Novtmher i . they anchored before Port StUpus in
19" North Latitude. Here they heard of a River, that
yielded Variety of good Fi(h, and Meadows well (locked
with Cattle, together with Citrons, and other Fruits, all
which Convcnienries th.:y wanted •, but the Company they
fent, fearing a Surprize by the Spaniards, returned as they
went, after a fiiurt Engagement with the Enemy. On
the nth, they failed for Port Nativiiy, where they fur-
nifhed ih^mfelves with Necedaries, and fix)m whence they
paned on the loth. The 26th, they had 20* 26 North
Latitude \ and there thry concluded upon the neareft Courfe
to the Iflands of luuircnei. Dtftmbtr 3. to their no little
Wonder, they law Two Iflands at a great Diftance in the
Sea, and, the next Day, a mighty Rock in 19°, and Fi(ty
Leagues from the Continent. The 6th, they faw a new
Iflaml, with Five Hills, that appeared hke fo many diilinA
Iflands. The new Year came on with I^ftcmpers, that
proved faul to many et their Company. January 3. 1616.
they had Sight of the lutdrones, and the next Day they
landed there. Ti\iy fct Sail for the Manillas the 26th,
where they happi'y anchored Ffhru.iry p. Here the Indians
letiiftil to tradic with them, Ixraufr, they Cud, the Dutch
wtn: F.ncmies t;) the Spaniards •, fur which very Reafon,
fomc (theri would freely have transferred all the Trade and
Riihes of th< Country to them. But, in Caput, to which
they came on tl.e 1 ith, the People were of a better Tem-
per, giving them f.it Hogs and Hens for very Trifles.
This profitable Iroiie they lift the 1 9th, pafTing from thence
througli the S:ri if^hts towanis the Mamllan Port or Bay.
'Ihe Indtr.tis ol d.pul wrar long Coats like Shirts, and are
noted for the extrao'ilinary Rerjjc^t they pay to all Clergy-
men, belt>re whom they will proftrate iliemfelves on the
(Jround, .irid take it for a mighty Honour to be admitted
to kifs tJiri, Hands.

12. Tie 19th they anchoretl before the Mand I.iuenia,
the princifvd of the Manillas, and in which is the City
Mnnilla irfelf Here was a curious Fabric, artificially
erected upon the Tops of Trees, that looked like a Palace
at a Diftance, but hat fort of Creatures were the Inha-
bitants there, they could not imagine. The 28fh, they
p.iffeti by the high and fl.\ming Hill Aleaca. The 24th,
thty faw the other End gj the Strciglit, but the Calm would

not allow tlif m to pa(s it. Tlie 2 Rth, they anchored biforr
th<- lfl.ind MirtbtlUt, remarkable lor its Two Rocb, that
lift their Tops to a vaft Height in the Air, Behind tRcfe
the City of Manills lies "nd from hence they wati h the
coming of Ships from China to pilot them fate to the City,
becaule of the great Danger of the Vittigr. March 5.
they took feveral Barks, that were difnuchcd to gather in
the Tribute paid to the City of Manilla from the adjoinii.g
Places. They had now Intelligence of a Fleet o' I'welve
Ships, and FourGallies, manncti with 2000.","-' ^irds, be-
fides Indians, Chintfe, and 'Japtntft, all whic' i-c fent tu
%\\t Moluccas todrire out the Dutch, an*; rrduce thnfo
Iflands to the Obedience of the King of Upain: Ujxjn this
News they difcharged all their Prilbners, and rcfolved to
go after them. The 1 ith, they got in aniong(l fo many
Iflands, that they hardly knew how to deliver thcnifclv 1
again, but their Spamjb I'ilot brought them out fate tl.e
next Day. The 14th, they rid at Anchor all Night \x.
fore the Ifland Panty, by reafon of the Sholes. The 1 8th,
the failed ck)(c by the Ifland of Mindanao ( bur, in the
Evening, put off further into the Sea, becaufe of danger-
ous Shelves thereabouts. The 1 9th, they came liofe by
the Shore again, and bought Proviflons of the Iflandcrs at
a very cheap Rate. The 20th, they reached CajW de Cu-
dtra, the Spamardj 'Watering-place, in their Way to the
Moluccas. Till the a3d they (ailed no farther than jufl as
the Tide forced them along, having a perfect Calm -, but
between Mindanao and Tagamo, a contrary Tide met and
ftopt them. The People here profeffed a great Enmity to
the Spaniards, and offered the Dutch the AfTiflance of Fifty
of their Ships in that Quarrel. The 27th, they palTcd
the Ifland Sanguin, and the 29th came to Temate, in which
theDii/ripoffcffed the Town Maa'a, where thefe unlooked-
for Countrymen of theirs were made very welcome by them.
The Straight of Bouten they obferved to be full ofSholcs,
without which the Water is deep : On the Eaft there is
good frefli Water, and Two I.tague8 to the Weft lies a
very rocky Shole. yfpril 8. Ctrnttius dt Vicanezt went for
Banda, and the Soldiers landed there after a very long and
tedious Life a Ship-board.

13. On Ma) 1. they (ailed with Six Ships for Macbiast,
in order to prevent the Ptrtugueft (ham lading Cloves.
The Wind proving very fafr, they foon arrived under Fort
Maurice, which tne Adminl immediately vifited, as he
afterwards did the Forts Tafisfor and TabiUola, and (b on,
till he came to the Fort of Sabata. On the 12 th, tlicy
received Intellisenct fix)m Mr. Cafthton, who commanded
Four Engtijb Ships, that the Dutch Genera], John Dirk/oa
Lam, had liuled mmi the Ifland of BanJa, in the Spring
of the Year, with Twelve Men of War, well manned,
and a Body of Soldiers on board ; with which Force li:
landed, /^l 10. on the Ifland of Puio IVai, the richcft
of all the Iflands in thofe Parts, of which he made himftlf
Mafter with great Eafe, and that the Inhabitants ot the
adjacent Iflands, being fummoncd, fubmittcd themfeives
immediately, and entered into a Treaty with him highly
a<lvantageous to the Company, inafmuch as it fccured to
them the fok Traile in the beft Nutmegs in the Indies.
On the 1 6th, the Governor of Tidore went to Malaga.
On the 1 8th, the Dulih Admiral liclivered Seven DuScb Sea
min out of the Prifons and Galliej of the Spaniards, where
they had been confinal no lefs tlian Four Tears. The Pri-
foners exchanged for tlief- were a Monk» a Spanijh Pilot,
Two Spaniards taken in the South Seas, and One th.it they
brought from the Manillas. A few Days after, another
Dutchman jointd tliem, whofc Name was Peter dc Fiicrc,
he had been Prifoner among the Spaniards fcveral Ycan>,
at firft on boanl tlic Gallies ; Init, being an excellent GolJ-
fniith, and having married a Spamjb Wife, thty gavt: him
l-ea\ c to romc on .Shore, and work at his IVailc, allowing
him, at laft, fo much 1 iberty, that he found means to
tli ape, bringing his Wife away with him. This Mar. wui
of very great Ule \ for, having .in rxiellcnt Underflanding,
bcinp perlei'tly acquainted with the Spamjh Trade, and
ki!owin;» exaclly the N.iture and Value of all the Commo-
dities in the Indies, he f^vc tlic Dutch Governors better
Inttlligerce, th.in it was pofljble tor them to have obt.iiutJ
any omer Way. They returned afterwards to A/<«i»nw,
and proceeded thence to Maljya, whence they went upun

a Crutic.

Chup. T.

GEbRcfi SpilBkrgbn.

4^>

a Criiiee. On Mtrf 30. they filled for that Purpofe, but
were loon aticr rccalletl, and found, on their Kctuin,
Twelve large Dutch Ships from Ambolna, in the Road of
Mahiyii i and, as they were then a very formidable I'lccr,
It WIS debated whether they fliouid attack Itdorf, or any
other of the Enemy's Settlements in thofc Farts \ but it
w,is debated only, and, their Chiefs difflTing, then- was no-
thing jjut in Extcution. Thtfc Debates fliewing the Ne-
ttil.ty of having a Commander in chief, the Coum il (Jc-
niri! i)t t!iL- Indies, 'June 19. proceeded to the f'".lcdion of
;i (juvcnior and General 1 and the next Day I^urfiice de
lif,:', was inllalled in that Command. Soon alter Admiral
!if,!bcijot ridivcd this (Governor's Orders and Commillion
fo lail with the Two Ships, viz. the /Imfterdam and ZcUiiid,
tij t!ie in.ir.d iXyava, and City of Bantam, with InliriiJlions
to U ttlc the I lade there, on fuch Terms, antl in fuch man-
ner, as he fliouId think fit. On 'June i-j. they put into
y.ipiira tor a Supply of Provifions, aiul then proceeded to
J.utatya (now Batavia) where they arrived Septmber 7.
;iii.l where they found it nccclfary to careen their Ships, and
I'rovide them with double Shcathings, which, notwithllanil-
ingthey did with^^rcatCaution, on account of the near Neigh-
bourhood ot Don Juan de Sylva, who was expeded to lail
from Malacca, in order to cruife upon the Dutch. They
w. re, however, very foon fet at Liberty fronj thefc Ap-
jrehenfions, by certain Intelligente, that came the lail of
that Month, ot his dying fuddenly, not without Sul'picion
t)l Poilon, at Malacca ; and that, in coniequencc ot this
Aeeiiuit, his I'leet, wiiicli was betorc .nuch weakened,
w.is rctiirnid to the jV/(?«/7.'(JJ without performing any thing',
fo that Four Years I'rouble and F.xpence, which the .S'/n;-
niardj had been at in order to equip it, were all thrown away,
which exceedingly leflened tlieir Reputation and Influence
in the Ind:cs ; as will always Ix; tiic Cile of iiwritimc
I'nwers, when they futier their AtTairs to link in this m.u)-
iK-r, by attending more to die anuHing ot Wealth, than
the Support ot Cjovernnicnt. ^Vh^.e they were thus em-
ployed at 'Jaccatra, they had the Satist.iCtion ot perceiving
the mighty Incrtafc of the Duhh I'railc ', lor, in that
fin.ill Sj.ace of Time, there arrived no lets than i-our Ships
liom the Maluccas, l.u.led with the richclt Spices, and Four
rioic tVoin Holland, with very lich Cargoes •, and, what
in thole Countries was of much greater Conteciucnce, well
manned, with levcr.il hundred Soldiers on board tor the
Supply of their Cj.iritbns. There came in there alio a very
n. !i Ship from Japan, h.iving on board a large Qiiantity
of Kia'.s of Plate, uiuoined Silver, and otiier valuable
Cicxxls taken out of .1 Portitj(ucfi Prize, in its Pall'age to
Macao. On the 20th, arrived there a VelTel, called the
Concord of Horn, commandeil by Jiijuei le Maire, which
had pafllil round by the Streights of Magellan, and by that
Kou'.c was arrived in the liajt Ii.dics. But ,is it was known,
that he dici not make this \'oy.igc on Account of the hajt
India Company, or fo miieh as by thiir Participation, the
I'refideiu, jchn Peterfon Cocn, caul'ed his Ship and Cargo
to lie rontiftatetl, anil his Crew dillributed amongil the
Ships in the Company's Service. I cannot help oblerving
h.re, how very fuonexclufive Corporations begin to exen lie
Acts ot Seventy. This Eajl India Company h.kl not iKen
fuuiidcd above Fourteen Yeats, and yet ihey alre.idy took
i.;win them to break the Spirit"^, and i ramp the 'I'rade, ot
ilketr Coumrymen : .\nd, to Ihew tli.s Spirit in its lull I x-
tiiit, I lliall tiaiillate litcr.ally the very next Senteme in this
Voyage, giving a very injurious Account of this F.xpedi
liiin o! Jafieilc Mairc, wiih whole Merit the Keadir will
lie quiekly tx'tter aciiuainteii, on purpole to poU'els the
wlioie Dutch Nation with a Notion, that F.ncouiai^emeiit
was only due to tlie l:aji India Company. " In the Lourfe
" of their long Voyage, lays the Author ot Admit al
" S{'i!!'eyjen\ F.xpcdition, tlulc,- People dilcovered no new
" Coumries, no new Nations, with whom we might tr.ule.
" I hey only ptetended to h.ive difcovered a new r.tira(;e,
" eiitfereiit from that dirough winch Ships h.id hitlu'ito
" tailed •, but there w.is hitle .\ppearaiue tit this, lince, lu:-
" cording tj dieir own Account, they had (jn'iit Filtem
" Months and Three Days in their Patfage trom the
*' Streights to the IA.ukI ol 'I'lrnaie, thouidi they hail lair
" Winds all the Way, and notwithliandingthe vail Advan
" tage a lingle Ship has over a Fleet, where the quiikdt
Numb. 4.

*' Sailor mull flay for the flowcfl:. Thcle piwndtd Mak< r*.
" of Difioveries, therefore, who boafted ot ha\-ing found
" out a new Streight, were very much furpiifeil to hear,
*' that Adir.iial SpiWergen had waited fo long ai Tcrtiate,
" and ariived lb much lotmer, than they, notwithftanding
•' his Fleet was compofed of fuch large Ships, and had
" hern lb much and lij often retarded, had fought lb many
times, had \xcn put back, ftopt, and trafficked in lb
many Parts, and yet came out but bare Fii^^lu Months
beli)rc thein, and Ipcnt only a Year ami S v.n Months
in ail tluir Expeditions, to the Time of their iVrrival
*' in the Moluccas." 'I'hcre is a great Mixture of Vnnity
and Injulliee in this Account ; for though, without Que-
Hion, great Commendation is due to Admiral Spiii/crgcn,
and his Voyage ought to be regarded as one of the moll
fuccelsful, ail Things confidcred, that ever was undertaken
l)y the Dutch, or any other Nation, yet there is lets Realon
fure for his undervaluing the Labours of another, or pre-
tending to call in quellion a Fait that was fo well attelled,
and which luis been verified by future F.xperiem •, efpeci-
ally when the Man was under Mist'ortunes, which, as wc
Ihall prefently fee, had iLich an Etfcifl upon him as to break
his I hart.

14. The Admiral on Dcr«w^(T 14. 1616. hoillcd Sail at
Bani.im, in order to proceed for Holland with the Two
Ships under hi' Command, of which the Ainj}erdam was of
the Huiilen of Fouiteen luini:red, and the Ze.'and of
Twelve hundred 'Ti-n. On the 2zd of the fame Month
died Jaquts le Maire, a Man jullly renowned lor his great
Skill m the Art of Navigation, and for his excellent Tem-
jier, as well as unblemilhed Character. On January 1.
1617. the /imjhrdam loll Sight of the Zcland. On the
24th, they anchored at the Itland of St. Maurice. On
March 6. they doubled the Cape -, on the 30th, they ;ir-
rivcd at St Helena, where they found the Zcland, which
liad anchored there fome Days before. On /Ipril 6. both
Ships put to Sea-, on the 24th of the f.ime Month, they
palled the Line •, and on July i. 16 17. they arrived fafely
111 Holland, having been out near 'Two Years and Eleven
Months. Their .'ieturn was extremely grateful to the Com-
piny, the Dneiftcrs of which bellowed the highell Com-
mendations on the Admiral, w4io had indeed beluved with
the utmoll Prudence, and fo conducted tliis Voyage, as
that it contributed alike to the Ad\antage of the Com-
lany, his own Reputation, and the Glory of his Country,
"ultitudes of People reforted to I'c^ him, and his Ships;
an Exrr.i(;l of his \oyage w;js immediately made public,
and the Dutch Eajl India Company may be fad to have
dafeil their Cirandeur, in rilivcl both to Reputation, and
Power, from the D.iy of his Return : The former, in
fome iiK.ihife, refulted tiom his very Aft of furrounding
the (ilobe \ and the l.itter took Rile from their Conquells
in the Moluccas, in wiiieh lu: not only allilled, butUkewii;;
brought Home the tiill .Ai count.

I-,. It is olilervable, that tLis great Commander took
the utmoll I'ains, not only to have an exa:t: .Account if
Ins own \'oy.ige di.uvii up, but to examine clolely into
wlut DilioveiKb !i.ul been maile by others. On his K-"tuiii
ti> Holland, liejullilid the Report of M.i^cl.dii, witn re-
fpei't to the gig.intie People dut inh.il'it the Streights, and
known to the Woild by his Name. Admind Srilt'ergm
faid, that they had gone alhore in tlieir N'oyage, and had
ix.imined livei.iUiiMvcs of thole People that inhabit them ;
and alw.iys tound their Boifus of tlie oiiliiur)' Siz ■, or ra-
ther IkIow it 1 aiivl that the Savages ti.ey law, tiom time
to time, in iheii C.inoes, were Hkewif- of the or J.inary S:?.,--,
but that tin 7 h.id one Day ol<lerved a Man on the Shore,
who lit 11 I limbed one IJiil, then another, to look ac the
F'leet i and came at l.ill to the Sea-lide for the lame Pur-
pofe i fo that he was leen by every boily, ;md they unam-
moully coicluded him taller than Magcllun Ipeaks ot ; w}',k:;i
loniiiiiis the Aicount given to Oliicr van Ac, ;v, and A"-
Md de M-'ecrt, by the Hoy they took from the Sav.iges,
\ix. tlut till re are but 'Two 'Tribes ot thefe (.li.uitb, and
tlwl the retl ot the Sava[',es are of die tomtnoji Size. 1 le
likewile leporttd, tlut on the Smith Side o! tlie Stieight
lie Uid obleivtd an open Paliage into the South Sea •, but,
as Ins InlWtionsilireeted hnn topafa ihrough the Stniohts
oi Mr.^cllan, he would net iiloue the i'iwfetH'.on of tluj
^ Lifcov.iy.

'^m

B'i

|B;;fl

I^Br i ' i'-^' 1

K^n

';* III
4 ffifl

7he V OY k G \L^ of

Book I.

• f

Difcovcry. TnJeed lome 5'/(f»»}4 Writers liave mentioned
the fame I'hing, and all agrrt, that, liy this new Pallhgi-,
a Ship might come much fooner into the South Sr,«, tliaa
by that ot' Magellan. Ihey pUce it, a<s well as he, alxjui
the Latitude of 54' •, ami if the Re-u'crisdcfiroiisct know-
ing the true Riafon, why Admiral Sptlhrgtn ncgkdcd this
ncwPalTjgc, which mi ;ht have been attended with Ibmc
Advantages, I believe it will not be difficult to alTgn it.
The exclufivc rr:vilcf;c which the Dutch Eaft India Com-
pany hid io lately obtained, and of which they were To
jealous, expreily mentioned the Streicht ot" Magdlan, and
the Pairagc- that Way to the Ea/i Indus \ and therefore, if
the Admiral had made a Difcovcry of another Streight, a
Doubt might have anfcn, whether this Paflage fell within
the Defcription of their Charter \ and therefore his Matters
might very polTibly have thought the whole Merit of his
Voyage cancelled by his making fuch a ITilcovery public.
I mult, for my own Part, confdTs, that I very much doubt
whether we (hould have heard a Word ot it, if U Maire'%
Voyage iud not b?en foon after puhliHird, which made the
concealing cf it a Point ot little Iii:porr.uice. To Ihcw,
however, that borh he and the Spj'-.ijb Writers were pcr-
fe<ftly in the r.^ht as to Matter ot l-act -, and tii.it the
new P.ilfagc of \/. liarbara, fo much boafteil of by tlic
Frnth, and faui to be difcovcred by them in the Yi.u- 1713.
is this very Paflage ; 1 fliall cite a few Lines from Mr.
Frtzitr's Voyage into the South Sea, in which wc have the
whole Story at larg-. I mud firft ohfcrvc, that the .:>/.
Barbara was only a lartm, comiiiamleJ by one Manam,',
and went t'rom Frr.i.if on a trading Voyage into the South
Seas 1 and now let our .Author fj^ak tor himfrlf " On
•' ///r;7 15. 1 7 1 3 . about Six in the Morning, /ajr; it.«, they
" failed from FJiz.iletb2>i)\ IteeringSouth-wertand .South-
•« weft by South, th y tf>ok the common Chanel tor that
•« of the K\va Majjatrt, and were Handing to South well
*• on an Illand, which thry took for the Daufbins: AITiftcd
»« by the Currents, which favoured them, and a good Gale
" at North-caft, they ran along tlut Idaiid -, and, an Hour
*' alter they had paffed it, they found thcmfelves in a large
*• Chanel, where, on the South Side, they law no other
" Land, but a Number ol fmall Iflands among Breakers.
♦' Then p<rceiving they hac! mifled their Way, they fought
*• for Anchoragr, to gain Time to fend the Boat to dif-
•• cover wliere they were i th'y found a little Bay, where
" they anchored in Fojrtren Fati.oin Water •, the Bottom
" grey Saud, and white Gravel. The next Day, being
•' May 26. they made ready at Seven in t'le Morning,
" and after making ibme Trips to git out of the Bay,
" which is open to thr I'jit S<^)Uth-eail, they llood South
" South and by Weft, and South South-weft, and at
•' Koon wrre got in troni Ixtwcen the IjnJs. They
" took an C)l)f rvation with very fair Weather, and found
" 54* ^4 latitude. This Obfervation was confirmed by
" that tiiey took tlie ntxr Day in Sight of a linall Illand,
" which bore I-all from them : Acton'r-g to tlic Globe,
*' they found ;=:4'' 29. That little Ifland was to the
*' Southward of a great one, t!r South-call I'oint
whcreol was called Bhuk Cape, Ix-caulc it is of that Co-

lour.

The h:tlc Idaiui here f'jokcn ol, is a Kock (hapcd

" like a Tower of an extr.iorctinary Height; clofe by
*' which there is a frnalltr, iviui h of the fame Shape ; by
" which a apjK-ars, that it wo'.ild b<- iinpolTible to nuls
*' th.it C fi.m! I, it It Wi-H fuught atfr by its latitude, upon
*• hK.hliiimiiar Ijnc'-marks. Tlic Ship's Crew lay, that
" there IS .1 gcKxl EJottoni, and tiiv great Sh.ips may pafs
" there without any F).inj;rr, tlie lame bring about Two
" Lcaj^s Itci! 'Thi'. Stteight is perhaps the lame as
*' that ot JeloHclie, which Monfieur rtV IJJle has laid
" down in his Lift Map o\ Ciiti : But as the t.ngliJbMi:-
" moirs, w'.ith he has been pleated to Ihew me, fcem to
*' plate It South of Cape /rcBdr/, it may l)c fuppofd,
" thu they uc I'vvo difTv-rent Streiglif. Perlups ally it

*' is tlie fame tiirough wiiicli the Squadron of Monfieur
" Je demies palTed out in the Year iO'>6." The Latitude
in wliicii both tlicfe I'alfaj^es arc faid to lie, Ihew thejn very
plainly to be the fame, and dcmonftratc, to every fenfible
Header, the Danger of granting too extenfive Powers to
exclulive Comjjanies. One thing more I fhali remark on
the Hiftory of this Expedition, and then proceed. The
Defeat of the Spanijh Armada in the li'eft Indies^ by this
Squadron of Vuich Adventurers, is the cleared Proof of
the great Superiority the free Spirit of a Republic ssill
always have over the rioft refined Politics of an arbitral y
Court. No Prince knew better than the King of Stain,
the Confeouencc of his Amtrican Plantations, or had the
Support of^ them more at Heart than he : And yet wc fee
in how ftiort a time the Subjefts of the State of Holland,
who, I ut very lately, were in a manner Slaves to the
Crown ot Spain, were able, on their own private Accounts,
and without any other View than the Benefits that were to
flow from the Courage and Conduft of their Commanders,
to lit out Squadrons capable of proceeding, in an hoftile
Manner, to the lyejl Indies, antl of giving Battle to the
greattft Strength, tlut, upon fair Notice of their Arrival in
thole Seas, the Officers ot' the Crown of Spain could draw
together. This, when attentively confidercd, will appear
to be a moft lurprifing thing \ inafmuch as that it makes
it evident, there is nothing rcquifitc to raifc a maritime
Power in any Country but Freedom, a wife and honell
Adininiltration cf (iovcrnmcnt, and the People's having
a moral Certainty, that they fhall enjoy undiliurbed what
by thiir L-abours they acquire. 'I'his encourages them
to exert their utmoft force in fuch Armaments, to bear
Difappoinmicnts with Patience, to repair tliem with Di-
ligence, and to perlirvcte, with unfhakcn Steadinefs, in
the Prolecution ot what appears to be their owt» Intereft,
at the lame time that it is acknowledged by the State to be
the public Intereft alio. We may likewife learn fix)m
hence, how very foon a Maritime Power is raifed, and
'-ow fuddcniy naval Force declines, when the Spirit, ne-
celTary to fupport it, begins once to decay. At the End
of the Sixteenth Century, the Duicb had fcarce learned t! e
Way to the i^eft Indies, and were obliged to have rc-
courfc to their EngliJh'iicx^YAxiun for Pilots fkilful enough
to navigate their Ships 1 but, in the Space of Twenty
Years, we fee the fame People fending thither powerful
Squadrons, aiming not at Plunder, but at Conqueft, de-
fying and defeating that Maritime Power which had ac-
quired fuch mighty Rcpuution by the Difcovcry, and
fuch a prodigious Strength by the Poffeflion, of both
Indies. But Reputation will vanilh, and Power muft
ncccflatily decline, when Men grow wanton with Wealth,
and employ the Gifts of Providence for other Purpofcs
than they were dcligned. As the Spaniards and Porluguefe
loft their \'irtue, and ftackencd their Induftry, convening
the Rewards of it to the Maintenance ot an empty Mag-
mlicence, and effeminate Luxury, priding thcmfelves in
Ixing ablblure Mafters ot other Nations ; inftead of being
adive and free, they funk alike in Credit and Dominwn -,
that Poverty and Diftrefs, for which they condemned the
Dutch, proving the immediate Caufes of their own Dc-
ftrudion, by the means of tliolc whom they fo much
dcfpifcd. i hefc are Reflc<?tions which naturally arifc from
the reading fuch Relations, and luppy arc the People
who make fuch ReHeftions in time, l.uxury and Cor-
ruption are equally taul to all j and, whenever we lire
them prevail, tfi>ecially in a Nation which owes its Safety,
Piofjxrity, and Grandeur, to Maritime Power, we may,
wiihout pretending to the Gift of Prophecy, venture to
loretcl, that tuch a Nation is not tar from being undone.
But it litinie to quit Refledlions, however juft, to purlue
the Thread of our Hiftory, which leads us to another
Subje.-t

SECTION

'^I^B

Part of tha

acquinng
applied hii
a Man in

famous for

perfect Kn
thrice thcr

^^1

Pilot, and

■SiW

was, of N

fli

le Maire t

i^H

think it I

^^1

Seas than

■

this was jK)
to the S

Commtxli

I^H

Schcxten a

fuch a Pa

1^1

to conlirn

Southern

Siibjc<^t, 1
fuch a Di

I^B

General ci

■

Eajl hid.
dilcoverii ;

^^1

from eitin

fequci'.ce
Maire, 1

^^1

wards the

and his F

IjMc le .1
nelifon iV.
fons, riz

"Janfon A
the fame

Chap. I. WilliamCornelisonSchovten. ff

S E C T I O N IX.

'J'he remarkable Foyage of Vf iL\.i hr,i Cornelison Schov^ten, o/" Horn, atsd ]kQ^zi
L E M A i R E, round the Worlds by a new Parage into the South Seas.

I. 7bt- Rife, Progre/s, an J true Defign, of this Undertaking, j. the flrange Reports J^read concerning it
in Holland, <J«i the Reajbns which make it probahU, that it was grounded upon Intelligence from England.
3. 'The Unity and Horn fail /rem the Tcxd, June 34. 161 5. 4. Tlmr Arrival on /ifee" Englifh C5<///,
-where they take in a Gunner and Carpenter, y . Proceed, without any remarkable jlccident, to the Coafi
of Africa. 6. Land at Sierra Leona for Refrejhments. 7. They careen their Ships on King's Jfland,
•where by Accident the Horn is burnt. 8. They continue their Voyage chearfully in the Unity, and have
a Sight of the Sebaldinc Jflands. 9. Difcover the new Streigbts, and call the Eajl Shore States Land,
and the tfejl Maurice Land. 10. They difcover Barncveldt'j Ifhnds, and pafs round Cape Horn.
II. Defcription of the JJlands of Juan Fernandez, and Dog Ifland. 12. An Account of the Ifland
Without Ground, and of its Inhabitants, ij. Defcription 0/ VVatcr Ifland, and Fly IJland. 14. They
make Prize of aflrange Bark, with a great many Indians on board it. 1 5. Account of Coco Ifjandy
and Traitors Ifland, inhabited by Negroes. 16. An Account of Hope Ifland, and its Inhabitants.
17. Difcovery of Horn Ifland, and a large Account of the Manners of the 'People. 18. Defcription of
Green Ifland, and St, John'i IJland. 19. Arrive on the Coafl of a Continent, which they take to be New
Guiney. 20. Difcovery and Defcription of Vulcan'i Ifland. zi. A large Account of farther Dif-
cweries. 2 J. They pafs the Line a Second time, and leave the Coafl c/' New Guiney. 23. Arrive
fafely in the Eafl Indies. 24,. Anchor in the Pert 0/ Jacatra, in the Ifland of ]:iva. 2j. Their Ship
feized by their own Eid India. Company, and their EfleSls conflfcated. 26. Their Arrival in HoW&nd,
July 1. 1617. 27. ObfervatioHS on this Voyage, and the Difcover ies made therein.

I . ' ■ ^ H E Sutes General of the United Provinces
I having granted to the E<{ft India Company an
M^ cxclufive Charter, prohibiting thereby all their
Su'ojcifb, except the faid Company, trom carrying on any
TraJe to the taftward beyond the Cape of Good Hope, or
Wclhvard through tlie Strcights of Magtllan, in any
Countries cither known or unknown, under very high
Penalties, this Prohibition gave very great Diftafte to
many rich Mercliants, who were deurous of fitting out
Ships, and making Difcoveries, at their own Cofts, and
could not help thinking it a little hard, that the Govern-
ment (hould thus, againll the Laws of Nature, bar thofe
Paflages which Providence had left free. Amongft the
Number ot thefc Merchants, there was one of Amfteriam,
who then refided at Egmont, very rich, well acquainted
with Bufincfs, and who had an earned Dcfire to employ a
Part of that Wealth, which he had acquired by Trade, in
acquiring Fame as a Difcoverer. With this View he
applied himfclf to IVtUiam Cornelifon Schovten, of Horn,
a Man in ca(y Circumftances, and who was defervcdly
famous for liis great Skill in maritime Affairs, and for his
pcrfeft Knowledge in the Tratle to the Indies, liavingbcen
thrice there himKlf, in tlie different Charafters of Matter,
Pilot, and Supercargo, or, as the Phrafe in thofe Days
was, of Merchant. The great Qucftion propofed by Mr.
le Maire to this intelligent Man was. Whether he did not
think it polTible to timi aiK>thcr I'alTage into tlie South
Seas than by the Strcights of Magellan ; and whether, if
this was poinble, it was not highly likely, that the Countries
to the South oi' tliat l'.!llagc might afford as rich
Commodities as cither tiie taji or tVeJl Indies ? Mr.
Schovten aniwercd, That dure was great Reafon to believe
fuch a Paffage might be tound, .-in. I llill Uronger Rcalbns
to confirm what he conjedurcd as to the Riches of thcic
Southern Countries. Alter many Converliitions upon diis
Subjeft, tluy tame at laft t>j a Refolution ot attempting
fuch a Difcovery, from a lull Perluafion, that the Sjutes
General could not intend, by their exclulivc Charter to the
Eaji India Company, to preclude their Subjcrts Iroin
difcovrring Countries on the South by a new Route, dillim^t
from cither of thofe mentioneil in that Charter. In con
fequcnce ot this Agrcenu nr, it w;is tlipulated, that le
AI<il>t\ and his Friends, (houKl advance one Moiety to-
ward.s the lueeH'aiy KxjM-ncc ot the Voyage, and Scbuvttn,
and his Friends the other. In puiiliance ot this Scheme,
Ifaac le Mture aJvanied his Pait ot the Money -, .uid Cor-
nelifon Sikovten, with the Alllflance of the lollowmg I'er-
fons, viz. Pelet CLmentfon, Biirgermaller of Hern •, John
JanfoH Aloli-nuen, one of the Siiie^Kii or Aldermen of
the lame I'l.ice i Jvl'n Clementfrnt Kas, Senator ot the iiud
5

Town } and Cornelius Segelfon, a Merchant of Horn ; laid
down the reft. It is certain, that fo many People of
Subftance would never have embarqued in fuch a Project,
if they had fo much as fufpefted, that the Eafl India Com-
pany had a Right to confifcate their Vtffels and Effeifls
whenever they had it in their Power : And we fliall here-
after fee, that the States General themfelves were of the
fame Opinion in a Cafe that lias happened in our own
Times, founded not only on the fame Reafons, but on
the very Difcoveries that were made in this Voyage. As
foon therefore as thefc Matters were adjufted, which was
in the Spring of the Year 1615. the Company engaged in
this Undertaking began to apply themfelves to the carry-
ing it into Execution, propoling to equip for that Purpofe
a larger and a lefs Veffel, to fail from Horn at the proper
Seafon of the Year. And that all Parties might be throughly
fatisfied, it was determined, lUai fVilliam Cornelifon Schovten,
on Account of his Age and Experience, (hould have the
Command of the larger Ship, with the fole Dircftion of
the Voyage ; and that Jaques le Maire, the eldeft Son of
Ifaac le Maire, fhould be the firft Supercargo. The
Company were I'o eager in the Profecution of their Defign,
and to attentive to whatever might be neceffary to pro-
mote it, that in the Space of Two Months all Things were
ready, and a llitficient N iiinber of Men engaged for navi-
gating both Siiips. Bur, as Secrecy was ablbluiely neceffary,
the Seamen were articled in general Terms to go where-
ever their Mailers and Supercargoes fliould require ; and,
in Coiilidemtion ot to unufual a Condition, their Wages
were advanced conliderably i which was a Circumllancc of
fuch Conllquence, and there were in thole Days fo many
adventurous Spirits, thi't they did not find it at all diHicult
to make up their intended Complement ; which gave them
an Opportunity of chufing none but experienced Mariners,
on whole Skill and Fidelity tluy could depend, a Circum-
llance of the utiiiott Conl'equencc in a Voyage of this
Nature, where the I'empers of Men were furc to be
thoroughly tried.

I . Thefe extraordinary Preparations, bur, above all, the
mighty Secrecy that was oblcrved, cauf d a i:,reat Noife,
not only at Jmjierdam, but all over Holland, where Peo-
ple realoned on the Intention ot this Voy.ige, according to
t!ie feveral Degrees ot their Capacity and Exper.encc, (bmc
tanlying they were bound to one Place, Ibine to another >
but the common People thought they hit upon their pro-
per Title, in calling them the Gold-finders ; whereas the
MerJiants, who were better verfed in fuch Matters, called
them, with greater Propriety, the South Company, and in-
deed that was their true Delignation •, tor the real Defign
ot Ifaac u- Mture was to difcover thofe Southern Regions,

ric V O Y A G E S »/

Book r.

1!»

^o which ff* l*foy)le had hithfito travelled rvni in Imagi-
nation, and whiili, by an unarcoiintabl'* indolence, re-
main, in a great mrulurf, iiiuUfcovcrcd (o tliis I>.iy. To
l^iAik. the 'Inith, fhs wii< ilif /Vf.c ot Dilcovcncs, one
Man's Sucafs whrttinf; tiir SNit ot another \ and perhaps
this vciy I'ndcTtakin^ niirjit (pnnf, from Tome Acfoimtt
that IfiUic le M.iin; who wa^ thdirft Author of the Voy-
a;.',e, miglit have had from I'nj^land. I d" not f'.iy this,
from a rhiliilh rorwIneC'; for <Hir own Country, fiom my
Pnin.liic .urtir.a llu* Dutch, or IXirc ot lobhinp ):■»■
nifV^ers ol iluir I'vic I'lailf •, biit I fprak of what was then
tiii|v^le>l, ar.vl I Ihall pivc the Reader niv Kealons lor it.
1 intinu:ai, in fpiikuii; ot" Sir Francis Driikc\ N'oyopcs,
tlut it would have Urn Iiapj7 tc^ us and tor I'olUrity,
it Ik h'l wtitrcn ai Account ot" them hinilllf. Sir Hi-
(l.^ij i7„:t*,;if, \v1ki km w him well, tells us that it was
f!K' Opinion of Sir /•>■,)>%/', that what w.»s griierally called
the SiHKh Slion* ot the Strn;;hrs of Magellnn, was, in
icaliiy, no nior. than a Clullcr ot' Iflands, or broken L^nd.
Nay, he ^ocs farther, and affirms, that he h'.ard Sir Francis
Drake |jy. tha*, havmr- i-afTcd the Streights, a Storm tix)k
liiin at Scrth well, ;>,miI afterward', veerevl alx)ut to the
Sinitli-wcn, coiitmu::!^ many Days with (liih Vtul'-nce,
tliit his Ship couli tarry no Sail: When rlv.- Sturm was
ever, utul he had an Oppirtuniry of" taking; aiiUblcrvaiinn,
he found himfelf in io' of Longitude-, from whence he
nillly eonrct'itrd, that he h.td Ken blown quit" round the
Strciphts ; tor, xs we hsvf obferved mire than once,
bcth thr F.ntranccs of the Striights ol Maj^tUan arr in the
fame l.atitu.le, whiih is ..b<)\it r^i' 50. Sir Frnitis Dr.ih
Vts To flronply ptrfuailril ot thi', that, tirhiin*; it difiiiiilt
|o doi'ble the Southermolf IHand, he arrhorcd under the
l,ee oi it-, an', poing afl^ore witli a C'ompat's he lound
the South Torn ol the Iilam!, over which, layin!:» hlmfclf
fat upon his Un-afl. \v hung lor a Minute or Two -, and
then, it-lurni ip on Iwarii his Ship, toKl his Seamen, that he
ha'l been lartltcr South than any Man had ever been f»efc)re.
It IS very jTohahle, that lomc of tholi: who envied Sir
J'rsnci!, made hght of thefe Particulars when he firfl
rclatcl th -m, and treatrd tliein as Travellers Stories are
oficn rre.ited ; but Sir Riclrrd Hawkins, wh.o had lieen in
ti-.oli- ."-trciphts, and was a very jtuhcions Man, as a great
Navii^itor, kept thrl'e Sayings in his Mind -, and, alter If
had i()'ni«n-,! what Sir Franas faui with t'le Apix-arame
uf thol"c Striiphts, hi reailily concurml with him in Opi-
nion. Yit, t"ii;>iHilinp this to Iv the Cafe, there was no
I'.fj Nicnt in le Muire't, I'rojert, than there would have Ix-tn
witliout It, fince it rniuii-jd preat Sag.icity to diUmguilh
a true iif-j«)it, in a CaJc of this Nature, Irom a living
Tall- -, M\A teliiifs Sir Ir.m.is Drake never advanced any
thing with n par»i to a Sjiithern C ontinent, that was in-
tiiely gurlVei! at by the Contriver of this \'oyagr, Irom the
laws of Nature, and a nift Conruirritiun ol the Har-
mony, vk!.!ih IS, in oth^r n-fjk-^t^, ohkrveJ 111 tlicDilIri
buti'in «■! I.m.i and \V ater. in tin lUpinninp ot the
M'/Hth ol /"•;..;■ I'l-,. the South Company ilitw thtirMen
t'lpclicr-, an.;, en t!ie i^th of tli.it Month, they wur
rniihreci i«-l.>re the Mapiilrates of Hem, uwk their Leave
til their In nds and Kiiations, and piei-iied to embark t,n
txiari their S'.uyn.

J. 1 he b:pg-ll: of thefc VelTels w.^r called Th:l'n;ty, f)f
fill- Bur-.lfP ot ,'(1 ' Ion, eari>ii'p Nineteen Fiee < s ol Can-
r.on, an, I Tv.eive Swiv. iv. .S;ic had on |>o,irit hkewiU- a
I'lnnavc to ad, and anotiier to row, a 1 juik Ii fur l.UKlinc
ot Men, am! a Imall B.>at, with ail otlif r Neietlarics what
ever lor fo long a Voyage ; ;uxl ol this N'elVel // li.iam C.or-
ttfl<Joa :;U"--,.tin ».i< Ma'.ter ai.tl I'liot, aiul 'J.,^uei le Maire
hiip.rcarpc. I he Kli r Sta,i s^.is la.lril -Ivr f/orn, ol ihe
Hiitdn ot 1 ifi Ton, eairyin^r I igtit taiiion, and l-oui
hwivcls 'J'^lti Ccnu^:fcn S.it:'teM .^lilUr, anil .-/i/j C!atv-
fon Supcrcarjjo. 1 he Lrcw ol tii( ti.rnitt (unfillei! of bixty-
iive Men, and the latter i/f Twenty-two only. The i miy
tnkd May 2^. lor t.^e •frxt!, wiiere the J/rin likrwite ar-
rive. I 'June j. loilowinp, tlut l*\"/, lulp/i! th- proji-rell
•Vafin <j| thr ^'ear lor theiii to prtucu on tliiir V()).|i;e.
(>:i Ji4/ti i.\. ih<-y lail( 1 out (jI ilie Jcxe.', MvA, pafling in
Sig:it ol Diiihrk, bctw.en Di/:rr m\A(ji.'jis, amhnreil <.n
the I -,111 in the J)o:.ns, wlidi li'iHiam Lurni.'iioH ^tLcvun
Weill on ll.ore at Djitr, m utda «o get Irtlli Walsr, .titd

to hire on Iin<^li/b Gunner 1 wliich accnrd'ingly he did, and
that l)ny fentium on bturd. They failed again in the Even
inp, ami met with lev. ral large Dw/t/" Ships iailen with Salt
In the Night betsveen the till and 7 id, they were grie\'
oully riilUcd by a Storm -, which obliged them to put into
the llle of ll'ii^tt lor Shelter, where Captain Schovlen en-
deavoured, if (xiHible, to have hired aCarjxntcr, but with-
out Sncct'ts, which obligt^i them to fail oh the j.-,th fui
PIxmoiitb, where he arnved on the 27th, and there hired a
CarjKnter of Miydeniilick. This fliews the gre.lt Kl>r ,
that the Englijb Artificers were then in •, tor it cannot i)'-
preliimed, that I'erlims of fuch Knowledge in Maritime At
fairs, as Sthoitfn and le Mnirc, would have neglected lure
ing fuch nctelVary Orticers as Gunners and Caruenter,
in Holland, if they had not believed it for their Intere.'
to have A»if///?'»»r« in thole Stations J which flrongly cui,
firms what John 8tou-e tells us in his l liftory, that, towaui.
the latter Lnd of the Rti(;n of CJieen EliZiibelh, tht re were
vail Numbers of Ship-carpenters here, who were ellccnvil
the l>etl VVorkiiKn in Europe, anil were withal accomphnuil
Seamen likcwife -, which is alll) taken notice of by Sir Rithmi
Hawkins, in his Obfers'ations.

4. On July 2S. they faileil from Plymnfb with a North
North call Wind, and very fair Weather. On the 2gth,
Captain Scl'cvten made a Signal for all Ollicers fo conic - :i
Ixuril -, when it was rcfolved in a Council, to Ii trie the Hi'-i
ol their Sea Allow.incc in fuch a manner, as that the Men
might have no Rcafjn to complain, and their Officers be i;i
no Apprehenlions of their wanting I'rovifions during tl'.e
Courle of fo long a Voyage. The Rate they fixed in th-
lollowin;; Portions ; 1/2. a Can of Beer a Man every Pay,
lour I'otiiuis of Bilcuit, halt a Pound of Butter, and m
much fWeet Suet, lor the Week, together with I ivc larg;
Dutrb Checks, that were to fervc them the whole V'oy.ig-.
This W.IS cxelufive of Flclh or Filh : And we may, fiom
htnce, form fome Notion of the Frugality the Dutib vi-
^iilled with in thofc Days, and from which they have de-
viate.l very little iver fmce. They likewifc made the nc-
cellary Orders tor the due Regulation of the Voyage, direci-
inp, that, in cafe of landing Men, one of the Mailers Ihoiild
always (oinmand ; that, in Ports where they went to trade,
the Su|)ercargo fhould go on Ihore, and have the folc Pi
region of the Commerce ; that, on board, every OfTictr
Ihould l>e lliiifl in the F'xecution of his Duty 1 but without
J uttmg unnectflary Hardftiii's on the Men, or interleiir,;;
with other Officers in their Commands -, that none of the
Officers rtiouKl hold any Converlijtion with the Seamen, i.i
relation to the Delipn of the Voage, which being folely in
the Breall ot the liill Captain and Suj>ercargo, Conjiiflurcs
mull be fniitlels, ami might Ik- ilangerous -, that any tin-
lv7./.lement ot I'rovifions, Stores, or Merdiandi/.e, fhould be
I'evercly punilheel -, and, in cafe of their being reduced to
fhort .'Xllow.mee, then DlVeiiies ol this Nature to l>c punilh-
eil with Death -, that the Two Su|)crcargocs rtiould keepclear
and ililUnCt Journals of all Proceedings, for the Ufc of the
Company, rh.it it might plainly apjiear, how tar every Man
hadilone hi;, Duiy, ard to what Digree the Fnd ol the Voy-
age h.id iK-en anfvvered. All thcle Rules were very exae'tly
olifei ved, ami p.irticularly the lail -, lo that, from thefe Joui-
na!s kept by the Suj«-icargne<;, this A((ounr has been
tik:n. On fu'.y S. lx-ing in the Latitude of ^i>' 25', their
Carpnter's Mate dietl. tJn the oth and loth, witii a North
North-eafl Wind, and a IliH' (iale, they ftooil on then
Courfc, without putting in to I'arto iianto, or Madeira, ot
winch they had Sight on the i ith. The Reulim was, that,
hivin^^, as they (onceivei!, Viiftuals fuiricient for the Voy-
age, they dctirminei.l not to lole lime, by going neril-
le!ly on ihor'-, eli'rcially lime hitherto their Mm wire vi-
gmous anil m pmHl I i-alth -, whuh Refolution was tound-
eil on an Oblervai, m m.iile by Caj t.nn iibo'ilen, tlut many
Voyages had Ix-en lull, by ungeiiiig in Port without a;,y
urgent Canle, when the Winds ami Siafcns were tan, and
their Courfe nvght have Itren profec. t'-d without Deiiy.
On the I 2th, they h.ul Sj.ht ot many ol the Natives ot
thole I'.lands 111 tluir tioats lollowing thim at the Ditlanie
ot aljoiit Two L( agues, witli duats, fowls Lruits, and
other Helielhiijents, whuh tluy ufuilly larticd on U-arJ
Slups, tli.it apjuar in .^ight -, bur ilie Dmilmtn, m jiif'
luaiiic C'l iht KejiulatJoiib ilicy liad cHabhlhcd, Cid no; lliek
i Soil,

Chap. I. WlLLiAKtCoAr^ELlSoNScHOVTEN. 55

itn, 111 I'uis

Sail, but continued thrir Courfe ^ and the fame Conduft
tljry very ftcadily purtucd titrough their whole Voyage.

5. On July li. they failed between the I (land tneriff
.m\ the grand G/warjf, with a ftiff North North-eaft Wind,
an' I fwift Current. About the 1 5th, the fame Wind and
Cuu It following them ftill, they pafled the Tropic of C(j«-
,/)•• The 20th in the Morning, they fell in with the North
Side of CajK Verd. At Sun-rifing the Cape lay Weft by
Sonth from t'lcni ; io tli.it the North North-eaft Wind would
n,t fiiftVr tliini to gtt beyond it \ but kept them there at
Am hor all that Night. The 25th, the Moorijh Alcaid came
,n boani tlvin, with whom "they agreed at tlic "rrc of
!• ght States of Iron for a .Supply of freftj Water. Thev
i, It the C'lix- Jvguft I. and the 21ft of the fame Month
thfy fiw tlic liigli I and of Sierra Lttna, and alfo the Illand
of Miidnikmla, which lies on the South Point of the iiii^h
! ..nml of .Sierra f.rona, anil North from the Shallows of Si.
.//.•«'s Idtiui. This Land of Sierra Lima is the higheftof
.'li, th.it liis brtwccii Cape VerdmA the Co.ift of Guiney ; fo
fliat dir I'oint is very eafy to be known. Here they would
iuvc Uncled, running up to the Point over the Baixos or
Shallows of .9/. -^w/'s at Ten, Nine, Eight, Seven and Five
Kathom W ater, it being ftil! deeper to the North, but Hial-
lower to the I'.aft •, fo that, in the F.vcning, they anchored
with a Hij^h-water at Four Fathom and a half foft Ground,
and at Night at Three Fathom and a half. The izA,fVil-
li.im Schovioi, in the Horn, led the Way off the Shallows,
llccring North North-eaft, with a North-weft Wind •, by
which Courfe they were intirely difengagetl from the Baixos,
And got into Thirteen Fathom Water. FVom hence they
went to the Iflands cf Madrabombn, which are very high,
and lie all Three on a Row South-weft and North-eaft, half
a If ague from Sierrit Leona to the Seaward. Here they
had fhallow Water at Four and F'lve F.uhom, and foft
miiti.fy Ground. They anchored a League from tlic Illand,
wliicli appeared to l)c very full of Bogs and Marftics, and
all over waftc like a WiKlerncfs, fcarcc fit to entertain any
other !nh.ibit.inrs than wild Beafts, and indeed not fceming
to have any other. CJoing aftiorc the 23d, they found a
Rivrr there, the Month of which was io ftoppcd up with
.*^;iniis, .md Cliffs cf Rockr, that no Ship could get into
Ic ; y< t, within, the W.»ter was fufTicieiitly deep, and the
Breadth fiich too, as to t'ive a Ship tree Scope to turn and
\.ind herfclf about, as ftie fhould have Occafion. Here they
l.iw Tortoifes, Crocodiles, Monkeys, wild Oxen, and a
Sort of Birds, which made a Nolle, barking like Dogs.
I'hcy met with no Fruit Init I .emons, fomc few Trees of
which tluy found, after a tedious Search. The 29th about
N(H)n, they got .above the IHands of Madrabomba Wcft-
w.ird, along to the North Parr of the high l^nd, till they
hail Twelve and Fifteen* Fathom Water, and, in the Even-
ing, got about the Point.

6. On the 30th, being alTifted both by the Wind and
Current, they arrived before the Village, that looks upon the
KcTil nf Sierra Lecna, where they anchored atF.ight Fathom
Water, a little from the Shore, in a very landy Bottom.
The Village confiftcd of about F.ight or Nine poor Houfes,
covered with Straw ; the Moon that dwelt there, were
willing to come aboard, only demanding Pledges to be left
alhore, to fecure their fafc Return •, Ixxaufea French^h\[>,
tfiat came thither before, had jicrfidioufty carried off Two
of them : So /fr/V Clawjon tlv Merchant went alhore, and
ilaid ihi'te amongft them, driving a imail Trade with them
tor l^emons and Bananas, which they exchanged for (ilafs-
beadt ; and in the mean time they cainc on board, bringing
.in Interpreter with them, who fjwkc all forts of Languages.
Heru they hat! a good Opportunity of furnifliing themfelves
with frefti Water, wliich pouring down in great Qiiantities
from a very high Hill, they had nothingtodobut toplacc
their Banels under the I'all of the Water to receive it.

There were alfo v.tlt Woods of Lemon-trees here, which
ni,adc I .emons fo cheap to thnn, that, for a few Beads and
Knives, they might h.avc had 10,000. September i. they
drove away before the Stream, and anchor, vl that F.vening
at the Mouth qf the Sea, before a fmall River. Here they
took an Antelope in the Woods, with Lemons and Palnii-
los i and hod good Succefs in their Fiftiing. The 3d, tlie
Maftcr brought in a great Shoal of Fifh, tliat were of tlic
Sjiapc of a Shut-maker's Knife, aiid as tiuny Lemons as caiuc

NvUB. 4.

to 150 for every Man'* %m. The 4th, they failed
from Sierra Leona early in the Morning. Oilobtr ,;. they
made 4" if South Latitude \ and, the fame Day at Noon,
they were ftnngely lurprifcd with a very violent Stroke
given to one ot tliiir Ships \n the lower Part of it. No Ad-
verfary appearc«i, no Ro» k wai in the Way to be encoun-
tered with J hut, while tliii amulcd them, the Sea all about
them began to change iti Colour, niul looked as if fome
great Fountain of Blootl had been opened into it -, tliis
fudden Alteration of the Water l)ring no lefs furprilii.g to
them, than the Striking of the Ship \ but the Caufe both
of the one and the other they were equally ignorant of, till
they came to Port D(fire, and there fet the Ship upon the
Strand, to make her clean \ Uve then they found a large
Horn, both in Form and Magnitude refembling an Ele-
phant's Tooth, flicking fall in the Bottom of the Ship. A
very firm ami folic! B<xly it wa», and fecmed to be equally
fo all over, there being nothinii of a Cavity, or a light and
fpungy Matter in the Mjdft cit it, but all over as denfe and
compaft a Subftancc, «i tint in the exterior Parts. It had
pierced through Three very flout Pliitiks of the Ship, and
razed one cf the Ribn of her k lb that it ftuck at Icaft half
a Foot deep in the Plankn \ and there was about as much
that appeared witliotit the great I lole »p to the Place where
it was broken of^'. And now the Riddle was completely
folved, this Horn beiiiu the Spoil of fomc Sea Monfter,
that had thus rudely aflaultcd the Ship with that piercing
Weapon i and, after the Tlmill, not being able to draw it
out again, had thrre broke it \ which was attended with
fuch a plentiful Kflflifion of Blood, as had difcoloured the
Sea to that Degree. Having now failed fo far, that none
in the Ships, but the Mafter, knew where they were, or
whither they intended, Hp<tn the ;/;th, they difcovered their
Defigns to the reft of the Company, of going to find out a
new Southern Paflfage into the great Pacijic Sea. This they
had kept very dofe to themli-lvcs Ix-fiirc, but now thought
it Time to reveal the Scheme, there Ix-ing no Danger of de-
feating it; and the Com])any ap|icarcd to be very well
plcafed with ir, hoping (0 light on fomc golden Country
or other, to make them Amends lor all their Trouble and
Danger. 'The a6th, they made 6' }.r; South Latitude^
failing the reft of that Month inoftly Southward, till they
had made 10'' 30. Nvvtmbtr 1, they had the Sun North
of them at Noon. The id in the Afternoon, they had
Sight of Martin l^ad'* Ifland, called Afcerfion^ under 20' j
and here they obiitvcd the Comp.ifs to vary to the North-
eaft Twelve Degreen, The aift, they came under 38*
25', and had a deep Water, whole Bottom they could not
reach with their Lead. I lere the Variation of the Compals
was .Seventeen Degrees to the North-eaft. Deeember 6.
they had a Profpc^t of I .and, not very high, but flat and
white ; and, quickly alter, fell in with the North Side of
Port Df/re, and, that Night, anchored within One League
and an half from the Shore, in I'en Fathom Water with an
Ebb, that ran .Southward a% llrongly as the Sea runs be-
tween Flu/hing 1 leads,

7. 'The 7th, keeping a South Courfe, at Noon they
came before the I lavcn of Port IJeJire, whicli lies under 47°
40 . At the F.ntry of it ihcy hud very hi;;,h Water ; neither
did any of thole ClitVs appear, which van Noort had de-
fcribed, and which he left Northward in lading into the Ha-
ven. If there weit- any, they were all uiuler Water 1 but
the CliflTs lay optii .uul vil'JjIe Cflough towards tha South
Point, which therelure might l)et!ioie, which A'(7or/ intend-
ed. Upon this they went on, filling li) tar Southward, as
to mifs the right iJiancl. 'They came into a crooked Bay,
where, .it High warrr, tiny had but Four Fathom and an
half, and at Low hut I'ouifccn I'cet \ by which means the
Unity lay with Iter Stern fall iigiound, and, if a brilk G.^jc
from the North-ealt had bl'wn, Ihe mull infallibly have
Ixen loft I hut, the Wiiul blowii)|j; Well fron) the
l.and, flic reeoviird again. I lere they lound Plenty of
Kggs amoiigd tiic C'lilVn itnd tlie Hay alfonled them Muf-
fcls, and Smelts of Sixteen liick'n in Length, and therefore
tfiey cidlcii it Siu.lt-biiy. 'Their SluUop went to the Penguirt
Iflands, and cuiiu- liaik wuli ko Penguins, and Two Sea
Lions. The Htli ImIoit Noon, they (ailed out of the i'w//-
/'(Jt, and anchored lull bclare Pyrt Utjire. The Shallop
wa« tmployej Lituit' itaiul tu iMtui the pepth of the Ctrv

'.H^

■H

' m

' 1^'

T/jc V OY AGE S of

Book I.

■ I

fit

i'-'i

k5-# !?'■

ncl » which proving to l)C Twelve or T)iirtrcn Ksithom,
fhcy lioMly cntrr.- :, having a North-call Wind to rarry
them alorg : But, alter a iittli more than a Lcap.uc's Sail-
ing, the Wind bci^an to \cri- about, and tliey anchored at
Twenty Ka-hom ; but, the iiottom they were upun beiny
only flippery Stonu, and the Wind now blowing hard at
Ndith-weft, thiir Anchors could not prcfcrvc thcni Ironi
t^nvin;? aw»y with that rough Wind upon the Sovithirn
Sliorc I 16 lK>th thcle Sliips were like to be wrcckecl toRf-
thrr. The Vnily lay with her Side upon the (Jlifis j but
flill kept the Water, and, by thi- Kali of the Sea, was gra
tUially Hidden Aiwn tower and lower into it ; but the /hrn
(hu k, lb as that her Keel was above a 1-athoni out of Wa-
ter, and a Man might have walked dry under it at Low
W atcr. She was, tor Ibmc time, obliged to the North-
well Wind, that, by blowing hard upon her Side, kept her
trf>m tailing over i but, tlut Siip]x)rt being gone, with the
Wind that gave it, flic Junk down upon that Skie at leall
Three Feet lowci than tlu: keel: I'jwn which Sight they
pave her over lor loll -, and yet the fueceeding Floo^l, which
cinic on with flill W'tathcr, let her upright again -, and lx)th
l>ie ami her Companion ^at clear ol that Danger. The qih,
til* V went laitht r into the Kiver, and came to King's Ifland,
whu h they toiind nil! <i black Sea-mews, and almoil covcr-
C\! over with iheir tggs. A Man, without draining to
reai ii. iniyht liav^ taken between Fifty and Sixty Nells with
Jus 1 lanil, cav h ol which liave I hrce or Four t^s apiece ;
fn that th y were (jtiikly lumilhei.1 with fomc Thoulands
<.t (hem. I he iiih, tiie Boat went in .Scarth of gcxiJ
W ati r lcw( r down the River, on tlie South Side •, but liximi
it ail (it a brai kiOi unplcaliuit J alle. Ihey law Oftriches
lieu, ami a Stnf (if Bealls like Harts, with wonderful long
N'erks, and extremely wild. I'jion the high Hills, they
louiui gicat I leaps of Stones, umler which fome monftrous
Car(j;c^ luil Ixen buried. There were Bones of Ten and
Fli vin lict lonj; In all I'robabihty they were (if of ra-
tional (. reatuiri , lome Bom s ot die Giants of that Country,
No Water wa'. to be Ibund here lor fcvcral Days together;
Ic) th.1t, iho* ihey lad Plenty ot g<x)d Filh and Fowl, tlky
triu! 1 meet with no Drink to wifti it down. On tlic 17th,
thty Uri thet'w.jr dry uion kjtg't IJland, in onicr to clean'
hei i which they prrf'>rincd very fuccelsfully. On the 1 8th,
they liktwilc haled rhe/Zar/ion fliorc for the fame Furjxife,
and plaird her atx)ut 200 Vards irom tlie other Ship. On
th" ii)th, a very lirradtul Accident hap|>cned i lor, while
ihey Wire hu(y cli.iniii!; both Sliip«, in order to which it
W.U nrretfary to light .i lire of dry Reeds umicr the Horn,
i; til f. il out, that the Maine j;or into the .ship, and lit it
<in Fite ; anJ, ai they were Htty leet from the W atcr-
fiile. thev were toiveil to fland tlill, and fee her bum, with-
out lieiiigaLle to i!o any ihmg tow.irds tiitinpj thing it.
O the lotn, at High-water, tlity launched the Umiy, arul
the rex: Day cjrric«!on bfjard her all the \N«xxi, Iron-work,
Aiicnofs, and I'lccts of Cannon, and whatever ellc ihcy
wireabli to lavc cut ot the Hern. On the 25th, loiiie ot
the Sa. io;s luund < n.iin Holes lull of trtth Water, which
was white and thick, but well tailed, a great (.^oiitity ot
whii li thev ( a; I led on l-iwrd in (mall Ca(ksu|x)n their Slioul-
den. I hey met h re *i!li great Numl>cis of .Sea Lioiis -,
the y<'Ungoiwsthcy cjt, and toui'd them pretty gixid iixxl.
'1 Ik .Va f Kin is a Creature jl% big as a Inull 1 lorte ; tlieir
Hi,ul^ ii'linibl' l.ion* exai-ily , on thiir Necks tlicy have
Jonp, Man. s <it a t(iiij.;ii linng Hairi but thi» i.s to l)c un-
tielkooi ot tlu I If tioiis only: lor the She-lion is without
H..11, a:)il not .ilxiii lull as big ,is the Male. Thiy are a
Ivild Uercc AmiiliI, nut to be lieftioytd but by Mulket-
lhu(.

8. '/JHnan 1 ^ tlity tail:d out of Tort Pe/rre -, Init, hav-
im:^ .iCalir, th- y .miiioad Ixloie the H.ivcn, till the Kili/ig
*i| tnc Wind i;,vmil tlum to jiirliie their Voyage. 1 he
iSin, Nmi', ill .,1 ■, thy 1 iw iiv StialiUu IHands •, wliicii
they obfervcd to he in nut Pofition and Diflanee lioin tin
Strright, tlut lie llrtri .'la.l determined . The jodi, being
then in -y', they oNeivtd the gre.it Current, thu inns
.South weU ; and now iluy reckt,; i ialx.iu 1 w, n;y Leagues
Sirtitiward trom the Ma-eiiantc Smij^hts. lie i ^J, they
had .in ii;, certain ihiitinu ^^ nui, and th. W.itn a|ijitaral
wt.it', as it tiny had tKi ii within the Land. Tiiey h< Id
thtirCourl- iouUi by Welt, a;ia tlie laniv Day uv/ Lai.O,

iKaring Weft and Weft South-w;ft from them, and quick-
ly alter to the South. 'I hen attempting, by an Fall .Soutl.-
caft Courfe, to get beyond the Land, the hard Nurta
Wind, that bl:w then, conftrained thtm to take in their
Topfails. The 14th in the Forcnoo.i, they liiw Liind a
Surboanl, about a League's Diftancc, llretching out l-^ll
and South, with very high Hills, all covered with Icei luil
then other Land bearing I'.aft fiom it, high and ragged ;u
the lormer. They gucflld, the Lands they had in thele
'I'wo Frofpcdls lay about Fight Leagues alundi r, and tli.ii
there might be a gooii F.ilVagc between tlicm, becauli iJi ^
pretty brifk Current, that ran Southward along by them.
AtKJut Noon, they made e, ^.' 46 , and then btgan to maki
towards the alurc-mcntiuned 0|)rning \ but the fuccecding
Calm prevented it. i lere they (aw an incredible Nunibvi
ot I'cnguins, and fuch hu^c Shoals of W' hales, that they
were forced to proceed with a great deal ol Caution, fur
fear they (houkl run their Ship upon them.

g. The 15th in tiic Forenoui, they got up ck>rc by the
Faf^ Land, which, upon the North Side, reaches F.ail
SouCh-eaft as far as the FLye can follow it. I'his they called
States Land \ and to that, which lay Weft, they gave the
Name ol' Maurice iMid. Th'y obl'ervcd there were good
Roads and landy Bays, good Store of Fiih, Penguins, and
Porpoiles, and Ibmc Sorts of Fowl \ but the l^uid adjacent
fecmeti qiutc bare of Tret s and Wcxxls. They had a North
Wind at their Flntraiure into tliis Paflage, and dire/Ud their
Couiie South Souih-w<ft ■, lb that, going pretty brilkly on,
at Noon they niaele r,^' ^6 , and tlnn held a South-well
Courlo, having a good ftitf Gak to blow them forwank.
The l.and, u|x>n the .South Side of tlie PaHage, at tli-
Weft F.nd of MauTKt I.jMd, appeared to run Well South
weft, and S<Mith-wt.ft, as tar as they coukl lie it, and .^11
very craggy uneven (jrouud. In the tvcning, having i
South-weft Wiiui, they llcercd .Souihwaril, meeting wi; 1
mighty Wavis, that came rolling along Ixfoie the Wim! ;
and the Depth of the Water to the 1 .reward from theui,
which ajjpcarcd by lome very evident Signs, gave theni a
lull Afrurame, tlut the great South Sea wis now befnr.
thim, into which tluy halt alnioft made tlieir Way by ii
i'aifagc of tiicir own Difcovery. 1 he .Sea-mews theieabouf;
were larger than Swans, anil their Wings, when eitendJ
to the lull length, fpread about the Compals of a I-athuni.
They would cooieand very tamely fit down upon the Shi|',
and fuller thcixUcJvcs to be taken by Hand, widiout aii)
Fndcavours to Hy away. The 26th, they made 57°, anJ
wire there ruffled by a brisk Storm out of the Weil
and South- well. The Water was alio very high, and Uue.
1 hey ftiU held all tliis Day their Courfe to the Suuthwaril,
but chang'd it at Night for a North-weft onci in wlnJi
Quarter ilicy dilcovered very lugh Land. The J7th, ility
were under .56° •■; i , the Weather very coU, with Hail uuJ
Rain, the Wind Weft and Weft by South. They went 1
Southern CcHirfe, and then croflcd Northwartl, with thri.
Main-fiuls. i he jKiIi, they lioifted up their I'op-liuls, ana
had great Billows out of tlic Weft, with a \Veft aii.'
then a N<»rtli-caft Wind, .iiul therewith helil their Courli
.South, and thru Weil and Well by South, which brovi;,li:
tiirm under 56' 48 .

10. The lyth, diey lud a North-eaft Wind, and lui;
their Couiic Souih-wcft, wliuli [\ivc iIhtu the Prorp»iH i.?
Two Llands, Ukt round with C litfs, .nul lyi'ig \\\i.
South-well Ironi them 1 tin y j.',ot up to them .it Noon,
but (oukt not liiil above tiiem, and thrretore held titer
Coui fe to the North, llicy j;ave tl.em the Name of !'•'-
nevelt'f. IJlnnds, aixl Itaind t.'icir Latitude to be 57" Soot'.
Taking a Nonh-wrll C<.urle trom hence in thir Lvtn'iij;,
they law land again, lying North-weft and North Noitl:
Will trom them i tins was tlu: high hilly Luid, covmii
with .Snow, tlut lay Southward Irom the AUfieiLn:
Striighis, ei'ding in a ftiarp Pmnt, whiili iliey tall< d CiH>
Hi'n, and lyin^', m ,, ■" .(S . Th' y laid their Coiufe no.'.
Wtilwaid, in which Couilc thty foUiid a Uroi-g Curnn:
that ran that Wjy too, yet h.id the Wind in the Nnrtl'.
and gr<at Hillovs rolling out ol the Well upon thur.
The j.^tli, the KiHows ^tnd th.' Cuirent ftiil laii as belori .
and now th>y gathered a tu;l .Aliinamt trom hence, liu'
tlic NN'ay »a» o|>-n into th. .Soutn ica ; this Day n'.aJc iIk
l^ut'juc of 57' J.;.. The jift, they fadal Well, wiiii

»f.>

H)k I. ^1 chap. I. W t L L I A M C O R N R L I S O N S C H O V T

E N.

the Wiiul in the North, and mailc 58^ •, l)ut the Wind
tiirnitig to iIk: Weft anil Well South-wilt, thiy yskPCal Cajic
Horn, lorinnaJl Sight of I*id, ainl Hill meeting the- Bil-
Jovvs working <xit ot tk- Weil, which, together with tht-
IJIutntrsDl the Water, niiiile theili qiiitkly cxpedt thu m;iin
.South Sea. Mrmry 1. a Sturm hlowinf, oiitot ihcS(-utii
well, tlKy latJtd with their main Sails North-wciland Welt
North-wrll. i'hc id, witli a wclUrly Wind thty lailed
10 the Soiitliw.Hd, and mailt 57" 58', the Variation being
there 12* Nortiiward. The 3d, they m.ide 59" 25', with
a hanJ Weft Wind, but faw no Signs ol any i.and to th''
South ; and tlif iKXt Day 56° 4 V» turning to and Iro witii
very uncertain South-weft WiiuJs, and finding 11" ot
North-eaft Variation. The 5th, by rcafon ot a ftiong
wrllerly Current, and a liolbw Water, they coukl bear no
Sail, but were forced to drive with the Wind.

II. The izth, they plainly diliccrned the Akgtltanic
Strciglits lying Eaft of them \ and therefore, now being
Iccurc ot their happy new Uiliovery, they rendered 'I'lianks
to good Fortune in a Cup of Wine, which went Three
times round the Company. And now thi.s new-founii I'af-
fige had a Name given it, which was that of Mam's
Sirtigi/s, though that Honour (in Jullice) ought to have
been ilone to If'illium Sii/o-iteii, by whole happy Cwdud
the Strtightb were diltovcieJ. And 'tis obfcrvabic, that
;i!l the 1 inic ot ihar Sailing tlinnii^ thele Stieights, and
.ibdut t)M> .Southern newtounil Land, they had a lettledCourfe
« 1 biul VVi.ithei, a thick and iog^y Air, and Itrong Cur-
r<nts, all which, put together, mailc tlicii Sailing very
tcdiou."; ill tlkfe .Strti|',hts. But die Joy of this Dilcovery,
.iiul the Hojxs ol a farther Iinprovcintnt ot it, together
with the auxiliary C omtorts ot the Bottle, helped to carry
olf the Stnic of all that tidious Voyage, and the mortify-
ing Dangers uf ir. The 27tb, they miule 40" South La-
titude, having lair Weather, and held their Courfc North-
ward. Tlie zbth, they determined for the Ifland of Jobn
J ernauJe, to give liieir fick and weary Company a due
Kelrelhment } and that Day they matle 35" 53 . In tlie
Lvcning they made but fmall Sail, fearing to fall upon the
Land, which, elfettually to avoid, thty f.iiled Nortii-eall.
March i. they faw the lllands of lermuiih before them, to
the North North-eaft, and about Noon got up to them
under ; j' 48'. Both thefe lllands lie very high 1 the
fmalleft, to the Weftward, is a very barren anil rocky
Place, but greater to the 1:^11 -, tliough it b(< full of I lills,
yet is well Ihaded with Tiets and Iniitful. I'he llland
uH'ords riciity ot flogs and Goats, and all the Coatl about
it fuch excellent l-'ilhing, tliat the ^pHHiards think it worth
their while to rome thither, from whcmc they tranfport
vaft C^iaiuitK's of I'lth to Ptrii. The Kuad hes on the
l'.all i'oint of this llland, and t\vcy Ihapod their Courle,
not as thry lliould, to the Kaftern, but to the Wcftern
Side ol it, by which means tiny were reduced to the In-
coiwcnience ol not bcii^ able to (<;et near enough the
J , anil ti) anchor. This made them dilpatch their Boat to
IouikI the Depth, wliieh gave ihcm an .Vcrount of Thirty
andloity Fathom faiuly (irounii.clole by the Land, which
lellened llill to 'i lirce Fathom, very prt'iHT to anchor in.
They IJKjke, too, of a viry lovely \'alUy, full 1 1 Trees and
1 hi< kets, refiefbed with Streams of Water running down
Iroin the Hills, and Variety of Animals feeding on thole
pKaliuit l'lace.s all which they faw in this greater llland.
They brought good Store of Filh along with them, moll
ol them lx)bltcrs and Crabs ; arul reported, that they
law A great many Sea-wolves. The Two next Days,
(ucceflivcly, they repeated their Attempt to come up and
anchor dole by the Land 1 but were ftill frultrated, what-
ever lindeavours they uled to aceomplifh it. But Itill their
Men followed the Filhing I'rade, which they managed lb
fuccefsfuHy, th.it they took almoll Two Ton of Filh only
with t l(x>k.s in the ihiali time that fome of the Company
went to letch WiUer \ finding the Itland thus inaccclTible,
they determined to purfuc their Voyage. The i ith, they
pafTcd tile Tropic of Capricorn the Second time, holding
their Couile North well. Here they hail die general F.all
and I'jit .South-eaft Wind, and held their Courfe North
Nortli-wi It to the 1 fjth Day \ and, when they matle 1 8%
thtn Uiey changed tiieir Courle, and liiiled Wett. April i.
tliey made if, 1.', and hail tlicn 00 Variation uf the
4

Comjiafii, but a confiderable Variation of the Temper of
tlieir Btxlies from a good State ot Health, by rcaibn of
the Flux, which had ieizeil the btft part ol their Company.
They liiw .1 little low llland, 3 Leagues Diltance, whiih
tluy got up to at Noon-i lure they heaved the Le.id,
but could find no Boitom, and therefore put out their Slul
lops the Men that went alhore found nothing tor Ke-
tiellimenr, but lome 1 Icrbs that tafted like Scurvy-g.ifs \
but gave an Account of a viry filent fort of Dogs they
hail liren thtre, that woulil neither bark nor fnarl, nor male
any Noife at all 1 for this Keafon they called it Doj, IJiind:
li lies in 1 5-' ii\ and they judged 025 Lx-agucs dillant
Irom the Coaft ot Peru. The (iroiind is fo low, that, :it
JJigli w.iter, it llcms for tiie moft part to be overflowed,
and lias nothing round about it but a fort of Ditch,
belet with 'Trees, between wliich the fait Water breaks in
ill leveral Places.

12. The 14th, tiiey failed Weft and Welt by North;
and the tame Afun-oon, thiy faw a large but 1<. v llland,
reaching Noith-ealt and South-wetl a confiderable Way :
At Sun-fet, being about a league from it, an Indian
Canoe advanced to meet them i the Men naked, with
long black Hair, and their Bodies of a reddilli Colour ;
they made Signs to the Dutch to romc alhore, and call-
ed to thcni in their Language ; and though they anfwer-
cd them in their own, the Spanijb, Moluctan, and 'Javan
Tongues, yet the Indians underftood them not ; fo that
both Sides were in the Dark as to each others Mind :
When they got up to the llland, and founded, they found
no Bottom, neither was there any Change of Water, tho*
they were within a Musket-fhot of the Shore : Here the
Indians and they had another unintelligible Conference \ but
tlwy would not be perfuaded to come on board the Ship,
by any Signs the DHtcb coukl make to invite them to it -,
neither would the Dutch go alhore to them, though ftill
they kept talking and pointing to one another, while nei-
ther Side utiderftood what was (poke by the other. Leav-
ing tliefe People, therefore, to tliofe tliat could underftiuid
them, they failed away South South-weft, togctabovcthe
Lanii ; and, having made that Night I'en Leagues in a
Soudi South-weft Courfc, the 15th in the Morning, they
tailed cloli- along by ttvc Shore, on which Hood feveral of
thofc naked People calling to them (as they guctTed) to
lanii i prefcntly alter, one of their Canons came towards
the Ship, but would not come near it, yet ventured to the
Shallop, where tlie Dutch and thefe Indians fell to their
Conferences again. The Dutch gave them Beads, and
Knives, and Icveral Things that pleated dum, which Kmd-
iiefs emboldened them at 111 to come a little nearer the
Slu{> ; but llill they would not go aboard her, but got bick
into the Shalbp 1 neither had they any great Reafon to be
fond of their Company there, for they are a Parcel of light-
fingered Fellows, and h.ive much the fame Degree of Con-
fcience and Flonelty as the People of the Ladnnes : They
love Iron, as die Inhabitants of thofe lllands do, and they
love to fteal it like them. The very Nails in the Cabin-
windows, and the Bolts upon the Doors, could not keep
their Places for them, but they would have them otf : This
they found to be true, by one of them who had cunningly
flipt into the Ship, and pulkd out all the Window-nails,
which, for Security's Sake, he had ftuck into his Hair :
Nay, they are fo very impudent, that whatever they lay
Hands on is their own, it the Owner dots not rc'cover hb
Kight by Force. When the Dutch gave them fome Wine,
they lirank the Liquor, and kept die Cup ; lb, when they
threw out a Rope to bring them to the Ship, they would
neither ufe the Rope, nor return it ; and tlicir Qualities are
not more ixld than the Figure they make ; for, belides
that they are all naked, ('except the Pudenda, which is
covered widi a fmall Mat) their Skin is all over pidured
with Snakes and Dnigons, .md fiich-like Reptiles, which
arc very fignilicant Emblems of their own liibtle and
mifchievous Nature. 'The Dutch, having a mind to try if
any thing were to be lione with them, or to be gotten in
the Ifland, Cent their Sh.iliop, with Eight Musketeers,
Six Soldiers, Ixfides other of the Ship's Company :
They were no fooner landcil, but 'Thirty of thofe People
rulhed out of a W^ood upon them, and with great Clubs
and Slings, and lung Suves, they would have feized the

Shalbp,

VuM

.pi \

hAWi

fi 'A

^ !i

'ii!

1 1 7 '• '

ne VOYAGES of a '/V Book ?.

! i

H i:t

Shalbp, and taken awiy thr 5olJim AtiW •, but thcMtif-
kfti being let fly amongft thein, kept them from Robbery
at that time. This llland they ciIW the ^ witbevi
Ground, bcciufe they rouW not «nchor iherr. It is not
broati, but fomrthing long, and full of Trees, which they
pucflTe*! to be Coros anif Palmitos. It is a white fandy
linmmi, and lies in 15' South Uttittide, and about 100
lA-agiii"; trom Dffjf IJIand, Seeinp nothing to bcdotie hefe,
thry i^r S.it!, ami he1>l thrir Ceutfc Weft to Seaw-ard \ here
havini; Uit a flight Water, and no Billows, as the Day
KtorJ out <<l" thr South, they gueffcd that Southwani there
*a$ more Land.

IV The i('th, they rame to another Ifland that by
N'Mth\v.ml, ami was about is l-eagues diftant htim the
othrr ; I'his apjieatwl to be all drowned Land, though, on
the Sidis, well lit with Trees i and here alfo they found
no Honoin fur ancliormc. It yielded them nothing for
1 o(.cl l)Ut a (rw I Irrbs, Tike thofe in Thg IJIand, with iome
Cralis, and fithrr Shell-fifti, which were wcll-taftt-d Meat :
But it aftbnlcd tin m fome good frefh Water, which they
found in a Pit not- far from the Shore. The Pottage, maile
ci[ the Herbs thc^- gathered here, pioved very ferviceabic
t( thofe ol their Company that were troubled with the
1 lux. They called this llland H''ater IfimJ, beraufc it
fif'plied them with Water. They left it prefrntly, and
failed Weftwartl, making that Hay 14" 46 South Lati-
tude. The 1 8th, they came to another IdanH, lying to
the South- wctl, about io Leagues diftant from thelaft, and
flrctching out North-wcft and South-caft a confiderable
Way. i'hi- Boat, being difpatrhed to found the Pepth,
brought Wortli that thry hat! found a Bottom by a Point
ot i and, from whence they came to a gentle Strr.im of
Water, .it Twenty five and at Korry Fathom, alxiut a
Musket- fhot trom the I .and : This News of Water made
them fend ihcir empty Cask in the Boat, in hope to have
It well filled ; but after they had uken a great deal of Painr;
to land, and hail l«en a goal while betting up-and-down
in tlK- WwkI to find fbme Spring or other to fupply them,
the Si«{ht of a wild Man Irighteneil them away, and pit
a.i I'nd t.i th.-ir Inquiry alter Water for that time : And
quit kly .if ter ilv y were g<it uuo their Boat, there came Five
or Six nvirc of tliol'c Savages, and (hewed themlelves upf<n
Ilie Short ; Inir, feeing they were gone off, prefently retireti
into the Woods. But tJKHigh they got clear of theft more
formid.iblc AdvcrlarK.'!, yet there were others very trou-
blelbinc that Ihick very dole to them, of which they brought
many Million", along v*ith them out of the Wootls. Thefe
were a Ibrt of black Flics, ot which there were liich pro-
digious .Swaims til: realx)iits, tliat they came Momecovereil
over with rh.m trom t lead to Foot 1 their Hands and
F.Kes Io bcia, that there was no feeing what Complexion
fl.ey were ot 1 thtirCloaths intirely hidden by the Multitudes
of thole .\iiiMials crawling upon them, which did tliem-
liilve"^ tomjwfe ..not her (ort ol Apparel i Ivfides, their
very Baa: ami CXirs were a'l over m the fame Ptefs as them-
fflves ; fo that, when they came back, the Plague of Flies
began to rape m the .Ship, and c\'ery Man was Ixify to <\c-
imd his 1 ace and Lye". a< » i U .is he could : 'Twas the fn ft
Tart ol the Day's Work to Ik llappitig the Flies away ,
and 'twis liard lor a Man to open nis Mouth, either to
Ipeak or to eat, witliixit taking in a Moutiiful of thcll
Vermin .« the larnr tunc. 1 his (tieadful PeilKution Jailed
about Ilirre or Four Days in which time the Flaps did
luch IjcecuJion. fiiat their SutVeting was pretty well at an
Ir.nd, anO (cw ( t tin- Ihes lelt alive tu torment them. They
raikti thii lilaiui, tor thii Keafon, 1 'y Ijhnd, and, by the
Fltlp ot a gooti (jale ot Wiiu!, ict» it as toft as they
could.

14. The :3d, they wcreurul^r i -'- 4 , and there again
had gre;a Kiliuws out ot thr .'■oiith, wIiiJi continued alio
the next Day : I lerc they com Kidai, tt.at tlit icrra /iuftrti-
/i', which tliry fought for, lay yet ; 50 ixagvies turther.
'i'he 2';th, the hollow Billows oiit ot tin* .South Hill con-
tinued, futh as are con.iuonly in t!;e Spamjh Scai out ol
the North-weft. May the 3d, tluy lailrj Weftward, and
mule at Nfjon 1 5"' ^' •, and tliat Day they law ftveral great
Dorratioes, which were t!ie lull th<y had Itrn in t!ie
South Sea. 'I'h'- <)ih, tlit7 nu'.le !.■;" 2C' , and guetled
ihey were » ^ 1 u Lta^ucii 1» uiii tlu- Loall ol I'tru : lJ»e*

Cuiic Day they |vrceiv«l a Bark ccming towanls therr,,
which they wmt to meet, an<l gave her a Gun or Jwtv
to make her llrike -, Ixit thofe that were in her, either not
tJnderftanding the lamguage of theGuni, or refuting ^^
do what they commandeil, the Duuh fent out their .S|ul
lop, with Ten Mufqueteen, to take her -. upon whir;,
(he emieavnureil to make her F.fcape, but tlu: Shallop m
terceptetl her i fome of her Men, in a very great lV.ir,
threw themfclves overboard, and difpofed of flu ir ( ,ooils
the fame Way that they did their Bodies. When the,
had buaiUed her, thofe that were leir maile no manner 01
Refiftance, but quietly refignetl themfelves m the OilpoLii
of the Conqueron, who ufcd them very kindly, ilrelTei
thofe that were woumled, ami faving the I .ives of lini'-
that had leaped owr-boanl, and entertaining all of tl < 1 1
in their Ship. There were, befide^ the Mni, Fight \\ C
men, and feveral Children \ fo that the whole Numlur
amounted to alxnit Twenty-three. They were a cleanlv
neat fort of People, of a reddifti Colour, quite naLti,
except the obtctnc Parts, which were coveretl. The Mt-n
had long curled black Flair, and the Women Ihort, like
the Men in Helknd. The Bark they were in was • f i
Tcry peculiar F'igure and Stnx^ture •, it confifted of 'Twi
Canoes faftened together, in the Midft of each of whuh
were lakl Two broad Planks of red Wood to keep out the
Water, and feveral others went crofs trom one Cantx- to
the other, which were n\ad« very faft and clotc above, an^l
hung a good way over on Kith Sides. At the lind of one
of tlie Canoes, on the Starboard-fide, there ftood a Mall
with a Fork in the Lnd ot it, where the Yard lay j the Sail
was maile ot" Mats •, .md the Ropes of fuch Stuft' as the
Fig-frails in Sfmin confift of. 'They had no Compafs nor
Chart, nor any Furniture for tiic Seas, but only a few
Fifliing-hooks, the upper Part of which was Stone, and
the other black Bone, Tortoife-ftiell, or Mother of Pearl;
They liad no need to lade their VeiTel with frclh Water,
for they fatLsficd themfelves with the Liquor of a few Coco-
nuts i anil when that was fjient, they had ircourfe to the
great CXean for Supply, themfelves, and their fmalleft Chil
drcn, drinking the Salt Water very heattily. The I'>uiJ>
lint them all back to their Veflcl again, where the Women
welcomed their Husbands with joyful F^mbraces, and thus
luppily freed, they tailed away to the South-eall : But to
return to our Difcoverers.

15. 'I'he loth, they held a Weft and South-weft Courfe,
and that Day taw very high f .and on their Iju-boanl, lyirg
.South-eafl by .South, about Fight Leagues otT; lut,
though they hail a gotxl C>ale, they could not reach it that
Day. The 1 ith, they catnc up with a very high llland-,
and, about Two l.eagucs Southward, with another mudi
lower, and the fame Day failed over a Bank of Fourteen
I'atliom deep, and a ftony Bottom, lying about 'Two
l.iagucs from the Land, whkh, being palt, they coiild
lind no more Ground. About tliis 'Time, another ot the
lame kind of Barks came up to them, which had (as they
generally have) a lo<jfe Canoe in her, to put out upon
Occafion. She failed at that Rate, that few Dunh S\u\'>
couhl out-ftrip her •, her Men ftf ercd behind with Two
Oars, in each Canoe one •, and, when they tiad a mind 10
tack, they n.wed liefore : but all thele Vctfels wind
thcm!ilvc«, by only pulling the Oars out of tlw Water,
.ind 1( tting them go. bcndinc, their ShaUop to found by
one of the Iflands, they were iiiloimed, that tliere wa
(irouml, diough ftielvy, at 12, 14, and 15 Fathom,
abour a Lamion-lhot tn-m the laincl \ fo they retolved i^
amlior there. Ihe Negroes, indeed, by Signs, direited
them to go to the other lllaiul, aiv! iaili-d thitlier bet^rt
them \ but ihiy .imhored at the Fnd ot the ibnner IlUnd
at Twciity-tive larhom lantly Grt^und, a Cannon-lhot from
the (.and. this lO^nd lies in lO' 10 : It is one in tire
Muuniatii, and looks hke one ut the Moitunu ; 'tit ail
coven d over with Coco tre<-s, tor which Kealbn they
• alleil It Ceto IJlMd. The other Ifland is much lower
than this, Uit longer, lying Faft ai*l Well ; Being at
Am Iwr, theie cajuc '1 hree Ships, and Nine or Ten
Canoes, which had Three or Four Men in each, about
them i fome ol wlikli had put out white Mags, in Token
of I'cate, as tlicy did the like. 1 he Canoes weie t^X
LciMc, and Iharp behind, J«. wed out of ilu.' wljuk i'u-^

Chip. I. William CoHnelisonSchovt EN. $*f

of red Wood, and failed exceeding Iwiftlyr. When they
(irtic near the Dutch Ship, they Ic;ij>cd fomc of ihein into
the Water, and fwam to it» having their Hands full of
Cocoas and Ubcs-roots, which they birtcr'd for Nails
and Beads, giving Four or Five Cocoas for a Nail, or a
finall String of Beads, fo that the Duicb traded that Day
fur 180 Cocoas ( and this I'rade bringing (o many of them
aboard, that they knew not liow to ifir in their Ship,
they fent their Shallop to the other Ifland, to fee for a
more lonvenient Flicc to lie in ; but the Shaliop, being
iuft gut our, was prefently befit by a vafl. Number of
Canoes, filled with a mad Soif of IVopIc, armed with
great Clubs, that forthwith bo;irded her, and attacked the
Men ', they, firing their Mu(qu< ts u|X)n tliem, were laughed
at by the Savages, in that, with To much Noile, they hail
done fo httic Tiarm 1 but, at the next Ditbhargr, when
one of them was (hot through the Breaft, they had lione
making Sport with the Mulqucts, and learned to kci p their
Diftancc a little better for the 'lime to conic. 1 luy were
lufty well proportioned Men, and excellent Swin mers-, but
nuked, thicviln, and very fantaftical in clixfTing ol their
Hairv fome wore it (hort, others long, fome curled, and
others platted and folded up in feveral Falhions. The
1 2th, thiy came in their Canoes again, laden with Cocoas,
Bananas, Ubtsroots, Hogs, and frelh Water ; there
was a great Contention among them who fliould get firft
to the Sliip, asid thofe that were behind being (hut out by
them licfore, linrc they could not leap over the ic Heads,
they jumped into the Water, and fwam under t!u- Canoes,
holding BuntliLS of Cotuas in their Moutlis, and climbed
up the Side of tiic Sliip like fo many Rats, and that in
futh Smarms, that they were forced to keep thcni oil' witlj
Stave: The Dutti) bartered witii them that Day loi 1200
Cocoas, which nude Twelve to every Man's Share, they
being Kightyfive in Number. The NegiD' s wondered
very miicii at the Stiength of the Dutch Ship, and fome
ot them crept down under it, and knocked at the Bottom
ot it with Stones, to try how (Irong it was. The King
of thole Savages fcnt a black Hog to the Ship for a
I'rcfcnt, cliargiitg the Mefleiiger to take no Rewanl •, and
quiik'y afier he came himlLlf, in a large Ship of their
Falluon, atf.nded with Thirty-five Canoes : When he was
a little Way (rom the Ship, he began to call and cry out
alouvl, anJ all his Company i!id tne like, this being their
way of bidding Strangers ivcLome. The Dutch received
them w:tii Drums and Trumpets, which mightily pl.afal
and furprifid them 1 and tliey, to tellify their Senfe of
1 lonour rhat was done them, ufed all their Ceremonies ot
bowing dieir Heads, and clapping their Hands together
over th'-m, which they are accullomcd to upon (iicii Oc-
rafions. The King, out of his Ship, fent them a Matien
for a Piffciit i whicii Kindnel's they requited with the Gift
of an oil Hatchet, rufty Nails, Glafs Beads, and a Piece
of I ,inen Clodi, Things which his Majefty was highly piealed
with, and made m.iny a fine Bow for. He was not to be
known from his Subjeitts by any Enfign of Dignity, but
the Reverence they fliewed iiim ; for, as they were all
n.ikrd, lb he had no other Apparel but that which Nature
gave him : 1 le would r.ut be perfuaded to come on board,
thoiisjh ti)c IViixe his Son did, and was well entertained
tlicri-. The i ?th at Noon, the Ship w.is furrounded with
a wliuk- Armaita of Ships and Canoes, the King being
there himfeit in PerfeMi ; and in the Twenty-three Ships,
and Forty five C.iiioes, that comjxjfed the Fleet, no lefs
thai Seven or Eight hundred Men. They pretended at
full to come only upon Delign of Traiie, and told them
by Signs, tliat they were their very good Friends, and
would fain have them fail to the other Ifland, where they
(luiuld find much better Accommexlatioh in all refbcrts :
Hut, norwithllanding all their fair Pretences, they fufixrfted
fome Mifchicf was Tutching by thefe Barbarians : Neither
were tlkir Sufpicions unjuft ■, for they quickly began to caft
tliemklves .ill round the Shi]% and inclofed it on every
Side ; .uid then, with a gre.it Outcry upon the Alarm of
a {»un, they g.we the Ailault : The King's Ship was the
fi)rcmo(l ill thcAtflion, and rulhed in with fucha Force at
the Dutch Ship, that the 1 le.ids of the Two Canoes be-
fore It were dallied to Pieces with the Violence of .the
.^^hoiki the rell came on a;- well as they could, and

N V MB. V',

(howcrcd in great Stones upon them : But the Dutch threw
in fuch Quantities of Ball amongil them out of their
Mufqucts.and Three great Guns leuded with Mufquet-(hot
and Nails, that all thofe in the Canoes, that lay within
Reach, were glad to leave them, and feck their Kefuijc in
the Water. Being thus put to Rout, they difperfed them-
felves, and (hiftcd for their Lives as well as they could.
Thelc treacherous People were the Inhabitants of the lower
of thofe Two in.inds, which theitfore they called 'Traitors
IJlanJ.

16. They failed from hence the fame Day, and held
their Courfe Weft ind Weft by South •, and the 14th, came
to another Iflaml, about Thirty Leagues diftant from the
fijrmer. They called this Hope Ifland, becaufe they hoped
here to meet wiih fome Refrelhment. But, finding no
Ground at the Ifland, they fent eiut their Shallop to found
along liie Shore, wKich riturneel with the News of a
ftony Bottom at Foi ty I'atiiom Water, alx)ut a Mufquet-
Ihut from the Shore, leimetimes Twenty and Thirty Fa-
thom, and at a little Diftance .igain no Bottom at all. 1 he;
Imiians came hither with Tenor I'welvc Canoes to baiter ;
they breiught a finail Parcel of Flying-hlh, for which they
had Beails in I'-xclunge •, and wliatfoever the one gave, or
the other received, was conveyed on both Sides by a Rope
let down by the Stern ot the Ship. But thefe Indians went
from this Traelc prelently to another which was worle, ziz.
robbing the Shallop, wliich they found empl^cd in found-
ing at iumi- Diitai.cc from the Ship : They offered toboarel
htr, anel drag her aw.iy ; but they in the Slialiop, with
their Guns, Piki.s, and Cutlalles, gave the;: 1 fuch an F.n-
tertainmeiit, ih.it, havii-g feen 'I'wo uf rti( ir C^ompany
killed, they were glad to hurry away as faft as tiicy cmi' 1 ;
and, while thelc were beaten ,aiul niaul'd upon the Water,
their Friends Hood and crieel for them alhore. This Iflancl
wxs full ot b!,ick Cliffs, that were green on the Top, was
well (le)ckrel w'uh Coceia-trce;;, and jevtral Sorts of 1 krbs.
There were Icvcrai Ht)ufcs along the Sea-fide, and a great
Village ciof: by the Strand. There w.'.s no convenient
Anchoring here, it being extremely rough near the Ifland \
foi whicli Reafon they left it, and filled away South-weft,
inti.niling to purliie the Difcovcry of a Southcm Con-
tinent.

17. The iSth, they wereum'.er 16' 5', where they had
very uncert.un Weft Winds j and now they began to con -
(lilt about tlie further profecuting of their Voyage. Jrd-
liam Schovtcn the MaftLT told thetn, that they were now
at kail ib<jo Leagues Eaftward from the Co^l oi Peru ;
and, as they had not yet difcovcred any Part of the South
I^nd, fo neither wiis there any Likelihood of doing itj
that they had failed much farther Wcftward than they
firft intended •, and that, going en that Courfe which they
had hitherto purfu^d, they fliould certainly tall Southward
upon NcM Guinty, where, if tiiey found no PafTage, they
mull unavoidably be loft i lincc it would be impoflible to
go back Eaftward again, by rc.ifon of the Eafterly Winds,
that blew continually. Upon thefe- and other Accounts,
hepropof d it, as the bell way, to alter their prefent Courfe,
anel fail N'urtliward, fo as to fall Northward upon Nvm
Gttiney. This Propofal, backed with fo many gooil Rea-
fons, w.is embiaceel by all the Company, lb that they im-
mediattiy eietermined to hold a North North-weft Courfe.
The i9tli their Courfe Northward, they had Two Iilands
at Noon alxiut Eight Leagues diftant from them, lying
North-eaft by Eaft, and that feemed to be a Cannon-(hot
diftant from each other. Upon this they fteered North-
eaft, intending to fail about the Land, h.iving fair Wea-
ther, but a (mail Gale, to bring them along. The 20th,
they continued ftill labouring to get to Land. TJie 2 ill,
being abewt a League trom the Land, they were vifitcd
by Two Canoes, to whom though they gave no manner
of Provocation, yet they were rudely infulted by tome of
them, who began to halloo, and threaten to dart their
wooden Aflagaycs at them \ but, upon the Diteharge of
the Guns from the Ship, thefe bold Hedlors began to
fcamper,and that in no litdc Hade and Confvifion, leaving
behind them Two of their Company dead, and a Shirt
which they had (lolen out of the Ship, and had now no
Stomach to carry away with them. The 2 2d, there came
more of them to the Ship, but upon very friendly and

Q^ peaceable

ne VOYAGES of

*mm

Book I.

I !

* is^i

rrarrablr Trrms, bfni£;ing Coco.i, Ubcvroot^, andnwrtnl
log*, wliuU tluy Ivjrtiml lor Knivis Bcails atui NaiU.
TfuJf P<<Ji>Ic wrrr all ai «xj)crt in th»- Art* ( f Swiitiming
and Diving, at thofc in 'Traiien (/UnJ, anil as wr!l vcrfiU
in Cheating and .Sti aling too, whit h thiy never failal to do,
it an Oj)|Mtrtumty win- j;ivcn them. Thrir 1 loulici ftood
all along tlu' SikuuI, whi..h were covercil with Ix-avrs at
the Tor, ani h.ul a foit of I'mthovilir of the fame, to
carry oh' the W.itrr \ fhry were l^n or Twelve Fctf high,
and I'wtntylivc m Compjfv I liry were luiTillicd with
nothing but a Bid of dry Hctl>$, an Angling roti or t\»r),
and a [-reat Club. TheCc were all the Urnaniints even of
the raia.c, and tlir- K114; hiitifell hid no more. The
D»lil> lound here ^ikkI Convenient ic* tor Watering. The
34th, they fent 1 lirec of the |irinci|ul Men of the Ship
to crtablilh a Fritndlhip with the lH.iiaHS, and to Ix- as
lloftages amongft them, having in their tojun Six Indiani
of Qi^iality on board, whom tluy made very wcKomc
then, and the Diiuh alliore had very great Relpfit paid
tliemhy tlKKing: 1 !c nude thrm al'rtlcnt ot Four I lugs
.ind, it a y of \w, I'copir came but near the Duuh Boat to
ilirturb t.'ii-m while they wire fiti hing W atcr, hr would
drive tlmn away Iiimfilt, or order lonu- of his Men to do
It : llisSubi<Vt< all IUkhI in very great Awe of him,
and were tVarlul of having any ol their Criims ni.ulc
known to liini ; for one ot thcni having t^olcn a ("utials
and Complaint Ix-iiig made to oiu- of thi; King's Otfiti r--,
the Thitt was purfiicd, and fouiidly drubbed for the
NVrong he had doi-.e, and, Iclidis, forced to mikcKefli-
tution I and, more than that, the ( )t!ieer fignilieJ, tlut he
came off very well tw) , lor, if the Kin^^; had known it, he
would crtainly have had his Heail of!'. Thefc IVopIc
were extremely frightciicit at the Noile ot the Ciuns, and,
ujx)n any nilihir'je, would fly like fu many Madmen :
Yet the King luving a Dcfire to hoar one of the gifat
(iuns let off, and Ixrmg let under his Canopy, with lomc
of hi<i Courtiers alvjut him, in great Order, ujK)n the going
oli" ol the Ciun, he Icapi-d out of his Scat, and fit up a
Run into the WixkIv, with all his Courtiers after him, and
no IVrlliafions if the Duttb lould polTibly ftop ilum.
The : -,th and :^ith, they went afbore again to barter for
I Iog<, but coulil get none, the Indians being reduced to
fome Streights themftlvc;, having nothing but Cocoa<i,
Uanana?, I'bcs-roots, and a few 1 logs, ktt. Yet the King
coniinuid his wonted RefjKil and Kindnef* to them, and
lie, and lus I .ieutinant, pulled ofT thiir Crowns from tJieir
own 1 Jea^is, and fit them upon the I hads of Two of the
Company. Tliel'e Crowns were nude of white, red,
and green Feather^, winch tluir I'ariots and Ooves fup-
ply them wit.'i 1 tlit Dovis ate white ujion th;- Baik, and
blaik every -wlur^' tile, except the Brraft, ani! every one
of tlit King's Council lus one of thefe fitting by him ujxjn
a .S;ii.k. The i7th and 28th, they gut all their Water
nn board, at whiirli time the M.ifter and the Merihmt
Went alhorc with tlv.- Trum|)ct?, w Iiich proved a very di-
v.;tting Mulic to tlie King. I Itrc he told them ot his
AVars with them of the other [ilond, and flicweil tiKm
Tveral of the C.ivrs and Thickets where they u(ld to place
their Ambiifcailcs and lay lurking for Advantages againfl
cat h other : They plainly found, that he was fearful they had
lomc Dcfign upon his Country -, for, to draw them from
thrnre, he would fiin liavc engaged them in a War with
the King of the other Idand -, nuy, he ofTircd to hi.r them
to be gone, tell ng them, tlut, it they woukl go in Two
Uays, he would give them Ten I logs, and a good Parcel
of Cocoas : Yet, notwitliftaiiding his Sufpicions, he mode
them a Vifit on Ship-board, praying when he entered the
Ship, and praying in every Calin he- came into, as alio
he always did when any of the Dutch amr alhore to him.
I lisMcn carried itwithamighiy dealof SubmifTon to them,
killing their Feit, and laying tlurm irufs their Necks,
with ail the Tokens of Awe and Fear that they could
cxjirefs. The 30th was maiie a D-y of Solemnity, by
the coming of the King of the other Ifland to vifit tlic
Ki.ng of this : I le came with a Train of 300 of his naked
JitMam, that had Bunches of green Herbs fluck alwut their
MilI^ilt^, of which they prepare their Drink ; and, that
he might be fure to be wekonv, he brought Sixteen
Hogs along with him. When thcfc Two I'fincci v.erc

within .Sight of each other, they In'gin tolxiw and fcrapr,
and mutter out certain Prayen to themlrhrM. Whm
they met, they Ixifh fell down with their Faee^ flat iijion
the Ciroiind, and, alter liveraJ vm Uringe (iefftires iiir.1,
they got up on their I.rg% and walked aw«y to the Sr.in
pruvideil for them, whirr, .tftrr they h.id < hopt our liime
tiiore of their l^ayrr^. and bownl s cry reverently f.i , k),
other agiin, with much ado they fi-tilown aj',.iiii under the
King's Canopy : And now, to m.-die the llrange King th-
more welcome, a MrtVenger was difpatthed to thr /Jy/.i
Ship, to get thiir Drum* and I'rumpets alhorc ; to il;-'
Triinuiers fiimded, and a March was beat, to the vriy
great Fntcrtainment of the TwoKingt : After this they
prepanii for a fbtemn Banquet •, and, in orvKr to ir, Itepin
to make rriidv tliiir Liquor, wlm h they liidin iliis llofrnly
Maniiir: There came into the I'ff fence a Comjuny n|
Fellows, with a gooil (^lantity of Can.t, (whkh is fh"
Herb of which ttiey make their Prink) e.«ch ot' whiih
having crammcii in a Mouthful of it, they br<pn to chew
togtilKT t having chewed it awhile, they put it out of
their Mouths into a large wooden Trough, and pourril
Water upon it, ami lell 10 l^irriiig and fquer/tng ot" it, ami,
having prelTed out .ill the (lotxiiuls, they prefented it in
Cups to the Two Kings. They were fo civil likewife a*,
to ofler the Dutch fome of it, who were rady to vomit at
the Sight of the Preparation. As for the Fating- part of
the Flntertainment, it confifted of Ubes-rfwts malted, and
I logs drelTed after a very nice Manner. They hat! upped
up the Bclliis,and taken out th<- IntraiN; and then, putting
hot Stones into their Bellies, ami findging off the oiitfidr
1 lair, without any farther DrefTing or Cleaning, rhey vnn
fit fi>r the King's 'Fable. 'Fhey prefinted 'Fwo of thefc
Hogs to the Dutch, with all the Form and C'eremor.v
wlii( li they ufc to their Kings, laying them tirrt uiH)n tlw .1
Heads a:u! t!un kneeling, with mufh numility, Idt
them at their Feet. 'Fhey gave tlw m, Ix fides, )■ Icven niorr
alive, for whiih they received a Prcfint of Knives, oil
Nails, and IVads, as pirafing to them a;, far Ivtier Thin^v
'Fhefc Peojile were of a daik yellow Colour, ftrong an !
well-projiortioned Botln t, fo t.ill and bi^, that the iarge!^
amoiigl\ the Dutch wtuld have been matched by the lent
of them. They wore tiirir Hair, Inmr cuiUd, fomr
ftiz/led, fome t;rtl up in Knots, tome had it (landing b,'-
upright, their Heads like Hogs-bnftles, a (.^iiarter o.
an F.ll high. 'I he King, and feme e)f hisCourticn, h.iJ
long Ixjcks lunging down below their Hip^, bound i;p
with a Knot or two •, but the Women were all crop]Hd
dole, and, befide', very ugly Figures, being fliort an.l
ill-(haj>eil, and their Breafls lunging down to their Belli' s
like Satchels. Both .Sexts were naked all to the Pudrndt.
1 hey feemed to be a Peo|>le w h( lly void lioth of Devotion,
and all worldly C.irc and Frixlener, living jufl as tl,c
other Aninuls ilo, ujion what the F'arth produce, witlioi t
the Solicitations of Art and Indurtry : They neither low
nor reap, buy nor fell, nor do any thing for a I .ivelihooi!,
but leave all to the Care of Nature, which if it fails at
any time, they mart flarve : And they have as little regani
to the Ijws ol Decency and Modi lly, a% to thole (/!
civil Frulence and Polity ; for they \iill make ufc of th 'ir
Wives openly in the greatell .AlTeinbly, nay, and before tj.r
King too, as much as they reverence him. I'his Ifland they
called Horn [Jland, I'rom the Name ol the Town fmin
whence they came -, and the Bay where they anchorc!,
Unity Bay, afrer the Name of the Ship-, the Baylies ujM;n
the .South Side ot the I jnd in al>xk under 14" 16'.

18. "Junt I. they (ailed from heme, vifiting no I.ard
till the 2 ifl, when they m.ide towards a very low Ifland, t!ur
lay South South-weft and Well from them, and in 40* 47 .
Near it were fcveral Sands, that ftretchcd North-weft froni
tifFthr I jnd, as alio Three or Four firallcr Klands, very
full of Trees Here a Canor came un to thrm, of the fani'
txld F'athion with rhofe Ixtorc dcfcribed, and the People n.
it much of the fame .Sort, only blacker, and armed with
Bows and Arrows, which were the firft they had leer!
amongft the litdmns ol the South Sea. They told them by
Signs, that there was more 1 jml, and gootl Conveniencio
for a Ship, to Ix: had Weftwaid, where their King dwelt ,
ujxm wliiih Infoinution they htltl a WefternCourle agair.
'Ihc :'d, they failed WelK and Weft by North, und.r

Chap. 1. W I L t. I A M C O R .V t L I S O N S C H O V T E N.

4* 4;;'( ami that Day faw at Icaft I'wilvc or Thirteen Idamis,
one dole by anotlier, lyiiiK Welt Soutliwcil Jrom tht-m,
ami nathing Soutli-call aiui North-will alxjul lulf a I -ragiici
txii theylctt thcmaLarUjjrJ. Tlic i4th, the Wind South,
ihey faw Three low lilamlj a Urbuanl. lying Soiith-weil
Irom them, the One very tinuli, tiic othir 1 wo each of
them Two Mile* long, all very Jull of Tiecj. They calkil
them the Crftn Iftatidt. The Sliorc alwut wj^ ragged and
riifty, and aliowed no Anclu)riiig. Another Illind pre-
frnted itfelt, with Seven or light MoveN upon it, lying
Weft hy North i whith tliry fojlcvl by tlir i/jrh, St. John
Bttftiji's Day, ami thircfon tailed it St. ydm'i Ifiaiid. At
thiiiiinr, they law very hi<;?li l,jnd to the -South-weft, which
tht-y thought to be the I'omt ot A'.w Guinty. They reatlu d
ic l)y Notin, and, failinj^ along by it, and finding no An-
choring, lent the Shallop to lound -, but no Bottom < ould
be difcovend. Here Two or I'hriC Conoci of barbjrijus
People aflaiilted the Shilloo with their Slings -, but the Guns
greatly trinhcd, and quickly difperfed them. They wtrf
Very black, intiroly naked, and fpake a Language quite
ditfrrrnt (rom the other. Tlicy kept Fin-s upon their Coift
all that Nif;ht \ and fomc of them, in tiieir C jiuks, came
hirkiiig al)out the Ship •, and tho' tlie Dutch, when th<.y
difiovired them, did all tlicy could to oblige them, yet
they would undcrftaiid none of the Signs they nude for
I'rovifiooj i but anfwcreil all with horrible Noilcs iind Out-
cries. 1 hty anchored this Night at Forty-five Fathom,
uneven Ground, in .n H.iy. About the Point of the L^nd,
the Country wan high and gr,in, and .itTorilid a picafant
I'rofpeit, and lay (as thiy guiii'id) 1S4 > l.tagutj diftant
from Pnu. The 26th in the Morning, there came Three
Canoes up to the Ship, quite full ot thele Barbarians,
and they as well armed, alter tlieir Maniu r, with Clubs,
woollen Swonls, and Slings. The Dutch treatcel them
kindly, and gave them fcveral Toys to procure their I a-
vour, or at Icaft Peace and F rrrdom from any Difturb.incc
by them ; but tlicfe Savages were not to U conqui red by
Kindnefs, nor taught gooel Manne'n by any thin;^ but the
pii at f iuns i for prefently they aflaulted the Ship with all
tlii-ir Forte, and continued it obftinattly, till the Cunnon-
fliot hael gon • through IVn or Twelve of them. Then tlu-y
Ixgan to lly to their old Refuge the Water, to dive and
fwim for their 1 .ives ; but the Shallop, purfuing thtm,
knocked funic on the 1 leael, took Three Prifoncrs, anel
Four (jt their Canoes ; which maile Firing for tlic Ship.
Ami now \.\vy roulel underftaiid Signs, and procure Flugs
and Baiian i.s for thofc that were I'riloNcrs to ranfoin them-
fclves i but, before, they elid not know what the Dutch
meant by tlieir Signs : And, the' the Dutch were fo gene-
rous as to give One wounded Man his Liberty, yet they
were fo wile too as to fet another in a better Condition at
Ten 1 logs Ranfom \ which undoubtedly was the full Va-
lue of hiin. This Idand afforded a Sort of Birds, that were
all red \ .ind North of it lay another Ifland, of which they
mode no other Difcovery, than only its Pofition to this.
They concluded thele People to be Papoes, bccaufe of their
Ihort Hair, and partkular Diet of Iktle mixed with Chalk.

19. ihc iSth in the Evening, they fet Sail from hence 1
and the next Day held a North-welt and North-weft by
North Courfe, with a (hifting Wind till Noon, and then a
Calm. They hael the Point of the Ifland in View till Even-
ing, tlio' they faileil along by the I and, which was full of
Bays and I'umings, and rcachcnl North-weft and North-
weft by Weft i ami, the fame Day, they faw Three high
Mantis more, that lay Northward from the greater One
Five or Sbc Miles, being then in ^' 20'. The 30th in the
Morning, fcveral Canoes of the black ludians came up to
them, and, boarding the Ship by Permiftion, broke Staves
ov. r the Dutch, in Sign of Peace. Their Canoes were liner
than the others, anil themfelves appearetl more civil and
inodeft, covering the Pudenda \ which the others did not.
riuy rubk'd their Hair over with Chalk, aff&iting to have
ihtir black Locks jxiwdcrcd. They pretended to be fo
(Hxir, that thry came to bc-g, and not to bring iuiy thing to
tlic Ship i yet tholi; Four Illands, from whence thofc In-
dinHi came, affortled good Store of Cocoas. June i . in the
Morning, they anchored between an Illand Two Miles long
and the firm L.and of A'iftti Cuiney ; and quickly were fur-
roimdcd with Twenty-five armed Canoes of the fame Peo-

pie, wiio, the D.iy Ix-fore, in Token of Peace, had brokco
their Staves over iluir He.nU, and now came intendmgto
break them ujK)n them. The litdians were not tcilious in
their Ceremonies Ixliwc they entered uiwn tl»e Work llicy
came alxMit : I wo of iltcm hxeel themfelves upon Two An*
chors that then hung out of the Ship, and, with their Ciirdlet,
began to tug the Shiu, thinking to draw her alhore. The
reft lay about the Sides of her, and gave a brifte Onfet with
their Slings, and othiT Weajions \ but the eveilalUng Plague
of thcfc .Sava;];c*, tlie great (iuns, ftiatt^red Men and Ca-
noes at tliat Kate, that they were loried to retire, with the
Lofs of Twelvr' or i'hirtcen killed, aiul a far greater Num-
Ix-r woundeil. Alter this Fight, t.'icy fiilid peacealily alonjj
the Coall, having a ^ood Gali-, ami holding a Weft North-
Wtft and North-weft by Well C ourfe. I he 2d, they were
in 3" 12 , and law low I-ind a I jrlx)ard, and right Ijefore
them a low Illand. '1 hey laileel gently Weft North weft,
with a lliglit Current of the Water V.jAX North-caft. The
i<.\, tluy liiw high Land, Ijcanng Weft aliout Fourtcrn
I.e.Tgues trom the other Illanil, and in 2* 41 . The 4th,
as they were palling by tlie Four Illands afore-mentioned,
they h.ul a fiuideii Prol|H'tk of Twenty-three others, great
and Imall, high anel low \ moft of which they left a Star-
board, anel only Two or Three a Larboard. They were
fome of them a Lc.igue, fomc a Cannon-lhot diftant from
each otlier, ami lay in 2 ' 30 , little more or lefs. The 6th,
with vi ry variable, and fomc llormy Weather, they had in the
Morning a very high 1 lill bclore them, bearing South-weft \
and tliis the y thoui'ht to be the I lill CecmenaJ/i in JianJa \
but a nearer A iniriuihdilcovercd Three Hills more like it,
tliat lie to tlic North alxnit Six or Seven Leagues Diftanccj
and this Sight determineel that Hill to be tlut of Banda.
Behind it lay a large 'lni\ of Land F.aft and Weft, reach-
ing Kaft South-eaft, of a very great Extent, and very un-
even.

20. The 7th in the Morning, they failed towards thofv;
mighty Hills they had in Piofpect tlie Day Ixifore, and
found limine of them to be V'ulcanos j for which ReaJbn they
named the Illand (''ulcait'j //land, dure being fo good a Re-
prefcntation of his burning Forge. The Ifland was well in-
habited, and lull of Ccxrejas ; but there was no Conveniency
of anchoring there. The People were naked, and extremely
fearful of the Dutch; and their Language fo very different
from all thereabouts, that none of the Blacks they had with
them coulel unJerftand them. There appeared more Wands
to the North ami North-weft •, hut they held their Courfe
to a very low one, that lay North-well by Weft from tliem ;
which they reacheil that livening. The Water here they
obferveil to be of divers Colmiis, green, white, anel yellow j
which probably was the F.lFed of the Mixture of .fome Ri-
vers, becaufe it was far fweetcr than the Sea-water, and
was full of I^-aves and Boughs of Trees, Ibine of which had
Birds and Crabs f.iftcncd upon thcni. The 8th, they held
a Weft South-well and Well North-weft Courfe, having
on their .Siarlioard an high Ifland, and another fomething
lower on their Larboard. Tliey reached the Land in the
Afternoon the lame D.iy, and anchorc"d at Seventy Fathom,
in a gcKxl I'mily Bottom, about a Cannon-lhoc from the
Shore. This Itlaiid was in 3^ 40, and Itemed to bean
uidiealthv Place, and yielded nothing confuierablc, except
a little Ginger. It was iniiabitcd by Pnpoos, whole ridi-
culous Fancies, in the Matter of Drcfs, fuperadded to their
own natural Deformity, made them appear little Ihort of
Monllers in human Nature. There were hardly any of them
but what had fomething odd and ftrange, either as to Big-
nefs or Polition of tlieir Limbs •, but then the Strings of
Hogs Teeth hung about their Necks, and their perforated
Notes, with Kings faftened in them, together with fhott
frizzled Hair, and very bad Faces, ill put together, would
have offenileei an Eye not extremely curious. Neither was
the Beauty of the Houfes much greater than that of the In-
habitants, being all mounted upon Stakes Eight or Nine
Feet from the Ground. The 9thbeforeNoon, they anciiored
in a more convenient Bay, at Twenty-fix Fathom, in afandy
Bottom mixed with Clay. There were Two Villages of the
Indtanj near the Shore, from whence fome of their Canoca
brought Hogs and Cocoas j but held up botli at fo dear
Rates, tliat there was no bartering with them. And now,
though they had (ailed fo long by this new Land, yet thef

Wfnj

,y, \ f

7he VOYAGES of

Book I

;, !: i

undlilr to r'fwlvc iltrniftlvM, wlifilirr il wm KrtvCui'
i^y, ur i». 'I hf ir C hafti liid iirithrr jprre oiw wuh «n-
"ihifT, nor the I atki thry had in I'roljx'f^, »hkh, lor tin-
hoft part, t\m North wtlt by Weft, fotnrtimfi more Wift
rrly, ami loiiMtiinr^ ;^Jain more Northerly v yet, for «ii
thii Scrunic, 'whuh ihey nxiU not rrmovcy thry ttill hekl
• Weft North well Courll- along by the C uaO, with a q^u r,
Iho* itull Ibrt ut Weather I aiK< lo, by the Help ot the
Strrani, that kt them aKnit the Writ rf< it thiet all abng
tfiat Conft, they maile i» 58 the 1 ith at Noon.

J I. The I }th .inil 14th, thry kej'* failing by the Coaft,
hsvinfi fi)metimr> very high, ami at othrr* very low I aiul
111 Sijjht ol them. The fsth, jwrfuinf^ ihr Umv Courle,
lh<y nacheil Two low IflaiKlt, abotit halt a Ixagtie Irom
ihc main IjukI, about i' 54' Smith l^adtinlr. llrrr th<y
hail gooti Am ht)ring Imm I'lvr onil Six to Forty Fathom -,
a;ul, (rrinj; the Country wt II (hired with C i)«a«, the Biat
■n»< Shall(j]>, well prrjvi'erl (or an Attack, wire dilpafthcil,
*ith 0^lcr^ to Uml, ainl get lome ; but the Indians, it
fcfin«, ha.1 obhivdl them, ami a^conlin^ly prej-aral lor
ihrir I- ntrrtainmrnt whm thry lamlnl , r.\A they gave them,
jxrhap^, the warmert Kiception with their Bows ;uiil .Siinj;^,
tluit ever they ir.et wuh, woumlmp at leaft Sixttin ol them,
aiul I'orring thrin, notwitMlamiing thru MDlcpiet', to re-
tire. The i(.th in the Mi'min^, they lailcil in Iwtwren
*>oih the li1ajMl<. and amln<rrd at Nine I'-ithum, in .iwry
giKxl Place. The lame Pay, they lamped u|H>n the IdTer
Maml, burnt fbmt- ol the hdims 1 (oul'es, ami Uoiight off
w many L (." iJt< a lu.iile llrrc to rvvty Man'* Share. Ihe
barhar.iut Hr< pie liecamr mote gentle an.l gooil nafiireil
U|y>n thi". Irvatiiii nt; lor the 1 7th they came to make thrir
pcatr uifliC)rf'irir{{<i ol C oeoas ami Bananas, Ciinger, and
ydlow Rooti iiled l(;r .SalVnm. I hey agreed to triill the
Duitb lb lar as to eon.e alxwrd their slup, where the Quar-
rel wa» prrtetly male up, and the I leart^ <il the Indians,
«un by a f-w Naili ami B(-.hli, whicli they ^ave them,
were intirely th'in The iSth, they contii.ueit lartering
lor (.'oco.i« , Banara^, Callave, and l*ttpade : Ot" the T*o
fonncr tliey |;ot as muh as came m Fifty Nut* ar.d Two
Bunchet ol Bananas a Man -, ol tlie Two latter not lb mucii.
This Fapaile and CalTavc .ire alio EaJ} India Lommoditiei,
and the latter partieulariy i« ailmirably go«Hl in the WVy^ In-
dus, and lar Iteyond that, which tliey m«t with here. The
i'ropic made all their Bread ol it, and Irakrd it into large
rouiid Cakes lor ti«t I'urpofc. They called the Name of
their own Illaml Mofi, which was the mofl Fallerly \ the
other over- ij.i;ainll it 'Jn'an -, and the larthermoft 'a very
fiigh one, ami aUmt !• ive or Six I x-agues Irom AVor f^ui-
nty^ .Irmta. Thil'e People had probably lieen vifitcd by
fome hurefitini N.-lorej for they had Spanijb ]xr\ and Pots
amo"pl^ them : They were not lur]uiied at great Ciuns, as
the others ufually were; nor fo rurious in looking into the
Shiis as abloliire StMngen to fikh a Thing muft he fiitv
pilled lolv. 1 he lift, they lailed along l>y the I jnd Nortli-
wcl, and at Noon maile 1* ij . The Stream drove them
to a Clufttr ol ll'iandi, where they atKhond at Thirteen
fathom, with Storms of Rain and Thunder that Night.
'Ihe 2^d in the Morning, fetting Sail fiom thence. Six
(;rcat C.iiuK s overtook them a little from the I jnd, bring-
ing <lncii Fifli, C ixoas. Bananas, Toharco, ami a ftnall Sort
ol Frxut like Prunes. Indians from another Iflami alio
brougl'.t N'lCtiuh and China Porcelane to lurter. Thefe Peo-
ple, like moll oi the Barbaruins, were vaftly fond of Beads
and Iron-work ; but thry were renurkably diftinguifhed
from thofe in the laft Kland by tJieir large Size, and more
orange Complixion. Thrir Arms were Bows and Arrowi,
ami their principal Ornaments Cilafs Fur-rings of fcvcral Co-
lours i ami, by thefe, as well as other Sigrvi, it appeared,
that the lyut.h were not the firft Europeans which thefe
People hatl li.cii : So that it is not to be confidered as a Dif-
covcry.

2 2. 'Jhe 24th, l)eing under 30', they (leere<l North-
well and Well South- weft, atong by a very pleafant Idand,
on which they beftowed their Niafter'.s Name, and is that,
which, in the Ntips is diftinguilheif by the Name of //wn
IjUnJ ; and the Wert Point of it tliey tailed Cape ef Good
Ihpe Ihe 2 -.th, they faw an huge Traft of uneven I ami
on tlieir I-iilxard, lying South and South-weft by Wtft.
'J he 26th, they (jncd Three IflaiiJs more, tiit Coatl rcaih-

ing North-weft by Weft. The irth, they were under Ig \
anil, having a Sight ol imrli I mvS to rhe S<Ntthwaril, lome
very high, and fonv *s Kiw, tiKV juiTeil North-wrtl %\r»\^
by It. The i9th at Night, they ha»l an Farthtituke, whirS
ftiiKik the Ship at that Kaf. that the Med rm trtghtened
out 1)1 fhelt C abin*, r XjH^hnj; to fiinl h^T run aj'.rwm.l, .,r
Uilgesl agjinft Ibni'- Rorki Injr, ufion Trial, tliey tiiu>i<l 1
I>pth ol Water, that was imUtliom.ll)l'-, ami as ilainly la.v
Ihey were clear ol all Danger of Roiks and Shelves ; Uy
that it nts nuiulrftly the F.lTert of a violent I onaiiron .,(
the AhtMi, and fubmanne Kiginn*, whkh rauleil and
propasatetl a Trcmoe all thrtxigh il>e Water, an>l thus dii
turbrtfthe Mc.tion ol the Ship. 1 he ;oth, they put xw ,
a great Bay, out of whu h f.mlinp no 0}*nin(^, they return'.!
to a Northern CourO- again. I lere tl»e Ship tr •moled ag.ii;i
with IoikI ai d horribl. t lap of Thurder » a'ld the I ifV't
ning was fo like to let it on Fire, thnt, in all Prolahilifv,
it muft have llameil, had not tlie t'k^udv that turnillied th--
|ieniici<His Fire, alTordetl Warrr alio in prcxligious Slniwrn
of Rain for thr extin^iftiing ol it. Tlie 4 ift, wiiha NortS
ern Courfe, in the Fvening they iiafTcil the Fquatnr a Se
coml timei and, liriMg encompafTed with I jml all rout d
almoft, th«y amhored at Twelve F'atlmm goo<l Ground,
near a iltfuUte Illaml, that lay clofe hy the firm !..iikI.
.Ar/li/l I. they made 1 -,' North liititude i and, in tlir
F.vetung, witn a hanl Stream, went clofe to the I jnd,
and, betaufe of tlK* Calm, anchoretl, tho' in a Ihdkiw
Water, and very rtigged Bottom. The ad, they drov
along with the Stream Weft and Weft by North, with vrrv
tainy Wcat.ier. The ?il, Ix-ing ft ill Ivcaltned, they fteerr I
as l>efore, and found a Bank fo far in the .Sea, that they
tould fcarce fee the I jnti, being in Ibme Places Forty, n
others Twenty, ami fo to Twelve Fathom, famly Groom! i
ami the Stream there went Weft South-weft. The fame
Pay, they made < <;' North I atitxKle.and faw feveral Wh.il s
and Fortoilts, with Two Idands lying to the Weftward of
them. And now they gueflld they were at the EmI o*' th-
laml of iVrtw (i«.«cv, fiaving lailed 2 So I.eaguei along hy
the Coafl. Ihe Rams and ( alms ftill continued.

2 J. The 5th in the Morning, feveral Canoes came tip to

them, bringing Indian Beans, Rice, Tobacco, and Two

Binls of I'araiiile. They Ivattrrcd for One of thefe fine Birl',

which was all white ami yellow. The IndiaHs fpoke the

Ternatt Iau>guagc, and fome of them the Spamjh and A''-

laian \ which latter Tongue C/awfen tlic Merchant was wdl

flsitletl in. They were all of them finely cinathed alviuf

their Waifts, fomr ssith loofe Silks, others with Breethe',

ami fome filkr n Wreaths aN«it their I Iea<ls, which were

the M«hammfd.tns ol the Company. All of them in gene

ral had Coal black I lair, ami go»xl .Store of GoKI and Silver

Rings upon their Fingers, 'fhey birterrd with the Dntib

for Beads, ami otiier Toys •, but had much more mind fur

Linen CI<Xii. They appeared to be very fearful, and fufjii

f lous of them to that Degree, that they would not tell them

tlje Name of the Country \ yet they jiKlged, that they wrr-

now at One of the Three Fjfterly Points of Cilele, ami that

tiKfc People were Natives of Tidere j which afterwards tliey

found to be true. The 6th in the Morning, they fct fur

wards, holding a Northerly Courfe, intending to lail about

the Northern Point oiCihlo. The 7th, they law the Nonh

eaft Point of that Illand called Moratay, which then lay

South South-eaft from them. The 8th at Noon, they nuilr

4* 3' North IjKitude, liad there very flormy Weather, an.l

a Current titat ran Northward. The «)th and loth, thry

hail variable Winds ami Weather, and made }* (jo . 1 h'

nth, they had a Profpeifl of the Point Meraiay agai>,

which they defigned to have reached ; but the Current drm •

them off from the land Northward. The 1 3th, they nu !c

2' 58 , the Winds continuing ftill to ftiift alwut, and t:

Rains falling pretry heavily , and this fort of Weather d

tinucd to the 1 7th. This Day, with much Toil itid Trouble,

tlwy got under the land, and failed along by the Coai

with fair Weather; ami, in the Niglit, they faw Icveii

Fires ujton tlie land. The 18th, with ftill Weather, th ;•

continued driving by the land, and at Noon were faluto

by Two Canoes of Ternaltns, who, to lb -w tin ir |>e3ir

able Intentions, hung out a white Flag. They inlormf :

tliem, that they came from the VilUge Scppt, where vt;,

lately li.id ly;en an E»gli!b Ship, as ally a P:nn.i'c of -H? '

ill"";

Chap. r. W ( r. I, r A M C o r n f l i s o n S c ii o v t r

€t

JIm, iIuw lukl Uin (here Thtrt Month* for a Idling of
Rl<f I aiul tiat Tmic nf thcrn wouMrorxluA ihrm the nr«
V*y to the KomI •)♦" Siffy. Ihf i<>fh, ihey f-»ilftl into llw
Bay, 4!i4l wkIuitciI at I'cn Kjlhoii). linily GroiifKl, •Unit
« Ctnnonlh'X from the Shore. They iMrreml here (or
llciw, •'Mgo, Tortoife, ami Ric.-. On .Mgiijl 19. thejf h*l
frvrril ot ih- Nttive^ on tioanl, who rrpunttl, that an
t^gltjb uu\ Dtuh Ship had lirrn Utrly in ihofc I'artt, and
lui p.fKUrnl liilfiiicnt I'njvifioni lor their Voyjgr home \
whHn Nrwi was rxcenhngly .igi 't>U' to I'tojilc who h»l
fjriit ulinoJl 4II thetr Storr, and ti mI'Tc thrrc waia kind
i»» i)ii!)lic Rejoidng amuoK the L uw, whidt now cunfifteii
«.l VM\\iy five Mil), ail iiealthy ami vigorous *r \ wl - \uA
no oiher /\i>preh<-nrKm«, llwn I'lii h a^ Jf'>l<' front thi 11 '"^n-
Cin-ft ol Vtikual*. The nc;r Hiy, th»y h»* an Aix-ounr,
tiiai there were no Iff* than T wm f-»gl<Jh aiul //•/<* Shn>s
U'itrndi*. On/ftrjf«^a<; thiy l.i.,.vl. ami on .V<;p/eii«*^r i
they cnteird, the Wind iieing rontraiy, lf«ro rh' Bay ol aii
Idaivl, whKh fnmctl to he defcrt. Some of the Oflitcrs
w<nt aftjon-, m order to view thr Country, an<l cnd< avoiired
III af end a very high Mountain for that i'ur|>nft; ( but Ibund
It fo very ftci'|» and rugged, that they quickly abamloned
their Attcmiit. Tliey law, however, an cxtraoniinary Curi-
ofity hTc, wlikh wai a Worm ai thKk x% a Man's Leg,
and of a great Length. The Name of th« Ifland i. Mtrt,
which, tlio' it appeared one continued Tradt of Land at a
Diftanre, they tiHind, unon a clof>.r Lxamination, was, in
Reality, iom|H)leil o» (evcral Iflandj. On the <;th, they
anthorrd olF the Court of CJ$itU, where a very unlucky Ac-
fident hail like to have Ixrfallen them ; for, fomc of tlie
Seamen going to catch Ki(h unarmeil. Four Soldiers of
'fi-rHalf IikIiI. nly rufheil out of the Wood% Sword in i land,
int( miing to have killetl them, as they were drawing up their
Net i but, the Surgeon calling out OraH HolLinJa, the In-
Man Soklieri Ifopprd, an»l, throwing Water on their I leads,
which IS a Sign of Peace in thufc Countries, approached
ihem in a i)eaceabl>: Manner, and told them, that the Rea-
jbn of tlu ir Attempt was tlieir taking them fur SfOMiarJj.
At the Retnicft ot the Seamen, they were perfuaded to go
on board, where, having Beads and other Trifles given them,
they wrre (xiealingly well fatisfied, and promifed to bring
them i'rovilions and Kefrrlhments -, which they did.

14. On the 14th, they failed ; but, the Wind being llack
for Two or Ihrcc Days, made no great Frogrcfs in their
Voyage. On the .Sixteenth, however, they had Sight of
Ttrnau and 'IiJere. On the 17th, they fpokc with a
Dmth Ship, which gave them an Account of Admiral
Sfiiitrgen'i \'oyage, as alio, that there was a Squadron of
Ten Dutch Ship under the Command ot the General John
Dtnckfon Lam, of Hern, at the Manillas, to defend the
Trade of hu Countrymen againit a great Spanifi) Fleet that
it uas expected would come Ihortly to attack them at
Ttrnate. The fame Evening they anchored in FJeven
Fathom fandy Ground before Malaya in Ternate \ there
Captain Scbtvttn, and "Jiiquts It Main, went on Ihore, in
orekr to eonler with the Geniral Laurence Real, who was
come tliithtr in the Place of the dcccafcd General Gerard
Reynft, where they were well entertained by him, as alfu
by the AilmiriU Stephen IWbagben, and jfafper Jan/on, Go-
venwr ot /Imicyna, and by tiic whole Council of India.
On the 1 8th, ihry fold Two of their Shallops, with a
great deal ul what they had favcd out of the Horn, which
was burnt in King's Ifland, and received in ready Money
I >50 Reals \ with Part of which they purchafcd from the
General Two 1 .alts of Rice, a Ton of Vinegar, the like
l^pantity ot Spansjb Wine, and about Three Tun of
Bifcuit. On the 24th, F.lcven Men, and Four Boys, de-
manded Leave of the Captain to enter into the Company's
Service -, which, at the Requelt of the General, he very
readily granted. On the 26th, they took Leave of the
General, who treated them with the greatcft Kindnels and
Rrfi)e>.'l, and accompanied their Capuin and Supercargo
aboard with Cokiurs Hying. On the 27th, they tailed tor
Hanlam. On the 2()th, they palled the Lane for the
Fourth time in that Voyage. On the i6th of Oileber,
they anchored in the Road oijapara-, and, on the aSth,
at Jacatra, where they lound rhrcc Dutch, and as many
En^ltjb, Ships in the Road. The following Night one of
their Seanu n died, wluch w^^ the firll they iofl out of the

Nl'MC. 5.

Umiy, Aid the tliitd tluC luJ died duiing the whole
Voyage.

H. On the lal> ol Oihhtr, arrived Jthn Peierfin Ktet^
of Him, IVi fiilf ut for the htifl !ndl» Company at Bantam \
and the wry rxl Day he lent for the Captain, ami both
the SuperrifKi 1, belorc the Counril of the Indiii, After
a very little I'l lotirfe, he required them. In virtue of hit
Coiiiniiin>in tr in the Etft /ni/d Company, to deliver up
the Ship and Cargo iininediaiely : The Captain and Super-
cargoes inliftid. that the Seizure was unlawful, finte they
had not otfindtJ titlier ag.iinll thtl^ttir, or the Intention,
of tlic Company's Charter \ (ince, with reijieCk to the
former, they dul not conic intj the Indies by either of the
turbidden pj|la;^is, ti.:. the Cai* of Good //epe, or the
Streiglits ot M.ifdlan, but by a Paffige of their own Dif*
(overy, wliiili, in its Coniquinres, imill be extrennly
ailvantageuus to the Comineive of tlu ir Countrymen, and
to the wliole tratling World : 1 haf, as to the latter, il
lould nof 'i«; the Mtai.iiig of the States (ifneral, in grant-
ing that Clurtff, to deprive their SubiecJtii of the iknetit*
reliiltiiig tmm mw Dilcoviries, fince that wf)ulit hjvr betn
inconfiltaif with th. fole iXlign of granting ths Llmrttr,
which, M the Charter i:lel( exprelT.ti, wa:. ti.r promoting
the Commerce ol tlie Suhjcfts ot th:- Republic. Bur all
they could lay iigiut.cd nothing ; the Prelident tok! them,
thar.if tliiy thought thty lutfered wrong, they might feelc
Redrel"i in Holland. " This, fays tlic Author of the
" Duteh Voyage, was done upon Mondiiy the ill of No-
" vernier, alter our Reckoning ; but uixin 'fuifday, the
'• ad of November, by our Countrymins Reckoning there.
" The Rcal'un of the Uillcrcnce of the Time lell out
" thus : As we failed WeftwanI from our own Country,
*' and had with the Sun compafled the Globe ol the WorKt,
'* we had one Night or Sun-fetting lefs than thtj , and
*' they that came out of the Weft, and tailed to the Ea(b
" thereby, had one Day or Sun-fetting more than we,
'♦ which makes the Uiffirence ; and fo, as we made our
** Reckoning of the Time tlien with ourfelves, anil did
" the like with our Countrymen, that Week we loft the
" Tuefday, leaping from Monday to IVednefday, and fo
" had one Week of Six Days. Our Ship being in this
'* Manner taken from us, Ibme of our Men put thtm-
" filves into Service with the Eaft /«<//d Company \ the reft
" were put into Two Ships (that were to go home into
" Holland) cMei\ the /fmjlerdtim, and the Zeland,their Ge-
" ncral being George van Spilbergen : The Mailer, H''il'
" lian Corneli/on Sihovten, Jacob U Matre, and Ten of
" our Men, went with the General in the Amfterdam, the
" Matter's Name John Comelifon May, alixs Menfc beater;
•• and Atiis Ciau'/en, and the Pilot Claujierfon, with
*♦ Ten others, in the Zeland, the Mafter's Name Cornelius
'• Kienlande, of Midleburgh, which let Sail from Bantam
" the 14th of December." In little more tlian a Fort-
night, vix. the 3 ill of that Month, died Jagnes le Maire,
their Simercargo, chiefly of Grief and Vexation, on ac-
count ol^ the diliiftroiis l".nd ot a Voyage which had been
fo proffjcrous to that Time. I le was extremely folicitous on
account of his Journal, which he had taken the utmoll Pains
about, recommending it to the Care of liis I'l lends, and dc-
firing that a full Account of tliis Tranfadion might be fairly
publifticd, that not only their Countrymen, lut the whole
World, might judge of the Ufage they had rcccrived.

a 6. January i. 1617. they loft Sight of the .^. ' • j^.
The 24th, they anchored under the Ifland Mauricius, and
refrclhed there for Six Days. March the 6th, they palTcd
the Cape of Good Hope, as they guclTed, but faw it not.
The }ift, they were under the Ifland of .St. Helena, and
there found the Zeland at their Arrival. The 6th of April,
having fupplied their Ships with frelh Water, they fet Sail
together. I'he 24th, they paflfed the Equinodial the Fifth
time-, and, the 2Sth, law the North Star, which they
had not fecn for Twenty Months before. July the ift,
the Amfterdam came into Zeland, whither the Ship of that
Name had come the Day before. Thus this Voyage
round the World was pcrlormctl in Two Years and
Fjghteen Days \ which, confidcring the Dilficulties they
met with, the Nature of their Courle, and every other
Circumftance of the Voyage, was a very wonderful thing,
and might, one would have thought, have induced the
H States

■I

liBr^i

i^^HI

^^B,>'^

The V OY kGES of

Book I.

I li:

'1 'i

|*<

States Gcnrral to liave relieved them from the Hardihipi
to which the Pride and Avarice of the Eafi India Company
h«l fubjefted them. The Proprietors of the Unity, and
the Hern, finding, that, notwithftandina they had carried
their Point in rclpeft to the Difcovcry of a new PalTage to
the Eaft buUu to the South ol die Streights of \UgtUsn,
they had ioA their Ships and Cargoes, and, conlcqucntly,
all the immctliate Benefit they expefted from it, deter-
mined, however, to follow the dying Advice of To^"-* ^
Mmrt, and to puWifh an Account of the Difcovcry as (bon
as it was poffible. In order to this, they cauletl the
Jairnals of le Mairt and Ciawfcn to be traiikribt-d, rxa-
mined, and compared \ and then, drawingout of ihcm fuch
Poind as Teemed in any Degree obfciue, they recom-
mended them to the View of the Mafters, and other Officers
of the Unity, for Fjtplanarion : And, having thus procured
an authentic Relation of this mod memorable Expedition,
they pubhlhcd it the very next Year in Dutch, that every
body in their own Country miglit read it. In the Year
1619. an Engltjb Tranflation of it appeared, which wu
dedicated to Sir Tbtnuu Smith, then Governor of the
EngUJb Eaft India Company \ in which Dedication, the
Difcovcry IS particularly recommended to his Confider-
auon. With a View to the Ufe that might be made of it
in favour of our Commerce. But, notwithflanding tlie
Author of this Dniication certainly meant well, it does
not appear, that his Book was confidercd in any other Light
than as an JuAorical Account of new Difcoveries, whereas
he certainly intended it for more important Purpofcs.
Within the Compals of a few Yews, it appeared in French,
Itaiian, and lAttn \ and the Fame of thefc Navigators
fpread all over Euraft, while the original Adventurers
were cnntefting the Point vi Coi<ftil-ation with die EmJI
IndtaCompany in Ihlland. The Accounts of this Voyage,
hitherto pubiilhed in our Colledlions, have been all of them
very (hort and imperfed, efpccially as to the Deftgn of
the V'oyapr, which wt hope the Reader will here find
throughly explaineil ; which Pains we have rather taken,
bccaufi-, as we (hall prcfently (hew, there never was a
V'ciyagt that dctcr\'i'd it licttcr. Other Difcoveries, other
Voyag .^ to thi- F^:ji India, may be read for Amnfcmcnt,
or hiilon. ..I Inltrudiun ; but this (hould be regarded in
antitht r Ijftht, lince it points out to us a kind ol Navi-
garmn capble of pr.x- gioos Improvement, and to which,
perhaps, no Nation hai a better Title than cxufelves \
llncc the Seuth .'->jC( n^pary fccris to have been originally
eftablifhfd tor the Profccunon ot thole Difcoveries wluth m
this l-.xpedition were t)cgun.

27. Thcic arc few Voyages that deferve Remarks fo
much as this of // Main, and yet it is not tht- eaficft
Matter in the World to make them. The Cienerality of
Mankind imiigine, that moft great Difcoveries arr made
by Cha;uc, and that the abic-ft Seamen have been Icfs
indebted to Knowk-d^e than to Fortune, for the Fame
they have attjuirc! by tliru finding out new Countries. But
the cliier Ic \U:ri, I mean Ifnac the Merchant, actually
difcovrrcti more in his C'lof<t, than his Son did in his
Voy.iBe, though, in point ot Difcovcry, it was far fupeiior
to any made in his Time. For the elder U Mairr, from
the Dilpofitian ot larth anl Water in the other Parts of
the Gltjbe, imagined, that tlicre roukl not be a Fourth
Part Water in thr .Southern 1 lemifpherc. In irfpe^t to
the .Streights of Magellan, he is* diey lay but in the Tenth
Climate, whereas a jircat Part of Ewtpt, Afi; and Ame-
rica, lay as tar us -hi Twenty-fourth i trom whence he
conclui'ed, that ilurr mult bt* a Continent to the Sourii of
thoft Streights whuh ftaurhcd itlcif into a warmer Lati-
tude, .in.l inadr .1 xcvj contiderable Part of the World,
ihmiph hitlwrrouniiiUovrred •, and this was the Foundation
tjf his IVuic^t ol finding out a new Paflagc to unknown
Countries. But the Reader nuy polFibly inquire, why,
lupixifmg tkrc were fuch a Continent, it rcwA be oon-
dudid a.nothcr Indus: .Ind, to anlwer this Qudlion, 1
mud obliTve, that the only way of guefling rationally at
the Products of unknown Coiintrirs, is by confulering the
Clitn.itcs in whkh tficy lie, and the Nature of thofc Coun-
tries tiiat are well known, and lie ui the tunc Climates. Le
A/<».'>'< very juJinouOy conjefhired, that, if there was fuch
a .So-atlicinConanciit, the grcatclt Part of it muft lie be-

tween Thirty and Thirty-fix Degrees of Latitude i a:id,
as he knew, that the Coaft of Barbary, all Syria, the nioft
fruitful and uletCuit Provinces of Ptrfia, the beft Part of
the Indies, all that was known of Japan, what had been
hitherto diltovcred of California, New Mexict, and Florida,
lay within tlie fame Degrees of Northern Latitude, and
that the beft Part of Cidjii, ami the Countries about the
River of plate, lay in the fame Southern Climate, h^,
with great Jufticc and Probability, inferred, that, if fudj
a Country could be difcovcred, it muft be extremely rich
and fruitful, abounding with all the Commodities that are
muft iuught, and bell elleemetl, in Europe. When he
communk:ateil his Thoughts tu Ca[>taiii ScLovten, be not
only concurred with him in Opinion, but fumilhcd him
with many other Reafons in Support of it, drawn from
Experience, and the Knowkxlge he had of th*:Countries a]>
ready difcovered in the Ea^ Indies \ is that, on the Whole,
they were fully pcrfuaded, that, if they could bring thdr
Proje^ to bear. Spices, Gokl, and precious Stones, might
(xrtainly be brot^ht from thcfc Southern Indies. They
reafoned, in this rcfpeA, on the very lame Principles that
Colnmhus had lakl down in Support of his firft £xL)cditian }
and, therefore, there ncva was a Voyage undertaken upon
wiicrurbcnerGrouncbthan this, as, perhaps too, there never
was a Voyage executed with greater Ability or Succefs ; ol
which the caly Difcuvery of tiie Streighu of le Mairt, and
the going quite round the World with the Lofs of Four
Men only, and one of thefc killetl by Grief, are the
ftrongcft Inftances. it is, indeed, very true, that no lucli
Continent was difcovered by this Voyage •, and yet, when wc
conTider the Matter fairly and maturely, this will be fouixi
no Ibrt of Proof againA the Truth of their Conjectures,
but rather the contrary : For Scbmien and le Maire did nut
purtue tlicir Voyage as they intended, but ran nearer the
Line, fo as to make few or no Difcoveries, but between
Ten and Twenty Degrees of South Latitude i and the
Countries they did difcuver wiTcciucfly Illands, but Iflands
rich, fruitful, well inhabited, and well provided with
Canoes, and odier Velfels, all certain and infallible Marks
of ibmc adjacent Continent i fo that, confidcring this wjs
the firrt Voyage ever atteinjitctl from this Part of tlie
World through thofc .S(.a.s, inllcad of wondering, that tliey
made fo fmall a Progrefs, we ought rather to be liirprifcd,
that with a finglc Ship, ami with Ici fmall a Force, tlvy
were able to do fo much. After all, Celunhns did no
more in his firfl Vr>yage ilian ditc over the IHmds that lay
off America ; and therefore Scbovten and le Mairt, at
they went on the fame Plan, may be truly faid to have
met with ai much Succels. We cannot, therefore, but
be fenfibic, thnt the Ccnttire palled on this Dilcovery by
the Dutch Wntcr of Spilbergen'i Voyage, which we have
takoi notice of before, was equally cruel and unjuft •, tor
whereas he objcftetl, that they had difcovered no Countrirt
or Ptiijile wKh wlwm any Trade could \x carried on, but
barely a new Stiright, the Vt£i is falfe, and they real!/
diliroveretl as much as could be reafonably expefted : The
only Wonder is, that this Difcovcry was not profeaitnl,
and that a Nation fo famous lor Induftry, and fo well
turned for all commercial Improvements, u the Duicb,
fhoukl lot flip fo favourable an 0[)p<)rtunity as tliis oticrcd
for cxttuding their Trade, efpecially at a time when thii
fecmed to be peailiarly cbcrifhcd by the State. In order to
Iblvc this Difficulty, we need only relict on the Hari!<hi[<i
that were endured by the Perfons who uinlerttjok tins
Voyage, and the i^flirs that " ?rc fuftained by its Pro-
prietors . Thcfe were more than fufTicient to deter private
Men from running the Rifqucof fuch another Fjtpedition;
becaufir, befides all the Dangers infepoiable from fuch an
Undertaking, there was tliis mvinciUe Obftack of the Eiijl
/»i/d Company's exchilive Charter, which, wlutcver U-
came of them at .Sea, was fure to overturn them on Sliorc ;
ami, as to any (niblk; Priircution of the Project, that too
was Ic'arcc to lie expcftcd, fmce tlie State rarely reaps any
Profit from F.xpectitiuns that would make ptiv.itc Men
rich. But our Bulinels heic hes iliiefly w 'h the prcllnt
Difcovery. It may be wondered, why the People in tliili
Illands are called Negroes, lince it does not appear by lub-
fet]uent Difcoveries, that dierc arc any fuch in thole Parts.
AU that I can fay in Aiilwcr tu diu is, that they are lb

ookl. H Chap.I. William CoRNELisoN ScHovTE

<?J

ftUed in the orimnd Voyage in Dultb^ and I knew no
Rjoht I hid to chmae the Expreffion. It a very uofliblc
tbK ther might call titek People Nepocs in Oppofition to
the Www of Aiierus, becaufc their ComplcmoM were
much darker, though far enough from being quite black.
Later Difcoveries make thcfc People have veiy d«cf cnt
Complexions, which rticws, that there arc many Nations
in thofc Paru of various Hues, that intcrmut with each
other I and, as all Accounts agree, that thefc People an:
much better (killed in Navigation than the InhAitanw
of America were at the Time that Country was firft
found out, it fliould feem, that People, who have
fo much Commerce amongft thcmfelves, are worth our
finding out. I fay this for many Reafons, of which,
at prefent, I (hall offer but Three. The lirft is, that at
pitfent there is a Neccflity of difcovcring new Trades, be-
caufc the old ones feem to be mo(t of them overltocked.
The fecond, d»t thefc Countries are Uke to ttke off a
great Quantity of our Manufactures, the People going for
the molt part clothed, and arc in a great meaiurc civiliied.
And, thirdly, as they lie at fo great a Diftance, in pro-
l>oition as fuch a Commerce increafes, it muft have a very
advantageous EffcA with regard to our Navigation and
Shippii«. The only Objedlion that can be made it, that,
if the Dutch have ncglefted it, there is little Pro'oability
that we (hall be able to thrive by it •, and to this I fay,
we (hall very (bon make it appear, that the Dtucb have not
fa much ncgleftcd as concealed it •, probably for this
Reafon, that, being in Poffcffion of a very beneficial
Trade in the Eajl Indiet, and having the Monopoly of the
Spice Trade, they are rather concerned about the pre-
venting other Nadons from falling into fu beneficial a

Comnnercf , than inclined to purfueit themfelves, asJiavlng
Icfs need of it than any other Nation in Europe. But, to
put the Matter out of Difpute, and to (hew, that what*
ever Reafons either the Butch or Spaniards may have for
endeavouring to conceal thdc Southern Lands, it is, how-
ever, a Matter worthy uf our Contideration, to difcover
them, 1 (hall, in the next Seftion, and by way of Ap^
pendix to this, give the Reader a very largj: Memorial of
a SpMl/h Difcuvcrer, who not only conjeftured, that there
were fuch Scmthem Countries, but actually faw, examined,
and reported what he met mth in them, and what might
bt expeAevI from a I'radc carried on with their Inhabitants.
i mud firtt advertili: the Reader, that, tho' I place this Paper
as an Appendix, yet, in point of Time, the Spaniflt was
prior to the liutth Difcovereri but then what he dif-
covcred was concealed tor many Years, and never could
<xmv to the Knowledge ot Ifaac U Maire i, though, fmce
its Publication, it ferves to dcmonfbrate the Juftice and
Truth of his Conieftures. A . "*her Reafon for my bring-
ing this Memorial in here, rainer tlian poftponing it until
we come to treat of the Southern Parts of ylmerica, is, be-
caulc it gives great Light to our fubfequent Circum-
navigattoiu, many Pallagt;s in which would be (carce in-
telk^bk without it. It u ccruinly right to be very care-
fill in refpoA to Method, efpecialjy in Works of fuch an
Extent as this i but as this Rule is founded on the Ne-
cefljty of nuking Things clear, by placing them in fuch a
manner as that mey may rdleft Light upon each other, the
very (kmc Reolbn oblt^ us to difpenle with the (tridt Pro-
ftcution of our Plan, when fuch a Deviation contributes
more to che Reader's Information, than the contrary
PraifUoe would have done.

S E C T I O N X.

Tthc Foyages of Don Pedro Fernandez de Quiros, for the Difcovery of the Southern

Contittent and Jflands,

I. T2k? confiant TraSlice of the Spanifli VUeroyt in the lafl Age to make their Court to their Makers, by
endeavouring 'o make Difcovenes. i. Den Pedro Fernandez de Quiros employed to this Purfofe by the
Vifcroy e/Feru, and a/teruMrdsJolicits the Settlement of the Countries he dijcovered at the Court o/' Spain.
3. His DefcriptioH of the Country and People. 4. The Beauty, Exeellence and fVholfoincneJ's of the Climate.
f, jin Account of his taking Pojjejlion of this Fourth Part of the World., which he is pleafed to call La
Aufhialia del Efpiritu Santo, for the Ufe of the King of Spain, in the Authors own ffords. 6. Other
Arguments offered in Support of his Propefal, and their E/fiils. 7. The Subftance of a larger Spanilh
Memorial, in which thefc Countries are more particularly defer i bed, 8. Demonjirative Proofs of the
Truth of his Relations. 9. This Account of dc Quiros confrmed by the fubfequent Experience oj later
Difcoverers. 10. The Reafons why the Spaniards have changed their Policy, and affeS now to difcourage
Inquiries and Difcoveries of this fort. 11. There are Jufficient Motives to encourage other Nations to
attempt what the Spznhrds, in mere Policy, decline.

"A*

FT ER the Spaniards had conquered Mexico and
Pern, they were very dcliroiis of difcovcring
more diftant Countries -, and the Projcds of the
famous Chriftopher Columbus being Aiil talked of amongfl
them, and his Notions being daily better underilood, many
of the Viceroys were defirous of obliging the King tlicir
Matter, enriclung thcmfelves, and acquiring Reputation, by
beiximing the Patrons of great Difcoveries : With this
View they frequently fitted out Fleets to the North, to the
Weil, and to the South, in hopes of difcovering the Coun-
tries between the Eafi ami IVtJt Indies more pcrfedly » and of
ihefe Difcoveries they lent over large Accounts inxa Spain, of
which we (hall have Occaliun to fpeak copioufly in another
i'lace. But, of all the Difcoveries that were, by this means,
made, that which occafioncd moll Difcnurfc was, the (ind-
sng uf the Iflands of Sekmtm by /Ihartz ii Mmlefa, about
the Year 1527. concerning which Iflands the Spmards
had vTiy (iiiUnct Accounts, but dcftroyed ihem all by ex-
prefs Urder truui Spain, on the Coming of Sir Francis
Drake into the Stuib Seas \ but, after that Fear wm tdown
over, the l>ftre ot finding thofe Iflancts was revived \ and
this Captain Pedro Fimandtz de iitfiros made Two Voy-
ages for thiit Purpoic-, about die latter Entl ot the Sixteenth
Century , but the cxa^t Time dt>ct not appear. Wc know

however, titat he was patronized and protected by the Vice-
roy of Pnu.

2. This CJentleman Don Pedro made a Voyage to SpaiHy
where, in the Year 1600. he prefented feveral Memorials
to the Court, defiring Affittance for the Conqueft and
Settlement of thefe new-found Countries, in refpeft to
which, lie avers, that he h.id fpcnt great Sums of Money
in Fourteen Years Time, and had travelled 20,000 Leagues
by Sea and Land, in order to bring this Difcovery to bear.
It is tiwn this Memorial, of which there are (till feveral
Cojiies remaining, fome larger, and fome more concife,
that we are enabletl to give any Account of his Dilcoverics.
In this Memorial, he firft reprcfcnts to his Catholic Ma-
jcfty, that the Continent he defireil to fettle was equal in
Bignel's to F.urope and the LejTer AJia taken together, lying
all in the Torid Zone, and tnerefore, in his Opinion, like
to be cxtn-mely rich. He fays, that it ought to be efti-emi d
the Fourth-part of the Globe; but, in this refpeft, his
Meaning is not very clear. The belt Interpretation, tliat I
have met with, is this j That he reckons Europe, Jfia and
/tfrica th«' Firft P.irt •, the Eeji Indies the Second -, Ame-
rica file Thin! i and this new-found Country the Fourth.
As for the Extent of if, he fpeaks partly trom his owi>
Knowledge, but moltJy from Conjeifturi-, having difcovered

only

l-t

€4

.'J 1 V

7^^ V O Y A Ci E S of

Book I.

only that Part, which lay in or near 15* South Lati-
tude.

3. As to the Pcopk, he reports, that they were of vari-
ous Complexions i feme white, feme black, fome tawny:
fiut is pofitivc, that the Country he faw was very well peo-
pled, and very well cultivated ; the Inhabitants gpnerally of
of a quiet and peaceable Difpofition, having many Canoes,
and other Vcflels, in which they tranfuorted their Commo-
dities from one Place to another. He dcfcribes very particu-
larly the P!ant5,Trees,Bcafts,Birds, and Fifties, of thisCoun-
try , affirming, that it produced all Things necelTary to hunun
Life within itfdf, together with Gold, Silver, Pearl, Nut-
megs, Mace, CJingcr, and other Spices for txportauon,
alwumiing likewifc with vaft Quantities of Sugar-canes, very
large, and excellent in tlitir Kind. He dcfcribes particu-
larly the Bay of .SV. James and Si. Philip, which, he fays,
is very large, as well as very fafe and commodkHU. An-
other Haven he mentioned, to which he pivc the N.>me
of La Vtra Cruz, capable, accortling to his Account, of
htJding 1000 Ship*, with fafc Anchorage cvery-where.
This Haven, he ailils, is in the Neighbourhood of Seven
fine Idands, One of which he liad viewed anil furrounded,
finding it about Fifty Leagues in Circumference \ and thb
Haven, acconiing to his Account, lies in 15' 40 South
Latitude. He ex}wtiates on the many Advantagjcs that
might arife from a Settlement there •, and infills partknJarly
on lu being the properetl Means for uniting the large Do-
minions« whkh his Catholic Majefty had already acquired,
a& well in the Eafi Indies, as in America, as lying between
both, and affording thereby an Op|x)rtunity ol carrying on
an ealy and beneficial Trade with eitlicr : All which he
offers to dcmonftrate at large to fuch Commiffioncra, well
(killed in thcfc Matters, as his Majeffy (liould be plcalcd to
aj)iioint. But whether, in confequcncc of ihd'c Memorials,
any futh CommilTionen were appointed, or whether, in
purfiiance of their being appointed, thefc ProjccU ol Don
Ptdro lernandez Je ijjji/rw were cxammed and approved,
we have no kind of Proof

4. After infifting on the Fertility of the Soil, the Conve-
niency ot the Ports, and ihcir commodious Sittiation, he
comm<n(is tlie Wholiomcntf^ of the Air, which he declares
to r< fuch, th.1t, nniwithftanding he had a confidcrahle Body
of \fin, wlio, like himfclf, were Strangers to the Place,
f xcriifcJ, while they wtre there, with continual Labours,
expofrd corilantly to the oj^n .'\ir, often hot, and ibmc-
times expoftd to the loKi I>ews; yet were none of them
takin fick. .As to the Natives, thry found tliem (Irong,
hea!t!iy, and many of them very old, tho' they laboureil
hanl, and lay upon the bare Ground 1 which, as he very
iullly obfervfs, b a prrgnant Inftancc of its \V holfomenefs
fince, it It were a nioill, marlhy Soil, like that of the Ph-
iippties, the inhabitants would certainly raifc their Dwell-
ingi upon I'lks ol Wootl, as is ufual in thofi; Illands. He
liktwilf takc^ notice, that Flclh and li(h were often keiit
there- Two Pay;, .;nd were jierfcctly Iwcer. 1 he Fruits of
that Country, gat.'.tred gretn, he carried back with lnnuo
Mexiic, Ibiind, aiid wdl tailed. Ik-fides all tlief"- Blfflings,
enjoycil by the Southtrn Continent in common with otlur
fruitkJ Countries, he icnurkj the following Prerogatives,
which diftingiiilh it from, and reixlcr it uiiKrior to, any
of the Provinces of eidier of t!ic Imises •, furn as that tlicie
are no Thirtks, Bri.Ti>, or Thorns, that grow there 1 no Fen*
or Mar/hes 1 no Snow ufon the Mountains 1 no UaiKling
Waters in tht- Fields or .Mcailows •, no .SerjKrnts, or venom-
ODi Cnatures of any Kmd. in the Grals or Wootls ■, no
CrotCKliks in the Rivers; no Worms among their Com or
Grain ■, rv) Gnats, ftinging 1 lies, or any other Vcrtnin
whatever: For thclc Kcaloiis, he makes no Doubt, that it
ought to b<- prtlerred to .lil the C'oiiqueiU mavle by the Spa-
niards in either of thi- Indie:.

5. The .Account he gives of his taking PollcfTion of this
Fourth-jart (.f thcGlolie i« vtry remarkable, and thcrclore I
fliall givt it the Readier in hjsown Words, which may ferve
as a Specimen of the whole Pcriormance, and ronvinie the
Reader of the lixpediency ot giving him an Fxtrart only of
thcrcrt. " Sutli, Sire, (ays he, in the -Seventh Article ot his
" Memorial, arc the dreatrcls and Gooilnefs of the Coun-
" tries which I have difiovcred, of which 1 luve already
** takin roffcirion in tJK Name of your Majelly, and un-

" der your Royal Banner, as appearcth by the AAs, whkh
" I keep ftfely in my I'owrr, whercunto I |irocrcilcd atfrr
*• this enfuing Manner : I'irrt, (Sire) we ercfted a Crof,
** and built a Church, in Honour of our Lady of Ltreitt.
*' Then we caufed Twenty Maflci to be celebrated there -,
" and our Troops made hifte thither, to ^ain fome Indul-
•• genccs gianted on H-'bitfnnday. We alio made a folemn
♦« Pnoceffion, and obferved tlic Feaft of the BlclTed Saira-
" ment, the which was carried in Proccffion, your Ban
" neret being ever difplayed, and marching before it, thro'
" a great Circuit of Countries, which were honoured with
" the Prefencc of the Ciine. In Three fevcral Places wc
" fet up our Title, in every One of which wc prepared .inci
•• ercfted Two Columns, with the Arms of your Maj (ly
•' tricked and garnilhed thereupon ; fo that I may, with
** good Right, af?irm, that, fincc this will challenge to l)c
" One of the Parts of the World, the Imprefs of Pks ultra
" is accomplifhed •, and, becaufc it ftrcirhed unto the Con-
" tinent, whether it be forwaixl or backward can be no great
•» Matter. The Bounds of your Domink)ns are, with murh
" Spacioufnefs, inlarged. Now, all this which I haveper-
" formed, rcceiveth its Root from this faithful Zeal, which
" I bear unto your .Maieffy, tliat, to all the Titles, whKh
" you already joffefs, vou may ailjoin this, w!iich \ pre-
" lent 4 and that the Name ot La /luftrialia d/. Lfpir-.tu
" Santo may be blazoned and fpiead over the Face of the
" whole World, to the Glory ot God, who hath rcve.il d
" this Country, and hath given me th'* Grace to guide my
*' Courfe thither, and to return to the Prefencc of your
*• Majelly, before whom I prcllnt and protfrate myfii
" with the fame AffecJfion and Zeal unto this Work,
" which I had before, and which hath grown up with me,
" as it were, from my Cradle •, and, for the Noblenefs .imi
" Worth thereof, I do ftill temler and chcrith the fame
" with the greateft 1-ove that can be."

6. In onlcr to give Ibll greater Force to this Mcmori J,
heobfcrvesat the Clofe, that if this new-dil<:overcd South-
ern Country ffiould be tbught for, and feizcd by any of the
Northern Nations, l-'.nemies to the ilx^vw o\ Spain, and
Heretiis befides, his Catholic Majelly would not only lofe
the mighty Advantages b;fore-menrionnl, but might like-
wife find himfelf fo terribly dittrcfTetl in b<;th the £4^ Ind:t:
and the ll'eft, as might engage him to fpend much nicr.-
to recover, than was now nectfliiry for the fecuring and lit
tlint? this noble Country. He likewife obfcrvcs, that the
Galleons were on tlie |x)int of departing i and that there
tore It was nciclTary his M.TJeily Ihould take Ibme fpr.-dy
Refolutk>n, tlut he ought be the l(X)ner and letter able tn
jicrform all that he liasl promiled v the rather bixaufe thi
was the Fighth Memorial he had j^refented, and tlie Four
teeiuh Month he hail fjient in the Spanijh Court, witju .t
l)cing able to obtain any fatisfuffory Anfwer. In Return 'd
this, he is faid to have had an Order to lf>'y 1 200 Men \n
New Spam for the Fxecution of this Proje<ff , and to recr iv
500,000 Pivces of F.ight for the necc ffary Ixjiences ot iin
Undertaking. But, atter all, the Atfair cam.- to nothing,
tho' the Spani/b Court had tlien lu good an Opinion (fit,
that ihey ordereil Icvcralot the Memorials he had prelentid
to be printed at Seville in 1610.

7. But, tjefides thefe, there is ftill extant a large Spanili
Memorial, in wluth the Subda;ice ot what we have belorc
reiatitl IS (onuined, with luch oilier Circumftances, as ferm
to f|)cak it his lall Effoit ; and pcrliaps it was upon th:t
Memorial the Onier was niaiie, whirh is bcfoie- mentioned.
In tliat Memorial he ky\, that he difcovcred 10 Illands, the
Names of which he maitions, befides the Country bttotc dt-
fcribed, in which is Bai>ya de Sani feUpe y Sant lago, i. r. the
Bay ol St, Philip ard fames ■, and Puerto de la i'era Cruz,

the Harbour ol Peru Cruz, where they (laid wiiii

I. e.

Three Ships Thirty-fix Days. He beheved they were
one Country, trom their high and double Mountain^, ar i
by tlic GreatiKli. ol the River Jordan-, which appeared irom
an Intormation lodgc-d at Mexico, to which he refers. 1 If
fays further, that, m the Iflc 'Paumaco, which is i2';u
Liragucs trom Mexuo, they Ifaid Ten Days-, and a l.oui
ot that Illand, wtio was called 1'amtti, a Man ot Senle, ta!i
and tull-bodicd -, his Colour ol a Sea-ware, or reddilh 1 j',rty-
eyal i with an high Noft-'i hii Beatd and Hair curled •, ol
a grave Alpcit \ was of jjrcat Service to them, with his

P.-opIc,

Chap. I. Pedro Fernandez de Q,uiros.

<f?

People, in helping tlirm to Water. lie came on Iwanl,
and convcrliil hy Si^iis. He inquired of him, if there
were other Iilands rciiiui thi m, and if inhabited. He namtd
above Sixty of them, and a gnat Country called Manicola.
They lay from .South .Soiith-eaft to North-eaft. To difcribc
the Lirge Ifl.mds he maile large Circles, and fmallcr for the
k-fler Liand.s 1 .ind, for tlu' great Country, h? opened his
Arms, and, ^lointing to tin- Sun, (liutting his Eyes, and
Liying his Head upon hi'. Ham! fo oitui, made out, that it
would be Ten Weeks in (aili- g roiinti them •, in wliich
were People of all Colours, fonie Fricmls, fome Kncmics,
and Canibals ; which he (i[;nifird, by biting his Arm. The
next Day, he faw m.iny ol his I'eopL- in the Bay, who .ngrccd
in tlic lanu; Aitount ; and laid, they had Cows and Uufta-
Igcs, Fov/ls and Swine •, wliieh tiicy fignilicd by crowing,
grunting, iJc, to make them lenfiblc of wliat they would
(jcprcfs to them •, and, upon flu: wing tium a Pearl, they
fiid, they li.ui of them ; and in every thing told the Truth,
and might be depended upon. When they failed from
Tatmiiuo, th( y took Four ot the Natives with them •, Three
were drowned in fwimming, and the other, whom they
called Pedro, rame to Mixico •, and, after learning SjxiniJJj,
upon afking him Queftions in different Companies at differ-
ent Timi's, he never varied once in his Acccunr, or ever
tontradit'tcii liimlelf. I le wa.s a Native of an liland called
I'.bica^ana^ greater than laumaco, and Four Days Sailing
Irom ir. He laid i: w.is plainer, and abounded moic with
Vruit. The N.'.tivc s were moft ol his Indtcn Colour, with
link Hair-, yet fonu- wen- white, with r;d Hair; fome
MulattoiS, with half-curled I lair -, and fome wi re woolly-
headed. In this Mand Were many Kinds of Oyiicrs, with
Peail of fvcr.il Si/cs, in (hall(-w Water.

S. He fVid firrher, that, Three D.iys f.filing from Tmi-
m.-.rc, w.is another Ifland, cilled Gualopo, greater than the
other 'I'wo, [■■oplcd with fome as v/iiitc as the common
S^'<ani\i)J', with rvA and black Hair. He faiti, that, from
another liland called 'fiiroPia, at the Difiancc of Five ! .ays
.Sailing, was a great Country called Manicola, inhabited by
m.iny who were fair, as well as Mulattoes. It w.is an high
Coutitr)-, full of Rivers, which could not be piifled but in
Canoes. 1 le talked nnirh of the Greatnefs, Fertility, and
Vther .Advantages of that Ifland -, that he and other Indians
went thither in a gre.it Canoe or Periagua •, and he faw there
a gooil I larbour, of a ftraiter F.ntrance than that of Philip
.;nd jiitWi \ that it was U'twixt Four Rivers ; and th.it they
might co.:(l .along th.it Country more Days than in going
Irom /,'i.i;ti!to to Mexico, without feting the End of it.
Thire, he faid, arc many Peirl-oylters. In Three Days
S.iiling, with a (lilf dale, from '2'aumaro, is another Ifland
called J-'iw of 1,110. It is low and plain, in which are great
Kivers ; the Country very fertile and populous-, and the
Natives fome fair, and fome Mulattoes. Near this are the
Iflands /'//,;;■ and Niipcn. \\\ .ill thefe are Pearl -oyfters. He
l.iid, that, in Taumaco, w.is .t great Indian Pilot, who had
bren in many more Iflands, and in one great Ifland called
/^(jfoe, where the Peojile were \ervwarlike. He brought with
him from thence fome Fifh-gi!.!;s, anil Arrows which had
coloured Points. Upon fl-.ewing him a Piece of Plate, he
f.iiiK the l^o:nts were of that Colour. De^uiros fays, th.it, in
the Bay of Pl:ilip and J aim:, v.cre m.uiy black Stones, very
he.ivy, Ibme ol wliich he curicd to Mexico, in which, upon
their King alfayed, they found Silver. I'pon fliewing
Pedro fome of tmfe, he faid, that, in Taumaco, there was
much of th.it Sort, which they called Teraqtie ; and alio in
Manicola. When he rame to be well untierllood in Spanifj,
he talked much of t!u- Populouliiefs of their feveral Ifl.mds,
and ol tlie Variety ol diiferent Colours of fuch as inhabit in
them -, and of other great Countries Southeaft and Weft of
them i which agrees exaftly w itii the Conjedures of the beft
Judges, as w\-ll as the F.xperijuce of gre.it Difcovcrers fincc.

9. It is a pretty extraordinary Confcqucnce, that many
People h.ive tirawn from the Negligence of the Spaniards
in profccuting the Dilcoveries of thele Countries ; which is,
that they took thefe Relations of de Sluiros for Fiftionsi
and, upon tliis wife Foundation, will have us believe, th.it
there are no fuch Countries as the Southern Continent or
Iflands by him defcribed. This Opinion of theirs, how-
ever, is founded upon a falfe Faft ; for his Propofals were
not rejefted at Court, but he met with fuch Delays on his
Return to the Indies, that he died before he was able to
underuke any thing. Add to this, that all who have na-
vigated thefe Seas, or any Part of them, inllead of con-
futing, have confirmed wh.it he has delivered in relation to
the Iflands on this .Southern Coaff, and their Inhabitants.
'I'he Reailer will hereafter meet with a Voyage round the
World, undertaken for the 1 )ifcovery of thefe Southern
Countries by the Dittc/.\ fo lately as the Year 1721, where-
in he will tind, that they met v.'ith mofl: of the Ifland.s men-
tioned in /<? Miiire's Voyage, aiul found the Inliabitants of
other Iflands, difcoveredby themfelves, anfwer the Ue-
fcription given by de ^tiros very exadtly ; for they were
perfeftly civili/.ed, dwelt in wooden Floufes, made ufe of
earthen Velfels, h.id Flutes and Drums for Mufic, divided
their Plantations regularly, and fenced them with Poles ;
all which Circumllances will be more particularly taken
notice of, when we come to fpeak of tli.it Voy.ige.

10. In the mean time, I ftiall conclude this Seftion with
obferving, tiiat it lus been now, tor many Years, a fettled
Maxim in the Spanijh Polities, not only to lay afule all
Thoughts of profecuting thefe Difcoveries, but even to
tre.it the Relations publifhed of them by their beft Authors
as abfolutc Romances ; and this with very good Reafon :
For, finding themfelves fo weakened, as to be no longer in
a Condition to undertake any Exjjedition of this Nature to
any great Purpofe, and forefeeing, tliat, if they fhould efta-
bhrti themfelves in Two or Three fmall Iflaiuis, it would
only ferve to encourage other Nations to difpoflefs them,
and thereby gain not only the Settlements from whence they
might be tlriven, but enable them to fix themfelves in
the Middle between their American Dominions and the
Philippine Iflands, to their inexpreflible Prejudice, tliey very
prudently forego a prefent Advantage, rather than run the
Ril(]ue of fuch a future Inconvenience : Y'et, however wife
this Condudt may be in them, it is very wo.nderful, that
other Nations fhould not fee through it, efpecially at a
Time like this, when an Attempt might be made at no
very "reat F.xpence, and with very little Flaziird, becaule,
at all Events, our Ships might go lately round to the Eaji
Indies, as is evident by wliat has been io very lately done
by Commodore Anfon.

11. If a Pn/ied of this fort fliould ever come to be ma-
turely weighed, theri is no great Reafon to fear, that we
might find a Way to iiulemnify ourfilves for the Lofs of tJie
AjTiento, fince, at the word, if any Eilabiifhment could be
made, either on this Southern Continent, or in fome of the
Iflands near it, the Spanifl) Court, upon a Peace, would be
glad to renew that Contra(5f, in Confuleration of our aban-
doning ir, if that would coiitcnt us ; but, if we neglect this
Opportunity, it is liighly probable, that fome other Nation
will loon be Ixfore-lund with us, fiiice there is nothing
more certain, than that Schemes of this fort are daily thought
ot in Countries, where Commerce and Navigation .ire, as
it were, in their Infancy, and where, as yet, the Tyranny
of exclufive Comp.mies is not known. But it is now Time
to proceetl in our Hiftory of Circum-nivigations, and to
fliew how loon the Streights of T.e Mairc grew into Credit
with tiiofe, who aftefted to doubt the Truth of their firft
Difcovery, and who, very probably, would have buriiil ic
in Oblivion, if the Relation in our lafc Sedion had not put
it abibiutf ly out of their Power.

'■k'M

f Hi

Numb. .?.

SECTION

m V OY AGVS of

Book I

S E C T I O N XI.

7%e f^oyage of tbe Naflau Fleet roimd the G/o6e, under tk Commatid of Jaq^ues Le

H E R M I T E.

1. Tbe Motives xcbicb indued Prince Maurice, and tbe States, to undertake this Expedition. l.AnAccounl
' of tbe Strength of the Naffau FU.-t. 3. Remarlks on tbe Diitih yldmini/l ration at that Time. 4. The
'Departure of tbe fle,t from Holland en April 9. 1 613. f . Auidenti tluit bejel them at their /irjl Jetting
out 6. The I'iee-admiral converts a D\iw\\ Renegado. 7. A Mutim punijhed »n board the OwcxyM.
8. The Fleet arrives in the Road of St. Vincent. 9. De/iription of tin Ijlmds oj St. Vincent and St.
Antonio. 1 o. 77vv arrive in the Road of Sierra Lcona. i\. A Dejcriptim of Sierra Lcona, tnd tbt
Ctuntrx tbi-r.-abouis. ij. Anchor in tlx Road 0/ Ctf/**" Lopes. 13. One of their Surgeons dete^ed in
poi Zoning fneral of their Men, for ichicb he -was beheaded. 14.. Their Arrival and Tranfaliions at tl^e
//land of Annobon. 15. De/cripticn of that I/land. 16. Continue their Voyage for tbe Streightt of
Le Mairci I7. Their 'Pa/fage through that Streight. 18. Obfervations on that Coaft. 1 9. An Ac-
count of the f cna ikl Fucgo, and in Inhabitants. 20. Their Pa/fage into the South Sea. 11. Arrival
at the lilanJscf ]\.\A\\ l-Vnianilcz. 22. Dejcription of thofe IJlands. aj. Difpofttion made for attack,
in^ //><•' Spaniards. a+. Several Attempts made on the Port of Calao dc Lima. jf. Reafons why tloje
Attempts mi/carried. 26. Other fruit lefs Attempts. 27. Death of tbe Admiral Jaqucs Ic Hcrmitc.
jK. Tbe\ endeavour to treat ivitb the Spaniards. 27. On the Refufal of the Spniflii Viceroy to ranjom
their Pri/bncrs, they hang tlum up at tbe Yards arm. 30. Several Dijputes ivitb the Spaniard',
^i. Tbe Town r>f Cu.n.iqnil taken by a Detachment from the Fleet. 32. They fail from tbe Jfland of
Lima. 33. Make a Iruitle/s Attempt uprnVmw, uhicb at ln/l they burn. 34.. Sail from thence for
Atapulco. 35. Proiecute their Voyage jrom that Port to the L.ul Indies. 3^). Arrive at Guan, One of
//v Ladrones. 37. Proceed ihenee to Ti:TnMe. 38. The Fleet /'cpara/es a f lliUv'u. yj, Ihe Admiral
dies in hit PaJ/a^e Home, and hi f Ship arrives in the Tcxel, January 21. 1626,

T was obC lA'cd very early, by the hcii Politicians
in the Umlfd Pro-.inccs, tliai the moll cffcdiu!
Mcthotl L.f d.ftrefliiig his Catholi< MajeHy, would
be the fending a Fleet into the .South Seas theie t j take
the Ships of his Subjeds, plunder the Coalls of lu.s cxtcn-
five Dominions, demolilb the rtrongeft <if his Fortilica-
f ions, and thereby lay him i>\icn 10 the Inllilis <il future
Squadrons of fmaller Force. But it was thought ncceflary
for the .^ccomplilbment of this great I>fign, that Urgcr
Ships better manned, .iml provulcd with more .luthennc
CommilTions, than the Commanders of other privateering
Sqiudrons, (bould b: lent to execute this C'ommiiTion. It
was likewifc rcfolvcd, that this great I-'Jeet (hould not enter
the South .Seas by th-r Streights of Miigellan, hut tiirough
the new (ouml .Strciglits of Le Matrf, tS.it they nii;.;ht Ix:
fooner in a Condition to art effectually againft the Spamjb
Trade, and the Spamjb Settlements. I'ritue Maurne, of
Saffau, was then I ligh .Admiral of Holland, and at the
Head of ll»e Admiiiillration 1 ami he lonairred very hear-
tily in this nefign, adv.mcing a tonlidcrabic Sum of Mo-
ney towanU it hiinJeli, ami aJfonimg it ail the Countenaiiee
aiul Fncouragement that was in hts Power. In the Au-
tumn, therefore, of ihc Year 1622. a final Kefblution was
taken by the St.it^s General, ;uul their StaJtholder I'rincc
Matirice, to [ut this imj^ortant Dcfign in l-.\ecution, by
fitting out a ilcTt, corliltm; of no Icis than I'leven Ships
of War, Ixfik-^ fiul'.er \'c iFels i .md the ireceflary In-
flmc'tumb for-this Pnqn^lr were "^iven to the leveial Admi-
ralnes of JloI.'anJ, ami the hiifl India Company, who ap
pointed the following Coin'nitTioners to have ila Care of
aiming and ixjuippinj^ Uvit 1 i-rt, vtz. Hugo Muis Vin
Ihly, .ilhert 'Jotuhmi,a\u\ .IhraLim Brumn^b \

2. By the Care aiui Indullry uf thcfe wortliy Gcntlc-
m-n, all the iice'.flary Preparations were forwarded with
fueh Vigour and Dilig-ice, that, by the Spring of the
Year 1 02 J. the Meet was in a Condition to fail. The
principal Offiters were then .ippjintctS, and ihc Pi rfon
made CIuiicc of for AdniTji w.is 'Jnqun le Ihrmtte, an
able and aeomi[ liihui Sc.iman, who had been ic>n[', in (he
ScrvK e ol t!ie t^ij'i hdia Conij a^iy, was acculbime.! to an
extcniive Command, and h.id gji.e through the llanifhips
and l-at^gucs of I'evcr.il loir; \'oyag.s. Tl.eir Vicc-aii-
miral was llu^o Schapenham, a Man ot a I'weet DifjAilition,
and generally ellecmed eqna', 111 point of Prudence and Ca
pacity, to til'- gre.it Tnilt ti..it w.i. rep<ji>d 111 hini. The
Siiips fitted out by the .Admiuhy ul Ji.jUrJtim were, 1.

• 'n»;» c.tiouj .'-r.J nipur;..!.; \o', i.». wLitli it to utkn nitnt&u.vl

The JmfitrJam, as Admiral, a Ship of 800 Ton, carrjin^
:.^j Men, commanded by Captain Lttndtrs Jaccbfen Stolk,
having for Suj>errargo Pilcr Ifely, Engtlbtrt SclMiitt com
mandcd tJu Soliiiers on board, Frederic van Reneyj^om
hell t.he Poft of Fifcal or Judge-advocate, John van fVal
btck was I-^ngineer of the Fleet, and JufiiH van I'oteldtir
I'.ngincer extraordinary , (he carried Twenty Brals, and
Twenty-two Iron Cannon. 2. The Dtlfl, as Vice-ad-
miral, of the like Bunlcn of 800 Ton, carrying 242 Men,
her CommanilcT Captain Corntlius de IVille, her Force
Twenty Brafs, and 1 wenty Iron Cannon, j. The Eagli, ot
the Burden of 400 Ton, carrying 144 Men, commanded
by Captain Meyderi Egbert ftn ^ her Force Twelve Brafi,
and Sixteen Iron Cannon. 4. A Yacht, called the Grej-
hound, of the Burden of Sixty Ton, commanded by Cap-
tain So'omcH IVillemfcH, carrying Twenty Men, antl Four
Pieces ot Brals Cannon , The Admiralty of Zeland equipjieil
lor this Fj(j)cdition, 1. The Orange, of the Burden ot
700 Ton, carrying 216 Men, having on board the Rear-
admiral John li'iJliam Vcrjcboer, and under him was Ca(>
tain Laurence "John i^irynen. i he Admiralty of Iloluind
fitted out: 1. Ihc Holland, of the Bunlen of 600 Ton,
carrying 182 Men, having on bitttd Cornelsus JacohjoK,
Coiinfel'or to tlicir .Adnural, but co.mmandcd immediately
by Captain .Idnan Toil -, htr Force confilled of 'ien Pieces
of Brafs, and l"weiity of Iron C«,inon. 2. The Miutruc,
ot the Burden of 3(0 1 ons, carryir.g 1C9 Men, com-
manded by Captain fames Mrianfon, having Twelve Bral.s
and Twenty Iron Cannon. ?. The Hcpe, of the Burden
of 2(10 Ton, carryii'g Fighty Men, conmaikled by Cap-
tain Peter Hermanfm Slobl/e, having Fourteen Iron Cannon.
The .Adniiraliy of Norih ILllandkws. forth, 1 . 'The Concord,
ol till Burden ol (mhj Ton, carrying 170 Men, commandeil
by Captain John i'sbrandl* •, her Force conlifl-d ot Figliteen
Brals, and Fourteen Iron Cannon. 2. The King DavtJ,
o! the Burden of ^60 Ton, carrying Stventy-nine Men,
comnianded l^y Ca] rain Jcbn Ihomafon, carrying Sixtec:i
Pieces of Brais Caiiiu-n. 3. 'The Gnjfin, of the Burden
ot {2o 'Ton, carrying -Seventy-eight Men, comniandol
hy Captain I'eur Coinelifon Hurdloop, having iourtcen
Pities of Iron Cannon. 'Tlie whole Toice of this Fleet cor.
fillid in Flevin Sail of flout Ships, cariying 16^7 Men,
of whiiii Gvu Wire legoLr 'Troops, divided into I-ivc
(. (;iiipaniis, conlilling lA 120 Men each, and can/ini;
29.V Puces ol Br.ifs and lion Cannon. 'The lu'Jl lo.i'-i
Company coiuiiLuted laigely to the Fxpencu, thiiUgh 1:

111 (he Dki.li a.ii Sf'inijh ll.lloiif, jj'jKjfi hue lui tUc fuil liint ..

1:0c;.

Chap. 1.

j AQ^U E S L

fe h

H R M I T K.

emu, tti(HiL;:i

^l the I'll it lilllc

«l6es not appear, that they cauippcd any Ships. This Fleet
Iras by far the mod conliderablc that had been hitherto
fcnt againil the Spaniards in the IVift Indie}.

3. We muft obfcrvt, in order to the pcrfcft undcr-
ftanding the Hiftory of this remarkable Voyage, the molt
important by far that ever was undertaken into thofe Farts
by the Dulib^ that the Government of Holland differed
much from what it was before, or what it has been finccj
being in faft rather a Monarchy than a Republic, the
Prince of Orange doing all, but in the Name ot the States ;
tlic excaitive Power, rndcr cololir of Ncccffity, ami
upon Pretence of uking care of the Pubhc, having ufurpcd
the Sovereignty. The Reader may very well wonder at
feeing fuch an Introdudion as this to a Voyage round the
World ; but the NeccfTity of the Thing muft cxcufe it.
Moll of the Captains, and other Officers, Hood indebted
for their CommilTions to Court Pavour ; Prince Maurice, a
Lanil Ailmiral, granted them } and he hail in View in this,
as well as in other Things, the eftablilhing his own Power,
as well as ferving the State. There is a certain Rugged-
nefs in the Difpfitions of Men, who are btft I'uited to go
through the Difficulties of fuch Commands, which, at the
fame lime, renders them very unfit for making their Court
to tlu' great Men who bellow them, ifptcially if tliolL-
great Mm have arriveil at their Stations by Birth, Intcrell,
«)r Intrigues, inftead of Service. For it is with rcfpcCl to
SeaArtmrs, the fame as vith regard to other Affairs, no
Man, who is not liiinfcif vcrled in them, can pretend to
know how far another umlerftands them •, and hcticc it Irc-
quently happens, that, without any ill Intention towards the
Public, Commands are btllowtd in fucii a manner, as turn
greatly to the public Pnjiidice. Theli: HcHrttions, which
lie in a very narrow Coinpafs, will liivi; the Reader, as well
as niylelf, a great de.d ot Trouble, bccaufe they will en
able him, without my Affillanc c, to account for molt of
the untoward Accidents which happened in, and proved
tin- Ov^Tthrow of this Ivxpeilition. It may not be amii's,
hkcwil'e, to obli-rve, that I do not make thtfe Remarks of
my own Head, but on the Authority of the famous John
de iniif, the molt celebrated Statefinan, the molt accu-
rate Writer ot the Nation, whom they concern ; ami I
have thrown them into a feparate Paragraph, that they
might not interfere with a Relation, in which I keep not
only to the Scnfe, but ufe die very Words of the original
Hiltorian of this Voyage, to which we may now lately
procttd.

4. Ihe Ntifftiu Meet, as it was called, failed from the
Coeree on. /pril 29. 162^ confifting of the Admiral, Nine
Ships, .uid the Yacht. In the Evening, on the 30th, they
were informed, that the Kagle had fpmng a Leak-, iuid
that, in a very few Hours time, they had pumjK-d jooo
Barrels of Water; About the fame time, the Orange,
which was the Rear-admiral, joined thetn. On Afay i.
it was refbheil in Council to put into the Ijle of fVigbt, m
onler, it poffible, to Hop the Leak in the Eagle. The
Hope and the Orange running t'oul of each other, the for-
mer had her Bowlpnt very much damaged, and the Mi-
/.en-m.ift ot the latter came by the Board. In the Af-
ternoon, the whole Fleet anchored at Porlfmoulb, except
the Hopi, the Captain of which, out ot pure Vanity,
would needs take a Courfe ililferent from that of the
retl ot the I'ieet, in conle(]ueiHe of which, he run alhore,
and W.IS in great Danger of ixTifliing i but the Vice-ad-
miral gong 111 Perfori with all the .shallops of the Fleet to
lu-r AflilLvnte, and taking out the (uins, lightened the Ship
fo, that fhe gi,i off, and the Night following joined the
Meet. May 2. they aiuhoreil under Caww Caltle j there
fluy haled the Eagle on Ihore, and fouml the Leak to
be owing intirely to bad Management in Building, fuch
Spares Ixing kit lietween the .Seams, thit a Knife might
h.ive enteri'd. Halt and all : By the ()th, llie was Ik to put
to S< a : On the 8tli, tiiey tailed from the IJle oftFighl ; but,
the Wind dying away, they were tbrced to anchor with-
out the Needles, in order to w.iit for the Orange and the
(irtybounJ, the Utter of which joined them on the 9th,
and the former on the 4th.

r,. In the Night between the 1 5th and 14th, the Admi-
ral having given Orders tor tiring a Cjun, .is a Signal tor
failing ; by fomc Accident or other in the charging, it

burft, blew up part of both I\ck% demoiiffied all the Ca-
bins that were near it, and lint Numbers ot the ScamcnS
Chelts into the Air. It w«* a ruinncr's Mate who fired it,
and who was lb hicky as to clcapi; without the kaft Hurt -,
but another of the (iuniieiN Crew, who w.ts near him,
had his Arm broke in Two i'JACCs, mid died foon after.
The 2gth, they wcro in t\w Latitude of 40 40', and the
fame Day the Atlmiral gave OrUefs, that the Ships fhould
extend thcmfelvcs, but lo us not to lofe Si^ht of him, in
order, if noUlblc, to nutt with the i'late Fleet, hut were
every Night to return to llie I'l.ig. On the 3otli, it w.i«
refolved in Council to keej) ai near ai^ pollible tiic SpaniJIi
Coalts, in onler to take limic Pri/cs, that they might be
the better informed as to the Situation of Things, when
that Plate Heet w.is expef led, and what Coiirfc it was like
to hold, that they might regulate their own Proceedings
accordingly.

6. On the 3 1 It, they fpokc with Three turkijh Corfairs,
who informed them, that they had been challd by Six
Spanijh Men of War oil' Cape ^V. Vimcnt. In the Even-
ing they fpoke with 'I'wo oihi r Corfairs, of which One
was fo far engage il in t\\r Dutch Meet, that the Cswari
obliged her to bring to, uiul the Ciipt.iiii of her was or-
dered on board the Admu'ul, On June i. the fjme Cap-
tain returned, ami ile nunded Irom the Admiral the Re-
ftitution of Five Slave^, whit h he faul were carried off by
the Vice-admiral's Shallop, when he boarded him ; allliring
him, at tiie fame time, that he hail purchafed tlicfe Slaves
sA Algiers: But when this Matter eame to be examined,
and the Five .Slaves wire pio'hueil, they proved to be
honcfl Dutch Sailors, who aliened, thai tiierc we;c others
likewife on board the lame Siiip, that had been taken on
Iward Merchantmen houiul lor the Levant. As, in con-
fequence of the 'I'reuties liibriltiiig between the States Ge-
neral and the Regency of .llgiers, thcfc Slaves ought to
have been let at Lilvrty, they lent tiir the rcfl from on
Ixiaril riie Ship, .mil rli.iiged tlie Captain with a Letter to
the Dutch Conliil at llgicn^ but fie could not be per*
fuatled to think thii a ualoiiable F'.quivalent for fo many
able Seamen, wIik li, however, he w.is obliged to part with,
and they were enteretl on Iniartl feVeral Ships, and were al-
lowed prtfent Pay. On the 14th, at Break of Day, they
chafed Ten Sail of Stiipii, with armed Shallops, ot which
they took Four, Three o| them fmall Barks, and the other
a little Ship. On boanl thiit laft, there were fome Prifon-
ers of Dillintflion \ amonglt the relt a Prielt, and a Spanijh
Nobleman, whole Name was Angttjiino Ofir'to. This htde
Squadron washomewartl-bounil from Eernambiico, laden with
Sugar i where they took ill the Spanijh Nobleman, who
had relidcd long at Peru, anil who had travelleil by Land
to Buenos jlyres, in order to meet with tiiis Paffage Home.
On the 7th, while they wrrc chafing a furkijh Corfair,
the Prizes lay a little behind, whicii being perceived by
another Corfair, lie iitiempleil to carry them off; and had
certainly done it, if ilie \ iie-mlmiral, perceiving his De-
lif_'n in time, hail not bore down upon them immediately.
The Corfair had, .it that lime, a Chriflian Slave at the
Helm, who took his Opj'iiriunity to run the Ship onboard
the Dutch Vice-admiral, iiitti which liimfelf, and many of
the Slaves, leajied as lixtn as they could. Ft fb happened,
that the Captain ot the Corfair was a Dufcb Renegatio,
whofe Name was Henry Herman/en, a Native of Encbuyfen^
who followed them iiwickly, and demanded that they
fliould be retloietl ; Hut the Vice-admir.d, inlte.id of lillen-
ing tohis Reqiiell, txpollulatnl with him on the Folly of
ilelerting Ins Country and Religion \ and this had fuch an
Effect, "that he tent fur all that belonged to him from on
board the I'rivateer, and agrrni to go along with the Fleet,
whici; gave no fmall I'lualinefJi to the 'i'uiks, who, by
this means, loll Seventtrii good Men, and their Captain. _

7. On the h'th, a Council was called on the Report of
this Captain, that there were no lefs than Timty Spamjh
Men ot War in thole Seas. In this Cmiiu li it was tliongly
argued, that, as their Shij's were ileep Lulen, lo that it was
impoffible to make any ('li' of the lower Tire of (iuns,
without removing iiumy Thingn that were nect Hary lor the
Voyage, which mull be likewili griMtly recinled, in cafe
they renwiiud longer upon that Ciull, a Keliihition was
thereupon taken to be.ir .iway iiiiniediately tur the Road

Ha/ia,

7/jc VOYAGES of

Book I.

'1 r:

, ft

t'J.i/Lj, whrrr there Wf re fcvcial Duuh Ships in onlcr to
put un Ixj.ini th> m the Mcrchamhzc taken in t!u- I'nzis,
th.it it miglit be immciiiattly traiiriHirtai to Heilaitd. On
the 12th, they cnic to an Anchor in th.it Kcu.i, whtrc
ihcy found th.- Ovtryjfel, a Huuh M;in of NN'.ir, ar.d Iliric
other N'lflt Is of til;- lame Nation, .njui Two uthtr Ships
One hnglijh, ami One Irntib. I'lic Capum (ami- on
Iwaril tlic Ai!nural tlir next Day, and intornird h;ni, tliat
his Ship's Company liad mutinid, aiul had deprived him
of his toinnund. I he Admiral immediately onkred the
Authon of this niftmhince to be put in lions on board
his Ship, iliriCtiiip, at the lanic time, the (.)vtryjfj to
tike the IkII I'art of the Sugar on board, and to prepare
for her Return to UcllaiU. It was nfoived ai'.o to fnd
b.iik with her the Yaiht c.illcd the CiralcuiiJ, on account
ot lur heavy Ikihng, and to ktxp the little J/>j»//2) Ship in
licr ftc.id, on Uurd whii h \\\rr put the C.a|-uin ot the
Yacht, aiiil l.is Crew. Ihty likcwilc refolvcd to keep an-
f)ther of the ^■■/>.J'»<;i!»\'c(ri,]s,bcciufc flic was new, well built,
•ind a good Sailor, and Ixeaufe they were but inditferauly
provided with Yachts. OnthciSili, the I'rifoners trom
on 1-oard tlu- Overyjjd were examined -, and, the Captain
li.ivmg defiled Seven Offxcrs of tl.e Hect to afTilt hini,
they s^ere broiiglit to their 'I'rials on die 2 ill, when I-'our,
who were fully proved to have formed a Ptfign ol running
away with tlu- Ship, were hanged at the YarU's-arni •, and
Three more, who were deep in the Mutiny, but not the
Authors of IV, w.rc tirfl Keclhawled, m\<.\ th(n put on
K>arvi |he I'lcet to fervc without Wages. To l(>eak the
Tauli, ho-vfver, one great Caufe ol this Milehiit wa^,
the Caj tain's not knowing well how to r.-.a;nta;n h.s Au-
thority. On the :4th, the Fleet tailed out ot S.if.a Hay,
confillnig now of Sixteen Sail ; and, in tJie Evening, the
Qvmjftl, the (ir.yicuH,!, and the I'wo Baiks, ijuittcd tlie
rcrt, in order to return t.i Ililiund.

8. On July •;. tlie Meer .mehoreel in the Road of St.
I'lHiful, which IS extremely fafe and comnKKJious -, .ind, as
it Wis Well k'lown, that die rainy Scaibr would not com-
mcnct there in a Moadi, ami that it ;drea(iy began to rain
at i/iTTJ l^iM, it was refolvcd to difarm the Ships here,
and to do every tiling diat was intcneled to l)e done there,
cicept taking in Water, which could not be done, bet aule
the Hoops ot t'leir Water-cafts were ImuI, and there wa.s
no Wood in that Nt ighbourhtxKl to repair them, l he
Rear-aelmiral waj. thereup.m ordered tog- > to the illand ot
Si. .Inlome with I'hrre Shallops, and to carry with him
Ibme ol the Portu^uefe Pnlbncrs, to try, if jwdiblc, to
oUain Lxive to gather lemons and Oranges by tair means,
fiiKc othrrwife tliey mull be taken by toul. It was alfo
rtlolvrtl, that all the fitk Men |}i( uld goon (hore, and the
Two Companies flioukl Ix- left there as a (iuar i, and Ix-
reguLuly relieved or.cc a Week-, they hkewiieiiuga Well
on Shore, which foon furniOied them with go-xl Water.
On the 7th, the Rear-admiral rcturrt.d fnim 0/. .tutcnio,
and rcioru-d, tlut h- had Ixen very well received by the
Nrgrots, who ihewed liim vail Quantities of Oran;^e.s and
Lemon', togetlierwitli I-'ig trees, the 1-ruit of whu h were
r,oi ri|x-, 1 h(y hkcwife put into his I lands P'our Letters,
the iail ol will h was date d Irom on beard the l^yiUu, all
certifyui'^, th-.t the Duuh Ships, which at any time put
in there, had lx<n received wed. On the yth, dure was
a Sermon preaihed in the lOaml of St. V:nceni. They
xook ih re every N.^hr a great Numlxr ot Torioifcs, and
as much I illi as tiny loukl tell wlut to do with , but they
lound it diifii nil to get any Cioats ai lirft ; but by degrees
tliiy grew Ixtier atquaiiiied with the maniiirot hunting
diem, and every .Ship got at leall Ijttecn or Sixteen in
a Day lor the Ule ot d.c Comjany. On the 2 id, the
Vice. admiral embarked on board ihe new Yaiht, winch
was now eaJicii tlic drnUuHiI, taking with him Two aimed
Shal/'ops, and all t!ic r.ii'oners, cxcejt the .^/dw/A Count
(Jj'onii ; thele tiicy liudtd on the llland, giving them their
l..ibuty, .ind allowing each M.m Twelve Heals, that is,
about .m httgiijb Crow-n, for hts SulifillciKc. There they
Uipijlittl thtmfelvev \v.(h about 2 2, oco Oranges, and left
A Letter with the Ncgrw-s, in the nature ot a Certitieate
of tlieir gixxl Ikliaviuur. On July 2;. tiuy lailetl from
Uttle Iliands, ill ordci to piwlccutc dieir Voyajje,

9. The Illaiuls of St. I'laant, and St. Aiiloiuo, ire
fituated die farthefl to the Weft ol all the liLiiuU of iIk:
Cape (/(" l'frJ\ they tie trom 16" ^o' to 18' Noidi Ijii-
tuile, at the Dillaiicc ot about l wo League from caili
other. I'ht B;iy of St. ymcent, where they 4i-*1m)u,I,
lies in tC ;-,6 •. they lain J i.S, 20, luul 25 Fath'^in

Water, the IJottom Ixing a ftrm Sand, llie llland u
St. I'imtnt is reeky, liarrtn, and luuultivattd, having vuy
little frclh Water. I'hey found, however, a Imall Sprint;,
which might luve fervcd Two or liiree Ships-, but, by
digging Wells, tluy obtained plenty of Water, wIikIi
they thought tolerable, thoiioh it was Ibmcwhat braikilli,
to which they attrilxited die blixxly !• lyx, iJwt began I' i^jii
alter to reign m their licit. The (M)at.'. tlicrc arc very fit,
ami the bell-t.ifted in the Worlil. The Tortoifes iljey t.i ik
were Iron IWo to Three I'cct l<mg, and they might
them as du-y came adiorc to lay their b'.ggs, which tky
cover with Sand, ;uul then leave tlnm to be iutchid by
the Sun. ihe Se.ilbn of their laymg is fioni /%//// to
lebrui:ry \ all the reil of the Y'ear they reiii.un in the .S<.a.
TIic Sailors «lleemed diem a wholtimc ajul plealant Touvl,
tailing rativ.r like Meih tlvm T'l'h. This llland Ls ablo-
hitvly defert, but once a Year the Inliol it^nu at St, l.ucta
come thiiher, ui order to catih loitoifc$ for their OJ,
as alio to hunt (»■..::, ,vt tlic fiki of their Skins, wluen
tluy line! to T''.!/,;.//, and the T'lcflithcy carry to 6'/. Ugj,
wlkf it IS failed, dried, and exported to Brn/ii. 'Tiiere
are m. iruit-trn, in this llland, except a few wild l'ig%
which grow 'n the very I kart of it •, and the only Proil-Jet
ot tht- lilani!, Ix fides, is Coloqiiintida, which is a very-
rough I'lirge. 'The Country is cxecllively dry, txceptir.n;
the r.iiny Seafon, which Ik-gms m .iugttft, and enels 111
I'ebruary, though not very regularly. i he Itland ot .'■/.
.■fmcmo is inlialiited by Negrtx-», to the Number of about
500, Men, Women, and Children •, they live there as w;il
as in the odier lll.mds, chiefly ujxjn their Goats. There
is a httle C otton, and but a little. On the Sca-fidc there
is avail Plantation of Oranges and Ixmoas, v^here tii y
cangadier 50,oi.h) in a .Seafon. The N'tgrrx'S veiy reai.ily
trucked them tor Mercery (ioods i they law neitlu:r Hog,
Sheep, or Towl, u\Mm tlu; llland. On the 4th of /tui^ii/i,
tli:y fouml tlunifelvesin 1 1° 30' of l^ttitude, tlu- Wind at
.South weft. 1 hey endurt-d, from the Time they laikJ
from die llland ot St. yiwent, continual Rain -, the Incor.-
veniencies anting Ironi which, joined to the tilccls ot t!i-
had Water they dr.uik there, ex:ialioiu-d an epidcii.,:
Dilordcr, whiel! earned olf abiind.uxe of People.

10. On the iH, they law the high Coall of 6i«Tj
Lfsna , and, on the l-.ievcnth, they .iiKtiored in the Road .
ami the Viee admiral wentafhore in ortler to hnd a pro^M
Watcringplaie, ami where they might h.ile the (irnbcua.i
on Ihore, to Hop h<rl.t-ak. When Ik- came b.Kk, iie
broughr widi him tome Negroes, wlu> tlclired to fer what
Snips they weie tlut lay in their Road, Ir.iving Fart of lis
Crew .IS Hollages On tlic 1 {th, the Negroes infillmi.',
on a I'refcnt betore t.; y wouKi fuifer .my to go on Ihore,
the Aelmiral 1< nt Two tius of Inm, Two Pieces ot Clo'.ii,
and a f; w KiW unds, to tm K iiig's Ikotlicr, and to the C .t;
tain ol the 'Town, with which tluy were very well content.
J he next Day they came on N)aril, to make a Vifit to the
Admiral, to whom they prefcntcd an TJcphant's T<x»t:i,
and foine I-owls, tor whith fhty w re anipiy recompeiila^
'The King's Brtitli' r h.ui on a omt of (Irijied Cloth, made
alter the Duitv l-alliioii, with blue Breeches, and t'carla
Slip|xrs-, as tor the Captain, he w.is dn iVed alter du or-
dinary Talhion ot thi Counti-y, and leenuvl to be a Man
who lud his Reputation much at I leart. The 15th, tome
ot the Crew <,f the Vic( uimiral touml fome Nuts atliore
that very nunh ritembled Nutmegs, only the Kerrais
were fomewh.st bigger i they ear them, and, asthtyiiada
hiiel'.db, mult pretty trie with them-, hut tluy lul
l(:aree got on Ixjard, lnt(jrc one ot them dropt down d..vJ
ujxjii the Dtek ; and, before he was throughly coi.>,
purple S|x>ts aptK.ireil all over him -, but, by tiu
taking of proper .\ledirines, liie reft eliapcd. On 'ii-
25th of Au^ujl, th' Miiunce lud like to have bein loll
through C.irilifli'iK ■, t.ir, hiving carei-iud lur, tluy le:
got to ihul die Siiipp.T-lioles -, and, by diis means, Ih

luJ

rng, lx)th the

IhavinR .iirillc

Chap. L

A Q.U E S L E H £ R M 1 1 E.

<Jp

haul Eiglit Foot Water in her I lolil before it was per-
iilvfd. On the 1 8th, the Captain ot' that Ship died, as
tliil alfo the Ckric and Suix-rcargo of the /Imfterdam. The
Tiiric Seamen tliat had occn punilhcd for the Mutiny in
the Overyjftl, having bcliaved very well fincc they came on
board the Fleet, were now allowed Pay.

II. On the 4th of September they weiglied Anchor from
Sierra Leonty which is a Mountain on the Continent on
the South Side of the Mouth of a River, which difchargts
itfcif into the Sea on the Welt Coaft ot Afric. The Road
111 which Ships iifually andior, lies in the Latitude of 8'
20 North. 1 liis Mountain is very high and thick,
covered with Trees, by which means it is ealily known by
fuch as approach it from the Norili, there being no
Mountain ot the like Height upon that Coaft. There
grow here a prodigious Numlx:r ot Trees, that produce a
finall kind of Lemons, rcfcmbling thofc of Spain in Shape
and Tatle •, thty are called Liniaflls, and ait very agree-
able and wholtbme, if not eaten to Lxcefs. But this Fleet
arriving at the Time they were in I'erfedion, and the
Inhaliiunts giving them Leave to take as many as they
pieafed, they cat of them to intemperately, anci, in Con-
junction with tlic bad Air, they increafed the Bloody-flux
to fuch a Degree, that, lietween the nth oi Auguft, and
the 5th of Seplemhery they loft Forty Men. There are
olfo at Sterra Ltona abundance of Palm-trees, and fome
Ananas, plenty of all torts of Wood, and a Watering-
place exceedingly convenient oppofite to the Road. On
the RcK'ks they found the Name of Francis Drake, and
other EngUJknun, who had been there.

II. Oil the 4th, the /Ulmiral fell fick. From the nth

to the 2!Jth, tliey failed with a South Wind ; and, though

it is looked upon as certain, that there are ftrong Currents

in the Gulph oi (/«/«0'> V"^' ^^'^f were not fenfiblc of them,

but lound every Day's Run agree jierfefily well with their

C harts. On tiic 29th, they tbuiid tliemfelves off the Itlandof

yt.Tlomas; and, on tlic ift oi Oiloter, they anchored

in the Road of Cape Lopes ; but, as they found the Water

[tlure very thick, (linkiii|i;, and but a fmall Quantity, they

Jrdolved to fail to the liland of .Innobon -, but the Wind,

[proving contrary, drove tlum b-ick, fo that they had

[ nukh ado to recover the C.ipc. On the 4th in the F.ven-

ling, l»tli the Adminil and Vice-admiral ftruck on a Bank

lt)t Sand, which occafioned a great deal of Trouble and

iCont'ufion in the Fleet; but, however, with great Care

[and Indulry, both Siiips were got otf. The Admiral

Ihavinp; .iTiiled in Perlbn in the Shallops tliat were em-

1 ployed tor this Puipofe, the better to encourage the Sea-

fincn, and kcCp every Man to his Duty, it brought upon

lliim a Relapfc, which he never recovered. On the 6th,

Btlu Meet endeavoured to regain the Road of Cape Lopes,

fniiie of the Saiion having airured their Officers, that, by

!|',ing Wells on the Coall, they might tind good Water.

)n the ;th they came to an Anchor, and tint a Captain

Dn fl-.oic to put this Advice in Execution •, who, on his

"leturn, reixjrtcd to the Admiral, that he had been at the

toiiinion Watering-place, where there was now Water

lutiicicnt tor the \\ hole Fleet. Ujxjn which it was dcter-

nined to water here, but M proceed nevertlielefs to the

land of /hinohn, in order to procure other Rcfrethments

jr the Die of the fick Men, tiie Scurvy prevailing ex-

lIUvi ly ill every Ship in the Fleet.

1 ,'. A veiy (xiil AlVair tell out while they were at

|t!-chor lure, which, for its Singularity, del'erves to be

IlKiuioned. 'I'herc were abiindaiicc ot Seamen loft on

Kj.iril tile Mnur'ue, and it was obferved, that many of

lie died liion .itter they had taken the Surgeon's Mc-

piuiifs, with Circumftames very lulpicious. 'Ihe Matter

lin^ debated in Council, .iiid the Fads clearly proved,

he \ ice-ailniiral and Rear-aiiniiial were direded to fencl

• Jaines I'erger the Curgeon, and to examine him very

Potly. I'liis they accordingly did, but to very little l\ir-

alc ; for, notwitiillanding all their Exhortations to confcis,

: could not Ixr brought to f.iy a Word •, upon which they

a(i recourle to the Torture, dircfting him to be drawn

to a great Height by a Ro-jie, and then luddenly let

1, having great Weights at his I lands and I'ett ; which

not only eniluivd with Coiilhncy, but mfolently told

nil, he gave himfelf no Pain about wlwt Methwls they

N L M B. «.

thought ftt to take. This Infennbility intJuccd a Sufpicipn,
that he had fome Charm about him, which hindered his
Feeling \ upon which he was fearched, and, in a little
Bag, which hung about his Neck, they found the Skin and
Tongue of a Serpent. On the i6th, they appointed
another Fjtamination, of which, when the Criminal had
Notice by their coming to take him out of Irons, he
fprung out of the 1 lands of the Men who were ordered to
conduft him, and, though he was pinioned, threw himfelf
over the Ship-fide. A Trumpeter, who was near him,
jumped after, .and endeavoured to fave him ; but the Sur-
geon made luch ftrong FfTorts, that he had very near both
drowned himfelf, and the Trumpeter j which a Sailor ob-
ferviiig, threw himl'elf into the Sea, and kept his Head
above Water by Force, till the Shallop came and took
them all Three up. Alter this Attempt, perceiving that
he thould be too ftridly watched ever to meet with fuch
an Opportunity again, he made the following free Con-
feflian : He faid he was aNativcof the City ut'Louvaine in
I'landers, defcendid from v^/i<j«//^ Parent?, and a Licentiate
in Surgery and I'hyfic : That he had wilfully deftroyed
Seven Men, becaufe they gave him a great deal of Trou-
ble, in order to be the fooncr rid of them i that he was
rcfolved to attempt fome extraordinary Cures ; and, in
cafe lie fuccetded, to demand an Order from the Admiral
to dine at tlie Captain's Table \ which Favour if rciultd
him, he refolved to poifon the Admiral, Vice-admiral, and
every Officer that he fufpedcd being againft his Requeft ;
that he had refolved to make a Contrail with the Devil,
and, for thatPurpofe, had invoked him often, but without
F'lTed ; that, fince he had been in Irons, he had often
attempted to deftroy himfelf ; and, with this View, had
tried to fuftbcate himfelf with his Pillow! There appeared
ftrong Realbns for fufpeding him of other Crimes, but,
being fatisfied with this free Confetlion, the Council, which
aflfembled on board the Delft, on account of the Admiral's
being very weak, pafled Sentence of Death upon him on
the 1 7 th J and the next Day he had his Flead ftruck olF
on board his own Ship the A/a«m;, which put an End to
an Affair that had given the Officers of the Fleet a great
deal of Trouble.

1 4. On the 20th in the Morning, they had Sight of the
Ifland of St. Thomas -, but the Vice-admiral being fcnt to
examine whether there was a good Road, and proper Rc-
frethments :o be met with there, he, on his Return, report-
ed in the Negative ; and the Wind continuing contrary,
the Scurvy prevailing in the Fleet, and there being little
Probability of their getting to Jnnsbon, the Admiral dired-
cd a Day of f jlemn Prayer 1 and the Minifter had Inftruc-
tions to make a Difcourle fuitable to the Occafion, implore-
ing the Divine Favour towards thofe, who were fick in tiie
I'leet } the Prefervation of thofe, who were yet in Health ;
and the giving an happy Illlic to the Endeavours of the Offi-
cers to tind a projK-r Place li-r Kelrefhmcnt. They then
ftecred their Courte Weft, in order to meet with a South-
caft Wind. On the ZQtli, to their great Surprize, they
faw the Ifland vi'.htnclcn, at the Dillance of about Ten
Leagues to the South Soiith-wcft. That which nwde it
appear cxtr.iordinary, was their mifTing it when they en-
deavoured to tind it i and their tailing upon it now, when
they had quite altered their Courfe. On the icth, they
anchored in the Road of Jmobon •, and, the next Day,
Cornelius Jdcohfon and the Fifcal went on Ihorc, where they
were riceivcd with a Flag of Truce ; and the Governor
Don AiiSomo Nunez de Maios gave his Confent, that they
Ihould deal with the Natives freely tor whatever they want-
ed, take in Water, gather as many Oranges as they thought
fit, and that they thould place a Gu.ard of Soldiers at the
Watering-place, tor the Security of their Seamen ; upon this
fingle Condition, that they behaved difcreetly, and did no-
bociy any Wrong. The Shallops came on board in the
I'.vening, with Water and Oranges. On November i. tliL-y
obtained Forty Hogs, and a conliderable Quantity of Fowls,
in Exchange for Salt. On the 3d, they made the Gover-
nor a Prelent to the Value of 300 Livres -, with which he
wa.s, by no means, latistied. Befides, tome of the Dutch
Seamen had infulted the Negroes near the Watering-place,
and had taken from them their Fowls, without paying
them -, which, with fome other aggravatuigCircumftances,
T provoked

The V O Y A Ci i: S of

Book I.

that he ttis on
iml Tonic othtT

provokcil tlw Governor to furli J Dct;n'r,
the Point ot" arrefting the Vuc-admiral,
Officer}, win W( re on Ihorei Iuit, rtfltn-'lm^; tlut they came
in Confklfnce of" the IVomdV hi- h.ui made them, he (uiK-ml
them to retire ; biit tolil them widul, that they (houlil have
a tare another tinto of relying too much on the Woni of
any Officer \ for that it v«b thin in his Power tu have car-
ried thcmvip into tlic Mounrains from whence all the I'orre
of their I-leet roulii not rcfv.vii- them, even it it had been
twice as ftrong as it was. After this they p.irt>(1 civilly
on both SiiU-s. 1 o fay the Tnitli, it was a gie.it Imlikic-
tion in the \'kt:^Am\ri\CorHtlius'yaccbfon, .uui many othtr
(MTicen, to put themfclve^ thu^ in tiic Power of a Pcvta-
\*ejt Ciovernor, upon his Uirc NVonl, and tliat withotit the
(call Ncccffity. In this Cale therefore tlie DuUh Oi^cers
v.ere greatly tn hiame, and the Governor deli rvetl mm h
Commendation, for not laying hold of Pretences fo plaufihlc
to lircik hn Promift. In this Illand, a SpamaiJ, and a
rTuv*. whom they had delivered from Slavery, difertcd
them.

I ;. Th.-Firt l-.iid ot the Ifland if .^nnobcn, where the
Road and the VilUge lie, is in i' 20 Soiitli L-ititiKle.
The Ifland is about Six I,eag\ies in Cinumterrnce ; the
Land high, and tolerably gixxl, inhabited by about 150
I'amihes of Ntgi.xs, governcil by Two or Thr-.r P»r;«-
[uefe, to whom rhry an- extnmily fubmifTive. It any of
them fail in their Duty, thry are immediately fent away to
kt. Tkemas -, which i< all the I'unifliment they have to tear -,
and indeed they are m the utnioft IJrcad of it. The Illand
abounds in Bananas Anan.is, Cocoa-niir, Tamarinds, and
Sugar-ranc-s -, but what principally invites Shnw to put in here
to rclreOi, is the preat Plenty they have of Oranges. In the
Three Days the Dutch Fleet remained here, they gatiu-red
upwards oV :oO,ooo, exclufive of what the Seamen eat on
fhore ; and the (iorenwr told them, that there hail been
frveral Ships thtrc that Year, which had gathered more.
Thcfe Oranges are ot an excellent Tafte, neither too tweet,
nor too fharp, prodig.oully large, and lull of Juice -, fomc
of them weighed Three -quarters of a Pound, and tailed as
if they haci been |iertumrd. They are rij)c all the Year
round ■, Init there u a certain Si albn, m which they are
bell, and fitreft tor herpinp. That Seafon wa.s [uft when
the Dutcb were there ■, tor tlicy wtrt then inoltly too ripe,
and began to rot. They luve likcwilc Iximons in the Idand,
And, wr!. ivljxft to Cattle, they havcOxin, Cows, Goats,
and Hogs alfo in Plenty ; which the Negroes fell for Salt.
On tlie South- ral^ Part of the I'l.md there is a good Wa-
tering-nbcr -, Hn viifficutt to fiml, and commanded by a
SroiK- Bn-af^work, from whence the Negroes might do .1
great deal of Mtfchid ta any, win, rtiould attimjit to water
by Force, 'rht7 hasr alfo in .Innchon a gocnl deal of Cot
ton, which they parinr, and card, to be frnt into Portn
gel. Thf-N'.rivi-sorr treacherous, and therclure ought to
be ciunoufiy dealt w-.rh.

16. On Naxfmtfr 4. they failed from .Innehcn. On
Jankim f>. 1614. they were m the Ijtiiudc of 44"^ 40'
South, when they faw m;u-.y Sea-.-r.'-ws, and much Itertv
age flriaring on tlf Water -, whiiin they conjefluied thty
were not fir from ih? Sourlu-rn Continent. On the igth,
the Srj app-ired as red as Hlood ; whieh, they afterwards
found, procrcded frf)m an inHniti Number of fmall Shrimps
fiooting on Its .Surta'-r On the j6th, U*ing 111 the 1 ieight
ot" 51' ic , they had a ftrong Gale from the South weft, to
piercingly cold, that a fiow .Seaman, who was in Irons, had
H!s I^-gs frozen. Iliis cold W-nd lafted Twenty tour
Hour'.. On the ?.St!i, they loft Sight of rheir Bark, which
They :TV(r betu Id .i"y nvjre. There wire 1:1 it I-'jghtecn
Men, rhnx ot them Pcr'.uguffc ; and tin- Vefftl was very
indift'crrntiy vidtualled. '1 iuy were alut wards intornvd,
fh.1t t.heli poor Pujple, having, in vain, ufod their uiohjII
I-.ndeavours to joir, tl-.i- lUtt, rcloivcd to return to Hcllund;
Km , wanting' \Vatr, tht y eiit< ri d the Rio tie !a Plata, ai;d
r.iii tip, fill they found the Wat, r ire fh ; after which, tliey
rontiiiucd their Voyage, liitfen.'ig iiuretlilile latigucs, and
al! fhf^ !'.xrrrinity of Want, till they amved on the CoalV
of lytxlnnJ, where, Ijcing chafcrl iiy a Dunkirk Piivareer,
t!i<7 ran their little Vefftl afhore, and aftirwards arrived
fafi- in Ihliitnd, On I'druary i. they law I^ind at the |)i-
li.tr.<-e cif ;ibout 1-ivi: lx*aguei to the South .South weft.

which was Cajx- de PtHnas, and which iookei!, at tlut Di-
ftance, like a Range of high Mou !taiiJ»'covercd wnhSr.ow.
It was impnlTihle to know, whether the I'.ntrance of the
Strcights of U MMrt wa.s protxriy laid down iji theChJrf,
with relJHvt to its Dill.mc«* antl Ht-aring, by their Nuvigatior,
'1 he Rcalbn was, Ixvaulc the Pilots hod got into a viry ba.l
Ctrflom of fitting down half the Ship's Run when within
Sight of Ijuid, and iloubling it wla-n out at Sea, and ap
pn h;-nfive of making Land. As their Inftrui'lions reftraim !
them from toutliingon thcCoaft o\ Bra/ilxo the NortJi tl

III

Rio de la Plata, they did all they rouiil to difcover th.n
River -, hit fnon lound, that the Suutti-wdl Winds had
tlrivt-n them mix h to the Fall -, which ought to bt a Wur.-
itig to fiii-li as endeavour 10 pafs the Stielghts of le Mutre,
to fall in, as kmn as may be, widi the flr<jtf/Coafl, as the
molt likily Way to meet with Winds favourable to thur
Voyage.

17 On I-'firvans. they found thcmfelves at the Mouth
of the Streiglu •, winch thcv h.nl never fo much as fufpcfted,
if yaiemwr Jmfcn, the Pilot of the Vice-admiral, who haii
naflrd them in the Spanl/b Caravels, had not known them
by the high I^ands on the Well Coafl ; which made him
continue his Route with the Ship under his Care. Th
Mouth, however, is eafiiy diftinguilhed, becaufc theCou,,
try on the Fad, which is callid Slates Land, is mountain-
ous '"^'t withal broken, ajid viry uneven i and the Wd
Side, which r. calhtl Maurut Imm,!, has fevetal fmall rcun.'.
Hills cKifr to the Shore. When they gained the F.iitrar.a-
of tiK- Streight*, they faw Two Shijxs at Anchor in tl.-
Bay, which tiicy oitcrwartls called I'altHtine's Pay, whrr-
they h.-^d anchored, if thty had not been prcvcntcti by i
Shallop from One of the Shii>s, whicli, by Signals, nu -
them apprehend, tlut it was dangerous; tho' they .ilr r
wards found, that this was a groundlcfs AppichcnJicn.
The Author of the Voyage obfervrs that, when the Rcadc:
finds they fpetu Nine Months in failing from Holland lot.:
Mouth of the Streights, he may be led to imagine tlie \'o,
age s'try dangerous, and almoft imprai'Ucablt ; which, liov*
ever, is far from being the Truth, if it be undertaken /.
the proper Seafon of the Yi-ar -, for, as he obfcivc-s, t. •
Spamjb Caravels, which palTcd that Strclght in the Ycr
1620, did not fail from LtJheH till tlic Month of Oileh .
anil, notwithftanding they remained aconfidcrablcTiine 1.
the Ric de Janeiro, yet they entered the Strcights in ik
Montti of I'ebruary following. The Kcafon therefore tia:
this Dutch Hett wea lb lung at Sea, proceeded from tJi::
failing too early in the Year from ILliand, and palling t'^
Line at an improper Seafon. Such as would make this Pal
figc eafily ai.d ceitainly, ftiould contrive to pafs the Line n
the Knd of (Ji/ckr, or in the Beginiiifig of Nc-jember, L
rai-le then thcv may l»e morally certain of meeting with tn;
NortJi Wind between the Troj)ics ; which will very rnu:.
faiilitatc their Paflage through the Strcights ofleMciir

I S. On l-chruary 6. they had Sight ofCapc Ilcrn, \v!.,u.
then bore from them Three Leagues North North cj::.
On the nth. they were in 58* 30' South Latitude, t:
NN eather cxctfTively cold ; which rigorous Scalon the Su-
nun were the Itfs able to bear, on account (f their bein^.:
Short-allowance. On the 14th, the-/ found a great Vaiu-
tion in the Compafs ; but were not able to fettle ir, beciu.;
all the Compaftes in the Fleet differed Irom each othtr; it
which tluy were exceedingly furpril"ed. In the AtiernotP,
the Admiral Called, a Coiii.cil, to deliberate about tlieCu.-
renti, with the .\dvice of all the Pilots 1 Ihk, at the vtr.
Inftar.t that th« white flag was hoiftcd as a Signal, tl.cy
di'.iovcrtd Cape Horn about .Seven leagues to th, NVcli,
from wl-.enie it plainly appeared, that th;.- Curient. \x.
driven them llrongly to the Faft; wherea.s they iina^:^.
they lit there to the Wcfl, according to the Atcmir.t i::-
by It Moire; and all their Pilots h.id agreed, that they ^* '
then very far to the Weft of the C3.\>e. On the i6th, t
Wert in the latitude of 56* 10', CaiJC Horn \)'w^, :'
laft. They were then in Sight of Two lilands, '. ;
Fourteen cr l-ifurn I.eagues Weft of the Cape, \^.
were not lit down in the Charts. On the 17th, tli- '•
miral anchored in a l.ugc Ihy, which they named .V.-*
Hay. 0[! the iKth, they difcovcrcd another, in which :.
was VI I y good Anclwragc, with great Cunvcnicp y ■
Wooding and Watering ; J'hii tliey tailed tlie Bay ot -V'-

pensih !

Chap. I.

Jacques le Hermit l-.

ftnbam, after tiicir Vice-admiral. On (he aid, while they
were taking in Water, there iirufe a fudiicn Storm, which
obliged Tome of the Sailors to remain on Ihore ( and at the
(kmc time they (aw a Body of Savages near the Waecring-
placr, who were converfing with rhem very freely and ami-
cably. On the a 3d in the Afternoon, the Storm rufc again,
with greater Violence than before \ lb that Nineteen Men
belonging to the EagU were compelled to remain on ihore
again, not being abk to git bade to their Shallop, though
they endeavoured it all they could.

19. On the a4th, the Shallops returned to the Coafti
and, coming to tlie Watering-place, found only Two Men
alive of the Nineteen tliey had Icit there the F.vcning be*
fore. The Savages had come down upon them as Toon as
it Krcw (lark, ami had knucked Seventeen on the 1 lead
with their Slings, and wooden Clubs ; which yet was the
more eafy for them to do, fincc none ol thcfe poor Men
had any Arms : Yet none of the Scanien had otfucd the
leaft Injury or Ini'ult to tlirfe Savages. 1 Iktc were only
Five deail Bodies tgund U|X)n tlK Shore, among which were
thole of the Pilot, and Two Boys. The latter were rut into
Quaiters, and the fornur w.ii ilcangcly mangltxl •, but the
Savages had carried off ali the reft, in order, as it was fiip-
pofcd, t(j eJt dicm. Tlie Shallops, tor iIk' future, never
went afliorc without Eight or Ten SokJicrs on boird for
their Defence ; btil this I'rrcaution ww takcji a litde of the
bteft, finre none of tlicfe bnital Sava^jis appcarcil any more.
On the i-ith, the Virc-admiial wtr.t on lx)(rd the ilrty-
bound, in order to vifit the Loalt. /\t his Reiurn, he in-
formed tlie Adminl, that, going afhjre where he law
Smoke, he found l(-nieo< the Savages Hufs, and h.id an-
chorcii that Night »n a Hoaul, to which heg.we the Name
of his Ship. He alfo rr|;(jitL-d, that he li;d tound the 7err4
dil f'lugo, as It is marked in the Charts, divided into fcvc-
ral Iflands ; and that, in order to go into the South Sea, it
was not at all nccdl.iry to double Cape Horn -, but that they
might leave it on the South, and enter in on tlie Eaft, the
Bay of NaJJ'an pairing into the open Sra by the Weft of
that Cajie ; and that he ap|)rehendcd there were fiivcral Pal-
Higcs out of the Hay of Najfaii into the Streights of A£t|v/-
Uh. The gre.ueft Part ol tlie Terra del Fuego is mountain-
ous ; Init adorned witli many fine Valleys and Meadows,
watered by levcral agitx^ablc Kivulets, that ran down from
tlie Hills. Between the I (lands there arc good Roads,
where whole Fleets may anchor with Safety, and where there
IS all imaginable Corvcnit nry for Wooiiing, Watering, and
takirtj in Ball ill The Winds, that rage here more than
in any oflitr Country in ti.e World, and with a Violence
not to 1* ex;)reffed, blow conftantly from the Wclf, anil
nuy rcal(i;ial)ly be fiippoled to prf«eed troin watery Exha-
lations. .Such Ships rhenfore, as are bound W cltcriy, oupht
to avoid this Coall is much as they can polFiWy, keeping
as far :ui may be to thr .South -, and it is thereby very likely
they ni.iy riKrt with South Winils, wliieh nnill bring them
to their delired Port. I'he Inhabitants if this Country are
X- tair as any in hmrcpe, as they e included troni tlic Sight
of a young C hild ; but the grown People difguile themlelvcs
ftranj^rly, hy p.iintii)p with a nil I'.nth, according to their
fancies, ItKiie havinj^ thiir I loads, otiicrs riieir Arms, others
their Lef;s and Thigiis, reil, .uid .ill the rcll ot their B<xly
white ; and many ot thcin, from ihc 1- urehe.ul to tlie Feet,
have one Side ral, and tlie othrr whiti". They are very
llrong, rtnd wcli-propcjrtioncd, and generally iibout the
Height ot the People m Etinpe. 1 heir Hair is bi.uk,
ajid they wesir it tliick .md long, to m;ike llieni the more
frightt'ul, TItf y have very g.'o<l leetli, but !<> thin, tliat
they arc .is fii.ir,i as tJ.e tiiye ol a Knit.'. The Men go al-
together naked -, .ind thr Women have o;iiy 3 Hit ot Skin
about tlK-lr Middles-, which is very luqinilng, the .Si verity
of their Chmate Ix-ing coniidcred. Their Huts are made
of 'I'rees, in the Shaj eof 1 cms, widi a Hole at the Top,
to 1ft out the Smoke. Wifiiin tlit y are funk Two or Three
Feet under the Kaith ; and this Mould is thrown upon the
Outfidc. riicir Filhinj; t.ickle is very curious, and their
Stone H(K)ks very near the lame Shape with ours. They
.ire ditrcKiitly armed, fume havini; Bows, and Arrows ar-
titiciilly headed with Stone ; others have long Javelins,
jxiinted with Bone •, fonie apain have great wooilen Clubc;
atid lijinc Iwvc Slings, wlih Stone Knives, wliich are very

fcaip. Tbey are never without their Arms in their Hands,
bccaufe they are always at War anwngll thcmfclves \ and
it feems, that they paint tliflirintly, that they may di-
(UBOuiflb each other t, lor the Peopk, about the Illand of
TtrMltiu, were all painted black, and fo were they almut
the Baf of Sihtptnbam i whereas thofe about the Greyhound
Bay are ali painted red. Their Canoes are very fm'gular :
In order to make them, they lop the Branches off a'great
Tree, and then bark it ; the Inlide they fortify with levc-
ral Pieces of fmall WomI, and do the like on the Oiitlidc j
then they cover it with another Bark \ and lb make it both
llrong and tight. 'Ihdc Canoes are from Ten to Fourteen
and Sixteen Feet in Length, and about Two Feet broad.
Seven or Eight Men can go in them ; and they navigate
them, lo as to go as quick as our Shallop. As to their
Manners, they are rather Beafts than Men i for thty tear
human Bodies to Pieces, and eat the Elelh, raw anil bloody
as it is. There is not die leaft Spark ol Religion or Policy
to be obtrvcd amonglf them : On the contrary, they are,
ui every refpcdt, brutal •, inliimuch that, if they have Oc-
calion to mal.c Watsr, tlicy let fly againft any one that is
mar rhem, il he docs not get out of their Way. 1 hty have
no Ibrt of Knowleilge of the Ufe of our Arms, and there-
lore do not Rar them ; for they would lay their Hands on
the tdg s of the Duuhmens Swords : Yet, for all this, they
are excclTively cunning, faidilcfs, ami cruel, Ihcwing all the
Signs ot Friendlhiponc Minute, and knocking tiiole on the
Head, to whom they Ihew them, the very next. There is
no luch tiling as getting any kind of Rtficihments from
them, tho* luch are not wanting, if they would part with
them ; of which the Dutch were very well fatisfied, by fee-
ing Quantities of Cow-dung, and finding their Bow-ltrings
made of Ox-!incws : Nay, a Soldier, who went alhore
while tlie Greyhound Yacht lay at Anchor, reported to die
Vicc-admirai, that he law a large Herd of Cattle teeding
in .1 Meadow.

20. On Fiiruary 2j . the Admiral made a Signal lor fail-
insT ; and, the Wind being North, they were in hopes of
getting out of the Bay of Naffau ; but, in the Evening, they
had a Storm again from the Weft, which lafted all Night.
On March 3. at Ngon, they had an Obfervation, and found
thcml<:lves in 59^ 45 South Latitude, the Wind at North-
weft. Almoll all Navigators had been, to that time, of
Opinion, that it was cafy to go from the Streights of Lt
Main to Chili -, but that it was fcarce poflible to pafs fi-om
Chili or Peru into the North Sea by that Streighr, becaufe,
as tiicy inugined, the Soudi Wind bk:w conftantly °ui tholi:
Seas : But they found the Cafe quite othenvile, fince tho
frequent Tcmpcfts they had from the Weft and North-welf,
rendered it, beyond Comparilbn, more eafy to jwfs from
CJstli or Peru through the Streights of Le Maire into the
North Sea, than it was to reach Chili or Peru from the
North Sea through thofe Streights. On the 6th, they had
Ihll llrong Weft Winds ; which gave the Admiral infinite
Concern, bicaul'e they put it out of his Power to comply
with the Inftrudions given him by the States, which re-
quired him to liiil, as foon as he had palTed the Streights of
Le Maire, to the Ifland oi Jum Fernandez; which, while
the Well W inds continued, he could not do. Upon this,
lie called a Council, in onler to take fome Refolution as to
the proper Place of Rendezvous for the Fleet, in cafe of
l)cing ditperfcd, or of wintering, if thefc Tcmpefts from
the Weft Ihould ftill continue to rage. The Terra del Fuego
wai propofcii by fome 1 the Streights of Magellan by others;
but, all things well weighed, the Majority were of Opinion,
that it would be beft to wait Two Months for better Wea-
ther, and to employ their utiroft Endeavours to double the
Capi', and get into the South Sea. On the 8th, they were
in 61° ; on the 14th, in 58° ; and on the i8th, 19th, .and
20th, they had a fair and frefh Wind from the South-call.
The VN'eather alio became warm •, fo that, .niter ail tlu Ic
Storms and Tempcfts, they began to think they were f;ot
into another World. On the 24th, they loft Sight of the
Maurice, and the David ; to that the I'k-it conhllcd now
only of Seven Sail \ and, the fame Evening, they found
thcmfclves in 47°. On the 25th, having ftill a fair ^\ ind,
and fair Weather, they reached 45% and were dien in great
Hopes of overcoming all Difficulties.

I 21. On

1»

ne VOYAGES of

fiuuk I.

4 1. On Mv\b ifi. thryfiwthfCoallrrffiKr//, tyinn l*.aft
Jkxitheall \ in the l-.vcnmg they wrrc Init a Ixagiic trom
Shurot tlie CmH Rppciinng hifth wmI mount«lnou«. 1 1«
Ailnfirai w4» at thii 1 imc a>nrtnc<1 to hit B<x!, where, bc-
injt inlormc^l th« y were To ne«r the Coaft of Cbilt, he ex-

IH-tircil a (;re.tt DiTirc to J»,ivr put into the l'«>rt «»t CbiUf,
>ut ilcclami that hu InHruettons would not })erinit hiiti v
but, on the contrary, rrquireil that the Fleet fluiuld he
employeii in lonie A<Hi»)n of liii)>ortani'e ngainft the A/vi-
niarJi in Ptru : I'pon which, it was refolveil to procteti
imnutli-iicly for t\\c Ill.imU <»♦" Jium tirnimdfz, there to
make the Ixrt I'repaiations poffible forattaikinp the i^pimijh
Ciallcon* in tl»e P»)rt t)f /Ir.ta, in cali- thry were there, and
Id nuke themlclves MaAera of that I'lacr, from wheme
they might be able to extend their Lonquell, with the
AfiifUiKC of the Ifuinms. l)n /tfril i. Ix-tng in 3S' 10',
the Vice-admiral .jlt«> look to hu Ueif, and apjieafed tolx:
I'o nuu h worn imt with Fatigtu-, that they atnady con-
jrCturcd, tliey Ihowldlok both hfni, ami their Admiral, bctorc
liie N Oyape was condiulcd. On the 41!), aUwit Noon,
liiey had Sight of the Itlajid Juan } trmimirz, lying to the
Wed Nort!>-well, in the I -ttinide ot i^" 50 -, the Ad-
miral, tearing tlity might tall to the Northwani, (ent the
^aiht before to li-ck tor the Koati. ()n the 5th, with mirh
l)irlicuity, the NVead»cr proving alMolutily calm, the whole
Ihct ramc lafe to an Anchor in Sixty Fathom Water, in
a tini Bay, lying North-wed and South-eafl. On the 6th,
every Slitij'b Lomjany had Onlen to proviilc themfelves, ai
loon as pollibie, with as many Chi vaux dc F riie, and I'ali-
fadts, as ihiy could \ and tlic V icc-ad miral, being g' own fome-
wlui Utter, vilitrd all the Artillery of the I Icrt. In the
Evening the (injjxn came in, which they liad not fccn fince
tlie (irci nvi ol hthruan ■ This VcHcl had been in the 1 leight
of 6o% witlKHit ever having a Sight of Capt Hern. 'Ihe
Captain ileclored there was late Anchorage in I alenlttK Boy
for a whole llccti and that the contrary Intdligence, given
to the Admiral by the ShoUop of the On/(l•^ w.is againll
hii Confcnt. On the ;th, the Orange arnvtd alio at the
Rendezvous, having, m her I'alTage, twice lircn the South-
ern Continent, Viz. once in 50, and again in 41". On
the Sth, Five ot the Seamen belonging to the Helltind,
Ix-ing convKtal of breaking into the Hold, and Healing
thence levcrai Barrels ot Wine, weir, fur that Offence,
condemned to be hanged. Ihc Two next Days were
f( tnt in cutting WockI, and in dif[x)fing all Things on
board each Ship tor ihe inttixled Attack ujion the 6"/j-
niard.'. In the F^enmg of the loth, the Admiral w.is
prevailed on to pardon the condemned Sailors, On the
I ith, the Davt:i came in, and brougiit Advice aifoot the
ALiurue, Ixjth luvmg been Five or Six Dayslxating alxiut
the Illand, but had been hinderrd t;ym getting in by con-
trary Winds. On the 1 jth, 111 i)ic Alicrnoon, all I hings
being rcaiiy, they tailed.

22. The mutl IjllcTly of the Two Iflands of Juan I'er-
nautUz, which is alto the biggdl, lies in ^j' 40, South
IjUitude, about Seventy I^aj^uis Well from the Coalf of
ChtU. i'hc Spaniards call tiv: former commonly IJla dt
Titrra, tiic latter Ijh dt Fuerti. Mus more F.alhrn Illand,
where the .V.jj;j« f-itet aiuhortd, is aixiut Six leagues in
Circuit, andextinds Irum F-oll to Weft jhuMi Two l>eagues
ami an halt. 'Iht- Road is on the N. F.. and from thence
there is a very dthgiittul l'rol^>cCt of beautiful \' alleys co-
vered witii Clover. 'Ihe Bottom cf the Bay 1$ citlier
rocky, or a fine black Sand. There is very gootl and late
Anchorage here, in about Thirty or 1 hinytour Fathom
Water. 1 here cannot better Water lie wilhed for, than
w to be met with here -, and cxcellrnt Fithing in the Bay
of various kinds. There arc iiia:-.y ThoutaiuU of Sea
iJons, an.'. Se-is, tliat con>c daily out of the Water to fun
themfilvt-. on Ihore, ot which the Seamen killed. Numl)er<i,
not t(,r itxjd only, but lur Divtrfion : Many of the Duiih-
mfH i'd:\!'<.- i\, that the Flclh of tliete Creatures talUd hke
Meat twice roalled or Ixiiied ; others were very will fatil-
fied with them, .undrvtn affiriiKd, tliat their llclli, when
their Gnri'Je and 1 allow wu^ taken <jut, talUd as well as
Mutton. Goats ihnc are in gre.it NumUrs, but very
lurd to be taken ; and they are not cither lb tat, or well-
taltfi!, as tlii-l'e ot St. hmeitt. 1 hey lound abundance of
Polm-irtcs Witliin l^aiid, and, near the Bay, Thrtc large

Quince-trees, the Iruit of which was vcTy refirlliiim.
Other Wo«xl, for I'fe and Firing, tiicy fcximi jultnty i Init
met, however, with none that was fit for MaAi. Tin re
were formerly Ten or i'wrlve Indtani ronf>antly heir, fur
the Sake of Fifhing, and making Oil of the Seals and .S<.i
L.ions, but at this Time it was (luite uninhabited. 1 hrre
Soldiers, and Three Gunner*, belonging to tlic Vire-ailnii
ral, were, by this time, lb lick of the Voyage, that they
demanded Ixavc (o lUy here, and obtained it.

1^. From the nth to tk* ltd, they had a conllonc
South Wind : The Variation of the Needle here was lounJ
to he One Degire and an half, and Two Degrees, towards
the VjA. As It was imp«>fnblc to know how foon they
might tie obliged to fight, the neceAry Inllru^ions wrr.:
dillributcd to all the Captains, and the Fleet was diretftcd
to tail lor the future in Three Divifions : The firft was
comiwlal of the .hufttrdaitt, as Admiral, the HolLiml, tk
Eaj^lty and tlie lirijfm : 1 Ik li-cotKl ot the Dtift, as V'he-
admiral, the CcHtord, the David, and the Yacht : Thi:
third under the Orange, as Kcar-admiral, with the Mmrue,
and the Hop*. On Miiy H. being near the Coatl of /V»,
they t(N>k a Spanijb Hark, in which, bcfidrs the Ca|Hain,
then: were Four other Spamardj, anil Six or Seven /*/;««
and Negroes. They learned from thcfc IVople, tlut tli«
IMatc Fleet had lailed the t'nday before, being the third
of tlut Month, from Cake for Psnama, confilling only ot
Five Sail, Two Ships of War, antl Three Merchantmen
richly lauen. They were likcwilc informed, that the
Spotiijh Admiral was Itill at Calae, being a Shipot alxjut
hoo Ion, mounted with 40 Pieces of Brafs Cannon, witli
Two l'.itaches of !■ ourtecn (lunj carii, with I'orty or I- my
Mtrihantnien of no Force at alj; tliat all the Shipping
was towed alhore, antl tecured tin r : by Three ftroiig Bat-
teries, with other Stone works, fuindhcd with upwarib of
Fifty I'lecrs of Cannon, all ready jvrejiarcd (or the Recep-
tion ot the DuUb, of whofc Motions they had early and
certain Intclhgcnce : Tlut the Viceroy hail likcwifc formc>l
Four Companies of I txit, eat h ol them compofed of Four
Icorc Men •, but the Two lx:ft Companies were put on
board tlie Ships for Panama; and that the Viceroy, hav
ing the Day btforc reieivetl ,m Account of the Appnaeli
of the Duub Fle-f. lud imineiliatJy lummoned the wi i*';
Force cf Ptru \ jb due it was not to be doubted, that he
would tix)n tuve nwny thouland Men in the I'loce. :\'.i
this the SpaniariL very rcaddy told them ; and Fjti)eriei'.( e
afterwards tliewcd, tliat evi-ry little of this Intormuu 1
wai (bktly tnK- 1 lb that nothing could be luppwr tli;;'.
taking this I'rixe at this 1 ime.

Z4, A Council was immediately called, in which it w.,«
reiolved to d< lay the Attack no longer th.in till the n>n'.
Day i anil, as the .'\iimiral was al)lolutr!y iniapable d
Fatigue, his DitUmjur growing duly worii: and work, n
was agned, that the \'icc-admiral Ihinild command, ard
his Brother-in-law drnelius 'Jacohfon was apjiointed St:-
jeant Major. Bcfidi 5 ihe Five Companies ot Soldien th^t
were on board the Fieit, it w.:.s now thoui^ht rtquilite t >
have as many C'linpanies ot Seamen, urJer theConiniaiid
of the Captains 6/«.'ii, de l^tUc, ^inninen, i.'hriinfon, aid
h.ghtrifon \ hut, as ilicre were not Iniall VelTeK emugli t)
land fo great a B<xly (;t Men, it was reiolved, tlut tlic
.SoUliers Ihould land l^rlf, and having tortilied themlelvti
on lliorc, by throwin(; up Retrenchments, and makinj; nli:
ot the Paliladoes earned alon>i, with them tor that I'lirjHjIe,
there to maintain themlMves till tJie next Day, when tlic
Sailors lh<iukl l>e landed alii). On May 10. before Day,
the Vice-aJmiral put hinilelf at the Head of the .Soldiers
with an Intent to have landed \ but, alter having rowed
tor tome time along the Shore, he was c!)ligtii to retreat
to the Fleet, tindmg it alilolutcly ini|x)(rible to do any
thing-, though, if the Tnwps could have Ix-en landit!,
there was fome Apix-arancc, that the Indians and Nej^ro'S
would have joined them. I he Admiral ordered, that t!.-
(trfyhovnd Yacht Ihould, in the Night, go in as near Sin, r-
as iMjflible, to atlbtd an Op|K)rtunity of landing under w
ProteiJtion ol her (iuns. The Spaniards, however, wer-
very loon aware ot this ; and no lixjr.er taw her under Sa ',,
but they threw up a Battery near the only Place \s\v::'
'twa* [xjdiblc to land Men, winch, though mounted on y
witb i'wu Pieces of Cannon, by an unlucky Shot dil'alM-i

t. :

^ . . P R M 1 1 E.

Chap. T.

Ihf Yacht, »mi i1ifa|w>oint«l that Dffign. On the 14th,
thfV difchargtd their I'rizc*, and iliftnbutcd Plenty of Rc-
frcftinicnts tlirough the Fleet : About Mulnight, the ( ap-
taini TV/. Shth, and Egbnlfon, with Twelve Shallop*
well armed, began to row dire^kly for the Fort of IJmt,
having on board each Shallop a fmall Cannon, and a cun-
fiderable Quantity of Fire- works. A falfe Attack was at
the fame time mailc to the North of G»/«i«, which drew
the SpanMrii thither, while the Shallo^w entered the Port,
and diftnbiitcd their Fire-works plentifully aniongft aixAit
fifty Sail of Mrrchant-lhips, which lay there at Anchor
under the Protertion of the Sj>amjh Admiral, and the thue
Batteries. As foon as the Spamards perctivctl, by their
l.tVrfts what the Dutch Vellels had been tioing, fhcy Iw-
gan t') make a dreadful Fire upon iliiin from the Place ;
which had, however, but very little I-.tit-ft, l)ccaufe the
Dutch Shallops (hcltcred tlitmlelves behind the Spanijh V'lf-
kls that were burning, and fired from thence very (Uectfs-
fully upon tiicir F.nemus. In thisAftion, there W(re thirty
or torty Ships conlumeil, tome of which v.cre very laige i
but, attcr the Dutch were retired, the Spaniard], with their
Indians and Negroes, favetl the F.ftefts out ot fomc of them.
In rhis hardy Kntcrpriw, the Dutch had (even killeil, and
fittecn wounded, the moft Part of them Klonging to the
Vice-admiral's Shallop, which had endeavoured to board
one of the I'atarhes, and thereby txpofcd themfelves more
than the rcll. This Ai'tion was exceirivily bold and -iaring,
and they would have had all the Realon in the World to
have been fatihikct with the Manner of its F".xeruti'>n, if,
after It was over, they had not difcov -red, that if, infte.id
of Fire-works, they had carried Hatchets, they might have
cut the Spanifb Merchant-men out of the Roati, and have
taken the liell Part ot them, with all their Cargoes. About
the f irey of the Morning, nuic of thefr Haming Ships came
down upon them, and obligctl the Dutch Fleet to weigh
Anchor, and (heltcr themfelves bcliind tlic Ifland of Lima.
On tlie I jth, Capuin F.ngtlhert Scbkttt landed with a Com-
pany under his Commaind, and took Poflinion of the Illand,
throwing up a ilrong Retrenchment, that they might lie
able to hale their Shallops on Ihorc, and careen them -,
which they much wanted.

25. The fame Day, a Council was held on the Mifcar-
riage of their F.nterprize at Calao -, and, as their Inllruflions
direftcd them, in cafe of any Accident of that fort, to cm-
ploy all their Force in taking Prijtes; and diltrelTing the
Spaniards in tlieir Trade, to the utmoft of their Power,
they began to think of putting this in Execution. The
Realon expreffed in their In(f ruff ions for their carrying on
rhcFjcpodition inthis manner, was,that,by thus blocking up
the Port of Lima, and putting an intire Stop to the Com-
merce of the Country, a Trial might bo made oPthe Incli-
nations of the People, and polfibly a total Revolution be
brought about. Tlie Grounds upon which thefe Notions
wtre built, were Informations that Prince Maurice had
received, as to the general Diflaffedion of the Indians and
Negroes towards the Spaniards \ in which tho' there might
be i()mt Degree of Truth, yet this Dutch Fleet had no Op-
portunity ot proving it : For the Viceroy of Peru immedi-
afcly formed two independent Companies ot Spaniards at
Limn, dilhrnud the Indians, and railed a Company of free
Negroes, who, proud o( theii Lilicrty, and afraid of bc-
<oniiiig SLives again, diflinguiflied themfelves by their Se-
verity to their Countrj'mcn, and their Attachment to their
Mailers. As there wis no Need ot the whole Fleet to block
up Calao, it was rcfoived, th.it Cornelius 'jfacoifon, with four
Ships, Ihould cniile to the South, and make as many Prizes
as ho rould : Yet, hail the Ixttcr ol their Inftruftions been
piirlued, they (hould h.ivc failed with tlicir whole Force to
.trial i and, after taking and plundering it, which would
have b< ( n done of courfe, if it had been as naked and de-
fencelrls as they fiippofed it in Holland, they might have
txteiKJed their C'onqiiell thence to the rich Mines of Potqfi,
and there have acquired, at once, more than would luve been
futfieicnt to have indemnitied the Sutcs, and Prince Mau-
rice, for the Flxpciue of this Fleet. It fo fell out, how-
ever, that they found this Scheme abfolutcly impracticable,
^^'(f<i having in it a g0(xl flarifon, the Place being regu-
larly fortilird, and well fupplicd with every thing nccefTary.
And, as for Pouji, they had certain Information, that there

N u .M B \' I

were
dufivi
oil /nil
lb nrwny
could exei
l6. Ol
tachmcAf,

SpMisrds there capable of bearing Armi, nt*

iiians and Negroes : So that all the fine Proirfl .

,*jUfO' formed !»» Holland, appeared to them

narwc ^Ltfeamt, ^hat neither they, nor anjr clfe.

re.

\fay 14. Ctrl

impofedof tl.
and the Grrjhtmid, in or<
any other Town to the South of Lma
converted two of the Spanijh Prize ip"
and, having tilled them with I'owd
and other Coinbufhbles, relhlved w.
Attempt on the Spanijh Ualleon, In

*t Jacehfon failed with his P*>

Jiih trd, the Daxtd, the Cri£bt,

■r to fill t< 1 Stji-M, Ptfc:, or

'1 the lot) ry

ellent Fir ..p, j

Fireworks, -jeils,

ihele to R>sjLe an

Night o^ die lad.

two Greeks, whom they had delivered Irom MavfKy^ ftole
a fmall Velfel, and made their Hfcape to the Spaniards.
The n(Xt Day, a rich Ship fell into their Hands, in iier
Paflage frcjm Guiaquil, on board of which were thirty
.?/)<iw»(ir,/j and Negroes. On the 2^d, the Rear-admiral
was detached With tlic Maurice and the Hope, with two
Companies aboard, in onler to make themfelves M.i(lers of
the Town ol Guiaquil, which all the Prifijners agreed was
a I'laee of no great Strength, but which tliey found in rjuitc
another Condition when they came to attack it. On the
J7tli, they .If tempted to c.irry in their Firefhip, in which
th' y li.id 20(jo Weight of Powder, bcfidcs Fireworks and
Shells, confined by an Arch of Brick-wori; fix Foot thick.
Five Men, of whom one was the Supr rcargr* of the Eagle,
navigated her into the I'ort of Calao de Lima, and came
clofe to the Side of tlie Spanijh .'\dmiral, before they dif-
covered their Defigii w.-is impradlicablc ; ..nd that there
was a Bank between them and the Ship, which it was im-
polTible for them to paCs •, and therefore, after running
thro* fo much Labour and Danger, they were glad to retire
to their own Fleet ; and it b, indeed, very wonderful they
were able to do this widiout being deftroyed.

27. On jfune 2. their AiminJ jfaques le Hermite ex-
pired in the Port of Calao de Lima, having been in a de-
clining State of Flealth from the Time they left Sierra
de Leona, and for four or five Months had quite loft his
Strength. The Vice-admiral fufFercd his Flag to remain
flying in the Amjlerdam, that the Enemy might have no
Notice of his Death. On the 3d, they buried him on the
Ifland of Lima, with great Dce.ncy, having caufcd all the
Prizes to be adorned with Streamers and Flags, chat the
Spamards might apprehend, the Guns fired at his Funeral
were difcharged by way of Rejoicing for the Succefs they
had met with in the South Seas. On the 6th. in the Af-
ternoon, the Orange anchored as near as poilible to the
Point of Calao, in order to cover the Flrcfliip, which it
was determined Ihould make another Attempt by Day-
light : Accordingly the Supercargo of the Eagle carried
her boldly into the Port, but to as little Purpofc as before ;
for they then difcovered, that the Spantjh Galleon rode in
a Bafin, fo that it was impofTible for them to approach her:
But the Spaniards, guelTing at their Defign, tired upon
them fo briflcly, that they were obliged io fct Fire to the
Train, and their Firefhip blew up, witiiout doing any
Flurt to the Enemy, or Good to themfelves : Such was tlae
End of this Attempt, which had cofl them fo much Ha-
zard and Pains.

28. On the 8th of the fame Month, they felt an F.arth-

Juake in the Iflami of Lima. On the 1 3th, the Spanijh
'rifbners having reprefented, that the Viceroy would be
willing to treat for tiieir Ranfom, it was rcfoived, that a
Propofal of tliat fort ihould be ma ie : And accordingly an
Officer was fent in a fmall VetTel into the IFirbour, with
a Flag of Truce. As loon as the Viceroy had notice of
it, he fent Direftions, that the Seamen ihould h.-ivc their
Hands tied, and their Eyes covered, while they remained
in the Shallop •, and that the OfHcer, who had the Letter,
fhould be brought on lliore. In the F'.vcning, however,
the Seamen were fet at Liberty, and the Spaniards took all
imaginable Pains to perfuade them to remain wheie they
were, and to enter into the Service of the King of Spain :
But this being found inefFeClual, and not fo much as a ilngle
Man having iiftencd to their Propofals, an A nfwer was
given to the Letter, in thelc Words : That the Viceroy
had nothing but Powder and Ball at the Servi; e of the
Dutch ; that he would net enter into any Negotiation or
U Treaty

r t '<

'fill

J I

''ilaf^W'
:in';||i« jj!

The V () Y A C. !• S «/

Book f.

■\w

•4 ■

W li*'

■ f'\)

Traty with them whktcvir li-r the Ranfom oJ iVilimrn \
•nd tlur, il" any I'rrlunieJ to enter llu I'ort o( Cilaa .igain
with • FUg i>f r< *T, he woiJil nrJir llum tu Ix- ti^igul
lip with the rUg 4lNMit their Ncikv (>> thr i+ih, when
Ihrt Anfwi r wru rrjiortnl to the Duleb, ihry rrlblvcil, i'l J
CuiiiMilnl W'ju, to lui^g up all tluir I'riUm'n. Th '
Krulbn^ which intluiril thiOi ui (birml J Protin'ing were
tliric : Thry wrrc th(n\r<lvc» niwh (\n.ijjhtcncd li>r l'i'>-
vifionn, ami hul Icartc any Water lift i i( w-i» tlicnforr
imiKilflblf lor the m to mAint^in thclc People, if duy mfant
lu Keep tli<m i aiul, at tin- faiiic turn-, thoy had 10 Union
to keep flicm, fiiue thry were fD rxped ii^ K.riloiii. 0»
till* othfr lumt, to lit them at I.iKrty, wa-. aijainll the
Mixiim of IVuilciice, at Will a* the Lawi of War, finti-
it co*ikl only ferve to rxixjfe thi ir Wtakncfi to tlie Sfti-
nurd), aiul thcnby rcinlcr them the Scorn of tluir I'.nc-
mic«. On the 15. in t'u- Morning, they put tlii» fcvcn-
kfflv, (if th' Irs in I'lt.f iuii>n, anJ aL^iully rujip'-d twenty
«)iu SpaniArdf at tljc Yanl'iarin of tlio Mu.en null of
t'u-ir Ailmiral, in ili;- Sn;ht of an infinite Numlx^r of Peo-
ple who were (hnilinu on the Sliore. Three old Men th< y
fent in a Bark to cSlao, with Oid^ni to tell the Vinroy,
that finrethty hail no Quarter 10 iX\'ri\ from hinn They
were n I'llvcif to give none to fui h ;u fell into iht ir I lamU ,
an>l that he ou^jhi ty l<iok upon thii, as the juft F.tTc^t of
h\\ own brutal MrtTage. In tiie I'.vening, CtrHtHm Jittob
fi,n rcturnc 1 with tin four Sliipj under Iuj Commaiul, and
niadc a very iiKJilfrrcnt RciH>rf, to thi< I'urjxife •, I'hat h<
had landitl on the 4th near Piifo, with inurh Piffiiulty
and I>ai>geri that, luvuig nurchrd within Mulquit (hot
c'f the Town, he found it ncularly fortiticii, with a Wall
mund It of fifteen Fut hi^i, and a (jarifon ot ainH)
Men, bcfide^ two hundii\l llorfe, that were empluyeil in
frounng the Country round it -, that he was <jl)ligcil to
thniw up an lintrtnihment for hit own Security i and
tfut, alter skirmilhing for f)me Day* with the tnt my to
Very little l'urj>o)e, hi- found, the fxrd Step heiould tak;-
was to embark his Troop, and retreat. I Ic loll in t!iis
hxpcdttion five Men killetl, fixtecn wounded, and had
thirteen defcrtfd , fo that prrhap* there never was a more
difaflrous Expedition undertaken with fo great a I'orcc.

19. On d»e J 5th, they hanged, in thr Illand ot Lima, in
Sigl.t of tile whole CrtwofUie llect, a Gunntr, wlio was
taken endeavouring to dt-fcrt. It was now rcfolvid, that
th' y IhouU proccevl to CMi, bccaufc they lud Cf-nam Intcl-
ligrnee of the Situation that Country was in : The Inhabit-
ants had been m Arms agoinil the .^panidrds mar thirty
Ycar«, having taken from thrm the C .ty and Port of Ba!-
dhia , whrch ihcy kcjc. The CtiUuns were, at tlut time,
clleemcd tht- mod wailikc Nation in Jmtrica, acting in
quite anothir Manner than the Indians are wont to do \ for
they ratlitd ArmitS of j or .4000 Foot and I lorfe, the lat-
t.r lifing much fuprrior to the Spaniards. With tlicll- they
waf\c.! the Countr;, and then bloiked up th' ir Fortreflcs.
Such 35 were bill arquainuti with th. AlTairs of tlv.t Pan
of the Wodd, were periuavlf!, tliat the Spantardi would
wiilinnly have qu.ttixl Chili, if ilicy had iwt been afraid,
that the Inhabitants, not fatiilicd with tlieit own l.iberty,
would next luve .itt.n pt.-d. the Conqueft of Ptru. For
many Year', all the R;-cruits they were able to fend into this
Cour.tty -Afcrc comixjfal of Malefactors 1 but, a little before
the 7};(.vi Fleet arrived, thc7 luii lieen forcctl to fcinl rejju-
lar Tr(x)j-i from Butnoi ^hres ; and a new Mifchi. f luil
arif n fi^)m thence; For thefc People, finding the mfclvts
very ill uled, anti the Service at the lame time viry hard,
hid mutinict), and difj-ofTtfled tl.eir ()ffic( rs of thtir Com
ma:!d ; which had thrown all things into Contufi n, The
l>«/ci» thcTt fore perhiaded them)'clvr<, liui it", while things
weie in ths Sitiuion, tlirir Fleet aj-peored iijxw thcColfl,
rhe InhalJiiant' «■ uld join them, a:;d fomething might ftill
be ma Ic or this l.itlierto unfortunate Vtiyags ; but, befor-
this eoiil! be done, thry were obliged to wait for the Mau
rut and the Hopt, which, if they had k-ft them, mufl have
fallen into the \\i:\\S-i of the F.nemics. The Scurvy pre-
vailed ail this Tunc in the Fleet, and cfpecially in the four
Shi})* that fad failed to the- S(xith. tlic Crews of whicli were
l<a iiiileral)ly resluccil, that they lud not Men enow to man
tlKir Sliallopi -, f»< that, all thirp c nfidcred, thty wti>- in
an liopelefs Condition, and their Atliirshkc I'Jgrow Nsorli,

^•-#» ■

rather than Uii^r. But, on Jimt i(>. a Swi/i, who wa« very
ill of the Scurvy, took 11 into his I trail tu iliiiib up t» tlu
very 1 op ul the highJl iitll in the lllaiid of Lima, wLxb
appealed on cwry Side a lure Kot k. On the Sumn k,
liov.ivir, he nut with gieat Plenty ofakttui of Hcrbi, »;ili
whiih lie wa^ well atqiioiutid ut las own Country, and ly
eating f'f whii h he very loon rccovcied. As lo«>n as i!m
was known, th< re were enow 10 climb that Rixk i and, by
this fortiiiute Aciident, the bri\ Part of the Fleet was favcJ
from Death, ainl, in a Diort time, rciovrrrd Strength and
Spirits. On y«/y iH. there arrived tmn Sfitrnjl' Delernn
on a Moat from CaU» t one of thefe was the ih^ef ol tlir
Player* at Lima, and the (>ther « comiivw SoKlier. Tiiev
hail, in a C^iarrcl abtxit a Wom.tn, mordcrcil the (unc-r^l
of the Spanijb llorlc \ and tlierelure found it necelVaiy t >
make their Fllcaitr. They rrporrrd, that the Town c;
Cala$ was cumpictely lunificd i lliat tliry had luurlcorr
Cartion mounted on their Woiks, exclufiveof iliol'i in tin-
Shiiis i and tJut, within the Plaie, wtrr foity Lompni;
of root, An\ fixleeii I roops of I lorlV, liefidei tmne liiu 1
Boilics of MtlitJu, which were cmploytil to dcl'eixl tl»;
Water ing-|>bces in cafe the Dklih lliould iittcmpt a Lk
fcent. They lik wife ripoMcd, that the Maurut and il»
llcpe li.id takiij li)ur Ship'. luiir the Iflc of i'«w, and lu
iMirnt the Town of (.iniiiquil, wiili tfic King's Cialkop,
which was iijHjn tin Snxks there.

^o. From 7"/y a. to iij. they were ront'nuaUy engageii
with the Spaniard], who aitukcd them vigo;oufly, becaul
the Dutih, imciiding for Qh/i, were very fp«ring e-l ilieii
Shot at tiift i hut, when they fiiun I, il.at this gave th-
F.neniy Spit t», they afTiirded them f^i wmn a Re>.cp lo:
that the Spanurdt maiL tluni f wer Vilju On .iunujt .
in a full Couticil ol War, the Vice .uln iral, purfuant todw
Patent of Prince .\Uuri(t, was inlUlIrd Admiral on loai.l
the Pf!ft, and th;rc recdvcJ the C)ath of I idcity tumi
the Meet, tli( Ship's Couipany that lay ncarell goin,'. 1
boar! firft. The Rcar-aumital liici ceded him as \ii,
admiral t and CctntUus Jattb/on, who fiiilcd fn.m ILiknd
with the Title of C ounkllur to the Admiral, w.is now ait
vanCTil to be Rear-admiral, Alxiut Noon, the Adniis '.1,
attended by a I the Shallops of the Fleet, failed : •" ..
the Orangt, in oider to receive the Oath of lidelity lici;)
her Crew, and Shi|w that were near her ; wliith the>V/,
ntards obfcrving, attacked the Shalkiiw in tJuir PalTa^v ,
but were fo waiiidy received, that they were very lou.i
glail to retreat.

ji. The Viic-admiral/Vr/Iiwfff' returned fgon after wit.'i
the .\/<jttr/iv a.id tlic Ihpt, and oiiC Pri/c wliitli tliey la;
taken. Tlicy found three VclTeU in tlic Road of Vw..
two of Nvhiih they burnt, and the third they biou^t »:
them : Thi y afterwards ran up the River as far as v..
Town of (ittiaquil, wfiich tlwy fiound pretty well h^r .
hed, and defended by a gooif CJarifi>n , however, t:..*
dttcniiined to make a Dcfccnt, wlmli tl.iy perf r.i
with tlic Lofs of thirty five Mai, and afterwards atiaek
the Place. The /)x/it Soldiers, overborne by Nuinli :■.
began at firfl to give way \ but Captain SihulU, who c > ;
mandcd them, defiring them to relleift, tlut nothing; 1
pufliing on could prefervc them, thtir Countrymen, '
the Ship, he prevailed with tluin to n new the Airaek, I
which the Town was taken : As ihcy had hut l>vo hui !;
Men m all, they found it impolTible to kecj' the 1'!^
when they were Mailers of it ; and, .isthcy hail notn.
Shallops or Boat<; to carry off their Hooty, they ft . ■
thcndelvcs under a NecefTity of burning all the richC>' "
in tlic Warehoufes, of which, as it is the I'ort ef ih. I'l
vince ofiiJu/Ve, tlicrc were many, and well lurnillicel , •:
thm retired with the next liigh Tide. The UpanitrJi h r.
loo Men in the Adion, killed upon the Spot, IjcI..;'
fcvcntccn that were taken Prifoners, and whom, foon atti .
they threw into th ■ Sea, and drowneel, for entering i' ■ '
Confpir-ry agamft them. At Sea they met with conn..;/
Wij'.eis, which once drejvc them aimed as far as J-:--
which tluy intended to have attempted i but the \N 1
changing again, they, with very great Ditliculty, rejoii
th-ir Fk< t. 1 he luw Admiral hoifled \\u Flag on Iha
his (jwn Ship the Ddft, the Vice admiral removed intej :■■■
/bnjiadam, aiid lli; Kcar admiral into i\\t:Vrangt.

Oil

Ciiap. I.

Jaq^urs lr Her mite.

31. On /4(f . 14. (lie Fleet (akA Irom itie lOamt nf
Limt, MtcmK with tlirni their I'rizri, which ihty hctnl
up tor Service, «hI llcrreil lor die Fiftadtrts, vmA an
cnurrd the Cimc L.vcniiig in « U>iy bchimi ihuli; Illaivli.
The AUniiral troimvlutdy wvnt 011 Oiorr, and niaile the
netr(Iiir)r l)il|KirttiG«is tor IrcuHnp titc .V4inen while (he/
hlleil Wjtrr ihcK, wtuch they hmiul vrry giMxi, and 111
wluch I>c%i) they I KireUcil \ and altirWiinJ* rcinihaiktd
their i'roupi, wiihwue nKrting with wv Oppofiiiun, tlio*
thr liJtcmy wu very near tlicm. Un ine lOth, thry cvn-
tuiucd their Cvwrlc Irom thence fur tlic Iflaiut ot Funa \
ami, un the 24tit, laving 6ii(ht ol the in^nd of Sunia
Uaia, (he Ailnuflil dti4k.lu:d three i>lulli)|>i, tu give the
JiiJisfu notice ui h» A|>|jruach, tu aiFure them ol ita I'ro-
taction, and to giiii) what Int< lligem e tltcy coul 1 ot the
Situation ol l'liMig»ai Guiuqmt, wlwch it wa% dctennincd
to vifit oiKc (ii<»a'.

J J. On th<- ,tli, about Noon, ilicy anchorevi in tlic
RuJil ot tlu i ukI <>t i'una, wh«.r( the .Shall<>|>s Ii4>.l >u-
rivtd about tui.r Hours Ix-toic, and h.ul made thnnlclvit
MulUrs of 4 htde Bark, laden with Merchandize, whicli was
to have Ix en tranrixjttcd hy 1 <uul trotn thence to Umit, Hut
all t Ik IVuple, SpMiJb »i\*.\ ImJismj, were lied to a Man -,
(o that tlu y could gain no fort ol Intcjligince ol the Uilpo-
fttion ot tlic L'jieiuy. On the i/tii, they took out the
great duns and Baiiall out of tluir tiiree iargcll Ships an.!
drew them on fltore, in oriier to coro n thcin. On the
38th, Uic Admiral rivc'iv(\t the niciini holy News ot the
Mifcatrioge oi a tccond AttciDpt u^hjii Guia^ii, when,
through the fault ol ibtnr ot tlua Otficern, tlicir 1 roo{)s
h.ul been dctcattd, and Ion cd to rc-cinbark with tlir Los
of twenty-eight Men. 'I'ltu L)ilordcr, according to the
Rrfionof the Officer who coiniiundcd them, tell out by
one half oi the Cum^uny, commanded by Captain Jiver-
fon, marching up the 1 lill wiiluiut waiting lor their Ot-
tiecr, moving dircClly tuwanli ihu UfaHiarJj, out ot pure
Vanity, and a Deiire: (jt beating tlu- Lneiny without a Com-
mander i of winch they thought thiailelves f'ure, bccautl-
they faw fume Spaiuardi run away on tlieir Approach :
However, wluu they got to the lop, they found the Spa-
niardi well fcxurod in tlu ir 1 loulis, who, having tirfl dil-
ordcred th(ni by abriik 1 ire, folliid out, and drove them
down the I liU, together witli another Company, dut w.u
inanhuig ii. fupport them. A licuinl Attempt was moile,
hut the lommandiiig Officer, being wounded, and jKTceiv-
ing dut ins Men wvic dilcouroucd, thought it beil tu make
a timely Retreat : Captain i>ihuiu received a Shot in this
loll Aeikjn ; iiotwithllanklir.g wluch, he continued to en-
tourage his Men to the loll. It was, fays the Audior of
the N'oyogc, very I'urpnling, dut they Ihould not be able
tu take G"«/<»^«i/, butnt, and without IntreiKlmv-iits, with
double die Number that lud taken it, when well fortified,
and defended by a good Garifon. But the prevailing
Ojiniun in the Ikxt was, diat die eummaiuiing Offiei r
lud not Abihties coual to the lask -, ami the Soldiers, be-
lieving he wanted ihem, did not behave with their uliial
Cour-ge : Wluttvcr the Reafon was, this Defeat made a
I great TmprelTiwi on the whole Meet. On Sipiembir 1.
the three largell Ships beinj; clean, they began to earei n
the reft. On the id, the .Admiral polled lepaiatc CJuarils
at the two Wells hejud eaufeil tei be dug lor Water, in
order to prevent the SpaftiaiJs fiom poifoning them. On
' the ytii, alter much Deulxiation in Council, it w.is relijlveil
not topiofecuie their iiiieiided Voyage to Chili, but to bear
|awiy immediately lor AdpiiliO, as dieir Inljirudions di-
L.U'd, in Older to cruilc tor the Muir'.Li Ship, and, that
[Ixi'edition once over, to leiuni to iJie Coall ol Li'/./, if
[the Coniiitioii of the Meet woiiki permit. In puriuanee
111 this Refohirion, thty, on th- iitliot tlie lame Mondi,
\ I't I'ire to the I'uwn ot Puna, and burnt down the Ciiureh.
I he lame Mvciiing, tour tii^,'i/h and four irtndmai de-
[lerteil : 'I hey h.ul bcliaved very bravely in the lalt Aclion,
ia> Well as Very (dbeily during tho Vt.yaye \ hue tliey inia-
lUincil, rli.it 'riiings iKgan to go wrong-, anil therefore the
, xufell Step they could take, was to thilt lor themfclvcs.
i ]■},. On the 12th, Uiey (ailcil from Puhti. On the 17th,
they were in the Latitude ol ^" South. On the iMh,
, tliey met widi a South South-well Wind, winch blew
il'ietty ftrong. On t!i.; ioth, ihoy expciteJ to have ken

tItc GslUpsgn lilarKiiv Uir, not itnJing them, thsy took it
tor granted ihey were wit>ng laid iluwn in tin Map'. i)n
Ottthr lo. tliey had Sight ul the Coall ot Nrw Sf4iii,
Iving to the Norh-eaU. On the ;Hth, nt Uu.k nl U»y,
thry were witlun half a I. r ague <jf an I. la >il, wliKh |i> «
behirc ilw I'ort ol .inpuhe t anil, in the l'v>t)ing, tin y
anchored within Sight ot the f-ori which lia<l b rn relM.iic
the Year betorr, ui a I'l'int rtlnning out into the Set, in
order tu cover tlie Mamltii Shi|", which mi^hi ride faidy
^1 Anchor under the Cannon o| ihu Fortieli. |t wat \
regular Square, and each ot its finirlWItions moM4<d witli
Un or iwilve Urais Cannon. On thv ^ith, ih Ihthh iV\-
muni tiKiUghl oi a Mcdiod, by whu.h he hoped to gtiiii
(i^mc intelliivnce a*iodie'l'ime whfnthc MuHiItt ^ip^as
cx^ieiited i in purliui ce ot which, hi' fent a'Mclf:ig< lothc
Ciuvernor, importing, that he liad mailc a great ni!« y
Frtzei in the .South vS(a.i, and in iliein li.fl taken 1> vuial
I'rilooertol Ditlmdion, winch, as he inreiklid ru pr^icteJ
to the h^t Ihilits, he wa>i willing 10 let at Liberty, m Con-
lid< ration «t a reatt>nable Kanlijm i and iiieretor«,ilciir«tl,
tliat an Otliier might h fei.t on buttrd his tleigt, and .he
Wd» ready to Kikl anrHlur in hu> Ihrad. 1 lu (ntvcrnor
lent iiiii) toi Aiilwer, That lie wkuM niitlkrknd 1 lulUge ,
nor reitive them \ but that, if the Ailnur.J tad any iinh
I'liloiier:., .iml wonkl Kiul tlu'in alhoie, he v^ni rea.ly to
pay hill) a realon.ibh- Runlom. But, as the Aiiniiiai wiAild
not agree to diit, the Negntiatioiundeil. On Auvoui'tr 1.
the Ships iailtd out ot fort, aiul the i'ortrifk (.ifcimrged
le eial I'leces ol C'ai.non, but w.iliout iloing them my
lluit. In the I'.veiiing, a grwit Dei^iUmeni w..;. luit, un-
der the Command of the Vice-aJinlral, to ani li'.r twei ry
Leagues to the Well ol /!atpuUo, inoreUr to li,ok (iith.r
thcCialleon, to give her Cliacc •, and, it tin y could mt
come uj) with hi r, to force lux into the Hut. On Uk-
2d, the Ailmirul, and tlu Oiaiigi", remaining l^ij bctoic
the fort, tlie nit ot the ^hi, s Iprt.ut along llie V ., i.l, diat
they might Ik lure it .eiting *ith the \'ifill tlicy qx-
pected. (Jn the 3d ami 4th, the .")halloi s bik>tn,lng to
Admiral, and to tlr iraM)>e, went to taAt in Ui^icrat
I'ono del Mirifiifs, v],uh is a league and a half from
AafiiUe. On the /th, Caitain dt ll'ilie being at tho
Wat. ring- pLiee with his Sha'iop, the Lneiny attacked his
Men tiem an Ambuliaile ; the Duftb immediately tied to
their Veliel, and n emba.ked v a .'•oKlier le.ulud die Shore
jull as the Bo It lud put olf j but Capt»iin<.'<;//'«<.'f orJercd
tlR-m to row hack, going hinileli on Shore to lave the
poor Man, which coll him a \'< ound in dxSide, of wiii(;h,
however, he happily recovered.

\-;. On Scpitmlftr 21. the \ ice-ai'miial's SquaJron ap-
peared in Sight ; and, on the J 2d, thiy lent a Yaclit to
aii|iuirt the Aiimiral, th.it fix of their Soldiers having dc-
lertid, they had leen 600 Spaniards the next Pay, ad-
vam iiiii, towards the Shore, wlio, they cooceivcil, had a
Delign to lurprile their Men at the Watc!ing-pli«c< j bur,
by goijd Link, they were all embarked. Lrom thj 24'h
to the 2Sth, the Ffet continued inii'.in^ to tlu' VNcitwartl,
in Hn[xs of timiing tlu: Iilands called Ladrillcios, which,
in A apani/b Journal, were liild to lie 40 Leagmv to tin;
Weft ot /Uapiilco \ a;ui that they mi^iit ther^ iiurt with
Water, lilh, ami I'l.t.itoes, m Abuneian ■-•. i h Dutch,
however, laikd twice that Space wrhout bcinp, able r<>
hnd them, which, wiv ther it was owing to any ;\iillakc in
the i'/J«///j Chat ti, or lo the Ignorance ol die X^H-ci' I'l-
lots, IS xmceriaiii. On the i^tli, tliey burr.t their two
Yachts, the Gre)baund mA the PioltMe^ becaule they could
harilly fwim any longer 1 aiv.l lb relolved to proceed with
all the Diligence imagiiia'.ile to the Ijiij} Indies.

:^6. On January \ j. 1O25. they law Ionic very low
Land lo'.variis the Well, over whi< h the Sea bi-ql-.e with
gnat huiy, wiiich they took to b<; the Coall ot the Ifiand
of (Jalperua. On the 23d, the Scurvy had jnev.iiled to
fiicli a Degree, that tluy luul fcarcc Men cncugh in IJeahli
to work the Ships, in the Lveningot the a^th, they were
on the C0.1II ot the Illand of Cihiii, one ot the L.Jyones,
the Inhabitants ot which c.inic two I eagues to lucet ihem,
with all lorts ol Uitiefhments the l.iand aiVorded, whicii
they txehangul for old Iron. The n.x: Morning there
came oif 150 CanoLS, with Fruits and Oardcn-ilutV. On
the ijth, the Vice-admiral, with half the Siddi-rs, ai^

7hc V () Y A Ci E S of

Book I.

v% ^

! ■!«

tempted to !»n<J on a fmall Illand, about thrcr Leagues to
the South ot" the RoacI, but founti it imprafticabh;. In
the mean time, the Rear admiral liad toafbil the Bay, ami
found a very good Watering-place. On the 7.8th, they
landed fifty Soldiers to protcft the Seamen, while they
were filling Watrr ; and the next Pay it was found neccf-
fiu-y to ftrengthen that Detachment, which had been in-
fultcd by the Natives. In the Beginning of the Month ot
Ftkrvtry, they biought conftderablc (^anntiej of Rice on
board, and fold fcventy or eighty Founds Weight for an
old Hatchet. On th<! 5th, the Admiral direftetl a general
Review, when, including ^/«i«/ft and Negro Frifoners,
of which there were thirty-two, they found 1 160 on board,
bjr which it appeared they had loft 409 fi.ice they left llol-
lm$J. The Ifland of Guan^ which is one of thofc ftilcd by
the SpMiartHs Hat it las Feloj, or Lddrona, lies in 13'
40 North Latitude: The Soil is tolerably fertile \ they fow
Rice in teveral Places, and have proiligious Quantities ot
Cocoas. The Inlubiunts foKi the Duuh 200 Fowls, but
they would not let them have any Cattle, though they
offered them any Satistadion. The Feople are of a larger
Size than other Indiiu, hex very ftrong, and well propor-
tioned 1 thejr are, generally fpcaking, painted ret! : Tlie
Men go ftark naked •, but the Women have the Leaf of a
Tree to cover their Frivities. The Arms they ulc are
Aflagaies, or wooden Javelins and SHngs, which they ufc
with great Dottrriiy. Their Canoes arc very convenient,
and go at a great Rate lietbrc the Wind ; Neither are they
adraid to put to Sea in ftormy Weather •, but, in cafe they
are oreriet, turn up their VelTels again, and empty the
Water in an Inftant. The Dutch experienced their Dex-
terity in another ProfelTion, viz. that of Cheating ; for
when they came to examine thofc Balls of Rtcr, which
they thought they had bought fo cheap, they found the In-
fide of them Stones and Din : Bcfidci, they ftolc every
thing they couM lay their Hands on. Such as land in
this Ifland, ought to be extremely cautious how they ram-
ble i for the Duuh, while they remained here, loft Icvcral
of their People, through their own Folly in this refpeift.
On Fthriuirj 14. they law an Ifland, in 10* 30, which
they took to be that of Sntdra^ which if it was, then it
is wrong laid down in the Charts. On the 1 5th, about
Nine in the Morning, they faw another Ifland not laid down
in the Charts, the Feople cf which cmleavoureti to come
out to them in Canoes with Fruits and Rrlrefhmcnts :
They were much of tlic fame Size with the Inhabitants of
the LaJrtut] -, but, the Ship failing at a great Rate, they
were not able to get on boani. I'his Iflami appeared to be
very populous, and extremely well cultivateti, lying in the
Latitude of 9° 45. The zjd, it was refolved in Council,
that they (hould continue their Courfc 5>outh .South- well
lo the Height of 3*, in order to arrive at Cilclt, and
from thence to continue their Voyage to Ttrnatt. The
fame Day, at Noon, iliey hail an Obfervation, by which
they perceive*!, that the Currents carrietl them violently to
the North •, for the Northern Frade Wind began then to
blow, the Kffeftsof whkh they felt very fcnfibly.

37. On Mar(b 2. they had Sight of the high Mountain
of Gammojuter, which is on the Coaft of Mac 9, at the
Weft Enil of Harewtamra, or the great .'fland of CiltU,
on the Weft Side of which he the Iflands of the Mtluieas.
On the 4th J in the Evening, tluy had a frrfti North Wind,
which carried them to Malaga, the principal Place in the
Ifland o{Temate -, from whence the Admiral fent his Sloop
to Talucee, wliere the Sieur Jaquts It Fevrt, (jovemor
of the Moluiiuj, ii'icn wa?, in ordc-r to give him Advice
of thfir Arrival. The 5th of tlic liimr Month, or the
6th, accoriiing to ihe C' imputation of the Inhabitants of
thoC- Countries, the Governor came on l)oard to vifit the
Admiral i and they afterwanis went aftiore together. On
the I jth, they haii Advice, that one of the Company's
Ships, called the FiJeliiy, hail l>een loll on the Coaft of
Stmgi. The fame Day, jiart of tlic iVople on board the
Fleet had Onlers to go aihorr, and aflilt in demolifhing
th^ Fort of Calftnait, whith was no longer thought nc-crt-
(ary, and confequently the Fjtp^nce of it mull prove bur-
ticnfome to the Company. \J\nm the fame Motives, the
\'ice-admiral was lent with a Drta Iimmt to ruin the Fort
at .\'b:>r, whah is eih'iiiHd the ihiid Il'and in the Mo-

luccas. On the 25th, the ftoTcmor failctl with a vholf
1-lcet for Mathian, fn)m whence, on the 26th, the Onccrd
was lent to Saiigi, in order to take up all th«t could be favcj
out of the Fidtlily. April 4.. the Fleet proceeded to Am-
beina, where the Governor Hirman van Sptnlt was making
Preparations to go to the Ifland of Certm for the Company'^
Service. On the J5th, the Admiral fent the Shafiopoi
the EaiU to Bataviay to acquaint the Governor General
of the Dutch Eafi Mitt with his Arrival, and the FJctts
of his hjtpedition againft the Spaniards in the Soutli Sea:.
On Mof 14. the Admiral, and the two Governors ul
Auitiua, Sptuli^ and Gtrtum^ detached two Ships, cx\t
to LtutbtiUy the other to CambtlU, both in the Ifland >ji
Oram, and followed them loon after with all their Forrrs,
where they quickly made themiclvcs Mafters of Leucbeu ,
after which they diredcd the Flantatnns of the Rebels ti
be burnt, their Cbve-trecs to be cut down, itnd the Place
to be deftroyed. On 'Juiu 22. they returned to Jmbtina.
On the 28th, the Admiral, and the Governor Sfeii:;,
failed with the whole Fleet for Balavia,

38. On Augtijl 25. Governor Speult left the Fleet, wiiii
the Oraugt, and the Maunct, in order to go to Japar^ ,
and the reft of the Fleet continued its Courfe to Buia-.-.i,
where they arrived on the apth \ and fome Days after Cio-
vcrnor SpiuU arrived with hu Detachment. As there wis
not, at that time, any immetliatc Service for a Fleet oi
lijch Strength, the Governor General and Council ot
the InJits came to a Refolution of fcparating the Fla;,
and employing the Ships, of which it waa comtwfcd, n
fuch i manner, as formed to them moft for the Service .,i
the States General, and the Company. In confequence of
this Rcfolutkm, the Command of the Orangt^ the Hallani,
and the Maurice, was given to Governor Speull, *,'j
was d I reded to fail with them to Surat, where he w.i
to remain as ftiort a time aS poflTible, and then to contin>^
his Route to Heliand: The VVx-adxtanAVtrfcbtor wasiir
tached with the Htft, the Griffin, and two of the Cur
pany's Yachts, u\xn an Expedition toMalatta. The %/
and the David were deftined to remain on the Coaft .;
Ctrtmandil; the CoMtari was refitted, in order to procrrJ
to Htlland \ and the Dtlft and Amfitriam were orders J :>
the Ifland of Onnfi, there to be careened, and then u
proceed home after the Cmutri as foon as pofTible -, fo thr
fiere the tjcpcdition of the t'iaffaa Fleet was properly .-.
ac End.

39. On OOober 29. Admiral Schaptnbam, finding hi:r.-
felf extremely ill, refolved to return Home in the Concon,
which failed from Baiavta with another Ship belonging '.i
the Company, calWd the j^ms •/ Hem. On Ntvititbtr ■
the Admiral died on boonl, worn out with Care and b
hour \ and, on the 5th of the fame Month, he was i:
terred on the Ifland of Pulobtfiec, two Leagues from &»
tCM. On January 21. 1626. they anchored in the Rua^i
the Cape of Gtd Hept ; and, on July 9. following, ih^.
came, without any remarkable Accident, into the 7>x. .
having fpent in theu Voyage three Yean, two Months, .1. :
tkven Days. The Length of this Voyage renders it i.r
proper to dwell kmg upon it here in our Reflexions ; r J
yet It wouki be as improper to difmifi fo large and In i"
portant a Piece, without making fbme Rcnurks, in on'r:
to juflify the infcrting here fo cc^ious a Relation. It clcir •
apj)earsfrom hence, that, though the Dutch mightbe as al K,
and as eX|)cditio(is, in fitting out liich Squadrons as *:,
yet they were not certainly luperior to us in their Man i;;
inent of maritime Affairs. 'Fhcy owed the Alacrity 1 -
Exjiedition, with which fuch Anairs were then niaiugc'.
to their having a StadthoUer ; but then they owed M :
ukcs in the Choice of Officers, and the Occafi'jns /
other Misfortunes, to the fame Caufe. When priMi-
Companies of Merchants fitted out a Angle Ship, or p
haps two or three, for the undertaking fuch long Voyag'.
thry were better manageii, and turned to far better A^
count \ ot which we have a pregnant Inftance in that :
Lt Main, which wis executtxl b' 'he Projedlors, and t.j
with a Felicity xs furprifing, ai the Misfortunes thit J'
tended this Voyage, concerted bj* much greater Men, J" •
fupported by an incomparable greater Force : At the U"''
itime we muft allow, that the Intention of the Voy^i,'
was laudable i but we muft likcwifc acknowledg'-, that \>

purX:

Chap. L

J A Q^U E S L E H E R M 1 T Ei

puifuc right EnJs by wrong Meafiires, more fatal to a
State than the iiblblutc NcBlcft of them •, fince the former
makes thofc Ends grow into Difreputc with the People for
ever, whereas tlic latter occalions only a temporary Suf-
ptnlion of the Endeavours to attain them. I am very
W' 11 aware* that aJI this may be excufed by obfcrving, that
the Situation of things in the Spanijh Wifi Mits was very
much changed between tiu: Time that Drakt, CMdiJh, and
Spilbergben, undertook their Expeditions, and the fittbg
out of this Elect i and, imlccd, this very Obfcrvation is
made by Sir IViiliam Monfon, who wa$ one of the bed
Judges of Naval Affairs that our Nation has to boaft : But
then, we ought to conlider, that the firft thing which
ftiouid have fallen under the Care of thofe intruftcd with the
Management of this Defign was toobuin proper Intelligence,
without which tky could not reafonably cxpeft any Suc-
Cf fs ; and, if they failed in this, they ought not furely to
plead fo great an Error as a legal Excufc. We may, how-
ever, go farther, and, fmm the Lights afforded us by
Exoeriencc, queftion the Truth of the Faft : I do not
mean queftioning, whether the Spaniards fortiBcd tliem-
fclves in the if^tft Indies -, for that, no doubt, is true (
but, whether their Fortifications were fuch as might
enable them to have withffood this Force, fuppofing it
had been properly conduced : And this, I think, cannot
be allowed, fince the Buccaneers long after took the
ftrongcft Places in the Spanijh IVtft Indies, even the City
of Lima, in fpite of the whole Force aH Spain, Widiout
going, however, out of this Voyage, it is eafy to (hew,
that It was not want of Force, but want of Condudt, that
hindered it from fuccecding •, fince, in the Inftancc of
Guiaquil, half the Number, under one Officer, took the
Place, well fortified, which double the Number, under an-
other Officer, failed of taking when thofc EoniBcations
were dcthoyed. It appears likewife, that, after the Death
of their AJmiral, their Councils grew unllcady, mfomuch
tiidt they knew not wliat to underake. The Projcft of
going firft from Puna to Acapuko, and from thence re-
turning to Chili, was fo wikl and abfurd, that, as we fee,
fomc of the bed Men in the Fleet defcrted, as foon as it
was known : From all which we ought to infer, that a
wrong Choice of Officers was the Ruin of this Voyage, as
the I'Jtcufes they made ruined the Credit of fuch Expe-
ditions •, infomuch tlut we never hear of another being
undertaken of the like kind. There are, however, fomc
Circumrtances in this Voyage worthy of great Commend-
ation, fuch as the extraordinary Care taken of the Fleet
in the Eaft Indies, tlut it might be immediately employed
for the Service of the Company, without remnining there
ufelefs, and at a large Expcncc to the State. I'his Ihewed
a right Corrdpondencc between the trading Intereft of
Holland, .ind the Sovereign Authority, without which
this Dillribution of the Ships could not have been made.
I mentran tliis the rather, becaufe there are other Coun-
tries in the World, befides Heiland, that depend on Trade,
where there are fo many Diftindtions, and (b little Sub-
ordination in Command, that Commerce very irequcntly
fuffcrs without any body's being called to Account i and,
if any thing is done for its Advantage and Security, it
mull be attended with fomc fort of Perquifttc, as if the

Commerce of the State was not its moft iiliportarit Con-
cern, but Naval Commands were bcftowed for the Advan-
tage of private Families, and to give particular Men a
legal Authot-ity to domineer over 2 or jooof their fellow
Subjcfti. The laft thing I (hall uke notke of, in this Ex-
pedition, is, that it affords the cleared Proof, that the States
Gcn<(ral of the United Provinces did not intend, that their
exdufive Charter to the Eafi /w^m Company fliould hinder
the coming of their Ships into the Ea^ Indies upon their
lawful Occafioni, and without any Defign of prejudicing
the Eaft India Company's Trade ; for, otherwifc, they
would luve diredted this Fleet, by their IndruAions, to
have returned by the Streights of Magellan ; for, at the
time of their fctting out, it was a thing uken for granted^
that there was no returning through the Streights of le
Mairt i though, as it appears from th'is Voyage, that was
a groundlcfs Notion, as many fpeculative Points in Navi-
gation are daily found to be. To conclude, the Freedom
and Plainncfs with which this Relation is penned, deferves
the greatcd Applaufe. I'here are fome Countries in which
Liberty is as much talked of as in Holland -, where, if a
Man had cenfurcd the ConduA of Commanders, and laid
open the Caufes of a Mifcartiage of this Nature, with as
little Kcferve as this Writer has done, it would be con-
fidcred as an AftVont to the Government, and, what is worfc,
reputed, if not treated, as a Libel. Yet nothing is more
certain, than that, in fuch Countries, one Mifcarriage
begets another, till nt lad either the State is undone, or
the Government altered, which arc certainly Mifchiefs, that
dclerve to be better guarded againd than the fuppofed In-
conveniences flowing from fuch free Remarks. It is
im[>«)i1ible, that Errors diould be corrected, where it is penal
to difcuver them « and it is as impoflible, that Sufpicion
Ihould be avoided, where Inquiries are difcouraged. In the
prefcnt Cafe, it was not only the abfolute Lofs of the im-
mcnfc Sum that this Expedition cod, that fell upon the
Subjects of the Republic, but the Lofs alfo of their Hopes,
and of that Spirit which had been raifed of indemnifying
themlclves from the Expences of a confuming Land War,
by the Advantages that might have been gained by a
proper Application of their Naval Force in the Spanijb
Weft Indies. The Neglcdl of this brought fuch a Load
of Debt upon the United Provinces, and particularly oa
that of the Province of Holland, that nothing but the
fuddcn Alteration of their Government, which foon after
hap})ene«.l by the Sufpenfion of the Sudtholderlhip, and
the wife and frugal Adminidration of the dt fVittes, could
Itave favcd the Republic, which mud have otherwifc,
after titcir long and gilorious Struggle for Liberty againd a
foreign Enemy, funk under the intolerable Conlirquences
of that Corruption which hat! imperceptibly crept into the
Management of their domedicAfi^airs. After this Expedition
of the Najfan Fleet, there is a wide Chafm in our Hidory
of the Circum-navigations \ and, as the Reader will per-
ceive from the enluing Seftions, whatever was attempted
of this kind for many Years attcrwards, was rather the
Effed of Chance, than of Defign : So foon the nobled
Spirit is dam|)cd by DiliippointmenT, and fo eafily the
1 hird of Ditcuveries check'd, when all proper Encourage*
ments arc taken away !

SECTION XII. ^ ' A ^^ ^

Captain C o w l e v's Voyage round the World,

The Occafton of the Voyage, j. A concife Account of the Undertaking, and the Commander, j. Their
Departure from Virginia, Auguft 23. 1683. 4. Proceed to the Coajl of Guiney, and fo rounddpe
Horn, to the I/land of jian Fcrntixdex. 5. Mifs a very rich Prize in the Harhour of Aria. 6. De-
fription 0/ ^Af Gallapagos IJlandt. 7. The Kc\xngc Jlfarates from the Hicohs, into which Captain
Cowley goes as Ma/ier. 8. Sail from Cape Krancifco to Gorgona, or Sharp'r Ifland. 9. Account of
their prodigious Run from thence /o Guam, ^ing 7646 Miles. 10. Their Tranfaitions during their
Stay at that Ifland. 11. A copious Defcription of the IJIe, and of its Inhabitants, xi. Proceed to
Canton, in China, and from thence to an Ifland North 0/ Borneo. 13. Captain Cowley quits the Ship ^
and gets a Paffage heme from Batavia. 14. Arrival at ^ and Defcription af, the Cape oj Good Hope,
Numb. 6. X tht

T:^^ V O Y A G E S of

Book I.

th Dutch Settlement^ and the Hottentots, i y. Variout Jctidents thnt haffened in tijeir PajJ,,^,
16. Hearrivfifaffh in Holland, and comet from thence to England. 17. Remarks on tht Spirit oJKd.
vigatitn -wbicb tben'prevailed, and onjome Particulars in this Vosngc.

t, ^'B "^HE Adventiirr" of the Buccaneers In Anerica
I have made too much Noife in the World to
M. Jay mc under any NccelRty of flicv/ing what
fort of People they were, in this Place efpccially, fince the
Nature of this Work will hereafter engage mc in the par-
ticular Hiftory of their Exploits, which, howe.cr blame-
lible they may be, will render them for ever famous. Thefc
Kfen uitiaiiy fitted out fmall Vcffeb in fome of our Co-
lonies, and cruifevl in them till they were able to make
Prize of a bigger : Ami, ai thdr Defigns generally re-
quired Secrecy, they very often took Matters and Pilots on
board, umler falfc i'rcrcnccs -, and did not ex()lain the true
Dcfign, till they were at Sea, where they were abfolute
Mailers. This was the Cafe with refpetl to Captain
C«f/(7,8 very intelligent M.ui, and a very able Navigator,
who, being at yirgima in 168 j. was prevailed upon to go
a< Miftcr in a Privateer which was laid to lie bound to the
French Von of Petit Goave, in the Ifland of St. Domingo,
where fuch People ufeil to uke CommilTionJ 1 but, in
Reality, their Dcfign was to put to Sea, and make what
PrizestheycouW, without that Formality •, m which Scheme,
if it hail been known by Captain Ccnvtiy, he might not,
perhaps, have been fo willing to engage. It may not be
•mils to inform the Reailer here, that this is the fame
N'oyage, at Icaft in Part, with Captain Dampicr'% firft Tour
round the World, ami, therefore, it will be neceTary,
before we pnxeed to the Voyage itfclf, to ^ve a concifc
Atxxjunt of the Grounds on which, and the Commander by
whom, it was undertaken v the rather, becaufe, in the
original Journal ol Capain Cowley, nublithcd by Captain
ff7iliam Hacke, there is very little laid about it \ which
was, in all Probability, owing to his being a litilc alhamed
oi' having engaged in it.

2. Amoi^ the Buccaneers that did the mod Milchief
Jn the SpMi^fVeft Indies, tlierc was one Mr. John Cooke, a
Native of the Ifland of St. Chrifiopber'f., a briflt bold Man,
who dillinguifhcd himlclf to fui h a Degree, as raifetl him
to the Poll of C^rter-mafter on board Capuin Tanky \
and, on their uking a Spanifl) Prire, that was turned into
a Privateer, he, according to the Cuflom of their People,
cl.iimed the Comtnand oi htr , and, as he was very jkj-
pular anrongd them, cra;aged Men enough to ferve under
nim , but, a groat Ma)ority of tlie Buccaneers, at the
tune this Tranlaction hap|)ened, lieing French, they could
n((t bear to fee an hngiifbman invcilni with liich a Com-
mand, by the mere Choice ot his Crew, without any Com-
miflion ; ami, therehrt-e, to (hew how much honeller Men
tliey were, who had luch CommilTions, attrr robbing the
Spaniards under Pretence o* tlam, they took this Occafion
to plunder the F.HgUih, who had afTiiled them, of their
Ships, Gooda, and Aims ; and turned fhcin aftiorc naked :
This honourable TranOiAion hapjyuctl at the Ifland ot
jh'dcke, whii.h rvir Seamen generally rail ,1Jk, on the
Coofl of St. Domingo \ Init Captain Triftian, on old Buc-
caiucr, having a lutlc mcjrc liood-nature than the rrll,
was prcvailcil Ui>on lo carry Captain Davis, Captain Cooke,
and eight m*ifc ol the hngltjh, to Pttit Hoove, which, m
the Language of the Hutxaiietrs is Ihlcd Petit Cuavres ;
where, while tluy lay at Ar.i hur, and Captain ■Trtftian,
and many of his Men, wen. on Ihore, the Fngiijh, to rtiew
h(jw apt Scholars tlicy wc re, made theinleivc-. Mailers (;t
his Ship, turned tlic Frcnchmn, who were much fupcrior to
tlum ill Numb< r, on (here, and failed with her imme-
diately to the IflaiKl of .ivacbe ; and, fcn<lin|T in Captain
triftian's Name to tlie Governor, pnxrurcii all their
Countrynv.n to be lent on boanl. As they were now
iinrng t-nough to let up for tlicinfelvfs, ihry relolveii to
nuke Vuix of whatever came m their Way \ and, in pur-
fia-nir of this Rcloluiion, took firil a irwri Ship, laden
with Wines \ and, aitcrwa'-di, another Ship of Kmlidcrablc
Force, in which they embaiqucd, ar.d carrieil her to l^ir-
;[»/»;(», where they arrived in .^n7 1 C8^. There they dii'pofed
ol thnr Cargo ol French Wines, and, having |)Uichaletl
Proviiiyns, Naval Stuics, znd whatever tile they wanted,
1

fitted out their Prire ft>r a long Voyage, mounting Inr
with eight, as Captain Cowley aflerts, and with cightri
Pieces of Cannon, acctnding to Dampier, and giving hfr
the Nanie of the Revenge, of which Captain John Cccii
had the Command : His Company confillcd, as Captain
Cowley fays, of 52, but, as Captain Dampier afTirms, 01
70 Men.

J. They failed from Achamack in yirginia, Anguft ; :
1683 t and were bound. Captain Damfier lays, lor t c
South Seas : But Captain Cowley, who navigated the Ship,
was not in the Secret, and therefore fleered lor Petit Coavf,
which thejr fuffered for a Day •, and then told hiin, th v
were not bound thither, but firft lor the Coaft of (iumn
Upon which he altered his Courfe, and lleered F.a(l SoutV
call for the Caj>c de Verd fOands, and arrived before t if
Ifland of Salt in the Month of September : They touii
there neither Fruits nor Water, but very great Plenty ol
Fifli, and fome (Joats, though thcfe were but very imiii-
ferrnt. At this time the Ifland, whkh lies in 16" Lat,.
tilde, and in 19* 33 Ix>ngitude, Weft from the /jz^rj,
was very otldly inhabited, and as oddly governed ; for tlurt
were but five Men upon it, and, ol thefe, lour were dig-
nified with Titles : One, a Mulatto, was Governor, tvfo
were Capuins, one a Lieutenant, the fifth was a Boy, th.
only Subjefl, Servant, or Soklier, they had : Yet thry \« :•
extremely jealous of their Rejnitations, and took it v ■,
ill to be called Negroes, .iflcrting that ihcy were wh!;
Perfugnefe, and exjiedlcd to be treated with Decornn
Captain Cocke, who was a Man of more Goo*l-nature thjn
Ceirmony, in Ketiirn for a Prefent the Governor miit
him ol Three or lour Gtats, gave him a Coat to cover h ■)
with, which he exceedingly wanted, and an old Hat, whici
were very kindly received. They traded here for the pr-.r
Commodity of the Country, which is Salt, made natuu ; .
by the Influence of the Sun's Heat upon the Sea-wat ',
let into Pontls of about two Englijb Miles in F'-xtent. I't
Qiuntity they purchafetl was no more than twenty Bii'r ' ,
R I ihey paid for it in old Cloaths, giving the Govemnr, •
h ^ earnell Reo'jcft, a littk* Powder ami Shot into tli« Kr
gain. They failed from thence to the Ifland of Si. \ ■
tolas, which lies Weft .South-weft from the Ifland ot . .
twenty-two I /"agues, ami anchorevl on the .Soufh-eall,'-i>l'. t
the Illand, whkh is of a triangular Form, the lonj^cll S ■>
meafuring thirty I.,eagues, and the other two twenty I , jg rt
each : There they found a Governor, who was r.-ii y a
white Man, and hat! al>out him thrceorfour People, pn;?
well cliuthcd, armed with Swords and Piftolsj Initiherr;
of his Retinue wc.-e in a very pitiful Condition. Tlvy . : ■
fome Wells on the Shore, and traded fi:)r (»oats, tn ,
and Wine, which was none of the beft. The Coti • 7
near the Coaft is very indifferent, but within Land th t
arc fome very fine Valleys, pretty well inhabited, a.d
•btnimiing with ail the NectfTaries tor Lile. J h'y o-t
nucd here about five or fix Days, and tiien hel<l a 1 riti
Conl'ultatk)n, wheth< r they (houkl proceed diredtly to iV
.South Seas m the Sliip tliey hail, or fail 10 the Cojll 0!
GtuHey in Sean h ot another : At iail after manir- I **' •
bcration, they came tu this wife and honcll Krloluin.i',
go immediately to the Ifland ol St. logo, in Hojh^
meeting with liunc Ship or other in the Road, i: rnv.
to lilt lier Cattle, and niii away with htr ; ol whiiti *.
cumllance Captain Damper lays not a Wurd. In ] ■
ant" of this Scheme, they ftooil away to the Faft < I :
Ifland i and, upon coming near it, they faw, over a I'
of Land fitjin the Topmall-heatl, a Ship at Anchor 1 1
koail, whuh lecmcd extremely lit for their Purp)l •, 1
proved quiu- otherwile \ lor, by the rime they •■•
pretty near her, thole on Ixanl clapi>t:d a Spring upo:.
Cat)le, llrtKk o<u her Ports Uluw, and, running ni.t
under 'Tier of Guns, convmcrtl Captnn Cocke, tl.at iv
caught a Tartar : Upon which he Ixiit* away as fill .a
could 1 and, though t!ie ftrange Shipfent ten .Shot alter ' -
yet none ot them took 1'l.icc. Tins was a narrow I'' '
fur tliey wrc alterwaiJ» 'nfornicd, that the Ship tii '. -

tCil ^■■'

»3\

««

Vol.I./V»,'y

Xojrd Culpeperi
iQand

^ Gallapago s Isxand s

by Cap', Co-tvley in.

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Ovif^mant I*i.

Kinjr CWrie««ia.

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»S

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«^

4* ynarvf '^ . SS

a*.

Chap. I.

Captain C o vv i, r y.

ti'mptcd was a T)uub Eajl Indiaman, of fifty Guns, and
four hundred Men. They failed from titencc for the Coaft
of .Africa dinftly, and, near Cape Sierra Leona, they met
witli a Ship of forty Guns, new built, well fumifticd with
Brantiy, Water, and all kinds of Provifion, which they
boardci!, and cariied away, ftcering then direftly for the
Ifland 1*1 Juan Fernandez in the South Seas. There is not
a Syllable of ail this in Captain Dampier, though he affcfta
to be much more particular than Captain Ccwley.

4. They contiinud their Coiirfc till they arrived on the
Coall of Braftl, from whence they (leered South-wtll, till
thi y were in 40" South Latitude, where they obfervcd the
Sea to be as red as Blood : This was occafioned by vaft
Shuals of Shrimps, which ars there of a ret' Colour in the
Water. They likcwifc ol)ffrvcd vaft Quantities of Seals,
and lb many Whales, that Captain Ctwley remarks there
were a hundred for one found in the fame Degree of
Northern Latitude, holding their Courfe ftill South-well,
till they came into the Longitude of 47°, where they met
with an Kland not known betore, on which Captain Cowley
beftowed the Name of Pepys'i Wand, in Honour of that
great Patron of Seamen Samuel Pefys, F.fquire, Secretary
to his Royal Highnefs James Duke of Tork, when Lord
High-admiral of EngUnd. This Ifland had a very good
Harbour, where 1000 Ships might fafely ride at Anchor •,
was a very commodious Place both for Wood and Water •,
^)unded with Fowls j and, as the Shore was either Rocks
or Sands, promifed fair with refpeft to Fifi.. In the Month
of January 1684, they bore away for the Streights of
MagtUiin \ and, on the 28th of that Month, they fell in
with the Sebaldine Iflands, in the Latitude of 51° 25';
then (leering .South-weft and by Weft, they came into
the Latitude of 53°, where tliey made the Land of Ter-
ra del Fuego \ biit, (inding greater Ripplings near the
Stnights of /* Main, they did not care to venture thro'
it, but refolvcd to go quite round, as Captain Bartbelcmew
Sharpf did in 1681, who (irft difcovered, that the Country
called by the Dutch, Slates Land, is in reality an Ifland \
in Right of which Difoovery he changed its Name, and
he called it Albemarle Ifland, in Honour of Cbrijlopber
Diike of Albemarle, Son to the famous General Monk.
On February 14. they had a prodigious Storm, which lafted
between a l-ornight ?nd three VN'ceks, and drove them out
of 47° into the latitude of 63° 30', which was the far-
the(l South that ever any Ship went : 'Ihis Storm was
attended with fo nuich Rain, that they faved twenty-three
Barrels of Water, though they drelTed their Viftuals with
it during that Space, Ihe Weather too ^vas fo exce(rively
ooW, that they could bear drinking three Quarts of burnt
Brandy a Man in twenty-four Hours, without being at all
the worfe for it. Thence fteering North-caft, they came
into warm Weather again •, and, in tlie Latitude of 40°,
uey met with an Englijb Ship called the Nicolas, of Lon-
den, of 26 Guns, commanded by Captain John Eaton^
with whom they kept Company, and failed together for
the Ifland of Juan Fernandez. They arrived there March
23. and anrhoreil in a Bay at the South End of the Ifland,
in twenty-five Fathom Water. Captain Bartholomew
Sharpe h«d been there in 1680, and, finding the Place un-
irhaliited, called it ^een Catharine's Ifland : At his going
away, he left be hinil him, by Accident, a Moskito Indian,
who rctnainwl there from that time to this 4 he had with
him hi« Gun, a Kiiite, a fmall Barrel of Powder, and
a tew Shot. In this dcfulate Condition he found it equally
hard to conceal himfelf from the Spaniards, (who, having
noti'-e that he was lett there, came more than once to take
him ) and to provide for his Subfiftence ; and yet he ac-
« oniplilhrd both. He chofc for his Habitation a pieafant
Valli y, alx)ut half a Mile from the Sea Coatl, where he
had erected a vcr\' convenient Hut, well lined with Scal-
IKins \ ai'.d lud a Bcil oi the fame, railed about two Feet
abfivc the Groiiiui. 1 lis Krife, by the 1 lelp of a Flint,
he convcrtid into a Saw, and with that he cut the Barrel
ol his f iun to Pieces v which he fafhioned into Harpoons,
I Jinces, I'llh-hooks, and a long Knife, by heating the
Pieces (irft in the Fire, and afterwards hardening them.
Ail iliis coll him abund.uire of Labour, but, when once
pf'iliTmetl, he llvcil comtortalily enough : When he law
ilic Ships at Sea, he gutflld ihcy were linglijh, and im-

mediately drefTcd two Goan, with a large Qiiantity of Cali-
bage, to entertain thcin when thry wire aftiore. It was a
double Satisladlion to him, when, on their landing, ho
not only faw they were F.nglijh^ but many of them his old
Acquaintance, purticulorly Captain Edmund Cooke, AnA Mr.
IVilliam Dampier, who were on lioard the Ship that left
him there. 'I'his Ifland they found very pieafant, as well
as plentiful, and very c«)nvrnicntly fituated for their Pur-
pole, lying no I,eiU|UM due Weft from Valparayfo, a
Port on the Spanijh Main.

5. Sailing from thence, t!»ey ftccrcd North North-eaft,
till they were oft' the Bay ot Arica \ and there the Offi-
cers of both Shi|)» held n Council of War, in order to de-
termine whether they rtiouW make an Attempt there, or
go lower down the Coaft. After much Deliberation, they
determined to fail on to Ciipe Blanco, in hopes of meeting
with the Spanijh Plate I'icct from Panama: Which fell out
to be the very worft Refulutinn they could have taken •,
for, if they had gone into the Bay of /kica, they muft have
taken a Ship with three hundred Tons of Silver on board.
As it was, thry continued their Courfe till they were in the
Latitude of 10°, where thry were obliged to take a Ship
laden with Timlier, tho' thry knew Inc was not worth
taking, to prevent tliric Itcing difcovered. They then
failed on Northwards to the Ifland of Lobos, in the Lati-
tude of 7 ", where thry put their lick Man afliore for Re-
frcflinicnt, and heeled their ^\\\\n, and fcraped them, that
thty might he the litter for Action, fur which they were
very eager, their Hrovifiom growinp; very low, which was
anoiherCircumftance that made their Prifoners troublefome
to them, having more of their own People to feed, than they
knew how to provide lor. After much Confultation, they
rcfolved to attempt TruxHlo, in the Latitude of 8°, and
about ten Miles from the Coall, where there was a Proba-
bility of their g.iinjng a conlidcraMc Booty. At the Time
they undertook to do this, they had not, in boch Sliips,
above too Men able to carry Anns \ but the next Day, as
they were weighing their Aik liors, they faw three Ships
under Sail, which Captain Eaion chafed and took •, they
were laden with Flour, I'Vuit, and Sweetmeats, which
made them very agreeable Prizes, notwithttanding they
had put on fliore 800,000 Pieces of Eight, on their hav-
ing Intelligence, that there were Enemies in thofe Seas.

6. The making thcic I'lizrs rendered anodier Council of
War neceflary, in order to tonlidcr how to difpofe of them ;
in which, niter much Difpute, it was judged moft expedi-
ent to feek t)ut Ibmc Place of Safety, where the beft Part
of the Provilions they had lately taken might be (ecurely
laid up : And this Point again aHording room for a fecond
Debate, the KVuc of thai was, that they ftiould fail to the
Gallapagos Irtanils, which, as wr have obferved in a former
Voyage, the DHt(h were not able to hnd. On May 19.
they failed from the Iflanil of Lobos, and, after three
Weeks Sail, fell in with the Iflands they fought. The firft
they met with lay in 1' 30 .South Latitude \ and this Cap-
tain Cowley calletl King Charles' t Ifland s and he likewife
named many more of them, particularly one after Sir An-
lony Dean, who w,i« a Commiflioner of the Navyj another
under the Equiiioiitial, the Duke cf Norfolk's Ifland; and
fevcral licyond it, They came to an Anchor in a very
good Bay, lying towards the North End of a (ine Ifland,
which he called the Duke of Fork's (/land. Mere they met
with a great Qiiantity of I'rovifions, efpccially Sea and
Land Tortoifcs, fonw of the latter weighing two hundred
Weight I which is nnit h Ivyond the ordinary Size. There
was likcwifc Abunilanre of rowls, efpccially Turtle-doves,
with Wood and Water in tUt Duke of Fork's Ifland, that
were excellent i but in none of the reft. Beyond the Line
they difcovered hive lllands: That nrarcft the Line, to the
Eall, they called Kiires^nd\ nnother fmall lllaiut, to the
Weft <»f it, they called Hindlos's Ifland; a much larger
Ifland, rtill to the Weft, they ( ailed the /•;.;»/ of Mington's
ffland\ the other two, lying Noith well, they called Lord
H'enman's and Lord Culpepper's 0ands. Thry Lmded in
the Duke of Fork's Ifland fioo Hags ot llour, a large
Qiiantity ol Swtetnunti, aiul other Provifions, that they
might have recourle to them, in calr ot Nciefllty j and,
remained there about a J'ortniglit, during which Time
they put their Coiumanilcr Capt.iiii 'John Covke, who was in

a very

The V OY AGES of

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m ■■■■:

^il Ir^t

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a very iJccllniog ^taie of Health, on (\\otc : After which,
they determir J to return again to the Ameruan Cotds,
chiefly pcrfuoded thereto by one ut their Prilbncrs, a Na-
tive uf RMltjtf who aflurevJ them the Inhabiunti were pcr-
t'eflly fciure, and that the Place might be eaflly aken.
Upon iha Information, they fleered North North-eaft \
and the tirft Land they tiiadc, npon the Main, was Cape
TrtfftHlaj, whire, coming to an Anchor, they fent their
Boat on ihore, to look for Water \ and, on the Eaft Coail
sf the Bay, they found Ibme, that was very good. Ai foon
at they were in Sight of Land, their Commander Capuin
J$kit C$tit died i and, going aihore to bury him, three
Sfam/h IiuU4tu came down to fee who they were, and were
ukcn, and carried on board. Some ftnall Time after, fend-
ing thtir Boat on fhorc again, to try if it was pofTible to get
looK Ca'tic, the Sptnisrds, while the Men were hunting,
burnt tlicir Boat, and lay in Ambuth to take them when
ihcy came lack. In tliis Diflrcfs, they had Kecourie to a
very fleep Rock not tar from the Shore \ which, with fome
UitficuWy, they gained, and there they continued, till the
iihip (ent another Boat, with twenty Men, to fetch them
olf. The three Indians they earned aboard, with Ropes
about their Necks ; but, as they led them, one found a
a Way to get hw Neck out of the Collar, and made his
tlcapc. It was now thought unncccfTary to keep the refl
gf the Prifbners, and fo they gave them Leave to fhift for
themfclves \ and then bore away for Kealtje, where when
they arrived, and m.ui' tome Prifoners, they found the
Country lu alai-mctl by th( Indian, that hjd made his F.fcapt*
from them, that it was im)x)(riblc tu do any thing ; and
tlicretorc they returiKil very dilconlblate to their Ship.

7. Attcr this Dilappoimment, they rcfolved to fail for
the Gulph ul St. MubtuU callcti alio the Gulph of ,-hmi-
fdlUt at the Mouth of which there art two very confider-
ablc Illands, the one called Mangtra., the other Amtftll* -,
both whach they |wiri.ilcd theml'elves of. And here fome
Oifputcs arifing bcrwcen Captain Davii, who fuccccded
Captain Ceokt in his Command, and Captain EattH, they
rcfolved to feparate, tho' it was certainly for the Intereft of
both to keep roeether. It was, however, judged rcquifite
Co careen their Ships -, for doing which this Place afforded all
imaginable Convcnicncirs The Indutm alto, thu' tlxy had
been lil uled l»y Ca|>tatn Davts'i Men, who fired upon them
without any jull Caufc, were reconciled, and became very
ul'eful, carrying them over to an Ifland, where there was
Plenty of wild Cows 4 which enabled them to ftock their
Vcflcn with Beef. I'his being done, and both Ships in a
Condition to put to vSea, Caurain Eaton took on board his
Veifcl four hundrwi Sacksot Flour, and prepared to quit the
Coafl, having fird agreed with Capoin Ctwlty to quit the
Ship he wu in, and to fail with him in C^ity of Mafler,
obliging himfell to navigate the Ship to any Place or Port
Captain £d/M fhould dircd. From thti Period of I'imr,
therefore, the Vuyages of Ctmlej and Dampitr ceafe to be
die fame \ wliich wa* tiic Reafon that I thought it neceflary
to take in both, tiic rather bcraufe (uch as have treated of
Circtun-navigations have purfucd this Method \ and I have
no Inclination to be lingular, but to affbrd my Keaden all
that they can reatonably exptS m a Work of this Kind, in
which, I hop>'. I have hitlKno iucceedcd. But to proceed
to Captain Crxlt/i N'oyage in his new Ship, and with his
new Captain :

8. It was alxHit the Middle ufJngnft when they left the
Bay of St. Mnbael, and fleered for Cape Frantifio, which
lies iM the l^tituiie of i* North -, in the Neighbourhood of
whithCape tlicy mc with fuch dreadful Storms, attended
with fuch violent Thunder and Lightning, as they never
law in any other Place. From thence they proceeded into
the Latitude of 7" •, but, finding the Country every- where
alarmed, they thouj^ht lit to bear away for Pmia, which is
but in 5% where they ttK<k two Ships at Anchor ; which
the Spaniards refufinj; to ranlom. Captain Eaton ordered
ifwm ti» be burnt. 1 hen, taking Leave of the Coaft, he
failed for tlic Ifland of Gorgena, whkh the Privateers gene-
rally tall Sbarpt's Ifland. It lies in the latitude of :j" 1 5',
at tlir UilUiite of about four Leagues from the Main It
is m Length two I /agues, and in Breadth one. On the
Well Suic of the Ifland there is a good Harbour i and, tlw'
the PiAtc be uni;ihabircd, yc: it affords Wood and Water

in Alnindancf , The common Notion in the jytjl Indifs is,
that it rains often in Chili, d-ldom in Ptrti, biit always in
the Ifland of Gergena, where, they fay, there never was a
fair Day known t but, tho' this is not to be flriifll/ aken,
yet all, who are acquainted with thb Ifland, agree, that it
rains more or lefs in all Seafons here t which is probably the
Reafon, that, notwiihftamling its convenient Situation, it
has always remained uninhabited. They failed from thcncr,
and kept a Weft North-weft Courfe, till they arrived in the
LatituJe of 1 a* North , ■'nd then they fteered Weft, as
low a the Rocks of St. B%. bolnuw. I'hcy then got into
the latitude of t<;% till they thought themf'elves out of
Danger from thofc or any other Ruckji \ after which they
returned into the Latitude of 13", in whkh they continued
their Voyage tor the Eaft Indio.

9. They had the Trade-wind from the Time they wti-e
in the I.atitude of 10", and a rcafonable griod PafTage, ex-
cept that the Men were, generally fpcaking, fiik of the
Scurvy, to the 14th of March, when tlicy faw the Ifland
of Guam or Guana, which bore Weft from them \ and had
an Obfeivation the fame Day, by which ilvy found them-
fclves in the Latitude of 13" i': And, according to Cap-
tain Omlty'i Journal, this was a prodiguus Run \ for he
fays that, according to his Computation, it was 7646
Miles ; that is to lay, dep.irted fb many Miles from Ger-
tenia, by Lofs made out in ixingitudc, which is about 2549
1 /-agues. The next [Aiy, which was Sunday, March 15.
they fiukrd about the South-weft Part of the Ifland, and at
length came to an Anchor in the Bay, which is on the Weft,
and fent a Boat aihore, with a Flag of Truce \ bur, when
they came near the Villa5?e, they were very much tur^nilcd
to find the Inhabinnts had fet Fin: to their Houfcs, and were
run away. The Boat's Crew cut down fome Coct»-trce5,
and, having gathered their Fruit, were coming on boorJ,
when a Paity of Indians fallied from behind fome Bufhes,
as it they intended to have attacke<< them \ but, upon fit-
ting up the Flag of Truce, they yrdereil one of their People
to peel a Wand, that it might appear white-, anv then they
conferred in a friendly Manner together. This gotd Cor-
refpondence continucil, with a free Trailc on both Sides, t >
the i7tl», when tlic Indians, wirhout tlr..- Icaft Provocation,
attacked the tnflijb luiidenly v who, defending themfelvcs
with their Fire-arm*, killed fome, wounded many, aiiJ
efcaped without Flurt themfclves.

10. On the 19th, the 6'^«ti/2f Governor of the Ifland <(
Guam came down to a Point of Land not far from the Shi) ,
and fent his Boat aboard with three Copies of the tair.^-
Letter in Spam/h, Frtnch, and Dwcb, fignifying, that, *i
an Officer oi the King of Spain, he dcfired to know, who
they were, whence they came, and whither they were boiiiu!.
Captain Eat$» wrote the Governor a very civil Anfwer m
French, in which he tokl him, that they were fitted out I7
fome Gentlemen in Franci to make Difcoveries i and t i. it
he came thither for the fake of Provifions. The Mefllni;ir
no fooner delivered this I^ner, than he was difi^itched Ixk k
with another Luiftlc, alfuring the Captain, that he was very
welcome, and dcfiring him to come afhoro, and confer wiih
the Governor. This Inviution was accordingly acceptor.
Captain Eaton landing with a Guard of twenty Men doublc-
arm«»l. As foon as he fet Foot on fhore, the Spanijb (in-
vcmor faluted him with a general Difcharge of his Fii\-
arms ; to whkh Ca{)tain Eaton antwered, by firing ten
(juns. The Conference was nunaged with great Canilour
and Civility on both Siiies. Captain hutten rxcufed himft'i
fur killing the Indians, by afluring the Governor, that 1) <
People did it in their own Dcf -nee. To whi< h the Gover-
nor anfwered, that he readily believed it, the Indians Ikh:;',
abafe, treacherous and bloody People \ fb that he could n' '
do him a greater PkatUre, than to lull them all. At part;:\!'.
the Governor promifed iiim all the Accommodations tix-
Country could afford \ and pcrtoriiKd this Prumifc with t!: -
highcll Honour. On tlie i !ith at Noon, a Captair> ''atiie < a
board from the Governor, and brought with him ten 1 lu(;!>, 1
prodigious '.Quantity of Potatoes, Planiains,Orangcs, I'a) 1 .
and red Pepper. In Return for all thu, Capt-mi Eatr.n in t
the Governor a Diamond Ring worth twenty Pouiid>>i a' ■
prefrnted each of the (jciitlcmrn, who attnuic.i tiic C.ij
tain, with a Sword. 'Ilir next Day, thr (iov.'mor 1 :'
anotlu r t.iptain, w ith two F < tL-lt.Ulii'., to defire tiic I u\ '•>•■'•

,H -IK

Chap I.

Captain C o \sr i. £ y.

of the Englifl) CommamJer to fpare him fome Powder, the
Indians being then in Relx-llion, and he about to employ all
hij Force, in order to reduce them. Captain £4/e>i enter-
tained thefe Meflcngen very elegantly, iparcd them four
Barrels of Powder, and offered theni four fmall Pieces of
Cannon. They accepted of the former, and thanked the
Captain for the Offer of the latter \ which, however, thev
declined, and, at the fame time, prefented a Box, in which
was to the Value of 1400 Pieces of Lisht in Gold and Sil-
ver, drfiring him to take whatever he thought fitv but the
Captain abtolutely refufed to ukc a Farthing-, and io they
< arried their Box on (horc again. But, the next Morning,
the Governor fcnt the Captain a Diamond Ring worth fifty
Fountls. On the ipth, they fent out their Boat to cruife \
and they forced an Indian Canoe on fliore, which her Crew
quitted, and they kept to land their Men in. On the 2 2d,
there came a new Deputation from the Governor, with a
Frtncb Jefuit at the Head of it, who brought them Cocoa-
nuts, Poutocs, and a confiderable Quantity of Chocolate, a
Silver Pot to make it in, and half a Dozen China Difhcs.
Thefe People uught the Englijb Sailors how to make a
pleabnt kind of Milk, by fcraping the inner Shell of the
Cocoa-nut, which not only gives Water the Colour, but
alfo a very fweet agreeable Tafte, very little, if at all, infe-
rior to Milk. The Governor fent them thenceforward
every Day fome kind of Provifion or other; while Captain
Cowley, doubling whether he (hould meet with the like Con-
veniencies elfewnerc, refolved to heel and fcrapc his Ship ;
which he performed with great Eafe, by the AfTiftance of
the Indians, as well as the Spaniards. Towards the luid
of the Month of March, when it was vifible, that the Ship
would not remain long in the Road, the Governor fcnt them
for their Sea Stores thirty Hogs, with a proportionable
Quantity of Rice and Potatoes. The Indians alfo fcemed
to have forgotten what happened at their firft Arrival i but
Captain Cowley kept it always in his Head, and never fuf-
fcred his Men to (lir, on any Pretence, without Arms -,
which Precaution of his faved upwards of twenty of them,
whom the Indians had invited to go a filhing with them -,
and, when they faw one half of them on fliore to draw the
Net, they attempted to feize thofc that were kit in the
Boat : But they paid dearly for it, receiving a general Dif-
chargc of the fmall Arms, both from thofe in the Boat, and
thofc on Land -, fo that few or none cfcaped of them, that
were concerned in this Projeft. But, before Captain Eaton
failed, they played off a Stratagem ot another Kind : They
fent two Indians, who were Natives of Manilla, on board,
to fell Rice and Fruits, who, alter fome Converfation with
the Captain, told him the State of their Affairs i that they
had taken Arms ^ainft the Governor 1 and that the belt
Part of the Indians were retired from Guam to another
Ifland not far off-, that they were determined never to fub-
mit ihemfelves to the Spaniards -, and that, if he would
afTift them, it would be very eafy to reduce the Idand ;
that, for their Parts, they delired nothing but Freedom as
the Reward of their AfTiftance ; and that the Englijb might
reap a prodigious Benefit from this Expedition, fincc the
Spaniards were immcni'cly rich. But the Captain treateil
the 1' opofal as it deferved, with the higheft Indignation ;
and thenceforwaril admitted but two or diree of the Indians
at a time to come on board. On /Ipril i. they failed from
the Bay, and anchored before the Fort, the Place of the
Governor's Habitation \ which they faluted with three Guns,
and were anfwcred by the fame Number. On the 3d, the
Governor fent his Captain, with a Prefent, to take his Leave
of Captain E,aton, and to teftify his Senfe of the Honour
and Generofity, with which he had behaved towards hmi.
In the Afternoon they failed with a fair Wind, ftcering South
by Weft.

1 1 . The Ifland of Iguana, Cttana, or Guan, is in the La-
titude cf 13* 30' North, and is about fourteen Leagues in
L,ength, and about fix in Breadth. The Valleys are very
plcaunt. It is interfperf-'d with fine fruitful Meadows,
plentifully watered by many Rivulets from the Hills. The
Soil in thefe Valleys is black, and very rich, producing
Plenty of Cocoas, Potatoes, Yams, Papas, Plantains, Mo-
nanoes. Sour-fops, Oranges and Lemons, and fome Ho-
ney. The Climate is very hot -, but, by means of the con-
ftant Trade-wind, is, notwithftanding that, very wholfomc.

NVMB. 6.

The Indian Inhabitants arc very laige, wrll nude, a(fHve,
and vigorous, Ibme of tlum being Icven Fwt and an half
high. Mofl of them go flark-naked, both Men and Wo-
men. They never bury their Dead -, but let them lie in
the Sun to putrefy and rot. They havi- no Arms but Lances
and Slings. The lliarp Fi.d of their L.anccs are ni.ide with
dead Mens Bones ; for, upon the Dcceafe of a Pirfon, his
Bones make eight Lances.ofhis I ATg-bones two, of hisThighs
as many, and his Arms afford four j which being cut like
a Scoop, and jagged like the Teeth of a Saw, or Eel-lpcar,
if a Man hajjjieiis to be wounded with oi\e of them, ami be
not cured in icven Days, he is a dead Man. " We took,
" fays Captain Cowley, four of thofe Infidels Prifbners, and
" brought them on board, binding their Hands behind
" them -, but they had not been long there, before tiiree of
" them leaped overboard into the Sea, fwimming away
" from the Ship with their Hands tied behind them. How-
*' ever, we fent the Boat after them, and found a ftrong
•• Man, at the firft Blow, could not penetrate their Skins
" with a Cutlafs. One of them had received, in my Judg-
" ment, forty Shots in his Body before he died ; and the
" laft of the three that was killed, had fwam a good Eng-
" lijh Mile firft, not only with his Hands behind him, as
" before, but alfo with his Arms pinioned." It is certain,
that the great Manilla Ship, that goes annually from thence
to Aapii.'iO, touches there for Refrefhments, botii going
and coming •, antl the Indians ftand in great Dread of her.
They reported, that tliey had fometimes eight Siiips in a
Year from the Eajl Indies. The Spaniards, who were on
board Captain Eaton, faid, that, in 1684, they had builc
in that Illand a Ship of 160 Ton, to trade to Manilla j
and they likewife lold him, that the Spaniflj Garilbnconfill-
ed, at that time, of 600 Men -, and tliat the Indian Inhabit-
ants were moft of them in Rebt llion. Captain Cooke, wlio was
here in 1710, finds great Fault with Captain Cou'ley's Dc-
fcription of this Ifland, which, he is pleafcd to fay, is falfe j
but, I apprehend, without any juft Grounds. He mentions
but two Inftances : The firft is as to the Length of the
IHand, which he affirms to be but ten Leagues ; whereas
Captain Co'vley fays it is fourteen : But, as both fpeak by
Conjeifturc, I cannot fay which is in the right -, but Cap-
tain If^oodes Rogers, under whofe Command Cocke made the
Voyage, and who was, to the full, as accurate a Writer,
fiies the Circumference at forty Leagues ; which, confider-
ing the Shape of the Ifland, agrees very well with what
Captain Cowley fays. The otlier Miftake he charges him
with, is as to the Number of the Garifon, which, when
Cooke was there, did not :ceed 100 Men. In order to
make out this Miftake ' . afTerts a direft Falfliood -, for he
fays, that Captain Cowley makes it 600 Men ; whereas
Captain Cowley only fays, the Spaniards told him fo -, and
feems to doubt it. In other Circumftanccs they agree tole-
rably well.

12. On April .^. they failed Weft by South, and, the
Day after. Weft, when they reckoned their Diftance from
that Ifland 206 Milts. From that time they kept no cer-
tain Account, liecaufe of Calms, till they came into 2o<'
30' North L,atitude, where they fell in with a Clufter of
iflands to the Northward of Luccnia, which is the biggeft
of the Philippines. The 23d, they met with a very ftrong
Current, like the Race of Portland, at the Diftance, as diey
computet!, from Guam of 560 Leagues. On the Northcr-
moft of thefe Iflands they fent their Boat afliore, to get
fome Fifh, and to difcover the Ifland, on which they found
vaft Plenty of Nutmegs growing -, but faw no People,
and, as Night was drawing on, they durft not venture far
within Land. This Ifland they called Nutmeg Ifland, and
the Bay, in which they anchored, Englijb Bay. Thty ob-
ferved alfo Abundance of Rocks, Sands, and foul Ground
near the Shore, and faw a great many Goats upon tlie
Ifland ; but brought very few on board. After tiu y got
through thefe Streights, they continued their Courfe Soutli-
wcft for Luconia. April 26. they were ofl" Cape Biy.ukrc,
and, foon after, came up with Cape Mindato, where they
met with a South-weft Monfoon, which made them ftet r
North-weft for Canton in China, where they arrived fafely,
and fitted tiicir Ship. They had an Opprtunity here of
making themfeives as rich as they couKi defire ■, but tliey
would not embrace it. There came into this Port thirteen

Y Sad

The V O Y A G E S of

Book I.

1 1

lit

?■"'

m \ iilli

Sail ot'H.'rMr VciViIs, laJcn with Ct/wz/c PKiikIct, conM-
ingol tlic richcft Goals in tin- Kafi Inditu But thi« would
not tempt Captain Euion's Mm , thiy win- lor nothing but
(lolil anil Silver, and loiild not Ixar tiu- 'Ihoin^lu* of bfing
Pcdlcrsj neither could thnr Commandrr, by tair Words
or foul, prevail upon them to alter their Refolution, which
was not to tight for Silks. The rartan thrrt lore quietlv
inirfued tiieir Atfairs at Cantcn, without havinp, the Iraft
Knowledge of their Uannr. When they h.ul put their Ship
in the bell Condition pofTible, th.*y ci>niinurd their Voyage
Ironi Ctinlcn to the City ot Muni'.ij m the Illand of Luco-
nij, in order to wait there for a Tartar Ship, whiih, accord-
ing to tin ir Intbrnution, was half laden wiih Silver i but,
tho' they once law her, they were not olije to lomo up with
her, beiaurc (lie was a cle.ui Ship, aiul th«y .i^i loul as they
Well Lould be. They chal'cd her, however, for a whole
Day, but to no Purjxjfc ; and then ftooel away fur a fmall
Irtanii to the Noithof Luainia, to wait for a protxr Wind
to carry them to Bantam in the Idaiul ot Java. Inllead ot
one, they founil feveral Illaiids, where tlu y retrelhcd them-
felves very conveniently j and, having Information from
nn Indian of an IHand abounding with Bieves, they lent
thrir Boat thither, with thirty Men, who tcxjk, by Force,
wh.it they wanted, thou!;h the Idand was well inhal)ited.
About the Middle oi Stpttmber they failed fiom thence, and
ftcerctl South South-weft, till they c.une into the latitude
of lo*, when th:y fell in with the Bonks of PeragM, thro'
which they tailed three Days in the utmo(\ Hanger. At
length they reachcil an Ifland fomewhat to the North of
Borneo, where, finding a convenient Bay, thty hakrd their
Ship alijorc, let up a Tent, and planted ten fmall Guns for
thtir Defence, in cafe the Natives fhoulii atttck them 4 but
they, having never fcen white Men Ixlore, avoiited them
all they couk). It was not long, however, St h)rr they came
up with a Canoe, on board of which was the Queen of that
Country, with her Retinue, who all Ictjxd into the Sea to
a«'oid them. They took them up without much Difficulty,
anel entertained them aft.^rwanis lo kindly, that they were
very good Friends during the Time they flaid there, whjth
was about two Month*. .At this Time, the Spanua^di were
at Pcaic witli the Monarch who governed Borneo, arul
carried on a very advantageous Trade tiicre from the Ma-
nillas; of which Captain Eaton's People were no fooncr
informed, than they declared thcmi'clvcs Spaniards, atul
paflcd for fuch all the Tinv tliey ftaid.

I j. It was towards the I'nd of the Month of Dectmher
1685. that they l-ft this Ifland, in onler to go to a Chain
of IfLu.ds, called the Iflands ol Salurah, in +» North Latj-
ividc. Thty tlid not flay there long , but proceeded from
thence to the Illand of 'Timer, where the Crew growing ex-
tremely mutinous, paying linle or no Regard to Captain
£4W$ Orders, our Author rtfolvcil to quit the Ship, and
find fume Way or otiicr to get his PalTagc home from Ba-
la-jia. Accordingly, himfclf, one Mr. /////, and eighteen
more ot the Men, who were the fame way inclinett, jnir-
chafcd a hrgc Boar, in which they dtfigneel to have gone
to Batf.iir. . but, the Wind [woving contrary, they were
obliged to put in at Cheribcn, a Fa^ory Ivlorging to the
Dutch \x\M\ the fame IP.e oi Jara, wlurc they found th<y
lutl loft b'jth a Day in the Month, and a Day in the Wetk.
Thev mrt here with f vera! Pieces ot bad News j fuch as,
that Kinp Chirlts II. was de.ul . and th.- Dutch had deprived
th«: Lnglifi} ol tiuir Factory at Bantam, which wis the
fecor.l Place of Trade we, at that time. pofrefTeel in the
Eajl Indies -, and one can never lulTteiently wonder, that
Care was not ukcn, after the Revolution, tliat we IhouM
have It again, thr- I nh of it having Uc n extremely pre|u-
die id to our £<;,? India Company, .a% will appear in anotlicr
Plaee, wii-n we come to relate this ■'^tory at large. At prr-
ft-nt we Hull content ourftlvcs witli obfervina, that, while
taiiciin CoiLl'y w.i5 herr, the Dutib were forming other
.Schemes to the i'rrjudite of our Iraiie ; whereupon Cap
tain Grx.'o', Mr. //;//, and a ilurd l*er(on, rcfolvcd to make
all tlie I lalle they could to Balavia, that they might not be
involved 1:1 any Difputes. Th<y got, with little Trouble,
their RifTag" to Balaita, whore they were very kindly re-
ceive d by the Uwrf* Governor fJiicral, whoptomifed them
thtir PalCigc home in x. Duub Ship ■, which he afterwards
com^'licd with : But tJitrt be mg, at that time, about twenty

Englijhmtn at Balavia, they purch-^fcd a Sloop, with whieh
:hey intended to have gone lo Silltbar, an F.niU/b Fai'l.iry
on the Coaft of Sumatra \ but fo tar were the Dutch fnmi
permitting of this, that they took the Sloop from tluni,

Kying, however, what it coft i and put the Dutchmnn -i
iltMi, who fold it. To juftify this, they made ule ot
many Pretences i but the true Kealon w.is, that ihey !u,|
formed a Defign upon Stilibar, whii h tho' tlK7 were top ,;
to poftjwne, yet they were unwilling to kt People g-i tlu-
ther, for fear the Englifi thould prove toofirongfoi tlimi
The Scheme they intciuleil to make ufe of tor driving the
Englip) thence, was fingular enough : They had lent tl.c
King o{ Stilibar a confideral>le Sum of Money fonie Yiii,
brfore, whieh tliey now prowjled to <lem.UHl, and to oM.^
the King to pay rj\cm in Pep|xri by which A^^retiium
they would have fecured all the 1 radc in his Dominions,
and then the Engltjb muft have withilrawn tlicir Fadory ( m
courle. Hut, jull as they were fitting out a Squadf<,;i, „
order to have put this Defign in I'.xtcution, a War lirolvc
out with the Fmjxnir of Java •, which divcrteil the Siorm
for that Time, betaute tluy were ubiigeil to employ tl.t.
Ships againft tlieir new I'nciny.

14. As tlicre was no other Way left of grttinghom. , b..-
in a Duleb Ship, Captain Ctrivlnr and his Friends cmbarqutvl
in Batavta Road in the licginningof March \ but it was ih
latter Fnd ol the Month before they failed, and had a vcr/
indifTercnt PalTagc to the Cape, Ixing reduced to Shot;
allowance, and even to a Pint of Water a Day. On \Li
27. their Captain ditxl i which occanoned a good deal m
Confufion : For a Council of War being called, compollc
of the Officers of the two Ships Salida and Critjman, thcr,
in it was rcfolveil, that Captain Teminall, Commander c.
the Crilfman, fhould command the Salida j and Capti ;
Tcminalti chief Mate command the Crttfrnan. The Pik
alfu of the Salida^ whole Name was Iloudin, was ordcr-x!
on board the Crttfrnan ; which he refufcd, and the Crew
of the Salida mutinied m tavwjr of their Pilot, and he r:
maincd where he was. On June 1 . they entered the Rwil
before the Cape of Good Hope. The next Day, he wtr.t
on Ihore with his Companions, and took a View of 1,1;
Dutih .Settlement there, whuh I chufe to girc the Rciltr
in his own Words, a.s a good Defcription of the Sitiutiu:
of Things at the Cape of Good Hope in the Year 16S6. anJ
fhall hereafter afTord him an Opportunity of comparing ;:
with the State of that Settlement at prcti:nt : " The To»r,
" which is iniubited by the Dutch, is but fmall, and t.'~-
'* I loufcs are Uiilt very low, by reafon that, in the Mon::.;
" of December, "January, and February, they are vilitcd L,
•' great Gales of Wind. There are not above 100 of th^;:
" Houfes in all the Town -, but they have a very llron.;
♦♦ Caftie, with about eighty good Guns mounted thcui;
" There is alfo a very f;.>acious Garden, with moft plcaiarr
•« Walks, which is mainiaine^l by the DtUch Eajl ha
•• Company, and in which are planted almoft all m.inn;r c
" Fruit-trees, and incomparablegood Herbs. ThisGar,!r.
" is about one Mile in Length, and a Furlong in Brea-ith.
•• This is the grcatefl Rarity, that I faw at the Cape; U:
«♦ it tar exec ciicd the Enjl India Company's (Jarden tha:
" at Bataiia. They have alio Abundance of very m 1
•' Sheep here v Uit very few f)lack Cattle, and not m; ■
•' Fo»;Ts. We walked, ni<»reovrr, without the fm
«* to tl'L Village tnhal)ited by the Ihiimandods (liattenlt: ,.
" to v ew their nally B<ulit5,and the Nature of their Pwt.
" ings, whi( h we found to be as foHoweth : When we (X' -'
'"■ thither, we were fcaree aMc to endure the Stench of thm;,
" and ifuir Habitations. I'hey bviilt their Houlls rounJ,
" ^ with their Fire-pUe in the Middle of them) almoll I '^■
" ti:e I luis tlut are built in Ireland by the wild Injh, t:
" People lying m the Alhrs, and having nothing wi--'-"-
•' them Imt a Shct-p fkin. The Men have but oi;>' -Sto'
" in Ap}*aran<e i whieh is very ftrangc. But the Won c
" arc more to Ik- admired, who have a Fkp of .Sk.
" t'lat mvers their Nakcdnefs •, l.ut arc fo ii^norai.t, a, !
" may fiy, brmifli, tlut they will not ftick to piolh' .
•' themlllves. or do wliat..ver elfe you would liavi, i;
*' the kail Recomjxnci: imaginable ; and of this I ani >■
" I*!ye-witnefs. 'lluir Apparel is a Shcep-fkin (as I li.'.>
" alreatly faid) over their Shoulders, with a Leathern Cj.
" upon t.'icir Heads, as lull of Grcalcas it can hold. T!>

Chap. I.

Captain C o w L e v. \

•' Ix;g$ are wouml about svith Guts of Bcafti, (from the
" Ankir to the Knees) well grcafai. The I'cople called
" the Hodmandods ( lUtientots) are horn white -, but nuke
" thcnifelvcs block with Suot, and befmcar their Bodies all
" over-, lb that, by frequent Repetition, their Skins bc-
*' cuinc ahnofl: as black as Negroes. Their Children arc
•• of a good, comely Shape, when they arc young. Tiitir
" Nolii, in Form, rcfcniblc a Negro's, When they marry,
*' the Woman cutlcth otf one Joint of her Finger i and,
•♦ il her Hufbanil die, anil fhe marry again, fhecuttcth ott*
•' iincthir Joint i and fo many Men as (he niamcth, fo
" many Joints llic lofeth. They arc People that will eat
*' any thmg tliat is foul. If the HoUaaders kill a Bealt,
" tluy will get the (juts, and fquccze the Kxcrcments out i
" anil then, ^^ ithuiit walhing or Icraping, lay them upon
" the Calls, and, before they arc well hot through, they
" will take them, and eat rhcm. li' a Slave of the Com-
" paiiy's have a mmdto have carnal Knowledge of one of
" tlicir Women, let him but give her Hulband a Bit of
" TobatCD-roll of about three Inches long, he will fetch
" her tbrthwich to the Slave, and caufe her to lie with him.
** They are Men not given to the Icaft Jealouly ; yet they
" will beat their Wives, if they lie with the Hcdmandtds
*' themlclvcs ', but they value it not for them to do it with
•« Men of anotlicr Nation. They arc Worfliippers of Dame
•' Luna \ and, wiicn they expeCt to fee the Moon, there
" will be I'houfands ot them by the Sca-ltdc dancing and
" tinging : But, it it be dark Weather, lb that the Moon
** appears not, they will lay, that dieir Goil is angry widi
*' with them \ whereas, on the contrary, when the litkl
" Luminary fliines, they will fay he is not angry. There
" happened at this lime tliat we were among them, tlut
" one of the Uodmandods {Hottentots) had drank him-
" felf dead in the lort, whither the other Hodtmmdods {Hot-
*' tenttlj) came with Oil and Milk, and put them in his
" Mouth ; but, tinding they could get no Life into him,
" they began to make Prep u^ion for his Burial, which was
•' in the following Manner : They came with Knives, antl
*' ihaved his Body, Arms, and Legs through the thick
" Skin ■, then they digged a great Hole, and let him in it
upon his Breech, clapping Stones round about him, to
keep him upright •, after came a Company of their Wo-
' " men about him, making a moll horrid Noife i then they

• *' covereil the Mouth ot the Hole, and left him in a fit-
ting Pofture." Wc need not wonder, that our Au-

• thor, having receivid fuch Ideas of tlicfc People, was
willing enough tu continue his Voyage, which we (hall
likcwife purfuc.

15, On June 15. i686. they Culed from tlie Cape of
tiC»0d Hope, with a I'mall Gale at South-weft, fix Ships
i>wciglung their Anchors at once, viz. the Salida, the Critf-
'^maH, and Emtland, for Hollaud^ and the other three for
(Batarjun they tired at parting, in drinking of Healths,
^and other Ceremonies of that fort according to the Dutch
ICuifom, upwards of 300 Guns ■, an idle and expenfivc
rPractice for fo wife and frugal a Nation. July 29. they
(were In 19° 54' South L.-ititude, at the Dillance of 914
I Miles trom the Cape -, the fame I)ay they fealtcd the Cap-
tains ot the other two Ships on board the Salida. The next
ilhy they had a very tair Wind •, and, on June 4. they
I Wire in the Latitude of 14" 15', when they thievv a Man
overboard, d tsMvc of Denmark, who died in the Night,
nd was cold and ftiff betbrc any body perciivcd it. On
the 20th of the fame Month, they were m 15^ North La-
titude i and the lame Day they held a Council of War
Itjpon their Captain : He was accufed of having hired five
IMen to murder a Man of Quality, and his Latly, with
'ome other rich Pallcngers that were on Ixjard, anti then
run away with th-; Ship. The Perfon who accufed him
*3s the Purfer, who {)xo<iuccil the Man who told him -,
nd who then denieil the Thing as pofitivcly, as he had
etorc alfirmtxl it , lb tliat the Captain was unanimoufly
cquitted. On the z n\, according to the Author's Com-
puution, he had failed quite round the terreilrial Globe,
Litting the fame Line which he did, when he departed
Torn Virginia in the Year 1683. On Aiguft 2. in the
' lorning, died Captain Tominall, of an Inliammanon in
be Bowels, having been ill but three Days. His Pilot
"fas thofcn, by the Officers, to fMOcecd him, whom, the

Crew abfolutely refufcd to obey i but, by the Perfiiafion
of the other two Captains, they were brought to better
'J'cmpcr, and accepted him for their Commander. On
Jugujl 4. they judged themfclves to be within thirty
Leaguctot the /Inbrottios(Abrolhcs) a very dangerous Shole,
or Bank of Sand, liiid down in the Maps in 1 3° North
Latitude i but our Author very much doubts, whether
there be any fuch Shole, fmce he never knew any Man
that hail fern it ; and a Pilot, who had made fixteen
Voy.iges to Brafil, aflUrcd him, there was no fucli Sand.
September 5. alwut ten at Night, they had a violent Storm,
which hail like to liave driven them on board the Critfman \
but, by good Luck, when they leaft cxpeded it, their
Ship fell titf, and the Wind happily tilling their Sails, faved
them from the Danger they were in.

1 6. On the 1 9th, about Noon, Capfciin Cowley faw Land,
which he believed to be the llland Shctta>id\ of which he
told the Dutch Captain, but he would not believe him. At
fix in the Evening, the People on board the Critfman made
a Signal of tl-eing Land, at which all the Ship's Crew of
the Saltda made a Jeft of tlieir Ca])tain, tor net believing
thofe who had better Eyes than himlelf. On the 26th,
they found themfclves in the Latitude of 53" 35 , and the
fame Day came up with two Ships, one a Dane, the other
Englijh, on boanl of whom Captain Cowley, and his Com-
panions, would willingly have gone, but the Dutch Cap-
tain would not permit them ; the Dutch Lord they had
on board afiirmtng, diat he could not anfwer it to the
States. September 28. they were before the Maes, widi
the Wind at Eaft North-ealt -, when it was Day, they faW
the Brtll Church, and Grave's Sand, and then they came
to an Anchor in ten Fathom Water, and rode there in Ex-
pectation of a Pilot to carry them into the Maes. On the
^oth, he arrived at Helvoetftuys., having been feven Months
in their Pallagc trom Batavia, From thence Captain C010'
ley travelled by Land to Rotterdam, where he found the
Ant Yacht ready to fail for Ei^land, in which he came
over as a PaiTenger, arriving lafely at Londtn OHober 12.
1686. after a tedious and troublcfotnc Voyage of three
Years, and near two Months.

17. The Spirit of Privateering upon the Spaniards^
which had been raifed and promoted by the feveral W^ars
carried on againfl that Nation by the Dutch, French, and
Englifti, was now at its fiill Height ; for the Licence given
under the Protedor Cromwell, and the unfettlcd Situation
of Things with refpert to Spain, immaliately after the Re-
ftoration, gave great Encouragement to thefe fort of Ad-
venturers, till at laft they grew fo powerful, that it was no
cafy Matter to put an End to their Depredations ; perhaps
it would have been impra^icable, if they had not been de-
ilroyed by Difcord and Difputes among themfclves. Many
Inconveniencies mult necefjiirily aril'e from the long Conti-
nuance of lb wicked a Practice -, bur, at the fame time, it
produced fome good Confequences alio -, for thete Bucca-
neers were fuch t»ld and daring Navigators, that they not
only attemtped, but performeit. Things almoft incredible,
and which, in Procels of Time, are come to be thought
as imprafticable, as they were elteemed to be before thefe
Mcnatchicvcd them : Forlnftance, the quick Marches they
niaiie by Land crofs the Ulhmus of Darien, which they
made a kind of open Road. Befides this, they found out
other PalTages from the North to the South Seas, by means
of the Rivers, which rife near the latter, and fall into the
former. Wc owe likcwife to tlicm the Palfage round
Cape Horn, without palling the Streights of le Maire,
which was tirft performed by Captain Sharpe, and after-
wartls by the Revenge, under the Direftion of our Author.
They alto difcovercd moft of the Iflands, which the SpU'
ftiarJs had but indiflFercnt Accounts of, and lay down, it
may be on purpofe, erroneoufly in their Charts, fuch as
the Gallapagos, the firll Defcription of which is that given
by our Author, encouraged by whofe Example, the Priva-
teers often vilited them afterwards. They landed likcwife
frequently in California, and, by their numerous Voyages
trom thence to the Eaft Itidies, made fome confidcrable
Difcoveries on that Side too. Thefe were not only great
Things in themfclves, and of prodigious Confequence to
the trading World, but were altb very happy in another
rcfpeft i fuicc, had it not hccn for thefe lawlcfs Adven-
turers

The VOYAGES of

Book r.

turfrt, the Priaice ofginntinttefcliilivc Charters to iraiiinR
Compaiiici, which prevailed hrrc u well as in HelUtnd, Iwil
put an KrnJ to all Dilcovene*. ami thereby extinguiihcil that
Spnt, which IS the Life and Scul o» Navigation, without
which all inant.mc IViwcr niuft fink ami decay, or at leall
be tranfportcil to «)tlier Nations, when- this kind of tir-
cumlcrihii.g Policy has not yet uken I'lacc. Tin- Nuinlxr
of Seamen bred up in thefc kind of Veflels was incrnli-
ble \ ami, as man> of them wen- dilperlrd over our Cok)-
nJen, ami fome of them rcturneil into t.uropt, the Accounts
they gave contributed to keep up a Defirc of undertaking
fomcthmg in thofe I'arts, cither by fettling Lolonirs, or
making Coix^ueHs from the Spaniards. I Icrc, in kn/^land,
(omething ot that fort fell often uiulcr the Confideration of
our Miniftry , and King If'iJIiam gave all imaginable l-n-
rouragemrnt to a Propofition thai was maile lor ellablilhiiig
an £*f/»yi Settlement on the Kiver M^ppt \ but the Af-
fair met with fo( h IVlays, and that King lound Inmk-if lb
crami^ed in all his Retolutions for the public Service, that
Cho', for Ibnv time, this was his favourite Scheme, yet
he was at lalf forced to lay it afide \ whiih alttrwarib gave
the rrmb an Opportunity of working wyniw that Flan,
which they have done with wondcrlul Imiullry, and have
received all the Helps from their Government, tliat it was
in the Power of the (jovernmcnt to give. I cannot for-
bear '^■hfcrving, upon thu CVcafwn, that it was from the
hrtm^ Buccanrerk, that Natwn received all her iaght.s
with refpeft to the Commerce of the lyift Indies i ami to
thefc People, hkewile, they owe the very bcft Settlement
they have, which is that in Hi/ptniola, the Hiftory of
which we Ihall give at large in another Place. It were, in-
deed, to be wimcd, that the Accounts we have ot thefe
Expeditions were better and more carefully written tlian
we find them •, and yet, all Things ixHifidcred, we have no
great Kealbn to cxpcift thu from fuch fort of Men. It is
one thing, to have the Skill of naviga:iiig a Ship ■, and
quite another, to be able to wntc a clear ami fatisfa^ory
Account of what luip{)cns in fuch a Voyage. The keeping
of a Sea Jourrud is a Thing reduced to a fettled Method,
and IS as much the Bufinefs of a Navigator, as the Care of
the Ship ; neither, indeed, is tt pofTible tor him to attend one,
ami neglect the uher. But the turning that Journal into an
hiftorxal Relation of the N'oyage, and the Ciicumftances
attending it, is a thing quite outot his Way, and which very
few Seamen can do without AlTiflance. In refpe^ to this,
again, variot.s Accidrnts may hapj>en •, for a Pcrfon may
have projKr Abilities tor executing another Hillory wdl,
that ma>, m>twithllanding, be altogether unfit for (xitting
Memoirs of this fort into proper Order. It is very pof-
fibic, th— a HiAoiy of this kind may be over, as well as
under-MkTitten -, and the ftorid Stile of the AfTiilant ruin the
plain honed Account of the Mariner. It was the Misfor-
tune o! our Author Captain Cowltj, that he lud not either
the publilhing of his own Journal, or the Choice oi an
AfTillar.t , nay, he was not I'o much as acquainted with the
Pefign of pub'.irtiing it i and theretore the DeflClenclc^
which appear in it arc the more cxtul'able. I have cor-

rc<5\ed feveral, rf|)ecially witlingard to Figures ( for it can-
not be imagined, tliat a Man wlio is, generally li)eakinn,
very exaif, fhould ever tall into grof* Millakes \ aiul tliei
fore, when thefc occur, they ought to be attributed to th
Tranfcnlxrof his Journal, who was, perhaps, unacqiumt' !
with the Sobjett : But, however. Captain Cttt/flr's Voya^^
has a great deal of Merit : I' is written with the gn-,t,i>
Honefly and Freedom, tliat 1 have ever met with in a W(,rk
of this kind. He never difli;ii)bk-s the LVIign in wliitlil,.
was einlurkcxi \ Init faulv owns, that they intemlrd tu t.ik.
the Ships ot any Nation they were abk: to inaftir \ and, it ,•
had not tieen for his Account, we (huuld never have knowM
how the Kevtngf, which originally carried eight, or at nioO
eighteen (>uns. came afterwards to carry forty i but lie ct

Clams the Myllery, by Dicwing us, that the finall Sl,i|j
el|>ed them to tlie great one. His Account alfo f i!
CtiUspages lllands, is alio very accurate in every refpedt , . •
tho' Dampur has given us a much larger, and more cir
cumllantial. Relation of this Part of iTie Voyage, yet h.-
comes very (hort of hini in this Partkiilar. His Oblr
vatKins, as to the Deligns of the Dutch at that Jundurr,
are very judicious, ami difcover a great Share ot jhjII.,:
Spirit, which » the moll laudable Quality in every Wntr.
I cannot help thinking, that it would be of great Bencti:
to the Public, if we had a fair and impartial Hiftory o!
our l)il(Hites with the Dutch in regard to Trade, with j
clear Account of what each Nation has gained from t!/
other ; tor, as, on the one hami, it is ceruin, that fomcct
the Writers, in the Reign ot King Cbarltt II. carried thnr
Rancor againft the Dutch too far, and charged them mt'i
many l°hin(p, of which they were not guiky \ kj, on i*^
other hand, fome People have extenuatni I'hings too in.,(..'
fince, and have thereby rendered the Nation blind to he
own IntercA. In the Prolecution of thu Work, I niil
do my utmoft tlndeavour to fet fuch Points, as (hall Ui
in my Way, in a fair Light \ but dill, I do not think t;i:s
would render fuch a Work as I iiint unncccfllary. Our TraJc
is (Hir great national Concern \ and we never c^n have ::
too fully ciplained, or too minutely treated ; tor thotgli
tite TratTick ot (vivate Pertuns may fuflfer from too tree 11
Examination, yet it u uthcrwiil: with the Commerce ot 1
great Peopkr : The more that is fifted and inquired intiv
the better, as appears in the prtkular Cafe ot IntcrrI) c
Money, which, till it was thoroughly handleil, and all t':
Quellions that arofc about it freely ami frequently dcbair;
was never perfeAly umkrdood, to the great Difcuurigr-
ment of Trade, and cxir infinite Lot's as a Ptople. but
let us ^t prefent return to the Thread of our Uillourlr,
and take a View of Captain Dtmpitr'i Obicrvatkuis, a
well in that Part ot the Voyage he made together widi
air Author Ctwity, as in the Remainder of it, after Op-
tain Dmit quitted CapUin ii/M, a.-id Mr. Dampitr qmiri
Davit, and puriiied his Voyage Home the bell Way h:
could. Thefc Voyages have, indeed, been publilhed be-
fore ■. but they appear, for the firtl time, in their namril
Order, and purged from a Multitude of Errors, by whic.':
an unwary Readier might have been cafily milled.

, . SECTION XIII. w

Captain Wii ham Dy:A?\fKs Jir^ Voyage round the IVorld^ coUeBcd from his ffwn /Iccour.t. I

I. The Method ohfirvedin digc fling tbii Account, i. j1 concife Iltjlory of Qiptain Dampicr, and I'it M
i-enfum, to tl\- 'Time of hn R,-turn to England, after bis Jecond Expedition to the Hay of Camj^ieatli^ j
3. Hiifeccnd I'oyage to America, and hit Exploits with the Buccaneers from 1679 to 168 1. 4. l'""''
mation of bis Mventures, to tbe Time of bis undertaking tbis t'ovage, Auguft jj. 1683. f. Dejiriptm I
of the Ijland of '^Al, and its Inhabitants, b. Account of tbe Jjland of St. Nkolns, and of tbe Trctii I-"'
of Captain Bond to its Inbabttants. 7. Arrive at tbe Scbaldinc Iflands. 8. Pafs into the Cape oj <; -

. llo^ round the South Seat. 9. Anchor before tbe I/land cj jumFctmndcz. 10. Ample Defcript:>:
that J /land. 11. Ob/enations on the ff'eatber in the Pacific Sea. i j. De/iription of tbe Ijland of I.' '
13. Three Spanilli Prizes taken. 14,. Account oj their Stay at the Oallapgoi Itlands. 1 f. A 7>^,'
Jion concerning the feveral Kinds of Tortotfet. '16. Return to tbe Continent, ubere they find //vw/..
di/covered bs tbe Spaniards. 17. Are obliged to lay afide their Dejign upon Rio Ixja. 18. Dejcnf::.-
oj the Gulpb and IJlandt ©/"Amapalla. 19. Tranfa^ions there, and their Separation from Captain l-ii 1
20. Accouot of tbe JJland of VUtc, and its Inhabitants, ji. Precautions taken by the Spin'utds to prr:-

. their Landing. 22. fun with Captain Swan and Captain Harris. 13. Account of the Toun oJ Vi''-'

Chap. I. Captain William Damim

b: R.

gnd th* BuiUi'ngi in Peru. 14. Defcripdon of Jh^trul Kindi of Bari-h^t, nnd tbfir Ufn, jy. Theif
Procftding^ til! tht-y reach the IJlandt of St. CUra. 26. Dejcription of fde 'Town 0/ CJiii.iqui!. 27. Mif-
carry in an Attemj>t on that Place. 28. Dejcription of the Bay e/ P.in.imii. 29. Account of the adja.
cent Coajl. 30, ibe Ifland of Ctor^ona. de/cribed. ^I. Ohfervatiom on I'.mama, and the Conn fry nhoiit
it, 32. The Courfe 0/ //»<• Spanilli PLttt- Flfct defer ibed. 33. 'Ihit Dcf'tiif>tion continued. 34. TLy
meet with a confidcrabU Body of Privateers. 35. Defcription of the Cm/I near Cape Lorenzo. 36. TU-ir
Adventurti on that Coafl. 37. Tbeir Engagement ivith the .Spnill* Pleet. 3H. Defcription ofilie IJlandt
c/ Quibo. 39. Malte various Attempts, and meet with continual Di/.fpoiitfments. 40. 'Tliey attack and
become Majlers of the City o/Lcon. 41. Further Account of their 'Tranfailions to the Separation of the
Fleet. 42. Attempt GuiUmiU, and are retfulfied. 43. Pro/ecution of their Toyagc towards the North.
44. The City and Port of Acapuico, and other Places on that Coaft, defer ibed. 4^. Continuation of their
Torage to the I/lands o/Chamctly. 46. \iifcarry in their Defi^n on the Manilla Ship. 47, Arrive at
the IJIandf br fore -mentioned. 48. Some Account of Callifornia, jwJNtw Mcxito. 49. Sail for theEail
Inilies, and arrive at the PW\\\[)[>\ne Ifiands. fo. Defcription oj tijofe IJlandi, and of tleir TranjaiJiont
there, fi. Other IJJands, and their Inhabitants, defcribed. J2. Their Difioveries in theje Parts-, the
Names bejlowed by them upon fever al Iflands, -with a Defer iptior. of thofe Iflunds, and an A count of their
Inhabitants, f3. The IJlands of Cclcba, Boutun, and other Places, defcribed. 54. Copious Account of
that Part of the Southern Continent, difitnguijled by the Name 0/ New Holland, ff. Our Author quits
the Ship at Nicobar. 56. Brief Account oJ his three Tears Stay in the Fill Imlics. 57. He embar^ties
for, and returns JaJ'e to En^hiul, arriving in the ThAn\cs,ScpH:inbi:t 16. 1691.

THE Obfcrvations heretofore tn.iiic, with refpcft
to the Difficulty ot compiling Voyages, and the
Cautet of thole Imi't rtedlinns that are ufually
difcemeri in them, cannot bo better iihiftratcci, than by the
fubfcquent Account of his own Difcovt ries by Captain Dam-
pier, one of the greateft Navigators of late Year«, that this
Nation has ro botll. His Character has been varioufly rt-
prefrnteti, according to the different Notions entertained
of him by Men who were guided rather by their particular
Prejudices or Frepoffeflions, than hy 1 ,ovc of Truth, or
Refpeft to Juftice. This was, in fome meafure, owing tu
the great Difadvanrages, under which his Works were
puhhfhed : They came out at fcvcral times, without Order,
narfhly written, ohfcure in lome Places, prolix in others,
■nd rrnr-where full of Promifcs of giving the World fur-
ther an' " better Accounts, which naturally funk the Credit of
what he was then giving ; bur, with all thefc Difadvan-
tages, the Voyages of Captain Dampier will be always
thought ufeful and cntertainin' I have taken all the Carc
I could to improve them in ► oth rcfpeds •, and, I prefumc,
the Reailcr will finil, that they are much clearer, and more
intelligible, as they Ifund here, than they can be found clfc-
where, and that for thcle Re.ifbns: I have, in the firft
Place, digeftcd his fevcral Relations into their proper Order
of Time, which renders them perfedtly well connefted,
and contributes not a little to their being better underltood.
By taking this McthotI, 1 have had the Opportunity of
pruning away many unnecefTary Digrefrions,and needlefs Re-
petitions, which, without Doubt, the Author himfclt woultl
nave done, if he had rcvifed his own Writings, and reduced
them into a juft Series, of which thar he had fome Notion,
appears from fevcral of his Prefaces and Dedications. Thus
much as to the rendering his Voyages the more ufeful ; and,
that ihcy might fbll rem.iin as entertaining as ever, I have
rli'ifen to retain his own Manner of Writing, except in the
fiililtquent Introtluftion, where I projwle to give the Reader
a roncif'c Account of this extraordinary Pcrfon from his
own Works, previous to thofe Voyages, that intitlc him
to a Vltcr in mine, as a very eminent Circum-r.avigator,
and one, whole many Difrovcrics ought to recommend his
Memory to Poftcrity, as a Man of infinite Induftry, and
of a very laudable public Spirit.

2. Captain fFilliam Dampier was dcTccndcd from a very
reputable Family in Somerfetjhire, where he was born in the
Year 1652 -, and, during; the Life-time of his l-'ather and
Mother, had fuch an Education, as was thought requifitc
to fit him for a Trade ; but, lofing both his Parents while
he was very young, tliofe, who had the Care of him after-
wards, finding him of a roving Dilpofitiun, and fkrongly
inclined to go to Sea, refolved to comply with his Humour
in this re(()e(?k ; and, about the Year 1669, bound him to
a Mafler of a Ship, who lived at IVeymouth in Dorfetjhire,
With whom he made a Voyage to France the fame Year,
and, in tlie next, went to Newfound'and ; but was fo pinch-
ed by the Seventy of that Climate, that, on his Rctum, he
Went home to his Friends in the Country, having loft much
Numb. 6.

of that Fagerncfs, with which he h.ad been pofTcfVal for
going to vSea. This, htwiver, foon returned, on his hear-
ing of an outward-bound h.njl India Ship, wliich was fjKid-
ily to (ail from the I'ort of London ; and thereupon, in the
latter End of tl Year 1670, he came i-p to Town, and
entered himfclf L.tfore the Mali on board the John and
Martha of London, Captain Earning Commander, with
whom he made a Voyage to Bantam in the Ifland of Java.,
and back ; by which he acquired a great deal of Experience.
He returned into England in January 1672, and retired to
his Brother's Houfe in Somerfetjhire, where he ft liil all the
next Summer. In 167;^, he entered himf^ If on board the
Royal Prince, commanded by the famous Sir Edward
Spragge, and was in two Engagements againft the Dutch
that Summer ; but, falling tick, was put on Iward an Ho-
fpital-fhip a Day or two before the laft Engagement, in
which that brave Englijh Seaman was killed, and which
Mr. Dampier faw only at a Diftancc. After this, he went
down again to his Brother's in Somerfetjhire, where, meet-
ing with one Colonel Hellicr, who had a large Ellatc in
Jamaica, he was pcrfuaded by him to go over to that Ifland,
where he was to be employed in the Management of it.
With this View, he failed from the River Thames in the
Spring of the Year 1674, and refided fomewhat more than
a Year at Jamaica-, where, not liking the Life of a Planter,
he, af the Perfuafion of one Captain Hoilfell, engaged
himfllf among the Logwood- cutters, and embarqucd in
/higuji 1675 for Campeachy, where he refided for fbme time,
and followed that Employment diligently, tho' he under-
went many and great Harddiips, before he had an Oppor-
tunity of returning to Jamaica, which he did in the End of
the Year. In the February following, he embarqucd again
for Campeachy, being now better provideii for the Trade of
Logwood-cutter than before. He continued here a good
while, .and .acquainted himfelf pertedlly with tiie Manmrof
cutting Logwood, ami trading in it -, which enabled him
to form fome Projecis for advancing his Fortune : This,
however, made it necetrary tor him to return firfl to Ja-
maica, and then to England, wiiere he arrived on boartl a
Ship commanded by one Captain Loader, in the Month of
^HgiiJl 1678. It was this new Scene of Life in the 15ay of
Campeachy, that introduceti him to the Acquaintance of
fbme Buccaneers, and gave him a Notion of that fort of
Life, in which we fhall find him afterwards engaged, and
of which, it isccrt.iin, he w;us afterwards very much afhamed ;
which I take to be the Keafbn, that, in his firfl Voyage
round the Woild, he has concealed many Ciicumdaiices,
with which, however, the World has been made acquainteil
by Captain Cowley, and others, who had not, perhaps, the
fame Reatbns for keeping them fecrc t. But to proceed witii
the 1-Iiftory of our Author's Adventures.

i. In the Spring of t lie Year W'79, he embarked on
board the L/iyal Xierchant, of Lo':..'o>i, comniaiidcd ' y
Captain Knapman, hound ti.r Jamatdi, where he arrived in
the latter End of ^-Ipril, the lame Year, with an Intent to
have provided himlelf in flich manner, as might have (et
Z him

The \ O V A (; F. S 6j

lUH)k f

i^. t

him up fi»r .1 coti^plae I oj^wihkI cnttrr, aiul I'rjili r m
llic Buy ot CJmpmky. U.ii .« «ttriw.irii»ctuinial hu Kc-
lolution, 4ntl U.l (Wi rh< Ivit I'lUt ul *h4t lir w.« worili
in llr l^lr^lu^t ol J ImoJI I'.ilati in Dcrjtijbirt, ol 4 I'lr-
iim hr knew to luvi- a gi> •li I it!c * .iial tlnm nutlc an Agree-
n»cnt With om Mr /A'>iv, to laki- a I ri|> to thr Con
tinent Utorc he went tor t.n^'anA. St (,n altrr thnr l«t-
ting oiit, th y came to ait Arnrhur in Nitr*l li»y, at the
Well I- ml ui Jama.id . Tli y toumi tlicrc the Ca|)ta«n<
C*M$H, Stvkinu Sbarpf, an.l other I'tivatectk, with whom
all Mr. Htih'\ Men jireuntly agrenl to go, aiul left ii«-
Ixxly With hint but our Author t who, heluvug that hi»
Aniil4nic ujuU not vlu hint niuch gou^l. lonUntcil to go
ak>itg with the in hki, At thr Cloli oJ th< Year 1 O79. thry
fet out : Their firft l-'xix-s'ition wa» ag.iinll r»ri9-BtlU,
whuh being .laomplirtieil, thty took a Kilolution to
crols the Illltmiis ul Ihrin, in or.ler to jnirlm- their l)e-
ligiu in titc N)iith Seal Dn .l/>ni 5. 1680. they jjiulwl
ticar (JtlJfH IjUnJ, bting Ivtwtcn } ami 41K) liroitg, tar-
rying with ihcni 111' h l*iovi(ion» ts wen- necelfary, anil
Toy* to gratity the Ine InJians, tlirough whole Coiinfry
tSey lullt'il. In alxmt i.iiic Uayt time tliey arrived ac
.V4«/r I'luvilioiu, as thiy ex-

Cclctl I fo ill y ftoiii thiie only three IJayj, aiiii then tin-
ikcil tin Uafxi Caiwjis, antl other Imall Lrafi, lor the
South Seal. On .^r,/ i ;. they wtrcm .Sight ot Pamma,
aiul, having in vain attein^itnl Puthla iV«v«, belorc \>hKh
C'autain Suuiim, then acting as C« mmaiuler in ihul, w.is
kilktl, th'-y went oft' to the llli» ot' i^^iht. On June 0.
they (oiK-ii Inini thmrc lor ihr C(ull o( I'm ; and, touch-
ing at the Iiland* ol CergcH:a aivi I'kta, they came to
lie, which ihoy itiok in the Month o< O.Vc^rr. Aliout
Cbnjlmiti, tiie lame Yiar, tiiey arrived nt the IfUnl ol
y«4« FtrnatJtz, wlu. h woj the laitheft they went toward*
the South: Thtrc ilicy ii(j>«rid Cajitain B^nhohmew
abarfe, who luil tlic iKul (.ontniaiid otter the Death ot
Sawkiits, and made Chuirc ol one Captain H'tUlmg to
lommaml, under whom they attempted Mri1.1i , but were
rcpulfeil with tht- I .olik ot tweuiy-eigl.t Men, among whom
was their n^-w toinmandcr Captain H'.ulin^ . wiitn tluy
toiled lor foiii-- unit wifli.iit any Cuin-noiuirr i but, ar-
riving in the Iil.did ot Plata, their Crew t'^ilit into two
Facbons -, when it wa» relolveil, beioit tluy pnxeedcd to
the C iioice ot aComnianiier, tlut the Majority, with tlmr
new CajJtain, IV.ould keep the Shi)), ami the MmiT.iy
(hould content thimlilvvk witii the Loiioes and Snull Crolt :
I'jxjn the Foil, Cii-tain Sharpt w** rel\ortd, and Mr.
Djmpier, who hoii voict! aga'nil linn, |.rc|>.irL-d, with his
Atfociaics, tv return over Land uito the Noith .Sea'^.

4. On -■^/V 17. if)S I. they ()utRcd Capuin sharp*, and,
witliout acknowledging any Coinmaneler, relolved to pro-
fci we their lKTiL!;ii nt repalling the Klhiiiu*, thi>ugh they
were bur forty-kven Men in all. I hi's w.is »)n. of tltc
bolditl I'n leitiking^ that ev:r came into the Head ot
defperatc Mni, ami ya they pirturmeU it without any
coiifideralile IajIv On Miiy 1. ihey landc-d on the Conti
rnnt •, \ui\ the Uiitmus i:t twenty three Days -, and, on the
24th, embarked o:i Uurd Ca|)tain TiijhiaH, a Iremb I'ri-
vateer, with whom they joined a Meet ot thole lort ot
I'eople, coifulmg of nine Veliels, on Ixwrd ot whtcli were
near 6ou .Mvn. 1 Ins was a viry great 1-oric, and they
tlattered thcmlelvi* with the Hopes ol iloing great Things
againtl the Spamnrds • Ikit through Variety ol Accidents,
tlio* cluelly through tlit Dilagr. enunt among tiicir Com-
niindeis, tluy wae able todovtry httic, except tlut thclt-
I'eople, who tame ovir Ijnd, niaile tlkeintVlvcs Mailers
uf a Tartan -, ami, putting tiieiiif. ivcs under the Command
. ot Captain H n^bt, coiitmuekl cruiliiig along tl.c Spumjb
CoaA, tjuitc down to tiic Dulib .Settlement ol C.uratat,
where till y emkavoured to lell a goixi Quantity ol Sugar,
wluch they liod takc.i on bwrd a Sfdnijl Ship ■, but, lailing
in that Delign, they | rolircuted tluir Voyage w Tor:uias,
and from theme to the Carana CoJl, where ihcy took
thrie Uarki, one l.idcn with I lules, anirfiar with huropfan
ComnvKiitu!, ind the ihiu! with I'.artlui! v..irc and HranUy.
With th-fc Prizes they pioteedid to tlx Ifland ot Kou,
wlu re they (hared tium, and then r>li>ived to feparati-,
iho' tliey were but fixty in ail ; Ol iJicic, about twtnty,

ainoTfi whom our Autlmr wa*, look one ot the Horki,
•nd, with their Sh^re ot the (itNNli, pritrerdtd dirrtiN
for / irfiHia, wIm le thry itrnvi-tl in the Month ol Jm}
1681. riirti they cunimutmt for (iiinr liiiu', aint ihemh'
bell l'«rt ul them ma^le a Vuya|(et(iC4n.iM, Irum whrnc
(hey oiui mure tame luik to / ir//MVi \ and, having r|xii(
the bill I'ari ot titeir Wealth, werr luiw ready i.i mu-i
on any .Scheme that louKI Ik- pru|iolcd lor gitting n.oii
nor was it long tvtort IikIi an (^)|i»iriuni»y otTerrel Cau
tun Lttkt, ot whum we have given an .\c count m thrK

f, inning ot the lornur .Sertion, coming thither with 4
'lue, antl till taring his Kelolutiun to go into the Smith
Scat, aiMl iriiili u|)on the Spammrdt \ Mr. Dsmfitr, whole
okl Actjuaintance tie w.i\ aiKl who knew him to be an ohlr
Commander, reatlily agreed to go tMtli hini, and brougl.t
molt ul hit Companions into a like Diljiurititiii \ which vtjt
ot greater Conletjuimc to th.it Conimamiir, oi it fui
nilliitl him with One thinl of hisvkluile Ci mfxiny. Inth 1
Voyag- It w.» ih.it Captain CcuKiy ai'ted us Mafter, tho'
he was not trultrd wiih the true Dclign. Thry liulctt Irxjni
.libamuik in tirgint*, .'uj^it/i 2 j. idK^. and fUrred thnr
Cuuile tor ttie Ca|>i' tlf I tid lllands. In their I'allage tli. ,
n.it witli a viojiiit .Storm, which lalhd a whole Week,
ot whuh I the rather take notice, bccaule it is a Cimitii
llaiut omitted by Captain C»u/l(y, who, having, perh4[i\
tteeii in greater Storms, was not to much aiarmcti at i!ii.
W'c has'e now feen our Author einlurked tor his hnl
Voyage round the W'orkI, the Krmaindcr of whkh, Inf
Kealtins alreaily alTignrd, Ihall be given in his own nu
ner, and without dropping any thing that has not Wn
belore rcl.itrd in our Accixint ot Captain Cncle)'» Voyag,,
becaule that wouUt only tatiguc the Ucadcr with unncccllji,
Ke{)etitions.

5. The Ille of Salt is ntuated in 16* Latuudr, and >i
iq"" jj Loigirude We(i Irom the Lizard in i,»jf/a«j.
It !« in length tiom North to South L..eaguts, aiut m
Breailth abiMit two ixauucs ; has abuntfancc ot liilt Fi>n,i),
(whence it ilerivt j its Name; but no Trees or Grals tim
ever I law. Some tew poor Goats teed upon Shrubs iKir
the Sea Sitlc. I have alto Icen foine wild Fowl here, and
cfjKcially the llnmingti, a redilifh I'owl, of the Shape ul
atietn.but much loiger, living in I'oneh, or muddy Plato
We Ihot aixiut lourteen of them, tho' they are very lliy
Their Nells they build with Mud, in the fhallow PUcoi,
i'onds,or (tamluig Waters^ thrfe theyraifcup hkcililltM - ,
upcnngtothc I up, two lect above the Surface of the \\ r
ter, where thry |ta\e a i lolc to lay their I'ggs iti, mIuc.
when they tlo, lir arc liatclintg them, they ibind with thn:
long I.ep III the V\ ater elolic to the 1 lillocks, and fo u
ver ttic HuliuwiKfs only with titcir Kumps i tor, il (m
fltould fit down on iluni, the Weight of their Bck'.i ■
would break them. I he young ones can't fly, nor do tin.
coinc to their true tolinir 01 Shajic, till tliey arc ten u
eleven Months old, but run very t.iil : Their Flclh n Itor.
and filack, hut not ill lalUtl : They have large 'Tongue,
and, near tiic Rout of them, a Piece ot Kat, whicii i\*.
counted a gieat ibtnty. I law, at another time, gr>::
.Store of their tiinh at the IHc of Kio U Haiha, near ii<
Ccnrment of ^^mtrua, oY\»jinc to Curaeae, but lut
cou'tl lu tully oltlirvc tluir Nells, or young ones, as i.i
We touiid not alx<ve live or fix Men m the Illand ol O"-. .
tlic Chu'l brought us three or fiHir ptxir Goats i in Ut 11:
lor which, and lome Salt wv bought of him, wo gavr ;.. :
foinc old Ci'aths.

b. W e lailetl from the Ille of Salt to St. Niceloj, i
otliir ot the Cape AVrji Hies, twenty-two Ixague^ W
South weft. Fromthcnce wccamcto an Anchor on the Son'
call Side, it isot a tti.mgular Form, the longcll SiJn
the loUl being thirty leagues i;i Length, and the other !■>'
twenty Leagues eatli : Near the Shore it is rocky ar.d K'
nu , but has lome \allcys lartlier in ilic Country, wli
proiiuce Vines .nnd (inth. 'The Chief ol the IIU, »
two or three (ieLtlem^ii, brought Ibmc ol the Wincabu"
u% which was of .1 pale Colour, and taftcd hke M.uu"-
Wine, but was a li:tie thick : 'They told us, that the pr
« ijul Village wa>. in a \'alUy, fouiticn Miles from tli< Hj
where we then were, and contained about 100 Tamil; '
tlicy were ot a dark fwarthy Compkrxion. After luv; ,
f^.tnt live or fix Uay> hero m digging ot Wells toi 1.^"

5 W4t..',

at y at l-
aiul Carrie.
I .iititutle, V
about s Ixi
firoiiiid w
•At Noon 1
Vari.iiion
Sda/J dv
1 'Ongitude
I iation .(
near thole
thro' the .S
Mtn abo.i
fnand ,is ii

two C.lLir

tlirci- Ulan.

Cliap. I.

C(ift<iin W 1 T, 1 1 A M D A Nt p I ^ R i

Water, we f.ii!f«1 to Mt\e, tnnhn of the Capi dt I trJ
in«mls loriy Mill « I aft I'V S«)uth rmm ilu* laft, whrn wc
nmf to 4n Aiuhnr to ttic Nortli-wcft Sulr t)t it. VVc muM
Kxvc |)roviJi*il jMirfrlvo wiih loin« Beef ami (iuati licrr,
iHit tlicy wtiulil luit let our Men tonic a(lu>fe i Iwauir orir
Captain B»i>J, a Hryl^^l Man, h;u(, not long iKturr, rar-
ricit uA fume ot the iliici Inlialntanti umUr the Ume I'rc-
trncc. 'I'hii lllr is Injt ftnall, and the Codl lull ot ShoaU «
yet lu« a lonl'tdcraNc Cominerce in Salt and Cattle. In
May, yuM, July, and .■fugnji, a fort of 'I'onoi|r<, lay ilirir

I'BK' '•'■'■'■• ^"" ''"^y ^'^ "'" •'Pf"''J*' '^^ '" l'0<Kin« ft to rholi-
ol the h'tft htJiti : Ihry alio jilunt hrtr Ibmc I'otanw i,
fomr IMantaiiM, and Com i the Iiihalntanti live eKierdinK
poorly here, a< well a» in all other Cap* I'trd Iflands
cicejit in llv Illc ot Si. laf^n, tour or live lyjgues hrnc r
to the Weft : For tho' that lllaiid is nioi uaiiiuui, ytt i«
it till- 1h tl ii)hal)itai ot all, as having a very g(xxl Harlxmr
on till- lull Siilc, niuth Iranientcd by the hm-optan .Slii|i<
bound to the b.{^ IhJuj, ami the Cimw<y Coaft i as alio
the Pertuiutft Ships bound for BrnAl, who come hither
to piovide thcmlilviA with Bert, Pork, (ioat%, Fowls,
) ggs riaiit.iiin, ami Coioa-nuts in I'.xclungc tor Shins,
Drawers, llandkcnhiets. Hats, Waillroats, Bnc^hts,
and all forts ol lancn Cloth, which is in higli 1 llcrin liirf
with thr Inhabitant!), who arc niucii inclined to I'hdt.
Then in a lort, on the I'opotaii llill, whHh comnudds
the I iarlMiiir : I was cretlihly intorm«d, that this Kle has
two putfy l.irpc Towm, and the fiinc fort <it Wine wc
ilrank at Si. t^uolas. I here are two more ol iliofc Illands,
/' .;o ith\ Jitavii, both I'null Ii!ands td the Well ot St.
Ill, . I li'- firrt is remarkable lor its hcing one intirc
bi.tiii 't; Mountain, on the Top wlureot illiies a Fire,
which iii\y he diltcrned a great W ay oif at Sea in tJic
Nfghr-time i a few of its Inlubitants live near the Sia-
fule, at tlK F(«t of the Mountain, who l\i'>lill o\Hm
(loats lowls I'laiiitains, and Cocoa nuts : The reft ol
the Ctpe y/rd Illands are St. .Intonio, Si. Luna, St. yin-
€(Ht, and Bona ^'ijiii.

y. From the Cape IWd Ifles we ftccred our Courle to
the South with an b^aft North call Wind direftly to the
Strri^;lits()f Mai^eilati ; but at lo' North Latitude, the
^VHld blowinj^ hard at South by Weft, and South South-
wcft, wl iliri-ttid our Courle to thr (iuwey Coall, and
catiH- in a li w Days to an Anchor at the Mouth of Sher-
borough Kiver, where there is an t.nf^lijh Fa<fkory South of
Sitria I tola., which ilrives a lonlidcrablc 1 raiie with
Camwood, ylekimg a red Colour, uled by the Dyen. Not
far trom the Shore we law a pretty large Village, inlubited
by N(gu)e5 i the Houfcs were low, except one in the
Middle, where they cnterUiiicd us with I'alni-wine, and
brought aboard pood Store of Rice, Fowh, Honey, and
Sugar-canes. Atx;ut the Middle of Novtmber we pn
fecutcd our Voyapc to the Sirciglus of Magtllatt \ but, ;'i
ftxm ai we got out to Set, we met with Tornadoes, three
or four in a Pay, which, together with Calms, made us
advai'.ce but (lowly, the Wind veering at Intervals to the
South and by I'-aft, and South South-eall, till we were paft
the lviuin<Kti.!l lane, about a Decree to the K.ill of the
Idr ot St. lago. After wc were i omc i ' to the South of
the L.ine, the Wind turned to tlio ball, which made us
(her South-weft by Weft -, ami, the fartli. r wc got to the
Soutli, the Wind inrieafed wpvn us btjin the b'jft. At
q' South Latitude, we hail the Wind at South-eaft ■, and
at j-^ at Fail South-eaft, where ir luld a conlidciable time,
and carricil us the iSth vi Jimuary i()84. to jO-' of South
1 Altitude, without any ivmarkol'lc .\ccidcnt, 'Fhc Sea here-
abouts Ixinp of a palilh Colour, we thought to have found
Cirouiid with our Line, but found none at too Fathom.
\x. Noon I computed tolx; 4S -,o Wc ft from the 1 ,izard, the
Variation ly'.'jo'- January 2H. wc made three Illes of
Sebald di ll'tert, in j 1 ' 25 .South Latitude, and 57' 28
Longitude, Weft from the I .izird ot England, the Va-
riation ^ j° 10'. I pcrfua<leil Captain CooL' to anchor
near thole Iflaiftis, K'ing fcndble ot Panger in our i'iiffigc
thro' theStreiiiht of ,W<j^i7.'m/;, conlidering, eliKcialiy, that
Mm abo.ud the l'riv.itccrs are not lb (triclly at Com-
mand as in other W-Ilcls. Wo came to an Anchor within
two C.ibhs Lengtii of the Shoie of t.hc furtheinioft of thole
three IllaiKls, where wc louud foul ryv.ky Ciound, ai;dthc

Iflaml twrrvn, anil dellltute of 'I'rws, but foinf Dtld^
bulliiN glowing mar thr Seifi'le. We law the Uiik Pay
vaft ShoaK ot Imall lel l^)bftirs r.o l/igK>r than onc'i
Finger t but wire |Kihctly like our L^oUlcis, ixc |ii in
their Coknir,

8. As we liKjiul mitlii r fate Acchoiirg, nor frefti Water,
at thole Irtei, wr ma»lr the Ull of our way towurds the
Streighii ot MagtUan. iiiiruaiy 1. wc canv: in Si[/jit of
the Streight U Alairt; Mliiih wi found veiy rairow, with
high l..iiidoii h<ith Sides, 1 he Wind at North North''
W(ft, we fiilul with a bulk dale till within (o'.r .Miles of
the Moutli, whue, Ixmg becalmed, wc touiid a very
ftrong Tide lliing outot the Sirtights to the North v but
whether it tloweil, or el Ud, wr were luit able toiliftinguilh,
I ccaule It ran all Ways, bre.tking on all Sides, and tolliig
our Ship at fu< h a rate, as I ncvir law bclou or liiiie.
At iMghto'Clixk at Nipht we failed with a Weft North-
W(rt Wind to the Fall, in order Ut fiil round the Stiiitt
!jk \ at tlr Fall Fnd of whk.h, anihuring the 71)1 at
Noon, Wc found ourlelves at 45" 52 Soutli Laiiiudc. At
this F.nd aic three imai! rucky Illaiuls, white with the
Dung ot Birds. We Ittind to the South, in order to
fill round to the .Soiidi of Ciipt llutn, the .S<.utlKnnoll
Point ot /crrii dtl I'litgi i but the Winds ru;inin(< bet\\ixt
the Noith-well ami \vell, we did not fee the '['trra dtl
Fu-go. Attir the full I'.veinnn, we made tlr. Stiei;5lit of
It .Vlaire : As I did not Ice the .Sun, .it .Si iting or Riling,
from tlui Time we left the Ifles ot Stbalddc ll'ttri, till we
came into the South Si as, lii i am notable to tel! you the
Variation: 1 m.ide, indeed,. an Oblervation at Noon in
5c)'' 30 l.>jiigitude, the Wind at Weft by Nuith ; ai.d at
Night the Wind \eered alxiut to the .South-weft at 60",
the turthcft South L.ititude I cvtr w.is in. /iwwdry 14,
we were lurprilid by a moll violent Storm in 57' 1-it tude
to the Weft ol (Mpt Horn, whiih continued till the jd of
Manb, from the Souili-weft, ami Soudi-wcll and ly Weil,
and Weft South-wclt. March j. it blew a Inih (ialc
trom the South, ami afterwards from the F.al), which
brought us into the South Sea. The 9th, wc found our-
lelves at 47' 10, and tin; Variation i;' ^o li.ill. The
17th, wc tiad a fair Gale from the South-eaft at ^0' La-
titude, the Variation S" Flaft. 1 he loth, early in the
Morning, wc dilcerncd a Sail to the South of us, which
wc luppofed to be a Spanijb Merchantman bound from
Baldh'ia to lama \ but proved one Captain Eaton, trom
linden, who licing bound to the South Seas a.s well as
wc, wc kept Company with him qu.tc through the
Streights.

9. March 24. we got in Sight of the 1 1e of Johi Fir-
HunJtz, and fi>on alter came to an Anchor, in a Bay at
the South Fnd, in 25 Fathom Water, within two Cables
Length of the Shore. We tVnt inmiediately to look alter
a Aluskito Man wc had been forced to leave there three
Years l>ctore 1 ami who, notwitl.ftamiing all the Search
made by the Spaniaidj alter him, had kept liimlt-lf con-
cealed in the V\ oixls. When he was left there by Captain
Hailing, alter Captain Sharpt was turned out) he had with
him a Chin, a Knile, and tome i'owder and Shot, which
Ix'ing all fpent, he fawcd I is Cur.-B.irrel into fir.all Pieces,
and theli- lie made up into Harpoon.-., Hooks, and luch-
like Inllruments 1 all which, though it may teem llrangc,
yet is commonly pr.iCliled among the Muskiio I)idi.in.<,
who make all their Inftrumcnts without cither Forge or
Anvil. And the otivr Indians, who have not the Ule of
Iron from the Europians, make their Hatchets, where-
with they cut their Timber and Wood, of a very hard
Stone. In the Hollowing out of their Canoes, tluy
make ufe of Fire Ixfides. The Stone Hatchets of thi-
Indians, near Blrujiild Kiver, arc tin Inches long, fourteen
broad, and two Inches thick in the Middle, ground away
flat and fturp at both F.nds ■, the 1 landlc is in the Miiift,
king a deep Knotch, of a Finger's Len[;th, v.hicli they
bind round with a Withe of about I'otir Feet loi'!;. 'Thus
the Indians of Vatiigcnia head their Arrows very nrtili-
cially with groundeil Flints : With tlicle bei'oie-mentiunal
Inftniments our Muskito Man uled to ilnke Goats and
Fi(h tor his Subfiftence i his Hut biing liuli a Mile from
the Sea-lide, made of Cioats-Mns; as was his Bed, the lame
fcrving likcwill for his Cloathing ; dicfc he had, when he

wtis

ne VOYAGES of

Book I.

•It, f

II'

-was Idr, being quite worn oiit. Wc had no foonerlandcil, tli m
anolher Musbto, aboarviour Ship, ran to meet his Countiy-
rion, ami, aft; r he had thrown himfelf on his Facciiixwi the
CJround, emliraccii liini with all the Marks ofTendemels ■,
which Cercmoiiv Ixring over, he came to falutc us his old
Friends. 1 lis Name was If^ill, and the other's Robnt :
For, though thiy have no Names among thcmfclvcs, they
love to have Names given them by the Englijb.

to. The Ifle ot Jehu yemandn Is about 12 leagues
In Circuit, featetl 120 Leagues from the Continent, at

S^° 15. Tlie whole Country is a deafant Mixture of
igh Hills and Valleys, the Sides of the Hills being prtly
WoovlLuids, jartly Sav.mnas, it. dear Pieces of l-and, natu-
rally lo without W<xni ; tor Places cleared of Wooil by
Induftry arc not called by that Name. In the Bay u»
Campiaiby arc very Ipacious Savannas-, and, near the
River ot /'.';,M, fomc from 10 to 100 Miles long. In
Jamaica^ Cuba, and Hi.paniola, the Savannas are inter-
mixed with Wood. 1 he Grafs in the Plains of John
lfrna<tdez\ Hie is not fu flaggy, but much kinder, than
thofe in tiie If'ejl h.iic. They have here alfo gooil Wtxxl
for Timlvr, but none for Mafts. Their Cabbage-trees an-
cxceev'ing gooil, hut not fo large .ls in other Places. It
is obfervahle, that the Cioats that feed towards the Weft
F'.nd oi the Ille, are much fatter ami better than thofe of
thf 1 .all Knd, though in the laft there is both better and
grrurtr Fhnty of Grafs and fweet Water in the Valleys,
whereas the \\'tft l*nd is a champagne Countr)', the Grafs
dry, and fcarce any Wooti, or frtfh Water. Notwithftand-
ing Its Fertility, it is dertitme of Inhabitants, who might
live here in much llenty, the Plain being able to maintain
n gre.u Numlvr of Cattle, and the Sea affording vaft
Numbers of Firti, as Seals, Sea-lions, Snappers, and Rock-
iifh. The Seals Ix ing fufficicntly known and delirribed in
other Places, we will pafs them by in Silence here : I will
only mention, that they arc moft fccn in the North Parts
of , Imfrica and Europe, and the South Parts of Africa, and
on the Ameruan Coaft of the .South Sea from Terra dtl
Fufio 10 the l->quin<x;lial Line , but arc never (cen in the
Etij} Indies, nor to the Nonh of the Line, till at zi''
North latitude. Th. Sea-lions are not unlike the Seals, but
much bigger, twtlve or fourteen Feet long, and ot the
Bulk of a largt Bui! : They have no Hair, and are of a
Dun-'.olour, with large Flyes, anti Teeth three Inchts
long V one of them will yield a gcKxi Quantity of fwett
Oil, fM to fry Meat with: fhey feed upon lillj ; yet is
thvir 1 Icfh toieraliie pcK.tl Food. The Snappcr-fifli has .1
large \ lead, .Moutii, and Gilh, tlie Back red, and Belly
Alh-colounxi, like a Koch, biit much larger, and its
Scales of the Bignefs of a Shilling : Their I-lefh is very
pood FiKxl -, I have feen them no-wherc but in the IVtft
fnd:ts, and efpeci.illy in the .''outh Sta. The Rock-fifh,
cnXk^BaeeaUo by the Sponuirdi, irom itsLikenefsto aCixi-
fifh, is roumier than the former, a.nd ot a dark-brown
Coliiur, with fmall Stales: It likcwilc affords good Food,
and is found in vatl I'leniy on the Ccaft of Peru and (.ti'.i.
This IflaiHl lus orly twd Bays in for Anchorage, with a
Rivukt of Irefh Water m each : Both thefc are at the
1-^rt Fnd, and fo consenieiuly fitiiate, that they mighr be
rtrinj^ihenid and defemied by a llender F<jrrc againft a
j)Owerfvil Army, t,'i;;c Ixmg wo Acrels to them from the
Weil over the liieh Mouniai.'is. Here it was that five
Fns^ltfomfn, lift tiere jiy Captain Davis, fcturcd them
ftlves againll a great Niunlxrr of Spaniards.

1 1 . After flaying fourteen Days at the Ifland of John
Fernnndn, we let .Sail again /f/r;/ S. 1684. in Comjuny
with Ca[ tain Fatcn.iot the fanfu Sea, projxrrly fb called,
being tli.U Part of the Mare del Zur whicli extends from
South to N<«rih, fxtwixt ^o' .md 40^ .South latitude ,
and, from \\k .Itneruan .Shore tn the WrO, witlMjot I.i
mitJtion, as far as I know I luve failed in this Sra 250
1 ^agiies without any dark o- laiiiy Clouds, 'lcm[>efls, Tor-
nadtxi. Hurricanes, or any other Winds, except the
Trade-winds : Notwithl* inding which, tlie Sea ruiii h;gli
at the New and I-uli Mmn, and nukes l-anding vtry
unlafc. I have, Iwwcvir, frequently taken nwice of ha/ y
arnl t'>pgy Weatlwr in the Morning, lb as to hinder the
Oblirvation of the Sun. We continued our Courle to-
wards tiic Line to tiic 2.).' Suuth Latitude, in Sight of the

Continent of -frnmcrt, This vaft Traft of Land belong-
ing to CbiU ;ind Peru being very mountainous, wc faik-d nu
nearer than twelve or fixteen leagues to it, for fear ut
being difi overed by the Spaniards \ and the Lanil, from
24° to 10' South Ijititude, ftill exceeds the former in
Height, being inclofed by three or four Ridges of Moun-
tains within one another, the furthcrinolt within tl*
Country furpafTmg the reft in FIctght \ they exceed, in
my Opinion, in Height, the Peak of Tentriff, and of St
Martpa, or any other in the World, that ever I f«w. Sir
Jehn Narboreuxh, in his Voyage to Baldivia, mention?
very high Lands near that City (lying ujxin the Coaft) ;
and I have been informed, from divers Spaniards, tlut
from Coquimh, at 30° South Latitude, to Baldivia, a
40' South, the Shore is alfo very high -, which tnakes me
conclude, that thefe Ridges e.rtcnd all along the South Soi
Coaft from one F'aid of Peru and 0>ili to tnc other, called
the /kdes, or Sierra Suevada des .Indes, This I believe
lo be the Reafon why but few, and thefe very fmall River<,
exonerate themfelvcs into the Sea, fcarce any of them bt in^;
navigable, and fomc di-ying up at certain Scafons (jf th;;
Year. Thus the River of Uli runs with a brifk Current
from January to June, and then decreafes till September,
when it quite dries up till January again, as 1 can fay ot
my own lixperiencc, and as I have heard the Spaniarii
affirm the fame of other Rivers on thb Coaft. So I look
upon them rather as Torrents, occafioncd by Rain «
certain Seafons, than Rivulets.

12. Wc continued our Courfc at fomc Diftance alor.g
the Coaft till Mey the 3d, at 9° 40 South Latitude, whm
we dcfcrying a Veflil, Captain Eaton took her, being laden
with Timber Afterwarils we fttxral our Courfc to the
Ifle of Lobos, at 6' 24 South latitude, five Leaguc-s from
the Continent. This Ifle is called Lobes dt la Mart, w
diftinj^uifli It from another nearer the Continent, anJ,
therefore, called Lebos de la Terra ; Lebos fignifying is
much as a .Seal in Spantjh, of which there is great Plenty
hcrcibouts. May 10. we anchored near Lebos dt la Mar:
With our Prize. 7 his is properly a double Ifland, each 01
a Mile in Ciri uit, fi p:irated by a fmall Chanel, only not
capable of receiving any Ships of Bunlen : A little Way
from tlic Shore, on the North Side, feveral Rocks he ff.«
tercd in the Sea : At the Weft Faid of the Faf^crmoft lP,r,
is a fmall fandy Creek, where Ships may be ftcurc frnr.i
the Winds , all the reft of the Shore being rocky Cliffi
The I-ind is alfo rtxky ami fiindy, wiiliout any tniih
Water, Trees or Shn'''S, or any Land Animal, exrcj:
Fowls, as Boobies, but, above all. Penguins, a fon of Stj
fowl of the Bignefs of a Duck, and having juft fiich Kct;,
but the Bill is fX)inted ; their Wingi arc no more tiiti
Snimps, which fcrve them inftcad of Fins in the Water ;
and they are covereil rather with Down, than with Fa-
thers : As they feed on Fifti, fo their Flefh is but of in
indiflTcient Taft;-, but the Flggs are very gtxjd. The
Penguins arc to Ix flm .ill over the South Sea, on th-
Coafl of Neu'fbundland, ami on the Cajx- of (}ood Hope. 1
of)!ervcd herr alio, and at the Ifland of John Fernandez,
a Ibit of Blackbird, that all Night refts in Holes nude n
the Sand. The Road is lietwixt the before meiitiondl
Rocks ami the Faftrrmoft Ifle, from ten to fourteen F:
thorn, wh;rh, lying fall and Wefl, flieltcrs it from t.
Winds, which, for the moft part, blow here from t".
Soutli ami .South Scxith-eall.

13. Upon Fxaminatioii of the Piitoners, Ixing ( r
vinced tliat we were diliovired by tlic Spaniards, an^:,
confitjuently they would keep all their richeft Sluj-.
Port, It was conlidereil, whether we fbould attaik In.
Platr tlKrealx)uts ■, ami Truxilo, though a jxipulix.'i t:; ,
and <>f a diflVult Acufs in Landing, at the Port of OVii-
Ihij^HO, fix Milis thence, iKing thought the iiioll iik.i.
PI.IC-, we piqured lor the faul F.xjxdition ; and, A/rfv r
found our whole Numlx-r to conlill ot loS fount! Mci ,
but, the next Day, fume <jt our Men dclcrying tlif
Vellils to the Well, without the Ifles, .md one Ixtwixt th
Ifle and t/ie Contnieiit, we gave thcin Cfuce ; w.
I aptain (.^oke\ Ship that towariis the Continent, ami Cj; ' '
Laicit the other twu. Tlity were i\)oi\ taken, an.lpn v
to Ik- latlen with 1 lour from (iwieiaj^no to /'j/w»»<- '
one of them wc found a letter from the Niccroy of /'"-

Chap. I. Captain Whliam Dampier.

Ik- I'orl t>t ''in ■

to the PrcfiJeiU of Paunma, intimating, that, having
notice of fome Enemies lately come into thofc Seas, he
had immediately lint away thcfc three Ships to fupply their
Wants ; at the Cunc time, being infuymed by tlw Prifoners,
that thofc of TruxUla were ercAing a Fort near tlicir Har-
bour of Guaiuba^ao, we relblved to give over ogr Uefign
of attacking that Place, and ftccred with our tlircc Prizes
10 the IQes of GaUapagos^ L called by the Spmiarif from
their ilipuofcd di&ppft»ring. May 21. we gpt Sight of
the Kknos of GallaPagos, and at Night came tp an Anchor
at tlic Ealt Side of 6ne of the Hafternioft Ides, 4 Mile
from the Shor?, in fixtctn Fathom Water, clear, white,
hard Sand.

14. The Illes of Galhpagos are a good Number of
large Iflands, fimatc under and on both Sides the Line,
delticute of Inhabitants ; the Eaftermoft of them being
no Leagues from the Continent. According to tlieir
PofKion m the Maps, they are in the Longitude of 1 8 ' ,
extending to the Weft as far as 176 i according to which,
the Longitude from EMgland Weft, is 68* i though, I
doubt, the hydrographical Charts hare not placed them far
enough to the Wcit. The Sfmtrds, who were thcliift
Difcoverers of them, defcribe them to he a great Number
of Wcs ejctending North-weft from the Equator to 5'
North. We faw no more than fourteen or fifteen, fome of
which were fevcn or eight Leagues in Length, and tlircc
or four in Breadth, pretty high and flat \ four or five of
the Eaftermoft we found rocky and barren, without cither
Trees, Herbs, or Grafs, except what was very near the
Sea-fuic. Thefe Illands produce alfo the Dildo-tree, a fort
of a Shrub of the Bignefs of a Man's Leg, and ten or
twelve Feet high, but without cither Fruit or Leaves i
inftcad whereof, it has fharp Prickles from Top to Bot-
tom. Thefe Idands afford alio fome Water in Ponds, and
Cavities of the Rocks. Some of the Illes are low, and
mofi: fertile, and produce Trees known in Europe. Some
of die Weliermott Lies are bigger than thr reft, being nine
or ten Lc.igues long, and fix or leven broad, and afford many
Sorts of Trees, efpecially Mammee-figs \ they have alfo
fome pretty large irelh-water Rivers, and many Rivulets.
As the Sea-breezes by Day, and tlw Night Winds, with-
out Intcrmiflion, refrcfh the Air of the l(\ci Gallaf ages ^
fo they are not fo much troubled with exceflive Pleats,
nor (b unwholfome, as moil other Places near the Equator :
During the rainy .Seafons, m November, Decemier, and
January, they arc peftered with moft violent Tempclls,
Thunder, and Lightning: Before and after thefe Month?,
flisy have rctrcfhiiig Showers ; and their Summer Scafon
in Ma^, June, July, and ^iguH, without any Rains. Wc
anchored near fcveral of thofe Ifbnds, and found fre-
4i:rntly the Sea Tortoills funning thenifclves at Noon-
day (a thing not ufual in moft other Places). Of thefe wc
killed as many as we wanted. Captain Davis, at another
time, cimc to an Anchor on the Weft Side of thefe Illes,
where he and his Men fed upon L.and Tortoifes for
tiircc Months, and favcd fixty Jars of Oil from them, lie
tact alio on th.it Side with divers good Chanels, and An-
chorage betwixt the Ifliis, fcveral frelh-water Rivulets, and
Store of good Trees and Fuel. Captain Harris (of whom
iiereafcer) found alio in fome of thcfc Iflands abundance of
iMimniec-trces, and divers large Rivers. The Sea, ad-
joining to thefe Ill.-uids, is well llored with good arul large
rilh, efpecially with Sharks. I took the Height of the
"Sun with an Afh-olabe. At the North-end of the fecond
I'lne we anchored at 28' North from the Line.

I-,. Thtre is no Place in the World fo much ftored
Itli Guanoes and Lar.d Tortoifes xh thcfc Illes. The lirft
are lat, and of an cxtr.wrclinary Size, and exceeding tame \
nd the 1 jnd Tortoifes lb numerous, that fome hundred
Men may fubfift on them for a confidtrablt time; being very
fnr, arul as plcalant I'ood as a I'nllct \ and of fuch bignefs,
ih.it one of them weighs i^i) or 200 Pounds ; and are
loni two Feet to two Feet fix Inches over the Belly i
whereas, in any other Places, I n.:ver rnet with any idxivc
thirty Pounds Weight \ though I h.-ive heard them fay,
[ihat at St. J^Murence, or Madagafcar, there are alfo very
arjje ones. There arc three or four Sorts of I^nd Tor-
loiles m the H^ejl Indies : One is called by the Spaniards
Uaikiiuc, which keep muft in frefli- water Ponds ^ they
Nf.MB. VII. ■■

have finall Legs, and long Necks, and flat Feet, and
commonly weigh betwixt ten and fifteen Pounds. The'
fecond Sort they called Tenopen, much lefs than the former,'
and fomcthing rounder^ but, for the reft, not unlike them,,
except that the Shell on their Backs is naturally coloured
with a curious carved Work. Both Sorts afford very good
Meat, and thefe laft delight in marfhy and low Places, and
arc in vaft Numbers 09 the Iflc of Pines, near Cuba^ among
the Woods. The Tortoifes in the Gallapagos Iflands are in
Shape like the firft, with long Necks, and fmall Heads-,
only they are much bigger. Thefe Iflands have alfo
fome arecn Snakes, and great Store of tame Turtle-doves,'
fumctliing kfs than our Pigeons, but very fweet and fat.' '
Betwixt fome of thofe Iflands are large Clunels, capable'
of receiving Ships of a moderate Burden. Upon the
Sholes there grows great Plenty of Turtle-grafs, which
makes tliofe Chanels abound in that Sort of Sea Tortoifc
which is called the Green Turtle, orTortoife ; For, you muft
know, that there arc four or five different Sorts of Sea Tor-
toifes i vi-z. tlve Trunk Tortoife, the Loggerhead, the
Hawksbill, and Green Tortoife : The firft is bigger, and
has a rounder and an higher Beak than the reft -, but its
Flefh is neither wholfome, nor well-tafted, any more than
that of the Ixjggcrhead, which feed on the Mofs of
Rocks : It borrows its Name from its large Head. The
Hawksbill (fo called from its long fmallMoudi) is the
leaft, and that bears the fo much cfteemed Shell, of which
they make Cabinets, Boxes, Combs, (iff. in Europe: Of
this Shell, each has from th>ee to four Pounds, though
fome have lefs j the Flcfli is but indifferent, yet fomewhac
better than that of the Loggerheads -, though thofe taken
betwixt the Sambellos and Porto-Bello, make thofe that eat
the F!dh vomit and purge vehemently. The fame is
obfer-.'ablc of fome odier Filh in the JVeft Indies, dl which
more anon. It is further remarkable, that the Flefli of the
Hawksbill Tortoiic differs according to their Food ; for
thofc tliat feed upon Mofs, among the Rocks, have a much
yellower Fat and Flelh, and not fo well tafted as thofe that
feed \\\^n Grals ; befides that their Shells are not f9
tranfjiarent. Thefe Hakwsbili Tortoifes are in divers Part?
of the IVeft Indies, and have their peculiar Ifles, where they
lay their Eggs, and feldom intermix with any other Kind
of Tortoifes. However, thefe, as well as other Sorts of
Tortoifes, lay their Eggs in the Sand, and after Uie fame
manner : I'hrir Laying-time is about Mtr), June, and
"July, a little fooner or later ; and they lay three times
every Scafon, eighty or ninety Eggs each time, which are
rouiul, and are of tlie Bisnefs of an Hen's Egg, but covered
only with a white thin Skin. In fume of tlie Bays on the
North Side of Jamaica, the Hawksbills lay their Eggs, as
likewife on the Bay of Honduras, and in divers Places on
the Continent of the Coaft of America, from Trinidadt to
/■'era Cruz, up the Bay of Nevu Spain. After a Sea Tor-
toife gets afhore to lay, fhe is an Hour before fhc returns,
bccaule fhc always chufes her Place above High- water
Mark, where fhe makes a large Hole with her Fins in the
Sand, to l.iy her Eggs in ; which done, flic covers them
up two Feet deep with the fame Sand fhe had raked out
before : Sometimes they will take a View of the Place
betbreiiand, and be fure to return to the fame the next
Day U) lay. I'hcy take the Tortoifes in the Night, upon
the Shore, when they turn them upon their Backs, above
the High water Mark, and fo fetch them the next Morn-
ing V but a large Green Tortoill" will find Work enou^ to
two able Fellows to turn her upon her Back. The Hawkf-
bills are alio found in the Eaft Indies, and on the Guinev
Cuall ; but I never met with any of them in the South
Seas. The Green Tortoife derives its Name from the

Secnifh Colour of its Shell, which is better coloured than
e Hawksbill, but has a round and fmall Head -, and the
Body is of fuch a Bulk, as to weigh from 200 to ^^00
Pounds •, its Flelh is accounted the bcft of all the reft,
though there is a confiderable Difference, as well in their
Bulk, as in the FIcfb. At Blanco, in the lyeft Indies, are
larger than any in theNonh Sea, weighing generally 250
or 300 Pounds i their Fat is yellow, the Lean white, an^
both very good. But thole of Boca Toro, to the Weft qf
Porto-Bello, are neither fo large, nor have lo white an^
rircll tafted Flelh: And thofe found in the Buy of f/e«-
a A dura.f

.'. (J

i'^i-

7hc VOYAGES of

Book I.

i ] ^11

V t

■ ■ 'i ? >

iur*s aul Cuiftachy are kfs then thfff, and thrir Fat
of" a gweniOi Colour. I was tolJ, that, at Port-Reyal,
ih Campttthj Bay, ihry once catrhcd one of thcfc Grten
Tortcafej, whkh was lout l-"cet thirk, from tlir Back to
the Belly, which was fix I'ert broad: A Boy of ten Years
old, the Son of Captain Rctk, went in it, inftcad of a
Boat, aboatil hh Father's Ship, then at Anchor a Quarter
of X MUc from the Shore. The I"at of this Creature
yicli^ed eight (talbns of Oil. The TortoifcS found among
the nttlc Ines on the South Si<le of C.nbM, are fome bigger,
fomc Icfs, and their Flefti fometime< green, fomctimes
bellow : Thefc are carried to Port- Royal in "JamaUa, where
they arc kept in Wires made with Stakes. The Green
TortoiC I feed upon Graft, a Quaner of an Inch broad, and
fix Inches bng, growing in three, four, five, or even fix
1 jthom Water i it is quite different from the Manattti
(^rafs, which has a flcndcr Blade. The Tortoifcs of the
Me of C,allap,igot are a ballard Kind of Green Tortoifes,
their Shell being thicker than the others, but their Flelh
nut fo good ; befides, they are much larger, and fre-
quently two or three Feet thick, and their Bellies five
1'cet broad. In the South Sea arc another Kind of Green
1 ortuife, no bigger than the firialleft Hawksbill \ as they
feed on Moft, fo their Flefh is rank, though very fat :
Both thefc Kiiwis differ from all the reft \ for whereas, in
other Plares, the Ferrule only goes afhore, and that in
the Night-time ; among thof'e, both Uic Male and Female
go together by Day, and return together ; both are very
Lit at firft, but, when tliey are reaciy to return, they arc
Ira.i, though the Female iiot fo lean as the Male. It is ihc
lon.mon Ojiinion here, that they arc nine Days ingendcr-
ii>«;, the He on the Siu-'i Back, in the Wane. This is
urtain, that, .it that time, the He will not forlakcthe
She, wlio is mu( h more fearful, and often endeavours to
get away ; but tliat the Male kcqjs her with liis Fins, fo
that, if you firikc the .Slic firft at their Coupling time, you
are furc of the He. They arc fupptifcd to live many
Xfxn, bccaufe they are a long time coming to their full
Cirowth. In the South Seas, on the Wefl Fjid of the
Ccift of MfxiiC, is another Kind of Green Tortoifes, much
fmallcr than ail the refl, but their Flefh very well taftrd.
There is one thuig extremely lurprifing in all thefc Crea-
turi <! i that for three Mc nths, while they arc laying tlieir
Kggs, they Iwiaki- rluii ordinary Places of Refort, and
f- k others, whtjc they lay their Eggs ; and it is gene-
t.v.l; fupj-oJed, that tiny do not either eat or drink all
th.it Sealtm. Th tiwfl noted Places where they breed
ati, the IHeof C^nnancs, in the lyeji Imtitf, and the Iflc
tt 'fifHfi:r., in the Wcrtern (Xean i and no fuoner is their
t -uphng time pail, but they are all gone i though it is
itrfj.ii, that t)ny muf\ fwun a great Way to come tu
either of t'>efc Places, fince it hai been taken notice of,
that all t!ie bjtore m.itfioned Tonoifcs have Ixen found at
('.vn-anii inHrccding time: The nearcft Place fromjwhence
thiii- Cnatiiris can fwim thither, is the Iflc of Cuba,
jonyl^agucn tlir.ce. Tliofc that breed at the Idc of
Utn/nn, coming from the Continent, mull go at Icaft
tt.rtc hundnd Leagues, it being certain, tJiat their con-
fhr.t Place of ,'\t)ode arc always near the Shore. Thus, in
the South Sea,thty go from ihciinllapagena lay their F.ggs
on the Continent, wliidi is above an huivdred I.eagucs
tliftire. It is turther obfervablc, that not all the Tortoifes
1. avc their or.liruty Places at Breed ing-tinic, but many
remain there ; and, thole that gn, arc folbwcd by grrai
Numbers nj lifhcs, efi>ecial!y Slurb, fotlut tliofc CoafU
are lefr deflttute ot Fifh, till they return.

16. After a Stay <;t twtlv.- Days among tliefe Ides, one
of our Indi(m Prifjners, a Native of Rio Lejii, having
(;iven us an ample .Xi count of the Riches of tliat Place,
and oRcred his .Service to condu<Jl us thiilier, it was
fhjlvtd to take his Advice -, and atcortlingly we fa Sail tlvc
izthof 7«"". v^ith an liitmtion to touch in our Way at
the Iflc of Cocoai . We took otir Courte North 4" 40'
laiituiie, with a Suuth and by Weft and South South
wff» Winds i and, av \*c came Weft to the Iflt of Cocooi,
the VVind .South-weft and by South, thus we continued our
Courfe to 5' 40 N. I. at. when, def|)airing to make the Iflc
of I'oteas, a", the ^\'ind flood, we diredtd ourCourfc to tlvt
Continent. 1 helllcof r«.f«j/iies in 5* i ; N.Iiit. itsCmuit
t'vitxw eii>ht Leagues, but Ii4s no Lihabiunts. Near the Sea

nde It produces .1 certain pleafont Herb In the lowGiounJs,
called GeamaJatl by the Spmiardi. As it is environed
with fleep Rocks, fo there is no coining near it, except
that on the Notth-cafl End Ships may ric^ fkfely in a fniall
Creek : This is wltat I learn from the SpamarJj, and was
confinnrd to me by Captab £«/««. The fair Weather,
end fmall Winds, conduced lu by the Beginning of ?«/;
to Cap* Blanco, on the Continent of Mexng, to called from
two white Rocks, half a Mile from the Cape, in 90 ^(,'
latitude i they are taper, high, and fteep, like two
high Towers -, the Cape itlclf is about thr fame Height
as Beachy-htad, on the Coaft of Suffix, in England, beinf,
a full Point jetting out with flecfi Rocks to the Sea, bu;
having an cafy Dcf'ccnt on both Sides from the Flat on the
Top, which, being covered with tall Trees, affords a
pleafant Profpeft, On the North-weft Side of the Cape,
the iJtni runs in North-eaft for four Leagues, making i
fmall Bay, called the CalJera Bay \ at the Fntnuvr
whereof, at the North>wcft SkJe of the Cape, a fweet
water Rivulet difchargpi Itfelf into the Sea anwngft the
low Lands, which are very rich, anJ abounding m lorty
Trees, which extend a Mile Northeall beyond the Ri
vulct, where the Savannas begin, and run liver.il Lcagun
into the Country, being here- and there beautilted witii
Ihiall Groves of Trees, and covered widi a fwect, thirk,
and kmg Grafs, fome of the beft I ever law in the Mo.
Indies. Deeper into the Bay, the low Lands arc ftorcj
uith Mangroves ; but, farther into the Country, the l^
is higher, partly Woods, partly hilly Savannas \ the Qriii
whereof is not fu good as the former, neither arc the
Trees in the Woods fo tall, but fmall and Ihort. From
the Bottom of this Bay, you may travel over hilly Sa-
vannas for fourteen or fifteen Leagues to the Lake of A'l-
taragua. On the Coaft of the mrth Sea, Captain C»»h,
who had been very ill ever fmce our Departure from th:
Iflc of Jtum Ftmandtz, died, as foon as we came within two
or three Leagues of this Cape (a thing frequent at Sea,
for People to die in View of the Land, after a long 11!-
ncfs, ■, and as, in a few Hours after, we came to Anchor i
I xague within the Cape, near the Mouth of the before-
mentioned Rivulet, at fourteen Fathom clear hard Sand,
he was immediately carried on fliorc, under a Guard of
twelve armed Men, in order to his Interrment : While oiir
Men were bufy in digging the Grave, three Spanijb Indur.i
came to them, asking them fcvcr.il impeninent Qi^ieflions ;
whi« h cMir People having anlwercd as they thought con-
veiiiriu, they kept them in Difcourfc till they found mcir.N
fo fei/.c them all three, tlioiigh one of them efcjpe.l ihcir
I landi again. The other two, being carried aboard, cor.
ftfftd, that they were fcnt thither as Sp"«a, to inform tlirti,
ft Ives concemmg us, fiom Niceya, a fmall Mnlatta Town
twelve or fourteen Leagues hence, fcated upon the Ban^i
of a River bearing the fame Nan'.e, which being a PIjl:
very convenient for buikiing and refitting of Ships, tic
Prefiderit of Panamtt haii fcnt Ailvicc of our coming into
theie Seas to their Magiilratcs. Concenung the Inhaljitar.;)
of the Country, they told us, that they lived moftly I'y
manuring of their Grounds for Corn, and feeding thi.t
Cattle m the Savannas or Plains, of which they had Rrix
Store -, and tlut they fcnt thtir Ox-hldes to the North Su,
by the Like of Niia'agua \ as they did alfo a certain r i
Wood, (which 1 fuppolc to lie the lame, called at 7rt«Mi.J
Blood Wood, or Micaragita Wood) ulcd for ilying, whuii
they exchanged tiierc for I Jncn ami Woolen Commoiiiiiei
f)rought thither from Europe. They atldcd, titat not i.r
from thence was a large Bcel-jpen, where we might |)rovia
ourfclvcs with what Cows or Bulls we h.ul occal':nn tor. .^'
this was a f( arcc Commtxlity amongft us at that tiir.;,
twenty four of us were immediately difjiatchetl in t*J
Boats, who, under the Condudl of one of the IitJiJr-,
landed at a I'i.ue a I /-ague from the Ship, ami h«lcJ
ihrir B<>ats ujx>n the dry Sand : Thus, led by their Giiidf,
they fame to the- Pen, in a large Savann.i, two Miles tfoni
tlic Boai'i, wbeie, fiiuiing abundance of BulU and C<j>>
feeding, fume were for killing three or four of them ii'
mediately i but the rtfl oppofid the fame, all( ging, tl '"•
had better flay all Night, and in the Morning kill as mn ■
as they had oj>j>olitiyn, evi^^iin^ t'v tomifiu of ilic refl t-

Chap. I. Captain VVilHam DAMplEk*

nc« Day \ but, hearing nothing of them by Four o'clock
in the Afternoon, ten Men were fent in a Canoe to look
after them. They were no fooncr come into the Bay where
they landed before, but they found their Comrades upon
a finall Rock, half a Mile from the Shore, landing up to
the Middle in Water, whither they had fled for Refuge to
tfcape the Hands of forty or fifty well armed Spaniards,
with Guns and Lances, who had burnt their Boat : They
were got upon the Rock at low Water i but i. being tlien
flowing Water, they muft have infallibly perifhed, had our
Canoes come but one Hour later, which now brought them
fafe aboard. We afterwards feizcd upon two Canoes,
rndy fitted, in this Bay ; for Ships and Barks they have
none, nor any Inftrument for fifhing, there being fcarce
any Fifli thereabouts. This Country abounding in Wood,
called Lance-wood, growing ftrait, like fo many Alhes,
and very hard and tough, we cut a good Qiiantity of it to
make Handles or Staves for Oars, and Scouring-rods for
our Guns, as being much more durable than thofe made
ofAOi.

17. The 19th of July, the Day before our Departure
from the Bay oiCaldera, Mr. Edward Davis, our C^arter-
nudler, was conftituted Capuin, in the room of Capuin
Caeke, deceafed : The next Day we failed, in Company
with Captain Eaton, and one of our Meal Prizes, towards
Rit Ltja, with a moderate North Wind, which brought
us, in three Days, over-againft the faid Port. The Coun-
try about Rio Ltja is cafily difcovcred at Sea, by real'on of
an high, peaked, burning Mountain, called Volcano Vejo,
the OldVuleano, by die Spaniards. It is ealily diftingui(>i<*d,
being very high, fo as to be feen twenty Leagues at Sea ■,
befuks, that there is no other Mountain, like this, on that
Coail ', and it ftnokes all Day, and alfo fends forth Flames at
Ni^t. If you will make the Harbour, the Mountain
n'uft bear North call ; tlien, fleering dircftly with the
> luntain, tliat Courfe will bring you to the Harbour,
V twnce whereof you fee about three Leagues off it.
' ult take tlie Advantage of the Sea-winds to enter,
, .^ui are here at South South-weft. The Harbour is in-
clofed by a low Ille, of a Mile in Length, a quarter of a
Mile broail, and one and an half from tiic Continent. At each
End is a Chanel ■, tliat on the Eaft, being narrow, and hav-
ing a very flrong Tide, is fcarce ever ufed ; but that on
the Weft End, being much larger, is moil frequented by
Ships, which muft, however, have a care of a certain fandy
Shoic on the North -weft Feint of the Ifle, which as foon as
they arc i>atU they muft keep clofe to the Shore of the Ifle,
there Ix-ing a Sand-bank, which runs above half-way out
from the Continent -, after which, there is very good Ride-
ing near tiic main Shore in feven or eiglit Fathom Water,
clnr hard Sand. This Point is able to contain 200 Ships.
About two Leogties diencc is feated the Town of Rto Leja,
in a ienny Country, full of red Mangrove-trees, betwixt
two narrow Branches of the Sea, the Weftetmoft whereof
reaches up to the I'own, and the F.aftcrmoll runs up near
tlie Back tide of it •, but no Shipping can come up to the
Town, the Def«ription whereof I will give the Reader in
my Return hither. We now refumc the Thread of our
Voyage : Being in Sight of the yoUano yejo, feven or eight
Leagues from the Shore, the Mouth bearing North-eaft,
we took in our Toplkils, and matle towards the Harbour \
and then, fetting out our Canoes, rowed up to the fmall
1 own, that makes the Harbour of Rio Ltja, by Nine a
Clock in th"" Morning •, where we difcovered an Houfe,
and, foon after, three Men going into a Canoe on the In-
fide of the Ifland, and making what Hafte they could to
row to the Continent \ which before they could reach, we
overtook them, and carried them to the little Kle. At the
iame time we obfirvedone on 1 lorfclwck on the Continent,
riding away full Sjieeil towards the lown. Ihty frankly
confcircd, tlut thty had been placed there by the Governor
of Rio [.eja, wlu) had Irrn aJvilcd of our coming into
ihofe Parts, to keep W.itch Day and Night 1 and that
Horfcinan we law riding away, was placed upon the lame
Account on the Continent, within an i lour's Riding of the
Town. Thus, finding ourfclves difcovered, the Horfe-
man Iwing gone three Hours before Eaton and his Canoes
ami- to the Ifland, the Dtfigti upon that Town was laid
afidc for tim Time. J In, fm dl Illin 1 has a curious Spring

of frcfh Water, foine Tre«, and good Store of Grafs \ but
no Beafts to feed Upon it ; and is fituate at iz° 10 North
Latitude. We ftaid till Four o'Clock in the Afternoon »
then we went aboard a^in, and, purfuant to a Confultation
held betwixt Captain Eaton and Captun Davis July 26,
took our Courfe the next Day for thi! Gulph of y^apalla.
18. This Gulph Is a large Branch of the Sea, entering
eight or ten Leagues deep into the Country. On the South
Side of its Entrance, it has a Point, or Cape Co^im; and,
on the North-weft Side, St. Mcbaei's Mountain, at 12"
40' North Latitude. They both appear very remarkable
at Sea -, for the Ca)ie is an high round Poinr, appearing at a
Diftance like an Icicle, the Land near it being very low ;
and Mount Michael is an high peaked Hill, not very fteep,
at the Foot whereof, on the South-eaft, is a low Plain, of a
Mile in Length. Here it is that the Gulph enters on that
Side t and, betwixt thofe low Grounds and PbJnt Cafwina,
arc two high Ifles, at twelve Miles Diftance from each other,
the Southermoft being called Mangera, the other Amapalla^
Mangera is an high round Ifland, two Leagues in Circuit,
inclofcd on all Sides with Rocks, except on the North-eaft
Side, where is a fmall fandy Creek. I'he Soil is black, but
not deep, full of Stones, and produces very lofty Trees.
It has one Town in the Middle, inhabited by Indians, with
an handfome Spanijh Church. The Inhabitants have a few
Plantations of Maiz and Plantains ; and no other Sort of
tame Fowl, but fomc Cocks and Hens ; nor any other
Beafts, but Cats and Dogs. From the Town to the Creek
is a fteep and rocky Path. The Ifle of Amapalla has the
fame Soil as the other Idand ; but is much larger, having
two Towns two Miles afunder, one to the North, the other
to the Eaft. The laft ftands on a little Plain on the Top
of an Hill, a Mile from the Sea, and has a fair Church.
The other Town is lefs -, yet has an handfome Church. I
have obferved one Thing in moft of the Indian Towns un-
der the Spanijh Jurifdiftion, that the Images of their Saints
in their Churches are rcprefcnted with an Indian Complexion,
and partly in their Drels ; whereas, in the Towns inhabited
by Spaniards, they retain their own Complexion and Drefs.
But to return to the Inhabitants 1 They have good Store of
Maiz, and large Hog-plums i but few Plantains. The Hog-
plum-tree is of the fame Bignefs with our largeft Plum-
trees, with Leaves of the liime Breadth ; but fhaped like an
Hawthom-lcaf, and, in Colour, of a light-green. The
Wood is britde, and the Fruit oval, of the Bignefs of a
fmall Horfe-plum. At firft it is green : but, when ripe,
halt-red and half-yellow, with a large Stone, and little Pulp
about it. It has a pleafant Tafte •, but it is rare to meet
with any of them ripe without Maggots in them. This is
the only Place I ever faw them at in the South Seas. In
Campeachy Bay they grow in great Plenty ; and, in Jamaica^
they fence their Grounds with them. They have alfo fome
Fowls i and no Spaniard lives there, except the Father or
Prieft, who takes care ofthcle two Villages, and the Town in
the Ifle of Mangera. As they have litdc or no Money, they
pay their Tribute in Maiz to the Governor of St. Michael's
Town, feated at the Foot of St. Michatts Mount -, and the
ghoftly Fatlier has the Tenths of all. Befides this Prieft,
we found but one here, (the Secretary of the Town) who
could I'peak and write Spanijh; for their Cafica or Magiftratc
could do neither. This Bay or Gulph has many other
Illands. but uninhabited. One pretty large we faw be-
longing to a Monaftery, where four or five Indians looked
after the Cattle, that ficd there in great Numbers. This
Gulph has two Chanels, one betwixt Cape Cajwina and
Mangera, the other between this laft Place and Amapalla.
The beft Anchorage is on the Eait Side ofjimapalia, oppo-
fite to the low Grounds, the reft being high Lands. As
you go in deeper, you may ride on the North-eaft Side of
Amapalla, clofe to the Main. This the Spaniards call the
Port of Martin Lopez. The Gulph extends a great Way
beyond the Ifle 1 but it is not deep enough to bear Ships of
Burden.

19. Captain Davis being fent before, with two Canoes,
into this Gulph, to get fbme Prifoners, he came to Man-
gera, where, finding a Path from the Creek, he followed it
towards the 'i'own \ but the Inhabitants no fooner had notice
of his coming, than they ran all into the Woods, leaving
only the Prieft behind them } who bsing taken. With two

Bays

■. jy 1

Bcvi hli AfTcnJants Captain Davis m»Jc them conJuft
turn to ti-.r IHc of .ImttpalUt where being landcil, Jk: marched
up to rite belorc-mentioneil Place, a MHc from the L«mi-
ing-pl«r, on the Top of thr Ildl. The InhAitants, who
Jaw them ndvance, were ready to retire into the Wood* \
Im the ficcrrtary. an fiKn»y to the Spaniards, having per-
fpatled them, that they were I ncnds, who craved their
AtTiftnoce igainft thcircommon Opprcflbn, they bid Dtvit
aad his Men wclcwne. After the hrft Salutation, they
marched towanU the Church, (the l*rieft, brought along
by Capr«n Ani.', at the Head of them) their only Place
•f public Meetjnp, whether for Conliiltations or Divcrfions,
wher- they kept their N'irards, Mautboys, Strumftiums
( a kind of Cittern; and other mufical In(hument». Here
they meet to make merry, Specially in the Night precede-
ing or next enfuing any Holiday, where they daiKe, fmg
and pliy, with antk Drefles and Gefhirrs i tho', to fpeak
Trtith, thrir Mi-rtc and Mirth have fomething very mclan-
•holy in them, fiiijabic to the Yoke they groan undei, I
mean that of the SpatiitrJs. But to return to Captain tti-
vit : Hi? Intcrnon was « foon as they were ail got into
the Church, to engsge all their Afliftancc ag.iinll the
S/^ii4ird.i, to ;tccompli(h which the Fricrt hail pronufcd hiJ
good Oflicrs ; bi«, juft as a few of tlic remaining laJtMS
were entering the Churrh, one of Captain /JmviN Men
pufhed a Man forwards to h.tlK-n him into (lie Church v
which the Fmfu': being fnghtcncil at, fet up his I Iceh,
and (hr re^, t.ikutg iIk Alarm, folbwed ; fo that Captain
Cknts and the Irirr being Icfc ak)nc m the Church, he
ord<T«l hi? Men to fire at them ; which being done, the
Secretary- was killeil in the Fray: Ami fo the whole I'lojeft
Vanilhed into Snn.ke. by the KoolilhneU of one inconfider-
ate Fellow. The lame Afternoon, our Ship biing entered
the Gulph betwcon Cape (laf-.i-ma anil the Ifle of Matigtra,
rtme ro an Anchor on rlK* F^aft Side, near the Ifle o( An*'
falla. Caprain Dj^t/ came alx>ard us with the Frier, who
told US, that, fince the Secretary was killed, they had no
other way than to (end for the ( afra \ which being dene
by the Ki.d, he came, attend<->l by fix other Indians, who
<H I us confidcnhle Service, in coiiduAing us whither we
had Occafion to \>ta, e{^>ecially to fetch Bed j for which they
w?rc rfwanl<d tu their ^atistaftion. On this Ifland oi
.iiHa^i'U a Company of hiighjb and trtmh landed aJtcr
w rJs. an.! thrncr came to the Continent, ami marched by
I an.l to the (*tp: River, which has got its Name from its
diii. harginf; iti It into ih.- North Seas near Cape Gratia. At
the Source of tins River they maiie Bark-log<:, wherewith
thev nalTcd into the North Seas. However, they were not
tlw firll liivenron of thfi I'allaae, iumething of it hjving
krrn dilcovcred by I jmc Itgli/^ thirty Years iWore, who
*snt up thii (^// R'.vcr into tjic North Seas in Canoes, to
the fame Place wh< re the yrcntb Ixult their Bark-kigs, and
tnencc t) an inland Town callal Srgtvia. I h^y |>erh:)rmed
this t\ut witiioui incretJiMe Difficulty, and in no lei's than n
Mo:;th'i tiin-, (ly ruilon ot the many Cataracts of this Ri-
V(T, whu h obliged thcn> frequently to hale their Canoes
afhore, and drag them over I jmi, till they were part theli:
VVatcr-falli, I huv<- fpoken with fevcral, that were m tlus
F.xjK*.titio:i, ami, it 1 milbkc not, Li\mxT\^barpt was one
ol thrin. But to return to our Voyage : After we hat! ca-
reened, anti pri.vicled our <hii>s with Irclh Water, Captain
lia:is and La^aia hntsn broki- off Confortlliip ; and the
lilt iftt the (iuiph Stpitmbtr 1.

20, Septembo ^. 10S4. luvmg I'een tiie Frier on (horr,
we tiuk-d, with the land-wtnda: Well North-wcff, out of
the (iulph ot .imapaJid through the Chanel betwixt Man-
gfra ai»d the Itlc ot .imgpalia, liircCting our Courfe to the
<. Old ut Ptiu. As the lornaito-.s, with Thuiider, Light
nii.g, and Raitis arc veiy frequent on thcfc Coaiis from
June to Si' enifltr, we had our -Share ot them, coming
moll from the Sourh-eaft •, !>ut att;T»'3rdj, the Wiml veer-
uig to »hc Welt, It held till wi- came within Sight ot Cape
.. ; Fian, !j\o, wh'-ic wr nitt with la;f \V rather, and a South
\S ind This Cajw, being an tiigh full Pmnt ot l^jul, lies
at r 7C> North 1 Jtiiiide, and is coveteil with kjliy Trees.
A: you pis by it fiom the North Sule, you imy eafily mil
'\k:- a Irnali low Point for the Cape ; but, f(Xin after you
pafs It, ymi Will dilfover it wjtii triple Points. 1 he land
near tt r< high, and the Moujiuir.s a|)j>rar black. \VV plijil
1

7bc VOYAGES of

Book I.

along the Shore, to die Advantage both of the Sea and
1 juid-winds, the tirft blowing from the South, as the L4iHi-
winds do from South South-«ft, tho' fometimcs when we
were oppofitc to a River's Mouth, the Wind would tun
to South-caft. Siflmitr 20. we came to an Anchor ne. .•
the Ille of Plata, at iixtecn Fathom, being now fallen in
with the Places whence I began the Account oi this Voy.
age, after having compalTed the whole Continent of !^tuh
Amtrita. The Tile of Plaui, (ituated at i* 10 South Lv
titude, is about four Milea in I A:ngth, ami one and an hilt
in Breadth, ot a pretty gtxxl Height, and inclofed wnli
rocky Clifts, except in one Place on the Kaft .Side, whidi
is the ordy Pkicc where a frcih-water Turrtnt falk down
from the Rocks. The Top is flat and p!au>, the :s<m
landy \ yet it prodxices three or tour .Suns ot k)w and fnuU
Frees, not known in hnrepe. 'i'helb Trees wetc muih
overgrown with Mots -, and pretty good Gralii is to be loun.i
here in the Beginning of the Year \ but here are no ) M\i
Animals to feed upon it, that vat) Number oi Goat;, wluh
ufed to be here formerly, b^ing all delltdyed. Ho*
ever, they have a great many Boobies and Men ol wn
Birds. Siome liiy the Spaniards have given u the Name 01
Plait IJUmd,vrtr tmoc Sir Francis Drakt carried thither th'
Caca/ega, a rich Ship of theirs, laden with Plate. Ity
Plaic tor Anchorage is on the Eail Side, about the Midoi
of the Ille, cfofc to the Shoie, within two Cables I.engrl,
ot the fandy Bay, in eighteen or twenty Fathom of fail uuiv
Ground, aiid very fmooth Water i becadc the South-ait
Point of the Ifle keeps off the Force of the South Wind',
which commonly bfow here. In this fandy Bay, opiioritr
to the Anchoring-place, is good Landing, this bteing the
only Place, that leads you up into the Ifle. F'rom the .South-
ratl Point runs out a (mall Shole about a Qiiarter of a Milr
into the Sea, where, when it flows you fee great Rifing 11
the Water. Ihe Tide is ihong, flowing to the South,
and ebbing to the North. At tiic tunc Point arc thn-t
fmall, but high Rocks, about a Cable's Length from th«
Ifle; and as many, but much larger, at the North-eai'
Fnd. All round the Ifland there is deep Water, rxcqx
in the before- roenboned Road ; and, near the Shole, thtrt
are great Plenty ot tliefe fmall Sea Turt^s mentioned hetnrr:
And the Ifland ticars tour or five Ixraguts Weft South wi it
from Cape St. lututnzo.

2 1 . Atrer a llay's Stay here, we continued our Vov.ijf
to Point St. Heltna, bearing South from the Ille ot Plxu,
ax t' 15' South latitude. Ir apjiear* hiph and t!at likmn
Ifle, tieing furrounded with low l.ro(iiid<;, .iml rovercd 01
the Top With Thirties \ but witiiout frets, xVs ir jets on
into the Sea, it makes a good large Bay to the North Sidr,
A Mile within which, on the very Sea- fide, ftand$ a wretihc:
Village, called alio St. Heltna, inhabited by Indians-, hu!
the (iround, tho' low, being landy and barren, they luv(
neither Trees nor Grafi, or any Com or Fruit, excsix
Water-melons J which are very good here. They art-
forced to fetch their Water as far as the River Caknehi,
four Ivcagues thence, at the Bottom of the fiui^e Bay. Thrv
live chiefly upon Fifh, and are l'uppiie4l with Maiz tir
/Hiatrane. Near this Town, about five Paces above i'k
High-water Mark, there iffues '*it of the Flarth a rertin
bituminous Sut>fti»..ce, calleil .-iigatrane by the SpaiiiiiriL,
which, by long Boiling, beconu-s hard Hke Pitch, and ^
ulint as fuch by the Spaniards. To the Ix^ward of th
Point, direftly opjiofite to the Village, is good Am hong-- .
tnit, on the Welt Side, very deep Water. .Some ot m:r
Men, being fenr in the Night-time to take the VilUg',
lamled in their Canoes in ttie Morning, and took |i>mi I'r,
foncrs, ami a tirull Hark trt on i'lre by the Inhabiranti;,
alleging, that they h.nl doiv it by Ipecial Order from th;
Vuxroy. Our Men coming l>aek the fame F^vening, »■
returned again into the Ifle of Plita, where we aiichofvi
Stptanbrr 20. which very F'vening, we lent fome ot w
Men to Mania, an Indian Village, two or three LeagtK^
Wert of Cape St. Ijturtnr/t, to get more Prifoners, '
hopes ol tjetfer intelligence. SlMla is a Irnall \'illa<'f,
inhabited by Indians, on tlie t ontinent, fcren or ei^-
licagues from tlie Ifle of Plata Its Buildings are nif»
and liattered •, bur, Ijeimj rallied on .in eafy Afcent, aff '•
a very aprtrable Pnd] vl towards the .Sea fide I ' ■
Church bcrr n very fin •, and 4 lomeJ with car\'eii ^""

Chap. I.

Captain William Dampirr.

bccaull this Place was formerly inliabited by Spaniards, i\s
the- Grouiuls about it arc dry and fandy, they bear nci-
tlKiCorn nor Roots, but only a few Shrubs. They are fi'p-
yjlictl with Prfjvifioiis by Sa, this being the firft Plate,
where the Ships bound liom Panama to Lima, and other
Parts of PtrUy rtfrefli thcniiclves. They liave an excellent
Spring ot' tVefli Water between the Villaye and the Sea. Juft
oppolire to the Village, one Mile and an iuU from the Shore,
is a Rock, which proves often dangerous, becaufe it never
.ippears above Water ; but, a Mde within this Rock, is
f.itc Anciioragc at fix, eight, or ten Fathom, hard anil clear
Sand. About a Mile ^Vc(l from the Anchoring-place, a
Sliole runs out a Mile into the Sea. Behind the Town,
direi-'tly .Soutli of ii, a gooti Way into tlic Country, (Vands
i; viry !»ijj;h Mountain, riling up into the Clouds like a Su-
{» u-lcat •, and therefore fcrves tor a good Sea-mark, there
being none other like it on all tliat Coall. Wc returned to
our IVlen, who lam'.cd, about Day-break, one Mile and an
lait fion< the Village -, but the inhabitants, being already
llirring, >ok the Alarm, and fo got all away, except two
old \N omen, who, being taken i'rifoners, declared, that
the Viceroy, ujKin News brought lum, tiiat agooti Num-
ber of the Enemies were come over the Illhmus of Darien
into tiic South Seas, had ordered the Burning of their Ships,
the dellroying of ail the Goats in the Ifle of Plata, and no
more I'rovii'mnsto be ktpr, than fur their own prefcnt Ule.
li. We returned t!ie next Day to the Iflc oi Plata, where
wc touud our Ship. Here wc ilaid, unrefolvcd what Courle
to take, till Oiloher i. when Captain ilwan. Commander of
thcQ^«c/of Lcmian, aricli Ship, which svasdefigned to trade
on that Coad, came to an Anclior in the fame Road -, but,
bnngdifipjxiintedin Ins Hopes to tralTick therea'outs, his
^Acw had toiccd him to take aboard a Company of Priva-
teers he met witli at Ntcoya, being the fame we were told of
at Mania ; tor they were come by l_umd, under the Com-
mand of Captain P(ter Harris, Nephew to t!ic lame Cap-
tain Harris, who was killeil btlore Panama. Captain Sxvan'%
Siiip being unfit for Ser\'ice, by realbn of his Cargo, moll
of his Goals were fold upon Credit, and the rcll thrown
overboard, except the tine ComnuKJiiits, and fome Iron
for BalUlV. Then Captain Davis and Captain Swan 'p'.ncd
Company by Content \ and Harris had a fmall Bark given
lum. Our Bark, whieh luid been f nt three Days before
nulling, briiught in a Prize laden with Timber, whi.h they
li.id taken 1:1 the Bay Cuiaquil. The Commander told
u:,, that it W.U. ereiiibly reported r.t Cuiaquil, that the Vice-
roy w;is Httmg out ten Frigates to chall- us out of thofe Seas.
This made us with tor Captain Eaten ■, and it wis relblved
to fend (jur tinall Bark towards Lima, to invite him to join
i Company with us. This done, wc httcd up another fmall
Euk into a Firefliip ; am', Oitoitr 20. failed for the Iflc of
iLobes. 'I'he Wind being very ilack, we did not pafs by
[the Point ot\?/. Helena till the 23d, and the 25th crolVcd
IjIic Hay of (iiitaqutl. The 30th, we doubled the Cape of
lliluHio, at ]' 4S , the worll CajK' in the South Seas to double,
Iheeaule yni tannot here, as in mort other Places, (land off
lac Sea, by realon of the ftrong Current, which, fctting
iKorth-wdU will carry a Ship off mo"-; in two Hours, than
llhe em get .i[fain in live. Thus w; wire forced to keep
Ineir the Shore, whieh is not often ptriormed witliout great
iDilliculty i tor as therii arc no Land-winds here, it ge-
Inerally liiows hard at South Sciuth-wcll, or South by Wert.
iTIie Cup^' IS furrounded with white Roeks on the Sea-fide,
|wh.nte, ijuellionUfs, it has got its Name i and the Coun-
try near it appears llecp and rugged.

23. Avvemhr i. w. lay about fix Leagues off Pay la,
i/hcnce we f.nt feveral Camus, manned with 1 10 Men, to
Ittack the Town, a tinall Sea poit belonging tothei'/airi-
nls, at r," 15', built on a laiuly Rock near the Sea-fide,
uni';<r m\ hig!i Hill. It lus two Churches, tho' not more
Ihan fvvcnty-iivc oreif^hty ' loufes, low, and meanly built.
It is like iiuirt of the oti'.er Builiiings all along the Coall of
"^au. 1 hey build tlieir Walb with a kind of Brick made
of C.artli and Straw, dried only in the Sun, three Feet long,
two broa.', and one half thitk. In fome Places, they only
|ay I'oles aerofi, covered with Mats inftead of Roofs ; but
Jinetmus they ufed Roofs. The Reafon why they build fo
iicrnly, is pai tiy becaufe they want Materials of gooil Stone
Ind TiniIxT, partly becauic it never rains, which only
vikes till ni t^jhcitoiis ot keeping out the Sun •, and thole
Ni'.MB. r.

Walls, tho' never To night und brittle, yet will there hold firm
for a confiderablc time, nn tliry were at firft, being not
Ihaken or mouldered by the Wind and Rains. The Tim-
ber the better Sort make ule of in their Buildings is brought
thither from other Pliucn, Their Walls, as Well as diofc
of their Churchcn, arc neatly whitened, both within and
Without, with very large Heami, Poth, and Doors, all
adorned with curved Work, iK'ttdrs good Pifturcs brought
thither from Spain, and ri< h 1 langings of Tapeftry, or
painted Calicoes, Uiit the I loiilt s ot Pnyla were not of that
fort, tho' their Chun hr« were large and handfome. Clofe .
by the Sea 11 » limll I'ort, which, with Mufqucts only,
commands the 1 larboiir, a* another on the Top of an Hill
commands both tliat ami thii i'ort. They are obliged to
fetch their jrelh Water, lis uifo their Fowls, iiogs. Plan-
tains, and Maiz, from Vtlon, 11 i'own two L«gues North
North-eall from /'rty/d, where a frcfh-water River empties
itfclf into the Sea.

24. 'I'he dry 'I'rae'l of this Country begins to the North
from Cape Ulan, n, ami rcai lies to Coqmmbo, at 30° South Lati-
tude, where I m vcr f 1 w or heunl any Rain, nor of any green
Thing growing, cither in the Mountains or Vallcto, except
in fome I'laces watered conllantly with divers Rivers.
The I'eople of C«/e« arc imieli aildifted to I'ilhing, wliich
they perform in Hark -logs ; Thcfc are compofed of divers
round Logs of Wood, likr a Rafter, but in different Man-
ners, according Co the Die tl-y are hitcndeJ for, or the
Cuftom of the People that make them. Thofc defigned for
I'ilhnig jre only three or lour Logs of light Wood, eight
F'eet long, joined lu each other on the Sides with Wooden
Pegs and Witiics. I'he nuddlcmoft is always longer than
the reft, tfpctially at the lore I'art, which ends, by Degrees,
in a Point, the better to cut the Waves. Thofc intended
for carrying Mcrclmiuh/,c are made after the fame manner
and Shape, of twenty or thirty great Trunks of Trees,
jeined together, thirty or forty icet long. Upon thefe
they faften, with Wooden Pins, another fhortcr Row of
Logs ciofsways. From this double Bottom they raife a
Raft of ten Feet, by the niraiis of I'ofh fct upright, which
arc the Supportcm of' two thick 'I'rces laid acrols each other,
jufl like our Wo(Ml-pilrs, but not fo clofe ay in the Bottom
ot the Float, and at the J'luU and Sides only, the inner
Part king hollow. In this, at four Feet high from the
Beam of the Bottom, thry lay fmall Poles clott: together,
which ferve for a I^lttom of another Room, on the Top
wht-reof they make julUuth another Floor. The firft Story
tervcs for the I lokl, in which thry ftow Ballaft, and Water-
cafks, or Jars i und the licond for the Seamen, and what
belongs to them. Above this fccond lloor the GooeU arc
ftowed, as high as they think lit, which feldom exceeds ten
i-eet. Some Space is Icit Iwhind tor the Stecrfman, and
before for the Kitchen, elJKCiaily in long Voyages, becaufe
they Ibmetimcs go -, or Ooo Leagues. They luve a very
large Rudder, and, in the Midft of this Machine, a Mail,
with a large .Sail, like our Well -country Barges. As they can
not go but Itcfbie the Wind, they are only fit for thole Seas,
wheie the Wiml bliiws conllantly one Way, feldom v.uying
above a Point or two in the whole Voyage betwixt Lima
.-.nd Panama. It fhercalxiuts they meet, as Ibmetimes it
happens, wiih a North-well Wind, they drive before it tiil
it changes, having nothing elt'e to do in the mean whik but
to avoid the Shore ; lor they never link at Sea. Thele loll
Bark-logs carry fixiy or Icventv Tons of Wme, Oil, Flour,
Sugar, Quito Cloth, Soap, drt il! il tioat-tkins, (^c. They
are managed by three or lour Boatlnien only, who, atccr
they come to Pantima, leil both the Goods and VffTel then.
becaufe they cannot go back in them by the Trade-wuid.
The fitbing Bark-logs arc hkcwile ,lui nillied with Malts and
Sails,^ and arc much eaf»r nuiniigcil than the large ones.
Thtlc get out at Night with the Land-winil. and ritian in
the Day-titne with the Sea wind. I hcfe Imall B-nk-legs
are ufcd in a great many Places in the Itiji Indus, auel la
tome in the kaji Mies, On the Coall ol Corcmtndd they
ule only one, or Ibinttimcs two Li^s, made ot a light
Wood, without Sailor Rudder, managed by a fingle Man,
who, with his Legs in the VVattr, ftecrs the Leg with a
I'addlc.

25. The next Town of Conllquencc to Payta is Pittra,
a fpacious Place, forty Miles theiKc, fcateil in a Valley
upon a River, which dilvluij/.n itlclf into the Bay of

2 U Chirap e.

94 ■

Chirafft, at ;• North Latitude. Thii Bay, tho* much
nearer to Puna than P</y/<i, yet it is feldom vil'ittd by
Ship* of Burden, being lull of Shulcs -, but, infte.ul thereof,
they lail to Payta, one of the bell I larbours on the Coaft
of Peru ; being flickered at the South-weft, by a Point ot
l-.aiul, which renders the Bay very fmooth, and confe-
qucndy iafc trom Anchorage, from fix to twenty Fathom
in clear Sand. Moft Ships, lx>und either to the North or
South, touch at Ptyta for frefli Water, which is brought
thither from Colen at a rcalbnabie Rate. Nevmitr j.
early in the Morning, our Men landed four Miles South
ot Payta, where they took fome Prifoners that were fet
tor a VVatch, who told us, that the Governor of PiurM
was come witi> loo Men to their Afliftance : Notwith-
ftanding this, cur Men attacked the Fort on the Hill,
and took it with littfc Opplition ; whereupon the Gover-
nor and Inhabit nts Quitted the Town : Our People foon
entered it, but lounJ it empty of Money, Goods, ami
I'rovilions. The fame Evening, we came with our Ships
to an Anchor not far from the Town, a Mile from the
Shore, at ten I'athom Water i we ftaycd fix Days, in
Ho|ics of getting a Ranfom for the I'own •, but, {lercriv-
lOR we were not likely to luve any, it was laid in Afties.
At Night we fctSail hence, with the Land Wind towards
Lohj. The 14th Day, we came within Sight of the Ifle
of /rfiw de Terra, bearing Eaft from us j and, at Eight o'
Cloik at Night, came to an Anchor at the North-eaft F.nd
ot it, at tour Fatliom Water. The Ifle of Lths dt k
terra is of an indifferent Height •, arkl, at a Diftance, ap-
|xan alidgether like the Ifle of Lobes dt la Mart \ we an-
chorctl at the Northeaft Faid of it, in four Fathom Wa-
ter. It has, at the North Fj»d, a Rock, a Quarter of a
Mile from the Shore 1 and, betwixt it, a Chanel of fcven
F athom W«ir. In the Afternoon, we {Jtilcd with a Soudi-
rtiA. Wind to Ltbot dt la Mart, where we arrived May 19.
The 26th, in the Evening, we difcovercd a Bark at a
Diflance, whkh was fent to fee whether we were ftill in
thefj Seas \ but we, keeping clofe under the Shore, re-
mained there umiifcovcred. .he iqtii, in the Morning,
wr lit S^il for t!)c Bay of Ctiaia, fituate betwutt Caoc
Blanco to the South, and Point Cbandy to the North,
twenty-five leagues from Cafie liUuuo. In the Bottom ot
this Bay lies a liiuU Il>, called St. Qara, extending Eafl
an<l Wert, having many Sholes to the Nort; which makes
the .Siiius, bound for the (iuatuit, to pafs on the South
Sidi; ot It. The Spavutrdi lay, there lies a very rich
Wnik on the North Side ; but tluu there is very hard
coming at a, by re^fon of the great Multitudes of Cat-
fith i whiih Fim is r.ot unlike a Whiting, but with three
Fins on the- Uac k, and oiti: on each Side, whkh luve each
.J Bone-, and, i£ thty 11 r ike into the Fk:ib, it proves fre-
quently mortal : They arc nut with all abng the /imeruan
Ocults, and tikfwifc in the £4// Imites -, their F'lcfli is both
fwtrt ajul wholloinr.

2b. Fioni the Ifles of Si. Clara to Pw$U Arena^ the
fanily Point being the \\ ettermoll Point of the Ifles of
Pmna, is teven Lxagucs Eaft North-eaft : Here Ships,
liounil lor UmiufuJ, take m their PiI«jIs, which live in a
lown ol the laid 1 lie, Ivaiing the liune Name, on the
South Side, fivtn leagues fmin Point --rfrrw. The Ifle
of Puna iitcif IS low, ilrctrhing lourtccn l>eagucs F.all
and \Ntll, ami fivt I xaj^es brooil : It has a ftrong Title
rouiul iIk* Shore, which is l.illof little Creeks and Rivers :
Ncir this 1 own is alinall Point, where the Inhabiuntsarc
obliges! to keep a conftant Watili. The inland Part of
thr Ifle is good Palfuie-ground, intermixed with fome
Wo<id-lands, prodiKing divers, to us, unknown Trees -,
and, amongft the n-ft, abund.mce ol Palmctoes, a Tree
..bout the 1 huknetr. of an ordinary Afti, and thirty Fret
h;L;h, with a flroit liunk, without Uraiu:hes or 1-caf, ex-
cept at tlic very lop, whtrc, fprradmg into fmaJl Branches
three or lour Vea long, each of thern i/roduccs at the Fjc-
nemity one finglc Ixaf, ol the Breadth of a large Fan,
which, ar firfl, Ipouts .ind lpre;uls like a Fan plaited to-
gether, bur, by degrees, o|Kns ar.d Ipaatls like a Fan un-
hjlded IhcHoulesot the I'own ot Puna are built on
Pofls t n or twelve Feet liij;h, iniD v. Inch thty go up by
I .adder., anti are thatched w:tii Palmeto-lcaves : The like
Conifivancc I !jvc ittji ainorn; ti..- Malajani in the Lajl

The VOYAGES of

Book f.

Indies. The bcft Place for Ancliorage is direftly oppojlt,
to the Town, within a Cable's Length of the Shore, r
five Fathom Water. From Puna to Guiapiil is fevfn
Leagues, and one League to the Flntrance ot the Kivrr
Cuiaquily which is two Miles over, and afterwards runs up
into the Country in « pretty ftrait Chanel, the Grounds on
both Sides marmy, and full of red Mangrove-trees : Abou
four Miles on this Side of the Town of Guiajnil the Kivrr
is divided, by a fmall low Ifland, into two Chanels ■, thjt
to the South-weft is the broadeft, though the other is ii
deep. From the upper F.nd of this Ifle to the Town u
near a League, and the River thereabouts of the lamr
Breadth, where a Ship of great Burden may ride wit.>i
Safety, cxpccially ttiwanis that Side where the Town ftaiKi:
It is leateti clofe by the River, partly on an Afcent, am!
{xirtly on the Foot of a fmall Hill, with a great Wkm
towanlt the River-fide. It is defemled by two lort,
ercfted on the low Grounds, and another on the I lill, Ix
ing one of the beft Set Ports bebnging to the Spaniar.:,
in the South Sea, under the Jurifdidlion of a Govanor.
and beautified with divers fine Churche*. and other goul
Buikiings. They export Cocoas, Hides, l'alk)w, .Sarij
parilla. Drugs, and Woolk-n Cloth, calkxl ^ito Qui
The Cocoas grow on lioth Sitles of the River above tht
Town, having a fmaller Nut than thofe of Cainptaih
The SarfapariTla delights in watery Places near the Rivcr
fide i and the f^kito Clcth is made in an InlantI To«
calkd ^itt : It is coarli:, and thrreforc worn only by th
Vulgar all over the Kingdom of Peru.

27. ^niio B a (lopulous Place, felted in the Heart cf
the Country, mhal)iteil by fome Spaniards, by moft Indian:,
under theSfani/b Jurildi^bn, being inck>fcd with a Rulg:
of high Mountains, which abound in Gokl : The Riven
riling amongft them carry abundance of Gold-duft aiori;
with them into the lower Grounds, cfpccially after violc •.
Rains, which is afterwards cleanfed and wafhed from the
Sand, ^uito is reckonai the richeft Place for Gold in ill
Peru, but unwholfome, the Inhabitants being frcquemly
fubjecl to Fevers, Flead-ach, Griping in the Guts, r*!
Fluxes t but Guiaqutl is much more wholfome. Flavtrt;
formed a Defign againft the Town of Gaiaqiu/, we kit
our Ships at Cape Blanco, and ftecred with a Bark, xil
tome Canoes, to the Ifle of St. Clara, in the Bay of Uku
qutl, and thence in two Canoes to Point Arena, whrrr ,i-
took, the next Day, fome of the F"i(hermen of Puna, .1 ]
afterwards their Watch, together with the whole Town oj 1
Inhabitanu. The next tbb, we took « Bark laden w;: ,
I^M/« Cloth, coming from Gniamil; the Mafter where ;
toki us, tfiat there were three Barks full of Negroes cniiing
with the next Tide. From thence we, lying near the Tow.i
of Pana, emlurked all our Men in Canoes, leaving; m :v
five Men aboard the Bark, with Orders not to fire at ar »
thing till next Morning at F ight o' Ckxk, by which tin.o
we luppolixl we fhould have taken the Town. We h.vi
not rowed above two Miles, but we met with, and toc^,
one of the Barks la<len with Negroes ; the Mafter when
laving told us, that the otlier two would not come out t:
the next 'i"idc, we rowed forwanl ; but our Canoes Ix i' ;.
iK-avily laden, it was Break of Day before we came wit!
two leagues of the Town, there being not alwvc .11
Hour's Flood : Now we abtcondeif all Day in an ad jar :
Creek i and, at the fame time, fent one of our Caiiot'"i i )
our Bark left nar Puna, not to fire till the next Day ; tut
to no Purpofe ; for the lietbre- mentioned two Bark^ *^ '
Negroes, being come out of the Haibour with the F.vt '
ing Tide, pfTed by witiiout being fcen or heard by u', ,
and, falling down with the Flbb towards Puna, our B.t. ,
leeing them full of Men, fired three Ciuns at them. If' >'
iHir Canoes could bring them our laft Orders. Mu: *
took the Matten. of both the Barks, as they were nuku
their F.fcape on Shore. The firing of thcfe three tiu;
put us all into a great Contfernation, as not queftuii^ ^
l)ut that thereby tne Townfmcn had taken the Alarm ; a;
therefore lome were for adv.incing to the Town innri
alcly, others for returning to our Ships : But as the 1 : '
Tide hifKiered us from going iipwarils, fo Caiitain D'''.: .
with fifty of his Men, refolved to m.irch by I jnd to ::i
Place ■, the reft, judging it impracticable, remained in t!
Cretk to fee the Iliiic ot the ftu prize. /\ttu tour I h-u. ,

Capt.ii

Chap. I. Captain W 1 1 l i a m D a m p i e r.

Captain Davis am! liis Men, having been almoft choakeii
in the Marches among the Mangrove-woods, returned
without liaving Ucii able to advance far on their Way to
the Town. It was then relblved to row up in Sight ot"
the Town •, and, if wc found ourfclves dilcovcred, to re-
tire without atttmi-ting : So, rowing through the North-
caft Chanel, wc got in the Night in View of the Town,
wi)cn, at tlic Difcnargcof a MuTquct, wc law, on a Ridden,
the whole Town full of Lights \ where, as there was but one
feen belore, tiiis appeared almollan infallible Sign, that wc
were dilcovireil ; but, as fonic alleged, that tncfe Light-i
wireufcdby t\\e Spaniards in the Nights before Holy-days,
as the next Day w.is, they upbr.iidtd Captain Swan and his
Men with Cow.irdicc : We landed in a Place two Miles on
iliisSidcoftheTown.whichbeingall overrun with Woods,
wi wt re forced to expcdt I3ay-liglit. We had two Indian
(iuiilts ■, one was run away from Guiajuil, the other a Fri-
lijin r WL- iiad taken three Days before ; the loft bcinr led by
.1 Cord by one of Captain Davis's Men, who feemeJcneof
the moll forward in tne F.ntcrpri/c ; but now, perhaps, be-
i;iniiiiig to repent his Kalhnels, cut the Rope wherewith the
( iuide was tied, and fo let him make his Kfcajx- into the
Town : When he judged him to be out of Danger of being
1 ; nkcn, he cried out, tliat fomebrxly had cut the Rope \ fo
tli.it, aticrwchadfeaieiied in vainforourCiuides, itwasuna-
nimoiilly rtfolved tiuUiift -, however, about Break of Day,
wc rowed up into the Middle of the River, where we lay
ftill about halt an I lour, without being in the lealt mo-
Itlled Iruni tlie I own, though we landed on the oppofite
Bank to a Becf-clofe, ari'' killed a Cow. We returneil
the ninth to Puna -, an( in our Way, feized upon the
thrci before mentioned Barks, laden with looo hilty Ne-
groes ; out of them we kept about f^ty, and left the reft
with the Barks l)chind -, whereas, if we had carried them
all to St. Maria, on the Ifthinus of Dariftt, we might,
widi their AITillance, lave worked the Gold Mines on
that Side -, and, by cit-fting a Fort or two at the Entrance
of the River of 67. Maria, antl with the Afllftancc of the
Natives our friends, and fome Thoiifands of Englijh and
t'rcncb Privateers from all Parts of the IVeft Indies, have
not only maintained ourfclves there againft all the Power
of Spain, but alio extended our Conquefts to the Coafts
antl Golii Mines of i'^ito.

28. Wc ft Sail again the i jth, and arrived at the Idc

of Vbla the i''th v where, after having provided ourfelves

wiiih frelh Water on the Continent, wc parted our Cloth,

ind relblved unanimoufly to direft our Courfc to Lavelia

a Town in the Bay of Panama. Accordingly we fet Sail

T)ec(miier 23. with abrilkSouth South-weft Wind, towards

the Bay ui Panama. The next Morning, wc pafled in Sight

^ of Cape Pajfao, 8 South of the Line, being a round Point,

but Very high, divided in the Middle, bare towards the Sea,

i but covered with Fruit-trees to the Land Side ■, the Land

[ hilly and wootly. Betwixt this and the Cape St. hrancifco,

^ you fee Abund. nee of finall Points, which inclofe fo many

Cuidy Creeks, iull of Trees of feveral kinds : As our De-

I fiyn was to look for Canoes, in fome River or other un-

: frcf^uc":..s'i hy the SpaniarM, fo our Indian Pilots were but

\ of little life to us : However, as we were indift'crent for

the reft wlut River we came to, fo wc endeavoured to

make the River of St. I ago, by reafon of its Nearnefs to the

lllc of Gallo, in which there was much Gold, and where

there was fafc Anchorage for our Ships. We paftcd by

I Cape St. I'rancifci) -, whence, to the North, the Sea Side

; is full of Trees, of a vait Height and Thicknefs : From

I this Cape the Land runs more etftcrly into the Bay of Pa-

[narna, this Cap<; being its Boundary to the South, as

[the llles of Cobaya or Sluilo are to the North. Betwixt this

[Cape and the lile of Uallo are feveral large Rivers, but

[We pafled them all to go to St. logo, a large navigable

{River, 2° North : About feven Leagues up in the Coun-

[try it divides itfelf into two BratKhes, which inclofe an Ide

f four Leagues in Circumference ; the broadeft is the South-

(weft Chanel 1 they are both very deep, but the narroweft

phos fandy Banks at its pjitrancei fo that, at low Ebb, a

tCanoc cannot pafs over them. Beyond the Ille, the River

lis a League broad, the Chanel ftrait, with a fwitt Cur-

frent \ it flows three Leagues up the River, but to what

[Height, I am not able to tell : It runs through a very

rich Soil, producing all forts of the talleft Trees ufually
found in this Climate ; but efpicially red and whiic Cot-
ton-trees, and Cabbage-trees, of the largcft kind. The
white Cotton-tree grows not unlike an Oak, but much
taller and bigger •, the Trunk ftrait, without any Branches
to the Top, where it fends forth ftrong Branches ; the Bark
is very Imootli, the Leaves of the Bignefs of a Plum-tree-
leaf, tiark-green, oval, fmooth, a"d jagged at the Ends •,
they arc not always bigi^eft near the Roots, but often in the
Midtlle of the Trunks. The Cotton they hear is Silk
Cotton, which falls in Ntr.tmber and December upon the
Ground ; but not lb fubllantial as that of the Cotton-lTirub,
but rather like a Down of Thirties j they don't think it
wonh their while to gather it in the JVeft Indies, but in
the Eaji Indies ihcy put it into their Pillows. In April du
old Leaves fall ofT, which, in a Week's time, are fupplied
by freft). The red Cotton-tree is fomewhat lefs ; but, for
the reft, altogether like the other ; except that it produces
no Cotton, and its Wood hard, tho' both are fomewhat
fpongy \ they are found in the fat Grounds, both in tiic
Eaft and IVefi Indies. The Cabbage-tree is the talleft in
thofe Woods, fome being above izo Feet high: It is
likewife v/ithout Boughs or Branches, except on the Top,
where its Branelus are of the Thicknefs of a M.in's Arm,
and twelve or fourteen Feet long ; two Feet from the Stem
come forth linall long Leaves, of an Inch bro.id, \o thick
and regular on both Sides, that they cover the whole Br.inch :
In the midft of thefc high Branches ftioots forth tiie Cab-
Ixige itfelf J which, when taken out of the outu .iid Leaves,
is a Foot in Length, and of the Thicknefs of the Small
of a Man's Leg, being white like Milk, fwcet and whol-
fome : Betwixt the Cabbages and the large B.anches fprout
forth other Imall Twigs, two Feet long, very clofe toge-
ther ; at the Extremities of which grow hard and round
Berries, of the Bignefs of a Cherry, which, once a Year,
fall from the Trees, and are excellent Food f >r the Hogs.
The Trunk has Rings half a Foot afunder, the Bark is
thin and brittle, the Wood hard and black, and the Pith
white ; as the Tree dies after its Head is gone, they cut
them down before they gather the Fruit.

29. As the Coaft and Country of Lima has continual
dry Weather, fo this Part of Peru is fcldom without Rains ;
which, perhaps, is one Reafon why they have made but
fmall Difcoverics on diis Coaft : Add to this, that when
they go from Panama to Lima, they don't pafs along the
Coaft, but liiil up to the Weft, as far as the Cobaya llles,
for the Weft Winds, and thence ftand over to the Cape St,
Francijle : In their Return they coaft it ; but their Ships,
being then laden, are not fit to enter the Rivers, which,
as well as the Sea Side, are covered with Woods and Bufties,
and therefore are fit Places for the Natives to lie in Ambuf-
cade. Thefe Indians have fome Plantations of Maizand Plan-
tains, as alfo fome Fowls and Hogs. We entered the Ri-
ver of St, lago, with four Canoes, December 27. by the
lefter Branches, and met with no Inhabitants till within fix
Leagues of its Mouth, wiiere we difcovcrcd too fmall
Huts, thatched with Palmeto-leaves -, und, at the fame
time, Indians, with their Families and houdiokl Goods,
paddling againft the Stream much fafter than we could row,
bccaufe they kept near the Banks. On the oppofite Side
to the Weft, we law many other Hutr a League off i but,
the Current being very rapid, we did not cue to venture
crofs it. In the two Huts, on the Eaft Side, we found
nothing but a few Plantains, Fowls, and one Hog, which
liremed to be of the European Kind, fuch as the Spaniards
brought formerly into Jmerica, but efpccially to Jamaicn,
liifpaniola, and Cuba, where they feed in the Woods (be-
ing marked beforehand) in the Day-time -, and at Night
are called, and kept in Pens, by the founding of a Conch-
ftiell. On the Continent di .tmerica, they don't turn their
Hogs i -.CO the Woods. We returned the next Morning
into the River's Mouth, with an Intention to fail on to the
Ilk of Gallo, where we had onlcred our Ships to meet us.
This Ille is but fmall, and wthout Inhabitants, feated at
3" North Latitude, in a fpacious Bay, three Leagues from

the River Tomaco,

and four Leagues and a half from an

Indian Village of the fame Name : It is indifferently high,

and well ftorcd with Timber-trees : At the North-eaft End

is a good fandy Bay, near which is a fine Spring of frelh

« Water,

5?6

The VOYAGES oj

Book I.

•i- .J

., ,^

iti«

I ! lli

t :

Water, anil againft the Bay is very j^ooil Aiirhor.iK". •>£ f'X
«>r Icvfn Fatliom Water \ thtrr is but tmc ChaiKl to ap-
proach tht Itlc at tour Fathom Water, but you rnurt go
in with the Float, ami romeout with the F-bb. The River
ot Temiho, fuppolcil to have it« Rile amongrt iIk nth
Mountains ot i^itc, has borrowti.l its Name trom an ad-
jacent Village «r the Canu Nainc. Its Banks arc well
\>coplcil by thi' Indians, anil fonie Sfanumls, who traftick
tor CioiJ witii thcni. It is lo Ihaliow at tin- Fnfraiue, that
only Baiivs cm\ enter it. The lown ot 'Icm,u» is a linal!
I'l.ue, llatcii near the Mouth ot' a River, tor the i'.nttrtain-
jiient of the Spaniards, who trairuk in tliolf I'.'.rts, I'roni
this FUcc to the Branch ot" the River ot St. I.tgo, wiiero
wc then were at Anchor, is live l.eapues. As the l^ml
here is low, anil full ol' Cretk<, w>' icit the Rivir Dfum-
her 2 1. anil irollVil tlul'e Imall Bays in our Camus : In our
Way SM- law an Indian i loule, whence wc took ti.c Malh-r,
anil whole I atnily, ani! lb rowcil I'orwanI, ami came at
Twvh'fc at Night to Tcuuuo : Here w fcizeil \.\\^m all the
Inhabitants ; ami, among the reft, one Dun Dirgode Vinas,
a Sp^fniih Knight, whole Ship was not taroflf at .Anchor to
l.ulc 1 iinbir : So wr took her, ami loumt tliirtien Jars ot
f^oo.! W iiie a'.xwrJ !uT, but no otiier lading. An Indian
Canoe came aboard us with three ot the Natives who
\\( re ftra;t and weii-lnilx-d, but ot low Star\ire, with black
1 l.iir, !i,ng \'ifagcs, and fmall Noi'es and F.yts, and ot a
il.irk Complexion. 1 he pit, Icvcral of our Men, who
lud Ixren Kvcn or eight Leagues up the River, relumed
with tlieir Canoes, and brought along with them tome
Ountcs of Gold they lud tound in a Spanijb lioute, but
the People were fled.

30. January 1. 1685. as we were going in our Canoes
from Tcmafo towards Ijalle, we took a Packet of l.etters
in a Spanijb Boat, firnt trom Pirama to Lima, whereby
wc u'lderilood, that the Prefi.icnt of Panama wrote to
haften the Piatt F"leet thither trom Lima, the .^rmiaiu from
Spain bring come to Perit-Belio : This News loon made
us alter our Refolution ot going to Lobelia \ inllead
whcrcot', It was rel'olvcd to remkvvotis among tlw A'ci^'; or
Ptarl Mands, nut far diftai t trom Panama, and by which
all Ships, bound to Panama tioin the Coait ot Lima, m'.ilt
of Ncitlfity pals. Accordingly wc lailed the 7th •, the
8t'), *e took a Ship of 90 Tons, Lulcn with Flour, and
tontinucJ our Voyage, with a gentle South Wind, towards
Cer^^nia, an lilc twuiiylivc Lc.tgucs dittant trom that of
Gattc, where wc anchurcd the oth, at the Well Side ot it,
in thirty-eight Fathcm tiraji Ciround, two Cables Length
from the Stiore, in a lamly B.iy, th.- 1 jml againft it very
low. This Iflc li f.atcd at 3^ North Latitude, and is re-
markable for two high Kilings, calletl the SaiiMti : Its
Length is two Leagues, and itsBreaiith one League, alxjiit
lour leagues from the Continent, At the ,W til I.ad is
anothrr tiiull IPu. Gcrgoma is lull ot largr 1 ret*, and
watered by many Rivukts : It lia'i no otiitr Animals l>ut
Monkies, Cunn:-, an.l Snakes: It is exiremely lut)|ect to
Kain^ i and i'k- only DilTcrencc obfcrvable in the Scafons
is, ti.at in the Suinmer the Rams an* mon mcxlerate. The
Sea round ir i-. to deep, that there is no Amlioragc, except
at the Well Fji.i, wiiert the Tide riiVs eight Fixt. MulleU
and I'v riwlitklci ai ■ hi re in great Plenty : I Jic Monkies
«.pcn the ShciK at Low-watrr. Hire are alio Abundance
of Ptarl-oytkrs •, ihele are tixx! tour, hvc, or fix Fathom
ui'.der Water, to tiic loofe Rocks, by Beards, or fmall
RiKits like the MulTls : They arc like uur Oyftcrs, but
foiiKthing flatt:r and thinner •, the Flefh is flimy, and tvA
tu l>e eaten, ur.lels dried bt-torthand, and boiled ; fomc have
twenty or thirty Seed pearls, oihcrsonc or two pretty large
ones, lyjng at tiie Head ot tl.e UylUn, betwixt the Fi.1i
rind the Shell 1 bi:t the Infidc ol the Pearl cariics a brighter
1 aiftrc than the Pearls thctnlclvcs. The 1 3th, wc purfued
(,;ir Voyage to the King's Ifii, l>cing now two Men of
War, ana two 1 cnders, one lirefhip, and the Pnzc : We
ailed forward with the common Trade-wind South, along
low I jnd on [he Cuntinci;t near the Sea Side, but with a
i'roljxdt ot Mountains deeper into the Country. The
nth, we pafTed by Cape 6ffr/e»/«, at 5' 10 laauide, l-»c-
ing an iiigh Point, with four fmall Hi'llotk.: on the Top ,
thcCuntiit then running llrung to the North. Fhc iift.

we came in Sight of Point Ctr.ntina, at 7* 20 \nr;i,
Ijtitiide. The Land is high, rocky, and without Tr/,;
near the Sea Side : Within tlic Point is plenty of Oyil(
and MulVcls. Alxiur twelve Leagues frotn tins Point, a
the King's or Prar/ //Its; betwixt thcic and the hiio,
mentioned Point ot (iaraitina, is a fmall, flat, luir
Ifle, called Gallerin, near which we came to Antloi
that time. The King's or Piarl l/les arc a gooti Num; f
o* low wiKxIy llles, fcven Leagues from the Cont;n !•
aid iwilvc I cagiKS from Panama, and fourteen L.-mii

ill Length North North-well by North, and South e.ip 1
South. In the Maps they .ire called the Ptarl IJlts, • ;

1 never could lie one Peail-oyller, or any thing lil;, .
nc.irthiMi. Ihe Noithermoll of theft is called 7 'j,/,
or Paibtqut, a liiiall Ifle, eirven or twelve Leagii;-, t;,,|
Panama ; the Name of that moll ^'outh is St. Paufi ; tl.i r :

t ho' bigger, h.ivc no |)articulai Names. Some of tint .i '
planted with Plantains, Bananas, and Rice, by tlie Nigru
Ix lunging to the Inhabitants of Panama. The Chanel, '
twixt them ami the Continuit is fevtn or eight Lc.i' i
broad, of a moderate Prj.th, and has good Anchorii);j
along . The Ifles, tho' lying rloi;.- together, yet havr c',
Chaneis tit for Boats. At the Fnd of S.'. Paul's Iflc ...
convenient careening Place, in a gooil deep Clu.ul, ;.-'
doled by the i^md. You nuill entrr in on the n'u::;i
Side, where the fide riles ten Feet ptrpcnditular. i '

2 5il>, we brought cur Ships in with a Springtide , j;
alter having deat'ed our Barks tirll, we fcnt them tl.. / -
to cruife towards Panama: Thvy brought us, the 1....;::,
Day alter, a Pri/e, i-oming f-o.ii lutitlia wiih Ma;/, c
dndum Lom, lalted Beef, and bowls. Lavtiia is a l.i:
Town, featcd on the Bank of a River, on the Norh - j
of the Bay of Panma, feven Leagues from the Sea i, ;
At S'ata IS another Town, feated in a Plain, near ano: ;;:
Branch ot the l.uiic Rivcr: ThcIc two Places lupply /';.
n^ina with Hogs, Fowl, Beef, and Maiz. In the llr-
lx>ur where we careened, wc found Abundance of Oyilr: ,
Mullcls. Limpifs, and Clams i tliefi: laft arcOyfteis tv!
Ilick fo dole to the Rocks, that you mull open them wiur;
they grow, if you will cat the Meat. Wc aJfo met wiu
Ibme Pigtoiis and rurtle-doves.

.j I Uur Ships Ixring well careened by the 14th cf //
hu.ir\; and tiovided with Fud and Water, wc LiKd , :
trom amonf;ll the Ifles the i8th, and anchored in the gi^.:
Chanel, betwixt the Ides and the Continent, at fii[.;:i
l-athom Water, loft ouly Ground 1 and the next I)i.
cruifed in the Chanel towards Panama, about which th-
Shore appears very Ixauii'ul, with Variity of fmall Wmxii
and Hilisj belidts flut, a League from the Contm.rt,
ycu fee divers fmall Illes, fcattered panly with Trees-, ji.j
the King's Iftts, on tlie other Side the Chanel, alTord \
very tair Profpe^l, according to their various Shajvs urJ
Situations. I'he i6th, wc anchored within a Ix-tgu. ..;
the llland of P.iihtqtie, in fiventeen Fathom Water 1 a; I
tiic iSth, llecred our Coiirlc with a North North->Jl
Wind direi'ily towards Panama, whtre we anchored u-
ric'lly oppolit • to Old Panama, once a Place of N.tf m
tlvofe Parts •, but the greardl Part thereof being Ln i in
Afhes in i()7<. by Sir Henry Morgan, it w.is never nbirh
fincc. Alxjut lour I.eagucs from the Ruins ot Old Pananu,
near tlie River Side, llands NrM Panama, a very har=ii-
tome City, in a li)acious Bay of the fime Name, in!J
which dilcmlioguc many long navigable Rivers, U^n::
whereof are not without IJold ; Ix-fidcs that, it is beauti-
fied with many plealant Illes-, the Country about it af^Vnl-
ing aUdighttuI Profped to the Sea, by rcafon of \ jr
ty of adjacent Hills Valleys, Groves, and Plains ; I :.:
1 loulcs are lor the moll prt of Brick, and pretty lo'tv,
efpccially the Prcfidcnt's ; the Churches, Monalleries, arJ
otlier jxibht Struaures, which make the btft Shew 1 rv.:
faw mthe/ZV// Jndtes : It is encompaffcd with a high \N. '
ot Stone, on which are mounted a good Number ot Giih:,
which foiiricily were only planted to the Land Side, 1-:
now alio 'o the Sea. This City has a vaft Trafhck, .■
being the Staple for all Gooils to and from all Parts C
Peru and LhiH -, befides that, every three Years, when the
Spanijh Armada comes to PortB-Belh, the Phitc-ncet conv.
tliithtr with th; King'* Plate, bcfidcs what beio-gs to if •

Mtahonr;,

V>cok I. ^B Chap. I. Captain William Dampie

Merchantf ■, whencr it n carried on Mules by I, ami to
Perla-Be/lo, at which time every thing is cxtcirivc dear
at this I'lacc.

32. The Spamjb Armada, which comes every three
Years into the f^iji Indies, arrives firft of all at Cuirlhit-
ttna •, whence they difpatch immediately an I'.xjmts by
Land to Lima, una another with two Packets ot letters
by Sea, one tor the Viceroy of Peru at Lima, the other
tor ti»c Viceroy ot Mexico. I cannot ablbkitcly tell which
Way the I'acket for Mexico goes, after its Arrival at Porto-
Btllo, whethr by Sea or Land •, but I fiippofe by Sea ro
La VeraCruz ; but that for Limn got', by Land to P.imim.i,
and fo by Sea to Lima. Upon this CXcafion I cannot hut
lell the Re.uler, that fome time lietbre my going to the
.Souti\ Seas, being then alx>ard Captain Coxon\ Ship, in
Company of three or four other I'rivateers, we took the
Packets Ixjiind from Carihagena to Porto- Bella, four LeajTucs
from this laft Place : In them we tbund many Ixtters from
the Merchants of Spam, direfted to their Corrfljmndent'!,
intimating, that the fame Year a certain Proplitcy bting
■ publiflied in Spain, that Ibme Lngti^ Privateers woulil open
' thcmfelves a Way into the South Seas, they defirul tiiem
Into be upon their Guard. As by this Way we underftnod
(the Paffage by Land over the Illhmus of Darien, and thnCe
) Indians hail (ought our AfTiilancc of late againit the Spa-
iHiards, fo this gave us tlie firft Lncouragement to venture
luptm that Knterprize •, and as we knew ihc Spaniards to be
la bigottcd (jencratir.n, we fent mortof the Letters (fealed
jup again) to Porto-Bello to augment their Fear. The firft
; Occalion ot our contracting a Kricndlhip with the Indians,
ion the llUimus of Darttn, happened thus. About fifteen
f;Ye.irs Ixfore, Captain /rr/^i/ took a young Irdian \m\,
latnoiij^ the Jambuilo idis, unto whom he gave the Name
lof 'John Gnilt, anil heftowed him atttrwanls upon fome
iJiUjiiioes, who c.irricd him to their Country, where he
lairied, learned their L.anguage, and ftaid among them till
fix or eight Months before our taking the laid Packet.
Captain U'rtgbt took another Indian Boy, twilve Years
the vSon of a Man of Note among them, v/honi he
parried to the Country of the Mojiitoes, to be educated by
km ; Here, meeting witii John (Watt, he perfuaded the
[Captain to rcilore the Boy to his Frienils, anil thereby to
Commence a Friendlhip with them i but, the Captain allig-
ng the Fierccnefs ot thole Nations, Gratt offered his Scr-
hie to bring the Mattir about: Accordingly, being let
lliore in liis Indian Habit, he called out to them in his
j>wn I'ongue •, and tluy acknowledging him for their Coun-
ryman, he projwied a rtridl Alliance with the Engltjh ;
Jlcging, that they were a good fort of People, and de-
flared iMiemics of the Spaniards ; telling alfo the Father of
Boy, that if he would go aboard the Veflel he fliewid
Hem, Ixing at Anchor, he might have his Son again :
thereupon about thirty of them went aboard Captain
Vrigbt with Rtfrclliments •, iind, being kindly entertained
they returned with the Boy and Captain K^ri^ht
more, and entered into a llriiit Confederacy againft the
taniards ; and thereby opened the Way by Lanil into the
k)uth Sias, the Diiiovery wlureol is, in a great meafure,
ving to tJic belorc-inentiontd Letters, and taking ot 'John
ira/l.

jj. But, to return to the Spanijh Jrmadaa^. Carihagena :

Liter a Stay of lixty l)a)s in this I'ort, it fails hence to

ttrSo-Bello, where it remains only thiny Days, and takes

the King's 'I'reafurc brought tiiither from Panama,

liidi is Hitd to amount to 24,000,000 Pieces of Fight,

(fides I'late and Cioods belonging to the Merchants.

yhen the Merchants Ileal the Culiom of the Plate, they

piV. it up among Merchandize, and lend it to yera Cruz,

on the River Cbagrc, where they fail liosvn the River,

id lb go tarther by Sea to Porto-Bello : From this Har-

mr they weigh Anchor precilely on the 30th Day to the

liver's Mouth, where the Admiral will ibmetiines ftay

[Week longer to oblige the Merchants. From Perto-

)illo the Armada returns to Carihagena, where it meets

Kth tiie King's Money, brought thither out of the

Duiitr^', as alio with a large Spantjh Cialleon, (called by

em a l^uache) which, upon thetirft Arrival of the Ar-

»da ai Ciirtbngena Irom Spain, goes along the Coaft to

iher tin- King's Tribute. After 4 fee Time, the Ar-

R. <?7

mada returns from Carlbagena,\iy the Way t)r the Ffavanna,
in the Ifle of Cith/t, where, meeting with the Flota, or a
fmall Squailron of Ships, come thither fif)m IWa Cria,
with the Rk-hes of the City and Country of Afexico, and
whaf is brought thither by the annual Sliip from the PbUip-
pine Iflis, they all Join, and fail tot Spain, tinoiigh the Ciulph
of Ilortda. Porto-Bello bting an unhealthy Place, the
Menhants of Lima make as lliort Stay there as they p<if-
fibly cm : But Panama is feated in a much • r Air, as
enjoying the Benefit of Sea Wind from ten or eleven of the
Clock in the Morning, till eight or nine of the C lock at
Night, and the Land Wind from nine, till the Morning •,
belides that, Panama having on the Lind-fide an open
champagne Country, it is feldom troubled with Fogs \
nor is the wet Scafon, which holds from May to Kovembtr,
fo cxcenivc at Panama, as on the other Side of the Uav,
tho' it is fcvere enough in the Months of "June, July, .ukI
jiuguji, in which Sealbn the Merchants of Peru, who ate
uled to a conftant fercne Air, without Rain or Fog;, rut
oft" their Hair, to prcfervc them from Fevers, whilit tluy
arc obliged to ftay here.

34. The 20th, we anchored within a League of tliric
little rocky liles, called the Perico Iflands •, and, the 21ft,
took another Prize, la<!cn with Hog's, Beef, Fowl and S.ilt,
from Lavelta. The 24th, fteered over to the Ifle of Ta-
bago, in tlie fame Bay, fix Leagues South of Pm.:ma :
Its F,rngth three Miles, and its Breadth two. It is very
rocky and rteep, cxcei't on the North Side, wIktc it has
an eafy Defcent •, and, as the Soil is bl.ick and good up to
the Middle of the Moi'ntains, they produce abuiular.cc of
Fruit, as Plantains, Bananas, and, near the Sea-fide,
Cocoa and Mammee-trecs •, thefe laft are large and ftiait,
without Knots, Boughs, or Bunchrs, and lixty or fcventy
Feet high. At the Tops fprout out fome fmall Branches,
thick and clofe together •, the Fruit is oftheBigncfs of ,-1
large Quince, round, and covered with a grey Rintl, which,
before it is ripe, is brittle ; bur, when come to M.iturity,
grows yellow, and will peel with F.afe. The ripeF'ruit is
of the fame Colour, li'ice a Carrot, fmells and taftes well,
and has two rough tlat Stones in the Middle, each of the
Bignefs of a large Almond. The South-weft Side is
c(jvered with Trees and Fire-wood, but the North Side
h,is a very fine fiefti-water Spring, which falls trom the
Mountains into the Sea. Near it tbrmerly ftood a pretty
Town, with a fair Church, but the great.ft Part has been
deftroyed by the Privateers. Oppofite to the Town, a
Mile from the Shore, is good anchoring, fixteen or
eighteen Fathom Water, Ibtt oufy (Iround. At the
North North-weft Fnd lies a fmall Town, ca\ki{*Tcl'a-
gtlla, with a Chanel betwixt both ; and, on the North-eaft
Side of -Tobagilla, another fm.ill one, without a Name.
Whilrt we were at an Anchor near Tobagilla, we were in
great Danger of being trepanned by a pretended Merchant
of Panama, who, under colour of trading privately
with us, bnught his Bark laden with Merchandize in the
Night to the South of the Perico Ifles, where we were then
at Anchor, according to his Appointment, which was
intended tor our Dellrudion ; for, inrtead of a Bark, he
advanced with a Firelhip, pretty near us, hailing us with
the Water word. Thereupon, fome of our Men, more
fufpiiious than the rcif, bid her come to an Anchor •, which
Ihe not doing, they tired at her ; which fo terrified the
Men, that they got into their Canoes, after they had fit
her on i' lie, and we were tbrced to cut our Cables, to efcape
the Danger. At the lame time Captain S'.i'a^ who lay a
Mile from us at Anchor, law a fmall Float, with only one
Man upon it, driving towards his Ship, but foon after
ililapjK-ared ; he fupiwlcd this to have been a Machine, made
up with combuftible Matter, to faften to his Riulder, (as it
hap{iened to Captain Wrtr/>d near Coqi/imbo) but that the
Fellow, thinking himfelf difcovered, had net Courage
enough to go forward in the Enterprize ; but Captain Swan
thought alio fit to cut his Cables, and 'o keep under Sail
all Night, The Firefliii) wxs framed and managed by one
Captain Bond, who formerly run away from us to the Spa-
niards, without whole Afiitlancc they could not have
fitted her out, it being almoft incredible, how grolly
ignorant the Spaniards, efpecially in the South Seas, are
in Sea AfVairs •, nay, which is worfe, you feldom fee above
2 C one

The V OY AGES of

Book I

•i

i <■

h : f

one .syuw/jr,/ Jpt-rluM the Comniafulrr) in one of thnr
Stiip* in ilii- U'fjt l-U:a, all the reft being /*/m*j In tl»*
Morning, while wc wrrc bufy in nrovering our Anchors
wc lUlcuvinil i yihok I'k-ct of Cjnoei, full oi Mfn,
pU betwixt l\!>agilla and the ocher Ille, wlio proved
HHgliJb Aiul Ir(H(b I'rivatitr^, Utcljr come out ot the
North .Sc4 OMT the Ijibmuj ot Dantm there were 280
in all, iv' I'rtHu; and ^oEitfltJh; thdc laft were uken
aboard C aptain Davij, and Captain Swan, anil the rell put
into otir I ij:w I'ri/.c, under the Comnund ot Laptajii
6V<'///, their Country nun : In Urturn lot whi»h, he oncreti
Captain D.nu, anil Ciptain Swan, each a Coininiirion
from tiie (njvcrnor (,l Pttit (iMxt. it being their Curtom
to carr>' aLr.R with thcni blank CommilTionj from the laid
(«jvf rnor. Captain Davis accepted «)f one i but Captain
Swan, hjv ing one tvom the PuKcof 2«r*, rrfiifi-d it.

35. F.> ry tiling; Iving thus ddjofed, welit Sail, A/jrcA
the 2d, tDwanli the Cmlph ot Si. Mubati, in i]\xi\ ot
Captain Totviil/y { who they told m wai coining with iSo
K>ij(iijb over the ^hmas v( Ddhen/. I'hu Gulph Irs
thiry I/eagiies South-eaft from Pmimm, and you nmlt
turn tor yoi:r PafLge betwixt the Aiw/'/ Iflti and tlic Con-
tinent. In It many Rivers difemt)o^uc into the Sea: On
the Sobih it IS bounded by the I'oint Carratbiita, at 6"
40 North latitude, and to the North by St. Lertnza \
uhereaj thr N.in.e ot Point data. Una, m the Ma| \ is
given to the North Ca^K, ami that ot the South v.apc
quite Ictt out, as well as that 01 .SV. l^rrmt, which pro-
|irrly lielongs to the North Cajie. The moft roiled Kivrr«,
that dikhiiye thcmlclves into the (iulph of St. .Muhatl,
are St. Muna, Ajin/e, andCow^e . This latt ha^ its Kiie far
in the C ouniry, and, being joir.ei! by many fmall Streams
on both Sides, difembogues on the North Side oi this
(julph, a L/*aguc from Ca^v St. Ltrtmi : It is deep and
navigable lomr Leagues into the Country, but not vrry
broad. It is ncglecK-d by tlic Spsmarjj by reafon ot its
Ncarncl's to St. Atana, where tliry havr their (jold Mines
As I was never in tl.is Kivrr Samk», fo I cannot lay much
of It, except that the IkIc at it! Mouth frtms to denote
it a large Kivcr: It empties iilrll mtothc Sea on the South
Side (.f ihe Ciu'.ph near (Jariubins. Between the Mo«iths
of thrl'c two Rivers, on either Side ol the (iulph, it runs
narrower toward* the i and, making live or fix Illes , be-
yond wiikh, lietjK-r inward, the Shore ctofcs to near, with
two Points of iow l^nd, as to make a ffrtight Cluiicl, not
h<Uf a Mik- l>road. Tins is t.'ic !• ntrancr to the mnermoft
Part ot the tiulpti, making a Bay ol tliree Leagues over,
to the Eaft Knd when of .ire tlie Nlouihs of divers Rivers,
but el'pecially ot A/. AUrut, the larg'-ll Kiver of alt tJiat
fallit into ihis Ciuiph, l>cing navigaok- tor eighr. or nine
LeagiK-s, as tar as tlw, 1 ulc flows ; Ixyond which, it is
diviocd into Icvcral Hranclirs, tit only tor Canoes : Tljc
Fiood nics eighteen Feet in this River. Near (ix Leagues
to the iioufi ut the 1. nuance of the River ot St. Alarm,
the Spaniards Ui.:t, aU.uf twenty Years ago, the Town
of St. Maria, on account ot its Ncarnets to the Ookl
Mines. Soon aim 11 wai taken by Captain CtxoH^ Harm,
and Sharfe, but v/ai rebuilt lixm attcr again -, for, when
CapUin Harris the Nepliew (»t the former, took it a (- eond
time, he found »n it great Store ot Wine, iron Piek-ix-^,
and oth;-r Inllniinents the Slaves uled in digging the
Gold-mmts. I have been told, that, befidcs what Gold
they got out ot the Orr and Saiid, they foiimi Ibmctimcs
Lumps as big as an Hen's Egg, and bigger, wciigcd in
betwix: the Rocks. Such a one Mr, Hams {who got
1 20 Pounds ot Gold there itept by him •, it has frvcral
Crevices tull ot Lanli and Uu'l. In the adjacent Mines
the Spamardi employ thcit Slaves in a dry Seafon ; but,
when the Rivers ovciflow, they can't work without great
Inconvcnicncy ; and then it is, that the hoianj walh the
Gold out of the Sands, torced down from the Mountains
by the violent Rains, which the Spaniards buy ot them,
and gain as much by it as they do by tficir Mints -, tor]
during the wet Scafor, they retire with their Slaves toPd-
nama. Captain Grentt faw Captain Tevmlty, with lui Crew,
ut this Town, making Canoes, it being at that ume aban-
doned by the Spaniards. Near the Mouth of this River
of S: Maria, on the North Side, they have lately built
anutti.c Town, called SiUibaJarces, being a more airy

Place than that of Si. Marta • Tlie I jnti .ill about the CJuh S
M low and fertile, producing Aliumlance ot Urge Trees.

36. March \. as we wete fteering for the (.iulph, Cjp.
uin SwM kept near to the Continent, as we did ncarrr
10 the Kinf^s (fits \ where, at Two of the C lock in ttu
Aftrmoon, near the Place where wc hadcarcened our Shiii,
wc met Captain TtunJiy, with his Crrw, in two Biulo
arhuh tliey lud taken, one laden with Brandy, Wine, ami
Sugar, and the other with Hour. As he wanted Room tw
lus Men, and had Occafion tor the Jars in which the Sm-
niardj carry their Wines, Bramly, and OU, in thefe I'«ts
containing feven or eight (iailons apiece, he diOnbordl
Part ther-of amon^ll our Ships, Ixing then all at Anchor
anwng the Kings l/lands : But, as it was towards the lat
tcr hoxl of the dry .Seafon, and all the Water dried up, w-
tailed to the Point ot Garra<Una, in ho|ies ot finding treih
Water. I'lic 2 1 1>, we anchored two Miles f rtwn the Pour,
and tuund the Tide very llrong, coming out of the Kivrr
Sambt. I he 2 2d, we anchored at fowr Fathom withm
the Point \ we found the Tide to rkJe nine Feet, and the
Flood to let North N orth-eaft. and the F.bb South South-
weft : 1 he Natives Iwtxight us fomc Kefreftiments -, bui,
as ihey did not umlerlfand in the leatl the Sfanijb Tongur,

1 luppofe they ha»l no t,"ominerce with the Sfamatl.
Meeting with no trclh W'.«er here, we fct Sail tor Pirti
Finos, lying (even leagues Southward by Weft hence, it
7" Nortti Loitiiiute. It derived its Name from the vni
Numben of Pine-trees growing Kntit. The Country ni«,
trom the .Sea Side, by a gentle Atcent, to a confidcrsbi:
Height, and is pn try wocxly near the Shore : At the tn-
trance of the 1 iarbuur are two (mail Rocks, whKh render
the Palii4(e into it narrow, and the Harbour but of a (len-
der Compafs ; befides that, it lies expoied to the Soutii.
weft W ind. This made us not go into the Harbour, Lut
lend our Boats to tctch tome freth Water, which they could
not perform, by realon ot the high Sea near the Shore , (j
we turned towards Point (Saracbina, where we amv?d
the 29th. In our Way, we took a Vetlel kden with Co-
coa from CvMfat/ .- Findmgouttclvc* here dfodifappuirtcd
in getting ot freth Water, we failed the 30th tor Tv^a/i,
with a South South- weft Wind, being now in all nine Shiii.
.fpril I. wc anchored at the Ille of Fatbt^ut, and tli'. .J
at Ptruo: Uur Men took a Canoe, with tour Indians, li
a MuLtto I who, being found to have been in the lorn
Firethip that wu fciu oi.t to burn our Ship, was hangrl
immediately. W'hilft we were employed in ftlhng of W jttf,
and cutting of Wood tor Fuel, we lent four Canoes toiK
Continent, to get fume Sugar in ttie adjacent Sugar worh,
to nuke our Ctxoa up into Chocolate , but efpeaally to gn
Ionic Coppen, which wc much wanted to boil our Viftuu
111, lincc our Number was to confidcrably increafcd : Thor
brouglit us three Copi^ers. In tlie mean while, Captua
yj*:ii {ent his Bark to the Ifle of Otofue, feated in the Bai
ot Panama, but uninhafjited, except by a few Negro-
Slaves, who bred up fomc Fowls and Hogy there. Hcrt
our Men met with a Mctrmger lent to Ftmama, with n
Account that the Lima Fleet wa^ failed : Moft ot the ix".-
tcrs had tx-en thrown into the Sea -, yet, out of the rcmiin
ing Parr, wc undirftood that the Fleet wa» tx)ming UTi-Vr
a Convoy, <(jm5>')rr,i of all the Ships of Strength that th<y
l-ni licen able to bring together trom Pent. Being informed
that the King's Ship-s always came that Way where «
now lay, wc taik-d the loth (torn Tobago to the King's Ip:.
and the nth aiuhored at t.'-e PI ice, where wc careenrt.
i lere we met with Caprain Harris, who had brought abng
with liim fomc Men (we hait heard the Indians mentiun
lictore; from the River St. Maria, but they were notnev
fo many u they reported. The 19th, 250 Men were fent in
Canoes to the Rivcr Cbtapt, to furpritc the Town ot th:
(ame Name. The 21ft, wc followed, and arrived the

2 2d at the Ific ot Chtpttio, a plcafont Idand, feated in c.V
Bay ot P.tnama, lirs-en leagues trom the City of that Nan*,
and one League from the Contiiirnt, being about t«
Miles long, and m many broad, low on the North Side,
but rifmg by an ealy Alirent to the .South. The Soila
very good, pro;tucing in the low Grounds Store of deli-
cious Fruits, (uch as Plantains, Sapaditlocs, Av()gato-|»eafS
Mammces, Mammce-.Sapotas, Starapplts, ijc. On i^i*
North Side, half a Mile from the Shore, is a good Anchnf-

Chap. J- Qiptiiin William Damfier.

mg-plicc, wlicrc ii »lfo a vrry gooJ ipring of frefti Wa-
icr near the Scii-lidc. 'Ihii. Ille lies ilirciily oppofite to
the River Chcupo. The Sapatliltio-trce i» aliogcthrr 'ike a
I'ear-trcr, ami tlir Iruit likr a Burgamot-pear, only it i»
ibmnhmg longer: When it ii lirft g.ither«l, it is hani, and
ihc Juice clammy » biit, a iVw Iljy* after, bstomes juity
and fwi-rt •, it has two or tlitcr bUck K..rncU, like a I'om-
pion-fffd. The Av^gato Pur tree is a» high, ant! higher,
tJian our IVar-tret*, w.th a b!a»k, but fmooth Bark, large
oval I -caw'.s I tiif !• niit ot the Bij^iKiii of a large 1 /-mon,
ota green Colour .u tirlV, Lut yellow when ripe. The I'ulp
it yellowilh, and ai I'ott M Hutter \ and, atter they nave
bern aatlwrcd thrrc or four Days, the Rind will come oft"
with Kile. ThcStonc li anbig aiagooil Horle-plum. A.1
thi» Imit is iiilipid, fo it is commonly eaten with Sugar
and I .ime-juice, ocing lookal upon by the Spamards as a
great I'rovocativc, who have therefore planted them in moll
i'laciJ ot the North .Sea, where they inhabit. The Mani-
mee-Sapota is neither fo big, nor fo tall, as the Mammcc
Mtohuj^i; nor is the Fruit eicl\er fo large, or fo round.
The I'ulp is quite retl, with a rough, flat, longilli Stone,
and the Riml fmooth. It is a plealant and whollbme Fruit.
There arc alfo fome wiKI Mammee-trees, which grow very
tail anil Itrait, and arc confcquently utcd fur Mafts \ but the
I ruit IS not elleemid. The Star fome what refemblrs our
Quincc-trte, but much larger, bearing Abundance of oval
broad Ixavcs. The Fruit is ol the Bigntfs of a large Apple.
It is reckoned a very gi)od Fruit ; but I never taftrd it.

37. The River ot Cheapo has its Rife in the Mountains

on the North Side, being inciofed afterwards between them

and tlic Mountains on the South Side. It turns to the Weft,

\ and at lull, forcing its VVay to the South-weft, makes a

kiiKJ of a Semicircle, and atterwards runs gently to the Sea,

! wltcrr It didhargcs itlLIf Irvcn Leagues from Panama. It

lis very deep, and a quarter ot a Mile broad -, but, by rea-

^fon of the Sands that choke up its Entrance, is navigable on-

[ly by Barks. About fix Lea(<,ues from the Sea-ficTc ftamls

[the City of Chtttpa, on the Lett liink of the River, in a

I champagne Country, atTordiiig a very picafant View, by rea-

I fon of divers .idjaccnt 1 lills, covered with Woods, tho' the

EgrcateftPart is gooti Pafture-ground 1 but the South Side of

I the Rivrri.s all WocKilandforiiiany Leagues. The J 50 Men

Ibtlorc-mcntwned, lent to this Place, retvirned the 24th,

[having taken the I'uwn without the leaft Oppofition ; but

ifound nothing worth m<ntitjninp, there. In the Way thither,

[they took a C anoc with armed Men, fent to watch our Mo-

Itions i but the Men efcaped for the moft part. The 25th

[being joined by Captain Harris, we failed the 26th, and

laiiivcd at Tobago the 28th ', and finding ourfelvcs now 1000

lArong, it was confultcd, whether we Ihould make an At-

Itcmpt upon Panama ; but being informed by our Prifoners,

|that they had received a confiderablc Keintbrcement from

Verte-BeUo, that Defign was laid alide. May 4. wc failed

j.iin for the King's Jftes, whereabouts we cruifcd till the

lid, when wc fent two Canoes to the Illc of ^bepelie, to

Ret fome Prifoners. They returned the 25th, with three

amen of Panama, who intbrmcd us, that, having ilTucd a

Irid Order thtrc not to fetch any Plantains from the adjacent

(les, this had oci alioned a grtit Scarcity ; and that they

apeded e Viry Day ti»e A rnval of the F leet from Lima. On

: South Side of the Iflc Pacbeque lie twoor three fmall Iflcs,

nd betwixt them a Chanel not above fcvcn Paces wide, ami

I Mile in Length. On the Fjift Side of this Chanel wc lay

Anchor with our whole Fleet, confifting of ten Sail, but

Dnlytwo Men of War, vtz. Captain Davis, tlurty-fixGuns,

156 Men, and Captain Swan, fixteen Guns, 140 Men, the

eft bring provided only with Small-arms, making in all

»6o Men •, we had alfo one Firelhip. Hitherto we had

he Wind at North North-eaft, with fair Weather \ but,

he 28th, the rainy Scafon began. About eleven of the Clock,

beginning to dear up, wc difcovered the Sfanijh F^leet

Krcc Leagues Weft North-weft from the Iflc of Paibtque,

^anding to the F^ft, wc being then at Anchor a League

outh-caft from the I(le, betwixt it and the Continent.

^bout three in the Afternoon we (idled, bearing down right

eforc the Wind upon the Spaniards, who kept dofe on a

Vind to come up with us \ but. Night approaching, we

xchanged only a few Shot. As foon as it be gan to be dark,

be Sfani/b Admiral put out a Light at his Top, as a Sig-

nal for the F'lret to come to an Anchor. In half an Hour
after, it w.is taken ilown agam ; but .qiprared loon after as
betbrc, which wc fii|ipof)n(5 to be m the AdmiraJ'i Top,
kept under Sail, being to the Windwaniv but (bund our-
felvcs dri cived m »>iir F.x|)eCfation, by a Str.itagem contrivjjd
by the Spaniards, who, havin;; put this ficond Light on
the I'opmaft head ot oni of tlurir Barks, lent her to tiif
Leeward V fo that, in the Morning, we found they had
Rot the Weatherga(i;r of us. They came up with full Sail-,
li) we were forced to make a running Fifijht ot jt all the
next Day, aimoft quin: round the Bay o\ Panama » fc»r we
came to anchor aga.nft tlie Ifle ot Pachiqut. taptain
TtKnlty, bcin^ hani prtfTed by the Spaniards, was forced
to make a bold Run througii the be lore-mentioned Chafltl
\xtmw Patbefftie and the three atljacent fmall IlUs, and
Captain Hams was forceil away from us during the Fight.
Thus our long-projeitcd Delign vanilhcd into Smoke.
The Spani/h FKet, according to the Repcrt ot fome Pri-
foners taken afterwards by Captain tyrigbl, confifted of
fourteen Sail, bcfidrs Periagoes, or Boats ot twelve or four-
teen Oars apiece, among which were eight Ship' of good
Force -, viz. from eight to forty-eight Guns. They were
comuuteil to have ^000 Men aboard the whole Fleet, and
two Firefhips. Thi ^oih in the Morning, we law the Spa-
nijb !■ It ci three Leagues to tlie Leeward of us at Anchor,
and, at ten of the Clock, with .nn ealy Gale from the South,
making the bert of their W ay ti> Panama. Wc do not
know their Lofs. V\ e haii but one Man killed. Captain
GroHtl, who was not in the light, laid the Fault thereof
on his Men. He was ordere^l to Lave us, in a Confulta-
tion held tor that Purpofc, where it was alfo relblved to
liiil for the Iilcs of iZflx't or Colniya, in qucft 01 Captain
Harris.

j'i. We failed June i. 1685, with a South South-weft
Wind, pafTing betwixt the Point Garnchina and the King's
IJles. 'i'lie 5th, we palTed in Sight of the Ilie Cbtutb, a
linall, low, round, woody Ifle, four Lcagiit s South South-
weft from Pucbtque, uninhabited, and the lalt of the llles in
the Bay of Panama. We failed forward on the North Side
of the Bay, (the Way all Ships from Panama muft pafs) and
came, the i oth, in Sight of the Mora de I'crcc, an hii^h
round Hill on the Coaft of Lavtlia. This Side of the Bay
of Panama runs out Weft to die Ides of ^uih. On thele
Coafts arc many Rivers and Creeks ; but not near fo large as
thofe on the South Side of the laid Bay. Ne^r tlii Sea-fide
this Coaft is partly hilly, partly low Grounds, with very
thick Woods ; hmt, in the Heart of the Country, they have
fruitful Plains tor Cattle. .Some of the Rivers on this Side
afford alfo Gold ; but not in fuch a Qu.int;ty as thofe on the
other Side. There is fcarce any Settlement along this Coaft,
except what is along the Rivers, that lead to Lavelia and
Naia, thcfe being the only I'laces I know of betwixt Pana-
ma and Putbla Nova. F'roin Panama is good travelling all
over Mctico through the Savannas or Plains •, but, towards
Peru, there is no Paflage beyoiui the River Cheapo, by
reatbn of the thick Wood';, and many Rivers. In our Voy-
age to S>u$l>e, the Wind bting conftantly at South South-
weft and South-weft, wc met with very bad Weather-, fo
that we dill not reach thefe llles, till June 15. where we met
with Captain Harris. The Kle of ^ii/o or Cobaya, at -*
14 North Latitude, is near feven Leagues long, and four
broad, beinj; all low land, except at the Norrh-eaft End;
on which Side, as alio to the Eail, tlieie ii excellent good
Water. It abounds in Trees of all forts ; in Deer and
black Monkeys, the Flefli of which is reckoned very whol-
(omc and good. It has alfo fome Guanoes and Snakes.
From the South-ealt End of this Iflc runs out a Sand-oank
half .1 Mile into the Sea ; and a League to ilie North Side
of diis, to the Eaft, is a Rock a Mile from the Shore,
which, at the laft Quarter Ebb, is feen above Water. For
the rell. Ships may come to an Anchor at any other Place
a quarter of a Mile from the Shore, at fix, eight, ten and
twelve Fathom, clean Sand and Oufe. Belidcs this, there
arc feveral Kles lying on the South-weft Side ; fome to the
North and North-eait. The Ifle of i^iicarra is pretty
large, lying to the South-welf of ^ibo ; .md, to the North
of it, is a fmall Ifle called Rancheria, which produces gie.it
Plenty of Palma-Maria-trees. They are very ftrait-bodied,
tough, and of a very good Length, and confequently tit

fwt

100

The V () Y A C, E S of

Book I.

ii.i-

)

fer Miftt : Thf drain of rlx- NVoml mn« twirtcd grUiluilly.
I'hry have ru> KrJcinWum- f<» ilu- I'lilrti tree. I ■» the
North r4A o» Hamhrris lie ilu- liulc lilandj ol U»4./j «i«l
C4UUtrr4t, with tlinr (. h4nrl< l>ctwixt thnn, wlicrc llurc w
duod Anihoragc. Ihty h«vr llrnty ot g.iwJ Water aiut
Tirei i ami tlwy jpjxar at 4 DilUnce to be I'uit ol iIk-
Continent : B*it the Illc ot 'J^Miht being the l»»in«l», ami
inoft u>nfiilcraJ>lo o» them ail, they an tfcnrrally fomi-r-
liemlal uiuirr tlu- Noiiw ol il\c llJc« of j^/^#.

yy J*nt h. if lieing agnrJ. that, fmcc wr had miflid
al Sea, we ftiouUI try our Fortimc hy I. anil, the City o»
Ijnn was pitchea ujwn, on thi Coall ot Mtxic\ ai IxmK
nrarrft to ih i Uit, wan'ing Canoes to UmJ our Men, wc
lut liown Ireei, to nuke a: many a» v lud Orrafion lor.
In the mean tinw i/jo Men wi.v lent to make themKlvet
Mafler% ol P*tkla Nwa, (a Town on the Continent
near thilc Illr*) in hope* ot getting lomr l'rt)vilion<
there. They took the lown with much Difficulty,
anil returned the 26th ■, but met with ivxhinntlicrc, except
an empty Ha k. JuJ^ 5. Caotam Kmghl . anv. tr) ut. have-
ing Iten larmrr to the Welt, where meeting with 110 I'ur-
ilule, he luiLd to the South aa tar a% the Bafol (iuM.i^uil,
where he took two Bark-logi with Wiiu, Oil, Bramly, Su-
gar, Soap, W.- I'hc Mailer iletlarcd, ijut the Merchant ■
thip, deligne.: to have bctn fent away by tUeSfamJh I Icet
to Panama, diJ llay belund at /'nw, till further Onlers j
aiul th.ii, iiui lu- hail mtirt Strength, they might eafily have
been tak'n. In a MiKuh'i time, our Canoej being (;.,t
reaily. Captain Jlarrn, with his Men, went on Ixwrd Cap-
tain Da-.u and CaiHain .Su'«« his Shio tiemg rotten, \ and,
July JO. wi faiiol trom i;J«i*« towards /6« Lf/a, the next
I'ott to the City <jf Lftit, being now 640 Men, eight .Sail ot
Ships three Tciklir^, and a Kiriihip, the V\ iiul at -South
South-well. Coalbng along, we oafled bv the Ciuloh i.t
Niera, that ol Dultf, and t!»e Illc ot Caiiea, the l-and
low ovtreil with Wooil, and almoft delli'ute o( lnh.lvt-
anu Wc iiad varial)lc Wimis ; but moll .South-well ami
Well Sou.h-wdl, the Ijmd-wmds at North North-eall.
Wc were muili jKllrrcd witli Tomaitoci. j4i^h/I 8. at
n* ao North latitude, we difcovcreil ilie Ftlcano Ffji,
or Oldyidtono, tlvc Scanurk ot Rio l^ja, b ari.-ig North-
eall by North; and nj loontr had we brought the faid
Mountain to bear North-ciiil, Lut we iiudc I'mvifion tor
landing the next Day. The <>th, we fent 510 ot our Men
in thirty-<4ie Can«xr» towards the tlattxxjr ot" Ria Iija.
The Wcatlicr wa'i fair, and the Wind tavourobie, till two
in the Attemotjn, when a reinpcll, mixed with Thumler
and Lightning, h.ul almoll luintd us in the Sra \ Ixjt, alter
half an I lour, it began 10 abate, ;'-.! lo did the Agitation
of the Sea, it being oi)lcrvaiile, in thofc hot CtHJntrits,
thai the Waves lixjn rile and tall. At I'cven of the Chxk
at Night It was < aim ; bjt, iiiuung we couki not be ready
to land before Day, being five League fiom.Shorcj wc
flaid thircalouts till next I'.vening, tor fear ot k-ing ilifco
vera! v but, alx>ut tlirec ol the Clock, another loinado
iiad like lo luve put an F.ntl to our Kntcrprize. I lowevrr,
as the llinw iliil not loft long, we entered die Crce ■ Iving
on iheStJuthcoil ^ulc of the Harlx>ur, leatiiyg to L«:.» r.
the Night i Ixjt duill not go farther till D.«y-*>rcak, when
wc rowe i dte|>tr into the Creek, vtihich li very narrow,
a;ui th.- l.oitd on both Sides marlhy near the- Bankn, and
full ol Mangrove trees , lb that there is no pITing through
litem. Hi yond tlv- Maj.grovc-trees, upon thv firm Cirouiid,
ihry call up a finail Intrencliment. \N c roW'.d as fall as w
could, ami U'lded 470 Men, leaving the rell of whi' h
Number 1 sv.1^ one/ to guard tticCaiVKS. 'I'lie City of
l^( I llands twenty Miks in tiic Country, m afandy Plan),
neai a pcakeil burning Mountain, titcnce called the Vulcano
ol J^i>i, the Way to u being througli a (l.annagnc Country,
covered with long (irafs. Beiwixt the I-onduig place and
the City were livcral .Sugar work»i and, about Mid-way a
dciiciou'. fordaUc iCvtr, Ixing the only thing tluy met
With in their Way. Two .Milts on this Side the City is an
Indiau Town, wiure a [^Icafant londy Road leads you to
the City, the Houfcs whereof aie Storw, and large, with
Gardens about tiicm ; but low, and covered with Pantile.
It iios tiircc Churches, and a Ca'litdr.il. Its Situation is in
a Undy Plun, with Savannas all round alxiut it, wliicli lirink
Up ihc K4in, and afford a iicc Pallaj^c to die Brc^^ct frvu)

.ill Siilr< This makes it l>oth healthful iml pirafanr, iho'
11 IS nor a I'lace ot gnvit Comnirrcc, all their SuUlantc
being in C attle aiut Suj',ir wtirks.

411. Our Men marelieei at eight of tlie CUxk, Cantjin
•Ti'.i;!t!ey Uatling tlie Van, at the llrael of eighty of th;
btilkell Men. Captain .VtvM lollowed him with 100 more;
and C aptoin litnii brnttghl up the Ke-ar with 170, in Con
lum^tion with Captain Km%bt. ( a|)tain Ttwnlty, liriii^ 4;
vanreil two Miles Ik lore the reft, anel having forteel fevcm»
llohe to a Kttrrat at t<Mir Miles on this Side of the City,
inarehid torwarti, anel, at three of the C lock in the Alttr-
ii<K)n, with hn riglity Men only, etitcrrd the Town with-
out Kelillaiwr \ but riKt with fome Oppofition from five
humlreel Ktioi and two hunelretl I lorfi:, firll m a l>ruad Strm,
and atterwanis in the great Marketplace i Uit the Foev,
feeing the I lorfe take to their I Icels, alfo retreated, leaving
the Town to <Hir People's Mercy. Captain Swan eaine rvt
into the Town till four o'Cleck \ Paxil about five •, an I
Kmgkt, with the Kemaiiuler, not till fix. The Sf^miv:
killed one e>f our Men, that ftraggkd tx^hind, being v ,
lild, and refufing to accept of C^uarter, and fe>ik one .^m:i<
Prili)n(r. Next Day, tlv (iovernor lent Word hi ';
ranfom the Town We demanded jo,ooo Pieces of li^^i-,
and Pnivifions lor iotk) Men lor f<Hir Months; wliiihh-
not rehlhing, we fctthet ity on lire the i4tli, and iritili :
towanlsourCaneies the next Morning. 5«//<» w.is ex' Iuhk li
lor a Gentlewoman. We rr leafed aiu^thcr (it ntl-man, ii|» n
his I'areile to tielivrr to us I ';o Oxen for his Karf .m at I- d
I.fj>i, the Place wc intrnelcd to attack next. The I'tl. ;
the Afternoon, wc eame back in our Cano. s to tlie llir-
bour ot Ria l.fjJ, where oeir Ships were kjiiic to an Ai
chor by that time. I he Creek, that leads from Rij I ■■:,
extends from the North-well Part of the |lailx>iir'« M' .•;
to the Nenth, al>.ut two Leagues fnjm the Ifle in t.n Hi--
bour'i MfHJth, to the Town. The tirll two-thirt I'ri
are Iweotl i but atterwardi doles in a narrow ileep Cli ' ,
Itnril on bcth Sidrs with many Cexna-trpcs A Mil. h ti
the Kntrancc of the Creek, it winds to the Well, llr- 1
was, that the SfwuarM call up an Iniren* hment, from r^
the Kntrancc ol the Creek, defended by iix) SoKlirrs, jr i
twenty lit irels. Bekiw it a Btxmi of 'I'rccs was mnilc in
tiK treeki fo that they might have kept off 1000 M-.
hael they not wantcel Courage to keep their Poll ; be,t, r
ll;e Kinng eil two of our (juns, they quittnt it, leaving n
at I il)eity to cut elosvn the Bejom. riiii done, we Ian,: .
and marched to the lown of A« I-fjt, a fine Bor. .
Iratcd a Mill thence, upon a fnull River, in a Plain. It m
three Churches, anel an Hofpital, with an handfomeGar tn
to it, the Place bring feated m an unwholfome Air, air'.r;
the Fens and Marlhcs, whkh IcikI forth a noilomc Se:!.
Wc took the Town without the kraft Oppolition. [■*
Country about it has many Sugar-works, and Inclofiirrst.;
Cattle , anel great Quantite« oi l*itch. Tar ami Conlagr i.,-
nrude by the CeHintry-peopk-. It pnxluces alio McIjw,
Pine-aj'ples, tiuavxs, and Prickle- pears.

4 1 . The Shrul), that bean the (iuava-fruit, has long I'J
f;nall Boughs, a white and fmooth Bark, and l.(avesi)K;
the I laile. The Fruit rcfembkrs a Pear, svith a thm RmJ,
anel nuny hard Seeds. It may be eaten while green, .» tli "i
feklom eiblrrved in I ruits either in the A/i/J or (^'fjl W'
It is yellow, lijtt, aiwl well taftetl. Alicr it is rijx , it r',.i.
I)C bakcil like Pears, and wilicexldle like Apples. I liit; i"
eliftcrert Sorts, dillinguiflied by their Shape, 1 altc, J J
(okiur •, Ibiiu Uing rtei, others yelktw, in the I ili I'
Bclore tt is rijie, it is allringent i but afrerwards |i o!- n;: ;;
'Ihc Pnckle-|»ear grows ujxm a Shrub live Feet liif'ji, :"
m.iny Places in the Ife^ Mits. It thnves liell im !i ; ''
fandy Grounds, near the .Sea-Diore. I''.ach Bmiu li dI t* s
Shrul) has two or three rounil l^eaves, e>f the Biraith iii
Man's Hanel, not unlike I loufc- leek, eelgd with I'u ^ 1
ol an Inch kjtig. At the I'.xtreniity of the Leal timw^ vt
FiAiit, of th" Bigmfs ot a largr Plum, linall towan • '■■■'■
I .eal, and tli.tker to the I'jul, where it opens like a Meitij;
1 he Fruit has alfo fmall Prickles, is green at firll, but tJ'*
red liy elegrees. The Pulp is of the lam' Colour with ti'
Suljllancc of a thiek Syrup, with fmall black .Seeds. l3
Talle IS picalant and cooling. I have oiten obfervrd, tlu-
it you eat twenty or more ol them at a time, they sv;llcoiou'
ll>i; b'ltnc a^ rcJai Bloosl ; but without any ill CoiU'ciiDcikc.

chap. I.

Ctiptiiin William D a m p i f. r.

foi

Wi" fontiil nothitl(^fOll^ull^1^>|^• nt the Towti, rwr| ■ <;no fiiull Ideadiijcentto tlirShorc, aml.ontJicWrft Sulfof tlui

\'mV\ i)t Moiir, aiikl t«<mi' I'itt li, Vm, ojuI Lorilaiv. Wi* Uul Ijitrain •, a nr«4t hollow ki)i-k,()|ifn.ir tin- Top.tliri iigli

rriiiviil alliithf I io Oxrn pnuiiirrtl by tlu (icntl miin wr wl\ululic W4vr»t)t thcS 4lorfc tlicir TalLinr, ai il tliroiigh

rtlt4lril jt /•M, wimli, Icmrtlur with thr Sugar, .mil lome a I'ijK', with a grut Noifr, aiul to a gtut lUiKlit,

othcrCciiili wiUuiMil inthfL'ouiitiy.wm (Xtrcincly wikoiny evm in thi- talmcll \Vc4tlnr j fb that it atTonit a yoovl

lo uv NV< tlaiii hin- troin the 1 71I1 to tlic i^i\\. The 2 r.th, Mark t(» Scanuii bound (gr tliw I'urt. I'lic wl.oli- l)tj)th

Captain lUvit ami tapr.iiii Unaii jMrtal, the Hirt having ol the I larlwur 11 atxjut three Milr , ami itt Bitaihh one

a nimil tn ntiirn to the (.nail ot /Vr« , tlir other intcnihnu Mile, (t runs in NortiiwilK 1 In- Weft .Sitli' » the inure

to go fartkr to the \V »ll. ^^ I liail a CutiKfity to Ik bit- ftiun-, iKtaul liu- rtll imxikjUJ tu the South wdl Wind*,

f(r ao|iuint>l with tlu; Nortlum I'articii tlu' Continent ot whith arc lr(i|utntly on thi^ Loall.

AUxKo, I Irlt Caiitam Davn, ami wont alxiani Laiitam 4J. 1 lire Captain 'ImuHtty lanilal again with fomc Men j

.VuiJi. Captain fownln, with his two Uarkn, joincil m\ ami, martlung to the Ivill, tanu- to the Rivir C.tpalila,

but Captain lUnii ami Captain Knij^it hillowcil Captain whicli has a very Iwitt ( urnnti bi't is deep ut its Ijitrance.

Daxii. I lif '7th, la|)tain Dinii, with his Ship, went A League (roni f/ttrf/w/i*, two ol our Men (warn (jvcr the

out lit the Hirlx>ur I but wc Haul lome time bthiiid, topi 0- River, where th^y lei/.td ujMjn three Intiuim, that were

vide ourlelvM with Wattr and Fuel. placed there to keep Watth. As they could not l|'rak

42. By this tunc our Mm L)egan to U- nuieli alTlicKd Upani/h, lo tlicy nioilc Signs, thatthvy couKi roiiduvt thciit

witli Fcvei5, wiiiih we attributed tu tiie !<enuni of a eon- to a Village i whereupon 140 Men were lent, uiulcr the

tagious l)iftemp<T, that lately reigned at Rto I.iju i tor Condurt of Captain 7«u'»i/i7, (niyfell Lcing one) whore-

Captain Daiis'^ Men underwent the lame late, Sefium- turneil the Sch, having li.en, alter lourteen Milis March,

htr \. we tailed again, ftecrin|^ to the Wdt We hid I;kI
M iMf lier all aking theCoall, witli violent Tornadoes, 'ihtm-
df r, and I .iglitning. The loinailoes blew lioin the North-
well. 1 he temptlhious Weather kept us out at vSca ; li) that
I we law no 1 and till the 14th, at 12" 51 North I-ititude.
W'e camr in Sight ot the \ uitano or burning Mountain of
I Viualimala. It appears with a double i'eak, like two Sug.ir-
j loaves, betwixt wliirh fonutinus break out the lire and
fSinoke, cfpeeially Ixtiire bail Weather. I'heCity u\C,ua-
Xiimahi IS leatcti near the I-oot ot this high Mountain, eight
iLeagiics troin the .South Se.i, and torty or Hity Leagues
ij'roni the (lulph of Mii:ii]ue in the Bay u( llonJura.i in the
l^orth Sia<i. It is reputtd a rich City, the Country about
It abounding in feveral Commoiiities peculiar to it, and
ranlported thence mti) I'.urope, el'peeially the four noted
Jyc>, Indico, Otta or Anatta, Silvetbr, and Corhineal.
'he Ijnd near the Vuhano of duiitimalti is low by the
Sea lide ; I'.ii, by degrees, lieenmcs highi r and higher lor
bbout ten Le;igiies from the .Shore. We law abiiiulaiue of
)riti-wood and I'umice-llones lloaiing in the Sea. Iliefe
ill were thrown out by the Mountain, aiul walked by the
lams into the Sea. 'liie 24rli, at 14' <o Noitli Latitude,
llie Weather being fettled. Captain Townley wint afliorc
nth \v<t Men to the \\'<ll, in hopes to hnd a Landing-
>Iace, mid limir UctVefliinents tor our lick Men. We lay

a liiiall lnJi,m S'lllage, where they found nothing lut f iine
Vinelloes drying in the Sun. The Viiivllo ^^lous on a linall
kind of Vine, creeping up about the Tieet. This, at full,
U'ar* a yellow Flower, wliidi prwluees a Cod of the Hig-
nefs of the Stem of a I'obatco-li af, and about lour or live
Inches Icing. 'I'liis Ctxl is green at tirlt, but, vsiien ripe, be-
comes y How: 1 he Seed, are black. y\ltu tliey.ii> g.ithered,
ti. y lay them in the Sun. vlu'.ii iiuLc. them loir, and of a
CI. liuit-t .hnn. Ihcy > u.iz it Hat alterwards with their
iMgrrs. 'I'hr Sfiruarus, who buy this Commoility very
rlvap of the IndiMi, flake them afterwards with Oil. 1 never
'ward of a.',; ol th ■■'inellocs, except hereabouts, about Co/-
cchu in the Bay o' Campcnchy, ami "cio-taro. Near this
lart 1 Lice, 1 g..,icred tliei .lyfelt, iiid endeavoured to
cure them, but could not -, il, as I know other I'erlbns,
who iiave lived many Y . 1 < tutli: I'arts, and iuvc attempt-
ted the fame with no b\ fcr Succefs, ' am apt to believe
the Indians li •, fi me iKcimar way ' v: th.ni, that hi-
therto IS unK,.o*i. o us. 'Mie loilr, we I'trt tour Canot*
before to the Wefl, to exjx'Ct our coming at i'c t /Ingdu
and, in liie mean wliile, cnde.ivourcd to take ■ '/h-
Ibners. TJie 12th, we failed with our Ships Irom <.,::,sluiio,
the I jn<i lying along to the Well, inclining to the South,
for twenty or thiny Leagues, the Sea-winds at Well South-
weft and South-weft, the Land-wii.ds at North. We coalled

by till the 2()th, when, coalting along to the Weft, with j along as near i*. we could to tJie Shore, to take the Bi--
North-weft Wind, we law a I i.uk of high F Jiul, begin- netit ot the Land-wind, the Sca-wind being .igainll us, be

ling at the Fall, and running lor ten LcagU' . within the

Lmd to the Well, where it links by an eal'y Defccnt. On

Hiis Side ot ir, near to the Sen, we law rich Falluri.'-plains,

nixed with olealiint droves. '1 he Country near the Sea-

horc w.is ilefemled by fandy 1 lills -, bur the boillerous

IVives woukl not 1( t our Men land with their Canoes. We

bere forccil to coall llill lor eight or i.iiie l.e.igues larthei

at Captain fexi-nln, tieing no PiufpetH ot landing, i

Brncd alxwrd with his Men Oi/ohr 2. Bur, being relolred

try his Fortune agruii, he tureed his Canoes aihore in a

ndy Bay, where he l.inded with tlie Lois ct one Man,

hd inort of the I'owder f[>oilcd with the lalt Water '.* hen

pcy were got athore, they lound tin- Country t ■ of i or-

tnt.-^^, .ind unliirdable Uivulets -, li) they wei.. loixed to re-

rn to till ir Canoes. They were charged by 201) Spuyidrds

id litdums i but ihefe they loon rrpullid, and forced them

uke the Way of 'f'cgunnt.ipf^iui; tlu; fuiie Town that

aptain •louniey went to look lor, but could not get Sight

"it. Immedutcly attir his Ucturn, we tailed again, with

biilk North North-eall Wind, llill nailing to the Weft,

tthin two Miles of the Shore. At fix Miles from the

till we tinind nineteen F'athom, and, at eight Miles,

cnty-oiic Fathom, loarl'e Sand. We could not diUover

Tier Creek or B.iy for twenty Leagues larther, till we

Hie to the Ilk oiTangoUu where there is fate Anchorage.

is high, l.ut Imall, yet well futnulied with Wood and

later, .ibout a League from the Continent, which has

laliint I'afturegrouiidi near the Sea, but high Woodl.md

rpcr in the Country. We lailed a League farther into

Port ot Cuatiilco, one of the bell in tiie Kingdom of

}/xi,o, at i-i" ^o North latitude. On the Fall Side of

Fntrance of the Harbour, about a Mile liom it, is a

'ltJ.MU. 7.

tides that we were kept back by the Current letting to the
Faft i lo that wc were forced to come to an Anchor at iVi-
crifido, an Iflc lialf a Mile long, a League to ihe Weft of
CuatuliO, and h.ilf a Mile bom the Continent. To the
Wi ft of the Ille aop-ars a goixl Bay, but it is rocky. The
beft Anchorage is betwixt the Ille and the Continent, at five
• • llx Fathom Water, tho' the Tide is pretty ftrong here,
•>; Sea riling about fix Feet. Ihe i jth, we continued
coafting to the Weft near the Shore, which w.is high and
woody, with iljvers laiiily B.iys ; but the Waves very boi-
fterous near the Siiore. I'wo ol ourCmoes returned the
2 2d, and told us, they had loll Company of the other two i
that they ciAild not lind fort jhgeh; and liad endeavoured,
in vain, 10 l.md at a I'lacc, vhci'c they fiw great Store of
Cattle, l)cing thenjutl a-breaft Port Angels^ though thole
in the Canoes ilid not know it. Wc went in, and came to
an Anchor there. It is a bro.'d open Bay, having two or
three Koeks at the Weft F.nd. For the reft, there ii
good Riding at thirteen, twenty and thirty Fathom W.iteri
but Shij)s lie I xi)ofeii to all Winds, the L.md- winds ex-
cepted, till they come at twelve or thirteen Fatl, jm W.iter,
where they are Iheltered againft the Trade-winds, which are
Wift South-weft. The llof,il rifes about live Feet, tl
to the North-eaft, and the F'.bb at Senith-weft. Ihe Landini,-
place is dole to the Weft Side, before the above-mentioned
Rock ; but, as the Waves rvin very high, there is but in-
diliereiit landing. It lies at 13' North Lntitiule, and i<
indofcd, on the I ..iind-fide, by high landy (irouiuls. Part
nlx)unding with Wooels, Part Pl.iins, with viry good Cirafs.
The 23d, we landed 100 Men, who fublill.d two or three
Days upon lidt Bed", and got Store o! Tilt Mai/, 1 logs.
Cocks and Hens, ia ;ui adjacent iloulc tu tlie Plain ; but
2 D coulj

101

7hc \' () Y A Ci !• S r/

l^ook J.

coulicirry but little .iWiar^l, bynafon oftlu- jTnat llillinic:
from the Sca-lulf. The :7th, wc liilnl in tl:- Moiiiin-);
with the I jnii-wiiul; al-out N'oon the Sta-wirnl blew-, and,
.It Night, wc anchored at Hxtccn Fathmn Water, mar a
Imall rocky Hie, lixtcrn leagues Weil trom Tort .In^/^eh,
and hair a Mile troni ilif Continent. The 28th, we lon-
linuetl our Voyage witii the I -and-wind i the Sea-wind
blew hani in the Afternoon, and, at Night, we met with
the other two Camx-s we had fent out \w\wC,u(\tuUo •, they
hail been as far as the Port of A(apilco \ and, in their Return,
took in f'rcrti Water in ijiite of i -,o SpamarAi that woiiUl
have oppofetl it. Tliencc they came into a Salt-water I jki ,
or Pond, on the B.mks ot which finding Abundance of
dry Firti, they brought foir.e abo-ird us. As we were julf
o(F this l^e, wc lint twelve Men in a Car.oc for more
Fifh. The Kntnnceof the Lake is dofcly hemniM in with
Rocks on both Sides, that the Paflagc betwixt them is not
above Pillol-fhot over, bur within the l-ikr is a coniideia-
bic Compafs. The SpanitirJ), Ixing al.irnieii already, now
feeing our Canoes before the Lake, iwlted then, fclvts be-
hind thi: Rocks, and fired (uch a \i,llcy of Siict upon our
Canoe, at her entering into the Pond, th.it they woundeil
five of our Mm: However, our People rowed forward
into thcljgune, orPoni!,out of (.ivin-ihot, where they Ifaid
two Days and three Nights, not daring to attempt to re-
pats the fame Way they tame: At lall Captain Tc^nh,
who lay neanr to the Shore tiian wr, hciring ihc firing of
fomc (ions that Way, m.inr.rd one of h.s Canoes, and,
beating the SpamarJs from t'le Rocks ojHiicd t.'irm a free
Paflagc -, lb ilicy retumeif aboard October ^ 1 . This I^Jgunc
Is in i6° 40 North latitude.

44. Narjtmbtr 2. wc palTed by the Rock of .llgalrofs ;
the [.and near it is high, wootly, and mountaiixus 1:1 the
Country ; fix Miles to fhc Wefl 61 the faid Rock, lie Irvcn
or eight white Chlfs to the South by Well, whereof a
large Sholr runs out five Miles at Sex. Two txagues to
ihc Wefl- of thefe Cliffs is an hanclfome River, lnvmg a
fmall Iflc at its Kntrancc : Ih- h^ Chanel is Ihallow and
famly, but that to the Well will aiimit of Cana-s. The
;d, we came to an Anchor (ipjwfitc to this River, one
Mile and an half to Shore, ,n fourteen Fathoms. The
SpoMiiirJi having call up an Intrcnchmcnt along the Welt
Chanel, defended by ic>o .Sokiicrs, we landed cur Men, and
fbrcftf them thence with little Op|-ofitJon : We found here
a good (jiuntity ot S.dr, dclignal for the Ct!ting tlic Fifh
ihey fake in the J -ikc ■, but we law no Nets, Hooks,
or 1 jnes, nor any Bark, '. jnoe, or Boat. Marching three
l^ayuej into th' Count ry, we tixik a Mubtto Prifon.r,
who intormrd m, tl;.\t lafeiy there was a ftout Ship come
Irorn Ijma to .-littputio : Captai;i Tov)nlfr llinding in nral
of a bencr Ship than that whuh he |x)ffe(1ed, it was a^rred
(lliough not W]tho;ir lon»c Oppofition from Captain Svant
m fetch the laid Siiip out < t that Fliu-lxnir. I he -,th,
we contJnuctf coalling to the \\ ell toward. Jcapuuo : The
7th, tweivr l/ragues trom the Miorc wr law the high 1 .and
of .IcapuUt, very r- in.irkablc for a roun.l I iill b. twixt two
other Hills ; the Wcllermoii being the largcfl .ind liighell,
with two Hilli-cks on the Topi fnjt the lailernvill is
higher and more jK-akeii than t.'ie MuKilemoll. ,-/..»/>«/. o
15 a Town and iiaibi.ur, at 17' North on the Weil Sidi
of the Coi-.tiiuiu, ix^brging t j the City of Mexiss, being
t.he only Place f)f C«)mmrret on the \S'cll Coail, though, at
rhc fame time, there are only three Ships that tome hither,
VIZ. t«-o tlut goconllantly every Year Ix-iwixt this Port
and Mimila m J utonia, «mic of the I'lilippin.' Iflaiuls,
and another onec a Year to .ind tiom Ijm,i. 'I his lall
comes to Jtapiilco iixnit (iTijlmaf, Uden with (jijitklilver.
Cocoa, and Pi"«.<s of F.ighi,and (lays thrrc till the Mamiia
Ships arrive •, from thclc Ihe ukcs in her Cargo of Spues
Calicoes, Mufliiis, CTc. lor Peru, and lo returns to Lima.
This IS hut a mcKleraic Vrirel, but the two Slu|>s from
Manilla carry alxjut io<. > Tons : Th -le two to order their
^ '■y-'K'") *^ '''-il "'"" "•■ '^'''er ot them is always ;if Mamiia :
(h\r ot them l«tsS.iil trom Jaipulco about the Beginning ot
.ipril, ami, alter fixiy Days, tourhes at Cuitm, one of the
/jiiircn:Uhf, for Relrtftimni's: Aftertliree Days Stay, flie
< oniii.urs her Voyage to .\LiniUa, where flie lommonly
-rrives in Jun(, .Suoii alter, t.'ie other Ship Iviiig reaily to
Uii trom Miimila wuh the LttJI India Conitnv.'tic!, Ih:

Herts her C-iurfe tlunreio rhiit) fixorforry n."iir|,.i-<,Norj|,
I .atitude, before the lan get the Wind to cany her iiitotly
Coall of ./;«<•; ;Vj i firll, the falls into the Shore ot Gi/rir.
n/.j i and then, loalUngtothe South, certainly nicfK a
\\ iiul to biing her to /luipiiUo. After fhc has made tlv
CniK' ot Si. lui.'s, the South Point ot California, fhcrun^
wViT to il.\\K Coi itntei at 20' North Latitude, whence (}ir
coafls to Sii!!tii;tta -, where, having put alliorc the PalFtr.
gets bounil for the C ity ot .Mnno, the continues crjalljn..
along to Jiapu'.iO, winch commonly kippcns about Q-r.yj
w./j i and, uix>i\ her Return to .ManiHa, the other Sliip
undiriakrs her N Oyage to ./i.i/>f</r(», a I'ort fo large ami
ctinvenient, as to be able to contain fomc I lundreds 0,
Ships without Danger. Croli the I'ntrancc of the il.ir.
Ixnir is a lo.v Ille, one Mile and a half long, and li.u .1
Mile l>ioaJ, Iheti hing from Hall to Wctl. At each Im,'
IS a deep Chanel tor tlie F'.ntrance of their Ships, an^i tin
coining out, pntvided tin y enter with the .Sea-wind, a;/
cOiUe out with the Lar.d-wind, and thefc blow at lljn,
Times ot the Day or Night. Ihe Ch.inel at the Wr
Knd is narrow, but fo deep, that there is no Anchoraj;
Through tins the Ships come in from ManiiLi, but ti;
Ships trom Ijma pats through the South-well Clund.
The Harbour runs in eight Miles to the North; thcr,
doling up in a narrow Chanel, goes a Mile farther to the
Weft. At the F^ntrance of this Chanel, on the North-
well Side, jull by the Sea-fide, (lands the Town of As-
puUo, near which is a Platform with a good Number c:
liuns i and over-agamtl the Town, on the fcjil Sulc, (larkis
a (Irong Cuftle, defemled by no Ids than forty great (iu:s
Ships commonly ride within Reach of this CalUe, at i!;:
Bottom ot the H.ulxjur. Captain 'T'ewnley went with i^j
Men, in twelve Canoes, to letch out the Lima Ship ; K::,
by Strels of Weather, was forced into Poit Marijuu, j
goot) Harbour, a League F.afl ot the Port of Jtapulu:
Here they (laid ail Day, and the next Night rowed loltiy
to /Lapuico, wiure they louiid the Ship riding at Anchor
100 Yards from the CalUc and Platform ; fo that, findir.g
It imjx)lTiblc to carry ht r oil", he rcnirncd much dilfaw
lied. The iith, wc laikd farther to the Well, with t.h;
I»ind wind at Nortli eJl. As the Sea-winds are lierc j:
South well, we failed along a fuidy Bay, twenty I«^'.-,
in I/rngth, where thi re was gtxxl .Anchorage two M. ,
trom the Shore-, Imt the Sea wave; fell with fuch \'iolc.T.r
againll ir, tfut there is no late Landing-place. Nearih*
Sea-lidetheCiiounds are low, and ab«)Und with Trees, elj*-
cially with Iprcading Palm tnes, which are fbmtiin;-
twenty or ihirry I tct high, Ixit no bigger than an ordiiur.
Alh. Tlic Country is intermixed with many fmall Hi,
which are, forifie moll pait, fMiien ; but the N'alleysvc.
fertiF'. Af ■ Weft F.nd ot this Bay, jets out into :"
Sra the H ./f Petiiplan, at 17' 21)' North Latitu;,
Ix ing 1 founit Point, tiut appears like an lllc at Sra. \ \:~ ■
farther to the Well, is a little Knot of lound Hilis. V
entered betwixt thrtc and the Point, where we aneho'
at the North wefl Side ot the i Iill, at eleven Fathom W.
ter. I lere we fent 1 yo Men athore j who, marchmg lin.'
teen Miles mto the Country, came to a wretched /1..'
\illag> , Irtt by the Inhabitant-, ; fo that wc met witli ic ;
Ixxty liut a Mulatto Woman, with four fmall Chil.li ,
Being brought alward, (he declared, that a Canivjn ' )^
MuLs, kulcn with Hour and other Cioocls, ddi^ncil : ' 4?
.itapuho, had flojit tlieir Journey on the Road to the \Vf''
of this Vilbge. So we faileil fanhcr to the Well the i^;\
afxjut two Ix igues, to a Place calial Chequttnn, a ; rr:.
gc»<Al HarlxHir, having the C onveniency of a treOi wr
River, and Abundance of Wood: Wc landed ninfty . ■
Men tile f)d», in (ix LaniK-s, 'having the Mulatto Wirr.
tor t.'.eir Uuidc; at Ijiapa, a Ixague Well of Ll-nui'.y.
1 lenec they were carried by their Guule through a [at; .:
Wixxl, by a River fide, into a Plain, near whi. h, -
Farm hoiile, they tour.d the Caravan, coiifilling of I r
Mules, laiien with Flour, Chocolate, Chcifes, and lurt
ern-watc i ail this they carried, except the eartiin^
Ids, with lome Beef they hat! killeil, and briuight to :
Cano( s, ami thenie to our Sliijis. Captain .v-udii «
afterwards alliore, and itiMeil eighteen Cows mme wi:i'
the Icaft Opi>olition. 'J'hc Country is v.ooJy, Luite ■
arid watered with many Rivers and Uivukti.

4;- '

Number
;he next N
Foot neve
them ; la
Road, lea<
k^wcd it tc
Heps of ai
\\ ay t(x»l
that the I)
Days Jou
from tiiat
10 let Pa
tlie Towi
Signs 01
Will tow
abouts wi
Sea- winds
North ;
ragged P
Dro|)l'y,
toinmun
it with
have (cut
to Powdi
witJianyi
hereah<ji:
vers gix).
Cape, ii
into the
rur;s a U
Mount.!;
a C ruvs I
Crowti
De

e,.;>
rienSts,
Noith.
tow.;ri!;

■1.

l^c;t)k J. ^HChap. I. Captain VVi l l i a m D a m p i e r.

i' D."r',i(rv\or!li
any !iim intotlif
Shore ot i'diyr-
rt,iitily niecfi a
c has tii.ulc tlic
fornia, Ihc run^
iilc, whcmr flif
lore the I'aflVr
ptitiniH-s cojftiii"
iciis alxtiit Cbnjt

the other Ship
)rt fo large anvl
luc I lumlrtils r,!
Kc ol tht- ll.ir-
Diig, aiul li.u .1
. At carh lj>,i
Ships, an>l tin ;
• Sia-win<l, a;,,'

blow at Ibti.'
nel at the \Vr
I no Ancliuro!;
Uaniilii, but t;,;
nh-wcll Cluiul,
: North •, thcr,
lie farther to ih-
, on the North-
c Town ot" /!(.;■
1<xk1 Number c:
iulhSiiie, llanJi
forty great (iu:',
his CalUe, at th:
fv went with 140
IJma Ship ; hv.:,
Pott Mar({u:i, 1
'ort ot JcapuL:
ight rowed lottiy
rilling at Anihw
; fo that, fiml;rg
ictl much ililT^i;:.
le W'etl, with r.:
winds are lu-n- 1:

twenty I^a^'--;
lorage two M ,
with fuch Violc.-.:
;-p!acc. Near :h-
i with'l'rccs, efir
ih are fomtiin;'^
rr than an orJiiur.
nu[iy fniall HI.
It the \'alli75 VC-.
jets out into r"

North l^atitu.:-,
UlcatSra. Ahrr-
lound Hilis: \^
fhcrr we amhi '
Icven Fathoin W
ho, inarr hii^^ !
a wretthi.! h-i
It wc met \v:tn ;
,ir fmall Chil.i!
that a Car.iv.ir
xkIs, i!»-l!i;ncv'.
e Koaii to the \''
the WriU'u- r
Chequct/trt, a ; :i
cy of a trefii •.^■
claniictl nuKt.
le Mulatt'i \N.

A'cllof (i ;i

c through a p-
, near wIm-.'i. '' •
coiifirting of (r.
Chctfcs, and I'-i'"' '
pt the tjrthcn^
unci brought to :
L'apraiii .v-;."« *
CiAVJ mute wi::'
, v.ooJy, Lutfe:

■i;k«.

4 J. !■

45. The zi. wc failed with the Land-wind, which is at
[North here, and the Sea-wind at Weft South-wcfV, loaft-
[ ing along to the Weft. At tirft the Land apiwar* with
ragged Hills ; but, farther to the Weft, with Iruitful Vat-
1 leys betwixt them. The 25th, wc palfcd by an high I lill,
(divided into I'eaks, at 18' 8 North Latitude : The Spa-
I uiardi fay, there ftands a Town, called the CupaUt not far
1 from it, but we could not find the Way to it. The a6th,
\ 200 Men were fcnt to endeavour to lind out the City of
I Colima, a rich Place \ but, though they rowtil twenty
Leagues .'.long the Shore, they could not meet with any
I Place to lanil in, and faw not the Icait Sign of any Inha-
bitai»u. At two Places thty faw two Horfcmrn, and our
Men followed them, but lolt the Track in the Woixis \ fo
! we returned the 28th on board -, and, ii-ton after, the Vol'
; fa«tf, or burning Mountain, of Celima, very rcniarkaMe lor
; its Height, at iS" 36' North Latitucic, lix leagues from
I the Sea-fide, appeared, with two high I'ouits, trom each
: of which ilUics always either l-ire or Smoke. 1 he
Valley, in which it ftands, bears the Name of theMount.un,
as does the aiijacent Town, the chiet City of all the Coun-
; try. It we may credit the Spaniards, it is a moll deliglit-
I fill and fertile Valley, abounding in Cocoas, Coin, .md
Plantains, being ten or twelve Leagues wide to the .Si a,
, and ilretching a great Way into the Country •, hut there is
;no LaiuUp.g- place near it, oreaftoncd by the Impetuolity ot
'i the Waters 1 for, about two Leagues from the I'.all Snie,
lis low voody Ground, and, at the Km-i, is a deep Kivir,
I which iIiH-niLxjyucs into tlie Sea; l.ui, by ualon ot a
' l«inJ->'aiik .Tt the Mouth, there is no I'.ntraiue, even lor
Canoes. The iijth, kk) Men were lent again, to try
whether they could tind any P.ith or Tnick le.idiiig to the
Town III Hali/igim, featei!, as the Spaniards report, at the
Well End ol tlie Bay of the Valley ot Colima \ but, the
Waves running lo high, there was no Unduig, they re-
s turned aboanl thi: joth. Dea'inber i. we came in Sight ot
ithe Port of Salla^ua, .it iS" 52' : It is a Bay, parteil by
[a rocky Point about the Middle •, lb that it appears like
I two diihnit Harbour:-, in either of which is liite anchoring
i^t ten or twelve Fathom Water, tho' the Well Harbcur
lis the bell, having, betides this, the Convcniency ot a
ifrelh-water Rivulet falling into the Sea. Wc law a gooil
f Number (f jirmnl Spani,irJs, to whom wc gaveaViftt,
I the next Morning, with 200 of our bell Men ; but the
j Foot never llood one Charge, and the Hcrfc loon followed
[them : In the Purtuit, our Men, lighting upon a broad
Road, leading thiough a woody and rocky Country, fol-
I lowed it for tour Leagues 1 but, tinding not the leaft Foot-
iftepsof any Inhabiunts, they turned Iwck, and in their
Way took two draggling Mulattocs, who alliiied them,
that the broad Road leil to the City ot Oarruh, four long
Days Journey from hence, .ind that thele Mt n were lent
Irom tliat City to tccurc the Ship trom Manilla, that was
10 let Paflen>^;trs alhore there. The i^piimjh M.ips place
the Town 01 i)alla^ua hertaUmts, but we could lee no
Signs ol It. Dtcaiiber 6. we fuled aga;n, coallmg to the
V\<rt tow.irds Cape Coruntts, in iujpes ot mcetir.g there-
abouts with the Ship exj)e<ttL\i from the Phlippina. ihc
, Scawmds are here North wt ft, and the Laml-wiiui at
North; the land imliifcrcnt high, fpimkled witli many
r.iiiged Points, and woody. 1 leri I was alllK'tcd with the
Dropl'y, and Ici were ni.iny of our Men : I'his k-ing a
toniniun Pifcalc on this Co.ill, *hc Natives prtteiul to ciiiv
it with the Stone or Cod of ;ui Alligator (ot which they
have Icur, ".;.:. one near c.ich l.ej^ within the Mclh) Uaten
to Powder , but wc had not the good Fortune to meet
witlia:)yoiihefeCii.itures, though tluy are ibmeiimes fouiul
liereab(Jiit!.. Betwixt .SVt.'Avjj.'v; and Cape' drientiS are ili-
vcrs good Ports we did imt tuiuh at. As we .ipproached the
Cape, it .ippearcd witli many white Clills, anil, du'per
into the Coiintiy, with p.aked I liils •, to the Wi II ot' thele
runs a Ridge ot Mountains, bi ginning with an hipji Hccp
.Mount.im atthe fait 1 n.l, witn time Peaks, leleinbling
a L town; wlicn>.e the .'^faHiinJj called it Laroiuidii, the
Crown 1 and ; l>ut at ih- Vvitl 1m, d it terminatts in an
cily l)elarit. The iitli, we weiv in Sight ot Cape C'o-
rie/iUs, bearing North by Will, and the Ceroniiila to the
North. This Cain: ii pretty hijih, vay lice;) and loiky
iow.;rds the Se.i, but ll.it on ilic I'oj), .uid covcitd wilii

Trees •, it is at 20° 28' North Latitude : I found its Loni
gituile from Temriff 23° 56', keeping thereby to the
Weft, according to our Courfe •, puriuant to which Com-
putation it is, trom the Lizard \n England, 121° 41', and
the Dift'errncc of Time eight Hours fix Minutes. The
Ship from the Philippines being oblige' to make this Point
in her Voyage homewards, we took our Stations with our
four .Sail, fo as that we judged we could not well mifs the
Ship : But, as we wanted Provifions, fifty or fixty Men
were lent in a Bark to the Weft of the Cape to get ibme :
They returned the 1 7th without any Purchace, not being
able to get about the Cape, the Wind being generally
North-weft and South-weft on this Coaft ; however, they
left four Canoes, manned with forty-fix Men, behind, who
intended to row to the Weft. The 1 8tli, wc failed to the
Iflcs of Chametly, eighteen Leagues to the Eaft of Cape Co-
rientes : Thry are five low, imall, and woody lilts, fur-
rounded with Rocks, and lying in Form of an Half-:noon,
within a Mile I'lom that Shore, betwixt which, and thcie
Iflcs, there is fate Anchorage. They are inhabited by
Filhcinien, Servants to Ibmeuf the Inhabitants of the City
of I^Dificaiion, a conliderable Place, fourteen Leagues up
in the Country. The 2c>ih, we entered on the South-ealt
Side, and anchored betwixt the Illes and the Continent i
we tound here tnfh Water, Wood, and Rock-fifh in
gre.it Plenty, I'he 21II, li.xty of our Men, under Cap-
tain 'lovjii'.cy, were fei-.t levcn or eight Leagues to the Weft,
to furi)r!le an Indian Vill..gc.

4(>, I'lie 24th, the t.jur Canotf, left thereabouts by
Capt.iin 7'o:vn!iy\ B.irk, returned to us near the dpe,
haviiiji, Hotlieyond it Ly the Htlj) of their Oars, and lanaed
in the Valley oil'aldav.s, or Fal d'lris, the Volky of
y-'/rt^'j, lying at the Bottom of a deep Bay, inclolcd bttv.etn
t-'ape CoriiHles on the South-eaft, and the Point rctt:ique
on the North-well. The Breadth of the Valley is three
Leagues 1 the lluidy B.iy is level to the ^ea, and affords s
good Landing-place. In the midft is a good t'refti-water
River, iiavigable with Boats; but, at the latter End of
the dry Sealijii, fiz. in i'druary, March, and April, it
becomes brackilh. On the Land-fide, this Valley is
bounded by a green Hill, which, by its eafy Dcfctnt into
the V.illey, atlbids a delightful Profpeft; as do the
wide-fpread Paftures, llored with Cattle, the pleafant
Cirovis of Guav.i5, Orange, and Lime-trees, which grow
wild here in vaft Numbers. In this delightful Valley wc
landed thirty-feven Men, who, advancing three Miles into
the Country, were attacked by 1 50 i[/><7»/'rtr</j, Horle and
loot : By good Fortune there was an adjacent Wood,
which atloriled an happy Retreat to our Men, who fiom
thence lired fo turiouUy upon the Spaniards, that they
killed their Leader, and leventcen Troopers, befides
many wounded, with the Lois only of four Men, and two
woundeil : This made the linemy retreat ; however, had
the Foot feconded the Hoile, fcarce one of our Men could
liave f leaped. The 2Stli. Cajitain 'Tcwnky returned aboard
with foi ty Bnlhels of Moiz, which he had taken in an Indian
\ illagc to the Fart of Cape CorienUs, five Leagues in the
Country. VVe eontiiuitd cruifing off this Cape till the
firll ot January, when we failed for the Valley of Valderas,
to |)rovKle oiuielves with fome Beef: At Night wc anchored
at iixiy fathom Water, a Mile from the Shore. We
continued here till the 7th, and landed 240 Men (50
whereof were coiiUai'.tly employed to watch the Motions
of the Spaniards': : We killed and faltcd as much Beef iis
would lervc us two Months ; and, had we not wanted Salt,
we might have had much more. By this time our Hopes
ol meeting with die Manilla Ship being quite v.anithed, wc
com luded, th.it, whilft wc had been employed in looking
lur Provifion alhore, ftie had given us the Slip to the F^aft;
which proved true, according to the Account wc had after-
wards Iw f. veral Prilbncrs. I'he Lots of lb great and rich
a Pri/.c inult chielly be attributed to the Wilfuinels of
Captain Tavnley, who would needs attempt the Taking of
the Jama Siiip in the 1 larcour of y:/< <»/)«/( t, when, at the
lame time, wc ought to ha\e provided onrklves (as we
might then have done) with. Beef and Maiz for fuch an
lMucr|)n/.e, whi'.h whilll we were loreoi.! to feek, we loft
this Ship ; wheieas, lud we net wanted Necellarics, we
might have gone e\en as far as Cape I.tna:, in Cali/orntj,
r, wllLie

104

7b^ V O Y A G L S of

Book I.

'■k

-I

•where StT 7lcw.i.' C,tvni,!i/J.: funncrly took out" of tfitfi'
AlaniUti Ships, llithertu wo luid « double IXlign in
\'k*i > hrll, tlie taking of the MmilLi iShipi Ictonilly,
tlic Search attcr rich I owns ami Mitus hear this C'oait,
not knowing th.it the VVtakli htrtabouts iiM Al in the inland
LViiintry j but notv, finding ourliires quite deceived in our
Ho|x*s, wc jiamd, Captain •loivHley going Kick to tlu- I'-ift,
and we, in Captain Pawn's Ship, to the Weft.

47. Jamuiry-j. wc (ailed tiom thi.* Valley, thcljnif
wind being at North-weft, and at Nigiit pilFcil by
Ventiqut, tlie Well Point o»' tlic \alley of luiUercs, ten
I.e.ii;ues from C;i[K CerifHtes, at 20" 50 NortJi Latitude.
A League beyond it, to the Welt, lie two httlc lllcs,
tailed the Pcntifun : Beyond thole, the Shore runs ragged
to the Nonh tui eighteen Ixagiir^. The i4.th, wc came
to anch<»r in a Chanel betwixt .1 fm.dl, white, rocky Iflt
antl the Continent, at fourteen Fathom, at ii* 1 - ■ I'he
lllc is three Ix-agucs from the Main \ we anchored one
1/rague from ir. Irom this llbmi the I^and runs in North,
making a fandy Bay : Wc anchonxi one League from the
Continent, but there is no Lawling, We fi>ui>d the land-
wind all along here at North-c.ill, and tiw Sea-wim' at
North-wcrt. The 2odi, we anchored one Ixaguc on the
1-jft SKk of tfic Iftcs of Chamtth, (different from the
bcfore-mentionetl) liemg a Knot ot fix IhviJl Iflcs it 2^"
1 1, a little to the South of tho Tropic of QiH.rr, three
Xtcagues from the Continent : One or two of them only
have fomc ian.iy Cricks to t!»c Sea-ridc, aixl protUicc a
ccruin Fruit, called Penguins : I'htrle arc ot two Sorts,
ml and yciiow j the latl grt>ws on a Stem, (A the i'liick-
nefs of a Man's Arm, a Foot from the Ground, with
Leave* ol hah a Foot long, and one Inch broad, edgcil
with Prickles : 1 be Fruit grows jull at the I'oi) of tlic
Stalk inCludcrs ; tlwy arc roumi, and of the Bignrfs of
an Hen's F'.gg : The Rind is pretty thick, and the Pulp
full of black Seeds ot a delightlol Talle. The reil Pen-
guin is no bigger ilun an Onion, hui: of the Slia))c of a
Nine-pin j it docs not grow on a Stalk, Ixit immediately
out of the Ground, lUnding upnght, lometimes futty or
Jcvcnty in a Cluftcr, bciiu? liiconijuflcd with pnckly
Leaves of one Foot ami an halt long, or two Feet long.
Caj)tain Snan wtm with uo Men to tijc Nonh, ro find
out the River CulUmn, lupiHiIld to lie at 24' North Ij-
titude, in tJK' I'roviiKc ol ijt'Jman, with a iair rich Town
upon Its BAiiks : But, tliough duy l;aii rowed above
thirty Leagues, they could tind no River, neither was
there any fate l^iuiing-plat e. Seven Lcagiics North
North-welt from tlie IHcs of Chom/tly is a I^ke, with a
narrow Entrance, at j j* 30 . called Jiie Je Sail by tlic Spa-
niards, i» !uv!!>g Wat'T enough lor Canoes to enttr. Our
Men Lindod on the Wdf Sulc, and took Ibnie Maiz at an
adjacent Farm houfe, and, at another I ^uiding, m\ imhan,
wiw) informed us, that tivr ixagiif^ thence tiu'ic was an
Indian Town : So our Mrti marciied towanls it, .intl,
coming near the Place, were emountcrctl by a good Bo>.'.y
ot sp.tMt.:rJs and In^rans ; btit tlicfc lieing biatrn liack
•itur tlie tirtl Charge, they enttrt 'he Town, whrctluy
found only two or three wourxli d nuitans, who tui.; them,
that the I own wi-, calli-d A/<»^.;/#ff, and tliat tive ix-.igirs
Jience there were two nch Gold Mine*. Wc ftaid here till
tl»e ii.\ of hdmary, when eighty Men were fent, and laivied
in t!»e Rivir A'«/<irf(i, abou' thne Leagues troni tlie .Sea.
1 hey came to a pretty littl; I'own, 'ot the fame Name;
where the P. iioncrs aifurw! them, that the bctorc-mcn-
tionrtl MitK-s wrre not abov< two I .eagues trom thence ;
but, as we h.id iireicnt tJ( xaiion tor l^rovifioivs, wc earned
aboard nineiy Bulhcliof Mas/, without learching alter the
Mine*. Ihc ?ii, we anthund againft the Mouth of the
Kivcr Htfurio, one I^-ague trom the Shore, m fcvcn Fa-
thom, at 22- i; North l-uitutie. But .is this Imall
Quantity ot I'rovilioni was not likely to or. oiir Hufinrfi
tor our intcmleii \oyagr, we landed, the .Sth, torty Men,
to fcck the River Otfia tupjwled to lie to the F.aft of the
River Rafario -, but th'jy returning without any B<iotv,
or without being abic to ti.id ir, wr rclolvcd tn go on to
tlu FjII, to the River o) ,^'/ la^g, wiicre we amh<jrcd the
nth, two Miles trom the Sho'e, in fcvmtccn Fathom
W^urr, fuft ouly Ground, thr<<- I.eagiies trom tiic white
liigh Rock of AfiUdirdh, Ixaimg .North N'ortu-wcll, at
tfft: jiigh iidi Zi-/!:,i boic :>uiit;i ,a:J vi vi>.

4S. The River of Si. Iti^c, one of the mofl ronfiij .
able on this Coalf, lies in 22-' 15'. It bus ten Fcrt \V,„^
on the Bar at Lowwator, but the Height it Hows l,i-l
not able to tell : Its Breadth, at the F.ntranci , is .,i, „[.
halt a Mile % but it is brixidcr within, three or lourHiv •,
difchargingthemklves into it there : 1 he Water is b!,itk;:h
but, near the Mouth, on the liindy Shore, you n,.iv ciu
frelh Water at three or timr Feet. Captain H'jsui: Um .y--
fevcnty Men to look tor a I'own, tlieCountiy havM.ii
fair Prot'iK-ft. After iliey had rowed upanddi^wn i.,j
Days, they landeti ina Curn-tuld, where, wiiile thcywc
buly »•> g.Mliering the Maiz, they lli/.cil an Indiirn, «;,
told tlKiii, that luur l.eagues tarthcr there was a lot;:
called Sta. I'tcaquf. They were no Iboner come on [y^i.^ '
but Captain ^'-;;j>»< with 140 Men, went 111 cii;,lit Cm v
five leagues \ty fhc River, which was tlureabouts nc
ab )ve a PillollHot wide, with high Banks •, and, lanj n^
his Men, marched through fertik- Plains and W«xls ;
three or four i lours : At tlicir Approoch, the Span^^n:
quittctl the Place \ lb we entered it without OppotiiKn..
1 In I'own ol Std. Ptcnque is llated on the Side ol a Wcx<i,
in a fpacious Pl.iin. It is not very large, but neatly Inih,
with a fcjuarc Market-place in the Middle, as moll ,s/«.,i,ii
Towns are, and has twx) Chuisches. There are Silver
Mines five or fix Leagues from this Town : Ihe 0{
whereof is carried from this Place by Mules to Comp'.j}(..,:^
where it is triined. Ccmpofitlla is the Capital of this I'art
ot Mexict, twenty-one Leagues dillant trom Peccfut, >
habittd by .nbout ;o white Families, and 5 or 6«x) .A/;-
latteti and Indians. As our Men founil plenty of .\la:,,
Sugar, Salt, aiul Salt-fifh here. Captain Suan ordm I
one lulf of them to carry Provifions aboartl, wlulll ife
other took care of tlic Town : This they did by 'Vutr.-,
having gut ioav: Horfti to cafe tliem in their l.ab(x,T.
Thus they continued for two Days ; but, the iqth.Captxn
Mi-an, l>cing mfbrmcti by a Priloner, that looo armcit
Men had lately irurclicil from H:. lago (a rich Town m
the River, three leagues thence ; to attack our Men, o:-
dered his i'esipk- to get all the Horfes they could, ami to
march all ro^jctlKT, with what Piovifions thty could earn,
to their Canoes •, but they n-tuling to obey him, till all i.tc
Provifions could U- carried onboard, he was turct.nl toits
one half of thun go on with 54l-lorfcs ; but they had no;
inarchi\l a Mile, belive tlu: Spaniards, lying in Ambi.;'n,
attacked and kjiled them ail u|ion the S|)ot : Captaii
J^uan marched to their RcLef, but came too late, Ixmg ill
(laui and l\ript, though, at the fame time, they nivrr
attempted to engage him, havinj^ queftionkCs, paiil parry
dear lor their Viitory. Amongft the Slam \^as Mr.
Jiiiigriijf, who publifhcd tlie Account of Caj>rajn .vi.irf/i
Adventures, aiul the Ilillor)' of the Biutanters. Captan
>tr<j« being refiimed aboard wiili the reft of his M( o, *i'lt
wlut Provitioiis tJicy had got, it was rctblved to tail tj
CajH: ^t. Iji:aj, on California, in ho^xrs of a Cmrmenf
with the Indi.mt there, and, conlcijucnily, in tlic l^etf
Califtrnia. Tins Lake is |iro|)cily a Chanel, or Pan d
the Sea, betwixt tlic Ifie .ind the Continait ; but eitlirr im
miK h known by tlie Spaniards, or elfc conccalcvl by then,
for tear that the trther Enrtpean Nations Ihould tind cut
that Way to the Mines of Nnv Mtxi($ \ for llicy vary
ciMilideralily about it in their Cliarts 1 Ioiik make it an hi ,
Cjthcrj join it t'l the Continent, but not one ol them, tlu! 1
know of, gives an .Account ot the 1 ides, the l^<(>ih, or
i larlviurs, m oi near this L.ik<- -, whereas theit hytlriij^:^-
phical .Map lietcribe the Coufts towanls jifia, on tlw Wr'.i
.SrIc of the lllc trom Cape .V/. iMcas to 40' Noith Srj
MtxitB 'according to the Repjrt ol the Spani. ^"■i-
Ionic l.ngiijb PrilofKnitlicre^ lies neartilty Lcagi .. •*^'ort!i-
well Irom OU Mexico, where the richelf Mines c .il tli:>
C oiintry arc fupixifeil to l)e ; though there are, i, iclliorli .
tome alto in ottu r I'arts llereabout^, as well as on the dr.
tmcnt, near tlie Main Lind ot Calircrnia -, though, •■'•^■'
Span,aids luvc Mines < iiouph to manage, they Ium
takti) thePains to dilci.vt-r tlu 111 ■, and the vail 1 'u' .
ol tliLsCuuntiy I. is, no doubt, Uen the Occalion, th.i: • '
Dili-ovenes havi Uiii made by otlu.'*, or are liki. '■< ^
made, unkis a ne.irir Way thittitr could \k found, I n: w
by till- Northwi (l : I .1111 not i(in<;rant, tli.tt ili\irs ur.i
ttiiiul Attcnipti liavcUui luinud lyr tJic UHcovcrj' «! 1

Chilp. I.

Captain William Dampirr.

10?

North-weft PalTage : The Reafon whereof I attrilnite to
their fearching tor the railage at the Beginning tlirough
'JMvis's or Iludfon's Bay •, whereas, in my Opinion, the
Search ouglu to li.ive been begun in the Soutli Seas, and
thence along by Cali/nniia, and lb a I'alTagc made back into
»hi' Weft Seas. Tiie tame Rule might be obferved in
dilcovcring the Ndrth-caft PalTage, viz. to winter about
Jtipaii, Corea, antl the North-ealt I'art of C6//M, and lb
take the Advantage of the approaciimg Spring and Sum-
mer to go along tlu- Coall of Tartary, whence you may
liave tim-' enough to reach Archangel, or fume other Port,
0:1 thefe Coath. I'roni hence we failed the 21ft towards
CMifornia, with a North-weft and Wi-ft North-weft Wind.
Alter we came pall the Illcs ot S' M>>> ,i, we had ftrong
AViiu!s.itNorthNort!i-weft, andatl"!.;"iii, (the iifualTrade-
wind) and confequcntly loft Ground till I'ebruary 6. lb that
the 7th we were (breed to the liall agani, to the Mnrias,
where wc anchonxl the 7th, at the lull I'.nd of the middle-
I; moft of tlu fe Ifles, in eight Fathom, good clear Sand. This
i Ifle we called Prince (laorge's IJle. The Iftes called Marias
[are three in.inds, ftretching North-well and South-eaft
; fourteen Leagues, of an indifferent Height, ftony, barren,
and uninhabited, at 12" 40' North Latitude, forty Leagues
; dilbnt Iroin Cape Si. Litcas on California, bearing I'^ill
I South-cart, and twenty Leaguts from Cape Corientes, !xar-
1 ing upon the fame Points of the Compafs with Cajje St.
'Lucas. They produce fome Cedars, and, near tin Sea-fule,
[a green prickly Plant, with I>eaves not unlike the Pengiiin-
ilcaf, and a Ro<it like that of the Scmpcrvive, but much
longe-. The I.'iJians of California have a great Part of
[their Subfiftencc from thefe Roots. We baked and e.it
I fome of them, and found them to taftc like the F.ngUjh
iBurtlock boiled. I had been long lick of the Droply, lb
I was l.iid in the Sand, and covered up to the Head for half
an Hour. I fwe.lted exceedingly, and, I Ixlievc, with good
Fffecl ; for I began to mend foon after. We rem.iined
; luif careuiing til! uie 26ih •, but as dierc is no frelh Water
[to be gotten here in the dry Seafoii, wc were tbrced to
[ fiiil to the Valley uf I'alderas, where we anchored the 28th,
! near the Mouth of the betore-mentioned River ; which being
Ealfo hrackifti at this time, we faileil three L,eagucs nearer to
I the Cape Corient^s, .mil anchored by a fnuU roimd Ifle,
[half a Mile from the Shore, four Leagues to the North of
[the Cape. The Rivulet, where wc filled our Water, is on
I the Continent, juft oppofitc to the Ille. Being by this
; time fufticicntly coavmecd ofourMiftakc concerning the
[ Riches of tliis Coart, and the Probability ot finding ibme
ifica-jxirts worth our taking, founded upon an erroneous
[Opinion we h.id conceived, that the Commerce of this
Country was carried on by Sea, w''.ereas it is intirel/ ma-
jnag.d Ijy I^nd, by the Help of Mules, wc were the fooner
'prevailed ujion to try our Fortune in the Eajl Indies.

49. Our Men, being encouraged with the Hopes of bct-
tt r .Succcfs for the future, and tliro* the PerfuafionsotCap-
jMin Sivati, failed from Cape Corientes March 31. with the
rl,.ind-wind at Eaft Nortli-eaft, till they got four leagues
[at Sea, when a frelh Sea-wind at Weft North-weft carried
lis by Night nine Leagues South-weft from the Cape. Next
Torning, the Sea-wind blowing brilkly at North North-
ffaft, we wrre, at Noon, thirty Leagues from the Cape •,
[for, !<) loon as you are clear of the Shove and LanJ.-winds,
{the .Sea Breezes are at P..ift North-eaft, where it fteiod, till
Ive found ourfelves within forty Leagues of Guam. After
Ithe lirft Day, we ailvanced ap.ue in our Voyage, Iiaving
|vcry t".iir Weather, and a frefti Tradc-wiml. At our tirlt
|feti)ng out, we diredled our Courfe to 1 1' North I ..ititude,
f whi( h is much the fame 1 .atitude with Guam. Then we
iftr-red Weft in that Latitude. In all this ^■o)age, we law
IniitlKi' llfli nor I'owl, except once, Ixiiig then, according
to my Account, 5975 Miles Weft frum Cape C^nentes in
Wio Kingdom ol Alexico, when we law a vail Number of
|Bii!>bies, fiippofid to come from Ibme Rocks not far off,
land mentioned in Ibme hydrograi>hical Maps (but we die!
^ot lee them}. After we h.ul tailed 1900 Miles, our Men
egan to murmur 1 but, being encourageel with fair Words
by Captain Su.:in, we failed forward -, anil, feeing Ibme
Clouds lifting in the Weft, they were looked upon as the
'r'oreninncrs of Ljnd. Miiy 20. at tour o'clock in the
\ftcrnoon, k'ing in 12^ jj Nordi Latitude, ajid iKcring
NiMii. VIII.

Weft, wc difcovered, to our great Joy, the Ifte of Guam,
at eight Leagues Dillance •, for, as our Bark palfed over a
rocky Shole, and no fuch Shole is in the Spanijh Charts, wc
were not a litde doubtful, whether the Land wc faw was
the Irte of Guam ; for we had only three liays Provifion
left. Now the Ille of Guam bore North North-cart eight
Leagues. This gives 22 to my Latitude', and takes 9' fromi
my meridian Dillance ; fo that the Ifle is at 13 " 21' North
Latitude, and the meridian Dillance from Corientes 7302
Miles, or 1 25" u'. Guam is one of the Ladrone Iftes, un-
der the Spanifh Jurildidlion. Its Length is twelve Leagues,
and its Breadth four, lying North and South, defended by
a I'mall Fort, with fix Guns, and a Garifon of thirty Sol-
diers, under a Spanijh (jovernor, for the Conveniency of
tilt Philippine Ships, that touch here for Refreftiments in
their Voyage from Apiilco to Manilla. The Soil is indif-
ferently fruitful, proiiucing Rice, Pine-apples, Water-me-
lons, Muflv-melons, Oranges, Limes, Cocoa-nuts, and a
certain Fruit called the Bread-fruit, growing on a Tree as
big as our large Apple-trees, with dark Leaves. TheFniit
is round, and grows on the Boughs, like Apples, of the
Bignefs of a good Peny-loat". When ripe, it turns yellow,
folt, and fweet i l)ut he Natives take it green, and bake it
in an Oven, till the Riml is black. This they fcrape off",
and eat the In'.ide, which is Ibft and white, like the Infide
of new-l).iked Bread, having neither Seed nor Stone ; but,
if it is kciit above twenty-tour Hours, it is harth. As this
I'ruit is in Seafon eight Months in the Year, the Natives
fecil upon no other lort ot Hreael during that time. They
told us, th;u all the Ladrone Illes had Plenty of it. I never
heard of it in any otiier PLce. May 31. wc came to an
Anchor on ciie Well Side of this Me, near the Middle of
it, one Mile from the Shore, there being no anchoring on
t'-.e F.aft Side, by rcalbn of the Trade-wind, which forces
the Waves with great Violence againil it on that Side. Tho
Natives are ftrong-limbed. Copper-coloured, with lon<j;
bl.ick Hair, tinall F'.yes, high Nolls, thick F.ips, vciy white
Teifh, e.nd of a Hern Countenance, tho' they were very
atfable to us. The Air is accounted exceeding wholfome,
except in the wet Sealbn betwixt June and OBokr. 1 hey
are extremely ingenious in building certain Boats or Procs,
(ull'vl all over the Eajl Indies , of about twenty fix or twenty-
tiglit Feet long, and about live or fix Feet high from the
Keel, which is made of the Trunk of a Tree, like the Ca-
noes, and Iharp at both I'.nds. They manage thele Boats
by a Padelle, inftead of a Rudder, and a fquare Sail, with
fuch incredible Swiftnels, that they will fail twenty or
twenty-four Miles an Hour. Thele Boats are ablblutely
flat on one Side, like a Wall ; but the other is round, and
full-bellieti, like other Vefiels. Along this Sioe, parallel
witli the Boat, at lix or feven Feet Dilhance, is lallened a
Log of light Wood of one Foot and an hah wide, and fiiarp
.at e-ich linil, by two Hamboes of eight or ten Feet long,
laid at each F'nd of the Boat. This Log keeps the Boat
tioin overfetting. The Dutch and Englijh call it an Out-
lier or OutLv^cr. Thele Indians inhabit in fmall Vilkiges on
the Well Side near the Shore, and have certain Priclls to
inftrud them in the Chiillian .'Religion. By means of fome
Prefents lent to the Govi rnor, and an obliging Letter from
Capt.iin S-u;:in, we obtaiiieel gootl Store of Hogs, Cocoa-
nuts, Rice, Wheaten Bilcuits, and other Refreftiments,
befules fifty Pountls of Manilla Tobacco •, and, being in-
tbrmed by one ot the Friers, th.it the Ille of Mindanao^
one ot the Philippine lilands, inhabited by Mahomedans,
abounded with Provifions, we filled June 2. with a Itrong
Fall Winil, and arrived the 21ft at the Ille of St. John,
one of the Philippine Illands.

50. 'I'he Philippines are 'a Range of large Illands, reach-
ing trom .-/ North Latituile to 19°, and to 16° Longitude.
The chiit of them is Luconia, where Magellan was killed
with a poilbncd Arrow, and is now intirely under the Spa-
nijh Subjeftion. Their capital City here is Manilla, a large
Town and Sea-port, feated at the South-c.ill F.nd, opjxj-
lite to the Ille of Mindora, a Place of great Strength, .ind
vail Trade, bexaufe the two great Sliips from Acapulco
fetch thence vaft Qiiantities of India Commodities, brought
thither by the Chineje and Pcr.'ugueJ'e, and ibmetimes allb
by thi- Englijh of Lort St. George, tlio' by Stealth, the Spa-
nijh allowing no Commerce here to the Englijh or Dutch,
2 L lor

io6

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

f'Vk

for liar thiy (IjoulJ ^iiUovcr both their Wcikiufs, ami i!»e
Kiihcs of thole Illcs, which alxjuiul ii) CidIiI. 1 o the
South of iMconia arc twelve or fourTitn otiur large Ides,
(bclidi!. an infinite Niimbtr ot Icflcronrs; iiihabitnl bv Sp^-
nuirdi \ but the two Southcrinort, xix. that ot W/. "JobtiAnA
AfituLiiMo, arc the only one> not llibjed to the Spam/h Juril-
ilidion. Tne Ilk- of 67. Jcbn lies between 7" ami S' North
I atitiulc, on tl\e ball Siile of' Mindanao, alxjiit tour 1 .eagues
from It. Its Iz-ngiij, from North North wrtl to South
South-eall, is thirty-ei^iit Leagues, and its Breaiitii alxjut
ttie MiiKlle twenty-four Leagues. I'hc Soil is very fat aiul
ftrtilr. The J III, coming one Le.igue of the lull Siilc of
the IlV of Mindanao, with a Southeaft Winil, we ftiind
along the Lall Side towards the North Kmi, till we came
into 7'" 40 , where we tart .Anchor in a I'mali Kiy, a Mile
from the Shore, in ten Fathom, rocky foul (irouiid. The
Ille of Mindanao is, next to l.uconia, the largert of all the
PbiUppine Iflands, its Ixng'.h being fixty I-eagucs, and its
Breadth forty or titty, the .South Lnd at 5' North 1 Jtmide,
and the No^th-well Lnd reaching almoll to 8" North I-iti-
tiiile. rhc Soil IS generally tat ; and the llony 1 lills pro-
duce many Sorts of Iras, moft of which are not known
among us. Tiie WJleys are watertd with frelh Brooks and
Kinilets, ;ind rtoud with divers fbris of evergreen Trees,
with Rice, \V .iter melons, Plantains, Huianas, (iuavaes.
Nutmegs, Cloves, Beth -nuts, Duriais, Jacks or Jack.is,
Cocoa-nuts, Oranges (£,-. but, al>cve all the rert, a fort of
Trees, which grow wild in (iroves Icveral Miles long,
called the Libby tree by the Native';, which furnirtics the
Sago. The iXK)r I'eoplc Irtxl upon it infUad of Bread here
for three or tour Months tn the Year. The Tree is t;ot
unlike the Calxv.ge-tree ; the Bark and WixkI hard, full of
a white I'ith, like that ot the Lidtr-tree. They cnt down
the Tree, aw!, Iplittmg it in the Middle, fake out . .-I'ith,
which they Ibnip or Ivat well in a Mortar or IVoiigh ;
which done, they put it in a Cloth, and, jKjunng Wattr
upon it. iHr it weil, nil the NS ater carries alio the Sulv
llance with u through i!.j Cloth into the Trough. Th'S,
ait.r It IS wtll-kttlcd, they Icpratc from the Water, by
drawing it off; and Iwke it into C akes. The Sago, tranf-
ported hence into other I'arti of the £i/f Indies, is dried into
fmall Pieces, like Comlits, and uleii, with Milk of Al-
moruls, as a g<;od Kemedy againrt Fluxes, Iving very
ailringent. I he ot! .r I- mits, being either very well known,
or liifbciently dcl'triiK-xl by divers Authors, we will torlvar
to mention in ''us Place. We IhaJI only add, t!ut the
Niitrnrgs here : extremely large and good ; liut they do
not care to proisagatc them, tor tear the Ihtich, who mo-
nojxilize the Tr^'dc of the Spite Idands, fhould be induced
to give them a Viiit. This IHc atfo.-d.s alio both wild and
tame BcallN, as liorl"es, Cow-, Buffaloes, Cioats, wiki Hogs,
l>ccr. Monkeys Guaiv.es, Lizarvis, Srukfs, S(<)r|)ions,
(whofc Sting IS m their lails and thofe caikd C<ntc|iccs,
or Hundreii-ligs by the Eni>ifl>, no bigger than a Goole-
quill, but five Inches lo;ig : Lhey tling liercrr than a Scor-
pion. (>i tame Fowls tjicy have only Dutks ami Mens •,
but, of the wildKii'.d, Pigeons, Parrots, Paraq'.ictocs, lurtle-
ilovis, Bats as big asom Kites ; .uid ot fmall llirds an infi-
nite Number. Ilutr I logs tet^l in proiiigious Herds in
the Wootls, and have ihifk Knobs growing over their Fycs.
In the Heart of tiic Country are Mountains, that afford
icnfiderabk Qjiaj.titics of doKi. Their etiiet Fifti are Bo
nctocs, Smxiks,CavalirsKrcmi'., Mullets.amlSea tortoil'cf.
Neither do thiy w.:nt 1 iaibouns, Cm ks, and Rivers. The
Clinute of Mindanae ii not lb exi.cHive h<Jt, el(>c<:ially near
tile Sea-fule, confidcnng iu Situation near the Line, where
tiic S i-brcez.s cool ili< Air by Day, a. the land-wimis
do at Niglit. 1 he Wuki blows from the Fall from Oilit-
ier to May, wh. n it blovis W<tl to (jltbber again. Thtie
Well Wimls pnxJucc the wet .Sealbn, whii h is hraviill in
Jtily and Aiim^, and begins to remit, by drgn'es, in Sep-
temi'tr, aikl Levies in Oitober, when the Lall Wind bring*
fair Weather till May. Tho' the Inhabitants of the Idr of
Mtndiitiae are^nwrrally alike intoloiir. Stature, and in their
Keligioti, bing Mobiimedtni) yet tluy differ in their lan-
guage and (ioveriuiM-iit. I will only ntention luch as are
coiiu; to my K.n<jwledgc : 1 he 1 IillantKJiis, Mountaineers,
living in the llcm ol the Ille, are .Mailers of the (Jold-
iiiUMrt, and are ruii alio i;i Beeswax, both wluch they ex-
I

change with the Mindanyans for foreign Commodities. Th*
Sologks, inlubiting the North-weft F.nd of the Ide, trafiiiic
with ttiolc o\ Manilla, and fomc other adjacent Iflands-
but not with thofc of Mindanao. The Alfoorts were l(,r!
merly under the fame Government with the Mindanajam
but were fcparatetl from them, by falling to the Shan i,!
younger Children of the Sultan of MiWu^wo, who, of |,i
has laiil Claim to them again. The Mind,tnyans, p^jpd!,
1(» cilled, are of low Stature, with finall lamlK, |it;|^
Heatis, and flrait Ikxiies 1 thiall Kyrs, Ihort Nofi>., vii.:-
Mouths, thin icd laps, and black Teeth, but Ibund. I'll-;
Hair is black and flrait •, their CompUxion tawny, i.
f'omcthing brighter th.ui that of other Indians. They at
ingenious and nimble, but much addided to Idlenrfs; «:. ;
and obliginj^ to Strangers, but withal iinpl.icable, wh
once dilbbliged. Their Clo.tthings are, a Turlun tied on;
round the 1 kail with Cloth, the F.nd.s fringed <jr iaccil
tied in a Knot, and hanging down. They we.ir alio Bre.clu
and Frocks over them ; but neither Stockings nor Shi>-
The Women tie their black and long Hair together 11. j
Knot, hanging down Ixhind. They are fmaller featur:.!
tlun the Men, and have very little Feet. Their Garmn •,
arc only a Piece of Cloth fewed together at both F'nds an,;
a Frock reaching a little below the Waill. They luvet tin
AcqvLuntance and Converfation of white Men, and will Ix;
very free with them, a.s far as tlicy have I .iberty. Or<
peculiar Cuftom they have in the City of Mindanao, thx,
as foon as any Strangers arrive, the Men of Minda>u\
come aboard, to invite them to their Houles, where tiicv
are lure to inquire, whether any of them have a mind ton
Papally or innocent Female Friend). The Str.angers, n
t ivihty, *n- obliged to accept the OtTcr made them of luc.
a Friend, and to (liew tlxir Gratitude by a Imall Prcfmi,
as the Continuance of the fame F'riendfhip murt be pur
chaltd by fome other Trifles ; in Rttuni for which, tiny
have the Liberty to cat, drink and Deep in their Frieii>;s
Houfcs {for their Money). They have no other Fjiti-
tainment there gratis, e.xcent a little Tolwci o and Betel, >.
mean Way of begging, tho' praftilVd even among ih
richeft of the Place. The Capital of this Jfle liears \h
fame Name with tlic Ifland, and is fi-ated on the South Sul ,
two Miles from the Sea, upon the Bank of a ftnall Rivr,
in 7' 20 North I.atitu<U". Their Houl'es are buiic ujo;i
Polls, from fiHirtren to tw. nty F"eet high, having only o: ;
F lixjr, but many Rooms or Partitions. The Sultan'b I loiw
rells ujxin 1^0 great FoOs, and was miuh higher ih.in t'-
reft, with gnat broail Stairs leaiiingup to it. In thelh.I
llooil twenty Pieces of Iron Cannon, pl.iced on Fuld Cjr
riages. Ihe General, and other great Men, have alio fom:
(ions in their Hoiifes, the Floors whereof are gencr.i'
well matted, they ufing no Chairs, l)iit fitting crofs-Kg;^
Their ordinary Fo<xi here is Rice, Sago, and fomc lii.ii
Firtii but the bi-tter vSort cat Buffaloes and F'owl, tho' ,
great deal of Rice with them. They ulc no Sjxx)ns, I
take their Viduals up in their F"ingcrs. Tiiey fpeak, i:i :
(.\ty oi Mindanao, lx)th ihe Mindanyan 3rn\ Malayan 1. 1
guages. Their Prayers arc in Arabic, ami they retain .u
IbnK Turkijb Words. Some of the old People of both .Sex ,
can fp>cak Spanijh, Ixcaule thcSpaniards\\ii\ formerly div
Forts tn this liland, and woiihl, without Qucllion, hr
brought it under Siibjcftion, had not the Fear they w,
in ol Ix-ing attacked by the C/>»»<'/<' at .U.j/»/7/.i obligi d tli ..
to withdraw their Troot's thence -, which Opportunity i
prcli-nt Sultan's Father laid hold on to m.ikc hinililt .Vlal-
of their Ions, and to expel them from the IHe. But,
this time, as they arc moft afraid of the Duhb, fo lii .
have often invited the Enj^lijh to make - Seuleineiit tiic;
believing them not fo cncroaihing as cither ot the Ix! -;
mrntionetl Nations. The thief Trades in this City x
Goldlmiths, Blackfmiths, Carpenters, .md Shij.wriglu'.; :
they build gootlShi^is lx)th for Trade and War. 1 hnr i
C'lmmoiiitirs, tx|X)rteil, arc (iold. Bees wax, and 'T<jta
'I'he two firfl they pun hafe from the Mounraincrrs ,
the lall grows all over the IHe in vail Plenty. Tliele tii .
exehaniv ''"■ Calicix-s, Muflms, and (.hma SilLs. llie M-
danao Tobacco r, rakonrd noway interior to ihatot .^
nilla; yet you may buy ten or twelve PoiauU ot it for a Hi
'The Peoj)le of Mittdiinao arc generally alTlicteil with a il: ■
Scurf ;tii ov<r their B<Klies, with violent Itcliings, wh, ,

w...

'hap. I. Captain William D a m p i h r.

.»hen fcratched, raifcth the Skin into fhiail white Flakes

Jike tiie Scales of fmall Fi(h, ami, after it goes away, leaves

..Dad white Spots on their B<xJies. As it is not infcftious,

[did not percfive they made any great Account of it. They

re alio troubled with the Small-pox ; but their ordinary

)iftempfrs arc Fevers, A^ues, Fluxes, violent Pains, and

jripinps in the Guts, 'i'hcy have many Wivits •, but I

Jtever could learn their Marriage Ceremonies, except that

Ihey feaft their Friends for the moft Part of the Night.

Tht-y are under the Government of a Sultan, who is poor

tnough •, but fo abfolute, that he even commands every

private Subjedl's Purfc at Pleafure. 1 le was between fitty

nd fixty Years old, and had twenty-nine Concubines, bc-

Bdcs his Qiiecn. When he goes abioad, he is carried on a

^ouch upon four Mens Shoulders, attended by a Guard of

^ight or ten Men. He h.»s a Brother called Raja Laut,

■»ho is both chief Minifter and General, a Ihrewd Man, of

Hi Converfation, who both fpeaks and writes Spaniflj very

HI. In thiir Wars they make ufe of Swords, lances, and

land-crcflcts, a Weapn much like a Bayonet, which the

reatcft to the mcantft always wear alxxit them. They ne-

Pcr fight any pitched B.ittlc in the Field, but make fmall

Jen Forts defended by Guns wherein they encamp,

id endeavour to furprife one another by fmall Parties ; and

hey neither give nor take Quarter. They are Mohamme-

ttts, their Siihhalh being on hriday, when the Sultan goes

his Mofque twice. In his Mofque they have a great

)rum, with one Head only, called a Gong. This they

ic inftead ot a Bell, and is bt:at by a Man at twelve,

ree, fix, .md nin( <>f th." Clock, Day and Night. They

irer circumcde their Males till they are eleven or twelve

Tears old, which, as it is done with a great deal of Solcm-

itv, priv.itc People keep their Children, till fomc Man of

aality circumrifes his, and fo make a general Ciicumci-

'n. This Office is performed by a Mohammedan Prieit,

takes hokl of the Forcfkin of tiie Penis with two Sticks,

1 fnips it oft' with a Pair of Si iilbrs. We were prefent at
iC Circumcifion of Raja l.attt's Son, which was performed
ith cxtracjrdinary Magnificence. Their only Fall I ever
ard of is their Ramadan time, which was then in /luguft.
hey fpend a wholeMonth m t.iiVing every Day till F.vening,

n they employ an Mour in Prayers, and afterwards go
Supper. This Fall l)e[!,ins at one New-moon, and con-
ues til! thry fee the next. But it is time to return to our
oy.ige: We came- to Anchor at the North-eaft Side of
ic Iflr- \ hut, underitanding l)y lome ol the Natives, that
le City of Mindanao w.is on the Well Side, we Iteered to
He South-call: with a South-weft Wind. Coming to the
Buth-eafl F.nd of the Itle, we failed to the Kaft of two
nail Ifles, three Leagues dilVant from the Shore ; and,
uly 4. .iMchored on the South-weft Side of a deep Bog,
>iir Leai^ues North-well from the two befbre-mcKtioned
(lail Ides, in fifteen Fathom Water. The Land within
le Bay, on the Faft Side, w,ls high and wootly, yet wa-
bred with feveral Rivers ; but, on the Well Side, bortler-
on the Se.i, we faw l.irge Plains, abounding in long
Irafs, ami vaft Store of Deer, of which we killed as many
(we thought t\t, We ftaid here till the 1 2th, when, iteer-
;our Courfc to the Weft, we arrived July iS. at the F.n-
nce of the River Mindanao, in G" 22' North Latitude,
IJd 2 J ■ 12 Longitude Well from the Lizard of England,
^here we anchoretl in fittcen Fathom Water, clear hard
two Miles from the Shore. Soon after. Raja Laut,
hd line ol the Sultan's .Sons,, came alxiard us, and demanded
' Spani/h, who we were ; and, being told, that we were
«rj///i, they aflccd, whether we were come to fettle among
tm, ot which they had had i'ome Promifc before, and
ne now in hopes to lee it t fVeifled, and to ferve them for
[Protei^tion againfl the Duieb, whom they very much
■adrd. I'ruly, had we conlidered the Matter, it would
ive Ix-cn much for our Advantage to have done fo, con-
iring the commiulious Situ.ition of the Ifle oi Mindanao
twixt the !ipici lllands (the three liles of Meangis abound-
; in Spiee and Cloves, l>eing Icarcc twenty Leagues hence)
id the Pbiiippines -, neither did we want any thing requi-
ke for fuch a Settlement, being provided with all forts of
Wtiticers, as Carpenters, Bricklayers, Shoemakers, Taylors,
Iff. iis alio with convenient loois, Arms, Guns great and
nail, and Ammunition liiiUcient fur fuch a Beginning :

107

And, notwith(l«ndlnu; the prrat DIftance of this IHand from
England, we needed not have hern without Hopes of fea-
fonable Supjilies ihence, provided the Ships fet out the lat-
ter End ol ^luguft, nnd, mfling round terra del Fuego,
ftretch over towards Mimmao \ or tlfe tluy might coalt
down the .Imerirnn Shore lis far ai it was found requifite,
and then direct their Conrfe for this Ifle, to avoid the Dutch
Settlements, and to Imve tin- Advantage of the Faft Trade-
wiml after tht y were paft t'trra del Fuego \ by which means
this Voyage luight bi' performed in fix or ("even Months,
which, palling by the Cape of Cood Hope, would at leall
require eight or nine Months, But to return to Raja Laut
anci his Nephew; Thry invited Captain Swan afhore, and
promifed to funiifli Inin with what Provifions he wanted,
deliring, that, in the iman lime, we ftiould fecure our Ship
in the River, for fear of (he a|iproaching Well Winds i
which Captain Swun, ut'frr lliine Deiibcnition, agreed to.
The River, on whii h Mitidamin llaiuis, being but narrow,
and having not above eleven l''eet Water on the Bar at
Spring-tide, we hid much atlo to |;et our Ship a quarter
of a Milealxive the Mouth, wiirre we moored the Head and
Stern in an Hole i foth.it flir alw.iys lay afloat. The City
of Mindanao is .1 Mile in Length, but not very broad,
ftretching along the Rif!;hf Hunk of the River as you enter
it, tho' it h.is alii) Wmv \ jouf, s on the oppofitc Side. The
Inhabitants frequently i jme alxiard us, and invited our Men
to thi ir 1 loul'es, where thry were kindly entertained after
their Manner with Tobacco nnd Betel \ and fuch of them
as had Money :ind Cloaths, iliil not want their Pagallies or
Platonic Companions, C.ipf.iin .S'r'rtW w.w daily entertained
at Raja f.aul's I louf'* \ and lu< h <if his Men as had no
Money, had Ivnjed Kiee, Sci.iiis of Fewl, and of Buffaloes
Flefh given them. .Afti r tlu ir Faft was over, we were di-
verted witli the Women-daiHits, and furh-iike Sports, as
arc ufu.il in this Country, flut, notwitiiftamling ail thefc
outward Apnear.inces of I'Viendfliip, wc fion after began
to difcovrr Raja l.aiif's liniflrr Intentions •, for, our Ship's
Bottom being nnirh e.itrn with tiie Worms, and we begin-
ning in November to remove the flu atliing Plank, to fee
whether the Worm h:id peiutnited to the m lin Plank, in Pre-
fmce of the laid Raja, he covild not forbear todifcover his
Thoughts by Ihaking his I icul, and telling us, that he never
faw a Ship with two Bottoms before ; bcfitles, that he did not
perform his Promife in providing us with Beef, pretending
he could get none •, and borrowed a confulerable Sum of
(iold of Ciptain Sivan, which he never paid, notwithftand-
ing he recciveil conlider.lbic I'lvlcnts of him before. Thefe
Dilijppointments began to imliK c the greatcft Part of our
Men to think of leaving thn I'l.ice (fuch efpecially as had
not muth Money) : 'I'hrrelore, our Ship being provided
with new Planks, inftead ot the worm-eaten, and the Bot-
tom ftieathed and t,illiiwevl by Deceniber 10. they began to
urge C.iptain S-.van t(» prepare tor the Continuation of their
Voyage. Capmin .V;ei(itf appointed them January 13. 1687.
to be all aboard ready to tail i but, many of them being un-
willing to part fo lixin as others, having difperled them-
fclves in the Country, (by the F,n( ouragcment of Raja
Imui) and the Captain himl( If not being very really to
come on l>o,ird, by iralim ol lome Dilbrders amongft our
Men, they depofeil him from his Command •, and, having
choli;ii Cai^fain i'eat in his room, weighed the i^th in the
Morning;, and failed January i <, from the River Minda-
nao, leaving Captain Su-an, with about forty-four of .his
Men, (befides (Ixteen buried there) behind, in the Town
or City of Mindanao, Wc coallcd to the Weft, along
the South Side of the Ifle of Mindanao, and the next Day
we paflcd in Sight ol CbamliUHgo, a Town of this Ifle,
thirty Leagues from the River of Mindanao, faid to be a
good Harliour. Six Leagues on thn Side of the Weft of
the Ifle of Mindanao, we l.iw .1 great many fmall low Ifles,
and, three Leagues to the South of them, another Ifland,
ftretching twelve Liagueii in Length, and South-weft. Be-
twixt thefe Ifles, and alii) between them and the great Ifle,
are goml Chunels i liut a llrong Tide. The 1 7th, we an-
chored on the F.1II Side of ihrle Illes, in eight Fathom, and
to the Well, upon the Shore ol Mindanao, law the Ruins
of an old Stone Fort, lormcrly beloii|!,inp to the Spaniards.
The 27th, we got alwut the Well Point of Mindanao, ly-
ing under llie Shore to the Noitli, with a frcih North

North -

tie:- \

lo8

The y OY \ GE S of

Book I.

■^

Noithraft G■J,\c^ and continued the ♦"imp Coiirfc, till we
CJim-a brcaft lomc ot the othfr Philtpfine Ides to thr North
Ct us, aiKJ then llccred towards them, yet lb as to keep on
tiic Wdl Side, h'tbrmry 3. we anrhorrv'. 111 a Bay on the
\Vcrt Side t)t an Mand withotn a Name, ii^ q° 15 , '>n the
NVcIl Siilc t)J the llli- ot .yr(»r, ii< cii;ht.T!^ Fathoin Watir,
only (iroiind. Iti Ix-ngth iseij;h' 01 ttn l.eagvic^. In the
Midiile ot thi< Ikjy, we law a low, liiiali, wooily Ille,
luiiiittd l>y a lort ot Hats, of the Bigiiels ot a large lowl,
thiir Wings when extim'fd, bfinjj Icvcn or eij;ht l*it
long : I'.viiy Ni^ht we law thcni, in vail Swainis, take
thtir Might towards the great Ille, and return to the little
on.- in the Morninp.

51. We la.lcd hence Fclruary 10. with aNortli Wind,
coallinj; alon|!; the Well Sale ot the Philippine Itli*. In
our I'aliagr liy Panga, (a iarf^c Iile inhalited by the Spa-
niarlt;, we law m.iny l-irts, Uippoled to Iw: lighted to give
Notice otoiir Approach, 11 i)e;ng rare to lee a ^hip on this
V.0.1II. The iMh, wi- cane 10 an Ancli^-r at du Ni.rth-
wcit I .nd ot th; Ide of Mindcra, in t 'ii VaUionr : It is a
lar^;.- Me, the Middle of it J)iny m n ' l^ngitiiJe. It
rtrctchc* in L4Mi{;th forty Ixague* Nonii-wctl anil South-
call. A linaJ Bro ik of Water ruin into the Sea mar the
Plan- wlicrc wcanciiorcii, and wetawgoiKi Store ot I logs
and OKcn, but they wen.- 1(> wild we could catth or kill
none. Wnd.l we were heie, a Canoe, with tour /»ru;<**J,
rair.e liither :iomi MaaiL, who told us thai: the I larixiur
<j| MoMilIa was fclJom witliout twenty or thirty \ clH 1j,
CiiMtfe, Ptrtngttffe, and Spaniards ; and that if we ha;l a
Miiul to traiie, ( clandcdmely , thry would carry our
L'-ttc.-s 10 certain Merchants there. 1 he jill, we failed
agai:^ and, tlie 2jd, came to the South-eall Ini! ot the
Ille oi l.uicva. We took two Span:jb Barks Ironi I'a-
gajjjitjm, a lir.all Town on the Nortli-eall of this Ille,
lx)und {!.> MintUti : One of theic had (iochIs ahoaid tor
the .UJpuuo Sliip. The Ille ot Im.ohu extends in l-ciigth
6 or 7' of 1 /j.'igitixle, aiid it< Buailth, near the Middle,
lixty Ix-igucs. Ihe Sout.'i lOid is in la' ^o, and the
North Iji.i in 90' North l^atitude. It is furroundcd by
nuay other fmall liles, efpccially at the North l-.nd. Mih-
ticra is the Chief, and tiic neartfl to it, and im{Mrts its
Name to a Lluiiel tliat tuns between it an.i the ii'e ot /.«-
fdiia, callcvl tlie Streiglits ot Minu^ra. The Country is

iurtly coniioled of large Paftuic I'lains, and partly ot
^luuiitnns. '1 hcfc .itTeird iomc Gokt, as ihe .Savannas
or riains a c well (lored with UufTjIoirs, Uullovks, Ilorfr.
Sheep, Goats, and 1 logs. The Inhabitants, who liv^ in
l:ttie Towns, are Indians, under th^ ^pttnijb JurifdiCtion,
tnd inilruclcJ m tJie Koinith Kcligion by ipani/h Pricfts.
Man::la is the ihiet, il not the only City ot the Ifle of
l.UiCnia, Icatid at the I'uot ol a Kidge of high Ililis
fronting the I lartxjur near the .South weli Poinc ot the lile
in u" Notth Latitixle. It is defended oy a llrong Wall ;
tile II<'ul'es are fpacious, ftrong, and covereil with I'antile ;
and the Stiects Lirgc and re^uilar, with a Marketplace in
t.'ie Midrt. 1 liey have majiy lair Churches and Convents.
TluTlarlKiur i. very large. Bclidcs the two great .fco-
fuLt Ships, tluy luvc alnindanee ot fmall VelTels ot their
tiwii. Ttic G;tne/c have commonly thirty or lorty JunLs
or llout Vein Is here: .-Xml the PcrtHiur/e have alto Li-
berty ot Commerce in this Ille. Many Cbintjc Merchants
rclidc cunitantly in this City. A League on this Side thi
City is a lliong I'ort to deiend the Harbour, where the
peat SIiips lay .u Anchor, ihe greateil Pan of this Re-
litjoii I hail trom Mr. Gppingtr, our Chirurgeon, who
lame hit.'icr from the Ccull of Coromnnde!. 1 he Time ot
the Year being too tar I'iJenr lur our I'lirpofe, we relolved
to fail lor /'«.'« Candort, a Knot ot fmall liles on the Coaft
ol Ciitnhodia, a.-.d to return in May, to he in Wait tor the
yfiapuLa Ship. Act ordingly, lebimry ib. we failed from
JjKCHia. Coming to 14' Nortli Latitiuic, we (leered
.*w)iith by Well lor /'«/* Condorc ; and, in our Way thith. r,
Kot Si^ht ot the South l nd of the Praitl Siiolcs, of thrc-
litUc laiuly Iflt^, or large SjKjtS of Sands, Handing jull
alxjve the Water, a Mile tiom us. Atur.b 1^. we came
in Sight of Pk!o (2ndtre, or the Ifie of Condore, ami an-
choral tlie J4th on the North Si.lc of the Ille, m ten l-a
thorn, (lean hard Sand, two Mih* from the Shore. Pula
Coikiore is the chief of a Knot of Illev, atn! the only inlu-
titcd one o! rhcm, in h' 40 Norili Latitude, lufiy

Leigue^ South by Kail from the M<jUth 6f the Rivtrot
Ctmhdia. Two of ihele Ifles arc pretty high and largf,
the rell very fmall. That I lj)eak of, is five LcagiK-s lonjj
lying l^itl and Well, and three Miles broad, but in lon<{
Places not a Mile. 'Ihe other large Iflc is three Milg
long, llretching North and South : Betwixt thofe two, j;
the Well L.ml of the lorgell, is a convenient I larlwur, tt
l',Mtr.inie on the North Sivle, where theic two liUs lie j
Mile alunder. On the largefl Ille grows a tall Tree, tfc
Triuik thr«: or four Feet Diameter, which the lnlubit^,:i
cut horizontically half through, a Foot from the liroumi;
and then cutting the \\\i\w Part allope inwanlly down, tj
it meets with the tranlVerfe Cut, thence diftils a Ijquy I
into an I loliow made in the Semicircular Stump ; whic:
when Ixuled, Ix-comes good Tar i anil, it boileil Hill nior,, I
perfe<fl Pitch, anil antwers both lUcs. Such a Tree aflorj
two CiviartJ ot Ju co every D.iy lor a Month together, Jii
dries ii|i, an.l recovers again. Here are alio Miiiag.
trees, the Iniit whereof thry pickle, while they are |;i
with Salt, Vmegar,and a liftle (iarlick. (irajxTS grow n, ( 1
Ille on a llrait Tree, of a Foot Diameter, in Clulb rs an, .
the Boly of the Tree, like the Cocoas i tluy are I :
red and white, much like our (jrajx-s, and of a pi a;
Talle. This Iflc alio alxjuiuls in wild Nutmeg;!:,..
1 lufc are of the Bignefs of our Walnut-trees, in,; i
I'niit grows aiiumgll the Boughs, like our W.ihiuts, |
IS Imalier than the true Nutmeg, but grows like it, atvl
of the fame Sha[)e, but without Sm< II or Taftc. Ifc ;■,-
Hogs, (iuanoes, and lizards, tliefe Ifles lave liivers \
of Binls, as Parrots, Parraquctoes, Turtle -iloves, I'l;;''.^, , I
and wild Cocks and Hens, 'ihe Su aflbrds Limjisi, I
Mulfels, and Tortoifes. They have many '.(li-wi:;:
Brixjks running into the Sea for ten Months in tlie Vn-, I
and lie veiy conveniently for Trade with Japan, Ckv,
Manilla, Tunqun, C^tbinchina, &c. The lnlnbitan:s ol u |
Ifle ol (lendere arc originally Cocbtncbintfe of a middle Vj.
ture, but well-lhajxil, much d.irker than the Mindamut:A
their I l.iir is (height and black, their Lyes of the \ur: |
Colour, but fmall, and fo are their Nolls, yet pretty higr.;
their Lips thin, with a little Mouth, and white Tecf,
Tlicy arc very civil, but p<x)r, having no otJicr I'Jni)!ov
mtnt but fo gather the Juice for 'Tar, and draw lonieOil
from the Fat ol the Tortoile, which they tr.inl|xjit ;)
Cc(bincbtna. 'I'hey oU'er their Women to all Strr.g.'n
fiir a very fmall Matter -, a Cullom ul(\l alio at Pe^n, ■^■j*,
Cochinchina aiul CtimiodJa ; in the /'lajl Indies, ami ( • ; •
Coall of (iumey, in Afrtia, and alto at lun^utn.
arc Pagans, and worlhip chiefly the Flephant and 11.
Iwfides other Images ot Birds and 1 illi. But I o; 1
none ol human Sluj*. Alartb 1 5. we looked lor .1 i'
to careen in ; and, having met with one, we cntin : :
fame the 16th, wlwrc we llaid till the 6th of y/pnl, .1
wc went hence to the Place wiierc we anchored Ixiur. ,
the NortU Side of the great Ifle, to hll frelli W„: ,
which Ixing atcompUlli d by the ;:itl, we tailed ..l'-i
from Pulo llendort, our Coutfc Well by South, witli a 1
Fart North-<-all Wind, tor the Bay of S:dm, Tlie.',u, |
we came to the Iflc of Ubt, forty Ix-agues Well ii :^
Ifle of Condore, lying at the F.ntrancc near the Soiitii .»: :
Point ot 1 jnd, th.it makes the Point of Siam i.iJeu :..■
Point ot llemoiiiJ. Its Circiimterencc is ("even or lu; :
L< agues, lieing higher Ijnd than any of the Cendore hh.
It lus g(x*l Water rjn the North Side, where yoii nuv
anchor ; but the Ixrll Anclwrage is on the Lall >>;;,
againtt a fmall Bay. 'The i4th, wc entereil flic lij. 4
'■am, which ii very deepv and went m among i ; 1. .
at the Bottiiin ot the Bav. In one ui thele wc U..t.\ i\
fmall tillage, inhabited by Fiflicrmen, but no 1 ilh : > ) »■
turned back ; Uit, being becalmeil, did not reiur:i j
Pulo Ui'i till May 1 j. where we cill Anchor on the lai! |
Side, and were detaincil by Temix-lls till tiic Jotii. l-"«
iill, we tailed thence back lor Pulo Condore, wi.r- •
la.iie to xn .Anchor the 24th : I lere live or lix of eti' M .
going aboard a Malayan \'( fl'el, were llalibed by ilu '1 ; '
Crew. Jutti 4. Ixing provided with Iniel and Irclli \'* ■•■•■'■
We failed IrDiJi J'uh Condore with a Soi!t!i-wtd W; .;,
intending to make Attni/u ; but the Wind lo'.m i-
ing F.all aiid Siniihcall, and continuing lu lur ten P- •
w were toned to.iltcr our C'ouili-, and tlctr (or the M^ii'
J'i.j'j, a liiull lijiv Idand ii,..oled witli Koek>, 1:1 '

v.-

'hap. I. Captain William D a m' p i r r.

I op

,/ay betwixt CanteH (a Chine fi Sfa Port) and Manilla, iti

|o' 4' North Latitude •, but tnc l-laft Winds continuing tor

Svc or fix Days longer with great Violence, we liiw our-

Jvcs obliged to alar uur Reiblution once more, and to obey

Jjc Wind, which brought us near tlie Chinife Shore the

t5th of "June, where we came to an Anchor on the Norch-

jlt End of the lllc of 67. Jolm, lying on the Sea Coaft ot

uantung or Ciuiton, m China, in a 2" 30' North LatituJe.

fhc only Grain we obfervcd here was Rice, i/i great

fknty. Their tame Cattle were China I logs, Buffaloes,

5oats, and funic Oxen, The Inhabitants were Chimfe,

nd, confciiuently, now under tlie Subjeftioti of the Tar-

trs. In the Ulc of St. John w.u a fniall Town, built in

marlhy Ground, u^ion I'ofts : The lloufes mean, low,

nd ill-turniihed. I'he Inhabitants live for the mod part

cultivating their Grounds, which proJuc: Rice. Whilft

vc lay at Anchor here, a Cbinefe Junk lay near us : She

vas Hat both at the Mead and Stern, with little Muts on

cr Ucck of three l-eet high, covered with Palmetto-trees.

khe had a large Cabin with un Altar and Lamp burning in

The Hold was divided into feveral Partitions, each

' them fo tight, that, if a I^ak Ihould Ipring in one, the

is in the next would receive no Damage. Every

lerchant has Ins particular Room, where he itows his

roods, and fomctimes lodscs in it himfelf. I'hcfe Junks

ave no more than two Malts, vtz. a Main- mail and i-ore-

gaft : Ilu: lail has a fouare Sail, and Iquare Yard -, but

be Main-mall has a Sail narrow aloft like a Sloop's Sail.

fair Weather they '^6 alfo a Top-fail, which tlu-y hale

jwn on the Deck in foul Weather, Yard and all. The

lain-iiull of th.' bigell Junks are as big as any of our

lurd-iate Men of War, but not pieced, being all of one

Free.

52. As we faw the Forerunners of an approaclung
rcinpeft, wc wcigiied Anchor, not to want Sea-room. It
»as not long betore we tound our (iuefs too true ; for the
itt Day, being the ^tii of July, the Wind coming to the
iorth-ealt, we were furprifed by tiic moll violent Temjxfft
ever remember in all my Voyages i which lalled, by
ntcrvals, till the 0th, when the Weather proved very
cnc. We refitted our Ship ■, but our Men, being terrified
the highcd Degree by the lail Storm, and dreading the
pproaching Full-moon, refolvcd to (leer towards the
rifcaderts, or Hflier Ifles, in 23° North Latitude. Thcfe
re a good Number of lilands lying betwuct the lilc of
formofa, and the Continent of Chtm. Betwixt the two
"^ ilcriuotl IS a good Harbour -, and, on the Weft Side of
Eailermofl, is a large Town and Fort, defended by a
triar Gai ifon of about three hundred Men. The Houfes
ircrc low, but neatly built. On the Ifland, on the Well
' ie of the Harbour near the Sea-fide, we law another
iiiall 1 own, inhabited by Chinefe •, and moll of the other
Its liave fome (Jjsnefc ^morc or lefs) hving in them. Wc
line to an Anchor in the Harbour July to. and, fending
Boat alliorc, were civilly received by the Tartarian
governor, who fent us fome Prct«;nts, (among the rell a
itiier, the finell I ever cat in my Lite) but would not
jw us cither to tr.ulc there, or come alhore on that
In Return tor which, Mr. Rtad ^now our CapLiin)
:nt him a Silver- hiJted .Sword, a Carbine, and a gold
' ain. Wc liiiled from hence the 29th with a South weft
^ind, (leering for certain Iflands wc lud pitched upon,
lie betwi.xt Formofa and Luconia, being known by no
tier Names than tiic Ftvi Ifits. Wc failed by the South-
eft End of Furmofa,A large Ifle fituated betwixt 21" 20',
nd 250 10' North Latitude, from South to North. Its
ngiiudc is from 142° 5', to 143° 16 Eaft from the Pike
kf Tentriff. It was tormerly well inhabited by the Chinefe,
id Ircqucntcd by the EngUjh •, but the Tartars have fiiicc
jiledthe Harbour, for tear the Cfr/»?yirfljould fortify them-
elves there, ^^guft 6. we came to an Anchor on the Eaft
$ide of the Notthcrmoft ot the five liles in fifteen Fathom
^atcr : They lay in 20^ 20 North Latitude \ and their
jngitudc, according to tlie Charts, in 141° 50'. Con-
rary to our Expcilations, we found, on the Wc near which
»c anchored, three or four large Towns. The Wefter-
noft Hie is tlic biggcft : This the Dutib among us called
he Prince of Orange Ifle, being feven or eight Leagues
}ng, and two broau, ftrctchui)^ Nortli and South. Tliere

Nl'MB. 8.

are two more large Ifles i the Northcrinoft we called
Grafton Ifle : It ftietches four Leagues in i^ength North and
South, and is one League and an halt broad : Unto the
third great Ifle we gave the Name of Mnmnouth Ifle, lying
to the South of Grafton Ifle, three Leagues long N<irtli and
South, and one broad : The other two Ifles, lying Eaft and
Weft, betwixt Monmouth, and the South End of Orange
Ifle, arc called the Bajhce, (tVom a certain Liquor we
drink there) and the Goal Ifles. Orange Ifland is the
lurgeft, but uninhabited, being rocky and barren, and no
Anchorage near ir. Monmouth and Grafton Iflcs are hilly,
but well inhabited. I'he Goat and Bajbce Iflcs arc Hat and
even, and the firft has one Town in it. The Hills of all
thefe Ifles are rccUy, but the Valleys fertile in Grafs, Plan-
tains, Banan.is, Pinc-appits, Pompions, Sugar-canes,
Potatoes, and lume Cotton -, and are well watered with
Brooks of frefli Water. 'I"hey are alfo well ftored with
Goats and Hogs, but fc.irce any Fowl, cither wild or
tame. '1 he Natives are Ihort and thick, round-vifaged,
with low Foreheads, and iliick Eye-brows ; their Eyes of
an hazel Colour, anil fniall, but much bigger than th;:
Cbinefe ; their Nolls are both low and fliort -, their Lip
and Mouth middle-fucd, with white Teeth, and thick,
black, lank Hair, cut ihort to their Ears \ their Com-
plexion is of a dark Copjier-colour. They go always
bare-headtil ; and the greateft Part have no Cloaths, but a
Clout abnit the Middle ; Some have Jackets of Plantain-
leaves, as rough as a Bear-skin. The Women have a Ihort
Petticoat of coarfe Calico, fof their own making) which
reaches a little below the Knees. Both Sexcs wear Ear-
rings m.ide of a y.-llow Metal, (they dig out of their
Mountains) '"ving the Weight and Colour ot true Gold,
but fomething paler : Whether it were fuch in Effedl or
no, I am not able to fay ■, for it looks of a fine Colour ac
firft, but afterwards f.ules 1 which made us iufpcft it, and
therefore our People did not purcliafe much of it. Wc
obfcrved the Natives to befmcar it with rod Earth, and
then, putting it into a quick Fire till it was red-hot, brought
it to its former Colour .igain. Their Houfes are finall,
and fcarce five Feet high. They inhabit in Villages built
on the Sides of rocky Hills, three or four Rows one above
another. Thefe rocky Precipices arc framed by Nature
into different Degrees, or, as it were, deep Steps or Stories^
upon each of which they build a Row of their Houfes»
ami a fecond up to them, gradually, by Ladders fct from
each of thefe Rows up to one another in the Middle of it j
which if they remove, there is no coming at them.
They are alfo very expert in building their Boats, (for tiie
Men live moftly by Filhin^} much like our Deal Yalls,
They have alfo larger VeiVels, managed with twelve or
fourteen Oars, two Men on one Bank. They never kill
any Goats or Hogs themfelves, but feed upon the Guts or
Intrails, and their Skins, whicii they broil, after they have
finged the Hair oft'. They make alfo a Dilh of Locufts^
which come at certain Scafons to devour their Potatoes.
They take them with Nets, and broil or bake them in an
Earthen-pan. This Dilh eats well enough. Their ordi-
nary Drink is Water •, but, befides this, they boil a fort
of Liquor out of the Juice of Sugar-canes, mixed with
Blackberries : This they put afterwards into Jars, and let
it work four or five Days. After it is fettled, it becomes
clear, and affords a ftrong and pleafant Liquor, in Tafte
and Colour not unlike Englijh Beer. The Natives call tiiis
Liquor Bajbee ; whence our Crew gave this Name to one
of the Ifles. What Language they fpeak, I know not, as
not having any Affinity either with the Chinefe or Malayan
Languages. I'he only Arms they ufe are Lances, headed
with Iron ; and they wear a kind of Armour of a Buft'alo'a
Hide, without any Sleeves, which reaches down below the
Knees, where it is diree Feet wide, and as ftiff'as a Board,
but clofe about their Shoulders. I could not perceive them
worlhip any thing -, neither law I any Idols, or any Go-
vernment or Precedency among themfelves, except that
the Children were very rcfpedlful to their Parents. However,
it is likely, they have fome antient Cuftomsinftead of Laws \
tor wc faw a young Lad buried alive, as wc fuppofed, tor
I'heft. They have but one Wife, and flie and the Chil-
dren arc very obedient to the Head of the Family ■, the Boys
arc educated to Fiftiing, and the Girls to work with tUcir
1 F Mother^'

The \ O Y A C; E S oj

Book 1.

,'i ai

■1

Mother! in the l*Iant.uion>, »;,kh arc in ilu- V.illcys,
where every Man |>liii[s his own tjnniiul atiDrvliii!; to tin;
Bigncli ot hii Family, l-or the rtll, th y uu- a lurt of
civil quiet I'copli-, not only to Stranpcn, but alii) .unong
themlclvcs ; tor all the 1 iim- Wl- wire Ikmi-, whillt tluy
came trrqviently alvMnl iw, tliey utlil to ixthang* thiir
yellow Mital, their Goats, ami Fruit, for IriMi : NV< ncvir
oblLrvcd ihini to dirttr, iithcr aDiosn?;!! ih-iiiKh'ts or
our Men, even wlun tlicrc \s-as not (Krafion wanting.
They have no Loin or .Seals, but rivi their Fitces ot yel-
low Metal by (iucls. IXinng our Stay hire, we h.ui \'ro-
TiJed oorlclvn with I'ever.ty <>! eighty iat Hog*, ;uul plenty
ot I'outocs, tor our mteiuleil Vojage to the llle ol .\/4-
lulla : Bui, Htptcmbfr 25. being again luii>rift\l with a
moll violent Tcniprll, wliieii tbrced us ovit to the Sea, we
were every Monuiit 111 naiv'/r of Ixriiig Iw.illowul «i>
by the Waves till ilie .'Ofh, wIkii, the Fury ot tlv
Winds being loiuewhat .illaynl, wc m.ule the bil o> (Hir
Way Iwck to the lile, of whhli we got Sight the .'ot!i, but
couU not coine ri> ajKluirin the lanv I'l.ue whri< wc were
Kfore, till the hrll of Otitkr. Ihis lall .Stonn to ilil-
hcartencii our M( n, th.it they all r. folveil to !.iy .ifule their
IXlign ot Cruifing Ixfoa- Mvulld \ Uit, by t!»e I'cr-
fiulion of faiitain Rtad^ aiul CajMain 'I cat tlie MatKr,
they refolvcd to go to('a;x- (.'omorin, anJ theiiee hUo ih-
Jifj Svi. As the Fjftern Monfix n was at lunii, our
iieareft and 1*1^ Way had been to jul"'. through the SiM'.'.ht
of Miloica ; Kit CajiiiJn Ttat jier'.iuiied them to go
rourhl on the FjII Si le of the Pbilipfine Illes, and lu,
keeping Soutli <-l the .*>'/>. i» Ifle';, to pals into the Injiuii
Ocean, .ibom the lllc ot Itnur.

5}. Wc l^ied OHobfr t,: trom t!u- Illrs to the South,
intending to [jafs througli tiu- Sput lllamis -, wc failed on
the Fid Side ot I.Uioiti.1, and ttie other Philippine Illun!?,
coalling to tlic South. From tlic lllc ot J.uctnia wc (leerett
to the South ; an.!, on the 1 -,th, with a North eall Wiiui,
liiredkxl our Coiiric Well, tor the \(\c ot Miu^mai), where
wc anchored at the Soutli eaft i and ih; 16th, tKlwecn
two linall Illis, in f," to Nonh KitiUKlc, four l^agud
from the Me ol Mihmhm. Whillt we lay hen*, the young
Frincc ot one ot the ad;acent J>'/..c lllands came on Ixiard
us, and told us, that Captain .''uvjw, and fonie ol hii Men,
Wire ftill in the City ot .\J:i:j4iijao, and. .highly eftcemc 1
there tor t!»e ^reit .SiTeuci they hail done aga:nll the ^li-
fttrts. But 1 have iKcn informed fmce, that h', and his
Surgeon, as t'lcy were going aboard a Puti S;up in th.it
Koail, w.re overf;.r, anil linjwnrd by the Narivrs, by /<. /j
lAit'% Order, as was fumxjled wliu had Icizcd all his
Ciol.l. We laiieil hence Srcembtr z. lor the Illand C(ici/(i^
where wc anchored the 9th at the North ealt Find. The
Idv extends itllll irorn North to .South, in -° Latitu ie,
and \n Breadth 3*. It lies under the 1 .i:k. th.- North 1 nl
at r 30 Nortii Latitude, and tl.c S 'Uth F.ntJ at 5' 8 /
South Latitu.'.c : At th. .S^ajth Ijui ul the lilt is a dulph,
eight L.c.ig\KS w.idc, aiid litfy long, niniimg dinctiy North
jnto tlic Cooiury, having ilivcii Inall lllands in i.'k Middle
ot It. Near t.u- 6outh tnd, at the Well Side of the Ift ,
is f.atcd Mjcajjr.r, a r^eh a-ul (Ir-mg I'own lK*l.M>;?,ing t.i
tlic Dutib . If, rc.tl"<n o! the (Irong Ci:rrent lilting to thi-
\Vi!^, wc li^a much ailo U> i',i t to ilic Flail Sidcof t!ic Ide ;
and the zid, b.ing at i" zu Lia(-iics, we law a large Ojx n
iTig like a Creek , M\i\^ (x l.ngucs to the .StKith of it, .1
Range 4 large and liiull I(l..ri, and iruny Slioles, bctv^ixt
which and the Iile ot Ccltbts we palleJ, not withiHit Trou-
ble, ajid tame to an Amhor luit a Mile from the great
Illand, m iight Fatlmni landy 'iround, in i" 50 South
Laiituie. \S I llaid there till tiic i^ih, and the joth tleeied
away .South Utwixt two Sholcs, .»t r South l-atitule, tn
Iragiies irom the lilr ot Ceiehej. lojvards the Fvcnmg,
wc law two or tiircc Spjuis : A Spout is a I'.ccc of a Cloud,
lui iging down, ktmuigly llojJin<j, and li.mcturjci bending
liKe a Wow, Init never perpendicular , alter whicli the Sea
iK-giiis to loam, ar.d you Ice tlic Water move gently round,
l»P, in< resiling in a whirling .Motion, it Hits upwardi a hun-
dred i'.ices in Cireiinjtercnec at the Bottom, but Icirening
gra lailly to die Sn.alnct* of a Sj^ut, through which the
Si- a water appeari to be conveyed inro the Clouds, ai is
HI in.i.ll by lUc Iniieale ot tl»t Buk and Blacknels tticrcof :
'i'iu'ii yoj Ice immediately thv: Clc>ud which was immove-

able Itfore) drive along, and the Spout keeping the fjm:
C'ourll- for half an I lour, till the Sucking is over, inA tl.c -
breaking olV, all the \N attr that was IkIow the Sjjout, w
inndulous Cloud, tall again into the Sea, with a terr.bc
Nolle and t lalhing ; however, thclir Sjiouts are more t,|.
nhle than dangerous. Datthbtri. Iltering .Soutii, wuhj
South South e.ift Wind, at 3" j4 South 1-atitude, wc i t
Sight of the llle of Rautcti, about ten Leagues South wc;;
of us i the fth, wc got ilofetolhe North-well KnJ ij
Boutcn file, but th.- liar: our is at the F.a(t Side of it, in 4-
54 South Latitude. 'I'his Illand llretches twent)-hv;
i ravis 111 1 .ength South-well, and North-well fuur Le.i^ ,r
friin the Soutli-eart Fnd of the llle of O.V^rj 1 its Bniil;
» ten Leagues: Wiihin a Le.igue of the Harljour, , • :
half a Mile from the Sea, is a long 'iown, c.dlid C.;,. ...
/i»r/f , leated on tfic I op of a fmall Hill, in a plcalar.t i'i;i:-,
inelolld with a Walk ol Cocoa trees, and about th' fc wyj;
a lhon;T Sume Wall 1 he Inhaliitants arc not uiiliL h;
.MinJ.inaytw \ I'lit neater, arc Mohammfdani, and I'jvji
the MaLiyan L.in;;ua!;e ? Their Sultan u ablblute Mate
over them, I'lie 6tli, they brought us F'gps, I'owK, I'o
tatoes fc?<-. alxiaid 1 and the Sultati came a(terwa:i!s .•
I'eilon in a Boat, guardrtl by ten or twelve Mulqurt •-
We Haul here till the 1 ?tli \ and then, lleerirg tu ; ,
.South-call, we palled near tour or live fmall llles, ; .
South la«ti'ude, lix Leagues Uom Callafufung llatboi:.'
We f.iw tliKC Towns on them, and heard the Drums bej-
mg all Night as wc were among the Sholes, lying on n;
.Sout.i-welf Wiiui of thcle Itks. TIk ifcth, wc goti.i4.'
ol iheShnhs-, and, the 16th, parted by Otnba, a h-)i
Illand, m ,>) au South latitude, fix Leagues trom :.;
Nonh e.i!l far: < ' the llle ot 'Imtr •, its Length 1$ tw-
t:en Lejgu s, irs Hrc.idth fix Leagues. F.ight Leagu-. ;s
the Well ot Omla we taw anothir llV, with a lar!»e K*:,
ui) it, and Fires by Night; wind., by its Situat.un, »:
gxielii-i! to I* th • llle ot PfH.'are : Flere we were Ix-itt-
aiiiiin^^fV the SlioK-^ till the 2 ;d, when we got through wii::
a Nonh Wind, keeping dole by Pentare. Tlic iSth, »:
law the Nortliw.lt i-'omt ai Timor, dillant eight l.,ejp;-i
Soulh-ia(l by Fait, i he llle vi Timer is high and moa--
t.iinous, llretchi.ig in l.,ength fcvemy Leagues Noith-cjf:
and Southwelf, its Breadth lixteon Leagues, the .MiJj :
ot It in 9" South Latiiude. The 29th, we di!e,;virai
two Inull llles ne.ir the South-weft Fnd of 'Timer ; ,vi,
Ix-ing got dear ot thife, we ftooil oft" South towarils Sn
IJcL^nJ, Fart of the Terra ^-hftralii imoj^Kita.

-4. I'he 71ft, wc ihxxl to the South Wind .it NVrf,
in I j' io latitude 1 at Night we ftood in the No.-th fuf
fear of a Siiulc, laid down in the Charts, at s j" 50 , bcr-
ing South by Well trom the taft Find of 'Timer : I.i th;
Morning wc law the Shole, being a S;)ot of land, «•
]x aruig above the Surface of the Water, with diver. K*^i
about it, ten Feet alx>ve the Water. I: is of a trunr-i-
Form, each Side one Ixague anil a half long. This Stiij
IS reprelented m our Charts fixteen or twenty I.,eagucs tw-i
!\^v IloliMd ; but wc ran at Icaft fixty Leagues attcr^ic-
diK South, Ixtore wc fell in with it 1 and I am very c.t
tain, that no Fart of Nnj IhUar.d lici h far to tlie NorJ
by tiirty Leaciics, as it is laid down in our hydrographicil
.Maps , tor I lound the Tides on the Coall ol Scm //.•
land keeping thrir conllant Courle, the Floixl run):i';
North by F-ill, and the Flit South by Folf. jMuan x
lOJtf. we fell ui with the land ot NrM IhHanJ, at i''
50' Latitude I and, ruiunng along to the Flail twiiv:
J .cigues, came to a Point ot Land, three Leag.iej lu : .:
Fall i.t which is a deep Bay. Wc anchored a I -eig-it; »
the Fait ot thii Point, January 5. two Miles from the Sh' '.
in 29 Fathom, hard Sand and clean (jrouml. A'rtf .';•
land IS a vatt Track of lamd, but whether an llle, or I' '
ot the Continent, is unknown hitherto : Thus muih I ^
lure ot, that it neither joins to Jfia, ^1/rica, or .rtncr:.'
hereabouts : It was even low a.id fainiy OroumI, the Foini

lainiy <

only cxceptid, wh.ch are rocky, ami lomc llles in this B-^
I h.i I'-rt liatl no trelh W.itcr, excc[)t what was dug, ^
divers torts ot Trcn, and, among the rett, the Ur .«j'
tree, which produces the Gum-dragon, or Dragon 1^
Wc law neitlicr Fru.t trees, nor fo much as tlic Tr.i'l^
any hving Animal, except one wliich ti:emcd to !v
Footltcpot a Bcaft, of itic Bitjneft of a large Maitif:-'

Chap. I. Captain William D a m p i e r.

Some few Ltnd-hirds they liavp, but none lii^^gir than a

Black-bird, and frarcr any Water-fowl : Ndilur ilixs tin"

Sea arford any Fifli, except Tortoif ■» ami MaiLitecs, ot

both which they l»avc v.ift Plenty. The Inhabitants arc

tin- moft milerablc Wrctchc^ in the L'nivcrle, having n<»

I loufes or Covering but the IJeavcns i no (iarin<^nts ix-

cipt a Piece of the Bark of a 'IVir, tycd liki; a Ciiidlc

round the Waill i no Sheep, Poultry, or Fruits but feed

upon a few Fi(h, Corkies, MulTcIs, and Periwinkles;

without Religion or (iovernment, but cohabit promif-

cududy : For thir reft, their Bodies are ftrait, thin, and

Ihung-linibcd, with great Heads and I'.yc-brows, ami round

1 oif ht-ads : Their Kye-lids arc conilantiy half clolKI, to

klip the Flies out, which are cxcefTive troubldi^mc here :

'Ihry have large Bottle Nofis, thick Lips, an.l wiiie

Mouths. Both iVlcn and Women, oKl and young, want

thi: two Fore-teeth of the upper Jaw •, but whithir they

j draw them, I atn not able to tell. They hive no Bcanis,

but black Ihort curled I lair like the Afruan Negroes, and

i areas black as thoic. Their Weaiwns are a fort of wooden

; CutlalTes ; inllead of a Lance, they luv;- a llr.iit Pole,

ihariiencd and hardened at the lind. Of their Language

• I can fay nothing, but that thL7 fpeak pretty much in the

■Throat. We landed feveral timts, and at lall brought them

1 to fomething ot a Familiarity with us, by giving them I'ome

[old Cloaths 1 but could never prevail with them to i;ivc us

the Icaft Affiflance in carrying Water, or othcrwife, they

(being very aVerlc to working.

55. March 12. we failed hence, taking our Courl'e
[North. J'hc 26th, we were in the I^atitudc of Cocoa
IlTand, which lies in 11'^ 12'. The zSth, we fell in with
fafinall Iflc, at 10° jO : We failed from hence the fame
J Afternoon, the Wind at Wert and North-weft, which con-
tlinucd with tempeftuous Weather till .Ipril 7. when we
tgot Sight of the Ille of Sumatra, bearing North, being
then at 7 South Larit.idc ; and, the Stli, law the Well
?,nd of tiiat IlV, \-K.i\\:\ at 6' South Latitude. We failed
^long the Weft Side oi Suinalni ; and, the i2t!i, came
lirft loan Ifle, ftarcc a Mile in Ciicumfercnce, lo low, that
[the Tide overflow.s it : It has a landy Soil, and Store ot
IC(Koa-nuts : Its Situation i:i 4 ' South, fifteen Leagues
tWdl of Sunutra. The 19th, Ixring in 3 25 South la-
titude, we law the .Souili-wclt Point ot the Ifle of Naf-
/aco, bt'annp North hvc Miles Dillante. 'I"he 25th, we
crofted the Line, coafting to the North, on the WtftSide
of Sumatra. May i. we ran down by the North-wrrt
ind of Sumatra, directing our Courfe to the Nicobar
[lands J we got Sight of th^m the 4th, a Cluftcr of Iftands
lying South t)f the yludcman Ifles •, but the moft Southerly
of them IS properly called the Nicobar, lying tour L^-agues
Korth North-well bom the North-wtft End of Sumatra.
The Inhabitants trade promikuoufly with all the huropean
Jatioiu i their chief Comn-.oiii.ic^ being Ambcigiife and
r'ruits. A/.fV 5. we anchored in a fmall B.iy, at the North-
vctl Fnd of the Illc of Nuobar, properly fo called, in
eight Fathom W.it'-r •, its Length is twelve Le.igucs, the
Inaiith three or four, in 7^ ;o North Latitude. It pro-
duces Plenty of Oxois and MiJIories, a F'l uit of the Big-
cfs of the Brcad-liuit .it Guam (belore-mentionedj which
he Natives lx)il in Waur in covered Jars. The Inhabit-
I'.ts here are ftrait-limktd, long-vilaged, with black Lytf,
Uid weil-proportioned Noles •, their H.iir is lank and black,
their Complexion ot a Copper-colour •, the Women have
no F.yc-brows ; I fiippofe they pulled them cut becaule the
'len did not like them : The Men wear only a kind of
Rliafli round their Middl •, and the Women nothing but a
Petticoat from the Waift to the knees : I'heir Ijinguage
l».id fume Words of .Miu'iiynn and Pcrtugutfe in it ; iheir
Habitations were built \\\^n\ Polls near the Sea-fide, but I
could lind no ll-ttled Government among them. I'lieir
L'anocs were Hat on one Side, with Outlayers like tliofe of
iuam. Mr. llaH, Mr. Amhroje, and 1, being defirous to
eave this unruly Clew, w^re let alhorc on tins Ille, with
Inlcni to go heme to JJjiii.

56. Accordingly we left this Iilc Msy 5. with four Ma-

hyaiis and a rortu»u<'j'i;, in a Nunhiir Canoe, not much

bipgir th.inour BcJow -bridge Loidvn Whcniesi we rowed

the South four at a time, by Tunis. The 7th, we

jukcd out for b'li'iia/rj, fuppofinjj wc were within twenty

leagues of iti but, inftead thereof, f.iw Niicliit-at eight
Leagues Diftancc 1 at Noonvc found 6' 55 I..atrtuiic.
The 18th, the Wind increafm;^ upon us, we w,re turced
to run b«:t()rc the Wind and Sea ; the Tempcft was fo vio-
lent, that wc expcilcd every Moment to have been fwal-
lowed by the Sea- waves. The 19th, to our greai Joy,
one of our Malayen Friends cried out Pulo H'ay, i, c. the
Ifte oUFtrf, fttuated near the North-weft End of Sumatra,
which, about Noon, wc difcovered to be the very Ille of
Sumatra. 'Vhc high Land they had millaken for the Illc
of Wiiy, prov'.:(l the CoUeH MouHlain of Sumatra, The
20th, wc fteered with a Weft Wind for the Shore •, and,
in the Afiernoon, anchored near the Mouth of the Kiver
J'aJfaH^r Ionia i\n the Ifle ot Sumatra, thirty-fix I^eagucs
to the Kaft of /Ubim, anil fix Ivcagucs to the Weft of
Diamond Point. As wc vvcre half dead with the Fatigue*
ot this Voyage, we were carried to a fmall Fiftier-town near
the River, where we were kindly treated by the Inhabit-
ants, and ftaid till June, wht.i wc left this Place ; and,
in three Days Sail, arriv^.l at /Aw«. Injuly {o\\ovi\ng, I
went with Captarn IFeUcr, 'o Tonquin, and returned to
.Ichin in April 16b 9. where 1 ftaycd u\\ September -, when,
making a lliort Voyage to Manacca, I came thither againft
Cbrijlmas 1690. Si )<)n after, I yttntio Von St. Geor^^e;
whence, after a Stiy of live Months, I came back to liiii'
couli, an Englijh F.-idory on the Weft Coaft of Sumatra.
But betore I give you an Account of my Return to En^-'
land, I niuft not forget one Palfage concerning the painted
Prince, who dml at Oxford; his Name was leoly, and was
purchafcd by one Mr. .bloody at Alindanao, together with
his Mother : Mr. Moody and I went togetlier to Bencouli %
where, .It parting, he gave me half the Share in this painted
Prince, and his Mother, and left them in my Cuftody.
They were bcrn in th;: Ifle of Meargis, abounding \n
Gold, Cloves, and Nutmegs, as himfclf told me : He
was ciirioufly painted down the Breaft, betwixt his Shoulders
behind, but moft ot all on the Thighs before, after the
Nature of Flower -work. By what I could underftand,
this Painting was done by pricking the Skin, and rubbing
in it a certain Gum of a Tree, called Damurer, ufed in-
ftead of Pitch in fome Part of the Indies, rie told me,
that they wore golden Ear-rings, and Bracelets about their
Arms and Legs ■, that their Food was I'otatoes, Fowl,
and Filb. As to his Captivity, he laid, that, as one Day,
he, his Father and Motiier, were going in a Canoe to one
of the two adj.icent Ifles, they were taken by fome Min-
danaynn Fifliermen, who fold them all to the Interpreter
of Raja l.aut, with whom he and his Mother lived as
Slaves live Years, and then were fold for fixty Dollars to
Mr. Moody. Some time afterwards, Mr. Moody prefented
me alio with his Share in them, but the Mother died not
long after, and I had mucli ado to fave the Son's Life.

5 7. During my Stay at Bencculi, I fervcd in the Quality
of a Gunner of the Fort ; but, my Time being expired, I
got aboard Captain Ileatb, in the Defence, with my painted
Prince, in order to my Return fur England. Janu-
ary 25. we failed in Company of three Ships more \ but
hat! not been long at Sea, before a fatal Diftemper raged
aboard us, which we attributed to the Badnels ot the Wa-
ter taken in at Bencou.'i during the Land-llocKls, which is
often impregnated with the Tindures of poilbnous Roots
or Hcrl)s : I'he bell Remedy wc had, was to mix fome
'Famarinds with the Rice we eat, which I believe pre-
feived the Lives of many of our Men, having fcarcc fo
many Men left as were able, but with great Difficulty,
to bring us to the Cape of Gsod Hope, where we came to
an Anchor the Beginning of ylpril, by the Afliftance of a
Dutch Captain and his Men. The Cape of Good Hope is
the Southcrmort Point of the Continent of Africa, in ^4"
20 South Latitude, in u very temperate Climate. It ap-
jx-ars, at Sea, in divers remarkable Points or F.minencies,
aft'opd'ing an agreeable Profpcct •, the moft confiderable of
which IS, a Mountain on the Weft Side of die Cape, callcxl
the 'lable Mountain, from its Flatnefs on die 1 op. To
the North of it is a large Fiarbour, with a low flat Ifle
lying oft" it, by which you may enter at either Side ; the
beft Riding is near the Continent. The Country there-
abouts produces good, but fliort Grafs, and Trees, but
not in great Plenty •, and, when cultivated, produces large

Quantities

IIZ

Ihe V O Y A C; E S 0/

Book I.

l^untitifs of \Vl.c4r Builry, .VnJ I'rJlf, bclKlci KruiM of
•li>ci% Nmci, js .\y\tV\, I'.ari, (^iiiucs Urge I'omgri-
naers .tiul luih I'lnwy ^r draiKS *.\ lumiftics thrm with
VViiir, lurtici. rit not only lot tluii own I'lt, but alio lur
i»4lc to Itii !» .Sh!|>-> is come tu ilm C'jpc : I'hc Wine U
Ivvrt, plcal.mt, Ami Uronj^. N<ir ti»c lUrbour arc but
k w \-j,x>.\\s I hiif , t\*cnry 1 x-ai'iK-s in the Country, arr niiiiy
Sfttlimriits ot ilic Viuub ami l'r<n<h Kcliigtrt. i hey
havt all' I I'Irnty ot Sherp, (•i..iti, I lojtv llotlcJ, ami
V.o\v% , tut Uxiii tluivc iioi Co well here, by rcalon ot the
Ihort I'alhiragr. 'lljiy huvr l«)n\i- wild Heath, but I only
law the Willi Air, a l>eaiitit\il t rcaturc, with black ami
white .Srn|x-! : Neither lio they want Duck*, Donghil-
low!, aiiJ ()iltklir>lite ti> the llirlxxit, near the Shore, the
Dm^b have a lliung Fort, the Ki lulf me i>t ihe ( lowmor)
and to the Well ot it a l)nui> 1 own , on the Back-tide
wlvrcol i» tin Hoiilc Ivloiiyiinj; to the Etft India Com-
l any, with a Ij'.ttiou* lunUn, l^orcd with all manner ot
hniitn, Hc^', R<x)t5, \\ alk% and Arboun. Ihe Na-
tivi< ot til Country arr t allevi the Unirntitt, a middle-
r.z.d l'eo|>le, with ftnill l.iinlj*, and active B<i<l»e«, ilat
oval Fiun, large Kye brows, aiul blaik Kycj. They be-
linr.irthtir Btxite* with Cinrate : Ihion their HeatU they
wrjr nothing but fomc Shells ) and, on their Bodies, a
Mantle ot ilieeiilkin, with the wiwlly Side outwards, and
a-wther Piece, like an Apron, hanging txtore from the
Navel. Inllcad ot llus the Wouicn have a Sheep tkin
round the Middkr. Tin i 1 loulrs arr very mean, and fo
la their iumiture, conlitting only ot two or three earthen
VoK to Jrch their Victiuli in, which is Herbs, Hclh, or
Shell- iiin i thete they i^ch among the Kock<. 'Ihey
have neitlirr 1 riiiples, Idols nur any oili r |xn:uliar I'lace
rl WorOiip. lliry celebrate, iiaiecd, le^rral nottumal
Daiues with Sinking, at the new and tul Moon ; but
thetc aic |xrtormcd n.-ar their \ iitts, and I' n to be rather

P.iAime», or Merry -meetint^, ilon any iKiiig reining to
religious Worlhip. For the rrO, they are aTaiy (iewu
tion V tor they never manure iKcir (irouiHli, Uit are cur
irntdl with trilling their Cattle, which they exchange tut
■I'oliaii.o. After a Stay ot fii Weeks here, we (jjlul
Mtty ^ towarvii Si. Htlnm, an ifle fcairU in |6° Sotith
1 jtituile, where we arrived ynHt ao. It ii about mnt
I.ca|';urs long k an«i, though 400 Leagues lrf)m ihr Cwi.
tment, enjoy* a Icrene Air, ^excepf in the rainy Sealbn) jnj
a rcmprrate and healthy Climate » which, inariher with
the rrfrelbing Herba ihu Illanii produce*, la the Kralon tlut
our ha/I InJia Shi|)i touch here to recover their S«am-;i
trom the Scurvy, which they do in a little time. 1 hn
Ille, alter iti hrtl Lhfcovery by the P$rttifutft, wai pci
fefl'ttl by the Untik \ but thefe relinquilhing it tor theCjir
of GtedHeftt, the knglijb ki{\tK\ here till i67i, whenttiry
were beaten «Hit by the Ihttib, wIkj wcit torced, foon attrr
to iijrrendcr it again to the taglifii, under Captain MnJi^
We have now a Fort there, with a (Mriton, and a gooj
Number ot great Ciuni, to defend the common Landmi;
place, being a Inull Hay, not above 51)0 i'acea wide : W'nl l;
thii Hay ftaiuls a Imall tngii/k Town « the Inhabiianti have
ing their Plantations deeper into the Country, whkh tufr,ii)|
titem with Potatoes, Plantains, Bananas, Hogi, Bd,-
kicks. Cocks, ami Hens, Ducks, Geciir, and Turkeys, m
valt Plenty. JuJy 1. i6yi. we left thii Ifle, tieeringo,,
CtHjrfe for England. We ttwk the Mid-way, betwiit .ifm
and the /fnurnaii Continent, t\ill to the North of the Lnr,
and came to an Anchor in the/)*tMi/,6'<]p/rai^m6.lollowui.'
After my Anival in the TbMui, being in want ot Motxr,
1 Ibkl, at tirtl. Part ot th^ Property 1 had in the betur
mentioned Pnncr Jrth, aiul, by I>grees, all the reft. 1
undcttfood atterwants, that he was carried about lor a Sigl*,
and Ihewn ti>r Money -, and that, at b(l, he died ot t:<
Small pux at 0*J»rd,

SECTION XIV.

Captain Wim.i am Dampif.k'j Voya^ to Ntrw Holland, and Ncnv Guincy, from hh (n:*,

Auuuttt.

I. Tbf on-rinA Dcftgn of tNt f'oyjgf, tuij iti Connclfli 1 with th former, j. Oi/>tai» Dampicr faili ■:
the Roebuck /rem /iie I> nviis, jaisuarv 14. 1699. 3. Dr/triptien 0/ Satita Cruz, an J the IjUnJoJlt-
rjcritT. one of tbf dmx,>.-. 4,. 'The l/li'iJ 0/ \Uyo Ji-Jiri^eti. f. Aci:ount of tl^t of St. \iff>. b.fti
j-lulio's Arrival it thr Bay cj All Saints in Br.ilil. 7. Tie To%vn and Country about it dffinhd
8. l^nfinu(t.''on of tLv f'^^gf to the Ciftt of Gocxi Hope. «;. Arrival in Sharks hay on the Coail f
New lioliaiid. 10. ^■iciount cf /r.rral luftfequfnt Di/mrrifs, and of the m/rny Errors in tbe I)u!u.'i
Cham. I I. Dijficitltifi occurring in their Commeri r -with the Indian Natixet. 1 2. The Country an.i C-A
tf New F!i)lliiiid defribeif. 13. Tbe Author i ExpeElaticim, end tit Grounds of tlxje Exftt^jtiA..
14. Rea;r.ni fir quiffing the Cojji of "Sew Holland, n. Tt.*e AulUr fiilt for the IJland of Ti:ii
16. Anicil on tf^eCMjl, and Anidenfs there, ij. Account 0/ the f/land AnzmAMO, or Anabao, «j.
j'JniMg tj Tinwir. 18. Tranjailicni during the Autf.>or s Stay tltre. 19. A copious Dtfcripiion ot !.;
Ifijud of Timor, jo. Condition of tbe Dutch <m</ I'ortuguclc Settlements there. 11. DeJ'cripucn '.:
other J/ianJs, and ti.'fir Inhabitants. 2 J. Cockle Jjland,^ and iti Prodi,, f ions. J3. Other Iflandn\
thefe Seas, and Things remarkable in them. 24. Tw Main. land of New Ouincy, and its Inhabitan:\
defer iK'd. if. Departure from thence, and Dijcovery of many IJlandi. z6. Particulars relating :>
the Inhahit.in.'f, ard tf:eir Commerce. 27. Di/cr.'ery of Cape St. George, and Cape Orford. 28. '7?^
Author r.-johes to land; and, if foible, enter into Commerce with the Natives on the Continent of Nc*
Cuiricy. 29. Finding that very dijicult, has recourfe to various Arts. 30. At luJI obliged to talit R--
fiyl'ments Ay Forct. 31. IJe leaves that Coajl, and proceeds to make frejfj Dij'coveries. ^z.The I/L«l
of Nova HnUni,:i, (3c. defcribed. 33. Other Traiifa^ions in this P'oyage, 34. Ijlandiof Milac^oil'v,
FcMitarc, t;c-, ^^. Continuation of the Foyage from Balavia. 36. Tbe Skip firings an incurable L^'--
^y. Ihe Author runs tbe Roebuck apMre on the Ijland of Afcenfion. 38. Returns Jafe to England '

• ^<;r</ //'«' Canterbury liall-India-man. 39. Remarks upon this Expedition,

I i I F. Reputation of his Voyage rourui the
W" 111, reroniniendedour Author tothe Favour
ot the motV ingenious Perfons, and to the
preateft Flncouragers of public - fpirited Underukmgs
that the Af^r produeed ; aixl, amongft thefe, to the Right
1 forniurable Thomas Herbert, Fjrl oj Pembroke, who moft
worthily difiharged the Otficc of Lord High Admiral in
thr Reign ot King WUliam lU. to whom otir Author ap-
■ • ^-- J

plied himfelf for Favour and Protriflion, aj well as fur
Countenance in the Defian he had formed for prolei^"-. '-
thofe Difcoveries, which his laft Voyage had givm
Hojxs might be done with tfTeft. Tt is well cn^-;
known, that Propoiicions of this Kind arc very nr'
agreeable to great Minillcrs ; which is fometimes owi
|x-rha))s to their being very indifferent Judges of IikK Me-
ters. It was the good Fortune of Captain Dampxr, ■

Chap. I.

Cjptitin William D a m p i e r.

ftLiJt U himfrir lo .1 Patron of qxiitc . jtlicr Kiiitl. wlu)
liftciKil tt Attcntu. i, in
courogai in hiiii due laikl.ibL An>bitinn, which promptnl
him iij rxix)fc liiinlclt in lo rol)l i IKIif',n, and furnilhal
him witlj Means for itnilert-ikin^ that V.>yaj;r, wlmh he
hill fo long muiitar. il lor tlv (lublic Aiiv int-mc IKn,
tluiilon, oiiglir t.) l)-; KMifKlcriil ai a rupplctmntal Voy-
ag' to the laltv ami, uiilrtil, in this Light the Autlioi
jtcniJ to have conl'uKivit it, by his frajutiit Rctcrcnccs
iioni this to that.

I. I fallal, fays lie, fnun tlir Drwm, January \\. 169^1,
with a lair VViiui, in )\i» Maj -lly's Ship ih - Kocbink, cm-
lyiiiK ii' this Voyagf twelve Ciuiis, Jillv Men and Hoy^,
jiiij tw/nty Month. IVovilion. We to.»k our IKiiartmr
from the Start, whu h wa'i the latl Land *■•• faw in kn^-
imd, as the Hrll w<- faw, afti r we wrri' «iut ol the Chaii'l,
woi Capt' //»(//«•» >v, wiiit h wc nmic on tlir i')fh; and,
on tlip J8th, nuilc lan.erou, one of the CLinarf Iflands.
Wc then lUiod away tor liic Illaml of 'T'cttriff, whr.e I
inttmled to take in Wirul and Brandy lor my Voyage.
Jiinuury \o. \ amimud in tilt KoatI of Santa ('>nz, the
litt.ll Fort in the Iiland lor mv I'urpoii-. The lioul hr-
I'lirr tills I'lacc is hut very inditViicnt, lying fo oj>cn to flu'
Vail, that Winds Imm that Qiurnr inakr a gnat .Swell,
uiid rcndrr it very dangerous goinj; .ilhoie 111 Bo.its. The
liell I arding ii in a fiiull faiidy Cov» , alwut a Mile to
the Nurth-caft (,\ ilit; Road, wlicrc tlnre is vrry good
W.iter •, inlLimiKh that Ships which take in rlicir leading
at Oratavia, which if thf principal Fart oi tin- IlLind tor
Trad/.-, fend their Hoars thither lt;r W.mr. That I'ort,
howcvii, is r.ithi; lort (Xpofcd vo Welhily, tlun this to
l-'afteriy W'lnd.'i, \vhich was the Realon I dccl.iied it.
Thcr- aic iH-twctn this Watering plac and Santa Cruz
two tinall I'orrs, wincli, with tcverai Batteries, ffrvir to
coiiunand tin- Ki^a^l, and fecure thir I'lacc from bcini', in-
fultcd by I'livatecrs. The Ti.nc I ftaycd here gave mc
all the ncceflaiy C)p[x)ttunities lor conlidcring tli- I'l.ice,
Its Iniiabitaiits, and the- Country adjiccnt v and therefore
Ciu'.iled me to l()rm loch a nel'i nption of thv in, .ns may
titisly tlie Rcaiki ' . C iiriolity, .md ^ive him a tolerable Iilea
of an liland (o olitii mentioned by N.ivigators, on ac-
count of the placing here the fnd .Meridian, from which
the l.l.grces of Longitude in our ..laps arc generally
h>.koi.>vt.

. 3.', This Town of Siinta Cruz is a fmajl Town, without
any Wall about it, .'Uid defended only by two Korts. It
uas here tiiat our famous Admiial Blake deilroyed the
Spaiulh Galleons /Ipril 10. 1657. and the W ncksot .omc
ot tliem are lying ftill there in fifteen Fathom W .iter. Soon
athr my Ariiv.ii, f went by l^and to the City of J.afuna,
|at .Vlttropolis of tiiis Ille, m\A lIk- Uefi! 'iicc cf thr prc-
lent (Jovernor-Ciencralof the 6'd»j;> IlUinds, whole Name
is Den Pt-'ro de Futi:, a Natiw <.f this liland, and not
k)iig ago I'lefuirin of Panama, in th'* South .Seas, a very
»orthy M.in, flrictly 'juft, anil very kind to Strangers.
The (. ity of Lacuna is of a tolerable Size, and vcr/ com-
pel, making a very agrt\.ibl(: J*rolj)ce't at a Dilbnce.
• Hands I'ait of it ag.untl ii\ I lill, ainl Fart in a Level.
'1 lie I loiilts have nioftiy Ihong Walls, btiilt with Srone,
and covered withFantilc : They are notunitiirm; yt they
appiar pleafant ei.ough. There are many fair Buildings,
among which arc two Faiifli Churches, two Nunneries,
an Holpit.il, lour Convent;:, anil liime Clupcls, iK-fulc-s
runy (icntlenKns I loules. 'I'he Convents an thete, ot S:.
/lujtiH, St.Doinui.,, M. Jhwcii, ir.dSt. Dit'go. llutwo
Ciiurtiies li,ive [^rtuy high It^uare Steeples, whlcli top the
rU^ of the Buildings : llie Streets arc not regular ; yet
they are molUy Ipacious, and pretty liaiuUbme •, and, ncir
tile Middle ct the Town, there is a large F.irade, wbieli
haj good Biiililii.g about it. There is a thong Frifon ■ ii
uc Side ot It, iieii- which is a large Conduit of good
i'\\'arer, tliat liippla-i the whole I'uwn. They have many
'j.irdcns, v.liichaic lit round wnli Oianges, IJmcs, and
tiur riulcs ; in the- Middle of which are ho: Herbs, Sal-
iding, I'luwers, ^f. and, indeed, if tiie InhaiitanLs were
:urious this Way, they might have very pleaimirGartltns ■,
;or, as the Town ttuiils high Irum the Sea, on the Brow
I a Flain that is ail open to the I'mI, ami hath, conle-
uc ntly, the Benefit oi ilie true Trade-wind • hicli Hows
NuM B, S,

here, and i.s moll mmmnnly l.iir, tlirri* are H-lilom wanf-
ing, at this IWii, kuk, KMiling, ami rdi-lliing Brce/c
all the Day. On the H-ick of the J'own ther - u a large
Flam, ol three or lour L'-agues in Length, a- i two MiVs
broad, prtKhttiiU!, a thick kindlv "<.rt of l.i.ifi, winch
looked green, and very pi aliiiit, when I was fh:re, like our
Mcotlow m Fn^lanJ in the Spring. On th • lull We of
this Flain, vcty near the Hark of the Town, there ,s a
natural I .ake or Fond of frclh Water. It is alxiiit half a
Mile in Circumf.reme I hut, being ft.agnanr, 'tijonly uftd
for Cattle to drink. In the Winter, Icvr.d .Sorts of
W'iKlfowl ref'oir hither, atVording Flenty of (iame to the
Inh.iljitants of f,ii;tiHa : This City is called l.a,i;nim from
.hence ; tor that Word, in v'''/>flr;y/j,'fignities a I .ake or Fond.
The Flain h bounded on f'' • W(l>, the North well, and
the South-w, If, with high ilecp Hili, as high a'lovc this
Flain, as, this is above: the Seav and 'tis from the Loot of
one of tliele Mountains tliat the \V.itcr ol the Cnt^duit,
whirli fupplics the 1 own, m convcyetl over the Flain 111 ,
Troughs ot Stone, raited upon IMIars -, and indeed, ron-
fidrriiiR th-- Suu.ation of the Town, its large Frofptil to
rhe lull, ftor from hcnrc yoii fee the grand Canary) \n
f iarden.s, cool ArUnirs, pleatanr Flain, green Fickis thf
Fond and .Vqiudud, and its retielliing Breezes, it is a
very delightlul Dwellii (r, elpccialiy for liich as h.nr hot
Bullnefs that calls tjiefii tar and often from hence •, for, rhe
liland being ojcucrally tn ..iitainous, ftcep, .ind cracjgv, hiil
of Rilings and Fallings, 'tis very troulil lome travelling
uj) and down in it, unlef in the Cool of the Mornirgs and
Lvtnings •, and Mules and AlTes are molt ufed by rhrm,
both for Riding and Carriage, as fittelf for the ftony un-
even Roads. Ikyond the Mountains, on the South-will
Side ftill farther up, you may fee from the Town and Flain
a fmall peeked Hill ovi -looking the rell » this is that
whidi is called the I'ikc cj I'entriff, fo mucli noted lor
its Height , but we Uw it h''rc at lo great a Diladvantige,
by reaion < f the Nrarnefs of the ailj.irenr Mountains to
us th.it it Linked iti.oiilideralile in n Ipcft ro irs r'amc.
The rrur Malmley NN'ine is jirodiired in this liland, and
is etl- emed the licll white \N ine in the World. Here is
alfo Cai„;ry Wine, ..nd V'erdona or green 'Wine. Tiic
Canary grows chic tly on the Well Side of the liland, and
therefore is c( mmonly lint to Oratavia, which, fxingth?
chief Sea-port t, r I'raile in the Ifland, the principaU'Vif/;;*
Merciiants r f .ie there, with their Conllil, becaule we have
a great Traik lor this Wine. I v.as tokl, that that Ion
is bifiger than Laguua ; that it has but one Chuieli, but
many Convents ; that the Fort is but ordinary at jietl,
and is very bad when the North-weft Winds blow. Theft;
Noriiiwifl Winds give notiie of theircoming, by a great
Sea that tumbles in on the Shore forliniie time Utore tliey
C'lme, and by a black Sky in the North-well. Llpontluli;
Signs Ships either get up their Anchors or flip their Ca-
bles, ,ind put to .Sea, an<l ply otVand on till the W'cather
is over : Sometinv ; thev are forced to do ti) two or tiiive
times Ix-tore tliey tan t^ike in rluir Latling, svhich 'tis h.ird
to do here in the f.iirell Weather ; and tl r frelh W ater
they (iTi\, as I h.ive fiid, to Santa Cruz. Verdona is
green, tlrona-bodied Wii,-^, harfher and Iharper th'.n Ca-
nary : ' lis i-.ot i\y much t ti eemed in Fiiropc, but is i y]iorted
to the H'ijl Indiis, and will keep l>,ll in lint Countries »
for winch I{cafon I touchtxl h'^e, to tike in fome of it
for my Voyage : This Sort ot Wine is made chi; liy on
thi- Lart Side ol the lHand, and Ihippcvl fiff at Sr.nta Cruz.

4. We filled tnim Sant.i Cruz terunry ■ . tosvirdsthe
Iflc ot A'/(jv.-, one of the Cape VerH Iflands. The ot!;,
being in the Latitude of 15° 4', we lleert\l away \Ve!l:
North-well for the fiid Iflc, where we anchored the 1 uh
in the Rn.id, wliich is tlie I < ewaixl Fart of the \\\c, m four-
tern Fathom, clean Sand, ami fn.fxith Water. The
ll'e of May is rouiulilh, ^v^^^n Leagues \\\ Circuit, in i^"
North Latitude. On rhe Well .Side of it, where t!ie Road
f(.r Ships is there is a large fandy B:iy, witlan wl.i. h is 1
fp.acious S.ilt Fond : 'i hole who come hitl.er to lade Sa t,
take it up .is it kcrn<, ar.d lay it up in 1 leaps. '1 l.c Eng-
Ujh have a ei>nfider.il.>!e T'.ide here in Salt, which colls no-
tiiiiiii bur th • Ixibourro i.ikeitour, ::n I whechng -t ftn^m
the Fond -, .u d the Carnage tli.-n. e to the Vrn^f Brat, a"}
the J>eamen call ir, 'by which it is conveyed aboa.d the S;iips)
.'. G b.ing

'' IH

,1 . •

nc V O Y A CJ E .S «>/

B<x)k I,

.1: ill'

f )

ItiiiR iviTiwmeil by Muk«, i« very »lu.i|». lor tho rr|»,
fhr Noil ul iC u HiMfAMy l-aiirii, ih- tifot.iul bcinjj Saii.l
ur Itwlc Suinr, wuhoii; «iiy rtclh wAicr Rivtn or l'o«nl«,
f«iqt one Spring m tlir Cntrcol ilic Ulc, n»nnin|^thro
4 V«ilfy, *hirf iIh: InJulnuiUi luv< ihnc Inull lo>»n»,
i'i«/r, ^z 7«*«*'. ••"* /•'X"» ""■ •"•'■^'""" "*"^ '^'
gro iby IXi'iriu, »ml rclin»l>lii'g Owli- »• .yirfVrf. \\ they
art- Subjc^ti ol l'tri*n<il, U> ilir/ lollow ctirir RcIuciimk
N't have I'lult* aiul 4 (loveinor o« thfi* uwu Niiion.
IlKir IfuiM arc ihielly V\%*, ami \N\itcr nu loin t ih«if
\v\\ I aikl tnimilt CJiati -nJ AlFn . 1 h.- Se« atlonU tfwm
lXi||ihins Hon<it.ii, Mullflt, SnjpjxT^, S.lvrr hlh, 'iif
filh, *r,il Krrrn Tj rcortfs An inn ihc wrt Setlon in A/fr,
7M^ 7*/r, in.1 ,.'i«c«V*, whkh it chtir I imc ..I I ayinR
It mjy Iccm Ibnie^htt rtnngf, that not lunlc only, tut
•II Sirtit ot atnihil'ioui Lrratt.rri, by their F^jgs n«H in
till- liry, I ut wit St-aton. whKh one wtuM imigine n^ight
jrllroy ihcni lu aiimint lor tlin, h<jwivir, with ("oinc
iX-prcc ot Prv)M'ility, wc wight to lonfulcr, that thtlc
Animal* all lay tlie.r l(ffi» vrry deep \ (<» tkat the Kain, It
ing lirank up by the Sa«»l ovir tlKin. iw>t only never
reurhet («> as to lji->il them, btit cheiki «Nb the rifing Heat i
am), l)y keeping it viowm aniwerj «il the Intcntioni ol a
Stovr, Of hot Btd.

::,. Ittrmirf Ki. we failed from }^nct to St fagf, fix
Ixagurt to tilt- NVrH •, hik!, tlie ntxt !)«y, anchoreil near
iV hgt I'own, lying on the South well Sale ot the llle,
in it>' North I^JtitiKle, the Rcliilencc ol the /'»r/«/i(//r
tK»v»rror, and U tlic Bilho*,) (il all the Cajjc fVrJ llUrdt.
I hn lown Itaiklt kattrrir;; againit tlic Sn'fi of two
M<.imuirs btiwan which ;here u a great Valliy, which
1% aLwit 1 io Yar li wide. Againll the Sra there it ^
llraggling Strert, 1 1< ulti on eaih Suie, arxl a Hun ( f W i
trr in the Bottorn, wh>ch riTiplics itfelt into a tine Inull
Cove, or I'-nily Bav, wherr tlie Set ti lommonly viry
Inw til , (i> that Itere i% good Watering and goml I amling
4t anv tur.c, t'x ugh the R04.I be rocky, ami txnl tor Shipt :
Jull by the lading plate thi-re i« a liiull lott, ainioll
kvel witli the >>c», where st always a Corj>» de gan!e krj t
on iIk i<ij> ol t'A Hill : Atove the Tovkii there i» another
I'ott, wim h. by the Wall th.it 11 to be leen troni the Koail,
l-rniv to be a larg: i'lai c : Ihey have Cannon mounted
there ; but iiow iiuny 1 know not, neither what I ilc that
Koit lOii be ol, ixicpt It be tor Saliitet. The 'I'ow;i nuy
conl'iit of 2 or ;?i..o 1 loulcJ, all bui': ot rough >"ti>ne, have-
ing aill) one Convent, -nd one Church ; the l\ople in
general a bl-tk, or at Icall ot a mixt ColoMr, excej t or.ly
liiinc tew ol tlw Ij-tfir for-, viz. the Ciovirnor, the bi
Ihop, fomr ol the (Jentlcmen, and lome ot the Padres »
lor lome ol tin If are blatk. The I'cojile aliout Prma are
thuvilh ; but thole ol St. /a/i 1 own, livirg under their
(i.,vtrnorM-.yc, airinorc onierly, though generally peer,
luving littJc Trade i yet, bclidet cliancc Ship ol cxher
Natioiii, there eumc hitlier a Ptrtagutfr Ship or two every
Yr.tr, in thrir Way to Brj^!. 1 iiele vend among them
a ttw I Mt»f<ii» Coinmoiitie^, and take otV tiicir principal
Marutadurr*, \tz. Ihij^ed Cotton, which ihey carry
with thmi to Brafil. Another Ship alio come* hithtr
trom i'*riitgiii tor Sugar, their other Manufacture, and
returns with a direClly thith<r : For 't« remrtcd, that
there arc trvrral tiiull Sugar works on this Illand, trom
w/.kIi ihey l:nd Muitic near mo Tons every Y'car : And
they h.ivc Plenty ot Cotton growing up in the Country,
\. lure With they Joathe themlclve«, and lend alk^adcal to
Bra/il. They lavc Vinei, ot tl»c Fruit of which they
make lome Wine; but the Europtan Sliipi furnilh them
wiih b.tter, though tlu-y drink but little of any. Their
chief Fniiis are (befidrt I'lantaint in abundance) Orangei,
J .eiiiuns, Litront, Mrlont, b<ith Mulk and Water-mck>n»;
1 imr*. ijuavat, I'omgranates, Quinces, CuAard-apples,
and Fajahs, Wi . 1 he Cuftard-apple as wc call it; is a
V mit as big as a I'oingranate, and much of the fame Co-
lour : Iheoutlulc Hu»kfliell, or Rind, v>, lur Subftancc
and Tliicknel's Ixlwecn the Shell of a i'omgranatc and
the i'eel ol a in'*/// ( )range, lofter than this, yet more bit-
ter than th^f. 1 he Coat or Covering is alto remarkable,
in that It is iKJct round with (mall regular Kn'jlx, or
Rifing^ ; and the Inlidc ot tiie Fruit is lull of a white lott
Fulp, tweet, and viry picatant, and mult rciemblin|{ a

CullanI of any thing, both in Colnir and Taftr ^ do^
whir<e, prolatily, it it called a C ul)ar\l apric by wir /h,.
Ii/b: It lut, in the Mhidir, a Irw liiull black Sionn u
Ktrneli, but no Core \ fir 'tit all IHiIp; Itie Trtr ih«
bears th:i Fruit ii ahudi the Bignrfk of « Q^iincr-trrr, t,M\.
lon([, linall, and thaklet Rranclm fpirad much alvr^i^
At tlie Fxtrrmity nt here and tlwre on.- of which, the ^nl•
l^rowt u|M>n a Stalk of iit own, about nine or tm liulyi
long, (Under and lough, ard hanging down with iti u«n
Wiight A large Tree of tint .Sort bears uliiaily iwrrri
or thiiiy Apples, very leMoni more. Thit Fiuit gru»i
in n'olk Countrirt within the Trupii t \ I have lien ul ilri
nlm' I omiitetl the IVtirripcion of tliem before) all ovr
the H'tji InJit', both Coniinrni and lllandt, as alio
Brtifil, M\<\ in the t.*fi In^iii. The t'a(uh loo ututnv
a!| thefcCuuntntt, ih<'Ugh I havenot hilhr no defer ihn*'
Il it • Fruit about liir Si^tuK of a MuHc-mckm, hollcw
It is •tnd mkkh reli mbltng it in Slu|« ami Cokjur, bii^
Outlkie ami liifii'r \ only in the MHldle, uillead >Ji U
KerneS which the Melon, have, thelo have an IlanJtuI
lilaikifli Seetls, Ja.iit the Bi^^nelt of IVpucr ixwit, *hu(
Talle It alfo hot on the Tongue, Ibmrwlai like J'epp"
The Fruit iifrit is Iwrel, loft, and lufciou*, when ii|><: ,tv,
whJe green, 1$ hard an- 1 uiifavoury ( thoupji, even thti,
ing Niiled, and eaten \»iih lalt I'utk or Beef, k \a\r
llea<l of I umepi", ard is ai much eHeented. The I'j';
trre is about fn or twelve I'eet hi^-h \ the ftnly, nrat •
CiroumI, nuy be a Foot aral an hall or two Feet Diainr -,
ankl It grows up taper to the Top : It has no Kranchci c
all, Ihii only large 1 ravrs grov«ing uficn Stalks, wS >,

I)roceed out of ihc Boity : I ne I eaves are of a roii^,' i
orm, and lagged about the Kdgrs, having thtir .SuIn,
or .Siumpi, kingcr or Ihorti r, u they grow nearrr rn
furthrr from the Top. They begin to lining from ott 't
the B<xly of the Tnc at about fix or I'even Fe«t high frori
the (jnitml, the I'runk being lure below j btit, above tSjf,
the I .ravel grow thicker anci larger till towards its Wr.
whirc they arc clofe and broad. The Fruit grows (. v
among ilic 1 .caves, and ihkrkeft among the thickell of thi-rii
infoniuch that, towards the lop ol the I'ree, the \\i!:i
lj>ring torth fioni its Body, as thick as they can Uick irt
liy another \ but then, lower down, where the I .eavri j:;
thipner, the Fmit is larger, ami of tlic Site I havr V
U iilxd i aiiil at t!ie Top, where they ari.- thick, they ar: bu
fiiuli, and no bigger tlun ordinary Tumrpt, yettallcrfilK
the rift. As to tlie 1 AiHt-animals, Fowls and Iiih, tl ■•
is nothing I can fay about them that ought to i!t t im : ■
Reader \ arul ihcretore I will prcKced in my Voyage, v c:
remaiking, that the Roail ol St. lagt is lubad, that mn;
Ijte I think 1 never I'aw one worii-.

6. We failed from St. /jg» Mrvary iJ. and my Imrn-
tion was to lave gone to Ptmamlmfa, and from thent; I'l
reiSly to the Coall of AVto 6'«>iry •, and thit out of p.r
Comjjallion to my Ship\ Company, who wrre Iv • rt
young Seamen, there being only two in the Ship tlui .. '
ever lulTcd ilir lane, and thofe two were none of the olilriK
They, theirlore, grew very une*ly i talked much ol r
turning to EugUmd; and, at laA, gave mc fo much D:
c^uiet, that I began to doubt PtriMmtu(j was no lit Vh.:
for me to trurt myfelf in, becaufe, as the Ship mu(> ride 1* 1
or three Leagues from tlic Town, and not under ?hf
Command cf any Foit, they might eafily, in cafe ot iry
g<<ing on (hore, luve cut or llipt their Cables, and hav-
run away with the Ship. Alter mature Deliberation, th;r
tore, I altered my Courfe, and flood •way lor the Bay 1
/ill Seinli, ami arrived before the I'Uce on Martb i ■ x'\
anchoreil in the Fort very lafely. Babia dt ttdet l»s Smk
as the Pcringiif/e call it, or Ttt Bty »f M Sums, liti .
the I Altitude of i ]' .South, has the Convenietwy I'l aver,
gixxl llarlxMir, fecured and commanded by three (rvrni
Forts. The Pia*e itlelf confifts of about aooj Moul .
moft of which arc lud trom the Ships in the \ larboiir , ^
thole tlut are Icen, being intermixed with Trees, irtor I .
very picafant and dclighilul Prolpeit. Iherc are, i 1 ; •
Town, thirteen Churclies, Chajicls, and Convents, Ivi ' •
one Nunnery, i«a. tlic EttUJia msjtr, or Cathrdul, '■'■'-
Jeluits College, which are the chief, and both m Sight trtc
the Harbour i Si. .Ulonio, Sta. Barbara, both Pani!
iliiirthc?, the /•rfl»i»;i.m(.liiirc]i, ami \\\c DstnintC'-,^^^'-

Ift

Chap. I. dipt (tin William D a m p i e r.

i f«D Conycnti vfCarmtfii/i i a t hapd for S, «nicn dole liy
tke .S«4-fulr, •luri Hutioinmonly linil, ami chi'Si«iiun
fD iini*««lntt1y to Prayrri i anotlu r Cha|)cl Un \k*w I'co-
plr, « «he I'arUicr Kiul of the lame . Street, which rui » aNitifi;
by the Shore i ami a tliir»l t-Kajt^l lor Soklicn at ihf ImIhc
, ol the Ti)wn, remote Irom the Sea \ anil an I loCpital in ihr
Middle ol the I own. The Nunnery Harnli at the outer
EdK'* "• '^'' ' •'*" "♦** *''^ Kiekli. wherein, as I wa» tolil,
ian feventy Num. Mere live', an Arihbiftiop, who lui a
[line Faliie in the I'own, ami the Ciovenior'i Palace i» a
fine Stone IkiiklinK. «nu !'>••'«« hanillome to the Sta, tho*
I but imlilVirrntly lurnifheil wuhin v Ixiih SNim/b antt fer-
lugneff, in their i'limation* abroad, ai I have grncraily
obttrv.d, affiftinK to have large Moulci, btitarc httleiu-
jrioiii .ihout Fumitvirr, except Ibme '>} them witli rclpe^t
[to Phflurri. The I loiilei of the I'own arc two or three
\stonn high, the Wall tliitk ami Urong, betnR built with
I Stone, and a Covrrinp ol Pantile, and ni«t>y of ihrm have
IBakonif 1. The prtii<ii)al Strecti arc lar^e, and all ol thrm
i/td or pitihed with I'm-ill Stones. 'I here .ircallo Paradei
J the moll emimnf I'UcJ of the Town, and many (Jar-
_ rni, as well within the Town, a» in the Out nan i ol it,
Iwhcrcm arc Fruit-nee^, Herbs, SalladinRS and llowirj,
great Variety, but ordered with no great Care nor Art.
The Governor, who refidr r. here, is tailed Den John dt
\.tmnflrio, being delrcndeil, ai thry lay, from oin- t'nj^hjh
' tmajitr Family, and hr has a Refpedl for our Nation
I that Account, calling them his Countrymen : I waited
I him leveral timts, and always found hmi very courteous
id civil. Here art- about 4.00 .Soldien in CiariUjn \ they
Bmmonly draw up, and cxcrcile in a large Parade be'ore
he (iovrrnor's Ifotile, and mai.y of them attend hini
rhin lie pors abroad. The Soldiers arc decently clad in
uwn l.inen, which, in thcfe hot Countries is far better
an \N ot)llen ; but I never law any clad in l-inen, but only
heli-. Befides the Soldiers it\ I'ay, he can foon have fome
Ihoufanvis of Men in Arms Ujwn Uccafion. The Ma-
iinc is (HI the Skirts ol the Town, on a Iball Riling
ttween the Nunnery an I tli ■ Soldiers Church i it is big
nmij^h to hokl 2 or u>oo Birrcls of Powder, but I was
»kl, it Ickioni had nujre than 100 in it, Ibmetimes but
ightv i then: are .ilways ;i Company nt Soldiers tof,uanl it,
ltd CVntinels looking out both Day ami Night. A great
^y Merthaiirs always relide at Buhiu , tor 'tis a Place of
Mt Traile. 1 found here al»ve tliirty great Ships from
urepe, with two of the Kinj;of Pffr/B^a/'s Ships of War
tiieir Convoy, befides two Ships that traded to Jfrica
nlv, either to /iHgoln, Gambia, or other Places on thcCoail
F (iumty ; and abun<ta:icc of Small<raft, that only run to
fro on this Coaft, carrying Commodities from one Port
' Bra/i! to another. The Mcrclunts, that live here, are
to be rich, and to have many Negro Slaves in their
Dufcs, both of Men ami Women. They are chiefly Por-
lutfe. Foreigners having but little Commerce with them;
here was one Mr. Ceck, an Englijb Merchant, a very
ril (lentleman, and of a good Repute. He had a Patent
ibc our Engtijh Conful \ but diel not care to take upon him
public CharacV r, becaufe Englifb Ships feldom come
her, ht re having been none in eleven or twelve Years
fore this Time. Here was alfo a Dtnifl) and a Vremb
erehant, or two, but all have their Effeifls tranfported
\ and from Europe in Puriuguefe Ships, none of any other
Vtion being aelmitted to traeic hither. There is a CuUom-
ufe by the Sea fide, where all Goods imported or ex-
ited are entered i and, to prevent Abufes, there trc five
[fix Boats, that take their 'iurns to row about the Har-
. llarthing .my Boats they fufpcft to be running GooeU.
be chief Commoelitirs, tlut the Europtan Ships bring
" cr, arc I ,inen Cloths both coarfe anel line, fome Wool-
I, alio Bays, Serges, Perpetuanas, (Jc. Mats, Stockings
'Silk and Thread, Bili^uet-brcad, Wheat, Flour, Wine,
tfly Pari) Oil-olive, Butter, Cheefe, tfc. and fait Beef
Pork woulel be gooel Commodities there. They
[ hither all<i Iron, anel all manner of Iron Tools, Pewter
Bcis of all Ibrts, as Dilhcs, Plates, Spoons, i^c. Looking-
Tes, Beads, and ether Toys 4 and the Ships that touch
%t. [ago bring thence, as I laid. Cotton, which is aftcr-
is fent to /Ingala. The Europtan Ships carry from
cc Sugot, Tobacco, cither m KuU c>r Snuff, never in

I.eavei, that I know ol. Thell? arc the lla|.FL CommrKn-
tin, bcfulei whieh, there are l)yr w<kkIi, .»s I ulhv, (Ji,
with VVo«xU for either IJlirs, a> Ijirckleil Wooil, Hrafil, Wr.
Tluy alio earry hon>r r.\w llide<i, Tdlow, Train oil of
Whales, idi. I l.ro are alio kept tain • Monki ys. Parrot',
Partridges, (iff , wl ^tli (h« Seamen c.vry home. ThcSu^ar
ol tins Country is nH,< h better than th.u whii h we hrinj^
home from tnir Plantaiiom \ for all the Sugar, that ih ni,»<lir
here, is elaycd, which makes it whiter and hner thin our
Mulcovaelu, a* wc call our unrefined Sugu*. Oir Planters
fe Idom refine any with Clay, unlets Ibmctimcs a Ritlc to fend
home as Prcicnts lor their Friemli \,\ England. Theit
Way ofeloing it here is, by taking lorn.- ot the whiteftClay,
anil mixing it with Water, till it dc like Cream : With this
tluy till up the I'ans of Sugar, that arc funk two or thre;
Inclu s below the Brini, by draining the Mclafl'cs out of ir,
firlt K raping olf the tliin hard Crull ot the Sugar, th.it lies
at the I'up, iw\ woukl hinder the Water ot the CLv Uoni
lexiking tiirough the Sugar of tlic Pan. The Rchning is
maile by this IVrtolatu/n lor ten or twelve Day* Tune, ilut
the tlayilh Liquor lies Ibaking down the Pan : I'he White
Water whitens the Sui^.ir .is it pallcs through it, and the
grols Boily ot the Clay ^jrows hard at the Top, and may bj
taken off at I'lealure, when iLraptng otF with a Knite the
very upper Part of tlm Sugar, which will be a little lullied,
that which is undirneath, will Ik- white almoll to the Bot-
tom ; and luch as is called Brafil Sugar is thus wliit-:ncd.
When I was there, this Sugar was foKl tor fifty Shillings prr
i lundred, and the Hottoiiii ot the Pots, which is very coaric
Sugar, lor alxjut twenty Siiilhngs per f lumheil, bfjth Sorti
being then Icarce ; for here was not enough to l.iele the Ships
ami tlierr fore lome of them were to lie here till tiic next Sea-
Ibn. The Europenit Ships commonly arrive here in Feint'
ary or Mur(h; and they have grnerally tjuick P.ilVges,
I'liieling, at that Time of the Year, bulk Gaits to biing
them to the lane, little Trouble then in croilir.'j; it, and
briflt North Northeall Winds afttrwanls to bring them
hithtT. They commonly return from hence about the latrvr
Ljiil of Afojr, or in '/une. It was laid, when I was here,
that tlir Shi^js woulel fail Afjy 20. and tlurtforr they were
all very buly, Ibme in taking in their Goods, others iil
cirecning and making thcml'elves reoely. The Sliij: , that
come hither commonly careen at their firft Coming, here
being a Hulk belonging to the King for that Purpole. Tliii
1 lulk is uniler the Charge of the Superintendant I Ipoke of,
who has a certain Sum of Money for every Ship that '.areetis
by hcj-. 1 le alio provides Firing, and other Ntccflfaries lor
that Purpofe > and the Ships commonly hire of the Mer-
chants here each two Cables to moor by all the Time they
lie here, and fo lave their own Flemptn Cables i for thclb
are maele of a fort of Vegetable String, fpringing from the
Top of a Tree, and in its Subllance rel(;inbling Hair, which
is very llrong and lalling. There is a great Trade car-
ried on here of dift'crcnt Kinds 1 but partidJal-ly a fort of
Wha!efilhing. Thefe Crcatuies are but ImAll ; but, as they
come in great Numbers, the killing of them turns to good
Account, as may appear from the Profit arifingby the Royal
Licences, which bring thirty thoufand Dollars annu.illy to
the King of Portugal. The Inhabitants of this City are,
generally ijieaking, rich, or at leaft in very gix>d Circum-
ftannes ■, lo that few or none of them want their Negra
Slaves for all domellic Ufes, by whom alio they arj carried,
when they go abroad, in a kind of Hammocks, where tlijy
lie ur fit at their Eafe, either covered with a Curtain, or
expofed, as they think proper. Befides this Port or Bay
of //'// Saints, there are two Hailxjurs much frequented in
Brafil, viz. Ptrnambuca or Ftrmmibuca, wl Rio Janeiro \
and, liefidcs thefe, there is a Town and Haven caileel
St. Paul's, near which they gather much Gold 1 but the
People arc laid to be a fort of Banditti, without Laws,
Order or Government ; But, however, as they have a great
deal ot Money, they are very well furiiilhed with European
Commodities. Ineleed Money is everywhere plenty in this
Country finer the Difcovery of the Gold \lines ; wiiich
nuill increafe the Regret of the Dutch, who were once
Mailers of the bell Part of Brafil,

7. The Country about the City of Bahia ite todos los San-
tos is flat, neiil.jr very high, nor exccflive low, fiifficicntly
watered with Rivets and Rivukts. The Soil is, g..*ner.nily

Ipeakiiig,

» ly^i*-^ I

v^ V

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, .1 '",

:V.

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4'.

'my,

«*fr-

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in--. [

, 1

ii6

Ihc VOYAGES oj

l^ookJ.

V^'

^JM

fjx-aking, ]Tftty f^orxl; and when cultivato', prodr.crs hc-
liilts otlicr Vcgt tables, J^uj^at caiics. Cotton, Indiro, To-
b.>«o, Maiz, .iiul I'luit trcfs, m alio fome other Irrci pc-
cvilur to this Country •, as the Sapxra, Vfriiiiaiico, Conia-
ftciu, llrittfba, vScrrii, three Sorts ol Manj'rovc tvtfs, nml
as niaijy Sorts ot Ct)tton-trv't?, both wild and planted.
'Ihiy have alJb a tort of a Iwrtani Cocoa-nirt tree, not near
fo big as the common ones in the F.a/i or fCfji Indies. The
Kernel is fwict, but hanl. At the Pop ot tlieic Cocoa-
trees glows a black Thrrod, like Horlihair, but longer, ot
wliicii they n.akc Cables, that are more Icrviceabic and iatt-
ing, tlun thole made ot Hcn^p. The reft of their Fniits
are Oranges ot Itvcral Sorts, cl'iiccially Ctitia Oranges,
Lmics, i'omgraiiates, Pcmtitions, Plantains, Bananu,
right Cocoa-nuts, Guavas, Cocoa-plums, wild Grapes, (bc-
fuics Europeait Gnyxi) Hog plums, CuHard-appics, Sour-
lops Callicws, l'i|»hs, Jeiinipahs, Manthinel-appks, and
Maiigocs, (tho* thrfc !a(l are but rare as yet) Aniahs, Me-
rualalis, Fotangors, t?r. (Fruits nor to be teen in other
Coiiiitncsj Fctumbos, Mungarcos, Mackifhaws, Inguis,
Otfc, Mufttran de Ova<, I'alm IxrnM, I'hyftc-nuLS Calv
L.igr-trcs, Lfc. They have alii) alnmdance of Ciround-
iru t i luch as Ca! av.inccs. Pine-apple! , Pompions, Water-
melon?, Mutk-mc'ons, CurunibiTs ; of iams, I'ota-
tocs, Callav.is j of Gardcn-herlw, Calilugcs, Turnrps,
Onions, Leeks, arid all ft rts of SaUaiiitig, 1 hey have grrat
Picnty and Variety of wild Powl -, viz. Yaminas, Mat caw?,
(a large Sort of Parrots) common Parrots, Flatningors,
Carric>n-crow s,C hattcrirg-<row5,C"ot"kco' s,iiitn>us-rolnured
BiilbirJs, Corrcli"oc5, 'Ii'-rtlc-dovcs, Pigeons, Jaiuietees,
Clockii.g-hen<, Crabcatchcrr, C'urrccofs, Mujtivy Hucks,
common Duvkv, Widgeons. leal. Curlew?, Menot war-
bins, U<^obie5, Noddies, Pelicans, Ui. Ihe thief if their
umt- Fowl arc Ducks, and otiu r IXmghil I-owl. Ot thcfe
the y h.ivc- two Sort5, one ot the f^me Sizir with oun, and
ai'.ot.icr larger, which arc fold at a dear Kate here. Their
i^idanmali arc, Hortis, Black Cattle, Shcqi, Goats,
Coneys, Hogs, Irojiards, 1 yg.-is, Monkeys, Penary, 'a
foiKl wiU! J logs/ Armadillos, Allig;uors,(iuaiioes, I .izanis,
Scrp.ntJ, Frog-, and a fort of amphibious Creauirc callal
Ou^ra Je .l^ua by tiic I'eriui^iujt, and Watcr-doi;* by the
Englijh, U>m tiieir RcUmblarKc to a (hag^y Maihi1-<iog,
W!tn tour Ihort L.egs. Ihcy hare- ivrc alio tho .'hnphi.h^ita.,
or iuo-)icadni Snake, ot a grey Colour, with blatk Siiraks.
Its bjtt IS rrckoneii iiKurablc : The \xi\ u, that it (chioni
T/oumis. 1 laving two Specks in the Mead, inltead ot Fyes,
fj:Tie )iy it u altoftthcr blind, and hvcs under giourKl like
i Mok- Its Lfngth is abuut fourteen Inclic?, with an
J If ail at -ach Ktid \ whence the PoriugMfii call ic Cabra dt
dm CAi-affd, (. c. 'Ibt Swh with two hr>tJj , but I nt vr r
law OIK- ol thclc Tnc Sea hcrralo.its alToni!. Parpeint,
Muii.fs Groopcrs, Snocks, Gai-tiili, GoraiUs, Hammas,
Co^uiiKia», C'av»llies, l)ogti!li, Herrings, Scnxo, Okodc
Uoy, Wlules, Lobi'crs, Crayiifti, Shrimps, Cralis, cum-
in<j:i (jyllv-rs Conchs, Wiiks, C■^ckit^, Muflcis, IVii-
»i;.klt5, am! thice Sorts ot S.:a-t<irtoiks, viz. r'lc I lawkf-
biil, Ix>»;g< ritcatl, am! green I'ortoiic. The tiul u the
n.otl ciUtiiied, Its Shell Lx-mg ti*e moll bcautitui, .iml dicre-
fore fyki Very ixar, and a a viry conlidrrable Commoiiity.

8. Jfnl ^. \!\ th': Morning, \vc lai..d troin this Har-
Ujui i a/id,a'. twcivco'CliKk, CajJC SaiiaJore ixn" North,
liiilant fix Iz-agiics. i iic zriii, wi- came in the latittHJc
of tlie //M^'.'ff Siualrs, v:z. m iS" ami 19' .'Hwtli l^tirudr.
Aiaj J. at 2(f our mcruliui Killar..x froni Caix- SaJiadcre
was ; {4 Miles, the \'ari^ti.in 7'. flu: 1 2th, heinu in j 1 "
10 S(;u'.!i Latiiud'.-, wc !>f gan to have W eit S\ jnds > I it
nut with nothing <,1 Moment, except a dad \Vtial<-, thr
Careaic wherK^t wa"; intirely covered wit!» Biriii ot divrrs
Sorts, a, Pinta'.y-birds, Siicarwatrn, Prtrcls, l^c. \Vc
faw a.fo auuiKlnfi't ol Sca-wcrxis in vr 3*' South l.aiit\Kie,
n ar th': Metidiai of the Kle 'frijutn d'.inniM, as laiti
down by tlu5 PartHgtufe. June i. I liw a large black
Jowl, with a wiutc liat Bii!, whi<h ii l.;i>iiKv i tu Hy above
th ny laai^i.^i Irom tlu- Cape ot Heed Ikpi , wlttrca'', ac-
conimg to my Account, wc wcte nuKsy leaj-jUc lidin
thri.cv i but ((AJ'i ali.r li.iimi, I was niA above twenty-five
leagues (rom tlii Cape. 'June x, tlccring to iImt I'.ilf, wc
I'lW d S.t;!, wlmh proved t.'ie .tnuUjecK I cnJitt, lonunp;
tiic V*.y Lttorc ItvDi tli. Cape. • \Vc ki[.t Cwniany uU

the next Day, wlirn they (leered for the Eeft J/:dus,;iia]
for the Coalf of Nnv llollmd, lying North Nortli-tall Ircni
the Cape. We dnl not lolir Sight ot one mother till 'fur.ei)
The 7th, it was very lempcftuous Weather, and the \\ ir^
continued pretty high till the 1 6th,and ir.odcrate till the jr.tb
the Winii troni Weft North-weft to South by Weft, wj^'
wc had run 600 Leagues, and were in 34° 17' .Sontli \.i\\
tulc, and 59* 24' Longitude Kaft trcm the CajT. yi^
Winds continued at North-rail by l;aift till the z^th, n,,
altcrwards lief ween North North-weft and Scutli South w-i-
till the 4th of July\ m which Space we failed jh^ M,i„
All whkh time wc met with nothing of Remark, ex,, •
tome Birds ami Whales, efprtially as we came ncurr •,!
the Shore, About ninety L.eagiies from the Land, wc br«v
to fee Sea-wreils, and, about thiny Leagues diftanr, i, -
Skuttfc-boncs floating on the Water. Juiy 25. Ivn.j
26° 14 South latitude, and 85° 51' longitude K.ilt ;t, p
the Cape oidoffd Ilipe, we liiw more Sea-weed, hkt M,
The 28th, the tiime increalcd upon ns; and, the ',1
wc law Skuttlc-bones, Ikinetoes, and Skip-jack';, a I 1
eight Inches long, not iiniikc a Roch. i'he 3otli, vt, „,.
more Skuttlc-boiKS and Seaweeds, and a fort of fowls «
hael not tern before, of a grey Colour, with red Iharp Biii<,
but, forthcrctf, mx unhke Ijpwings.

9. yfujpiji 2. we fttKxl in towards the I. and, to !rv k ' •
an Harbour to rcfrcfh ourfelves, alter a Voyage ol n,
from Brajil. Wc law an Opening in 26'' Soutli la'r
but, limling notliing but Rocks and foul Ground, wi- ' .
off again the id. The 4th, we liad 60" 56', and ilr.
lathoni Water; and, the 3th, law Land again, ten 1 ,(ar
dirt.tnt, in 25^ 30' S<.uth Latitude. The 6th, wr i.,v,
0[>ening in the Lami, in which wc anchored in two ■
thorn and an half of Water, ^uguj} 7. I called tiir .\!
ol this Sound Shirks Ray, lying in 25° South I..i"
and, according to our Reckoning, in Sy' LongituJr I
trom the Cajx- of Cf':W ///"/v, which is Id's by igj; 1 > j;;.-
than IS laid tiown m the common Draughts. The i .;-
pretty l.igh, !iut tli; Shore fteep to the Sea. The M . ,
IS Saiui by the St a \Vw, protliiciiig a Ijrge liiit ot .'< in^ -
which bca;s 3 white Flower. Farther in, the MouKi 1 -
difh, m:.\ed with a fort of Sand, producing Ibm'.
Plants, .uid Shrubs. The CJrals grows in great 1 ',.! ,
big a.s a Bufliel, herr-.ind-thcre a I'ufr, Ixi.ig intn r v:
with a great deal <.f Heatli, miuh of the kind w h"?
growing on our Commons in Kn^lcnid. Of Tiw^ r:
Shrubs licre are divers Sorts j Uir none above tr" 1^-^
high, tiuir BothiTS alxjut thice Feet rf>und, and tn • 1 >
Feet high before y<iu vonif to the Branches, wh; ;
bulhy, and compofeil of fmall Twigs there, \\v >.
abroad, '!«>' thick-lit, and full oti, caves, wtiich wrrr •
bng and narrow. I'he Colour of the Leaves v/.is on
whitilh, and on the other green •, and the Bark ot ili- I
was genetally of the lame Cok)ur with the I.cavi<.
pale linen. .Some of tlicfe Trees were fwcct-lWii; .'.
rcddiflj within the Haik, like .Saflafr.i':, luitdarkt;. ''
ot the 1 ices and Shnihs ha.l, at this tim«-, eithe' H'' '
or Berries on tiKm. '1 he BlolVoiiis of the diHcren' V '
Trees arc of diVcrs Co.'ouis, as red» white, yoUi w
but mollly blue ; and thefe fnv It verj- fw^rt uu! 11.1"'^
as did .Jio fome of the reft. There were, i 'h! -, 1
Plants, Herb', and tall Fkiwers, liime very Itnul • "^
growling <A\ the Ground, that wer-- Iweer a.-nl i<- '
.iml, tor the moll \\ut, unhke any I hael feen <li w ■
TIjcrr were fnit l( w I jnd-ltiwls ; 1 faw rone, Ixit Y ■
of the larger Sort of ttnls, but live or fix Sen* >)* '
Birds, riic largeft .'>o»t ol theie were nn lig^'tr »ha', I '
fome no bigger ttan Wren«, all finging, with i"< ''
nety ol line Ihrill Nott? ; und we taw fome rl'tirr ^
with Ymmg-ones m thtm. The Witer-f'iwls are, 1" ■
(whkh hi't Young-«n«<«, thii bring the Beginnjt r^ '
Sprir>g in tivoie Panii) Curlewi, Gald'-n*, CrsK "'
CortTM/MiH, G'liIIs, Ptlicai'.s, f.ml fome Water tt.w),
as I liavc not fern any-where ferules. T'le l.am!-:i''
that w<- liiw herr, wcrr cnly a f'irt of Macfjon', ■'•' >"
trom tiK>lr in tiic M't-fl Indies, tlucfly as tw their L'-^.'-T
which they jump, as the reft of their Sj^rivt da. »i>i ■'
like them, vay gWHl Mi-.it , and a foit of Guii'- . '
differing fio-n th' in in li-ni- r'-irai.kai'k Partieu'." ■ _
ihclo h.kl a lai^cr and n.orc higlitfiil He.-ul, aiJ ^ - ' fM

, • I J '■"

l^ookJ.

the Eafi India, arci ;

NforthNortli-talUrcn,
one another till '/(irfjj

eathcr, and the \\ V,!

tr.oticiatc till the ir.tli,

South by \\t[\, wl^'
in 34" 17' South I.jt,
Ircm the Cap. ly
■!all till the 27th, mm
tand Soutli South wt!-

wc fiiilcd 7Si Mile
g of Remark, cxct.-.
IS wp came noirr tu
im the l^n>l, wcbrer
Leagues clillant, ft^m
r. Juiy 25. Ixing .,
;' Ijongitiidc Kaft tn.itj
e Sra-we«), like Mi'
n lis 1 aiKl, the V)(:
I Skip- jack's, a Ijii,
'i'hc 30th, W( 1.,!.
and a fort ct lowls «•
with rci! ftiarj) Bii^,

i the land, to Irvk' ■
iter A Voyage ol n;
1 26"" Soutli la'r

fou! Ground, wc ;'
1 60° 56', andi lt\ •
and again, ten l,a:i;',
The 6th, wc Uia
« anchored in two \i-

7. I called tiu'Msc.ii

1:;° South ljt:!';>

in 87' Longit'.idc \.-

is Id's by 191; I .i:
raughts. 'I'lie i.;:

the Sea. The M,..
I large liiit nf Sinv-'-,
rr in, the MmiKl 1 •
prcxlucing Ibrr-' '. :
rows in great I '.i; .
I'utt, Ix-ing intrr:r ..•:
h of the kind w . "■
iglaiiJ. Of Trci- .
t nnnf above H' 1
: round, and fn. 1
le Bromiies, wh- .
'wigs there, ijv ;
aves, which wri - •
he l,eave< was t,v,
mI the Bark ot t;-

with fhc l.(.ivi.',
were fwect-lW:: '.
fras but dark( '
lii tinv-, eithe- H' '
(>f thf diHcrcn' "^
rd, white, yilli w
/try fw<,-et uu! lii'
KTc wtfe, i- ihI '.
«>mc vfxy (wjil I"
ere fwrrf ami 1''
(y I hj<l ftcii '! ■
I faw rone, h' ^
ivr or fix Son* ■'
rr no I (f^'tr jIm !
ringing, with ;"' [
faw fome of ii'" *

<g chf fVgmrr' "
Gak'-i', Cc.i •
fomr Water •' '•■'■
n. Tite l-m'
of Mac»Tf>or', •'
ily as tu their I . r .
lejr SjK-'ivtd'.j. •^''
i a foit of »'ii:.ii'.-
Ulkai'lr FurtJLul,!'
'itinl He.-tt!. a:^] ^

Chap.

///riHttar >.M»-/ . /«•'/

^/{^rm f\.'/e t /ti^itJ* ^n £ ( V-xWy. \ Ttv (Juit,

^4*t > f*^ v ^ i'i 4t f%U» n*^ *BV^^M^ I -y^

t rtJi* • '*'^ ffHjtrr

/■^- ^'^ /»««' A'-Vv M» ^n^

. /><<• /i*y rt/M*/ . *-uU <t /yX*

iAitij Inm**'*

as lik<; a
lurp Kniie
Itavl ...
tiiih were
as alio fir.i
ot the
humb, fm;
t above ha
:unk txtrci
id the S!:
y Mtti, .11
fit, but thi
20. Wr
tguft 7
'e learthcd
• g<)t Ibme
; towards i
the Bay 1
aft ; and,
.1 Hood tar
.i(t I vc to thi
g but (lioal
th<- Weft
:his Bay m tf
•;t!i, wc \v
he 1 7(1;
ante o| \Vi
fth, ill 2 (
w :iliuiK!an
!l.1|)e,. At
and appea
tague-, trii
.11 Iflc, Ox 1
luiioiiiided
"hich, in al
Ing from N(
," Tar as Shark.
"-'^^hvards A'w
Numb.

lnil

Chap. I.

Captain WilliAxM DampiRR.

117

I Tail ; and, at tlie Rump, where a Tail niould have been
[placed, there appeared Ibmething rcfembling an Head j but
jwithou't Mouth or Ev«. Their Legs alfo differed from
i other Creatures of the fame Kind, by their appearing to be
Ifo made, as to carry the Body either way -, which, with
[the Particular before-mentioned, might make a common
[Spei-^ator apprehend tliis Creature had two Heads. They
[were fpcckled black and yellow, like Toads; and had Scales
Ion their Backs, like Crocodiles. They are very (low in
'Motion ; and, when a Man comes nigh them, they will
ft.iiKl fttxk-lliil, and hifs, without cndcavoun.ng to get
[aw.iy 1 and tiie Body, when opened, hath a very unfavcury
[Siiifll. 1 never f.iw fuch ugly Creatures any-where, but
[htrc. The Guanas, in other I'arts, I have obfcrved to be
fvciy good Meat, and have often pat of them with great
;S.!: fiftion i but tho' 1 have eaten of Snakes, C'KKOililcs,
tarul Alligators, yet, I believe, the quickell Senic of Hun-
Lger would not have tempted me to taftc the Ciuana oi Nnv
lUoHand. The Sea-fifh we law here, (for there 'is no
jFrelh-water of any kind to be feen) are chielly Sharks.
£ There are abundance of them in this Sound •, which was the
Icalbtt I called it Sharks Ray. There were alfo Skates,
"hornlucks, and other I-'ilh of the Prey-kind, (one Sort
tfperully like the Sea-devil) and Guardfifli, Bonatos, ts'i .
)f Shfll-fifh we got .\\\'o there Muflels, Periwinkles, Lim-
ts Oyllers, Iwth of the Pearl-kind, and of fiicii as were
fcatable, belides Coikles, i^c. The Sliorc was lined thick
itii many other Sorts of very ftrange and beautiful Shells,
if Variety of Colour and Shape, moft finely fpottcd with
d, yellow, Uc. fudi as I have not feen any-where, but ac
lis Place. I brought away a great many of them j but
lit all, except a very few, and thofe not of the bell,
here are alfo fomc f^reen Turtles, weighing about 200 //'.
j thefe we caught two, which the Water ebbing had
ft behind a I.edge ot Rocks, which they could not cr,-ep
cr. Thefe fervcd all my Company two Days, and tiity
c indifferent Iweet Meat. Ot the Sliarks we caught a
;at many, which our Men eat very lavourily. Among
icfe wc caught one, that was eleven Feet long. The Space
tween its two Eyes was twenty Inches, and cigiuecn
nches from one Corn( r of its Mouth to the other. Its Maw
.u like a Leather-lack, very tliicK, and fo tough, that a
.arp Kniie couUl fcarcc cut it ; in which we iuund the
lead ....d Bot'.es of an Hippopotamus, the hairy Lips ot
hich were ftiU found, and not putrefied v and the Jaw
d& alto firm, out ot wiiicii we plucked a great many Teeth,
of them eight Inches long, and as big as a Mai;'s
humb, fmall at one End, and a little crooked -, the reft
lot above half fo long. The Maw was full of Jelly, which
";unk extremely 1 however, I laved tor awhile the Teeth,
d the Shark's Jaw. The !• ielh of it was divided among
ly Men, and they took tare tliat no Waftc Ihould bt: made
fit, but thought it, as tilings ftootl, good Entertainment,
lo. Wc anchored at three feveral Places in this Bay •,
higujl 7. at the Weft Side. Mere we ftaid till the loth.
^Ve learchcd for frefti Water 1 but tbund none : However,
• got fome W oui for Fuel. The 1 ith, we ftecred farther
; towards Alteriuwn (aw the Land, that makes the South
the Bay ; but, meenng wiili ShoJes, I ftecred away to the
and, the i 2tii, palled tiic North Point of the LaiAJ,
id (lood farther into the Bay, to fee wiiat i^and we coMJd
ferve to the Eaft, which We faw right a-liead -, but, hav-
ig but llioal Water, I nude the belt of my way to return
to the Weft I'litrance. Plie i4ih, I tailed again out ot
his Bay to the North-eaft, coafting along the Shore. 'I'hc
5th, we were in 24* 41'; and, the 16th, at 23' 22'
he 17th, we law Land again, i'lie i8th, we law abun-
;4nce ui Whales near a ihual Point, in 22' 22' ; and, the
9th, ill 21' 42'; the 2otli, at 19' •57'. 1 he 21ft, we
w abundance of So.i-lhjkes, of two different Sorts and
li.ipe.s. At Noon, bearing in Souih-eaft by Eaft, the
aiul appeared like a Cape ; b; :, anchoring about five
.eaguei troiii the lHufffoail, it proved the Eaft End of
n I(le, f'X Leagues in Length, and one in Breadth, being
nounded on all Sides witti many other Ihiall rocky Ilks,
liich, in all Appearance, arc a Range of Iflands, llrctch-
^ K from North North-eaft to Weft South-weft, perhaps as
^fai as Sharks Buy, and nine or ten I.,eagues in Breadth lo-
■ ards Nrw Holland. The Tides I met with 4 httic while
Numb. IX.

after gave me a Sufjiicion, that there might be a kind of
Archipelago of Illes, and a Paflage to the South of New
Holland and Arw Guimy into the great South Sea Eaftward »
but, being in want of Water, I would not attempt the
Difcovcry of it. This Place is in 20'' 21' ; whereas TVi/-
man, in his Draught, has laid it down in 19' 50', and has
reprcfented the Land as joining in one Ridge to the Conti-
nent. We went artiore in the Iflc of Bluff-point, where wc
founil two or three Shrubs, one like Rofemary ; whence I
called it Rofematy IJle ; and two Sorts of Grain, like Beans,
one growing on Bufties, the other on a kind of creeping
Vine. We faw ;illb fome Cormorants, GuUs, Crabcatchers,
Uc. as aIfoLimpits,Periwinkles,Oyfters,on the Rocks, fome
green Tortcifes, Sharks, and Water- fnakes. The 23d, we
ran out again ; and, tlie 25th, we ftill coalted along. The
27th and 2Sth, we faw no Land; but, the 30th, in 18"
21', made tiie Land, and anchored in eight Fathom Wa-
ter, thirty Leagues from the Shore.

II. /lugujl ^o. being in i8c 21', we made the Land
again, and law many great Smokes near the Shore ; and,
having fair Weather, and moderate Breezes, I ftecred in to-
wards it. At four in the Afternoon, 1 anchored in eight
Fathom Water, clear Sand, about three Leagues and an half
from the Shore. I prefently lent my Boat to found nearer
in, and tlity found ten Fathom about a Mile nearer the
Shore, and, from thence ftill farther in, the Water decreafed
gradually to nine, eight, feven, and, at two Miles Diflance,
to fix Fathom. This Evening, we faw an Edipfe of the
Moon ; but it was abating before the Moon appeared to
us i for the Horizon Wiis very hazy, fo that we could not
lee the Moon, till ftie luid been half an Hour above the
Horizon ; and, at two Hours twenty-two Minutes after
Sun-let, by the Reckoning of our GlafTes, the Eclipfe was
quite gone, which was not of many Digits. The Moon's
Centre wos then 7,-^" 4 high. The ^\i\. betimes in tho
Morning, I sent alhore with ten or e'even Men, to fearch
for Water. We went all of us armed with Mufquets and
Cutlafles for our Defence, expefting to fee People there,
aiKi carried alfo Sl.ov'cls and Pickaxes to dig Wells. When
we came near ciie Shore, we faw three t.Ul, biack, naked
Men on the fi.idy Bay a-head of us ; but, as we rowed in,
they went away. When we were landed, I lent the Boat,
with two Men in her, 10 he a little from tlie Shore at An-
chor, to prevent her being feized, while the reft ot us went
after the three black Men, who were now got up to the Top
of a fmall Hill, about a quarter of a Mile from us, witfi
eight or nine more Men in their Company. They, feeing
us come, ran away. When we came on the 1 c > of the
Hill where they firft ftood, we law a plain Savanna about
half;" Mile from us. Farther in from the Sea, there were
feveral things likeHaycoi ks ftanding in the Savanna, which,
at a Diftancc, we thought were Houfes, looking juft like
the Ilottentct! Houfes at tlie Cape of Good Hope ; but we
found them to be lb many Rocks. W^e f aivhed about thefe
lor Water -, but could find none, nor ly Houfe, nor
People ; for thi'y were all gone. Then ve turned again to
the Place where Wc lan.'ai, and there we dug for Water.
Wlule we were at work, there came nine or ten of the
Native s to a fmall H'li a little Vv'ay from us, and ftooJ
there menacing and threatening us, and making a great
Noile. .'\t laft o;'.e of thein came towards us, and the left
followed at a Dift.uKc. I went out to meet him, and came
within litty Yards ot him, making to him all tlie Signs ol
Pe.ice and Fricndlhip I could ; but then he ran aw.iy, nei-
ther would any of them ftay tor us to come nigh them, tho*
we tried three or lour times. At laft, I took tvvu Men
With me, .md went in the Afternoon akuig Ly the Se.i-lide,
on purpole to c.itch one of them, if I could, of whom I
might learn wi.ere tluy got theii liefti \\ ater. There were
tea or twelve of tiie Natives a little ^^'.ly oft", who, feeing
iistluee going away from the reft ofcirMcn, followcxl us
at a Diftance. I thought they would follow us 1 Li:t, there
being tor awhile a Sandbank between us and them, that
I hey could not then lee us, we made an Halt, and h;d our-
felves in a Bending of the Sand-l aiik. They knew we muft
be thereabouts ; and, being three or fovir unes our Num-
ber, thought to leize us: So they I'.ifpeiled thimlilvis,
tome goinjj to the Sea-lhore, ard othc rs bcitng alout the
Sand-hills. Wc knew, by what Kincounlir we had had
2 H ^'""1*

I' ■•;:1i

.:■■( I

IiS

77;^ V O Y A G E S of

^ook I, ^H Chap.

ilii

" :{

111

^ith tlicm in the Morning, that \vc couW ciifily outrun
than ; To a nimble young M.m, that was with m<; llring
fume of th( m then, ran tow.inls them, and they, for tome
rime, ran away bel'urr him ; l->iit he I'ocn overtaking ihem,
thi • faced a!iom, and fouglit him. He had atutlafs, and
tliry had wooilen I jnas, witli whieh, Ix-int; many of them,
tli(y were too hird tor Inm. When he tir(l ran towanis
them, I chafed two more, that wea- hy the Shore ■, but,
fearing how it m'lyhi be with my young Man, I turned
back quickly, and wei.t up to the 'l\}y of a fandy Hill,
whence I fiw him near m. , i lolely engaged witli them.
I'pon their feeing me, one of them tiinw a Lane, at mi,
which n.arrow!y irilVed mr. I difclutgAl my (»un to fare
them i but avoided (liooting any of thrm, till, finding the
young Man in pr. U l>ingcr, and myfelf in fomr, and that,
tho' the Gun had a little frightmed them at firll, yet they
had fKin Irarnt ro difpilc it, tofFin'; up their ll.inds, and
crying l'c:i>, peob, fcol; and eonii.it, on .afrcfh with agn.it
Noife, I thought it high time to charge .ag.iin, and Ihoi.t
one of tlirm ; which I did. The reft, feeing him lail,
m.ide a .Stand •, and my young Man took the 0|'jx)rtunity
to ilifingage himfelf, and eo'iK- oft' to me. My other M.m
alio W.1S with me, who liad doin- nothing ail this win!. ,
having come out unarmed ; and 1 returntil hick with my
Men, defigning to attempt the Natives no further, Ixing
very forry for wliat liad happrnai already. They t(!ok i:p
il^nr wounded Conipanioh ; and my young Man, uho hid
beeji ftruvk through the Chiek with one ot their I.ances,
was afraid it li.i,". been polfoned -, hit I did not think that
hkrly. His Wound was very paintul to him, being ma>lc
witli a blunt Weaj^ i. -, but he loon recovered ot i:. .Am.ong
the .\rx H»llar.dnSy whom we were thus engagetl with,
there was cnr, who by his .Apjx^jrance and earriagc, a*
well in the Morning, as thi' Aitcmoon, (iremcd to be the
Chief of tiiem, and a kind of I'rincc or Ciptain among
thrm. He w.is ,\ young brifk Man, ct very tall, nor to
perlon.ahlc .is fomr of the rrfV, tho' more at'tivc and tou-
rageou?. He was painteti ^whuh none of th? rcll were at
at ail; with a Circle of white I'tgmenr, a fort of l.ime, as
we thought, af^Hit his Iv/es. and a white Streak down his
Koic, from hi^ lorrhca! to the Tin of it ; and his Bread,
jLid ftHne fart of his Arms wtre alfo made whit, with the
lame P.iini ■, not tor Ik-auty or Onument, one wouLi think •,
bur, as fome wiLI Indian Warriors are fai.! to do, he
fermetl thereby to dcfign the kx)kirg more temblc, this
his i'amting adding very much to his natural Deformity ,
for they all ol them have the nioft unplealint Looks and
the worft leatiires, of any I'ropic I ever law, though I
have "rrtn [rjrfM N'ltiety of Savages. 'I'hclij A'r-t' IhUandm
wrrr probably tiic fame fort of People, as iht-lc I me? with
on thisCoall in my Voyage round the tJfolK ; for the Pi.ue
I th.n tuuched at, w«s rot afiovc forty or tiny I .eague-s
to the Nutth cal^ of this and thcfe victc much the ).ime
blinking ( rraturts ; here b-irg alio abundance ol the lime
kind of FkrOitiies teizing t^.rm, and with the lame bl.ck
Skins, and Ha!r frizzlrS, (all :ii>d thin. i^c. an liiele wer-- ■,
but we had w.x the Ojpumj.-.ity to lie wheiher thcfe, as
llu fotmcr, ttantei) rwo of tlu ir ton- Tefth. We Gw a
gnat many I'larts where t' f y ha.i rruile I ires, and where
I hire Wtre commonly thrte ot tour Boughs lluLk Up to
Windward of thrm; tor the Wind, winch is the Sea-
breeze in rhc Daytime, blows always on. W.iy with them,
an i the Latul lirecie is but fmali. By th ir lirt-places
we always found grrat H'-aiw of Fifh (hells of livrral
Sorts J and 'tis pr<it)«l le, th.tt thefc p<x;r Creatures here
livet! on rhc Shrlihfh, as thofe I defcnixrtl htfore «!id on
fmail lifli, whi. h thry caught in Wires, or Holes \n the
S.inc! at Lo v-water. I hete gathered their Shcll-hfh on
the Rtxks at l,'jw\.itirr, but had no Wites tlut we faw,
wlK-feby to t',et any other ."lori-s ci Fifli, us among the
former, I faw not any Hrap? oi She'ls a< h-re, thewi^'h I
know they alio gaih-reii fome Shell (ifli : 'I he lan-v- alio
ot tJv f; were luth as (he former hati ; howrver, they Iving
\i\y,n m Ifland with T?»cir Worne:i and Children, and ali in
our I'uwer, they did not tlicre ule them againft us, as here
on the t emtineni, where we faw nope but fjmcof tin Mm
a; a Dirtance, whci came out ) '.Tjioti-ly in ohierve u ; . Wr
la>v no Ltoiilrt n cither I'l.ic ; and I Ulieve they hav,-
rone, l-r.i.the former People yn the IfLuid had none,
4

though they hail all tltcir Families with them. ITj on ,;
turning to my Men, I taw that they had dvig cigl.t I,
nine I'Vct deep, yet found no Water : So I r< turned ab-'a;,;
that !■ veiling i and the next D.iv, being Septmln \. \
lent my Boatlw.iin afliore to dig deeper, ami lint tl.e'^'.n
with him to catch lifli. While i ll.iid aboard, I n'll ■, ,|
tiic Flowing of the lido, which runs Viry Iwilt li<r , i)
that our Nun livmy wuuld not licar alx)Ve the Wat.r t'l-
feen. It flows hen-, as on the Part of Nno llcH.m.i \
def< rilx;d formerly, alv)Ut five I'athoin •, and lure llu Tlt-.J
runs South .aft by Suuih till the Kill Oiiait'T; iIkm it : •;
ngnt in tow.iids the Shore, si-huli lies hero .Soutli .S) ; '
Will, and North North-call, anil t!ie Ivlibnins Nurt!; w ;
by North. When flic TidcT flat kcnrd, we fiflKd «,;;,
Hook and Line, as sve hid already done in fcvtral P!
on this Coaft, on wliich, in this \ oyagi- hithetto, w ,
. iiul but liltlc Tiiles ; hut, by the i ltii;hr, .Strriii;'!i,,r i
Courfe ot [Ifni luiealHuit?, it fli'iukl ftem, that it i' •
Iv, tiieh a l'.ill ,c or .Streight going through l'a(l»:i: •;
the ( ire.it Suutli .Sea, as 1 laid one might fiil'iJCi t, on: v . . ;
exjK-i.'t to find the Mouth of it fjniewh.rc b-twe. n ' .
Place and Ropmary F'.and, which was the P.irt ct .'. ,■
Iti'.'.iind 1 came loll Irom.

1 1. If it wtre not for that fort of I'l a'ure v.liith r i. ,
from (he Difcovery even <f the lurnni-lt Spot i.i'),; •
(ilobe, this Coaft of Nm llr.UivU would not have ili.ir-l
me much, '"he Lands here, as wd! as in otlvr I'lrv •
Arc HcIL .jt I h.ive feen, are lij fnucdby aChi, , '
San(f-hills towards the Sea, that there is no Inch I'liin; i
dilceming what lies beyond tlieiri \ at High- water tin 1 : i
rife fo Uir^-iifingly on this daft, that the l.apd a] pi-
very low ; but, at Low-water .igam, itapi^arsof an ii. :.:
fercnt \ Jcight i but then the Shore is to rocky, tli.i: (-.v.
IS no luch thing .as landing svith a Boat •, but at I li;;h-*iirT
a Boat may very eafiiy onic in over all thofe RtKkcj
the 'mdy Bay which lurrounds this Co.ift. The 1.!,
fir atxjut 5 c>r 6 )o Yards fit m the Sea, is of a dryilh 1..' <
Soil, with nothing but a few Shrubs and Bulhis n .,
when I was •.; vrr, fecmod to lie in Bloom, bearing I !l« -
ot leveral Colouis, fuili .as Yellow, Blue, and Wht , ■
a Very fragrant Smeli •, and, as to their Fruit, tlv y I .■ .
be a kind of Pcift < r Bc.ms. larther within I. an', ,
(. ountry fecmed to be low mmS level, partly Savann. , ,
partly Wco,! land : 'Lhe turiner afFunb a coarl. Vv.:
Grals, and th- latter Gn-ves of Trees that are fniai, i
not above twelve or fiijiirteen 1 let h'gh. There .ii
few I j.'id-aiiimals ■, fome Lizards I law, and fonu > ; y
Seamen !.iw two or three Creatures not unhkeW. Iv. ,
but lb lean, ifiat they looked like mere Skc li ton'^. \>
lor Land fowb, there are Crows, Hawks, Kits, .'
Turtledove?, tliat ;ire fmall, but very plump ar..i :
The Sca-fowK are Ptikaiis, IJoobies, Noeldies Cur! ■
.Sea-pies, in great Numl)ers. '1 heiv arc ahi.n.'a-
Whales in th. li- St as, and thoie (if tlie larg-: K r.
We faw alio grdu Lurtle, but there l> ing no pru;.
(. luncl for tlieni, we caug'it none, as having no Pl.i'- '
let a Turtle- net in... We law lt;me Sharks, am! i «•. ;; ,
sxith Hooks and Lines, fome Ko. k-fifti and Oil .s
Of Siie!i-lini, we fcund here Oyfters of the l'(..rl- ... ■
aid lit foi eating -, and W I'ks, MulTeU, Limpiis •''^
winkl's and many otlier Sorts -, and I gathered l^'ni -
rious Shells on the Shore. The Scurvy beginning to ; '
v-\i! amongft iny Men, gave me great I 'nearincl's i d. ^
nl!y, as I h.vi Ke.ifon to apprch' nd, that the Dii' .
wuuld incrcate, rather than di-ninilh, wh !e 1 remain'-.; i. ,
on account of the !»({ .An , arul hraeki'h Water , ai..! '
tore I Irequcntiv lent afhorc to le.uch for frefti wat r lir
fr to dig Wilis, but to no Purpolc : Whenfore I
tiMnmcU to pnxerd in my X'oyage ; and, it i met wt'.
Ktfreftimmt clk-wlieiv, to ; rokcute my Cuuile to :.>
Jdund of ftni'T

1 {. I hail ![w'nt abotlffive Weeks in ri.tgirig o'Tin ' '
th..' Coaft of AWr Ihllandy in Letgth of al.j.it
L( agues 1 awl had jnit in at three (evera! I'Uts t" -
what i!«re might Ik.- tfttrealiouts woith diUo\eriin, a •
ai 'lic fime time, to recruit ii y Stock of frcHi We r ..:
I'rovdions foi th- laJthtr l^itioieries I pu.^-jxi li t
X'm\ii on the Term Ju1r<i.'is. This large, and h ^
alniurt unknown, I ratt of L.in ', li fituaicd fo ve-,.

VatiUtJi: u .

[alter, to win

Chap. I. Captain Wi l l i a m D A m p i i'. r.

Ii<)

Vantagtoiilly, m tlio riclurt Climates of tlie Workl, tiic
'J'orritl ami 'l"cinjxratc Zoiu-s, having in it, cfpccially, all
the Aiivania;.!;*' ot the Toriul Zone, as btiny known tu reach
inin\ the l',i)uatiir itfelF (within a D'-rrce, to the Trope
ot Capiiioni, -mhI beyond it v that in eoaftiii;^ ruiiml it,
whidi I lUlignctl by this V()y;'.ge, if poiiible, I enikl not
: but hope to met t with fume fruitful lands. Continent or
Illaiul, or both, jiroiludivc oi' any of the rieh I'ruiti,
ntMj^';, or Spices, 'n, rhaps Mincr.Js alfo, is*..) that arc in
the other Parts of the Torrid Zone, under equal Parallels
(f Inititu 'c, at hall a Soil and Air cap.ible of fueii, upon
tranlplant.ny them hither, and Cultivation. I meant alio
to nuke as dilig::nt a Siii vey a 1 could of the leveral fmalk r
[ Idaniis, .Shorts, Capes, Bays, Creeks, and I larbours, fir
Us well for Shelter as Dv. fence, iijion fortifying thjm ; and
lot ihc Rocks and Shoks, the Soundings, 'I'iJcs, and Ctir-
[ rents. Wind and Weather V.iriation, iSc. whatever might
\\x bi neliiial fjr Navigation, Trade, or .Satlemeat, or lie
[oi I'fe to jny who Ihould profteiite the fiiiie Dcligns lure-
Uftcr, to whom it might be fe^^^^.•"ab^J to have fu nuieh of
ftlieir Work done to their Hands, which they might .id-
vantc and p.if.el by their own repe.ited l''.xi;erienee,s. As
Sl^therc is no VN'orIi of tins kind brought to I'erfedlion at
once, 1 int nded, efp'cially, to oblerve wliat Inhabitants 1
^nct with, .\ni.\ to tiy to win tliem over to lomtwhit ot
rr.»l]ick, and ufeiul Intercourfe, as there miglit be Coin-
no.lities among any of them that might Ix: tit for Tr.ule
Dr Manufailure, or any found in which they miglit be em-
ployd i though, as to the Nr^ IhHdiuLri hereabouts.
By th" l-'.xperienee I had iiad ot' tin ir Neighbours foinrrly,
' cxpedevi no great iM.ifers tiofiv tli' m. \\'ith fiich \'iews
thcfe 1 let out at firtUn in £h^ /««./; aiiduould, accjrd-
fig to the Method I projMjfed, have gone Wellward tliio'
111.' Mi^/'lliviic Streig!u, or round Tcrni dd I'ucge ratht r,
fhat 1 might have In gun my Difcoveries upon ih.' F.alKin
nd ka(\ known Side of the •7'i;tj /MJiraUs : Bu'. that Way
MS not poUible for me to go, by reafon (f tin: Time of
r m which I came out \ tor 1 inu!l have btcn coinp.ifl-
|ng the South of . !mni,a ui ii very high Latitude, in the
pepth of the Wniter : 1 was thereiore necelTinited to go
"iallwartl, by tiie Cape ol (Jtnl llvpc ; and, wht n I i''iould
[)c p'.'.l 't, twas rfi;ui(ite I Ihould keep in a ptefy high
-itituJe, to ivoi 1 tlu g.i'.eral 'I'r.ide-wiiuls that wuuld b.-
;ainft m.', and to have thelkiicfu ot the variable \\ inds,
J .ill which I w.i: in a manner unavoidably determiiud to
i.\\ in full with tholi: I'or:'- ot AVx HoUand I have hitherto
leii defcribing: Fo", llioidd it be asked, why, at my tirll
liftking '!!,it Shore. J did i.^t calf into tiK Southward, a:ul
pi.it W. y try io gu round to tiie Fall ot .Vrw lUlIanJ,
ind Wric (iuitfy, I coiiU is, I was not tor (])eiuling any
ime more than was r.iell.iry in rlic hij'her Latitud.es, as
I owing that the 1 Jiid thtie could not be lb well W(jith
nif(ov(ry, ;ls the I'aits th.it lay nearer the Line, and
1 iT'.- dirriHIy under the Sun Belides, at the Time when
J :liould come tiiil <''n yew Ih^.'dud, whuhv.as early in
,,t "sj rin|j;, 1 mull, li.;d I thnid F.illwaid, iiave hiui, tor
iiii ;im> , a great deal ot Wintu Wiatlur, increallng in
cv.rity, tnough not in Time, and in a I'lace altogttlier
iiv.nown, which my M:n, who were iifarilcfs enough to
lie Voy.ige at bift, would never have Uirnc, alter to long
i<i;n tVom Brn/i! hither. For thefe Re.il'ons, therefore,
chiife to loatt along to ttie Nvirrliward, and to to the Fall ;
1 It) th'Ji^ght to come (ound ()y tin; South ot T(ii\i
I jfrtilii in my Return l\ick, v, hirh fliouldbe in t!ie Suni-
1 I Sc.ifon thcr. . And this Falliij-e back alio I now
ight I might pollibiy be- aliK l'> ihorten, fhould it ap-
.11', at my g-tting to tlu Fail < oall ot Ncc Guinn,
.i; iheit IS a Chanel diming out .nto thole Seas, as I
■ lufpcttid, rear /^>;,v.;w.7 Iflj-.J, unl'. fsthe higiiTidi;,
i ' great Indr uglit tlice.ilxji.ts, Ihould be ocealioned by
I. IVlouih ol foinc hirge River, wliich hath often Low
iJuls on eat h Suk of if^ Outlet, and many Illanils and
"loll' lying at its Entrance. But I ratiur thought it a
anl, or Streight, th..ri a Ri\er •, aiu! I was afcei vardf
intirnieit intlv. Opii-.jon, wlien, by coatling hr.c Cuivey,
lound, that other I'aris ot th.s great I'racl of lara
hi,'hiili.<, which iiad hitherto been icpicleiued as d'e Shore
if I I'lintmuit, were certainly Idands, and, 'tis probable,
e l.ime with iNVw lle/.'and; ihoinjh, Lv RvaJjiis I flialJ

afterwards IIk w, 1 could not return the Way I propofed to
niyfelf to fix the niKsivery, All iliiu I hul now lecn from
the 27° South Lntiniile, Hi the >.ij\ \'.\ni\i\s i)bai-ks Bay,
aiul ag.iin from tin nee io H/frtUiiiy (iliud', and about zo"
r.atitude, leemii to be nothing but Kanjies of i)retty large
Iikiiuls .igainrt the Sea, wluiiver might be behind them
to thi' lallward, wluihn Sea or Land, tontlnent or
lilan^' ,. It w.u now iiuellaiy foi me to eonfider what Step
t> take next I luul, illlcl niailiie I )( liberation, I rcfulved
to continue ctuUin; ,,iloi\p, the Shme to tl e Nort'n Ealbv.ird,
in orda' to the lunher l)ilio\ii) ot the Country, from a
lull i'eifualion, ih.ii, ai hall, in the L tiiude (>f lu' i--',
I fiiouM ntii iiiifs 1 I I'weit V.'at^r, h.iving be^n there be-
fore, and met with ir by dipuing, 'i iiis Notion was cer-
tainly rtafun.ible in illllf, aial yet Lxpeiience lliewed ic
was l)ut imlilVeuntly |1 iiiiikd \ and a very little Accident
ol this luit becani'' III Colli (|ueme among a Crew re.ady
to lay hoM of any Op[)oittiii!ty to cill their Commander's
Knowledgi in i;uillioii, to m igmly die Dili'cui'.ies of the
Voyage, .ind to louiiienaiue wliaievcr might feem to tup-
port t:ieir own tavourite, though imi ra;1ic.ible, Ucfign of
returning 1 lome,

14. Sudi, 1 111), were my Thoughts if the NLtter -,
when, Si'pl, .•;, it'i.j, I pm to Ssa wiiii a gentle Gale : Yec
wa^Iiiuiikly obliged Io i haisge my Deligii. In a Day's
time I perceived, that llie Shol s upon the Ctjail would
m.'.ke it a very Jillkult, tl not iiiipradicalle. Thing to fail
along the Shore, or lo put in where t might incline to do
it. 1 theiiloiv edged lai tin r till' to .Si.i, and lo deepened
the W.iter tium i h'Ven to tliiriy t\\o 1 athom. Tlie next
Day, king S,'p,',iidir l>, we muld but jull viiliern the
Land, though we had then no more tlian about thirty Fa-
thom uncertain Suiindiimsj lor, even ^'liilr; we were otit
of Sight of Land, we liavl once but leven r'athcm, and
had .illo great and unceiiaiii Titles whirling about, that
made me .ihaid to go mar it Co.ill lb Ihalio^', where wo
might be foon agroiiiul, and yet haw but little Wind to
brinj.; us oil" : Itii IImuKI a Sliijibc nc.ir .t Shole, we might
be hulled upon it univoldably by a Ihong Tide, unlefs
there Ihoulil be a gooti VN'ind to wotklur oil". Thus, alfo,
on the 7th IXiy, we law no Land, though our Water de-
cr^afetl again lo tWviiiy fix 1'. 11 horn •, lor we had deepened
it, as 1 lliid, to ihiriy, 1 hi'. Day v.c law two Vva,.ei-
liiakis, dilieniu in Slupo lioiii Inch as we h.ad ibrmerly
feen i the oiu \V.^^ veiy lin.ill, though Ion,;-, the odur
long, anil as big as u IVlan's L^ g, having a red IL.ad,
whii h I never law any liavcbJoie or finc'. \N'c had this
D.iy i(p' ()■ l.,uiiud,e \\\ ()bitiv„iion: I w.is ly tiiis time,
to the North ol the I'lau I thought t.) have put in at;
and tluHigh I l.iKW, by the I XjUiiiiee 1 had ot it then,
that rheie was a ileip bitir.iiiie in tlntlv r tiom the Fall-
warii, yit, l>y the SlioK 1 I h.i I hitlurto tbund, to tar
flretclietl on ihisC'oall, I w.is.ih aid we Ihould have the fame
Trouble to coall .iloiif; alt. rwanl.. beyond that I'lice ; and,
belides the IXnifur of running .ilmoll eoi-.tinually amongtl
Sholes on a llranp,!' Muir'-, ami whiie the Tules Wire
llror.g .aid hii'.h, I bi|',in to luthiii"-.. inykf, that a gre.it
PaittI my lime mull h.ive Uen fpmt in b.irg about
a Shore I w.is already almoll weary of, wlmh I might em-
ploy with great I r Saiislaelmn to my Mmd, and better
1 [,)pes of StiiAk Is, ill I'.oing lorw.a'd to Ne.j Ciuimy : Add
to this, the paa Hilar Daiiy' r i Ihould h.ive b'lniii upon a
Fee ll'ori-, Uh\: ,ii is here tteliribevl, wlun the Nortit-welt
Monllionlhoul lonci oiue in, f!ie orilinarv S afon of which
was not now l.n' oil', ihouiji tii.s Year it llaid biyond the
comir.oii Seafon i and it tonuti on llorming, at lull, with
'I'oin.idoes, violent tiiills, is\-. Wheiifore, ([uitting the
I'lioiights of puftiiijt in .11 Aitr Jiol!(i>id, I rilblved to lleer
away tor the li!an<l Iinivt^ wh, ic, befules getting t'rclli
W at ; , I mi,;ht piohably i vp CI to be lurnillKd wnli 1 ruit«,
and other KelrilluiMUs, to lecruit my Mm, wiio bigan
to droop, loim- ol thetii liemc; already, to ir.y Uriel, .li-
United with the .Siiiivy, whuh was likely to incnale upon
them, uiul dilable ih ■ n, .uid w.is promoted by the br.iekilh
Wa-.er tluy took in laPl lor boiinig tluii (.Xitnual. ' Iwas
now, alio, {owaids the l.iiu 1 I nd ot tin dry Sealbn, wlien
I miglit not, I rulvibly, li.ive louiid Waier lb plentitully
upon tligi^inif', at that Fan ol S,:v llouund, as when I was
tkrc bstvic : Aiui then, coiil'duinij the 'Fimc aifo that I

luuik

»'i?

i-'d

12.0

The VOYAGES c/

Book I.

m^^ i

mull ncccffarliy fpend in gming into the Shore, through
liich Sholes as I cx]X'deil to meet with, or in going alxjut
to avoid them, or in tliggmg ot" NVclls, when 1 Ihouhl
come thither, 1 might very well hope to get to Timer, and
find frefh \N'ater there, as foon as I could expedl to get it
at A'm" IMand, and witli lefs Trouble and D.,nger. Such
were the Rtafbns, that conduced to my forming a fettled
Kcfolution to bear away immediately tor the btforcmen-
tioncd Ifland, whicli I executed without Delay.

13. It w.ts on Sepimbtr 8. that we failed for Timor,
will re I had heard there were both Dutch and PortygMtjt
SittUment? i but wherealH)uts in the Illand, I knew not i
and therefore it was the fame Thing to me which Side ol
it I made firlK On the 14th, in the Kvcning, I had Sight
of it , Uit it was the 15th before I attempted to land. '1 he
Country appears pleaiant enough to the Eye •, for the
Mountains were coverevl with Wooii, and tlie adjacent
Mia. lows were very rich in Grafs, thougti we could ihf
cover no Sij,ns of Inhabitant: . much Icf-. of liuro^tan Plan-
tations. Th,*, and the Wind's blowingagain from tficSouth-
rail, engaged me to try wlut might be done on tfic Norfh
Side of the illand, where I was lure -j! having fmooth
AVater. and ha.l a IVobabiltty of finding calier Landing ;
for, on rhi' Sic!-- where I was, the Land was io inc uinU-rcd
with Man; ve , t'..t there was no luch thing as getting
aii.or .vitJiout running great Hazards. On the i8th,
ahrnt N'o.)ci, I .I'rered my Courfc, and fleered back to-
v.rds X'.i ?vHri well End of the Ifland. In the Evening,
wc fiw fht '.lund of Rcttt, and anotiiir Ifland ro the South
jii' that , n Ixjth wliich Ifknds wc ditcovcred Smoak in
thi- Da*-' 1. iiic, and Fia-s in the Night. I was aftn wards
into:. ;;,;., that the Perlngutj't luvc Sugar-works upon the
Ifhivi oi ." .' . . but, as I knew nothing of that now, and
the C(tv.ii!y had not a very promrfing AfpcCf, I did not
•tter'ipt am lic:mg tfierr, b.;r flood over again to the Coafl
of 7.%f»r. On the 2ifl, in the Morning, being very near
that 1 laiAd, I taw a very large Oiicning, which, from h-all
to NVetl, ap[x-Arcd to be five Lcaijuci in Breadth , into
which I entciTd with my Ship, lounding as I went , and,
at lafl, anchorcvi in nine Fathom NVater, at the Dillancc
of about a I>eaguc Ironi the Shore Ihis appcarcil to me
t!;i n as a large Inlet, or Bay, which enr^rtd very deep into
the Ifland of Timor; but 1 alti-rwards founvi, that u was
really a Strright, or PalfagL-. between that and another
Ifland, called .tnamatrao, or .inaba) I w.is let! into my
Midakr by the Sea Clurts, whih rrprttmt both Sides of
the Ojjcninf; as Pairs of the lame Coalt, making the Whole
but one Ifland, and calling it by the Name ol Timer. Suth
Errors as thcfi- .ire frrquinr, hapj>cning lonv time.'- through
Accidents, lonietimrs from Ocfign ; and thcntore a greater
Service cannot Lr rendered to Navigat' •<• m general, than
to rei'tify tin h Mitlakes ; and it would bi- well, it thoic, w'u)
make Ma; s and Charts would be c ;rcful '■ , pcruling
Voyji;f-^, and not content theinfclves v. ..^ bATt'../ copying
fuih Draujjiu^ as come to Iiand, by v,].:J\ means i hey trc-
qurnily adopt, iKit only th? Miftakcs, v\.' the mifi hicvt>js
Drfi^ns, of othtn, w!io, by fall'c Rcpri 'i-iitations, endea-
vour to I ')ix\at what ought to be made known for the pub-
lic (l<K>vi.

if'. I projyilrd to have faded through tJ. Opening to
the Muin ; but I had not lail-il far, before tht Wind canic
aixjut Id the SvKjth-iad, and l>lrw to flrong, that I could
not venture with Satety ncarn ilut Side, l)tt.aulc it was a
l,ic fliorc v unidcs, my Hoat was on the Eafl Side ot the
Timer C<ai\ ; for the other was !■* I found atterwards, the
/habita Sl/jre -, arid tin great C>i>e(iiiig 1 now was in, was
the Strcight berwtcntliat Illand and Timer, towatds whicli
I now la^k.(^^, and flood over. Taking up my Boar,
thiiftorc, I lan uiuici thc7/»wr Side, an 1 arKhiired at three
o'Chxk, u: 7') hathom, halt a Mile Irum the Shore. 1 fat
Pon of the .South-weft Point of ftmer, where we anchored
in the Morning, bore now South by Weff, I )!(lancc three
I>ragi)CSi and another Point of the Ifla.id bore Nonh
Nurth-call, Uillaiuc two Lcigucs. Not long aft-r, we
faw a Siut>p lonnng alxjut the Point laft-mentioncd with
Dutcl Lt)lo»iu, which I f(nind, by fending my Boar aboard,
Ix longed tu a Dutch Fort, the orJy one tficy tiavc in Timor,
•lv,iit five l^cagues fr^m hence, callcii Concordia. The
(lovernor of the Fori wai m the Sloop, and about f«rty

Soldiers with him. He appeared to Ik fomewhat furprii J
at our coming this Way, which, it fccnis, is a Paliagc kjt,
known to any but themfeivcs, as he told the Mm I fcrrti
him in my Boat ; neither did he Ikni willing, tli.it wclliuulj
come near the.r Fort for Water. I Ii faid alio, that .',?
did not know ol any Water on all that Part if the !ilj„j
bui only at the Fort -, and that the Nativt 5 would kill us, -
tiiey met us alhore. By the Imall Arms my Men larri.J
Willi them in the Boat, they took us to be l'irati<, a,-;
woulil not eafily believe the Account my Men gayctlmn
of what we were, and whence wc cime. They liiid, th/
about two Years lx:tdrc this, there had been a llout .Sh
of hfncb Pirates here j and that after having been fulf;- j
to water, and rcfrelli themfeivcs, and Ixcn kindly u;.^',
they had on a t'udden gone among the Indians, Subjedlv li
the Fort, and plundered them, and burnt their Hou 1.
And the I'orti.-guffe here told us afterward, tlut th.;-
Pirates, whom they alto had entertained, had burnt ih.;.
Hou!(*s, and had tak..n the Dutch Fort, (though ;.,
Dutch cared not to own fo much; and had driven the '", ■
vcmorand Factory among the wiKl /;»<irtir.f, their F.ntr
The Dulih told my Men further, they could not but t;, ^
we had of Icveral Nations as is uluai with Pirate vjL
in our Ship, and particul.u-ly fonie Dutihrntn-, thou[;u
the DilVourl'e was in Frrnih, for I hail not one who a..
fpeak Dutch: Or elle, tince the common Draughts nu,
no PafFagL- between Timer and /kabae, but laid down bi;
as an Illand, they laid, t.hey l'ul[)e^t«d wc had plun.!;r :
fome Dutch Ship of their paitu ular Draughts, which t:ir
arc forfed 10 p.ur with. With thefe Jealoufics, the S!i»jf
returned towards their Fort, .uid my Boat came back*;.,
tins News to me. But I was not dilcouragcd at this Sr*\
not doubting but I thould perfuadc them better whc. 1
fhouid come to talk with them. So the next Mormrgl
wcighct!, and llocxl towards the Fort : The Winds wc-
loinewhat agamfl us, fo that wc could not go very '.c,
being obliged to tack two or three limes -, and, ieM..r.5
near the farther End of the PalTage, Ixtween '/.-nwrijj
.Ir.ahao, we faw many Houfes on each Side, not l.ir -.-i
the Sci, anvi Icveral Boats lying by the Shore. The L:J
on both Sides li pretty high, appearing very dry, i: :
a reddifli Colour, but highcfl on the Timer Side.
r.-ecs on either Side were liut fmall, the Wood thii. , - ,
in many Pla^^^, the Trees were dry and with-.Ttd.

17. The Ifland ^■huoMbiio, or .inabae, is not very ,,
not excee:ling ten leagues in L.ength, and four inBrc..;: ,

Ehas two Kingdoms in it , viz. that ui /Inamiiiii^ i. lu: j
I Side towards Timer, and the North-eafl I nd , v^ j
ths'. oi timibae, which contains the South-weft Enil, -~
the Wctl Suit of the Ifland \ but I know not wim.'i J
them is 'iggclt. ihr Natives ot both arc of the him
Kind, ot a Iwariiiy Copper-colour, with black lank !i
ThoU of Antm^>^o are in League with the Dulih, as i!..'x j
afterwards tola me, ai'.d wiih ihe Natives of the KingilL<:
ot Cs^g, in Timer, over a^aitdl them, in which ik
i'N/.e Fort (xmcrdia llands. But they are faid to be :i vc
teratc Encnies to their Neighbours of ^abao. Iho'; u
^mabac, Ix-fidcs managing their Imall Plantations ( ; •
few Coioatrrcs, hlh, llrike 1 urtlc, and hunt Btiffj>.
killing them with Swords, Darts or Lances : Bi:t I k' «
not how t'lcy get their Irom I fippoic by Tratfick v^a. t .
Dutih or J'erlugin-fc, who tend now-and-thcn .1 Slocf , a-
trade thither, but well-armed , for the Nativts *v^-\
kill tfirm, could they furprifc them. They go ai»;i I
aimed themfeivcs i and, when they go a Filhing i:r M.
ing, they fjxnd four or five Days, or more, in nrc >"
alxjut, before they return to their ilabitatio.i. \N e :
uw them after this at thcle Employments, but they ^^
not i/inc n.w us. I'hc Fifli or Hcfli that t.hey :ii.". j
fides what fcrvcs for prefent I'^Tiiding, tl^'V ilty " ■
Baibacuc, or wooden drate, tlandirg pretty high • ' ■
F'lrc, and lo carry it home when they return -, ■*< ^"
fome tim- >:., awards to the Places where t.hey ha.i M -
thus a drying, fuit did not tou.h any of it. Bur, to f''
ceed : I did not think to Hop any-whcre till I came m ^'-
Eorf, which yet I did not lee ; fnit, coming to th;' i-
ot this Paflage, I tounil, that, if I went any fartliir. ;
fhould be open again to the Sea : I therelorc flixxl in to '. '
Shore on ihc Eaft Side, and antliorcd in lour Kat.'i i

W it;;.

(Chap. I. Captain William D a m p i e r. ill

iter, fandy Ground, a Point of Land ftill hindrring mc wc Tpent in Fiftiing with the Sdln, ahd the firft Morning
im feeing the Fort. But I ferit my Boat to iook out caught as many as ferved all my Ship's Company : But

we had not afterward fo good Succcfs. 1 he reft of iny
Men, who could be ibarcd from the Ship, I font out,
with the Carpenter's Mate, to cut Timber for my
Boats. Thefc went always attended by three or four
armed Men, to ftcurc them. I fhewed them TVliat Wood
was fitting to cut for our Ufe, efpccially the Calabafli and
Maho J 1 fliewed them alfo the manner of ftripping thf
M alio bark, and of making therewith Thread, Twine,
Ropes, tff. Others were fent out a Fowling, wh. brought
home Pigeons Parrots, Cockatoos, t?f . I w.is always with
one Party or otlier myfelf, el'pccially with the Carpenters, to
jlSotice of tliem. The next Morning, being Stptmber halUn them to get what they could, that wc might be
iihe 23d, 1 fent my Clerk alhore, in iny Pinnace, to the gone from hence. On the 6th of OiJolur I Ciiltdfrom
iGovimor, to fatisty him, that we vierc Englijhnnt, and in this Place-, and, on the nth, arrived fatelyat the fit ft Per'
Ithc King's Ship, and to a(k Water of him, fending a lUpiffe Settlement, and was very well received there, th«
iyoung Man with him, who fpke Froicb. My Clerk was People fceming very willing to do me any Service in their
Ivith the (fovernor pretty early -, and, in Anfwer to his Power. And, afterwards, I ftood round again nearer to
iQucrics about mc, and my Bufinefs in thefc Parrs, tolil the Dutch Fort of Concordia \ horn whence the Governor
fhim, that I had the King of EnglantTs Commiflion, and fent mc a Mcflage, by which all former Miftakts were

from feeing ...

Ilor it \ and, in a ftiort time, (he returned j and my Men
told me, they faw the Fort, but dki not come near it •,
[and that it was not above four or five Mile$ from hence. It
Ibeing now !ai.e, I would not fend my Boat thither till the
irext Morning \ mean while, about two or three hundred
\Indians, Neighbours of the Fort, and fent probably from
[thence, came to the (andy Bay, juft againft the Ship,
where they ftaid all Night, and made good Fires. They
[were armed with Lances, Swords, and Targets, and made
Inmch Noife .ill the Night. We thought it was to fcare us
[from landing, fhould we attempt it •, but we took little

ciired to Ij^euk with him : He beckoned to my Clerk to

tome alhore •, but, as foon as he faw fomc fmall Arms in

he Sttrn-lheets of the Boat, he commanded him into the

at again, and would have him be gone ; My Clerk

'elicited him, tiiat he would allow him to fpeak with him ;

juid, at laft, the dovcrnor confentcd, that he fhould come

fliorc; and fent his Lieutenant, and three Merchants, with

;»(iuard of about an hundred of the native Indians, to

eivc him: My Clerk laid, that we were in much want

f Water, and iiopcil they would allow us to come to their

atcring-place, and till. But the <iovernor replied, that

le had Orders noi to fupply any Ships but their own Eajl

'ndia Company, neither iiuift they allow any Europeans to

me the Way that wc c;imc, and wondered how wcdurll

proach their Fort. My Clerk anfwcred him, that, had

e been Enemies wt mull have come alhore among them

r Water But, faid the Governor, you are tome to

Ipeft into our 7' ide and Strength, and I will have you

hcretore be {^one with ail Speed. My CJerk anlwt-rcd him,

h.'t I had no fuch Dclign ; but, without coming nearer

cm, would be contented, it the Governor would fcndWater

>n l"'aid, where wc lay, atxiut two Leagues from the Fort ;

id that 1 would make any realunable Satistachon for it.

Sl'hc Governor faid, that we (hould have what Water wc

anted, provided we came no nearer with the Ship ; .md

rdcred, that, as foon as wc pleafcd, we Ihould fend our

it full of empty Casks, and come to an Anchor with it

ffthe Fort, till he fent Slaves to bring the Casks alhore, and

ill them 1 for that none of our Men mult come afhore :

he fame Afternoon I fent up my Boat, as he had dircrtcd,

ith an Officer, and a Prcfcnt of ibme Beer for the Go-

ernor, which he would not accept, but fent me off about

Ton of Water.

i«. After this, I lent my Boat afhore fevcral times,

ith the fame Officer on board, to tnmfacl Matters with

e Governor. But, as this Officer had no great mind tc<

e Voyage, and delircd nothing ib much as to lee us

ibligeci to return home, he made futh ftrangc .Reports of

e Governor, that the reft of the Officers, and tnc Ship's

rew, grcA unealy •, iij that though we were kindly r.nter-

mtd by the Inhabitants of the odier Illand, who Iv.ought

every Day Fi(h ^nd l-ruits to l(;ll, yet it was relolvcd,

I a Council held up-n this S»ibi«df, that wc Ihould leave

Niighl«nirh<xKl of the Fkittb Fort, and endeavour.

It wa> j)onible, to find the t'ortuguefe Settlements, where

wcic m hopes of Ix'ing better treated. On the :-th in

VJorning, wc anchored in the Middle ol C^patig Bay 1

bcin['^ able to dilcovtr nothing worth memioaing

, we jailed trom thence (till Nonhward, in Search ot

Portugueff Sctdemc: ri. On the 7.9th, we continucif

iiiing, without firditii!; any proper Place r? land. The

rxtDay I fent my Mac ailiore, who diii:ovcred a very

ood W.j'ering-j ', ^re in ,i Bay where there v.as fate .'\ii-

or;igf ; which Wiis u Very acceptable Service ■, and I

enr the nest Morniiij^ un ihorc, in order to give the

firm;- Directions In the Space of three Day;, wc

'>^ about twcncyiix ion of Water, and then had on

1 altout thirty i'un in all. I he two following Vj.\i

■ -I I) .M«.

cleared up, and a good Underftanding reftored ; fo that, at
the Rcquelf of that Gentleman, I went alhore, and dined
with him at his Fort ; where I found great Plenty of very
good Viduals, very well drcU'ed, the Linen white and
clean, and all the Plates and Dilhcs either Silver, or very
tine China. This, indeed, mult be faid in Favour of the
Dutch, that in all their Settlements, every thing is ma-
naged with the utmolt I>cency and Order. After Dinner
he lliewed mc fomc Drawers full of Shells, of v/hich he
had a very curious and well-cholen Colleil'tion. He (etined
to be highly frank and open -, told me, tlut, as to Naval
Stores, It w.is not in his Powet to Uipply me •, hut that, for
trelh Provilions, or whatever elfe he could fp.ire, I might
be liire of them : For which I rhanked him, but made no
Ufe of his Offer ; bcc.iufc my Ship lay at a good Dirtarc«
from the Fort, and I was atraid of trullin^ my Men fo
far m the Country, for tear the Natives ihould atta k
them. We met with great Plenty of Grain, fo that, di ring
all the Time we ftaid tierc, very little of our faltProvifions
wercconlumed. We faw almoft every Day exceeding black
Clouds, and heard it thunder for near a Month in the
Mountains, where we likcwife iiiw it rain, but none came
near us till about four Days before cur Departure : Previous
to my Account of which, I Ihall give an txaift Delcription
ot the Country.

It). The liland of Timer is about feventy Le.igucs long,
and lixtcen broad : It lies nearly South-tall and South-wtft,
The Middle of it lies in about 9^ South Latitutlc. It has
no n.ivigable River, nor any Harbours, but abundance of
Bays for Ships to ride in lately enough at fome Seafons of
the year. The Shore is very bold, free from Rocks,
Illands, or Sholcs, excepting a few, which .are vifiblc, anci
tlierefore cafily avoided. It is a pretty even Shore, with
landy Bays, and low Land, for about three or four Miles
up into the Country,' ; but, beyond that Space, it is moun-
tainous. There is no .-Inchoring but withii, half a L.cajjuc,
or a League at farthclf, from the Shore ■, .and the low Land,
that lx)uiid.s the Sea, hath nothing but red Mangroves,
from the Foot of the Mountains, till you come within
i.'TOor zoo Paces ot the Sea ; and the n you have S'and-
banks, covered with a fort of Pine, fo th.it there is no get-
ting Water on this Side becaufe of the Mar.p;rovcs. At
the South-wtft End of -Timor is a pictiy high liland, called
Anai/ao. It is about ten or twelve Leagues long, and
about tour broad ; near which the Dutch are fettled. It
lies lb near Tttnor, that it is laid down in ou: Draughts as
Part of that liland -, yet we found a narrow deep Chanel,
lit for any Ships to pafs between tliem. ThisCiianel is
about ten Leagues long, and, in fome Places, not above
a League wide. Ir nms North-call and Soutli-welf, fo
deep, that there is no anchoring but very nigh the Shore.
'I'l-reis bvc little Tide, tht Flood letting North, and the
Fbb to ttic Southward. .•\t the Noith-eaft End of this
Cli; nel are two Points of Land, not ab<jvi; a League afun-
der, one on the .South Side upon I'.mor, called Copang ;
tiie other on the North Side, upon the other Ifiand yimibao.
From this lall Point the Land trends away Noitlieily two
or three Leagues, opens to the Sea, and then bends in

I 1 again

122.

Uc V () Y A Ci E S oj

Book 1.

again to ilte Wellwaril H inp j-all tlw Ic I'mnts, yciu < lUcr
into a Bay about eight I ^\\sp.\<. s l»;ij<, atiti tour wuli . 1 lus
Bay turns in, un t!u .South SkU, North-call by I'lH hoiu
the Soutli I'oint iHlori-nuntio'Kii, m.iking m.my linall
Point's, or littk-Covis. A Unit a Ixagtu' t<> iIk l.all ot
tlic laid Sdvith h>mt, the Dutch luvi- a linall Monr I mt,
ficuatcil on a I'olkl RcKk, lioli- by the Sra. Ihis 1-ort ih< y
call ComorJiit. On tl»c Ivall Side «)t tin l-oit, th«ri is a
fmall Kivir ot frtfti Water, whuh lu-. a bioa.l U'ardid
Bri(i((<r over it, mar the I'.ntry into i!ic l-i>rt. H( yii.ul this
River is a fmall fandv Bay, where the Boats and barks land.
About an hundn-ii Yards Iroin thi- .Sea lidc, aiiii as many
from the Fort, and Ibrty Vai is from tlic- Hridj;i' on the
tlaft .Side, t.h.: Company, as at niofl i>t ilntr totts h.ivi a
fine Garden, lurroundcd witJi ag<>o<l Stent Wall. In it is
iilcnty ol all forts of .Sallads, Cablia^ts, R(H)ts for the
Kitchen, ami a I'arttm.-. In li-nic I'arts of it an Fruit-
trtrs, as J.tca.s I'liinjilcix 1», Or.uigcs, iWut Ix-nions t:''-
and, by the Walls, arc Coeiu-mit aiulToiliiy trns in ffct
plenty. Btfiiles thifc, they have Mufk and Waier-inili»ns,
Pme apples, I*om«itriJi>s, l'oincgranat<s .md (jtha loits ol
Fruits. Between this (>an.lcn .mil the K.Mr there i\ a ki.jd
of Paddock lor Black Cattle, of which tiay have plenty.
Beyoi.d the C<>in(uiiy's (iroiin.!, the Natives luve rh.ir
lloutes, in Nunibir about titty orVixty. There arc lorty
or fiity Soldiers btlonging to this Fort : But I knnw not
how many Guns they have -, for 1 hail only DpjHii tunny to
ftr one Baftion, in which tiuy lud tour (iuns. Within the
Walls, there is a neat httlr Church or ClufKl. As to ilw
Natives ol l!;is Illaiid, or original InJ:dn Iiilwbit.ints, thry
are of a middle .Sniure, llrait IvMlied, lleiuirr-hi.ilTd, loii);-
vilaged, their I l.iir Mack and lank, their i>kin veiy iWanhy.
They arc very »!rxtrous and nimble, but wuhal la/.y in she
highcft IXgree. Thi y arc f.nd to be dull m every thing,
but Ireaihery ami Barlurity. Their lloulis are Ut nuan,
their Cloathing only a fmall Cloth .U)out tluir Middle ; hit
lonw of thiin, lor Oiiament, luve Inmdetsot Moilur-*)!-

frarl, or thin Pieces ot Silver or Gold, made ot an oval
orm, of the Ba-aiith of a Crown-piece, curiouny notcheel
rouixl the F.*igts tivi of thell, placeil one by another a li;tle
above the tyi brows making afuriicirnt Giurd a;ul Oiiui-
incnt for tJusr lortheoii. They are fo thin, and pitted on
iJuir Forchea is lo artiticially, tlut they leem riveted there-
on , and indeed tlic Pearl -oy lit r (bells n:akc a more l] Kmiid
."slicw, than ti.'Iicr Silver or Gold. Otiiers ol tlum h.ivc
Palmetocaj/*, mailc in divri^ lorms. As to tlieir Mar
rages, they take a& inany Wives as they lan maintain i and
fometimes tJvry fell their Children to ^nirt !ufe more Wives.
I inquirni aty>iit l' vir Kcligion, am! was cold tluy huii none.
Their coininon SubfilleiKe is litJian Corn, which cvtry
Man plants tor himtelf. 'Ilu y take but hitie Pains to ti<ar
die Gruui>d i for, in tJie Daytime, thi y ftt Fire to rhe
witlierci'. Grafs ai d Siirxibs, and that Iniir.s thrm out ar!e.ir
Plar.totJo.! a«>ainli the next wet .Seafoo. Wlat other drain
the, have, belidi's /)u/w/i Corn, I know nr)t. Their I'lant-
"ations art very memi ; tor they ilclight luofl iii Hunting :
Aivi here Art wild ButfaltKi and Hogs enough, tlio* very
fliy, btcaule ol their tr.-»juent Hunting. 1 luy have a kw
Boats, aiui fome Fi'berm n. 1 heir .Arms are I .antes, tliitk,
round, Hiot: I'rti:.. Itcotis, and Targets With thtfe thry
hu-nt, and kill tiinr (i.mi , am! tiie fame Wea|K)n> tluy
life agamlt their Luumit si' w: Fur this Iflami uiiowdivul d
into many Kingd< ins, and all of different l^- guages, tht/',
in th'ir Curtoms .iml M.ium-r ol 1-ivir.g, as well as Sli.i|t
and Colour, they lerin to be (originally ot one Dcfccnt.
The chictVll Kingdom^ are, Cupttnj;, .-huthu, Ijtrtnku, Pt-
htmtu, N^mquimj.': 1 he llland .dloot./M«u^d«(>r .iHaiae
is a Kingdom, tacli ot theic lus a Sultan, wlui is Supreme
in his Kingdom, and loth under lum fevcral R.ijas, and
other' interior Olfrers The Sultans, lur tiic moll jutt, arc
F..-.imics to each other i wtueh Fnmitics are fomented and
k« pt uj) by tilt Duuh, win ll- Fon and f actoi y .ire lituatcd
in tlic Kingdom of Lupattg ; and tjierrt(jrc tlie Bay, near
wliich tlicy arc fettled, is lommonly cali -d Cuf^n^ liiiy.
Tliry h.ivc only as much Giouivd as tliey t.iii keep witliin
Rcidi ol their (Ju:a -, yet this whole Kingdom is at iVaic
With tlv-m, ami they frrely tr.ii!c witli its Iiihai»itant», as .\llo
witli the IHaml'-n on .Its-iimo, wlio art .it Ptaie, us wcii
witii Uie Native;- of CupjHg, as with liicZJw/ii- aliduijjtlitic.

Hut they arc imiilai-.ible Fncniiesto thole i)\' .Imi:.'/!,,
are their next NeiglilxHifS and in .Vmity with t!ie /' r,;,
j^uf/t i ai are alfo the Kingdoms oi Peiumiu, Naiiqirm4!
MHi Lcriniit. It is very probable, iliat (luie tsso l-.kt,'.
/•MM.Siiilcments cui this M.ind an.>tiie greatcll Uti ..Hon ^t
their continual Wan. Tlu- PtrtugUfft bond exe :ilivtly q;
their .Strength lu-re, and tlut tliey aio able, at I'lu.furc, t^
rout out tlie Duuh, it thiy had Authority fo to do lto>nt)u
King of Pgrtugal ; and that they oftrn write to tlic Vicoruy
oi God about It ; and, titu' their Rcquell u not yet grantcj,
ncverthtltis (as they tay> ilic) live in txpeitition of n
Thct'c have no Fuits i but ilcfx-nd on their Alliance wn.i
the Natives: yVnd indeed tluy are already fo mixt, th^ i;
is hani tu dillinguilh witether they An Pcrtugutj* or Iniiu:
Fhtir 1 Jinguage is Ptrtunutft v and the Religion iliey luve
is Komijh. They feem, in Words, tu aduiowlcdgr iht
King of Portu^a! tor tlicir .Sovereign \ yet they will d •
accept of any Officers feiu by him. They Ipcak imiiiia
unly tiie .\UUnaH and their own Country l..angiugt., .,
well .is PertMj^ueff ■, and the chit teft UlBccrs, tlut I l.iw, war
of tins mixt l)clt.ent : Neither did 1 Ice above tliict or low
w.'.iii Men .tmong tlunii M^>\ ot tiwfe two were Priettv U;
tills mi.'t Breed tlitre ore fomo Ihoufands, ol whom luir.o
Save Sm.iil armsot tlieir own, and know how to ulcthn?..
riie cliitt PiiliJii (as 1 Ixlore laitf is called Captain-nuM.
He IS a white Man, tint thither by the Vuuoy ofGu,
.ind Items to li.ive gnat .Vuthoiity litre. I did not fee Inn,,
fur he feldom coiius down. His Relidence is uc a l'!u:
called Porta X(na, which, the People at Lafbae told in ,
w,i$ a great Way otV; but I eoulil not get any part;;.^-
.Acvount aliout it. .Some told me, tivat he is commurlv '^
t.'ie Mountains, witii m\ Army of Indians, to guard t.-,.-
Pallcs between tliem aiul tlic CupaiigayMij, cfjKcially i;i!.:
dry Stafons. Ihc next Man to lum was /litxts Mni:i.
He IS an Imhan, fjwaks very goo<l Portugutfe, .md is ol i.v
Rtmjh Rilij-ion. He lives five or fix Miles from the Sa,
aiul IS called the l.ieutenart. I le coininamis next to :L
Captain -major, aivd hath under him another at tins lo:t «
the .Sta-lide; if it muft be lo called i for, at bell, \ii-,'jj.
a Block-lioule.

io. What I obfervedof greateft Confequcnrcduringmy
Stav' in this IHand, w,is the dilTcrent State, aiul ftili inat
ditlcrent Polity, of the IjtroptM Nations fettled h<r:, I
mean tlic Dulib and Pertugut/f: And, I Ixlievc, i!;c .Ac
count I am about to f;ive ot them iruy pals for .'. prttiy
gotxi Detcription of all their .Settlements ■, by whicii 1 inoa,
t.*ut, as tiieu Genius is alike, fo its Conlcquences jrr jTctty
near the (iimc u all. Ihe Dutch bort, as I have olMcrvt.,
is a regular jull I'onitication, wi II provided witli Arti .cry
and .Ammunition, and has / luffKlent Number ot Sokac.i
to leturc them againll any Attempts of the Natives. Thty
•.lepend then fore intircly u|>on liiemfelves, and, by alwa-i
lul^K-^ltiig, .ire never deieived. Tiity tarry on a vi-rycj,-
luitralile Ir.ide, bctaule they furnilh the Natives u.: j
['Teater \ ariety. And Uttir Sorts of Citxxl-i, tlian their K;
vals in Commerce the Par'.u^ueft. As for t!u- lattir, ttirt
luve a Block-houle or two, but hanlly any Giuis ; an! x.'-
wretchedly jirovided with .Ammunition. 1 his is ow)n!' '
tlic liixifeiKis ot their Government, or, to fpeak with i^rii'
Piopriety, lo tiieir li.iviiig no Gosernment ar all , tut ':•''
• :>cy boall much ul Ixing I'oriugutfe, yet they pay iiuO
,.>tiue to tiK \'iteroy at lioii, wiio cunltqucntly troubii>:./
himlelf about tlicin, but leaves them to provide niilit^
M\<.\ naval Stous at the worll Hand, tlut is, to pui-h^:
them Ironi the Cbineji. As tluy are, in a manner, /««'■>«
tlicmleivcs, they trull to their own Streiigtli, am! tlut ^'
the Native^) -, and, becaulc they can mullcr ten tiir.f? -
many Men a» the Duub, they tanfy tiumlelvei .n.
ftrongtr. Thtle cralty Neiglibours of theirs ncsvr '^'"'i
this to Tnai i Ixit have Ijiirittd up the People ol Ctt/sc;
agaiiiO tliem tu luch a Oegrtc, iliat they .ire c jnti.'Uiailv '.'
War ssitli the J'ortugitrc, and never give them any Qi'^
ti r. Mils !s tlip Realijii thit tlieir Captain-major ren -rf
always in tlic Mountains, where, ii h: iliii not guard t.-
Paflcs cirttiilly, the Portuguff<, notwitiiiland.inn tlitir bul
t-d Strcngtli, w iuld (iun bt Jrive;^ liom the Cooft. N<''.li'
from the Dutib I ort at Cemcrjir., the People u( C*^;
tiav:- an Moufe, or r.itlitr J l<ivcl, budt, on purjxjie to i"
Pertugnej\ llculsi lor, wtuntvcr they iuU .i!») 'f '

tiia

)hap. I. Qtptain W i l i, i A m D a m p i f

F.iicmies, Iiitlier they bring liis 1 Icail \ ami, when I was
iicrc, it was faid to be a"nio(l lull : So that, wliili- the Por-
vgueft arc threatening to ilrivtf the Ihtuh out of the Ifland,
he Dutch, withput lb much as uttering tht ir Refcntments,
litre taking off their Htuds as talt as they can. Befuli-s the
Ipeoiilc alrcaily ileftribed, there are alfo here fame Cbinefe
Merchants from Mtccito. Tht-y bring hitiicr coarfc Rice,
coarfe or mixetl (iokl. Tea, Iron-work, Porcciane, ami Silk

Btii wrought and raw. Thty get in Kxchangc pure CJokl,

I it is here gathercil. Bees-wax, Sandal-woo.!, ami Loire.
|t is faid there ate about twenty fmall Chinefe VtHIls come
nither cvi ly Yejr from Mni.ao, and commonly one Vc(rel

Year from Goa, wliic h brings Europtan Commotlitiis,
Calicoes, .in<l Muflins. 1 Icre are likcwifc fome fmall Barks,

at tra^le from this Plate to Batavta, .ind bring from
bencf both Eurapean and Indian tio<xls, and Uici-. The
^cfll-ls gcni rally conic hither in March, and (lay till Sep-
^tmbcr ; and, by this nuans, ftcure ti\i- Benefit of the
Trade-winds, and obtain regular and advantaf^ooiu Markets
3r their Comnicxlitic-,. Ihis Country, take it all together,
I very rich and plentiful, {•ruit-trectiu y have ui all Knids

I great Plenty, and abundance of liinlKT. In their Pl.int-
ttiims they have Imiiatt Corn, and Kice^ .iiul might have
en times as much, it tluy were not l()l.uyi wiki an<l tame

eafts tiinumer.ible ■, and I'owls in vail (Quantities : Bt fides,

inhere are WiMjds fwarming with Bees, which make vail
Quantities of Honey anil Wa.x. Their Mountains and
(rooks afford a great ileal of (lold ; and they luive likcwili:
nuth Copper-, but I do not know where they get it. The

ta b very well IhHked with Filli, among which the moll
emarkable are C'ucklemeidiants or Oylfcrcrackers. They
ecd on .Shell filb, having two very hard, thick, bhtck Hones

I their Tliidat, with which they break to Pieces liich Shell-
Sfh as they feed iijion. As lor Shell-tilh, they luvc (}y-
lers of three Sortj ; viz. long Oyllers, common OylUrs,
Vhich are very fat, and .i third Sort, the Shells of which
efemble a Stone lb mucli, .is not to l>c cafily dillinguilhed

om it : Yet f hefe aie the bell •, for they arc very Iwect,

It, and well-tailed, being hkewife of fuch Size, that thrcii

^r four of them will ferve for a Dinner. I'hcre are Cockles

ere as big as a Man's 1 lead, of which two or three arc

nough for a Meal i th.y are very fat and fwert ; Craytifli,

"hrimps, i^c Merc are alfo many green Turtles, fome

Jligators, Ui. We failed fiom 'limor on December 12.

II699, and faw, during the Remainder of that Month, fei

feral fmall Iflands. On New year's-day, we firft dilcovered

he Caift of New Guiiiey, which appt ared to be very high

.ind, lixin after, we difcovcred Illands alnioft ua

very Side.

21. On January 14. 1700, we faw in the Afternoon
Bme Smoke from the lilands lying to the Weft of us ;
herelore I bore away tow.ards them, with all the .Xdvantage
hat a brifk Gale could give me. About fevcn in the Mven-
we anchored in thirty-five l-'atiiom Water, at the Di-
nce ot about two Leagues from a pretty large Iil.uui.
fe remained where we were tii.it Night, and faw many
Fires on Ihore. In the Morning we weighed again, .iiul
farther in, thinking to have Ih.illower Water ■, but wc
within a Mile of the Shore, and came to tJiirty-eight
Fathom, good, foft, holding Ground. While we wer^
nder Sail, two Canoes came ofl within Call of us. 'They
poke to Ik. ; but we neither underllood their J.anguage,
ttr Sif^ns. W'e w.ivcd ti > them to come on Iward, ainl called

I I hem in the j\falaytiii Language to do the fame , but they
lould not; Yet they c.ime lb nigh us, that we could Ihew
hem fuch 'Things .is we had to truck with them, tho' nei-
her would this tnticc them to come abo.ird ; but they made

Jigns for us to come .ifhore, and away they went. 1 lien
1 went alter them in my Pini-.acc, carrying with me Knives,

:ads, (ilalTes, Hatchets, i^c. When we came ne.ar the
Ph'.ie, I called to them in the Malayan Language. I faw

It two Men at firft, the rell lying in Ambulh behind the

Jihts ; but, as ff<;n as I threw alhore forne Knives, and
thtr Toys, thry came our, flung down their Weapons,
Bul came into the W.iter by the Boat's Side, making Signs
^1 I" riend.ihip, by pouring Water on their Heads with om-

land, which they dipped into the Sea. 'The next Day in
lie .Altirnoon, feveial other Canoes came on Iward, and

roiight many Roots and Fruits ; which we ^lurclialcd.

This Ifland lias no Name in our Draught •, but the Nativei
call it Pulo Snbttda. It is about three Leagues long, anJ
two Miles wide, moie or lei's. It is of a good Height, fo
;is to be feen eleven or twelve Lcigues. It is very ro< ky ;
yet, above the Rocks there is uood yellow and black
Mould, not tK'< p, tho' proilucing pK uty of good tall Trees,
antl bearing any Fruits or Roots, which the Inhabitants
plant. I do not know all its Produce •, bur what we faw
were, Plant.iins, Cocoa-nuts Pine aunlcs, Oranges, Papoes,
I'otatoes, and other large Rdoti. tlerei.s .lifo another fort
of wild Jackas, alxnit the Bignefs of a Man's two Fills,
full ot Stones or Kernels, which eat plc.if.int enough when
roafted. The Libby tree grows here in the fwamj)y Val-
leys, of wjiich they make S.igo-c.ikcs. I did not lee them
make any ; but w.is told by the Inhabitants, that it was
made ot th" Pith of the Tree, in the fame manner I have
before di li 1 ibed. They (luwcd me the Tree whereof it was,
and I bought .itxnit tijrty of the Cakes. I Iwught alfo three
or four Nutmegs in the Shell, which did not feem to Iwvc
been long gathered -, but, whether they be the Growth of
this Ill.md, or iK)t, I c.m't fay ; for the Natives -"ould not tell
whence tin y had them, .and liemed to prize them very much.
What Ikalls this Ifland affords, I know not ; l)ut here are both
Sea and Land-fowl : Of tlic firll. Boobies and Men-of-w.ar-
birds are the chief; fome Guldens and milk-white Crab-
catchers. 'The Land-fowls .ve, Pigeons, about the Bignefs
of Mountain pigeons in Jamaica, and grow about the
Size of tholi; in England, and much like them -, but the in-
ner P;u-t of their Feathers is white, and the Outfide black;
fo that they appear all bl.ick, unlefs you extend the Fea-
thers. I lere are large Sky-coloured Birds, fuch as we killed
at New Guiney, and many other, fmall Birds unknown to us.
Here is likewife abundance of Bats, as big as young Conies,
their Necks, Heads, F.ars, and Nofes like Foxes 1 their Hair
rough i that about their Necks is of a whitilh-yellow; that
on their Heads and Siioulders black. Their Wings are four
Feet over from 'Tip to Tip. They fmell hke Foxes. The
Fifh .are Bals, Rock-lilh, and a fort of Fifh like Mullets,
Old-wives, Whiprays, and fome other forts, that I know
not \ but no great Plenty of any : For it is deep Water till
within lefs than a Mile of the Shore •, then there is a Bank
of Coral-rocks, within which you have fhole Water, white
clean Sand ; fo there is no good Fifhingamongft thefe. This
Idand lies in 2° 43' South Latitude, and its meridian Di-
ftancc from Port Babao on the Ifland of Timer is 486 Miles.
Bcfides this Illand, here are nine or ten other fmall Illands,
as they are laid down in the Draughts. 'The Inhabitants of
this Ifland are a lijrt of very tawny Indians, with long black
Hair, who, in their Manners, differ but little from the
Mindanayam, and others of thefe Laftern Iflands. Thefe
feem to be the chief-, for, befides them, we faw alfo curl-
pated NiTM Guiney Negroes, many of which are Slaves to
the others, but, I think, nut all. They are very poor;
wear no (rioatlis 1 but have a Clout .about their Middle,
m.ide of the Rinds of the 'Tops of Palmeto-trccs ; but the
Women have a fort of Calico-cloths. 'Their chief Orna-
ments are blue and yellow Beads worn about their Wrifts.
The Men .irm themlelvt s with Bows and Arrows, Lances,
Broad fwords, like thofe o\ Mindanao. 'Their Lances are
jiointed with Bone. They llrike Filli very ingenioudy
with wooi-ien I'ilhgigs, and have a very dextrous Way of
m.iking the Fiib rife 1 for they have a Piece of Wood cu-
rioully carved and painted, much-like a Dolphin 'and per-
haps other Figures;. 'Thefe they let down into the W.uer
by a I .ine, and a fmall Weight to fiiik it. When they
tliink it low enough, they hale the Line into their Boats
very fall ; and, the F'ilh riling up after this F'igure, they
ilanil ready to llrike them when they are near the Suif.ice
of tiie Water. But their chief Livelihood is from their
Plantations ; yet they h ive large Boats, and go over to
Nrju Guiney, where they get Slaves, tine Parrots, tV.
whicli they carry to Ccrum, and exchange for C.ilicoes.
One Boat c.ime from thence a little bi fore I an ivcd. here,
of whom I bought Ibme Parrots, and would h.ive bought
a Slave ; but they would not barter for any tlung, except
Ciheoes, which I did not chufe. Their 1 loufes on this Side
were very fmall, and fcemed only to be for NccelTity -, but,
on the other Side of the llland, we law good large 1 loufes.
'I'hcir Proes are narrow, with Outliers on eacli 5ide, like

other

. -k %.■■{ I:

1-F^.fWirlt I

1 I fi

'UA

124

The VOYAGES f)f

Book I.

i| .;;!>

nthrr AK</<i»-»w. I cannot tell of wh« Religion thefc arc ,
tuit I thihW they arc not MthammfJani, by their dnnking
BiaiKly out o» the fame Cup with i. , without any .Scruple
At this likivi we contmucd till tlie joth IiOLmt, having UiJ
in Store of luch Roots trKi Fruit* a-* the II1«mI atFonlcd.
On ihi- iK.th, at hall an Hour alter lix in the Morning, I
wcighcil \ auJ, rtamling out, wc law a large Boat lull of
Men, lying at thr North Point ol the lllmd. A» we |«fll.d
by, they rowed towariU tlicir Habitations where wt fup-
jxiUd tluy l«d withilrawii th. inlelves lor Icar of us, (tlio*
vko gave ihetii no Laiife ol Terror < r for liime I">ificrcncei
among thcmlrlves \ wlili h t)l the two, wa« otit of our
Power to drtcrmiiK, tho' the former, lw»w^ ver unrraibnable.
Teemed to u« the moll |m>»»ab!e , and their futurr: LondiK'l
ronfirmeil m m tlut Opinion.

u. Mux w>- left this Coal>, where we finim. it impof-
fible to d>> any thing, in rrgaiil either to Difcoverici or
Ironic, we |ufl(d by many Imall inamK ar.il through
m.iny liangerou* Sholcs, without meeting «i',h anything
rcmaikable ; till, on Fthruary 4. we lounii onrfelvcj off
thr Nort!) well Caf* of Nem Gumtj, whi<.h u called by
(he Dutfh C'ai)e .\Ul». 1 here lies off tKi» Cape a fmall
wix»ly IfUnvl. which I fcnt my Boattoeximine, iiitemiing
tv, liavc anchored near it » aivla^ they h'txight me, at their
Return, a Cockle of a pttxligious Size, and ie|n.rtrd that
tluy ha<l feen many more tlut were ftill bigger. I thought
fit t.. call this Coiklt Ifland. The w xt Day in the After-
nLon, I lent both Boats thifhet, one to ait Wtxxl, ami
the otlicr to filh ; which Boais, xi their Return, brought
m<- fcveral Cockles of ten Poumli Wtjg/it \ but, as .t was
IlighwatcT, they were not able to get any of the very large
ones . tor the Shells they brought the Day before weighed
-8 li. In the Afternoon, I went inyfelf alhorc on another
lilanil, where I found more Pigeons than I had ever ob-
fcrvcd before, though all thcic KUiiiis abound with that fort
of Powl. fiere alio were futh Plenty of Cockles, that, m
an 1 lour's time, we could have loaticd the Boat with them.
Thii Place 1 called Piittn Iftand i an.!, on the 7th in the
Afternoon, my Men brought me ti-on.i thrnce one empty
Cf>cklc-l)iel!, weighing 25S Ih. Ihc lame Evening, wc
an4.hr<:>re.; near a very plrAiani Ifiar.d, about two Leagues
and an hall" in l.cn 'di , the Coun'ry high, and excerJing
well tioatheU with v;<x)d : 1 lie '\H.x% of them were of fc-
vcial Sorts, moft of them unknown tu ui, but all of them
crccn and fiourilhing -, many of them bore Flowers of dif-
Krcnt Colours, fome white, fomc purple, Ibme yc'Jow,
ai! exceedingly fragrant, fo »j to be I'mek at a confKltrable
Diilance. Thcfe Trees were, generally fixroking, ull and
firiit, and one i:i particuW of a dean, fmooth Body, with-
out Knot or Limb, between fixty and fevcnty Feet high,
a.id three i otiioms about. The Soil of the Ifland is black,
but not <if cp. On this li.and 1 went alhore th" i^cxt Morn-
ing, drank hus Majeft) Health, and c .Uetl it Kini H'il-
Itam'i yi/tnJ. On the 9th, bring to the Flalbwarti of King
H'llltam'i QhnJ, we plied all the Day between the Mam
and fcVtroJ otlirr Ifliinds, luving the Wind FjUlerl/, and
fair Wtathtr ; bit it foon altered, and we hail a great deal
ol Ram On the 14th, we found ourielves about fix
Ixaguf^ from the Continent ot Nfw CiuiH<y, which ap-
peared v;ry high i and wc law two Head-ionds, at about
twenty Ixagurs diilant fn^m coih other, the one F.all, the
other Well ; the lail is called the Cajie of '> «« J //#/>r : The
Variation of tli' Ccjo-ipfs here was 4' to tlic Faft. On
the 1 5th, we Ciw an uninhabited Ifund, to which I gave
• the Name of Vrir;idtn:e, wlijth lies at no great l^iiUnce
from ar.oilitr linall Ifland mentioned in the Dutch Charts,
by the Name of H'^tlUam Scouien'i ICamf.

23 Wc irolTed the Line on the 16th, and found the
Varution 6' 26 to the Fall •, but, in a few Days, the Va-
ruuon intnutfed Ui very near 9'. W'e faw, on the jjd
in the Afternoon, two Snakes -, and, the next Morning,
another palT.ng by us, which was vigoroully attacketi by
two l- lilies, that \m\ kept us Company five or fix Days :
Thty were Duped like Matkrel, and were about thrii Big
ncfs and Length, and of a yellow Colour, inclined to
green. The Snake fwam away from them very tail, krep-
iii<> hit Flead above Water : One FiHi f/iajpt at Ins Tail •,
but, when he turned himfclf, the fifh wooitl wi'lidraw, and
the <4jber wotild fnap i fo that, by turns, i;,ry kept him
4

■'it

iii.\L-,
Iralt {to-

i..iiiafo!rriblj

cmpteyed ; yet he ftill defended himf«H, and fw,im «;.,
a gteat Pace, till they were all out ol Sight. The ut.
betimes in the Morning, wc faw an lOaml to the Souti.to^j
of lis, at about H(r -ca I i-?f»iiei Dillarue Wc I we .1
for It, funporing : to be 'ut which tlic Diihli ,
IViJbtrt'i liUnd \ but, finding it another Ilaie, I a
MMtltnsi, it being that Saint's Day. This inami ,!^,
nine or ten Ixa^^uos long, mountainmi,, and wik.j, ,,,1,
many 5vivann«s, and liKiie.^pots ol I md, which 1 p^j
to be dearal. Ar cigh; in the F.vening we lay by, ,f^
ing, it wi (ould, to anchor under .Wii.;/(A«|iie ; Hir.tSc
next Mom ng, feeing another Iflarxi about feven or i ■ •
Leagues to the Eaftward ol it, we llecreil away for it ,|
Noon, wc came up fair wi-h itsSouih-wefl F.ful, mttniv
to run along by it, ar.d am;! or on the .South eaft Side , I *
the I ornaooes came i.*» lu tTiick, that I could not vert, re
in. ! his Ifland is pretty low and plain, ami cloathetl »i;,
Wood. The 'l"rees were very green, and appe.utij u-,'^
large and taM, as thick as they could (land one by ant t !/-.
It IS about two or three Leagues long ^ and, at the S',
weft Poinr, there is anoth'.T low, linall, *oo<ly liW,,
about a Mile rountl, and about a Mi'c Irom the utv.
Bctwten them thti runs a Riff of Koi ks, w'uch c„(
them i the biggcll ot theli- 1 lallctt ^ipia: Ifl .', wi*.
count of the tem|>efluous Weather we v iiK^n 1

Coofts. TheDi re ol making Diftovn
to lay hold of every Circumflai j that :
mifing, and to nrgleet nothinu; tli .1 mx^ ^
'\tqiiajntancew fhih'Coallslu vilit^. Subltqucni -. wyjgn
may eafily dili( ver great fteming F.rrors in fuci, a Mj •
Conduifl J but impartial Judges will be alw^ >% ready to j.
k)w, that it is one thing to attempt, and ai othrr r^pro-
fecute Difcoveries. He wlio enga^irs in the foriiur, iij.
ally rtecrs in the Dark, and moves without Guide cr In
formation; whereas the Utter follows the IJghts whi
the other had ftruck out, and not only improves the h
fedls of his Sagacity, but wjquirts Wifdotn alio by iw^x
ing to his Milukes. Ycr the Pleafurc of the Diliovt:::
is certainly more qukk and hvely, thaji that of any tr.t;d
Inquirer into the Conduct of his Voyage. In tins hx^<-
dition, however, the Difcoveriri were not great enough ;j
excite F.nvy ■, and yet, polTiliiy, they may dtli rs e A:;- •
tion and Profecution 1 fiiirc, though t he Countries wn-
m h wliK h we faw, yet they were pleaCjnt, ^nd.ii)jicar ,; 1
tremely capable of Improvement. It is alfo to \x obicv: ,
that wc vilitrd the Out-lkira only of the Country , 1:,
by the Fringes of a Carper, it is vei\ 'lard to juJg :
the wliolc I^e. Inorue conquer this Pi' 'jl-v.j.nd,
at the lame time, to rid ouru ives of the Dan^ i 4: J L>
ftreffea we continually cxpenenced n- (leering a<i ^ t'ct
IHands, we refolved to bear away lor the Coin,/!
hopes of indemnilying ourflves lor the Suffcnr:, ^
Dilaopointments we had hitherto met with on tlicLu;;
of Srj: (jUtHty.

J4. I'hc Continent appeared high and tnoi i.ir'n.,
adorned with flounlhing Trees. The Sides <' li-^
had many large Plantations, and Piectrs of clearer. 1 a -'.
which, together with the Smokes we faw, are ctrMin ^ ^
of its being well inhabited •, and I was defirous of cntr: .,
into Commerce with the Inhabitants ; Being nigh the Sh. ■ ,
we law firft one Proc -, a little after two, or thrre m r ,
aiKi, at lall, a great many B<(atscamc from all the aM;*ff.!
Bays : When tney wrre forty-fix in Number, thrv if
proathed fo near us, that wc could fee each othrn ''ig'a.
and hear each other fpak, though wc could not undc' -
them, nor they us. They made Signs for us togi '
wards the Shore, pointing thr Way : It was li]ually \*i ■
thcr, which at tiril made me cautious of going too ■;
but the Weather beginning to look prerty dear, I c -
voured to get into a Bay a head of us, which we coui('
got into well enough at firft \ bur, whiU- we lay ^■, *'
were dnvcn lb far to Ixeward, tlut now it wasmtr .. :
cult to get in. The Natives lay in their Procs r I
us, to whom I Ihewetl Beads, Knives, and Cdaflli, '
lore them to come nearer •, Init they would not tt' ' '
righ, as to receive any thing from ir : Therefore I J^
out fome Things to them, viz. a K.iife faftencd to a P:
of Board, and a Glafs Bottle corked up with lomc H" '
in it, which they took up, and Itrrmed wcllplcilcd. '^^•'.

..».!■:

Book I.

and (V.im « ,
lOt- Tlie
to the Soiit
Wc N>if

IV c, I . ;|

us I/laiu!

atnlw(H,.i, ,,.1,
\, which nvj
"■ lay by. 1,:^,
(Ailfte: «,:-,tSc
It Irvm or c;g,-,!
I away lor it : .^t
ft I'lul, intrn ! -^
ith caft Suit ,;„[
oulJ not vert, re
amf cloathcii u\
hI ajipr .irrO to jx;
it one by anc t!,'-.
ncl, itt the So ■
I, 'Aoody \iu
Jrofii thr o:j.i,
;i.kj, wlixh o;.-i

s m i'lc Irall po-
am lumaroIrribl(
bJi'qucnr\i,yjgfi
in fix i. a. Mr. (
jwi •> rfJiiy tOi.
nl ai otli' r tj pro-

the toriiuT. u>;j.
lOut Guide r !■
[he IJghfi VI .,

improves ti-x t'-
Mn alio by atifrvl
of the Dillovfr-r
that of a:iy i r.t:cJ
[C. In tins hx^<-
ot great cnotgh ;j
ruy ddi r\e A:;r •
C'ountncswcif r.,:
', .'.mi.iiJjx-ofoiri-
Ifo to Ix- oblirrvrJ,
he Country , i :,

.'wrd to juiJg- .:
hb Piffail'v.ird,
' Dailji- s J:d LV
ering an f, ; ."

the Com, .'!
he Sufictir
with on thv.- U-

ii|K/n 1

and iro' ui^'it^.
Suit* ' . Hiiis
I of tlcared larJ,
w, arc ciTtam Sig-^
lefrrout of cntfn.,j
ing nigh the Sha-T,
I), or thrre mort,
•oni all th^- aJjJf*
Number, they ip'
each othrn Sig'-J.
>uld not undc-ft.1^!
for u< to BO ,n :)
t was lirjuiTly \'*.''
if going too fif j: .
rrty clear, I ei'*-'*-
hich wc could !u«
lilc wc layby, *ej
w it was more d;*-
their ProcJ ro.;-J

and Glaflb, t'^ i;-
ivoiild not come la j

Therefore 1 1-'!^-

: faAcncJ ro 1 f: ■■

ip with Ibmc B^-'

, wdlplcaled. T.'K!

g::3 i

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

LL
1.25

■ 50 *^^ IHHH

Ui 1^ 12.2
^ U£ 12.0

1.4

1.6

— 6"

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

^\^

•N?

^1\/^^

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716)872-4303

'if

Chap. I. Captain William Dampier.

oftenftrtck thsir Left Bretft with cbdi Right Hand, tnd as
often held up a black Troncheon mrer their H«ad«i which
we took for a Token of Fnendihip.t whfrefoiv we did
the like \ andf vivn *' ^'^^^ *" towanb thd^ Shore, they
feemed to rejoice » but, when we ftood off, they fipowned \
yet kept Its ComjMny in their Pfoei, ftill poimjwig to the
Shore. About itve o' Ckxk w* goc within the MoMth-of
the Bay* and ibunded feveral times, but bad np Orouiid,
tho' within a Mile of the Shore. Thp Bafirn of this. Bay
was above two Miks within us, into which wemigh^ have
npM\ but, as I was not fure of Anchorage thve. ib I
^KHtthtitnot Prudence ta nm in at this lime, k being
neajl^igjit, and i«ing a Uack Tornado rifing ip the Weft,
wliich 1 moft feared » beTKks, ^ had nfcar 200 Men in
Proei dofe by us i and th^ Ban, on the Shores were lined
with Men from one End to die other, where there could
not be lei's than three or four hundred mote. 'What Wea-
pons they had, we knew not, nor yet their Defion \ there-
tbre Ibad, at tharfirft comingnearus, gatupaUour fmall
Arms, and made finreral jpuc-on Cartouch-boies to iecure
us from Treadkry. At hft I idblved to go out agnn,
which when the Natives in their Ptoes perceived, th^
began to fling Stones at us as faft as they couU, beingpro-
vided with Engines for that Purpofe i and therefore I
named diis Place Slingert Bi^ : But at the Firing of a fingle
Gun diey were all aouzed, drew off, and flung no more
Stones ( they got together, as if coofulting whatto do %
for tbey did not nuke in towards the Shore, but lay ftill,
dxxigh fome of them were killed or wounded, and many
more of them had paid for their Boldnefs, but that t was
unwilling to cut off many of them, which if I had done, «
I could not hope afterwards to biing them to treat widi
me. The next Day, we 6iled dpie by an Ifland, where
we Ciw many Smokes, and Men in the Bays, out of which
came two or three Canpes. taking much P^ns to overtake
us, but they coukl not, though we went with an eafy Sail,
and'I coukl not now ftay for them. As I palTed by the
South-eaft Point, I Ibunded lev^vl times, within aM>le
of |he body Bavs, but had 90 .ground. Aboof tjuee
Leagues to the Northward of the South^aft Pointy we
op^ a large deep Bay, lecured from Weft Npffh-weft
and Soudi-w^ 'Wimis : There were two other Ul|n^ that
lay to the Northnaft of it, which Secured thc>fii*y fropi
North-cad Winds \ one was bait fmall, yet woody > the
odwr was a League long, inhabited, and full of Cocoa-nut-
trees. I endeavoured to get into this Bay, but there came
fiich Flaws from the high Land over it, that I couM not i
and, Night coming on, I wouM not run any Hazard, but
bore away to the fmall inhaUted Ifland, to ice it we could
anchor on the Eaft Side cS it : When wecame thither, we
found the liland fo narrow, that there could be no Shelter \
therefore I tacked, and ftood towards the -greater Ifland
again v and, being more than midway between both, I
lay by. Between teven and eight at Night, we law a Ca-
noe doTe by us \ and, feeing no more, fuffered hor to come
aboard \ fltc had three Men in her, who brought off five
Cocoa-nuts, ftM-jyhich I gave each of them a Kiufe, arKl a
Sning of Beads, to encourage them to come off tqfioi in
the Morning i but, before theie went away, we faw two
more Canoes coming) therefore we ftood away to the
Nocthwanl from them, and then hy by again till Day.
We faw no more Boats this Night, neither defigned to fuf-
fer any more to conne aboard in the Dark. l^nuieaCktck
the next Morning, wc were got within a League of the
gre« Illand, but were kept off by violent Gufts of Wind.
25t On Martb 3. being about five Leagues to Leewud
of die g^tat Ifland, we law the Main-land a-head, and an-
other great high Ifland to the Leeward of us, Diftance
about jrven Leagues, for which W bore away « it is called
in the Dutch Draughts GarnU Dnm Ulc. It is about
fourteen <»■ fifteen Leagues round, high, and mountainous,
I and very woody. Some Trees appoutd very large and
tall i and die Bay, by the Se»Jide, abounded wiOi vety
largFCocoa-nut-trceSi where We alfo law fome fmall Houfes.
The Sides of the Mountains are thkk-fet with PhntatMMu i
I and the Mould, in die new-cleared Land, feemed to be of
I a bnown^eddifli Colour. This KUnd U full of Pwnts,
I fliootins into die Sea \ txtween Which are many fandy
I Bavs U\ of Cocoa-nut-trees. The Middle of die Ifland lies
Numb. 9.

in 3* 10' South Latitude I it is very populous} the Na-
tives are very black, ftrong, and well-limbed People,
hiviiig round Heads, dieir Hair curled and fliort, which
they ihave into feveral Forms, and dye it atfo of divers Co-
kiMTS, viK. Pedi White, and Yellow. They hove round
Fac9,^ widi brood Bottle-nofes, yet agreaibk enough, till
they (^gure them by Painting, aiw by wearing gKat
KiOg^ thraugh thdr Nofes, as big as a Man's Thiimb,
and about ibur Inches long i thele are run quite thitnigh
both Noftrils, one End running out by one Check-bone,
and die other End againft die odier, and their Nofes fo
ftretched, that only a ftnall Slip of them appears about the
Ornament : ,They have alfo. great Holes ui their Ean,
wherein they wev fuch Stuff as in their Nofes. They are
very dextrous, aftive Fellows in their Proes, which ate
very ingenioufly built : They are narrow and long, with
Outlayers on one Side ; the Head and Stem higher than
the reft, and adorned with manv Devices, viz. fome Fowl,
Fifli, or a Man's Hand painted or carved -, and though it
is but rudely, yet the RefemUance appears plainly, and
fliews an ingenious Fancy : But with wbat Inftrumentsthey
make their Procs, or dus kind of carved Work, I know
not I for they feem to be utterly unacquainted with Iron :
They had very neat Paddles, with which they manage
thdr Proes deztroufly, and make great Way through the
Watcf . Their Weapons are Lances, Swords, SIin«, and
fome Bows and Arrows : They have alfo woodert Hffgjgs
for fti^king Fifli. Thofe that came to aflault us in Slmgirt
Big/, ori the Main, arc in all.refpeAs like thefe ; and, I
believe, thefe are no lefs treacherous : Their Speech is clear
and diftinft i the Words they ufed moft when near U9, were
Vacoufte Aliamais ; and then they pointed to the Shore i
Their Signs of Friendfliip gre cither a great Truncheon, or
Bough ofa Tree, full of Leaves, put on their Heaids, often
ftrilung dieir Heads widi their Han^s.

26. The next Day, we had a plealant Gale of Wind,
whkh carried us under an high Iflaiid, very woody, and foil
of Plantations on the Defcents of its Mountains, and on
the'Shores of its Bays. This Ifland lies in the L«titude of
3* 25' South, and is diflant from the Meridian of Cape
A£i^ 316 Miles. On thp South-eaft Part of it are three
or four more fmall woody Iflands, one high and peeked^
the other low and flat, all tluck-planted with Cocoa-nut-trees,
and other Wood. On the North, there is another Ifland
of ao indifferent Height, and of a fomewhat Iai;ger Cir-
cumference than the great high Ifland laft-mentioned. We
paffed between this and the high Ifland i the high Ifland is
called in the Dtiicb Draughts Anthmf Cave'i Ifland } as
for the flat fow Ifland, and the other fmall one, it is pro-
bable they were never feen by the Dulcb, nor the Iflands
to the North of Garret Dems'i Ifland. As foon as we
came near Cave*s Ifland, fome Canoes came about us, and
made Signs for us to come afliore, as all the reft had done
before, probably thinking we could run the Shijp a-ground
any-where, as they did their Proes i for we law neither
Sail nor Anchor amoiigft any of them, though mofl: Eaft
Indims have both : Thofe had Proes made of one Tree,
well di^ with Outlayers on one Side ; they were but
fmall, yet well flu4>ed. We ^etvoured to anchor, but
found no Ground within a Mile of the Shore t We kept clofe
along the North Side, ftill founding till we cafl[ie to the
Nordi-eaft End, the Canoes ftill accompanying us, and the
Bays were covered with Men going along \ as we lailed,
many of them Ihove to fwim off to us, but we left them
a-ftern. The Current now driving in towards the flat Ifland,
we were followed by a Catwe from trot's Ifland :• To each
of thofe in it I save a Knife, a Loolung-glafs, and a String
of Beads. We iQiewed them Pompums and Cocoa-nuts, ind-
oiating, that we fhould be very well pleafed to have more
of them, which itiAandv produced three out of their Boat.
We next (hewed them Nutmegs \ and they, by their Signs,
eave us to underfbuid, that they had fuch growing on their
Uland. They were likewile ftiewed Gold-duft, which diey
knew, and cried out, Mannttll Maimttll pointing towards
the L4nd. Soon afbr diey were gone, two or three Cano^
came fnua the flat Ifland, and invited us thither. Thefe
Peo^ were black, with friciled Hair, tal!, lufty, well-
fhapra Men i they made the frsne Signs of Friendfliip,
and feemed to fpeak the fame language. Their Canoes

2X. were

126

The V OY AGES of

Book I.

»;u= '

1 '.'i

' r '.X

Verc very neatly made, tod finely carved, with the Figures
of various kinds of FiJh upon them •, «nd, of all the M:anj
we had ever fecn, thefe feemed the mod tr«aable and po-

27. We foon after faw another Wand, called in the
Diach Maps St. JohCs ; the People of which fppte the
fame Language with thofe of Cnis Illand. We faw
from hence an Head-land to the South of us, beyond wlMch
we could difcovcr no Land at all 1 whence I fuppofe, that
from thence the Ijnd trends away more Weftcrly. Thu
Head-land lies in the Latitude of 5' 2' South, and its Me-
ridian Diftancc from Cape Mabo is 1290 Miles t in the
Night we lay by, for fear of ovcrihooting tWs Head-land i
between wliich and Cape St. Mary's, the Land is moun-
tainous and woody, having many Points of Land flioot-
ing out into the Sea, which make fo many fine Bavs. The
Coaft lies North North-eaft and South South-weft. We
(mi neither Smokes nor Plantations near this Head-land,
which we opened fair by Night % and, as no Dntcb Charts
defcribcd this Coaft fo tar by ten Leagues, 1 called it Cape
St. George. It lies in 5* 5' South Latitude, and, as I faid,
is diftant firm the Meridian of Cape Mah 1 290 Miles. ^I
likewifernlled the Bay, formed by this Mountain, St. Gitrgfs
Bay, and the Illand before it St. Gttrges Ifland. The next
Morning we faw a burning Mountain up in the Country.
The Day atter, we palfcd by the Soudi-wcft Cape of this
Bay, leaving it to the North of us -, and, when we came
a-breflft of it, I called up my Officers, and named it Cape
Orfard, in Honour of my noble Patron Edward RugiK
Earl of Orf»rd. This Cane lies in 5° 24' South Latitude,
and 44. Miles Weft from the Meridian of Cape St. Ctorgi.
The Land on each Side of the Cape is more Savanna than
Wood-land ; and it is higheft on the North-weft Side.
The Cape itfelf is a Bluff-point, of an indifferent Height,
with' a flat Table-land at Top. When we were to the
Weft of the Cape, it apncarca to be a low Point, (hooting
out : There were many Inhabitants about it. We fteerea
along South-weft as the Land lies, keeping about fix
Leagues oS* the Shore, and being defirous to cut Wood,
and fill Water : If I faw any Conveniency, Hay by in the
Night, becaufe I would not mifs any Place pnvcr tor thofe
Ends, for fear of wanting fuch Ncccflaries. Tlus Coaft is
high and mounuunotis, and not fo thick fet with Trees as
that on the other Side of Cajx: Orferd^ but otherwife plea-
fant enough. I could have wiibcd for fome more favour-
able Opportunities than had hitherto ofltrrcd themfelvcs, as
well for penetrating into the Heart of the new difcovered
Country, as for opening a Trade with its Inhabitants, both
of which, I very well l:ricw, could they be brought about,
muft prove extremely beneficial to Great Britain. For this
Reafon 1 continued my Endeavours in fpite of fo many
Difappointments ( and, perceiving my Officers and Men
more traftabie and obedient than formerly, refolved to ex-
amine the Continent we had now in View, as minutely as
we had lately done the Iflands ; the Fruits of which In-
quiry, fiich as thry were, (hall be laid before the Reader
with the fame Tnkh and Sincerity, which, I hope, appear
confpicuoufty in the former Part of this Relation t for, tho'
Difcoverics be not in a Man's Power, yrt a candid Relation
of his Attemjyts, which b, may afltm) Lights to odicrs,
and thereby procure them dut Succefs, of wnich he failed.
a8. On March 14. we had Sicht ^ a pretty da-p Bay,
with fbmc Iflands about it, in which I judged we might
ride pretty lecurely, and meet alfo with fome Kefrcfhnicnts ;
for, by the Smokes we fiiw, it was very evident, that tlie
Country was full inhabited : About 10, we faw a Point,
which ran pretty fw oat into the Sea, and a Bay within,
where we were in hopes of meeting with frtlh Water ;
and our Hopes were greatly increafed, when, going with a
moderate Gale into the Bay, we difccmcd all the Marks of
a well-ailtivated Cmmtry, viz. Cocoamrs, regular Planta-
tions, and a confiilcrabic Number of Houfcs. When I
came within four or five Miles of the Shore, fix fmall Boats
came oft^ to view us, with about forty Men in them. Per-
ceiving that they would not come aboard, 1 maite Signs to
them to go afhore \ but they did not, or would not, under-
ftand me : Therefore I whittled a Shot over their Heads
out of my Fowling-piece ; and then they pulled .iway for
the Sliore as hard as they could. 'I'helc were no fooner

aftiore, btit we faw three Boats coming from the Ifland ti
Leeward of ust and they loon came within Call, for wt
by becalmed 1 one had about foity Men in her, and was
a large well-built Boat i the other two were but fmall. Not
long after, I faw another Boat coming out of that Ifay,
where I intended to go : She likewife was a large Boic[
with an high Head and Stem, painted, and full of Men.
This, I thought, came off to fight us, as probably theyaii
did ) therefiDn; 1 fired another fmall Shoe over the gnat
Boat that was nigh us, which made them uke to their Pad.
dies. We (fA\ lay becalmed -, and therefore they, rowing
wide of us, dircAed their Cotirle towards the ottirr grut
Boat that was coming off. When they were pretty iior
each other, I caufcd the Gunner ro fire a Gun between,
which he did very dextroufly \ it was laden with round
and Partridge-fhot \ the laft dropt in the Water fomewhat
fhort ci them, but the round Shot went between two Boot;,
and grazed about 100 Yards beyond them : This fj
frightened them, that they both rowed away for the Shwr
as nft as they could, without coming near each other \ md
the little Boats made the beft of their Way after them ; md
having a gentle Breeze at South South-eaft, we bore

now, _ _

into the Bay'aftcr them. When we came by the Point, I
faw a great Number of Men peeping firom under the
Rocks. I ordered a Shot to be firet) to (care them : The
Shot grazed between us and the Point \ and, mounting
again, flew over the Pdnt, and grazed a iecond time juit
by them. We were obliged to fail along juft by the Biyj •
and, feeing Multitudes under the Trees, I ordered a third
Gun to be fired among the Cocoa-nut-trees to fcare them;
for my Bufinefs being to wood and water, I thought it
necelFary to ftrike fome Terror into the Inhabitants, who
were very numerous, and, I had Realbn to fear, treacherous.
Aftxr this I fent my Boat to found •, they had firft forty,
and at laft twenty Fathom Water : We foIk>wed the Bo«t^
and came to Anchor about a Quarter of a Mile from the
Shore, in twenty-fix Fathom Water, fine black Sand and
Gufe. We rode right againft the Mouth of a fmall Ri
ver, where I hoped to fmd fi«fh Water. Some of the
Natives Ibnding upon a fmall Point at the River's Mouth,
I lent a fmall Shot over their Heads to fright them, whkh
it did cfieAually. In the Afternoon, I fent tny Boat aOiore
to the NMtcs, who ftood upon the Point by the KhrerN
Mouth, with a Prefcnt of Cocoa-nuts : When the Boat was
come near the Shore, they came running into the Water,
and put their Nuts into the Boat : Then I made .1 Sigiu
for the Boat ro come aboatxl, and fent both it and the Yawl
into the River to kx)k for frefti Water ; ordering the I'i
nace to lie near the River's Mouth, while the Yawl wtr
up to fearch. In an Hour's time, they returned aboarJ
with Barrecoes fiili of frefti Water, which they had tAm
about half a Mile up the River : After which, I lent their
again with Casks ; ordering one to fill Water, and the
other to watch the Motions of the Natives, left they
fhoukl make any Oppofition ; but they did not, and fo
the Boats returned a httle before Sun-fet with a Ton and 1
half of Water \ and the next Day, by Noon, broiigk
aboard abotjt fix Tons of Water.

23. 1 fent afhore Commodities to puixrhafc Hop,
Yams, and other Roots. But my Men returned without
any thing, the Natives being unwilling to trade with us ■,
yet they admired our Hatchets and Axes, but wouki \xi
with nothing but Cocoa-nuts, which they climb the 7'rees
for 1 and, fb foon as they gave tliem our Men, they
beckoned ro them to be gone, for they were afraid of m,
The i8th, I fent both Boats again for Water ; and, brt re
Noon, they filled all my Casks. In the Afternoon I lint
them ro cut Wood i but, feeing about forty Natives bind-
ing on the Bay, at a fmall Diffamce from our Men, I nude
a signal for them to cotne aixxird again \ which thry (!id,
and brought nw Word, that the Men were palfing thi
Way, but were afnud to come nigh them. At Iwjr
o'clock 1 fent both the Boats again for Wood, and the)
rctiffned in the Evening. Then I called my Officers, k
confuk, whether it were convenient to ftay here longer,
and endeavour a better Acquaintance with thcfc People
They all gavt their Opmions for fbying longer here. -"^
the next Day I fent both Boats afhore to fifh, and to cut
more Wood. While they were afhore, abtut thirty «

fen.

; Boats coming from the Ifland ti

y (bon came within Call, for n

iibout forty Men in her, and was

the other two were but fmall. Not

er Boat coming out of that Bay,

: She likewlfe was a large Boat,

Stem, painteil, and full of Men.

iff to fight us, as probably they all

mother fmall Shot o»er the great

which made them uke to their Pad-

Imed i and therefore they, rowing

-ir Coiirfe towards the other great

loff. When they were pretty near

le Gunner to fire a Gun between,

ittioufly » it was laden with round

« laft dropt in the Water fomewhat

round Shot went between two BoMj,

o Yards beyond them : This fo

they bodi rowed away for the Shorr

ithout coming near each other •, and

w beft of their Way after them i and

Brteze at South South-caft, we bon:

,, When we came by the Point, I

oS Men peeping from under the

hot to be fired to fcare them : The

us and the Point i and, mounting

Point, and grazed a fccond time juft

MiObA to fail along juft by the Bays,

s under the Trees, I ordered a thinl

ig the Cocoanut-trecs to fcare themi

ig to wood and water, I thought i;

ne Terror into the Inhabitants, who

ind, I had Rcafon to fear, trcache rouj.

Bott to found •, they had firft forty,

thorn Water: We followed the Bo.t,

dbout a Quarter of t Mile from the

Fadwm Water, fine black Sand and

tht againft the Mourfi of a fmall Ri

to find frefli Water. Some of the

n » fmall Point at the River's Mouth,

rer their Head* to fright them, which

, the Afternoon, I fent my Boat jftiort

ftood upon the Point by the Knren

tofCocot-nuts: When the Boat ra

, they came running into the Wstc.

ito the Boat -. Then I made a Sigiui

aboard, and fcnt both it and the Yawl

k for frefti Water i ordering the Pm

liver's Month, while the Yawl wm

Hour's time, they returned aboard

f frtfh Water, which they had takm

, the River : After which, I fcnt them

jidCTing one to fill Water, and the

Motions of the Natives, left they

moirition -. but they did not, and lo

ttk before Sun-fet with a 1 on are) i

the next Day, by Noon, broir^ht

Bof Water.

Commodities to purchafe Mop,
lots. But my Men returned withou'
res being unwilling to trade with cs, 1
r Hatchets and Axes, but wouki jin
coa-nuts, which they climb tiie 1 tw
as they gave them our Men, ihqf
be gone, for they were atmid of ih. ]
1 Boats again for Water •. and, bet rt
my Casks. In the Afternoon 1 1«
but, feeing about forty Natives ftand_
fmall Diftance from our Men, 1 nu*
cotne alx)ard again » which thry <!«!, I
wd, that the Men were palUng t.i
raid to come nigh them. At IjJ
the Boats again for Wootl, and tht)
ling. Then I caUed my Officers, k
were convenient to ftay here ongff
tter Acquaintance with thcfe 1 eoi'if
Opmions for ftaymg longer here. >« 1
both Boats afhore to tilh, and t" ^^^
they were alhore, abcut thirty «

Chap.I* Captain William IDAmpier.

forty Men and Women palTeil by » they were a little afraid
of our People at firll, but, upon tlicir making Signs of
Friendlhip, palTed quietly i the Men were drcffeJ very
fine with Feathers about their Heads, and Lances in their
Hands i the Women had no Ornament, or any thiog to
cover their Nakcdnefs, but a Bunch of green Boughs betore
and behind, ftuck under a Strings which came round their
Woilh ; they carried large Baskets on their Heails full of
Yams. And I have obfcrved, among all the wild Nations
I liavc known, that they make the Women carry the
Burdens while the Men walk before wnthout carrying any
other Lx)ad than their Arms. In the Afternoon I fent the
Boats alhore for Wood. Some of our Men going to the
Natives Houfcs, found they were now more Ihy than they
ufed to be, had taken down all the Cocoa-nuts from the
Trees, and driven away their Hogs : Our People made
Signs to them, to know what was become of their Hogs,
and other Things. The Nathres, pointing to fome Houfcs
at the Bottom of the Bay, and imitating the Noifc of thofe
Creatures, fignified, there were Hogs and Goats of fcveral
Sizes, wliich they exprefTcd by holding out their Hands at
fcveral Didaiices from the Ground.

30. At Night our Boats came aboard with Wood ; and
next Morning I went myfelf, with both Boats, up the
Kivtr, to the Watering-place, carrying with mc fuch
TriBes as I thought mou proper to induce them to a Com-
incrre with us : But I found they were very fhy. I faw
but two Men and a Buy : One of the Men, by fome Signs,
was p^rfuaded to come to the Boat's Side where I was : I
gave him a Knife, a String of Beads, and a Glala-bottlc \
the Fellow called out Cocoas, Cocoas, pointing to a Vil-
lage hard by \ and figniticd, that he would go for fome }
but he never returned. I took eight or nine Men with
me, and marched to their Houfrs, which I found very
mean, and their Doors made faft with Withes, the Inha-
bitants being all withdrawn out of Fear. I vificed three of
their Village' , and, finding the Houfet abandoned by the
Inhabitants I brought out fome fmall Filhing-ncts, in
Recompencc for thofe Things they had of us. As we
were coming away, we faw two of the Nativei \ I ihewed
them the Things that wc carried with us ^ and called to
them, Cocoas, Cocoas, to let them know, that I took
iliole I'hin^, bccaufc they had not made good what they
had promiied by their Signs, and by their calling out
Cocoas. While I was thus employed, tlie Men in the
Yawl filled two HoglheaJs witli Water, and all the Bar-
recoes. In die Afternoon I canne aboard, and fuund all
my Officers and Men very importunate to go to that Bay
where the Hogj were faid to be. 1 was loth to yield to
it, fearing they would deal too roughly with the Natives.
Ac lad I confented, fending diofe Commodities I had
alhore with mc in the Morning, and giving them a ftriit
Charge to aft cautioufly for their own Security. The Bay
I fcnt them to, was alxiut two Miles from the Ship. As
foon as they were gone, I got all things ready, that, if
tlitrc was Occafion, I niiglu aflift them with my great
^ua'!. When they came to land, the Natives appeared,
fhaking their Lances, .ind threatening them j and fome
Wire fo cLiring, as to wade into the Sea, liolding a Target
m one I laud, and a I jince in the odicr. Our Men held
lip fuch Commodities as I had fent, but to no Purpole j
tor du Natives waved them off. Seeing therefore they
tould not be prevailed upon, my Men, being refoived to
ha\e llmic I'rovilion among them, fired fome Muli^uets to
tare tluni away \ which had die defircd Efica upon all
I'ut two or three, who Aood Itill in a menaungPoflure, till
tJic Iwidert of them dropt his Target, and ran away, being
(liot ill the Ann. He, and fome others, felt the Smart of
oui- BuJLts j but none were killed, our Defign being rather
to Iriglit il).ui hurt them. Our Men landed, and found
abuiulanec ot tame Hogs rumiing amongft the Houfes.
'liicy (liot nuic, wiiich Siey brought away. They had but
little 1 iine i tor, m lefs titan an Hour after they went from
; tile Sliij), it l)cgan tu ram : Therefore they got wl it they
could into the Boats -, lor I had charged thenn to come
away, if it rained. By tlui time die Boat was aboard, and
the Hugs tiiken in, it cleared up, and my Men delired
j to make another Trip thither before Night : This was about
Ifivc in die I.vcning, ysnj I coiifentcd, giving them Order
I

»i7

to repair on board before Night. In the Clofe of the
Evening they returned with eight Hogs more, and a little
live Pig \ and, by this time, the other Hogs were jerked
and falted. Thefe that came lafl, wc only drefTcd and
corned till Morning, and then fent both Boat* afhore for
more Refrefhments, either of Hogs or Roots » but, in the
Night, the Natives had conveyed away thdr Ft'ovifions
of all Sorts. Many of them were now about the Houfes,
and none offered to hinder our Boats landing \ but, on the
contrary, were fb amicalile, that one Man brought ten or
twelve Cocoa-nuts, left them on the Shore, after he had
fhewed them to our Men, and went out of Sight. Our
People, finding nothing but Nets and Images, brought
them away \ diefe two of my Men brought in a ftmll
Canoe i and, prel'ently after, my Boats came off. \ ordered
the Boatfwain to take care of the Nets ^ the Imagpt I took
into my own CufVody.

3 1. I fent the Canoe in the Afternoon to the Place from
whence they brought her, and in her two Axes, two
Hatchets, (one of the helved; fix Knives, fix Looking-
glalTes, a large Bunch of Beads, and four Glafi-bottles.
Our Men drew the Canoe alhore, placed the Things to
the befl Advantage in her, and came off in the Pinnace I
fent to guard them : And now^ being well-flocked with
Wood, and all my Water-casks full, f refoived to fail the
next Morning. All the time of our Stay here we had very
fair Weather, only a Shower of Ram fometimes in the
Afternoon, wliich lailed not above an Hour at moft } alfo
fome Thunder and Lightning, with very little Wind. Wc
had Sea and 1 and-breezes, the former between the South
South-caft, and the latter from North-cafl to North-well*
lilts Place 1 named Port Atountague, in Honour of my
noble Patron. It lies in 60° 10' South Latitude, and me-
ridian Diftance from Cape St. Gtcrge 151 Miles Wefl.
The Country thereabouts is mountainous and woody, full
of rich Valleys, and pleafant frefh-water Brooks : The
Mould in the Valley is deep and yeliowifb, that on the Side
of the Hill of a very brown Colour, and not very deep, but
rocky undemeadi, yet excellent planting Land. The Trees,
in general, are neither very flrait, thick, nor tall ; yet ap-
pear green and pleafant enough } fome of them bore Flow-
en, fome Berries, and others big Fruits, but all unknown
to any of us. Cocoa-nut-trees thrive very well here, as
well on the Bays by the Sea- fide, as more jxmote among
the Plantations ; the Nuts are of an indifferent Size ; the
Milk and Kernel very tliick and pleafant. Here is Ginger*
Yams, and odier very gpod Roots for the Pot, that ouf
Men faw and tailed. What other Fruits or Roots the
Country affords, I know not. Here are Hogs and Dogs \
other Land-animals they faw none. The Fowls we law,
and knew, were Pigeons, Parrots, Cockadores, and Crows,
like thofe in Euglami, a fort of Birds about the Bignefs of
a Black-bird, and Imaller Birds many. The Sea and Ri-
vers have Plenty of Filh -, we liiw abundance, though we
catched but few •, and thefe were Cavcllies, Yellow tails,
and Whiprays.

32. We failed March 22. On the 34th in the Evening,
about ten o'clock, I was called out of my Cabin, where I
then lay much indiipofed, to fee what the Ship's Crew
called a Miracle : On the North-weft by Weft there ap-
peared a large Pillar of Fire, ftiooting gradually for three
or four Minutes } dien finking in the ume ome, till it was
fbarce vifible » then riling again, and blazing as before. I
knew it immediately to be a Vulcano, or burning Mountun,
and ftcered for it accordingly. On the 25th of the fame
Mondi in the Evening, we found ourfelves widiin three
Le^ues of the Illand, in wliich this burning Mountain was,
and about two Leagues from the Cpntinent. There was a
good Chanel to pals between them -, and I kept nearer the
Main than the IQand. About fevcn in the Evening I found-
ed, and had fifty-two Fatiiom, fine Sand and Ouie. I flood
to the Northward, to get clear of this Streigltt, having but
little Wind, and fair Weather. The Iftand all Nigltt vo-
miwd Fire and Smoke j and, at every Explofion, we heard
a dreadful Noife, like Thunder; and faw a Flame of Fire
after it, the moft terrifying tiiat ever I beheld. The Intcr-
vab between thcfi: l^'.xplofions were about half a Minute,
fome more, others Icfs : Neither were tlieic Pulfes or Eru-
ptions alike i for fome were but faint Convulllons, in com-

■ , parifon

128

ThWOYAGESof

Book I.

: m '*

■a ■ . i W

> >'■

pafifon rf the more Vigorous : Yet cvm the weakeft vented
u great deal of Fire i but the Urgeft irwde a roaring Noifc,
and bat up a <arge Flame twenty or thirty Yards high»
and thei«tidght be lecn a meat Stream of Fire running dowj
«o the Foot of the Ifland, even to the Shore. From the
Furrows made' by this defixnding Fht, we could, in the
Uay-ttttw, fee great Smokes ariie, wHch probably were
made hy the (iiMnirous Matter thrown out of the Funnel at
th« lV>p, which, tumbling down to the Bottom, and there
lying in an Heap, burned, tJl it was either confumed or
vxtinguiflied » and lb long as it burnt, and kept itt Heat,
fo fens the Smoke afcended from it, which we pcrCnved to
increafc or decreafc, according to the Quantity of Mttter
ditcharged from the Funnel. But the next Night, b«ng Ihot
to the Weftward of the burning Ifland, and the F\innd of
it lying on the South Side, we could not difcem the Fire
there, as we did the Smoke in the Day, when we wtre to
the Southward of it. This Vulcano lies in tlie Latitude of
5* 33' South, and its meridian Diftance fixim Cape St.
<?/#»»# is 33a Mifcs Weft. The Eaft Part ot Mrw Ct«ary
lies forty Miles to the Weft of this Traft of Land t and,
in moft of the Charts, they are laid down as contiguous j
but I found a large Palfiige between them, calling the North-
eaft Promontory offftw Suimy, Kii^ fTiUiam's Q^\ and,
when I had perfcdly difcorered the Ifland, I called it Nova
BrHamia. It lies from i* 30' to 6» 30 South Latituie,
and has about 5° 1 8' Longitude. It appears to be, for the
moft part, high Land, mixed with Valleys, ami every-
where abounding with large and ftatcly Trees. The IfJand
fcems to be very folly inhabited by a Race of ftrong, well-
made Negroes, with whom I could enter into no Corrc-
ipondence, bccaufc my Pinnace was in fuch a Condition,
that we could not fafeiy make ufe of it to go on fliore. I
likewise dlftovered another Ifland, about eleven or twelve
Leagues long, which I called Sir Gter^t Rotkt's IJkind\
and not k>ng after another, which, from its Form, I named
Crnm Jfivd \ and, to the North-weft of that, we dif-
cemed a ftill larger Ifle, which I called Sir Rthtrt Rich's
Iflmd. On jifril 2. we dilcovered another burning Ifland,
and foon after muiy other Iflands, amongft which we difco-
vered three Veflcis with &uls \ a thing unufual, and which
we had never fcen before, fince we were upon thefe Coafts.
On jlpril 12. the Sky, at Sun-rifing, loolced very red in
the Eaft, near the Horizon ; and there were many black
Clouds both to the South and North of it. About a quar-
ter of an Hour after the Sun was up, there was a Squall to
the Windward of us, when, on a fudden, one of our Men
on the Forccaftle called out, that he fiiw fomething a-ftem ;
but could not tell what. I k)oked out for it, and immedi-
ately faw a Spout beginning to work within a quarter of a
Mile of us, cxaAly in the Wind. We prefcntly put right
before it. It came very fvnft, wturling the Water up in a
Pillar, about fix or fcven Yards high. As yet I could not
fee any penduknis Cloud, from whence it might come, and
was in hopes it wouM foon k>fe its Force. In four or five
Mmutes time, it came within a Cable's Length of us, and
pafled away to Lecwanl •, and then I fiw a long pale Stream
coming doNvn to the whirling Water. This Stream was
abotit the Bigncfs of a Rainbow. The upper End Icemcd
vaftiy high, not defcending fi jir> any dark Cloud j and
therefore the more ftrange to me, as I never had feen the
like brforc. It palTed aSoiit a Mile to Leeward of us, and
then broke. This was but a fmall Spout, not ftrong, nor
Idling i yet I perceived much Wind iri it, as it pamd by
us. The Current ftill continued at North-weft, a little
Weftcrly, which I allowed to run a Mile^n* Hour. I guefled
from hence, that the Land is disjoined here •, and that diere
is a Paflagc to the Southward.

33. We were now returning, and therefore I fluH be
fliorter in my Accounts. On the 26th, we (aw the Ifland
of Ceram, and endeavoured to pafs between it and the
in.-uid of Benae \ but could not. We then made die Ifland
of Bmro, where we met with a Cbineji Vcflcl, which, thro'
a Miftake, gave us a good deal of Trouble i for, about
eight at Night, flie came dofe by us on our Weather-fide •,
wnich occalioned our getting all our Guns rcatly. Matches
lighted, and Small-anns upon the Quarter-deck ; but Ihe
ftanding one Way, and we another, wc were foon far

enough afimder. At ten the next Morning, having liftlc
Wind, I fcnt the Yawl aboard of her. She was laden with
Rice, Arrack, Tea, Porcehmc, and other Commodities,
bound for jMtyn*. The Commander fdd, that his Boat
was gone afliore for Water t and afked our Men, if they
faw her i for flie had b<en mifling two or three Days, and
they knew not what was become of her. They had their
Wives and ChiUren aboard, and probtbly came to fctde at
fome new Dutch Faftory. The Commander tUb Informed
us, that the Ditch had lately fettled at AttttJt^ Mnippc,
Buuty and on a Pbint of Ctrm. The next Day, we pafled
between Ktlhn and Btiirt. After this, we had, for ieveral
Days, an high-rolKng Sea, occafioned more by « Current,
than Wind, which carried us five-and-twenty Miles to the
SouriiofourtrueCourie. We were now on the Coafts of a
known Country t and therefore I refolved to take the firft
Opportunity diat oftcred of putting into Port, in order tn
procure ftich Neceflaries as I wanted, and for the nuking tlw
Kepain requifitc in my Ship, which, by being/o long out,
was now become very foul and crazy, tho* we dkl not, at
chat time, fufpeAher being in fo rotten and ruinous aCondi-
tion, as we afterwards found her ( neither was it long Ix:-
fore we met with the Opportunity we wiftied for.

J 4. On die 1 4th, we difcovered the Ifland Mifacombj;
, the next Day, failed akmg to the Weft, on the North
Side of the Ifland. In fome Charts it is called Omha, a
mountainous Ifland, diverfided with Woods and Savanna;,
about twenty Leagues kmg, and five or Tix broad. We faw
no Signs of Inhabionts on it. We fell in ncaivft to the \Vr(l
Knd of it, and therefore I chofe to pafs on, intending to get
through to the Southward between this and the next Ifle" a
the Weft of it, or between any other two Iflands to the
Weft, where 1 fliouk) find the dcareft PaflTase, bccaure the
Wjnds were now at North-eaft, and Eaft North eaft, and
the Mr lies nearly Eaft and Wcftj fo diat, if the Windi
continued, I might be a long time in getting to the Eaft
End of it, which yet 1 knew to be the theoeftPafTage. After-
noon, being near the End of the Ifle Ptntan^ which lies
Weft from Mifatomky, wr faw many Houfes and Plantations
in the Country, and abundance of Cocoa-nut-trees growing
by the Sea-fide. We alfo faw feveral Boats (idling crois a
Bay or Chanel at the Weft End of Mifaem^^ between it
and Pentare. We had but little Wmd, and that at North,
which btews right in, with a Swell -, wherefore I was afraid
to venture in, tho' probably there might have been good
Anchoring, and a means of aajuiring a Commerce with the
Natives. I continued fteering to the Weft, becaufc, th«
Night before at Sun-fetting, I (aw a fmall, round, high
Illand to the Weft of Pentartt where I expefted a good
Paflagc. We could not that Day reach the Weft End cf
PtHtare ; but (aw a deep Bay to the Weft of us, where, I
thought, there might be a Pafliige duough between Ptntm
and Lauhana i but the Lands were ftiut within one another,
fo that wc could not fee any Paflage. I onjered thorn to
fad fcven League* more Wefteriy, and lie-by till next Dav,
In the Morning, wc k)oked out for an Opening \ but rouki
fee none: Yet, by the Diftance and Bearing of an high
round Ifland, called Pttoro^ we were got to die Weft of
the Opening) but not fju- from it. I therefore tacked, and
flood to the Eaft j and the rather becaule I had Reafon r-i
fuppofe this to be the Pafliige I came duough in the C>/
w/, mentioned in my Voyage round the World , but I to
not yet fure of it, becaufc we had rainy Weather \ fo ths
wc codd not now fee the Land fo well as we did diea W'
accklentally faw the Opening at our firft falling in with t!z
Iflands, which now was a Work of Time and Diffinilty to
difcovcr ; However, before ten o'Clock, we Ciw theOpfr
ing. The Wind was .South South-weft, and wc plied to
get rhrou^ before Night \ for we found a gooti Tiac hclfv
ing us to the South. About (even or eight Leagues W xi
o| us, we ftw an high, roimd, peaked Mountain, from Ji:
Top of wluch a Smoke fecmed to alcend, as from a \ '«
cano. There were three other very high peaked Mojn
tains, two on the Eaft, and one on the Weft ol that wh::k I
fmoked. It was twelve at Night before we got clear oi t«o |
other fmafl Iflands j and diere we had a very violent T;
retting ui through agunft a briflt Gale of Wind. When « I
were through, we continuevl our Comk for 7Vm<r, in Siv^

221!, U-twet-n tight

Chap. I. Captain W i l l i a m D a m p i k u. up

of which wc came on May 18. On June 23, wc faw the cad haJf North, Diftancc two Miles. As loon as wi; an-
.Strcithts of Sunda \ and, towanls the latter l-lnd of the cliorcd, I ordered the Gunner to clear his Powder-room,
Month, wc arrived fafely in the Road of Balavia. that wc might there ftarch for tlie Ixak, and endeavour to

1 -. 1 ([M iit Balavia upwards of three Months, where ftop within-boani, ii it was |)(i(Tlble i for we could not heel

iV , 1-l.cl: 1 ,;,.,! „„,! nf»-,-,.„„i. »„..«,i the Ship fo low, it being Within four Streaks of the Keel J

neither was there any convenient Place to hale her alliorr.
I ordered the Boatfwain to alTift the Gunner -, and, by ten
o'Clcxrk, the i'owder-room was clear. The Carpenter's
Mate, Gunner, and Boatfwain, went down i and, foon after,

_ .1 followed them myfelf, and alked them. Whether they

mittcd great Depredations on the Coaft, and particu- could come at the Leak ? They faid, they believed they

I firil orilcrtd the Ship to be rcpaireil, and afterwards found
it ntcclTary to careen her ; for which I'urpofe I hired Vtf-
fcls to take in our Guns, Ballall, I'rovifions, and Stores.
\Vhil<-" *c '*y ^"'^' **^ '"•'"^ fcvcral Reports in relation to
our Ml" of ^Var, that were cruiling on the Coaft of India-,
.iiui there was murli Difcourfe likewife of Pirates, who had
rommittcd great f

lorly in tlic Strcights of Malacca. 1 did not hear of any
Ships ft'it out to reduce them. At my firft coming in, I
iud been told, that two Ships had been fent from Miayna
inqucft ot me, which was quickly confirmed by one of the
Skipiiers, whom I, by Accident, met with here. He told
me, they had three Prottfts againft me ; that they came to
P«/fl Uhuia, on the Coaft of iVca; Guiney, twenty-eight
Days after my Departure thence ; and went as far as Scou-
tcn\ liland, and, hearing no furtiicr News of me, returned.
SomethiPRlikcwifetothisPurpofe Mr. A/wry, Commander
of the Fleet Frigate, told me at my firft Arrival here-, and
that the General at Balavia had a Copy of my CommilTion
and Inftruftions ; but I looked upon it as a very improbable
thing. However it was, I did not give myfelf much Trouble
about thefe things, knowing well, that the better they were
acquainted with the Authority by which I was protcfted,
the l.fs ready they would be to offer me any Injury. The
Dutch, during the Time we lay here, came to a Refulution
of llnding three .Ships fcwncr to Europe than was uliial.
The Day tixcd tor their failing was the fixteentii oiOiiober,
ami 1 took all proper Precautions to be ready to fail about
the fame time they did. Accordingly, on the 17th of the
fame Month, at half an Hour after fix in the Morning, I
failed from Balavia, having the Advantage of a fair Wind
at South ; fo that, on the 19th about Noon, I fetched up
the three Dutch Ships before-mentioned. November 29.
in the Morning, wc faw a fmall Hawk flying about the
.Ship, till it was quite tired. Then ftie rcfted on the Mizcn-
toplail-yard, where wc caught her. It is probable flie was
lluwn off from Madagafcar by the violent Northerly
Winds, that bi.lng the nigheft Land to ul;, tho' dlftant
mar 1 30 1 .eagucs. i')cccmter p. we arrived at Cape Good
Hope, and ik parted again on January 11. 1 70 1 . About
the KikI of the Month, we law abundance of Weeds or
lilubbcr fwim by as ; for I cannot determine which. It was
all (if one Shape and Colour. As they floated on the Water,
tlvy fccmcd to be of the Breadth of the Palm of a Man's
llaiul, I'picad out round into many Branches, about the
Bis^ncis of a Man's Finger. They had, in the Middle, a
little Knob, no bigger than the Top of a Man's Thumb.
They were ot a diilky Colour ; anci, as they fwam in the
Water, did not appear to be ftronger than a kind of Jelly.
Thefe fort of things are frequent in thofe Seas, and indeed
in nioft Parts of the JLjJI Indies. Sharks are not very com-
mon here i yet fome 1 have lecn, particularly off the Illand
of Timor. In my Return, 1 faw one under the Stern of our
Ship, which was, beyond Comparifon, the largeft that ever
1 beheld •, and all my Crew were of the fame Opinion.
Our Ship, after all the Care that had been taken, appeared
to be ftill leaky ■, but wc were in hopes of meeting with an
Opportunity at St. Helena to diftover the Caufe of our Mif-
lortune, and to find fome Means to remedy it : In which,
however, wc were tiifappointed, tho* as much Care was
taken by the fuperior Officers, as it was poffiblc for Men to
take ill their Stations.

■i,C,. I'cbruary 2. we anchored in St. Helena Road; and
failed again trom thence on the 13th. On the 21ft, we
made the Itlatul of Jfienfion, and ftood in towards it. The
2:il, Utwcen eight antl nine o'clock, we fprung a Leak,
wiiieli increal'ed, fo that the Chain-pump could not keep
the Ship free , whereupon I let the Hand-pump to work
alio, and, by ten o'clock, fucked her : Then wore the
Ship, and llootl to the Southward, to try if that would eafc
lift i and then the Chain-pump juft kept her free. At five
the next Morning, wc made Sail, and ftoml in for the
Bay, and, at nine, anchored in ten Fathom and an half,
fandy Ground.

The South Point bore South South-weft,
Dillance two Miles; and the North Point of the Bay North- -which gave mc lomc hope of Hiving the Ship,
Nlmb. g. r 2 I.

might, by cutting the Cieling. I told the Carpenter's Mate,
who was the only Pcrfon in the Ship, that underftood any
thing of Carpenters Work, that, if he thought he could
come at the Leak by cutting the Cieling, without weaken-
ing the Ship, he might do it \ for he had ftoppcd one
Leak fo before \ which, tho' not fo big as this, yet, having
fecn them both, I thyjght he might as well do this, as the
other : W herefore I left him to do his beft. The Cieling be-
ing cut, they could not come at the Leak •, for it was againft
one of the F'oothook-timbers, which, the Carpenter's Mate
laid, he muft firft cut, before it could be ftopped. I went
down again to fee it, and found the Water to come in very
violently. I told them, I had never known any fuch thing
as cutting Timbers to ftop Leaks; but if they, who ought
to be the bcft Judges in fuch Cafes, thought they could do
any Good, I bid them ufc their utmoft Care and Diligence,
promifing the Carpenter's Mate, that I would always be a
Frienil to him, if he could and would ftop it. He faid, by
four o'clock in the Afternoon he would make all well, it
being then about eleven in the Forenoon. In the Afternoon,
my Men were all employed in pumping with both Pumps,
except fuch as aflifted the Carpenter's Mate. About one
in the Afternoon 1 went down again •, and the Carpenter's
Mate was cutting the Alter-part of the Timber over the
Leak. .Somr laid, it was belt to cut the Timber away at
once. I bid them hold their Tongues, and let the Carpen-
ter'y Mate alone j for he knew beft, and I hoped he would
do his utmoft to ftop the Leak. I defircd him to get every
thing ready tor Hopping the Violence of the Water, before
he cut any fartiier, tor Tear it Ihould overpower us at once.
I had ordered the Carpenter to bring all the Oakam he had,
and the Boatfwain to bring all the wafte Cloaths, to ftuff in
ujxin Occafion \ and had, for the fame Purpofe, fent down
my own Bed-cloaths. The Carpenter's Mate faid, he
fliould want (hort Stanchons to be placed fo, that die upper
Part fliould touch the Deck, and the under Part reft on
what w.v> laid over the Leak \ and prefently took a Length
for them. I afked the Mafter Carpenter what he thought
beft to be done. I le replied, till the Leak was all open, he
could not tell. Then ne went away to make a Stanchon ;
but it was too long, I ordered him to make many of fe-
venil Lengths, that wc might not want of any Size : So,
once more dcliring the Carjwnt^r's Mate to ufe his utmoft
Endeavours, I went up, K aving the Boatfwain and fome
others there. About live o'Clock, the Boatfwain came to
me, and told me, the Leak was increafed ■, and that it was
impoffible to keep the Ship above Water, when I expeft-
ed, on the contrary, to have had the News of the Leak's
being ftopped. 1 prefently went down, and found the
Timber cut away \ but nothing in Readinefs to ftop the
F'orce of the Water from coming in. I aflced them. Why
they wouki cut the limber, before they had got all things
in Readinefs } The Carpenter's Mate anfwered, they could
do nothing till the Timber was cut, that he might take Di-
menfions of the Place ; and that there was a Chalk he had
lined out preparing by the Carpenter's Boy. I ordered
them, in the mean time, to ftop in Oakam, and fome Pieces
of Beef i which was accordingly done : But all to little
Purpofe 1 for now the Water gulhed in with fuch Violence,
notwithftanding all our Endeavours to check it, that it flew
in over the Cielinu, and, for want of Paflage out of the
Room, overflowed it above two Feet deep. I ordered the
Bulkhead to be cut Open, to give Paffage to the Water,
that it might drain out of the Room •, and withal ordered
to clear away abaft the Bulkhead, that we might bale ; fo
that now wc had both Pumps going, and as many baling
as could \ and, by this means, the Water began to decreafe,

I alkcdthe
Car-

■;. - :\ ■

Carpr ntirN Miff, What hr thntight of it ? He anfw. rri!,
Fear not •, I. r, by u n o'CI.h k at Nigl.t, I'll engage to lloj)
the Leak. I went tiom him with a very heavy Heart i
but, putting a gooii Countenance upon the Matter, en-
couraged my Mtn, who pumped and baled very brilkly ;
and, when I faw Occalion, I give them Tome Drams to
comfort them. About ckven ./Cloi k at Night, the Ik.at-
fwaincamc tome, and told me, that th-- 1 ,eak ftill mcrealciU
ami that the Plank was fo rotten, it broke away like Dirt i
and that now it was imiH>niblet(i fivc the Ship-, for they
couk! not come at the Leak, Ixraiile the Water in the
Room was got above it. The red of the Night we fpent
in pumpin[^ and baling. 1 worked myfeif, to encourage
my Men, who were very diligent i but the Water Hill
increatcd, and we now thought of n<ithing but fixing our
Lives : Wherefore I hoided out the Boat, that, if the Ship
fhould fink, we might be fived i and, in the Morning,
we W( ij^lied < ur Ar.tlior, and warped in nearer the Shore,
tht)' we did but liitic Gooil.

37. In the Afternoon, with the Help of a Sea Breeze,
I ran into fcv( n Fathom, and anchored ; then carried a
fmall Anchor adiore, and warped in, till I came within
three I'athom and .in half ; where, having faftencd her, I
made a Kaft to carry the Mens Cherts and Betiding alhorr,
and before eight at Night moft ot them were afhorc. In
the Morning, I ortlcreil the Sails to be unlicnt to make
Tents, and then myfeif antl Officers went alhorc. I liad
frnt alhore a Puncheon, and a thirty-fix Gallon Calk of
Water, with txic Bag of Rice, for our rommon Ufe ; but
great I'art of it was llolen away betbre I came alhore, and
many of my Books and Papcis loll. On the 26th follow-
ing, wc, to our great Comfort, found a .Spring of frrfh Wa-
tr", about eight Miles from our Tents lieyond a very high
Mountain, whicli we were f )rcal to pals over ; fo that now
we were, by Goil's Providence, in a Contlition of fubfiftmg
for fom.- tim:-, having veiy gofxl Turtle by mir Tents, and
Water for the ft tching. The next Pay 1 wenr up 10 fee
the Watering-place, accompanied with moft of my 0;]i-
cers. Wc lay by the Way all Nighf, and the next Morn-
ing eaily got thither, where we tound a very fine Spring
on the South-raft Side of the high Mountain, about half a
Mile from its Top •, but the continual Fogs make- it fo
cold here, that it is very unwholfome living by the W.iter.
Near this J lace are abundance of Goats ami Land-crabj.
About two Miles South-raft from the Spring, we found
three or four Shrub-trees, upon one ot which was cut an
Anchor and Cable, and the Year 1642 : About half a
Furlong from thefe, wc found a convenient Place for (hel-
tering Men in any Weather : Hither many of our Men re-
forted, the hollow Rocks affording convenient Lodging.
TheGoits, Land-crabs, Men-of-war-birds, and Boobies, arc
good Food, and the .'\ir proved here exceeding wholfome.
About a Week after our coming alhore, our Man, that
lived at this m w Habitation, faw two Ships making to-
wanls the IHand -, bctore Night they brought me the New.!; •,
and I ordered them to turn about a Score of Turtle'; for
thefe Ships, if they ftiould touch here ; but, before Morn-
ing, they were out of Sighr, and the Turtles were rclcal'ed
again. Here wc continued, without any other Ship, till
April 2. when we Taw eleven Sail to Windward of the
Ifland 1 but they likcwifc paflcd by. The Day afrer, ap-
peared four Sail, which came to anchor in this Bay. They
were, his Majcfty's Ships the Aitglffey, Haftingi, and Lizard,
and the Canterbury Eaft India Ship. 1 went on board of
the AngUfey^ with about thirty-five of my Men ; and the
reft were dilpofed of into the other two Men of War.

38. After this happy F.fcape, we Idt the Ifland of Men-
fion on March 8. and arrived fifely at Barbados on May 8.

1 70 1 . Thro* the Defire I had of rcttiming to England, and
to vindicate my Character, which, I knew, mull fulfer grcatl v
from the unlucky Accident that had befallen me, I took
the firlt Opportunity that ofttred of returning in the Canter-
kury EaJi-India-imm ; in which Pailagc I met with nothing

The V O Y A (. E S of

I'Ook I.

material. The lame t arneft Defire to c!e.ir up Miftakcs tn
do mylrlf Juftice in the Opinion of the World, and to lit
the Difcoveries made in this unfortunate Voyage m thnr
proper Light, that it may be of Ufe to the World, how
unlucky focver it proved to me, is the Rcafon that induml
me to publilh it -, and I perfuadc myfeif, that fuch as are
proper Judges of thefe fort of Performances, will allow, that
1 have dehvered many things new in themfelves, capable of
affording much Inftruftion to fuch as meditate future V)\(.
coveries, and which, in other refiicdts, may be of grut
Utility to the prefent Age, and to Pofterity.

39. The great Length of this Voyage obliges me to be
very Ihort Tn my Remarks, whicli I (hall therefore confine
to a frW important Heads, and leave the reft to the Pctir
tration of the Reader. In the firit Place, I Ihall take no
tice, that this Voyage is not only a proper Supplement, but
a moll authentic Voucher for the Truth of many Pafljgi,
in the laft, fin<e Captain Dampier verified to the Oll'.cirs
anil Comp;my, in this F.xpi-dition, the Difcoveries which he
infirted to have madf when Lift at Sea ; and this Telliniony
of his Veracity ought to affortl the greater Degree ot L V
dif to what ftill relts upon his fingic Authority. In thecv
Place, I mull dcfire tlic Reader to remark, that how unl( :
tunate focver this Voyage might be, and however lliort it
might fall of what Dampitr hat! promifrd to his Patrons at
the Time of undertaking it -, yet, as the Author has V( ry
jurtly oblerved, it was, in itlt-lt, of very great Confcquimc.
It has Ihewn us a new Indies, in which, whenever tli.it Sj
rit of Induftry ftiall revive, which firft extended, and th n
tlhblilhed our Commerce, wc may be able to imdcrt.iki:
Settlements as advantageous, as any that have been liitln rtn
matle by this or any other Nation. Thefe Setilenin:;
mi}',ht be made, without giving any Offence to our Neii;!,
bours ; for it never can b«' preilimcil, that our politiui!
Views in Euroj<t ought to n'ftrain us from profecuting D:l
coveries in the Eaft or IVeJl Indies, for the Inlargemcnt 0:
our Trade, notwithftanding that fuch an Inlargemcnt mv^.v,
not be agreeable to fome of our Allies. Wc have dill:-
vered, in the Profecution of former Wars, but efpK ul,^
fince the breaking out of the laft War with Spain, that w;
cannot make any Conquefts for the Benefit of our Coir-
mcrce, without excitmg Jealoirfics in all our Neighbours ;
which ought to induce us to the moft vigorous Profeeiiixn
ot thole Difcoveries, at which they have no Right, and on
account of which they have no Reafon to take the Icaft I'm-
biage. The Relations given us by Captain Dampier .agree 1 >
cx.iif\ly with thofc formerly given by m ^iros, le Maire, .mJ
other Difcoverers, that wc cannot entertain the leall Doubt
of the Pollihility of finding, in the Southern Part of the
Globe, Countries worth our looking .after : And indeed,
if there were no other Merit in this Voyage, this alor::
would be fufficicnt to rc-commcnd it to our tftecin, th.it it
has removetl for ever thofe Sufpicions, that were eiitertaiiicJ
of the .Accounts formerly given of thofc Countries. It may
not be amifs to conclude thefe Rcflcdlions, by putting t.'.;
Reader in mind of the many Advantages, that vilibly rclui!
from the Manner, in which this Hiftory ofCircum-iuvip-
tions I1.1S been digcftetl, fince it is impoftiblc for him not t)
dilccm, that cvi ry fucceeding Voyage gives Light to t .i*
former, and, by adiling to the Difcoveries already madt
vaft Continents, and innumerable Illands, heretoloi;- i.
known, enables us to make fo true a Judgment of whit i
yet to be pcrtormed towards attaining the jK-rfcct Ki ow
ledge of the whole Globe, that a better Method th.in ihis
cannot Ix" devifed for the Encouragement and I-"iirthcr.ir.i.;
ot that lort ot Knowledge, which b, of all others, the vrwt
ufeful and fatisfa^f ory, and, with refpcft to which, this nay
be confidercd as a new .\ttcmpt, (ince what has hitherto Ixn
done in this Way by Edtn, Hackluit, Purchas, and < :! -
Writers, fcrvcs rather to (hew us what was wanting to ('x':.
an Hiftory, and to demonftrate its Ufefulncfs, than n
afford the intelligent Perufcr a folid and regular hyftini .:
fuch Difcoverict, even to the Times in which they wrote.

.•; E C T I >

Chap. I. Captain William Fvnnell.

131

SECTION XV.

*thef^oyo^e of William Funnell round the Worlds at Mate to Captain William

D A M P I E R.

I, JntroduSlion, containing the Retifhnt viby tbit Voyage ought to bt attributed rather to Mr. Funnell, than
' to Captain Dumpier, a. The Motives to tbit Expedition, and the Force of the Sbipf which were origi-
nalh fitted out. 3. The Advantages expelted from this extraordinary Undertaking. 4. The St. George
fails /rom the Downs, April 7. 1709. and proceeds to the Cape dc Vcrd IJlands. j. Projkutes her
'y mage thence /o Cape Horn. 6. Arrive at the Ifland of Jam FcrmnAcz, and rej'refj there. 7. Com-
ptlkii to quit that Coafi, and leave Jive Men, and all their Stores, on that IJland. 8. Again unlucky in
attempting the fame Ship, which occaftoned their former Misfortune. 9. Tl^e IJland of Gallo, and its
rroJuilions, dtj'cribed. 10. Captain Dampier, in the St. George, parts from Captain Stradling, iii the
Cinquc-prts. 1 1. Oi/tain exaSt Intelligence of the Preparations made againji them by the Spuniards.
ij. Account of the River of St. Ugo, and the Alligators found there. 13. Attacked by a Sp.iniih Miin
of War, fitted out to take them. 14.. The Country about the Bay of St. Matthew defer ibed, with its Pro-
duilionii If. Mr. Clippington (Clipperton) Captain Dampicr'i chief Mate, leaves him. \6. De-
fcription of the Middle Iflands, and their Produce. 17. Account of Shell-Jijh on that Coall. 18. Take
a Ship, commanded by a S\\m\\ivA brought up iVi England. 19. Attack the MinxWa. Ship, and are beat
off. JO. Mr. Funnell, with mojl of the Ship's Company, leave Captain Dampier. 21. Sail from the Gulphof
Ainapalla /or /Z»f Eiillln lies. 32. Occurrences in their Foyage toward the Lahone IJlands. 23. Hard-
Jhips fuff'ered in this Pa/fage. 24. DeJ'cription of the IJland Magon, and its Inhabitants. 2 y. Arrive
on the CA)i[f} of New Guincy. 26. DeJcriptionoJ' the Iflands Deceit and Dilappointment. 27. Other
new Iflands dij'covered and defcribed. 28. Their Arrival at //ic Dutch Settlement of Manipa. 29. Sail
in the mojl miferable Condition for Amboyn-d. 30. Arrival there, and the cruel Ufage 0/ //r Dutch.
31. The Ifland of Amboyna particularly defcribed. 3 J. Sent Prijbners /« <j Dutch VeJ/el to Batavia.
33. Bafe Pradlices of the Dutch, in order to monopolize Trade. 34. Their Reception at Batavia.
3f. Obfervations made there. 36. Arrival at the Cape of Good Hope. 37. Occurrences in their
Voyage home. 38. Difference oj H''eatber in North and South Latitudes. 39. Author's fafe Arrival in
England, Augull 26. 1706. 40. Some Account oJ the Jeveral Perfons mentioned in this Expedition.
41. Remarks upon the IVbole. . .,

I, '"■ ^ H I S Voyage has ufually paflcd under the Name
I of Caouin William Dampier \ but, as he pro-
Ji. cecdcd only to die South Seas, and the Cir-
cumnavigation was intiivly jicrformed by Mr. William
Funnill, I thought it more proper, that his Name Ihould
ftaiiil in the Title than that of Dampier\ with whom, in
this Voyage, we have much Icfs to do. Thus much, how-
ever, is in Juftice due to Captain William Dampier, that it
was upon his Credit, and in F.xpcftation of his being able
to ilo great Matters in the Spanijh Wejt Indies, that thefe
Sliips were fitted out, and this Expedition undertaken -,
which ihcws, Uiat the Misfortune tie met with in the
Rotbuik, had not affcfted his Character with '"v: Mer-
chants, who, to be furc, were the propcreft Judj ': ;i this
Matter. The Puinc they aimed at was Plunder, ither
than Difcovcry •, ant.1 yet diere is fomcthing very remark-
able in this Voyage in that way \ and the unknown Illands
which Mr. Funuell met with in his PalTage from the South
Seas to the Eajl Indies, are the Ihongcll Confirmation of
wiiat tormcr Difcovears have reported, as to large, well-
culiivated, and populous Countries, in thofe Parts. It muft
likcwilt be acknowledged, that Funnell's Voyages, though
they arc recounted with the greateil Appearance of .Sin-
cerity and Simplicity, yet arc better digelled, and may be,
confcquently, read with more Satisfaiflion, tlian Dampier' s ;
probably, bccaufe he had but one Point in View, viz. that
of giving his Readers a fair and agreeable Account of his
Adventures.

2, It muft be oliferved, that this F.xpe<lition was under-
t.ikcn in the Beginning of the laft general War, when
mighty txpcftaticms were railird of pcitorming great I.Xt
ploits againll die Upaniiirds, who, of a fiidden, from being
oiir fall Friends, and tavouritc Allies, came to be con-
fidered as our Enemies, on their accepting the Duke of
/fnjou, Giardfcn to Lcv;is XIV. for their King. This
induced the Merchants to btlieve, that, with a rcafonablc
Force, a very prolitable Expedition might be inatic: int(j
thofe Parts, where the Bucannters, with Imall Veilels, and
thofe ill provieled, h.-ul performed fuch extraordinary
Things •, and, therefore, when they had obniined tlie belt
Information they could, as to the Methods propofed to lie
taken for die effeding liich a Dcfign, they enterc<l thcar-
3

fully on the Expcnccs neceflary for that Purpofe. In order
to this, diey fitted out at full two Ships of twcnty-fix
Guns, and 120 Men each, defigncel for the .South >~cas.
The one was named the St. George, Captain IFillinm
Dampier Commander, in which was Mr. William Funnell •,
and the other the Fame, John Pulling Captain. '1 liey were
bodi fupplicd with all warlike Stores, and very well viiftu-
alled for nine Months ; and hail CommilTions fiom his
Roy.il Highnefs Prince G^-er^c, then Lord High Ailniiial,
to procceil againft the French and Spaniards; and both
were upon the fame Terms, of No Purchafe, no Pay. But,
whilll they were in the Downs, there arifing i^jme Didcr-
ence Ix'tween the two Captains, Captain PuUing, in his
Ship the Fame, went uway, intending, as he faid, to go
and cruife lunong the Canary Iflands, and tliey never faw
him a' crwardsi but, before their going from Ireland, they
were i..iined by another Ship, lent after them on Purpofe -,
Ihc was a fmall VelTel, named The Cinque-ports Galley,
Burden about ninety Tons, fixteen Guns, and lixty- three
Men, Charles Pickering Capt.iin : Which Ship was alfo
very well vjdualled, and provided tor the Voyage. It
mull be remarked here, that this Defcrtion of Captain
Pulling was abfolutely the Ruin of the \0yagc5 and,
therefore, this ought to be a Warning to all .Societies of
Merchants, tiiat enter upon fuch Undertakings, never to
join two Otlkcrs, ot dlfeordant Tempers, on any Terms ;
for, where Harmony is wanting, Succefs cannot be ex-
petted. Belidcs, Officers intriiited on fuch OccaHciis
ought to know, that the firll Principle of their Ccndi:di:
fliouli be Duty to their Owners i for t.his, in private Men
of War, tomes in the Place of I..oyalty, which is tl.e
fupremc Virtue in the Commander of a Kuig's Ship -, and,
wliere cither is wanting, it is ablurd to hope for any great
Matters. Pride, Sclhflmels, and narrow Notions, can never
make a Figure any- where, nuichlefs in a Naval Ex;jcdition,
where, if it once liecomes a Maxim, that every Man ouijht
to take care of hinifelf, there is an Enel of all ■ wherear,
if it be laid down as a fundamental f'oint, that the general
Gooii is, in all Cafes, to b« purfued, the Advantage of
Individu.ils will follow of tourle, and every Man be
ciTiched by barely purliiing Orders.

i- The

!-'!'. i;

.ISlttJ : f ^^1

Sfe i

The VOYAGES of

Book 1.

frrvanon South lo'io, anl LongitiKlc Weft from t'l;

KViml of ^7. /(j{» T)" l"'- '""■'■'■ '^'" *'"'^ "1^"«'» ' »'W I')
the Natm- ot >'t. Inn'), not ahovc a Stonc'i-throwfrom r.nh
othtr i they arc v<ry »ull ot V^ «>d» ai i» ill the Br.ifitum
Coart. 'rlipfc Idjiuls arc ililbiit from the Main ahoiit to»ir
MiliJ. 'I'hn I'lau- is viry iiuRh troiiMcil with Southrdy
W'lmU, which lilow in liulln ihcTiJore your only Way
n to lay your beft Anchor to the Southwanl, ami all little
enough Ibnutimc*. 'i'l>c lllanili prcxlucc nothing but
Wood, anil li.m- a vail m.iny Sia-fowl upontlwni, whuh
our Sailors lallcJ Boolits. '1 he Booby ii muih alniut the
Bignclsota Duck; Some arc cjuife white, fomc grry ; thiy
have Fret like a Duck, Uing a Water-fowl i they t«J
mollly upon Flying-lilh, which they catch flying : 1 luvr
maile many a Meal of thcfc Binis, but it was for want ot
other Victuals : Ihry tuftc very fifliy, am), if you do not l.ilt
them very well be tore you eat them, they will make you
fick. They are fo fdly, that, when they arc weary of fly
ing, they will, if you hold out your 1 land, come and iif
uix)n it i from wluntc I conjecture, that the* arc rallevl
Novtmkr 24. we anchored at the Illand tjt h
itude is 23" 30 South, lx)i)gitudt tioni
W (ll ; anil found here about 1 1" Fall Xt
nation. This is a very wooily Iflam), and liath fi vtr.il
ihTpla.neil' way imaginable : So that I flatter myfclf the very goal Swings „f frr(h Water upon it. 1 Iv Soil ,s
Whole vs.ll be found ufctul -, and that the latter Part, efpe- bUk, and tfic Illaml is about nine I.-aEU.-s round, an.l
cijlly, will bo ellccmal new, curious, and cntcrt.uning

151

,. The original Pefign of this l-n.!.<f.ikm(',. fivs Mr.
/W/, was to go full into tht Kivct .,1 /'.>v. as t.ir as
fiutntt Airtu ii« order to taker two or fhrrc ,v.(«///- (..»1-
jcons, which Captain ;>*«?/> airortcil were Uu.tlly tlaie |
«nd if, by that I'.xpedition, wr I'.ftt t-i the ^aluc ot
fc(Xj,ooo/. then wc were to return ai^un without ptotccUinR
further; but if we milfi-d of Succefs there, th.ntoc.u.lc
upon the Coaftof Ptrn lor the Batdnia ShiP', which l.rjn(^
down Gold to Lima ; but if that Uclign Ihould alio l.n ,
then to attempt tome rich Towns, attording a-, tapta.n
D»mPkr mould think fit : And alter that, wc wen, at the
utlial Time of the Year, to go ui>on the Coaft ot A/'*;'-
to lo'.k for the Rre.it Gallion which tr.ides Iron) Martil-t,
oniot the Pbtlippme Iilimls to A<afuho, on thrloatl ot
M,M,o, and which is commonly reported to Iv worth four
teen Millions of I'leces ot Fight. The Ri-af .n we did not
L'o to Buenos Aym was, becauk-, on our Arrival .it A/u-
dtira, we had Advice, that the Galleons from tlunce were
fifely arriveil at -Tntriff. I low well wc putlued the latter
Part of our Inllruftions, the fuhllquent Millory of our
Voyatte will fufficiently declare, in which 1 have uKd the Boobies. Novml.
greatdt Sincerity and Freedom, fttting down tviry thing (-.rand, whole i-*i
that happened, in the manner in which it happened, with Undtn 40 24
whatever apjieared to me worthy the Ri-adcr's Notice, in

inaliiiu-h as it contains nuny Things which have never hi-
tlierto been publilhcd in our language.

4. We failed on .ipril 30. 170,-. out of the Downs •,
and, on May 18. anchored at Kinf.iU m Ireland. Here
we refitted and viduallcd our Ship, antl were joined by the
Ctnjuf-ferts ; and, on StfimOtr 11. left Kinfrle -, and,
on the 2 -th, we reached tne Illand of Aladeira, where we
did not .inchor, but lay ofl'-and-on for our Bo.us, that wt re
lent artiore lor NccelKirics. By agooel Obfervation, 1 make
thii Iibiid to lie in the Latitude of ^i' 20 North, and
Longitude, by niy Account, from London, 18° 5' Well.
We dcp.irt.-d Hcpimhcr 2S. and, on the ^(oth, faw Palma
and l-iir'-, the two WclVermoll of the Qinary Iflands, they
being in all I'even, fo called Irom Qtnarta, the chief. Wc
did not flop her; , but made the Ix-fl of our Way for the
Cape de l\rd Iilands ; and, Odcher b. faw the Illand of
May}, lying in the latitude of 1 v' 10 North, and Lon-
gitude from Lcndon 24^ 29 Well. Wc lay off-.ind-on all
Night, but could not get oft' any Salt, bccauli- here r.in fo
great a Surf, that we dared not venture our Boats afhorc :
So, on OiioMi- 7. in the Morning, we bcri .uvay tor ^'/.
[ago, and, at Noon, anchored at Prier Bay. This Bay
lies in the Latitude of 14° 5, and Well Imm London 24'
4"? . This is one of the Southermoft and moll fruitful of
the Cape de ^erd Ilks, afxwinding in Mfjgs, fowls, Gutney
Hens, Monkeys Mai/, Oranges, Lemons, Dates, Water-
melons, Plantains, Bananas, i^c. Here is gocxi Water,
but troubl :li)me fetching ; and Wocxi is very dear. I'hc
Nativi s ot this Pl.icc were formerly Pcrfuguefi, who were
l)ai\;:licd tiather for Murders, Thefts, and othtr VilLiinies ;
but now liuy arc mollly black, by realbn of their Con-
vene with their Women Slaves, which are (iuiney Negroes ;
but, notwithllanding they have changed their Colour, yet
they tlill rct.iin their Vices, 'l"hieving being commoner here
than in any Place I have been at -, tnfomuch that they will
take your Hat off your Head at Ncx)n-day, in the Midll
of Coiipany ; Vou miilV alio be very wary how you trade
with them ; lor, if you let them have your Gocxis before
you have theirs, you will be fure to lofe them. At this
Place we watered our Ship, and relrcfhed ourfclvcs ■, and
here Iwing foine Uilagrccmcnt between our Captain and
lirR I -if utenant, the tormer turned the latter alhorc, with
his C hell, Cloaths, and Servant, much againft both his
and his Servant's Will, .ifxjut twelve o' ClcKk at Night.
At four thr next Morning, being Otiober i },. we parted
from the faid Ill.uid, not fully refblved what Place to touch
at next.

5. On November 2. we pafTcd the Fx]uator, about forty-
five Leagues to tlie W'eflw,ird of the Mt ridun of the Illand
of St. la^j : We liiw tins Day abundance of Flying-firti.
On the 8th, in the Kvening, we found the Variation, by

a gooei Amplitude, to be

iUf"

20 Laflerly, latitude by Ob
i

diflant from the Main about three Mile^. In it are Jat
cais. Lions, Tygers, (Ji. which, in the Nighr, make a
molt hideous Nolle, enough to terrify any Man. I lerr ar •
Rum, Sugar, and levcral forts of Indian Fruits, to be lii.l,
but very dear, on account of their lupplying the Town ( 1
i"<;;«/ Paul's w itii thcfc Neccflarics ; near which Town is 1 11,!
to Ik a Gold Mine, accounted one of the richefl hitherto
known. It is diftant from the Town of /^ Grand i[xM
<oo Milf s I and is reckoned, by the v,ift high Mountain;
ttut inteicept tfie Pallbgr, to be fixty Days Joiinwy. A:
this 1'l.ice wc wfxKled, watered, and refitted our Sliip
I icre our new tirll Lieutenant, with eight of our Men, our
(. aptain and they falling out, went afliorc with their Go(xi>,
anil left us here : Alio Charles Piekering, Captain of tlu
C/«f «cf or/j, our Confort, deprtcd this Life, and his Holy
was buried alhore ar the Watering-place, with the uliul
Ceremony of firing of (iims j and Mr. Thomas Stradd.''«;^,
his 1 ,icuten.int, took Command of his Ship. Hrrc is
giKxl I ilh of various Sorts, as the Silver-filh, and levenl
others. The Silver-tifh is about twenty Inches long, n
Height, from the Top of his FIcad to th« Bottom ol h;s
Belly, eight Inchc^ -, he hath five fmall Fins on the liiiulrr
P.irt of his I lead, and one large one, reaching from tie
hindermoll of the five fmall ones to the Tail : Fie hxs
two middling ones, one on each Side near the Gills, .wd
a large one, ftrctching from the Middle of the Bottom
of his Belly to his Tail, whkrh is half-mooned. He h«
a large F.yc, a w ide I'air of Noftrils, and a fmall Mouth :
It is a very thin Fifh, and very bony : He is of a viry
fine tranfparent White, and thence called by us a Silver
tilh. We failed from the Ifland Le Grand December 8. r
lolving not to touch any more till we arrived at the Illan !
"Juan Fernandez, in the South Seas. On the 29th of the
fame Month, we failed near the Iflands of Sebeildi de IVeeri-,
from which Illand there came a very remarkable Bird, which,
liecaufe It picafed me very much then, I will now defcnh-.
It was about the Bignefs of a Duck, and of a very liix
white Colour ; his Bill yellow, and, both above and beiow
the Bill, were long grey I lairs like Whifkcrs j and, inftf il
of Feathers at the Bottom of his Eyelids, he had (lion It."
Flairs, which were black.

6. We prnftxutcd our Voyage for the South Seas till Js-
nuary .^. 1704. when, in the Latitude ol 57' 50, wt mrt
with a mod dreadful Storm, in which wc were leparatai
from our Confort the Qnque-ports, which addeil to th-
Nunilicr of our Uncafincfles, and put the Seamen mcii
out of Humour. On the zoth ot the fame Month, «'
were in the latitude Co" 51' South; and, believing t!ui
we had now doubled C ape Horn, wc tacked ;ind ft'-xxi to
the Nordiward. On libruary 4 wc faw the lll.m>l '*
Mcucha, in the l.atitude of ?8' 30' South. This llW
is very well inhabited by Indians, who arc .ilwavs it ^^^'
with the Spaniards, and indeed with all white Men, I*'

Chap. I-

Captain William Funnell.

13?

liavr

hr Iiim'.rr

from tl.f

He V»

Gills, and

tlw Bottom

Hf hn

la!l Mouth:

1^ ol a viry

IS i Silver-

tb(r 8. r-

It the Illan.l

iQth (it thi-

\l dt IVttrt ;

liril, which,

)W <lcfcril>-.

|a very t^rc

arui btiow

lami, itiftf li

Ll flwrt (i.:-

IscM till 7>
l^o', w? nict
j-ff tlparatfii
Jdrtl to th'
tamcn mui'i
I Month, V"
I'litvini' '■^•

lie IlUnd /i

This lllaml

Ivav-i It \^3'

Men, l'--

ciufe they think them Spaniards. It it a liioh Idaml, four
IxiRViei in Length, i»nil has nwny Sholii on the Weft Sulc,
which run 1 League or more into the Set. It it Jifttnt
from the Fort Ftldivi* twenty-hve Leagues Northwani.
F^mj 5 we 'o**"^ *''* Variation to be 7" ao Eaftcrly
Latitude, by Obfervation South 35* 3J' Longitutle, Iroiu
Jjndtu 80 19 . FikuMry 7. we Ciw the Illajul Jutn Ftr-
Mnda, an(l (o rfood off-and-on v but, drawtna pretty luar
it, our Capi. .1 thought it not to be the right IflamI i fowc
talked, and ftooil to the Eaftwanl » but, on Ftkrtury 10.
iftcr we haii lloud about thirty L.eaguei to the Faftwanl,
not faing any Lan«1, we dixA batk again 10 the fame
lllami 4 in«l, palTing by the great Bay, wc faw our Con-
lort Captain ^tradUnf in the GHjutptrts, who had ar-
rivnl hire tiircr Pays before : So wc anthortt.1 in ihe ht-
\\f Bay, in twelve Fathom Water, ouly (jround \ but,
fmdmn it not tonvcnient lying here, we wcighul, and went
to the great Bay, where wc anchorcil in thirty-five Kaihoiu
Water, the Variation there being 6' 5' F.d>irly.

7. At this lilaiul we wooileil, watered, hceletl, and re-
fittnl our Shi|)s, the doing of which took u» up a great
ileal (f Time, and obliged both Ships Company to be much
adiuic ; during which time, a Difference happened between
Capuin StraMtHg ami his Men, which rofc at lull to fuch
an 1 leiglit, tliat the Crew abfoluteiy rcfufeil to go on board i
but, at latl, the Matter was compromil'ed by the Media-
tiun ol Captiin Dampitr, and the Men returned on hard
thiir Ship. On h'lhuary 29. 1704. our I'eoole difcried a
Sail, on which we all hurried aboard, flip|)ed our Cables
and rtu<Kl to Sea. The Frtncbman, for lo he al'terwarda
provrd, raring us get under Sail, tacketl, and ftixxl from
us ami we made the beft of our Way after him, ourCon-
fjrt nuking what I lafte he could alter us \ and, al)Out
rlevfn at Night, we came clof.- up with him, but diti not
think cunvenient to cnpgc till Day. In this Chace our
l'iimac( towed under Water \ fo wc cut her loofc \ Captain
ftradlmg'% Boat got alio loofe, and in her were a Man and a
Dog. At Sun-rife the next Morning, being M*r(h 1, we
began to engage the faid Vcflel, which wai a /■^Mr^Shit),
ot about 400 Tons and 30 Guns, well manned, W c
Jought her very clofe, Broadfide and BroadAde, for feven
Mourv, and then, a fmall Gale Ibringing up, (he Iheercd
oft. As tor our Confort, he nrtd about ten or twelve
(.UP!, and then (ell a-rtern, and never cmie up again during
the Kight. We had nine of our Men killed in the Oifpuic,
and leveral wounded : Wc were defirous to have hail an-
uthi-r Trial with him, knowing it would be of dangerous
Confa|ueiice to let him go \ for, if we did, wc were fuie
he would difcovcr us to the SpaHidrds, whiih would de-
ftroy our whole Proceedings. But our Captain was againft
It 1 faying, that, at the worlV, if the Spaniards (hotiid know
ot our being in thofc Seas, and fo (hould hinder their Mcr-
(hant Shu» trom coming out, yet that heknew whit her to go,
..nd not tail of taking to the Value of 500,000 /. any Day
in the Year. Ujwn this, wc lay by for our Confort, who
loon came up \ and it was quickly agreed between the two
Captains to let her go j fo the Fjicmy ftood from us, and
we concluded to return to Juan lernandtz to get our An-
chors, Long-boats, and fevcral Tons of Water calked,
with a Ion of Sca-Iions Oil, which wc had left here \ and
Captain Siradling had left five of his Men, who were gone
to the Weft Part of the Ifland, and knew notliing of our
going out after the Enemy •, he had alfo left bchuid him
all his .Sails, except thofe at the Yard, with a great many
other Stores. Wc had then the Wind at Soutli, right olT
the Land, fo that wc found it very difficult to get up with
It i but it falling calm, the Cinquc-ports put out her Oars,
•Til rowed towards the llland : Prcfcntly after which, wc
law two Sail j the Cinqueporls was pretty near them, and
; tluy tired feveial Shot •, but (he rowed away to us, and
KHl- us an Account, that they were two Frtnch Ships,
ciih ot about thirty-fix Guns: So the two Captains
[ th lunht it convenient not to go in, but to go away for the
iCoall of Peru, leaving behind Captain Stradling's five
Men, with other Neccflarics that wc could very ill fparc i
I for now we had neither of us any Boats : However, ac-
I cording to their Agreement on Martb 6. wc ftood away
I for the Goad of Ptru i and, on the i ith, fell in with the
[Land, it being very high, three Rows of Hills one within
Nt/MB. X.

another, that towards the Water lowtft, and that farthift
Within 1 Jnd highrlL We were then in the Latitude of 24*
Ht' .South ( from thence we coafted along Shore to the
tvorthward \ and, on the 14th, palled the Port of Copiapt.
This is fiiid to be a very good Port, and to be fenced from
almoft all Winds. Near to the Port are four or five Rocks \
and within I .and it is Inhabited by Indians, who make good
Wine \ here are faid alfo to be good Meat, Corn, and other
NecclTjriei. In this Port they load Wine, Monev, and
other (toodi, for Ceauimho : We would very willingly havt
gone alhore here to nave got fome Rcfrefhmenu, but could
not for w.intof Boats : 1 he Land continues very high and
mountainous \ fo that, I think, it is the higheft Land I ever
faw.

8. We were furprifed, on the 19th of the fame Month,
by feeing the Colour of the Waves of the Sea changed into
ml for (even or eight I.<agues ; though, upon founding,
we found no (iround for 1 70 Fathom \ but, upon drawing
up the Water, and examining it clofely, this Accident ap-
|H'arctl to lie owing to a vaft Quantity of F'ifhfpawn fwim-
niing on tlic Surface. Wc were now in the Latitude of 1 6"
1 1 ' South, and had only forty-eight Minutes Variation to the
Fjftward, having failed by the three famous Forts of //rrVtf,
ilt, and ^rtpipa. On March 22. we found ourfelvcsoff
the Port of Lima, the Capital of Peru, where wc law two
Sail of Ships (leering for that Port : Wc prcfcntly gave
Chace, and foon came up with the fternmolt i (he proved
to be the Ship we fought with off the llland of Juan Fer-
nandtz. Wc were very eager to ftop her going in ■. for.
It wc coukl have done it, it would have hindered the Spo'
mards from having Intelligence of us : Befides, wc did not
i|ueftion the taking ot her, IkciuI'c now our Men were in
Health ( whereas, when wc fought her before, wc had be-
tween twenty and thirty very fick and weak ; but, being
willing to Oiew thcmfelves, they had done what they could.
Wc conriiiercii alio, her Guns, Ammunition, and Provi-
fions, would be very welcome to us -, fo we concluded to
engage her ourfelves, and to fend Captain Siradling after
the other, which feeincd not fo big ; but Captain Dampier
di«l not think advifeabic to attack hen and, wiiilft the
Matter was difputing, both the Ships got into Lima, from
whence twenty fuch as ours could not have forced them
out. This kind of Proceeding gave great Offence to mod
of the Crew, anil bad Confequcnces might have followed
it, if wc hod not, in the Space of a few Days, taken two
very confiderablc Prizes \ the firft of 1 50, the fecond of
aoo 'Ion, out of which we took what wc thought would
prove nu,ft ferviceable, and then difniifTcd our Prizes. On
jipril 5. wc began to prepare for the great Stroke our Cap-
tain h.id in his Head, viz. that of landing on the Coal^,
and plundering fome rich City •, with which View ourCar-

rrnters were ordered to fit up our Launches, or Spanilb
ong-boats, fo as to land our Men with Safety, an«l to fix
two Patereroes in each Launch. On the nth of the fainc
Month, wc took, as if (he had been fent on purpofc for
our Service, a Bark of about hfty Tons, laden with Plank
and Cordage. This Bark wc took in Sight of the Wc of
G'<i//», under which wc anciiored the next Day with our
I*riie, which wc rcfolvcd to keep, in ondcr to make ufc of
her in the intended Fxpedition.

S). ihis Idand of Galle is in 2" 45' Latitude, Longi-
c fi^3m Tendon Well 76* 38', diltant from the Main
alwut five Leagues, in Length two Leagues, in Breadth
one ! W hen you arc to the Southward of it, it appears in
three Hummocks, which, at a Diftance, look like three
Illands \ ami the Land between each is very low -, but when
you are to the North-we(t of it, at the South End, you
will fee a fmall llland, or rather Rock, which looks miich
like a Ship umler Sail \ and, when you arc at the North
Fjid, you will lb open the Land, as that you will fee Part
of It docs not ioin to the Ifland, as it fcems to do when you
arc to the We(\ward of it. At the North-caft End of this
Ifland arc three fmall Idands, or rather Rocks ; one is pretty
big, and at a Diftancc looks like a Barn, and the other like
two Sail of Ships. At this Ifland you may fee the Main-
land, whtth is very kw near the Water-fide, but prodi-
gious high up in the Country. Here wc anchored in
thirty-five Fathom Water, two Cables Length from the
Shore, harvl Sand. We anchored in Uie North-weft Pait
M m «f

7hc V () Y A (; F S oj

Book I.

ii»i

^R*

l»

W|>>

Bii

■ t

I' <■

ol the Flland 1 tlv Nrrthfrmnrt l'(mitbf.iringN(irthlwlf Weft,
tlic Siiti:li>rm..l», .Sm.lh w>ll : 1 he \V.itirm« i>Uu «0( n
ill wrth .1 lull (ui), (ivir wliuh, u|«)n the I' I. i' » fI*")
SixiKil iMir.artli. JK-jriim Noith-wirt halt Nofth. I hi>
there arv alli> livaal oihcr h<hkI W.uninn p!ati«ui'«n ihij
llUuJv ami in tiu North c.ill I'art at .SVi;«//<» it the IkU
aiu-lioriiin ■, lifir ymi may w< tut ami water Virylccurc
Iroin any T nf my. 1 he lilami is very wo<xly, alVonlii'K
Urge limlxr, which is ollen lent in Slii[ |Mnn ii^) to tlie
Coallof yVri/. Here arc lixnc tiw wiM Vfonkies, with
•humlaiuc ul I.iwiiU ; anil a Lfjte lort (.1 I. nan! lall.il a
Ijiiiili/aiil ; thiy are alx>iii the HikikIj oI a Man's Arm \
I mealiireil one, wliieh, tiom the ll>ail i.> the Kmiot thr
Tail, was three Fctt tlcveii In. h> i \ lie has a larpc li«t of
a C.iiil) ui-on his I liati, whir.i llin^ii up like .w \ lelmt t, or
I liail-pi. le, to ilrleml his I XkA'X \ when lie is a(raulte<l or at-
frif,hteil, he Kts Ins t omh up an-ird ; but othciwilc it li(»
tiowii Haf, in a ilirp IJint in iiu I leati jull liltiil to it \ l'»
that, wlun it is I'own, it can liaiilly k |;crteiveil : He h«
two Mry la'^e I'.ves, 4 large Moui'i, with a j^rrat many
linall 111 up It th. J lis Skin is very toiinh, ot a ilark Colour,
fullot hUk, yillow, aiill-.tutilhSjotj; In jlloihei I hin^J
he rereinlilcs theio:iiiiv>n la/aixl : VVhm tluy are purliKil,
thiy will run veiy Iwiiti yit our Dogcfteii latchnl tluni.
10. Alt.r rinuiniiig lure live D-ys wc comiuiLil to
Tail fr( ni hcr.cc i lur, juil .w we were goiny to ^t\. up
cur Ani-hor', ue iliicovernl a Ship ll.in. ing in tur the
Illant!, whuli, wiuii llieeamc veiy iwar, we eame out aiu^
took. She was a liiiall \'i llil, ot litty loin, coni-
niamleil by a Mrjtiza. On Ixianl this .Ship we fouml a
Guernfey Man, w!io ha 1 h< en tak>n by the Spaniiirds as lie
was cutting I .ogwcxxl in the K.iy ot Cmpeaihy, ami hatl
b<en in tlkir Il.iniJs aliove two Veais, ami mull havecoii-
tiiuied a I'nliiiur tor l-itr, it we had nor relealeii hint.
W htn wc i.iileil fioiu the Ifl.nil it ('<all$, cur Rtlbliition
wa< toatt.u.kininitiiiately the I'owiiot .S'tf/f/*; Maria, wliiih
lay to the Northward, iHiaiilc we txpe<;t(d to lind there
great Quantities o| (ioid, brought thithd- tioni the ada-
(cnt Mines of the lame Name •, but this Dtlign iinlikkily
nnl<:a;ncd, wluthr throuj^h I'ear, C'onhifion, or thr l-.ne-
mics having early Intclligeiue, wli:ih enabled tlum to lay
Ambufeadis, tlut tut oti' abundance ot our Men, I e.in-
not pretend tcj lietermine. '1 his, howevir, i< certain, ilut,
by .\lay i. wc w. le lb lick ot our truitlels Attempts on
ihoic, that wc relolvcd to go iniirndiateiv on Ixjurd, which
accordingly we did i but then- we met with new Difficul-
ties ; tor fuch was our Scarcity ot I'rovnions, th.it live green
Plantains were ordered to be boiled t'orcvcry lix Men. IJut,
to our gicat Lomtort, when wc were almoll out of I Iojk<;,
as well as Patience, wc dclLried a Sail at twelve this Night,
winch canir to an Anchor dole by us. We foon got up our
Anchor, and took her without any Kerillancr. She proved
a great Ship, ot about ijo Ions: She was deeply laden
with Hour, Sugar, Brandy, Wine, alout thirty Tons ot
Marmalade ot (^imccs, a loiifiderable Qiiantity ot .Salt,
with HwiK I'onsot lai-.enand Woollen Cloth ; (b that now
we might f.ipply ourlelv;s with Provifions tor four or live
Years. 1 was put on lioard this Priicon Ikhalfot Captain
Ihimpirr, .md our Ship's Company •, and the Mailer ot' the
Cinque porii was put on Ivurd as Chirl tor Captain SiraJ-
li/tX, and Ins Ship's Company. Wc carried oi.r Prize ii.to
the Bay of Pumima -, am!, on ihe 14th, anchored under the
Illand ot Ilbago. I Icre C.iptain Dampter and Capt.un
Siraiiling dilagreeil •, and the (j^iarrtl came at lall to fuch
an Height, that tliere was nopaciiyiiig them •, lo that, at
Jail, It w.is concluded to part Company, all the Men king
left at Liberty to go with which Cajtain they plcalcil -, in
ronfetiucnec of which, live of o';r \ler went to C.iptain
SiraMiM^, ami five of his lame to u,. We were told by
the Priloners, that there wcrcHo.ooo Dollars on bo.ird enir
Prize i that they were taken in by Stealth at Lima, and lay
at the Bottom in the Run of the Ship, (nii Captain did
not believe this, and w.ls unwilling to ll.iy long'.r, that wc
might have romagedlier to the Bottom, becaulc m- thought
Lois of Time would mar his greater Defigns : Having,
tl.refore, ukcn out a < jiiantity of Piovifion, tin- was dit'-
milftd i and we, on May nj. parted from the Cmqucports,
intending to beat up again upon the Coalt of Ptru.

II. 7«w 7. we fjw • Sail, gave Chacf, came up wu!,
h< r, atiil took lu r. She was alwuf 1 10 Toiw, camr Um
TfuxilU, and was bouiul lor Panama, laden with FJ.,ur,
Sugar, Brandy, U*. with fotm Ualei of wrouglit .Silk «,
her. We took a Packet, which wc «j^)cnft| •, thrfitft !«.
tcr wc hapiK-ned to re.ul, wai from the Captain of the frn^
Ship we fought olV the Illand of 'Jmh Itraaitdtz, and mn
with again oil" tin' Poif ot I.ma. It wu dirt^led to the
Pielidcnt ot I'amimj, and gave an Account, •• That h^
'• lought two lugiiji) Privatei r» ofT the Illand of Ftriu»
•' Jn i that the imallell i»l the two fired Uit eiglu or tin
" Ciuns at him, and then fell a-ftern, and did not cdnt
" up itfain during the light, as lie believed, for Want li
•' Windv that the great Ship (meaning iiS/ fought him
•' Br.i.idliile anil BroadiiJr for more than fix Hours j ily.
" we killed the m a great many Mem and that, ai h.^
«• coming to I ima, he lent alliorr thirty two of hu Mm^
«• each of whiih had either loll a Leg, an Arm, u,
" an Lye > ami ilut it wai a great thiince wc had in
" taken him, tcr th.»t, at our parting, they had given tliem-
•• lelvi jover as loll, not having Men tu defend tlumlelvis "
We alio hael Ackuiiu, bv other letters, that the i»o
I'rtnihmtH which we faw olf the Illand 7«4« itrnandez, (ul
nu t wi'h a Boat at Sea, in winch there were an Enghjhma
and a Do^ (This was the Boat which belonged toC.i)'j:i
iilrttiilixg, and whith broke loofe fiom hiin as we < hal J
the ire>kb Ship oil" Jmh I'frMaHJn) : That the laid {w.,
{r,»(h Shi|is had Ik in in at Jiun Fanandtx, and had takm
up our .Aiichi rs, Caiilcs, l.ong-Uut, withall Captain i'/rj;
line's Stores, and his tivc Men, and our Negro, wh; ,
were lett there. VN'e alio had Advice, that the Spanu.rl<
|i.id titteel out two Men of War againll us -, the onr 01
thirty-two Brals (luns, twenty-four Poundcr» each j ilr
other ot thirty-fix fiuns, of the fame Bigncfs : That eacho;
them lud ^.^oSeanun, and 150 SokJier*, choice Men. jnj
that they lay cruifing for us in tl»e Bay of Cuiaqnil, bt t*;r",
Point i'/. lljixa .tad Ca|K Blanco, trom the 7th to the i :t'i
Wt were Ibreiei to go away with an eafy Sail, brcaufr 1
our I'ri/e, which faili d very heavy •, and, feeing it was likr y
to Ix; a great I lindrance to us in beating to Windward, »;
cone ludrd to go into fomc Place to minage her : Aeeorii-
ingty, the lame Day, we went into A'rfr<//«<»j Bay, ami m
chorcd with our Prize in ten Fathom Water, alxnit tuur
.Miles oft' .Shore : We durll not venture any nearer in, K
raufe of lb many Sholes and Banks of Sand, which lie<|
it, and which were very imiH-rfcdtly laid down in all ci/
Draughts.

I.:, Ihe .Sea-coart here is inhabited by Indiani, biitt.'i!)
are not very nunu rous. ! lere are It veral fmall Rivers, whidi
n.n With frelli Water down to the Sea-fidci and homiFii)
Place, by the .Sea-lidc, all along to the Southward, till.oj
come to the Bay of Tticanui, are white ClilVs, and mx;
Sholi , .IS faj- as to Point GaJlera. From this Bav of .w
ditms, lix Leagues to the Southward, is the great Rivrn'
Si. luj^o, the Mouth of which is about three (luarters ot j
Mile over 1 but there is no good anchoring, until you are g«
well within the Mouth. This River is leldom made ulrci
by Shippine, it lying out of the Way ; only in cai'e ot Nr
cclnty, eir by Chance, they put in for Refrcniment , lur
here is Plenty of all lorts ol Provifions. It hath, on t.i;
Sea-fide, lourti-en or liftcen Pieces of broken Giouiui, c I
a whitdh Colour •, and, at the Noith-end of them, n i.V |
Bay (jI Sardinat, wherein wc careened our Shm, or.' j
romagcd our Prize, and watereil at one of the frelii waitr
Riv( rs, the Water of which was white like Milk, aiv' kti
fmelt and tailed very llrongof Mulk, otcafioned I y mo I
Alligators fmimming in it. NVe fliot fcvcral of them, o;(
ot which mcafureil thirty Feet in Length, and was hit^^n
about than a large Bullock. This Creature is very full«
great .Scales, liom the Neck to the End of his 'I'ail : il'
has a very large fliarp Set of Teeth, with very leingC 1j«
on his Feet : It is an amphibious Creature, living on Ijn>il
as well as in Water ; when they are lying on Sliore, ihtl
look like a great Tree lallcn clown, and tor fuch one «oi;i! j
take them at a Dillance. They will mn very fall un t.?
Laiul, and arc of fuch Strength, that they will tike an I \Ki\
or Cow, and carry it down to the Water, and there Jci j;(j
it. They will Icizc on any ilung, as well on Land as m ;

\Ya::

Cliap. I.

Captain William F u n n r i, i .

I?y

Witcr i tniJ . ommonly make giT»t I Uvix k wnonKA C'ntelr,
il (war K- *»y "f^ •''<^ '"'■"^•^ wlirre ihuy htrbixir, wliith
It uUmIIv 111 »i<rti water Rivm. Il*' /»/«»/ arc not
an-jtly »lf" ' "' •'""'' neither in the VV.itcr, nor on Land.
I'hey run m ^ I "■«''•» S"'' '*»» R'^'" Lre.uufr M not able lo
nirn \n^ uiiwi. My H.xly lo ijuk kly, but that th< y «afily get
(lom liiin. Tlw l»diani likcwilc k'» into the Water, to
ln at Ixith
l-iiiU, ainl two I'tecen ot Iron acrot. Thu tluy IwKI by
the MiiMIc m thnr I Uml \ .»y\ the Alliija'Oi*, when th' y
lull-. Mile thnr I iiatl* <'Vit of thi' Wau r. I'ht n the Indmni
hdlil I ut fhn I'lete of Iron to t'lcin, at which they bite i
ojil i( f.ilK in in their Mmiih, and kcq>» it ojwn hkc a (iaj;.
TIk Kniulf^ Uy luR', alx.ut loo ac a tinu-. 'i'lRii;
K.UUS iWf at'^iuf the Biniirli of a lioofeNj but the Shell ii
«IiTiciH i* i)ii« k a^ 4n UtlridneV. I hav frcn m.tny of thcmj
lluy irr quitr n-u kI. The l-lrlh of the AliigHtois ii not
(it to Ix' r.U'ii, It beiii}; vriy lhf)ng aiul nuitky i nay, the
vrry Waitrof the Uivrri, which thty wire in, lali.l lo
ffninn ot ihrni, that is, of Mulk, that a DraiiKJit of it
wouM al.iioll lutVorafr in. Hut, notwithrtamling it is lo
naiilidii*, there are no InlUncct <>! it» doiii^ any lort of
l'rc;ulicc to ihi'Conl>itution»ol liich at drink it.

I ^. On "June X i . Iicin(/ « H' the Bay of (imujui/, wc faw
a Sill, aii-l came up with her the lu xt I)iy. I'iiis ha;)-
ixmd lo Ix' one of iholi' Spant/h Men of War lilteil out on
purpiilr 10 take in, and a Ship of thirty two Guns. Bcii,<j
pretty near carh other, they pave us a Bioadddc t but we
diii not irind tlum. All our Care w.w to Ret the Weatlicr
gage ; in oril. r to which, while we larncil too mu( h Sail,
aniTtlu- \Siiul blew very trefh, juir Forr-topnialf unfoitu-
natrly eanie hy the Board. Immediately we pot our I latth
rn, and lut all clear away •, an.l our Captain ordered the
Helm to htrelapt a-weathir, ;md bore away. The Kiieniy,
fctiiig this, tminciliately bore away after us, with ail the
Siil ihry coulii, hopmp to come up ; h>r now they doubted
not ttiey (lioulii take us. We, cibfervinp that our runninp
had inercaled their LtJUraRe, rcfolvcd to iic-by, ami tipht it
cut. Captain D,impifr\ O(iinion was, that he could fail
bettrr upHi one Mall than the t.ramy, and tin n fore it was
bill to put Ixlore the Wind % but, howev( r, chofe rather to
fi'.',\\t, til 111 to Ix: chaleii alhore : So, huiitin^^ the bloody
Ha^ :it ihe Main-topmaft heail, with a Relolution neither
to pive nor tal>c (.^ii.irter, we bepan the I' ight, and went ro
it as laft as we ct)uld hud ami lire. The tncniy kept to
WindwanI, at a good DiUance from us i lb tliat we could
not 1 onie to make ule of our .Sm..lJ arms : But wc divided
the two Watehc! •, and one was to manage the Ciuiis, whillj
the otiicr looked on j and, when thole at the (inns were
weary, tiie orhvr; wcii; to take their Pl.ices, nil th( y had
rdtidRii thinilch'es. By this niraiis we fired, 1 klit.i,
live Guns to the I'.nrmy'.s one. Wc fued alv)ut 560, and
he alxiiit MO or 1 1 i 1 and we fought him from twelve at
Noon to halt an 1 It.ur pall fix at Night, altho' at a good
Dillance -, tor he kept lo far to W mil ward ot us, that our
Shot loMietimes would luirdly reach him, tho' his would, at
tlif Liiiie time, fly over us. At halt an I lour pall fix, it
gniwing dulk, they left oil" firing; and we did the fame.
Wc iiad none of oi.r Men either kilkil or wouiuleil by tlic
Fnciiiy i only two, through Carclefnelii, had their I lands
and F.ices blalled. We lay by all Ni-ht, and, in the
Morning kiimes, ltK)ktd out tor our liiumy, expecting to
have had aiiotlier Brulli with nim •, bur, contrary to our I'.x-
pcctation, he hail made .Sail from us in the Night. Captain
Dampifr told us, that his Intention was now to have the
C'oalt ot Ptru, in order to go and get I'rovilions in the Riy
o\Tacames. Acconiingly, having w<atlierid I'oiiit C,<U-
kra, wc ani hortil in that Bay, and lent our litiat alhore,
with twenty Men, to look tor I'rovilions; but they loon
i returneii on Ixwnl again, with a viry untoward Account;
\*ii. that they hail met indeed with .m Imiuin Vill.ige of
a'xut fifty I loufes ; but that the Inhabitants had abandom d
jjt, and had lelt nothing behind them in their 1 loulcs. In
jlhe River, however, we lound a tine Bark, of the Burden
lilt .ibout fifty Ions, with as much new I'lank by her, as
Kould have fcrved to build another ot the l.une Size. Wc
^ikewifc took another linall Bark of about ten ions, laden
«th Plantains. This iiark we intendtd to keep inltead of
I Long-boat. She had two Malls, and two liiuare Sails 1

ami, when we hail fitted Ikt for our Furpofe, we ralkd her
the Driven. The Country herealwuti is very pleafant, ami
well woudcd and watered, with all the Conveiucncy imagin-
abk'.

14. About feven I..eagues to the Northward lici the
Biiy of 6'/. MMiktt, The 1 auul about it ii very high, anil
h.iv a gieat many Slioles running from it two leagues into
Ihe .Sea \ and for three or four Leaguri, the Water is iVal-
k)W, that is, from li»ur to fix Fathom where it is dec()ell.
Southward and NortliwanI to the .Sea there are wliite Cliffs
and the Bay hes bctwei i» them. In ilic Bottom of the Uny
there are two Rivers, that empty theinfelves into the .Sea \
but they are both what the .'eamiii (all Allgitor water,
that is, white and mulky, as I have before dclciibed it. V.n
each Side of ihefe liivcru are .Sholcs of Sand, and, near their
Mouths, Mry fine (iroves of tall, Ijircadmg, green Trees,
which are the Marks to find tluic Rivus by k tiir their
Mouths are fb narrow, iis not to lie dilierned ..t a Dilla'ice.
1 fu fe Rivers are Icldom uled by the SpaniarJi for any th'iig
lua Rein Ihment : And, to lay the I ruth, there cannot be
a propercr i'lace for that l'ur|)ofe, fmce all the Country
roiiml about alx)Unds with ivcry kind of I'rovifioii, that
this Fait cf th World atiords. Al)out two l.eagu $
up tlie Rrvrr, tlire are lexeral Viilag-s, inhabited by the
Indians, who, whenthc SpattiurJi come hither, liirni''i them
with Cocoa nuts, I'lantaini, Bananas, and 01 h r kin.ls of
Kruit. As we have often mentionrd thcfe, mA Hiail be ob-
liged to mention ihcm frciiucntly luicatter, it may not iit
umifk to enter into a partiiuLir IXItripiion ot thim here,
for the Rcailcr's Information, and to render our Acrounti
perleiiily intelligible : The CtKoa tree is, f;crer..lly Ipeak-
ing, from fifty to an humirrd Ktit in Height, for the moll
part, llrait and nciulcr. This Tree prtKhicis Leaves of lour
i'athom, or lour and an half in l/ngth, and beats the fa-
mous Nut of the fiimc Name, which, with its outir Kind,
Is l.irger than a Man's I b ad. This outer Rind being tak; n
off, there appears a Shell, wliich will hold n ar a t^'uart.
Within the Shell is the Nut ; anvl within t!ic Nut is .ibout
a VuM and an half of pure dear Water, which is very cool,
pleafant, and fwett, 1 he Kernel of the Nut is .ilfo-very
plealiiiit .md pood, which, if it be pretty old, we fcrapc all
to Pieces, The Scrapings we fct to Ibak in about a Quart
«)f frelh Water lor three or tour Hours, and then 11 ain the
Water, whirh, when llraiiicd, hath both th • t^uioiir aid
Talle of Milk ; and, if it Hand awhile, it will have a thick
llc.idonit, not unlike Cream, 'I his M:lk, being boiled
with Rice, is accounted by our Hoviois to be very nourilh-
ing; tor which Realon wi olten give it to our lick Men.
The I .V ivis of the Trees f rvc to thatch 1 ioiilis. Of t!ic
outer Rind of the Nut thev make what rclenilJis l.ti-.m
Cloth. They al!i) make ot it Ropes ti r Slnps, and Rigging,
Cables, isc. which are a good ComnioiJity in moll I'arts
of the // eft Indies. 1 he Shell of the Nut will make very
pretty Dnnking-cups, It will alii:) burn very will, ai.d
make a tierce and hot Fire. 'The Kernel lerves iiilha.i of
Meat, and the Water contaii;ed therein iiilbad of Uniik ;
and, if the Nut be very old, the Kernel will, of itiilf, turn
to Oil, whieli is often made ule ot to fry with, but moll
commmly to burn in Lamps ; lb that from this Tree they
have, as is commi.nly laid. Meat, Drink, Chtiiir.;^';, Tloulis,
Firing, and Riggin;; tor their Ships. 'Tliefe Trees ir,.iy Ix!
known by any Ships iialllng by -, tor they have no i.,i:ives,
except iuil at the 'Top. At the Bottom ot the Leave' t!io
Cocoa-nuts grow, ten, tilreen, or twenty in a Clulln , hang-
ing by a linall String, which is full ol Joints. The Plan-
tain-tree is about thirteen or fourteen Fee t in I Light, and
alx)ut tour lei t round. I'he Leaves of the Tree arc aL'OUt
eight or nine I'cet long, and two Feet bread, and end in a
round I'oint. 'The Fruit grows at tiie Bi ttom of the I cat,
upon a great Stalk, in a Cod about eight Inches long, a.id
of the Bignils of a Bl.uk-pudding. The Cod is ot a line
yellow Colour, otten Ipei.kled witii red. 'Tins being taken
otl", the Inlide of it is white; but tiie Plant .in iti'.lt i<- yel-
low, like Butter, and as loft ;ts a ripe Pear. 'Tiicte grow
fiity or fixty fonutiines upon a Stalk, and live or lix St;ilks
upon a Tree. 'They are an extniorehiiaiy good Fiuit ; ;-.nd
il) molt Farts of the Kaft and //'(■// Indies there is great
plenty ot them. 'The Banana tree is much the lame, only
the Fruit is not fo long as the Plantain, that being about

eight

156

TJje VOYAGES of

Book I.

:( '

I '■

eight Tnches long, and the Banana not above fix. It grow*
in the fame manner as the Plantain, fifty or fixtjr in a Clu-
tter upon one Stalk. The Fruit is very mellow, and extra-
ordinary fweet and gotxl. On July 3 1 . we left the Bay of
'Tacamts^ and carried our little Prize, nametl the Dragon,
'vith us, not defigning to touch at any Place, till we came to
the Gulph of Nicna.

15. We failed from the Bay of Tacames crofs the Bay of
Panama, and from thence continuetl our Voyage to the
Gulph of iV/V«yrt, where, an^guft 16. we anchored near
certain Irtands, which the Spam.irds, from their being feated
near the Centre of the Bay, call the MMIc IJlands j and,
the mxt Morning, ucx Curtain and Carjicnter went in a
Canoe, to fee if a proper Place for careening roiild be found
amonglt them. In the Kvening of the fame Day, while we
were cmpbyed in drefllng a Couple of lurtles, which the
Captain had brought on board, our little Prize came to us
again. They hoii been up the River Chitngt!, ami found two
Of three Indian HouU-s, ami fome Plantain-walks. The
Indians climbctl the Trees, and cut down from them as
many Plantains as they would have. 'I hey found alio two
Canoes haled uix)n the Sand, and brought them both oil'.
In their Way, they caught eight Turtles, and eat nothing
of their own Provifions, but fed upon Turtle during the
lime they were away from us. They gave us an Account,
that they had found out u very good and fecure Place at the
Illand Si. Lucas for us to lay our Ship afhore in i that it
was in a fine deep Bay, which, at the Entrance, was not
above a Piftollhot over ; that, with five or fix Guns upon
each Point at the Entr»nce, we might fo fortity ourfelves,
that no Enemy durll a'^proach us ; tor (hat ten of us might
defend ourfelves agaiiilt 500. However, we found the
Msdd/e Ifiand to be as convenient as any Place could be 4
and, our Captain feeming to lik<' the Place, and knowing
we could fortity ourfL-lvis here, and with as little Trouble,
we chofeit. Accordingly, on the 1 b'tli, it being fair Weather,
and calm, we cowed oa Ship in amongli the Iflands.and lay
within Stone's Call of the Shore all round, with one Anchor
a-head, and a Cable out at our Stem, which was made bit to
a great Tree on the Shore. As foon as we had faftened our
Ship, all Hands went alhore, and began to build Tents for
our Coojxr and Sail-maker to work in, and to put our Gooils
and Provifions m. In the mean time, our chief Mate was li:nt
in thefmall Bark called the Z)r«^9«, with twenty Men armed,
and twoPatereioes, tocruilc intheGulph; where aftcrhe haii
cruikd five or fix Days, he returned with a Spanijb Bark of
about forty Pons. She had in her fome few Jars of Brandy,
wit!i Wine, and fome Sugar. They were going to repair
her, (he being very old •, .'.nd for that I'urpofe had five or
fix Carpenters and Caulkers on boanl, who came very op-
portunely to help us to repair our Ship ; for we had great
Need of Workmen. We took out our Powder, Shot, and
all our Ammunition, with all our Bread, lome of our Flour,
and two t^^iarter-deck Guns, and put them on board this
U!l Bark. 1 hen we got all the relt ot our Things afhore,
and made every t!ung ready for cleaning our Ship. The
Bottom of It was, 111 many Places, eaten like an Honey-
comb i inlomuch that the firm Plank was not thicker than
an old SixiKnce : Nay, in fome Places m the Hold, we
(ould thriiu our Thumbs quite through with Fjfe. Our
Ship lx;ing in this Condition, and we in want of Planks to
ni-w-b»)tt()m h^T, our Carpenter w.« forced to make an hard
Shift, and ftop the Ixaks as well as he couiil with Nails and
Oakam. On Septem/'tr 1. thi- thief Mate Mr. QippiHgion,
having quarrelled with Captain Dampier, drew over one-
andtw<nty Men to his Party 1 and, having maiie himfelf
Mailer ot the Bark, in which was all our Ammunition, and
the beft Part of our Provifions, got up her Anchor, and
went without the Iflands, (rom whence he lent ui Word,
that he would put afhore our Powder, Shot, and other Am-
munition, 'relcrving only what was requifitc tor his own
LJfe; in an Indian I loufc ■, which he diU accordingly, and
we lent our Canoes to fetch it on board.

16. Thefc Idands arc extremely pleafant and fruitful,
abounding with all things requifite to L\(e; fuch as Filhof
various kinds, and very good Birds of ditferent forts 1 and
of amphibious Creatures fuch as are moft admired, and of
the greatcll IK:; particularly Turtles and (juanas. Bur, u
general Defcri|)tiun» arc fcldom latistaclory, I will enter
4

into a more diftinft Account of the Creatures moft remark-
able here, whether Birds, Bcafts, or amphibious AnimaU.
The Maccaw is a very beautiful Bird i his Feathers of all
the Coteun in the Rainbow. In point of Size, he refem-
bles an Hawk » in Shape a Parrot, only his Bill it pertedtly
white, and his Feet and Legs as abfolutely black. The
CaiTwn-crow is as txg as a fmall T J'k-,y, and, in all refpeets,
very hkeonc ; for I never fav 'ny '; .i'e once, eidicr in Co-
lour or Shape. The Flefti ot thf bui.'i fmclls and taller
foftrongot Muflt, that there i» ot Jting of it. 'J hete
Creatures commonly refort to Places 'lUre any dead Crea-
ture is, and feed upon it ; for which Reafon they arc called
Carrion : But the Realbn why they are calleil Crows, I
know not ; for they are nothing like them, 'The Pelican
is almod as big as a Swan. Its Colour is inclinable to
white ; only the Tips of its Wings arc brown. It hath a
long Bill, of about twenty Inches, with a very large Crop
joining to the lower Part of his Bill, and fo defcending by
the Throat like a Bag or Satchel, very obfervable, and of
a I.argenefs almoin beyond Cre<lit, inro which it receives
Oyfters, Cockles, Conchs, (:fc. or any other Shell-hlh,
which being not able to break, it retains them untj they
open, and then, vomiting them up, picks out the Meat.
As for their making an Hole in their Bread, to give thei;
Blood to their Young, I do not believe it, nor ever law any
lijch thing, altho* I have fecn thoufands, both young and oKI,
together, and have eaten many of them. They arc gixxi
F(wd ; only tliey uiic fifhy. 1 hcv have broad Feet, lilci-
a Duck, being Water-fowls -, but they rooft commonly on
Rocks, and in Trees, and always fit with their Heads to the
Wind i fo that, if the Wire! changes whilft they are u
Roolf, they turn about their Heads to it. 1 hey arc heavy
Birds, and fly very (low ■, and always, when they fit, either
on Rocks, Trees, or in the Water, they reft their Bilis
upon their Crop. 'I'he Guana is a fort of Creature, (bme
of which are found on Land, and fome in the Water. I:
is about three Feet long, more or Icfs, and is a very ugly
Creature to look at, having great, ftiarp, black and grcci
Scales, from the fore Part of his Head to the End ot Is
Tail, and a Set of great fliarp Teeth, with four long Clawi
upon each Foot. They breed comiiwnly in the Roots ot
old Trees, near the Watcr-fide, and frequent the W.itcrai
well as I jnd. When they are ftewed with a little .^puc,
they make good Broth ; and the Flefti looks very white,
and eats well ; but, if they are not extraordinary well boiirJ,
they are very dangerous to cat, making Men very fick, ana
often putting them into a Fever.

1 7. There are feveral ibrts of Sea-turtles ; but v/c iccmn
the green I urtle the beft Meat. 'Ihey have feveral lilani!s
and faiidy Bays, where they go to lay their Eggs, whitn
they do in different Places, at difttrent Times. .And
therefore at one, or at feveral of thefe Places, their Seiion
of laying is always the fame, yet, in different Places, tneir
Sealbns are different. ! have been at the catching of ihtm
in mojl times of the Year, and commonly found them tuJ
of F.ggs. When they want to lay, they go alhore in iljmc
landy Bay, and, with their Fins, make an Hole m th:
Sand alxjut two Feet and an half deep, wherein thi y ;ay
fhcir Kggs, commonly about eighty or ninety at a unit
1 hen they cover them up with the Sand they fcraixxi ou:
of the I lole ; and fo leave them for the Heat of the Sun u
hatch. Thus, they lay two or three times in a Seafon ; .ir/,
after they have laid, they go oflT to Sea, and leave ti:;
Young, when hatched, to ftiift for themlclves, which, h
IcKin as they get out of the Shell and Sand, retire to tic
Water. 'The F.ggs arc round, about the Bignefs of a l)uik>,
with a white, thin, tough Skin over them ; but no Sh ;
Both the Kggs and the 1 urtle are extraordinary good 1 o«i
I hive fren of this fort of green Turtle feveral tiiiics trM
200 to ^50 and 4(X> Wnght. The Lean of them, b.ur:
it is drelTcd, looks like Beef; hut the Fat is as irn " >>
Grafs, ami yet is very wholfome Food. The IVarl oyl'cf
is much about the Bignefs ot our common Oylter ; im: -'
and broad, h hangs to the Rocks by a long Striin', bcir '.
hke a MulTel. The Pearl lies in the thickelt Part u\ t
Some have (ix or fcvcn Pearls in them. The Spm-Mt:
make leveral Voyages to this Gulph of Nicoya, ami i ' ix I
IQaiid Califtrnia, tor thrm. 'The Indians go down n:
vcn or eight Fathom Water, and bring up eight, \.m\

Chap. I. Captain WiLHAKi Funnel l.

ftc arcouTii
rrnl Mani'.s
Kgs, whicn
ncs. And
their Scifon
I'laces their
ingot ihroi
k1 tliem tuii
\o\e in tome
Holf in the
cin till y :iy
y at a time-
lcra|)rti ou:
)f the Sun to
Sf a!on ; aivi,
k) leave the
whiell. l>
retire to iHc
„t' A Uucii'i,
but no Shii'.

_l times tr«
them, ')'-""

as (!'<■■" *
. I'v-arl ovto 1
■Iter i l»i: '-'

■niiiT-bei'''"
I'art ui ;!• |

clown :i' ' •
:iKl>t, tci. '

gcx)il. '"<^ Bf«^^' v^yiicr ijiuws lu uii.
OylUrs not haiiging to tliein by a Bca
oyrtir : WIr-ii tlK-y arc ojxmti, one I'or
Kal like a Chirry, the otlur I'art is of

twelve Oyftcrs at a time, while the Men on board open
them, lilt Mcot of this Oyiler is very green, and the
Ovlli r very I'at : I have eat of this Oyfter feveral times,
butli I'uiled !»"il llewed, and found them to be tolerably
1 he great Oyller grows to the Rocks, as other

Beard as the i'carl-
ort 'looks uf a fine
a fine White : 1
have often cat of this tort of Oyfter, but it was for want of
Utter Vidiiais: Tluyare fo large, that one of them cut in
Pieces, and lUwed, is futliticnt for a Meal for five or fix
Men. ilie MiilVels lure arc fo large, that one of them,
when ilielVed, will I'ufVice two Men ; and they are tolera-
ble t;«Kxl Victuals, when Hewed with Pepper and Vinegar:
Anil though it may be true, that, in our own Country,
thell would Itarie go down ; yet it muft be obfervcd, that
our Nicety in taring is pretty well conquered before any of
ihele Dillies ronie. to our Tables.

1 8. We tailed Irom the MiiUU Iflands on Sepumher 23.
and, on Oticter 7. we wore in the Latitude 13° 7' North,
where we had Sight of the two high Mountains, com-
monly, thougli I think improperly, ftiled the VuUanoes of
Cuauiiuilii. I'hc firil of thcfe, which is the higheft, and
atrorils a molt beautiful Prolped, hes on the North Side of
the City •, and, in the Year 1534. threw out a Torrent of
Water, wliich totally overwhelmed it, and occafioned the
Biiilclint^ ot the new City at three Leagues Diilance. The
other Mountain, which is properly a N'ulcano, lies on the
South ; and in the rainy Seafons, from y^ril to Novtmbery
rages ir.oll tenibly. It fomttimcs throws out Stones as big
as a 1 louie ; and this, wiili fiich monltrous Mruptions of
I'lanie, tli.it, at the Diltance ot fix Miles, in a dark Night,
you may tec to read a Letter. We took, on the 9th, a
Bark of aliout eighty Tons in Ballall, bound for Rio Leja.
She had a finoll (jiiantity of Provifions on board, which
were very iicctptable to us. This Bark was commanded
by one CaiJtam Chrillian Martin, a Spctunrd, born at the
CaMiies, but brought up in London -, he was Servant for-
merly to Captain Eaton, and came witJi him into the South
Seas in Qiiality of his Gunner -, but, falling out witli the
Men, ran away from tliem at the Ifland Gorgonia, where
he lay concealed fix Days, till the Ship was gone 1 after
whieh he cut dow;i two 'I'recs, which he drew to the Wa-
ter-fide, and bound them together with Twigs •, fixed a
Mail 1 and, o! two Starts which he had with him, made a
S.ii! i and, having filled 3 large Biig with Oyfters, which
l;t iiiaiic t.ill to the laid two Trees, he, in the Morning
Ktiiues, put otr from tlic Ifland C«/,gfl;;/V; i and, in the next
Day m the Afternoon, got into the Kiver of Bomtventure,
where he went afhore, and had but ill LIf'.igc fiom die Spa-
tiiurJs, wlio fcnt him to iJvia, where he was examined,
cleared himfelf, and was fet at Li', erty. He fpokc very
good EiigliJ}). We were, at tlus time, fixty-four Men and
Boys all m good Health, and in extreme high Spirits. On
Nc.anitr 23. we took a fmall Bark, of fixty Tons, from
California, laden with Plank, but having on board, like-
wife, feveral Parcels of Pearl tliat had been fifhed up on that
Coifl. On December 4. we came into the Bay of Nati-
'ciiy, in wliich we took a new Ship, of the Burden of about
fixty Tons, laden with Ammunition and military Stores
for the Ufe oi the AcapuLo Ship, for which w: were cruif-
iiig, and fur the Sight of which our i'eople longed as ear-
neflly, as if there had been no DiflFerencc between feeing
and taking her •, neither was it long before they had their
Wifli in one refjied, tho' not in another. We rook out
ot our Priie as much of the Ammunition as was left -, for
wlim they perceived our DeCgn, the Ship's Company
quitted h( r, having firfl thrown over-board the bcft Part of
thi ir Cargo, and left the reft fcattcred about in the utmoft
("onfulion.

19. Hung off the Vuhano of Ctlimd on Btctmher 6. in
the Morning, wc diliovered a Sail, and foon came up
^Mtli her. 1 his proved to he the great Manilla or Jca-
f !•!<■} Ship, which wc had been fo long willjing to meet
\Mth. As we Were well provided, we gave her a great
nuny Bioadlides before Ihe could get any of her Guns
ck.u , tor thry did not fufj)cft us to be an Enemy, and
w I re nor at all prepared for us. Captain Martin, wlio w;is
till n a Prifoncr oh board us, advilal w lay her aboard
^ I \i p. 1(1,

immediately, while they were all in a Hurry, and that thi«
would be the only Way to take her \ but if we gave then)
lb much Time* as to get out ihcir great Guns^ they would
certainly beat us to t'iccis, and we lliould lofc an Op-
portunity of making ourfelves Mafters of the Value of
fixtcen Millions of Pieces of Eight : Ami accordingly it
happened ; for Time being delayed in qu irreliing between
thole of us that would lay her aboard, and ihofc that would
not, the Enemy got out a Tier uf Guns, and then were
too hard for us -, fu that we could not lie along her Side
to do her any confidcrable Damage ; for our five Pound
Shot, which was the biggeft we had, fignified little againft
fuch a Ship as Ihe was ; but any of her Shot, which were
eighteen and twenty-four Pounders, if they happened to
ftrike us, our Ship, being very much decayed, it would
drive in a Piece of Plank of three or four Feet : So being
much damaged, and receiving a Shot particularly from the
Enemy, betwixt Wind and Water, in our Powder-room^
by which we had two Foot of Plank driven in on each Side
the Stern, the Signal was made to ftand off from the
Enemy. Our Delign being thus difappointed) all our
Men grew difcontented, and were for going Home, know-
ing we would do no good in thefe Parts, either for our-
letVes or Owners, having Provifion but for three Monthsj
and tliat very fhort, and our Ship being ready of hcrfclf to
fall in Pieces. Our Captain defired our Confent to cruife
here fix Weeks longer, and then he would permit us to
go tor India, to fome I-adory, where we might all dif-
pofe of ourfelves as we fhould think moft for our Advan-
tage. To this we all agreed, and accordingly cruifed along
Shore to the Eaftward, in Sight of the Land •, and paflcd
by feveral noted Pons, as /icapuho. Port ylngeh. Port
Guatulco, and fevtral others. Wc now intended to go in
Search of a proper Place to water our Ship and Bark, for
our propofcd Voyage to the Eaji Indies -, and, after fome
Contideration, wc fixed upon die Gulf of Amapalia for that
Purpofe.

20. January 5. 1705. we met witii fuch vaft Qiiantlties
of lilh, that, in half an Hour's time, wc caught near
thretfcorc Albicores, from fixty to ninety Pounds Weight
e.'ch, befides vaft Quantities of other Fifh. The Albi-
co.-e is about four or five Feet in Length, weighing from
50 to 100, and 150 Pound Weight : He hath eleven Fins
on his Back, one pretty large one, one middling one, and
nine fiiiall yellow ones near the Tail : He hath one large
Fin on one Side near the Gills, and twelve Fins under his
Belly ; one on each Side underneath near the Gills, one
near the Middle of the Belly, and nine fmall yellow Fins
extending to his Tail It is a very llefhy Fifhi having lit-
tle or no Bones, except the Back-bone, and is extraordi-
nary good : It is a prodigious ftrong Fifii when in the
Water : They prey moftly upon Flying-fifh, as do the
Dolphins and Bonetoes. On the 6th of this Month, a new
Revolution happened in our Affairs -, for thirty of our Men
agreed with Captain Dampicr, to remain with liim in the
South Seas, but with what View, or on what Terms, re-
mained to us, who were not of that Number, an impene-
trable Secret. Our Com pany confiftcd of tliirty-thrcc Men \
and, notwithftanding wlut had happened, we failed toge-
dier, according to our firft Refolution, for the Gulf of
Amapalia, where we arrived, and anchored on the 26th.
The very fame Day, all the Provifions that were left were
equally divided amongft us by the Owners Agent •, and wc
hail four Pieces of Cannon, with a proper Proportion of
fmall Anns and Ammunition, afiigned us for our Defence
in our Voyage. The next Care was to ake iil Water ;
and, with this View, we landed on the Ifland of Concha-
gua \ and, after fomc Search, we found behind the Hills a
large Bottom, in which was a large Plantain- walk, and a
great deal of Rain-water that fell from the Mountains.
This was very inconvenient for us ; becaule, lying fo be-
hind the Hills, we knew wc muft be forced to carry all
our Water over a high HilJ, which wc could hardly climb
by ourfelves : But feeing there was no Remedy, we firft
cut down the Bufhes, which were in our Way, to make us
a clear Path ; after which, the Hill being pretty fteep on
the Land-fide towards the Bottom, wherein was the frefli
Water, we, with our Axes and Shovels, cut out Steps in
the Hill ', and our Sail-maker having, °ui the mean time,
2 N made

1?8

TZ'^ V O Y A G E S 0/

Book I.

:^ flu

lifer

made us a Canvas Fipc of about ninety Fathom long, to
carry our Water from the Top of the Hill down to our
Caflt, which lay at the Foot of it, we went to work to
fill our Water, eacli Man having with him a lix Gallon
Cade. The Water which we took up was verv muiliiy j
and, ontheTopofit, grew Duck-weed, as it does ufually
in our Ditches : At firlt we raketl the Duck-wrcil away •,
but our Doftor perfuading us, that if wc took up the Wectis,
they would mightily preferve our Watir, wc, according
to his Advice, took up both Weals and Water togfther.
When each Man had filled his fix Gallon Calk, he carrail
it up to the Top of the Mill, and tlien poured it into the
Canvas Pipe, which conveyed it down thf Hill into our Cask.
Thus we employed ourlelves for four Days 1 an;!, having
filled about twenty-five Tons, wliich we condoled would
laft longer than our Vi(5luals, and got it on boan! our Vtflcl,
the next Day, being Janutry ;? 1 . 1 705. wc all went aftiorc
to the Plantain-walk ', and, having cut down a fufficient
Qiiantityof them, wc returned at Night on board our Vcl-
fel, intending to fail next Day. This Fvening, two ot our
Men, who had rclolved to Itay with Captain Dampier., Kft
him, and came over to us j fo that now we were thirty-five
in Number, r/2. thirty-four Englijb, and one little Negro
Boy, whom we had taken from the 5';i«f»itfr</j. Duringtlie
Time of our watering our Bark, the Men on board the
Ship belonging to Captain Dampier, were bufy in refitting
their Ship as well as they could : The Carpenter flop-
ped the Shot-holes, wliich they had in their Powder-
room, with Tallow and Charcoal, not daring, as he laid,
to drive in a Nail, for fear of making it worfc -, and the
four great Guns, which ufually ftood between Decks, were
put down into the Hold, there being fixteen bcfidts, wliich
was more than they ha<l Men to manage; for there remained
with them no more than twenty-eight Men and Boys, and
moft of them landmen; which was a very inlignificant
Force, for one who was to make War on a whole Nation.

2 1 . We left the Gulph of - hnapitllii on 1-el/ruary 1 . 1 70*.
and Captain Dampier^ with his Ship the Si. George, at An-
chor in it. Wc rteered out Ixtv, en the Gulph of .ima-
falla and the V[a.n<\ Mangera, ami many times had not
above two Fathom Water. We hatl a fine Gale of Wind
at North-ealf, which foon carried us out of the Moutli of
the Gulph. So long as we had been in any of the Har-
bours on this Coall of Mexico, we had fcldom been allowed
any thing but Flour, excepting that we ufed to go afhore,
and found upon the Rocks Store of Conchs, Oyfters, Mul-
■fcls. Snails, (sc of which we made many a go<xl Meal.
But now, being m hopesof getting into a l..indof Plenty,
we bore Hunger with more Patience •, ami, indeed, we had
neetl of great Patience ; for now our Commons were lef-
fencd to half a Pound of coarfe Flour a Man pn D.iy,
with two Ounces of fait Meat every other Day. Our Vel-
fel Wis a fmall Bark, with two Mafts, of alx)ut feventy
Tons, which wc hiul ta'<en from the Spaniards -, but, whiHl
we lay here, (he was [\> eaten by the Worms, that fhc bc-
gar» to grow very leaky ; and, to aild to our Afflictions,
wc had no Carpenter ; neith( r, if any of us fhould fall fick,
had we any Dodor, or .iny Me<iicines to make ufe of-,
and, wlucli wxs worll of .ill, w^- had no Boat to afTift our-
fclves, It our VelTtl (hould tail us •, for tlu- Doftor, C.ir-
penter, aiul Ikwt, were left with Captain Dampier: Yet,
trufting to (Jod's Providence, who liad already delivertil
us out of (b many Dangers, we proceedeil on our intended
\'o>agc to InJta. A bokier Attempt tlian this, all Cir-
cumflances confidered, was perhaps never made bvfuch an
1 landfill U Men ; and nothing but a Defire of feeing our
Country, could have fupported us under it.

2 2. 'I'he very Prof|Hft of the Difficulties that we were
Turc to go thro', gave us Spirits to provide againfV them ;
and we held, on this Occafion, a kind of Council, in wliich
we determined on two Things ; the firft was our Courfe,
and the latter w.is our Allowantc. We knew very well,
that the Wind wc then had was only a Und wind ; and
that, by running one hundred leagues to Sea, we Ihould
meet with tiie true Trade-wind, blowing cither North
eaft, or F.aft North-caft. Our Bufinefs wasthen to get into
the Latitude of i^" North, which is that of the inand of
Cuam, and then to bear away before the Wind. It was on
J-tirtun 2. that we determined thcfc Points. All that Day,

and moft of the Night, was fine calm Weather-, fo tlut
we caught abundante of Yellow-tails, which were fwim-
ming about our VcfVcl. This Fifh is about four Feet in
Length, and has twenty Fins on his Back ; one middlirg
one near the hinder Part of his Head, one large one near
the Miildle of his Back, and eighteen fmall ones, ftretch-
ing from the Urge one to his Tail. He has two large
Fins near his (iills, one on each Side \ and thirteen under
his Belly, viz. one middling one underneath the Gills, one
large one near the Middle of his Belly, which goes in with
a Dent, and eleven finall one% ftretching from the large
one to his Tail, which is half mooned : He has a vm
large Head, a gnrat F'.ye, and is extraordinary good Fo<Ki.
It IS very flelliy, having no Bone but the Back bom :
Thefe Fifh, when taken by us, looked very white, but t! ■
Tips of their Fins and 'Jail were yellow ; and for tliis Kea-
fon wc called, them Ytllow-t.ails. They were very wclcoii!.;
to us J for, whilil they lafted, which was three Days, v
faved our Provifions, feeding upon nothing elle but tl s
Fifh. On February 3. the fiift Part of the Day, it wa,
calm J in which tune, five or fix Turtles coming near tl.j
VifTcl, we caught two of them, which flill ferved to lit I;)
us, and fave our Sea-ftorcs, which otherwile had not htm
fulficient to keep us from perilhing.

2 j. On the Fvening ot the liime Day, we had the I and.
wind at North-eaft, a fine brisk Gale 1 and therefore wr
took our Departure fnim Mount Si. Miibael, in the (ii;|| 1
of .Imapalla; and continued our Courfe South weft, an.i
South-well by Wcfl, till we were in the Latitude of 10';
ami then, finding we had the Trade-wind, we bore awj,
Weft Nonh-wert, accoriling to our former Relolutop
The next Thing we did, was to inake Studding-fajls o'
of our Main-liul, and Main-top-fail 1 we got our Studdirg
fail up by Day-break every Morning, and at Sim-(et halal
them down again ; for it commonly blew fo frefh in t.u
Night, that we were forceil to fct our Top-fail, and, witj
the riling of the Sun, the Wind abated ; yet we always
hail .IS much as we could well carry with our Studuing-
fails. We continued, during our whole Voyage, to adhtre
fteadily to that Rule of Diet, which wc hail prcfcribd
ourfelves ; and of the Slendemefs of which the Reai!-r
will be a proper Judge, when I enter a little into Panm:-
lars. From the third to the laft of lel/ruary, we fed in
tirelynixm Plantains, making two Meals a Day, and allow-
ing each Man rwo Plantains at a Meal. We then had ::■
courfe to our Fhjur, of which half a Pound a Day was il
lowed to i-ac!» Man, md every other Day two Ounces 0:
lalt Beef or Pork ; but the Meat had been fo K)ng in Sa:,
tlut, when we boiled it, it ftirunk one half; and therefor'
we concluded, that it would be better to cat it raw, wlu.h
wc did, fo long as it laflcd, all the Voyage after : But, r.
the Beginning ot the Month of ^i^r//, that began to fa,:,
fo that we were forced to have rccourlc to Flour alon: ;
which, bcfides its fx-ing meafurcd out to us in fo fcantj i
Prqjortion, as half a Pound to each Man for a wh<jle Day,
was likewilc very much fjxjiled, being full of Magge,
Spiders, and other Vermin ; fb that nothing but the Kx-
tremity of Want couki oblige us to cat it. It is, MrJ,
furprifing to brhoKI this ftrange Change, and t(j pi-a:;.:
Flour, that a tew Days before w.as white ami fine, : . 1
manner all alive, the Maggots tumbling one over anutic
On flricl Inquiry, however, it fccms, this Cltingc is p '".'
duccd by the F'.ggs of Spiders dcj)ofited amongll it -, lu ,
out of thefe, the Maggots are bred, which fed v(jracn)u.".v
on what aftbnled them a kind of Ncft, till fucii timn i!
they became living Creatures. It muft be conleflld, I'l' I
Words very faintly defcribc the Miferies of fuch a l.ifi.j< [
this ; but then it muft be confiilcred, that Woik nu<!'
the Time pals away ; and that the Hopes of act oniiilul:
ing a very difficult \'oyage, keeps up Mens Spmis, .."
gets the better of their Apprchenfions of finking im-- ■
Some little occafional Ainflances we met with in iliis la^
Courfe, fuch as Jijmetimcs cat( hing a l")olphin ; at oik
times we fiiw many Sea birds, fiich as Boobies, Nod...'
yc. which would torne and fettle upon our VclRl, i -
happy was he that could catch one of them. In this ira
ncr wc paflcd away aliout ten Weeks ; at the Fiidot w.'i^
we were in a very melancholy Condition, and ii<t!iii'g?
the Ho[ie» of Ipccdily fidng Lami, could |!ofIiijly ii^^

3ok I. B Chap. I. Captain William Funnel l.

kept uj from defpaiiing •, but, as this was daily expeftcd,
ic tools, up all our Tlwughts, and calmed all our Sorrows.

24 .Ipril 10. we law the Clouds gather about the Ho-
rizon much more than ufual : This was a fu re Sign of
Land \ lor it is common between the Tropics to be foggy
over the Land, though it be never fo clear at Sea \ there-
lore all thiJ Night we took care to look out, and on the
I ith, in the Morning betimes, we law the Iflandof A%ff»,
bearing Weft, diftant about ten Leagues. It is an high
wooiiy Wand, and very plain and green on the Top : So
we (loud towards it •, and, wh. n we had brought it to
bear North, diftant about a Mile, being fo near, we laid
our Siiip by, and fevcral Fiihing-boats came to us, and
brought us fome Fifli, with Eggs, Yams, Poutoes, i^c.
The Men in thofe Fiiliing-boats were a very tall large-
limbM I'eople, of a uwny Complexion, having long black
Hair reaching down to their Middle. Tiiey all go ftork-
naked, not lb much as covering their private Parts. In
Exchange of what wc had of them, we would have given
them M^)ncy \ but they looked on it, and gave it us again,
making Signs to us to give tliem Tobacco in the room of
it i which we did, and they fecmed very much plcafed.
We alio gave them fome old Shirts, which they imme-
diately tore in Pieces, and rolled them round their Heads.
We would have given each of them a Dram of Brandy,
but they were afraid to drink it : Only one of them, feeing
us drink to each other, and that ic did us no hurt, at lail
made Signs, tiiat he would drink with us : So we gave him
aGialbful, whichhe immediately drank off-, but we thought
tlie I ellow would never fliut his Mouth again -, for he was
jo amazed ac the Heat it had left in his Mouth, and in his
Bciiy, that, I believe, he thought he had fet himfelf on
lire. He laid himfelf down, and roared like a Bull,
which feared moft of the reft of them away : After he had
roared near half an Hour, he fell fait allcepi and we, being
in hailc, put the poor Fellow into his Boat, and made
Signs to his Cofiforts to take care of him, tlut he might
nuttoll overboard. They I'cemed to be a very civil People ■,
but, however, wc did not care to let too many of them
come into our Vcffcl at a time. Their Language we could
not underlland at all. When they (irft approached us,
they tied two Sticks together, in Falhion ot a Crofs, and
klj chein up tor us to fee ; which was, as we fuppol'ed, to
fignify to us, that they had fome Knowledge of die Chri-
ftiai! Religion : We, in Return, Ihewcd them a Crucifix,
wiiich we had taken from the Spaniards ; at the Sight of
which they all bowed their Bodies, and came on board.
IJiis Illaiul of MagoH, I conceive, lies in the Latitude of
ij'Nurih.anJ we made Longitude from the Mouth of St.
Mi(batl\ Weft i lo" 9', or 7029 Miles, allowing between
58 and 59 Miles to a Degree of Longitude in this Parallel.
The Boats that thcfc Fiftiermen came on board in, were
about forty Feet in Length, and about fcventcen or eighteen
Inches broad aloft, but not above three broad below :
Their Hiaii and Stern were alike: The Bottom, to the
Water's Ildgc, was one intire Piece, but hollow ; upon
which, for the Side of the Boat, was a Piece of thin
Plank, about three Feet broad, and of the fame Length
as tlic Boat itfelf : It had its lower Fxlgc fewed with
Rattans to the Bottom of the Boat : They had two long
Polei put out of one Side \ one was within ten Feet of one
End of the Boat, and the other within ten Feet of the
other End, fo that they lay diftant from each other about
wo Feet -, the Poles were about thirty Feet in Length ; at
the End of which was a long Piece of Phink, about
twt nty-one Feet, of the fame Shape, and about one-fourth
Part of the Bignct of the Bottom of the Boat : This Piece
is laid acrofs at the one End of the Poles tiom the one Pole to
the other, where it is very fccurely made taft j and this, all
: together, is called theOutlaycr,orOutlcaker. This is always
the Wcathcr-fide, and theUfeofit is to keep the Boat from
overlctting . for, without the Outleakcr, the Boat is fo
liiarrow, that it would not bear itfelf: They have but one
ISail, which is made d" Mat, and like our Bermudas Sail 1
ht IS not above two Inches broad at Top, and hales out by
La Boom : When they have a mind to go about, it is only
Ikttmg Ko the Sheet of the Sail, and haling aft on the
jfame Side, at the other End of the Boat -, and then that
J»!uch was the Stern bcfoie, becomes the Head, any End
1

159

going foremoft, and no DiftinAion in the Building of
either End, but it is the fame Side ftill that always remains
the Weather-fide. The Conveniency of thefe Veftels are
very great, and the Contrivance of them exceedingly in-
genious, fo that we are able to build nothing like them.

25. It was refolved, on mature Deliberation, to bear
away from hence for the Coaft of New Guiney, without
putting in to the Iftand of G»<7m, of which we had Sight.
The Weather continued fair, and the Wind brisk, as well
as favourable, till wc arrived in the Latitude of 4* North ;
and then we had a Calm for no lefs than feven Days -, in
which Space we had no way to relieve our Hunger,but by
drinking a good large Draught of Water, and then lying
down to flcep. On the 3d of May, we had a fine Gale,
which continued to the 5th, when it died away before we
faw any Land. About ten in the Evening, we were all
feiifible of a very odoriferous Smell brought to us by the
little Air there was -, from whence we concluded, that we
could not be far diftant from Ibme Land, whence thb fra-
grant Breeze muft blow. Upon this, we began to fcarch
our Charts, but to no manner of purpol'e ; for in none of
them was there any Land laid down. The next Morning,
however, we Ibund our Conjcflure verified, and aftually
faw Land at no great Difbnce. The fame Day wc caught
two Bonctoes, which were very welcome to us ; for they
made a good Meal for all our Company. This Fifti is
commonly about three Feet in Length, and two F«et
about i he hath two middling Fins on his Back, with
eleven fmall ones, ftretching to his Tail, the like Number
oppofite, under his Belly, with two large ones, one on
each Side, near his Gills ; a very (harp Head, With a fmall
Mouth ; a full Eye, and an half-mooned Tail ; it is a
very flefhy Fifti, having no Bone but his Back-bone, and
they make very good Broth. About Noon we were in
Sight of three fmall Iftands, all of them low Land, but
exceedingly green and pleafanc, affording a moft delightful
Profpcd from the Sea, and efpecially to us, who had not
feen Land for fo long a time. We had Ukewifc an Obfer-
vation, by which wc found, that we were in the Latitude
of 50 North ; and, as the Eaftermoft of thofe Iflands was
four Leagues to the South-eaft, it muft be, coofequencly,
in the Latitude of 42 North.

26. As we were cautious of venturing upon an un-
known Coaft in the dark, we ftood off all Night -, and
very well it was for us, that wc did fo t for the next Morn-
ing, being the 7th of May, about Day-break, we found
ourfelves within a Ship's Length of a great Ledge of
Rocks, which ran from one Iftand to the other, which
we not feeing fxfore, and thinking to go between the
two Iflands, had like to have been upon them : But,
through God's Mercy, a fmall Breeze of Wind coming
from the Shore, we got off, and ftood to the Wcftermoft
Ifland, becaufc we faw many Sholss lying off the reft of
them. The Rocks we were like to have been upon were
near the Northermoft Ifland, which, upon account of out
miraculous Efcape, we called the Ifland of Deceit. When
wc came near the Weftermoft Ifland, which was the big-
geft of the three, we ftood in for the Ifland » and, as we
drew nearer, about forty or fifty of their flying Proes
came oft', and in them might be about 450 Men, allow-
ing ten to each Proe ; and we could difcern Multitudes of
People upon the Shore ; for, as we pafTed by any of
thcfc I Acs to go to the next, the People alfb followed us -,
their flying Proes lay at a Diftance from us, and viewed us,
till we beckoned, and made Signs for them to come to us i
then one of them, which was in the Midft, advanced to-
wards us, and, being pretty near, lay and looked on us for
awhile. We flill made Signs for him to draw nearer ;
then he came within a Ship's Length of us, and lay ftill
again. In her were ten Men, all naked, and, in the
Midft of them, a grave old Man, of a pleafant Coun-
tenance, who had on his Flead a Four-corncr'd Cap,
without a Crown, but otherwife he was quite naked, as
were all die reft of them. This Man, by the Refped all
the reft in the Boat fliewed to him, we guelfed to be a
King or Prince. At their Approach to us they fung a
Song, which continued about a Quarter of an Hour : Wc
could not underlland it, but it was tuned very prettily :
When this Sona was done, they came almoft clofe to our
* Veftel't

Iff

1 Wri

.1! .i n

14^

Wflel's SkI.', niul tlini fiing another Song. This waj
begun by the t;r,.vc oM Man, and tolowc-a by all '^/^
in the Ikut •. Nvhu:h donMh.y j>ut themlfivcs m alottua
of praying, and made lev. ral Bows and Lnngcs towards
us, ..ftcr the Manner of their Country ; then one ot the
Men in the Boar, havlni:; a v.ry fore l;Cg, held it up to
us and wlnted to the Wound. By tl>e Signs he made
to us we undc.ftoo.1, th.it he would have us to cure it i
for we being white, and they having p. oluMy never rcen
any white Men Ufore. they fetmed as li they did not
think us to be mortal Men. After this «e [MUired fomc
Water out of a Bucket into a Cilafs, and, pointing to our
Moutlis, made Sigtv; that we wanted Vifluals and Drink :
Then they (book their Heads, ui way ot Denial, as 1 lup_
ixifc i but, feting us ftiil nuke towards the bland, one of
the Men in the Boat blew an I lorn ; at the Sound ot which,
ail the reft of the Boats m:ide boldly to us : Dpon this,
wc all believing they would be alxjard ot us, hred a
Mufiiutt over them, not defigning to harm, but only U)
frighten them ; at the Noilc of which they teemed won-
derRilly amaz.d, and drew back, menacing us at a Diltanee
with tiieir Padilles, and flill following us. So teeing, as
I faid before, many Hundreds of them ui^n the Shore,
and finding we could have nothing from them but by
Force, and having no .Anchors or Cables by which we dared
tmft our Bark, and, befidcs, having no Boat to go .alhore
in, lb that IhouKl we fwim afiiore, as fome ot our Men
propofed, yet we could not carry our .Arms with us, and
the [itJidiis mij^ht knock us in the Head with Stones
whilft wc were in the Water, we concludcii there was
no go.)d to b.- done here : Wherefore, examining our
Water, and linding llilficient for eighteen Days, at a Quart
of Water each Man prr Day, we relblved to leave thel'e
Idands, and to trull to God's Providence to guide us to a
more friendly Place, where we might fupply our Wants,
not doubting but we Ihould furniih ourfclves with Wat( r
at fome bland or other, in a Place where there were lo
many : .So we I ft the liitl I (lands, and cilled the Wctler-
mort ot them I he Ifland of Difappointmrnt, becaulc we
made ccitain Aciuunt ol getting tome Water here, but
could not. rhey were all three low, flat, even Illands
full of levcral Sorts of Trees, all very green and tlourilbing ;
and, no doubt, if we had had a Bo.it, wc might have met
with (bmething which would liave Ixen lx-ne(icial to our-
felves, and of AiivanMgc to our Country, as wc might
alfo at fcveral other fmal! Idands, which we afterwards
p.ifTed by. The bih.ibitants of mod ot thel'e Illands were a
very large ftrong-boncd People. They h.id long, black,
llriit Hair, which reached down to their Middle; and
they all go (!ark-iiaked, not lb much as covering their
privy P.irts. I think I never (aw fuch a Parcel of ftout-
liinbed Ptliows toget.'ier in my Lite. It is certain, there-
fore, that the Iflands hereabouts are abundantly jx-opled,
though tliey are utteily uvcrle to any Communication with
Whites, perhaps from a Notion, that all Whites are
Spaniards \ ami yet it is not altogether clear, that even
the Spaniards ever attempted making a Settlement in any
t)f tjK'fe Klands.

27. When we left thcfe Illands, wc had a frc/h Gale of
Wind at l-.^ll ; and, (leering South-well, we met conti-
nually with Weeds and Gra(i in the Water ; which inclined
us to believe, that wc were not far from [.and ; and yet,
on li)unding, we had no Ground at .m hundred Fathom.
On the eighth of May, early in the Morning, we difcerncd
the Coall of AVw Guiney ; from which we were then
dillant eighteen or nineteen Leagues. The Sight of I^and
engaged us to think of building a Boat with a few old
Boanls, .md luch other Materials as we had, though they
did not feein altogether fit for the Purpofc ; which Boat,
when completed, though it was not the llrongcft or mcft
Ik autitul thing 111 the World, yet proved exceeding ufehil
•ind convmient. On the 9th, wc had very bad Weather,
the Wind (hitting .ill round the Compafs. We had time
rnough to lonfiiler this Part of Nnj Guiney withmucli
Attention ; the 1 .and appeared very mountainous, black,
and nxky, without I larliour. Bay, or Road, where we
might aiuhor liifely. The Mountains were lb bleak and
barren, the \'a!leys fo narrow and deep, that we, at firll
Sight, conceived the Country uninhabited ; nor did our

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

future Acquaintance rngn^^e lis to rhanfre our Opini,,.
(ince we f.iw no inh.ibitants, or Signs ot Inh.ibitantr Tl
fime Day we palTed by two fmall IllamU, r.ich nt wlw!
might be a League in length; thry were low, Init vny
well clothed with fmall green Trec^. We faw, at the Iji,;-
time, Part of the gre.it Irtand of GiUoh, at eight I .ej^-nr,
Dillancc, anil kept on our Conrfc Weil Sotith-W' '», in.
tending to pals through that Iflaml, and the Contin , t,,!
Nrw Guiney, into the h.nft Mia Sea. We had very bad
Weather till the eleventh, and, the Night bi-ing very dark,
wc milTcii the common Paflage, and toiind ourlelves in iIk'
Morning among many Iruall Iflands ; when, jKrceiving wr
h.id ovcrlhot the PalTage, and the Wind being at l-^all, w
relblved to look out tor a P;:(ragc to the Southw.m',
among(ithofc Illands : Accordingly wcftootl to the .Soiiil;.
ward, but found a great many Rocks andSholcs, whidi
ftn-tched from one Ifland to another : At Night, ihcrt
being little Wind, and not daring to venture funlur
amongtt thofe iinfrcqucntcti Iflands and Sholcs.wc retblvid
to lie-by, intending, in the Morning, if the Wind,
Ibould prove Wellerly, to return back, and go througli tlic
common Pafl"age •, but, if it ftill continued t'jfterly, thn
to endeavour to fiml out a new Paflage to the Wedwaril.
J'his Night we law two or three Fires, which Were made
on fhorc by the Inhabitants. The Illands here were ircii
of them of a good Height, and pretty well cloathed wiih
fVvcral Sorts of Trees, which all appeared very green aid
tlourifliing. On the 12th, we had fair Weather, with i
fine freftiGale at North-caft: So we proceetled to the Wcl'-
ward, and, at the lame time, had atlrong Tide fettingto
the Weft ward. About eight this Morning, we Ihot Ic-
tween two high Head-lands, which were dillant from e.ich
other near two Miles. I'jxin this, fomc of us went to tht
'Top-maft-head,to look if we had a clear PafTagc through,
and wc fiw no 1 IindraiKc : So we got througli by two n
the AttrriKXin. It wai in length about feven l-eagms,
and aboin two Milts broad. In it wc could find no .\;i-
chonige, till within a Ship's Length of the Shore, and
then we had thiny 1 athoni Water. The Land lure \ut
of an inihftcrent Height, and very wootly. At Nwn,
the I ide fitting back to the Laftward, and it being cilm,
we ilrove, by five in the F.vening, Iwlf way b.ick again,
ami drow: with our Vefld lb near the Shore, that we k?; i
her olT" With our Poles •, and might have ftepped from our
B,irks to the Shore, and yet our VeflTel never touched th;
(irouiid, the Water bring very deep clofc to the .Sho".
Not long after, a thong liale li>ringing iiji again by livi
m the F.vening, we got clear ol this Streight the (aimj
time; and thm it fell calm again, and wc drove with 1:/
Tide, which Ibll let to the Weftward. In this Streight u
faw a dying Proe under Sail, but it did not come near i:s.
We alio, in Ibmc of the fntwil Bays, faw fevcral oki
Houfes, lomc Handing, and fome half down, but cou'J
not lee any Inhabitants. On the 13th, wc had little VV:^
at Faft South-caft, and fomctimes calm ; but, when w;
h.id any Wind, we fteercd away South by Weft. Here »;
faw a great many Iflands to the Sowhward of us, but nonr
of them lb near together, but that there wtis room to [ili
between them, and fcarcc any Ground to be found wst't
one hundretl Fathom of Line. We ftill found we g ?
but very little, the Tides letting fometimes to the.Sou!.>
ward, and then again to the Northward j fo that we wr."
not got yet alx)ve a I..eaguc to the Southward of the likl l
Streight, which we, after the Name of our Bark, ^M
St. John's Streights ; and, 1 believe, wc were the ii |
Eurtptans tlut ever pall it.

28. At this time a l.irge Indian Proe caine on board?. I
in which w.is a l- ree man of Amboyna. Wc acquainteil h.s
with our great NS'ant of Vidluals, having had nothin;; ^<f\
a long time to cat but Flour and Water, and to little
that, as would hanlly keep us alive. He told us, it « |
would go to the Illand o( Manipa, which was then in Siri*'
he would be our Pik)t, and carry us in, where he dul r^»l
doubt but we might have Rice enough for our Moikv tid
carry us to Batavia. Accordingly wc fteercd direiJllywl
Manipa, and, in our Way, palled by the Iflind Kr':M
which IS a fmall, but high Iflmd, Very well inhabit'd, iKi
(loathed with levcral Sorts ot Trees. Its duel Prndii
Rice, and fon« lew Clovei i and here was ADuub^'^j

1""1

chap. I. Captain William Funnel l.

poral, with fix Soldiers, whofc only Buflnefs it wu to fee
aln the Clove-trees cut down and dcftroycii. From hence
we proceeded to Manipa, where wc arrived about twelve
at Night, anil came to an Anchor in a fmall Bay at the
Norih-wift End of the Ifland : Then our Dulch Pilot fent
two Men afliorc with a Letter to the Governor, to ac-
quaint him with our Wants. On the 23d, betimes in the
Morning, a Duttb Corporal, with two Soldiers, came on
board, and read to us ..n Order which he had from the
Dutch Eajl India Company ; That if any Ships, except
thofe Ulongingtothc Dulch Euft /»^/j Company, anchored
ihirr, they wcro not to fupply them with any thing. We
tolil liim, it was (or want ot Viftuals that we were forced
to lui in licri 1 and that, if we c«)uld have fubfiltcd. wc
Ihoiiid not have touched at any Place till our Arrival at

Btitavta : NM.eifore we dcfircd him to go afhore again,
ami inform the liovemor o\ our Wants. He, feeing us in
a viry weak Condition, promifed he would, and that he
wouM bring us Word again : Accordingly lie went alhorc,
and, at four in the Evening, rctumal again, and brought

11', Wonl, Tliat we fliould have no Provifion there •, but,

it wt would go to yhnhymi, there we might be fupplied.

So wc were forced to leave this unfriendly Place, and en-
deavour, if the Wind would permit, to go to Jmhoyna,

This III ind of Manipa is in Length, South-eaft and North-

wtll, alxjiit filteen Miles, in Breadth about eight, and lies

ii> the Latitude of 3° 25' South, and Wellward of the

Iilind Bonott about twenty Miles. It is a remarkably high

Illand, and pretty well inhabited by the Malayans^ as arc

all tiie Molucca Illands. It is Sholt almoll all roimd \

which Sholcj, fome of them, ftretch a League and an half

of!" the Shore : Wherefore, unlels a Man be acquainted, or

his gooi Draughts ot the Place, it is ilangerous coming

near it. The Illand is of a good Height, but not fo high

a.s th' Iflanil Keylan bclbrc-mentioned : On it are fevcral

goal S[irings of trefli Water •, and, on the jBouth-wcft

SkIc oI the Iflanil, the Dutch have a fmall Fort of fix

Guns. The Ifland is governed by a Dutch Serjeant, three

Corprah, anila Mafttr Guiuier, and they have under them

twenty Dulch .Soldieis, On this Ifland grows vaft Plenty of

Clovts and Rice, of which they fend great Quantities to

Amboyna. The Inhabitants are mod ot tliem Eifhcrmcn.

They catch abundance of Fi(h here, not only for their

own life, hut alfo to fupply Anboyna.
29. Weftood totheSoutli-weftward, having the Wind

at South South-eaft •, and, it blowing frelh, we reefed our

Toi)-laiN, and went away under our Courfes. We were

now quite out of Heart -, for we did not expeft to reach

/ImkyHii, the South-call Monfoons lx:ing fet in, which

Wind was right againll us ; and belidcs, it blew fo hard,

that »vi touid fcarce carry any Sail -, and we could not think

ol getting to Batavia, becaufe we had not V'idluals to carry

us tiiither ; antl bcfidcs, as the Wind was, we could not

weather the Sholts, which lie to the Eaft South-eaft of the

Illaiiil of Beuion : So that, being almoft in Defpair, and

the Winil continuing, we kejn our Courfc to the South-
ward, till we came over-3'5ainll the Illand Rouro ; ami then,

the Wiml veering to tlie South South-weft, we ftooil away

South-call : But, tinding a ftrong Current fctting to Lee-
ward, to that we rather lofl than got Ground, and feeing

no Liktlihootl of getting to Jmtoyna, wc, by general Con-

fent, fhared all that was eatable on board our Vcffel j and

the Whole of what each Man's Share amounted to was fix

I'ounds and three Quarters of Flour, with five Pounds of

Bran ; and every one ileligned to be as fparing of his Part

as lie could. On the z^tli, the Wind veering about to

the South South-eaft, we tacked, and llooil to the South-
well ; and loon weathered the Ifland of /hblow, which is a

fmall Illand, not above three Leagues in Length. It is of
I an imliffere nt I leight, and lies in the Latitude of 4" 5' South.

It IS jiretty well turnilhed with Irecs of fcveral forts •, but
I not inhabiteil : Neither do I know, whether there be any
llrclh \\ ater iipn ic. From hence we continued our Courle
Itill twelve at Night, when an hanl Gale of Wind coming
Idown upon us, Ixrforc (through Weaknefs) wc could hand
Icur Sails, it alir.oll overfet our Veflel. It fplit our Main-
|fail and Main-topfail all to Pieces, broke our Main-Uay,

and two of our Forc-lhrouds. As foon as the Squall was

ever, it fell calm i and then wc had fo great a Sea, occa-

NuMB. llj.

fioned, as I believe, by the meeting of feveral Currents,
that, we thought, our Bark could not hold it out, flie la-
boured fo much i and the Sea took us fo on all Sides, that
wc were almoft covered with Water. On the 26th, it fpnmg
up a fine frefli Gale at South-eaft : Whcreujion, knowing
we could not weather the Sholes, we tacked, and ftood
away North-eaft for the Ifland oi Amboyna. On the 27th,
the Wind continuing, we held the fame Courfc -, and, on
the 28th betimes in the Morning, (iiw the Illand of /1m-
boyna, bearing due North, diftant about fix Leagues : So
wc ftood away dircdlly for the Ifland, and, by Noon, came
juft off" the 1 larboui- ; a joyful Sight to us then ! tho' wc
had, foon after, Caufe to look upon it as the worft Sight wc
had ever fccn : So frail are the Hopes of Man, and fo apt
are we to defire what leads to our own Dcftruftion I

30. As we entered the Harbour of y^w^cywa, we met with
two Ships coming out, laden with Cloves, and bound for
Batavia. The Captain of one of thefe Ships came on board
us, defired to know whence we came, whither bound, and
a Journal of our Voyage, promifing to return it, when he
fliould meet with us at Batavia. We gave him the beft
Anfwer we could to all his Demands ; and our Owners
Agent gave him a (uccinct Relationof our Voyage; which
was a very happy ^Vc cideiit, fince to it we owed our Piefer-
vation, as will be Ihewn hereafter. That Night we ftood
in to the Harbour ; and, the next Morning, which, accord-
ing to our' Account, was TuefJay, but with them IVednef-
day, two Dutch Or^mbi(s (for fo they call the Veifcls
which they ufe there) came on board us, each rowed, or
rather paddled, by forty Men. In thefe Veffels came
the Fifcal, Secretary, ieveral Dutch Gentlemen, and
about eighty Soldiers, who took PolfcfTion of our Bark.
They alfo went down, and fealed up all our Cherts ; and
the two Orambies towed us in -, and, ly Nfwn, wc got
up as high as the Town, where they moored our Vcf-
fcl in the common Anchoiing-place. Here we continued
till the 31ft, not knowing how tiiey dcfigned to dilpofe of
us V in which Time they would not aflbixi us any Viftuals,
tho' we offered them a Crown for a Pound of Be- f. Pork,
or Bread. In the Evening, we were all fent on fliorc, wl.ere
they had provided two Rooms for our R< ception near the
Stadt-houle ; and our Bark, Money, and Gooi'~, except
what we had about us, were all taken from us : And, foon
after, our VeflTel and Goods were fold at a public Outcry.
We were fed with very bad Meat, which we, who had been
at Short-allowance fo long, and our Stomachs very weak,
could ill digeft 1 and, if we would have better, we muft
buy it with our own Money. Several of us had the
good I .uck to have fome Money about us, and, as long as
tliat lailed, we bought our own Viftuals of our Keeper for
a Spanijh Dollar, which was five Shillings and a Peny Va-
lue, tho' he would give us no more than five Dulch Shillings,
to the Value of about half a Crown -, and, for this Half-
crown, we could have no more Vidtuids, than we could
have bought for Five-pence, if we had been at Libc-rty to
go into the Town •, fo that, inllcad of having five Shillings
for our Spaniflj Dollar, we had indeed no more than five
Pence. It cannot be- expeded, that, after fuch hard Ufage
as this, I Ihould be extremely fond of the Butch Govern-
ment at Amhoyna. However, the l.eifure I had. and tiie
feveral Opportunities that offered, of inquiring into the prc-
fent Condition of the Place, led me to frame a pretty large»
and, i will be bold to fay, juft Account of that Illand, and
all its Inhabitants. This, I ilatter myfelf, will \y: the more
acceptable to the Public, becaufe of the Care taken by the
Dutch to ftitle all Dekiiptions of this I'l.icc, even by tluir
own People ; fo that I never heard of any lately printed :
And this Conduft of theirs is founded on a Maxim of the
Eaft India Company, viz. that the bell Way to prelerve
their Trade in thofe Parts, and particularly thdr Monopoly
of Spices, is to contrive every poUibie Method for deterring
other Nations from fending Ships into that Part of the
World, and to ufe fuch as llraggle thither in fuch a man-
ner, as to fright their Countrymen effeduaily from lollow-
ing their Example.

3 1 . I'his Ifland of Amloynay fo famous or rather infa..
mous, for the Cruelties that were formerly coinmitt'.d there
by the Dutch upon the Englijhy is in Length from North-
cart to South-weft, twelve Leagues. It is high and moun-

i O taif.ous.

M/i

141

77;^ V O Y A G E S of

Book I.

1 Ij

w ^

i i^

1 >

l^.i {■':

Vik.

f'l

-% n ■

M'U

uinous. The HilU are, in great meafure, barren ; but the
Valleys arc very fruitful. The Soil is black, and the Sur-
face affords Sult-pcire. The Middle of the I Hand lies m the
Utitudc of about i' 4' South. It is inhabited by yVW*y-
mu who are the original Natives. They arc ol « "I'd-il"
Stature, and tawny •, but the Women are ot a brighter
tawny than the Men, and have long bl.ick Han, which
reaches down to the Calves of their Legs. They have round
Faces, fmall Mouths, Nofes, and Lips. They wear a Li-
nen Waiftcoat, which reaches no farther than the lower

Part of their Breafts -, and, alxHit their M'cidle, they wear ^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^.^ .^^^

aP.eeeofClo.h,aboutfourYmlsw,de,a«la^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Tl ir l)mmr is always the fame, bring a Pint of co.,„
This they roll round them, and it fc^^;;.J " '^^^t,'! ' ,,' Ai. boiled tor e.^h Man. At one they arc lint to wo
Sn^lS; "^S^;::^:i;riS- £ ^m. wh.. ...ey connnue tiil .ix in the Evening, at w,,
allowed to we.ir an Hat, ixctptingtiiily th.ir King.

vernment, if they are found guilty of Thieving, they oft n
cut off their Nolirs and I'.ars, and put a great Iron Ch.iii,
about their Legs, and fo make them Slaves during l.ile.
There were near 500 of thefc poor Wretches, who wf re m
continual Slavery, whilft wc were here \ and they alw..y,
tool-i care to keep them employwl, fome in fawing of liin-
ber, others inuittingof Stone, fome in carrying Burdens,
and other Libour. At Sun-rifing every Morning, thry .vc
let out of the Prilon in which they arc kept, the Men m
one, and the Women in another, and arc immediately frni
to work, where they continue till twelvcat Noon ; .it whah

liii-.

Al-
though the Ma'umns arJtiic m'oft numerous, yet the DuUh
are v^olTcffcd ot ail tlie Sea-coaft, and have here a tlrong
Canic, built of Stone, and mountrd witl. Iixty Cuns, Ix-
fuies f.veral other Imall Fortilii.itions in ctucr I'lrts ot the
inaiul. Near this Caftle is a Imall lown, ol about 100
Dut.b Iloi.les, all ftronj;ly luilt of Stone, Brick, and I im-
ber 1 I'ut all very low, none i-xceediiig one Story, kcaufe
of l-.arthquakcs, to which this Place is very fubjid-, to th.it,
iTiould they b.- built higher, it would endanger the tailing
of th( m, as they often do, notwithllaiuiing they arc l» low.
Whilll we were here, we hail a great Larthquake, which
continued two Pays, in which Time it did a great iK.d ot
Mifchief 1 for the Ground burll ojicn m levcral Places, and
fwallowcd up feveral Hoults, and whole Families. Several
of the People were dug out again, but moil of them dead •,
and many of them had thiir l-/-gs or Arms broken by the
Falls of Moulcs. '!"he CalUe-walis were rent afunder in le-
veral Places, and we thought, that it, .ind iill the 1 loiifes,
would have fallen down. I'hc (jruund, where we were,
fwellcil like a Wave of the Sea -. but near us we had no
Hurt done. As to the Dutch Poluy m the Illanii, it is
governed by a Couniil, wliich confiib; of live Perfons; wz.
the Governor, the chief Merchant or upjier Koop-man ,
the Malayan Kin-;, the Lapt.un of the Fort, ;md the Fileol,
who is in the Nature of a Judge. I'pon the llland are faitl
to be about 550 Diiiih Soldiers, wiih izo or i ^o Dutch
Freemen and petty OtBcers, and near as many ot the Cbt-
neff, who live liere for the Advaiit.ige of Traiie, although
they arc not allowed to trade in Spice, that being a jKCiiliar
Tride, which the Dutch Coniiuny referve to thetnlelves ;
fothat, I reckon, they can make in all about 350 tightins^
Men, Dutch and Gbtntft. As to the Malayans, thry would
be but ot little Service to them, but rather be glad to airiil
any-boeiy againit them. The Malayan Women are laiil to
be great Whores, of which they art- notaftianieii. They are
foon rijx-, and often married by nine Years ot Age •, and
many of them are faid to have Children by ten or eleven.
All near the Water-fide arc forced to be under the Dutch
Government, which is very ablolute and tyr.wnic.il : For
any fmall Fault they are feverely handlal -, and many think
themfelves w.ll olf, it they are not maile Slaves, and wear
an Iron upon their Leg during Life : Iholf-, I lay, who
dwell near the Sea-fide, are all lubject to the Dutch (>o\vxn-
merit, and are Chtilli.ins ■, but tliofe within the Country,
who are callcil the //;// Malayans, are McibammedaHs. '1 hey
are always at War with the Dutib; and, if thry take any
of them Prifoners at any time, tin y never give him any
(garter ; but, alter they have kept him in Prilon live Days,
without either Victuals or Drink, thiy bring him out, aiid,
firft <jf all, rip up his Hreaft with a Iharp Kiiite, and take
cut liis Heart-, at which there is great Rejoicing of all the
Malayans that are piel'eiit. Thei) they cut off his 1 le.id,
and embalm it with Spice to keep 1 .ind tin y who can fhew
niofl of thofe Heads, are accounted the moll honourable,
and value themfelves much u|)oii it. Tl-.e liead Body is
left expofed to the ravenous Buds ot Prey to feed on. I'he
Dutch, to retaliate this Ufage, when they take any of thefc
Malayans, load them with many Irons, and lay them in
Prifon, where they he for fome time ■, alter which they cut
off their Nofes and Lars, and then they are lent to Piiloii
again, where they continue fome further time ; after which
they are brought out the lecond and lalt tune, and then they
rack them till they die. As tor thofc under their own Oo-

time th.y are brought back, and (',0 to Sup|)er, whitli 1,
always t!ie fame, l)oth in Qiiantity and Qiulity, with tin ir
Dinner. Soon alter they have fup|Kd,they are put intotli.ir
Loelgifiib, and iiKked in, wiiere they lie upon the bar.-
Boanls,"a;.d liave feldom any thing but a Urge I'iccf ut
Wood, whiih commonly l( rves five or lot of them lor .<
I'iilow. Sometimes thefe jxKir Wretihis make flutt ty
elcafie •, biit, it they are caught again, they are furc to b
feverelv handled. Ihere w.u one of thefe jx)or Slaves, j
Woman, who had bc( n harlhl]^ ulird by the Dutch ; im!,
having once made her Lfcape, and being taken again, 1),,
knowing how cruelly Ihc ibouki be uted, nit her o«n
Throat the Day Uforc her appcinted Puniftimcnt i at, ■
which, the was, by the Hair, dragged out of the Pr.l<;ii .\\
round the Town,»and then hung uyvn a Gibbet by l,«
Feet, with her Head downwards 1 which is the commnn
Puiiilhment ot any that are guilty of Self-murder. Siiciu,
are m Debt, and cannot fatisty their Creditors, are, [y
them, turned over to the Company, who leml ilicin u
work among their Slaves. They have nothing allowal tii m
but Rice «pd Water, as the other Slaves ; only they have
Two-pence a Day given them towards the Payment of thcr
Debts, wliif h avails but little \ fo that it is very frldom, 1:
ever, tli.it any one gets abroad, till he is carried out dul.
Bu; tlio* the [loor Natives arc thus leverely handled, yr
the Dutch themlelves will wink at each other's Faults ; ij
that It IS a great R.irity for any one of them to be puninic',
iinlds It be lor Murder. In any other Caf<', .i fmall .M.r
ter ot Monty will buy off a grc.it Fault. The Women, that
art Slaves to the Freemen, have all the Lilvrty that inayb:
tiom their Mailers and Millreffcs ■, only tliey are o'-i;., .1
every Night to bring them a certain .Acknowlci'; ni n;,
which IS commonly aliout Sixjx:nce, and to tind tlinri w.i
\i(Jtua!s, Cloaths, i:?c. in Default of which, they are levcrw;
ufeil. Ihey may whore and ileal, and all is well, if tii;
daily Acknowledgment W but brought, and no Compld:r'
bt- made .ajzau.ll them. The chief ot this Ifland's l'r<Hlir's
are Cloves, (iir,t;(r, I'ejiper, Rattans, Canes and Ionic !-.v
Nutmegs. The Clovc-trrc i<! notof a very great B-nly, \\.'.
rather llendcr. It is in 1 Itight from twelve to thrty iir
lorty Feet. 1 he Branches are fmall -, the Leaves :ilx)iit iv
Inches lung, and two broad, and end tajif-ring. On - <>: ti.
Leaves, rui)ly-il b<tween the Fingers, will fmell very i!r ;
of Cloves , but, without rubbing, they have no Smel! it
ail. 1 lie C loves grow out at the Tip of th'- Branches, t r,
twelve, or leurteen in a Clulhr. They are firft white, t>n
green, then ot a dark-copi>cr Colour, which is the Tin)- oi
their Ivring riix\ The Manner of gathering th ni 1 . '■<
(prrad Cloths or Sheets round tlie Bottom ol cne 1 >••' •' • :
^(Kxl Dillance -, then they fljake the Tree, and all 'Ai
CloViS tiiat are tlin ughly ripe, and ht to be gathered, lii!
down. The relf, which are left ujy)n the Tire, thry :,.:
ter to remain t.)r alx)Ut fix or feven Days -, 'hen tluy II aKf
as many more ot tticm off as arc ripe, and will t.ill. i ■
they do lour or live time^, till they are all down. The n" «
Time ef gathering ot them is Oilcber and Felntary. 'I'M^'t
whu h are ripe in Othbrr, arc called the Wimt 1 (.km-, i'i»
being the I'.iid of their Winter; and they are not aeioir.'i
fo good or llrong as the other. Thefe they commonly ;
ferve, and put up iri liiiall Jars of alKiut a Quart, ot v 1
they tranf|H)it gre.it Quantities to feveral Parts ot the W i
Thofe whiih are ri[H' in Itlruary, arc called the Sumi^ '
Clove. Thefe are clleemcd much l)etter and (lioiij! :r 1 ■
the former, becaulc they have the bell Part of tiie bumi

t H Chap. I. Captain William FcNMBLt*

t45

to ripen in j whertas the forrtiet- hive not aboVe a Month's
fair Wrathtr, and all the reft is rainy and ciouily j fo that
the Rays <>* the Sun cannot come to them. It is the com-
mon rtteivcvl Opinion, that Cloves, Nutixiegs, Mace, and
Cinnamon, grow all upon one Tree \ but it is a great Mif-
t.ikf. Th( it Trees commonly bear fixty, fevcnty, or eighty
Poimis Weight at a lime ; and, every fix Years, they arc
fure to have a double Crop. There is a vaft Numlicr of
thole Trees upon this Ifland, which arc very carefully looked
after, and a RegilUr kept of them in the Company s Books.
Thi y 3.K numbered once a Year •, and beyond a certain
NuinlKt they will not let them incrcafe, but cut them
ilown, and dcrtroy them, for fear of Icflening the Price.
All thife Trees belong lu the Dutch Company, or their
lre( nv n ; but thofe that belong to the Freemen, the Com-
pany l< ts tlum an .Allowance as to their Number ; and, if
nnv I'nc brings up more than what the Company allows of,
lit- is livertiy timd, and his Trees forfeited ; and whatfo-
rvcr Cloves the Tries belonging to Freemtn produce, the
hrrcmen are obliged to fell to the Company, after the Rate
(il Six^)i nu- 11 Hound : So that, properly, all the Cloves in
the Illancl are ingrofled into the Company's Hands. And,
it any Freeman, or other, fells or conveys away to the
\aliie ot ten Hounds, all that he has in the World is for-
ftiteti to the Company, and he becomes a Slave during
Life. The Inhabitants ufcd formerly to cheat the Dutch'xn
till' Sale of tlu ir Cloves •, for it was common with them to
put their Cloves in a large Sheet, which they hung up by
th( 'our Corners, under the Cieling of their Woute \ and
upon the Floor, immediately under the Cloves, they fet a
large Tub of frelh Water, which the Cloves, being very
dry, and of an hot Nature, would, by degrees, draw up,
aui make a large Addition to their Weight, without being
calily ptrcti\ed. But now the Dutch are grown too cun-
ning for tlum ; for they always try them, by giving them
a iMiail Filip with their Forefinger on the Ilcacfi tndthcn,
if the Clove \y throughly ripe, and no Deceit has been ufed,
the Head will break afiiniicr, like a Piece of thin brittle
Glals i bur, if it has been watered, then the Clove will
k tough, and the whole Clove will fooner bend, than
the Head fly oft'. There are fomc few Nutmegs upon this
llland, the Trees of which are much like the Peach ; but
thty grow moilly at the Ifland Banda^ from whence two or
three Ships Loads are exported every Year. The Fruit of
tliis Tree conlifts of four Parts : The firft and outward
Rind is like that of a green Walnut ; the fecond is dry
and thin, which we call Mace •, the third is a tough thin
Shell, like that of a Chefnuc ; .ind the fourth is the Ker-
nel, included in the faid Shell, which we call Nutmeg.
Thtrc are laid to be upon this Ifland fome Mines of Gold.
One of tlie i\fal(iyani Ihewed me fome of the Ore, which,
lie told tiK-, was taken out of them •, but this was a great
Crime, and, if the Dutth ftiould know it, he faid, he
Ihoiikl be ttverely punilhetl ; for this is an extraordinary
Secret, which, as much as they can, they keep from all
Europeans. .'Mthough, as I faid before, they can rail'e
about live hundretl ainl fifty lighting Men, upon occafion,
ill this liland i yet once every Year they arc forced to fpare
a i^rcat many of their People, which arc fent away upon
other Bulinefs V for, commonly, on the 20th of Oitokr,
each Year, eight or ten Days looner or later, the Govirnor
ol this Place goes his Progrefs, attended with abo'.it 75
Orambies, fome with 100, tome 80, fome 50, and fome
40 Paddles apiece, in each of which go two bulcb Soldiers,
1 reckon there may be in this whole Fleet, of Dutch, about
ISO, or 160, and about 5:50 Maluyatu, reckoning 70
Malayans to each Oramby one wiih another. 'I'hele
75 Orambics arc divided into three Squadrons, the tirtl
conlilling of 20 Orambies •, which Squadron is always
commanded by one of the Council, who carries a yellow
Flag. The Rear conlifts of 20 more, and is eommaniled
by the Fifcal, who commonly carries a red Flag : 'I'he reft
are in the muldlc Squadron, and attend the Governor,
who hath twelve Dutch Sokliers, a Corporal, and a Ser-
jeant, for his Botiy-guard, and carries a blue Fl.ig. 'J'he
Governor carries with hini the Indian King, and all their
Princes, for fear they Ihould relK-l in his Ablcnce. In this
Order they go ami viaual tlu: T'-aftern Iflands, but el\)e-
«i*lly thofe that do, or arc c.ipable of producing Cloves
3

or Nutiiitigk \ and, at every Ifland they go to, they have
an additional Strength. The Time of their cruifing in thii
manner is commonly fix Weeks j during which they cut
down, burn, ami dcftroy, all the Clove and Nutmeg-trees
they can find, except fuch as are referved for the C( m-
pany's Uft \ for all or moft of thefe Iflands do or would
proilncc Cloves \ but they will not fufFcr them, becaufe
thcv have enough to (Imply all Europe at /Imbeyna abic j
and even there alfo, as t faid beforej they will pern.it but
a certain Numlicr, left too great i'lenty of them llioi.ld
lower the I'rice. Upon all thele Iflands the Dutch Com-
pany kixp Soldiers, three, fix, ninc^ or twelve, accord-
mg as they arc in Bigiiefs, whofe only liufintfs it is to fee
the Trees tut (town, or, at Icaft, to take care, that they
do not increulc ; for they are very jealous, left the Englijh
or Frtncb Ihoiikl fervo them fuch a Trick as they theiii-
felvcs fcrved the Lngtijh at /Imhoyn.i. During the time of
their cru'fing, they githcr Tribute from ^1 the petty
Kings and Piinces ot thefe iflands 1 and commonly, at
the Fnd of alxiut fix Weeks, return again. Of liialls,
here are Becvt s, Hogs, wild Deer, (^c. Of Fowls, here
are Icveral Soits, I'l. (.rcKadore, the CatTawaris, the B.rJ
o\ Parailile, t'f. The Crucadore is a Bird of vaiious Sizes,
tome being as bi- as Hens, and others no bigger than
Pigeons : They are in all P.irts exadHy alike 1 th; i F atherJ
arc all over white, excepting only a Bunch upon their
Head, which is always either yellow or red. The Bunch
of Feathers lies fo dole, fitted into a Dent in the Head,
that they cannot be perceived, unlcis when the Bird is
frighted, and then he lets it up an-cnd, and it fpreads open
like a Fan. The Flcfti and ixgs of this Bird are very
black, and they fmell very fwcet. When they fly wild up
and »lown the Woods, they cry Crocadore, Crocadore ; for
which Reafon they go by that Name. The Cafl'awaris is
about the Bignels ot a large yirginia Turky j his Head is
the lame a. a I'urky's, and he has a long, llilT, hairy
Be.ird upon his Bicalk before, like a Turky 1 he hath two
great Legs, almoft as thick as a Man's Wrift, v.'i.h five
great Claws upon each T'oot -, he has an high roui.d Back,
and, inlUad ot l'\v'*.liers, only long Hairs, and the fame
upon the Pinions of his Wings. It l.iys an b.gg fo big,
tliat it will hold a Pint •, the Shell is pretty thick, Ipotted
with green and white, and looks ex.nitly like China-ware.
I never talUil th.: Fggs, but the Bird itfelf ib c\ti-.:or:linary
good Vidluals, as I luve tried leveral times : It taiUs v^ry
like a Turky, Luit much ftroi.ger. 'The Birds of Paradile
are about the Bignels of I'igeons ; tiu'y are of various
Colours, and are never found or Icen alive, neither is it
known tioin whence they come. I have ic'en Several of
them here embalmed with Spice, which prefrvcs them
from Decay \ and, to ( mbalmed, they are fent as Rarities
to leveral Parts of the World. It is related of thefe Birds,
that when the Nutmegs are ripe, which is in tiic Months
of I'ebruaty and March, they refurt to thf Places wlure
they grow, viz. to lianda, and this Ifland, and eat olF the
outer Kind of the Nut ; after which, they fall clown d-.ad-
drunk, and an iiiiuimeiable Company of Ants gather a!)out
them, feed upon them, ami kill tliem. Of Filli, here are
alio leveral Sorts; but the moft noted isthe Sea Porcupine :
It is in Length about three beet, and two Feet and an half
round. It has a very large I'.ye, with two Fins on his
Back, ami one large one on each Side, near his Gil's. Ic
is very full of Ibarp- pointed Qiiills; and, from the; ce, is
called the Sea Porcupine. This Ifland of Jmloyiia is all
over I'andy, luit the Water is lb deep, that th.re is no
anchoring near it, but at the Ley (which is at the Well
End ot the lOandj in forty Fathom Water, clofc- to the
Shore, and in the common 1 Labour. This Harteur runs
up a great Way into the Ifland, and almoft divides it into
two, li) that they are, in .. manner, two Ifl.inds, be:ng
only joineil by a liuall Neck of Lind, to na:rovv, t.hat the
Malayans often hale their C.uioes over. At the F.n:raiice
into the I larlwur on the Kail Side, there is a fniall Forti-
fication ot about fix Guns •, and, clofe to it, is twenty
Fathom Water ■, and, .about a Le.igue farther up, is the
Harbour lor Ships, wlu ic they lie under the Command of
their gre.it Callle •, which, ever lince tlic Maflarre of the
En^lijh, h.is bcdi called the C.dlle /'/I'.Vw. Ah ,ut two
Miles further to the North-catt, within the liarbour, is

> !i

i^'

I V

!,;

•f

144

the Place where formerly our EnsUJb Faftory wa« fcttluh
and ni ar it is laul to be thi- Hole into which the h.n^UJb
were thrown, alter they had been maflacrcd by theiJrf^.
There were few of iii now lure but citpefted the lame
Fate J and fomc of the Inhabitants wire no wav Ihy to tell
us, that the Journal, which was fcnt in the Dultb Ships tiiat
we met going out from hence for Batavit, was our I'm-
teftion J tor they were fenfiblc, that, upon thofe Ships Ar-
riv.il at Bal(rvia, it wouM be prcllntly known, that a I'art
of Captain DampUr'i Company was arrived at Ambeytia,
anil from thence it would fpread all over Indta \ and lotliiy
knew, if we larivl othcrwifi- than well, we Ihould be in-
quired after. A little to the Kaftwanl ot this Illanil are
llvcral otlKT fmall Idands •, the moft noted and biggell ot
which are Boanghpy ami Hmcm/a ; they lie 1-ilt trom
Anhyna, at a linali Diftance : i'hey arc ot an iiulilfercnt
Height, and not above a thml I'art fo big as the liland ot
.Imboyna ; tin y are both pretty well fortitied, and produce
Store cl Clovis : But the ainfft I'lace tor NutmegMstlie
Idand of BanJa, which alio belongs to the DuUb. It lies
in the I-iti;ude of 40' 20 South, and bears froni Amhoyna
F^tl South-iaft, Diftajice 28 Leagues. The Ifland is l.iid
to bc' in form of a Man's Foot and Leg, and to be pretty
well fortiHed 1 .T.d, as it has the time Reputation for Nut-
megs as /hiibo\Ka tor Cloves, the Governor of Amboyna is
reckoned the ihief Governor of all tholi; Spice Itlaniis,
even to Innate and 'Tiiore, which are alio Spice Iflands,
in Poffeiriori of the Dutch, and lie about forty Miles to tlie
Northward ot the Fxjuator. Whilft we were at tins llknd
ol Amhcyna, v/c were fo much troubled with Mulkitoes,
(which are a fort of (ina^) that every Niglit we were lorccil
to put ourlelves in a Bag before we tould go to P.eep ; tor
otherwife tholi- Creatures would lo bite us, that there was
nogtttiny Kell ; and whtre-evcr they bit, they commonly
raifed a red Blifter, almofl as broail as a Silver Peny, itch-
ing very much ; and many cannot forbear Icratching ihcm-
fcl/e";, lb .IS t) caufc Inflammations, which fomttmus
(xrcafion the Lofs of a Limb. During our Stay here,
we had the I.iLx.ity of :i broad paved Yard, about lixty
Yariis fquare -, but they would by ^o means let us go
out into the Town, btirg vety jealous ot us, and defiious
to prevent our knowing their Strength, or in.iking any
other 1 )ilcovcries, which tliey thought might be prejuaicial
to them. Here we remained from A'ltty 31. to September
14. 1705. at whiih time there being three of the Com-
pany's Sloops ready to fail hence, laden with Cloves,
twenty-five of our Sltn were fmt away with rhem tor tia-
laviii, and ten of us hit behind, who were, as they faid,
to go in another Veflcl, which w.is almoft re;uly to fail.
On September 27. a Malayan Man was brouglit m here at
.-Imboyna to t!ie Stadt-houft , to be tiied lor Ins Life : lie
war> atculed, by his own Wile, for murdering his Slave :
The Sl.ive had been dead alxnit fix Months, and ihe had
concealed it ■, but, hapivning to fall out with her Hullwnd,
flic wcntbetore tht l- ileal, in the Heat ot her Anger, and
declared it : So her Hufliand was put in Prifon, and the
Corps of the dead Slave dug up •, but, it being confumed
and rotten, no Marks of ^ lolcnce could bc perceived ujion
II -, and it was generally U'lieved, that the Man's Wife
accufed him wrongfully : He was upon lib Trial when the
l-'.arthc]iiake hapjx.nid, at which time I oblcrved, ilut it is
a common Lrror to fupj)ofe, that, during an liarthquakc,
it is always calm ; for wc had a fine frcfh Gale at South
South-weft, Iwth Days on which the Earthijuakc happened.
This Eartliciuake made all the Court break up, being in
fear the Houfe lliould fall on their Heads : So the Man was
committed to Prilbn again •, and the next Day, being Sep-
tember ;S. about eleven at Noon, the Court Ixing let again,
the Man was .igain brought to his Trial -, when, in about
a Qu;u-tcr of an Hour, when his VVite was in her grcateft
Violence agamll him, the Earth Ihook very much again,
and caufed them all to break up a fecond time. The fainr
Day myicif, with lour more of our Men, were lent on
board a Chtnefe Sloop for Batavui : The (ithcr live of our
Men, which were left behind, they promifcd Ihould he lent
alter us in a Ihort time -, yet wc never heard of them finte :
But whether they hinguilhcd out their Days in Confine-
ment, found fome tjuitker Period to their Mifetics, or
were dcuincd in the Duttb Service during Lite, arc Points

The V O Y A G E S of

Book I.

that will not bc I'lwdily cleared up, fince our Government
hat never thought tit to inquire alter, or drn).UKl them.

■fi. After we bad left yhnboyMa, wc tailed Southwcit
by Wert, till we came to the lilatui of Lancat, whic h ji,,
in the latitude of c," 27 South i and I make its nurulMn
Dillance Irom /Imboyna 1" ^5 Well, or 1 55 Miles. \\\
then Heered Well by North, lill we made the two Iilaiuh
Caiefen where, it falling calm, we lent our Boat ailmrc
on the Kallermoft, ami cut down fome hun<lre»l ot t (x,i,.
nuts, which were limught on lx>ard. I'his Lallern Iilami
of Cabe/es is low, not iniiatiited, but full of C ocoa-mit.
trees, which .ire planted here tor the Ufc of ftu h /)«/,/,
Ships and Veflils as pals by for Batenia ; for it is a loit
of Miracle, to fee any Europtan Ship here ixtej-t the
Dutch. OtV this Illaiul we met our Bark, wlmli h,uj
brought us from .imtrica to .■/mbeyna \ the Duiih, a nr
tluy had tak-n her Irom us, had fitted hcrup, puta Mz^n-
mall in, ami m.ule a very good Vcflel of her. 1 Ins lil.mj
lies in the Latitude of 5" 2 j' South, ami neaiiy V. til by
North from the Iiland I/incas, dillant al)out lorty-nv
Miles 1 It \% Sh'ile two Miles from the Shrire. j ,, (~j
South Wf ft of this Ins the other Ifland of ilabefa., w.ih
is a pretty high IHand, and ui^on it the Dutch always k 1
a Corporal and fix Sokliers, who, two or three tin u .1
Year, go round the Illaiid, to fee that noClovts are p'.u.i -^
ami it there Ix-, they cut them down and burn them, mr
lear any otlu r Nation Ihould lake it from the ni ; win, h ;i
they Ihould, 1 am apt to Ivlicve .Imboyna would lie ot \\.
tie I'fc to tlirm. Cloves bchig the only I'rotluCt that isva-
liiabir u|X)n it. We palled next by the South Ind -it ihr
liland Bouien, which is a pretty lar-^^e Place, in the I,.;t;.
tuile of ■■=• 4 - Souih. Wc lleered Wellward from Imtc.
palling between the liland Cebefes and the Illaiul /hLm',
Ihe .South Part of the liland Celebes is very high l.ii\i.
Ic IS very wi 11 inhabited, and is a very large Illaiul, takmo
up frven Degrees in Latitude. At the South liul .^
this liland, on the Weft Suic, the Dutch luve a l-.u;(;rv
( ailed Maca/iir, where they have a Fort of about li vent/
tiiins, manned witii fix or levcn hundred Dutch Soldiers
The chief Pioilud of the Place is Rice, with whiih thiy
fupply all or moft of their Eaftem lllamls. Here are aij
laid to be feveral Golil Mines, of which the Dutch iwmi
yi t Mailers ; lor the Inhabitants arc often at War with &.:
Dutch, and have kept tlum lutherre* from thole I'lus
1 Jiere lie between the South Lnel of this IHanil Cf/,;/ ,
ami the liland eit 'Mayer, tlu-cc low fmall Illes \ ami • c
very Ixft Palfage is that which lies between the liland r.i\[
to Zalayer, ami another very little one which lies to t.n^'
Northward. This is called the fecond PalTage, and jc
firft, tlurd, and fourth ot thcfe Paft'ages are exudli :i,i)
(Lingerous, fo tlut Ships generally avoid them it n :;
pollil'le.

■;?. I ftiould willingly give an Account of every I'.rJ
I mention, il it was in my I'ower \ but, as it is n't, : ■
Reader muft be fatisfied with what 1 can lay without In.
to Truth. Tlijs Ifland of Zalayer is of a moderate 1 le 1 : i,
it is inlubiteii by Malayans, and planteil all rouiul u.i
Cofoa-nut-trecs. The Inhatiitants are forced yearly t» 1 j
Store of Oil and Match to the Dutch at Macajj'ar, hyw .
of Tribute. From hence we fteered Weft by North, r .1
wc had folTeil a danjj.erous Sholc, called the BnH, ami t , 1
wc haled up South weft \ and, in the Night, law a li :
liland juft by us, which finding we could not weiiiiLi, v
t.ickeil and HoihI the other Way till Day-light -, an.i ti,
finding ourfelvcj to the Southward of the laid IPan ,
tackeil and Ihxxl to the South- wellward, and loon alt ; 1
two other low fmall Illands, bearing from the North to;
North-weft. We could fee the Ciround very p!.ii::
alxHit two Miles, ami never had alx>ve fix, or uiu :
Fathom Water, though it looked as if tliere w.is not j! ■
two Fathom : We came over this Shole abejut a I.e.;', :. '
the -Southward of tliele two fmall Illands ; and tin 1 .
< ouiitcd the narrowell Sholc i toi, further to the -V;
ward, it is five or fix Leagues over 1 but there ahb u i ■
IXinger, Ixxaulc you liave very even .Soumlings, as fiMu,
fix Fathom, feldmn over or umli r. But to the .\urthAir;
cf rhcfe two lllaiuis it is very dangeious, it being all Vi.-.
loul rocky (iround, and in lome I'laces notalxjve lour ^
hve Fett Water. Therefore go to ilic Southward ot thcit I

ll"»i

Chap. I.

Captain William Funnell.

14?

Idamlit «"J y** *'" ^ '"'* ' Althoii^ the Dutebt in that we were now at our Liberty to go whither we pleafed.

their M«P»« have Uul clown the Dangeri to the Southward, We defired, that, fince our Vcffel was uken from u* by tht

wliich Ihoiilil have been laid down to the Northward of Company, he would be pleafed to take care to find ui fome

(hot: two Illcs ; and the fafe Sholes, which we and they Ship, in which we might return home t which he promifed

alwayj go over, they have laid down to the Northward of he would. We were forced to be content, and went and

ihof/two Iflands, whereas we and they always went over to took Lodging in the Town, till we could meet with an

(he Southward of them. We had a DrauKht on board be- Opportunity of returning home. In the Space of about

lonttiiig to the Captain of the Veflcl, which (hewed all thb feven Weelts that I remained here, I made all the Obfer-

vcrycxoiitly u we found it : I compared it with icveml vations I could on the Flacc, and its Inhabitants. The for-

othcrs which were on board, and found a great deal of Dif- mer I found in as good Condition as it was poffible, and

fcrcncc : I asked die Captain the Reafon of their DiiTer-
cnce \ and he told mc, that the HoUandtrs knew all the
Sholes and liangtrous Places hereabouts very w«lli but did
iu)t ilcfirc any body cife (hould know them \ fo that, if any
ForclKiicr (hould come into thofe Farts amongfl thcfe Sholes,
ami m by their Draughts, they might unexpcftedly be

the latter a^tpeared to me as prudent and induftrious a Peo-
ple as ever i faw \ but the Dcfcriptions tlut have been al-
ready publilhed of both are fo exadV, as to render it unne-
ceflary for me to trouble the World with my ColleAions.
I fhall content myfclf, therefore, with making a very fhort
Dcfcriptionof the Place, as I think it neccflary to render my
iimongll Koiks and STioles, where they wouM certainly Work all of a Piece v and fhall refer the curious Reader,
lofc- tliuir Ship, aswchaddone, if wehad fail'dby t^^com- for further Satisfaction, to th<^ large Accounts that have
:non Draughts, it being the Dutch Policy to keep all Ships, been publilhed by Dutch, l-u/tch, and Engli/h Writers i
belonging to the Englijb or French, as tA off thefc Iflands but eipecially the firft, who are equally capable and willing
as tiny tan j or, at Icaft, if they come amongft them, to reprefcnt it fairly,

amllupixin iniotlicir Hands, as we did, they take care to 35. This City of Batavia is the chief Placr the Dutch
fciiJthtm away, and let them know as little 01 them as may hxfe in India, receiving, by Shipping, the Produft of In-
be. I low tar tUcDutcb'nay be able to judify fuch a Method dia, Japan, and China. It is inhabited by fevcral forts of

of acting, from the Condud of other Nations, where they
cow five cither their Safety or Intereft as nearly concerned,
1 cannot take upon me to determine : But this, 1 think, is
very plain, that Mankind in general fuHer by all thefc nar-
low Schemes of Thinking, whkh undoubtedly attribute
to the kcoping us in Ignorance of thofc Parts of the World,
whicii the Divine Providtnce never meant to conceal. If,
in private Life the Weltare of the Family ought to be
prekrn\i to the Caprice, and even to the Intcrelr, of any
fiiiglc I'crfon ; i(, trom the juft Maxims of Policy, the
(ioud ot SoiiLty ought always to take place of private In-
termit i thin, nK'thinks, the fame Method of Reafuning
(hoiikl have Force with regard to the Concerns of a Com-
pany, and even of a whole Nation, when they interfere
with the common Good of Mankind. It may be thought
a li;d: cnthufiaftic, but, I mult confcfs, it has been al-
ways my private Opinion, that, as all thefe great Difco-
verits have l)cen made, not only fmcc the Chrillian Difpen-
fatiun took place, but fince the fundamental Doftrines of
Chriftianity have been fet free from the Errors of Supcrfti-
tion, it looks as if the Almighty defigncd, that all the in-
Labitui Farts of the Globe (houkl have an Opportunity
affiinied them ot" embracing fo excellent a Rule of Life ;
aiid therefore 1 perfuadc myfclf, that all the Attempts made
to limit or prevent this, arc not only impious in their Na-
ture, Imt will likcwifc be found impraiflicable in the End.
To lick new Countries for the fake of fpoiling them of
their Wealth, or making Slaves of the People who dwell
in them, is a Dtftgn fo bafe and barbarous, that no Na-
tion certainly will avow jt 1 but to aim at the Difcovery
ot Countries hitherto unknown, in order to employ our
Poor at home, and to eictcnd the Bleflings we pofTefs to
the mod diftant and diftnfled People in the Univerfc, is a

great and good Defign -, and fcem's fo cxadtly to coincide
with tiic \ lews of Providence, that 1 think the Nation can

People, as Dutch, Portuguefe, Chinefe, Perfiant, and Ne-
groes ( but the Malayans arc the Natives : I'hc Dutch are
Mailers of the Place, and have a very fine large Town, in
which arc fcvcn Churches, Dutch, Portuguefe, Malays,
and Chinefe, with fevcral very fpai:ioiis Houf s, built alter
the European manner : The 'Fown is all walled and moted
round ^ and the Walls are abundantly provided with Can-
nor . In the Middle of the Town, in a great fquare Place»
is a very fine Stadt-houfe, where all public Affairs
are tranfiufted. The Town, with all the Fortifications, is
commonly governed by one of the States of Holland, who
has the Title of General of India, and all other Governor*
arc fubordinate to him. The Inhabitants here do not card
how often they change their General -, for, .it the coming
of a new one, all Prifoncrs are releafed, except fuch as have
committsd Murder. He has twelve to aflfift him, who
have always the Title of Rads, or Lords of India : Thefc
are fuch as have been formerly chief Governors in feveral
Places in India, as of Ceylon, Amboyna, Malacca, &c.
The Town is divided by Canals, over which, almoft in
every Street, there are Bridges liud, and Boombs to hale
acrofs, which let no Boats go in or out after Sun-fct. The
chief Produce of the Place is Pepper, of which the Dutib
yearly export great Quantities : Here are alio fome lew
Diamonds, and other Precious Stones. Ot Fruits here are
Plantains, Bananas, Orange?, Lemons, Pomegranates,
Mangaftans, and Rumboftans. The Mangaltan is about
the Bignefs of a Golden-runnet -, it is quite round, and looks
Uke a fmall Pomegranate. The outlide Rind is like that
of a Pomegranate, only of a darker Colour ; but the In-
fide of the Rind is of a fine Red ; within this Rind is the
Fruit, which is of a fine White, and lies in Cloves almoft
like Garlick ; there are commonly four or five Cloves in

each, and they are very folt and juicy ; within the Clove is

a fmall black Stone. \Vc commonly (ijck the Fruit from

fcarce tail of becoming ricii, luppy, and glorious, that pur- the Stone, and the Fruit is very delicious -, the Stone we

fues it with a Spirit wortliy of fo noble, generous, and hu- throw away, being very bitter, if chewed. The Rumboftan

maiic a:\ Undertaking

}4. On 0,'lober 21. 1705. we entered the Harbour of
Batdvia i and, as loon as we landed, we wcrefent to the reft
ot our Men, who were ilill in Cultody. A little after, the
M.iior of the CafUe was lent to us, and defired we would
trai'lmit the General, by him, an Account of our LolTes,
wi.ich we received by our being taken at /hnboyna ; and
that we niould be fatisfied on all Accounts as to our Effefts,
Lois of Time, and Imprilbnmcnt. Accordingly, we each
of us lircw up an Account of our LolTcs, and fcnt it by
the Major to the General, who returned us tor Anfwer,
that very fpeedily we Ihould have our Freedom. On Oc-
tober 27. we were all fent for to the Fort, and moft of our
ready Money was returncii to us again-, but for our Goods,
j Lois of Tinic, and Imprilbnmcnt, wc could have no Sa-
I titlaaion i only the General told us, he had given us all
th^t the Governor of Amheyna had fent to him i and that.
If diere was any thing more, he knew nothing of it i and

^UMB. 10.

is about the Bignefs ot a Walnut, when the preen Peel is
off. It is alio pretty near the Shape of a Walnut, and
hath a thick tough outer Rind, which is of a deep Red, full
of little Knobs of the fame Colour j within the Rind is the
Fruit, which is quite white, and looks almoft like a Jelly ;
and within the Fruit is a large Stone ; it is very delicate,
and though a Man eat ever to much, yet it never does him
any Harm, provided he fwallows the Stones as well as the
Fruit i but otherwifc they are faid to caufe Fevers. The
liland of Java, on the North Side of which Bataiia ftands,
is in Length, from Eaft to Weft, about ten Degrees. The
Wind and Weather is extremely regular at Batavia, and
the Dutch Inhabitants know how to make ufe ot it at all
Scalbns to the beft Advantage. In the Eaftern Montbon
the Land-winds are at South-eaft, Ibmetimes more South-
erly ', and the Sea-winds at North-eaft fine pleafant Gales.
This Eaftcrly Monfoon is accounted the good Monlbon,
it being line fair clear Wcadier, beginning in .■^il, and
2 1* ending

■ iiP

%(-m

14^

7hc V O Y A G li S 0/

l^ook I

IS*

Hi*:

1 ■

f. \

fmlinK in 0;/«^.ri but ,hf Wrftcrly Monloon « ca^^

the b*ul Monfocn, brinp rainy unci blu«erm8 VN «••''/;'•;• ^';

much Thumlrr and l.ightniPR. cfp«'»"y J" ^^''%''

it the l^d-wind»a«« Well So"th-weftk and South-weft
«,d the Sca-windi a. North-weft, «Ki Weft North^^wcrt.
The Anchor gioum!. all along the North Side of 7'^.
from the Kland Mai»r» to hattrvit, u fine ouly Ground
«ntl clear ol Ro< ks. l^hc principal Piacei on this Side ol
the llland are />4/<n«.'. Bantam, Japtra, SM,ar»H,bu-

mefcltlcdtytherwrA: They afford 1t.ce. w.th whucj
tJ>cy fiipply all their Out faftorie* hereabouts, ai alfo very
gockl I'iink for bu.ki.MK Ships with. The chief Place for
bu.Kilng is A,wirt»;, whither the Frcf men 8° «« ''"'Wj'""
fmall Veffcls, as Sloops and Brigantincs •. alfo fcmalMJtps
of five, fix, or fcvcn hundred 'Ions, lade with Timber at
Ramhang, the S^ualt^Jcfara, tec. and each Ship, wJien
Jul!, takttl. a great Rait of the largcft ol the Timber m
a Tow to Haiaiia : Some of thele Kalo arc fa id to be
thirty lect fqiiarc. and to draw twenty -two Feci Water:
Thore are commo.ily fix of thefe Ships, which arc thus
laden witli r.mlx-j •. and they commonly make four \ oyages
in the g()<Hl Monfoon 5 for in the bacl they cannot do any
thing. Ail tins T.mlxr is commonly landed upon a fmall
in.i.ui, between lour and live Leagues from Batavia, where
the Ship-carjxntirs arc ufuAlIy Wept at Work ; nay, they
arc faiJ to U. never out ot Employ j they are about zoo in
Number •, and the llland is called Unrtjl, or OhtuJI. The
Du!(l< cuicn their Ships here \ and it is very well fortified,
biinp ;to life a Sea I'hrafe) all lound a Bed ot Guns.

;(i. W'c had Notice given us on Stpimitr 2. that all
of us who cirfind to return to Eitttand, fliould go imme-
diate ly on board the Duici Ea/i Mia t Icct i which accoal-
ingly wc did, and failed the next Day. This Fleet con-
fiftcd of twelve Sail, as well provideil in every rcfpedt as
any Ship 1 ever Ciw ; and we made the Voyage in an good
Order, arriving on Ftbnuuy 3. 1706. at the Cape of Geod
//ope. I he Dultb have here a ftrong Fortrefs ; and, about
half a Mile Dillance from thence, a very fine Town, con-
filting of a fmall Church, and 150 Houfcs. The Land
in the Ncigliboiirnood is very high, and moftof the Moun-
tains are Kiircn, jirotlucing only a few Shrubs. I'hc Coun-
try wi:h.n IS full of Lions, Tygcrs, Elephants, and other
w.ld Bv^^atb, wlitth give the People, who arc fettled here,
gnat nilUirbancc. It is lor this Kcafon, that the Govern-
ment lias found it neceflary to promilc to any one who kills
a Lion litty two (iiiilders, wliich amounts to four Pounds
fix Sh.llin^s and Light-pence ; and fcjr killing a Tyger, he
has a Reward of twenty-lour (juildcn, 01 forty Shillings :
There wai a Scctdman, while wc were h.ie, wl.o killed four
Lion?, three Tygcrs, and three wild Elcj-'hams-, for which
he hill his Urward accordmgly, to die alorclaid Propor-
tion. Tins Country j-rodin.cs Icveral forts of Iruits, com-
mon, and not common, with us in Europe, as Poingranaccs,
Watir-imlons, Chcjnut';, with feme Plantains and Bananas j
and great l'l( nty of v^ry good Grapes, of which the Dutch
n'akc a very pretty j lealant Wine, called CajK \N'ine, in
great Quamities which, by Kctalc, is commonly fold at
r.i<;ht-|x-ncra(^i.ut. It produces like-wife abundance ot Gar-
dtn-fuiit, whirl. !■. V(ry rctrelhing to tliofc that ariive here
fick of tllcSlur^•y : I Icre aie alio abundance ot Sheep,
very large, and, I think, as good Meat as ever I eat. Of
Fowls here are lc\ cral forts, but the moft remarkable is the
Oftrich, which is a very large Fowl : The Bird itfell is ht
tic valuable, but its leathers arr fcnt as Uaritie s to fcvcral
Parts ol the World : Their Fggs arc very gjcwl Meat, as
I have (xpcrienred many tunes. That tlicfc Birds Iced
upc4i Iron, .Sjones, or any thinji that chances to be near
them, is labulou^ \ but, like a great many otln r Fowls,
tlicy pick up linall .Stones, which only fcrve to digeft their
prop* r food ; they are of fcveral Colours, as bluk, white,
y^. The inoft rein.'.rkabk- amphibious Animal l.cre is the
Seal, or, ai the /)i:tch tall it, the Sea Hound : I'licy arc
tiic lame as tliolc Ixrloic fpoken of at the Lland 'Juan Fer-
nandtz •, o:dy the Fur of tliefc is not lb fine. In this Har-
boui, on tlij .Sou:li Side, are two high Mountains; the
one called tht fai/le Land, wlucli is pretty plain and even

at the Top, and the other called the Sntnt leaf from in
Shape I at the Top ol this Sugar loat the /)«/r* havr j
fmall Houfe, and four (inns mounted : Here iheyajwiy
keep a good l-ook out ; and at the Approa* h of any Shn
or Ships, hoill a Flag, and fire as many (iuns ai -Iny t.
Ships, to give notice to thole at the Town. It nnot
eafy to gueb what the Rcafons were, which indu- n! r>^f
EjigUft) to p»it with their Property in this Pl4ce, whKh
of fuch mighty Conf>.qtience to the Dul<k, and wh. j,
might have Dccn made fo advantageous to theml:lvc< i ,j
fpcak the Truth, the Dmtb are very cifvil and tompljifi;,
here » and, e]tce|)t their not permitting us to travel up ;, p,
the Country, whuh might have pnxluced more Knowl-i'^r
ot it, llian pcrhapt wotild have been convenient tor tlirni,
they indulged w 111 every thing we coukl «sk, and fumilht '
us with Provifion* of all kiixls, extremely guod, atui
very rrafonabk Rates. It is ImpofTiblp to leave thit I'ljcc
without making a tew Refledlions on the Condu>^t i,| \\l
Eaglifh and the Dnttb, with refpe^t to their PuIkj, ,

Eroviding Pbccs of Rcfreftiment for their Ships in the
aflage to the In^u. Both have found the Ni > rfll'y ,
having iiKh Places, and, by ui unaccMinuble Acridrr;,
have exchanged the Places of which they are jHifTi n'l!
The EmUfh have the Uland uf St. Utlina, lying m thi t j
titudc ot 16' South, and w" Longitude Well liom th
Cape of Cati Httt. This llland wai firft difcoirrnH'v
the Ptrtuguifo, who pot fome Goau and Swine on Shur
there, the Breed of which ftilf cotttinucs, and the PUt ,
very plcnti&illy ftockcd with them. The Dnlcb mhal ,; •
here hrft, but afterwards thought fit to quit it -, .imt i ,
wc took Poireflion of it, from whom the Dutih tcx)k
again, bat were lijon difiwITeflcd of it, and wc have (njny. I
It peaceably ever fince. Thb Ifiancl is about nine or t t
Leagues in Length, not quite fo much in Brcaiith, a '
above 300 Leagues from the Continent of Jfma : N\x'
the Sea it is almoft every-wherc encompafTed with high
Rocks, which hinder the Approach, there lieiiig U;t iw
Place It r landing j and within there arc m.iny .Mi'iiitains
but moll of them lovered with wholu,mt Fieri saiM Pa/,
and the \alkys .re lo fruitful, that they protluce w.hai!.
ever IS brought trom other Parts, and planted in prr^i I'-r
fedUon. It would be certainly one ot the moll i.'c!.gl;t;,.l
Spott upon the CJlubc, and aiForcl the pieafaiitcll I.ivmj,
it It was lunKwhat larger, nearer Ibme Continent, or iiw
trcqucnted, tlian it is at prclcnt. The Air is woij.:
fully whoUunie, the trclh Water excellent, the Kn.it. in
the highclt PertcCtion, and the Sea abounding with I ifr.
The only Misfottunc there is, flows from the wart of I: ■
duftry in cultivating thefe Advantages, and corri(?ting liuh
Inconvenitnties as tall within the Power of Man to rv nit y.
Fhe DkKt, when they took Poffetrion of the Caiv • '
Good //ope, found it the moft barren defpicablc Spt t'j;
was ever tai, or indeed ccxild be well imagined; yet, \.:-
ceiving the Importance of it, they refolvcd to fetde th(r;,
and improve it, coft what it would : In this they nic w r.
many Difticulties j but they were rcfolved not to K . •
couraged ; and, by perftvering, they have rrndeted n, ;
all rclpeits, the tintft Settlement in the World, jn.l l,i\ •
proved many fettled Points in Planting-ponry to be a.''
lutcly fallci uf which I (hall inftancc one, and that is, the
makmg Wine, which has been over and over rletlsmi 1
thing impracticable in that Climate \ but they have k w
great Plenty both of Red and White, but cfjxiialiy ol I'c
latter, which, alter two Years keeping, is very j. V'
cftccmed prcttrablc to the finrft Canary. Thf Imiul'.rvit
ihe /ittteh, and their great Succeft in their Improviir.> :•,
invites our Ships, as well as theirs to the Cajx' of C'.ii
Hope; and this is the principal Real'on why wen' ■:
make all thole Advantages of St. l/elena, ot whii h tli' I'laif
IS capable. Ihis, at the fame time, fhews the uii: n"
Gc'iiui of tlic two Nations ; tor, if fhe Capv h.ui Ixci lv.
fo long in our PofTelTKiii, there is great Uealon ti uc. ■,
whether wc llhould have made any I'luh Improve nriit!,
as, on the other hand, if the Dutcl.' could Iuvl- ki pt ^i-
//eltmt, after they took it from us iii ifj/j, ii i" p"^-* ^
they would lavc made it another fort ..I Pl.uc tlu.i itr.cw
is s and not have futfered the liili.ibiiiiiu . ri. w.mt Brcii',
merely from their not having Power to ilcllroy th: Kj!i
that breed ui the Rocks, ai-.d f:oin tlicnte faily out m i- '

6 Nun...

1 lii'W. (''f',.|

chap. I.

Captain WilliaM Funnel l.

147

I.IVI-

or I!*:'
woiJ,-
Kri.it> lii
iiti 1 ifr.
art of 1: •
(Jtingtuili
to r, mt Y
Caiv •'
Sp.t \\:i.:
yet, 1.:-
':lt thir,
■y nil • " ' •
to b- ,
Icted It, .'■

til bf able-

that IV the
(lecbtu! 1
have 11 w
ally (,t i':c

vi'ry jv.''-i)'
ImUitiry'd

jrovti''' ■■•

wt t'l' '•■'
iihtli'l'Uf
he Hi!': -1"
,ul lxc:i tvf.-
)n ta I'.ii''''.
,)lOVrlvriU!.
,vc k.pt.^'.

!•; p'dDi k

tlu.i it '■•'''"'
Iwaiit Brti'.
•oy the Kit)

r (;Ut llllu'

Nuii-.b-

Niimlwrs ■»' to licftroy the Kifchcii-ganlrtii bclor ^ing to
ihiir rUntatK.ns : I Uy, they would Iwnlly h«vc IttlTeml
ti,„ (oiilidcring one Advantagr that St. Ihlnm hw, not
only kyond the Cape, but even btytind any other Scttlt-
ninit t which i», that, «i it is at prefent lortlfied, it may be
iullly accounted imprrgnable, though there Ihouldbc but a
viry moderate (jariilon to defend it. But enough of lh» :
let 111 now return to the Voyage wliich gave Occttlgn to
ikle ReHeftioni.

^7. We were now to conunue our Voyagp to tMrtpt
in the E4ft Mi* He«t \ "nd 't *"»» impomble to lee,
without Sur|wi/.c and Satitfaftion, the Care taken of their
Iraili- by the Government eilablifhed here. It would take
up much more Room than we have to fjvire, to enumerate
ihi many Inttancea that might be given of the Dutth Pru-
dence in this rtfpeft. One, however, ftiall fiifBcr. The
t.4 India Company's Admiral not only hoifta his V la^
in Conii'any with the Men of War belonging to the States,
but hij Signals alfo arc ol)eyed by thole Men of War as
chiarluijy as if he wm Admiral of their own Fleet. I lencc
proceeds that Regularity that is obferved in all their
Voyagei to and irom the Et^fi [Mdin,rt\Kn thcfc S<^uadrons
lail with M nuxh Harmony, in every ref|>eCti as if it was
lompolcd intirely of $hips of War \ which is the Realun
tliat our Ships, cfpecially in a Time of War, are content
ID make fome Stay at the Cape of Gecd Hcpt, in order to
h,ive the Opportunity of Cuming home with them. It is
allij very furphfing, to fee how great an Effcrt the Ex-
ample of the Diuch has upon our Countrymen, who be-
come, in every refpeft, as regular, and as attentive to
Signal, as riity arci fothat very rarely any Accidents haj)-
pen to the Ships of either Nation, when they iiiil thus in
Company. Wc had an Opportunity of obflrving this
during die Time of our Voyage to and from the Cape,
where we were excellently provideil with every thing
rquifitc for our Voyage, on which we proceeded on the
24ih of March, with a frdh Gale of VVnul at Suuth-eaft t
and went out Ixtween Ptnguin Iflahd and the Main-land,
having the Main <m the Starboard fide, and tliellland on
the Larboard. I'his is a pretty low fondy llland v in the
Middle of whii h, upon tlic higheil Hart ot it, they have «
few Guns mountctl, and near them a Flag-ftalT, On which,
at the Approach of any Ship, they huill a Flag, and Fire
a Uiin, to give Notice to the Town. I'his Klam) takes it
Name Irom a raft Number of Birds, tailed Penguins,
which commonly rcfurt near it. Thei'e Birds are about
the Bigiuls of a wild Duck \ they do not fly, but flutter,
having no Wings, but Stumps only, like young Ducks,
and thele Stumps ferve them for Fins in the Water. Thev
have a ihaq) Bill, but Feet like a Duck, and their Flelli
but indifl'erent Food. This Kind of Fowl is not fu large
here as m the Strciglits of Maf;tlkn, nor fu pood ( how-
ever, more Ufe would be made of them, it the Dutth
Ships were nut always fo well provided when they iiiil from
iheCipc, tliat the Seamen do not find thcmfclves under
any I emptarion to take up with rank or difagrecablc Food :
Ami this may be one Rcafon, why they arc, generally
tp<aking, pretty frre irom Uifcarcs •, one EtVt^^i among
many, of liuir Uridt Difciplinc, of which they Hand in
neol a,s much a% the Sailors of any Counny, being
extremely lond of ilrong liquors, and very abulive when
intoxicated with them •, and, therefore, their Officers arc
very eomnundalily careliil in their Endeavours to prevent
it, which they never omit. Wc were noW twenty-four
Sad ot us, ziz. Hine Englijbi and fifteen Dutth \ and the
Gale cominuing, foon tarrieil as to the true Trade.
We met with nothing material till the loth of jlpril 1706.
when two ot the Efif^lijh Ships, failing very heavily, tell
-ftcrn, and loll our Company : They put into St. HfUmt,
nd, .IS We afterwards heard, were taken out ot the KuacI
y the Fremb. On the 1 ith, wc had 25 Hogs killcil for
Sliip's t Diniiany, and the Commoilorc ordered an Hog
a Mef>, tiiai is, to every fcvcn Men, to diliHile u\ as
►e pleafcd, belides our daily Allowance, lu that vir had and
norc Viihials than wc coukl tell what lo do with. On the
15th, a Mail being barbarouily murdered on board the
yutcb Vice-admiial, the Muidcrcr was brought on board
lir Ship, and tried for iiis Life, and the laiiie Day toii-
^nincd to die. He owned the Murvler, and deliied the

Favour of the Court, that he miaht chnl''- his own Death,
which was granted ( and he chow to be thot t whkh the
next Day was acconttngly done, all the Fleet tying by till
hit Death, and then we all made Sail again. On the 1 7th,
wc (aw the llUnd of Aftn^on., but itid not tourh here for
Turtle, although it waa tlteir I.aying-iimc: The Rcafon
was, becaufe we were fo well fupplied with Provifiuns at
the Cape, that we had no Occafion for more \ and the
Emltfl) Ships licing willing to kaep us Company, they alfo
dkTnot touch here. On the 19th, we had fine fair Wea-
ther, Willi u frelh Gale at South-cad : About eleven this
Morning happened a great F^arthquakc \ at firll it Icemed
aa it the Ship ran along upon the Ground : So we heaved
out a Lead on each Side, with two hundred Fathom of
Line, but lound no Ground. The whole Fleet tclt the
Shock at the fame time, fo that for halt a C^iarter of an
Flour there was nothing but m.iking ot Signals, and firing
of Giini. We then reckoned the lilarid of Afctnfinn to
bear Suutli-cal^, dillant about forty Leagues. Wc llcered
thence to the North- weft, and haii loon an Opportunity of
oblcrving the great Advantage refultiiigtrom our imitating
the Regularity of the Dutch ; When I fay this, 1 mean it
of the knglifl) Ships in Company, which had quitted their
Uefign ot bearing up tor the llland of Afcinfion, in order
to remain with the Fleet.

38. On the 14th of 7««, wc faw four Sail of Innh
Privateers which were wiiiting there for our homeward-
bound Ships : They came up, and looked on us \ but th' aight
it not advifeablc to make any Attempt, and foon bora
away. On the 30th, we found ourfclvcs in the Latitude
of Oi" 40' North, which was the furthed Northward that
I ever was \ and I could not but take notice of the Dif-
ference of Cold in this Place; and in 60" of Southern Lati-
tude \ for there we had continual Showers of Snow or
Hail, and the Weather very cold v whereas here, on the
contrary, wc found the Weather very fair and moderate :
The Reafon of whkh, I fuppofe, was this -, when wc were
to the Southward, wc v/cre always pretty near to the Main
of 4imnuity having it to the Weft of us \ likcwifc, when
we Wire to the Northward, we were always pretty ne.ir the
Main-land of Europe, having ir to the Eaft of i. .. Now,
being near the I^nd, wc always account the Ijnd-winds
the coldeft, and the Sea-winds the warmelh Thus the
North-eallerly Wind is accounted the coklelt Wind wc
have in En^landy Holland., &c. but in tlu- lame Latitutle
North, near the Coiift of .-hiierica, the Nonh-wclt Wind
is commonly accounted the coldeft -, and, in the famy
Fleight of South Latitude, on the Coall of .Jmema, tiie
South-well Wind is the coldeft •, as, near the Cape of
Cted I left, the South-eaft Wind is the coldeft. Now,
the NVclUrly Winds, at fuch a Height, both in North and
South Latitude, having generally the Predominancy over
the Eafterly, very much alter the I^egrees of the Flcat or
Cold of the Weather ', for which Keafon, in the South
Part of America, the Wcfteriy Wind caufed cold Weather i
but, to the Northward, the Wefterly Wind caufed warm
Weather \ and, as the F.afterly Wind, being near the
Europtan Shore, is the coldeft, fo, being near the /hue-
rican Shore, in the fame Height of Southern Latitude,
the Wefterly Wind is the coldeft. Thefe Ohtc ivacions are
of very great Ulir to Seamen, and efprcialiy to Com-
mander!!, becaufe they enable them to guefs what Weatlier
they are to cxpcft on any Coaft, and even to have a
tolerable 1 orefight of what may happen in Voyages for
Difcovery V the ApjKarance of which Forel'glit .' the
Commander is of infinite Confequencc to eiKuiiratxe the
private Men, who obey with the greatcil Che.irtulncf-, .-ind
undertake, with the grcatcft Alacrity, whatever th.y .ire
comtmiiJed, by a M.in, ot whofe judgmtnt they liavc a
uood Opinion, and of whole Skill they liave had tVequent
rxpcrieiKC J whereas the kail Diffidence 1.1 a LonunaaJer
links the Courage of his Saiior?, dotibi.s tb.e I'c.ir ot iwry
Danger, and becomes an Occtl'ion tor future Sufpicion
iiid Contempt.

^i). Wc taw, in the Lvcniiig of the ?d of July, tlie
llkinds of Earo, bearing Fall and by North, dilbnt about
ten or twelve Leagues. We foiiiuk-d, but iudro Ground
at no Fathom i at twelve at Nighc vv;' :i..d Ground a:
85 Fiilhom, and at - i liy thice m the Moi;u..g. On the

4t!i

.1^

■it.i

148

Ue V O Y A G E S 0/

Book I.

".t-

4th of July at Noon, the two Mand* of Fmr9 bore South-
rart, «lirtaiit iilxjut eight Uaguri. Wr thfn, ftccnng
North caI), luil Grounil at fighty Fathom, ("mall Pirce*
ol broken Shdii, All Ul Night wc kept firing a dun
«vcry HaU-h<)ur, to give notke to the truifen, whom
we txjWlcil to mett here. On the 5th, according to our
Kxpeetationj, wc met with our Convoy, which hail been
rruiling tor u» \ they c<Ntrtilr(l of eight Vhtub Men ot War,
fniir Vidiiallcn, ami three ol the Comiwny'i Privateer* :
After mutual SaiututionJ, we proreedcii to the So<ith-eart-
wanl, being all boiiiul lor .Imfitrdtm ; Ami, on the 1 5th
ol July, wc all arrival (atcly in the Inil \ anil, on the
1 7th, wc got to .imjltridm. After whkh, mvlelf, and
tk rcll of our Cotnpaiiy, went to fee fevcral I'arts of
tMand: Ami, on the loth iit .luf^uft 1706, alter many
Dangers both by .Sea ami Ijml, wo happly arriveil in
EHglanJ, bring Imt tightrin out of one hundrni eight y-
thriT. The News of our Miifortunrs nathrd home
before us aiul every b(xly wai Iblicttou* to have an Ac-
count of what hidliefallcn us m the Kajl Indus, u\<S eli>e-
cially in the Maml of Jmhyia, umirr the Power of the
Dulfh. Ihcd- lm|xjrtiinitifs ieil mc into an Opinion, that
as complete an Account of (Hir Voyage, ai it wna in my
Power to give, might not he unacceptable to the Public \
which occilioned th; Pains I have taken in compiling thii
fnull Woik ; whercui, as there are many Advenruns not
altogether tint ntertaining, lb I hope, that fome of the
Defciipiiuns, OHervations, and Dilioverics, may with
Jullicc be thought uleful.

40. It Itv hitherto been the juA Complaint of futh as
rcail Voyag'.s with Attention, that they are often left in
the Daik, as to very material Circumrtances, while, at the
lame time, thiy arc more tlun lufiiciently informed as to
Circumftajiccs of very little or no Imjionancc. I have
often Wondered, that, cnnfidcring the many Fxlitions
th'ough which liampier'% Voyages liave p.ifl'eii, there never
was any Care taken to fupply their vifible Deficicnciei,
Tlic Kcafons are very rvulcnt to me, why Damfitr did
not publi!ii thi< lalf ^ oyagc of his to the South Seas. If
he liad Ijiokcn ihc Truth, he mufl have done himlelf no
great Credit •, and, if iie hati attempted to im(x)fe Fall-
hcKxit on the World, his Officers were moft of them alive,
and ready to contraiiict him : He chd'e, therefore, and I
think It the mort prudent Choice he ever made in his Lifr,
to be aljfolutely fiUnt. I Ins Silence, however, gives not
the lealt Satisfacfion to thcRcailer, who, noduubt, would
be glad to bj informiii of a.l the Tranikhons of that
Voya;^e, of which Mr. t'uHHi'.t has related only a Part •,
though, to fay the Truth, tiiat was all m his Power.
This Tafk I Ihall enii< avour to perform the Ix-ft I can,
having taken a great deil of Pa:iis to latiif y myfclf in thefc
PartKulars. '1 he Rt.uier may remember, tfiat, the 19th
of May 1 704, Cajitain Dampitr, in the Si. George, left
his Conlort, Captain StraMing, m the Cin^ perlt, at the
King's IjLinJ, m the Bay of Panama •, after which, we
hear no more of them. The ^urtc that Captain HiradUng
had with lam was viTy infignitlcant, and, tlierelore, they
could not maintain themlelvi-s long in the South Seas 1 which
drove thiiii, tor the take ot Shelter and Ketrelhment, to
the lilanii ot 'Juan I-'ernandtz ; and in luch a Condition
they werr wh.n they came thither, that honeft /lUxandtr
Selkirk chole rather to ftay by himlelf m that lIlaiHl, than
run the 1 ia/jrd ot rctuir.mi; into the South Seas on t»ard
the Cinqueports : \n whuh he fhcwal a great deal of Judg-
ment 1 tor the Unqut-porls actually foundered on the Coafl
of Baiacora, and only Captain Stradling, and fix or fevcn
of his Men, were favcd, an.l lent I'ntbners to Lima,
where Captain Siradhng was ai^tually hving at the time
Captain Rogers came into the .South Sea.s ; but what be
came ot hiin afterwards, I cannot fiy. The next Perlim
that left our famous Capiam, wai his Mate, Mr. Clippinton,
as he calls him v but the Gemleinan's Name was John C/ify.
perton, ot wliom wi: Ihail have (Xealion to lay much in a
(ucteeJing Voyage. 1 le was certainly a Man of Parts and
Spirit, and, mail hum,ui Probability, would not have kit
Captain Dumpier, if he hatt not thought, that he would
obllinately remain in the South S'.as in his old .raty Ship
the 67. Ceorge, till the (uuiulcrevi ; and, Hnd.iig tliat a
great Part ol the Crew waeof the faincOpir.on, thought
4

;i1 ,

proper to leave him at the Mi«Ulie IdamN, where he ww ta-
mning \ awl where it was plain to all who f.iw her, the .v.
Qt*rit wa» no long< r lit to put to S«», I hit wu on Stft j,
1 704 \ and Mr CUfferian had now wwh h«n no more iha*
twenty one Mm, in a Bark of ten Tonn, with two Mj(i«,
•nd two Sfiuare liiili, two Pattrreroe*, and two or tiirce
Barrrls of Powder ami Shotk yet he ventured into R,t
Ijm, on the Coall ot Mnuo, where he tntik two Aptm^
Ships at Anchor : One was very old and worm-eaten, tor
which Realbn he ordereil her to In- immediately lunk » the
other Shit) wu new, and h.id on lioard her (itxids to a run-
liderable Value. Caotatn Uifpertin therefore, loc fo he wai
now called, lent on more tw>i of his Pnlbntrs, with a (Ti-
ter to thc.!i^«//b(iovrrnor, demaiutingten thnuliind picm
of Fight, by way of Kanfom tor that .Ship. The I'n
foners fixike lo handfomely of r^«/^/M, that the (iovrrn )r
refolvcil to treat with him k and therefore lent him Won),
that he did not think his ProtH>lition unrealonable \ Init tlijt,
as the Ownrn wte abtblutely rxiinrd, and the Town very
(Nwr, it was impoffiblc lor him to comply with it ( Imt it
4(KX) Pieces ot Fight, whkh was all they couki raite,
would content him, it Ihould br fcnt aboard in ready Mo*
ney, and they would rely u\xm hit Honour for the Dii:
charge ol the Ship. Capt.iin Cliff trim accepted the Pro
|)olah but, at theliime time, inlormcdthe (JoveriHir, thjt
they were in great want of Provifionianil Watrrj amltlKrr.
fore ( x|x.fted, that whatever rouki be eat or drank, IhoukI
not lie incltiilcd in the Capitulation. Thii was very rcottily
agreed to, the Money (tnt on txurd the nest Morning, ai>>l,
a.s l>K>n as the Provifions could be got nut of her, the Nhiii
was very honourably reftored. Captain Chpperten lailnl
from thence to the (tulph of Salinas, where they drrw
their little VtflTel alhore, in order to clcui and refit her,
whah they did very effcAually \ and then re|I>lve(), tv,n
in this Cocklefhell of a Boat, to fail for the t.aft Mm;
which they did, and, keeping in the latitude of iS' North,
reached the Ptilsppint Iflands in fifty tour Days. \Vhi,j
they were among thefc Iflands, there came off a Camr,
with a Spam/b I'riell in it, whom they detitined till tlwy
were lurnifhed with frefh Provilioni, and then let hini at
Liberty. The next Scheme they form«l, w.i$ to Ruia
the Enghjb Settlement at Pult Candore, whkh lies in the
latitude of S° 40' North i and accordingly came thithir;
But, undcrllanding tliat the Er.glijh had been mailiittl
by l\\t\r Indian Soklien on Mareb j. 1705, they IimvI
there wat no .Safi ;y to be expected there •, and therelorc in-
ftaiuly bore away for Msuae, a I'ort belonging to thr Psr-
iMguefi in Cbina, where they all fhiftod for themlilvts at
well as they could. Some went to Binjar, in order torn-
ler into the Eajl India Company's Service ; others to fj»j,
to fcrve the />«r/«/iMy/ 1 and liimc entered into the Payol
the Great Mogul \ for, after fo lon^ a Voyage, they w.r
fo bare, that any Means of providing for themlelves appe ami
very agrceabfc. As for Captain C/r/t^^r/M, he returned to
England in 1706. and lived afterwards to make annthtr
Voyage round the World m the Suicefs, of which, in is
proper Plate, we (hall give an Account. It is reqiiifitf, a
the mean time, to go back again to Capt.im Dampir, in
order ;o Ihcw what became of him, after It) great a I'am*
hit Ship's Company had ilelirted hini. It is not imIv !)
conceive a Man in a worlc Situation, than Mr. Damt^c
found himfcif at tlic time Mt.Eunmll and his IVopl !•-
him. It wa« at the Clolc of the Year 170J, Irv ;. v
this Rfttjlution ; and all thr People that it w is 1 1 it
Power of Dampier to keep with him were but twenty ns; it:
and even thefc he jircvaileil ujxin to ftay, by re|)rrln ri'S,
that there was nothing eafier than to make their loiri
by furprifing fome fmall Spamjb Village 1 and tlut '■- ,
fewer there were of them, the fewer there wouKI l>
lliare the Booty. After Ibinr Confultation, th-y rei vc; 1
to attack Pnna, an Hamlet or Village conlifting <>t a ■ '
thirty Houfes, and a fniall Church. There 11 a laoii imc: |
who commands there, and the Inh.ihttants were pr< ity * -
to pafs. Accordingly he landed in a dark Ni^iit, i-fj
priled tiie Inhabitants in their Bcils, and fo t(K)k I'nti '!^^""
of t!ie Place with very little Trouble After p!uiu!-«
this Town, they repaired to the Ifland ot Lohs dt In Ai'
in onlcr to conlider what they lliould do nexr •, ami,
the Way, took a fmall Sfamjb lUtk, welllurnilhAl *!'

Provi'i

copl • I'"

:Ury t . ^

W !S ^ ■ I'"

fiity ''!?''■
ml tlui vi:

,[T <>(' 1:11 -

• jirilty *^

Chap. I. dipt din William Funneii..

ProyifioM. After fomr Confuluiion, it wu rcfolvnl to
quit (iKir own Shipi and ti> ituleavixir, in ihii Bark, 10
(oniiMUi thru V oy*ge to the E^ Mia. Acconlmjly
ihcy Wt ihe Si. (ittrti at Anchor uniUr ilui liUntl, alter
fumng i*krn "^ '" "^*' *"** ^•''"•^'''^ v ami llicn cinuteil
thnr Kiloliition of Uilintt to tir tndiiu where ihey w re
m hiijir* all 'h'" l'"Ool4e» would luvr endc«l.
how<v«fi

I4P

In I

they were quite mitiakcn \, lur, arriving in >iic
ot th> /)N/i^ Sitllcmcnti, their Bark waa fciccd, il^-ir
Oo<\li iM^ •"»! themfelvca turned kjofc into the VVi.fKI
to Ihifc <«« >vrll ai tky couUt : This wai the t'nd of
tui^tiin Dampi •'» unfortunate l'.x|>e(liti{)n, who ri:turn<'d
tuk<d to b" i)wnf rs, with a nichmholy Ki lation of liw
and their Miitortunrs, «)Ccafion<'l chiefly by hia own O'ld
r<mi*r, which maile luu. I" Iclflufhcicnt and over-
Ivarinr^ that tew tf none ol luce l-iffenfion begins amongft thole
who hwct u.nand, all Sliced fl may be juAly difpaind
cf. Vet, as thtff *■« a Degree ol Compaflkm tluc to
lb eminent a Man, nniwitlillanding all his Failings, the
I'ublic eiprcllcd it, m t!ic ftrongcrt manner poliible, to
Capuin Dsmfitr, on his q»aiing home, even in this
Dilltrds i aiul he was introduced to (he QuLcn, had the
Honour tu kifs her Hand, and to give her li^iiir Account
ol tiic Dangers he had run through. The Merchants,
however, were fo fcnfible of his Want of Condudl, that
tliry refolved never to truft him more with any Command \
and tlui, with the Poverty brouglit uuon him by his lalt
unlucky Vuyage, obliged him to make the Tour of the
WDflil once more, in (Quality of I'ilot, on board the Duke,
commanded by Captain IVeodts Rortrs : The Hiftory of
wh'li- Voyage will be the Bufincls of the next Scdtiuni
tiie prcllnt I Ihall clofe with a very few Kemarks.

41. It is very clear, from the fevcral Particulars reconltd
in this Voyage, which I take to be as honeftly and fin-
ccrely written, ai any I have ever met with, that there is
nu mighty 1-orcc rcqiiifitc to carry on a Privateering War
in the South Seas j lincc, if Dampier'i Temper would
have luftcrcd hiin to live on I'uch I crms as were nquifite
to prcfcrve the AffcdSons of hts People, it is moll certain,
that he might have raifed an imnienle Fortune for hiinfcit,
and his Owners, in fjite of any thing the Spaniards did
agiinll hiin. It is alio very apparent, that, with due
Care and Attention, there was no fort of Danger of th( ir
ever w.iming Provifions. But the thing that ruined their
Vuyage was, that Spirit of Difcord which remained among
thrmlclvcs, and which, at lall, rcmicrcd them incapable
ol any kind of DifcipHne. It is Command that makes one
Botly of Men fupiTior to another c<]ual in Number, and
as well provided with Arms •, for, hy this means, they are
broke, rxercifed, and know their Duty in all Situations
which others do not •, and this natur.-dly ^jivrs them a pro-
digious Advanuge. The late Attempts that have been
maile in the lyeft India fccm to ililcredit this Opinion •,
and the Stories we have been told of the Uucannecrs, have
drawn many People to imagine, thar, in fuch Attempts,
they are ru|)erior to Men under regular Command. Thele
arc dangerous Milhkes, fuch as may have fatal L.ffefts, if
they fprcadj and, theicfore, every Opiwrtunity Ihould be
taken to refute them. In order to do this, we muft firll
conlider, what is meant by regular I roops, and Men
under regular Command •, which certainly implies, Men
acquainted with the Piiiuiplcs of tluir Profellion, coin-
mandid by cxpenencvd Ofticers. It is not the Cloth and
j\rni5 ihat conllitutc a regular Force, but the Knowledge
the Men have acquired in military Difciplinc ; and, as to
OlTuers it is certain, that an old Man, who has never fcen
Service, is by no means fit for Command, ei'pccially in a
Country where he never lit his Foot before. As to the
Bucannctrs, they were, with refpccfl to their perfonal
Qualifications, regular Troops , and, in time of Adion,
they were pretty niiKh under Command \ to which all
their Sutcefs was owing: But then, as tlieir Officers had
no .Authority, but what they dttivid from the Choice ot
their own People, and held this only during their Plealure,
diere was no fuch thing as forminj', regular Ucfigns, or
coiuluflingthcm, for any Length ot Time, with Prudeiitc
and Difcretion : Whtnte it c.ime to pais, that all their Suc-
celTes were mere tcmpoMry Advaiit.igci, not at ail bcnc-

NUMB. XI.

ficial in their Confitjurmis to themlrlvri, nr tli-ii tnurtiy.
'lodiy the Trutli, the only LL that can Ik iii4doi,t thtm,
it (o prove, ilut niueh ^irtatcr Thmns may Ik done I y
Men oi-itcr comnwmkil. There is the Unir Diffcru.* •
between Btuannerrs and renuUr K<jrcfs, a* hiwtm Mm
of Ihoiig I'arti without Kdueatn n, and Men of tqu.il
Paris with the Advantigcs of Learning; 'the torni. r
fonwtimei protUue lively and furpriling Pictrs, but all
excellent and laiting Work* come trom tlie laitir. I do
not know whether tiiit Cumparifun will at iirlt .Sight b: wed
rehlh'd k but, 1 am. confident, thar, when tliruughiy (or
fidered, it wdl be lound perttdlyjuft, and tquilly agri.:
able to Kealon and txpetieix e. The next Remark ili.it 1
(hall make on this Voyage u, that it tully dcinonflratcs the
Capauty otour Seamen, to do any thing tlut coii be ex-
pcfted trom Ferlbn; flulful in that Proteirion. \Ne lie,
by the f llance of Captain Clipptrtin'i failing, wall tw iiiy •
one Men, in ■ Bark ot ten Ton, from the Si.iitli Sea.* to
China \ by Mi. Funntll'i doing the fame thing in a VtfT.I
not much bigger, and with very few more Men \ and by
Captain Dampitr'\ doing the like, in CircuiultanvTs very
httlc better i that this is not Inch a terrible, fuch an irii

Kradicable Navigation, as (ome JVi.ple of late, f(jr wii..t
leafons 1 know nut, have endeavoured fo rcprelei t it : .And
it great Advantages may arile to the Coini tcc of this
Nation, by Voyages into this I'art ol the World, I think
no Man in his Sciifts can bi' pcrru-ulcd, that there is ai y
thing very dilRcult, much lets impodible, in purliiuig
them \ fincc thefe Lxamohs (hew, that tlis is, in Fad,
the calieft and the (liortelt Way to the haft Mm, and ti>
the richell and moll valuable Paiti ol ilum. The Ul'age
Captain Dampitr met with in tins as well as in hisfornur
Voyage, and the Treatmait of Mr. Funntll, and his
People, at yMoyna, are Proofs fulticient of the 'Ti niper
of the Duiib, and of their puLfTing the Interell of thiir
Commerce to any Refptd tor their Allki: If we tliinlc
this right in tliem, as one woi:ld im.ij^inc out Oovernnunt
iIkI, Iroin their iitver iniiuiring alter thole Subjects ih;it
were |(,lt, or rifeiiting the Ulage thole met with that
tkaped, \V hy are we not as caretul of our own Trade ? VV hy
do we not proftcutc it witli, the lame Vigour ? or. Why
are we bound to kivc lb much nvjrc Coiiiplaifancc ibr our
Allies, than they have for us i It feems to be a Matter
quite out of Qi^iellion, that Commerce is not of great; r
Confcqucncc to them than to us : Botli fublill by it, ai.d
both mult be undone without it. 1 tlo not mean to infi-
nua:c, tlut we ought to ditfcr with the Duub, inueh lels
that we fliould invade their Settlements, or endeavour to
ruin their Trader all I aim at is, to fhew how reafonabf ,
and how pradicable a thing it is, to extcnil our own, and
how much therefore it ought to be our Study. To th:s i
beg Leave to add, that as this was alw.iys right, lo ic is
now baome ablolutcly necclTary : 'The Nation launches
out into much larger Expences, than in loimer Times ; and
from hence it is evidenr, tiiar, if (he does not draw laig: r
Advantages fiom Trade, (lie mull be undone; 'This is a
Truth ol fi) great Corfequence, that no Man, who lov.s
his Country, can jirevail upon hinifelf to miiue tlie M, in-
ter : Belides, all nation;il F.xpence confirting 111 tli- Fxporc
of Wealth, it follows, rliat we ought, at this Juncture
elpecially, to cncour.i-je fuch kind of Commerce, as m.:y
repair this I.tifs in the quickeft ar.d nvA cUceUial Ma -
ntr. 'This Voyage, and feveral o! th- prei edmg, tin w
us, that here is a Hioit and fpeciiy ".l'a{.5e to very n h aid
plcafant Countiies ; from whence we may derive iniin,-
diatcly Lirge Quantities of Gold, exclulive of otiier valuat le
Comnio.iities. Befidcs, wc are now .it W.ir vsith Sp,:i'i,
and that Crown h.is v;'ry confiderable Dominions in thol':
Parts ; where, though I believe tney may be coiTij;a;ativt y
llronger than they are in the /Imerican Dominions, yjc
moll certain it is. that tluy are evcry-v/herc upi.n bad
'Terms with tlie Natives, anil have a much ^^rtater Corn-
pals of 'Tcriitory than they are able to defend. 'I h:.re is no
doubt to be made, that two or three Ships, well marned,
woukl be able to make a very profitable ^'oy^gc this W ;iy.
I would not be undeillood to be a warm Advocate tor
Priv.itccring, which, 1 mull contefs, I think below tlie
Dignity ot tf.e Biiltijh Nation ; but, a-: we were drawn
into this W:ir by the Depicda;io:.s of tlic Sfanijb Pn-
; (^ v,if.ers^

iii.

■t ■ ^'^

til;,

m ;:f/'i

ij '^

■ #ii

^f||i;

ii)ip

190

7/;^ V O Y A G E ^ oj

l^ook ], H C/mp. J

vatcrni, as we can get vciy little by it in «ny other Shape
than that of rrivatcehng, as the f.xpencc it has brought
u\H}n us, in the Interruption of our 1 rade, requires effec-
tual and quick Supplies, we have unqueftionably a Right to
indemnify ouridves, and our Intereft makes it our Duty
to piirfue it. Nay, thb is the molt probable Mcth(xl of
putting an Fnd to the War : Wc may, by this means, inter-
rupt the Coinmcrce lietween their Eaji and ff^tjl Imiitt to
fuch a Degree, tliat, in Conjunflion with the other Methais
already taken to diftrefs them, it may deprive tlit.-n of the
Means of carrying on the War, and thcr.-by incline them,
not only to a prcfent Peace, but to maintain aid prefervc it,
that tluy may not have to do again with a Power ib capable
of diftuibing, and even deflroying them, in allthofe Parts
of the World, where no other Power can reach th( m. 1

dance of plaufiblo Arguments were brought to prove n .
which met with greater I-'ncouiagement, bcraufe the Bri
tip) Adminiflr.iiion, at that time, was engaged in tlw Pn,
lecution of a War ujxm the Continent, that rendered ir
very inc-oiivenient to (lifoblige any of our Aiiies, more efi«.
ciolly the Dw/r* and the Houfe ot /fr//^n«, neither of wliici
were well pkafiit with fuch kind of Expeditions : Yet, if
fpitc of tliefc concurrin;; Circumftanci s, Mr. Dampter couit
not forbear endeavouring to fpirit up a new Voyage to tfac
South Sc.is, where he had alrmly Iprnt fo many Years m
his Life to Ib very little Purpofe. He was well fatisfitd
that It w;w not through any Difficulty in the Voyggj^ f^^^^^
the fupenor Sirngtli of the Enemy, or thj^Want ofpm.

i)er Qiiaiitit s m our P.ople to fuccccd in Juch Schemes, t)i«
b many of them had tailei', but merely from their bting
but indifferently conducccd -, and thcreO^ir he flattered him-

cannot help adding a Word or tw6 more upon this Subjeft,

before I leave it i and that is, with Td\>eA to the Policy of felf, that, if this L'.vil was once remoyeil, things wruld go
Maritime Poweis in the Management of their Wars -, be- better, and he might ftill have an Opportunity of retncv-

' ing his CirrumftanctSi or, at leaft, o» acquiring a tolerable
Subfirtence. It was with this View that he aitrcHed him
felf to the Mefchmts of Briftol, who are juftly rr pined tht
moft aftive and pulhing People in this Nation. Tiny hetri
his Propofak with Patience, examined them with Artm.
tion, andj at laff, faw Ib much of Probability in what he
offered, anil fuch LikelihootI of hit provinf^ a good Pilot
tho' he had been but an unlucky Captain, tlut they deter-
mined to lit cut two Ships at his IntUncc i but refulved to
difpofc of them as they thought proper. This gave Riie
to that Voyage, which is to be the Subje^ of our next
Sedion -, a Voyage the beft concerted, and the bell ton-
dufted, of its kmd } and therefore we need not wonder, thit
it was the moft fucxelsful. We draw now near the Clolc
of this Part of our Work j and I IhouM very readily intlint
to fhorten the remaining Relations as much as pollible
But there are fo many Circumffanccs curioui in themlehrn,
and Tranfaftions of fuch Importance to the Trade and Wel-
fare of this Nation, that, 1 flatter myfelf, my Readers will
Ik very well pkalcd to find, that 1 have prcferved the lame
Order in thrfc, .is in the reft, and do not fruftrate their
juft Expe(5tations by hally and imperfeft Abridgmcnu.

caufe, if we may judge from the Reafon of Things, or the
Courle of Kvents, this has not been hitherto fo Well under-
ftooil as it ought to be : A Maritime Power ought certainly
to avoid, as much as polTiblc, quarrelling with her Neigh-
Ixjurs, and making an endlefs or vain-glonoiB Shew of her
Naval 5>tiingth. Small Squadrons, fent frc-qiiently on long
Voyages, will lerve to air and exercife her Seamen in the
pulilii- Scr\'icc, without burdening hcri'elf, or frighting
the refl of the World by frequently drawing together nu-
merous and ulllvls Fleets. The Negleft of this Maxim has
been the Rum oi every Maritime Power that ever exiffed,
with the .Addition of another Error of a contrary Nature, I
me.:n, the carrying on of lingering Wars, and not making
a Ihort Ufe of luiierior Power at Sea. When Piace can be
no longer prelerved, the next licft Meafure is, to reftore it
as foon as polTiblc j and this can be done no other way, than
by a bold ai.J vigorous Profccution of the War 1 for, to a<5t
coolly, and protra^, is to difcredit your own Power, and
to encourage the Enemy. This leads me to the laft Re-
mark, which this \'oyagp (hall funiilh : The Misfortunes
that attended Damper, Stradling, Qipptrton, and Funnell,
induced a Notion, that it was to no manner of Purp)fe to
fit out Privateers from hence to the South Seas % and abun-

.;/

SECTION XVI.

The Voyage of Captain Woodes Rogers in /^Duke, anJ Captam Stzphiln Courtn
c w the Duchefs, rou/uJ the IVorld.

^ ' r"j^TT^, "^J^' ^'"'"''"'''''S^ <""' of /'^•'- principal Proprifton. j. The Rults fixed h tbtm (or
Undiu I cf the Voxage. 3 . 7 be Du ke and Duchels /,;// from Bridol , June 1 y. 1 708. 4. Thfy arrrce C
Cork md,!,ak,- up their Complement oj Mm. 5. Prcfecute their Voyage from Cork to the Canarie*.
6. A Prize taken e,n.i di/charged. 7. Another Prize taken, -which ouajicns great DiJhHtes. 8. Ar-
li \n'"'T'\ c '■ 'f'" ^'?''/'""" 1' ^/'""/<-. ^"/' '^ Copy ofthofe Articla. 9. The Linguijl left hdl-d :-.
//. JJ/unu 0/ St. Atuonic, for difohcying Or Jen. ,0. State of the Cape dc Vcrd Illands at tku t,':t
;/; /I::"'?;''" ^"'["^ /"Pprepcd , 2 a Dc/cption of the Ijhnd oJ Grande. . , . The H,/hn a
//; / ?V ■■\'" ^'■■""'''' '" "^^"'^ "" ^""y " '^''b'"'"" <''"1'^ '^io^ founded. 14. Defcripticn c, it,
^W./ Juan ic-rnaiuie/. , y. Frueed ,„ the.r I'oyage to t/.^ .South Seas, i6. Th.t A^Jtuns :n !.

S .„/ 'r.'^: f f?'"'"'/'"'^'' ^''^'" "/'''■ '""¥i''^fr Engagement. ,8. The Town of i}uum\
rrZ' T ■ '\ °^ '■ ^"P'-'"'"^""- ' 9. ^^coun' of ty Plunder taken tb:re. jo. DeJeriLon >> ni

Ir) t7/i /, Ki C,allnp;,g.,s Klands, 23. Continue to cruije on the South Sea. 2+. they fit up a I'rr:,
^hcShic,:!^^'"'- '\. (''■^"\'ff''-l>'^'rermstothe,rPr,Jlnen. 26. New D.fturbana. ^^•'vl
ptf /nam r ', r /• '^^■"'^^^^^■•P^'-''-'"^- "^ the Cru.Jc.' 28. A further Account of the g£-
li; V. . * ^' jV, '", f ^'"^ 'J *^^"'^"- 30- ^. -real on the Coafl ofQMoxJ. ^ , . /..

tr [\ tL ' ;,wt f f'- ^'ff'' ^^'P- 32- r>Vcover the larger Ship, and refohe , ..„.
~ ^^'eJ^n h n ; "- ''";':l':""^ Engagement, are forced to leave her. , +. ^U,gh D.r:.r.

las anyH oyaLe of thfs ^a S. t li T\' ^'"^''^'^ '"'B^"""- All 'his, I conceive, was chietly o^n

('J well proved for m all rcfiiftso n '"PP' ^ f^jf ^'l' '« «»>= F^onal Abilities of the Gentlemen at BnjU wf*

prov.jeuiorin ;ill rcfpcfts, or in which the Aca- charged thcmlclvcs, not only with the Expcnccs olth:

L.x)'<--

Captain Woodes Rogers.

htm for th
arrive <i'

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cntcs otthis

CIwp. I.

rxpeilition, but with the Care of all things relating to it.
Tliife worthy (ientlcmcn were, as lar as I have been able
to learn-, viz- Alderman Balcbtlot, John Rumfey, Efq-,
Mr. lames liolU^e, Captain Philip Ireake, Chriftopher
Sbuter, fSq; Sir Jehu Hawkins, Mr. Francis Rogers, Mr.
Jhcmas Gddniy, Captain Thomas Dover, Mr. ff^eH, Mr.
John Diukinfitld,MT. John Corfelty, Mr. IVilliam SaunJers,
jvir. John Grant, Mr. Daniel Hickman, Mr. Richard
liawkjiaorlb, Mr. Tifrow/*.; Clemens, Mr. Thomas Coutes,
Captain 5/<?Af» Courtney, Mr. Laurence Helljfter, Mer-
rhants of flrj^a/, and Mr. Palmer^ and Mr. y^^7tf», with
ibine other Gentlemen of Ltndon, who were not concerned
till the Ships were at Sea. Their firft Care was to make
Choice of proper Officers, in which they were very for-
tunate : Captain H^oodcs Rogers, who commanded in chief,
was a bold, aftivc, indefatigable Officer, one that woiikl
not give up his Opinion too readily to others, and who was
not to be flattered by other Peoples giving Up their Opi-
nions to him. ' He had been a large Sufferer by the French,
anil was naturally no great Friend to that Nation ; but his
mod fingular Quality, and that which indeed recommended
iiini to this Command, was a peculiar Art he had of main-
taining his Authority over his Seamen, and his Readinefs
ill finding out Ewpedients in the moft difficult Conjundures,
Captain Stephen Courttef was a Man of Birth, Fortune, and
ot very amiable Qualities : He contributed confidcrably to
the Expence of the Voyage, and took a Share in it, that
he might fee how it was managed, and be able either to
prevent Mifcarriages, or, at lealt, to make a faithful Re-
port of them. Captain Thomas Dover, who was third in
Command, was a Proprietor alfo, and went for the fame
Rcafon. He was by Profeflion a Phyfician, and, towards
the Decline of his Life, made aN<rife in the World, by re-
commending the Ufe of crude Mercury. He was a Man
ot a rough Temper, and could not eafily agree with People
about him : But his untoward Difpofition had one good
Ftfcft, which was this j that it hindered his making any
Party to fupport him in his ill Humours. As for Captain
Eihvard Cooke, who was ftcond to Captain Courtney, he
had been twice taken by the French, once by four Dunkirk
Privateers, and again by two Men of War of fifty Guns.
The Pilot, in the larger Ship, was Captain iniliam Dam-
pier, who W.IS now to proceed for the fourth Time into
the South Seas, where his Name was very well known,
jiii, from his txploiti, terrible to the Spaniards i and they
w(Tv alfo extremely careful in the Choice of their inferior
Oiiircrs, and, as far as it was polfible, even of their pri-
vate Men.

2. The Proprietors, in the next Place, undertook to
i.iy down Rules tor the ConduA of the Voyage •, which
wtrt- digefted into the following Piece, figncd by a Com-
mittee of the Proprietors, and ftylcd veiy properly The
Conjiituiicn. It ran thus :

' For the better Government, and regulating of Affairs
' of the prelent Voyage, wc, whofc Names are under-
' written, Owners, a;id appointed Directors for the Ships
' Jhkr .ind Diicbefs, do hcrefy appoint and conftitute
' Captain IVocdes Hogcn:, Captain Thomas Dover, Captain
' IFiUum Dampier, Mr. Carlton Vankrugh, Mr. Green,
' Mr. hy, Mr. Charlts Pope, Mr. Glendall, Mr. Bullet,
' and Mr. irafe, all Officers on board the Duke, to be
' Council on Iward the faid Ship ; ami Captain Stephen
* Courtney, Captain Cooke, Mr. IVilliam Stretton, Mr.
' Bathe, John Rogers, Mr. tVhite, and the MalUr, OfH-
' cer>; on bo.ird the Duchefs, to be Council on board the
' faid Ship, in cafe they (hould be feparated from each
' other ; but, when in Company, the Officers of both
' .Ships above-named are, conjunflly, at the Summons of
' the Captains Powers, Dover, and Courtney, or any two
' ol thrm, to come on boaal either Ship, and be the
Counul referred to in our general Orders, to determine
all Matters ami Things whatfocver that may arile, or be
I'cccirai y for the general Good, during the whole Voyage.
In tale ol Death, Sicknefs, orDefertion, ot any of the
above Offieers of either Ship, the left that are of the
Council appointed as aforelaid for the Shij), fhall con-
vine on board their own Ship, and chulc another lit
Pi rtbn into that Office and Council. We farther ret^uire
I' And dircd, ilut all Attcmfts, Awacksj and Defigns,

i^i

' upon the Enemy, cither by Sea or L.and, be firfl con-

* fulted and debated, either in the Particular, if feparated,

* or in the general Council, if together •, and, as the Ma-
' jorjty thereof fhall conclude, how or when to aft or do,

* it fhall be indifpcnfably, ancl without unnecefTary Delay,
' put chearfully in Execution. In cafe of any Difcontents,

* Differences, or Misbehaviour, amongft the Officers and
' Men, which may tend to the Diflurbance of the good
' Concord and Government on board, either the Men, or

* Perfons, may appeal to the Captain to have a Hearing

* and Decifion by a Council ; or the Captain fliatl call a

* Council, and have it heard and decided, and miy prellr

* or difplace any Man according to Dcfcrt. All Dccilioii

* and Judgment of this Council ihall be finally detcrir.ined

* by the Majority of Voices -, and, in cafe ot an Blquality,

* Captain Dover is to have the double Voice, as Prefidtnc

* of the Council ; and do accordingly order him to be Pie-

* fident. All Matters tranfafted in this Council fhall be

* regiftcred in a Book by the Clerk appointed for that Pur-
' jwlc. Dated in 5r/^o/, July the 14th, 1708.*

John Butche'.or, &c.
3. Wc ...vc two Accounts of this Voyago, one by
Captiun Rogers, the other by Captain Cooke, and both in
the manner of a Journal. I fhall follow Captain Rogers
chiefiy j but, where it is ncceffary, lliall take in expla-
natory Circumffances and Defcriptions from Captain Cooke -,
yet, as they were both Eyc-witnelTes, and agreed pretty
well in their Relations, I do not think it neceflary to break
the Thread of the Dilcourfe, in order to mention their
Names, but proceed, as near as may be, in the Words of
Captain Rogers. All Things ncceffary being provided,
fays he, we were firft to fail tor Cork, in order to make up
our Complement of Men -, our Force ftanding thus : The
Duke, Burden about 300 Tons, 30 Guns, and 1 70 Men,
Captain Woodes Rogers Commander, Captain Thomas Dover
fecond Capuin, with three Lieutenants, i^c. and the
Duchefs, Captain Stephen Courtney Commander, Captain
Edward Cooke fecond Captain, with three Lieutenants,
Burden 270 Tons, 26 Guns, and 151 Men: Both Ships
had legal Commilllons from his Royal Highnefs Prince
George of Denmark, Lord High Admiral of England, to
cruile on the Coafts of Peru and Mexico, in the South Sets,
againft her Majefty's Enemies, the French and Spaniards,
and to aft jointly, as belonging to the fame Owners, Mer-
chants in Briftol. On the 15th of June, 1708. we towed
down from Hong-road to King-road, in order to lit our
Ship, and the better to keep our Seamen on board -, where
we continued till Monday Juguft the ift -, and then, at
eleven in the Forenoon, unmoored ; and at two weiglied,
with oi.r Confoit the Duchefs, eight Sail of other Ships,
and two Slo^s 1 and having little Wind, and that W'ellerly,
towed down about five Miles below the Holmes, where we
anchored in about nine Fathom Water : At one in the
Morning weighed, and made Sail with a linall Ealkriy
Brrezc i fhortencd Sail, at eight, for our Confort ; ai d, at
twelve, the Ifland of Lomh bore Welt by oou:h, difbnc
about three Leagues ; in the Evening, faw a S;il right
a-hcad, which we chafed till Niglu, and then ihorteiied
Sail for the Sliips a-ftern.

4. On the 5th of .iugujl, we had Sight of t!ie Irijh
Shore ; and, about eight in the Evening, we weighed with
the FlocxI, a fmall Gale at Eaft : It came on to blew, and
veered to the Northward. We had a Kin/ale Pilot oti
board, who endangered our Ship, it being dark and tcggy.
Before Day, he would have turned us into the next Bay to
the Wcllwardof Cork, had not I prevented it 1 whieli pro-
voked me to chaftife him for undertaking to pilot a Ship,
fince he underftood his Bulinefs no better. Tlie reft of
our Company, except the Diamond and Sherejione G.iilcy,
got intoCVryl: before Ub-, only our Conloriliaiu in the Har-
bour's Mouth, till wc came up with her On the atii, in
the Afternoon, cime in the llajlings, with the Fleet under
her Convoy, which we left in King-road. We I'pent the
Time, till the 27th of AigiiJK in u.lj.iHinp; all Things,
anil taking on board our trelh Men provided lor us at Cork,
and in dilcliarging feveral we had brought lio.m Brijlol, and
whom, by Experience, we knew not to be fit tur cur Pur-
pole. On the 28th, in the M'ornin'r, we tell down to the
Spit -end, by the Hajlm^s Man ot \\m, ai our Confort did

the

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Book f.

he Night bffore : W!if n . - j c„.

Qut«l thc/Ai/?P.^i with fcvcnGunsi Ihc atuM.ed five,
and I three tor Thanks. We had now above double the
Number of Officcn ufual in Pri^•atecrs, fd a large Lorn-

we might have t'enf ihe MiitfiicciS iiDtne in Iier Majcl'v'
Ship o? War ■, but there was nobo.Jy at all diffatiilid^
except one poor Fellow, who was to have been Tything'-
man that Year, and was apprrhciifive i>is Wife would be

„. „.-,. . rordaffe to Mr. Nobiet Sail, to which wc immediately gave Chacc: Alwut three

Sheet-cable and ''^I^" "''^^^°'^- „7S%5en i^d Pro- in the Afternoon we came up wi.h her. and then Ihc L,,.

Kofn-J, at <^»^*' ."^^.'^°PJ,j*;; °id tSng willing downright upon us. fliewing Su,eJ,Jh Colours : I f,r«l twu,

v,fions, having thr e CJl J befdrs ^^nd benig g ^^ i,^^^i^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^

S^C ewt re o ;t nirmlr^lng ^ wc ft.d at my Yawl, Captain C«./«/s Boat being jult U.o. n.

C^k thouRh they expeited^o f.il i.nmediately. Among We examined the Mafter. and found he came round v,,,

mhers he?e wa a Dane couplet! by a Romifh Pneft to Wand /r./W^ wc lufi^fted he had contraband ....Is

r AWomin without underilandin-' a Word of each onboard, bccaufc fomc of the Men, we foimd drunk,

:;he 'f L n°™^^^ thiwe^c forced to ufe an Inter- told us they had Gun,x,wcler and Cables onboard : .So.;

y"° f ,;.,.ceivcd, that this Riir feemed more rcfolvcd to cxammc her ftnftly, put twelve Men on lx),!r,'

C(wl Voya-Tcs, and their happy Meeting, and then p.irtcd dcr Time to carry her into any Harbour, to cxanVme hu

unconcerr.cd Mod of us, the chief Officers, embraced farther, we let her go without the leaft Embezzleir.er-

this DcfiRn of Privateering round the World, to retrieve The Mafter gave me two Hams, and fomc rougj,-,;,

the Loflls we had fuftained by the Fjicmy. Our Comple- Bert •, and I gave him i dozen Bonlesof KeMre.tk tyu , .

ment of Sailors in both Ships was ^33, of which above They faluted us at parting with lour Guns : She belong.'

one- third were Foreigners from mod Nations 1 ftveral of her to Siniii near Hamburgh, and was a Fngate-built Ship, ^i

Maieftv's Subjidts on Ixwrd were Tinkers, Taylors, Hay- 22 Guns, about 270 Tons. While I was on board i^

makers I'edlais, Fidl-rs, iic. one Negro, and about ten Swede Yefterda;, our Men mutiny d ; the Ring Irul.rs

Boys. With this mixi-.l Crew wc hoped to be well m.mned,
as foon as they had learnt the Ufc of Arms, .ind got their
Sea Legs, which we doubted not foon to teach them, a.".d
bring them to Dilcipline.

; On the firft ot September we took failing Orders, the
better to keep Company with the Haftings and Fleet ; and,
after having agreed with our Confort Captain Courtney, on
Sicrnals iKtwcin iis which arc fo common, that I need not
in^rt them here, and appoiiitetl Places of Rendefvous, in
c.ife of Separation, .md how long to he for each other at
eveiv Place, alxtut ten in the Morning we c.imc to fail
with the Hdjiixgf, and about twenty Merchant Ships
bound to the Southward .ind Wi.ftward, Wind at North
and by Weft : We Ihould have failed the Day betorc, but
could not weigh and caft our Ships clear of the reft •, fome
at th.it time drove, and the Sber/ione Galley ran quite
aihore on tht; Spit. In the Ni^jht it grew moderate
Weather, ami Captain P-iul ui the Hnjlin?^ got lur oft' to
fill with u«. Our Hokis were hill ot I'mvifions, our
C.-ibL's, a great deal of Bread, and Water-calks between
Decks and iS^ .Men a'.ioard thr Duke, wtdi i,i -'.joard
the Ducbefs ; lo that we were very much crouded, not tit
to cnijai^e an F.nemy, wiilioiit throwing Provifion and
Stores overboard. The next Day, we, and our Conforr,
IUkhI out ot tlif Fleet, to clule u Sail we law to Wir.d-
w.ird. Ojr Ships faded iis well as any m the Fleer, not
excepting [!ic Man of War-, fo that wc began to hope wc
fliouKl l!:n.i ovir 1 leels, fince wr went h well, though deep-
Lidtn. Wc lound the Chace to be a Ihiall Vefl"cl coming
into tlic Hect fiom Rahitnore. On the 4tli, it blew Uc{\\
in the Moniini', : C.iptam l',>u! made a Signal for me,
C aptain Coirtxev, and Captain luiwnrds, Commander ot
the i>:!pio ; and, .itter Ipeakip^ with him, he lent his Boat
for us, b.inj^ larj^er than ours : Wc, with Mr. Dover, and
Mr. lant/iu^h, went in her, and found Capt.iin Paul aboard
his Ship. He projwicd to me and Confort, wlicn he kft
the Hctr, winch wonKi be very foon, to crude a few Days
together oft' Ci|)e b'tnijhe. Alter having; alked us what
v/c wanted, that he could lupply us with, he gave us
Sf lulibers, Iroii Scrapers tor the Ship IJottoni, a Speaking-
trumpet, and other Things, that we had not •, but he
would accept nothing from us, bttaufe <.ur \'oyage would
h- long ; but told us, he ftiould Ic w.-!l pieafe 1, if our
Ownrrs returned iiim the lame Nireliaiies fir ! .s Ship
wli.n h'. can'.eluck. Abciit fix in tl.'- Kvuu:i}^ wc rciuincd
to our own SIup, and, having falld all our Ctcw uihjii
Deck, we ;iiquainied iliein wnither we were bou.ui, and
. wJiat our Dcligi'.s wcrc, that, in cak any Dif mtcs liad arilUi,

bring our Boatlwain, and three other inferior Ofticeib. 1
Morning, the chief Officcis having kept with me m ■; .
After-part of the Ship, we confined the Authors 01 1. .,
Difordrr, in which there wasnotoneF'oreigncrconccn-.ti
Wc put ten of the Mutineers in Irons, a Sailor being li.it
foundly whipped for exciting the rift to join him -, otiitn,
lefs gu:!ty, I piiniftied and ilidharged ; but kqn ux uw:
Oft^cers all armed, fearing what might happen. The Ship'i
Company fccming too much inclined to favour the Muj-
neers, made me morccafy to forgive : Some begged Paruor,
and others I w.is forced to wink at : \ lowcver, they b: i;ii
to find their Dcfign fruftratcd, which was to make a Ywu.
of the Svcede, who they alleged had much contr^bar i
Goods aboarti, though we could fee none : Yet tluy obi:-
nately infifted, that wc apparently gave away tluir Intcrd!,
by letting her go without pluntlering her. I labours! ;.j
convince them of the Ncceinty of our making Difpai.h ,
and that, if wc could make her a Prize, it would liirrr.
our Ships too much tu fend her into any Port -, kiiiti
other Dilatlvantages it might procure to ourfeivcs and O -
crs, ftiould we be miftaktn -, which pacified the major la;::
Our Conlbrt's Men were at firft very uneafy -, but, tir..iir|;
the Mahcontcnts tiuellcil aboard our Ship, they ail kr.i
quiet. We lud alierwards a gre.it deal of Trouble ».:ii
thefe F'ellow?, who did us more Mifehief when in Irors'hji
belorc, by ftiri ing up the Men to releafe them ; prtlei. rf.
that tlicy lijflcred in the Caufe of the Cnw, ai d tnerc t
the Crew ought to rife and rtfcue them. This i!ettriiinc
me to make fume Examples ; but I ftill relblv(d to ^v\.x
mildeft way to v>ork I could j and tiiertforc leg.m Wirii re-
moving (iilef Caf) fioin being Il<.atlwain, ami rn.uli .n-
other in his room, without i.'ittnding any t.hing !a.::<'
But, on September .j. thi.. intcftinc Sinrai role h'giii'r (.►-'i
ever j tor a Sailor came up to inr* at the Stter.i^^i ''xr,
with the bed Part of the Shiji's Company at his ll-s
demamhiig the Boatlwain imint diately out of Cuft oy
I 'poll this, I defirt\l him to fpeak wirii me by hiiniiiri!
the Q_u:uter deck i which he dul ; where the Officer jlfi 1
ing me, I feizcd him, and made one of hh diief Co!!.rj.u
whip him. This Method I tiioiiglu b<,ft tor breakin', t*
uiUawtuI Fiiendlhip among themfclvcs i whuh, w.t:iLi-
feren. Correiflions to other OIH iidcii, allayed the Tu:; ul;,
lo that now iht y began to luluiiit quietly, aiul :l;'ilc •■•
lions U ggv:d P.trdon, and pion>ilcd Amcndiiiciit. 1 hisM^-
tiny wouM not hive bcwi eafily laid, wdc it not \j\ '■■
Nu-nlxr ot our Otfiteis, which wc bcij.ui to tiiid v-'/r
ceflaryto bnnp, our Crew to (;rler .ind iJi.aphnci wlmli"
always very d.di.ult m niv-ta r- , md w.ihout whicl ''^

llIli<v...J

jcily i the E>igli/h b
iiig-grounJ, and tl

the atorelaid Coiilul

Chap. I.

Captaht WooD^s Rogers.

ir IntcrLl!,
abijDtci! ;j
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oiiU iir.!T,r.
ort ; U.!,c;s
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il to p If

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3ut wl.icl. "■

impodilile to carry on any diftant Undertaking like ours.
i hf iiixt tveiiirig, we put our old Boatfwain on board the
fyj,-„ (i.illey in Irwns \ and lent home Letters to our Own-
ers, by the C onimandcr, to jufti^ our Condu^ in treating
liiin li) liarlhlv. Ihe next Day I difcharged the Prifoners
out ot Irons, on their humble SubmilTion, and moft foleinn
I'loiiiilis ot diiiifiii Hchaviour for the future : Such among
tlicin a were petty Officers, we rcftorcd to their Com-
mands an.l all on board were forbid to difobcy or reproach
tlitin, oil account ot any paft Fjrors in their Conduft -, fo
that now wo were aJI quiet again, and the Crew in exceed-
ing giMki I iuiuour, I'hings having ended much beyond
t!i!^:r I',.<[)cctations there not bcinj^ a Man in Irons who
would not willingly have compounded for a Whipping;
.111 I wen: therefore cxccfTivc brilkand diligent to flicw their
(jtatitiidc lor li.iving efcapjd it.

;. On the i.StI), at five in the Morning, we faw a .Sail
rij;ht .1-ht.id, betwc-en Fuerlrjtntura and Grand Canary :
W (■ c h-ili v!, and at ten came up witli and took her, being
at'malK'>/<!«'y2'-Shi|), bound from Tenerif to Fuertevcntura^
with llvi:r.il Men and Women PalTengers, and laden with
fiiniiry ibrts ot Gtxxis : The next Day, at eight in the
Morning, bore away lor Oralavia Ko.id, where we Hood
oiT-ana-on, and I'tac away the Prize's Boat, with one of
the Owners Agents, a Priell, and the Mafter of the Prize,
to trc.it about ranfoming the VetVei, and to get Wine, Pro-
vilioiis, and otiicr Neceiraries, for both Ships. About
eight in the Morning, of the 20th, a Boat came from the
1 own, with a Letter tVom the Englijb Merchants refiding
there, wherein they cxpoftulated with us for making a Prize
of the Bark, alleging, that there was a free Trade agreed
to 111 thole Illands, Ix-twcen her Majefty of GrttU Brilaia,
and the Kings of France and Spain, Co religioully obferved
by the latter, that they had caulcd an EngUJb Ship, uken
tncrc by a French Privateer, to be reftorcd : And farther,
rcprtlcnting the Danger that might arifc to themfelves,
living upon PermifTion in the Enemy's Country, if the faid
Bark were not immediately reftored, for which Reprifals
would ix niadc on them •, as alfo, that wc (hould be anfwcr-
able at home tor interrupting the fettled Commerce. This
Letter was figned by John PouUen, Conful, Bernard ^aljb,
Jcbn Crepe, and George Fitzgerald, Merchants. Captain
Rojren, and Captain Courlneyt immediately returned an
AmWcr i impoiting, that, having no Inftrudions relating
to the Sfaiiiji) Wflcis trading among thole Iflands, they
eoukl not jurtity parting with the Bark on their bare Opi-
11,0ns, without Tome Order or Proclamation of her Ma-
jtily i the Eiiglifh being protc-<fled there only on Ancher-
inggrounJ, and the Bark being taken at Sea : That, in
cafe yir. I'anliriigh were not retlored, they would carry
avvMy all the Prifoners they had ; and, if tliey appreheinled
any Dctriiiieiit to the Paiftory, they might ranlbm the Bark,
and ftek their Ktdrels in England. They dcfired Dilpatch,
tluic bung no 1 ime to lofe ; and, upon fending^ back Mr.
Vanbrugi', they would releale their Prifoners. At Night
another Letter came in Anfwer to this, from Mr. IVilUam
rculdiit, the Conful ; the MA'tA whereof was. That the
Kn^iijb Men ot War were civilly received there, and ne-
ver ix.inniiiti-d 1 loUilities j and that it was ftrange wc
fliould inlill on ranlbming any Spaniards, who were never
ni.ule I'l iliiners in England, or elliwhcre : And the Gover-
noi there dilivercd up to him any Engtijh Prilbncrs that
Wen. brought in by Privateers -, wherefore he defircd thole
mourCurtody might b-.; dilniilfed, and the Bark difcharged,
execptiiip a Prefent of Wine in Return. With this, trom
t!ie .itorelaid Conful at the City luiguna, came another liom
the aboye-mentioiicd Merchants at Oralavia Port, much
to the fame I'urport with the others, only offering to pay
liie \'aluc ol 4.J0 I'ieces of Light, the S'uin demanded lor
the Ii,irk, in Wine, Brandy, Sugar, Oil, Barley, and Greens
to [irevt III mcenliiig the Natives .igainft ihcni, not queltion-
l:''S; Uit Rrpar.itlon would l)e nude tlicin in F.ngland. The
Ciptains Rcj:,ers and Courtney replied at the fame time, threat-
ening to cruife among the Iflands, to make Amends for
tluir loll Tiiiie, aiul to cannonade the Town ot Uratavi.t,
unkfs they received .Satisfaction. On the 2 id, at tour in
the Morning, we Hood in for the Shore, making a ile.ir
'''lip •, l)iit, loon .liter, wc faw a Boat comuig, with our

. I^tMU. il.

Owners Agent, and Mr. Crffs, one of the Englijh Mer-
chants, bliiigir.g five Buts of Wine, and other Refrefli-
ments. We lay by off the Town, took the Goods out
of the Prize, fold the Bark to Mr. Crofs for 450 Dollars,
and put the Prilbners aboard her. Thus ended this trou-
blefome Affair, and we were once more at Liberty to mind
ourown Concerns, anil to think of profecuting our Voyage,
which we did, after firft holding a Committee, where the
Whole of the la"te Tranfaftion was candidly examineil, and
unanimoufly approved •, which Method, for every body's
Security, we Iteadily purfiied through the whole Voyage j
and felt the happy Effeft of it on our Return, when every
Tranfaftion ap|>ears in its \>yo\xt Light to our Owners.

8. On the laft of September we ran by Santa Lucia, one
of the Cajic de Ferd Illands \ and, by eight in the Morn-
ing, being very near the Weft End of the Ifland of St,
Fincent, we bore away between it and the Ifland of St, An-
tony, and then into the Harbour of St, Vincent ; and,
about eleven a Clock, came to an Anchor in ten Fathom
Water, within the Rock : Then feeing feveral Men afhore,
and knowing the Illand not to be inhabited. Captain Cooke
went in the Pinnace armed, to fee what they were, and
found them to be Portuguefe, come from the Ifland of St.
Antony to catch Sea Tortoiles, or, as the Seamen call them.
Turtles ; who told him, wc might wood and water here.
This Ifland lies in I^atitude of 16" So N. and 25" 36'
Longitude from the Meridian of London, There are on
it great Plenty of Guiney Hens, fome Hogs and Goats ;
and, in the Ro.id, we caught Plenty of Fifli. In the Woods
there are abundance of large Spiders, as big as fmall
Walnuts i and their Webs very troublefome to get thro*,
being as ftrong as ordinary Threads, and very many of
them. While we lay here, new Difturbances arole amon^fl:
the Men in relation to Plunder ; for here we had an Op-
portunity of purchafing Things, and therefore every M.m
wilhed, that he had Ibmething to purchafe with. The Ef-
fefts taken in the late Prize occafioned thefe Heart-burn-
ings ; to put an End to all which, and to fix the People
in a firm Refolution of doing their Duty, we determined
to fettle this Affair at once, by framing fuch Article?, as,
without giving our Owners any Ground of Complaint,
might infpire the Seamen with Courage and Conftancy,
and make them as willing to obey, as their Officers were
ready to command. It colt (ome Trouble, to be fure, to
adjull and fettle thefe Articles ; but that was thoroughly
compenlatcd, by our finding, that they effeduiiliy anfwered
our Purpofe •, and that, among fuch a Number of People,
there wxs not one who refuted to comply. This Paper
was drawn up in the following Terms.

The Jrtlcles to be chfcrird on board the Duke
an J Duthcls.

i.npFL'\T all Plunder, taken on board any Prize by
•■• either Ship, fliall be equally divided between the
Companies of both Ships, according to each Man's re-
fpective whole Shares, as fliipped by the Owners, or their
Orders.

2. That what is Plunder fliall be .tdjudgcd by the fupe-
rior Officers and Agents in both Ships.

3. That if any Perlbn on board either Ship do conceal
Plunder, exeeeding the Value of a Piece of Eight, during
twenty-tour I lours alter the Capture of any Prize, he (hall
be fcverely punilheti, and lole his Share of the Plunder.
The fame Penalty tor being dmnk in the Time of Aftion,
or dilolKying the fupcrlor Officer's Command, or conceal-
ing himfelf, or quitting his Poft in Sea or Land Service.

4. If any Prize be taken by Boarding, then whatJbever
is taken Ihall be every Man's own, .is follows-, viz. a Sailor,
10 /. any Officer below a Caqx'nter, 20 /. a M.ite, Gunner,
Boatfwain, and Carpenter, 40 /. a Lieutenant or Mafter,
80/. and the Capt.iins, 100/. each, above the Gratuity
promiled by the Ownofs to fuch as fhall fignalize them-
li-lves.

r,. Public Books ot Plunder are to be kept in each

Ship, attelted tiy Officers -, ami ihe Plunder to be appraifed

by the Olliccrs chofen, and divided as loon as potTible after

tlie Capture •, every Pcrfoii to be fworn and li;archcd as foon

2R > - W

«w

7»^ VOYAGES 0/

Book I. ■ Chap.!.

^1;

.1,81

' i

1 *^-?j ii

;!Ji

jM they come aboard, by fuch Pcrfons at Ihall be appointed
for that Purpofc ; the Perfon or Pcrlbns rcfufing Hull for-
fcit tlieJr SJuit of the Plunder as above.

6. In Confideration that Captain Rogers, and Captain
Courtntft to make both Ships Companies cafy, have given
the whole Cabin-plunder, which, in all Probability, is the
maior Part, to be divided as aforelaid, we do volunurily
««ec, that they (hall have 5 I. per Cent, to each of them,
over ami above their rcfpcaive Shares, in Conhderation
fgr what is tlicir Due out of the Plunder aforelaid.

7. That a Reward of twenty Pieces of Eight (hall be
pven to him who firft fees a Prize of good Value, or ex-
ceeding fifty Tons in Burden.

8. That fuch of us as have not already fignctl to the
Articles of Agreement, indented with the Owners, do
hereby oblige the mfelves to the fame Terms and Condi-
tions as the reft of the Ships Companies have done, halt
Wages and half Shares.

9. And for the true Execution of tlie above Articles,
according to the Intent and Meaning thereof, and to pre-
vent Frauds relating to Plunder, wc do ailually agree,
that four Men (hall be chofcn out of the Duke, and four
Men out of the Ducheft, two for the Ship's Company,
and two for ciw Officers of each Ship, who arc to receive
Plunder into their PoflTeflion, and to fcarch every Man
•board, and coming from each Prize -, and we make this

Eublic, to the end that no Perfon, either Officer, or
ore-maft-man, may refiife bting learchcd by thole Men
chofen to that Purpofc, on Penalty of lofing their Shares
in the Prize and I'lundcr, and undergoing fuch Punifhmcnt
as the Captains (hall think proper to InHirt on them.

To which Articles of Agreement wc have fct our Hands,
as our full Intent and Meaning, without any Compuifion,
dated Oiioher 7. 1708.

Signed by the OlBcers and Men of both Ships.

9. We were at this time under fome Difficulties upon
ftnother Account : We had fent our Linguirt on fhorc to
get Refrcfhmuus. After ftaying two Days, in which
iime we heeled and cleaned our Ships, anil got Wood and
Water on board, our Boat returnetl with nothuig but
I jmcs and Tobacco, and no News ot our languid : But,
foon after, there came another Boat, belonging to tiiat
Part of the Illand where the Governor lives, with his De-
puty Governor, a Negro, who brought Limes, Tobacco,
Oranges, Fowls, Potatoes, Hogs, Bananas, Mufk,
Water-melons, and Brandy, which we bought of him,
and paid in fuch Prize-goods as we lud Ictt of the Bark's
Cargo, cheap enough. They are poor People, and will
trui k ar any Price tor wlut they want, in fuih Payments
ai thty can make. Wc were now reaily to fail, and,
thcrttwrc, called a Council, to confider what was to be
ilotie with rclj^ect to our I.inguift, who had promifcd the
Deputy (nivcrnor to wait for liiin at the Water fide, but
woi not I'o gooti as his Word \ and, therefore, as this ap-
jseared to Ix: iiuirciy his own Fault, the Officers ot iMjth
ilups came unanimoufly to a Rcfojution, that we had better
I'-ave hill b'huui, than lufTer two Ships to wait lor one
Man who liati dilbbeyrd his Orders. Wc were the more
inclined to do t!iis, in order to kt a proper txamplc, that
otliir J'cople might learn, when Unt alhore, to comply
with their Inlhudioiis, and come on Ixiaid dirciJUy when
they ha i lione their Buiinrfs, without flattering themfclves,
tlut fine Words, and fair F.xculis, would atone for Breach
of Orders, and the Delay of the Voyage, to gratify the
Humours and Fancies of priv.^tc Men. It was, indecil,
but a very inditllrtnt I'lacc to leave him ■, but, on the
other hand, as he knew the language, was well accjuainteil
with the People among whom he w.is k-tt, and might eafily
find a I'allagc home, wc perfifted in our Rcfolution, and
gave the necelTary Diredions for liuhng as loon as polTible,
that wc might not lolc the Advantage of the Scafon, or
be obliged to double Capt Horn at a wrong Time of the
Year.

10. On the 8th of Oaober, at feven in t le F.vening,
after putting the Deputy Governor afhof, where he mull
lie in an Hole of the Rocks, there being no Houfeon that
Part of the UUiid, we failed, our Confort having got
^orc us, and lying with a Light for us. There were

fevcral Negroes on the IQand, that came from Si. iV/«/«,
and Si. Anttm»t to make Oil of Turtle, there being vtry
good green I'urtk at this time of the Year, which I fomc.
times alkjwtti our Men to eat i they have likewili wild
Goats, but in no great Plenty, wild Aflcs, Gumey Hrns,
Kcrlews, and abundance of Sea Fowls. Captain Dampitr^
and others aboard our Ships, that hail formerly put in jc
Si. Iag9i another of thelc Capt dt Vtrd Iflands, told m,
that though this Illand is not often frequented by Ship/,
yet it u preferable to St. Idgt, for fuch as arc outward-
bound i bccaufc it is a much better Road for Ships, »nd
more convenient for Water and Wood, and has better
L.anding. The Ifland is mountainous and barren , th*
plainell Part lies againft this fandy Bay, where we roils.
The Wood that grows m it is fhort, and lit for no Uie
but Firing. Ihcy luve very large Spiders here, which
weave their Webs fo (Irong bctwjxt the Trees, that 'tis
difficult to get through them : Where we watered, thert
is a little Stream, that flows down the Hill, from a Sjirtng,
and is very good ; but, in other Parts, it is brackilh. Thii
liland .vas formerly inhabited, and h.id a Governor ; bu;
is now only frequentc«l, in the Seafon for catching I or
toifes, by the Inhabitants of the other Iflands, who jie,
for the moft part, Negroes and Mulattors, and vtr)-
poor. The Stock of wild Goats in this Ifland is almoi!
deftroycd by the People of Si. Nicolas and Si. Anior>:i
The Heats were exccflive to us, who came newly trcm
Eirope ; fo that fcveral of our Men began to be litk, ui
were blooded. Some of our Officers, that went alhore t-j
hunt, could meet no Game, but a wild Afs, which, after
a long Cliacc, they got within Shot, and wounded 1 yrt h*
afterwards held out fb as to tire them, and they rctuir^d
empty and weary. Thefc iflands arc fo well known, t.'ut
1 need not lay much of them : They arc ten in Numtx t, ci
which SI. lago. Si. Nicolas, Bonavifia, St. Anlonto, lirj-.s.
Mayo, and tutgt, are inhabitRi -, the tatter is fo named
from a Volcano. St. laru is much the largeft and Ixtl,
an»l the Scat of the chief Governor : It products a iiraii
Matter of Iiulico, Sugar, and Tobacco, which, with thi::
Goat-fluns, and others, they fcnd to Lisbon. The Caj i;J
is of tlic lame Name, and the See of a Bilhop, There is alij
a Town, called Ribera (Jrande, which is faid to conlll oi
500 Houfes, and has a good Harbour towards the \\<:t
1 he Air of this Illand is not very whollbmc, and tlip > i
uneven. Their Valleys produce fome Corn and Wnt.
1 heir Go.its are fat, and gootl Meat } and tlic >lus ir:
laiil to bring three or four Kids at a time, once n wy:
Months. SI. Nicolas is the be ft-peopled next to iV. /.;;;.
The Ifland Alayo has a great deal of Salt, natiira:y
made by the Sun, from the Sea-water which is left Ton
time to time in Pits on fliore : It is known, thty i J
many Ships with that Commodity in a Year, and iie ail.-
to furnilh fome Thouliinds, had they Vent for it. The rs
Marroquin l^catlier is made of their Goat-skins. T.'is
other inhabited Iflands afford more or Icfs of Provifm:-:;
Thty have their Name from Cape ^erd, on the .//>•.;(
Coall, from whence they lie about 160 Leagues t) t.;
Wcflward. In our PalTage towards the Coall ot /Jri/-.,
fonic new Dil'putes arofe amongft the Men •, and, j!:-:
various Coniultations, it was relolvetl, that one I'agi, « i
was a fecond Mate on Ixwrd the Ducbefs, fliould be lv:i: w
fervc on boani the Duke, from whence Mr. Ballet »a :■
remove on board xhe lyuehefs. dylim Cooke was la: 1
execute this Order 4 but Page refufed to obey it; i,;
which a Dil'piite followed, that cndeil in Blows: liowr. r,
Page was at lall brought oti board our Ship, where, 1 1: .;
durged with Mutiny, he defirctl to go to t!ir Hiad m r-i
liimfell, before he made his Defence •, whuh \x\k, •■'•
mitted, he jumped over-board, in hopes ot gettuij; i:^*
to the Ducbefs, while both the Captains wcti: ablciit; !)-!
h? was taken up, brought on board again, and jninilV,
which put an F.nd to this Diifcnlion.

II. On the I Sth of November, we anchored before ''■'
Iflanil of Grande in eleven Fathom Water. While wv i)
here, there were new Qiiarreb, and things h;id ecru"
come to a great Height on board the Dtubifs, it CajH'
Courtney had not put eight of the Ringleaders immcJuiflyl
into Irons \ which frighted the rel^, ami, in all Prokibih:', |
prevented an .Attempt to run away with the Shtp : V::

. !■■ I «

Chap. I.

Captain Woodes Rogers.

15?

did not quiu free u» J""" *'" Humours \ for, on the asth,
in the Afternoon, |wo Irijh Land-men llolc into the
Woods, thiniting to get away from us, though two fuch
Sparks ran away the a 3d from the D«i{/>, and in the
Night were fo triglitencd with Tygers, as they thought, but
rtallyby Monkeys and Baboons, that they phinged into the
Water, hollowing to the Ship, till they were fetched aboard
again.' About four next'^IHprning, the Watch on the
nuart«r-ileck fpicd a Canoe, and called her to come on
boArd i but they not anfwering, and ftriving to get away,
made our People fufpcdt they had either got our Men
that ran away, or were coming, by Agreement, to fetch
them olT the Ifland which was unlnhidjited. We imme-
diately lint tlie Pinnace and Yawlafier them ; the Pinnace,
coming up near the Canoe, fired, to flay them, but to
ro Purpole ; at ial^, they wounded one of the hiians that
rowed in the Canoe : He that owned and (leered her was
a Frier, and had a Quantity of Gokl, which he got at the
Mines, I fuppofe by his I'rade of confefling the Ignorant.
The Frier had juft run the Canoe aOiore on a little Ifland,
full of Wood, as our Boats landed i and afterwards told
us he hail fomc Gold there. A Portuguife, that woukl
not run away with the Father, becaufe he had no Gold to
hide, knew our People to be Engiijb, and called the Fa-
ther back. The Man that was wounded could not move,
and was brought by our Men, with the Father and feveral
Slaves, that rowed the brge Canoe, on board our Ship,
where ojr ^Surgeon drefleil the wounded Indian, who died
in two Flours time. I made the Father as welcome as I
could i but he was very uneafy at the Lofs of his Gold,
and the Death of his Slave \ and faid, he would fcek for
Juilicc in I'crtugal or England. The next Day, both our
Men were taken an ! put in Irons ; andthelatlDayof this
Month we left this Place, of which I (hall give the Reader
a Ihort Dc!cnption.

12. 'llic Ifland Grande is remarkably high Land, with

a fmall Cldl' and a Tip (landing up on one Side, in the

Miilule of the liighcft Ijnd, cafy to be fcen, it i.lcar. And

there is a (inall IQand to d>c Southward without it, which

riles 111 three little Hummocks : The nearcft Hummock to

the liland is the kail ; as we came in-and-out we faw it, and

it apjjears alike on both Sides. There is alfo a fingiilarly

rou.id white Kock, that lies on the Larboard Side ncarcll

to Grandt, between it and the Main at the Entrance going

in. (Jn the Starboard Side there are feveral Idands, and

the Main is much hkc lilands, till you get well in. The

belt Way, when you open the Coves that are inhabitetl on

the St.irboard tiide going in, is to get a Pilot to carry you

to the Watcring-covc within Grande -, otherwife fend in a Boat

to the trefh- water Cove, which lies round the inner wefter-

murt I'oint of the Ifland, and near a League in the PalTage

is between linail lilands, but room enough, and bold : It is

the fecond Cove under the firft high Mount, and round

behind the firil Point you foe when you are in between the

: two lilands. This is die Cove where we watered s there

; arc t'vo other Coves very good, with fome Shole-banks

bitween thciii, but no Shole-ground before we come to

; this Cove. We founded all the Paflagc in, and feldom

! found lels than ten Fathom Water, but had not Time to

know or found the reft of the Coves. The Town bears

North-caft about three L;agues diftant from this Cove.

1 lie Ifland of Grande is near about nine Leagues long, high

tLand, and fo is the Main within; Ail you fee near the

iWattr-rule is thick, covered with Wood. The Ifland

[abounds with Monkeys, and odicr wild Bcailsi has Plenty

let Rood Timber, Fire-wood, and excellent Water, with

lOranges and l-cmons, with Guavas growing wild in the

|\N oods. The Neceflaries wc got from the Town were

ium. Sugar, and Tobacco, which they fell very dear,

ho' not good to fmoke, 'tis lb very (Irong. We had alfo

fowls and I logs, but the Utter are fcarce i Beef and Mut-

^n are cheap, but no great Quantity to be had i Indian

-orn, Bananas, and Plantains, Guavas, Lemons, Oranges,

ind Pint-applts, they abound with, but have no Bread,

[txrei't ColTacIo, (the lame Sort as is eaten in our^^ In-

Ti«; which they call Faranada Pan, Bread of Wood; dicy

■avc no kind of Salading. We had fine pleafani Weather

noil ot the Time wc were here, but hot like an Oven, the

pun being tight over us. I'hc Winds wc did not much

obferve, becaufe they were little and variable, but com-
monly between the North and the Eaft. We cleared an
ordinary Pertuguefe here, called Emanuel de Santt, and
fhipped anodier, whofe Name was Emanuel Gonfalvis. I
had Newbop% Account of Brnfil on board \ and, by aS
the Iiiquiry and Obfervation I could make, found his De-
fcription of the Country, its Produft, and Animals, to be
juft, particulail/ of that Monfter called Liboya, or the
Roebuck Serpent \ whkJi I inquired after, thinking it in-
credible, nil the Portugueje Governor told me, there are
fome thirty Feet lohg, as big as a Barrel, and that de-
vour a Roebuck at once, from whence they had their Name.
I was alfu told, that one of thefc Serpents was killed near
this Place a little before our Arrival. Tygers are very
common hereon the Continent, but not fo ravenous as thole
of India. The Produft of Brafil is well knoWn to be Red-
wood, Sugars, Gold, Tobacco, Whale-oil, Snuff, and
feveral forts of Drugs. The Portuguefe build their bcft
Ships here. The Country is now become very populous,
and the People delight much in Arms, efpecially about
the Gold Mines, where thofe of all Sorts rcfort, but modly
Negroes and Mulattoes. 'Tis but four Years fince they
would be under no Government, but now they have fub-
mitted. Some Men of Repute here told me, the Mines
increafe very (aft, and that Gold is got much eafier at thofc
Mines, than in any other Country. The Brafilian Women
are very fruitful, have cafy Labour, retire 10 the Woods;
where they bring forth alone, and return after wafhing
themlelves and their Child \ the Hufbands lying a-bed the
fird twenty-tour Hours, and being treated as it they had
endured the Pains. The Tapoyars, who inhabit the inland
Country on the Wefl;, are the moft barbarous of the Na-
tives, taller and ilronger than the reft, and indeed than moft
Europeans. They wear little Sticks through their Cheeks and
Undtr-lips, arc faid to be Man-eaters, and ule poiioned
Darts and Arrows ; they change their Habitations aetoiding
totheSeafon, and hve chiefly by HuntingandFifliing. Their
Kings, and great Men, are diftinguifhed by the manner of
(having their Crowns, and their long Nails. Their Piiefb
are Sorcerers ■, make them believe, that the Devils appear
to them in Form of Infe&s } and pv:rform their diabolical
Worlhip ill the Night, when the Women make a difmal
Howling, which Is their chief Devotion : They allow Po-
lygamy, yet punilh Adultery by Death ; and when young
Women are marriageable, but courted by nobody, their
Mothers carried them to their Princes, who deflower them*
and this they reckon a great Honour. Some of thefe Peo-
ple were much civilized by the Dutch, and very ferviceable
to them, but (lill kept under Subjeftion to their own Kings.
We continued our Voyage, coalling very far to the South,
where wc endured great Cold, which alfcdled our Men ex-
tremely, inlomuch that a third Part of both Ships Com-
pnics fell fick 1 anil this induced us to bear away for the
Ifland of Juan Fernandez -, which we, however, did not
find very eafily, on account of its being laid down dif-
ferently in all the Charts ; and Captain Dumpier was like-
wife a good deal at a Lofs, tho' he had been here lb often,
and tho* he had a Map of the Ifland in his Head, that
agreed exadly with the Country when we came to fee it :
Which ought to induce Sea-officers to prefer what is properly
their Bufinefs to idle Amufcments; fince, with all this
Knowledge, wc were forced to make Main-land of Ciili
in order to find this Ifland, and did not ftrike it without
Difficulty at laft.

13. On February i. 1709. we came before that Ifland,
having had a good Obfervation the Day before, and found
our Latitude to be 34" to South. In the Afternoon, wc
hoifted out our Pinnace-, and Captain Dover, with the
Boat's Crew, went in her to go afhore, though we could
not be lefs than four Leagues off. As foon as the Pinnace
was gone, I went on board the Duch^s, who admired our
Boat attempting going afliore at that Diftancc from Land.
It was againft my Inclination \ but, to oblige Captain Do-
ver, I let her go : As foon as it was dark, we faw a Light
aihore. Our Boat was then about a League from the Ifland,
and bore away tor the Ships as foon as Ihe faw the Lights :
We put our Lights aboard for the Boat, tho* fome were of
Opinion, the Lights we faw were our Boat's Lights : But,
as Night came on, it appeared too Uigc for that : Wc fired

out

■ r

I*'

1 i

'.'■%

i^«y

1^6

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

our Qiiartcr-deck Gun, and fcvcral Mufquets, (hewing
Lights in our Miren and Kore-(hrouds, that our Boat
might find m whiift wc were in the Lcc ot tlie Ifland :
Alx)uttwo in the Morning our Boat came on board, hav-
ing txcn two I lours on boaril the Duche/s, that took them
uj> a-rtern of m -, we were glad tliey got well off, bccaufc
it began to blow. Wc were all convinced the Light was
on the Shore, and dcfigiicd to make our ShiiM ready to en-
gage, believing them to be Frtiicb Ships at Anchor, and
•we mull either fight them, or want Water. All this Stir
and Apurehenfion arofe, as we afterwards found, from one
poor nakeii Man, who palFed, in our Imagination, at pre-
lent, for a Sfartijh (iarilbn, a Body ol Frtnchnen, or a Crew
of Pirates. While we were under thcfc Apprehenfions, wc
llooii on the Backlide of the Illand, in order to fall in with
the Southerly WintI, till we were pafled the Idand •, and
then we came back to it again, and ran dole alwafil the
l^nd chat begins to make the Notth-caft .Side. We ftill
continued to nafou ui)on this Matter ; and it is in a man-
ner incrcilible, wJiat Itrangc Notions many of our People
entertained from the Sight of this I'ircupon the IHand. It
Icrv^d, howcvtr, to Ihcw Peoples Tempers and Spirits •,
ami we were able to give a tolerable (Juefs how our Men
would behave, in cafe there really were any F.nemits upon
the Kl.inJ. 'I'hc Flaws r.ime heavy oft' the Shore, and
we wtR- forced to reel our Top-fails when we optnal the
middle B.iy, where wc expedeil to have found our Kncmy -,
but taw all clear, and no Ships, nor the other Bay next the
Nortli-ealt F.iui. Thefc two Bays are all that Ships ride
in, which recruit on this Illand ; but the middle Bay is by
much the b<lL Wc gueflld there hail been Ships there,
but that they were gone on Siglit of us. We ftnt our Yawl
afliorc about Noon, with Captain Dr^er, Mr. Fry, and fix
Men, all armed : Mean while we and the Duthtjs kept
turning to get in, and fuch heavy Maws came oif the I and,
that wc were forced to let go our Top fail Sheet, keeping
all 1 1.mds to ftand by our Sails, for Icar of the Winds car-
rying them away : But when the Flaws were gone, we hail
litde or no Wind. Thcfe Fl.iws proceedetl from thcl.and,
^^ liich ii very high in the Midlife of the Ifiand. Our Boat
did not return ; wc lent our Pinnace with the Men armed,
to fee what w.is the Occafion ot the Yawl's St.iy ; for wc
were afraid, that the S/wmorJj, had a Garifon tin re, and
might have fci/.cd them. We put cut a Signal tor our
Boat, and the Duchffi Ihewcd a Frtnth Fnlign. Imnuxli
arely our Pinn.trt- returned from the Shore, and brought
aljundancc of Cray-tifli. witii a Man tloathetl in Goat-
ikins, who look.-il wiktcr than the hrfl Owners of them,
lie had been on the Illand four Years and tour Monihs,
btint; kft there by Captain StraUling in tlir Cinque p:,rts ;
his Name was AU^m.der Selkirk, a S.cifman, w.'io had
bren Mailer of tiic Gnquepcris, a Ship that came here lalt
with Captain Damfirr, who told me, that this was the Ix'll
Man in her. I immediately agrntl with him to be a Mate
on 1 oard cur Ship : 'Twas he that made the Fire lall Night
when !ie law cur Ships, which he judf^cd to Ik- En^ltjlj.
During his Stay here, he fiw f-.veral Ships pafs by, but'only
two came in to Anchor : As he went to view them, he found
them to lie Spaniards, .iiid retired from them ; upon which
they lliot at him : Fiail they been French, he would have
lubmitted ; but rholc to rili^ue his dying alone on the Illami,
lather than fall into the Hands of StcmarJi in thcfc Pan^ '
bocaule he apprehended they would murder him, or make
a Slave of him m the Mines; for he feared they would
fpare no Stranger that might lie capable of ditcovcring the
South SciJ. The Spaniards had landed, before he knew
what they w( re -, and they came fo near him, th :t he had
much ado to efcape -, for they not only (liot at him, but
purfucd him to the Woods, where he dimbcd to the lop
of a 1 rce, at the Foot of which tli. y made Water, and
killed fcvcral Goats juft by, but won of!" again without dif-
covcnng him. He told us, thithc was Ixjrn at iMrf^o, m
tlic County of /•//>, in ScotUind, and was bred a Sailor from
Ins Youth. 1 he Kealon of his being left here, was a Dit-
fertnce between him and his Captain ; whiJi, together
with the Shipsoeing leaky, mule him willinj^ rather to
■• h-n-, than go along with him at firfl ; aiul, wh-.n he

flav

was ut lad willmf^ to go, the Capuin would not receive liim.
Mc had ken at the liland Uloie to wood and water, whai

two of the .Ship's Company were left upon it lor fix Monthi,
till the Ship returned, being chaiiKi thence by two Und
South Sea Ships. He hail with him hit Ckiaths and Rrj.
ding, with a Firelock, fomc PowtWr, Bullets, and Tobacco,
a Hatchet, a Knife, a Kettle, a Bible, fome praflical W^l
and his mathematical Inftrumcnts and Bixiks. He divfrttd
and |irovided for himfelf as well as he could \ but, for the
firll eight Months, had much ado to bear up againft Melju.
choly, and the Terror of being left alone in fuch a defohtj
Place, He built two Huts with Pimento-trees, covcrti!
them with long Grafs, and lined them with the Skimot
Goats, which he killed with hi J Gun as he wanteii, fo Icn^
as his Powder lafled, which was but a Pound •, and ihji
being almofl fjKnt, he got Fire by rtil)bing two Sticks m
Pimento Wooil together upon his Knee. In the Ififr
Hut, at fome Dilhnre from the other, hedrcflcd his\ir.
tuals \ .ami in the lai^ger he flejit, and employal himli^lt n
reading, finging Pfalms, and praying i fo that he laii', i,
vras a better Chrifiian, while in this Solitude, than tvrr V
was before, or than, he was afraid, he Ihould ever ly ,ir>ai^
At firft he never cat any thing till Hunger conllraincd llin,
partly for Grief, and partly for want of Bread and Sat
Nor did he go to Bed, till he could watch ro longi r , i ,f
Pimento Wooil, which burnt very clear, fcrved luni W\
for Fire and Candle, and refrelhal him with its trai'rir,;
Smell. He might have had l-ifli enough, but would iK.t a
them for want of Salt, bccaufe they occafioncd a locfc-
nefs, except Cray-fifli, which areas large as our I. oWlir-,
and very gooil : Thefe he fometimes boiled, and it (Iy-
times broiled, as he did his Goats Flefh, of which lie mj'c
very gocxi Broth, for they are net lb rank k, ours; \\,
kq)t an Account of 500 that he killed while there, i,i
caught as many more, which he marked on the Far, a-j
let go. When hu Powder faifcd, he took them by Spcnj
of I'eet J for his way of Living, co.itinual Pxcrriic a
Walking and Running, cleared him of all grofs Humou-?,
fo that he ran with wondeiful Swiftncfs thro* the Woxit,
and up the Rocks and Hills, as we iicrceived when »;
employed him to catch Goats for us ; We had a Buli Jo;,
which wc lent, with fcvcral of our nimbicll Runiicr!, «
help him in catching Goats ; Ixjt he diitanccd and t.-.-i
b(jth the Dog ami the Men, caught the Goats, and brou^::
them to us on nis Back. He told us, that his Agility 1
purluiiig a Goat had once like to have coft him his I J:,-,
he purlucxl it wiili lb much F.Tgerncfs, that he cat( h.c! \.u
of It on the Brink of a Precipice, of which he wij m
.iwarc , the Bulhes hiding it fiom him -, lb that he ullwiii
the Cioat down the Preciiiicc, a great H ight, and vti\
IhiiiiKQ and bruiled with the I'all, that he narrowly elcw
with his Life ; ai;d, wheu he came to hi, Scnfes, focnhy
Goat dead under him: He l.iy there abf .r t.vcnty-iT
Hours, and was fc.irce able to crawl to his I "it, wlri
was aljout a Mile difUnt, or to ftir abroad .i^ n ;n ti«
Days. He c.ime at lall to reiilh his Meat \\ ' .uo
without .Salt or Bread -, and, in the Seafon, lud I'Urt i |
gCKxl Turnips, which hail been lowed there by tip:»a
Diimp:er\ Mm, and have i».w ovrrlpread liiir.e Aa.-a 1
(irounJ. 1 le iiad enoiip,h of ^ood Cabbage lro;M 'In (.
bagetre ', a.id Italbncd his Meat witn the Fruit >\
Pimento-trees, winch is the fame as Jamaica IVpp r, d |
fmrllsdrli'Kuiily ; He found alio a black P< p[ er, d-l
Mala-, '1. which was very good to cxjhI Wiml, and ag-..t
G ■; ]■■; .M the (iuts. I le foon wore out all his Mi(;«d I
Cio.iths by runri;,(5 in the Wcwls •, and, .it tail, h^\
forceii to Ihitt without t.'iem, his Fe<t Lcc-ame I'o hard, iSi
he ran cv, lywher.- \wthoi:: i^iiticulty -, and itwasiiSKJ
time k-lore he could wc..: Shoes after wc found liiin ,
not Uing ul'ed to any to long, his Feer fv/rlled, wh;:n ':;'
lame tird to wear them again. After he had coi.qutt:
his .Melar.choly, he diverted himfelf fometimes witlu;-
ting his Name on the 'J'recs, and the lime of liisKr^l
letr, and Conii;niancc tliere. He was at firll much pti'.
with Cats ai.(i Rats, th.-it had bred in great Numbers ;. ' |
fome ot c.ich Species, which liad got aJhoie from .Shq-
put in there to wood and water : The Rats giiawi
1-eet .uv.i Cloaths whilll alleep, which obliged him to i!.
the Cits with his (io.its Mrlh, by which many ot them*!
came fo tame, tiiat they would he about him in Htindrr:i. j
and loon delivered him from the Hats : He likcwilL ri:;:'^!

fi„ i^'

'fV

Chap. I.

Captain Woodes Rogers.

fomc Kids V anJ* ^o divert himfclf, would, now-anJ-thcn,
fing anJ dance with thejn, ami liis Cats : So that, by iho
Favour of I'rovidence, and Vigour of his Youth, being now
but thirty Years old, he came, at lad, to conquer all the
Inconvcnicncics of his Solitude, and to be very eafy. When
his Cloiiths wire out, he made himfelt' a Coat and a Cap of
Goit-ftins, which he ftitched together, witl» litdc Thongs
of the fanic, that he cut with his Knife. I le had no other
Needle, but a Nail \ and, when his Knife was worn to the
Back, he nude others, as well as he could, of ibmc Iron
Hoops, tlut were left aJhore, which he beat thin, and ground
upon Stones. Having fomc Linen-cloth by him, he fewed
him lomc SJjirts with a Nail, and Ititched them with the
WorlUd of his old Stockings, which he pulled out on pur-
pofc. I le liail ^''s laft Slurt on, when we found him in the
Ifland. At his firft coming on board us, he liad Co much
forgot his I^nguage» for want of Ufe, that wc could fcarce
underftand him ; for he feemed to fpeak his Words by
halves. Wf offered him a Dram ; but he would not touch
it, having drank nothing but Water fince his being there \
and It was fome time before he could relilh our Viftuals.
He could give us an Account of no other Produft of the
Ifland, than what we have mentioned, except fome black
Vlums, which are very good, but hard to come at, the
Trees, which bear them, growing on higli Mountains and
Rocks. Pimento-trees are plenty here, and we faw fome
of fixty I'eet high, and about two Yards thick j and Cot-
ton trees higher, and near four Fathom round in the Stock.
The Climate is fo good, that the Trees and Grafs are ver-
dant all the Year round. The Winter lads no longer than
"Junt and July, and is not then feverc, there being only a
fniall Kroft, and a little Hail ; but fometimcs great Rains.
The Heat of the Summer is equally moderate ; and there
is not much Thunder, or tempeftuous Weather of any fort.
He faw no venomous or favage Creature on the Ifland, nor
any other fort of Beads, but Goats, the firil; of which had
been put alhore here, on purpofe for a Brectl, by Juan Fer-
nandez i Spaniard, who fettled there, with fome Families, till
the Continent of Chili began to fubmit to the Spaniards \
which, being more protiuble, tempted them to quit this
Illand, capable, however, of maintaining a good Number
of People, and being made fo ftrong, that they could not
be eafily diQodged trom thence. February 3. we got our
Smith's Forge on (hore, fet our Coopers to work, and
made a little Tent for me to have the Benefit of the Air.
The DucbeJ's had alfo a Tent for their fick Men •, fo that
we hiui a Imall Town of our own here •, and every-body
employed, a few Men fupplied us all with Filh of feveral
lorts, all very good, in luch abundance, that, in a few
Hours, we could take as many, as would fcrve 200. There
Wire Sea-fuwls in the Bay, as lar(je as ( iftl- ; but eat fifliy.
The Governor never failed of proem ing us two or three
Goats a Day for our fick Men j by which, with the Help
of the ( jrccns, and the whollome Air, they recovered very
foon of tilt Scurvy -, fo tliat Captain Dover and I both thought
it a very agreeable Seat, the Weather being neither too
hot, nor too cold. We fjient our Time, till the loth, in
refitting our Shins, taking Wood on board, and laying in
Water, tli.it which we brought from England and Si. yin-
cent, Ling fixjiled by the B.ulncls of thj Cafks. We like-
wile Uiilcil up about eighty Gallons of Sea-lions Oil, as we
might have done fcvcral I'ons, had we been provided with
VeiVels. Wc- refined it for our l,am|^s, ami to lave Candles.
The Sailoi-s Ibmetiines ufe it to fry their Meat, for want of
Biitt:.T, and find it agreeable enough. The Men, who
workid on our Rigging, eat young Seels, which they pre-
ferred to our Ship's Victuals, and faid, it wa.> as good as
ilxgh/b Lamb, though I Ihould have been glad of futh an
Exclunge. We made what I lalle we covi'd to get all tlie
N'Ccfl'arics on board, being willing to lofe no Time-, lor
wc wrre infomicd at the Canaries, that five ftout French

t^hips were coming together to tlull Seas.

14. The IflancTof Juan Fernandez lies in the Latitude of
^i" 49' South, Longitude from St. Mary's 5' jH, meri-
di.in Dirtance from the fame 4" 4^ Well, the Variation 01"
thcCompals here 6" Fall. Tliis Ifland is high ragged Land,
in Lengtii about fix Leagues, and about three m Breadth.
1 know of nothing about it that may endanger a Ship, but
what may be fecn. Wt anchored in the great Bay, our bell

Numb, II.

Bower in forty Fathom Water, and then carried the 'Stream-
anchor in with the Shore, which we let go in about thirty
Fathom Water, mooring on and off about a Mile from the
Bottom of the Bay, where wc found plenty of Filh of fe-
veral forts, as Silver-fifli, Snappers, Itonetoes, and a very
large Cray-lilh. The Wind here commonly blows off the
Shore, Ibmetimet very hard Squalls, elfe generally calm \
and the Water we rocie in very fmooth, by reafon of the
Winding of the Shore. The Man we found here, men-
tioned at our coming to this Ifland, told me,' it had never
blown in above four Hours all die time he was there. The
Situation of the Ifland is North-weft and South-eaft, and re-
ceives its Name from its firft Diftoverer John Fernandez a
Spaniard. It is all Hills ami Valleys, and, I queftion not,
would proiiuce moft Plants, if manured -, for the Soil, in
moll Places, promifes well \ and there are fomcTurneps, and
other Roots, which, I fuppofe, were formerly fowed ; and
there is great plenty of Wood and Water, as alfo of wild
Goats, which we daily took with Dogs or elfe ftiot them.
In every Bay, there are fuch Multitudes of great Sea-lions,
and Seels of feveral forts, all with excellent Furs, that wt:
coulil Icarcely walk along the Shore for them, as they lav
about in Flocks, like Sheep, the Young-ones bleating like
Lambs. Some of the Sea-lions are as big as our Englifo
Oxen, and roar like Lions. They cut near a Foot in Fat,
having fliort Hair, of a lii^t Colour, which is Hill lighter
in the yoimg ones. I fupjwfe they feed on Grafs and Fifti •,
for they come aftiore by the Help of their two Fore-feet,
and draw their Hinder-part after them, and lie in great
Numbers in the Suh. Thcfe we kill chiefly to make Oil,
which is very good \ but it is an hard Matter to kill them.
Both the Seels and Lions are fo thick on the Shore, that
we were forced to drive them away, before we could land,
being fo nimierous, that it is fcarce credible to thofc, who
have not feen them ; and they make a moft prodigious
Noife. Bcfides, we met with fuch plenty of Fifh, as Pol-
loi-, Cavallos, Hakes, Olil-wives, and large Cray-fifh, as
g(x)d as our I.obfters, i^c. that, in four Hours, two Men
in a Bout ne.ir the Shore, in tivi- or fix F'athom Water,
nii};ht take enough to ferve 2110 Men. There are but few
Birils: One fort burrows in the Earth, like Rabbets, which
the Spaniards call Pardelas, and fay, they arc good to eat.
One of them flew into the Fire at our fick Mens Tent. And
here are alfo Humming-birds, ulx)ut as big as Beesi their
Bill about the Bignefs of a Pin -, their Legs proportionable
to the Body ; the Feathers mighty fmall, but ot moft beau-
tiful Colours. They are fcldom taken, or feen, but in the
Evening, when they fly about, and fometimcs, when dark,
into the Fire. I hail almoft forgot the wild Cats here,
which are of feveral Colours i but, being of the European
kind, no more nerd be laid of them. I believe there is no
venomous Creature on the Illand. This Ifland produces a
fort of Cabbage-tree, which is in the nature of a Palm ;
the Cabbage fmall, but very fweet. T he Tree is flender
and ftrait, with Knots alxiut fourteen Inches above one an-
other, and no Ix^vcs, except at the Top. The Branches
arc about twelve Feet in l.ength ; and, about a Foot anil
an half from the Boily of the Tree, fhoot out Leaves, which
are four Feet lonp, and an Inch broad, (^rowing lb regularly,
that the whole Branch looks like one intire Leaf, T",';e
Cabbage, when cut out from the Bottom of the Brandies,
is aliout a Foot long, and very white ; and, at the Bottom
of it, grow Clullers of Berries, five or fix Pounds Weight,
like Bunches of Grapes, as red as Cherries, bigger th.an (uir
black Cherrk's, with a large Stone in the Middle, and taitc
almoft like our Haws, ihe Trunk of the Tree is cigiity
or ninety Feet long, be in}.' always cut down to got the Cib-
b.ige. We found lure Ibnic Guiney Pepper, and Silk Cot-
ton-trees, witii feveral other forts of Pl.ints, wiiofe Names
I am not .uquainted with. Pimento is the lieft Tiiiiber,
and moft plentiful, on this Side the Illand ; but very apt
to fplit, till a little dried. We cut the longeft ;uid cleanell
to fplit for I'ire-wooil. Tiic Cabbage-trees abound about
three Miles in the Wooils, and the Cabb.i[ic very pood.
Moft of them arc on the Tops of the neareft Mountains.
In the firft Plain, we found ftorc of Turnep-greens, and
Waier-creflVs in the Brooks, which mightily refieflied our
Men, and cleanled them liom the Scurvy. The Tumeps,
Mr. Selkirk fays, are good in our Sunitncr Months, which
,: S 19

■■'fii:

iwll

198

The VOYAGES of

Bookl.

i m

'; '\^h

fl, ,.,^

U Winter hcrr \ hut, tliis being Autumn, they were atl
run to Seed : So tlut wc co»ild not liavi- the Beneht ot any
thing, but the Circcns. Tlie Soil ii a loolc bUk fcjrth,
the Rocks very roitfn •, fo that, without grcAt (-'are. it i»
dangcrou* to climb the Hills lor Cabbage*. Belidts, there
arc abunilancc ot Holes dug ia (evcral I'Uces by a Ibrt ot
Kowls, like I'utfini, which fall in at once, and endanger
the wrenching or breaking of a Man's l^g. Mr. Stlkirk
told me, he hail fccn Snow and Ice here in July j but the
Spring, whu h is m Septembtr, Oilohcr, antl Nea-mber, u
very iilealant, when there wai abundance of (',<xxl Herbs,
as Parlley, Purllain, Sithcs in great plenty, Ixlidrs an Herb
Jound by the Water-liile, which i>rovci1 very ufi tul to our
Surgeom for Fomentations. It is not much unlike Fever-
few, of a very gratetul SiikII, like Rilni i but of a llronger
and more cordial Scent. It is in gre.it plenty mar the
Shore. Wc gathered many large Bundles of it, drietl
them in the Sh idc, and lent tlicm on Ixwrd, belides great
(Quantities that we ciiried in every Morning to ftrcw the
Tints; which tended much to the fpcciiy Recovery of our
fiik Men, of whom none died, but two Ix-longing to the
Duchffs; viz. EdvardiyHtU an 1 Chrijlopher H'illirtms.

15. ()n Ftlru4in 1 ^ wt held a Confult.ition, in which
we nude liverul R gulations for prelervmg Secrecy, Difii-
pliiic, and llrift Honelly, on Kard txitli Velfeis; ind, on
the I ;th, we fettled «noditT Matt, r of as great Import-
ance, which was, tiut two Men trom on lx).ird the Duie
(huvid lie put on Iward the DHchefs., and two Men trom on
biwrd ti'.e Duihifi on board the Ditk^, in order to Ice, tli.it
JuIIhj: W.-4 r.ciiMocaliy done by each Ship's Company to
tile otiicr. t)n t.hc 2^th, w^- hoilleil both i'lmiaces into the
W.ittr, to try th;m under Sail, with a Gun tixed in fach f<f
them, and whatever elfc was reqiiifite to render them very
ierviecabl;.- fnall I'rivatecrs. We loiind the Nights very
told, and the U.iy> not near in warm as niisi'it liave been
CX[K-C'ted in that L.mtoilc, wlicre there never falls any Ram,
but loch I)cws in the Night, as are ei^iiivulent to it, tho'
the Air is, generally fixaking, ferenc. On .May 15. in the
f'.vininp, we faw a Sail : Our Contort, bei.ng nearell, foon
tfKik her. She was a little VclTel, ot' fixteen Ton, from
i'ayta, Ixjunil to Clcnpe for Hour, with a fmail Sun of
Money to purchal'e it 1 tlv- Mailer's Nami- pimento HeUagos,
a \Ujiizo, or one Ix gotten Ixtwecn an Indian and a Spnni-
ard ; his Crew cii'Jit Men, one of them a Spaniard, one a
Negro, and the rill Indians. VVt- afltid them tor Newsi
Oiid thi y alTuretl us, tlut all the French Ships, Ix-ing ieven
lii Number, failed out of tlicle S(.ts lix Months ago; and
th.it no more were to return : Adding, th.it ihe Spaniards
hail Ivith an Avtrfion M tlicm, that, at (laliac, the Sti-
jxirt tor Lima, they killed fo m.iny of the trench, aixl qiiar-
r.lled lo tiequcntly with them, that none were luffered to
tome alhorc there tor fume time betore they failed from
t:u-ncc. .Mter wc liail put Men aboard the I'rize, he haled
orfcloll- on a Wind tor Lobes, hiving Ihot within it ; and,
luid wc not ly er. better intormeil by the Cn w 01 the I'ri/..",
might have endangered our Ships, by running in f.irthir,
liLtaufe tlicre are Shoies Ix-twceii thi- Illand and the Main.
There is a Fatlagf for Boats to Windward to romc into the
Road, vthuh <.s 10 the l.eew.mlof thele Illands, in a. Sound
between th.,... h IS not h.iif a Mile broai) ; but above a
Mile deep ; has trom ten to twelve F.idiom W ater, and
good Anchor-^r jund. There is no loming in for Ships
bur to Lccwartl oi the Iflands. We went in with a Imail
Wiather-fide, though I never [xrteived it to flow alx)ve
three Feet whilll wc lay here. TIk: Wind commonly
blows .Southerly, veering a little to the Faftward. On the
iulhrmoll liland, 'whicli was on our l^rlxiard Side as we
lay at Aiulw^r in the .Sound} there is a round HummiKk,
and liehind it a Iniall Cove, very fmooth, dn p, and conve-
nient enwigh lor a. Ship to caret 11 m. There we halt i! up, and
fitted our htdc Iiigatc-. The higlull I'art ot the Illand
apjx-ars, in the Roaii, not mucli higher than a large Ship's
'J op-mall-head. 1 he Soil is an hungry, white, clayilh
1 arth, mixed witli Sand and Rrx-ks. 1 lure is no frelh
\\ .iter, or green Thing, on the Klamls. 1 lere is .ibundancr
ot \'ulturs alias Carrion-crows, which looked li> like Tur-
keys, ilut one oi our Otficcrs, at landing, bUfll-d (imifelf
at the Sight, and hoped to tare delkiouny lure. I U- was
loiagtr, tlut he would not Hay till die Boat could put him

alhorc ; Init le ipe d into the W.itcr with hit Gun, «nd, get.
ing ntar enough to a Paral, let fly at them : But, when he
came to ukc up his (Jame, it ftimk infiiftrrably, and mide
u» merry at his MilUke. The other Birds here anr. Pen.
guins, Pelic.ini, Boobies, Gulls, and a fi>rt of FowN like j
Tral, that neftle in Holes on the I. ami. Our Mm got
Loatis of them, which tlify IVinncd, and praifetl them for
very gooil Meat, We fbiinil abundance of Bulnidies, md
empty Jan, that the Spanijh Filhermen had left afliofT. All
over this Coall they ule Jars inftcad of Cafks for Oil, Wine
and all other forts of l.itjuids. Here is abundance of Serl.'
and fomc .Sta-lions. The Srels arc much larger than at Jvitlt
FernoMtUz; but the 1-ur not fo fine. Our People killed
tcycral, with a Delign to eat their l.ivcrs ; but one of <n;r
Crew, a Spaniard, dying liirMrnly after eating them, I for
bad tlK- Uli: ot them. CXir Frifoners told us, they ainnintal
thcic old Sccls very unwholfome. The Wirnl, always blow-
ing trclli over the Land, bn^ught an ugly noifoinc Suk 'i
alxurd h-om the Seels alliore ; which gi'vr inc a violint
1 Icad-ach ; and every Ixxly elfe complained of this naufun,.
Smell. We found nothing fi> oftenlivc at yuan FermviJrz.
Our I'rilbners told us, they ex|x-c>ed the Wklow ot thr
Lite Viceroy ot Peru would fhortly eniKirquf fiir ArapHHo,
with 111 r Family .m<.\ Riches, and ilofi at Payta to riti. Ih, or
tiiil near in Sight, as culfomary, in one of the King's Shi|<j
of thirty-fix (iuns ; and that, about cicht Months ;icn,
there was a Ship, with 2on,ofxi Pieces of Right alxurd, thr
reff of her Cargo l.iquois and Flour, which li.ul jiart;*
Fayta for .IcapuUe. Our I'rilbners added, that they kit
Scignor Mcrtl in a f^out Ship, with dry (roods, for l.im:
recruiting at /'.»v/<j, where he exjx"ded in a tew Wmt
French built Ship Ix longing to the ■'Spaniards to conic from
Pannma richly latien, with a Ililhop aboard. /V/j w i
common rt muting Place to thofe, w ho go to ct from limn,
or nx)tl Parts to WindwanI, in their Trade to Panama, or
any Part of the Co.ift of Mexico. IJjion this Advice, we
agreed to fpend as much Time as pofTible cruifing olToi
Payta, witnmit diliovcring ourfelves, for fear ot hindering
our other Deligns.

1 6. On .Ipril I. we took a Galleon, by which I mean
no more than a Ship built in th.it manner, commaniled by
two Brothers, whole Names were Jofrpb and 'Jahn Mat!,
She was of rlie Burden of i;oo Ton, lailen with dry Goo'i
and Negroes. The next Day wc took another Prize ; an, !,
on the 7th, Mr. I'anl/rui^b w.is irmovcd from thcCounc:!.
But lure <Hir Authors diH"ir: Captain Rogers lays thr
Capt.iin Dever accuRd him of great Infolencc to him ; Ini;
Captain (.t>«lte fays, th it it was C'ajit.iin Rogers himfih thr
atcuftd him, for offeting to vote witii him, right or wm-g,
upon all 0.raliuns. It was a grrat Pity thct'c Difputts haii-
pined at tliat time, when ail things were preparinj; Ij.-
.•\iti<in, and a Reliihition taken to attatk the Town of (>"i(;j-
y«;/, however provided ; in order to which, it was ilirc-
mined to lend the Duie and thr lieginnirsg to Payla, t .?
fitter to go in and take a \'iew of the Harbour, to l'.-; ;:
there were any Sliips in if, and .ittcrw.irds to tniifc tt:-h
thii* ■ .Men, in ho|)es of falling in with the aforel'iid Bi-
lh< ip. 'This was a Si albn of great Conlultation, whidi wss
I'lOn fiRccei'etl by .Action. And here I chute to follow h)th
Author;, in onier to avoid th.it .Air of P.irtiality and \'ar.;r>,
which appears in one of them, the Worlil defiring to krow
only F.ii'is, ;unl nor bring at all edilial with the Dil'piiv.-i
amonglf two or three Captains for Command, tho' it ''ai
not a|ijH\ir, that Captain (Murtney was ever affeu'teii wth
this fxT ot lolly. On .Ipril 1 1. there was a gr.ml Cu':;.-
cil hehl on Ixurd the Duke, wherein all things were f'.:l!y
confidered, the Cimquefl ot duiaquil ret'olvcd on, .ini 1
I'aptr, in thr Nature of Inrtnii'^ions from the Coniniittrc
to tlie Cimimanitcr. in chief, w.is ]irrparrd ; which, !ii)«-
( vi r formal it inij^ht frem, was uiuloubtcdly a very ni^';
Methoil, and krpi, as well a,s taught, every Man in he. Pik}

17. On /Ipnt 12. it was relblvcii in a Committee, "'"■
to li nd the Bef^inning Prize into Payta, as had lx:i n a^r'.J
on, tor fear ot being dif overed •, but to attempt the In* ■
ot Cuia'ittt!, the T nti rprize to be tondufled by the thr:
Capt.iins Dozer, Roj^ers, and Courtney \ the lirtl to com
mand a Company ot Marines of fcventy Men ; the li-coiJ
a CfrfniMiiy ol OlRecrs and Sailors of fcvcnty-one Men ; flit
third lu( li another C ompany ol Icventy-thrcc Men 1 Capt.i::i

Dumtir,

h", wc faw .1 Sail

# \\Vi

Qiiytain VV o o d e s Rogers.

Chap. I.

Da»1»*ry *"'' '•"^ ArtilliTy, and, for a Rcfcrvc, upon Oc-
cilion, twenty-two Men : In all, 2,j8. Li^m hJwtrd
CiDke to commami the Dmbtfu with Forty two Men t

Cai){.iw l<^"^' ^^y^ '''^" '^''*'' *"'' ^"'■'y ^*'" ^ iotal,
120 Men : I he Blanks, InJitms, and Frifoncrs were about
ibOmorr. On the i3lli, wc haled in for Caft Blanco,
that is '^'Wrt Caff v *"il "' Noon it bore Fjft Soiith-eaft,
dilUnt' tdi Leagues: A Committee being held, it was
agroetl, tor the Kntoura{',emc(it ot OHxers and Men, that
all Beiiiling ami Cloaths, CJoiJ Rings Buttons and Buckles,
Liqiiurs and I'loviiions, lur their own txpence and Ul'c,
with ill Sorts of Arms, except gnat (iuni for Sliips,
fliouiii be alloweil as Plunder, to U- equally divided to
every M.iri aboard, or alhore, according to his whole
.Siiaii.? ; th.it all wrought C»<>ld or Silver, Cnicirtxti,
Uatthis, fnund about the Frifoners, or wearing .\pparol
of any Kind, Ihould alio be Plunder, excej* Money,
VVoinens Ear-rings, loolc Diamonds, Fcarls, and l*reci«us
Stonts 1 anil, in cali' any tlung was not fulficiently cx-
uliiiKil ill this Order, a Committee Ihould, alter the F.x-
iKiliiioii, nv ct again, upon Application made to them •,
an.! li. tirnune wh.it further ought to be reputed Plunder,
withiHit fraud to the t)wners, or l^rcjudicf to the Otliiirs
aiiii Men : I'hat no Ferlons lliotiy milintcrprct tin. Al-
low.uiie, fo ai to Uciure or conceal cither wrought or un-
wroiight (fuld or Silver, Fcarls, Jewels, Diamonds, or
I'rccio.is Stonts, v.nt tound about Priloncrs, or their
wearing App.irtl, which lh<nild be looketl upon as a high
Mili.UiiKaii()iir, aiul leveirly puniflied : That non;- (houiil
kap any I'luiuler, hut deliver it to his Officer puhlk ly,
and i.irry it to the I'lace appointed to depofit it : That in
till- any 1 own. Fort, <jr Ship, were taken by Storm, the
Fnroijiai»cmt-iit agreed on at the I'land of St. Vincent
nuiitionc I, Ihould be allowed to each Man, over-aiul-above
the (ji-ituity jiromifcd by the Owners to thole that lignalized
t!ifmlilvrs : But il any P.vty Ihould be engaged with .m-
other ot the lineiny, and defeat thcni, tlicn all the Pri-
loiiiTs, and the Arms and MovraliUs about them, (hould
be dividtd among them oidy who wire in AtUon : All the
j'luncir tikui alhore, to be taken alK)ard by Ferfons ai>-
poiiitcd uir t!at Purpofc, and entered in public Books, lor
the Sa:is!action ol ail concerned. Thole who fliould commit
any iJilbrJtr alhore, dilijix'y Command, quit their Foil,
liikouragc the Men, behave themt'elvcs cowardly in any
Ai'ticii, burn or dcltroy any thing without Orders, or ile-
l.autli PnloniTS, to lol'e all their Shares of the Plunder, and
be icvort ly punilhcd othrrwile. On the 1 5th in the Morn-
ing;, we faw .1 Sail near the Shore; and, having little Wind,
the Diik('% Boat, commanded by Capt. /-'rv, and the Dui/j^fi's,
by L'aj.'t. Couke, rowed iliredtly liur her, going off in fuch
1 Lull. , that neithtr ot us had the Swivel Ciuns we ufeil to carry
in die Boats, nor our lull Complement of Men, only ten
-MuUjutts, tour Piftols, and not much Powder and Shot,
nur any V\ ater ; and rowed very hard to come with the
Ship tor the Space ot fix i .eagucs : "J"he Duke\ Boat coming
tirli mar her, the put out Spanijb Colours, fireel a (iun at
them, .iiid hoillcd a Spanijh Flag at the Main-rop-maft-
had : 1 he Diiki's Boat then lay-by fur us to come up •, we
law flu- was I-'roicb built, and, by the Account the Prifoners
li.ul jv.ven us Wore, concluded it mull be the Ship we
had ken lb long cniiling for, which was to carry the
bifliop. Our Ships bung almoll out of Sight, ami the
Spumarlf lij near the Coaft, and making the bell: of her
Way to run alhore in a Cindy Bay, we reli)lved to lay her
aboaril in each Bow, and accordingly niaile the Uft of our
Way, I being then on her Weather Quarter, and Caj>tain
h'ly on her Lee : Wc deligned to have told them we were
I'riciuls, till got out t)f the Way of their Stern-thace ; but
the i)uke\ Men, thinking the Spaniards h;ul been going to
give us a Volh-y, poureil in their Shot among them, then
laid in our Oan, and fell to it : The Difputc was hot for a
long time, wc keeping a conrtant Fire, and the Enemy
aiilwcrmg ; who killed two of Captain Fr/i Men, and
woundeil one of his, and two ot mine. One of the dead
Men was Cai)tain John Rogers, ourli-cond Lieutenant, and
Brother to Captain Rogers, who behaved himlelt very well
during the Atlion. The Duke\ Boat, finding the Flnter-
pri/e too difticuir, bore away ; and lome time alter we did
tlic like. Captain /i;v, having put Ibme of hig Men

aboard ui, given us fome Powder and Shot, and taken in
our wounded Men, IUkxI away for the Ships, whilft I
made again to the Ship, rclblving to keep her from the
Shore, and, rather than fail, to clap her aboard •, the Spei-
niarJj, perceiving what we ilefignetl, etiged off to Sea,
and wc alter them. Our Ships came up apace, and wc
kept clofe to the Spaniard, li)mctimes firing at him. The
Duchefs, lieing come u|i, fired a Shot or two at him ; and
then he Uruck, and we clapt him aboard. The Men
begged for gooil Qtinrter, and wc promifcd them all Ci-
vility imaginable. This Ship came from Panama, and
was boumi for Lima, to be fitted out for a Man of War,
the Captain having his CommilFion accordingly. There
were leventy Blacks, and many Paflcngers, with a con-
fidcrable (j^iantity of I'earls aboard i the Luling, Bale-
goods, and Ibmething lielonging to the Uilhop j hut they
had let him on Shore, with fevtml F.ifTeiigers, where they
touched lall. The \'( fill was about 270 Ton Burden,
commanded by Don Jofepb .hizabala, wlio told us, the
Bilhop had l)ecn landed at Point St. Helena, and gone by
Land to Cutaqiiil. We fouml leveral (Juns in the Hold,
tor the Ship would carry twenty-four, but had only fix
mounted. M.iny of the Fallengers wcr.- confidcrable Mer-
chants at /./«;<;, and the hrifkell Spaniards I ever law.
When the l'r,-ncb had this Vcflel, ftic was called la Ltine
d'Vr, the Golden Moon. Captain Cooke (whofe Account
wc toll(jw; remained aboard her, finding the Captain and
Piilbi'.e;T> to ourSlnps.

i.S. On the 2 I It in the Morning, the Beginning wm
fcnt a-head towards Point ylren:i, on the Ifland of Ptina,
tor fear ot any I )ang< r i but flic found there only an empty
N'effel riding e loll- uiuler the Point : She proved to be a
ncv/SpaniJb iiark, th.it luul been fent to lo.id SiV. \ but the
Men, having Sight of us, thought proper to ab.-'ndon her :
All Apprehenlions wer.- now tutally removed, and, at five
in the /Vt'ternoon, the Tranfpcrts roWed for the Town of
Cuiaqiiil, and at eKven faw a Light in the Town \ where^
iijxjii we rowed as v.ify as coulil be, for fear of Difcovery,
till within a Mile of it ; then heard a Centinel call to an-
other, talk Ibme time, an I bid him bring Fire. Perceiv-
ing we were dilovereJ, we rowed over to the other Side,
ag.iinll the Town, faw a Fire made where the Centinels
talked, and, foon after, many Lights all over the Town i
and, at the W^atiT-fide, heard them ring the Alarm-bell,
fire feveral Volleys, and light a Fire on the Mill where the
B.'acon was kept, to give chc Town Notice, that we were
come up the River. Hereupon the Boats came to a
(irapjiling, and fuchan hot Difputearofc among fome of our
chiet Oiricers, that they were he.ird afhore •, but the Spa-
niards, not undertfanding wh.it tliey laid, fetched an Lnglijh-
mim, and comluitcd him along the Shore, to mteqiret
wli.it they heard. Howcwr, before he came, the Difpute
was over. This Account we had trim that very f/rif/j^-
man, who afterw.irds i ame over to us, and proceetied in the
Voyage. A Council was held in the Stern of one of the
Boats, to refolve, whether we fhould l.iiid immedi.itely, or
Hay till IXay- break ; and the OtHctrs differing in tlieir
Opinions, it was .igreed, lince we did not know the
Ground, and the Barks were not come \.\\\ which liad near
half the Men .ind the Artillery, to Hay till Day-light, when
it was hoped the Barks would join ; and fell a little Way
down the River to meet them, hearing fever.d Mufquet-
Ihots in our Way, which, at firll, wc tho. ght miglit be
from the Spaniards along the Shore. On the .^^d, at
Break of Day, we faw one of our Barks at Anchor clofe
under the Shore, within a Mile of the Fown, and at Flood,
the other coming up the River -, then rowed li,ick to the
Bark which Iwd fired thole Mulquccs at fonie I'ilbcrmen
pairing by, whom we took. \Vhen all our Forces were
)<)ined, we helil a Council in the Pinnaei', proceeded up
the River, and lent a Flag of Trvice with the Captain ot
the Frencb built Ship, the Governor of Puna, and another
Prilbner ; then towed up the Barks .1 breaft .ngainll the
Town, and came to an Anchor. When the C.iptain of
the French built Ship came to the Corregidor, or Mayor
of the Town, he alked ourNuinNr, whieh the Captain
magnified. The Corregidor aniweied. They were Boys,
and not Men : And the Ciptain re[)lied. He would hnd
they were Men ; for they h.id fouglu hini bravely in their

opeu

,1-a^.

if' ', .' i'4 1 M

If'

1^4 « i

i6o

open Uo.it«, tl>'ivmli lie luil killnl onr at* the C"i)niminileri
Brothers ami wiuimlul aiul killcil otiu-is ; ami, ihcrolorf,
tttlvifcJ liim to auric tor the Kanloni ot th>' I'own, tor,
though he hail 3000 Mm, he would not k able lo witli-
Itaml them ; To which the Corrr^^uior rrplicil, My Horfc
U rwily. On the i^tl. luving towcil the Uarks dole up
before the Town, ami bmupht thtni to the Pinnace, went
up the Kivir alter limie V(ir;;.i, ami broiii'lit fix ot thcni
to an Anchor by our Uarks •, wc alto ftx)k Polfenion ot
two IK w, of about 400 I'on each ; then went alhore with
u Mag ot I'ruce, «ul the liovrrm r came on boaril one ot
the Prize.t, to agree about the K.inloni of the 1 own iiml
.Ships ; but couiii not Ix- tlun concliuled, but promilcd to
iiiea the Captains a^am at Icvm in the Evening i yet he
W.I5 not li) gotxl as hit Word. Ihe Boats went up the
Kiver again to lie for more Slups, and returned without
timliiig any : 1 low.vir, we to<jk iLveral Canoes, with
fome i'laie on board. On the nih in the Morning, the
(lovirnor cainr off again 10 treat . Our Captains thought
to luvc lii/.cd hill), betaufc he had tortcitcd his Word in
not re turning ovir Nighr, and femiing Word that Morn-
ing, th.il he had more IVopIc come into the 'I'own ; Lut
he, allq;ing tlut u was contrary to a blag of Truce, was let
(.n .Shoic again, and an Hour's Iimc (':vcn him to get
his Men naily. liowtvir, the Bcwt went and came two
or three units «iili the Mag ol Truce ; but tiic dovirnor
and Captaii .s nor agreeing, all I lungs wire made ready,
and tDWal nearer the Shore, wearing our Union Jack at
our Main-topmall -heads. At tour in the Attermxjn the
Men lamlcxl, with lo much Br.ivery, that the Spanitrdt
tired only their tiril Volley, and rtc^l, our IVople prelfing
fhrir, and piirluing them to their Cannon, wliuli they
fjon gained, only the Ciunner, who was an Ir/Jhtmin,
ftamiing by them till he was wounded in lour Places,
when-ot he died loon itter, as we were mtbrmcd by lomc
Priloners wc took. Our Men marched in a Body through
both Towns, driving out the Knemy, placed three Ciuanls
in the three Churches, and let Iwre to five or lix iloulcsin
the old Town, that llood adioiiimg to the Wood, leU
the apanutrdi lliould li.ive any Cos tr fn m them to annoy
oui Ciuirti, which was within I'ltlol-lhot. All this Night
they kept tirii g out ot the Wixxh a: our Ccnrineh, or
any othtr, that Ihned (Ait of the duard, ya did no f u"! •,
I'rviral Partus ot Horle and lout came down, wrhout
in.ikiiig any Attemin ; In the mean while the Duchifi'i
I'lnnate, winch was commanded by l.ieutenai t Conneiy,
with twenty two Mm, went up th. River, Lmlcd at every
Moufe, tcHjk tlicir Pl.itc, and wiut elk of Value they louiul,
and h.id fome Skirmiliti with the Knemy, i;i wincn one of
our ;\'tn wxs wounded. On the i-,th, t!;;- Knen-.y aji-
pe„red thick in the Woo.ls, fjm times toiniii;^ out-, and
our (i'.urds lud lome -Skirmirties with them, in which oiic
Man WIS woiindei!, lo that they e.\peCUd ty b: attacked.
Jn the Night, one of our Centimls Ihot another ot ours,
'^hu was goii'f; a httic Way tioni his Pott, and did not
aiifv^er wlvn challenged three times. Our lirlt L.aitenant's
Pillol went olf by his .Sidf.-,aiKl woundcti him in t.'ie Ug ;
anJ another ui our Mai was lliot through the foot b) one
ot (.ur People. Uai -Surgeon cut olfa Man's Aim, who lud
been hurt without ot our Cj;' nade-lhells, which broke in
the Bark when lirtd out ot a Cohornc. 'J he AltcrnoiJii was
fpeiii lii Ihipping off l'r.:V!fions from the Town, ajul
dilponngall 1 hmt^s, m ca'.e we (hould be attacked in the
Niglit, t.'ie Knemy apprji:ng about the Outhaules ; loi
winch Ktal'on, tJie Ca[,t.i;ns thiKij^ht tit to |oiii all the
Poises »t the main C nurd, where th'-y kid their Cannon
inouited. On the i6th m the Moiniug, Capt.iin Co«r//»ry
mar,.hed ;<> his (nurd ag.ain, to cover the Men who were
getting down I'lovifion'.crc. .Several Priloners were taken,
and brought 10 the main (niard. Mellingers, with a
Flag oi Truce, tame about ranfoming the Tywn, Ixit couKI
not agree : In the Atternoon brought one Boat ot Pioviiioi.s
aboard the B.irks , and at t.'irrc returned, to ranlbm the
'Town, which was at lall agreeil 011 tor jo.c.-.j Doll.irs ; we
to liavc three I lolbges, and to Hay at Pwui till t!u y could
Mile tlip laid Sum, the People laving carrie;! their
Money out of Town, 3ni\ lx;ing to difpciled, that there was
no raifnig it whilll we were taere, the Inhabitants of the
adjacau Country having witiidrawn all ditir Effects. On

m VOYAGES fif

Book I.

the 17th in the Morning, the Kollagrt for Ranfom wrrr
put on l)oard, as was .1 Boat's L..tding ol Brandy ; We took
down our I'inon Flag, and hoitted a Flag of Tnjiir
tiring a Gun lor a Signal, that the Spaniarii might cooif'
into the Town, M\i\ that no I loltilitici IhouU he eoir,
muted on either .Side during the Tune we luhl agrecj ig
Itay for the Money, liaving Ix-fore concerted with the $pi.
mards to m.ike the 'aid Signal for them to conjt m u
feture what we had left, that the JmLini and B/diks ;ni"|,'
not rob: And, I am ajK to believe, they hr! pluLlerdii
much a.s we had taken ; tor w to,k I v -raJ, » we wmt
the Bounds, laden with (ickkIs, which ttiey owned i!r
tuil llolen i and were afterwards intormcif, that, m t ,
tlurry, the Inhabitants lud given I'latc and Money t,
Blafki to carry out of the I'own, and could never hurM
it after. In the I'.vening, Mr. llaflty, and Mr. Dmk, ^na-
fent from the Shipi in the tail Prizr, and the Begmnm
Galley, to the lllaiid Pana, for Water, of which i!i ^
bigan to be Want on board ■, and with Inllrufliuns to.rj
up the River, to get Iiit.lligercc of the Forces on Si,, '_
we at Sea having lieard nutliinr; tfom them li ire their L,
jwrture, and thePiiloneri lay.ng, they wire cert iinl, a;l
cut otf V which was liut little regartlcd, any fiitlur 'h:V •.,
keep a Itriiit Watch over them. In the AficrniKin, t .
Min aihoie went aboard the Barks, which carried tht;:i
and fome others wr had taken, up the River : .\< la
weighed, and rowed oft' the Shore. On the i.Sth m tin
Morning, our Barks weighed with the tirft of the f ,h,
the Dukt'i Pinnace making the beft of her Way \n',i !>
the Ships, and the Moat going aftiore to t tchofV iIk i;r..;
(»uns then weighed, and tell down the River. Twu -
the Bark< .1 a ground on the middle Shole, th it Ins rit' ■
againtl the ilUnd. In the Kvcning tliey were iifloatagu,;
then we lowcd them over on ihc Starboard Side, whti
the Chanel was, hring a Gun for the retl to we-gh \ ii\\
at the lalt of rhe Kiib, came to an Anchor aUjut a .Mi
tr»m ih'- bland, and law the 5<y/«)»/»f , and anoih.-r Vd';,,
under tlie .shore, whether they were conic for VVatri, i,^
Water out ol tlieB.uks, and put into the Bejinnnw, i?\
difpatih.d her to the Ships. On the 29th in th ■• Ivior-
mg, t!ie B.uks weighed, and got down to Puna, w.icr:
they ajuhorid oft' the Town. C'apUin Rogrrs, in ta;
Dukt'i Pinnace, came on board, and gave an /\cci ..:•,
tlut they had taken, plundered, and ranlbmed the I wq
ot Guiaquil ; that three of our Men had been kille.t , :».,
by our own Pc-opic, and one by the .'Spaniard/ , aial ; u-
wou/ided : 'Thu the Inhabitants, whillt treating, hail u
ried olT their Money and Plate, retiring to the W oiks,
and leaving their Guns-, tour whereof wire taken, w;'.-
a conlidtrable Qiiantity of Meal, Pcafe, Sui^ar, B jnc,
and Wine, which was coming down in the Barks. \\ j;
we kilKd and wounded ot the Enemy couKI not <
known, becaufe they carried them off. The lame Ik
UugL-ridi.ml', who was Ihot by his fellow Centinel, <:.<.:..
I laving tro; 11 the Shiplidedifcovcreda Sail ftamling \.\\y /.
Kiver, with tiie 'Tide of Flood ; wc lent both Shijslii,;:,
alter hrr, and, at four in the Attemoon, the ttrm'k tc
Boats. They brought her m at Night. She w.is a 1:1 .:.
.^pdH'Jh B.lrk troni Cberipe, and bound up to Cumji;.,
having on boani :j jo Bags of Meal, and 140 .Arn"'.;^
that is, ^5 hiuidreil Weight of Sugar, tbiiK' On iw,
(.^iiiiice, ami Pomeyr.uiates : 'This, with the tix B.nks. . ■
two great Ships ratilbmed with the 'Town of Uu;a;f-.
makes fourteen Pii/es taken in tholl- Se.is. Ciptin
H'oodes Rigers, in his Kclatjon, blame* C.iptain C:ur::..j
tor being 111 a I lurry to quit the Pl.icc, though he acki.u*
ledg s, that his Lieutenant Mr. Stre.'eii, was (hot by M
ciileiit m hiking, his own Pilllol going otT unluiki,,
whieh rendered it netcllary to fend him inltantly 0:1 Iv.tJ
the Small-craft ; and tliat moll of their Men were i;.r. •:
carelcis, weak, and heartily weary of their new IraJ. >
being .Soldiers. One Circuniltoncc he mcntioncJ, ■.vh.i:
dclcrvcs Notice tor its Singularity. As he was inarctimg
out ot the Town, lie liappciicd to mifs one Jobii (.idkiti.i
Dutibman, who Icrvcil in his own Company •, and took 1;
for granted, tli.it he was either taken or kilhfd. Bet ; •
poor Icllow had a better 'Tunc ot it : He hapj>cned to i:r.-
up his (jiianers in a certaui I loule, where tticre w.is In ; ■
excdwrm Brandy i which the Duulman attacked lu i : ■•

chap. I*

Captain Woodbs Roqbrs.

Aio ,.r-,
tho I ,-r,
Ik-.l ; :*.
, ai.d ; u:
, li.ul u •

If \\ OOi s,

;.ikcn, w;'r.

ar. Banc,

•ks. \N .J.-
Li not .<■
I.imc Div

[itiiitl, li.ti'.

Slupliori

rmk ti)Ti
w.is .» 1:'.' •!■
to GiiM}-.
,o Arrulus
111.' Onuir.v
B.irks.i'i:
li Uuiaif':
Cai'tjn
nil (.'i)i(r.'.-i
he ackr.u'A-
Qiot hy M
iiiiluiki'v,
:ly o!i tH;jrii
were {^r^ •''
;w 1 roilv ^:
uncJ, wl;;>!i
IS marching
m Gdnil, i
aiut t(.xjk I'
[d. Bctr.-
[cncJ t" t '■'•'
was loii.t
.cd fo ohcs.
t.i.:,

the

her
rhe

Ihtt, tf laftt it l^i^ lu"* °" ^^ ^^"'^ > ami 111 rhb (
liofl'hc wai, when Capuin R^m and hU Man v) t'
pUce. A litlk after, the Mafter of the Houlc i
and tounil the DattimM ftretchcd at hia lull Lan^
lb till, that it wu a difflcgit Matter to diftingnMi, wi
he wudwl or aflec|>. The Sfmisrd rrrotveu to inik<
ExtxnmciU i but, 6rft o' all, called in hia Nelgtibo' n,
v'ho ailvilnl him to (ixi' e the DiUtbm»'* Armi i wl eh
being (lone without any UiiAculty, they next raiM him ifH
wdTct him on hi* Feet, when, after a httk Tottering, he
uiM-iird hit Eyti, and began to ftare about him, bcin|| Ten-
fillc (hit he was not alkep, and not very well tiltiahcd to
fimi himlrit awake, and in fuch Company. Hia Lamllord,
however, Tuun fet his Heart at Reft, by redoring him hit
Arms, and adviltng him to make all the Hafte he coukl to

that, during the Treaty, 8o,ooo Fietf% <
King'i Money were fcnt out of die To
Plate, Jewels, and other Things ol' the gi
thm. it is cri'uln, that, if we had landed ar
t<> dM no T- -ne at all, we had been much
itnan we » le ^ and I have great K<r-«(bn
we mig in that Cafe, have madr o>
Eight, it rc«Jy Monry, Plur, and Jewel
Flace h<K( ^ver been wnr fur for
lime we twfk it, the. laving ber

■ Eiglif «l i ,

bcTules their

HI ValM ( (9

rft, an ' givf«

?eat< itiixat

'> e, rtiat

('iece* (A'

*mi >w the

Years jw^ « « the

Fint abou. a Year

and an half before, «l> Ji had bur* x>wn bell Part ot the
I'own, and uccafioi a very grr*' Mprnce in rebuilding
it. At it was, we i -ught oiirlclv c» very happy j and all
imaoinablc Care ^hh akm, that every Man concerned in
the Tixiwilition founU his Account in it j by which the Ex-

join huConijanions, who were not yet embarqued. There |)rvlicncy of the Anides before-mentioned fully appeared -,

did not need manv Intrcatks to let the Duttbrnrnt forward t
he moved with all the Alacrity imaginable, and got t'Jely
■boird. It this Story be a litde ftrange. Captain Rtttrt
idds an C^urvation, that ii ftill tlrangcr, which is, that,
o( all the Men who landed on this Uccallun, there was not
a Soul, that drank a Cup too much, but this poor Vittfk-
MM I which if true, the I'own oiGuttfuil had the 1 lonour
10 be plundered by the Ibbcteft Set of People, that ever were
of their ProfelTion. But it is now rime to come to the Forms
of Capitulation, which the Sptmardj, u Perfixu muft deeply
intcreiled in it. dcfired might be drawn up in proper Form t

and our People were fo pcrfe^ly fati^cd witii trie (Jface
they received on this Occafion, that they rxpreflixl the
gnatcil Alacrity in the Execution of every Eiiu-rprize, that
was afterwards umlertaken. To (ay the Truth, this is a
Matter of the utmot\ Importance with Privateers •, tor, if
the Men have the Ical^ Jtaioiily of their being ill-treated,
fuch Difputes arifc, as do infinitely more Milchief, than the
Value of what can be gotten by fuch Prafticcs. But to pro-
ceed with our Affairs : When A% 2. came, which was the
lall Day appointed to wait for the Money, and no Boat ar-
riving, we began to be very uneafy. At length, however.

and fo they were, with the OmilTioit only of a linglc Cir- a Boat arrived, and brought us 21,000 Pieces of Eight v
cumibncci vtz. that the Place wu taken by Force of " ' ' ..-...-

Arms, which, tlie StMuarit inflftcd, (houkl be particularly
fjpecified, to demonftrate, that thev had been l^eaten, before
ther conlcnted to treat i and to this die E»gbfi very will-
ingly yielded, which produced the following Scheme of
Articles, which latisticd both I'artirs, procuring one the
Money they wanted, and fatisfying the other aa to the Point
%i 1 lonour I a thing no Spmuri ever willingly gave up.

Contrail for ibt Rmfm of the Town »f Guiaquil.

' W^^*^** ''^ ^''^ °^ Guiafidl, lately in SiibjeAion to
' ™ Pbilip V. King oi Spain^ is now taken by Storm,

* and in the PofTeflian of the Captains TlMwtSi Devtr,
' fftnlts Rogtrs, and Stephtn Cturhny, commanding a
' Body of her Majefly of GrtM Brilain\ SubjeAs i wc the

* Underwritten are content to become Hoftagea for the faid
' City, and to continue in the Cuftody of the laid Captains
' Tbmu Davtr, l^oedti Rogers, and Sitphtn Ccurtnty, till

* qo,ooo Pieces of Eight Ihall be paid to them for the Kan-
' fom of the fakl City, two new Ships, and fix Barks t

* during which time no Hoftility is to be committeil on
either Side between this and Pima \ the faid Sunt to be
paid at Pma, in fix Days from the Date hereof \ aiul then

' the Hoftagcs to he diicharged, and all the Priluners to lie
delivered immediately : Othcrwife the liud Holhgcs do
agree to remain Prifontn, rill the faid Sum is dilllurged
in any other Part of the World. In Witnefs whereof, wc
lave volunurily liri our Hands this 17th Day ofi April,

' O. S. and the 7th of Mof, N. S. in the Year of our
I* Lord 1709.' .1

19. The Plunder we look here, exclufive of the R.in-
I fom we receivetl for the Town, was very confidrrable \ for
[we found therr i;)o Bags of Flour, Beans, Peas, and Rice \
j fifteen Jars of Oil ; 160 Jars of other Liquor i fome Conl-
lage. Iron-ware, and fmall Nails -, with about four half Jars
|ef Powder i about a Ton of Pitch and Tar \ a Parcel of
ng and NetcfTaries v and, as I guefs about 1 100 /.
lin Plate, Ear-rings, lie. and 1 50 Bales of dry Goods \ four
juns •, and about 100 Spanifi} ordinary ufelels Arms and
tufquet-barrcis i a few Paclts of Indico, Cocoa, and Anot-
• I with about a Ton of Loaf-fugar. Wc left abundance
F Goods in the Town, befides Liquors uf moll forts, and
•ftores, with fcvcral Warchoufcs full of Cocoa, divers
lips on the Stocks, and two new Ships unrigged, uiiwanlsof
« Ton, which coll above So,ooo Crowm \ and then lay
Anchor before the Town. Wc were alfo to deliver four
rks aihore, and leave two here, to bring down the Ran-
By this it appears, the Spaaitris luid a good Bar-
un i but this Ranlom was far better for us, than to burn
at we could not carry off. The Hofhiget intormcd ut,
Numb, h.

which we received, and difuatched the Boat back a^n,
telling them we defigned to leave the Place the next Morn-
ing, and wouM carry away the Hodages, if they did not
come rime enough to prevent it. We llaid, however, till
the 6th \ and then Captain Ceurtniy was refolvcd to depart,
being apprehenfive, that we Ihould be attacked by the
Frtntb and Spaaijb Squadron. I endeavoured, but in vain,
to convince him, that, as yet, we were not in any Danger
of being attackeiU becaufe it was not polTible, that the
hytncb and Spaniards could have received notice by this
time at Lima, and have fitted out a Force fufficient to en-
gage us. We failed however, and came to an Anchor,
about tour in the Afternoon, a few Leagues before Point
/htna. The next Morning about two o'Clock, wc were
preparing to fail, when Mr. Morel, and a Gentleman from
P«M, related to our Prifoncrs, brought us 3500 Pieces of
Eight more towards the Ranfom. This put us in fb good
ail 1 lumour, that, in the Afternoon, we difcharged all our
Prifoners except the Morels, the three Holfages, and three
or fiwr more. The Gcntkman, that came from Guiuquil,
had a Ookl Chain, and fome other things of Value, with
which he bought our Bark the Beginniag, wliich was now of
no further Ule. We gave the Captain of the Fretuh Ship,
three Negro Women •, Mr. Morel, another •, and to nioft of
the Prifoneri, their Wearing-apparcU lb that wc parted
very good Friends. They told us, that one Don PeJra
Citnfafges, whom we put afhore at Puna, and who was a
Man ot great Credit, had got together a confuierablc Sum
ol" Money, and detigned to buy Goods of us -, for which
Purpofe he would bi- liown in twelve Hours time : But the
Majority of our Officers would not believe tlicm ; but, con-
ceiving this to he a Scheme for detaining us till the Fremb
and Spanijh Fleet came, were in fo much the greater Hurry
to get away. But, before we iM-cx-ced, let me give you a
fliort Dctcription of the Town of Guiaquil, as we found it.

ao. Guiaquil is diviiicd into two Parts, called the Oi'J
and the New TrjL-ns \ both of them together confifting cf
about c,oo Houics, joined by a long woodiii Bridge, lor
People to pafs over on Foot, abovL- halt a Mile in Length,
with fome Houtcs on each Side at a Dillance. It i!> fituated
in a low boggy Ground, lb liirty in Winter, that, without
this Bridge, there would be llarce any going from one
Houli; to another : There is but one regular Street along
the River-fide to the Bridge, and tioni it along the- Old
7*WH. Before the Church of 6V««/ logo is .1 ver)' liandlbmc
Parade \ but the Church itfelf lies in Ruins. There arc,

all, four Churches, w's. Sunt lags, or iV. James the

Apolllc, which, as I fiid, is deftroycd ; St. Augtifiin, St.
Frands, and St. Dominic; and before r.MS lalt another
Parade, with an Half-moon, on which ux Guns may be
planted i but there wore none when wc ciiic. Belidcs thefe,
a T there

r ^^

J I

I 1

!i '■■■■'■ ■

i(;i

T/jc VOYAGES ^/

Pook I.

therf is a Chapel, ana then had bffn a Church of .^/. //•
MUMS, bcton«ing to the Jefuin, hut burnt down. Thry
were ali decently wlorneil with Altan. carvril NNork,
Pirtures »n Organ in that of St. /tugufiiH , l«it thr 1'l.ite
belonging to the ni w,i$ carried away, the I'neUj ami Stu-
dents being all gone into the Wooil» : Some «» the I louUi
were tA Brkk, partictilarly about the I'aratlc, before the
Fire J the reft ol 'I'inilier, or Baml)oe« Iplit, and lome t>f
them decently lurnilhcil. In the Mrrchants Storchoufes,
there were ^rcat (jmntities of Meal, Hran>ly, Sugar, Cloath
ing, Corda^r, and Iron. The lnh.ibiianM ha<l fomr t a-
laihes \ but I km)W not of what I'li- they coulil b« , imlcls
to carry them a Stone's-ihrow to C hurch -, cfjirf i.dly in
Winter, all about being lb foul anti Iwggy, th.it thrn i juld
Ix- no Road madr for thrm. ThiJ niorali {■.rouml w.i< full
ol the largeff foadi I ever law, (bin* of theni ai I'ig «
an EMglifi) Iwo-jx-ny UiJd'. There were 2000 Inliahit.inti
«.f all lortJ, iiicl»Kling Mianj, Mulattoei, ami Bla< k*.
The Knfli/tmtM, who had lived in ilir lown, told w% tliit
the DeiemitrMoTt; when they h.id made public Retoicc
ingi fur the Birth of the I'nnrc of .iflkriii', which lafteil
three Weiki, thc-y tud multrred 1100 Foot, anil 500
Horfc, all in Arms »huh came from the Country rmmd
about-, bcfi Us.i miicli greater Numbtrunarnvd, the "rr.it
c(l Part whtinl luul) luvi lirrn In.ii.ms. They Iwifnl ivi
Bulls to Dtath alter thr SpaHiJh 1 afti:im, ami ran at the King
with their Sjx-.in » U)th which l-'.xi aiU-j thry aic very cx-
iKri in, ami imnh aililiotetl to. I'lie Sundity Ixfor.* we
landed, they hul lauiitliixl one of the new Shijxi in I'rr-
fcncc of thi- Bilhoji i who afkcil what they mtplit i oft build-
ing 1 andw.mt^lil. the one 40,000 Pollan, tlio other rroie,
both of whiili ilelij.ncd to rraiii: to Cbilt \ and()nlerentern alxrtit anyoihir Woik,
till the King's two Sliii)«, then exi>efttd from I ima, wire
rebuilt. Thii Town is well Icated for Trade, and tor
liuilding of .Ships, .is lyinj; fourteen l^.igurs fioin Point
/fr(Ha, and feveii from Pntj, up a laigc River, which re-
ceives fcveral Imall ones th.it f.ill into it, with many Nil-
lagcs and larm-houfts round about. Thi \N ater is frclh
for (our IxMgiK^ Ivlow it , ami all alonp the Banks grow
abuiHlancc ot Mangrovci and Sariapanlla i and, on at-
count of ihis latter, the Water is accounted good for the
/•>«<-A 1 hleal'c : However, wiicn the Flootls ctjnie down
from the Mountans, the Water is not reckoned fo whcl
fome, by naloii it brings .tlonj.; ftveral (Kjilonoui Plants and
Fruits, among whifh is th<- MtHihamlUi venomous Apple,
whcreol .ill Birds that tafte di- ; and we law 1 lundredJ ot
them dead on the Water whilft we were there. They have
grc.it Plenty ol Heevc, Goats, Sheep, I lens, Ouclvs,
j\/«/(v:7 Ducks, and fomc Sort.s unknown to us in Enj^la>tii;
a. alfo 1 lorfcs, ami great Numfx rs of Cirrion -crows, wlm h
the ^pamardj will not luU'rr to lie killed, prekTVing th^m
to devour all C arrion. 'I'hc Shijis here are built iriler
Mrds, to flieltcr the Men from the .Sun. The Town is
governed by a Corregukir, being the lupreme Magiftrate
appointed by the King. At our coming, the Otfiecr was
one IJon 'Jnonimo Bos, a younj; Man alwut twenty four
Years ot Age, Ijorn in the Canarifs. It may ferin a little
extrai rdir.ary, that lb young a M.in fliould be intruftet!
with Uith a Command ; but it is to Ix; confulered, that
n.itive .^■/lax/ur./j, forlbfuch are accounted th.it are born in
the dniints, have much tarli( r 'iitles to I lonour, th m
IVifins Ixjrnin this Louirry ; and, indeed, by the Repuij-
riry of tl.e SpuniJ/j Ciovemiivm, it is no hard Mattel lot :j
'. i.un;4 Man, ot a n.iionubie Capacity, to pi-rtorm tlir
Functions ot It witi'i Cralit to hinitelt, and lo as to Live
Satislkhon t • tlic People. The .Acounts which have been
given o( this Place by the Irfiich Bucannecrs are fo falfe,
tlut there is not the l(.iil Degree of Truth in them; inlo-
niuih th.il, from their Dcleriptions, it liarce ap|HarMobe
the lame Piate, had they not left inl.iir.ous Marks ot their
l>inj-' here: For when they took tin" Town rf Gmaqtul,
alxjut twcrty-two '^'cars ago, they tiikovereil little or no
bravery in the Att.icis, 'tno' they loll a r.re.it many Meni
and c«mmit:(d a deal of Barbarity and Murder after they
hsd the Place in their Power, whiili was alvee a Month,
h re and at Puna, ihc .*s. iifuns here are im|)ro[)cily called
NVinter and Suninier : 1 lie \\ inter is reckoned from the
Begir.ning ot D<ccml)(r to the latt of May ; and all that

Seafon is fult7 hot, wet, and unhealthy ; From tl* \f
ler Fnd ol May to llamin is fcniK, drv, and hcilihy
Init not fo violently hot as what they call Winter. ] h,.,'
( oroa is ripe, and moftljr gathered lictwern Jum anl .\.
mji 4 and of the other Fiuin, natural to ihufe Cliir* ,
limic are ripe, and others green, all the Year, But, as ,, '
Prifonera furnilhetl us with a very full and ntt\ Acu,,, •
of all the adjaieni Country dependent on the (wvernmc,.
of C,naf>i\ I have jidged it reqtiifitc to add to iha Ar
count of the Town, a \ tew likewifc of thr Provime, tl,it
the Reader may jK-rfeilly apprehentl the Condition of th«
Spanijh lnhal>iiants therein i and judge (Voni ihrnie, j,
from a Sample, of tl»e .State of this great Fnijurc of /»^,
at the Time th.it we were thus engaged in attacking m
Ports and Coall •, where we a^tetl as became Men wlio lu.|
legal CommilTions, and <tiJ nothing that was not jultiiin)
by the I jw of Arms, which, in time of War, is thr |j»
of Nations. Having done this, I fti.ill return to our I j.
{'edition, and not trouble the Readet witli any Dign (lion,
lor the futun-.

i\. The City or Town of fTirMfir// is the Mftrnp,!
of a Province of that Name in /Vr», poveriTd lyal'
lidenf, with five or lit ()ieJ0rs, which make a RoyJ ./|.
diettia, or chief Couit of Jthlua-uir, iiccouii!a''le on'y m
the Vicemy in military Affairs 1 every Province has a Go-
vernment of the fame Nature. The (iovernors are r- -r.
monly «p|X)intcd, or, to fjvak more properly, | wr hi:;
their Offices, in OU Spittn for Life, or goo<l Bt haviour , i~.\
in cafe any die, or misbehave thtmtclves, the N'Mcroynuy
name another ifuring his Time, which ought to lie hut Itc
Years » Ixit Ibmetimes he gets thefe Officers ot his cwn
placing confirmed by an Order from Ayw»», which isaco".
liderabte Part of the Vkeroy's unknown Profits. j>.
late Vk eroy continued fourteen Years, feveral new cr:j
having died by the Way. The King of Spain himltit ftwe
lives m more Splendor, than his Viceroy in the City of
I ima, where the chief Courts of Judicature arc kept, . |
Ap|)eals .ire brought thither from all Courts and Prov.iKci
ot t/iis exteiilivc Kingdom. I lliould not here mentH/iit.'^^t
vail Wealth the late V'lcetov obtained during his dinrr..
mtnt, the i>um being lo large, that 1 thought it fal^uluiCi
but that I was informed ol it by lu many Hands, who
told me, that about four Years ago he died, worth, at bit,
K,o(K),o(K) Pieces of Faglit \ ami left it to his Widow u.i
Children, but the greaieid Part to hiseldcfl Son, iheCVw
tie la MoHflt, bcfidts vail Sums he gave away in tturij
during lus Lafe-timr, and the Churches, Frieri'Sil
Nunneries that he built. He left a better Character bciur.ii
him, than any Viceroy had done for an Age jjall. \k
Condi, Ins t Idcrt Son, waits here, cxpcCling to tuccetd \x

t)rclent Vi(croy of Peru or Mtxica, if the Govcrniufr:
lolds m Old Spain > but the People hope he will toun
lus Fatlici's Fxample, rather than that of the prelent \ : ;•
roy : For whereas all former Governors difcourageii h-
reigners as miKli as pofTible, to fecure the Irade to ;k
Spaniards, the prefent Viceroy docs all for the prtniiijn
he ojx-nly cfpoules their Intereft, and encourages tkin,
sshricas the Spaniards fay, that he racks, and heavily 14^^
prelFcs, their own Countrymen. The Corregidor that i\
died at iikiaqnil, tlw' Itc had poflelTed the Office K.t il-.
Years, iiad ainalled joo,ooo Pieces of Fight, tho' his M
was not allowed to exceed above 2000 Pieces of Fight ;«■
.-htnum i bur all the Corrcgidors make vaft Advanraijesbt
-Sti/ures, and trading privately by thcmfelves. I he Iiw
to and from A/e*«V9 IS forbidden here, under the leverettl';
ii.ilty V cfpicially traiilporting Quickfilver from Peru tliit.'e,
becau'o Qiiantities arc brought from Old Spitin, whuh i
iiiipolcd on the Refiners at great Rates. Here are iimiv
.Ships rmjJoyed coading in this Kingdom j but a I ikIc '
li) levrrely prohibited between them and Mexico, thai j.
the Commotlities, with Sdver and Gold in Returns n-^'
have httle other Liaulation in tliefc vaft Countries, 1 1
the Flou and CJalleons to and from Old Spain. Yd, r
withftanding the Seventy uied againft pnvatc Tuittt' 'i t
the Viceroys and Corregidors, there arc lome thit iiic
who have no Mercy Ihewedthem, if caught, all being lhf»i^ |
in the King's Name, tlw' his Majefly has little or no \.' ;
of It, all luch Seizures fas I am told/ being divided aiiiu
thole t)iriccrs, and the poor SuHcrcrbanilhcd, or ion

i.M

Chap. 1.

Captain VVooDEs Rogers.

i6i

to 1 tiiol. All £*//')* »nA l}ul(k GowU, excq)t wh*t
coin" 'ly the liallKvWt ««-• |»rohil>itcd here i lo that iht
pnvite Irden, alter they have, by Sceaith, jxirtlulcil
ihcni m the North Seai, mull vend ihem in like nwnner
ill over Pirn. And ii (he wholcliife Merchtnu have nut
X gooil Cctiilkate Irom the Comtnercc of Stvtllt chat
ihfir Comnuiditici come by the FloU or Galkoni. when-
ever thf Cju<kI» are qucftioncd, they mull didover them,
for te»r o» worfc Puniftimcnt, unlcli they have a good In-
urrft in the Vueroy, which colU dear to (iiirchalc and pre-
lave i lb that the Trader makei little I'roht, but where
ihc ihifl Ortkershare a Feehng : Yet tho' thofc merccnwy
Viceroy* arc lo kvere on oihctl. they themlclrci employ
the CorrcfiKlon to negotiate a I'rade Jor ihem by a third
iiand, whirh cannot be done to the I'urpcifc without being
puUkly knuwn ; fu that Shipi are cuiiftjntly employed
on their Account, and carry (Jpickfilvcr, and ail manner
ot prohibited Goodi, co aiKl from Mtxict, out ot bye I'orti.
Thui, being their own Judgn, they get vait Eilates, ami
ftop all Cuiiiplainti in OU Satin by Brilm. 1 lie (iootii
they trade for have a free Faflage, and fail through the Con-
tinent i whilll otheri, if they do but oricr at it, are pu-
nilhcd as ibove. Their otJicr Ways of getting Money
unjuftly are too many i but, in ihort, in my Opinion, there
» no C'uiintry naturally more rich, nor any People more
(trriiiiy upprcflcd. The Spdmsrdi (ity, and 1 believe nut
wuhoiit Kealbn, thai a Viceroy, .ifter purchaiing liii Place
with all thit he has, .uid quitting OU Spam as poor ui Jobt
comci liither like an hungry Lion, to devour all that he can \
and that ivcry Officer under him in the I'rovinccs (who arc
ten litres more than ncccflarr) arc his Jackals to procure
Prey for him, that they may have a Share ot it thrmit Ives.
Thi' I'rovimc abounds with fevcral forts of good Timber,
wluih nukis it the chicl Country of Peru for building anil
repairing of Ships ■, there u feldom Iclii than fix or liven
ai a time on the Stocks before the City of Uuiofuil. The
chiel C(jmmodity this City, and its chief Province, afford,
it Coroa, which is fo plentitul, as to fupply moil Places of
the South Sea i they fay, th<re is never Icfs exported in a
Year than p,ooo Cargaus, each Cargaii 8i lb. Weight,
an.l fomctiinrs double the Qi^untity : It was purchaled gc-
neraily ai half an Rial per Pound, but now much chcajier,
fu that t!ic Car^au may be bou(;ht tor two Pieces of
tight anil a liall. I'hcir Coa<\ing Trade is fur Salt and
Solt-tilh from Point Santa //tltMa, and moft vended at
^ai/o, and otlurdillant Places within Land : A valf Quan-
tity ot Tinikr is laden here for Truxilo, Chana, Lima,
ami otlu r St a-purts, where it is ftarce. it pays a great
Freight, and is a protitable Traile. They export alto from
hence Rice, Cotton, and Ibme dried jerked Beef. There
ate no Mints of .Silver or Gold in this Province, but Plenty
ol all Ibrts ot Cattle, and very cheap, cfpecially on the
llluid Puna, where we liipplied ourlelvcs with whit wc
coulu conveni ntly. I Icrc ;s no other Corn hut JrtJian ;
fo tlut all their I* lour is bioiigiit itom iruxil/o, Cbnipt,
and other Places in the winilw.ird Pans : It blows hcie al-
ways Southerly. They are alio lupplicd with fcveral forts
of Woollen CkJtIi, and viry ftrong good Ikys inaJe at
^tto. Ihcir Wines, Biandy, Oil, Olives, and Su^ar,
iSi. come trom Pi/iela, Nnjca, and other Places to Wiml-
waril : All loits of European Gooils come hither trom Fa-
rami, whither they arc brought over land Irom Perm-
Belle out ot the North Seas -, lb tlut the Number of Ships
that come mA go trom hence, without including Coallers,
aa- no ids than forty Sail every Year ; which Ihews tlut
the Port ot iituaquil is no mean l»lacc ol Trade m tins Part
of the World. A M.irkct is alio kept on Bark Lugs and
Boats in tlie River, every U.iy, Utorc tlie Town, with all
tliu the Country affords, in great Plenty, The otiicr
l^ \M« ot the Province are governeil liy Lieutenants, de-
|ut^J by tile Coiregiilor -, uliove lull ot than bouler on
the lame River, and its Branches ; (o tlut they lan join
thele ot tilt Capital^ in two I'ides, tho* at fcveral Leagues
DilUnct. Putt) I'liiti was toiincrly the Meiro^K.lis ot the
IriAiiKe, biluic till (jyveriiincnt was removed lo Guia-
y.v;;. in the I'owiis, uid ilic whole Province, the Upa-
nimili tompute at haft io,ooo Inliubitaius j but, I bc-
|u.vt , there iirt luaiiy nu)ic, taking in all the mutt Races
btiwtcnthc 5/<w/'.i;v/., !,<,!. f,<:s, .ind Negroes, which they

divi(li« uid fuKlividc info eleven Demmih.iiioni. The
natural Spaniardi arc the fewefl by tar ot all the Inhabit-
ants i and, were it not for thefe Mixtures whuh the F«-
thrn of the Chuirh keen united, the Indians might again
take Poncdlnn ul their Country \ tor the Spaniardi would
be ttM) few to kivp it, and much more uncapablr of peo-
pling it. Few ot thofe Prifoners that fell into our Hands
were healthy anil lound \ near half of the Spaniards dif-
covered publicly to our Doifors their Malaily, in order
to get Phyfic Irom them againll the Frneb Dileafe, whn li
is (o common here, that they reckoned it no Scandal to
be deep in the Powdering tub t and, the llcat of the
Country tiurilitatina the Cure, tht y make very light ot it.
All the Spaniards I difcourfcd allow, tliat this ri«h Coun-
try » not a tenth peopled, nor are halt the Indians, far
within I .and, civilized \ tho' they alt'irm, their King has,
in the It^tft Indus, more Subjects ol levcral Colours, tlian
in all Spain, or the rrit of his Dominions in Europi, which
may Iv true.

32. On May 1 1. we had a ftrong Gale at .South .South-
weft. We bore away for the Ciallapages /Jlandi ; and in a
very melancholy Condition we were: For we hail upwards
of twenty Men taken ill on board the Duke, and near liliy
on Ixjard our Confort Icized with a malignant lever, con-
tracted, .IS I lujipoll, at GiittKjuil, where I was informed,
that, alviiit .1 Miintli or \\v. Weeks belbrc we took it, a
contagious Diltale, which riii;,ncd there, I'wept ( tV ten or
twelve Pti foils eviry Day for a cor.fuU table time \ lo that
the Floors of .ill the Chunius (which are their utu.d Bu-
rial-piaresy were tilled lo tail, that i;\.y wi e ol hged to
di^a large and deep Hole, of ab»A.t a Ku"d lt)i ire, i lol'c
by the great Church, where I kept ( ua; ' \ anl tins I in}".
was almort tilled with thtCorples lialt-putref'cil. The Md-
tality was fo very ^mt, tliat m.iny ot the People had left
the Town ; and our lying lb long in the Churcli, lur-
roundeJ with liu h unwholfome Scents, w.v. tnousli to in-
fed us oo. Afiout this time Captain Ceiirinty was t.iken
ill \ »rvl Captain Dover went on boird to [ refcribc for liim.
In venty-tbiir Hours, wc had tilty Men down, ;ind the
Di< ve/s upwards ol leventy ; and, in the tbilowing twenty-
tour I lours, there were ten more down in each Ship. On
the 17th, wp dill ovt red Land \ anil, on the iSth at Day-
break, we were within tour Leagues ot two large Illands,
almoli joininn; togetlier, having jwffed the other t!iat wc
liiw Yeilerday. We fent our Boat aOiore to look for Wa-
ter, and agreed with our Cosilbit where to meet, in cafe of
Sepration. Phi y tumed towards the Windw.ird, and left
us to try this liland lor Water. All our Pri/.es were to
Hay near us under Sail, by a remarkable Rock. But, in
the Afternoon, the Boat returned with a melancholy Ac-
count, that no Water was to be toiind, the Prizes we
expedted lying to Windward tor us by the Rock, about two
Leslies off Shore -, but Mr. Hatley in a Bark, and the
Havre Je Grace, turned to Windwari!, alter our Conlbrt the
Duchefs i lb that only the Galleon, and the Bark that Mr.
Selkirii was in. Ibid for us. We kept plying to Windward
all Night, with a Light out •, wliicli they followed. At
five in the Morning;, we lent our Boat alhorc again, to
make a further Search in this Illand tor Water. In the
Evening, the Boat returned, and reported, that there was
no Water to Ix: found, though the People went three or
four Miles up into the Country. They likewife told me,
that the Illand is nothinj; but loofe Rocks, like Cinders,
very rotten, and heavy v and the tarth lb parched, that it
will not bear a Man, but breaks into Holes under his Feet;
which makes me fuppofe there has been a Vulcano here,
tho' there is much Ihrubby Wood, and fome Greens, on it-,
yet there is not the leaft Sign ol Water 1 nor is it polTibk',
that any can Ix: containetl on fuch a Surface. In Ihort, we
found thefe Illands very little anfwercd either our Expccla-
tions, or the Dclcriptions wc had of them ; and our Lofs
of Mr. llatley, who, with five of our Men, two Spanijb
Prifoners, and three Negroes, loll us in a Bark, where
ihcy were provided only with Water for two Days, and
fcaicc any other NccelVaries, together with many unlucky
Accidents, made us wilh ourlelvcs from .imongft thefc
Iflands 1 and therefore, on May 2t>. Captain Vovtr and 1
went on board tlic Ducbefs, where, alter a C onl'iUation, it
was rc&>lved to run in fur tlie Illand Piata tu water, and fu

come

^Mu

iiii'

itiliixillUki?; %mL . Lit.

164

7k "V OY AGES of

Book I.

I&i > ^^

^;r

come off again, for fear of meeting w,th two WS^p,
one of fmf. and the other ot tor,y-fuc Guns, a..d the Sf.
nijb Man L» War, who, we were "^^J^^' ^'J'ly^J^^
d^ly in Search of us, but. '^ *«^?^'ij"f ^^ ^^m
any of thofe Wands go.n« .n, we defined to fi^«" Ships
thert- . and not go near the Main, our Ships bemg ?ut ot
Sde^,"nd our IVlen f.ckly and weak, «id lereral alfo hav-
"c b^n buried. We failed on the 27th •. wd. on the 30th,
Jfhdd^iother CouncU on board the Mfs, where .t was
^r^Tto go firft to 6V^.~. to fee i* '»«« /'^^J^y f 'J"
4 Ships there, and afterwards to M^^^la, Malags^o^
Maiulinar, where are fome Iniiau, Fjicmiesto the ^^i-
;S^", who. as the Pilot, infbrmed us, feldom came thKhcr^
nor could thence get Intelligence ot us t and, it we couU
t,^e with the iXn^, might have Swine and towb, good
Snanas Plantaiav and otl«r Retnrfhmcnts. In tte
Surlc, the Duckff^ took a Prize, wh^li pioved to b=.
Veffel of the Burden ot ninety Ton, bound trom PcamM
to Gml /. cllcd the St. 'Thmas dt VtlU N>va, Juom
^J^arrl Navarft Commander. There were about forty
People aboaiti, including eleven Negro Slaves, but httk
of EurtfeoH Goods, except fome Iron and Ctoth. The
next w. made die IQand of Gorgom, , and. on the 8th, our
Boats brought in another Prize, which was a fmall Bark, of
ahoiK fifteen Tons, called the GcUen Swt. She belonged
to a Creek on the Main, ami was bound lor Guttnil, M-
dros Enriauis Mafter, with ten Spaniardj and frntiau, and
fome Negtws -. no Cargo, but a very little Gold-dull, and
a large Gold Chain •. together about 500 /. Value, which
were fccured ;i)oard the Diubejs. On >m 19. in the
Fvening, there was a Confukation on board the Ship above-
mentioned, at which fome of my Officen and Captain De-
'.er afTifteJ. Being difcompofcd, I was not with them, but
refoh-ed to i£t in Confortfhip, according to their Agree-
ment. After they hail examined the Prifyncrs, they rcfolvcd
to go to Maltha, an Ifland wliich had a Road, where we
defigned to leave our Ships, and, with our Boats, row up
the River for the rich Gold Mine of Bariactre, called alio
by the Spantnrd! the Mines of St. Juam, from a Village
about two I ides up tht River, of that Name. There we
defigncd to furprifc Canoes, as fitter than our Boats to go
againrt the .Stnam , for this Time of the Year being fub-
jeft to great Rams, which make a fttong I-relh down the
R./er, our Pilot, an old Spanmrd, did not oropofe to get
up to the Mines in left than twelve Days. I had often be-
fore fufpcSed his Knowlctlge , but, according to their Re-
Jbiutions on boanl the DiKhtJs, we made Sail about twelve
o'clock that Night, and rtccred North-eaft lor the Place.
In the Morning, 1 difcourfcd Captain Mtrei, as I had done
feveral times bctor.-, and all the reft of the Prifoncr^, who
agreed, that this Ifland called Maiagt was an unfrequented
Place, and not fit for Ships, that ever they heard of. I
had alfo two Piilbners on board, that were ukcn in the laft
Prize, who hni been at tlie laid Ifland very lately. I ex-
aminevl them feparatcly, and they agreed, that a Ship could
not be faft there , and that, the Place being fo narrow, it
was impofflble to grt in, but with the Tide, which ran very
ftrong i that the tjitrancc was full of Sbolcs, and had not
Water enough, but at Spring-tides, for our Ships to get
out or in : Befuies that, if a Ship gets lixjfe, (as we muft
moor Head and Stern i (he would turn all a-<)nft, and very
much endanger the Who!;.-. They added, that the River
was fo narrow, bctore wc could get to the Mines, that the
Indims and Spaniards migk fell Trees across, and cut off
uur Reucat, there being thkk Woods on the Banks d the
Kiver, from whence the Indians woukl gall us with their
poifoned Arrows^ fur thd'c about the Mincb were at Amity
with the Spamtrds, and a bold and very numerous People,
Upon this Intbrnution, I was lurprifcd, that the Council
had not informed thcmfclves better, before tlicy rcfolvcd
on going to this Place, ami immciliately fcnt Mr. White
our Linguift, with the two Prifoncrs, on board the Linguijt,
to undeceive Captain Courtiuy, and his Officers, and to de-
fire his Company, with fome of the reft, without l^fs of
Time, that we might agree how to a^ for our Safety and
Intereft, and not to procectl farther on this hazardous tin-
lerprizc. On a folemn Confultation, this was accordingly
refolved \ and, in Compliance of that Kcfolution, we came
baci( to G$riona^ our CuniUtion being fe tud at this Jun-

ftuir. that, if we had been attacked, we fliouid fcarce h»e
been in a Conditwn to have defended ourfclvea.

2^. On the 13th of Juni, about four in the Morning,
we anchored in forty Fathom Water, and refolveij X
careen the Dmbtfi l^rft, and then the Dukt i our Sick wt
removed aboard the Galkon, and the fick Officen on
board the Hsvrt ii GrM, wbew ther h«i all the Con-
venicncies we could afford them. We likewife fet im ,
Tent afhoie for the Ufe of the Armourer, andCoopfr's
Crew, ami direftal a Place to be cleared for our fick Mm,
Tents , all which was performed with fuch Diligence, that,
by the 18th, wc got our Provifion* on board, mounitd
aU our Guns, having in fourteen Dayi caulked our Ship,
all round, careened, rigged, and fiowed them again Ixxh
fit fiar the Sea I which was great DifpKch, confidtm.
what we had to do was in an open Place, with few Cir-
penten, and void of the ufual ConvenicndBi for careerirg.
The SpMiardt, our Prifonent, being rm dilatory Sailon,
were amased at our Expedition , and told ub, they uftally
take fa Weeks, or two Months, to careen one of the
King's Shipa at ItiM, wfaeic thev are provided with a
Ncceffaries, and account it good Difoatch. On the i^,
we fet up a Tent on fhore for the Sick, who were, efcn by
this time, much better than when we came to the inand, n«.
withftanding die Sfttmards reprefented it m extremely fidi
and unwhoUbme , but the bare lying alhofe, having that
Dolors with them, and an Opp(>rtunity of walking ibw
when they grew a littk better, had fo ^aod an EffcS, t^
while our found Men were cmpbyed in fitting our Shipi
for Sea, our Tick Men gathered Strength enough to tttun
to their Duty. Our Sumijb Prifoneis went into the Woodi
with us, (hewed us Timber diat was proper to be cut, ami
gave us every other kind of AfTiftancc in their Power. Wt
not only fet up Coopers and Armourers Tents but nn
ftt out Ground for a Rope yard, crefted A Tent for i
Smith, another for a Block, the third for a SaiJmakni
and each had his Crew to aft under him, for the bttw
Dilpatch of Bufincfs. Ii is not to be fuppofcd, that tkjc
People were all excellent in their Profeffions , but, hot
ever, they made a fhift to carry on Thing* very well k
our Work, NecefTity and Praftkre having taught then
many Refourccs, which the abiefl Man, in their Bramho
of BuTuieb, would never have thought of, or, perhip,
could have been brought to believe prafticable, if they hn!
been tokl of them by uthen. By this Method of a^
we had fettled not only a Planution, but a MamifiHfhrr,
on the Lttle Ifland of Gerioiu \ and, as every Ofiker U
his Charge, and furveyed a panicular Sort of Artizans, tt
had Bulincft enough upon our Hands, and wrrc ij!
throughly and plcalantlycmpfoyed. Our Spmijb Prifurm
luoki.d on with Amazement at our working from Break of
Day till Night in that Climate, and in that manner , ind,
what moil of ail furprifat them, was our finding our Ibmc
new Fjtpedient, when prcfled by new Difficulties, iiv!
when, in t.hc jui!gment of our SpaniardSf it was m\4
fible for us to prxxeed any further, fo that our Diligmr
and Succefs railed our Credit with them pro<!igiou y
The Natives of Old Spain are accounted but onlir>ni
Mariners , but here they are much worfe, all the I'-vi
we took being rather cobbled, than fitted out fur m \::
fo that, had they fuch Weather as we often met wit.'i r ■•:■■
Ettrepian Seas in W inter, they could Icarce ever rear i. j P
again, as tfiey arc fittetl , but they fail here Huncirff*' ;
Leagues. The fr< mb ulcd iier as a Viftualcr, and M: h •
at /.MM, as they had done feveral others, for four t!m-< '■•
Money they loU in Eunpi. ' Tis certainly a good Mitho:
they took, at firll trading hitlier, to bringa Viduilii ;
Ship, with no otiicr (iooUs but Provifions and Stm,
along with them, (•encrolly one of ihefc fmall .'^^p
comes out with two I raders , and fincc in fix, linc, «
twelve. Months time which they flay in thofe .'la*, ilw
expend their Provilioiis, and lefTen their Men by Morraiiy I
or Delertion, they (ell their Viftualling Ship, and, Hci*
recruited with Mm and Provilioris out of her, they rcnirr,
well vi6lualled and manned, to Frnnce : But now they p<
intoCfeV/, where they Jell ihc remaining Part of the Citjt:,
and fait jp a new Stock of Piovifions for their hem wirii
bound pAtTage ; fb that they need bring np more Vi:hi-
allcrs. . ^

i<^, Vhiit

(leal with us. I pre

Chap. I.

Captain VVoodes RoGfiRs>

i^^

. . Whilp we wrc here, wc apsrcfd together to fit out
\\\clk'-''' ^^ Grace with twenty Guns, and put Men out
DlVuliSliii' aboard her under Capt.iin Ccc/^f's Command, <
retoiviii", to carry her home with us, and to make a third
ohip to"cTUire in our Company whillt wc were in theic
St'as. This was the great Work on which we were tni-
nloyia liom the 29th of June to the 9th oijuly, when
Ihs was loiiiplctely linifhcd ; and we gave her the Name
ol ihf Mirquis, having provided a good Entertainment :
Wc l.iluted each of the other Ships with three UuzZiU from
oa boarilhiT, dillributed Liquor among the Company,
ilrank l«r Majelly's and our Owners Healtlis, and to our
own Siicttl's in Conjundion with our new Confort. Wc
loon alter lirnc two of our Main-deck Guns on board the
Marquis ; the Duchtfs did the hkc ; which, with four
taken at Gm^qutl, and t^velve that were in the Ship, made
twenty very good ones ; the Carriages all new, or fo well
repairal, that they were as good and Itrong, as if mounted
in Awif.W. The next thing to be confidcred was, how
to provicie her with Men: This wiis very foonlettledj for
I a<TrecLi to put thirty- five on boani her, and Captain
Cmiiiiy twenty-fix, fo that her Complement was fixty-onc
wliitt Men, and twenty Negroes, Capuin Edward Cooke
Commiuider, and our fecond Lieutenant, Mr. Charles
I'off, to command under him. Wc agreed, that the
Capciin, with his Officers and Men, fliould have equal
Wages witli ours in the like Ports, to encourage them.

2^. Tin next thing of Confequcnce was to get rid of our
Pril'oncrs, which began to be a Burden upon us, and of
no lie at all. It was tliercforc determined, that they
'Jioulil he ail fet aihorc, after trying every Method poflible
to engage them in a Scheme for trading with us. We had
Icveral times liillourfed the two Morellj, and Don Antonio,
about ranfoming the Goods, and were in Hopes of fJling
tliftin to Advant;ige, but deferred coming to Particulars
till now ; hecaufe we plainly faw, that unlefs they could
have tile Cargoes under a Quarter Value, they would not
deal with us. ! projxjfed going to Panama, anil lying iw
Pays as near it as tlicy pleated, till they brought the
Money we (hould agree for, at a moderate Rate, provided
tliey left Hollages on board us, wliom, on F;ulure, we
would carry to I'n^land. To this they would have agreed,
pioviiliil we would t.ike 60,000 Pieces of tight fur all the
i'nze-gdods. Then I propolld their ranfuining the Gal-
ko:;, and putting a great Part of tiic Goods aboard her,
jrtMiiai one of thofe three, and another they could pro-
cure, would l)c I lortages for the Sum. They anfwered,
that neither of diem would go Hollage to England for the
Worlil. 1 mentioned delivering the Galleon and Cargo to
tlieni luTc, provideii two of them would be Mofiages to
ray us thf Money at any other I'lact b'ut Pituama or Lima,
in fix Ibys, if they would give us 1 20,000 Pieces of
Fight, being the lowell Price wc would take lor all the
Pri/i's andCioods, Negroes, i^c. I'liey told us, that trading
I with Strangers, efpecially ihe Engltjb and Dutch, wa; io
! flricdy prohibited in thofe Seas, tiiat they mult give more
i tlun till- prune Coll of the Goods in Bribes, to get a Licence
I to deal with us ■, fo that tiny could not allure us of Payment,
Hinkfs we i'oKl the Goixis very theap : I'lKTclore, not
I timiing 11 worth our lime, and knowing the Danger wc
nnill run in treating with them, we dcliUed, and ordered
tiuiii all alliorr, llill hoping that tliis would crmpL-l
thf \hrclh .md Navarre to get Money tor us, and pre-
vuit o\;i burning tin; Ships we could nut carry away.
Soinr ot our People were tor kecpinj; icveral others wIku
[they Wire lirfl taken, but tlwy weiv over-ruled ; tliough
j now evt ry body teem to tonfels, that had been a better
IMa'Kxl, b:-iaufe it woul.l have given us a greatir t)p[)or-
jtunitv o! trading, ami ol ridding our Ships of tliule Gouils
[wh'.ui v.-;Tc ot no V'aliii- to us hcic, and I'eivcd only to
[hindtr our lading. But to proceed ; On the 10th ol y«/y,
iwc pwt It'vtnty two Prifoners on Ixjaril the Bark, and,
[with (lur two Pinnaces, Ihe tailed for the Mam. Un the
jiith in the MornmL';, ditle Vcikls returned liom Landing
Dii; IVilom-is, .md brought olV liven Ihiali BUk Cattk,
twelve I logs, a,-.d iix Goats, lome l.inKs and I'i.uit.iins,

iii-h were V( ry wdainie to us. Pluy nut with little ille
01 V.ilue in the Vill.ige they were at -, .uid, the otiu is being
|f.ir up tiK Kivei, they did not think it worth while to \il'u

NtMB. \!I.

them. The Country where they landed was fo poor, that
our Men gave the Prifoners five Negiots, Ibnic B;iy.s,
Nails, tff. to purchafc themleives Sublillmcc The In-
habitants afliore had Notice ot our taking Guiaqui/, and
were jealous of our being at this Illand, becautc they heard
our Guns when wc fired, in order to fcale them alter
careening. According to the Report of our People, our
Prifoners were not extremely well pleated with the Change
of their Situation, or even with the Recovery of Liberty,
in fuch a Place ; and teemed to regret the Advantages they
enjoyed on board us. To (ay the Truth of the Matter, I
verily believe, that DonAntoitio, the 1'tmin^, Sig. Nivjr.rn-,
and the Morells, did not expedb to part with u-; fo IIil! •
denly; but, by continuing with us, aiio knowii'gwe could
not carry away all the I'rizes and Goods, they lioped \\t
fhould of courle have freely given them what we couid not
keep : We apprehended that was the principal Realbn of
tlieir not clofing with our Terms, which were advantag.ous
to them V befides, Iliould we have been attacked, tlv.y
believed we mull then put them in Poirttlion of their
Ships, which were of no Ufe for fighting. But. to ob-
viate all their Hopes of benefiting themfelves at rjiis eaiy
Rate, without participating of their Money, the Magr.er
that drew us hither, 1 made them fenfible, at parting, tiia:,
as wc had treated them courteouily, like gtiierousLnemies,
wc would fell them good Bargains tor whatt\'er Money
they could bring us in ten Days time •, but that wc would
burn what wc did not difpofc of, or carry away. Tliey
begged wc would delay burning the Ships, and promiled
to raile what Money thry could, and return within tlur
Time to fatlsfy us. One of the chief Prilbners we now
parted with, was Don Juan Cordofo, defigned Governor of
Baldivia, abritliMan, ot about thiity-five Years of Age:
He had lervcd as a Colonel in Spain, had the Misfortune to
be taken in the North Seas by an Englijli Privateer near
Porto-Rello, and carried to Jamaica, from whence he w.is
lint back to Porto-Btllo. He com])lained heavily of the
L'fage he nut with from the Jrtw.?/(V7 Privateer •, but we
p.irtcd Very gootl Priemls, and he returned us hearty
Phajiks, and a Stone Ring for a Prefent to one of the
DuchejW Lieutenants, that had lent him his Cabin while
he was fick on board. We allowed Liberty of Confcicnct;
on beard our floating Commonwealth to our Prifoners v
for, there being a I'rieft in each Ship, they had the great
Cabin for their Mafs, whilft wc uled the Church of Eng-
land Service over them on the CJiiarter-deck. On the i ^tli
of June, came on board, in a fmall Canoe, one Michael
Kendall, a free Negro oVJc.maica, who iiail livtii for lijinc:
time as a Slave in theVilKige our People had phmdercd :
He happened not to be there then ; but, as l()oii as he hail
an Account of it, he fairly ventured liis Life to get aw.iy
to us. From him we received die following reniarkabU*
Account of an Attempt made upon the Gold Mines, in
which he was himlelf concerned. His Relation was to
this L'ffeifl,- 'Th.it, when War w.is declared M Jamaica, ha
einbarqued under the Command of one Captain Edward
Roberts, who was joined in Conimifilon from the Go-
vernor of Jamaica, with the Captains Rap, Go'Jing. and Pil-
ktngton. They had lot) Men, and deligned to attempt
the Mines of lagc, at the Bottom of the Gulph of Daricn.
'There were more Commanders and Men came out with
them, but did not join in this Defign. They had been
about five Months out, when they got near the Mines iin-
dili /ered. They liiiled fifteen Day, up the River in
Canoes, and travelled ten Days by L..nd afterwards : By
this i inie, the Spaniards and Indians, being al.irmed, laid
Ambulc.ides, and lliut many of them. I'he l"'neiny
]i.ivin|t alli-mbled at leall 500 Men, and the i/.x/j being
diminilhed to about lixty, including the Wounded, die
Spaniards knt them a Ha^; of Truce, and olfeicd diem
tiieii Lives, after a linall -Skirmilh, wlierein the Englijb
loll tour, ami the Liiemies about twelve Men. 'The En^i'Jb,
being ill want ol Provitions, quite dad our, and not know-
ing their Way back, aj^;iced to deliver their Arms, on
eoiidition to be ufe.; as Pritoners of War. Having thus
yi' Id.'d, ilie Sfumards and Indians earned them in Canoes
three Days up the Uiver that lea.'s to the fiinc Mines
tliey. Migned to atteir.pt, tre.ited them very well, and gave
iheiu the fame 1 cod that they eai theniitlveb. But the
, U louuh

I *4

i tfi

"ni

i66

Jhc VOYAGES of

Book I. H Chap. r.

Hi' . '

-** -i

if r^j

m ^

P -i

' w

Im. n

foiirtli IXiv, wiKti tluy came to a Town beyoml the Mines,
and tlioug'lit .illl)an};.r h.ul bcni \y\\\,m Ualcr ..hik Imni
tlu- chid >>,(H,y7j()rti<cr to cut tlutn all oH, wluJi the
/«J/V«« and ^pamp Troops ilid, as thofc poor daun.ed
Wrc-tdu-s fat at Viaualsv lb tiut in this barbarous Manner
ti.fv were all niallkud in a tew Minuti-s, except a Siot.u
a IrcHch, and an En^hjh Boy, with twelve tia- Negroes,
vLuh, at the Intcrceliionot a Fricrt, they kept tor Slaves.
This Man, beint; one of them, happi-ned to Ik iold hrlt to
the Mines, where, he .ays, he cleared at leall three hcces
otl'iBht a Dav (or his Mailer; and trom thence he was
(old to this 1'l.ue. \Vc took Notice ot this to the Morells,
who came the next Momiiij; with Money to ranfom what
they could ot us, putting tliem in mind ot tJic dillcrent
'I patmrnt thev had from us, ami how gratetul tliey ought
to be for it; which they teemed vciy readily to acknow-
lei'ge, am!, indeed, be'haved, upon all Occalions, with
much Honour. We fold them good Bargains, 'tis true ;
bur, on the other hand, they ran great Haz;irds in trading
wth us, ami traded us always with their IVrions .md
Money, at tlu- lame time that we liad the V.^cdi* in our
Hands tiiey can.e to purchafe. On the i8th, a Negro,
klungmg to the Duck(is, was bit by a fmall, brown,
f[xckled Snake, and died within twelve Hours, notwith-
Ifanding ti:e DiKtor ufcd his utmoft Endeavours to favc
h;in. I'licre are .ibunilance of Snakes on this llland ; and,
the Spaniards lay, lonie are as thick as the Midillr ot a
Man's Thigh. I law one as big as my Leg, and above
three Yards long. Thtir Bite proves genenilly mortal.
In the Aft;! noon we hail a ConfulcKion, ami agreed, that
the lame Bark we took, belonging to the Main, right
afjaintf tins llland, lliould be given to the Lieutenant's
Brotlit r that we plundered, and who came over with our
Bark ; tor, king a M.ui m fome Authority on lliore, we
hojxd this T'avour would int'.uencc them to troile with us
whilll wc were here. 'That Morning, Mcirieurs MsreU
and Navnirc went a Iccond tim;- in our Bark tor Money.
One of the fame ."^ort of Snakis, tiiat killed the Negro,
%•.■.<; found or. our I-(.it-callle, as they went olf, and killed
b) our Men. Wc fuppofe it e.ime aboard on tiie Cable,
tni y being often lecn in the Water.

2(''. On the ill of yluxuji, the OfTn''. we apiwinted to
appraife the Plunder, met on board t!i: .alkon,ar.d valued
the Clf^thinii, in orJir to divide it amongll the Otfietrs
and Men ot eaeh, .iccording to their relpective Shares.
On the ^d in the .Vlttrnooii, they m.iiic an End of ap-
prailing the Cloths, at a very low Kate, amounting to
t.iur hundred TounL'.s •, and the Silvcr-liilted Sworis,
Bucklts, Snuft'i.vjxes, Buttons, and Silver Flate in Lie
aboard every Triz.e we look, and allowed to be Plumler,
at tour .Siiillnigs aivi Sixpence />(T Tiece of Light, .imounted
to "4 ^ /. I ) J. befidcs ^ //^. 12 cz. which was in K;ngs,
(id'il Snurt'-bt)Xes, Tiar-rings, and (lold Chains, taken
about I'nloncrs. I'hib I believe an vxjici. Aicount. tjriy
next Morning we lud like to have luil a Mutiny amoiiglt
our Men : 'I he Steward tolil me, that leveral ot them
had lart Nir,ht nude a private Agreement ; and tliat he
luaid tome UiiUTl<-a(iers, by way i;t Lncouragem-.-nt, b<jatl
to the retl, tlut iixty Men had alre.idy ligned the i'a|)cr.
Not knowing wiui tiiis C'cmbiiiati(jn mi:ant, ur how it was
deligned, 1 lent tor the thitl OllktTS into the Cabin,
where we arma! ourlelves, fctiired two of tliofe mutimjus
Fellows, and prelently leued twoothcri : 'The Tellrjw that
wrote the 1*.ii>l r wc put in Ikjiis : By thu time, all 1 Tinils
were upon Dak, and we h.id ;.!;i)t dieir Agrc.eiiK nt horn
tliofe wno w:- e in the Cabin : 1 h • Turprt ot which was,
to oblige thtmielves net to take th'.ir Plunder, nor to move
from thence, till they had Jutliie done them, as they
termed it. 'I'here being fu many concerned in thisDc
flgn, thcCapt.Mns Doz-er dnd Iry defiied I would ililelurge
tliofe in Coniinemcnt, uj)')n their .liking I 'anion, .uid
taithtully prom:li!ig never to Ix- guilty ot the like, or any
other Combifwiion, again. 'I he Realon we lli.u^-.l tlurii
this Tavoiir w.i-., th.it there were too many guilty to punilli
tl":m at once i .uul, n<Jt knowing wh.-it wa' acligiiid .iboard
thf Duihejs and jVliirpii.', we were ot Opinion, tliry had
(one<-rted to break tl.e Ice aboard the Duke, aad the letl to
lland by them. L'jxjii tins, 1 ulcd all ilie Arguments 1
touid otr.r, fticwtd thoii ihc Dangur aiid folly ul Com-

binations, and ixhorttd itiem to Lelit ve, they wculd luvj
Judice done them m l.iixlanti, tliould any thing fccm un-
eafy to them now, or in the whole Courle of the Voyage _
adding, that we li.nl done all that wc could for their tjoul
and would continue our Kndeavours, not doubting their
good Intentions, provided they were not milled. VVitli
theft, and other hciiing Arguments, all appeared eat y inj
quiet, and every Man tecmiil wiUing to Itand to wluthij
been done, provided the Gentlemen, that were Office:.,
and not Sailors amongll us, hail not fuch large Share;'
which they alleged was unreafoiuble ; and tlut they coi;!,'
not polTibiy, in a Privateer, delerve wh.it they were allowed
in piiipoitiun to the Ship's Company. This we did nj
part yick! to, in order to appeafe thcli; Malccontents, by
making loine Abitements «mi Mr. iybile\, Mr. Bath'<,,
and Mr. I anbru^b'%S)xxrv\ \ fo tliat wc hoped this difficiilj
Work wouiu, with lets Danger tlian wc dreaded, b^
brought to a Conclufion ; for Difputes about Plunder
are the ctmimon Occafion ot Privat.crs quarrelling amoni'il
theniiclves, and ruiainj-, their Voyages. Atwther Paitr
was d.awn up, lor every Man to (wear what C'loaih-,
Goals, trc he haJ received of the Agents, and to rtftor:
whatevci he had taken without the Agents Knowlciigp, a
order to a juft Diflribution of the Plunder •, and every one
was to oblige himlelf in a Penalty of twenty Shillings tor
every Shilling Value that Ihould be found about him con-
cealed, befiues the former Penalty agreed on, ofloiiitghis
Slure of any Prize or Purchace, for concealing alxjvi; ih;
Value of half a Piece of Eight. And, for the Eiuci;
r.igemcnt ot Uilcoveries, the Informer was to h.ive hil;
the Penalty, anil the Pretention of the Comm.iiukr. Jiii,
Pajier was obiedcd againtl by fcvcral of the ( )Hi. ei s, wiio
infilled, that there ought to be a greater LatitiiJ.c allowed
tliem to advantage tnemfclvcs, lincc they had vei-.nired
their Lives thither on fo difficult an Undertaking: VVhi^ii
made us defer figning it till a better Opportunity ; lor,
unlets fuch Agreements as thcfe had btxn conftantly pro-
moted, as Oi cation nriiuirei!, the Temptation ol Iiitcrd
would have made us tall into irrix"overal)!e C'onfi.l!D',
aboard, which ga'erally end in a Separation, or worl;,
.Somi time aftei this, I propoled another thing, wliuh, 1
thought, would prove very .uivantaj^cous for our Ownn ,
and the common Intcretl •, and this was, the fenilirg
Capt.un CAioke, in the Marquis, with a Cargo ot our Vni..-
goods, to the Bra/ils ; which CommilTion he wouhl l«v;
cxecuteil. By this 1 propoled to favc our IVivilioni, liiii:
he would not have required any great Stoi:k tor thjt
Voyage, and, confcqurntly, might have remained longer
in the South .Seas. In the next Place, I propofetl I'roiitj
for thele (lootls would have come to an extraoulinar/
Market at the Brajils, and have yielded twice or thr;i a
much as we coulil make of them any other Way ; A; .',
lartly, after fee uring, in this manner, io confuiera')]!' ii
Advantage on our Voyage, as we mull have reaped i.i
the Produce of thcfe Goods, our Ships had been ; :'
ciently provided for attacking the Aapuiio Ship. But ;r.
Conlijris did nut «indcrlland,or at leall would nor appruv,,
thele Rcafons ■, and to the Projc^'l fell to the CirouMii, ttia i
they, howcvc.-, rejientcil afterwards, when it was too lat.-

27. On the 7th, we gave Sig. Morell and A'.;:.-/.'
their Ships, .md all the Gocxls we could not cairy auw
ior what Money our Agents received of them. A* ti r 1 ic
Lfllctb in the Bark, wc agreed lor 1 2,000 Pieces ot !■ ;,
which, \Mi!i joou there remained of the old Debt 1' 1 iHf
Kanlom ot Guiitqiiil, made i.-,ooo in the Who!., !.J
which were to tx- brought in twelve Days. Caiitoin '>;•'■
valued the Money now on boanl, for the Cite ot i''
Owners, 20,000 I'ound!, and the Goods .U (I0,;:.^)
I'oundb. \S i, gave tJicte Gentlemen a Pai)er, which tmiK
lirve to protci't them, in cafe they fell into the I laiuli >:
the Spaniards ; and we intended to have taken .in .\ik: o«
ledgment under their 1 lands, as ig the Particulars 1 1 v-
B.iigain ; hut the Bark liiiled away from us in the Ni;JH-
I cannot help taking notue here of the honuura!>l< Ik-
h.iviour ot om Crew during the 'lime tlieic Prifoners wtr;
on btwrd, in order to Ihew how much they regardtil tde
Credit o< th' ir Commillion, and of tiieij- Country. Amend
our Priloneis t.iken on board Sig. Mndrrr's Shii) inm
i'anamti, theix wai a Gcmltwgmaii, and her Limilyi •*'

t.k:i::

Iffi:? liilfring where

an:l:ook htriiunl.

chap. I.

Captain Woodes Rogers.

1^7

.Icldl Dauglncr, a pretty young Woman, of al'out Eigh-
KTii was newly mairial, and had kr Hufband with her.
\Ve'an"i"ne(l thcni tlie great Cabin aboard the Galleon •,
ind nope were fuHlrLiI to intrude amongft them, or to
iVparatc their Company : Yet the Hulband (I was told)
llicwfd evident Marks of Jealoufy, the Spaniards epidemic
lliltale. But, I hope, he had not the Icaft Rcafon for it
omongtl lis my tiiird Lieutenant CUndall alone having
Charge of the Galleon and Frifoners \ for, being above fifty
Vears of Age, he appeared to be the mod fccurr Guar-
dian to Females, that hatl the lead Charms, tho' all our
young Men had hitherto appeared modcft, beyond Example
imongft I'rivatcers : Yet we thought it improper to cxpofc
tlum to Temptations. At this time, Lieutenant Conneley,
who Ixliaved himfelf fo motlcftly to the Ljidies of Cuiaquil,
was feme Days in FoffelT.on of Navarre's Ship, before we
lloppcd here to remove thefc Prifoners abt)ard tlic Galleon,
wliere he gained their Tluinks, and public Acknowledg-
ments, for his Civilities to thcfe Ladies ; and even the
} lullxind extolled him. We had notice thcfe Ladies had
lonie concealed 'rreafurc about them, and orilercd a Fc-
nule Negro, that we took, and who fpke Engli/fj, to fearch
tlicm narrowly •, and found fome Gold Chains, and other
Tilings, cunningly hid under tlieir Cloatlis. They liad be-
fore delivered to Capuin Courtney Plate, and other things,
of ">Kxl Value. Wc gave them moft of their Wcaring-
.iiiparcl and NeccflUries, witli three Female Mullatto Slaves,
and parted very friendly. They confcfTeil to our People,
who put tlicni on (hore, that we had been much civiller than
tliey did expert, or believed their (Countrymen wouKl have
hem in the like Cafe -, and fent back the Hufband with
Gold, to purchafc fome Goods and two Slaves of us. The
Iflaiui of Gor^ona has been more tlun once defcribed, and
tiicreforc it is nccdlefs to trouble the Reader with it here ;
lor which Reafon we Ihall proceed in the I liftory of the
Voyage.

28. Auguji 1 1, we failed, and, the next Morning, came
lip with a Rirk which cre.ued fo much Unealinefs ; and
put Mr. Selkirk and his Crew on board her. As our Ships
were Injt very thinly ni;umcd, and there was hkely to be
more Adioii than finee we hail been in thefe Seas, it was
dicrcforc thought advifeabk' to recruit a little ; which, con-
fidcring where we were, will feem a little extraordinary :
But thw Myllcry will be very fbon explained, by my telling
tile Rr.uiri, that, on the 16th, we muftered the Negroes
\ on hoard tlr- Duk!, and found them thirty-tivc, flrongable
I elliiwi, tit for .Service. When they were together, 1 told
I them, that, if they would beliave bravely, and aft faith-
fully, their Slavery was at an End •, on which thirty-two of
i fliem ciio.iged, and ciefircd they inight be improved in the
Ule ot Arms, wliiili fome of them already underilood 1
aiding, that, if 1 would allow them Arms and Powder,
I thcfe would teach the reft. Upon this, I made Michael
KtitihH, the "Jamaica free Negro, who defertcd from the
I Spaniards t(j us at Gorgsna, their Leader v :uid charged him
I to Ix: continually e.xcrciling thcin, becaufc I did not know
how fooii we migtit meet with an Fiiemy. I took down
the N.unes of tliole that lud any -, and thofe that w.uited,
I bilhjwal N.-ime^ on dicm ; .uid, to confirm our Contraft,
p made them drink a Dram all round, to our good Succefs.
lAt the fame time, I gave them Bays for Cloaths ; and told
Ithem, du y muft look up^n themfi Ives as Engli/hmen, and
Ino more as Nej.i;ro Slaves to the Spaniards : At which they
lexprelial tlicmUlves highly pleafed. The r,cxt Morning,
jwe law a S:iili anil both the Diuhtfs and wc gave Ch.ice,
Ian ! took hir in an Hour's time. She was a Vtflel of feventy
iTci, .if.d had l(jur-and -twenty Negrots, Men and Women,
lin h< r. Alter this, we flood over to the Hay ot Jeiames,
jwhtn the Indians are tree ; and, with much-ado, by the
lllHii(,t a I'ritll, entered on Tr.ide with tlum. On the
|2Vth, we IxRin to heel and clean on: Ships Bottoms; and
tntl,v(ral of our bell Sailors, and twoCirpentirs, toaflill
|he Marquis anmre. Our Men kept one hall at .Arms,
hile the icll loaded the Boats, Icll the Induuis, who are
J'liiTilly tre.ichcrous, Ihuuld watch an Oppommity to tall
in thciii. Our People, that came oil" the .Shore, took par-
icular Notice, that tin: red P.unt, with which the hidi.ms
ere firft daubed, w.i:, a Declaration (f Wan and, after
e had amiably tie.itcd with tlic.m, they rubbed it o'f; but
6

flill kept their Arms. Wc fent them three large wooden
Spanijb Saints, that we had out of Morell\ Sh,), to ai.oin
tluirChurJii which diey accounted a grea- PrJent : .'" nd
I fent a feathered Cap to the chief Indian\ \\ ile ; wdich
was likewifc very well accepted : And I had a Prefei.t of
Bows and Arrows in Retjuital In the iiuan time, oup
Linguift and Prifoner managed their Bufiiiefs l:eyo:xl Fx-
pcdation, felling very ordinary B.iys at one Piece of Fight
and an half per Yard, and other things in Proportion ; (o
that we had Provifions very cheap. On September r. we
failed from thence j and, on the 6th, Captain Cotirtnty,
Captain Cooke, and Captain Dampier, dinecl on board of
me, when Captain Cooke complained of his Ship being crank •,
and that we need not liave tacked lo near the Siiorc, fince
we might eafily have fetched the Ga'lnpagos without tack-
ing. All agreed to tliis, except our Pdot, who was jiofi-
tive of feeing other Lands alx)ut 100 or 1 lu Leagues iioru
the Main, under the Fxjuinox. He told us, he was at tlv. in
formerly, and has defcribcel them in one of his Voyages ;
and that thofe Iflands we were at, lay to the Weft of them :
But we judged him miftaken, or wf had fecn them in the
laft Runs to and from thefc lilands. On the Stii, we ran
over ar.d beyond where our Pilot afHrmcLi the Iflands wcro 1
fo that we ail agreed, that the Illar.ii he was at, when a
Bucmncering, could be no other, but thofe we were .it, an.i
were going to now, the ncareft Part of them lying it).-;
Leagues to the Wcftwanl of the Main-land. 1 he iaiiic
Day, we made one of the GitHtipagos lll.uids •, and, the next
Day, hoifted out our Pinnace : Captain 7)or(T .and Mr. GUi:-
dall went in her tor the Shore. The Diichep's Pinnace re-
turned very foon, laden with Turtles. !n tlic mean time,
we came to an Anchor in about thirty Fathom Water, about
two Miles oft" Shore, being rocky at Bottom. Li lett:rg
go the Anchor, the Buoy- rope was immediately cut olf, a.'.d
our Ship drove •, fo th.it we thought our Cable w..s al.'b c.it :
But, alter driving about half a Mile, the Ship rode very
well. In the Evening, our Boats, th.at left us after we
came to an Anchor, returned, laden with excelknt Turtle.
We fent our Yawl and fome Men afliore, to turn tlr. fc Crea-
tures in the Night : But to i-,o Purpole -, becaufe we after-
wards found, they only came afticrc in the Day. I fent our
Pinnace, and Lieutenant Fry, to found out a better Anchor-
ing-place, while wc hove up the Anchor, and came to Sail.
Our Boat returned •, and, by ten o'Clock, we had our Ship
again to an Anchor within Ids than a Mile of tlie Sliore,
right againft a white liuidy Day. I went afliore in the Pin-
nace, and carried Men to walk round the Bay, to get 1 ur-
tles. The llland is high, like the reft ; but Ibmc low Land
on this Side down to the Sea. It is very rocky, dry, and
barren, without Water, like thole we had already !een. On
the 1 2th, I fent to the Ducbefs, who was at an Anchor .1
good Dillance from us, to know how they were flocked
with Turtle. At ten the Boat returned, with an Account,
that they had about 150 Laml ami Sea Turtles v but noc
generally fo large as ours. We had no Land Turtles as yet ;
but about 150 Sea Turtles. The Marquis had the worft
Luck. On the ijtb, the DudcjVs People having int'oimed
us where they got their Land Turtles, I fent our Pir.p.ace,
which, at Night, returned with thirty-feven, and fonic Salt
they found in a Pond •, and the Yawl brought twenty Sea
Turtles: So that we were very full of them. Sonu of the
largcft of the Land Turtles are about 100 Pouniis \\'ei^!;hti
and thofe c^' the Sea upwards of 400. The l..xid 'I'urtles
laid Eggs on our Deck. Our Men brought tome from the
Shore, about the Bignefs cf a Goofe's Fgt>,, white, with a
large thick Shell, exadly round. The Cieamres are the
light ft in Nature ; the Shell not unlike tlie lop of an eld
1 fackiiey-coach, as bl.ick as Jet •, and !b is the outlidi;
Skin, but ftiriveled, and very rough. The Legs and Neck
are long, and about the Blgnefs of a Ma:i*s Wnll ; and th- y
have Club feet, as big .is one's Fift, fhapcd much like thole
of an I'.iephant, with five tliiek Nails on the I'oir-leet, and
but four behind i and the I Kail little, and Vilagc linall,
like Snakes 1 and look very old and bl.ick. Whm .it tirll
furiniled, they tin ink their Nick, Hia.l, and Legs, under
their Shell. 'I'wo ot our Mm, with Lieutenant Stration,
and the Trumpeter of the l^ticlxfs, affirm they faw vaft
large ones of this Ibrt, alioui tour fi 1 1 high. They mounted
two Men ciii the back i.t c:;e 0! tlum, which, with i:s

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1(^8

7/jc V O Y A G E S of

Book I,

iifual flow P.icf, carried tlicm, anil never regarded tlie
Wiiglic. 'I'licy lii|)i)ofal tliis oould not wcigli lels than
700 Tb. I do not altift giving Relations ui llrangc Crca-
tiiri's. To iVciiuintiy done by otlu-rs -, but wlirrc an iiiu on\-
nioii Creature falls in my Way, I cannot omit it. The Spa
niards tell us, they know of none elfewliere in tlicle Seas \
but tliey are ecmmon in Bm/il. On tlie 1 ;;th, we lud a fine
Breeze, came ii|) to the rell, and agreed to lie by, with
our Heads to the I' aft ward, till Midnight, being in Sight
of the Rock, wiiere we loft poor llulcy, when laft l>crc.
On the 1 6th at lour o'Clock in the Afternoon, we fent our
Yawl for Captain Cooke and Captain Ceurlney, with whom
We agreed to iK-ar away, feeing fo many Iflands and Rocks
to the Weftward, we did not care to incumber ourfclves
among them in the Night. By fix, we found the Remedv
worfe than the Difealc, and, at Mart-head, could lee all
low Rocks, almoft joining from Ifland to Illand, that we
fecmcd landlocked lor three Points of the Compafs, and
no- way ojx;n, but to the .South-eaft, from whence wc came 1
fo we refclvcil to return that Way, and made Ihort Trips
all Night, keeping continual Sounding, for fear of Slioles,
and had from forty to fixty Fathom Water. In the Morn-
ing, we had got f.ir enough to Windward to return. VN e
coulil have no Obfervation, the Sun being in our Ztiiith,
tho' wc found the Weather Iicre much colder, than in any
Latitude witliin ten Degrees of each Side tJie Kqnator.
Tlie Duchj's (not Itcing fo well provided with Turtle as
we' I'.-nt her Boat afliorc on another Ifland, where they got
her I .ailing of excellent Turtle, leaving a valV Number on
tliore that they could not bring away. V»"t had as many
aho.ird .15 wc li.ul Room for. At liven we ail joined, and
agrecil to lie-by till two in the Morning, whence we con-
tinued our Cr.urfe, with an ealy S.iif, till D.iy-bieak : Wc
wcrca-breart of the Thoroughfare, where we tried for Water
the lad time, I ordered a Gun to be fired at a venture, to
fee it it wen- |H)(rible Mr. Ilalley could be there alive, and
then feeing, or hearing us, might make a Smoke on fliore,
as a Signal •, but we had no fuch good Luck ; lb that our
1 lopes for him were all vanilhed, iuid, wc linally concluded,
that wc could do no more for him, than we have done
alrt.idy. The 1 Hth and 19th, we faw llveral more lllands,
one of them a large one, which we fuppofed reached near
the Lquinodial, ;uui abundance of fmall lllands Ix'twixt
us. The 19th at Noon, we had an indirfermt g(xxi Ob-
fervat;on. Latitude 2^ 2' North. Wc faw in all Mbmc
tliat we fcarclud, and others th.it we vitwcit at a Uiltancc
at both times," no lefs than fifty, but none that had the leaft
App.Mrancc of Irelh Water. Sig. Morell tells me, that a
^par.Hh Man of War, employed to cruife for Pirates, was
once at an liland that lies by itlel! ni Lititudc 1° 20' or
50 Scuth -, tlicy called it .''V. Marta del Jqmuij, a. plcafant
Ifanil, a:.d gotxl Road, (u'l ot WockI, ard plenty of
Water, and Turtle of both Sorts, with Fill), i^e. lying
.•.'.•oi;t 1.(0 SiHinifl} Ix.igues Wert from the Illand ot Plat.i ;
U;t, I bilieve, it is at Icall thirty Leagu''s more, and tlut
it u no oilurbiit the l.ime Illand where Capuin IXivi.', the
/:«^//y7j Bucmnecr, recuiited -, and all the Light he has
Ktt to find it aj^iin is, tlut it lies to the Wcllward of thclc
Iilands he WAS .it with the other Bucani.iers, whicli, as I
have before txamuied, laii be no other than thefc lllands
we have iM-eii twite .-u. \\\ hai! no Oerafion to look for
th;.s Ifland tlic fu< ndTrip, thcugli, I belle%'e, it is ealy
to find it Without farther Dircifiiiins, Here arr mod Stjrt
of .St.i birds among thel'e Illand?, and fome I jnd-liirds,
p.irticularly I lawks of fcviral Sorts, and Turtle-d(jvc<:,
l)oth fo Very tame, that we oftin liit them down witli
Sticb. I (aw no .Sott cjf Bcifls , but tlierc are Cnianas m
abnnJ.uice, and I^nd-turtlc almoll on every lllaiu!. 'iii
Grange hov the I.ittcr got h( re ; U.( aule tluy cannot come
of t.'xmfelves, .tnd none of that .Sort are found on the
Main. Seel^ h.iunt lome of tln-fe Iflands, but not lo nu-
introuf, nor their l-ur lb g'XKl, as at 'Jiiiin I'trmtndez : A
very large on<- made at me three fa\i.il times, ami, had I
not hajpemd t(j have aPike-dilF, point-d with Iron, in
l:ulla;u!, 1 inij;ht luve b< en killed by lupi : I was on the
level hiand when he c.iine open-mouthed at mc, out of the
Water, as quuk and fierce as the mofb a.i-^ry Doi^ let
loofe : 1 ftruck the Point into his Breafl, and wounded
him all the tfiicc time', he made .it mc ; wlnth foixcu hin;

at laflto rctiie, witli an ugly Noife, fii,iiling, and flirwirv
his long Teeth at me out of the Water. This ampliibioi,.
Beall was as bijj; .is .1 large Bear.

29. On the lirrt of O.tol/cr we ni.ide tlie Main-lind
Mesuo, whieli Captain Danipier no fooner law, ti;an li,
dieLired, it was in the Neighbourhood of that Phet tim
he att.icked the LelTer Mii'iiH.t Ship in the i''t. (Jir.rai
Our Men began to grow ill again, and twoot them (iropr
liown on the 1): i k, oci .1 fioned by ,1 kind of fiorln.'ic Aik/
plexy j but, upon Bleeding, they came fuon to tlKn:l(.lvf
The next Day we m.i 'c Cape Corienics, which \»j kn ••
by our (.harts. Capi..in Dampiir, intlced, h,id been jicic
but it was a long time ai^o, and, therefore, liefcemcdi,
know but little of the ."^Mter; ya, when he f.ur,e tc
land in Places, he rccol'.i. i d thiin very readily. 0-
Bufinefs now w.is, to loei. the lllands f.ii'k^l 7V.

Marias, to pr(X'iji; liime Reti. ents; and fouml tlm 1
Work of Ui'ticulty, being veiy \i. certain as 'o th;ir \.
tuation. On the 4t'i in the Attetnoon, Cape Cor-c-.u:
bore I'laft N -.th-ei.ft aiH>ut ten La.agues : The nixtMon;.
ing, being very clear Weather, we difcovered two IHin,;,-
at the DiltiCice of fourt«\n I .eagues, one bearing \ort!i ;;■,■
Wert, the orhcr Noith by I-jfl. At Noon we had j';
Obfervation, .'.nd touiui ourlelves in the latitude ef r'
4t North. Tiie Sight of thefe lllands was vtry Qf.
factory •, for, though our Men liail tluir Fill of L.iii'l.in!
vSia-turtlc, which kept them from the Si urvy, yet 1 found
them weak, it being biit a faint Sort of Food, exceiit tiic?
had enough Brcatl or Flour with it ; whereas they hii
but a Pound and a Qitarter of Bread or Flour for ^r;
Men a Day ; which was done to prolong our Sto 1; ,;
Brcai' againll we came to live wholly on our Ijit i'o-
vifions, and fhould be then foard to al o>v more. (\ ;:;
6th, we fent Ijcuten.ant hry, in the Pinn.«ce, on Hiorc, ^n
the Faflermoft Ifland, 10 try whether there was any i^aci
Road or Conveniency for us to recruit there. At nmuhrv
returned, ami told me, tlic Illand h.id foul (iround nr::
lialf a .Mil'.: fiom the Shore, bad Anchorage, worle 1j,v
ing, and no Ircfh Water, but W'ooil enough. A mdi'-
chuly fare to us, our Water growing fhort. We halcli-.
a WiiHi lor the middle IHand, which Captain lhnrp::~, 1
bclitve, can remember lie w.is at, when he belonged :i
Capiam S-xaii, and found Water, Having little \\ir,
we fent our Boat towards the Illand, to view it, lx'to\v,:
lould gel up thither with the Ship. I'hc Diulejj's IW ,
and our Pinnace, had been afhore at feveral I'lacs oiit..:
South-eaft Side ot the llbnd, and found bt tter \\ v,-r ■:
every Phce, On the 8th, thofc that had been on :',■
Ifland reported, they faw no Sign of any Peoples bi.-;
lately there, l)ut found a human Skull above gr. i;,-..;,
which we fuppofcd to be one of the two Juditiu La; •. ;
Damfier tells us were left here by Captain Sivan aboi.:
Years ago ; for Viftuals being fiarce with thele Kuca;:. ■ ,
they would not carry the pcxjr Indmns any f.irtl'.er , \\\
after tiiey had fcrvcd their Jurns, left them to nuk.' .
miferable Ind on a dcfolate Illand. Wc kept all.;:: .:
all Night, and a Fire in the Illand, that, if the. U;;.;
and Bark, who had left Company, liiw ir, and l-.ad a Gir,
they might rome into Anchor-ground : But, havii'i; d
Sight ol them .at Day-break, I went on lx).ird < ur C en: :;,
and proj>cled my going out to lixik alter them \ L.:; 1 ;
made light of ir, and thought it needlefs, bi!ievin;;t.
would bt in aftet Ui without any Aflillanec. llie R,.';*
of Catt!( , Hogs, and Plantains, at /rnw/r.f, luKi '1''
Callapago. ; .ind we ftxl on the Turtle ever fiiice, e\ ■,
ing tliole two lall Dayi. Tliis aicidcnt.il Stock ot \\
Food was loiiu^^ Uelrefliment to our Men, .md proliiip
our Stock of European Pio.itions. On the oili, I 1
Lieutenant ClenJall tu view the othi.r Side ot iht Pi
and he told me, on his Rciuin, that it was muJi t
tlian this had fevcr.d fjndy Bays, in which he L:
Tri^t of niaiiy Turtle. lijioii this IntcHi^iei;!. , i
back the Bi»at thithei in the Lvefiiiig, and next Nf r
they laiiie .ilnjurd with a full Load of Turtle, .iiui I
other bthiml them reatly turneil ; and, which wasol
greater C tmli.t|uenee, they found preity :;(.od \N.'
whereas wh.u we li.ul hi;lieito diank was phyi.^ 1!,
purged exeeirively. .\s V.c woudtd, watered, .1 .<■
luflicJ ourf, Ivib With fieili Pk^viIwiis here, and j

chap. I.

Captain W o o d e s Rogers.

1C9

Leagues

Places very little known, I fluil licfcribc them* The put in Kxeciition the Rules wc liad rDrimrly !.uil tlowh for
'lij^P^ls „t 7'm iWi/rwJ lit-- North-weft, in a Range about
tour Uagias alundci. 'I'lic largcft Idanil is the Wtftcr-
luu'.l, wlucli appears to be high double Land, and iiiwiit
tivc Lcai^iiis m Liin!,ih •, the Middle Ifland about three
cs the longcil Way •, and tlie Kallcrmoft fcarce two
Ilnlc an: .JU> highlands, and full of Trees.
Near tiic kail llbnd arc two or tliree fniall, broken, white
inaiuis. One ot tjjc outermoft of thele appeared fo much
like a Slup unJer Sail at a Diftance, that we gave the
uliul Si'.^nal for a Chacc, but foon found our Miftake.
Thtf.- Illanls have abundance of different Sorts of Parrots,
I'livons 15oves, and other Land Birds, of which we
killcii iia'at Nunii)crs, with excellent Hares, but much lefs
than ours : N\ c faw abundance of Ciuanas, and fome Rac-
coons , the latter Iwrked and fnaried at us like Dogs, but
Wire i-alily brat otV with Stit ks. I think tiie Water more
woitliy of Remark, than any thing we law here-, becaule
wc toiiiid liiit two good Springs, which ran down in large
Streams near others, that were very bitter and difagrcealile,
which, I fuppof.', might proceed from Shrubs and Rcxjts
liiat grow in the Water, or from fome Mineral. The
'1 iirilc here are very good, but of a diHVrent Shape from
any 1 liavi. lien i and, though vulgarly there are reckoned
Init three Sorts of Turtle, we have fccn fix or feven dif-
(lurit Sorts .u Itvcral times, and our People have eat of
thtm all, except the very large Whooping or Loggcrheail
Turtle, (^as they are called; tound in Brafit in great Plenty,
and fonic ot thirni above 500 lb. Weight •, we did not eat
tif that Sort, l)ecaul'e then our Provifions were plentiful.
rholi at the Uallafti^os llland'i, both Male and Female, I
iibi>Tvi.\l taiivj alhore in the Day-time, .md not in the
Night, quite different from what I have feen or heard ol
tUL retl. Ml tliat we caught in this Illand, was by turning
tiieni 111 the Night, and were She's, whiihcamc alhore to
lay their I'-i^gs, and bury them in the dry Sand -, one of
th^te hui 800 1-lggs lu its Belly, 1 150 of which were (kinned,
and ready for laying ar once. 1 could not imagine, that
'I'urtle were fix Weeks in hatching, as fome Authors
write, coniidcring die Sun makes the Sand fo very hot
where-evcr thofe Eggs are found, and, inftcad of a Shell,
they have iiotiiing but a very thin Fdm : In order therefore
to be better informed, I ordered fome of our Men on
iliure to watch carefully for one, and fuffer her to lay her
tggs without Dilhirbance, and to take good notice of the
Tune and Place. Accordingly they did fo, and affured
nic, they found the Kggs addled in kfs than twelve 1 lours ;
and, in about twelve Hours more, they had young ones
in them, completely lliaped, and alive : Had we ftaiil a
little longer, 1 might have given mylelf, and others, tho-
ruugii Satistoction in this quick Produftion of Tortoifes :
From wlience I am inclinable to credit the Report of
divcn of our Sailors, who affert, that where they have
found F.ggs in the Sand, and looked for them in three
Days time alter, in rhe fame I'lace, they found nothing
but Film'; : This fliews, that the young ones arc hatched
Within that tune. They affured me alio, that they had
ol)lrr\i(l, more than once, that the young Brood run out
of the Sand every Day, dircilly for the Sea, in great
Numbers, and quicker than the old ones. There was little
Filh .ibout the Shores of this Illand, and of the fame
Sons mentioned at other Places in thefe Seas ; but the
I'lentyot J urtle, at this tune, fupplied that l^fedl : We,
the chief Oificeis, fed delicioully here, being fcarce ever
without Hares, 'i'urtle-doves, Pigeons, and Parrots of
v.irious Sizes and Colours : Many hail white, or red Heads,
with I'ufts of Feathers on their Crowns. We found good
Anchor ground about this miildle Idand, .ind gradual
Soundings, from twenty to four Fathom Water, clofe by
the Shore. Between this and the lealt Illand, 'tis about
the fame Dejith, where wc were : Between them I found
no Shole, but wlut was vifible ; as a Rock off the South-
well Point, and a Shole off the North-call Point of the
Time, with another at a great Diftance from that Point of
the leaft Ifland, but neither runs above half a Mile from
the Shore.

.JO. On the ift of Novmitr wc faw High land, which
proved the Point of California, or that Heailland which
the .Sailors call C.ipe St. Lmaj. it wis now necciTary 10

N I' MB, I 2.

Cruiiing ) as alio to fettle our Regulations about Pluiuler,
and againft Gaming ; which was done on the eleventh.
According to our Agreement, mine was to be the outer-
moft Ship, the Duchefs in the Middle, and the Marquis
next the Land ; the neareft Ship to be fix Leagues at
leaft, and nine at moft, from the Shore •, the Bark to ply
to-and-lro, and carry Advice from Ship to Ship : By thjs
Agreement, we could fprcad fifteen Leagues, and fee any
thing that might pal's us in the Day within twenty Leagues
of the Shore ; and, to prevent the Ships paffing in the
Night, we were to ply to Windward all Day, and drive all
Night. On the 5th of November we changed our Situation,
and the Duchefs was next the Shore, and the Marquis in
the Middle. It gave us great Satisfa(flion, to conflder,
that in this very Place, and about this very Day, Sir
Thomas Candijh took the .\/rt»;7/<j Ship. On the i6tn, we
fent the Bark to look for Water on the Main ; and next
Morning they returned, having feen wild Indians^ who
paddled to them on Bark-logs : They were fearful of
coming near our People at firft, but were foon prevailed
with to accept of a Knife or two, and fome Bays •, for
which they returned two Bladders of Water, a couple of
live Foxes, and a Deer's-fkin. Till now, we thought the
Spaniards had MiHionaries among thefe People •, but they
lieing quite naked, having no Sign of European Commo-
dities, nor the leaft Word of Spanijh, we concluded they
were quite favage. We difpatched the Bark and Boat a
fecond time with Tritles, in hopes to get fome Refrelh-
nicnt from them. On the i Sth, before Sun-fct, we could
perceive our Bark under the Shore 1 and, having little
Wind, flie drove moft Part of the Night, to be near us
in the iViorning : Wc fent our Pinnace, and brought the
Men aboard, who told us, that their new Acquaintance
were grown very familiar, but were the pooreft Wr'rtches
in Nature, and had no manner of Retielhment for us :
They came freely aboard to eat fome of cur Viftuals, and,
by Signs, invited our Men alhore. The Indians fwam
afliore to guide the Bark-logs that our Men were on, there
beinj; too much Sea to land out of our Boat. After they
got laic on fliore, the Indians led each of our Men, betwixt
two of them, up the Bank, where there was an old naked
Gentleman, with a Dcer-lkin fpread on the Ground, on
winch they kneeled before our People, who did the like,
and wiped the Water off their Faces without a Cloth.
Thefe that led them from the Water- fide, took the lame
Care of them for a Quarter of a Mile, and led them very
flowly, tiirough a narrow Pals, to their Huts, where they
found a dull Mufician, rubbing two jagged Sticks arrofs
each other, and humming to it, to divert and welcome
their new Guefts. After thefe Ceremonies were over, our
People fat on the Ground with them, eat broiled F"ifh, and
were attended back in the fame manner, with the Indian
Mufic. The Savages brought a Sample of every thing
they had, except their Women, Children, and Arms,
which we find are not common to Strangers. Their
Knives, made of Sharks Teeth, and a few other of their
Curiofities, our People brought aboard to me, which I
prcferved, to fhew what Shifts may be made. On the
28th in the Afternoon, we heard the Marquis fire a Gun,
which was anfwered by the Ducbefs, who had the middle
Birth. We tacked immediately, and made all poffible
Sail, fupjx)fing they had feen a Stranger. The Marquis
ftooil to us, towards the Shore, and we foon met her :
By four o'Clock I was aboard them, and inquired into the
Caufe of the Alarm •, was furprifed to hear they took us
for the Manilla Ship, and the Gun they fired, was to
alarm the Duchefs to give Chace, as fhe had done all the
Day, though not regarded by us, who knew the Marquis,
anel admired they could miftake the Duke. Immediately
each Ship returned to his Station. Soon after our mairx
Tie gave way, and our main Yard came down at once,
but clid no other Damage. Next Morning we faw the
Bark coming off Shore, where ftie had been becalmed :
Being longer wanting than ufual, wc were afraid they were
cut oil" by the Indians. Wc got our Bale-goods up from
ab-aft, to fee for the Leak ; but all to no Purpofe ; we
found fcveral of the Bales that had received fome Damage,
which wc dried and repacked, and (old what was damaged,
2 \ amviiiS

I 1-4

■3 T I

170

among the Ship's Company. The fame Ni^ht, our I .i-
Earcto-door being broken open, and lofing BrcaJ ;md Siig.u s,
this Morning I ordcrni a Searth, aiul toiind tlu- Ihief. I
blamed die Steward lor his Rcniiirncrs: Mc tt.ld me, he lay
next the Door, with the Key talUncd to his privy I'arts,
bccaufc he had it onie llolen out ot his I'ockii ; I liipiwle
by the (ame Thief, who was lo dexterous iis to ^et it now,
Without difturbing him ; but, not licin^ ingcniuiis enough
to fallen it to the fame Place, he was diliovered: His
Mefs-mate was alio guilty, but, knowing Ins Friends
Brifiol, I was unwillng to punilh him, though, I'ro
vifions being fcarce, it maile the t rime the greater 1 for
we exiwfled no Recruit till we got to the Ettjl Mies. 1 or-
dered the firll to Ix- livircly whipt at thelietiN, and the
other, and a Dulchman, to be .iitirwards left with him in
Irons. On the oth oi Dcc-fHhir, Mr. D«r-(-, tlie Mailer
of the Bark, cimf aboaril, aivl prt tinted me with ibme
Uolphins lie had lioin tin Indians. I ordered our Mailer
to j;o with liini, aiui enklia\our, it polTible, to difcover
the Shore along to tii.' Northward, to Hiul out a better
Harbour than that where the Indians livcii -, ami, it they
mer with t\\v Puihijj, ro tvilCaptam Cov/nrv, 1 thought
it convei-.K-i-.t (cr one ol the Mhips to go into the Bay we
h;kl alieaily liilovercJ, and there to t.ike in Water ;ukI
Wood, isi. lo to ht our Ships by turns, to lave 'I'ime,
and, conlequently, Provifions, which began now 10 grow
flioit with us. We were alto tbniithing dubious ol leeiiig
tlic Mam/ia Ship^, becaule it was near a Month alter the
Time they generally fall in with thisCoaft that we wen-
here cruiling tor them -, but, what embaratled us moll
was, the ImpolTibility of procuring any Intelligence which
might deliver us from this Perplexity. To Ait with
Judgment and Spirit m lb nice a Conjuncture, it was re-
folvcd on the 4th, that the .Marqnis fhouLl go into the
Harbour, in order to reht -, tliat I and th( Duke Ihould
keep the outward Birth, and the Ducbefs remain Ixxween
us and the Shore. It w.is likewifc tixed, that wc Ihould
cruife but eight Days longer in hof^cs of this Mamllu Ship.
On confidcnng our I'rovifions we found the Bread on
board all the Ships, at our prclcnt Ihorr AllowaiKc, for
about levcnty Days at moft. Qy Run to Guam, one ot the
LadroHes, could not polTibiy be^-riormcd in Ids than litty
Days v which, added to the Time we were f.ill to remain
here, made it evident, that, on our Arrival there, wc
(houldhave Bread only for eleven Days : And, even then,
we ran two Haurds -, the lirft, that our Voyage might be
longer, and, in that cafe, our Bread muft fail, before we
arrived at Guam ; the other, that, in cale we had luch a
Remainder ol Bread when vwr came there, it was not
quite certain, that we IhouKi obtain a Supply, Yet, at ail
Events, we were obliged to rcfolve upon this Courle, Ix-
caule It was fimply iin^HjlTiblc lor us to go round by l^ipt
Horn, and lo to the Brajih, w.hcrc we might have fold our
Goods to vail Advantage, and made our Voyage back lo
Great Bntam m much lets Time.

3 1 . The Thoughts ol all thcfc Difficulties naturally maiic
us a little nulaauidy : However, on the 2 ill ol December,
we bore away lor the Port where the Marquis was refitting -,
bur, about nine in the Morning, the Man at the Mall-
head cry'd out, that he !aw a Sail, befides the Ducbefs aiut
Bark, dillant alxjut tVven Leagues from us. We hoilled
our Enfign imnu'liately, .ind bore away alter her i the
Ducbefs did the like ■, but, it falhng calm, 1 ordered the
Pinnace to Ik manned, and fent out, to make what fhe
was. In the mean time, our Ship's Company were
llrangely divided m their Oj mions : Some were very po-
fitive, tlut It was the Marquu come out o! Port ; .-md, to
confirm this, they afleried, that the Sail hati no Fore-top-
nvaft; upon which we rciall-d the Pinnace, put a Cap
aboard her lor ther Marquis, and then lent her away again ,
and by this time it wa-, Noon. All the rell ot the Day we
haii very little Wind, lo that wc ma^te no great Way , and
the Boat not returning, kejit us in a languilhmg Condition,
not being able to determine, whether the Sail was our
Confort the Marquis, or the /Uirpulce Ship. Our Pinnace
was flill in Sight, and we hail nothing to do but to watch
her Motions : We could lee, that Ihc made towards the
Duchtjt'i Pinnace, which rowed to meet her : They lay
logctJier Iwinc lune, and then thcZ)«*//i'i Pinnace went

77;^? VOYAGES of

lU)okl

kick to their Ship, whicli gave us great Hopes. Fn dr.tf
to obtain Ibme Certainty, I ordered Mr. Fry cm Iwaril t
Ducbefs, in oiir Yawl, to know what that Ship wa.i, ,i„(,
to agrei, if Ihc was not the Marquis, how to tng.if^c h,.
As foon as the Yawl was gone, we hoiftcd FrencbLiAisv.^
and Hrcd a Gun, which the Stranger anfwered j and tii;'
in fbme meafurc-, cleared the Doubt. Mr. Fry, howiv i
quickly returned, with the joyful News, th.it tliis »i^
really the Manilla Ship, for which we had waiteil lb luni',
and of feeing which wc now began to defpair fhii
revived all our Courage, and every bcxiy was as aftivf ir
preparing for the Lngagcmenr, as wc couKI ixjITibly (Vfic
1 lie Thoughts of being made at once, difperlid all uu:
melancholy Reflexions on the Shortneis of our Provifio^,,
and our long Run to Guam : We had now nothing in oj-
Heads, but being Mailers of t lie mighty Trcafure on boani
this India Ship \ anil every Moment leemed an Hour, n |
we cain« up with her. Wc agreed the two Pinnaces fh( r;.
tend her all Night, .md keep Ihewing falfe Fires, tlui w-
might know whereabout they and thcChace wirc; jv
if we were fo fortunate as to come up with her totjn.'i.t
we agreed to bcaid her at once. We made a clear S ;'
before Night, hid every thing in Readinefs to eni;.igi|
at Day break, and kept a very goal I.ook-c;ut aH Nn; •
for the Boat's falle F'ircs, which wc faw, and antwend ir .
qnently. At Day -break we law the Chace upon our \\u
ther-bow, alx)ut a League from us, the Ducbejs a-hr,ii ;
her to Leew.ird, near about half as far. Towanls fix c •
Boat came aboard, having kept very ne.ir the Chace al!iV
Night, and received no Damage •, but told us, the Ihdi.
palled by her in the Night, and Ihe fired two Shot at tlitir,
but they returned none. We had no Wind, but got 1-
eight of our Ship's Oars, and rowed .ibovc an I lour ; rhn
there Ipning up a fmall Breeze. 1 onlcreil a large Kau:
of Chocolate to be mailc for our Ship's Company Minmi.
no fpirituous Liquor to give them)} then we wtit "j
Prayers, and, before we had concluiicil, were liilhiibcd h,
the Lnemyi firing n us. They had Barrels hanging a
ciich Yard-arm, that locked like Powder-barrels, to tic •
us from boarding them. Alwut eight o'clock we bgn
to engage her by ourlc Ives ; for the Ducbefs, being to l.r-
ward, and having little Wind, did not come up. Th!
Lnemy fired her Stern<hacc upon us lirll, which wc r;-
turned with our Foie-c.hace fercral times, till we cur-
nearer •, and, when clofe aboard etch other, wc gave hrr
lirvcral Broadfuies, plying our fmall Arms very bnllv;
which they returned as tl^k for awhile, but did not ;.t
their gre.u Guni half fo fa^A we. After fomr time, w;
Ihot a hrtlc a-heail of them, ^ing tliwart her Hawll, dof:
aboard ; and plicil them lb warmly, that Ihe linin (Irmk
fier Colours two-thirds down. By this time th:' Duchj:
came up, arv.l fired abmit five Guns, with a \'o!!cyi>t I'lni
Shot i but the F.nemy, having fubnjittcd, made noKitun.
We lent our Pinnace aboard, and brought the C.iptj':,
with the Officers, away •, ami, having examined th.-,
found there was another Ship come out ol M.miHa wr.
them, ol larger Burden, having alwut forty brals (i ,.:
mounted, and as many Pattererocsj but, they t(j|(! us,
they loft her Company three Months ago, ami retKcr.-l
Die was got to .liiijuico before this time, Ihe failing Wuf.
thanthn Ship. This Piize wascalleii by thefwellmgN,ifr.,*
ol Nejlra ^cnitra de la Inciirnation Difenganio, Si; J-h
I'libteriy Commander •, ftie had twenty Guns, twtiU', !'i
tircroes, and uh Men aboard, whereof nine were k. '. ,
ten wounded, and lever.il blown up with Powder. V.
engaged them aUmt three CilaUcs •, in which tune, W( h:'
only mylelt and another Man wounded. I was Ihot thi\v.,;n
tilt Left Cheek -, i\\- Bullet llmck away great Part u; .,.
upper Jaw, ami fevemi of my Teeth, Part ol wlnrlulM.;
down upon the Deck, where I fell: The otiur, "■.'''
I'oiiell, an Inp Landman, was flightly wounded lii ;..:
Buttock. 'They did us no great D.'magc in oi]rR;gi;i.-i,
but a Shot difablcd our f .len-mall. I w.is foiced to *i •
what I woukl fay, to orevent the Lofs of Blotxl, aiiJ tx
caule of the Pain I fuft'ered by fpcaking. On the :;.io;
Sc['!emver, after wc had put our Ships to rii'hts wt lla-k;
in for the I larbour, which was dillan: alwutlleven Liaj...'
to the North-eafl. Our Surgeons went on board the l':i<:..
to drcfs their wounded Men. About four in the Attcruy

Chap. I.

Captain Woodes Rogers.

»7t

lUt ilid not;:.?

wc cime to an Anchor, and received the Compliments of all
on lxKl^l the Marquis, on our fuddcn and unexptrtcd Siic-
cefs and whicii aflbrded us no fmall vSatislaftion : Wc foimd
that'siiip in good Condition, ready tu fail, and all the Men
on Ixwrii her very brilk, and eager for Aftion. At eight
in the Evening, we had a Confultation on the two gnat
roints i firft, what diould be done with the Hollagcs •, and,
nixi, how we Ihouid adl with rifptft to the other Manilla
Ship, which wc thought there was at lead a great Proba-
bility of our taking, if wc could remain here a little longer.
Wc agreed that it would be bell, fincc wc had good Uea-
fon to believe the llolbges from Guiaquil, and the Com-
mander of the Manilla Ship, who was a French Gentle-
m.in. ''''2- ''"= Chevalier Jean Picblxrti, Brother to the
famous Mr. du CnJ's, to be Men of ftrit'l Honour* to
make the bill Terms poflible, and then let them at Liberty.
As to the other, wc met with greater Difficulty. I was
very deliious of going out with the Duchefs to rruife for
the other Manilla Ship •, but there having been (bme Rc-
flrdions eat^ on account of the Duchefs not engaging uur
lail i'li/e lb loon as it was thought flic mif^ht have done.
Captain fottr/w;' was abfolutcly binr on going out with the
Matftis ; and tiie Odkcrs of both Ships voting for this in
the Committee, my Propolai was over- ruled* and we were
tori'xi to lla> III the Harbour againll our Will. It was,
however, .U!;reeJ, th.ir wt (hould put ten of our bell Hands
oil bounl the Duclf/s, tliat Ihe might be the better able to
attack the .Icapuko Ship, if we law lier \ and, on Cbrijimas-
ne, (he and tlie Marquis failed. As foon as they were
gone, we put Part of the Go<xls aboard the Bark into the
Prize, in ortler to lend away our I'rifoners. 'Ihe Agiee-
nicntwe made with them was this ; As there were Hill 4000
Pieces oi Eight due for the Ranfan of Guiaquil, we
agreed to fell them the ftirk and Cargo for 2000 more j
anil to take the Chevalier Picbl>erii'i Bills, payable in Lon-
don, for the round Sum of 6000 Pieces of Eight \ which
he very readily gave us, and an Acknowledgment under
his Hand, that he thought it a good Bargain. When this
was fettled, we had nothing to look to but our own Secu-
rity, during the fmall time that our Conforts were cruifing ;
and for this wc made the moil prudent Difpofltion we
could.

^2. On Cbrijlmas-day wc polled two Centinels On the
Top of an Hill, from whence they h.id afair View of the
Sea, with Inilru<5lions, whenever thejr faw three Sail
ol Sliips in the Offing, to make three Wafts with their
Colours, tiiat wc might have Time enough to fecurc our
f riibners, and to get out to the Relief of our Conforts j
which iivieed wc exjHrfted, as having certain Intelligence,
tlut this was a much ftronger Ship tTian the other, better
minned, and better provided in all refpcfts j fo that, if Ihe
was carried, it muil prove very hot Work on both Sides,
tor which we were to prepare. On the 26th, in the Af-
ternoon, tlie Ccntries made three Wafts, and we imme-
diately lent tiic Yawl to them for better Satisfaftion, and
found there were tliree Sail out at Sea : Upon which wc
iiillintly put all the Prifoners aboard the Bark, taking
away her Sails, and fetched our Men aboard, leaving only
twenty-two I lands belonging to us aboard the Prize, to
keep, aUill, and look after them. The Prifoners, who were
about 1 70, being fecured aboard our Bark without Arms,
Rudders, Sails, or a Boat, and ntoored near a Mile from
our Prize, a few more of our Men than was fufficient to
give them Viftuals and Drink* might have guarded them
very fafcly ; yet, for the more Security, we left a Lieute-
nant of each Ship, and the above Men well armed, aboard
our Prize, and immediately weighed* in order to go and af-
fift our Conforts to attack the great Ship, when fhc came
in Sight. Captain Dover thought fit to go on board the
Prize, and exchange Ports with one of the Lieutenants
that giurded the Prifoners, and fent him to us in his ftead.
I wasm (b weak a Condition, and my Head and Throat
lo much fwclled, that 1 yer fpake in great Pain, and not
loud enough to be heani at any Dilbuice » fo that aH the reft
of the chief Officers, and our Surgeons, would hKim per-
luaded me to ftay in the Harbour in Safety abofti-d our
Prize. Wc weighed our Anchors, and got under Sail at
feven a Clock \ wc faw Lights feveral times in the Night,
which we took to be our Conforts Boats making Ufe Fires.

In the Morning, at Day-break, we faw three Sail to Wind '
ward of usv but were fo far diilanr, that we could not
make which were our Conforts, and which the Chace, till
•bout nine a Clock, when we faw the Duchefs and Chace
near together, and the Marmis (lahding to them with nil
the Sail Ihe could croud. Wc made wliat Sail we could,
but were to Leeward of them three or four Leagues, and,
having a fiant Wind, made little Way. At Noon, thty
bore .Souih-eall of us, Ix'iiig right to Windward about three
1 .eagues. In the /\fternoon, we faw the Marquis come up
with the Chace, anil engage her pretty briikly j but foon
fell to LecWard out of Cannon-ftiot, and lay a confidera-
ble time, which made us think Ihc Was fomc way or other
difablcd; I ordered the Pinnace to be manned, and fent
awav to her i and, if what wc fufpcfted proved triie, and
we had no Wind to get Up with them before Night, our
Boat might dog the Chace with Signals till the Morning*
that flic inight not efcape us, and the other Ships \ but, be-
fore the Boat could get up with them^ the Marquis made
Sail, and cime up with the Ch.ice -, and both went to it
again brilkly lor four (ilafles and upwards* Then the Ship,
which wc took to be the Dhchefsi fleered S-head to Wind-
ward of the Enemy, I fuppofe to fix her Rigging, or flop
her Leaks. Meiui while the other Ship kept her in Play, till
Ihc bore down again i and each, firing a Broadfide or two,
left off, bicaufe 'iw.is dark. They then bore South of us,
which was right in the Wind's Eye, diftant about two
Leagues : By Midnight we were pretty well up with them,
mid our Boat cime ahoard, having made falfe Firts, which
we anfwered. They had been aboard the Duchefs, and the
Marquis -, and told me, the former had her Fore-maft much
difablcd, and the Ring of an Anchor flioc away, with fe-
veral Men woumleit, ami one killed, having received a
Shot in the Powder-room, and feveral in their upper
Works, but all ifopt ; They engaged the Ship by ttiem-
felves the Night lictore, which was what we took to be the
Boats Lights, being out of the Hearing of the Guns. At
tlut time they could perceive the Enemy was in Difordcr^
her Guns not being all mounted, and confcquently their
Netting deck and Ciofe-quarters unprovided ; fo that had
it been my good Fortune, in the Duit, to accompany the
Duchefs, as I dcfired, wc ail believed wc might then haVc
carried this great Ship j or if they, in the Duchefs, had
thought ot taking mod of the Men out of the Marquis,
who did not fail well enough to come up to their Afliilancc
at firft, they alone, very probably, might have taken her,
by boa' iing at once, before the Spaniards had experienced
' jr '" cngth, being afterwanis fo well provided, as encou-
r?jed them to lie driving, and give us all Opportunity to
board them when wc pleal'ed. Captain Cooke fent me Word,
that the Marquis had fired near all her Shot and Powder •,
but had cfcapcd very wellj both in Marts, Rigging, and
Men. 1 fent fiur Hioat with three Barrels of Powder, and
Shot in Pro|X)rtion, and Lieutenant Fry^ to confult our
Conforts how to engage the Enemy to the beft Advantage
at Break of Day. The Chace had made Signals to our
Ship all the Day and Night, beeaufe flie took us for her
Conforr, which we hail in Polieflion -, and, after it was d.u-k,
had edged away to us •, othcrwifc 1 flioulil not have been up
with her, having very httie Wind, and that againft us. In
the Morning, as foon as it was Day, the Wind vetnng at
once, put our Ship about, and the Chace fired firft upon the
Duchefs, who, by means of the Wind's veering. Was neareft
the Enemy •, flic returned it fmartly •, wc flood as near as
poflible, firing as our tiuns came to bear : But the Duchefs
being by this time thwart the Haws, and firing very fall,
thole Shot that miffed the Enemy, flew from the Dtickcfs
over us, and betwixt our Mafts \ fo th.it we ran the Rifquc
of receiving more Damage iVom them, than from the
Enemy, if we had lain on her Quarters, and crofs her Stern,
as I deligned, while the Enemy lay driving there : This
forced us to lie along-lide, dofe aboard her, where wc
kept firing Round-ftiot, and did not load with .-iny Bar or
Partridge, beeaufe the Ship's Sides were too thick to receive
•ny Damage by it \ and, no Men appearing in Sight, it
would have been t Clog to the Force of our Round-fliot.
35. We kept ck>fe aboard her, and drove as flic did, as
ne«r as poflible : The Enemy kept to their Clofe-quarten j
fo that we did not fire out fmall Arms, till we faW » Maal-

: I ■

.PiS

; sj

■iil, .ij

m-rn

$■■■■' i

i li

I7Z

apju-ar, or a I\iit opri , flicn wc ti .'1 as quick as poiriMc.
'I'hus wc coiiiinucd Im »oiir G!,iiri>, about vsliith titnc wt-
mtivcil a Slmi m tlic Main-ni.ill, which nuich tliUhltil it:
Soon affir, the Dii.ln ami we firing toutthiT, wf lainc
Ku k cldi' umltr tin- I lu'iiiv, and had hkt to have btcii
all al»ard her . to tint w. tould make litilc Vk ui our
tiiHis. 'J hen we till a llerniii our Birth AioDK-rilr, where
tlic l'.ncniy rhrtw a Kirc-ball out of one of lia rop«, which,
lightiii"? u| oi our Cjiurter-dcck, blf w up a t hell ot Arms
ami Cartouih boxes, all loaded, and I'evcral Cartrulgis ot
I'owder in the Steerage -, by winch mciii'i Mr. / anhugh,
our Agent, ami a Dutdoiiiiu, were very much burnt. It
Miiyht have done more l>ima(>e, had it not bcin quenched
loon. After Wc got clear of each other, the Ducbefs Hood
in for the Shore, where l>ic lay braced to, mending her
Rigging, (Ji. The Meirqun tired I'tv.ral Shot, luit to
little l'uri>ore, her Guns being liiull : We were dole aboard
feveral times at lerwards, till at lall wc received a Iccond
Shot in the Main mall, not far from the other, which rent
it milerably, and the Malt lettlcd to it i lb that wc were
atraiJ it would drop by the Hoard ; and, having our Rig-
ging ftutterrd Very much, we lleercd ot;', and brought to,
making a Signal to our fonlorts what to do : In the In-
terim, we got ordinary Filhes tor a Support to the Main-
mail, and taftened it, as well as we could, to femre it at
prrfcnt. Captain C(>miin and Captain Cookt came aix)ard,
with other OlHcers; where we conlidtied the Condition the
three Ships were in, tlieir Malh and Rigging Ix-ing much
damag.d, in a 1'l.icc where we could get no Recruit i that,
it wc eng.i^cd iier again, we coulvl jiropofe to do no more
than what we lud already done, winch was evident did her
no great 1 lurt, luvaiile we could perceive lew of our Siujt
entered her Sides to any I'urpolc •, and our fmall .-Vims
.tvaiitd lets, tl'ere ix-ing not a Man to lie leen Atx)Vt-l>oard ;
i.'iat tiie leall filing in the W'oild would brin;; our Main-
malf, and likewilc the Duibejs\ l-orc-malf, by the Board,
citlrerof which, hy its lall, might carry aw.iy anotlur MatV,
ondthtn welliould lie a pcifeCt But for the 1-neniy, iuving
nothing to command our Ships with ; io that, by his heavy
Guns, he might either link or take us : That, if we went
to lxj;ird ht r, we (liould r'.in a gieat Hazard in lofing a
great many Men, with little I loj^yes ot Succel>, they liavc-
mg ai'ovt trel)le tlie Numlxr alxurd to op|Hjle us j and
there being now, m ail our three Ship?, not above 120
Men tit for Iwariling, and thofe but weak, having been very
lliort or Prov! lions ; lb that, if we h.id boarded her, and
iH.tn torctd oli", or lei' any «>f our Men behind, the tnemv
by (hit imans miglit liavc known our Strength, and then
g(.ne into tlie 1 f.ulxHir, and took roflellion ot tlic I'riie
jn i'piti- ul all we could do to prevent it. Bi fides, our
Ammunition was very Ihort, having only enough to engage
a lew Glalils longer : All this being lerioufly confiderai,
■x.\^ knowing the l>it{iculty we fliould liave to get Malls,
a:iu tiie 1 im; and I'mvilions we mull Ij^-nd before we
toulii get tlicm littcii, We relblvcd to forlx'ar attempting
lier lurthfi, lince our battering her fignifitd little, and we
I .id not Sti'.ngth enough to board her: Tluretorc we agreed
to keep her Company till Night, then to lole her, and make
the bell ot our Way into the I larbour, to li-cure the I'rizc
v/e had alieady taken. NVe engaged hrll and laft alxiut
Icven Houis, during all which tune we luJ, aboard the
Duke, but eleven Men wounded, three ot vhotn were
Icorchcd with Guiniowcler. 1 was again intortunately
wounded m my Lett l-(K)twith a Splinter, juflbttbrcwc blew
up on the Quart'-r-deck •, lo tliat I could not fland, but
lay on my Back in a great deal of Milcry, Part of my
Hetl-bone being llruck out, and al. under my Ancle cut
above halt-through ; which bled very much, and weakened
int, before it coukl Ix; drelTed and Hopped. The Ducbtfi
had alKJUt twenty Men killed and woumled : Three of the
latter, and one of the former, were my Men. The Mar-
quis had none killed or wounded, but two fcorched with
I'owder. The Fncmy's was a brave lofty new Ship, the
Admiral of Mani/.'a, and this the firfl Voyage flic had
nu.le. She was called the yigonia, of about 900 Tons,
jnd (O'.ild carry fixty Guns, about forty of which were
iiiouiiicd with :i<, many Pattcrerocs, all Brali ; her Comple-
ment (it M< II on l)oard, as we were informeti, was above
• •4jo,'t'-f»l<». Pinrn)',ersi tliey added, that i jo of tiie Men

The VOYAGES of

Book [.

on board this gnat Ship wen: Europrans, fcvcral of wlif,ni
had been lormerly Pirntis, and, having now got all tli.ir
Wealth alward, wt re ic Iblved to tlefeml it to the l.i(f. 1 1^
(iiiiiner, wiio h.id a Poll in Alaai/la, was an expert Man
aiui hati provided the .Ship extraordiiuiry well tor Ddcix,'
which made them light lb dcfpcraiely. They had lill, J
up all l)etween the duns with Bales, to lixuie tlu: M,.,
She kcjit a apanijb ll.ig at her Main-top m.ill-head all i'r.'<-
'I'imc the fought us ; Wc fliatttretl hrr Sails and \<\fi.miu
very muih, l)iot her Mizcn yard, killitl two ot her M,,,
out of her 'lops, which was all the Damage we coulj i„
we did them, tho' we could rot pl.ice lefs than ;;, o shot
(S'x-|x»unders) m her 1 lull. Thetc large Shijis aii lim:; ,,
Mami.'ti, with excellent Timber, that will not Iplimcr
they have very thick Sides, muih llronger liian we hm;,;
in Eiiropf. Thus ended our Attempt on the l> ,;g(H ^^/j.
mild Ship; which I have li(ard related lo n.aiy way, j,
lioine, that 1 thought it iifiellary 10 let down a very wr
ticularCircumllance ut it, a*, it llood in my journal. Mjj
wcbcen togcthtr at liiff, and Uiaided her, wc n.i..>!it u-q.
bably have taken thi'; gre.it Fuze; but, alt;r thel.ivmv
had fixed her Netting luik, and Clolcquarteri, tlu y valuti
us very little. I iH-lievr alio we might have burnt lici v,iu
one of our Ships ; but that was obicilcd againll l,y aJj tf,;
Officers, becaufe wc had f loods of Value on bo.ird all cu-
Ships. 'I'he J-.neiny was the better provided for ii'. [^
caule they hail heard at ManiJI.i, from our Enghjh Sitil.-.
mcnis in India, that there were two fmall Ships, littcJ tri.ii
Rnftd, that ilcligncd to attempt foinewhat in the Sumi,
Seas, and that Captain Dumpier was Pilot ; which was tiic
Ri.ilon they hail lo many turopeam aboanl the great .Shn,
moll of whom having, as I faid, tlicir Wealth uhoar!',
they would tight to the iitmoll \ and, having agmii \
pay no Freight tliere, lud filled up all between the Cjim
with Bales, to fecua- the Men. The two Ships were t-i
have joined at Cajx- ^t. Lucas, cxjieding to meet iiv oi
Cajx- Conemr, ut Nair.idaJ. This was a great Dii.p-
pointmer.t to us, and gave, no doubf^ much Reputation!)
them : Indeed they defended themfelves gallantly ; ami, n
all human Probability, would have defended her to the lai!;
and yet, perhaps, they were as much indebted to (J
Sqii.iliblcs as to their own Courage and Conduct ; \Vli:v.i
lliews what Care ought to be taken on board all fuch Wi-
tch, to avoid Difi^tes, which arc always fatal to great Un-
dirtakings, atid fmall ones. \S'e were lenfible ot ;t, wun
it was too late ; Ixitour Senleof it would not rccal wiutwj
pall, nor could it prevent wh.it w.is to come ; fur, inllul
tA lakmg Warning, as realbnable People lh(juld havcde;,,
liy the I-.rteftii ot this grofs Millakc, we, on the contrary,
lutfercd ourfelvcs to be thrown by it into new and grcja
Dilorders, than h.ui hitherto arifen during the \ oyagi-.

34. On January 1. ijio. we returned again intn fur,
and, as we were now determined to make asquick Dilpti.i
asiKjITible in our PafTagc to the Eajl Indies, weimiDediat../
p.irtcd with our Prifoiiers, giving them the Hark, wim
Water and Provifk^w futHcient lor their Voyage to .Uapul.i.
Then we applied ourfelves to littling our own Allans. We
lj)ent our 1 ime to the 7th m refitting, woodintt, ami wa-
tering ; ami very fatisiaCtory it was tor us to fiml as niw^
Bread on iioard the Prize, as, with our old StoCK, ir.:g:;;
lupply us in our long Run to Guam. On tin- ^(i, »:
fitched our three wounded Men from on board the Diuhy.
One ot them, whofe Name was Thmas loung, a // dihmA
lud loft one of his Legs ; another, who was alio a // r^ ;
man, had his Face milerably torn ; and a thirii, wiioi;
Naine was Jobn Gold, was wounded in the Thitjli ; an.:,
belides thtle, there w.is a very honed PortitgueK, uiie /w-
nuel Confuhez, killed. About this time. Captain L^un-
tuj, and liis Otliiers, with thole on board the Miir.jiit.', »v.rr
too willing to comphment Captain Dover with tlu ant
Command of the Pri/.e, which, till now, I thought Iu*mA
not have accepted, his Ports already being alK.v, a
imnder of any of our Prizes ; but I and my Otl. i^ *
againll it, becaule we believed Captain /-rv, orotlu rs, ^v
fitter Perliins to take Charge of her; which we iiiliii:-
Ami Captaiiii Courtney and Coake came to me, win u- : I
agreed to a Paper, tliat was drawn up while wi were 4.1 |
getlier, in fuih a manner, as I thought would have i. '
fiitl every one. Captain durtney carried liits Agreci::

Chap. 1.

Captain Woodes Rogers.

'7.?

to Capuin Devtr to fign it , not tloubting, but all wotiKI
be content with what wc haJ concluded \ yet, to our Sur-
nriit, they fi)cnt the Remains of the Day, and, inftead
ot making Captain Dover comply with it, undid all, and
brought a P-ipcr, which imjjowircd him to be fok- Com-
manrtcr, without the Icaft Rcftraint of not molefting thofe
that Ihould navigate the Ship, but to order tviry thing as
he Ihould think fit. I lent a 1 .tttor to Captain Courliny
this Morning, to know wh it Meafurcs w. re going for-
ward, having heard nothing from him fincc the 7tli Inllant \
and defir^d that there might be no Lofs of Time, but
tlut the Committee might meet onre more, to try if they
would make ul'e of their unbiafled Kcaiijn : They were
tlirn all ab<'iird the Maiquis, where I heard iliey had, fince
our laft Meirinjj, concerted how to frame a I'roteft againll
me, ami my Olfirers of the Committee, which was imme-
diately anfwcrcd by a I'roteft from me, both which were
Hgnrd on the qth. I had always delired, that Captain
n<rjer might be aboaril her •, for, being a confiderable
Owner, wc all agreed he was a very pro|)er Pcrlbn to take
care "t her Cargo, anil to have all Accommodation that
could be made tor him in that Ship, which was of fuch vail
Conlequcnc e to us, and our P'.mployeri. : That, in their In-
ftrucfions to me, they flriiftly char(.;ed inj to ulc the fe-
currft Methods to bring her fafe home, in cafe we fhould
be lb fortunate, ;ts wc now were, to take one of the yha-
piro Ships 1 fo that, after the Protcfts were over on both
Sides, I delired they might alTemble toj^ether, and finally
(Iftrrmine what the Majority wouki agree on, that no
Time might be loft : So all the Council met again on Iward
the BatdeLr, to endeavour an Accommodation. After a
long Debate, they voted Mr. Fry and Mr. Strttten both to
aft in equal Pofts, to take Charge of the navigating the
Ship, tho' under Captain Dover -, but they were not to be
molefted or contradicfleil in their Bufinefs by him, whofe
I)ut)' it was to fie, that nothing fTiouid be done contrary
to till Interert of the Owners, and Ships Companies, in the
Nature of an Agent, almoft in the fame manner I propofed
at tirft ; only he had the Title of chief Captain in that Ship,
which was lo fmall a Difference, where Fitlt s were fo com-
mon, that we all confented to it : And at the fame time
thiy chofc Onictrs, agreeing, that wc fliould put thirty
Men alward her, the Ducbefs twenty-five, and the Marquis
thirteen, which, with thirty-fix Manilla Indians, called
Laf-Ca} , and other I'rifoners we had lefc, made her Com-
plement .iboiit I lo Men. The Majority keeping to their
firft Agnemnit, 1 was obliged to come into it, according
to my Inftriu'lions from our Owners i fo that all our Difter-
cntfi alxjiit fliis Affair wen- .it an End, and we drank to our
liiti- Arriv.d in Great Ihitatn. In the Morning, we put
thirty-hvc g(X)J 1 Kinds alxiard her : The Duchefs and Mar-
qms pi;t no inuie than tluir Slure. The Captains Courtney
and Cooke, and two or three nrore of the Committee, came
to me, where we figncd a Paper for Captain Dover, and the
two Cornn)aiKli.rs, recommending Peace and Tranquillity
amongft tluin ; and that, in cafe of Separation, the Place
of Rcndivvcius was to be Guam, one of the Ladrone IJlands,
where wr deligned to touch. I Ihould have been very un-
willing to have committed all this Difpute to Writing, if I
hail not been fatisli^d, that it was no longer in niy Power
to conceal it; and that, fince it was known in part, I ought,
in Julhce to mylelf, my Friends, and to Truth itfclfV to
give the Whole i which I conceive fo much the inore rea-
fonable, liecaule it may hereafter prove ufiful to Perlbns in
the like Circumftanccs : And, in fo perplexed a Bufinefs as
ours, there is nothing fo ferviccablc as Precedents.

3 ■;. As I have not filled this Work with a Variety of De-
fcriptions, fo, before I quit /imtriea, it may not lie amifs
to give the Reader fome Account of California -, the rather
bccaiile inort of what I relate I was Eyc-witnefs of, and there-
fore It deferves the greater Credit. 1 have heard from the
Spmiards, that fome of their Nation had failed as far betwixt
California and the Main as 42' North Latitude, where,
meeting with ftiole Water, and abundance of Iftands, they
durft not venture any farther ; fo that, if this be true, in all
rroliahihty, it joins to the Continent a little farther to the
Northward : For fhole Water and Iflands arc a general
ign of being near fome Main-land. But the Spaniards,
ivmg more Territories in this Part of the World, than
Numb. 12.

they know how to manage, are not curious after further
Dilirovcries. The Manilla Ships, bound to Aeapuleo, often
make this Coaft in the Latitude 40° North } and I never
lieard of any, that dilcovered it farther to the Northward.
Some old Draughts make it join to the Land of Jcjfo > but
all this being yet undetermined, I fhall not take upon me to
affirm, whether it is an Ifland, or joins to the Continent.
1 he Dutch fay, they formerly took a Spanift) VcfTel in thofb
Seas, which had faileil round California, and found it to be nn
Ifland I but this Account cannot Ik- depended on, and I
chufe to belicvn it joins to the Continent. 'I here is no cer-
tain Account of its Shape or Bigneis ; and, having fcen fo
little of it, I (hall refer the Reader to our common Draughts
for its Situation. What I can fay of it from my own Know-
ledge is, that the land where we were is, for the moft part,
mountainous, barren, and liindy, and had nothing but a few
Shrubs and Hulhis, which produced Fruit and Berries ot le-
veral forts. Our Men, who went in our Bark to view the
Country alx)ut fifteen Leagues to the Northw.ird, fay, it was
there covered with tall 'I'recs. The Spaniards tell us of
feveral good 1 laibtiurs in this Coun ry •, but we found none
of them near this Cape. We frequently faw Smoke in feve-
ral Placis i which made us believe the Inhabitants were
pretty numerous. The Bay, where wc rode, had but very
indifterent Anchoring-ground in deep Water, and is the
worft Recruiting-place we met with fince wc came out.
The Wind, at this Time of the Year generally blowing
over Ijmi, makes it gocxi Riding on the Starboard Side
of the Bay, where you anchor on a Bank, that has from ten
to twenty-five Fathom Water : But the reft of the Bay is
very deep 1 and, near the Rocks, on the Larboard Side,
going in, there b no Ground. During the Time of our
Stay, the Air was ferenc, pleafant, and healthful ; and we
had no ftrong Gales of Wind, very little Rain, but great
Dews fill 1 y Night, when it was very cold. The Natives
wc law here were about 300. They had large Limbs, very
ftrait, tall, and of a much blacker Com(>lixion, than any
other People, that 1 had feen in the South Seas -, their Hair
long, black, and ftrait, which hung down to their Thighs :
The Men ftark-nakid -, and the Women had a Covering
of Leaves over their Privities, or little Clouts madcof Silk-
grals, or the Skins of Birds and Beafts. All of them, that
we lav/, were old, and miferably wrinkled. We fuppofc
they were afraid to let any of their young ones come near
us i but needed not ; For, bcfides the good Order kept
among our Men in that refptd, if we may judge by what
we faw, they could not be very tempting. The Language of
the Natives was as unple.ilant to us, as tht ir Afpeft ; for ic
was very harfti and broad, and they pronounced it fo much
in their Throat, as if their Words had been ready to choak
ihem. I defigned to have brought two of them away with
me, in order to .'lave had fome Account of the Country,
when they had learnt fo much of our Language, as to en-
able them to give it ; but, being fhort of Provilions, I
durft not venture it. Some of them wore Pearls about their
Arms and Necks, having (irll notched it round, and fatUned
it with a String of Silk-gralii 1 for, I fuppofe, they knew
not how to bore them. The Pearls were mixed with lirtle
red Berries, Sticks, and Bits of Shells, which they looked
upon to be lb tine an Ornair-cnt, that, tho' wc had Glafs-
beads of feveral Colours, and other Toys, they would ac-
cept none of them. They coveted nothing we had, but
Knives, and other cutting Inftrunients ■, and were lb honeit,
that they d.d not meddle with our Coopers or Carpenttis
Tcx)ls i lb that, whatever was lejt alhore at Night, we
found in the Morning. We faw notlung like European
Furniture or Utenfils about them. Their Huts were very
low, and made of Branches ot Trees and Reeds ; but not
fufficiently covered to keep out Rain. They had nothing
like Gardens or I'rovifions iibout them. Ihcy fubfifted
chiefly on Fi(h while we were here, which, svith tlie Miler-
ablcnefs of their Huts, that fcemcd only to be made for a
time, made us conclude, they had no fixed Habitation here,
whatever they might have elfewheie; and that this was
their fiftiing Seafon. We faw no Nets or Hooks, but
wooden Inflruments, with which they ftriUc the Fifli very
dextroully, and dive to Admiration. Some of our Sailors
told me, thty faw one of them dive with his Inftrument,
and, whiirt he was under Water, put up his Striker, with
i Y aFiIh

■m

: - ?i

(1 ■

174

m V () Y A (i F. S r>/

l^<H)k 1, ■ Chap. r.

i: M^

i ♦

.1 Tidi on tlic Point of ir, wliith was fukfn oflThy another,
that witrltwl I'y him in a llirklop. '1 hu Rrnlcr may be-
lievf ot rhis what he plcalh » but I pive it the morr Crfdit.
tKcaufc I niyllll threw lomr rully Kniv(s over-lHur.!, oiipur
polr to tiy the Pivrrv who fcldom milTcd ratchmg a Knili-'
Ix toic it fouitt link abovr three or t"iir Fathom ; which I
took to Ik an ex: raonlinary Froot ot thoir Agility. Infteail
ot Brcail, the, ..'k.! a !:ttle blaik S.-eil, which thry Rrmimi
with Stones, anil eat Uy I landliil'. .Stinir of (nir Men thick-
fneti tlieir Broth with it, and laid, ir tailed lomewhat hkc
fortcr. Thcv have Ibmc Rootv thi? cat like Ya:nj i a
fort ot Seeds, iliat j;row in Cods, and talle like green Pcaff \
■\ Berry, which rcleinbles thole ot Ivy, and, being tlricd at
the Fii'e, e.its l.ke jurchtd IVale. Tin y have another, iiki-
a lar^e Currant, with a white tartilh I'ulp, a Stone, and a
Kernel. Thi' Ibit of Fruit they Icein to value much. 'I'hey
have alio a Fruit, wiiich ^rows on the Frickle-pear-trce,
ralle-. like (lOollM-rne*, and makes good S.iiice. I hey hitvi-
many other Seeds m\>\ I'l.uits unknown to us i but I was not
in a Condition to view and tieli rilx- them. They fccm to
have an huntinp Si albn, by the Skins ot Drcr wc law amoiif;
them. T hey p.iiit nuic h KellKCl to one Man, whofc 1 lead
was .iilorned witli Feathers, tiuele up in the Form ot a Cap.
Jn other Rel'^'CCts, they Icemed to have all things in lom-
inon i for, when they exchangetl Filh with us lor old
Knivef, ot wiiiih wc had plenty, they gave the Knives to
any that ftood next i and, alter tluy li.ad cnou^^h, we lould
j;et no Filh ttoni them. They .ippeared to l)c vcrv' idle,
and l.cmcd only to look alter a prelent Subfiftencc, They
oLftrvedour Nlm very attintivily, while they cut Wood,
ami tilled Wat.r •, hut did not lend us an \ land at either,
or indeed in any thing that reiiuirrd hard Labour. I'heir
Arms arc Bows and Arrow, with which they ran Ihoot
Birds tlying. 'J'hiir IJows are al»ut (even Feet lonj;, and
of a tough WcxkI, vmknown to us, with Strings ot Silk-
grafs ; their Arrows alx)Ut tour Feet ant! an half, made ot
Cane, and pointed With lilh-bones, that they Ihajy lor the
I'urjwle. Mod ot tluir Kniv<s, and other cutting Iiillni
inenis, are ma.ie ot Sharks li ( th. I law two or three large
IVarls in tlitir Necklices anil Bracelets ; ami the Spaniards
told me, they had (ji^iannttes ot them from the inner I'art
ot the Ciulpli of Cilifornia, where they liavc Millionaries
planted among them. Our Men told me, tluy law luavy
ihining Stones a!hore, which l(K)ked as it thry i.imc from
fome Mine •, bur t!uy did not mtorni me ot this, till we were
.It S: a ; otiierwile 1 wmild have [nought toir.c e.f ihcm, to
have tried wh.ir Metal could have l)cen extraitlixl out of
them. The Sp.:nu:iiii likewit'e intormed me, that the Coun-
try ingeneial within, on the M.iin land ot Mesico, is pk-a-
fa't, and abounds v.itli Cattle .md Frovilions oi .ill torts.
'I'lie N.itives g;\w vtry taniiliar wiiii us, and canu- Ire-
»iuc.itiy aU:ari!, to vi- w our Ships ; which tiiey mightily
iidmired. Wt l.iw no Boats or Canoes among chrm, or
any Ciait, but Bark-logs which they lleercd with Paddles
a: each F.nd. We gave out ol tlic Natives a Shirt ; but he
loon tore it m I^ircc, and gave it to the reti of hisCom-
jxmy, to 5 ut th'.- Seeds in, winch tliey ufed for Bread, We
liiw no l''.eni';is tor Cookery .imongll tiirm ; ror do I fup-
piikthry h.ivrauy, tor they bury theii Fi!h in m 1 ieap of
Sand, .and ni.ikc a I- ire over it, till tiuy think it fit for eat-
ing. Tlurc wtie in tins Bay ail the Filli ullial in thefe .Seas.
'J he. trtllj Water here is good -, and they have abundaice of
.S.inphiie.. They make a Fire in the Miiklic of tJieir Hur*,
winch .ire vei\ li<w and Imoky. We law no extraordinary
Birds here. I vv.is told by i.ur I'cople, liiat h.id been adiore,
that they obtain I ire, by rubbing two dry Stuks one .igainft
thi: other, as cullom.ir/ amon^ll the wild I/tdt/tnt. The
FIntr.ifice into tlie 1 larbour may Ik- known hy four high
Ro{ks, which !i)..k iike the Needles ot the Ilk- ol //';;;*/,
:is you c(;m'j liom the Wcllward -, the two Well'rm.,ll in
lorm of Suga; -loaves ; tiic innermoll has an Ai>h, hkc a
Bi idge, through which the Sea makes its Way I lerc you
tide l.-a!id-l.jikt tiom K.ifl ly N'orth bai k to the .Southeaft
by lull: Vet it is I ut an .)rdiria.7 Road, it th- Wind

Ihuuld come iliong out ot the- Sea ■, which it never did
...I.:'.. ..... 1... .: I .1.1.1. :. _ 1

' " b "-"■ "• ""- ''>-■• • "I'll." II never 11

while wc lay tiure. 1 jliink it may nor be amils to add

thule Facts, which cannot Ix: I'llputcd, lorn. Conj. ^;iure

that cirrv i;i them i'ri.at JVo!). hJ.te ririd ■! ,.^^. ri..

1 to

•I 1 -—.I ..lures,

...... cirry i;i them f.',ri.at JVoli.bJ.ty, and, il <vrr they

liwu.d b.; dcmymlrated lo be Ccjt.UiUcs, wouul bcattendeii

with very important, and f'> us, fiat inhabit this Nortlicn
I'»rf ot the WorKI, advantageous Confequrnccs. Tiif
have Im-cii many Opinions llartcd alxnit the rcoplm^. ^^
.'/mcnV.j I but that whuh, to me, apjn ars thr moll p^
bable, IS, that its Inhabitants camr hither from -Tflr'j, ,, i,v
that Northern Contimnt, which is fupjioled foioiii'tj
Country to (omr I'irt of /(/la : I liy, to me tlm apj,,,
the moll piobai>le, .md my Rcafoii tor it i, rhii , f,,^,..
the S/mniar.l:, who come hitlur annually from AUi^
or LMconia, i n.- ot the Philippinf l/linds in the /.,,/j /,,,.'."
arc forced to keep in an high I Jtitiulr, for the lUneiit,
the Wcllerly Winds ; and h.ive often IbundiJ, fi,,,, '^
Ground in Latitude 42" North, in ti\er.J I'i.ieis it tj..
Ocean Ivtwixt the ILiifi India and .ImcrKa , winch inav;
me conclude there mull lie more I »»nd, tho' none oft!; .;
as I h.ivc heard ot, ever lav any Continent, till they Lll '-
with Qtiiforma m alxuit jS* or , " North l.atinidc I i,,v
often admin d, that no confidcrable Dilcoveres hivcy
been made in South Latittidc from /Imerint to the /'.;;
Indies. I never heanl the South Ocean has Ut n run -,vr;
by above three or four Navigators, who varied v; ly ;
in their Runs from their Courle, and, by confiqueiu, il.;
not dilcover much. I give this Hint, to encourage „,:
South Sea Company, or others, to go upon lijiiif jii q.
very that Way, where, for aught wc know, tliey ni.iy : r :
a better Country than any yet difcove red, there Ixin^ ,1 vj;
Surlace of the Sea from the F/j!;inox to the North Ini. ,
at leaft 2000 Leagues in Ixingitude, that has hithrrt > v
little regarded, tho' it be agreeable to Reafon, that i
mull be a Boiiy of L.ind about the South Ffde, to uiu-; ■
poife thole vail Countries about the North I'ole. Tubi
fuppofe to l)e the Rralon, why our anticnt CcograplKr,
mentioned a 7rrrd /lujiralis inccgnita, tho* very hitLoi;
has l)cen leen by any-body. The Land near the South IV-
in the South Sea, from Califernia to Japan, is wholly u:.
known, aitlio* tlie old Maps delcribe the Strtiglits ,,t .;•■
tin, and a large Continent, whicii is but iinagin.!", ; in
thr Dulcl' themlelvcs, who now tr.ade to Japan, U\\ ■'..-.
do not yet know, whether it be an Ifland, or joii lo ;..■
Crmiineiit. 1 have now done with Caltfornia, of w:; h'.r
SptiHiards would know very little, but tor thcf.- a: rual \ ;
Ids, that l.ul from Mamll.i to AapuliO. As I have ;;,:>
tiomd 'hefe Ships, I Ihall take Occafion to (i)Ii.rvi, 1,/,
generally Ijicaking, thole that come from Alan-.',',,:, are n.,
richer than oir Fri/c 1 lor (he waited a lung tin-e lur i...
Cltntfe Junks to bring Silk ; wluch rot arrixing, f!ic car-
away with a l argo mixed with abundance of coarl • l>o»:.
Several of the I'ntonen afiund me, that it w,ts a co:: " •
thing for a Manilla Ship t.) he worth 10,000,000 Fiiv s .
F.ight i lb th.it, h.id it not been for fliis Accident, w. .■
taken an extratmiin.iry Fnzc- indeed. Alter my !(•
into Europe, I met, in Holland, with a SailiK, viv.n:.
Ixen on lx>ard the large Ship, when wi- engage,! lur ; i..:
he let us into the Secret, that there was no t.iking her; ..:
thcdiinner kcjif condantly in the I'owdtr-rooni, ikil.ir;:::
th.it he had taken the .Sai ramcnt to blow the Sm^) ':; .
we lv)ar\!rd her ; wliieh made the Men, as nuv 1 1 ;..
jxjfal, exceedingly rrlblute m her IVIem e. I w.is tiV. ir,'
ready to creilit what this Man told me, b-caufe In gv .
regular and (ircum(lanti.a! an .Aicount ol tlie L;ig'.;i'.i;i : ,
as I couki have done from my Journal.

^6. January in. we wii^heil from Port St^urt,
were becalmed under the Shore till tli- i ,'.th in t le \ • '
noon, when rliere fprung a Breeze, which r.in c i i.:
Sight ot the I_.;inil. We t(K<k (Uir Pep.irture IromLip
Lucas, whii h bore Noi th by \a^ , at twelve o'C k .>
Diflance litreen 1 .c.igucs : Wc were forctti to go v.irh k:
or no Retrelhmtnt, having but three or four 1 ow' , .::..
very flciuier .'-toek of I .iquor : Sevcr.i! of our Me.i m:^ .:
a weak Condiuon, l^cfides mylclt, Mr. t'anbruf^i, ai. ^ :
r-ll that were wounded. Wc were tbrc.eV to allow kiv
Found ami an half of Flour, and one fm.all I'l.-cc ■ f Mti:.|
to five .Men in a Mefs, With three Fints of Water a.Mi-
tor twenty-f.iur Flour-;, tor Dunk, an.l lireli'.r.i; i--
ViLtuals. We If ruck down ten of our (iun', into thi lk-.|
to eafe our Ship. On the iCth, tli' P.al.iur ni-i
Sijrnal, to give us fomcBrrnd, ti.cy lnvii.g li.und J g-t"^ ]
(.^u.ii.tity i,t Uread and Sweet moats < ti board her, tut.:'.'.
ol Fitlh-kinJ. We h.ndone thoulaiid Weigh: ot C'."

■i'j

Ch:ip. I-

Qipi din \V o o n E s Roger s.

^7^-

our Sliarf. fl« DiKbtfs ai mudi, :»ml tlir Mttriuii five
|,mK!rnlVV<iRl»tv in lieu of wlikl), wc frnt hark to the
Irii' twoC ilks of 1-lmir, one iit lini^lijl) H<Tt, .iml one of
Polls, fl«7 having but forty-five IVay» I'rovilion* alKunl
,1 Il'lli ''" 'he i6th in tin; Morninp, the Water wat
V rv miKliililiolourctl, «t which bcinp liirptilctl. we ini-
iiv iutrlv lunr"l"l« but found no Ground, WV IjKike with
tW Jh.i'fji' •"'^' iiRrcfJ logo •*"y ^^'•■'^ Soiiilvwiih till
w,- unc inti) the latitude of i <*. Ixciulr our A>ir»/ft I'ilot
tuiii iiH, It wa» dangt-rous goiinj into 14", by re^fon of
llbnds anil Sliol' s wh( 1 c a .sywm_/» Vcflol wa* loll foinr
tinir at'.''. • vrr llnce, the Mnmlla Ship, in her Return Irom
/Ijpu'uo, rues in latitude i <" •, and keep* the I'arrtllcl, till
ti'.cy inakf the Ifland of Guam. On the 18th, tho Stewml
miilint; lome I'leces ot I'ork, we i.mnediatcly Icarchid,
ami loiind the 1 liicves : One ot them had ken g\iilty be-
{dff, and tornivfn, on Protrifc of Anuiulmcnt \ but wan
nmillitd now, left I'orbeanuice ftiouM iimuiragf the uW
to follow tins bad Praftite, Provifions being fo fhort, ami
our Runs •'J lo"gi whicii migjht prove of ill Conliquincc :
1 oriirrcd them to the Main-jeers, and every Man of tlie
Watth tu give them a blow v/ith a Cat ot-niiu-. tail-. \ and
th.ir McLv mates being privy to the Tliclt, were put in
Irons March the nth, wc hail Si(.',ht of Iwth lllaniln, the
Nortlirrmi)ll bearing North North-wil>, dilUnt about
I'evirn LcaRiiis 1 anil the Body ot the Wellernioll \N etl
Soutii-wtrt live Leagues. The Spaniards fay tin re is a
treat Shole between tliel'e Illamls, hut nrareft \oScrfa>i(i.
We rill along the Shore, U-ing liitisrted it wai the lllniid
of (/'«i/w, lioin whence there came leveial flying I'rcK'S to
look at the ShiiK •, they ran hy us vc ry f'wift, but none
wouM venture on l/Oard. At Noon, the Welleriiiort Part
of the lilainl bore Welf ; and, at the lame time, we maile
a low Imall llland, joining to Cuam, with a Shole Iwtwoen
it and (iuam. 1 he Ifland appeared g'ecn, am* very
picjiant ; Off it there runs a Spit of Saml to the South-
want ; but, keeping it a good Hirth from you, its you come
near it, there is no Danger, being gradual Soundings to
tlic Shole. After we were clear of it, we fprung our
Loot, and flixjd in lor tiie Harbour, wliiih lies Midway
betwixt tins and the North Part of tlie Iflaiul. I'her>?
came hravy Flaws of Wind olF Shore, fometimrs for us,
aiid at othi-' times agmnft us ; but we got to an Anchor in
tin- Alt'.! .oon in twelve Fathom Water, a!x>ut halt a Mile
off iilwre, where there was a litile N'lllagr. The finall
llland to tlie 3uuth bore South of us, lullant aUiut tliiee
Lta^jiifs i and another fnnll one to the Northward Iwre
North North-well, akiut two Leagues. The Necelllty ot
our Hopping at tliele Ill;mds to get a Refrrflm'.ent (if I'ro-
vifions was very great, our Se.i-llore l>eiiig alinoll ex-
haiUled 1 and what wc ha 1 left, w.ij s'ery ordiiiaiy, elJK--
cially our Bread and Flour, winch w.is not eiu)u;;h tor
lotirtetn Days, at the (horteft Allowance. In order to
recruit r,uletly, we endeavoured to get linne ot the Natives
;ibuu.\l, that were in the Procs, to keep them a^ I lollages,
in calc of lending any of our Men to thetiovenior. t)ne
of them, as wc were turning into the Fladx)ur with Sf.imjh
Colours, came iiniier our Stern : There were two Sp<nuirJi
in t'lcBo.tt, whii, on our .JTiiring ehem, that we were
Fnimis earne on l)»)ard ; and, luoii altoi, came a MdVage
i'oiii the Ciovcrnor, to whom wc wrote a very relJH'CUul
Lcttir, aid the next D.iy received a civil Anfwer to it,
*:th a yeiierou'. Oli.r ot any thing the llland atlorded ;
; whicii made us very ealV. On the i jth, an Faiteitam
j jmr.r was provided on Ixi.uu the Ihuht'or lor the SpHnij'b
I Gentlcnun.to whuli I was carried, being not able to niove
; mylclt ; but was i.oillcd in a Chair out ol the Ship into
h\KJ!^tcbt!;r, wliere we agreed, tliat a Deputation Dvjuld
jbc I'll'. Irom e.ich Ship to w.iit on the (lovernor with in
thandlume I'rrleiit, in Advnowleilj'.ment tor his (',ieat Ci-
pility, and 'h'- Rt ulmels he exprcllal to fupply us. On
Ithe itli, di'-re was another F.ntertainmeiu on Ixiaid tJK*
Llf<jr»/.', to which I was c.irricd as to the Immeri and,
liiitrr which, a Committee was held, in whuh our tornier
jKefokition was confirmed. On the idih, our I'miU'C
|V'nt with fever. il of our (Jifi. ers to the Cio\. iiuir'.s alhiie,
fc'ho received them with all imaginable I rieiiddup and
V"i'l, having near 200 Men drawn up in Anns at their

fonduft them totheGovernorM[oufe, wlurli w.vi a very
handfoiTie Seat, confidering where we fouml ir. Thry en-
crttainrd them with at Irall fixty Difhes of liveral Sorf,
the Ixll that could l)e got on the llland ; and, when they
took their L/'aven, carli tired a Volley of Small-arms. They
prcfentcd the Governor, according tu wc had agreed, with
two Negro Bf)ys, drelVed in Liveries, twenty Yards of
Icarlet Clotli-lcrge, atid fix Pieces of Camtjrick, which he
lieincd wonderfully pleafed with, and promifcd to afTill ui
in whatever lay in his Power. The very next Day wcgot
our Dividend, l)eing about 60 Hogs, 99 Fowls 7.4
Balkets of Indian Lom^ 14 Bagi of Kkt, 44 Balkets ot
Yam«, and KuoCotoa-nutJ. On the li^tli, there was an
Entertainment aboard us, where wc ha-l mo(^ of ourOlli
cers, and four i^/i»«/KJentlemen from the Governor. I
m.ule them as welcome as I'imc and Place would permir,
diverting them with Mufic, and our Sailors dancing ri;l
Night, when we parted wcll-pleafed on both Sides. W f
got t'omc more Bullocks on board, being fmall lean Cattle,
but what we gladly accepted, lilacli Ship had fourteen in
all. Next Morning each Ship liad two Cows and Calve?
more : Being tlic lalb, we had a Meeting on board the
A/orj*/'/, where it was agreed to make anhandfome Prefint
to the Governor's Deputy, who got our Provilions toge-
ther, wherein he ufed all |X)llible Difpatch. Wc g.ive him,
ami the rcll of the Gentlemen, what they efteemed double
the Value of wlut we received of them i which they cer-
tified under their Hands, and that we had been very civil
to thrm : We alio gave them the like Certificate, figned by
all our Officers, to fhcw to any Englijh that might have
Occafion to recruit there •, and parted very friendly.
Having finilhed that Attair, it was agreed, that we (hould
ftcer from hence a Weft by South Courfe, to go clear of
fome Illands tlut lie in our Way \ and then thouglit it
prosier to fteer direftly for the Soiith-calt Part of Min-
danao, anil from thence the dearert Way to Teriiale. In
the mean time I put an okl Spaniard alhore, called Antonio
liomtj h'i^ucro, whom we tooli in the lirll Bark in the
South Sras, .md kept in order to carry him to Great Bri-
tain, to condemn all our Pii/.ts taken there •, but, he being
now not likely to live, wc agreed to difmils him, he giving
us a Ccrtifuat.', that he law us attack and take levcral
Pri/cs, all Subjects to Philip V. King ot Spain, &c. I
g.ive him fome Clothes, and other Things, to help him in
liisSickncfs \ then put him afhorc to the Deputy Governor,
and the rclf of the Spauijh Officers, who gave us a Certi-
ficate, that they received fuch a Perfon. Tlie Governor
prelinted us with one of their flying Proes or Prows, wliieh
I lliall here defctife, bec.iull- of the Oddncfs of it : The
Spaniards told mc it would run twenty Leagues in an
i lour, which I think exceeds the Truth j bur, by what I
taw, 1 verily believe they may run twenty Miles, or more,
in the Time v for, when they viewed our Shijis, they
palled by us like a Bird flying. Thete I'roes are about
thuty Feet long, two broad, ami about three deep j they
have hut one MalV, which Hands in the Middle, with a
mat Sail, made in the Form of a Ship's Mizen. Ths
Yards are (lung in the Middle, .and a Man fits at each End
to fteer her ; fo tlu: when they go about, t!uy df;n't turn
the Boat as we do, to liring the Wind on the other -Side ;
but only change the Sail, fo that the Jack and Sheet of the
.S,iil are ul'.d alike, and the Boat's Head and Stern are the
fame J only they change them, as Occafion requires, to lad
either W.iy 1 tor they are fo narrow, that thiy could not
Ix'ar any .Sail, were it not for Booms that run out from
the Windward Side, faftened to a large Log, ihapcd like
a Boat, and near half as long, which becomes contiguous
to the Boat : On thefe Booms a Stage is made, above the
Water, on a Level with the Side ot the Bo.it, upon which
they carry (uhkIs or Pafiengers. The i.';rcat,ft (nconv*:-
nicney m lliiling thefe Boats ts before the Wind ; tor, by
the Outlaycr, which is built out on one Side, d tiic Wind
prrlVes any thing heavy on the contrary Side, tlie Boat is
oveilit, which often happm'--. As f.joii ;us t'.\2 Bo.it re-
turned from Lmding Signior Fisucrc, we put under Sail,
h.ivinf? a line Breeze ot W ind at Eail N(!rth eaft. April
I, J., in the Altcnioon, we made Land, wiuch bare Weft
N<>rih-we"t,dil*:ant ahout ten Leap/ies ; and U.ipoted it to

I *

!'. ':}t*i

'" ■^*'Si

-tnB

siiiT^

" il'.'ljH

?*|

111
'i

"in

L.iiKra

1^, and UaOdicers andCkrgy of the lll.ind, 10 Ic the Not th-eall Part oi O'd'cs.

We law tniee Water*
Ipcuts 5

17^

J he V O Y A G 1. S oj

13iH)k I,

; .f

fwnitJ I one of *lucl, l>4il like to havr hrokm on tl.f M»r
«,,/, iHit thi /JKii-z/i, by hriMK twoShiH. Ltokr k hHorc
» rcaclkil her. We law a v<ry Urge 1 r<r iH.ut. wnh a
Multitude of Kith abiHit it. ami iwo UfKc l"-"'*'*- '^'"
Southermoll kariiiH South wrft, tliflant «b.rtit tight
League*, and tlic ^3(>rthrmu>ll VVrtt North-wilt. lc»eii
leagues, hothb lilt; the Umo l-in<l wi law thr D.iy lK»"re i
■ind the latter wc ihcn lunx>l'ii «" ^ «'"^ •'^»"'' '^••'' ' "'
of A/»r4/«i and the ..tlur. tlie North I'art ot U'lo'.o. n
thM ConditicMi wr luilf.! till f.wardj the latt-r l-nd o( ih.-
M.mtli, with thuadditKMul Wxation, that our Sliip was
lo leaky, that it wa* is much o-i lour Men were able to.U,
to keep her Irec halt an I lour. Ljpt.un lUmptty diKoii
raged \\s very inuih: He had Uen twice hen, and thirr
lore what he lai.l amongll tiie Seamen, luJUd witlujut
Dilpufc i and he iaul it down as a thing uitain, that it wi
roiild not reaih7>r«w/c, oi find the lllawl ot /«'*. it was
iiniM.lllbIc lor m to fi.t any Kttr.lhintnt, there Lx ing no-
thing to U' met with on the Coall of Stw Cmnty. I licrc
w,ie, in the invm time, t;reat I leart hurnings on boonl
all the Ships ..liout the Kaluction ol oor Allowaiue. (o
tlut we weft ob.ii'ed toiularg.: it again ; lo httle is K<alu)
jbh- to |HeV4il aj^aiiift Hunger. We 1, M lieqiicnt Loii
lu.iatiuns, lut to very httle l'ui|<ili ; ami, ttuni^/.h wr
laileii the lx-1l Part of" tiie Month of Muy rhrou(ji tir
Strcif',fu,s ot yru> Gmney, yet we were able to iiblerve no-
thii'g worth nuniionint;, extcj* tliat it is moll eriram.
tiiclt Illaiids. wimh are Itattcied through the StMghti,
and lew oriwneol wlmli are }>eoplctl. woulil all ol tlum
ficar Spiee, and aHord immenle Riches to this Nation, it
they were tettlod. It may, initced, be oliicCti li i lliat,
troin tlu Aciouiit I luve given ol the Difficulty of this
I'aflaye, no great iMKouragcmcnt i.nn arilc to the fixing
Colonies or i'ant..tioiis th( re : But to tl.is I anfwcr » That
this Diiliculty arilcs intirrly from the VSanr ot proper
C'liait.s, tor till Directum ol lurh as tail in thole Sear ;
ami thefe nn^ht certainly be very loon provided, it Imh
Settlement lamc oikc to bo confulered xs a national Lon-
rern. 'I'lu' ('.illage, othermile, is not either ditficult or
lUrgerous : But, when Men art at a I ^fs how to rteer,
are Ihort ot I'rovifions in leaky Stups, and eh)^'gal with
great Cargoes, they may ha\ c many Healons ui coinplain,
whiili. With goexi Man.igrment, might never l)ctal any ot
the VdlLls employed mlcttling thole Illands. On the iSth
of A/f?v, we juflicd bctwi-cn the High- land of Sevu(imn,i
aiKi the Lowland of (Jtlolo : .And, on ttic 2c)th, we made
another iiigh Iflaml, wluch wc took to be Veram j and
Captain Dampur inclined to ihink our Conjc(f\urc wai
riglu.

^7. On \L>y i^. hc\n^ in the I.atitiule of the liland o(
Bouro, we exj>tctnl to make that Land, which is atx)ut
twenty L-iagucs to the SouTh-wetl ot Ordw, and near the
lame Dillante, 111 a Parallel, with .hnb«yna, which we Ue-
ligntd to have touched at, if the Wind hail {irovtd fa-
vourable : But, a', the South-eail Monlooti wai now let
in, w<- were out ot hoixrs of reaching it \ and, notwitii
llanding the Skill ot Captain Dumfntr, we were ft. 11 very
doulitiul, whether the liland wc palfed by lait, was Ctram
or Bcure. By an ObtervatiDii wc nadatNt»on, it appeantl,
that wc wrre in 4^ ;o -Soutli Latitude, and 2^y' 2i> 1-on-
gitude Well from Lcndcn. As wc were now in the I^a-
utudc of the South-.rn Fart of Bouro, wc imputetl tnir not
lecing if, to the Currents letting us to the Wellward ot 1 .
1 he next Day, wc came to a Retblutiun not to Ipind any
more Time m leanhing tor Bouro , as alio to drop our De
lign ot going to Jmioyna, and to make tlie fxll of our
Way for the Strcights of Houion -, where, if wc arrived
I'afcly, we might get I'rovifions lufficicnt to c.irry us to
Hatavia. In purluance of this Agrecmi ni, wc haled
away South well Ijy .South for them, luvini; a trclh dale
of Wind at F-ifl -, but, by two in the Morning, wc til
^n with a Parcel of Illands to the Eaflward of bouton ; and
tttd certainly been afhorc on one of them, had not the
Weather cleared up at once. We made a ftiift, and wore :
The Ships then (\ood off" North-eart from the i^id nil
Day-break, when wc faw it trcmling trom South by Eail,
to South-weft by South, about fix Leagues Diftance, which
made a fine large Bay \ frnt, as we flood 111, wc |)crceived
an Opening, and that there were two Mauds, with three

lying thwart the Outlet to the Southward of Wa\\ \\
fioilUd out tun I'innaie, and lent li«r aihorr , the /h,./,
did the lame, Itom whentr they brought oH' lume to^ ^
nuts, of whKh cheie were Plenty there v and toklm. 1 ,,
wrre MaUnM InlubitoHfs, wlio termed to be viryfrH,.!,
lip the H.iy wc t.iw leveral Moats, Holies, and aluiiuli
of tlie lutive Malayant walking along the Shore ; \\
lint in iHir HimUs lor Provilkmi aiul Pik)t», m\K\ n'p\\ j,,
the \Ur^ms tiinud upvcry mar tothc Town i hot, t.Miid
ing |tvri.il time., hmnd notjrouiul. The Natives mlLtnji
us thtre ssas a Bank, opp:>lite to tlw Tuwii, *hrre <
nnnht anchor Abundance ol People tame off with l%.
dian NNhrat, Lot <»a nuts Vams, hrtatoea, Pa| as. II, ,,
and (tvrrul Itirts ot BinU, to truck with ui tor Lloath,,
Knives, ScifVars, and other Toys, Iwing very civil t„ ,'
Ap|icaraiii.e. Ilxy arc MohammfJaHs, of a nmJ.lli st^
tiire, ami tawny , Init the Women arc tomewhat i!j„,
than tin Men; Iwvuig very long black I lair, tluirM.n ■,
Lips. Noies Imall , they wear a Linen Wailftoat, •.0,„
rcatliis imly to ilu lower Part of their Breads i ami i,^
their WaiU a Piece of Ctoth, three or four Yards »i;,,
and a Yard tUrp, whKh they wrap about ttiv.n, mlha.!
a 1'ettKO.K. I he Men that came off wrre all nak ',
having only a Ckrth rollctl about their Midille, id un
wlut ought to lx- 1 tome of the bittcf fort of IVopI ,,:
a li«)lc fort ot Waillcoat, and a Piece t>f Linrii m,,
alxjut their Heads, with a Cap of Palm tree leave ,
kef p the Sun from Icorching, They brotighi oft" ln.n
Cicafixs and Parrots, very fine Birds. Along the .N'i„r'
liilr, we law leveral Wcirs tljcy had tocatdifiili |
turning up, we found the Current very (lrt>ng a|;aini( .,
and the Pri/c loll dround confidcrably \ wherelnn, iikK
|-.vfning, the/Jxifoyi firedaCium we ran out,aiiiliir(ivi i
Night. I he Names of tlwlc two Idands arc CimL:;) ix
fPtinJhm: Ihele Iflands lie in latitude .V ij, Limcitnlj
i^8 Well from ItHikin. Wc llotKl from thole llloml 1,
tlie Wellward, and ran along-lliurc, as near as » iit,;il,
tii weather the WclUnnoft I'oint of I^nd, wheie vi i
pccied to Imd au Hailiour \ but, as wc ncand it, Im;;
long i racl ol Highland, trending to the Southw.n :
t.ir us Souih-well and by South : Wc agreed in Oyv. •
1 lut was the liland Bouton, but that we l»a I overllm! : -
•"^tifights. Wi made S.ul to fee it wc could dilii.va jt
I .ami farther to the Soiithwartl \ but, findin^^ nune, *>

failed on, kieping the Wind as near as imfllble, U,

ol the C utient, which lets ftrong to the Soutli-well Bv
two aCkxk in the Morning, wc were near a Iniall l;li >:,
that bore South South well of iw about two Lcagiiis, '"■■.
hiiving dear Weather, wc IhxKl from it till DayL.K
there being no other I ,and n; ar it that we law, i X( 1 p ■ j;
wc came trom, which we hail ofK-ned five I'oints tiri -;
to the Wdiward. I was unwilling to aft any loni^ei *[r,
out the Conlent of the Committee : So the major I'art .'
us met aboard the Diuhtfs, where we agreed to ll.iml (vi.i
and make theljnd pla:n, loas to lie fully fati'tieii w!ui :
.vas, and ssithal to find a Recruit of Water and Wood, >
Ion- wi priR reded any farther, being in want ot every th, f
being the.T in St)Uth 1 atitudc 5* ^o , I .ongitude 2 ;S )'■ \^
from I//H,ii.n. In purfuance of^ this Agieement, wi' l' <
back the next Day, .ini\ mailc little or no Sail all N.^ '
In till Morning, we had very fine clear Weather, ami :i i
the I Jnd excieding plain, whii h was very hif',h. * '
inamls under it. It looked moll of it as it inlul'it' ,
mg pretty thiik (if Woixl, and prumiliiig us, iiiciiv.v"
flKTCls, Plenty ot Kelrelhments v but our Misfortui.i »
tlut we could not meet here wiih any (iround tli.it w%-
lioki our Anihors , and, the next Day, the l)mi<'j:,\\~^
ingovcr to the cth.r .Side ot the Bay, had no bctt.i ! :
tune, but was t<.ried to return, without anihonn;;, 1-'
a:^ain. A litrle Ixtore Ihccamc Ixiik, our BfiU, w!ik »'
had lent on llion, returned; the I'eople on board hi'"'
by Prclent*,, eng.tged fome ot the Mala^am to cuini
lioard with them \ in which they certainly juilgeii ug^"-
tho' wc could make no iMc of their Intillii^cnce tor i>i'' |
ol an Interpreter : 1 lent to the BauMor, >sho lu^l "
but Captain Dover refulird to let him come to mt. "■
withllaiiding he had no Uti: for him : 'Ihcn Ifuiialaoii I
time, that fmight know the beft Anchoring piau i"f' - 1
Ships, and treated the People witli Swc'tm .•ats, and uti'' I

ih: ' '

water near us 1 Ihi

?e.irs 111 St.uc, has :

chap. T.

dipt ii ill W o o D n s R o fi I k s.

«77

I liiiiw ih'Y '*"'•»>'» *"" f""'*' "'*• '**•"!' them, or Icml
,!,,.„, jUnril «lir S4/.W' r in limrc her, (inrR wliifr Sholt •
»,!((! iHMi ui 1 Itit tluy iMlU'l l>y us iiul4ti>;cr nl iiiiinmn
,,n tlir .Sli<)l''>, nor kiMiwmj; tlu Ixll AmhoridK pl.Ui' lor
wiiK oi tlu' I.iiir.iiiK, I 1(1 (.iriullly ilil'iml to im(lir(l.tnil
lilt l/.(/."."«/ tli.it li.ul MOW lilt 11%. At |i.irtiM(7, flity inaile
.Siuiu, .iii'l jHiinti I tu tin- l-irul to the Northwanl, wliiili
rhey I'lll"' /'«»'«». ^'"'' !'''"*• fiipum Ihimpitr, layn hf
luU).riil'in)vily thriiiiuli tlic Str-i^liti ; an I, iii his Hook,
filh UM't a I'owM, ni-.tr the Sourli I'ait ol ihcin, where
tlu' KirR rrliilcil i biit he kmw iiotli n;^ u\ it now, except
tlif I'ttit Si'iry Upon thi", we agr. nl to liiul one <it the
Piim«ii> .iiul th- l.ingiiill aloDR with him, to hiul out tlic
I'owii, U iij} williii'' to vfiiturt hiin to w.iit on his Ma-
jrily 111 Kiti{; of l!vHl:», to Ibhcit lor a Supply ol I'ro
vilioti', lur wliuh wc lumlil nUlly p.iy ; and, to nuke
the Uttir .\|ii)caraiue, wc liiit Mr. / iiniruxl' Mu\ Mi. Can
Htlj aliinj; vmh liim. 1 he Water I'.owh hue alwve filii i n
I (Tt. I li'ie are I'laies near to the 'l'n\»n, wlmli lie to tlu;
N.rtliw.ikl fix l,eagik», troin wli. n<e we rwie, wliere a
Sliij) nii|',lit, on Uaafion, lie laiil alhure t«) n lit i ami wc
ii^D.i ii»v> lanuil ihi- Dukf thitiur to (lop lur l.iak, litft
wae iiut williiiR to lole I ime, limi we louml it Jul not in
male moie than one rimipcoiiKl vent, whiiii we hail Mm
. iKiu^h I" ktip KMitihuilly Roin«

iS Un til'-' 3 itli, in the Mornini;, a I'row came iVotn

(li; King, will) a Nohlfman on lH)aril, who hail neither

^!^ats imr M(Kkiiin'. ■, aiul .i I'llot to t.irry us up to Town.

lilt till (^Hiillion this /«r//</« la)ril .ilkiil, altir he can\c

111 hii. , w.is, I low Wc ihirll lonie to an Anchor there,

witi'iotit l.'.ivi hill liail ami oln.iiiv. J ol the ^re.it Kiii^ ot

Hsiitm: 1 1 brouj'j.t e* h Comni.ui It r a I'lcce ol lloiitcH

lhi|/eiH.li)[!i, a B«Jiile <i\ Arraik, lorn'* Kice in Uiskets,

iTi, AS a I'nlcni Iiomi the King i as alloaLuter trom the

Oiliais Wf hail liut afliore, fjiving .m Aceount, that they

liitl IwiJii very well lecuveiU and that tin- I'own where

ihc Kiii(; relkleil, is laij>r, walled, anil lortilied, and Iiils le-

vual {;rc.it (iuns : Aii'ither Prifent was returned, and hve

Wiin-. liriil liy every Shij), at the MelVenger's Roing oft', at

H'nirh h • fiemed very well pical'ed. We woovled imi wa-

tefiii at tlu: liland 6unipa, and I'everal I'lowi came oil" to

iiswitli luttl, lnJiun Lum, I'ompions, I'.ipa.s, Lemons,

Ca.'«.;v L.iiii, (Ji: whitli tluytruiked fur Knives, .SciU'ars,

old i. liMilis, (jc. The I'l oplo were civil, Imt lold very

(le.ir 1 ya o'.;r Offiicis nuking a long r Stay at the Town

th.iii vva.s i.ti'mtid, wc Ix-g.in to lulpicl they were detained,

thi)le A/fj;j !xi;ig very tie.uherous : However, we heard

horn thvin every Day-, and, on yum r,. tlie Ducbeji's

riniiarc eani,' down with Mr. Lonelty, who told us, there

[ W'.ic four Lads ot Kiee coining, whu h w.is liought of the

.King, a;ul o-il 6ou DolLir-;, 50 l^ollars in 'I'ale being al-

knved to Miake up the Weight, becaii ''r Royals were

jlitiht 1 .uid that Mr. l'anbru>:^b wa.s dct.in I lur the I'ay-

mini. rill iK:tt Mormnj^ it tame, ami w.w equally dillri-

hirul aiiiung ihc four Ships ; ibme j^ieai Men (oming to

' l.vu ir, and receive the Money : A Por:u^u<fe, fint by

li'u Kir^;, w.s ditaiiied till tun Boat nturneil, and I'rovi-

iliui.s litL'an to come more jilentilully, and cheaper. 1 he

iToAii i-i llcutoH isliated on the Afceiit ol an I liHi on the

I'iop whiieof i.<i a Lort mcloled with an old Stone Wall,

un whith then are (iiiiis and I'amreroes iiioiintai. The

Ciiiy, an<^ ujiilidir.ib: Nuniber ol People, live in the

Ifaivl I'ort, where an Hub-market is kept every iJ.iy. Ihc

tiiipkii live Wives, belides CmicuI lines, and lour Men,

wllni Pury Bfljf.u, who carry great L'ane.s, with Silver

1 leaih, to iiLiiiaiv their Affairs. I lis Maiefly, on his long

iLitk I lair, wears a I'ort ot green ( iaule, llrewed with

Biungles ; gocN always bate-tooted and bare-Ugged •, is

Itmii (m.es I laJ like a lliiLh Skip|Kr •, but, when he ap-

iJe.r;. Ill St.itc, h.is a long Calico (iown over his fliort

l'iil<et. In Ci,u;;iil, he (its on a Chair covered with red

- ii'li i :s always atrtmlcd by a Serjeant .ind li.x Men, with

Miuii-loel.s ; belides three others, one of which wears a

tliU- piece, and cairii's a large Scimiter in his 1 laiid ; an-

^tl. r Iioids a Shield 1 .ind tin; third a great I'an. I'our Slaves

■ -1 lu, leet, one ol" ihein holding his Hetele-box, an-

piir a l.;4litid M.itcli, another his Box to linoke, and a

Biiith Ins Spitting-balon. I he petty Kings and great Men

pt on his I .elt i land, and before him •, every one attended

Ne;.:u. XIIl.

by 4 Slave in the Couiiil-eluiiilKr, where :1m y chew To-
Uicio, anil chfw H trie, m rh- KiiigN IVelenui ami fpcak
to hiiM (iiiing erolsl. g:vd, joining their Hinds and
lilliiig (hem up to their I .,ie!»pad. | h ■ I'own of RtuhH
is viry populou* , .ukI ly it run» a liiie"Uivcr, vshith,they
lay, (oiiiit down tiom ten MiIm up the Country, ebbi and
flows loiilidir-blv, ar.d lun a B.ir at the F.ntrai.ce i fothat
Boat! cannot i yni< <»ur at 1 .ow-water. At leatl 1 soo Boan
l>. long to till- Uivir, (iliy whereof arc I'rowj for War,
lariying l'at^cr^^^s Jud I ,ity or (iliy Muieach. About
litty lll.nds arc tiiUitary lu the Kin|j, who (ir.ds (ianc of
his I'lows, ome a Year, lo gather in the Tnbute, which
tonhltsot Slaves, each Il'ai.il giving htm ten InhabitaMU
out ot every huiidred. 'J here is one Molque at BciH'ck,
which isfujipriedvMtii I'riells from Miiui, the I'lople being
MvhimuKiliiii', lluy are great .Aumirers ol Miil'u v
their I loulis .re built upon I'olls j Duul'MnKy is 1 ur-
lent lure, .nmi SpMuJh I)oll.n«. Un the i;th, cur I'lnnaie
returned, with Mr. I uiii'iii^h, ami .til our Men, havin;^
parted very friendly wiili his M.ijifty, but toukl not get a
I'ilot lor ^lonly ; IIo\v( va, we rUiilvid to ll.iy no lunger,
itn.! (o tiull wholly to Almighty I'tovuknce Inr yur lutiire
I'retervation. We ilirmillid the /'»>.. v^j^oi-;. l.iiiguilV, and
Ixg.in to unmoor our Ships. The n. xt Day, wc made
tliree lllaiid. to the Noifliv .iid ol Ziiliiyir ; ;tii'l the l/Mm\-
iiig of other land to th" Wcftwanl ut all W'lich, we UK)k
to be the .Southermoll i'art of Celelies, (Jn the loth, our
I'innaces i;uiie u,) with thi. fm.dl Vt Ifcl v who told them,
they were bound for MmnjJ.ir, a Dulih caiflory, on the
South I'art of (',clfb(s. The I'liinacc t<jok the Mailer of
heron Ixiard, who promifcd to pilot us, not only through
the Stieights of y.tilayfr, but to Butavia, it we would keep
itlctict, for fear of the Dutib. Me fent his Vellel to lie
in the narrower I'allligc, Ix'iween th" liL.n-is, -.ill linjh time
as our Shijis came up. .About four a Clock we eiit.rcd the
Streiglit, Ixtwixt the Ill.inds ilut are next to /.aliiyer, and
another little one to the Northward of that, being the mid-
dkinofl ot the three 1 having found a gootl Pad'age, three
Leagues over, all deep VN'.iter, llecring through North-
well by Well, to give the Latboard IllanJs a good Birth;
then we made the Southermoll Part of Cclibes. The fame
Morning, the Pilot promilid to carry us through the Cha-
nel the great DuUb Shijis generally went for Biil.rjia, iinJ
by th.it means avoid the Sholes, called the BriU .md Bunker'
groiinJ. The Bn/! his very uneven Soundings •, and, in
many I'l.ices, but tliree lathoin Water, and lels : So we
haled away to the Northward, keeping the Illand Celebes
aboard, the South- will Part ot which trends away in J.ow-
land, with liigh Mountains at the Bai k of it ■, and oft-' the
Point there lies a Kotk, pretty high and remarkable. At
four o' Llock we came in to Sounding, and had ten Fa-
thom -, the hill call the Kock otT"-, the -South-well Point
bore then North, diftant abuut hx Leagues -, and we had
an Illand a- head of us, from North well by Well, to
North North-well, being low and level, about three Leagues
long, and near the lame Ditlaiice trom the Main : As
we entered, it grew nariower ; wc Hemmed with the
North Pait of the Illand, till we came within a League and
half of it 1 then lleered North a little, to weather a Spit
of Sand lying oil" the Illand, by which means we opened
three fmall Ke)s; after we were clear ot the Shole, we
haled up .ibout Itven, and came to an Anchor under the
Illand, Iv hind tlie Spit ot Land, in ten fathom Water,
very good clean Ciroiind. 'Ihe Rock of Celti'CS then bore
North-eall by North four Leagues, the Northernioft of
the Keys two Leagues, and the middlein')(l Well South-
well three Leagues ; 'I'iie other beinj', flnit in with the long
Illat;d, we kept the Land going all the Way conlbmdy
thro' i .md had never lei's than fix bathom, nor more thaji
ten : As loon as it was Day, we weighed, and went betwixt
tlie two fmall Keys, keepingr.cartll the Northermoll Sound-
ing all the Way, and h.id no more than ten Fat.hom. The
Water Hill deepening, being clear ot them, we h.iled away
Well, and then South-well, having a hefli (Jalc at South-
caft, and Scuth-eall anil by F.all ; no I and in Sight at
Noon, but Part of the High-land at Cdflvs, which bore
l''..ilt, diftant about twelve Leagues. It was very well for
us that wc met with this Pilot ; for, having no good
Charts, nor any one acqu.iinted with thofc Seas, we had
I Z ruiz

^51'

L * f-"

FfLiiiJi

m'M

178

7^^ V O Y A G E S o/

Book I. H Chap. I.

i .;!>

■) !

run greater Hazards. Oii the 14th, wc ran by the Wand
Madura, wliicli is about four Leagues long, lying F^ft and
WelV, on the North Side ol Java, the J^and we made m
the Morning being the North eall Part of \t\ which, agree-
ing with the Pilot^s Knowledge, made us the more certain.
On the 17th, wc made the High-land ofChtrihn, which
bore South-weft. In the Morning, we faw a great Ship
right a-hcod -, and, being very eager to hear News, I font
our Pinnace aboard, to know what the was. She proved
a Duicb Siiip, about 600 Ton, and fifty Guns, belonging
to Balavia, and was plying to fome of the DiUcb Faftones
for Timber. Tiuy tokl us, that it was thirty DWfZi Leagues
from hence to fiato'.ia ; but no Danger. We borrowetl a
l;u-gc Draught, which was very ufcfui to us, and left them
at Anchor. Towarxis Noon we made the Land, being very
low i but had gradually Soundings, by which we were fatif-
fied in the Nij-ht how to fail by the Sand. In the After-
noon, wc faw the Ships in the Road c( Batavia, betwixt
tliirty and forty Sail, great and fmall •, and got happily to
Anchor jufl after Sun-fct, betwixt fix and feven Fathom
Water, at the iong-dcfired Port of Batavia, in Latitude 6"
10 South, Longitude 252° 51' Well from Ijindon. By
our Reckoning here, we altered our Account of Time,
having, as b cuftomary, loft almoll one Day in running
VVefl lb far rouml the (ilobe. When wc came in Sight of
BiUawa, and el'ijecially after fome Sloops had been aboard
us, I found, that, alter failing fo long with them, I was
ablblutcly a Strangir to the Humours of our People. A
tiw Days befori-, tliey were perpetually quarrelling and
iangling •, a difputed Title to a Lump of Sugu would have
treated a Tumult, which could have been laid by nothing,
but the Profpedl of a fmall Dram : But now there was no-
thing but hugging and (haking by the Hand, and blelTing
their Stars, and queftioning if there was fach a Paradifr upon
Larth -, and all this bctaufe they had Arrack for Fight-
prncc a Gallon, and Sugar at a Peny a Pound : The next
Minute all together by the Ears again, about who fliould put
the Ingredients together \ for, the Weather being hot, and
the Materials exceirivrly cheap, Labour wa^ now become a
very conliderable Thing.

39. Wt anchored here in five Fathom Water, the
Ground fo foft ami oufy, that the Anchor finks above a
Fathom , fo that it cannot foul : And therefore Ships always
ride ftngle. The Town bore &)Uth hy taft, diflant a Mile
and an halt \ and the Illand OHrtfi Iwre North-weft by
North, diftant two Leagues and an half. At this Ifland the
Dutch clean and careen all their Ships, and luve two Wind-
mds on it to faw Timber. They hale their Ships along
the Side of a Wharf, where there are two Cranes to dil-
chargc them, and Storehoufes to lay up the Goods. The
Dutbt/s fired thirteen Guns to filutc the Duub Flag ; but,
it being Night, he liid not anlwer : Yet the next Morning
ht fent his Boat aboard, to beg my Pardon for that Omil-
fion, vs'hich he would then repair. Soon after, the Ditke
hred thirteen Guns ; and the Dutch Flag anfwered both our
Ships Gun tor Gun. Between twelve and one, two Eng-
Itjh Gentlemen came aboard us, the one Captain of an tng-
t:jb Ship, there (xmg three and a Slooji in the Road, all
belonging to M.uirafs. All of us, who were Commanders,
went afhorc, and lamfed at Bemb Key, whence we proceedcti
to the Shabandcr, who conducted us to tlie CafHe lieforc
/thraham van Riheck, liencral of India, who received us very
tivilly ; hut wa?. very inquilitivc, and fhcwtd vifibly an Iii-
tt-ntion to tind lomc Pr<-trnce for denying us what we afked,
and had Occafion for. To fatrfy him effrftually, and pre-
vent all Difpiires, we not only fhcwcd him our Commif-
(lons, which, in Fai^i, was all he had a Right to demand ;
but we likcwifc gratified him with an Fjttradt of our Journal
and Frorecvlings, that he mifiht U- convinced, that we had
acled fairly, and done nothmjj;, but what was jullified by
our ComniifIi:;ns. After all, wc were forced to bear, not
only with ins liau|i^hty Airs, and tlie natural Slownefs of
Dutch Councils, b^it with many other difagrceal)le Circum-
flanres, that fhcwcd us plainly, we owed little, if any thing,
to Fnend'hip cjt Good-will. Soon after our Arrival at Ba
tavia, wc went about fitting the Marquis , but, being firft
ordered u}v)n the Careen, the Shabander having; allowed us
fcvcrai .V/,;.',;;da Laukcrs, whet; v/c < ame down to the Bends,
wr found dieiii, as well .li tiic Stem and Stcrn-i^ft, ^^

much worm-«atcn and rotten, the Ship being very oW, and
having only a fingle Bottom, that we ordered a Survey ot
Carpenters to view her, who all agreed, there wa.i no fitting
her in that Place for going about the Cajic of Good Hopi^
her Condition being extraordinary bad > which ol)lig(d ul
to hire a Veflel to ukc out her Lading. Then we applied
ourfelves to fitting of the other Ships -, but could not, ^
any rate, obtain Leave of the Government to repair to tic
Iflc of OHreft ; but were albwcd to go to tlu; low (m\\
Ifland Htn, which is near the other, inhabited by a fiw
Malayan Fifliermen : And on it was abundance ol Ctxoa
luirs. Plantain, ftpa, Guava, and other Frwit-trds. Th,:
Government allowed us a finall Veflel of that fort they ra);
Cbampans, to careen our Ships by. We then hove cIovm
the Duke and Duchefs, and founil their Sheathing alio viry
much worm-eaten in fome Places, 'i'he Ducbefs, in heav-
ing down, fprung her F ore-inaft •, but we foon got anothtr
And the Duie, after careening, was ftill leaky. The Ak,--
quis took in all the Lading of the otilcr Ships, and '-.a
aboard on the Off-fide, to relieve the other Ships when i;
th': Careen. When the Ships were fitted, wc return-
i^\n to Batavia Road, where we rigged the three, a J
fbkl the Marquis, after taking out all the Goods, and n:)-
of the Stores, to Ciptain Opie and Captain Oldham. 1 u.
all the Officers and Men were diftributed among the 1 tir;
Ships, except one Dutchman, who ran away . Th: \\
thcr was extiemc hot during our Stay. Many Oriiccn. .; .;
M< ri fell fick •, and I was one of the Number. Thi' M
ftcr ot the Duit, the Gunner of the Ducbefs, and levci J
oui Men, died of the Flux. John Read, a young Ma
belonging to the Ducbefs, venturing to fwim, liad both k\
Legs fnappcd off by a Shark, which, at the fecond Bitt,
before wc could get him on board, took off the Bottom c;
his Belly -, fo that he was dead before we could rake him up
During our Suy, we had the Liberty of the Town and
Markets, to buy what we pleafed ; yet found it very dilE-
cult to get fait Provifions, and were therefore obligd to
kill feveral Bullocks, and prckle the Flcfh, taking mH
the Bones, Arrack, Rice, and Fowls, were chiap ; si
Beef not above two Stivers a Pound. Several £»///^Shn
arrived here at this time j as the Rtcbejter and Sprm^tr for
Cbtua, Captain Opte in a feparate Stock-fliip j anJ oihm
of thofe Parts. The Bay is fcldom without fome large D»,.i
Veflels, driving a great Trade from thence to all the Cuui;-
tnes round about. There are various Defcriptions ut m
famous City in all Languages •, fb that I might wdl dif-
penfe with a DelcTiptkMi of it here : But, as what I have to
fay regards Time as well as Place, and may fcrve to c xhibs
a PiAure of the State of Things at that particular Jimctjrr,
I flatter myfelf, tlut the following fuccintl Account «J
not be found either ufelefs or diliigrceable . ihi City of
Batavta lies on the North-weft Side of the famous lllindol'
Java, in tlie Latitude of 5° 50' South. The Va\\ and Wrf
Winds blow all the Year along the Shore, beliiii s the ore
nary Land and Sea-winds, which exceedingly coo! the .if, I
and make it plealant % otherwilc it wouW be intolerably hoi
Tlieir Summer begins in May, with continual Br(Tzc', froin
the Faft, and a very cfcar Sky, till the latter l.nd nt O.i;
ber, or Beginning of Novemier, when the Winter bcgn I
with hard Rains, which hold fometimes three or tour Dm \
without IntcrmilTion. In December the Weft Wi.l!? i':
very violently •, fo tlut there is little Trade on l|t C >art a |
Java. In February the Weather is changeable, with fiii
den 1 hundcr-ftorms. In March they begin to liiw. V I
is their plealanteft Month. In Septewher tliey pathtr
their Sugar and Rkre. And, xwOtloher, they luvc i't;:T|
of Fruit and Flowers, Plants and Herbs of moll
There b a large, fenny, plain Countiy before tlie (. v
this is exceedingly well improved by the Dtit.h : Ar . ^'I
the VjA\, it is very full of Wncxl and Moraflrs. Ihf (;7|
IS kjuare, with a River running tliro' it, ami toriinr J ''
ftroog Wall, and twenty-two Boftions. About tr: > -^1
part, there was an Fjrthquakc, which ovcrturnal P-t
the Mountains in the Country, and altered the C'sri' 'j
the River , fb that the Canals in and alxjut Iliiavut a :cr«l
near fo conimociious »:. tiny have been, nor the TiirBCJ
into the River f> deep •, and, for w.uit of a llioxCirralj
of Water to keep it open, they .ire torer 1 to eiiii'loy li-l!!
Liiginc to prcfavc the .Mouth ot the Kivcr ;.a-. i^ail-.

::itti|

''i I

i.. M

chap. I.

Captain Woodes Rogers.

119

thefe Privileges arc allowed only to fiich Ch'mefe as inhabit
here \ for otliers are not permitted to ftay above fix Months
in the Town, or on the Illand J»va. TJie other Strangers,
befidcs Europeans, are Malayans, with fome from moft
Parts of India. The Javanrfe, or andent Narives, are nu-
merous, and faid tu be barbarous and proud, of a dark Co-
lour, and flat Faces, tliin, Ihort, black Hair, large Eye-
brows and Checks. The Men are ftrong-limbed •, but the
Women are fmall. The former have a Wrapper of Calico
three or four times round their Bodies •, and the latter from
their Arm-pits to their Knees. The Men have two or three
Wives, beiides Conciibiiifs •, and the Dulc/:> fay, they are
much addi(5led to lying and ftcaling. Thofe on the Coaft
are generally Mobammeihns •, but the others Pagans. The
Women are not fo tawny as the Men, and many of riiem
liiuidfome 5 bur, in general, amorous, and unfaithful to

fmall Vefiels to come into the Canals of the City. It lies

in a Bay in which there arc feventcen or eighteen Iflandi,

which fo break off the Sea, that, tho* the Road is very krgc,

vet it is fate- '!"''« ^anks of the Canals through ilie City

are faced with Stone on both Sidei, as far as the Boom,

which is (hut up every Nigiit at nine o'clock, and guarded

bv SoidicR. There arc Chanek cut out ot the main River

tor imalier Vcffcli j and every Boom pays Toll. All the

Streets run in iUait Lines, moft of them being above thirty

Feet broad on each Side, clear of the Chanels, and paved

next the Hoults with Bricks. All the Streets are very well

built and inhabited, fifteen of which haveChaneUi and they

reikon fifty-lix Bridges on them, moll of them of Stone.

'Jhe Country-feats and Buildings round the City are gene-
rally niat and well-con tri veil, with handfome Gardens for

fruit and Flowers, Fountains, and Statues. The vaft

ftiantitiesof Cocoa-nut-trees every-where afford delightful their Huibands, being very apt to give Poifon, which they

Cirovts. They have fine Structures here ; jparticularly the do very cunningly. 'I'he 'I'own is very populous ; but not

Ciols Church, built of Stone, and the Infide very neat. One-fixth of them Dutch. The Chinefe here go all barc-

Thero are two or three Cliurches for the Dutch, and two headed, with their Hair rolled up, and long Gowns, car-
rying F.ms in their Hands. The /)«/fi& fay, they are more
induftrious, and acute in Trade, than thcmfelvcs. Tiie
Difcipline and Order of the Dutch here, both in Civil and
Military Affairs, is truly admirable. Tlity have ;ill the
Ncccffaries for building and careening Sliips, as well as in
Europe -, and their Officers as regular as in Jiis Majefty's
Yards ; whereas we have nothing like it in India. Tluy
keep the Natives very much in Awe, being pcrfedliy dc-
Ipotic in their Government ; becaufe, they fay, the Natives
are naturally fo treacherous, that they are obliged to piinifh
them feverely for fmall Faults : But they are more trnder
to the Chinefe, becaufe of the great Trade they have by
their Means ; and that they pay great Rents for their Siiops,
bcfides large Taxes \ and from i6 to ^o per Cent, for Mo-
ney, which they frequently borrow of the Dutch. I was
told 'there are here about 80,000, who pay the Dutch a
Dolkr a Head each Month, for Liberty to wear their Hair,
which they are not allowetl to wear at home, fince they
were conquered by the Tartars. There come hither from
China fourteen or fixteen large Junks yearly, being fiat-
bottomed Vcffels, from 3 to 500 Tons Burden. The Mer-
chants come along with their Goods, which are lodged in
different Partitions in the Veffels, like Warehoufes, for
which they pay a certain Price, and not for the ^Veight or
Meafure of the Cargo, as wc do -, fo they fill them with
what they pleafc. They come in withan Eafterly Monfoon,
and generally arrive in November or December, and return
the Beginning of June ; fo that the Dutch have all Chinefe
Commodities brought to them, cheaper than they can fetch
them: And, being conveniently fituated for the Spice-trade,
they have all in their own Hands. Batavia wants no Com-
modities that India affords. They have feldom lefs than
twenty Sail of Ships at Java, from thirty to fifty and fixty
Guns each, with Men enough for them on all Occafions-,
fo that they might eafily ilrivc us out of moft Parts, if not
all India, mould we ever have an unfortunate War with
them. Their Soldiers are very well trained, and there is a
Company always on Duty at every Gate of the City and
Citadel \ and they have 7 or 8000 difciplined Europeans
in and about the City, who can be aflembled and ready for
Aftion at a very (hort Warning. It is the Metropolis of
their Indian Settlements, and fends Governors e.nd Officers
to all the reft. The late General, before wt- came hither,
had War with the Indians, which, I was informed, had
like to have fpoiled their Settlements ; but, at la(t, they di-
vided the Natives amongft themlelves, brought them to a
Peace on advantageous Conditions, and are now pretty fe-
cure of the Sea-coafts. There are many pleafant Seats about
the City , and the adjacent Country .abounds with Ric e.
Sugar-cane -fields. Gardens, and Orchards, Mills for Sugar,
Corn, and Gunpowilcr -, fotliat this is one f)f the plealantett
Cities in the Wodd. 1 do not think it (o large as Brijlol ;
but it is more jxjpulous. They have Schools for Latin,
Greek, &c. and a Printing-hmife. They have lately begun
to plant Coffee here, which lhri\'es very well ; fo that, in
a little time, they m^ be abk to hud a Ship or two : But
I am told, it is not (o good as that in .Irabia.

40. On the 17th otO^/'"^''''' we ai rived at the Watering-
place on the Main* kMring faiL'd from Batavia on the 14th.

i)T the Portngueft Proteftants, wlio are a mixt fort of Peo
jle. I'here is one Church alfo for the Protcftant Malayans.
The Town-houfe is built of Brick, in a Square, about the
teiitte of the City, two Stories high, and very finely built }
where all Courts are held, and all Matters relating to the
Civil Government of the City arc determined ; and the Se-
nators And Direftors of the Military Affairs meet. There is
an inner Court, inclofcd with an high Wall, and a double
Row ot Stone Pillars, where the Officers of Juftice live.
Here are Hofpitals, Spin-houles, and Rafphoufes, the liimc
as in .-imficrdam, with all other public Builiiings, equal to
mod Cities in Europe. The Chinefe have alio a large Ho-
ipital ill this City tor their aged and fick Peiiba"^ ; and ma-
nage their Charity fo well, that you never fee a ChinefethM
looks defpicable in the Street. The Dutch Women have
greater Privileges in India, than in Iloliand, or any-whcre
I tife 1 lor, on fl^ht Occafions, they arc divorced from their
I Hulf ands, and fharc the FJlatc betwixt them. A Lawyer
[told inc at Batavia, he has known, out of fifty-eight
I Caufes all depending in the Council-chamber, fifty-two of
I th Ti were Divorces. Great Numbers of the Natives, who
[are Cnminals, are chained by Pairs, and kept at hard La-
jbour, under a Guard, perpetually clearing the Chaneb and
j Moats round the City, or any other Work for the Public.
{ Three Leagues Weft from the I'own is the Kland Onreft,
jwheie all the Company's Ships arc refitteil. There arc
JMagazinesot naval Stores, defended by Platforms of Guns.
[And die Caftle at Batavia is quadrangular, lies in a Level,
ind has four Baftioiis ami Curtains, faced with white Stones,
nd provided with Watch-houfcs. In this Caftle, or rather
[Citadel, the Dutch Governor General, and moft of the
|Wenibers of the Council of India, with the other Officers
of batavia, have their Refidence. The Governor's Palace
Li of Brici<, large and well-built. In this Palace is the
L.'«urcil-rhamber, the Secretary's Ofticc, and Chamber of
\ccoiint«. The (ieiural's Hall is hung with bright Ar-
nour, Enligns, Flags, i^c. taken by the Dutch here. The
jovrrnor gives Audienee to Strangers, who arc introduced
) him by the Shabander, who is C'ommiffioner of the Cu-
Homs. The Garifcn on IDuty is generally about jooo
tronj; ; and all the Outworks arc faiii to W furnilhcd with
Provilions, as well as c.in be \ but the Solelie-rs are kept
nueh uiKJer, except the Governor's Guards, who hive large
Pnvileges, and make a fine Appearance. The Governor
ucneral lives in as great Splendor as a King : He has a
irain and (iuard 1 112. a I roop of Horfe, .and a Company
! I'liot, with Halbards, in Liveiies of yellow Sattin, richly
domed with Silver-lace iind Fringes, to attend his Coach,
ihcr. he gots al>rc).id. The Gviaixls are as well equippeil
I thole (it moft Princes in Europe. His Lady has alio her
|uarilsand Tnin. He is cliolen but for three Years, out
the twenty-lour Counfellois, culled Rads #/ India, twelve
fwhom nuill always relieie in the City. The Chtnejc have
■ gieatell Trade here, farm molt of the Lxcife and Cuf-
nis. live^ieeonling to their own Laws, and are allowtxl their
LuiDiis W'orlhiii -, mi\ have a Chiet, that manages their
5a::s with the t'ompany, who allows them great Privi-
>•'., .uul partiailarly a Rcprefentativc in Council, who has
»'"»•, when anv ot the i.'hinel'e are tried itr Lite. But

' llj

W,i

1 80

Tk VOYAGES of

Cook I.

J j

On tlij I qth, at two lii tlje Afternoon, wc came to an
Anchor with our bfil Bower, in a Biy about a Leaj^uc to
the VVellward of Java Head, in fifteen Fathom Water,
oufy Ground, about a Mile from the Shore ; fent our Pin-
nace for W atcr, and then our Sail-maker, Wooilcrs, Csff .
Captain Ptke., and Mr. Btock^ came in « Boat from Ba-
tttvia, the tirft of them, chiefly, -ftcr his Stcwani, who,
I fuppofe, had conceale<1 iumfclf, unknown to moil ot us,
aboard the Batcbtlor. In the f.vening. Captain Pike lent
us his Boat and Men ■, we put into her levcral of our Men,
with Arm.> and Provifions from each Ship -, and ftnt her
away to Pepper Rny^ to buy Fowls, anil other frefli Pro-
viiions, giving tlicm tor that Purpofc Knives, and other
Toys, which the Natives there value above Money. In
the F'.vtnuig wt had much Thunder, Lightning, and
Rain, wliich put us in Fear lor the Men fent to Pepper Bay ;
continued wooduig and w.itering till the 28th, and fent
ftv;r.ii Men alhoro to kiii ButFaloe?, which being ex-
tremely wild, they could ilicot none, and durll not ftay
.illiorc at Night, by realbn of the m.iny I'ygers : One ol
them wa.s very mar fiizin;; a Man ot ours, who, to lave
himltlf, wa.^ oblig; d to take the Water ; at l.all twenty
Shots were made at the I'yger befoa- he went o?i, and
diey fiiw levcral others at tin lame time. The /WmnKing,
;uiii his People, dealt Iriendly with us, trucking Fowls, and
wlut elfc they had to (jiare, tor Knives, and the like.
They generally came alx)ard every IJay, and, we giving
thc-ni fome J'nt'.e at parting, they Aeie kind to our Men
aiherc. 'ihe Wind being tommonly at South call, and a
tirelii Gale, we were under fome Apjirehenlions for our
Men fent to buy 1 owls in Pepper Bay, having heard no-
thing (it tin m liiKc their Departure, and miftnifling the
Bo.it nugl-.t Ik: ov(rrct, or the Mi-n detained by the Javans.
But, on the 2 uh in the F^vening, the Boat returned, to
our great .Satislaenion, with the Men, bringing about
twelve Dozen el Fowl, fome Mangoes, i^c. CapUin Pike'i
Stew,»rd can-.e on board the Ducbefs, hoping we would
conctaJ him ; but was immediately fent on board the Bat-
cb.hr to his Commander, who gladly received, and [iro-
niiled to pardon him. On the .28th oi December, Mr.
"jama Waj'e, our chief Surgeon, died ; and we bur;ed him
decently tlie next Day, with our Naval Ceremonies, as
ufu.i!, being a viry lioncft uielul Man, a go<xl .Surgeon,
and bred up at Uyitn, in the Stuvly ot Phyfu , xs well .is
Surgery. We made l-md the i jth of Dei ember, came
in witii the Shore tiie iSth, and !ia»l .Sounding in Ou and
70 Fathom, the (iround greygret with fmall Stones and
Shells -, had a ftrong Southerly t urrent. South l^titutie ^4°
2', Longuiide 3^4- 34 Wift from Leiuion. 'Ihe lame
I>ay we hatl very hard F'iaws of Wind off the High land,
till we came With:n Sight of the 1. ion's Heail and Rump,
two Hill- over th.- Cafe Tcm-h ; and this Day we arrived in
the 1 {aib< ur (4 the Cape, faluieii the Dutiblun with nine
C-uns, ai.d W(re .'iiifweied by liven. We anchored in fix
F.iilu;m Water, aixiut a .Mile oil Shore, and (oi.nd only
mcIv.gUJh Sliip, lallal t\\L Dcne^al, Captain C.'.f Com-
mander, honv.v.ard-bouiut from Moebc, ami two MtdJie-
Liirghcn, outward-boiiml lor Balavia, in the Harlxjt.T,
iKhdes the GuaiJ-lhip, and tv,o or three (Jalliots. On
the 2qt!i, We miwicd tiur Sliip, and got down our Yards
atui Top-mall, to guar,! .igainU the [u.-d Maws of Wind
oil the rabi; land, wh.ih tnquently blow very frelli Ix-
iwixt F:.i11 South-iail and .South-cill. We fent fixteen
fick .Men afhoir. On the ill ot February, I offered lome
Pro,>oUls, 111 Wtiiing, to Laptams Dner and Courses,
witJi tlie rell ot the Commiitee ; wlieiein 1 told them, 'it
was my Opinion, we lliould lofe t(X) mmh lime to ll.iy
for the /J«/.i Meet, i.i order to have the Bcnelit ol her
f onvoy to llmiand -, which would not only lu- out ot our
Way, hut very tedious .ind chargeable ■, and we having
large (^u.in:ii|..s of dcciju-g {joo<!s on U,ard, the Time
we lliould lofe by waitii.g for the DuUb, might be ad-
v-mtageoully .niployed in Br^.\ where we c.nil.i he iti
N-cry little-Danger <;l th< l-.ncmy, and vend them at great
Kates and thcncc f.-et t;. nrijioi thiougli the North Chanel,
having the Summer tx-torc us, continuing in the latitude
ot .:; or ;0% two or three liundred l<cague» IHore wr
got tlic Uiigth ot tlie North ot Irt/.mi i and by that
mean , mi^ht avoid t.'ie Fr.ici of tii«iyscmy. learnellly

preffed, that, if they could not agree to this, one ofo •
Privateers might take this alone, anil the otii t kern w^i
the Batcbelor and Dtitih F'lett. But the Majority w '
againit any thing but going home with the Dtilcb licet i '
together i fo that all 1 could do more, was to rvir-'
them of examining the GockIs aboard the Batehdny it,
to take cut of her lb much (iotjds in late PackaJc
would lie in the like lioom of European Gotxlr., on ui
the Ducbefs; that, if any Accident fliould h.ipjv;i tu il^.
Batcbeler, we might h.ive J'art of her Value in atiDth
Bottom. I dcfired, if any amongtl them were ni,t 01 tli>;
Oninion, they would give their Reafons to the coiitr.iiT h
Writing; but we could agree on nothing. On /p,,/ .^
at D.-iy-l)a-ak, the Flag hoilled a blue I'.nlign, hxjiiii t'.
Foretop-fail, and tiitxl a tiun, as a Signal to unmior
As we were heaving in our Cable, it rubbed againlh^j
Oakani, which hail got into the F.eak, and occalioned t^i
Ship to Ik- as leaky again as ever, llic having been imiii
ent tight tor lome time, and we were in hoixs it v.i,.,:
have continued. AU)ut Noon I came aboard vi r\ tr,
and in no better I lealtli than I w.is when I went tirll .ill> .i]
at vur Arrival here: Prefently after I wentat(),m!ti
M.ig, theie being a Sifvul maile for all die EfighjhLuj!
manders. Wc had belore received our Orders which wt»
very particular, and to Ix punctually oblcrved. Ate.n ,«,,-
in the Afternoon, the Flag, Vice, aixi Rcar-.ie m.ri
weighed with I'art of the Fleet, and fell down to ko;2
or Penguin Ifland, where they lay for tixe rctV ot the .Shiir
On the 6th, in the Afternoon, we all weighed from f'n.
gum Ifland, being fixteen Dutch, and nine Eng!tjh Sin-
having a line froth Breeze at South Sou;h-eaih 1 ■
CajK- of CW Hope has been fo often dclcrihed, tha; h,
not think it neccflary to detain the Reader with anv A:-
count ot it here. 'I'here happened nothing rcmarkallf,,
our \'oyage till June /;. wlien the Admiral maik- a S15 -j
tor all the Englijb Commanders, and 1 )i. of tfie i)y;i
Skippers, to come on board i where v- ;. . txc-..-

lent tntertainmcnt ; and the gooil Hr u^i . . t; /j^^
Adnural liwn made all the Company undc, : ...choifc
without a Linguilt, tho' we had much ado to get one k
lirll meeting : Wc parted before the Sun let, and ha^l i:;:;
Day. The ihth, bung got into tlu- L.uituiie ct ;i'
North, we had thick foggy We.ither ; lb that thi fij;
tired two Guivs every Halt-hour, and each Ship ar.iw.rt":
with one. This continued feveral Days, which ro:;l:iiT,-,'
a great deal of Powder ; but, by the Noife ot the ( .i:n., ■
was ealy to keep Company, tho* fometimes lo thict> 1 •
feveral I loiiri, tnat we could not fee thrt e Ships Ltngt,u 1
On July 14. we law two Sliij)s in the Atternoon-, cncti'
which we l}>oke with, l<ing a Dane, Ixjund lor /r.'iu,
file informed us ot the Di<t,b Men of War that weu .r;;
mg for us of[iibel!anJ, ;bcing ten .Sail) whom we |jw;«
or live Days ago, and reckoned hcrfcif now alxnitton)
1 .cagues liom the i .aiul. Wc had Soundirg tiien in livm
Fathom Water, brown gravelly (iround. 1 \ul\ iad'.ial
to fend the Owners a Copy ot my Letten tn m tlu tw
of Gccd Hope ; and to Kt th(m know, that wewtrt k«
got lo I.U- l.ile toward.s the Com lulion of a taliguingVoj'at
111 tlie Morning, we made Pair IJland, and /■:';(.' &
lying off ol .Sbetlami. Prellntly after wc taw tlu Mrr.
War; but, having little Wind, at:d tlu y a gou'.U.T
dillaiit Ironi eaih other, we could juin tjutcnc U ihrmKl
Noon. J he luxt Day ail the iVUn of W.ir ioinauJ
except one or two, witji the lillimg-doggers vUmhui-;
cruiling otT to the North-ealt ot Shetland. Alti'r niutull
.S.dutation5, Ujth by the EHx,lijh and the Duttb .ship, i«|
ol the Men ot War was lent out to fee for the iii:lii!||
Ships. 'Ihe lahabitants ot thole Illands camcalx).ml»nl
what Provihons they lud, being very jxxir Peopic, «l|
iubfitl moll by I idling. On the 17th, 1 wrof.- a llnftj
l.ctier lo the Owners in general, by a ,V,-«;i Filhirt ixrfl
K-longiiig to Sbeilarkl, ailviling them of our idimii^iif
M( n ol War who are ordered with the Fleet to the '■■■■■
where we hoixd to meet an LMglifij Convoy. 1 iir.
/«ii/<j Adnural, though but a Coinp.iny'sShip, u ;- -
Magi givis Signals .uid Orders to the lUiith M ' i "■
whiih IS not lulVtied among the Eng'.ilh ; .ii;>i, : "
whole Kun fiom tlie Cajie, k(pt an exait Diiisiu '
the Fleet, not lufl'ering any ot the Commam'ns tu ;

m-m

Chap. I. Captain VVoodes Roger

l8i

tha; ! i

10 •■
\\\\\ ■-'■ ■■•'

hail.''-.' :" '

out of the Ships to vlfit each other at Sea wirhbut a Signql,
or Uavc. On the 13d, the Weather being cloC, the
Coinmodore macic a Signal about ten o'Cloclc for fccing
LaiKJ i prefentiy ail the Fleet anfwcred him with their
Colour's. The Pilot-boats coming off aboard the Ships,
we raited with the Rotterdam and Middleburgb Ships, inoft
of tlie Men of War going with them to fee them fafc in.
The Flag, and all the Englijh Ships, faluted the Com-
moilore, and afterwards we faluted tlie Flag, to weJcome
him in Sight of Holland -, and, as foon as they were got
over the Baf. the Dutchmen fired at their fafe Arrival in
tlicir own Country, which they very affeftionately called
Fatkrland. About eight at Night we all came fafe to
Anchor in fix Fathom Water, about two Miles off Shore;
On the 24th m the Morning, the Dutch Flag weighed, in
oaicr to go up to the unlivering Place : As he paffed by
us, we gave him three Huzzas, and nine Guns, In the
Atternoon 1 went up to Amjierdam, where we had Letters
from our Owners, to direc't us how to aft, and proceed
from hence. On the 28th, the Englijb Eajl India Ships
ii*l Orders to be in Keodinefs for failing with the firft
Butch Convoy for London. We got fome Provifions
iiboard iroin .imfterdam on the jotli. When I came aboard,
on the ill oi yhiguft, by Content of our Council, we dif-
rharged what Men we ihipped at Batavia and the Cape,
and afterwards went away trom /imfterdam. On the 4th,
the Ducbefs and Batchelor went up to the Road calkii the
Vlitltr, beipg a better Road than the Texel. In tiic Even-
ing, we had News of fome of our Owners being at the
Hildar : Mr. Pope went to wait upon them, and, in the
Morning, came aboard with them : After a Ihort Stay,
they went for the Ducbefs and Bat.belor, dcfigning thet.ce
for /bi^erdiuit. We welcomed them with fifteen Guns at
their coming and going. The Engltib Eaft India Ships,
find others, bound for England, weighed with the Dutch
Convoy the fame Day, having a fine Gale at North-eaft. On
the 6th, we wcigh'd from the Textt, and went up to our
Conforo, it being by a particular Order from the Owners,
tor our better Security, being obliged to wait here, fearing
the India Company would be troublefome, although we
had dealt lor noilung but Neccffarics in India. In order to
obviate this, and convince the World, as well as the Eaji
India Company, of our Honelly and good Conduct m tins
xtiydi, the Officers firft drew up an Affidavit, fetting forth,
tiierc never was any Commerce carried on in the Indies,
or any rran&dions of buying and felling, but for Pro-
vifions, and other Things, tor the Ships -, and, that no
Sufpicion might remain, an Abftraft of our Journal was
drawn up, and the bell Part of the Ship's Company vo-
luntarily fwore to it. On the 1 9th in the Afternoon, we
had News ot our Convoy lying without the Texel \ which
was very acceptable to the Crews of each Ship, who were
in the utinoll Uncalincfs at our long Stay, being jult at
home, fo that we had much ailo to keep the Companies
aboard, till now we got every thing in Readineii, in order
tor falling down to them. On the 20th, about tive in the
Altornoon, we got down to the Ttxel, where wc foiuid
O'jr Convoy at Anchor, being the Ejfex, Canterbury, Med-
•'(.aj, and Dunwicb Men of War. On the 2 2d in the
iVIorning, the Wind b» ing at North-calf, wc weighed from
the 'Icxi'l, and by ten of the Clock got clear of the Chanel.
In the Atternoon, the Commpdoie took the Batchelor in
tow i and next Morning, the Wind being againll us, we
boie away n^ain tor the I laibour 1 as ttid likewife tour
Butih Men ot War, that came out with us, bound for
Ixindon : Alter feeing us fate in, he llooci off to the North-
ward, with th(- Canterbury ancl Alcdway, but came m the
rxxi Morning. On the a4th, our Officers met, where,
coiilulung, that our three Ships wanted Necellarics to keip
the Sea, in calc wc fliould meet with txid Weather, wc
rcqucftcd Captain Roffty our Commoilore, that he would
plealc to (lay, (lioiild the Wind be fair, till liich time as
^^e (.ould be provided with tlie laid Na diaries from /r'w-
f/iTiiM; which was grann-d. On tin- ,.jtii, at Break of
Day, wc weighed, as did likewife four JJnifb Men of War.
On the ill ot Otiober, about eleven o'clock, we came to
an Anchor in the Downs, where iLver.il ot our Owners
came on board i and, after they lud vifittd every Ship,
Went on (hore with Ibinc Priiuncrs, to tx.imiiic diem about
NuMi. 13.

our Capture, fcfr . At three this Morning, the Effex made
a Signal to unmoor \ and betwixt nine and ten wcigh'd, he
being ordered up to the Buoy in the Nore, and we to make
the bcft of our Way to the Hope. Oifober 14. at eleven
o'clock, wc and our Ccmfort got up to Eriff, where wc
came to an Anchor, which ends our long and fatiguing
Voyage.

41. Jtwas owing to this Expedition oiU'^oodes Rogers, that
the Spirit of Privateering in the South Seas was not totally
loft in England, where abundance of Art had been uled to
propagate an Opinion, th.it it was fimply impolTible for
any Privateer Squadron to aft with Succcfs, at lead for
their Owners ; and that, if any thing was taken, it iiv.ill bc
in a bucanneering Way, that is, for the fole Advantage ot
the Crew : But, in ail thel'e refpefts, this Voyage has un-
deceived us, and plainly fliewn, that, under proper Com-
mand, our People are able to do as great Things now, as
ever they did in the Days of Elizabeth ; and, indeed, it is
offering the greateft Indignity to our Seamen to think
otherwife. Amongft the reft of the Bug-bears inv.nted to
terrily our People trom going into thole Seas, one waf , the
dreadful Treatment they met with from the Spaniards,
when, by any Accident, they fell into their Hands. As
to this. Captain Rogers has fet the Matter in its trua
Light. He deplores the Lofs of Mr. Hatley in the moft
affcfting Terms 1 probably from an Opinion, that he
might be ftarved at Sex, or forced to live aftiore on fome
of the barren ijaUapagos Illands ; but he very fairly tells
us, that, after that Gentleman fell into the Hands of the
Spaniards, he was very kindly treated, and lent up to
L:nM as a Prifoncr of War, which was what he had Realbn
to cxpeft. It is indeed true, that, when he and his Boat's
Company landed at Cape Pujjao, and lurrcndered them-
felvs, they were vtry barbiirouly uled, h.iving their
Hands ti.d behind them, hungup by hur Necks, and
alii oft lull ''ayeil W:th Whips: But then, by whom was
this d(,n ? Wl;y, by a mixed People, the Oft-fijring of
Negrois and ind.f.n;, who bore iin imiilacalL i i tred to
every Man of a white Complexion, out of iv.i vc Avcrfion
to th'- SpmiarJs. In this Dillrefs they liad probably ended
their Days but tor a I'riefl, wJio int^r^^ofwd, ai.o prefl-rvcd
them. As for the. EngliJlMctt, th.it r.in:.incd in that (.coun-
try, (which is perhapb the hardi.ft Cat., that tan be p^t,
with relpect to the iJanger of thole t.xpiditions) Cpt'in
Stradling, of whom wc have I'lid fo mucL in the l.'.ll
Stftion, after returning f.d'e to London, though he remair.eJ
long a Prifoncr in thole Countries, gives us ihe following
Account of their Condition, melincholy indeed, as Exiles
from their native Country, but not very fnj^iitlul in otlier
rcfpeds.

" In Mexico, the Piifontrs, who arc employed in cut-
" ting Logwood, have no v/.iy to elcape the Severity of
" the Spaniards, but to turn Papifls, and be b.iptized after
" their manner : Then they hive the LiUrty to chufe a
" Godfat.ier, who is gtncraHy a Man of Note, and tliey
" ferve him as a Footman in Livery. One boyfe, who
" joined Captain Rogers m 6"«.'rtjtt/7, w.is baptised there by an
«» Abbot in the Cathedral of Mexico ; had Salt put in his
" Mouth, .and Oil pouretl upon his Head ; ano fnrJl Par-
" eels of Cotton, which rubbid it off, were di' nlitutcd
" as precious Relics among the I'enitLnts, becaule tal^eii
" off the Heail of a converted Heretic, as they called him.
" The narive Spaniards enjoy all Ports in the Church and
'• Monafteries, and admit no Indians, nor any mixed Breed,
" to thole Preferments i which they thinkanecelVary Piece
" of Policy, that they may the better keep the Country
" in Subjeclion to Spain. Some of thole I'rilbners, who
*' are forced to be pretended Con-, ert.s do nnw-and-then
*' make their Elcape, tho' it be dangerous to attempt it -,
'« for, if taken, they arc gauTaily conl'ned to tiic Work-
" houfcs for Life. There are fev.ral Engltjhmcn, who were
«' Prifoners in this Country, that, by Compliance, iiave
" obtained their Liberty i patticui.irly one -Thmas Bull,
♦' who was born in Doxcr, ar.d taken in QitrpecLw He
♦' was a Cloekmaker, had been eighteen Ye ire here, and
*' was about torty-tive Years old, lives in the Province of
«' rabafto, and grown very rich. One Captain Thompfon,
" birn in the ^ of IFigh:, had been here about twenty
" Years, is about lilty Years uld, grown lieh, and com-
- ^ •* mandol

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I'll

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" mandfd the Mulattoes, who took Captain Pack at the

•• Beginning of the War. The Perlon who told me this,

" was a Combmakcr, and endeavoured to efcaiie frcrn La

" yera Cruz i but was taken, and ftnt Pnfoner to Af<r««,

•• where he came off to Peru, after he had his Liberty,

" by pretending he went to buy Ivory to make Lombs.

" He gave me a !ong Account of his Ramble amonglt tl»c

«« Indiaiu, and fays, that he was at the Mouth ot the Ki-

•« ver M^Jippi, which fails into the Gulph ot Mexico, ^t

" could not pafs it : He adds, that the Indians, on the Bay

" PilUchi, have murdered frveral of the Padres, oiit ot

•• an Averfion to the Spaniards, hut (hewed a great Incma-

" tion to trade with the Englijb. Such of them as will not

" turn Papi«s, are kept in clofe Cuftoiiy, either in the

•' Mines, or Workhoufes, at Mexico, which City is about

•♦ as long as Bnpl. Thofe that are put in Workhoulcs

'• arr chained, and employed in carding of Wool, rafping

•• of Logwootl, (Sc. 1 hey have more Manufadurcs ot

«• Woollen and Linen in Mexico than in Peru: Abundance

•• of Raw Silk is brought from China ; and, of late Years,

" wrought up into rich Brocailes, equal to any maiic m

•« Europe. The Mulattoes and Indians, on very (light

•• Occafions, are put into the Workhoulcs, and kept there

«« till they pay their Debts or Tribute ; but no Spaniards,

♦• except for the word of Crimes. There are many £*;/»/&-

" mn, who were taken cutting I>ogwood in the Bay of

" Campecbe, in icveral of thofe Workhoules. They have

«♦ abundance of Sheep in the Country, which yield exrel-

•• lent Wool, of which the Engli/!) Pnfomrs have taught

" them to make Cloth, which would be w(jrth about 15 /.

♦• a Yard in England ; but there it yields eight I'ieces of

** Eight. They have alfo taught them to make Bays, and

" other fort of coarfe Woollens. At Chepa in Mexico,

•• about Latitude 12° North, there is a great River, whith

•• fmks into the Earth at once, runs under the Mountains,

" and rifes with a large Stream, about (iftecn I ragues from

*♦ the Place where it funk. This River is twic .i!> broad

" as the Thames -, it afterwards joins that ot Tabafco, and

•• falls into the Nonh Sea, as mod of the great Rivers

" of this vaft Continent do. About this Place there are

*' high Mountains, with Tlains on the I'op, where the

" Air is very tem]>erate, ami all our European h ruits grow ;

" whereas « tlir Bottom ai' thofe Mountains, they have

•• none but the Fruits of hot Climates, tho* 'tis not above

" (ive Leagues .ifiinder. There are alfo Wootis of Pines,

*' (^c. on thole Mountain?, amongft which there are Birds,

•' which fing together in .in agreeable Conrcrr, that refcm-

♦' bic a fine Org.in •, fo that Strangers arc amazed to hear

" fuch Mufic ilrike up ot a fuJden in the Wootis. 'I'hcre

" is jlfo a ftrange Creature in thofe Woods, called by the

♦' Spaniards an Ounce, mi.tli of the Si/e of a Wolf dog ;

" bur It has Talons, and the Head is more like that ot j

" Tyger : It kills Men .uul Bealls, which makes travelling

•* thro' the Woods dangennisj yet this Creature is reported

" to eat nothing but the Heart ot its I'rey. 1 had many

" more Relations from tins M.in, who had been feven Years

*' a Prifoner in 'his Country -, but tliey being tfw fdioiis,

" I fhall add r.othing more concerning Mexico, but that

" the Worm is la-[;er, and eats the Bottoms of the Ship

*' more, on its .'««i-coalV, than any other Place. All the

•• Coafts, from (juinquil in Peru, to the NorthwanI, as

*' fer as die Latitude of 20" in Mexico, are reckoned iin-

•' healthful, but the contrary from Guia^ui! Southward."

The next remarkable Thin;; in this Voyage, is the Pni-
dencp (hewn in the (Xconomy of it, which ought to recom-
mend It as a Precedent on all futhOccafions tor the future 1
and this excellent Management appeared particuUrly in
the Mrt'uKi taken ot holding Councils betore any Tranf-
ad^ions ot Imixirtance, to lonfuicr the projK-r Means for
etfeifling it ; and then, win n the 1 hinji; was fre'h in every
botly's He-ni ai;d Memory, to bring the Con.lurt ol the
Affair under F.xamiiution, lo as to procure .inotlvr Rcfolu-
tion ot the Co'nniittee, either ajiproving or dilapjirfjving
it. By this Mealurc all Fads were lo clTecluaily fettled,
tint they would atlmitof no Dilputes after they laiiu home ;
and it Is very pbin, tli.it the Debates whith ha|ii>ened aboard,
were hindered from tjrowing to a dangerous 1 kit;ht by this
Very thing : lor, as nothing could be ablolutely determir.cd
while th( y were aboard, every body was anxious and alii-

77;r V O Y A G E S of

Book I.

duous in fettling properly the Papers, upon the Teftlmony
of which, the Senfc of their Owners, in regard to their
Conduft, was to be determined -, and thus the Hopes of
prevailing at home, made People ealy under what they took
to be Hanllhips abroad. In laying this, however, I jIjh;.,
in Opinion from Captain fFeodes Rogers, who, tho* he had
experienced the Benefits refulting from this Method of
afting, yet is nicafed to fay, " Another great Inconvcni-
" ency we laboured under, was the want ot Power to
" try Offenders, as on board his Majefty's Ships of War
" which obliged us to connive at many IJiforders, md to
" be mild in our Punilhments : But which was Hill worft
" there was no fulficient Power lodged in any one Wu^i
" to determine Differences amongft our chief Offictrj j
*♦ which was a great OmilTion, and might havi proved
*• of dangerous Confcquence, becaufe of the Divilionj
" which happenid amonglt us." Yet I dare fay it willbt
apparent, notwithftaiiding the Captain's Obfervation, that
it any fuch Power h.id been lodged, even inhimfrlf, it mtift
have done more Hurt than Good -, fincc nothing but ih;
Incertainty of whofe Conduft would be anprcwed or diljp.
proved at their Return, prevented Maltcontcnt OF -^
from endeavouring to form Parties among the Ship's ( .
pany, which, Rcafbn and Expcrieme (hews us, is the mi ft
dangerous Thing that can happen in bjcpeditioris of th;s
fort ■, and which, as the Reader will remember, proveii the
Ruin of Captain Dampier's Defign, of whkli we have givii
a long Account in the preceding ScAioii : But it is natural
for Men in Power to believe the Extenfion of their own .\\i.
thority as profitable to others, as agreeable to themfe Ivc^.

A third Cinumftantc that defervcs Regard, is the Wu'i-
nefs of the Spaniards j for it appears plainly, that tlij
were not, at this time, in a much better Condition that
when Draie undCandifi ravaged their Cotenies j and of ttiu
Captain Rogers was fo icnfible, that, in the Preface to kn
Book, he lays it down as a thing extremely pniCtiraMe,
not only to plunder the Spanijb ScnIemenM on the Ccurt,
but even to fix Garifoni there, which, he thinks, it wouK
not be in the Power of the Spaniards to expel, before thiy
received a Relief from Britain. " Our taking ot GwopJ^
" fays he, with an Handful of raw undifciplined Men, na
•' fufficient Proof of this ; and they may foon forti^
•' themfelves, fo as no Power, that can lie brought aganl
'* them, would bo able to dillodge them. The whole ^wl
'• Force in tliat Sea ciMififts b»it of three fmall Ships 1 i-J
" their l-and '1 roops are to little accuttumedto War, Ju:
*• they are not able to look a Body of difciplined Men n
" the Face, as we oiirtclves and others have found Iv Ii-
•' jwrit nee : Bi (ides, the Natives of Chili, who arc .1 brivc
♦' Peo|)le, have fuch an .Averfion to the 5/<OT/<»''(/j,l<:raLff
" ot tiicir Ciui Ity and OpjHefTion, that, when they "i
•' the Mildncfs of an Eng'ijh (foverninent, they will i;.i. f;
" join us, in order to Ik- treed from that intolerit'jlc .V *>
" tudc, under which they luve groaned fo long." I ».l
not rake u|>on me to f.»y, that, at this time, fui h a .S. h-'*
as he recommends would be practicable \ but this, I thi^k,
I may fately fay, that nothinj^ that has fincc liai'prni
down to the Fiine of the pretcnt War, has Ihtwn u. : :
Defign to l)e impcilliblr. At the time Cajrtain A ,;
wrote, he had before his Fyes the Fjcample of the / '<«
carrying cmi, prtly with, and pardy without the Cu: ".
of the Spaniards, (wh a Commerce in that Part ul -K-
Work!, as en.ibled them to make heail againft the \k\\ ■;
all Europe: Which is j Circumltance that deferves ti ^<
very well confulercd j fnice, if the Wealth of i'/fl/t, v.\n
Hands of France, may povc the Ruin of all her Ni:g>
bours, it leems to be a natural Inference, that it is mitor.!*
lawful, but abfblutely incumbent upf>n us, to profedit i.^
only Method that can jwdibly prevent it. 1 he Aclc:
he his given of the Matter is this : " The FrencbU-M I*
" Rocbelle, in 1698, two Ships, under the LdnrnirJ*
" M. Houchejne (Jcnin, of St. Male, to ilie Sout:i H
" with a Cargo of Goods, to try wh.it could be do" '
" Trade there, as appears by his Journal. I'liey havfo
*' improved Ins Difcovcry, and carried on fuch a vii,
" Tuile in thole Se.is ever fince, that there have b. " '•"
" the South Sea, in one Year, feventecn Ships ot N^n
" and Merchantmen, with all Ibits of (Joods ; aii i'i
" Advantage they made ol it w.ts fo jjreat, that 1 v.x *

Cfiap. r.

Captain Woodes Rogers.

i8j

,. fofmed, by feveral Merchants whom vc tw.k m thofe
•' Seas, that, by a modeft Computation, the frmb, in a
It few oJ' ti)e firft Years of tliat Trade, en- rifd I'lomc loo
«' Millions oF Dollars, which is near tweniy-fivc Millions
» Stciling, bcfides the Advantages they made by trading
•' to (he North Sea, when they convoy the Sfanijb Gal-
•' Icons and Flota to and from the W'efl Mies.' ' This was
written before the Clofc of the laft War •, and it is wortJiy
of Notice, that, fincc the preicni War commenced, the
frcncb and Spaniards have had recourfc again to the fame
I'jtprdient, I mean that of licenflng Ships from St. Male
to trade to the South Seas, contrary not only to Treaties,
but in liircd Violation of the Trivilcges of the native Spa-
niards, who cannot but be fenfibly alfcdled, to fee the only
Trade they have, and by which alone they are able to bear
the heavy Burden of a J rtnch Government, thrown into
tlie 1 lands of Foreigners. But, however angry diey may
be, it docs not appear, that at this Junfturc they have
the Means of redrefling this Grievance in their own Hands j
whereas, fo far as it affefts us, we certanly have •, and, ci-
ther by following thefc French Interlopers into the South
Seis or by watching them clofcly in their Return home,
may'render ineffectual this F.xptdicnt for turning the Riches
of the new World to the Subvetfion of the Peace of the old.
It this cannot be done, our ruining the French Trade elfc-
whcre will fail fhort of the End ^iropofcd -, bccaufe,. be-
ing temporary only, if they can hnd a Way to carry on
this Commerce cffcftiially in the mean time, it will, in a
great meafure, fupply the Loffcs they fuftain in the other
Branches of their Commerce : As, on the other hand, if
we can put an End to this, as well as to the reft, it muft
foon bring the War to a Conclufion \ for the modern
Maxim, that Money does all Things, is never found more
agreeable to Truth, than when applied to mihtary Affaits,
which demand fo great and fo conllant an Expence, that,
if a Nation cannot fupply it, Ihc muft be content to accept
of thofe Terms, and remain in that Condition, which her
Keiglibours are willing (he Ihould be in ; and this is that,
Condition, to which 1 conceive we would be willing to re-
duce the French.

Before I take my Leave of this Subjeft, I catuiot for-
bear putting the Reader in mind of the great Utility ot
Voyages to ti\e South Seas •, and obferving, that as thefe
can never be undertaken but wiien we ars at War with the
Spaniards, fo that Opportunity ought never to be let Hip ■,
fince, othcrwifc, wc are in Danger of ktiing all Knowledge
of that Navigation, to which wc have a Right in common
with tiie reft of Mankind -, whicli, fome time or other,
may turn to the infinite Advantage of the Brili/b Nation.
The Ki-aJcr has fcen what SucccHior, of Adventurers there
i\as iK'en f ron\ tlic Days (^f Queen Elizabeth to this time -,
all of wh'im have intim.itcd tlic mighty Advantages that
miglit be txpcdtrd from our endeavouring to fix in Ibme
Part, nitlicr tii.ui be continual WaiKlcrtrs in the South Seas.
The gr.ind Objedion has been, that it is very difficult to
furrill) I'lovifions tor fo long an Kx^x-dition, or to keep
our Ships tiilficii'ntly manned, lo as to \x in a Condition
oi li tiling vhcn they romr tlutluT. Bur, \y rliaps, wt- ought
to iiiquin-, whether thcfc' Ditlkultiis r(;aily Ipnng front the
Dcfi^ii iifiif, or from our Mctluni of managing it i for,
tmiloui'ttdly, if -Ju-rr oe not as much of I'rudnicc in the
Condu'l of .1 public Scheme, as is generally firn it. the
Managment of a pnvaf Concern, wc nriay calily gucls
' what wtll be the Fate of it. The giX)d Senfe and groat
f-Attcniioii 01 the Bhfto! Merchants, appeal- in the l*re-
Jicautions they look for the rigl-,t Management of this Kx-
H!t"<litio!i, wliH h eficdually aiilwrrcd tlieir Intentions :
[And fliail we be weakciiougli to lxlie\'e, th.it a i'rojed,
[formed fur tiie roiumun Benefit of the Bmifl} Nation,
Emiglit not bj ;is well regulated, .uid as fiiccelstiilly cxrcutcil,
las one which t: nded only to the Benefit of a tew Mer-
Fti.air*, i;u)nc of its I'oit.s ? It is ealy enough to conceive,
Ithat it wrong Mtrhovis arc uled, or right ones ncglerted.il'
JShirs; out at ttnpiojKT Se.ifontof the Year, 1., .ivily loaded

vith 1 lungs unneidDry, roiiimandcd by unexperienced or
frifh water .Si.imen, wiio think any Ilardfliip intoiemble,
■■ve iiml not wonder rhat tilings niillany. But this very

|»yag- of Captain 11 'codes Rogers clearly ili innnlliates

'x'' a Delign to he very prafticable, not withilanding what

is daily thrown out to make the coi'.trary Notion gun Belief i
for their Ships were much fuller of Men than is ufual for
Ships of their Burden, and yet they carried Provifions tor
fixtecn Months •, which puts it licyond all Difpute, that
Men of War, and Tranfports, may tonvenicmly go on this
Expedition, well filled with Men, and carry twelve Months
Provifion at leaft for each Ship ; Befidcs, for every Man
of War, or Tranfport, that carries conflderable Numbers of
Men, a proportk)n4ble Vidlualler may be allowed, with no
more Men than are enough to fail her ^ fo that ihe may
carry eioht or ten Montlu Provifioni more for ci.e other
Sltips, that embarque the Men. Thus afufHcient Number
may go for a Settlement, and fiilly vifhjalled for twenty -two
Months, which is time enough, and to fpare, to go and
return from the South Seas \ and, if any Ship fhould lofe
Ccmuaiiy, there is little Danger of their meeting again at
Places appointed for Rendezvous. 'Tis true, the Diltante
from Home is great, but the Ships that have traded thitiier
find it an eafy Paifage in a proper Scalbn ; and their Men
continue more hcaltMUl, than thofe that trade to xhtff^ejt
Indies by the North Seas. The general Difttmpcr in fuch
long Voyagers is the Scurvy -, and the Methods to prevent
the ill Eficds of it are fo well known, that they may be
ealily provided againft. The Ships may hktwife relireih
by the Way, firft at the Cape de l^erd Illands, and then at
Brq/il ; betwixt whkh, and the South Sea, is the longtft
PaiTage, and that, in all Probability, cannot exceed ten
Weeks at Sea ; fo that, when they arrive at Chiii, the Cli-
mate is fo wholfome, and agrees fo well with Enropeon
Conftitutki..s, that fuch as are Tick fpeedily recover.
Then, as to proper Places for a Settlement, where Pro-
vifions abound, there are ib many of them on the Coaft of
Chili, &c. that a Body of Men difciplined, and under good
Commanders, may cafily fettle there. It is not indeed
eafy to fay, where fuch a Settlement might be made with
the greateft Probability of Succels \ but, fure, it is very
ftrange, that no Attempt has been hitherto made to difcover
that Continent that Ues between California and Japan i
fince, that there is fuch a Continenr, fecms to be a Pomt
the Spaniards ate as induftrious to conceal, as other Nations
are negligent of inquiring after it, though none of their
SubjctEts, that ever were in thofe Seas, quitted them, witlf
out recommending it to the Notice of their Countrymen.
Sir Francis Drake, the firft, and, perhaps, the moft know«
ing of our Difcoverers, took Poflcffion of Califernia, with
this View particularly. The brave Cmdijh, his only Rival
in Reputation, fuggefted the fame thing -, and, if I mif-
take not, delivered his Thoughts at large on this SubjeA,
in a Difcourfe diredled to the Qjieen his Miftrefs, and de-
livered to his Patron the Lord Hun/don, in relation to a
Map of Cbintt, which he brought over, and of which I
fhall have Occafion to fpcak more largely in another Place.
Captain Dampier, though he was far from being a deep
Politician, yet faw and mentioned the Expediency of fome
fiich Settlement ; which was again hinted by Captain
Rogers. If the Reader Ihonid incline to be farther in-
formed, as to the Advantages that might be reafonably
expefteil from our having a Colony in thofe Parts, 1 will
endeavour to give him fome Satisfadfion in that Particular.
Eirfl, till n, this Situation would afford us an Opportunity
of correlponding in both the Eafi and ff^ejl Indies, and that
with miieh greater Eafe than the Spaniards find in carrying
on their Traile between Manilla and ylcapulco \ becaufe wc
flioukl not have above half the Run of their Ship to either
of the Indies •, ami, as the Winds on that Coaft are con«
flant an i r( giilar, we muft, in the Space of a few Years,
ctfablifh a lafe and certain Correfpondenre. In the next
Plact, there is tho higheft Probability, rhat, in fuch a Cli-
mate, we might meet with, or, b a fhort Space, create, a
conflderable Demand for our coarfe Cloths, and other
Manuf.iilures, which would be doubly advantageous to the
Nation, by encouraging Induftry at home, and increafing
inlarging our Navigation. There is another Circum-

ano

fiance that delcrv::s to be mentioned, and it is this-, that
fuch a Colony would give us an Opportunity of examining
etiedUially, whciher there be any fuch thing as a practicable
PalTagc into tbefe ;>eas, either from the North-eaft, or the
Norfh-weft -, which is an old Queftion revived of late Years,
and with good Reaibn, fince the Solwtign of it would not

only

■;!'i

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.J '

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.yrj^ I:

iSi(

7k> V O Y A G 1< S ^7

13ook I,

only mlound to the Benefit of fcwral Nations, but to that
ot' fJlropt in general.

tf, n .twitliftanding all that hiis been faid, there mould
appear fimcthing romantic, or, perhaps, riilKiilous, in
fui'pofmg the public Councils of this Nation in fuch a Si-
tuation, as that Prbjefts of this Sort Ihotiid be efteemcd
woitliy their Notice, or any Part ot" our Naval Force cm-
ployed at fuch a t)iftance, and when their Commanders
could cx\Ki\. fo little, even fromthc Succefs of their Un-
rtcrtaking, what hinders, that a private Comoanv, by
which I mean a Copartncrihip of particular Merchants,
may not carry into Execution fuch a I )cfign ? We have fecn,
by a Variety of Inftances, by the Ea/i Mia Company in
Holland, by the htrlilb Edft India Comijany, by our Le-
vant, by oiir Hudjoni-haj, but efjiecially by our Ruffut
Company, what private Merchants arc able to do, if pro-
jicrly countenanced arid encouraged. The Dutch and Eng-
lijb Eaft Mia Companies role both of them out of private
Underulcings, while the State wifely afllftcd and fupportetl
thi m by her Authority, for the liike of promoting the
public Good. If, therefore, at this Jiinfture, when there
are fo many private Men who have acquired large Fortunes,
While the (tttltd and ordinary Trade of the Nation is in
fome mcallire niccfTarily fufj^ended by the War ; while the
Intereft of the public Debt continues low, and yet that
Debt is daily increafmg ; if, I fay, while Things are in
fuch a Situation, a Body of Meicliants (houki undertake to
difcover new Countncs, and to make new Settlements,
what Reafon is there to tioubt of their meeting with En-
couragement and SucCcfs ? Therc necils no mighty Sum
to fit out two Privaterrsi and a I'ender ; and, Ixriide;, the
very Expences of the Voyage might be prol^ably borne by
the Prizes taken in the South Seas, or both Sciiemcs piir-
fucd at once, by wmtering in California, and waiting the
Arrival of the Atapulco Ships upon thole CoalU. It is on
all tJands acknowledged, that the Climate is tcm|x-rate and
healthy, that the Natives arc friendly and honelf , that the
oppofitc Continent of y/mcrica is very rich, ami but thinly
peopled by the Spaniards j fo that, on the Whole, there is
notliing aAonifhing or abfiirri in fuppofing, that ^ or 400
Mc ^, well-difiiplinrd, and under experienced Commanders,
Ihould iTWintain themfclves here, without any great Diffi-
culty or Inconvenience, for feven, eight, or nine Months :
We tliiiik it no Hardfhip to keep them continually on Ship-
board, for two or three Years, m other Seivices, to at leafl
as little Purpofe. There i», however, another Tiung to

be confidrred, ami it is this ; l!int, failing from C/.'i/cn,,^
In a higher latitude than ufual, tlicy might, if tliey (ounJ
It practicable, wintfr in any m wdilVovtred Port, anj \^
furc to return timj enough to California, to atconiplill, t' .
othtT Part of their Scheme ; or, if they fhouid tail of
iticeting witiJ a proixr Port in ftny of the Idands or Conti-
fjcnt between California and the Eajl Indies, tli y i^l
continue their Voyage to China, where they might fmj
themlclves at Liherty to form anil cXicuti m w Prujccis
equally honourable to ihemfelves, and advanta<>(()iis (J
their Owners. At all Events, thuefore, a Sclicmoofthij
fort, judicioufly carried into Execution, tfiuft lie vcn- 1^..
neficial to the Nation : It would Icivc to extirpai^dj ij
ton, by informing us of new Iruths ; it would |,l•|gllt^„
our Credit for Maritime Power and Skill, it woiiM atrr ic
Men of active Spnits, improve their natural I'arts, anj
[loint out to thim the Means of tranfmitting Wealth to
their Dcfcendants, and their own Fame to latell I'dUrrv
If It (houlii liedemojukd, why I am fowarni in recomnkni;.
ing fiicli a De'icn -, my Anfwer is, becaufe I think it t,!r
the Servicf 01 11. y Country, which Can mvcr be madt
fiappy at hom<-, ■ r ma ntain her Reputation aliroal, b;-
from the Appear nt.- of fuc't a Spirit, as wcniKl b n '
fary to i> Complilh lurh i Dviign : And th. rcforc to lah<,tr
in exciting tHis, kcrrs the higheft Point of PatriijtMni ,•
which a piiv itc Man is capatilc. If a li vcrer CntiL- Iho, 'J
inquire. What Connexion this h.is wiili my Hiftory-, h",
IwiT, The clofcll that ca c; l-or, to wiiat End Jot!
record the Tranfat"ti<>nh <it Times p^tf, but that they may
I eccme Examj les to tuccieJing Ages ? This VcvaiTeii
the Duke and Duchefs was, by far, the mo'l lliccctsiul cf
any that was ever kt on toot at the i''xpcnce, ^nd u-.dtr
the Management, of private Merchants j an;!, IxhJdia
that Light, is of all others, the propcrett 10 cncourtft
Brilifh Traders to exert themlclves in the fame Way, I
might perhaps go tw) far, fhouid I alTert, that tliis VoyiK
gave Rife to the South Sea Coniparly ; but thus nuichlua
lately fay, t.'iar tlie Surcels of ih :: Voyage was w!ut the
Patrons of lut Corii[iiMy ihiifly inlifted upon in their Dt-
fiencc, wlim the I'laii of it was attacked as infut' twit a.il
chiniirical. I fliall, however, conclude with this R-m.'r>.i
that, as this is the lafl Enghjb Voyage of its kind Ibro'
fperous, anu fo well condudftd, as to merit fuch Ohlrr;-
lions, fo the Succindnels with which I treat the nd, v, :
I'ulficK ntly excufe my dwelling ia long on fo agrccablci,.
fo imponant a Subje<t't.

SECTION XVIJ. -^' • '*

The Foja^e of Captain John Cmpperton round the IForlJ, from an authentic Jcurnal

t. rte Occylou cf the J\u,^r, and the Re„/bn of chLiinin<r the Emperors Commiffion. j. 7be Eiviiili ,-J
IMeinilli <//A;^/vr. and the Emptror s Commijjion ,s la, J ajide. 3. Captattt Shclvotkc retn<^,ui ai
Ljptavi t lipperton appointed Commander in Lhuf. 4. Jn/iruilions ^iven by the Owners * 7/v' s/,«
>///rw; Plymouth February 1 y. 1714; end are lefarafed ,n a >hrm. 6. Caftatn Clin,,crto„ ^r''-
cutei hn i^oge to the Canaries. 7. Jrrnal, and Dc/cription of the Cape dc Vcrdc Iflands S t;r- ;•

'rZ^rt \ "T ? "^ ^'7'^^" "^^'^''K^"^"- 9." r/vv arrtve at tL<e IJland 0, Jt.an Fern..ndc.; .;.;
cru.le therefor A. Spccdwcl. 10. Proceed for the South Seas, -uhere tbn mak, ahnda;ce ;( Irun.
1 1. One of he Prizes ejcafes, and alarms the Ccafi. 1 j. Jhes eontinue cruifinj -U'ltb Jd Siu •;
lie ^liln't/frV^ ?"" Tranjaaions ,n thnfe Seas, i^.'^heir ama.ing Siucef,, A.ujUnc.i
/V,'!r.; -^ /^ /'"■; ^"f '■;: „ ' ^" ^ <^<>"//"raey amon^ the Cre-M to run away 'Uith the ShiP, a,ul!.n ,
c ttat^'i^"' "''^fT^''' ^M''^'- 'Z- ^/''^ '^i'l> Captain Shdvcxke r^vy L.at.v.V
a ciy i ^^. Separate Jrom him again, and goto the Eall Indies.- t^.'A,n',\

ts O^nfr [^^^^ '^\?' ^'"J'V-"'^^ ?/• '^■"" ^"iir^, "r-d the Captail O. ■:'

26 Cal.nCV^n^' /^"'/''-':f "' ^^'^■='«• =5- The Cre-w Jeparate, and p.if for thm;m.
26. Captain Ci.pperton returns Home, and dies oj a broken Heart. 27. Remarks upon the Vo^.r..

with Spain, or Spain broke with us, rcfolved, about liif
Beginning of the Year 1718, to fit out two Ships torii*
South Seas, in hopes that they might make as hu, ■ 1 1 '
\'oyage as the Duke and Duehefs had done, under ilu >. ^
mand of Captain IVoodes Rogers -, and, with thu \ »
they provided two fine Ships, in every rclpcct tit '

V, ■

"A'

the time that the AlTairs of this Nation, and
of all Europe, were extremely cmbarralled, by
Difputes between the late Emperor Charles VI
and h,s Catholic Maiefly Km^ Philip V. of Spam, and
thr f^udniplc Alliance was negoriating, fiime Merchants
iicre, torcfctmg tliat it could not be long before wc broke

chap. r. Captain JortN Clipperton,

i8f

Voviffe ; the one called the SpetdwtU and the other the
Smcefi. But the War not breaking out fo foon as was ex-
pcded lictwten the two Crowns, \t was judged requiflte to
feve his Imperial Majefty's CommilTioh. When the
Scheme was fetded and adjufted in this Foot, it was thought
very nrceflTary to find out fome Gentleman who had (ervcd
on board the Royal Navy, that might take upon him the
Command of the Expedition, and be able to carry a pfo-
per Authority over the Fltmijh SoUierst as well u H^giifit
Seamen, who were on board. This Situation of I'hingi
induccii the Gentlemen Proprietors, on the w»rm Recom-
mendation of one of their own Number, to make Choice
of Captam Gecrgt Hbelvtcke, who had ferved as a Lieute-
nant ill tiic Koyal Navy, had the Charadler of being a good
Officer, and was certainly as accomplifhed a Seaman as
ever boK Coniimnd. I le was, befides, a Man of quick
Parts, ready Sjieech, and very winning Addrefs i which
made him a very proper Perlbn for carrying into Execution
d)is Scheme, as it was then mo-ldled. The firlt Inllruc-
tions he ric<ivtd, were to procLed with the Spttdwel, then
commanilcd by Ca|)Uin Rtbtrl Milchell, to OJienJ, there
to wait for the Emf)eror's Commiflioni, and to receive his
Fltmijb Officers and Seamen on board the Ship, together with
as much Wine and Brandy, as was thought pro})er tor
the Su|Y)ly of both Sliips, during fo k)ng a Voyage, in 1(>
coM a Climate, as that of C^ Htm -, and for their Pro-
vifion in the South Seas, which was bought in that Coun-
try for the fake of Ciieapnefs.

2. It was in the Month of Novemier 1718, that Cap-
tain ShtlvKkeCuM to QjUiui, in order to execute this Part
of his Commiffion. To fhcw the greater Kcfpeft to the
hnp J Court, and^ at tiie fame time, 10 give this more
the Air of a German Expedition, it was refolved to change
the Names of the Ships -, and therefore the biggeil, of thir-
ty-fix Guas and 1 80 Men, mtacaikd the Prince Eugenf\
nd die Icflrr, of twenty-four Guns, and 106 Men, was
named tlic Stareubtrg, after Count Slartnbtrgy his Impe-
rial Majilly's Prime Miniiler. The Complement of Men
Captain Ebelvotkt was to take in, was fixty Flemings^ uniler
J Officers i and when he had got them on board, together
with his Wme and Brandy, he was to proceed direiftly for
the Downs, wiiere he was to meet his Confort the Prince
£ugtHe, that had been fitted and manned in the River : He
was likewife inftrudted to make no fort of Shew or Parade
there, by holding of Colours, giving Entertainments, in-
viung Stringers aboard, or, in Ihort, doing any thing
that might giv<; inquilitivc People on Ojiportunity of pry-
ing into tlic Defign ^)l the Voyage, or tne Strengh ot the
Ship. But Capuiii Sbelwcke, apprehemling that he luda
i dilLritioiiary Powrr, and, perhaps, finding it impolTiblf to
[niainige I'hings in tliat Country widiout a little Shew, fome
I tiring ot duns, ami now-aiui-then a Dinner, gave into it
Iby degrees ; and, at lall, failed for the Downs with ninety
iFieming!, and fix OfTicifs on board, where he found his
ICoiilort the Pnuce Eugene, which liati waited for him there
[fonic time. The Accident of his Haying lb long, created
he (\x^ Uneafinefs, his Owners having tome of them waited
at Deal for kvcral Days, in KxpeCfation of him ; but Uil-
putcs quickly grew high, when it was found, that d>c
Vlt'uifh Seamen, confiding in their Numbers, and proud
pf being coninianded by their own Officers, behaved in
'uch a manner, that the Englijh knew not how to ad with
hem ; and, as tliere was conllantly a mixed Conimand,
hefe Dilputts were lo o<"ten repeated, tliat at laA the whole
phip's Cri w was in a Flame, and the Owners faw, what
hey might ealiiy have gucfled before, that to fend out a
nixt Company, ui Englijhmen fiwd hUmings, tocruilc upon
\\t Spaniards, was, in itlijif, a very ill-judged, and, in the
ivent, a very imprac^irable tiling j lb that, after all the
pare and l-.xptnce it had coll them, they found themfflvcs
Mig'd to lay alidc all 1 hoiiahts of proceeding under the
Emperor's ConimilTion j to which diey were the more eafily
kducrJ, liiice they were no longer Ufder a Necelliiy of
al.mg life of it, the V\ar being, by this time, begun
kiweeii Great Britain and Spain. It was, therefore, re-
lived to procure King George\ Co'umillion, and to lend
kk all the Men and Olficers to FlanJerj, paying their
Hi'i gs, and allowing two Months Wages to the Men.
Ihis Ueloiution was no looncr ulicii, than U was put ifl

Execution : But, btforc we part with his Imperial Majefty's
Commiflion, it may not be amifs to take a Copy of it. I
have always had a great DiHike to fillinR up Books widi
puUk Inftnimchts and Records j but this Com.nilTion of
the Emperor's is really a Curiofity, in point both of St'de
and Subllancc i and, as I believe it is the only one of its
kind that cvi . was procured by Britijb Subjefts, I hope my
Readers will be very well fatished with my inferting it, efpc-
cially when i ohTvirvc, that diis Commiflion was obuined
bdore the Et/I Imlia Company was ercftcd at Ofteiid j which
Ihews how dangerous a thing it is, for the Subjedls of the
jnaritimc Powtts to apply to foreign Princes for Commif-
fions, fince it opens the Secrets of dwir Trade, and puts
fuch Courts upon Schemes they would not othcrwife have
thought uf, But to the Commiflion : Thus it tan.

^ Tranjlation of the Imperial Commiffion.

r^lleurles VI. by the Grace of God, Emperor of the
^ Romans, always Auguft ; King of Germany, Caftile^
LtoH, Arragon, Naples, Sicihf, Jemfalem, Httngeryt
Btbemia, Dalmalia, Croatia, Navarre, Granada, To'
ltd], yalentict, Galicia, the Balearic IJlands, Seville,
Sardinia, CerJuha, Corjica, Murcia, Juan Jlgarve, Al-
giers Gibraltar, the Canary Iflands, alfo of the Eafi In-
dies, the Iflands and foreign Lands of the Weftern
Sea, idc. Archduke of Aujtria ; Duke of Burgundy^
Brabant, Milan, Stiria, Carinlhia, Camiola, Ltucem^
iff it fyirtemburgbt the Upper and Lower Sile/ia, Athens,
and Neapatita -, Prince oiSuaHa ; Marquis of the lacrcd
Roman Empire, Burgau, and Moravia \ Earl of Haif-
inrgbt Flanders, 'Tyrol, Barcelona, &c. We make
known and telWv to .'•.11 the World, by the Tenor of
thefe Prefents, that of our own Motion, and from the
Pulncfs uf our Power, we have allowed and granted our
Imperial Permiflion, and free Uberty, to the faithful,
and (of us) moll deferving Man George Sbelvocke, upon
a certain and experienced Opinion of his Honeily, con-
firmed by a long Series of good Adlions, to prepare
and fit out for War the Ship called the Prince Eugene,
able to carry thirty-two Guns, or thereabouts, and to
tiiil with her well fitted and furnilhed with Arms, thro*
any Seas far and wide, to follow and purfue any fuch as
are the Enemies of our moft Auguit Houfe, but chiefly
the Enemies of the Chriltian Name, and to take and
feize their Ships, to the end that our Subje^s, and
our Shores, may be freed from the Incurfions of the
Turks, and be rendered fafe from all Enemies } or that
our Enemies may be punilhcd for their Infolence, fliould
they ofVcr any Injury to our Dominions or Subjefts.
But we have nut otherwife granted and allowed this
Power and C<ffarean Permilfion to the aforefaid George
Sbelvocke, than upon Condition that he fufl^er the afore-
lumed Ship, with all the EfFeCls wherewith Ihe is laden,
to be cilimateii and valued by our General ArchithahdTic
College, commonly called The Office of Admiralty of
die Spanijh Flanders ; and that he fit out and furnilh the
fuid .Shli) for War, by Order and Appointment of the
faid Office of Admiraltv 1 and alfo give the proper Secu-
rity, and take the uliiai Oath required by the laid Office,
or to whuintbever the Admiralty fliall authorize and im^
|X)wer, by Order of our Governor, or our Plenipgten-
tiary in Flanders, via. that he is the true Commander of
the Ship i and that he will exaftly obferve our Orcjers
and Rules relating to Naval Affairs and Hoftilincsi and
take care, they be inviolably obferved by the Seamen,
anil fuch as liiil with him : Likewife, that a Lift qv Ca-
talogue be made, in which the Names and Surnames pf
the I'erlbns who fcrve in the laid Ship, with their Birth,
Country, and Habitation, be clearly exprefled, that the
Commerce of our Subjefts own Conf»;derates fhall not
be difturl)cd, or any ways hindered -, that Ships taken
from the Enemy fliall not be funk in the Sea, nor the
Pnfoners let on fliore, or dilperfed on Iflands, or diftanj
and remote Countries, to hide and conceal the nature of
their Booty : That no Chcfts, Boxes, or Tainks, >vhicl»
thall l>c found in the Ship when taken, Ihall be opened,
or any Part of the Pri^e-goods taken away, moved, or
claiuleftincly fold : Lallly. that he ufc his bell Eiide^-
j B ' "vouri

\iM£4

4 <■ <•

;-!

vf :r^

iS5

•' voura to procure tlfe Writings and Proofj rplating to
•' tlic Goods aboard the Pnze-fliipi. that tho A«ion anU
•' Sc!/.urc» may be approved by the Ottkcrs of the Adnii-
" ralry .bovr- mentioned •. to which Officers he 11 to deltver
•' tholi- Proofs, together with the I'rize i >";« «"o '» ^-
" muintthem with the Day, Hour, .nd Place ot the
" b(a, iti which the Ship was taken : But if he (liould be
" compelled by StrcG of Weather, or Enemies, to make
" into another Port, he mull inform the abovi-inentionea
•• Office of Admiralty of all thcfe Things » and, by the
" Dittdion und Appointment of the fame, pay the tenth
" Fart o»' the Value of the Prize, the Expcnces in unloitl-
" ing the Goods, and Warchoufc-roonj, bemg firil dc-
*' dufttd. , .

•' Upon thcfe Conditions we do allow and grant, to tnc
•• abuvcnanu-d Captain (/Verjf .<i'f/-.w*', tiie freeUlcot
" our Cefircat, and Imperial Hag, Arms, and Enfign ;
" «nd wc command our GcncrJls, Governors, and cl.ict
" Commanders, by Sea or Land, and all the Officers and
" Attendants of cur Ports, (and we alfo "cfi^ o» '"«=
" Governors, Commanders, and Attendants, and Officers
" Gt our Allies, and neutral Princes) that they kindly
" receive the laid Captain Crflrj^ 6'/v/:w*f into the Ports
«' or Stations of tluir Jurililiftions, proteft him with thtir
" Patronage, and allow and permit him freely to fail, juls
*' and repals, and ai-'t in an hoftile manner againll our
" l'".nemi(s, under t!»c Limitations above-mentioned, for
•• we think it cxjwdient for our Imperial Service •, nor
*• llial! we aa ot crwill- towards the Subjcfts, or any
" Commanden ol Ships ot our Allies, or neutral Pnnccs,
" l-ut trrat tlicm with the fame Favour and Protedion :
" In I'tftimony of which, we have ordered and com-
•' manded thele Frcfciits, fublcribcd by our own Hand,
" and authorized by the Seal tf our Jnipcrial Arms, and
" undei -written by Ramundui af'iUna Perlas, Marquis of
" Hialp, our Secretary ol Sure, as ufua!, to br made.
»' Given in cur City of/';c»«tf, ib July, J.I) 17 18, ot'
" our Goverrmerit of the Empire j. oi Sfain i j. ot Bo-
•• kim:a a;;.! Uungaria 5.

" ClIARLtS."

«' The faid Captain Cecrge Sbehocke may make ufe of
" this Imperial Coir.miiron in waning af^ainlt the Spa-
" ntiir-h, ami any Subierts of the Puffelfor of that Crown ;
*'■ but r.ot againll any other Power, thuugh even Kncmies
" to the Chriliian Name, on either Side ot the Pqiiincxftial
" l>inr, nor do them the Icall Injury. Done tt Brujfeh,
" the iSthof v^'f/. 171S.

" Castmlos."

;. A CoTimifTion once obtained from his Bnintip.u- Ma-
itlty, the Slii{js ret;i:n;il to their old Nanus, i\k Sucitfs
and t'petJ'Xi! ; but another Revolution happened of a more
extraordinary Nature, wliirh was, the turning Captain
Shtl'.cike out of his Command, and making himbut ftcoi.d
in this Fx; tdition. 1 ins was, in all Probability, owing
to fome li;tle Mil\akcs in hisConduft when he nude that
Ihort Trip rohlMden^ as well ai to the Change ot (.11-
ciiiv.(Jaiuis, wi.i h might have inclined the Proprietors tu
prcttr another Otliitr, fnce now the whole Fate of the
t.xj;ec':i:ion I'.epvi.di: p; en the jxrrfcCt Knowledge of, and
lijnt Conduit m, thr South Seas, a Man ot another Turn
wx. nccellary. This Officer, wlio Wiu thus preterrcd to
Captatii S.hiivcil-f, v,ns i I'erl'on we have oltcn menrioiicd
before ; '.iz Ca|)tain Jobn (Hipperlcn, who, in Capnin
Damp.er'f. Voyaj',i s, is called Clippin^un, who lervrd under
him in the Capacity of a Mate, ar.il (jt whole Ailventiircs,
after Ins Separation from Dampier, we have already given
a IViail : But, «•. we arc now to iicconipany liim a
ftcond tmv.- rou .d the World, it n ay not be anuls to give
a farther An ount of him ; tiic railu-r, bccaul'c what I de-
liver, h from uiiiju tl.oruiblc Authority, having b' en la-
vouri-d with nunv l,ig!)t» in co.npiiing ot this \'oyaj?e.
1 Ic was born at I'amcnih, in the County of Kvrfdk \ and
his Kilations btinj^ moll ot them Seafaring Peopl. , he w.is
from his liitancy Itc ! up in that way •, and, havirjj taili.l
in ahr.oll all .Sorts of X'elTels to null of ilie Forts of
f.umpe, nr.rc to th- H'rjf Indies, .-iml onte r(jund ihe (jiobc,
Jit Iwu by diij ir.caiib gamed great F'xpciitnce, and was

The V O Y A G li i; oj

Book ].

allowed, Vy all wlio knew him, to be art able Pilot, ,,
experienced Seaman, and an Officer m capable of conduct
ing the Kxpcdition he undertook, iis any Man then in
Grtat Britain. It is true, Captain Qipptrtim Kid his
Faults \ as, indeed, who i§ without them i but they werr
very far Irom being either grofs in themfcl vcs, or dan;'troi,^
to other Men. He was a blunt, rough, free-fpokm Sailor,
had not much the Air of a Gentleman, and, therefore, h<
never aflecled it » was tree ami ealjr aniongll his Seamfin
and, though he was fomewhat patTionatc, yet he was km
ap|)eafcd, and was reatly to repair any Injury or Injultnf
he hail done in Heal of Blood. 1 le had a (IriA Kcf;.irii lu
what he took to be hi» Duty, was a Man of honei* I'n: •
ciples, and had a great deal of JuUicc and lluniaiaty ii
his Nature. I lis Circumft-nces were I ut iidifferint, whi ,1
Induced him to underukc this Voyage for rJic Kmfirg
himfelf, and his Family, which he left during this time n
Inland. The Ch-ira^ler t aptain C///»p*r/«>i liad obuirtj
amungft the Merehantt for his Skill, Fidelkv, ami itcul-
Courage^ recommended him to the Proprie ors ot this
Expedition, who, having now advanced upwards of tin, tn
thoul'and Pounds cowards it, thought proi^er to | m |,:;„
into the 5«c<-cy}, and intruft him with the chief CommirK'
leaving Captain Cetrgt Sbekotkt in the Sptedwtl, wncrc h-
had under him, as his fecond Captain, a Per1(jn wr hjv;
often nnntioned bctbre, viz. Captain Simtn Ilatlcr, thj
fame whom Captam lytcdes Regtrs K.ft among thtCj/u
pagos lilands, and who was a lung time afterwauK i'ri;u .r:
among the Spaniards.

4. The Sntlrudfions thcfe Gentlemen reccrvni, w-'i r,
Subllancc thcfe : That they ftiould pt'oreed with ,ill up;
ginable Diligence xoPljmeulb; from wlicncc they wcr-o
fail, with the firll fiiir Wind, lor Cape //«,>;, or t!c
Strcights of Magellan, and to make their P../;agf nth;:
roiin«i that Cape, or through thofe Streights, as Iheud k,
them appear motl convenient •, then to tail into tic ,Si .th
Seas, eruilc on the Coalls (if Chili, Pfru, ai. . I /?,■,„,
and ende.ivour, if poirible, to meet the /'cnfUiO '^h:\
To prevent all Dilputcs and Dilorden, tht ir I'n-prriCT
direifled the Captains to adhere lle.idily to tl.tlc ;h:c
Maxim.s : lirft. To be carelul, above all things, ii';;c
fejiarate from each other ; beiaufe that would, in ill IV
bability, prove the Ruin ot their Voyage. Tiiry <nn
next injoined to undertake nothing of In pirtar-e w r ;:
holding a Council of Officirs, Hating the C'lriinn
Writing that was to be debated, drawing up tin Rif utor^
with the Reafons ujwn which it w.is gruundctl, iier.nie
Terms, and obligi; g even. Officer .irelint to fij,n it. llir
were, lalUy, dircfled to call a Council in the amnia r.r,
as foon as jxjflible, after any Aditn hat! happiniil, . r i;
Prize of Conlequcnce been takei, in which the Cm.:-;:
of the Officers loiicerned might be examimd, an! a t«
Juilgment palfed upon it on the .Sjxjt, liibliribeci fi, u
Pcrlons affillingat the Council, to prevent all I'olHl ihr. a
Dilpute. That neither of theConimanders mig.M iw
Ofl.,n^e at the Stiidnefs of theli- Rules, or not ei.tr li
cicntly into the Motives ol them, the Lift thitn^ the I' >
priciors did, w.is, to prclcnt each of the Captains *:th .Mr
Jiogerj'i Voya;4e, that they might never Ix- at a Lef^'of I
propir Prteedi nis throughout the Expedition. Hi!fthrs
Precautions proved in a great mcafurr ufclels, fi! c &■
Expedition wore an unfortunate Alpei^l tn)m tl". BiV'-
ring ; tor rhe Ships were obliged to lie three Mon: ' i I
I'tytncuib, Waiting lor a Wind : Diirinj; which t::;i-
Thinfis tell into Conlufion, .and ladtiot.i were fi rmil, a|
which the Crews «)f btjth Ships were involved, asortttj
the Hillorians of this Voyage rightly oblerves, t'l'M'itl
Captains eluwn to tlic C.il)in -boys. Captain .'•hr.'.'.iil
highly llomacheil the Affront that lud been offer oil i ''.
giving his Ship, and the chief Command, to .'X^J^l
Ferlon i and Captain CV;/>/vr/o» being a Ix^iilcreu .'''
knowing Sbelvo(kt's Ktlentntenr, having liimfit i'^'^lj
Padions and not being able to concf:!l th-m, th r «j|
not. inij but Debate and Dilpute-; ; lo t.h.it every iitta'-r
ricd UjiC(;mi)laints to the Proprietors, and brcn,;; :
liillruiitioi.s, Ripioois, and F.xh'itations to ( 1 n i'
Ilarmtny, lij lo^g as they reir.iined in Port. 1: i'
tainly a v.ry tedious and troubkfime Otliee, to be ''•I
t'j rttoid til. -ll- tort ot <^airels ^ but, as the l-..t- -

fi: •:.

chap. I.

Qi plain John Clipperton.

.87

VDvage cicpfit'' u;)on tlicm, and, aj it wouIJ be impof-
(il)k to iiniltrllaivl wliat follows, witliout luch a previous
Aicount, wc tniift go through it as well as we can. Ic
bill, Hukfil, ken happy tor the Proprietors, the Reader,
and'mylHl,it,oii mature Confidcration on the ConfequetKes
that miift attmd perpetual I Icart-burns and Dilputcs bc-
twicntlicCommanderi, they hati wifely removed one, or
botli I in whifh ca(f, they might, very probablv, have
inuilc as profperous a Voyage as the Dukt and Ducbffs.
But it lo loll out, that the Concern every Gentleman had
tor his 1 ritnd in I'oll, got the better of that Concern
wliuli he ought to have had for himfclf, his Fellow-
Owiurs, ajid the common Good of the Voyage •, lb that
ill this as well as in many other Cafes, private Views
proval thcCaiilc of public Ruin.

;;. On the \T,t\\o'i February 1719, (iw Succefs, Captain
Clffpfton, and the ypeedwtl. Captain Sbelvecke, failed
with a lair W ind, but, with as otld a Circumftance, as per-
liaps tvtr iMpjieiied ; which was this : That the yfetdwel
haJ Itiil oil board tl;e whole Stock (jf Wines, Brand'cs, and
oth.r l-Kjuors, dcfignetl for the Supply of both Ships ;
ami, how tatal a Millake it was not to divide them belbre
thLi'titm-, will very foon appear. On the i/;fh, they had
(rclb tjaiis, Icjually, with Rain. In the Evening, tlicy
iml cnt their belt and fmalleft Bowers in the Succefs, (lowed
tkir Anchors, and found thmilLlvcs often obliged to
Ihortcn bail lur tlic Spttdwf!. Captain Shtlvocke tells us,
tlut he laive tnis Day under the i^c of tlie Succefs, and
complained to Captain Cltpptrteti of the Cranknels of his
.Ship, wlucli prccccdcd from their having to6 much Weight
slutt; anil tlicretore dcllred him to lend lor his Wine and
Bianily, winch would give him ( Captain Shehocke ) an
Opwiiiinuy of Unking down Ibmc ot his liuns into the
Hold, wiiiih would have enabled him to have liiileu n.uih
better tlun lie did : But this, it fccms, was neglected ; and
was, undoubtedly, a very great Omilllon in Cap am C/;/)-
prton \ though, at the fame time, wc mult acknowlcilge.
It argued very little f^iftniil in him of Captain Shelvoike\
leaving him \ and is the fullcll Proof poHiblci that CUp-
mtm had not any Intention to defert the Spteu'iyel, 111
crdtr to luvc the Ible Conduit and Management ol tlie
Voya;?e. On the 19th, there arolc n violent Storm be-
tween nine and ten at Night, which obliged botii Ships to
take in their 1 ojvfails. The Gale increafing, the Succefs
niiuie a .Sign.il lor the Speedwel to bring to-, which Captain
Shikcckc readily obeyed 1 and, by eleven o'clock, both
Siiips were under bare Poles, not able to fuffer one Knot of
Canvas .ill the Night through. On the 2otii, about two
ill the Atternoon, the Storm abated, and Captain Citp-
: pirten, in the Succefs, made Sail, ftcering South and by
liaft, whereas Captain Shtlvocke, acton ing tu his own
Journal, llooil away to the Nortli-welt •, lb ti\at from tins
Day they never f.iw e.wh other, till they met in the South
.Seas by mere Accident. Merc then properly begins tne
1 lillory w • propfj to include in this Siedtion, viz. tliat of
Captain Cippoti^u, in the Succefs, round the Gl< \x, i>t
whi'h hitherto the World has had no dillin^t Relation,
I theiigii there are two Hillories ol this Voyiige alr..ady
I extaiii V "■••3. one written by Captain Sbelvocke, and the
[ other by Cajitain Beiagb. The tbrnier is, ftridtly I'peaking,
I the Captain's Apology for his own Conduiil •, though it
fcimt.un.s abiimiaiicf ol cuiious 'I hiiigs, is writien in a very
|ci',t..'r iii;iiig Style, and has a .Spirit in it, which enlivens the
lAceuJiit very agre. ..bly. The other, though publiihed
l()au Year? alter, toutains the Charge agiunlt Captain Sbel-
icikf, and IS written with uncommuii Acrimony. I'he
lAuihor i.rotclUs ,111 Intention to do his Adverlary all the
ll'rejudicc inhisi'ower, and appears to have jHrrfilted very
llk-uiiily m hi' Ktlolutiun to the very lall Page in his Book;
'in wiiith, liowever, ih-re are many lurious Things, and
jlome txti.vcts Iron) a Journa of Captain Cipperion's
t'cyage. Hut this whole Book is lb b.eiided with Re-
Reitioiis and Iir.Mtivcs, that .t is no ealy .Matter tupuillie
klic Thrc.id of tiie Relation, lo as to jueia,e of the f.ti'eCts
Dt culler Wiy.igc : Anil, tiiertfore, I lound k necellary to
divule them -, and, li.iving Hated, as fairly as was in my
power, the KH;- ;ia.l Subject of this Uifpute, I have now
iw.- witli it, .iiul Ih.ill content inyldt with prolecuting
^iptain Ciippnion'i \'t,yage round the \\ orki ; in whicn

he met with a great Variety of Accidents that dcfei vc to be
known v performed fome Things worthy of Notice •, ai d,
certainly lliewcd as great an Inclination to ilo Juftice to
his Proprietors, and to maintain the Monour of his Coun-
try, as, from a Man under his Circumltances, could b^;
cxpeftcd : And therefore I have always thought it hard,
that private Prejudices fhould iiinder Jiis Merit from being
brought into public View.

6. As Captain Clipperton, who was now at Sea, was very
indifferently nrovidcii, .. without his Confort, he was
obliged to take upon him a difcretionary Power of dif-
penfing, in fome refpeds, with his Inftruftions •, but this
he exercilcd very rarely, and with the uttermod Caution.
In regard toelTential Points, he never digrefied from them,
but confuked his Officers conltantly, and did his utnwit to
profecute his Voyage with Effedt. The firft P.aco of
Reiidefvous appointed by them was the Canary Iflands j
and, therefore, he failed thither with liicii Expedition,
tfiat he ai rived there on the fifth of March ; and, liavin^^
taken in fome Rcfrelhmcnts, for which, as all his Liquors
were on board the Spccdvjc!, he had great Oceafion, he
continued cruiling, as direeHed by his Inltrudtions, in tiiat
Sution, for ten Days, in hopes of Iteing his Lonlorti
but, being dilappoimcd, he relijlvcd to continue his
Voyage, tor fear he Ihoull mils her at the next Place of
Rendtfvous, which was at liie Cape dc Verd Idands; and,
accordingly, he [diGomeru on ti>e 15th, in order to be
early in his next Station, l hefe lllanits whici tae An-
tients called the Fortunate IJlands, by realon of ti^eir i tr-
tiiUy and Temperature of Air, having been di'coverti' b/
t\v Spaniards in the Year 140^ tliey rainal th^m the Gi-
»<3r<«,orthc^a*ijff/Z)c_fj,becaufethey toui.dgriati'U.u-
bcrsof thefe Creatures here. They are icvcn 111 .dlj viz.
Lancerota, I'uerte or Forte Ventura, the Great Ct.nary.,
Hencrtff, Gomera, Hiero ut Fero, nvX Palma. 'thuLreat
Canary is lar dillant from the ctheis, and eortaii-.j (iiioo
Inhabiunts. It is t!ie Seat of the Bill-.op, the li.iiuiliuoii,
and of the Council Royal, which fov.ras all the leveti
Ilbnds. Tlure is a Mountain on t. c •yi:«fr;_/r, lalxeithe
Pic of '/>.'/( r/j/" or fcrraira, wh.ch, accorilmg to the com-
mon Opinion, is the Irghcll in the World. It may be
dillindtly Ijcm at lixty Le.igues Diftance. There is no tra-
velling to the Top of it but in Jiih and Augufl, b.caufe
all the Year l)elides it is covend with Si ow ; tn(Ai.,li tlicre
is none to be fcen at other I'laecs of that lilatiei, ror in the
odier fix, at any Time of the Ye.ir. It is three D.iys
Journey to the Top of it •, whence you m.iy lailiy ec A\
the Canary inand.s though liimi- of thern arc lix'v Leagues
diftant. PJiero, or I era, is a!.o one of the Kgsiell, but
Very barren, and fo dry, that there is not «.nc Droj) of
frelh Water to Ix: found in it, except in fome I'lans on
the Sea-fide, where it is alfo very trouhlefoine and dan-
gerous to tttch it ; but this Place the Providence of God
fupplies with Rain, to remedy that Inconvcniei.ee ; tor
there grows, alinoft in every Pi.ice, a. fort of I'rce, wliicii
is pretty big, and incomparably thick of Brai.chcs anel
Leaves 1 and its Le.ives are iony and nar ow, alw.iys green
and hvely : Ihis Tree is always covered with a little cliaKl,
that hangs over it, and wets the Leaves by its Dew, lb
that a hue clear Water diltils from them ir^to little Pails,
which the Inhabitants fet to catch it. 1 his \\ ater f.dis 111
lucl' l.irge Qiiantities, tli.it it not only alumdantly lu; pi es
the Wece-llity of the People, but is luiRcient alio lo \\arer
the Cattle. The Qinarics in gmeral a;e v. ry f rtiic, anel
abound with all Sorts of Provilions : Tiicy aiiord great
Store of Cattle, Store <-'" Corn, lloney, W.ix, Sii>ai-,
Cheefe, and Skins. The Wine ot th.it Country is plealJiii:
and Itrong, and tranfiicitcd into uil Parts ot the Woild.
The Spanijh Ships, that fail into /imcrin'., common'y liay at
thole lilands to take in Provilions. On t!ie Ki^hr-l a::d
of tliofe Iflaiids, . about ico Leagues olY, the M.irirtis
very olten perceived an llland named S. r.ara>;3rri ; tiiey
fay it is all over green, very pleafanr, and lui. or frees,
and has Plenty ofal! manner ot Provilions: Tney likew fe
lay it is inhal>iteil by C'hmli.ins, but no Alan can tell of
what Denomination they are, nor v.'li.u L.ini^uaJe t CA
fpeak. '1 he Spaniards in the Camrics ofcen iia' e .ittemptcd
to go thither, but iKVcr could find ti.e Way i;ito it ;
which r.'.it'ed an Opinion in the V c;;.-, tliat it \vas an

Illurwn,

¥'^f

tS8

nc V O Y A c; E S oj

13ook I.

'I ! i

■1,

•■il-

Illut.<in, or an inrlunn.l lllaml \ or thot the IHaiul i^ only
l.rn at cmani times .in^l not alway«. But others alln?c«
better Kt.d,.n, by li.ying, llic Maml Is Imall, and al.noll
rovcml with CIoikIs \ and th.it tlv- Strength of the Lur
rents is li) po^vcr^lll ihcrr, th.it th. y (iriVe the Mm>* fi-'m
it. I lowivrr, it is certain, th.u thrri- is fmh .m lll.iml, at
fvkh a Dilbiicr trom the Caiurtft as I meiitiomd bdorc.

>, On ti\c Jill in the Kvcning, rhey law St. I incrnt i
ami, ab<rtit tin the next Morning, anchorc.l in liic Hay,
where tin ytounil ;i /><>n* Merih.mr lhit>, ami the Dimond
«.t Hiii /. taking in a Cargo ot AlVi » for 'Jamnita. This
was fhe mxt I'lace ot Rcnilervous. 1 hey f|)ent tin Oay*
rruiling n the N( i<;hlx)urhood, in hnpes of meeting with
tlicir Conlort the Spt<,iv.tl^ but in vain •, whiih pit th C'ri w
much iHit ol 1 li.irt : .So that Cflorain Ctipfn-tii toumi it .1
v.ry tlirfioult Matter to enji^agi them to coniiiuie the N ly-
age. Am! imlecJ, (i)nru!eii;i(', the Comlition they weri in.
It is no Wonder, tlut tluy wne a little dirtident ot the .Suc-
cels olthiir F!t|H(lition,a>nlultriigth(Courl<: they wen- to
llcir, winch wa«. for the .Stieiglits .)t Afuftllan, without any
Supply ot Winf, Brandy, orodier Liquor, to keep up their
Spirits i and withal their lorce fo incoidiilerable, that they
had gnat Kealbn to doulr, whether it woukl Ik poUible
tor them to undertake .iny thin^., or even get lately out oJ
the South Sea<, in lale tliey found nothing wortli undi r-
takini;. Before we qut iIk Ir IHand.s, it will Ik projH-r to
give a (Tiort Aiiount ol tliein, .is they were at this tunc:
The Caff deyerd Ijlantis, wlikii are, by the D«/f*, i.t.'led
the iW/ Iflands, tnim the Qiianiitv of Salt found there, were
difcoverctl by the PertHgutfc in the Year 157 J, who inha-
bit Ibmr of them to this Day. They arc ten in Numlxr j
VIZ. St. lap, St. Litcia, St. I'inccnt, St. Anttmo, St. Nnt-
Us, llba Blanca, l.ln de Sa!, l.'ha dt Muh, Uhn de /-'of #,
and Ilha dt Bena yijh. Tluy reach from the Gr((H Qif<,
of wh:rh we (hall Ipeak herratter, 160 LragiKS into the
Sea, Some were ot Opinion, that they were named (irern
IJliindi from the Gretn dipt -, otlier^, becauli: tlu .Sea that
furrounds them is covered with a |j;rri-n He:b, by the Per-
luguefe called Strgal/o, or CrefTts , JHcaulc it is much like
Watir-creflVs. This Herii fo i overs the Sea, that you
can hanlly fie the Water \ nor can Shij» tail thm' it, but
with a l^itT Gale ot Wind, It protiuces Berrns, much
like white ("foofeberrits ; but they have no nanner of Tafte.
Nobody can tell how it grows ■, tor there is no Ciround or
1-and abjut the Place whin it tloat.s upon the Water : And
It canflot come from tlie Bottom of the Sea, Ixvaule the .S«i
is very deep, ami, in m.iny I'laten, un'athomable. You
bi-gin to Ice that 1 Icrb, wli.n you tome to the Latitude of
■?4% where it lies !o thuk, t!iat one would take it tor lij
tnany Illands ; but, wliat is more olifrivahle, you cannot
tec tins Herb any-wlierc i he. When the Fcriuguffe Jilco-
vered tholi- IHaiuls, tluy were all drfcrt and uninliabiicd 1
but now they ati'ord plenty ot Kiie, Meal, T^T/./r/rt;; Wheat,
Oranges Ij-niors, Citrons, Bananas, Ananas, li^ii.mfs, Ba
taras,Mclons,Cu( unib; n, Lompions, and leviral other torts
ot l-ruits. They prtxiiK c allii darden and Wild-tigs, juve
Vimyaids which txar Cuapis twice a Year, and abundance
of grrat and fmall Cattle, but ifp. cially KiOs. 'I'he lllands
cjI Bona Cjla, Mmc, and df Sal, h.ive Meat enough to lade
the .ships, that go to Hraf:!. The Ciipital City is .V/. la^o,
thi (iovtrnor whrrcif tonim.imis ail the Illands ui dcr tiie
Kii-p, of Pcrtu^nl, and nlidrs thrre. It hath alfoan Arrhi
cjiiiopal Seci and the Jurildictjon ot that Prelate reaches
not only over the lllandi, hut over all the Conquetts the
Pcrtttgufje have mai'.c on thb .Sk'.c th.- Ca^ic ot (..ca Htpt.
All tlu- Illands ot Laji- de l,ru aic good I'laces to take in
treih Water upon a lor.g \ uyagi- i tor, m the Iilanl of
Mato, as we laid betore, there is a little River totlir l-oll,
and, the Land beini; uninlubitcd, nobody can hindir you
from taking it ; ami, coming baik, you may toiiih .it the
lOand ot St. Juieme, where there is alto very gooti Irclh
Water, witii g(jo<l Relrtnimcnt of Fruits, as Oranges, (r'i .
There are m that Maml loinc Portw^ueje ; but to lew, that
tiiey cannot himler you liom ukuig wliat you plcati-.

«. On M,iy 29. rhey h.ul an Oblervation, and found
thcnilil'.cs m the Latitude of -,i' i.-;' South, being tl.tn otf
Cape ; irgm Man, tlie North Point ot tlic hntrancc ot the
Strcigl.ts ot Magellan, ditlant tiom lufgo, one ot the Lape
del era IJLinds, i.-bu Leagurs, rncridioiiul Uitiacntu j6»

4 Wi ft. The next Day, tlir-y f nrermi the Strrighu, whuh

aojKared like * laige deep Bay I'rocrccimg higher up to

*-litnnEhtai^lh't l/land, they lent their Piniuce athorc on

tiK Main 10 a trilli-watei River, which wa» at this time iru.

7.en up. 'I hey li«w large Ikxks ol dceli.- atui Ducks tierc-

tboutsj but they werevcry thy. rhe.Siirgr<)n'«Matc,|)y(;,me

Accident, was left alhore, when the Boat tame oft ; and the

next Morning, when he was brought alHuril, he wai near

(Lad with Cold. 'I'hey r«mained ftttnt time at i^etn Li,.

zahlh's Iflmd, whieh is ilry, and, generally Ijx-akmK,

l)aricn» except as to Salads, of whkh they toiiikl grr«

|)lenty, that were ot intinitc Service to ihem at that iinif,

when tiiey were lick of the Si urvy . 'Ihe only \ hrb, th«

detcrvs to be partuularly taken hotire ot, was Smallagi-, ui

an extraordmaty Si/e, wimh they eat raw, boiled m tiuir

Soops, and kei« tlu- Juice ot it in Bottles. Oti Jne i;

they tint tlieir Carpenter, with iluir Calks, on lliore, toti:i

their empty ones, and to look a pro|)cr Piece ol Wooil tor

a Muen-maft Tli:.y met with great pfcnty of Wikt tr,w!

and Shell-tilh on ihore \ which were very welcome to all tnc

Ship's Company, who lound their Stomachs imrealt, i\

tnry wcit obliged to come to Short-allow.iiKe. Dr. ti;:

tjd, they amhorni in a line Bay, which, trom its Dm,

they called Nob«llom liny The frets on lliorr were v ■,

high, and loaded with Snow , to that there could not ; ,

more aHonilhing I'ri.tjieif . On rlie Uj\\\, tame a (. : , ,

with tour Indians, tlut is to fay, two Men, a Woman, i.^

a B<iy, on lK)ard them. 1 hi-y were of a middle .St.it:;;.,

dark Complexion, their laces broad ai\d round, low I or

heads» bl.ick Hair, very lank, ami Ihort, with no Lloa;..

ing, except a Piece of Skin to cover their Middles, V, jut

lecmeii moll remarkat)le was, their having a kind of a .Strcu

round their Wriils, ot an Azure, jierfeilly fine. It Ice ii,

that thefe Savages are extremely jealous of their Wun.ci;

for, notwithllanding all that couki be iitid to them, \.k)

would not permit the Woman, who wa» with thc-iii, d

come on board. Captain Qipperton ordered diem Hr-i!

and Checfc, and a Dram of Brandy, the' it was very lUr,;,

Tlie former they cat very heartily, or rather greedily , \v,

the latter proved dilagreeable to their Smell, and they loui!

not be prevailed upon to taltc ir. They brought l()tnc«. J

Geete and Ducks, which they exchanged lor Knives 1 aJ |

had a !• irt in the Mitidle ot their Canoe, which was iiut

of the Bark of Trees tewed together. They lud Bo»ui>:

Arrows, and fome I- ifhing- tackle akmg with them. Arc:

about two Hours Stay, they rowed afhore, mAiiig .si^r-,

that they would come again. The next Day in the kwo

noon, tlie Pinnace was lent afliore, and returned in ::t

Lvening, with the Indian Canoe laden with large .Muircis,

whii h the Indiam had ttucked with their People tor Btti^

Knives, and other I hings. In the Beginning of the Morr.

ot July, they found the Weather very moderate. Thf Ni

tives were very tar from being lb inil'chievuus a l'eo['l: i

they are generally reprclentcd 1 ot whieh they haii twu:;

markable Inllartes : I'he firll was, that one ot thei.'.VItr.

whom they had on Ihore two Nights and a Day, was vt

kindly treated by them : The other, that one of tin N;

tives lieinj.^, by Accident, left on boiud the Ship, thryu,i!

the next Day, without any Fear, and carried liunavtay*"

ihem i which (hew-., that, it they arc well treatnl, t'ui

are not treacherous. Another /»«<</<»/i Canoe, tlut (.inxit 1

l»ard, lud I'evcral Women in it, e.ich with a Neikioi-!:

very tmall thining Shells ot live or fix Rows, very n.-i

llrunj.', whidi locked hke Mother-ot-iH-arL All this -xs,

their .ship'i Company was very fickly, and leatre j Lht |

p.iiieii, luit loint orothir died ; which was general!;.' j

butrti to tiicir want ot jomcthing comtortablt in tonijirou I

a (.limate, lor, tiio' they liad Ibmetimes tai,' nnVcrK

Weather for two or three Days together, yet it was u.t

nually varying-, and, perhaps, for two or three Daj^*:?

warJs, they had nothing but Snow, Rain, tml Slcit. ''J]

great Haws tiom tlie Sliore, that were mtoler.ihiy Ih

On July 8. they buried their Mailer Ciiinner alhi.i- :

a treble Ditchargc ol their Sinallarms. They taulcil.il-

Plank to tx; driven at the Headot his Grave, on wliMi**!

the following Infcription ; Mr. William Pridli.m;, Onw[

cf the Succels, dectajed li\\^ the jth, 1710, in 1 1' 1. ^ !"'!'■■

and he J buried hcrt. On tlie 201I1 in the Niorniiig, '.■1* |

Mitthti and Lieutenant Daiijen went in the i'liir *'^ '•

mm. i
rJliJ

chap. T. Captiiin John C i. i p p e r t o n. l8p

>t,ir,i dil Fu(ie, or tlic South Sliorr, in orjir to nmkc .i ami betook tlicnifrlvM to tlu- Mountain : As it was vrrf

Til ovcry ot the 1'all.irti^ that tht Irtmb i'lirlitit h Uu.\ lu iiKonvcmnit to lolc lo many rixkI 1 lands at luch a tunc,

liiVi w/i.t tlirn^'ji iiiiu th»' South Sea A/wv 171 j. antl to unJ not a htth- danj^rrous to leave tlicni in luth a I'l.ite,

i,v it thiTi wj-. mv anihoriiiH l)<)onil t.i|)f .';^«d./, Ixing Captain Uippnton oriKred the ntcciraiy Miafurcs. to be

I ,.|,il|ini wiih all N'riffarKS t .r that 1'uhm)Ii'. l)ii fht;
'otH, the riiinaci k ruinn!, havinn luuiiJ the I'air.mc thru'
imuii ilie 7i/r/.M nafliil, Init lb r.iitow, that it wai juilgcj
fii/ir.liHH to 1^0 t.ir that Way : iiul their rrovifioni lelj
:lMMt,anJ, that IM.iu atronlinjj; no manner ol Supjtly, they
»nt toueil to return, k-lun they <.ouKl lati>ly tluiiiklv.i
thorou{;hly . yet th-y louiiil Lveial goo.l Hiyn to the Noilh-
w^ll ot Cape '.'^Hitd to anchor in. 'I"hf I'JiMi ^.avc tlicin

taken lor a|)preliiniling ihi in, but witliout I'lTtct. Al
lait, the Day Ik fore the Ship was to h avc the itland, Lap-
t.Un Miubtlly with fome more Offiiu , went in the Pin-
nate to the l'.aft Fart of it, to look forthtfe lour Men, who
had tlien abfentcd a Forrnidit, two ot wiiiih Men they
found in the C'ullody of the CJoat-huntcrs having met
wiih tiiem in I'url'uit of their Game \ who alFirmed, they
^ ^ ^ had greater Dillicultv in feturing thcfe Fellows, than in

Se;!, Willi h tliey bioijid and roalUd, and laid it eat oi killing double the Number of Goats i bccaulc they were
will as any N'enifon. On /lit^nji 1. in the Morning, Cap- lorced to lire Hveral times at rhem before they would liir-
umMitibell, with three other Officen, went a fecund time render. The Piifoners acknowiedgcd, that, for the firll
to look for this new i'afTage ^ but, alter the Urirtell l-Jta- five Days, they were hard put to it, being forced to fublill
niiiition, loukl not Hnd, that it led into the South Si as, wholly on the Cabbage-trcts, of which here is great Plenty i
hut only into a.i Jcy H-iy, and this PaJlaiic too lii narrow, ()ut a.ided, that, having, by good Fortune, one Night found
tliat their Slnp toiild not have nude Way through it. foiiu- lire that wai kit by tiicir Hunters, it liirved them in
Alter Captain iW/.'./W/ returned, they itlblved tuprokeute good Head i for they could then drcf« their Flofli, and fill
liirii V()yj:;r through ilie Streighu, which, with muih their Uilliev The lame Iv eiung, they brought on bo.irJ
l).ing:raml Ditfituliy, they did, Uingall the tunc at veiy all the Filli tliey had laked, lour Casks of Seei-oil, and
fliort Allowance, viz. at one Piece of Beef or I'ork to fix whatever illL- Ix'loiiKe.l to tlii:iii. As Uion as the Crew were

M n. (Jii .I'uj^vjf iS. ilicy arrived in the South Seas, but
tiir Crew were tlu n in li) weak and w.ary a C'oiuiitiun,
t!i;it It w,is fimply impi)irible (or them to uiuieitake any
t!.i: ;; iininaimtely : Iklidcs, Captain ClifpertiH \\as deiet-
mined to piiiluc his InUrudticns dolily •, and iluretore rr-
iMv, (I tn ilecr for the lllai.d ul Juan l\rn,tHJtz, the thud
aiHJ hi\ i'lacr ot KentltI'voli'!.

.1, 0» S:ptttiiitr ;. Captain U^fprrtan, in the Sufft/s,
antliorcd bctore th.- lllan.l Juan I'Wn.tuJtz, wlueh he
luiJied very diligently, in Hoi>es ot liiuling foiiic Telli'
niony ol th<' S^n.iwd's having btui then, but to no luaii-
nii tit I'uiyoie. H;s next Caie was to comply, in all rc-
Ipccti;, with his InlliUiiions, hy riin»iniiii', uimn, anderuil-
ir|^ a! out tin llland lor a full Nloiith. I le likewile onlereil
ail Irifinjnion to be cut, <>n a rcniarkaMc Tree, lioiitiin;
tlic I jmiing-pL'cc ; (o rhat it was impi>Hil)le liir .my Ship's
Crew U) CDine afhore, u.mI not (Ic it. This liilciiption ran
thii>. Captain y<>i« — If^. Mag«; lynj, T\\\^H ilium
Mo'" w.is Surgeon on buait! the Sucifj's, and a I'erlun ex-
trtmuy well known by Captain Sbi-'vnlr, iind all lii.s
Ship's Cunipar.y. '1 i.e liiaiiin why Captain dii/ptncH'i
Njme was not ii'.fcrtcd in tins IiiKripiion, w.is pl.anly ilus j
that ii.ivingcruiled before in the South Se.is, a' il li.iving been
»f) a long nine Priti)nsr among the Sp,m.i:i\:.i, In di.l not
tl.e.k ht 10 give them Notice ot his \U turn iiit>> thole I'.uis.
He luxt U;u .Uhoti moll of Ins Ikk I'lOj 1- , ai. ' nu-'e ule
01 all theCoavinicnties thelllaiul .iHindni lor their Rcco-
viry ; but luiirai It cxticnicly i!iT.cu!t, i ithcr to ullnre the
.Skk to Health, or to predrve thole that were v,\\\ in to-
kraMe Spirits, without io much as a Drop ul Wine,
Bi.m>ly, or other ftrong l.lquoi-, not that his I'eople w\re
I given .'o drin!;iiig in an ■.■xti.ivag.mt Degree, but becaufe
the Tliouj^hts ot being without .my Ci'idi.il, if they fell
lick, ilrjoae.i them cxcrliivily. 'l"he Weather was Vvry
thangtrablc while they continutd tlu re, ali.uutance ol K.iin
lalluij;, and t!if y had alio tiiiiie hard Gales of W ind : 1 low-
I ever, they took a great many tioats, whi> h not only fers t d
[thein li)r the pretcnt eating, but likewif' feived to iiuie.ile
} their Sea Sto.-e, becaufe they luad an Opportunity ul l.ilt-
jingtheni; ihmc Frcmh Ships that had touched on the
iKlaiul, having left a great Qiiantity tiierc ready made. The y
IlikewilL wooded and wjttr d with great Convenieiny, and
IfK-aiifd their Ship, that Ih.- might be in the In-ttcr Coi'ulition
It) id m the South Seas, where it was now vil'ible they were
Itue.uifc alone; tor Captain Clipperton via% chaily ofOpi-
uon, tlur t!n- Speed'xel w.is loll -, ...r at leall \\: gave out
; > ius Ship's Company to p.icily them, and to hinder
k>m lioni curling contKUi.illy Captain Sh-'vctkf, lor run-
iiiu;away with their 1 .iquors, which, howewt, fome of
'- lit .4 Men did with tlu::r dying Hrcadis. One thing was
veiy extraordinary, that the Beauty and FVriility ot thi»
Ilia' >i, compared with the Dangers and DilficuUies they
VLTe lure to meet with in the South Seas, tunpted lour of
pptnin Clipptrtctt's Men to enter into a Scheme for re-
Viinmg in PoITeirion ot lb valuable a Countiy. In pur-
'.ifiL- ot which, they a^ually ran away lioiu the Sliip,
Nu.viB. 13.

on board and mulLred, on Oiloher 7. they prepared t»
fail i and, in the mean tune. Captain MtUhcll went on
fluirc .ig.iin in the Longboat, to let up aCrofs already cut
lor thai l'ur()oIe, at the Foot of which he buried a Bottle,
in which was < oiu.Vuw(l a Lctitr lor Captain Sutlvocke, di-
redlihg .mother I'lace of UendelVous, and fome proper
Signal to knosv e.ich otlicr by at Sea. At eight in the
Morning, they weighed from the Idand of Juan I'ernandez,
and left their two Men in Pollellion ot u, who arc to be
1 puted Succerturs to Govrrnor Stlkirk ; tho', fur any
tiling I know, We have not the flighted Memoirs of tlieir
Adminillration.

10. Alter leaving the llland of Juan fernandtz, Cap-
Liin Clipptrhn failed' Northward, till he was in the Parallel
of l.tma, when- he intended to aft, though he was now
ill a Very iniliirercDt Condition, having loft thirty Men
Utween the Time ot his paflTing the Equator, .ind his
leavinp, tJie llkinU of Juan ternandtz. His Men exprelf-
ing fnme I'liealinifs in relation to Plunder, he refoIvr:d, if
pollible, to let that Poiiir to rights, by tixing a Paper to
the Main-maft, which was alTentcd to by the whole Ship's
Company.

" I. riu- M.m who firft 'fpics a Sail, proving a Prize,
" to have live Dollars for (Very hundred Ton tlie Priic
" meafures.

" 11. I'.very Man aUurd a Prize, found drunk, or in
•' any iiuhcent Ad with a white or black Woman, to be
" punilhed according to the Nature of his Offence.

" III. F.very Man, of whatloever Degree, concealing
'* any Money, or other Thing, above the V.aluc ot half
" a Dollar, Ih.ill Ibifeit his Share of liich Prize, and
" tAenty Dollars out of his Share in the next that IhaJl be
«' taken."

On O::oher 25. being in the Latitude of Lima, they
gave Cluce to a fmall X'ellel, wluch they came up with,
and took .ibout eleven a Clock. She was their firft Prize,
and but ,in ill Omen of their Succels in this Profeflion,
lince Ilie proved, in all rcfpcds, hardly worth taking.
She was .1 Snow of torty Ton Burden, laden with Sand
and Kubbilli for Manure : She had feven Indians^ and two
Negroes aboard, her Mafter being left fick alhore. AH
that Captain Clipperton' ■a People could find worth taking,
W.IS two Jars of F-ggs, as much Treacle, and a Couple of
Pieces of Flight in ready Money. The next Day, they
met with a better Prize, which was a Ship called t'ic Si.
I'lmtnty of 150 Tons Uden with Wood from GujaquU.
'I'here were two Friers, fixtcen Indians, and four Negroes
alxwrd. On the 30th, they had the good Fortune to take
a large Ship, bound from Panama to Lima : She was
called the Trinity, of the Burden of 400 Tons 1 and had
been taken by Captain Rosers, when he plundered Guia-
mil ten Yeats before : She had a great many Paffcngers on
board, and a Lading of conlklerable Value. On A/cww-
btr 2. they took another F'rizc, which was a Veflel of fe-
vtnty Tons, on board of which were the Countefs of La-
rnna, and fevcral other Palfengeis, a great deal of ready
3 c Money,

i^M

rtiii

^.'/m

ipo

7/jc V O Y A C; K S of

ficH)kl

1 1. It wn flic aoll., ulwut cicrt m llir Afternoon, v*:, n

M.(!

V J 1

iDit cicfinil t!ic t.HintrlJ to inlurm him, wlictlKT Ihc wi»
inclincil to l>4y im \f*u\ thr I'rizr, or aii«Tf of the Ai-
coiniiKxUtions they * err 4l)lc to art.ml her on Iwar.t the
Situtfi. .Shr nuilc tlir torn\cr her Choicr, aiul ihf I «p-
t4in VI ry jK.htrly Irnt an Olfircrof Marino, with aduif.l,
on Ixxinl thr IVit^', to jirevcnt hrr b<inj; mo|.«al v «nil
with ftru't Older?, to lutlrr nolxxly t«. unci hn «• al'i'i ' "'
her own I>on.rrtiis : Ami hr hkrwifc fcnt I'art o» th<- V^ "'C
ami Hrandy on bo'r I thf othrr l'n/c«, tor the Vu (I hii
Sranirn, who wrrr iii roiriUkm ol tlicm. ami to whom, nu
doul>t, this wat .1 vi-ry wtKome Kctrilhmtnt.

1 1 It i.t .1 Miflakc that many aHc Orfurr*, Ixjth hy Sea
and i .iml, hive > imimittrtl, and therefore we need the Iris
wornlir :it it in L^\ tim VJtPprrton \ that the IXIire ot Ac-
quiring grows with Acquilition, till the I'owrr ot prilerv-
inK is ablolutely loll : He had alrrady ilctached Icvcral Ol
ficrrr, a id alx)vc a Third part of lii^ Company, to takr
cue ot his Fn/.es \ ami yrt was xs e.ipcr to take mon ,
as il, inftrail ot a I'rivatcrr weakly nuiund, hi had i«in-
maiult-d a Sqiudion ol Ships of War. On the i ith, they
diliovi red a \ t(U I at fomi Pilluu <•, whiv h was a l.cmitn
huilt l*ink, of 2(.o loiiJ Hiirdrn, lnHind from I'dn.ma to
/jwj, with Wood, a Cargo of very little Value to them :
yet (hiv I'nze they added to tlieir Number. The Name
or her W.U the Hcjtirio -, and hrr Mailer, who was a very
C'lninnR Fell<iw, loon law the ^rror that ('hpperton liad
commiitni, nml rrlolve I to take Advantajje of it: He
Riieirevl, by the Number of I'lUi-s that wen. alrea iy with
the En^'-'lh Conimi^dor , he could not (end many Men
on board his Ship •, and, having iviiit a do^tn I'alienger,
he direcffil ihcin, under the C nmni.ind ot a t'rrn<b Boat-
fw4in, to hide thrmftives in th'- Hold, with Ortkrs, on
his makiiip a tertajn Signal, to fci/.c as many ut the Enghlh
asramedowni afluring ihem, that he, with the Ship's
Company, would br ablt- to manage the reft. As loon as
the Ship ftmck, Cai'tain dtpprrton tent Lieutenant iVr-
jfantfev, With eight Ivlen, to take I't irelTion ot her -, who,
as fjon as he camt on board, ordered all th.it 3;>|iearal to
hiin, luth as Seamen, />fiM»/, and Negroes, into the great
Cat->in, and pl.i. rd a Centmel at thr Poor ot it. Thinking
that all I iiings were now I'rcure, he lommanded ihe Top-
fails to be hoifted, in order to Ihnd to the Lommoilore :
'lilt Men, r.ot in the leall .ipprehenlive ol Dang t, went
down into the Hold to fee what was in th> Ship; ujion
whkh the Falitngers, who were ronceaied, tallied out j
kniKk(<1 moll of them down •, and the innih Boatfwam,
romtng behind Mr. Serjamtjcn, knocked liim down like-
wifr, .md then ordered thtm to he -I'l ! ound. The Spa-
nicrJi in the tj;rcat Cabin, in the n'.ean trr.e, iicuicd the
Ctntind , and, having thus rcroverul their Shiji, h.-gan ntxt
to confdtr wh.it they oiild do with her. '1 he Captain
wns lor grtt'.rg aihorc at all Fvents , which Uefign (.1 his
he purfu-d To eagerly, as to run his Ship upon tiie Rocks,
where hiinklr, hu t otripany, and h;b I'riloncrs, were all
in equal Pander ; which he n > loonrr perceived, than he
ordered all the linglijh to K- unbo'jnd, and, by gofxl l-or-
tune, every Man of them got laf> on fhoie ; after whicli,
l.ieutcn.int f^rrjenntfen, and l'.;s People, were fent away di-
rectly I'lifoceis to f.'ma. I l.c- N'lieroy of Peru was no
fwner aequaii.tcd wiili tliis har Iy Afliofi, than he ^jve
Ord.en lor the building a new Ship at (luiaquil lor the Cap-
ta-ii, .ind ordered all the Tra i-rs to Ir taxed towards the
l-.xjYrcr of her -, intending this a-, a Reward for the Ser-
vice h- had rendered to tlie Pulilir, and hoping thereby to
cncnuragr others to behave as he h.id done. On the Ar-
rival ol the Frilbncrsat Lima, nuy weie ilof'ly < xamincd ;
and one of them gave a full ,\rer,unt of every thii^g
he knew, and partirularly of the two M< n l.tt Ujxjn the
Iil.ind of Jton lernandez, and ol the leaving theie a Bot-
tle, with a Letter m it lor his Contort : Upon which, the
X'leerry ordered a fmall Vtfr.-! to be (Hted <.ut, to letrh
.way thofe rwo Men, and the Bottlr coi:t.iiiiitig the Sig-
nals ; at'.d this was acronlingly jxTlormcd. 1 have drawn
the Whole of this Relation toLjet/r i, ih.it the Reader might
hast It in ore View i and Ihall now return to Captain Clip-
prrtotu and tlic manner in wiuclihc profcoir.-J his Voyage
alter ih« unlucky Accident.

olxyingit, nude ail the Sail Ihc tould tor the Slure, i,^
iniii.riiuiely lu(|>edted what had li.ip|i«nrd i atkl, hiiJiryit
imiHjIlihle to lometipwiih her, 1h gaii to coiifider new
wlut wa« lilt f» h)! hini to do, to pi> vmt the LaJ t|j;<,,
that mii;hi be lealonalily apprehended Iroiii her Crew gci
tmg on Ihoic And ttietetorr the next Morniiifr he va«
pru itntly lUtcrniiiKtl to lit all \a\ Spaiiijh I'liim.tr, 4.
Liberty, as well to Uve I'rowlioi,', wl.;<ii, at iliin.i,
lie could very ill fpar, , ti that ih ir goovl Lilagc inijii,; ,
Ipetdily known, and n tumid to lut h ol his Men as wr.
in their I'owc It ii not caly toiomtive, how a»ii,|
or a bitter, Kxi'Tilient rowkl Ijc th' ught ol at ri,ch » J ,..
^lure i and tluielore 11 i» but doing Jiifluc to this (),(,.;
to temark, that hu fo liKldcn'y ucolliilin; hiinl 1, ij
corridting his F.rror, w.is luHkient to ixuile hm.i i|j;,(;.
aliy il we iiflefl, that, for one O'lur, lapable ol mA.
ing luch an Amcm's tor it, there might k- twc; y ftnir ,
who, alter filling into fuih a MilKikc, lould niv.r th ,
ol maVing any Amtmls at .ill, but rather enipii.y i,.,
Wiis in Iratiiiiig Firtion* to conical it. Oi the i^{ , i],.^
took anoihr I'ri/.e, i ailed Cw_yc/<»»t, of iiK Ut ^ui |,;,,
Btirilen, l.ulrn with Wood from l\iii.ii,.a lor /„«,(, h.\,i .
on board forty Negrovs, anu tinrty Sp.miarJj, n.(j|l 1/ - , ,1
I'all'epgers. On the lyih, they tame to an AnJi. r ,» ;;i
all their I'rizc;. at the Iflar.d Ijj IVmui, where thi ( i ,,
b<'gan f. rioufly to eonfi>'.er, how he fliould make tin ! ,
of this l'x|Hdition lor his Owners, as well as In niilt, ...
his Comp.iny. He knew that M the Coal! wa.s aU'iiK, ,
and that two Mi'n of War, one ol filty, the uhcr uf liirtv
(iuns, were tilted out on I'uriwfe to take hiin : I U »ij
Icnlible, that the Cioi^ls he h.ul on board were rot liL ,
to b«- ranfonml in tlut I'art ol the World -, and that th ,
woiikl I rove mere Drugs, if brought into this 1 aiul ihr:;.
fore lai.: all thcle I'hings together ; anil, rtl'c^lmg uii a h.-
pofition irjnuily nude by Captain U'ccJts A'c^.t', 1 1 k:\
a Cargo t,t m h kir.d of i'rizegoiHls to Bfitfil, k rcio.vj
to try t;ie F.xperinunt , and acioidiiig lit littid 01,: ; ;
B.irk, HI v.hii h he took the Countels of Im^uku -, ii.ui.: ; 1
her with eight Ciuiis ; and, putting on board hti t;.i.:,..-,
kni^lijhmtn, and hu Nigitx-s, with what I'lovilic ■ r;
othr NecefTaries he tould fpare, he called her tli ii.. .
Into tilts \'i lU I he put a Cargo ol Eurofxan Coniii.K w.-. ,
valued at n .hu I'oundi nn I u;.\vards ; and, onthe j-[ ,
Ihe lajcd lor Urnfil, undu the Command <.f C::|;;.a
MiiihtU, As loon as (he was gone, t!ic C aptaii; Jti .
min-d to jMit with his other rri/(s, both of wiui Ii.hr ;■
lented to ilie SpaniarJj, after taking out ot thei.i w .; .
thought valuable, and detaining o(ily the Captain <.!
of them f<jr his I'ilot, and all the NegriKS •, aftei s\.;.cl..:
lailed from that llland, in order tu iruifc in his lo;ir ■
Station.

I ?. On Dtctmher 12. tliey faw a Sail about fiV' in-h-
F.vening, and, at ftvtn, tf)okhcr. She was tailed the A! .-,
Ixiund trom CItrript tor Panama, laden with P;vili f..
Their i .aui.ch .iiid llnnoce were all Day employed 111 lr:.i-
iHg on biiard the Flour, and other I'ruvil'ions, in or>;a o
ililiharge her. ILviiig got as muth Flour i:ut ni iur ■
thrycoukl well How away, they tut her Mair.inartb
l{oard, l(ft Ihe Ihoul.l o-.trfi.t, and To kt her go. 1 - !
fullers inlormcd them, that their Mm, who smi;- ,; t
taken by the Spnnmrds, were fcnt to l.ntia by I -in. ii ■■
they continued to truife, landing otVall D.iy, aiul io*i;Ci
the Shore at Night-, but nothing h.ip}xned tdl tli- ;' 1
that they anclwrcd in Guan^huco B.iy, in nine Fati.i'in, ■ .;
Ground, and found two Sh:j)S at Ar.chor. Tluy i:'c. '
Shot at each 1 but they m.idc no Return. SckIihj; t. a

their Boats aboard, they found them abandoned, ^1^: 1

d'f.over, tlut .ill the Latling liatl been juft tak n o.t, ^•
nothing lelt aboard, ixccpt Ibinc Bt..id, anil a ;.-* .U'-*
Water. They hung out a Mag ol Tiucc, and lirf'' :*'|
(iuns at half an i lour'i liittival, hopii g they woiHb:
come aboard to rmlom tlieir Ships, 'i'nty anlwcicJlKu
Shore i but, no Bo.it ciniing, ihcy fired again, and i>iii^" 1
ed there till the next Day, when, licmg it was 1.1 vain"
wait any lunger, and that they w^uld neither rai.lfin r» '
bej; their Ships, they pulled down the r'l.i;j, and ttu

Clu[). I.

Ciiptaln John C i. i p i' i: k t o n.

J 1 JiV. ir.i::-

e^iT', 1 1 kri
'/, h. rdu.vj
ittiil o^,: : •
\r.a ; ll.i/L;.:,i
d liti ti.i.t.a
'loviiuii- ri
r tlr C/i.C'

,011 the r\\
1 (.t Cij^.n
^\\,\^.\\ Jti;-
N\lm!ihr[r ■
lilt 1.1 *hjil;;

.itM- *l'..c!.,<
III I.:*. !')" '

to vMre 'ji'y
.iiwl to*i:i:i

Tluy !:•?•■'
, Se'HiinR t..a

lik.n O't, *''M
1 x tfw JaiiJ
ati.l llrcJi'M
L y WOl'l 1 ^-'■

[11, ami i>'i»'
was i.iviini'l

Sliini on Firr. Afirr the takinj^ of thcfc Shipi, it w.« re-
l„|vl>>l 10 Iv-tr nwiy for Ktlicrtimcnt to the Ga.'/np .gtj
Ilbnls chrrc kmn a Rrcatcr IVulirthility oJ thrir iloitin it
tht;. iiMiiKikftiil, thjii in oiiy <»tli«T I'art of the .S<iuth Scai »
uiil 4u(H.lm«ly. tow.irli the Uttrr Kml of the Ynr, th<y
tnii thu I 'Winn III I'jtmition. ()ii 'January q. lyio, tliry
i/nliornl m f'erk R«M(I, cm the Nouh Side ot the /)«<'^ 0/
t'tii'i l/liiJ, imnipihutrly under the Kqtiinoftial, where
lliry tiHind pool Water, iJ nilibrd anil cU-aned their Ship,
»nt\ .iJt< r t( n Dayi qiiifted tlioli- IlLindi, ami I'lilal to the
Nortliwanl. I ranrot help rcni.irkinn upon thii Occafion,
thii ihh intinly jullitie* C apiiim Covley from the AljierfionA
fhmwn upon him l>v l-inr WnnrH, a» il he h.i(l riv< 11 a fan-
uliilAcciHJPtofthxIi' llliml^ ', .iiul I imiU intrrar my Ucad<Ts
toohlrrvr, that, arnotiR other Ailvantjjjcs rcfultmn in thu
Hill'iryo' Circumnavipifors it 11 no Imall one, tliat, hy
cnm|>«rinR thtir Aoounfi, we corrtd abumlancc ot tlu ir
MiitJtrs commiifrH chictly fiom thiir I'niiulicd anainlt
each other, and 'rum tlv I'alHon that almoll every one of
thrni entrrtii'nrj, of pairmy lor an abler Scinun than the

tflt.

14. On the 21ft, tliey n„u!e a Sail, ami lontnued ilulc-

ing till rleven at Nif^ht, when they came up witli hir \ an.l,
on thrir lirtn{', ot thnr firff (iun, llie Ihutk. This Ship
irovdl to lie tlu- Prime tttft if, lw)u:>d liom Pannma, and
Itivni; oiibo.ird th<- Marquis de Cil.'a /<«('"■, who h.id lieen
PterKlent thrir, and all his Kamily, wh' were 'V""R to
Uma. 'Ihis wa< the very Ship, in whitn ', aptain Chfttr-
till w;ii ciriuiiw>ntei!, and taken in Im lall Voyaf^c .11 tlulL
Sr.is whin he w.is very inditVcrcntly ulcii ny this N'irquis.
*honiiw lay at his Meny, ai\l wiioni he u'ed, iiotwith-
ftandinp, with all the t ivilify |H)irililc. On l-ihrHary ■
a.-AJ/»/i>rJilyin^i>f a WuuirI he had niciviil at the faking
th.s Ship, the Marquis dclired he might K' huricd arcord-
int; to their Cerrmonics-, which w;i* granted. VVhrn the
oifir!.' for rhc Dead had been p-rtiTmed, and the (,"o';-<(-,
wlurli lay ready on a (iratin<;, was thrown owr-l'oard, -^it.'
a lar(;e Ba>? of Ballait tinl at his ha, the Sfaiiards < yin^^
thriie, a< th(ir Ciillom is on fixh ()i oafions, Hon yi '^c, 1. c.
a Roiid V'oyaRf, th'- llcxly, to the .^diriiration ot every one,
prclintly iloatrd, and (o iiinuot tlua in(( a/, lar as they couKI
i fee It-, whieh the Marqui". dt I'llla A'ai'econrluiled tolv- ,1
I Trry ill Oimn, and dc< hired, that lit- expedti d fomc furpiifc-
I inj» Accuient to Ik the Contlqnrnee. On March ^. a
[ Priell, who w L? on lv)ar(l the Prime Engine, and the bviat-
Ifwainott'i t Siiip, difin I Leave to yo on (Viore on the
Hand ot Idas, which was granted them, on condition
ihcy would [K-r'uade the InliiUitant* to drive fome Rlack-
jtat'.le to the Shorr, in order 10 exiharp;;- them for what
|G(>0(.ls they liked Ix-il ; whuh they tauhhilly pronufrd.
lOn the ihth, tlif-y rtturmd with four 1 lead ot HIaek-cattle,
Ifomc Fowls and Fruit, as a Prel-nt to '••* Marquii -, but at
Itlic fame tune declared, that tluir -' .' 'u or (ioveri-or
vouMmt lurtir rheni to trade. 'liny .r.i wife laid, that
Captain Mitdell had lie. n .illion- there, and hail Ihot liime
Ot thf-ir Cattle •, but that 200 M.n uppeann;; under Anns,
iJth.y ha I Iven toned to retire- '.Vhich Ai count ot theirs
jipeat'd the more piobibh-, '■ .n their liavinj^ l.inen and
►k'tlui Ixi.nging t()Cfl;t. < Mttibi-H\ Mm in thtir t'u-
|(xiy. I'Ik- next Day, iome F.eit rs from the Marquis df
Yillj Riche were intercepts!, vi-ry little iiiitable to that
'/nuiir, to ■..jiirh the Sp/iiiijb Nobility uiiiilly pretend,
liVc ht '.-ndeavoured to llir up the People to liirpnlV their
len, m.l feiurc the Hoar, when they came alhore to wa-
ft, l.'poii this. Captain CUppirton continrd him for lomc
pays; yer, on tlir 20th, he allowed t.ie Maiquis and his
I'iy t'l f,o allion-, leaving; tl-.eir only I. liiKI as an I f>llage.
April I ^. the MarquiN, his Lady, and the Governor,
me alxMrii ; and, an Agie, m.nt beiny made tor thiir
«r.l'om, the 1 ,ai!y and C l:ild were |i nr on fliore, and the
laiquis only remained as in 1 loO.ig.-. 'I'lit I'l-.-/,- was loon
er delivered up to the Captain. In this wliole 'I'lai.f-
Iioii, d\.um CUppcrtcn appeal s to hav; beui duiivcd
outwitted by this Noblcir.an, who balcly broke his
loril, and thereby provoked the Crew to iinii nuir ap.imil
I Captain lor trulling him. On Apri! 20. tluy aruhond
|thc Gulph ot Amapala; and, i,ot bjm; ahL- to water
repaired to the IiUind ot -liters, wluie they did it
' gftst Eafe. On June 4. they failed to (Jo'-^oua on the

fjine F.rmml, and were well fupplied. On th'- i^th, they
made another I'lize, which proved the .S7. yimtnf, which
they had ta .en oner bifore. .She wa» now comm.indrd by
Don Ctenitnt ,1: .indrade, Ulcn with ■rimbrr and Co< <>-nui^
On Augkji II they anchored, with their I'liz , at the
lllond ot I/ilh : il 1,1 Mar, where they lit up Feiits on
Ihore, lirubbed .id cleaned tlie.i Ship, and ijok whatever
they thought valuable out of their I'rize.

xe,. The Ship'i Company, while they lay here, talked
over their AlFa ri, nil tluy Ivan to think them deli) •rate.
•SometinTs tiK-y rellet'tcd on iheC'apt.un, to; pretending to
remain in ini le .Sea< \^ithout their Confoit: At other
timei, thry bl.imid him to- uiving into the Sp<v:'l}) M.it-
qui*'i Trojiiit lor ranfom.r^^ his .Ship, which, tin y iK-lievi d.
Would never U- perfoinud : And now-and then the '.hip's
C'or|K)ral, one 'Jamtt Ktth, a bold, bufy, intrigiiin;; I cl-
low, threw in (ome lly Inliiniations, that, if they m'.ilt p/»
throui'.h luili I lati'l!ii| •, it was better they Ih- uld do it lo;
theirown lakes, th.in tor otii. r I'eople.s And one 'Jofiph
Maytiard, the Hoatlwain's M it , piilhitii^ Thiin^-i ftill fur-
ther, a I'lot wai at lall tinned lor li-izing the Captain, th';
red ot the Oil'ars, .nui lunninn away with the .Ship, They
likewife agreed, thi't, when their D' lign w. s 1 Might to
hear, the Ollims lliould It lit on Ihore on tlie I !.ind of
/.«.'■;, .md all, who .dtnw.irds oj'poled ihem, fhot with-
out Men y. This wi ked Contriv.mee, howivrr, was hap-
pii) lifciivered on .^V//,-»l/w 6. the two Rirgicadai f-verely
punrlicd, an.l th.- rell pardoiiulv by which wife Conduit
the Conlpiracy was fupiireind. On the 1 7th, they took a
FiOiing-Kiat, with a jmxkI (juanrity ot S-ilt-tifli, well cured ;
but found the *'' I imy»i, which they h.iil Kttar Anchor
undir Iflan.i of /.«M, driven afliore, a d funk i and,
upn I • they I'ut rliiity-ei|i,lit .V/<i;;//* l'iili.T.r5 on b'sar 1
th" '•'-. i,.g-boat, an.l lent tli m aw.iy. On Ncxemhrr 1.
the; e-,,ered t le Hiy ol Ccnception, where milTing a Prize
that ou /ailed th' they bore away for Coquinh, where
they tf)( !; aSh']) i..Jen with 'Fobacco, Suinr, and CMotI,. in
their p.i<l,ii,e. On the rth -1 the Alteriioon, theyopi.,id
that 1 lad I ur, wh re they I'- ■:..■■ Men ot W.ir lyip>^,
with till ir Fop-lai!s loofe ; and 'lele no fooner 'fpied t. iin,
th.in til. y { ut their Cable!, and ftood after them. The Sue-
cefi h.iled doll- on a Wind, and their Priz^- !id the fuiie \
upon which the Spiinijh Man of War, that kiiled lell, pa^c
Ch ce to the latter, and, at three in the Afternoon, came
up with, and tool; lur. The other two '-hips croudei! .ill
the .Sail th'-y ixjuKI, till al-iout four in the Alu-inoon, w!:cii
the biggcll, having her Mi/.en-top-mall carried .iwny, tired
a (jun, t.icked, .ind flood in for the Shore •, which fiviur-
able OjiiH)! tunity the Sihi;-J's em' raced to make her V.U .ipe.
In ihe .S'/>rt/;;y/j I'li/e, they loll thiir tliird l.icut .i-.t Mr.
Jamn Milne, and twelve ot tlieir Men. Fhe Capr ^in of
ii\e Sp.im'h Man of War, who took him, was the fV.m- us
Don lilas de Lijfo, wlio was (ioveinor of Qr/.iwi^t'w, w'.cn
attacked by .Admiral I irtcn. D. 11 filtis treatixl his Prifoii'T
a little roughly at lirll, beJiiH eriaged to tind he hid nu^iid
the hngli/b Piivatier, and only n taken a Spamflj Prize, and,
in the lirtl 'Franfpoit t;f !iis PaHion, flruck Mr. Mibw over
the Head v.ithtlie I-'la; d his -Sword; but, wlun he c.imo
to hinifelt, he lent t'.i: hiin up 1 nnd, linding him flripped
by his Sol.urs, he ^^'cneroully atked his Pardon, ordered
him a nt-w Su-t of Cloaths, and kept him for fonie time on
board his -Ship. He afterward.s procured his Liberty at
/,;;«.t, paid for his PalT.ge to 1\wm</i, where he gave hin
a Jar ot Hrandy, and another ot Wine, for his Sta-!li;rLS,
put 2C0 I'leces ot F ight in his Pocket, and tent him to J.t\^'
land. 'I'liis unlm ky .'Vctident ol lofing tluir Pri'e revivnl
the ill Flumours amon;; C'ipperton's Men, who did f".
indeed plot again, but becaitie exCee''ii'f!v dejected. On
the 16th, they law ai-.other Sad, ain Chace, whi..h,

after a tVw (Juiis tired on both Sides, .■ away, KinfT, a
clean Ship, -.ind left them ; which was another F.kky I-|la| .•:
For the was likewili.- a Ship of Force, litC'.d <ut t.) t.ike
Capt.iin SLl.oii:, and roinmandrd by one riiT^-tysUi,
who, knowmj'; this w.us not Sbdvoike's Shi[\ and duultiiir!;
what Strens^tii the might be of, had no griat Stomach to
engage her. 'I'lvfe repeated Dilappoinrmer.ts, as they
broke the Siiiritr. of his Crew, lb they had a very bud EtVi ft
on C.ipt.iin I'Mppertcn himfelf, who began now to bet.^lte
hi.uiel! to di ml-lui^ -, and, as tlus \ ic.: (leiieraliy ^^rows u-u i

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ne VOYAGES of

Book I.

Ffoplc under Misfortunes, he giew at laft to fuch »?'«<■"'-
that he WW harJly ever quite tool or Ibbcr. It was chiclly
owing to this vinhappy Praaicc, that he tell into 1o many
Krrois in Ins luturc ConJinft. Ami, though it is true,
that Drunivcnni Is is rather an Aggrrvation than an l-xcule,
yet, il we eonlider, that this poor Man was a mere Sailor,
and hail not had the Bcnefu of a hberal lulucation, that
he fell into it puitly tlirough IX-lpair, and that lie itiil
Ihewcd, upon all Occafions, great Marks of an humane and
generous Difpolition, together with an inHcxibic Honelly,
m regard to his Owners Concerns, we cannot help pitymg
him 1 hccaule it is unpomble to fay, how far human Naiuic
is able to bear, without the Help of certain Supjiorts, fuch
an heavy lx)ad of Misfortunes as this jxxir Gentleman met
with.

10. In this (jL.\ Plight they refoivctl to continue cruifing
to the Norih, not only in Search of Plunder, but alio ot a
•Supply of Provilions, and efpctialiy of Mour, having ex-
pended all they had, and being reduced to three Pounds
of Indian Corn for a Mcfs of fix Men, and that but once
a Day. In this Cruilt- they had but inditVcrent Fortune ;
and, therefore, on the 27th, being in Sight of Point Ht-
lena, they rclbived to (irt alhore the Spanijh Prilbntrs taken
in the lall Prizf , in which they afterwards lolf Lieutenant
Milne; and then ditcrmmed to go once more to the(jfl/-
lapa^es Illands, in order to rcfrefti quietly, and relbre
their People to Ilcalth and SpiiitSi which Scheme they
immediately put in l-.xecution. In their Paffage to thclc
Illands, they b.-t;an to fulpcr^l Ibme Ernir in their Log-line •,
and, u|xjii meafuring, lound it three Fathoms loo Ihort,
which occafioned an trior in this Run of filty-two Miles,
or thercalic'.irs. On the 4th of December, they loft Mr.
'flMtnas J'jimtiH the:r Puilej -, and ilic i.ime Day found
tiicmli-'lves very near the GJiijpn^cs Illands, and in the
Latitude of ^b North, with a very llrong Current to the
South-wctl i againtl winch they were oliliged to ply. On
the 6th, tlicy iLiu the Piniucc to Uifcovcr an Anchoring-
pbce at one ol the Iflands, winch rrtumed without hndinfj;
any, but law iilnmdance of Tortoilc alhore. L'fwn this,
they fint the Pinnace and Vawl to get fomc -, and they
returned witii Fi(h encui^h to lerve the Company a Day ;
but, there runnii.g a pro.ligious Surf, they eould not land
or look f ( r Turtle. I'hey kept plying ort" and on, and
foundid in toul Ground from eighty to titty Fathom. The
Im. of t!)e l!land 9 North. Ir w.'.s a m;re Rixk ; fo they
left It, and llcereO away tor another South-well, being the
lame windi tiie SpanutriU make to lie under the t'quator •,
they run along Ihore, but could find no Anchoring \ lo
that, being unwilling to lofc more Time, they made the
bell W'jy tliey roiiLI to the llle ol Ciifoj, wiicrc ''^■^ hoped
certa.niy to get lomefilh, Ibwl, and Cote its, molt
ot tiitir People Uing vciy (itk and weak. . .1 the 7th
.mu !uh, thiy law Icviral lllandb to th ■ North caft, but
pafled thiougti them very li.ipi>ily, and got qiiiic thar of
them by the yth ; but, xs their People daily fell lick, they
gre'v very upprehcr.fivc cf t)ie Dangers that n-.uft cnlue in
cafe of tiK ir milling tht- IHand. On the 1 7th in the Morn-
ing, they ri.ul tile .Satbfa<;tion of lichoKlmg the long-
lookeil Id; I ijiid ul Cuoi, at the Dulaiue ot about nii.c
Lcagii.s to thr \onh.wei>, which tilled them with inex-
pielTible Joy. On tlie 1 >th, they wcit all afliorc, that
couki Ix; fp.itcJ from on Iward the Vdiel with Safety, in
order to huiki a kind ol Booth lor the Kcreption ot their
Sitk ; wlutli, as loon a,s it wasfinilheil, w< re carried afhore,
and coiivcninily loigcd. 1 he Marquis de yilla Rube
went alto afhore, where they gut great Plenty ot lilli,
Fowl, and Fggs, togetlicr with Locoa-nuts, and other
Rctr'-niminf.. 1 he C aptain o^x-neii h< ic thr lalt I loglhcd
of ;<randy for the V^ir. of the Ship's Company, and gave
(very M.m a Dram a Day ; and, on Ne^u lear'iday, he
allowed a Gallon ot llron;.;H(tr to every Mils; and, by
having this PLuty of iiourilhin'' looil, and much Fale,
the Crew Ivgan ro recover, and were alile to wood and
water, (hough wiili inuih Di'liculty ; for there was a
j^reat Swell comii.g in from the Northward conllantly at
Kull-m.oon and Change •, therefore they were torted to
wait till the Spiiiig-tidfi were alutcd, Ixfore iliey coukl
•jrt any thing oil. (Jn the i;th of January 1721. the
Captain m.»de the iiec. Ilary Diljvolitwns lor lailing •, but it
I

was three Days before lie couUl get his People on Um\,
and then there were no lels then eleven of them niifling|
viz. three Englijbmen, aiwl right Negroes. It is not liiy'
to conceive, what could induce the former to hazard tlum
felvcs in fuch a Place as this, at To great a Dillanee Irom
the Continent, fo little frequented by Ships, and where
they had but a fmall, indeed fcarce any, Chance of (V(f
getting off ; but it mull be attributed to their Drea I dt
the Dangers and Fatigues to which they were cominuaiy
expofed on board, and to their living conftantly at Shun.
allowance -, whereas here they were hire of Plenty ol Pro.
vifions, without any other Labour than that gf pnxiiriig
and drelling them. It is alio more than probabh, tl.jj
they might receive fomc Afliirances from the Marquis, oi
their having a Ship lent for them, when he obtained h,,
Liberty ; which, at btft, was an hazanlous Contiagmcy,
and, there b great Reafon to tioubt, was never iJeifuiniu!,
as the Reader will fee in tiK Sequel of this Voyage.

1 7. On the 25th, they arriveil on the Coalt of Maui^
where they met with an extraordinary Adventure -, lur,
difcovering a .S.iil altout feven in the Lvening, tl.ey \a\\
their I'iiinace to give Chace i to whom (he llruck hl\).;
eleven : And, on tiic Return of the Pinnace, they had t, t
furpnfing Account, that this was a SpttHiJb Ship, clii J tiic
Jefu Maria, but now in tlic I lands ol Captain 5u(, i«.tf,
who commanded her j and the Account he ga\ c 01 i,,-
Matter to their People was this, that he had no inor. iii.;.,
forty of his Men aboard, the rcif being all dcoil, or >;.
fjKrfed : llut he loft the Specdwel at Firmimiez, wlief
they llaid hve Months, and biult a Bark out ot tlie.\r.-,
aWs Wreck i with which they put to Sea, andtujii,;
along Chill and Peru, meeting leveral bWi\n ; bin w.,l, .
nothing with them, till they came to I'lfiO, near /./ ,
where they tcwk this Pri/c, being the Ship he wuitiii r ;
to look for. They diffeietl much in their Account, ; ,
had no regular (. ommand among them, being all al:^r
As the Method is in the lyejf India Privateers, they hij
ciioten a (.Quarter- mafter, carrying every thing by i .Mj.
lority ol W'cs ; lb that thry touiid they h.id quit! Ijuk :.
their Artkles with tht ir Owners, and had llurea a,'! j:r. ru
thrnilclvcs. On tiie 27th, Liymn Shehacie lioilial .„
(jfsrge'. Colours, and tired tliiec Guns, as a Si(;;:al 10
lj)eak with iliem ; on which the Huctefs lay-to lor hj
IJoai, which tame abuard with a Letter for C.ipt.iiiiCt
perion ; who immediately lent back the Biat lor Mi'
PutK r, to K- examined concerning tlieir Ai-tioiis ( ■; i.c
Coall of HrajH. and elft where : Tliey lent away the Hu:;
but the Purler, Mr. llemirie, tlaid, who gave but a liik
Account ot their Proceedings, tlut he w.is not .illowfJio
take any .Aci ount of the I'rcafurc for the Owners : \:
eight Captain ."-behoeke came alxxird, lieing liat li,r bi
Li^um Utppei tcH, aud the Agent, to give an Ac\oun;a
his rranlaction*. The Boat btoufiht Mr. Dod,i\mr\:.K-
tenant of Marines, to «intiruc in the Suaefs, h.ivuv.; te
iifcd very ill tor his Attathmiiu to the Owners Intcrtil t
lead as he ailcrted, and was firmly Iv.lievev! hy Ca;?a:
CUpptricn, ar.d liiv Ofiiccn. The next l>ay CajitJii. ..«;.•
'JOike knt on Ixiard them fixChells of Pitch and IXinnw, I
and two Barrels of I'ar, with fix Slabs of Cop|Hr : LaiKx;
Ciippenon Ipaiid him twenty lour Qiurtcr dec i.C tun , low |
great Shot, and Compfs, and a frw other Nrifi'.jia
His People laid out a great deal ol Money witli rhi- Lr:» I
ot the i'«f:c/jr, for Chuths, Shoes, HatN, and iniTN--
rciraries: 1 hire remained with them alio two ot tn /w
iveri Officers 1 Mr. Ilendne, the Purler, and Mr. /'ih.. ixl
1 .leutcna It ol the Marines, deligning (o go with ih.m (sr I
China. 'V\k Succefs, ftill keeping to the Nortlm-.ir. , « j
the Loall ot Mexno, (jtvi Lipuin Sbthtcke rcveaiiim&l
as they were fenlible, by his making Signals ; Ixit, c^^|
lidcring, m the Beginning of the Month ot Vfar.i, i»l
both 'lime and Place aHorded thein a lair OiiHjrtuiu.ilj
coming up with thr Manilla Shi|), 'jetorc IheuiienJ i>l
puUe, the Officers dcttrminrd, the next tune ilicy n"!
Captain Sbelvake, to propolc to him the makiii;; iiii"»|
Attempt. On tlic 1 jth, ihey male a Sail, v,h:cn, '
Signals, proving to be Captain Sbehocke, tlit y i' ■
to ; and the Captain, with his Lieutenants, i.u: -
lx).ird tnem At this general Confultation it wj'' '
by the Officers ot both Ships, that the Attempt Ihc

-e (■) ,11111 fur tl

Chap. I. Ciiptiun John Clipperton.

made jointiy j and that, to jjrevent their meeting with the
fame Katt which betel Captain Rogers and Captain Courtney,
wlini thty attempted the biggcft Manilla Ship, they fhould
run lift aboard at once, having indeed no other Chance
tor taking her. Accordingly they criiiled for her \ and,
en the 15th, Captain Clipperton held another Confultation,
wherein Propfals being agreed on, were figned, and fent
to Captain Sbehocke ■, that if he and his Crew would refund
all the Money Ihared among themfelvcs contrary to the
Articles with the Owners, and agree to put it in a joint
Stock, then all haults (hould be forgot, both Companies
would i.fiite, and proceed to cruife for the ^capuko Ship.
This I'ropolitjon was but indifferently received by Captain
Sbdvecke, and his People, who did not care to part, in
any Shape, with what they pofleircd, and therefore declined
giving any Atifwer to tliis Propofal. We ihall, in the next
Sedioii, nitiilion the Reafons alTigncd by Captain Shel-
vtfke for this manner of proceeding : Our Bufiiiefs at prt:-
fent lies with Captain Clipperton, and his People, who,
perceivmg that there was nothing to lie cxpcttcd from
their Contort, determined to manage their own Affairs
the Ixit way they could. In the tirll Place, they con-
fidcred, that the 'I'imc of meeting with the Manilla Ship
was by tome Days elapled •, that moll ol their People were
weak and licklyi that, even at their prefent flioit Allow-
ance, they were vichiallcd bwr tor five Montlis -, and that,
conlequeii'ly, it was their Hufinefs to think of going di-
rtily to the Fuji Imiifs, without l.ol's of Time, in order
to prflervc what they had got lor their Owners and them-
tclvfs. 'I'liis Refolutioii appeared, in every rel'pecf, lb
rtafonahie and well-founded, that it was inllantiy put in
KxfDition 1 and, without waiting for, or conlulting Cap-
tain Sbdvocke any more, they concluded to leave the
Soiitli Seas, being then to the South South-eall of Pt)rt
Alarjids, and m the Latitude of 16" 50' North. In order
to iiiKkriland die latter Part of this Account, it is necef-
fary to lay Ibmcwhat of the Times when thele AapuUo
Shij's r.ul. They ulUally le.»ve the Philippine [(lands abcnit
tiic Beginning of Jnh, and they arrive at the LaJroues
about tlie Beginning <.yi September : From tlicnce they pro-
ceed to AcapuUo ; in which I'ort they are commonly cx-
pe.ied about ti.c Miildlc vi Jtinii -ry \ and then the Ship
ufuallv remains in Port till towards the latter 1' nd of tiie
Mon'h of .Ipril, and then llic tails again Irom /Icr.pkUo for
Maniild. Yet rhis is not to be conlidered as a conllant
I Rule 1 for, according as the Winds let 111 earlier or later,
I it alters. In the prefent CalV, it is plain, the Ship they
waited tor, w^s not the V'elVel txpeiited fiom, but the
(^alleon that was to return to, ihc Plilippine lllands ; on
ib.Mrd wl;ieh, there is always a jiroiligiuus Quantity of
tSilvcr : Yet it niiill Ik; owned, that either the Ship failed
|rariier than ufiul, or elk- they lelt her behind them when
lity tailed for the Eajt India, whither we now are to
"Mtciul them.

18. The Run tVom the Coaft of Mtsico to the lOand of

Cimm, thry performed in fifty-three Days ; and, on the

hotli ol May, .irrival in Si^ht of the Illand Serpana, in

llie latitude of i'?'42' North; tluniL;h, in the Spanijh

Chart',, thrs Illand is generally laid down in 14°. In this

raffai^c thev !o(l lix of their People, and the reft of them were

'1 we.ik ihd low, that n')ching tould lie a more joyful Sight

hi t!ie;n than tliis Iflami. They determined, however, to

proecel to tl-.atof f.'tt.w;, as lielf known to F.uropi'aiis, ami

Ifliere they were moll likely to meet with Provilions ; in

yhich, pt-rlups, they juilged. the Matter wrt ng -, lor, in

heir prelent weak Coiv.htion, it would have been more

dvifeable to fiave gone to .Serpana, wiierc the Spaniards

ave not fo great a Force. M:iy the 1 ;ith, they anchored

I tlie Uoavt, and tint their Pinn.>ce alhore, with a Flag of

lri;rc, in oid'T to obtain I'jine Provifions •, but the People

pit them for Anfwer, That, without the Governor's

ea\ e, tliry could not trade with tliem lor Frfh, Fowl, or

Ire-iis : And, therefore. Applications were immediately

a .c to iiiin lur that PurjH)le -, which had, at prefent, a

ifc.'.irahle Reception. Mr. (loJfrey, the Owners Agent,

i(>h.Kl brn lent up tfUmatta, where the Ciovcrnor lives.

Mined on the i6rli on Iward one of their Proes, with a

lelfa;;.', iinjHirtin;.',, Tiiat if they behaved civilly, and

li I hoiilfly, tluy (houlil be furiiilhed with Provilions,

[Numb. \1V.

Soon after their own Launch arrived, and brought on
boarti fomc Cattle, Bread, Sugar, Brandy, Fruit, and
Greens. On the 1 7th, the Governor lent them an hand-
fome Prefent of Palm-wine, Sugar, and Brandy, with a
large Quantity of Chocolate. In Return for which, his
Health was drank by the whole Ship's Crew, under a
Salvo of Seven Guns : This was the laft Aft of Civility
that paffed between them : But, before we come to thefc
Difputes, it will be nccclTary to fay Ibmcthing of the State
of the Ifl.ind at that Time. T'his Itland lies direftjy
North and South ; and, according to the beft Account
that could be obtained of it, from a Negro belonging to
the Marquis de Vdla Roche, who travelled quite round it,
it is near ten leagues in Length, and five in Breadth: There
are feverul Villages upon it ; bat the moft remarkable are
thele tliat follow -, viz. Amatla, Jtry, Jgana, jitiigua, Afa,
llugatce, and Rigues. The native Inhabitants were for-
merly very numerous, not fewer, it is laid, than 1 5,000 1
but, at this time, there were fcarce a tenth Part fo many,
at leaft uniier the Dominion of the Spaniards ; for there are
ftill feme hundreds that have eftabliihed themfelves in the
Mountains, and pieftrve their Freedom, notwithftanding
all the Ltlbrts made by the SpaniJ}} Governor to reduce
them. T'iiele Indians are a ftrong, adtive, vigorous, and
warlike People-, but, withal, reputed equ.illy cruel and
treacherous ; Perhaps, the Spaniards exaggerate their ill
Qiialities to extenuate their own -, for it is certain, they
have ufed thefe People hardly. The 6]^^?;//?^ Gariibn con-
fills of 500 Men, which are relieved from time to time
from the Manillas ; and his Catholic Majelty allows 30,000
Pieces of Light p^r Annum lor their Maintenance •, though
it is of no othc r Ul'e, than to atford Succour to the annual
Ship in her I'allage to and from the Eajt Indies, in whicli
refpeft it is of great Service.

10. On t.hc iSth of May, their Piilbner, the Marquis
de Villa Roche, went afliorc, in Com|\iny with the Agent,
the full Lieutenant and Doctor having agreed with the
Goveinor about his Kanfoin ; they gave him five Guns at
landing. Our Launch was employed fix D.iys in bringing
VVooil, Water, and i'rovifion aboard ; during which time,
the Governor defired he might have tome Arms and Am-
munition in Exchange : Accordingly Captain Clipperton
ti^nt him twelve Fuzees, three Jars of Powder, fixty round
Shot, four Pair of Piflols, b. fides CutlatTes, long Swords,
and Daggers. The 25th, they received a Letter, wherein
the (iovcrnor demands the Marquis's Jewels, fome con-
fecrated Plate, and two Negroes, biing Chnrtians, and
Subjects to the King oi Spain -, as alto aCcttilicate, under
the Captain and Officers f lands, that Peace was proclaimed,
detaining Mr. Godfrey and Mr. Fritty till all this was per-
formed. Ilereupon the Captain fent a Letter, with a Cer-
tificate, that the Solidad, the laft Prize we took on the
Coaft of Cbili, told us, there was a Peace between England
and Spain -, but, withal, afiiiied the Governor, that if he
did not, in twenty-four I lours, fend the Kanlbm with the
two Gentlemen, he would ilemolilh tiie Houlcs upon the
Shore, burn the Ship in the Harbour, and do .ill the Mil-
chief he could at the Philippine Ifiands. Soon after they
received a Letter, that the Governor woukl pay for the
confecrated Plate, and defired more Powder and Shot :
'io which the Captain anlwered. That he would not fpan;
any more, or Negroes. On the 28th, their Yawl went
alhore tor more Provifion -, but the Officer, w!io hati the
Government of the Village, told them, we fhould have no
more, unlets they fent more Powder and Shot : Upon
which they immediately weighed, ftayinij; for no Anfwer
by Mr. Godfrey or Mr. Pritiy, and knt the Pinnace a-head
to found, making the bcrt of their way to the Ship i'' the
} larbour. The People alliore had raited a Battery liuring
this Iham Treaty, from whence they bc^gan to lire at their
Pinniicej which, Ijcing returned, gave Account, that what
Chanel they found, was within Piftol-fhot of the Shore.
At fix in the Afternoon, making up to the Ship, they ran
a-ground, the Spaniards having carrieel her in Iliole Water ;
lb tliat now they fuftainal two Fires, one from the Battery
over their Heads, and another from the Ship. At nine
they got foul of the Rocks, where they cut away two of
their Anchors, endeavouring to get the Ship off ; during
which time, the I'.iiemy fiivd lb warmly with Stones and

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Shot, from a new Battery eredted on an Hill, that they
fuffcred extremely in their Hull and Rigg;ing. They had
three Men wounded, befides the Mistbrtune of lofine
Mr. Davi/en, their firft Lieutenant, who was an honc!r
Man, and a good Officer. Thus the Suaefi was forced
to lie in a mifcrablc Condition, cxpofed to the continu?.!
Fire of the Enemy, who, in the Night, had llili this Ad-
vantage of them, that the Surf.icc of the Water being as
fmooth as a Mill-portd, lafily Ihewcd them their Pofition j
whereas they had no other Direftion for their Aim than the
Fla(hes of the Guns from the Spani^ Battery. In this Emer-
gincy, the Captain being overcome witli Liquor, anil
quite unable to command the Ship, the Officers camv to
a Kifolution of running out clear of the Enemy .^s foon as
they could get the Ship afloat •, and figried a Paper to in-
demnify Mr. Coek, if he would take upon him the Com-
inaiid. At fi)iir in the Afternoon they f't her a floating,
and cut .iw.iy tlic finaJl Bower-anchor •, Init, in ten Mi-
nutes, they run a-ground a,!;ain -, .it nine carricil out the
Keilge-anchor ; but, in heaving, the 1 l.iwler broke : They
imnieiliitely carrietl out another Hawfcr, witli a I .ower-
tlcck Gun to it, liaving now loft all their Anchors, and (till
a-ground. At two m the Forenoon the Enemy hail tliein
fevcral times to furrender, or ni\x-il no Qiiarter ; at five
thev cartied out the Main-top-mall Shrowd-hawfer on the
Starlxurd-Sow, with anothtr Gun, ftill plying the Enemy
With tljeir great Guns below, and Small-arms in the Poop.
They did them little Mifchief, though the Spaniards never
mifl'cd them •, cfpecially their Bo.tts, as Ukmi as tlicy law rhem
ftir At eleven in the I'orenoon they c.irrictl out the reft
of the fmall Bower, with two L/>wer-dcck Guns, right
a-hcad, into five Fathom i they cleareil away the Hold,
ready to ftart their Water, to make the Ship lighter ; got
thcii I'pper and L.owcr-iieik Guns forward, to bring her
by the Head, ihc Ship hanging alialt o;i the Kock ; tluy
kept two Gun.i out of tiie Stern-ixiits continually fuinij;
at tlie Enemy's new Battery, Ixit could not bring them to
bear : During this twenty four Hours, they had happily
only one wounded i but the Ship was wretchedly torn and
manglid between Wind and Water. The .^otli, at fix in
the Afternoon, the Ship floating, tliey cut away the Yawl,
being funk with the Shot ■, the other Boats were mueh da-
maged ; they hovcto their Imail Bower, then cut away
it and the other two 1 Jawfers, and lent tlieir Pinnace a head,
to tow the Ship ufif: Juft as they got afloat, the I'nemy
fiR-tl fo fmartly Irom the new Batt( ry, that their Shot riked
tiiem through bit wnn Wind and Water, killing one of their
JVople, .ind wouiuiing two others. Thi!.". t!iey loll both
thtsr Bow-anchori and Cal>les the .Stern and Kciipc-anchors,
four Hawfers, four of thiir Lower-deck Guns, and ninc-
txn Barrels of Powd( r, two Men killed, and fix wounded,
having ftood tor no lefs than fitry I lours a tair Mark tor
the Etviiiy to fire at ■, and, if they hati mjt got clear, it
was believed tlu\ would have funk them befoie Morning.
The whole Crew were very lorry tor Mr. Godfrey and Mr.
Pntty, not kntiwing how tlie i lovernor might ute tiiein
afliore. .At ten in the Forenoon they brought-to, and
began to Iplice their Ricgmtr, not a Rope of which eieajK-d
a Shot ; as tor the Mails aiKl Yards, thi y were ail fcvtrriy
peppered, and the Carjx-nters worked .lil Night, ftoppin^r
rhe Holes m tlir Ship's Btjttom. At levcn m the Fore-
nfwn they Ifowod thtir Guns in 'he Holdliar in the Poits,
hoilled 111 the Launch and P:...iate, and at Noon lleired
away Weft, with an eafy Sail, hoping to fave their I'alTagc
before the Monfbons came on. Their Carfjenters were
employeti in fixing the Mails and Yards, and the reft o(
their People in fixing the Kigging. At fix in the After-
noon the Boily nl tlic Illami C-^am bore Fall lirvm Leagues;
from whence they took tlieir Departure, North latitude
13" 20, allowing halt a J'oint Noith-caft Variation, dc-
figning now f ,r China. '1 his was certainly one ot the
worft Errors ifnm-.iited by C'.ippnm , tor hr fliould never
have quitted the Marquis, who hoil beh.ivcd fo dirtily to
liim Ix-fore, without having the Money in his Hand v nor
hail the Marquis any 1 itle to l-avour : A Nobl. man, tiat
ftds the Scoundrel, degr.ules himlell. Uclidcs, it Captnn
OippntoH had kcj^t tlie Marquis, tliere had Wm an i-nd
of all his Schemes, and either tlie : pani/h liovcrnor of
Vnam wwild not, or could nut, have treated luni as he

The V O Y A G E S 0/

Book I.

did 1 for it is more than probable, that he was forced to
behave in this ftrange Manner by the Marquis. The I4
Miftakc of CUpptrlens was his pretending to attack tht
Town in the manner he did. The Commander of a p^.
vateer fliould never attempt Revenge, unlefs he is certim
of compafling his Defign ; and, if lie hail iliflcinblnl, „
well as the Enemy, he miglit have found an OpiJortunity
of making them rijx-nt their ill Ufagc. '

20. It was a very dangerous Voyage upon which thry
were now to enter : The Run from Manilla is gencrjll!
< fleemcd 400 l/'agues, .ind they were to fail much farther
without any conlidenible Addition to their Stock of \\l
vifions, rulHcd by the late Accident, and apprehcnlive tin;
their Vcflel would fcarce laft out the V(>y.-ige . for, „„ ^i^,
2 jd of JuHt, they found her, on a ftriet Examination ij
a very fluttered Condition, having llarcc a whole limlxT
in her upper Works, illfcovered one of their lalhion-pitfj
ro bi- ftiot through, which, Ixing the chief Support ot tit
After part of the Ship, they were oliligeil to trap her, [>
keep her together. It blowing pretty frelli, they dmft'not
carry Sail, but were forced, for a Week togitlur, to iluj
under bare Poles, through variable Winds, anil ba.l W-j.
iher. ihis was a melancholy Condition tor Pci.pic toijf
in, in S<-as with which they were httlc acquaiiitid, ^j
lading by Draughts on which they could not dejxnd Yet,
the Journal I make uli: of, acknowledges, tlut iKitiiAt.
pifr\ Accounts and Charts were right, and that to .iH.
gree of Exatflncl's, much fuperior to thole laid ilmvi,,
Pcrfons of much greater Figure -, fo that it it hid not K cj
for his Ainilance in his Books and Charts, they could 1 afj
have extricated themfelvis from the Diffkiiltics they <hk
in. On the 24tii of "June, they were m Sigjir oi i.ie
Bajhte Illands; and, on the lall Day of the Moiitli, l-(
law the Ifiand-ftioles of Praia. On the ill of Juh, ti-.j
fell in With other lilands, and found fevcral Huais i'k
were hilling; though no fuch lilands are laid down 11, ^y
Cliart, and tins put tlicm intirely out of their W ay , u
that, not Inring .iblc to form any Judgment of t.'.tj: tr^
Courfe, they anchoreil under one of t!»c('' Idands iiij
1-athom Water, and diljwtcheil away tli( ir Pinniic 1 r l:-
ttlligeiue, how Macao bore from ihcm, tor wlixii I'^r,
they were bound.

-!i. On the 7.d of July, tiie Pinn.ice retvirnei! wiih j
liojt, in wluch there were three Ci>/«(/c- Sailors, whifluiui
could not utiderftand, and trom whom all they coui.i .a?
was, tliat Canton lay to the South weft. On t.He j,,,r«:
ing thiry were too tar to Leeward of A/i/uw, ;md k)i\\.:i
ablctogtta Pilot, they rclidved tu take tlie only liuv
there was Irtt them to take, which w.is, to loil lur.fcfi,
before which Port they arrived on the .^th la the 1:a • ,;
but weroaltoid to enter it in tiie Night, and therefore [ud
oft" and on till Day-light. Ihty took notice ut a gn*
Number ol Snakes m the Sea, wluch were brouglit ■.y«
by the Kivers iliat empty thenil'.lvcs on that Coalt. i!v
I'Jitrance <j1 the Port ot jlmey is remarkable cnoui;'' , u
it has an high Mounuin, on the 'I'opof which is a Tuwc,
which may be i'v<:n twenty leagues olT at Sea ; u:: ok |
Side of It IS a httlc Illaiid, that lies immedurely b;l ircia:
Bay. The Kivtr Cbangtbcu dilchargcs itfcll here ::'t > a:
Chine/e Sea, and thereby forms a fpatious Bay, about :ig.'' I
Leagues in Circuit, wfiere Ships may lie very U. y 1
Anchor, ail thr DiHkulty being 111 their getting oiut i!3
Port-, which they accomplilhed very happily in tlel vc-l
ing of the 6th of July, and were extjcmcly wdl \>kiii\
to find themfelves once more in a Place where tluy Miigs
ho|>e to obtain RetrefluH' >, to be able to rejiair ixi I
ijhipi or, if tlut Ihoukl c, iound impradicabk,ti!i>au|
a Palfage from th;t,ce u. ' urope. I'lie Capiajii uo'
joiced as m'Khasany 01 iiem; for, having lud hi- 1'
Sliare ol Afflwifions ui.d Misfortunes at Sea, he hmhiI
trrmely delight';! with the l'rol(Kct of I'eiuiiiig J if'*!
m.iitcrol MdO' y ro his own IJle, and lending hoir.- »«*j
Ix-lonnid to th<. CJwners, in tale hu Slup was rcal]<, J'^j
People re|x>rted, pad repuiiiiig.

11. 'ihty wire no looncr anchored in this Poit.
they had ten C iillonihoufe Otiicers put on boiiid tiifii
. hnuy, 4' 111 inoft other I'oits in China, the Cuflon-
iter the DitiCtiufi ol a lingle Mandann, fhkd ili /. ;■
Maftei General ut the Cuftyins. The Ixn.ij ^

IJI

Sinwhkh lie vv.ir,

Chap. I.

Captain John Clipperton,

O^Hcer Uofpou ; wliich may, perhaps, fct ua right as to
the. Pronunciation. The Chintje, in general, are very
iullly reputed the craftieft People in the World \ and it is
an invariable Maxim of their Policy, tochufc thecunningeft
Mm tliey can find to execute the Oflicc of IIoppo ; and,
after laying thi.s we need not defcend to the particular
Qirj^er of the Man Captain Clipperton had to deal with.
1 (hall only add, that the People of //we;-, in general, are
thought to be the lead nice in Points of Honour, or Prin-
ciples of Honefty, in China. The firft thing thefc Cuftom-

The Share of Money and Plate
The Share of Gold
The Share of Jewels

15??

DoUan.

loo

The Total of a Forc-maft-man's Dividend - 419
Which, at 4 /. 8 </■ a Dollar, makes Englijb Money

;. /. d.

1466 10 00
733 35 00

According to this Didributlon,
The Captain's Share was - •

hSulc Officers demanded was, wliat the Ship was reputed ^^^ ^conj Captain

,0 be ; and what Bufinefs (he had tliere. Captain Clipper- -^^^ Captain ot Marines, Lieutenants of the 1 ' „„ "^ „
I, th- Ship U-Iongcd to tlie King ot Gr^^ i?n- Ship, and Surgeon , - < I 488 16 08

Ion anlwereii, . _ ^ , - . ,

lain ; and tlir ilic p it in there by Strefs ot VVeaUier, in or-
tlcrtoobtiiii livyviiions and other Ncceflaries. TheCuilom-
hoiife Officers next demanded an exaft Account of the Num-
ber of Men and Guns, their Cargo, and the Time they
intcndi'd to ftny ; all which they put down in Writing, and
then they depart^il. The very next Morning, the Men
mutinied, and infilled, that the Captain fhould immediately
p.iy them their Friienioney, bccaufe they were fatisficd the
Suae's was in no Condition to put to Sea. The Man, who
made this Demand, was one John Dennifon •, and Mr. 'lay-
la; 10 whom we are indebted for this Account, interpoling
ill the Caiitiiiii's Behalf, one Edward Boreman told him. Ho
hai heft delirt, unlefs he had a mind to have a Brace of

But tho' Captain Cooky and his AfTociates, had the good
Luck to carry their Point in this manner, yet Captain Ctip-
perton\ Defence had fo much Weiglit with the chief Man-
darin, tliat, t)efoie he obliged him to proceed to this Diftri-
buiion of Shares, lie ordered one Half of the Cargo to be
fccured lor the Benefit ol the Owners j which, in ready
Money, wrought Silver, Gold, and Jewels, amounted to
b' tween 6 and 7000 /. Sterl. which he caufcd to be imme-
diately put on board a Portuguefe Eaft Indiaman, called the
iC^eeit of Angels, Don Francifco la Vera Commander :
Which Sliip was unfortunately burnt at Rio Janeiro on the
Coall f brofi!, June h. lyzz. So that of thefe Effedts the

'.It

Balis through Ins Head ; fo that here was plainly an Lnd of Owners received no more, the Charges of Salvage dedudted,

than iSoo/. 1 have drawn all thefc Fafts together, tho*
tiie lall of them did not happen till their Arrival at Macao,
that the Reader might, in one View, fee the Confequences
ot this Mutiny, and the Means, by which the Proprietors
of this Kxpeeiition were defeated of its Profits, notwithftand-
ing all the Care that Captain Clipperton could take to fecure
their Property. 'Ihc Reader will eafily perceive, that there
was a llrange Mixture of K ight and Wrong, of Juftice and
of Violence, in the Condud of the Chiiiefe Mandarin towards
Captain Clipperton and his People. I have endeavoured
already to throw fomc Light upon the Subjeft, by giving
the Reader a gt iicral Account of the l")ifpofition and Con-
duct of thefe Peoj>le ; but, as I have fbme very particular
Memoirs, not only of tliis Tranfadion, but of the State
of 1 hings in general in this Port at that time, I prefume I
fhall do him a I'lealure, if I dwell fomewhat longer upon
this Suiijtct. The People, and even the Mandarins, at
Jnioy, have 1() managed Matters for a long Space ot Time,
that, anionglt their Countrymen, who fhould know them
belt, ihcy have acquired to their Port the Epithet of Hia-
muin Booz, i. e. Jmoy the wicked, or, ftill more literally
tranflated, Jmoy the roguifli. The Fifhermen upon the

all regular rriKcrdings, as well as of the Captain's Autho
ritv. The People brought alward a good Quantity of Rite,
foine Cattle, Fowls, Wood, and W.iter ; tor wiiieh they
were paid : And, on the 1 2th, the Oliiccrs went on Ihorc,
to wait on tiic I luppo, who Iiad a very line l'al.icc, and who
treated tli. m witli great Civility, and gave them Leave to
anchor in the Harbour, and to remain there till the Mon-
fooiis were over -, for which, however, he demanded, and
foon after receivca in ready Money, a very extraordiiury
Compcnfition, under liic Title of Port Charlies, amoiiiit-
ing to 1700 Dollars, which is alxjut 400 /. Sterl. \Vc have
already taken notiec, thac Captain Mttchcll went out Second
to Captain ClippfrUn -, and that, on his going to Brajil,
Mr. D.nijri furceeiltd him •, and, on his being ktiled in
the unfuriurate Affair ofCutim, Mr. Cck fuccecdetl him,
^ho now demapded tliiity SIkucs, in Right of his Oflkc i
nwhicii 111- w.i', liippcrted by the Men, wlunn he courted
h a continual Compliant c \\;tli their Humours. C.tptain
( tftrion, i.K\ the rell of the OfRcLrs, Iceiiig tiie 'i'urn
1 !,gs w,.rc l.kely to take, were very dtfirous, that fome
A'lowaf.ce ihouM be mad.e u> the OITicers that were taken
■' ■ bmrs, and to Mr. lUndiie and Mr. Ded, wlu)c.une on

b aid thciii from the y^adtvel: But tkir Endeavours were Coaif (liake their Heads, and pronounce thefe Words with

^ f ! .ifliore, witbour a
M/ ;; would have i<

t :tld^ i for the Men would hear of no iiich Allow. inces.

\\ h:!e thif' Difputes ialKd, fome took it iti tiieir iLaiis to

afkiiig Leave i and, »iien Captain C.'//>-

orrcCted them, the whole Comfaany de-

< .id on their Side, and prevented it. .Vtter diis, all

^tl.ngs ft-11 into Confufion : The Men retufed to work till

^\ -y had their Prize money ; and, to fliew they valued the

'•I >.lii ri their Country no more tiian they did the Rel'iJect

S;ci ;' to then (JfFieir, th.y apphid to die chief M.iiidariii of

\t' I'lirc, whointhc C.h-.mfe (lyle Ihlmg, and delired, that

.ui'.'lil do them JulVue againft their Captain. Upon tins,

fr. C'ipperion was fummoiied before liim ; and, on the

'landariii'% tlnnaiuiiiig a Realbn why he refufed to give his

tn S.itisfadUon, th^- Capt.iin produced the Articles, which

t:wed that they were not to fhare their Pi :ze-money, till

ic'.r Krfurn to LoiiJon. But Captain Coek tor lij he was

w ftyled) gave the Mandarin another iljit of Account 1

hich pnKliieed a Guard of Soldiers being fent on board tho

Kip, w ith a peremptory Order from tlic Mandarin to Cap-

■in a.fperton, iininedi.itely to fettle the Shares, and pay

a very ligniticant Air, whenever they meet with any Eure-
pemi Slup inclineil to put into tliat Port ; but, for want of
underllaiiding the Language, or, perhaps, from a Confi-
dence in their own Prudence, they very rarely make a right
Ul'c of thefe Warnings; which, in a Ihort time, however,
they are fure to rejxriit : For it is a certain Rule, that parti-
cular Provinces never acquire I'uch Marks orCharatlers of
Dilhoneily, without dtterving them. The Cuftom of this
Port is, to difarm every Ship that comes into it, and then
to fend two Frigates, or, as they are called in the Chinefe
'I'ongue, Cbanpatis, full of Men, to ride near the Vellel,
in order to obferve lier, and execute the Direftions, which
the Mandarins may lend them. Belidcs the monlbrous Ini-
pofition, uniler the Name of Port-Charges, which lias bee 1
already inentioncel, they have fbme other llrangc Methods
of coming at Money here \ for tho' the Small-craft of the
Country teem to have tree Liberty of carrying on board all
forts of Provifions, which, being in great plenty there,
ought to be afforded at a moderate Price, yet, in Reality,
every one of thefe VelVels goes on board the Chanpan tirlf.

'::\\ over to the Men i with which he was obliged to com- and there nays a Confideration for Leave to go on board the

This Tianlae'lion would admit of fome Remarks j
they inull he obvious lo every Readir, 1 fhall not
If'-!! upon tliem, but proceed with my Rehition.

On i^fptcmher i^'. this Diflribuiioii was made, pur-
ine to the Mandarin's Order 1 and, no Allowance twiiig
fcrve..! for luch as wer- lakt-n Piifuneis, the Repreleiitativts
[thole wliu Were deu', or the two Gtntluiieii, who had
vcd on board the Speed lul, the i'ruc-moiky flood Uius ;

flrange Velltl j and, by this means, the Price of all man-
ner ot Provifion is railed about a tliial. Another mean Ar-
tifice, praftiled by the Mandarins, is, lending Prefents of
Wine, Provifions, and coftly Curiofities, to the Captains,
and oilier Officers •, of which, whui the Ship is ready to fail,
they fend a very exadt Memorial, with the Prices tacked to
it i and die lall Article is lo much for the Clerk's writing
the Bill : Which mult be dillharged m Money or Commo-
dities}

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Tbe V OY AGTiS of

Book I.

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^;B

ditics, before their Arms or Ammunition arc r«unicil. It
would rc^quirc a Sheet or two to lay open all the reft ot ttu-ir
Praclices , and therefore I (hall content myleit w'tl\|'^;"B
the Reader an Account of what happened to a Briii/b bhip
in this Port in the Year 1715, which, very probably, w:ls
of Service to Captain Clipperton, and hindered him troin
being worfi- treated than he was. This Ship antnored in the
Port ofjimey; and, having run through the whole Urcic
of dieir Frauds, fold the beft Part of their Cargo, at Ult, to
Merchants recommended by the chief Mandarin, who very
fairly became Bankrupts in twenty-four Hours after they haa
the Goods in their inlands. The Captain bore this with
the greateft Patience •, he did not {o much as fuffcr any
harfti ExprefTion to cfcape him 1 he took all thmp-i in gcxn
Part, and even duped the ChiMffe themft Ives l>y his Ihidial
DiiTimulation ; but, as foon as he had Licence '» d^F" •
he made a dear Ship, loaded ail his (iuns. onlered his Men
to their refixtttive PolVs, and then cut away a J.ipoiujf Junk
of twice the Value of his Cargo, and curiui licr into t!ic
Bay (lirediv. This furpiiled the Chinfft excclfivtly •, but
they immidiatoly fitted out twenty or thirty Chanjians,
crouded full of Men, who had tlie Courage to venture very
noar tiie Riiti/h Ship, till the Cajitain dill h^frgcd a Stem
Gun •, and then they Hed precipitately into Fort. This Aftair
Ixring brou'?ht Ixtore tlie Emperor, he ordered all the Man-
darins at /Itiwy to be cafhiered, and Sativfaftion to be made
for the yapen'fje Junk out of their Effects ■, only the chiel
Mandarin had a mikier Sentence than the reft, Ixing mulcletl
a Year's PiT.fits of his tmploymrnt. This gave thorn a
great Dread to the Englijb Ship ; and perhaps one Rea-
fon that induced them to lide with the Seamen againft Cap-
tain ClipptrttH wa-s that they might have I'ower on thur
Side. In ftiort, during •h*' Stay they made of u 1, Week',
they futficiently eXDcriet-^-d all die Artifices ot this fraud-
ulent and covetous People, from whom the Captain had now
no way to defend himfclf, but was obliged to fubmit to
whatever they demanded. By Dntmhtr i-. the Sc-afon
and thiir Inclinations concurred to deliver them from fo
une.ify a Situation •, for, by this time, even tlie common
Men began to be weary of the Place, or rather of the Peo-
ple, wlu) earned their Scheme of Politics quite througli,
and, in fmall as well as great Matf.rs, Ihewetl tiiemlelves
as finiflied Cheats, as the World could jwlTibly produce, ot
which almoft evtry Man, who dealt with tliem, was acom-
jietent Witncfs. On Srpttmbtr 25. their .Arms and Am-
munition were ag.iin put on boanl the Su.itjj, ami the very
fame Day they wei^licd out of the Harbour, and got into th'-
Road or Guiph, tiom whence they propoled going to M(t-
tao, in order to have the Ship furveytd, the Crew infilling,
that tlie was not in a Condition to put to Sea, in order to
return home; and Capuin Clipperton .ilRrininp the coairary,
as well knowing, that they inlilted on this Point pure ly to
julhty their own Comluct, and pn-vent their being p.iniih-
cd in England lor their Bcliaviour in China.

24. On Sepirmber ;;o. they weigheil .Anchor from the
Bay ot Amo-., which lies in the Province fit Tonkin, in order
to proceed 10 Macao, in the Road ol which they anrhorrd
Oitober ^. This wai> tormerly one ot the moll confiiierahle
Places in China, tho' it is irow much fallen to Decay. This
Place has Ixeii now above 150 Years in the Hands ol tlie
Pcrtugufft : And thi- Manner in which they iKtanie p'f-
fetfed ot it K an excellent Sjjetimen ot Cinneft ( jenerofity •,
for they, coming from hlaLuca and India to tratle with the
Chinefe, and being overuken with tlic bad Weather, fomc
Shi()S miferably perilhed, tor want ot fecure Harlxjurs, in
tiic llknds about Macao \ which niailc thi m afk lome Place
of Safety to winter in, till the Seaf(jn would allow them to
fcturn home : And the Chinefe, tor their own .Advantage,
gave them a Spot ot rocky I'-and, then mlubited by Rob-
bers, that they might expel them, as they did. At liril,
they were pamitud to build thatched Houfes -, but after-
wards, having bribed the Mandarins, they not only ercdteil
tibllantiai Struiftures, but Forts.. One of thele is at the
Mouth of the Harbour, called the iori tf the Bar, the
Wall of which terminates at the Ro(k tailed /Ippenha,
wiiich is an fiermitagc ot the I-athcrs ot the Order ot St.
Jiugujiin en the lUll. Tlie other, l)cing the bijigell, is calleil
the lorl of the Mountain, bcc.iufe fituatid on the very 1 op
ui an 1 ill!. I'hcre is alio another high Fort, called Nuifira

Stnhora dn Guia, or, Our I ady of Guidance. Thr City 01
Macae ftands on a Pcninfula i and there is a very Ihuim
Wall built acrofs the Ifthmus, with a (Jatc in the Midilk ^
it, through which the Ohineft go in and out at Pjulurc ,
hut it is Death for any Portupuft to p.ifii that way. Sy,ic
Travellers have rqxirted, dutt the Portugnefe were .Sow
reigns here, as in other Places in the Eoji Mies : \Vm tl,fy
never were; for the Chinefe are much too wile a IVo^jIc tj
fulfer any thing of that kind. It i-. indeed true, tlut, lak
ing all things togedier, the City of Maeno is as linr, ^
jx-rhaps a finer City, than could h; exix-fted, condJai: ;
its untoward Situation. It 1$ likewife true, tliat it n vrrj
regularly and very ftrongly fortified > and that then .ir 1 j
wards of 200 Pieces of Brafs Cannon upon its Walk : jk!;,
with all this it can only defend itftif ag.iinft .Strangers. P-l
Chinefe ever were, and ever will be. Matters ot it, w;:
tiring a Cannon, or ftriking a Blow. They have rn' .1^
to do, but to Ihut that (iate, wliich they have of cii iluiv^
and place a (iuard there ; for Mtuao is then undone. T „■
Inhabitants cannot fubfift fo nuuh ai for a l).iy, wjih, ,|
receiving Provifions frcm the .idjacent Country -, iu\, i\.
fides the PI.1CC is (o Ihut in by wtll-jx-opkd lilards ••"]
the Chinefe are lij mUiMi Mafter* at Sea, that, on the fli;;!;! ■]
Ditlcrence, t.'ie PcrtugMefe at Macao might lie Ilirv-.J.
But to proceed from Reafoning to Fai'ls : The Putu^r'!
have indeed the Government within the City- wails ovtr ih-i:
own People, and yet Macao \i, tlridlly aiuipropely, aL--
nefeCay -, for there is a Governor rcfulent \i\x-m the S:,',
and an Hoppe, or CommilTioner of thcCuftotns ; and 'v>!
CJiincfc Mandarins, with all their Otfxers ajid ScrvaiiLs t:
maintained at the F.xjKncc of the City, who arc .it i.,
C harge of the Pcrtuguefe riovcrnment alto. In f^ic 1,1 ill
this, the Inhabitants were formerly exceinvely rieii, k ,..
was owing to the great Trade they carried on to f,-^.i»;
which is now, in a manner, loll ; Bnt, as tiny are i-jtrj
near Canten, and arc alloweil to go to the two iiinujl 1 4.1
at that City, .ind to make trading Voyages wli.n they it
over, they ftill fiiul a way to fub(it>, and that is all , ft
the prodigious Pnfcnts they were forced to make tn :;
Chinefe Mandarins upon all Occafions, cat i.j', in ,1 < ; j
mealiire, their Profit. A Veflel, tlut goes to L;.;!,
pays, in the firll Pl.iie, 100/. Sterl. fur l,ea\e tutr.'r,
they are next forced to make a coiifiderable I'rell-nr tut [':■■
miflion to have their (joods brought on l»ard by tin C:
nefe, to whom they not only pay re.uly M .iiey !ei »: «
they buy, Init advance it likewili; Ibrnttinu-s a Ve.ir Ih:.;;-
hand. Atter all this, there is a Prefent neceffary fo' 1 -i ■
to depart, which is at lead ilouhle to what was^l^,[)!J!
Leave to tr.idej and they pay Duties to the Fnij eiorfo il
they buy, over and above thele Prefents to his Mir,;;.:
As loon as Cainain Clipperton in the Succfjs ciiten ; ; :
Port, he ialut(dthe Fortrels i which C onipi'iiieiit ivi;
returned, he went on fliore, ami found in the I'lai. ; ;
Captain of a /V/i(jftf'-/if Man of \\ ar, whul'o N.i . <'
have mcntioneil l^eto.e, and who undertook to cirr; w.i
belonged to the Owners to Bra/tl. The Crew louiki r.'-
felves a little at a Lots here, the Portti^uefe (. attain (^.£-
ing abfolutily in favour of their Conimamler , a;i.: :i;r
fore Mr. Cook, and another Gentleman, pr'UHded •^'■wv'i
Caman, to contiilt Mr. IVinder, Suj^rcai[»(j to .in l,i)l iC
man, antl Son to one of the princi})al I'roprietors, as 10;^
Meafun-s which lliould be taken about cairymg the Suj;
home ; and, ufV)n their Return, the Ship was Uirv ytd
condemned, and fold fur 4000 Dollars ; whi< h * 1-1 • ■
lefs than the w.is worth -, but that was none of Caj ui. i..'
perlcn'i Fault, who, to llicw that he ftill .idturej a :.
former Oimiion, agreed with the Perlbns who haii hut-
her lor his Paffagc m her to Balavia -, a plain li. ;.:t f.
that there was no Danger of her tbunderini; at .St.i I
Ship Ibkl, the Crew immediately coiKeived, tint f "i
Man was at Liberty to Ihift for himfcit, and to ulc : ; ■('
Lndeavour to lave what little was left him, attei lo u!.:i.-<
an Lxjieihtion. They had Re.ifon indeed to think "■ '
lucky, fincc they were, by this time, latisfied, tlu: at-
tain Mitchell, his Crew, and (- ar{^o, were all gun'- 1 ' '■■'
Bottom, or elle fallen into the iTands of the Spanni^-
which was to them pretty much the liinie thing It *is,.'.ii*
ever, lijnie Confolation 10 them, that they were in the N'-S^'
Ijourhood of the Aw^/f/ft taitory at Canitn -, and i.'itrt.as.

Chap. I.

Captain John Clipperton.

\^^

fix DoUan api-^e Wng required for a PaflTage in one of the
Ctintit Boats thither, twenty of them agreed to it immedi-
ately, in hopes ot getting a Paffage from thence home to
EnJand; and of this Number Mr. Taylor the Mate was
one : But, befor? they came to fail, he had a Korefight of
the Danger •, and therefore chofe to lofe his Money, and
wait lor another Coi.vcniency i and he had Keafon to look
upon this Lofs asa Piece of Frugality, fince the next News
they heard was, that the Boat had been taken by a Pirate,
and that moft of the People had loft their Things. After
a (hort Stay at Macao, an Opportunity offered for Mr.
faylor'i getting fpcedily and lafciy to Canton, a Mandarin
going thither in an armed Boat, lor which he, and the reft
of the Englijb Seamen that went with him, paid twenty
Dollars an Head : And their PalTagc taught them, that, in
fome Cafes, there may be Frugality in Expence ; for, in
their I'alfage, they faw a Pirate take a Boat in Sight ot the
Mandarin's ; which plainly Ihcwed, that the Government
winked at thofe things, and perhaps tiwught it gooii Policy
to raife a conliderablc Revenue, partly by Prefents from
the Pirates, and partly by Sums paid by Merchants and Paf-
fengers for thrir Protcflion ■, wiiich is one among a Num-
Ikf of Faifls tliat might be brought to prove, that the
boafted Wifdom of the Cbineje is nothing more, than the
Science of dextroufly hiding their Robberies from the In-
fncdion of the Law •, a fort of i'radice, in which, fxrrhaps,
they are as much exceeded by fome Northern Nations, as in
the Ufe of the Compafs of which, notwitliftanding, the
Chmfft bo.ift that they were the tiril Inventors •, and, per-
haps, a better Title might be made to that Invention by
them, than by any body elfe ; but, with rcfpect to Im-
provement, their Compafs, and their Manner of managing
this political Trade of Pirating, are equally clumfy.

25. On No'jtmber 4. they amved at the Englijb Fadory
at Canton, where they were well received, antl promifed all
imaginable Alfiftance towards their getting home, which
WIS what they now chiefly aimed at. There were, at this
time, fcveral Ships there ready to fail, firft for feveral Ports
in India^ and then for Europe. The Captains of theic
Vcflels Ixing folicited by the Fa(flory to take Captain Clip-
pirton's. Men on board, they met, and agreeii to carry thcin
to Great Britain for five Pounds .1 Man, being a very great
Favour •, anil accordingly they all paid their Money. Mr.
faylor, and two or three more, went aboard the Alaurice,
Captain Peacock, at If^anapo, being the Place where the Eu-
ropean Sliips lay, about three Leagues down Canton River.
The reft ot their Company divided in Icveral Ships. On the
9th, tilt V failed, in Company ot the Maccletfield, an Englijh
Eaji hdiamen, and an Oftender, called the Houfe of Auftria.
Mr. Taylor arrived lately at Ratavia in the Month ot De-
cmbtr, lailed from thence to tiie Cape of Good Hope in E'e-
bruary, came to St. Helena \n March, ami, m May 1722,
amveil in Ixndtn. The icft of the Ship's Company return-
ed, Inme iboner, fome later, as Opportunities oflered ; but,
as tor Captain Miiibell, who w.is fent to Bni/il with a liiull
Cnw, he was never heard ot, and moll jirobably was de-
ftroycJ on the Illand of TeLs, where he went alhore lor the
lake ot getting frclh Provifions. This Iws been generally
coiifuiered as the greatell Blemith of Captain CJipfxrion's
AitminilUation, I mull conlifs I think, without any jull
Kealon. In the firft I'lace, I conceive, tlu- great Str.l's C.ip-
lam Rogerj lays upon that Fxpedient might very well en-
gage Captain Qipperton to try what ini^lu be done in this
■ Way, efiKcially lint c the Owners had to 111 ongly recom-
mended Captain Roger i' f. \icouM of his Voyage, as the
f Rule and (juidc ot that, wIikI; was to Ik- made at their l-.x-
I'Ciiee. in the next Pl.ue, 1 mult own, I think the Project
I m itlclt li) very rtafjn.ible, that I ilu not we)iklt:r an Otlicer,
Kho had rhe doutl ot tlu- Voyage at 1 leait, was delirous ot
[trying thi Fxiieriment, They very well knew, that the
[VuLts they lud taken would produce little or nothing in
Ith: South Sias, bicaule the Sums, dtnianded by the Go-
Ivnior, lor 1 iceiues to tr.idc, wi re lb extravagant, that no
ll'rolu lould rilult liom liich a Conimrrce, cither to Buy •
^l^ or .Sellers. They knew t(-o, liut carrying thole Goods
p> k .igain 10 Europe w.is doing litih <ir nothing , and ther^-
Bon, 1: there was a I'rol alulity ot lending thiin to a Place,
V ill-re the^' might be fold to great Aitvant.ige, anil the Pro-
duie iimlltd lb, as to jirotuie coiirKlci.iblc I'l-u'it on the

Voyage from Brajil to London, it appears to me in the light
of a very good Uefign. As to the Vcflel in which Captam
Mitchell embarkeil, it was very fit for his Purpofe, and
every way well provided j . and hi« Crew, of thirteen Eng-
lijh, and ten Negroes, (ufficient ibr the Navigation. Cap-
tain Mitchell himfelf was a very good Officer, and, for any
thing that appears, was very well fatified with the Com-
mand to which he was appointed : Neither is there the leaft
Intimation, that this Scheme of Captain Qipperton's was
cenfured, even by his own mutinous Crew, till the Event
fhewed, that it was unfuccefsful : So that, on the Whole,
I think, the Captain was rather to be commended than con-
demnctl for this Adtion, by which he could propoli no Ad-
vantage to himfelf, but in common with the Owqfrs, from
the Succefs of the Voyage. But it is time to ciuic thefc
Refleftions, in order to come to the loll Scene 01 Captaia
Clipperton's Life.

26. He failed in the Succefs, after fhe was fold, as a Paf-
fenger, from Macao to Batavia -, from whence he procured
a PaiFage home in a Dutch Eaji India Ship, and arrived, in
the Beginning of June 1722, at Galway in Ireland, where
he left his Family, in a very bad State of Health, occafioned
partly by his great Fatigues, but chietiy through the Con-
cern he was under for the Lofs the Owners had fuftained by
this untortun.ite Voyage. It may indeed be objeded, that,
on his Arrival in Holland, he ought to have returned thence
to London, and given the Proprietors the befl Account in
his Power of the Undertaking, and of his Management.
But, when we refledt, firil, on his fending home their Moi-
ety of the Profits in the Portuguefe Ship, which, by the
way, very nearly rcimburfed the txpence they had been at
in fitting out the Succefs, the Purchafe-money of the Ship
being taken in, and it we r" :;: advert to the weak Condi-
tion lie was in, when he went to Galviny, where he did not
live a V/eek, we may very well excule him. He might
very probably have hoped, that the Comfort of feeing his
Wife and Children miyht contribute to reftore his Health,
anil enable him to make a Voyage to London, when in a
Condition, to fettle his Accounts v or, if he found himfelf
to very low, as abfolutely to delpair of recovering at all,
it was very natural for him to delire the Satisfaflion of fee-
ing his Family in his laft Moments. But, above all, we
ought to icnieniber, that it was not in his Power to do more
for the Proprietors, than he had done ; and therefore he was
at the greater Liberty to take all the Care he could of his
private Concerns. It is a very eafy matter to cci.fure the
Condud, blacken the Memory, and mifreprefent the
Adions, of a poor Man in his Grave ; but, t'rom this plain
and faithful Account of all his Tranfaftions, I dare fay, every
impartial Reader will agree, that he was an Objee't nt Pity,
rather than Refentment, fince, after fo many long \'oyages,
in which he fuiTered fo many and lb great llaidlliips, he
died at lall ot a broken Heart, with a broken Fortune.

27. The Remarks that have been made on the iaft
Voyage, have luch a Relation to this, that, if I was nor,
as 1 really am, pretty much Iheightened lor Room, I ihould
not take up much of the Reader's Time in Obfervations.
a\ very few Remarks are necellary, and I (hall make but
a fiw, and fuch as have a Tendency to explain the Nature
of all Lxpeditions ot this Kind. In the full Place, I Ihall
take notice, that the F.xpence of this AJ.venture, though
mucli larger than it need have been, by procuring his Im-
perial .Majetly's ComiTiiinon,and the wafting fome Money
in Flanders, was not exceflively great, or llich as ought to
difeourage all future Undertakings of this Nature. It was,
as the Proprietors themfelves admit, no more than 14,000/.
and, when it is confidered, that two large fine Ships were
titted out, capable, in all rel'peds, if their Commanders
had agreed, and done their Duty, of combating the whole
Force of the Spaniards in the South Seas, if, I fay, we
conlider this, and fuller ouilelves at the lame time to re-
member, that at leaft as much is fpent in a Seafon at Vaux-
hall, or Raneliigb, we may juftly wonder, that tiie South
Seas do not Iwarm with EngUfi Privateers. It is true,
there are fome French Ships gone thither by PcrmilTion,
which may h.- of tolerable Strength ; but, except thefe,
there is no Reafon to fufped, that the Spaniards arc
llronger, than at the Time Captain Clipperton made his
Voyage. Our Efforts, diinng this War, have been chieHy
; E made

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1^1

ip8

7/;^' VOYAGES ^/

Book I.

imilc intlu-N.itliSc.isi aiu!, tlurrfore, rhe Spamjh Go-
vfrnors have tiinial tlifir Amiition nioftly en that
.Siilc, ami, crniUiiiMiily, tlicy iirgWkd tliis. It mud be
owned, that CajT/.n Clipperm'i Voy.iijc ywvcd a great
I.ofs to his Oviicn, who did not recede aborc looo/. tor
UtWicn icvc.i and eight that they laid out : Yet, it wc
conlldcr, that, notwiihlUnding hi» Separation from his
Conlbrt, and many other iinluiky Accidents that he rnct
with, he a(fliially fcciircil 6000/. for his Owners, befidcs
^000 1, loll with Captain MiubaH, ;ind one thoufand more,
ior which the S^ccffs was fold, wc ihall find, that he made
more than a faving Voyafcc of iti and that, conlequcntly,
if both Ships had done their Duty, the Expciiition had
been at Icalt as gaintul as that of the DAe anil Durbef},
wliich coll very little more than this and which produced
1 70,000 Pounds one Moiety of which belonged to the Fro-
priitors •, which is futficient to (Tiew, the ill I'urn that this
Aft"iir took, ought by no means todilcourage us from under-
taking fiich an I'Apedition for the future ; fince we can
fcarcc propofe any other, that lias a ProfpcCl of being
more advantageous, or Itfs hazardous. 1 ftiajl next ob-
(erve.that the Skill of Captain CUpptrton has fully (hewn us,
that there is nothing extremely ilangcioas in a Voyage to
the South Seas. He fuled on the 15th of l-ekruarj, and
he entered the Streights of Magellan the 29th of May,
which makes but fcvtnty-threc Days in the \N hole, out of
which wc arc to tal:c twenty, that he cruilcd for his Con-
fort at the Canartts, and Cape de yerde Idands •, lb that wc
may very well foppofc, that, if the Ships had been toge-
ther, and had met with none of thefe unlucky Accidents
they mipht in three Months have doubled Cape Home. I o
thde Obfervatior.s I (hall add another, and (b conclude. It
appears to have been Captain Qtppertin'% Intention to have
conic home in the Succi/', inftcad of felling her at Matao
for about half what (he was worth ; and, if he had ilone
this, it ii very highly probable, he had laved aJl the Money
which was loft in th^ Portugtafe Eaft Indiamwi, and made a
tolerable Voyage. The contrary Scheme, of felling, de-
ftroying, and gcttuig home at any Rate, appears to have
been purlued by Capuin Cook, and the Ship s Company,
who, provided they got PonVfTion of the Shares they had
carved out for thcmliives, were not in any Pain about the
Intercfl of the Proprietors. This fhcws now ncteflary it
is to be fccure xs to the Charaftcrs of under Officers, before
they arc employed in Expeditions of this Nature. A Man

of a narrow and lllliih DiCixifition, who has nothing ;•
Heart but the adding to Ins own lortune by any MrtW
and at any boiiy's 1- Ki>enc( , will nev-r tail to invt-nr, or t',
promote, iiny .Sthcim- that lecnis raltulate<i f(,r hin own
Advantage, tho' di.uiutriciilly (.pixiliie to the |V(ij;nci
the Voyage : And the luvmg a Spirit or twc of thi< So'rt, 1
fufficient to dillurb and ronfound any i'riv.ir •cr', Cr «
fince fiich are generally made up of Men low m Brrh,
mean inUiKhrlt.uulinti, and nectllitous in poinr i.f 1,^/
tune, which was the I ale here, as Captain Utti'xl.' d&.vov.
kilges in the Account of the Voyage, wlicrt ht pri.t (r-;
that, when tiny kit I'lymoiifh, he was furc the Ship's Com!
pany could not raile 5/. amonjift them all It is tuir, ||,f,.
might be a Difficulty in gating many I'erlons oi S(: f;
Probity, and m tolerable Circumftances, to umlirtak. l
I'rivatiiring Voy.ige to the .South Seas: But, tins v. >v,,t
ntcii not I'e endeavoured ; for tolerable Terms grime,
half a dozen Seafaring Pcojilc, would anfwer the I- •
and prixu.e the Captain, or Commander in Chief, In- j
enougli to fup(xjrt him, whenever Ik was intlicK"t,:
for, though It be very cafy to leducc the private Mc; |.»
enlnariiig Speeches, yet it rarely hap|)ens, that t!uy p ,;
and cxixuvi- any WKked itiign, without the Kiiu iir.^
ment, or Connivence at Itall, of lome of tlieir Ofticr. ;
but, when once they are fatislied, that a I'aity i^tdrntl
aniongft them againll the Commander in chief, thy ;..
tJw.iys backward in their Duty, think every thing ili.u 5
expected from them a Huidlhip, and are never ;, v
latisiied as to their Demands of Plunder, Lfc. As ,i lur:;;-;
I'roof of tills, the Reader need only obftrve, tli.it »h^
Captain Mitchell, and Mr. Dai-i/on, were on bo.inl, th ;;
tell out none of tlu-fe Difputes, none of thcle .Mutini;!,
but, alter the unfortunate Uuliiv-G at Guam, when Laptjii
^ipperton had made lo free with the (ilals, as nui to bt
ifoic to command wh*;n the Ship was in the utmoll \l.'.r.v'.:,
there was an Fnd of Dilcipline i and Co«^, who aijx.ujto
liave lK.cn r.iiled on that Occalion to a temporary Ln-
maiul, by the Confent of the Ship's Crew, invella! 1 .m.
fell tlunccforw.ird with a Title and Authority ol iwcij
Captain , and piilhed the Sufinefs of (hariiig the Pnz:-
money, that he might be confidered in that C,^iiality : > i
the Diilnbuiion of the Money ; which fiiigle Aiit wa :.;
ablolute Rum of the Voyage. Such untoward Int!;. .;
may one Man's Vices have on the Portuncs of many.

SECTION XVIII.

Captain George Shf. lvocke's Voyage round the IVorld from his owpi Acxoun:.

, 7/.'f Authri Di'parture fi cm Envl,,r,d, and Separation from Clipjicrton. l. PrcctiJ to tit Can.;;!,
and Cape dc \'fid IJlanJu 3. TZv/r ylrrhal .;/ the JJiand »f St. Cj.iilurii>c'i, en the Coa/l of B;.,,;
Proceediti^i there, and Dtfcription of that Ijland. 4. Difputes and Dijlurhances among ti.t ^Lipi t.- -,
and the Meant taken to appeafe them. y. Continuation of the Voyage to the Streights <oJ Ic Maire, L-.i
Pajja^e through them. 6. ^bey crtiife on theCci/io/ Chili, "unth indijferent Succejs. 7. ylrr..:. -■.
and Diicnption of, the Ijland 0/ ChWoc. 8. Arrr.al in the Bay of dowcc^mn. 9. Sail for the lji.i-i
c/ Juan Fernandez. 10. Profecute their p'oyage, and cruifi' on the Cca/l of Pvra. 11. Arrival tu, ci
Dfjerifticn cf, the Port of Arica. i j. Tranfailiom in the Cruize from thence to Payta. i <[. Jrrrd
at, and A' tack of, the Tivn c/ Payta. 14. Ajmart Engagement tut tb the Spanilli Admiral in theS:: '(
Seas. I f. Sail hack to the Coa/l 0/ Chili, and are ji.ip^-reckd on the IJland of Juan l-'crnaiidtz. 10. ./.-
count of tl}eir Tranjaclicm u-hile forced to remain on that IJland. 1 7. liuild a Pari there, in orJr ::
proceed again into the South Seas. 18, Dejcnption »f the I/Iaml of ]\\tu\ FcrnaiKicz, in the Cohiitr'i 1
which they found it. 19. They attack and make themfelves Maflen of Iquiquc. ao. Take a ■.!-,i
Sp.mifh Ship, called the Jctu Maria, o» the Coafl of Pcni. 21. Continue their Voyage to the Ijhi'iJ J
Qiiibo. 22. Tlrir Je'.rral Ifrteriiews -with Captaiu CWp^Tton in //v Succcfs. 2 J. Crui/e on the C-'.
of Mexico, and take another large Spaiiifli Ship, called the Sacra FainJli;i. 24.. Sail once more for Q^i'
and art expojed to great Hardjkipi in their Pa/age. 2 5 . Thry are attacked by a flout Sp.inilh Sh:f, •■ •
after an objlinate Dijpute, take her. j6. Other Adventures in thof'e Seas. 27. Arrival at Fuf'iJ
Stguro, on the Cjafi r.J QMoxnw. 28. Defcription oj the South Part of that Country, and iti h':-'-
hitants, 29. Sail from theme for theV^d ladies, and arrive Jajely *;/ Ciiitoii. 30. Proceed]!-^
thence Jor Engldiid, and arrive Ja/ely at lAJiidon, Augull 1. 1722. 31. Ri-marks upon this /''v.y.

N the lntrr»du<rtion to tho former Voyage, I luvc
given a large Account ol the Motives on which it
was founded ; tlic yriguul PLui of ailing under

an Imperial Commiinon •, the Realbn why tins I'l n
changed, and Captain Clipperion advanced to tia' i
Command -, fu diai there needs nothing morcon tlut.'^i "

Chap. I.

Iifre. I (hall tl
.Scheme of the
Command of ■
Men i Ins fecor
a very giwd CI
Mr. //V//MW Be
Mill limifelf has
thailore I havi
as it IS in my Pi
fxpl.iiiatory Circ
;is may let the l<
of h'thruary 17
Company with ti
pany together n(
nine and ten o'
Storm ol Wind i
our lop- fails :
very much pref
Succefs'i Lee } i;
ing-to : By cicv
with our Yards
Knot of Canvas 1
Mizcn. About
Qiurter, and drc
our Stern dead L
ol Water before
were, for a cunfn
Tons of louiuicrinj
' inger ; we wei
Wiiul, nor (oulcl
Lee one being a
this had a SucccI
fo that none coul(
choly Sii eights, t
could have recoi
i God that we were
On the 70th, we
VtfliI, fo that at f
at Midnight fct th
I In the Morning, t
was not Iccured
[ Storm fo terrified
I th.it 1 was inlurint
jupn bearing awaj
la Complaint ai^ain
[was lb Mry crank
•us to tlie South
Mutineers by Real
I'm pole : 1 hey ci
,| fi m Refolution of

''* 1 f to Kilt^ltiiid ;

I. v'lo, apptaring ui
^'„ i\ pcaring rrlblute,
,^* famed iticlmabic
^^- lianlv (liiblxjrn Pel
'% the rell ot the Cn '
■f^il Memory of pa
fi-'ure Conduct, ol
2. As the Cam.
|efvoiu, we contir
everal Ships in o
;,gJ)«-((f/j, hut were a
••!^>'<i. On the 171!
I'i'l iniilcd there th
••vhith Time the
tpt the taking a In
pair, ,ind Icmc \V
lltiT the Ku.it'5
?ri« to the Ship.
►as the Capi: f/c /
fiein, we might t>
ptrihgeiice (,f, C
ifth ot Jpnl in (I
a Wreck, and
noke on the I,im,
t>at rame off, and
M Indiaman, C.i]
JiMoituiie of tunn
fpon which, 1 be;;

(

Clup. I. Captain George S ii r l v o c t. e.

|,frc I rtiall tlicrcfore obfcrvr, that, according to tlic new
Sclifmc ot tlic Voyage, Captain Sbelvocke rttainctl tlic

Opportunity of fupplying myfilf with fuch Neceflaries as
wc wanted i and therefore askeil tlie Mate, If I could
have any I'ianks or Nails out of the Wreck ? He told me,
that the Sliips in the Road to Leeward hail got every
thing that couUI i)e faved out of her. But, when I came

Coniinanil of \.\\c Speedtuel, a Ship ot 24 Guns, and luO

(Vicn Ins f«ond Ciiptain was Mr. Simonilatley, who has

, very good Character in Captain Rogers'^ Voyage j and

^\x.hdiuim Bcagb was Captain of Marines. The Cap- to enter the Rood, all the .Ships that were there, being

,,ii,|„mfclfhas written an Account of the Expedition, and thirteen in Numbir, opjjofcd it, from a Suppolition, that

ilimiore I have it in my Choice to make uli: of it as far
as it IS in my Tower •, adding, as Occafion requires, futh
fxplmatory Cirrumflances from Captain Betagb'i Account,
;b niay lit '111' Reader into the whole Affair. On the 1 3th
ill Ftkuary 1719. wc failed, fays Captain Shtlvocke, in
Coinpany with the Succefs^ from Plymouth, and kept Com-
pany toj^ither no longer than to the 19th, when, between
nine and ten o'Clock at Night, there came on a violent
Storm of Wind at South-weft, which obliged us to take in
(iiir lop-fails : The Gale increafing uiion us, and being
very much prefled, I haled up my Fore-fail under the
i«f</j's Lee \ upon which they made a Signal for bring-
ingto : By eleven o'clock we were under bare Poles,
with our Yards a-portland, not Ixing able to fuffer one
Knot of Canvas all Night, except for a little while a reefed
Mizin. About Midnight, n Sea ftruck us upon the
Qiiarter, and drove in one of our Quarter's, and one of
our Stern deatl Lights, where we Ihipped great Qiiantities
ot Water before we were able to ftop them again, and
were, for a confuierablc time, under continual Apprehen-
fions ot founilei ing. This Accident expofed us to the greateft
I \ingcr i we were not able to get the Ship before the
Wiiui, nor (ould we work the Pumps upon Deck, the
Lee one being all the time under Water v and, belides
this had a Succellion of proiiigious Seas driving ovc . •■,
fo that none could ftand on their L.egs. In thcfe melan

I was A I'ree-bootcr \ but, being convinced, the Commo-
«lorc, and the reft of tlie Mafters, came on board, and
made their Kxcufts, proniifmg I lliould have whatever I
wanted. But, after all, I was able to obtain nothing more
than two or three Sheathing-boards, and a few Tons ot
Salt. A little before we arrived here, my Gunner, whole
Name was 'I'urner Stevens, very gravely propofed to me,
and the lell of the Officers, criiifing in the Red Sea :
I'or, Liiil he, tiiere can be no harm in robbing thofe Ma-
hmedttns ; The poor Spaniards they are good Chriftiaiis,
and it would, doubtlelii, be a Sin to injure them. Upon
which, I immediately ordered him into Confinement.
After this, he, in a very outrageous Manner, threatened
to blow up the Ship. '1 hertfore, tor tiiele,and many other
Reafons, I difcharged him, at hib own Requcft, being very
glad to lee every boiiy till- as well pleated a.s mylelf at his
Departure : I alio left my chief Mate here, at his own
Dclire, having been guilty of leveral Mifdemcanours •, but
particularly, the Ni^iu after wc anchored, he had the Im-
prudemc to quarrel with Mr. Brooks, the firft Lieutenant,
and to ligiit with him i whicli caulcd no fmall Uillurbance
on board ; for which I corie<;ted him, and was vciy well
fatislied to find him fo inclinable to leave us, he having
k-en a very troublefoine Perlon. On the iSth,we weighed
from the lll.md of May, and arrived the fame Day in the
Roail of Porto Praya, on the Ifland of St. lago, wiiich is

chuly Stitights, the Cha'-n-^ump was the only thing we the chid of the Cape de yerdes, and had Abundance of fair
could have recourfe to, by means of which it pleafed'^'fomilts from the commanding OlBccr ; which ended.

I God that we were delivered from imjicnding Deftruftion

I On the ?oth, we had no Sight of the Succtfs, or any other

j VfllU, fo that at Noon we fcv the M.iin-fail double-rcefal,

at Midnight fct the Top-fails, and ftood to the North-well.

In the Morning, the Htlm-coai was waftied away, which

was nut Iciured again without much Diffiailty. This

Storm fo tcrrititd the greateft Part of our Ship's Company,

I that 1 was informed, that feventy of them were retblved

[upon bearing away for England, and that they had formed

la Complaint ai;ainft the Ship ; tor they alleged, that ftic

I was fo \(ry crank, that the would never be able to carry

^us to the South Seas. I endeavoured to appcafe thefe

Mutineers by Reafon, and fair Ufage ; but to very little

rruipolc ; 1 hey continued, infpite of all I could fay, in a

'fi m Rtfolution of piirtuing their firft Defign, and leturn-

i " to Ei{^lattd i bit, h.iving recourfe to my Officers,

V i 1, appearing upon the Quarter-deck, well armcii, and

a, puring rrl'olute, the Mutineers loft their Spirits, and

Ifcimid irdinabie to do their Duty, except two or three

hardy llubl)orn Fellows, whom I ordereii to theGeers ; but

he reft ot the Cn w inrerpofed, and, promifuig to wijx: oli'

■ Memory ot pall Offences, by the Regularity of their

, It'iire Conduct, obtained their Pardon.

2. As the Cannnes was the firft Place of our Ren-

, .■tiifvouj, we continued our Coiiric thither; and, meeting

I ^jl'Ji-vcral Ships in our Pafliige, inquired carefully after the

'^ciiaefe, but were able to gain no Intelligence of her what-

On the 1 7th of March, we arrived at the Canaries,

.1 iruifcii there the Time appointed by our InftrurtiOBS •,

•.vhith Time there happened very little remarkable, ex-

ept the taking a fmall Prize of fixteen Ton, with a little

lair, ,ind Itmc Wine, on board; and the bcft Part ot the

\n>-x the Boat's Crew drank, before they brought the

Pti« to the Ship. The next Place I thought of going to

jf.is the Capi: de ymie Hlands, in Hopes, thar, amongft

)iim, we nii(^ht either meet with, or at leaft gain fiime

litilligcncc of. Captain Clijferlon. We arrived on the

l^th ot April m the Road of the llle ot May, where we

a Wreck, and an /'.«^///i& Kniign llyi"i; near a great

noke on the I jiui. As we ftooii in \"\ Infbrniation, a

Dat lame otr, and acquainted us, that it was the laitzitirn

M Indiaman, Captain Hide Coniinaiuler, who haii the

ILMoitune ot runniii" albore alxnit three Wet ks Ix tore.

:?'hyi:u

however, in nothing more than getting a little Provifions:
And hie I liild our linall Prize tor 150 Dollars to the Go-
vernor C.iptaiii Betdgh iiffirnis, the Purchafe-money was
but ciyhsy Dollars); and finding, after repeated Experi-
mciU!., tliat there was no fort ot Dependence to be made
on ^s i'oitiiguefe Officer, 1 relblvetl to quit this Ifland
without Delay ; the rather, becaule I had thought of an-
other I'lace, where I had Hopes of obtaining whatever was
neceffary t<)r our PafTage into the South Seas. The Place
I intended for wa.s the Itland of St. Catherine's, on the Coalt
ot Brnjil, in the Latitude of 20" 30' South ; which, ac-
cording to the Account given of it by Mr. /•rt'z/Vr, abounds
with all the Neceftarics of Life, and with tlich Ccnvenien-
cies elpii i.illy as are requilite in long Voyages. On the
20th, we faileil from .SV. higo, from wiicnce wc had a very
b.id PatT.ii;e, being twenty one Days before we crolTed the
l''.quiiu)Clial : While we W( re between the two Trade-
winds, wc had generally little variable Breezes all round
theConipals, Ibnietinus gnat Sijualls of Wind and Rain,
with Thunder, Lightning, tJf. and, in ihort, the moft
uncertain Wiather imajvual)le. We were titty-live Days
in going to Si. Catbannc\, during which, little remarkable
happened ; except that, on the 4th of June, we made
Cape I'riii, biaiing VN'ell teven Leagues dilfant at Noon,
Latitutie, /i(7 Oblervation, 23'^ +r South ; and, on the
r,\.\\ in ilie /Mternoon, we law a Ship Ibjinmiiig with us,
whom we Ijioke with. I ordered the tive-oar'd Boat to be
hoilled «)Ut, and lent Captain Ilatley in her, to inquire
what News on the Coall ; and gave him Money to buy
liimc I'obacto ; lor the Suaefs had got our Stock on board
of th.it, as well as other Things, which created a Weft-
country I'aniine among us. When Hat'ey returned, he
told nie, Ihe w.is a Porliigiiefe from Rio Janeiro, and bound
to /Vr«ii)»/ w. » ; that he ( ould gc t no 'iobacr o ; anil had
iherctorc; laid out my Money in unnectfTavy Trilles, riz.
China Cups and Plates, a little 1 Luid-neft ot Drawers, lour
or live Pieces o^ China Silks, Sweet-meats, Bananas, Plan-
tains, and I'unipions, i^c. 1 gave him to underftaiid,
that I w.ts nor at all pKaled witii him for Iquamhiing away
my Money III lb lilly aM.iniur: Hcaniweied, " That he
" thoii;;lir what he did was for the bell ; that he had laid
out his own Money as well as mine, and, in his Opi-

his Know-

nion, to a gnod Atlvantage ; and th.it, to Ins
'pen which, I bcj^aii to thmk, that ihis niyht be a good " Ici'.gr, tlie 1 lungs he loui^ht, would fell lor double the

(i " Money

if-ylil

fi'!

200

^he VOYAGES oj

^('Ok 1. H Chap. I.

^^. ;!■■:■ J

^r■ul-

V-

" Monrv they coft, ii the next Port we were g.)in{^ to.
However, I afTured h>m, I did not like hi» Prcxmlingi
by any means. The Account which Captain i»//<».i;^ B'*" '
of this Matter, is very different. He allerts, that Captain
Shthockt ordcrtd In>perial Colours to be hoiftcti, aiul then
obliged the P^r/KTfwy* to bring to: Cautain //<»//<7, ^oing
aboaKi With a Boat's Crew, armed each Man with a Cut-
lals, and a Pair of Piltols, put the Forlttguefe Capram
in fuch a Fright, that he not only Unt all Sorts ot Kc-
frelhmems, but a dozen Pieces of Silk, llowertd with
Gold and Silver, worth about three Pounds a ^ aril, k-
▼cral Dozens of China Plates and Balbns, a Ja-.ari Cal>in< t,
and three hundrnl Moidores in hard nokj, nimtylix ol
which were aftei wards found upon Hallty when taken Pii-
foncr by the Spaniards in the Weft Indus, whrro this Fart,
having lb ftrong an Appearance ot Piracy, had like to lrav(
coft him his Life.

3. On the 1 }d of 7wi^ they anchored Ix-fore tlic Kland
of St. Calbarim, where, fays Captain Sbe'.vockt, the tirtt
thing I did, was to fend the Carp<'ntcr afhore, with dl the
People that could be ufiful to him, in felling ot Trrcs and
fawing them into Planks ; The reft oi the Crew wire cm'-
ployed in other necelfary Services ; Ami, in the mean time,
the Captain of the Ifland, and the reft of tlic Inlubitaiit^,
came off every Day with frclh Pro»ifions •, whiih was a
very gn.-at Convenience, bcraufe it hindered our People
from breaking in upon their Sca-ftoris while iluy con-
tinued in this Harbour. 1 luirchafed Iikewife 21 Black
Cactit, fcveral Hogf, and loa laigc faited Dium-fiOi •,
together with T50 Bulhels of a fort of Meal which tlie
Portuguffe call Farino dt J'af, which is the Hour of Cat-
fador-root, as fine as our Oatmeal ; a very hearty Fc/od,
and prepared with very little Trouble. 1 likcwile bought
160 Bulheh of Calavance^, fomc with Money, at the Kate
of a Dollar a Bu(hel, a.nd lomewith Salt, exchanging one
Buftiel for another -, adding to all this a very nccclTary .Ar-
ticle i which was, a good (^Jiiantity of Tobacco. 'I'hc
Account given by Monfieur Frruer, of tliis Illaii.l, is very
exad, except in two Particulars ; The firft is, that he takes
no notice ot an Iilantl lymp between that ot Gail, .uid the
Continent of Bmjil; the next, a Reef of Rock.s, which is a
▼cry material OmilTion. Inall l>cfcnptionsof this Kind, Care
(hould h: taken to let down every thing plainly, fu as to
prevent any Doubts from ariling in the Min.is of fuch as
are to make ufe of thefe Ddaiptions, efpcoaliy with re-
gard to Roails, Anchoring-}>laces, and where Water is to
be taken in. 1-or want of Accuracy in this refpect, (iiih
a, have no other Ciuidc but their BtX)ks and Chans, which
was our Cafe, are li.ibic to run into dangerous Frrors, and
fuch, i)erhaps, as admit ot no Remedy •, and, for tins
Reafon, wherc-«v<r I venture uj>on any Defcriptionv, I
fhall be more careful to lay down what may be of Ufe, than
to rntertaiii ihe Reader with Matter ol Anuit'cment. But,
to return tiom theS- RerieAions, to that which fxcalionrd
ihcm. In order to arrive at the AnchoringpLice, y(.u
muft continue to fail in the Chanel between Si. Ca:b,tnHt\
and the Continent, till you come within or near two lm.ill
inands, which, as yet, have hail no Name given ihem :
Ovcragairft the Noithennoft ot thelc is the Wateniig-
jlaee on St. Qttkartne'f., near to the Fntrancc of a fniall
Salt-water Creek ; oppolitc to which, you may come-tu
in fix or fcven lathom very fafcly, the Bottom being a
fine grey Sand. 'I'hc illand ot Si. Catharine's is alxjut
eight Leagues and an halt m Length, bi.'t, in Breadth, no-
where exceeds two L^gu- s ■, an-l the Chanel, between it
aixl the Continent, fo narrow in one Fart, a.s net to be
much above a Qiiarter ot a Mile m Breadth : Ic is all over
covered with inacceffible Wcxxis, lo tfiat, excepting the
Planutions, there is not a clear Sjiot ujion it. 1 he leaft
IHaiul al»ut it is in the lame Mani.er, al»iindlng with a
great Variety of 'Trees, and l'n(i> igiowrli with Uramblrsand
'Thorns, which hinder any Aeeels 1 and the main Coniinent
of Brajil may lit- juftly termed a valf continued Wilder,
ncfs. 'The .Safliifras, fo much ifttcmed »\ kuropt, \\ |o
common there, tlut we laid in a yt^A Qoaiiiity, mlteail of
other Wood, for tiring. 'They h.ivc there great I'N nty of
Orarges, both China and .Sevill.-, I .enu-ns Citrons, Ijmis,
BanaiLTs, Palm, Cabbage, Melons of all Sons, and To-
»:oc3. They have the Sugaicanc very large and good.

but make little or no life of it for want of ll(fnr,|, ,
that the little Mclafles and Rum they have thty frjl vrr
dear. As to their (»ame, there is hanlly any to U' |u/
altliough the Wootis are full of Parrots, wlmK are .»,J,!
Fating, and arc always feen to fly in Pairs, nofwithft^,
ing there nwy Ix- tome hundreds in a Flo( k, Modj^,
Cockatocs, Plovers, and a great Divcrfity of other Umi
of curious Colours, and jx-culiar Shapes, |)aiticularly uri
(ijmcwhat larger than a Thrulh, which has a Spur m i{
Joint of each Wing, The Flamingoes are very oftm if,
here in great Numlicrs \ they are of a very line .Sejrkt
and apjK-ar extreiiicly lv,>autil"ul when flying •, they arcaboi,'
the Size of an i leron, and not unhkr them in SIuik;, 'i,

3uite otherwitir with the Filhery \ for, as they luve aby,.
ancc of fevrral Sorts of gooil Fifh, 16 they have i\n^,
every-wliere tlic bell Conveniency for haling the ,S(vnr
All their B*ysand Creeks are rcry well ftotknlwith },\^^_
k-ts, large Rays, Grunters, cavalli«s, and Dnmi tiih \^
called from the Nolle they make, by which they artV
Kiwcd to Sliolc-watcr, anil taken ; fomc ot whnh n
twenty or thirty Pounds Weight, and their .Scalvi arc
ahivilf as big as a Crown- piece-, the Porikgurfe r.iH t],;;,
Morocs. You m.iy go up three or four Miles utor,.
lalt-water Creek before-mentioned, to bt near tie \Va';-.
ing-placc, where each Rock, Stone, and even the Kootul
the Mangrove-treei, aftbrd a delicious Sort of fniilljjrtpi
Oyftcrs : Likewife, among the Rocks by the .Starki-, v.j
find what is commonly called the Sea-egg •, in its (hjua-J
Form, It nearly rcfemblcs a IXxrkbur, excepting that \yi
are generally three or tour times as big, ami are ot .iStj
green or deep-purple Colour •, but, in the Infule, t.-t
arc diviticd in Partitions, like Oranges ; each Partition coit.
tains a yel.'ow Subllance, which is eaten raw, ar.il, in r.i
Oj)inion, c-xceeds all the Shcll-fifh I ever tailed -, they '.iV(
Prawns of an extraordinary Size ; and, in our Net', v
Ibmetimes caught the Sca-hor!e. On the Savaniulis ol .*•/
ziliba, on the Continent, ovcr-againll the Soutlir rmolt i'K
ot St. (Mtharin('s, they have great Numbets of Blatk Cait.;,
lonie ot which we were fufficicntly iupplied with 1p..i
thence, and which we Ixiught at a very nafunablr I'rm.
'The Character of ihc Pcrtuguefe of this Illaiui is, thitthfj
arv a Parcel ot Banditti, which come for Refuge Itcrriroo
the neighbouring and more Ifridly govern d Coloiiw 4
brajii : Lmanud Man's, who w.is what they tail. ! ::;
Captain of the Iiland, was ftill thtir Chief, as mu 1 « 1
Vtijjit's Time v however, for my Parr, I imii hu: ,■)
tiiem th-.-Jultiic to lay, that tluy traded within,;v;;j
honcllly, and were very civil to every one, but thoi wS)
give then thole grols AtfVonts hereafter mentioned. r,.>-
tnioy the Blelfings ol a fertile Country, and a wi.t.ijK
Air i and Hand m neixlof no Ncceffaries, exxrept Cloath,.w
TJuy have Firearms fu(ficient for their Ule -, anii, in-
deed, they have necii of them very often; tor thry n
greatly troubled with Tygcrs ; but Ule has nudethem.v
under that Inconvcniency \ yet, in their lloulis, thrt «
obliged to keep a great many Dogs, to deltroy tholi; :.
venous Creatures, who oftcmimes make a prodij'.ioiJi Hi-
votk aiiiongd tliein. I have been told, th.it a Tvg:

.'-r ."i

killc-il eight or ten Dogs in a Night ; but, it it \x I'
light, they Icldom cfca|)c from them \ Kir tt»y tW-nx'^:*
tlic Inhahit^aits « kind ot Diverfioii, and an OiijX)rr,:ri-
to ilcftroy them elfa'fually. In lliort, nothing \-. rr.c~|
common, th.m to lire the Prints ol Tygers Paws u;:
landy Be.u h : \s ti> their tine Dwelliiig-hoilfes, nir ,tM.-: |
by .VIonlieur Jrczirr, nuiK- of us could fee any lu li tl.r,
nor have they a.iy Place worthy the Name of a lV.vii,w|
any Fortification ol ;my kind, excejit the Wooih, »;.v
are a certain Rein-at and S/curity agaudt any Fmin.:'::
may attack tliem. .As to the Indians ot thole I'. • .
laniiot Ciy muiii of ilt-m, l«ving never feen abovi t»oil
three of them.

4. There hap[K-nrd, liiiring the Stay we in.u!?- -i;
Catharine's, tome i'allages worthy of Notice, of whiili t.v:v- 1
lore I Ihall gi\'e a coiiiili- Account : On 'July 2 w. l.».
large Ship at Andior uiuler Parrots Ifland, alx>ii( nvcMi^l
b<l-w the I'lair where we l.iy 1 ujx)n which, altrr u^:i
t!ie neccllary Preiaiitions for Iccuring the Wateniii; j ■«
and what we hail ailiorc there, i tent my Launch, i«|
nuiincd and armed, under t.hc Command ot a l.i-^-

chap. I. dipt ii in G e b r c e S ii e l v 6 c k e. 201

is, thilthff

>^^ lieu- IDS)

Coloiiif^'i

y taiLi v.:

as niu;iia:,i

fill liut do

with iiu vrrj

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pt C'lo4(h,2g,

jnd, :.•
; tor ihry n I
iii'lctlicni.!'

ills, thrt II! I

Ihuy thUc
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it It K' lb-
K-y llufi jfl>sl I
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t a r(/.vn,iw|

iiv Kmnv.

) abov.i*'J>'|

ic inai!!' a: !

lot whiiin".*!

\h I. we ti*'

IlkjUt live M^- 1

alti-r !i'n''H

/attTins;i'''M

LuuikIi, «

It al.i.v...i^'l

to know what ft»c was ■, but witli a ftrift InjiinAion to Iiim
not tit gi> "'> '«'•"■''• Alwut Noon, tlic- Lauiiih returned i
anil the Linit naiit rcixtrted, that <hc was the Ruby, tor-
mcrly one ot our Men of VVar, but now one of Martinet's
Squaiiron, roninundcil by one M. /a JoHqmere v tlut liis
OlTicrrs aiul Stami n wrrc, moll of them, frencb, to the
Niimb.r ot about 420 \ and that, tlio* Ihc was adually in
the Spanijh Service, ytt they hail not the lead Uclign to
mulcll Ub, ha\ ing iiuittcd the iiouth Seas, u(x)n a Re|X)rt
ol .1 Rupture between France and Spain. I was very well
pLalid with this Information \ but by no means fatistied
with the Manner in which it had Inren obtained, bccaufc my
Liiutcnant hid difolieycd my Orders, and hatl been on
hoard du' Str inj^er. It appeared, liowevcr, afterwards, that
tlut M. la 'Jonquure was a Man of ftrict 1 lonour. The
next Payi l*"^ '»^'" '"'•■ *" Affurance of his good Intentions,
with an Invitation to dine with him ; which I accepted, and
was cxtremily well enteruined. About this time I tirft
hrard, that HaiUy had plundered the Portuguese Captain of
100 Moidoris, and had diilributed I'art of them among ins
Boat's Crew, in order to engage tiicm to Secrecy. I cxu-
miniil into this as rtriclly as polHble, with Intent, if he had
licin louiul {luilty, to have delivered him up to the Cap-
tain of the Portugnefe Ifland i but, not being able to 00-
tain l'u( h Proof as was neccfliiry, all I could do was to pro-
tf ll ogainll him ; which Protcft I gave to Captain Clippcrton
in the South Seas. The fame Man committed fo many
vilc Attions in the Idand, tlat our I'eople were in the
iitmolf U ingtr of their Lives, from the Refentmcnt of the
Poriuguifi ; which ill Conduct of his I was neither able to
prevent or punilh, bccaulc he was now become the grcatell
favourite with my mutinous Crew. On July 6. the French
Captain, with fcverai of his Officers and Paflengers, came
on b.«rd to lime with me. While they were in the Ship,
my Boaifw-iin, whole Name was Iludfon, railed a Mutiny \
which, with the .'MTiftaiicc of the French Gentlemen, was
eafily quilled : And M. la JonquUre, when things were
(juiet, nude a very liandfomc Dif.ourfe to them on the
M.uliicis of their Behaviour ; which had fo gooil an Efied,
that, the iirxt Day, they appeared very fubmilTive, and laid
all the Blatnr upon the Boatfwain i who cxcufed himfelf, by
alleging, that lie was mad with Diink, befeeching me at
the fair.r time, tlut he might have I .eave to go home in the
French Ship •, which I readily gave him, knowing him, by
r,X[Tcrifnce, 10 be a very dangerous Fellow, and one who
t^is continually inccnfing the People againft their Officers,
ot whom, he pretended, there were too manyi and was
went, upon all Occafions, to llylc tliem the Blootlfuckcrs.
On thi I ^th, we faw a large Ship lying in to the Harbour's
Mouili 1 who, as fix)n as they diltovered us, tinned out
ag.iiii: Which tilled M. la Jonquiere with fuch Apprehen-
fiims of Ikt being our Contort, that he refolved to be gone
imn.eJiatcly •, and accordingly, when Night came on, he
i weighed, and fell down the llarlxjur, and went to Sea the
jnext Morning, and, at his Departure, faluted me with five
iGuns. 'J'hrei' Frciubmen belonging to me went away with
I him •, but I had two Frenchmen^ and one Morphav an Irtjh-
\man, in lieu of them. On the Wliole, I mull do M. la
Yjcnq-.iiere the Juftiee to fay, that lie behaved towards me, in
Jevrry nlpn't, a, bciaine a Gentleman, a good Officer, and
Man ot 1 lonour. On the 2.-,th, the Lygc Ship appeared
■E^ain uiidir irrnb Colours. She w.is called die IVifc Solo-
ncncf i^'t. Mill), of tbity Guns, and about 160 Men,
Icoir.mamU'd hy M. Duniain GirarJ, and bound to the
toalls o! Ch;!i and /'<r« to trade, and the fame Ship \\c
|aw conuiit; in heiorr, and h,tt.l Ijxjken with the Rul/y at Sea.
Hhi, (untknian abided .M. la Jonquiere to .me in the moll
|c'.:rri!oi,> Manner, calling; him Reneg.ulo, tor having ferved
■I u foreign Crown aLrainfl his own Countrymen 1 tor
Kui;.; one of Mart;r.::\ Squadron, their iiufmels in the
ii.uith 5f;a<; wMs, to Iwti-p thofc Coalls clear of the French
Pf-rlopcrs : Wlueh tliey did very ctTcdually •, for there
ere not above two or three, out of twelve or thirteen,
Bt eleapvd taUinj; ioto Martinet's Hands, wiio m.ide them
111 legal I'n/.es. He likewife gave M. Frezur a very b.id
lianieter; .iid alVerted, that tin re were many giofs Mil-
kes in his Biwk ; whieli, however, I did not ablbhitely
ie've, Ixciufc 1 was a little fut'picious of liis having a tini-
er Hcfigii ot depriving mc oi the Lights this Book alVonis :
'"^ " M n . 1 4 .

And imlced I foutid him, in every rcfpcft, a verr fubtic
mercenary Man, full of Conceit and Vanity. I matJe, how-
ever, what Ufes of him I could, by purchafing Cheefe,
Butter, Nails, and other Neceflartes i which made me con-
ceive mylelf in a pretty good Capacity for iinilhing the
Voyage, which was now upon my Hands. This Succcfs
abroad did not hinder our having great Storms at home -,
for my Crew, being informed, that the People on board
the Duke anil Ducbefs had been but indifferently ufed with
rcfpcft to their Pri/e-money when they came home, refolved
to fecurc themfelvcs in timci and, by the Advice of one
Alatthew Stewart, who was chief Mate, drew up a Paper
of Articles relating to Plunder, and lent me a Letter, figncd
by them, in which they infilled on its being made the Kulc
of our Voyage. I took fomc time to confider of tliis, which
did not pleat'e them ; and therefore they drew up a Letter
of Attorney to this Matthew Stewart, and fent him to fo-
licit an Anfwer, or rather my Content, to their Demands •,
whi h, finding my Officers equally cold in advifing or adl-
ing with me, I laboured to decline. But, after lome few
Days rv'armuring and Uneafinefs amongfl themfelvcs, and
no Work going on, the Ship's Company came all on the
Ciyartcr-deck to mc in a mutinous Manner, dcliring to
know my linal Rcfolution, faying, that I knew theirs,
which was that they would tland by ; telling me, that they
knew how to provide tor themfelvcs, without running fuch
certain Ha/.ards for uncertain Gain •, and clamoured, in a
mod outrageous Manner, againft Mr. Godfrey, who was
our principl Agent, and againft one of the chief of the
Gentlemen Owners, laying. They hail been well informed
what a Pay-mafter he woulel make, if their Fortunes fhould
fall into his Hands, with a thoufand fcurrilous ExprefTions -,
which aftonilhcd mc. In Ihort, finding them deaf to any
thing I could urge againll them, and fo perverlely obllinate
in requiring me to comply with them, by dgning their
Articles ; and conlidering the Profpetft I had of meeting
Captain Clippcrton in the South Seas, when tl\ey muft be;
again reJiitcJ, an.l ni.ule fiibieft, to their lirft Aitiele?, or,
at leart, under the tiiuie Rillriction with thole under his
Commanel •, and vcniy believing, that the Confccjuencc of
my RcfulJ, in this Particular, would be no lefs than their
running away with my Ship, and following the old Gunner's
Scheme (It muft certainly have been fomething like \ for 1
could not think of any other way they could have of pro-
viding for themfelvcs, as they called it) ; ihcrctbre, upon
thefe Confiderations, both myfeif, and a'l my chiet O.'ficers,
thought it more advileable, for the general Good, to fign,
rather than to futfer them to proceed in fuch piratical Man-
ner. As loon as they had gained tiieir Point, they exprclTed
a great Satisfadlion ; and proiniled me, that t.hey would
always lu- ready to hazard their Lives on any L^ndertaking,
that 1 fhould think conducive to attain the Ends we were
fitted out for. However, upon the Whole, tho' it may
be called a defpcrate Remedy, when one was not certain
what might be the Conlequence of it, it ought to be looked
on as applied to a dei"p> rate Difcofe, and as the only Means
left to prevail on them to go on quietly in our Expedition -,
for the moll favourable Cunjedure that could be made, in
cafe of my not condclceneling to their Requeft, was, that
they would have certainly deferred, and have lett inc and a
few others here, to have eneled lb promiling an Undertake-
ing in this I'ort But to go on with our Voyage : Augufl 7,.
there came in the St. Francifco Xavier, a Pcrtugtieje Man
of War, of torty Guns, anil 300 Men, from Lij'hon, bound
to ALiuw ill China, commanded by Captain Riviere, a
Frenchman. 1 made no eioubt, but that Captain Hatlcy's
Aftair would be rejxirted to this Gentleman by fome of the
Inhabitants ; and thcrcl'ore told him, that 1 expected he
would go and vindicate himlclt' to the Portuguejc Captain,
to prevent any Dillurbances that might arilc by the Account
of his Mitmaiitigi.nient on board the Portuguefe, wn;ch we
met at Sea i to which he readily replied, that he would.
I'hereforc, to give him an Opportunity of doing it, 1 lent a
Compliment by him to M. Ktvicre, to whom he acquitted
himlMt' fo well, as to give iltat tjentlcman Satislaclion. On
the Otii, three of my Men .iellrted ; and, luviug Intelh-
gence, tluit they hail been lien ac our Tents, I fer.t one of
iiiy Mates h the I'mntiee .-.tter tnem, with Orders to go no
farther thtui titc 1 er.t-, but to r-aurn witiiou: Lofs of Timcj
2 I- for

« ran

t .1

t i.

^i 1 •;::

■it*

4 *-> IS

202

for I wai hfaving up my Anchor, with V:d[i» to fall l*r-
low the Road tlut Ni^ht. ih..t I ini(j;ht W ii» Kradimis the
next Morning: Hut, tiinnnK thcin at the I'larc t'lry were
fentto, they tlwught fit to go up to the /V/tf/w/' J'l.mta
tiom, whirh wrrr two Uaguf^ tat tlier. It l>cinR Mulfii({ht,
the Inhal)itanf% were apprchrnlivi- it wai f/.iltfv, who wm
conic to take hi* \ rm ol thrm in the Manner lie had
thrratcncd. llowevtr. they rutVcrnl th.ni fo go up to
their Dwrllingi, to fearch tor thoft- tlicy wantc.l i hut my
Men, fimiing a Hiffrrrnt Krrrption trom wliat t'lcy iiird to
mert with, liifpe<'t«l lomc Maliic .if;ainll the tn, ami thrre-
Jorc mail'.- their Way to thf Boat. In the mean time, (omr
ot the Po'tugifff had pl«ce<t tlirmltlves in Xmlniliade, to
dellroy them aMhey rrturned to the Water fide. No (boner
had they got into the Boat, than thiy hiai<l them rtilhing
from the Wood*, rryinj'. Kill lh<' /)»|< ' *'// ali lb* l-'.nphrti
D»gi' This Outrry was followed l>y a Volky otSm.^ii-
arms i which wounded tlircr, two through their 1 higtu,
oiul another thmiiiih the Arm. After this, they dif. l-.arged
leveral times; hut did no Jurther Damage. I'lie Wounded
(urtainetl a great l.o('i of Blmxl, I eing lo long Ix-iorc thry
potalioard ; for lliey were .ilvive three I .ea};uei clilf -.nt from
the Ship. I his AcTuient ohiigetl mi- to wei(;h .ig.un the
next Morning, am! r.turn into the Hoad, to try to[iinifli
thofe, who h.Kl Ixen roncerneii in this Barbarity. With
this View, I fent a 1 -etter by Hatley to the Captain of the
PerlitgHff' Man of War ; but, at his l-ntrani t into the
Ship, he wxs furioudy aHaulted by Kmamifl M.>nf,i, the
Captain of the- Illand, trying out, Thatthijwns the Rogue,
who had comnutted fo many Intolrnces tow ink t!irm ; who
liad burnt one of their I loufes, and had matle ir a common
I'raftire to reproach him with the Name nfy^erne, i.e.
Cuckold. I'pn his Kxclamarions, the Sf.ip's Comiany
(id«l with MiHfdfir \ mol>brd Ilatltr, and would have cer-
tainly ufcd both F; , and his Boat's trrw, vtrv Icurvily,
had not theCaptai muI his Officers, with much Difficulty,

trevcnt' 1 it •, for rtuy were ixafpcrared to that outni^couj
Icight, that it is more than likely they would have mur-
dered him, hail they not been hindered. The Pr.rtu^ntft
Captain wrote me a I .etter, to cxcufc what had hap[xnc(J,
and to ill 'ire, that I would come alujard -, whirh I ilid, anil
was very k'ndly enteruined, re-' eiving eleven (juns at p.arf-
int;. The next Morning, M. la Hivierr came abomi, with
his chief Offifrs, t i breakfaft with me, and fell .i Tide's
Work down th'- \Im r wirii us. At hi"; )"iing away, I could
give him bur thret ( nms, having only tour mounted, the
reft Iv ing ftnu k dov.'n into the Hokl, to eafe the Ship, and
make her ftilT when wi ■ ame to .Sea. Wr were r;ow re.idy
to depart, anil I h.td m.id.e the Ship ivrfcitly tit to go thro*
the f nipeftuous Navigition we were to exjx-i'l in tailing to
the Southward. 1 had 'i.uleotir Stem as lirm as pollible,
covering it intirely with t.iick I'Jank , ami had only i.tt two
fmall Skutrl's to give Light into the great Cabin, and ha;l
hiriufhed ourfelves with Flink to build an Awning j but
cholc rather to fct it up at Sea, than make a longer Stay
here.

It is jimper to take notice, that Captain litta^b, in
his Aeioiiit, gives a viry different Turn to every one of
thefe Fa^s ; for he aiTcrf., that Captain /.; Jonquitrf cmild
not fpeak one Word of £»»'.',/?• ; and that they had not five
People in the Ship who couid f,«ak h'rtncb : So thar, had
he really haruiguel the Company of the Spfed'.v(.', h.isF.io-
tjuence had hem all thrown aw.iy. He alTerts, that ail the
Bufinefs of Mat!/ru> Steviart tlic Mate was the Captain's
own Contrivance. 1 le ( h.irges him likewifc witli breaking
or reducing many <.f the Officers ; denied, that he purthafed
a third Part of tiie Provifions he mentions \ and podnvely
•fSrms, that it wis f .ieut.-nant Rariiiil, and mt Hal'.rt
who Iniriit the Houfe on Si. Qiibarinr'j, an I thereby rxa-
fjierated the Portu^utje to fucli a Dej'rtr, t; at they wouM
have been gl.ad of any OjijKirtunity to have { it off his IVo-
ple as they went afhore. Hut the worft of all is the Story
he rclls us of the Money, whith purchiied thofe Pnivifions
at St. C/ith/trtnf'f, which, as it reffs intirely on t'nv Credit
of Mr. Pff^gh, I Ihull give it you in hi'; own Word , tho'
I do IK)! m-an to [tcrj.!. x my Header with miny lluh .-inec
dotes: A ('reoUnn Spaniard, Lays h-, belong mg to one of
Captain Jonquitre'* I .icutcnants, .having nibbed Ins Mafter of
100 Qtindnij)!e«, each of which is luur Pillolr, ahd up.ded

The V O Y A G E S of

Book f.

into the Woods, deCigning M take hi* I'altage w ifh us roii,„|
C aiH* Ihrni to hit own Country again. I. a 7 t:ium ,; 4„,j
his l,ieutenant, apiilied to Shthocke, di firing, flur, m liI,-
he iliould U- fiiunil. and the Momy upon him, he ^,,f.i\
tixure him, and take ir fnun him. Riving .V/iWiw*^ 1),^,,"
lions how to remit the Money to Fiancf, on Ins Arrivjl .,
F.Hropt: All which he faithfully promifed fo [irrturm.
loon at the Rtiby laiUd, the Killow ap|)eared to (nir M,,, j.
the Watering place, with one Moiety of the Mi.m y n, |,,.
Pocket, deligiiing, I lupiHjfc, to pay f<ir his Pajfigc » iij
It i but Sbthaitf, not contmt, onlrred Inin to be UijxA tij
the (ieen, where he w;w whipped and pu klid •, w|| r|| ^^
repeated every McnJ/ir for a Month. Bur the 1 1 Ikm, * >,
hatl run the Kifquc of hanging for it, and kmw tin; \.,iu.
of Money .is well a? the Captain, ftocd the I j|h, with,;!/
confefUng he had any more : So he rcitwinrd on li<,iri', ij
had his Pairage. i Ic attrifiufes the Civilities of M. ,', / ,.
qnirrf to his having a great Sum of Money for the Ku i
f'oanl a Ship, which wis crouded likcwile vsuli twr .,
I'riefts ; and, wit of 400 Seamen, he had not lixty t ,1
were able to walk the Ptxk : Wiiuh was owing i„ ,
cloiibling Cajie //er«r in tlic Winter, and U „ ^ iu:nii!i j
with but indifferent I'mvifion, becaufi: the Sj>amarj! 1<,,^,
not either how to cure, or to pack it.

5. On .■lii^'u/l (». we took our Departure fnim the N'.,!,.
ermoft Point of Si. Qtibariae's in the I Jtituile nf ;
South, 50* Ixingitude Weft from the IJzarJ. I'lon, 1, , .
to the i<)th, we li.ul fhowfry foul Weather. I kri; ; ;
I ,(ad conftantly going on the (daft of Piitiigrm.t, aiiJ .;
with ieg\ilar .Soundings-, and, fnim the I-ititudc ol 4 ,
that of 50* ^o South, we frequently faw Sluals nf S . ,
and IVnguirs, and w< re ( onUantly attended with I'mtait
binls, about the Hignels of a Pigeon. The I'rfmh i illihrr.
Dumirrs, Ivtaule th<ir Ftarhers, Ixinfj lilack .ud wlnt^,!-
difpoted in liich a Manner, as to make their Ha, k 1 1
Wings appe.ir ( hequered, like a Draiight-ly)anl. 1;,.;
wen- accompariul with Alliitmlfes, the largitl fort ol Sfj.
fowls, fome of them extending their Wings twelve orihi.'-
teen I eet : And, wliilH we had the River of P!att>m,
the Sea theniUwiits was covered with pnxligioiis (lia;.
ties of large .Sea-weed, which often inromimxled v\ itbcrg
imivfTible to avoid running Ibmetin.es amongft it ; \ih: a
gav( i.s miuli TnniMe to clear ourltlvcs of it, aiui jtt.<
lame time deailencd our W ay : But, as we went Soutlma;.:,
we Wire fired from this InconVc niency •, after whidi, »
had, on tlie Surface of the Water, aliundance of Times,
like white Snakes, We tcx)k fome of them up -, hut, J
not p rcrive there was any Life m tliem, nor were tlu\ tuiin-
ed into the Shajx- of any kind of Animal, being only a 'ir^
Cylinder of a whiti fon of Jelly, and may proliahlv I ;..
Spawn of fiime of the large kiml of Fifh. As we .ulv,i,i*i
to the .Southward, I ol)ferv.-d, that iiioft of my lVi;!'i
Stomachs imrealed; which was to be attnliital io :.v
Shaqmefsof the CnKl, .ind was aCircumftam e that hailK ■
obferved before. This fxcafiontd Difputes in all i;:i:: r\
of the Ship, and even at my own Table, whirc tj;ua
Beiagh of the Marines infilled on an AugmenMtitm > 1 Ft*
vilions in liich coarfe 'lVrm% and with fuch t ni.niOarco
of FHfrrljyifl, th.it I thought it neccfliiry to coiifin h:A
till lie wrote me a Uibmifllve Letter ; ami tiien I r :orf:
him But, however, this S<iuabble occafioned iiiy';:j
• ibliged to grant the I'eople .m rxtr.iordinary Miui '.vi
Day, either of Flour orCal.ivaiicesi which at oncerr.iuti
our Stocks of Provilions Wood, ami WatM, whicX iil
then forefaw, proved afterwards a great luconvinirt,.
Knr to return to our Voy.i-.-e, and fui h Occurrences ji *'-
remarkable therein: I ihn k, tho' it has net hiihrrt i ;'•.■
noted, It is : Matter nit .iltogi th 1 unworthy ofoi.r J;-
ferv.«ion ami Reflei'tion, that the W hales, i;rain]nili\ d
oth r FifTi of a monllnuis Bulk, arc in fuch Niimlic ;
the Coaft of Palagoma, th.it they were really t;fit:il;i:
us very olte/i ; for they woukl (ohm- lo c lole to us, as iliv!*:
to rtifle us wiih their S'tcnh when they blew •, .hkI «i ,;; '
to near to us, that I luvi- tin u;',ht it impolT.blc d 'W
I'nkiiig 111)011 th'-m on every Stuil of a Sea. I am x^'^
[\-x to the <'i>cr/;.'..'>;il ilheiy 1 therefore cirnot lay,«i!t!X
.1 Trade might not b- carried on here. I may vir.:'..r:5
affiriii, that it is a filler Navigation ; and I .1111 apt iu»
l.'':ve, that there is a greater Certainty of^llituciliii}', '''
2 .''V;.' '••■^

red WltiwiJt It. 'Jlu

Chap- !• Qipiain G k o r c e S ii f. l v o (^ k e.

203

Sipt,m»tr 191I1 i>^it MiJniglu, I jKriiivcilfhr Wwcr to
hi iliUoloumI all Jt oiuej wlurnnxm we liiunvltil, jiul
f()iiiiJtwnit>''« I aiiii'in: Which iloiir, I ft»o<l ort'tuScji
iHitcliilmif i.li(l>(iiuii VN .lUrin the lunmiij^ til five I.caguf.
At lix tlic i.txt MonniiK, wc liail thirty Idthoiii \ but hud
no Sight ot l~inil, tui Ioiik wck oI (Jyinion, thdt thiy
liail i wliiili 1 ihil imt jI<|k-ikI u|)im. 'I hn Ban mull lie
very near the l- niiaiirc oJ the Str< iyhti ol Mtgi., iH. On
this Hank lh(»k-, wc faw great Nunikriot'Bliihlxu, appear-
ing like tlic Tops ot UnihrclUi.iuriotilly ftirak^vl with all
(ortj t)t tVlours V which Wire a Sjiaii* iiuircly ililVcrcnt
fnini wlut I luJ ever Ircn brtmv. From Ikmcc I lhaj)cil
my Courlt U>\ th<- Siniglits ot .V Muirt \ ami, as wv uji-
iiroailiolthiCoadsol 'Itrradtl I-ittji^, m. t with very tiim<y
Weather. On the 2jil, iIk Idj; (.Laiiny up, wi law tome
MountaiiiJ ol IhijieiulouH Utiulu dm Una litl Jutga,
imirilyiovtral with .Simw. The lu'.inll I'oiiuut l^ikl to
us WIS at Icall eight lA.igui-8 uiftaiit, kariim Snuthwdl \
but, l)ctore we louH make any luiihcr Dikoviry, the
Mill rtturneil: I'hcritotr I UikrI oil' fur loiuf time, anil
then brought to. At tour tlw next Moniliin, I math ,ui
caly SultothcSoiitli-i-allwanl, ami, »i Day li^hi, it provrnl
very cleWi wlun I tiiiml I hi 1 tallin in with thr l.aml
about five Lta>5iits to the North-wt llw«ril ot tlie Str< ighti
oi It Miiirt. Wc hatl now n lull, but niclantholy l'rol|K\'l
of the moil ilclolarc C ountry (to all .\p|Karam() that tan
be comeivtil, Ifeming to be no oilii-'r than continucil Lhaiiu
of Mountains (nie behinil anoihi-r, |><rjiet»Mlly Iml by the
Snow Hctorc wc came on t\\c C oall ot 'iWra litl J Ufgt,
wc liatlnot been lenliblc ot any Help or Himlraiico by any
Currents, trom tlii' Time that wc ha^l got to tlu- Soutliwanl
of tti( Rivir o\ Plm\ but, this Altiriioon, we wire hiirrial
with inrrevliblc Rapulity int'> tholi- Stnighfs \ uiul, jull as
wi- had gninod I'onn what more tli«n MKl-jMlhigr, the I'ido
(laiked. We tlun I'uumleil, aiul luil but twenty -Uvrn
[FJthoni, a locky Bottom. .At the lame time, I tth>k an
Opportunity to make what Oblrrvation 1 couKI of the I'laer,
We had a ikar View ot SiatetibHU, whkh yields a moll
I untomloriable Landlchape <;l a rurpril'iiig I Uight, coveird
[with Snow to the very Walh ot tiie Sea, and li>ai» more of
[the Liktntlii of an huge white C'loiivi, ciian ol lirm Land,
;Thelc Streights fef.' to aiilwcr very well to Mr. l'r<-7iir's
Map et them, lK..ig aU)ut leven Ix-agucs through, lix
|I-eagucs wide, and lie almoll North .uid.Soui'n but th'
{Northern Tide nilhixl uj-ijiuis witliaN inlfiiie rtjual tot' at
(which had bniugiit us in. It prevented my nvikmg any tur-
|thcr Kemarkj, and afforded Matter of Allunillinient to us
II, to fee how fall wc wen driven out again, noiwithllaiid-
ng wc ha.l a frelli fair (jaic at North weft, and win n, .u
he fame time, wc went lix Knots by the L.og \ by which I
taniiot juilgc tins 1 ii!e to run lels than t-ii Knots in an
Tlour. In Ihort, we wire i)iiite rarticd out 111 about an
Hour's time. Upon the nutting of the Tidi t>( Windward,
here aroi'e liich a fliort Sea, whk;h, at the f.ime time, was
lotty, that we alternately dipix- 1 our Bowlprit and our
Poop-lanterns into the \V.»ter. C»'ir .Ship laboured in the
noli vioki.t Manner, and ditl not anfwu the liuid.iiKi of
jicr Helm-, but, at Midnight, the I'ide lliifted, 4{w\ we
put through the .Streiglits, lleeiing Soutii, with 4 brilk (iulc
it North-weft, witi'.out teeing the I.aiu! diHinClly j and, in
he Morning, had a very f;tK>d Oiling to the Souihwaiil,
Ufrwe had gi>r well tn .Sea, we unlbnki-d our .'\iulu>r'!,
nd I'roiight tliem alt, and ^ntinoui Spiitlad yaid, to e.ili-
url>(iw5, andm.iki every tniiif, as liiug as puiiible, \S e
' Iniiiid it very coUl Ix'lore wc i ame this Length \ but
D\v K;;.in to tiel the I'xtiemity ot it. 'I'hebkak Wellctly
"un!s ot tlKinlilves would have Ixcii rulliiiently picrving",
ut thiy Were alw.iys atrendtd either \Mth Snow or SIcit,
^hiih, continu.illy Ix.iting on our Sudv wul Rigging, hail
tI.eMalU, and (Very K.ipe, with lu-, ami liavl, 111 u
ar.iicr, m.ide i ur Siiiis ahnoll ukl.ls to us. So mui li were
:aau!Ui;n,d ro the iiioU hveie Siorms, that wc ulWl to
tnk it toki.ib!e W eatli r. if we could Uai a reefed Main-
U)i it was cumtnon »■. ith us to be two or three Days
ether Uing-to ur,<l'r iwre I'lih";, and (xpoUd to the
er.s ol prodigio'.is Seas 1 m' h largr tlun any I ever
Now we U'gan to be tlii.#u{jhly rmlible ol the lle-
Hit o! our Awning; and indeed we eould h.ive I'carce
(fed Without It. The V.'inii reignini^ thus tempilluoully.

Without IntermilTion, in the Wcflcrn H. ard, wc w.rcdnven
to the Latitude of 61 ' jo' Si.uth. Add to this, our Mil-
fortune of having tonniual mifty Weatlicr, which laid 111
viiidcr hourly Apprehcii, 0111 uf lunning toul ot Illands of
Ice I bur, thanL God, we el(.aped that Danger, though wc
had many Alarms by Fog banks, and otli r I'alfc Appear-
ances. Notwithftaiiding wc had the Days very lung, yet
it was very leldonj tlut we could get a Sight of the Sun t
fo that wc had but one Obfcrvation of the Variation in ail
this I'afTage, which was in the Latitude of 60" 37 South,
/;' to the Weft ward ol the Strcights ot U Maire, wha\ .71;
louiid it ii" 6 North-eaft. On OHi/i/r i. at feven in the
r.vening, as they were lurling the Mainfail, one IVilliam
CitmtH Ltxd out. That his Hands and fingers were fo bc-
numlxe, that li«- could not hold hiinfelf-, but, before thofc
that Were next him could come to his AlFiftancc, he tell
down, and was drowned. Thr Cold is certainly iiujch
moil iiifupportable in thcfe, than in the fame Latitudes to
tiie Northward \ for, altho' wc were pretty much advanced
in the Summer fafon, and had the Days very long, yet we
had continual Squalls of Sleet, Snow, and Rain -, and the
1 leavens were pi r|x.tually hidden from m by gloomyLloiids.
In Ihort, one .vould think it impoftible, that any living Crea-
ture could li blift in fo rigid a ClimaU -, and indeed we all
obli-rvcd, that we h.id not had the Sight of one Fifti of any
kinil, fince wc were come to the Soutliward of 'he Strcights
of/f Miiirt, nor one S a-bird, except a difconfol.ite black
Albitrofi, which accomuani'. d us for fcveral Day., hover-
ing about us, as it it had lolt itfelf i till Mr. Uatley, obferv-
ing, in OIK- of his melancholy I-ics, that this Bird was always
hovering near us, imagined, from its Colour, that it might
be an ill Omen ; and lb, alter fume fruithls Attempts, at
length rtiot the Albitrols, not doubting that \ ■ Ihould have
a fair ^N'iiid after it. On the id about eighr at Nii^lit,
our Foretop-malt was carried away •, and we riggtd an-
other the next Morning. We kept creeping very flowly to
the Northward, having, from tlut tinv.' we paffed the
Strcights of le Mairf, met with contrary Wind , and the
moll umomtortable Wc.itlur •, under which nothing coidd
have I'uppurted us, but the Mopes ot coming fpecdily into
a warmer and better Climate.

0. Wc ch' ared our Spirits as well as we could with
thcfe l*'.xpcdtations till the 14th of Novcmbtr at Noon,
when we full law the Coaft of Ct/'/i ; and hi re again we
found ourlclvcs under very gnat Diflieultics ; for our
tedious I'all'ige, and extraordinary Confumption of Pro-
vilions, li.id reduced, us to liich an extreme Neceftity cf
Watei and Wood, as well as dry Food, that every body
law the Necellity of our repairing to tome Place where, wc
might lupply ourlclvcs with all wc wanted 1 but, where
this IMaie w.is to be found, was the next Qiieftion, and
that none of the eaficft to rclblve. I thought tirft of Nar-
hrou^h's lllaiid ; but, when we came thither, we found
die Ro.ul H) unfafe, that I was forced to tail for the Mouth
ot the River .S7. Domingo, on the Continent ; at the En-
trance of whiiii, we found twenty-eight Fathom Water •,
but, as we advanced, we found it ftiole from eighteen to
lets than live Fathom, as faft as a Man could heave the
Lead : Being therefore unwilling to run too great a Ril'que
in a I'liice lb untrequented, and being only a tingle Ship, I
inllantly ftood out to Sea ag.iin, where, meeting with
windy, rainy, .lud thiik Weather, we were blown farther
to the Northw.ud than we dcligned. In this Diftrefs, a
{t:-K,bn!.:n 1 h.id on board, whole Name was Jofeph de la
l\!iitaini\ propof.'d going to the Ifland of Cfjtloe, which
lay a little to tlic Northward, and where he alVuied us wc
could not tail of meeting with whatever we wanted, there
Ixing, as he aP.erted, no Place in tlie South Seas capable
ol acc«minoJ,.uing us fo well in all rcfpeds. He told us
farther, of his own Knowledge, having been there, tliat
tlie Vov/nsuf ClacDu xidCaliliico, the liill on the Illand,
and the lev:ond on the Continent, were rich PLues v that
the former w.is the ul'ual RefidciKc of the Governor •, and
that, at the latter, there was a wealthy College of Jelliits -,
and that there were tonfuierable M.igazines, which were
always n.-li-ftockiLl with Provillons of all Kinds. At die
lame time that he aeijuainteil me v-.th this, he infinuated
the fame Account, with tome Ad^;;tioiis, into his Ship-
mates, who, with one Voice, concluded, that, it I pafted

the V O Y A (5 r. S of

%''-. ':

Its

204

by rhis Idam!. rtur I xix.lmon tninl.t proh*bly end without ttiwil. On the j.l ..I Ptimhr, abuii I. v m ,n thr y m,^^
tloiru any tlung . Iinoc it v*4a lik.ly. tlui Captain CM^ a Shimfh t)fP..r. 11. a H-ut tow.-.l I7 ..aht hd,t^,,,^
pf>u» hail all rally aUrinf J the LoA, thf natural Conic- on lx.ar>l tron. iIm- OovrrtK.r. to know what wc w.rr a.
qurtuc ol whkh mull bf, an Embargo iaul on all Ship I inirmltil to i...l» 1.1^)0 hmi l<* a f r«,y. t apt.iin, wh«„,
Irailiiiu to I,cr*ar.l. Vet it wa« not without mature wril rnoii^h known in iholr .Vai, .it Iraft hv Na^r, |
Dclibcrati.ui. that I lormea a Rrlbkition 0! Komg tr) CMit, orilctr,!, that mwe ftuniKI at.pcar ui^.n Deck hi,r i,„f, ,
fliul «.HiKt not I- n think niyfiit happy in havinK lo «'•<»< •« 'I'"'"' '«•'" Irntb or Sfamjb^ that ihii Olfiirr tn.,,, • .„
Frolix-ft, in ihn I'.xigcna', o( prrvrnrtiiR fuch l-.viN as or hrar nothing whiih mighl \f}y^.• him |ull (.r.m,v •,
minht, in all I,ikclihoo.l, have rnlunl The rhirl I hing lul'iK-rt ilw I ruth ol that Aemunt whi. h I th<ni|',l,i | , ,.
Chat rmouragal me to make an Atrrmpt at Cbtht, was to to giv( hiiti. 1 hi» I'raaution wa« iak( n as |„, „ „ „
get Cui-h an adihtional Supply of I'njvifions xs IhouW ;in l^panijh H<wt ap|)earwl in Sight : As it ilrcw near, IS.
Ci(i: thcCoufts were alreaJy alarnied) enable m to retire /t«i</> Li.hun , an<l, wlien theOlliur came mi l.^r ,
to Tome obfnrtr unlrrquenteil inami, there to remain till I toM him. that my Ship was thr St. H»ft, liomrw,,.!.'
the SfomarM IhoulJ imagine we hot! abamfonra then Seat j Kwrnl i th »r my Name was Jams It Breton ; ami tSat 4II C,.
ami thin to come ujx)i> ihein agai'i, where they hail not Bufineh I htwl u|<in this Coaft, was to intreat thrdovrrr^
the Icall Apprchcnllonsof biing molifteil I'y ii». On thf to l,),iie me what I'riivilions Ite loiiM with C onvmirn,,
;!nth, we entered the Chanel that itiviiKs the Maml of aH'onl. Ilie (Mhcer hianl me with great t iviluy, 4r,|
Clilct, anil the Continent ot Ciili, tnd HockI in for the fremeil to yid.l an imphut Crulit to all I (at.! , KjNia,,
Harbour, undir Frencb Coloun, with Inteit to fnrprife board all Nigtu, and went oH the next Morning, i„,|
am! atMik the Towns v{ Chttcao ami Calibueo -, but, when Apj>earance, rery well pleafed. On the ^th in rhrMur:
sse lamr into th.- Chant I, our I'llot freniril to Ix- as mui l> mg, two Boats Jay towanls us, lull of armed Mm , wh,^
a 5tMn|;<-r to it as mvfelf j and the Wind iKginniig to after taking a Virw ol in, went to a Imall Illaml m tv
Mow friili, and thick Wcatlirr roming on, I anchorid at Mouth ol the I iarbour i ujxm which, 1 onlrreij ^j; ^,
ten in the Morning m thirteen Fathom, between the hunt Men to put on their (tretiadiersCa^)*, and IprraJ n,:».
ol iMit.'ampe, and a fmall Iflaml cilh-d Pfdro Nunn. fni- fehres up»j«i flu Dri k, in onk r to ayyvu at iwi - i? lo tnrj
metliately alter wc had tome to the Windward, the 'IWe as |>oirihle. On the 6th, we law a white Flag (lying on
mai!e (,iit witli a proilij^ious Kapidity, whKh inllantly Shore i on whish I lent away my I junch, (omplci*
CJulrJ a great Scat and the Wind intrcafing, motle the manned ami armesi, to the Place where the Hak; wjj
Chanel all about w appear like one continual Breach. In but they lound none to treat with them, nor m^ i„™
th? mean tnic our Ship laid a great Strain on hf r Cable, there except a Ixtttr, winch was maile lall to rlie l-^.
svhitli paited at two in the Atternrjon. We couki havi- Hall, and a Do/tn ol Mams lying cloll- hy. IIh, {^^^
no I lopes ol rctovering our .Anchor, bccaulethe Buoy hail was Irom Don Suohts Salvt, (iovirnor ol th< liUr, :,.iig
born llaved and liink anlloui rr two before wc had been li'll intimated, thar he much douhteil, wheth<r t,ii .Vjp
thus foml'ly fet .utnlt. In Ihort, I did not think it lair, was the M. /iofe; next, he complained ol the Kc'uviowtf
or priKlent, to hazard the lofs of another An( hor, where thr I'eopie in the t'innacc v and, lallly, he defiro.! me a
there was nothing to Iw lo<jkcd for hut Mistortuncs i and ifuit tlie Coall. lo this Ixtter 1 returned an .AtUtn
iherclbre ilitci'tly crolled the Cham I tor thr ifland of Ctilce, the |>roperrll I'rri'.is I roulil devife. I.jrly the nrvt .Mom.
tn .1 hjilUrOus Gale, t!ii k r aii y Wrat'ur, all furrounded ing the white H.ip; w.is hoillcil again i and, ui, 1 :,™
with It-emmg Sliolis, ami in a manner loll in a Navigation alhore, I obtaiiud an Aniwer, couched in civil lun:.
Or known t« any of us : When we hail advanced within a deed ; hut, at the lame iime, refilling mc ablnlut:, n
_Milc ut Clu'ot, we ranged along Ihore to thi- .Southward, Kefrelhmints, which was what I wanteil •, ami in.d.ic
in hojjfs to I'iliovrr t!:e Town ol Ltamo: We pallal by that I Ihinildriflore the htltMS taken by my I'lnnjir, »,:k5,
two coinmoilious Bays, but lud nothing like a Town ap- in hact, I knew lels of the Pinnate than he ilnl, ,;, uj

Cring rear tiuni -, mu\ at length came al^out a Point of really ol Opinion, that he lud the People in h:s ILn^ti
id, which IS tol)c known by .m high Rock, like a Py- whom he pretemletl to complain. As I w.u mm in U
ramid, wluch almoll jotns to it. i laving roiindrd this fpairof ever teeing my People, whkh were ahum :i; ;.f
I'oinr, I found myl'clf intirrly out of the Tale, and com- Pinnace, unil king as much at a I^fs to know Ln^j
motiiouHy fhcltcied from all other Inconvrniencics j and whereabouts Ci>a<-tf9 was htuatcd, as I was tlu tlriUlivl
the rctore anchored over againll aCrols which was fixed on rainc here, Uiaule we had no Draught of this M.rJa
th; Nutthrrn Sid. of the Harbour, and had |iill Day-light I lotild depend on, I iletcrmmed to altir tlu- .Styl .: 31
tnuuf^h to dircift us to a Rctreit Irom the Dangers wc J-cttits, iind try what could be done by breakup ra
might have been exjiofal to am )i>gtt fuch N'ariety of vio- him, Ixing d< 'ermincd, by Ionic means or othtr, 1 . nic
lent Tides untrc(|iientrd Chaneh, and loul Weather. In Amends for my I.i.fs ol I imc in coming hither, hv toi
i-rder to rxecutc my p-figa eirectiially, I fcnt the next Retmit ol Provifions as could k- got, tliougli even :J«
M'TTiing my forjiid finittnant in my Pinnace, well moll h.i/ardous Manner, lince it wits iinix.lIiMi 1 lui:
minncil and aimeJ, to liKjk for thefc two Towns ; .nul, at priMced without it. In purfuame of thi. Keii):ii::.r,!
ih. lame time. Captain /Lithy \\a,i in the I junt h, to find wrote him .t very brifl< J .etier •, in which I told him, Ik
out. if he couid, a Wateiing-placc , rr was it long Ixforc Provifrons I vias determined to have-, by lair Means 1
he ntuinctl with an hJian, ssrho h^ unhewn hmi as con- could; but by otiier Means, il they could not I r );j.; t.v
vcnicnt a Plare as he could iiciire, where he mighr at Way 1 ailding, in order to llrikc a Terrui, lii.i; ; :.\i
once g''t Iwtii WockI and Wau-r without any great brought down all the Forces of the Country i.fon a
Trouble, cv:n under the Command of our C.innim, and Coalt, it Ihould ntt deter me from th-' Pioldiitcn >,. 1^
out ol all Da;ig<T of k-ing lun-iiftd i uix>n which I lent D- Cigti ■, and this Letter was conveyed 111 the lana- n.'.tt
lome 1 l.-.niU into the I juiicii with Casks immediately to be with the former. But, by this time, kginning tu ^'M
hlled, and People to cut Wood, well armed, with an whether m i< h was to k got by a Negoti.4ti(m w.iliHi
Officer of Mariius, and ten Men, to Ix- on thr (,u.ird. dovcinor, I the next Day dilpatcliid nly (irlH.ici.ii.iiH
7he/)-.y.-j«gave I!-. HopcsolaHiir.eient Supply, butc.ime Mr. Brock j, in the 1 ..umth, with niiK and tvi;!';yMfl,|
HI th;; !■ vtning to my People who were alhore, to acquaint completely armed, .md ordered hiiii tu bring oii \''xii\
them, t.'i.ir the Country w.is forbidden to bnnti any thintr the Provifions hetould meet with. In a Ihut 11 i»l

t^ook 1. H Chap. ]

•i, t.'i.ir the Country w.is forbidden to bring any thing
to us. 1 :,r I'mnue not k-ing yet returned, this I'rdijrm-
ation made nic apprehend, tlut t!ie F.netny had taken her,
Mw\ iud by thai nie.nns learnt what V'f were, 'This gave
mc incxpiellibie C(.'iccrn, inafir.ucli a- 1 knew not which
si-ay to act ; for, being in an .-iblidute State of L'ni'rtamty,
I sv.is more at a I.ofc, and more- cu.-d'.uml,.!, than :f I had
been furc that the Pinii.ice had k-en in the Fnenii s Hands,
for then tlicre had ken but one Way left for iiie to take 1
whitii was to have prtKi-tdtd by Foice, and to have been
cor.ttnttd ssith wh.it, ly this mans, wc couirt have ob-

h lIL

he was gene, there came a Koar, with a Mil'.iii'.. ^^l
the Governor, lignifyii'g, that, il I would I< 1..I r ' ''^
to Cbacao, he would treat with me. Hut, I j;.v.-
Anlwer, 'That I w<;uld treat no- where excrpt ■ ' 1
own Ship ; and larthcr gave him to uiidtriiaiu'.
now too late, liiicc I had alrc.idy dir]\.trhed U;..:.>-l
»o take all tluy could find. In the Fl veiling 11.- l-i*|
returned, and brought with Ivcr a large i'iragia ■■'■ ^1
takei', and were both liden ss-ith .Sheep, Hcgv !
Barley, and ^rtcti Peak ar.J Btaiii -, and, Uj^m ji

Chap I. Ctiptain (Georgr SheLvockes

I'lnniCi- jrrivcil, witli jII tlifirCrrw \ Init wrrr To tirtitiol,
(luf I '>•>»' "" * '"!'*■' "' ''"'" '"'"B ^'^ '"• S«'''vi« c in 4 liftl--
lime. I '•' OiFk rr told mr, that he had »ouuht \w Way
(liroii'-d li'virall .nuK-n oi aruwil IhJmhs, atuJ eli.it it wai
with ^f 'f '••'♦t.iilty he (fit flcJr ot them v whiih h<-
Jill hy MLikinK I'l-i I'jII.i^^c rcHiml the llbntl, whi. h was
fivfiity l.cii'.iK'' ' '"' ""''""K '"" •"' I'ufcl' *•* I "I"

louM li'ivt I'fA'l '''*^'" '"' '^'^" '' ''"■/ ''••'^ '"'' '"' ''
Niiiiilxt* tof-KkOimttT Hi ihey rc|M)rtal i Iwt, djictully,

when tlirrc w« biitocu: B(Mt ot viiurmwl Miani, with .1
i'»j«HiSrri5ciTit,wlioc4nii'i)lVti>thrtnwithf)ii<thflr,»llNhrw
ci Vii/liaiT, «< the- (iovctnor m«nli<)ii% in hin liill l,itt»r,
anJis |i/mc of thcinli-lvr* .ittcrwanli umfiirol \ hut, with
tl!t» .'VMii on» 1''" ''"^'■'^ *''"•■ B'"' NiimlK-n ot l'co|ilc on
ll'.rc, wlinni tliry wcr apprrlicnlive would tollow tluin.
llicOtKi-ir h.ul no Kxnifc, nor toiikl he aliiRc any Ikiut
Kaion lor nor returning on hoanl .11 loon m lie had (/.ot A
.SiiihtuJ t!«: 'l'"wn, bui that the luU- hiirrii-d hint aw.iy •,
ami tlut in ihi- 1- right he had torgot, that he hailadrainilmp;
]M the Moat, to lonie-io whh, tdl thr luli had nntttd. Hy
tliw llraanc MilinanaKcmcnt <it theiri, I niiUcil .1 la-
voiirablc bi'i'ortunity, which otherwile I Ihcnild iiavc
liiicil, I'f nilucmn the 'I'own ot Cl'intio. I lad I apin-and
hclort- it in t'ortytinht Hours atttr my Arrival, wlun the
(iDvrrnor was totally unprovuieil, wlurrai now Ik- hail
been lor a whole Week .oRi'ther mullcrinj); ihi- wimlc
Korce 01 tlic lllaml, and had hroii^ht toj^irliLT las the
IkJuhs, wiio were on hoard my I'lnnaie, toKi me,
that thiTi^ were) near a tliouland arnvd Sp,mi,:rili on
tiv. Iilaiut , and my l-'renikman wa^ ol the (imc Opi-
nion •, but lioth agacd, tliat, it I wuiiKl let tin in alone
iii tlicirLity, I iiiiRlit do what I j)Ualed in flic t uiir.try,
whrri; the poor InJuins mull hear the \Vei{?lit ol all Ha-
nhwes t »\Mn this, I laid alide all Thouyl.ts of ;',nin(j;
to thtir I owns, under llope^ ot tiirniiliing myfeit witii
wlu'. we wanted trom the Indian I'latitaiinns and l-'arinv,
whiili, m the Seaiiel, afVorded us, what I propoled to niy-
ftlt in loming liitner, a con)|K-tent Stot k ot Hrovillons \ to
wliith I'urpol'e, I ktpt one ot my Boats contiiaially ein-
ployci-i "I hringinp I'lovil'ions. By the 16th, we had our
i)«ks lull of live Cattle, Pou!tiy,and I lams in alnmdanee-,
and t'uch t^iantitics of Wheat, Barley, Fotatoi-s, and /«-
</w« Lorn, that I was fatislkd : On a moderate C'ouipu
tation, we luii a.klc.l tour Months I'lovilions to the StiM k
v/f brought trom i'.«^'/.j«i/ -, lo that I was very well liitistied
with the Lil'eCts ot oi;r Stay at Chtluf, and preparevl tor
my Drjurturc. 1 might tertainly have »loiic much more
[tur my own Lndit, and my Owners Protir, it' I had been
f niji-riy Ireoiided by my Otficers. As I do not know ot
i any ixaiTt Dcliiiption ot this llland in our Language, and
I had a very j^ood Opportunity ol heiny acquainted
j \Mtli It, 1 thii'.k It my Duty thcietorc to give the bell Ue-
[ laiption ot It in my I'ower.

(hiloi li the tirll ot the Sfanijh rotTelTions on the Coall

jot Chut •, and, though it produces neither Silver norCiold,

, ii iimliLlcred by tliem as a Place ot very great ConCequence •,

jantl for which they would he under much greater Concern,

Iwlicn llrange Ships enter the Ports or I larbours ot' it, it

Ithey dill not contide in the Number ol its Inhabitants,

Iwhiih, tor this Part et the World, is really very '-xtraor-

Idinary , at which the Reader will tlie Ill's wonder, when he

|Jus goiu- through this Delciiption, and liiuls how tine a

i'laci- It IS. '1 111' Body of this llland, lying in 4:' 40'

iKoutJi, Is from North to South, about thirty Ix;agiies in

Length, but in Breadth nut above Ox or feven Leagues.

It IS watiTid by levcral Rivers, and produces fevci.il kinds

Dt ufctul I'rrcs ; and yields an agreealile Profpeft when

jruu arc near it, when one fies the great Number o\ Indians

farins and I'lantations, which are difperfed at fiiiall 15i-

".mies tioin one another, among the Woods, on rilinp;

jroiiiuls. Wirhiii it is formed an ArchiiK-lago, which

fint.iiiis more Illands th.in are well known •, the le.ill of

»hich aie laid to have man/ Inhabitants, aiulalioundiiiCat-

Amoiig thefe, there are very uncertain Tides and Cur-

(its lo violent, that it is by no means fale to venture near.

Would advilc all Strangers, who go in at the North-end,

keep the I (land fide of the Chanel aboard, giving the

•Jorthtrmoll Point cW.biloe a good Biith •, that is, keeping

" it a pretty good 13illaiice •, wliichdone, run along Ihorc

" U,\IB. 14.

20^

1 1 Southward, ami ynu will pafs hy two Hays, wP.icli fcem
to lie t«)mn)(Hli.)us \ Imt hold your Way till you come to
a Point, almoll contigiKius to which in a high Koch, fomc-
what like a Pyramid \ p.di Ixitwcen tlus Rock and ^ finall
high (Hand, whn h yni< willlec ne.ir if, and run a little
Way diiti'lly up the Hatliour, which looks like the I-'n*
Linceol a River, ami you will luve a f.ite Port to drop
/' or Am hor \ but, in I'.omg in, take care that you do not
tall uiuhr live laihom Water trom the Shore \ for the
nearer you advance to the llnall IllatuI before-mentioned,
the led W.iter you meet with \ therefore keep your Lead
going, and k- Iwjld with the Shore towards the North Skic
ol the I laibour i whin youare in, you will h.ive the grntelt
I Vnth, but the Southerruoll Side is Shole. My Pilot cai--
ried me a contrary Way to what 1 have nowdiiedted •, for
he advifed me to keep to the Main-land of CM', wluch I
did nil I had got the Lengtli of the I'uint of Carrlmapo^
having to the Southward of me leviral fmall Illands,
which you will fee as foon as you have tin Chanel open.
This nroved a trightfiil and unfortun.ite Patfage to mr,
fince the Luis ot my Anchor here was one of the greatcll
Damages 1 I ould have full.iincd: In lliott, it any Ship
Ihould Ik; by Ntceflity, oroiherwife, driven to this IPaml,
I have giviii the I'atell Inllructions they can follow. The
Soil is very fertile, and produces all lorts of our European
Iruits ai'.d (uains, togrtlur with fine PalUirc-lands, where*
with they i.'ra/c great Numbers of Cattle, particularly
Miiep. 'I'he Air is whoUome, it king lituate in a tem-
perate Clim.itL : But I think it real'onabic to conclude, that
thiir W'inter Scafon is v. ry rigid, the llland being bounded
on the Wi'll by 4n immcnle Ocean, witlunit any other
Land to fcreen it from the cold moid N'.ipours, which are
brought thith.r by the \ lolencc of the tempilhicus Welt-
erly Winds, wliich, for the Generality, rcign in th-jfe La-
tituiks i all which mull render it an unccmforMble I'lacc
in the Winter Months •, toralhnich as it is to be conli-
dered, that the lame Par.illcls of Latitude to the Equator
arc much more cold, than they are to the Northward. They
have Hlnindance ot' very handlome middle-fized Ilorfcs,
whiih are laid to mount with great Dexterity ; .ind have
likewife a Creature, which they call Cjuanacoes, or Carneros
dil •fii-rra, i. e. the Country Shc-ep •, thefe partake very
much ot the Refemlilance of a Camel, but are not near to
large : liny have long Necks, and I have feen of thcni
between live and fix Feet high •, their Woo! ([which is no
other th.m a linel'oitof 1 iair; is extremely tine •, they I'mell
very rank, and uMive with a very flow majeftic Pace,
wliK h hardly any N'loknce can make them quicken. Ne-
verthelefs, they arc of gaat Service at the Mines in /'i'rtf,
where they .ire employed in carrying the Ore, is'i: Their
Flefh is very coarf'e, which we exjx.'rienced by ibme of then!
we had failed lor our future L'fe : Bifidis thefe, they have
hwopftin Sheep, and great .Numbers of Hogs, but are not
overltocked with Black Cattle. 1 lere is no want of Fowl,
Iwth wild .iiiii tame : Of the wild there are feveral forts j)e-
culiar to tlie Country -, and, ni particular, a lore of fmall
(iccfe, whidi are found on the Banks ot their Rivers*
which not only allbn! .m agreeable IVofiJcCl of their beau-
tiful Whitenefs, but are alio of an excellent Talle : As to
their taiiu- Poultry, thfv are of the f'ame kind with ours.
The Inhabitants are almoU, in all ref[«:ds, the fame with
thole on the main Continent of Chtlt. They are ot a mo-
derate St.iture, of a deep ulive-coloured Completion, and
h.ive coarfe lliaggy black Hair, and fome of them have
Count nances by no means difagrecible : They feem to be
naturally of a fierce warlike D fpofition ; but the common
OpprelFions of the Spaniards, and the Artitices of the Je-
luits, who arc MifTioneis in thole Parts, have lulhciently
curbed and broken their Spirits. Monfieur Frczier gives us
an Account, that the Indians, inhabiting the Continent to
the Sotithward of this llland, are calkd Cbonos \ and that
they go quite naked ; and that, in the inland Par:, there
are a Race of Men, of an extraordinary Size, called Ca-
cabnes ; that thefe, Ix-ing in Amity with the Cbonos., have
tbmetimes come with thtin to the Dwellings of the Spa-
niards at Chiloc. He adds, he w.»s credibly inlormcd, by
fiveral who had been Eye-witncnes, that fome were about
nine or ten Feet high : But I had a Sight of two, one
whtrcot was a Cacique^ who came trom th< Southward of

iV I

'pral

r 'tsf '

io6

ne VOYAGES of

^oc)k I. H Chap. I.

tho River 5/. Ddtnhgo^ who fceincd to mc to liifTcr little or
not at all from the Gbiliniant as to their Pcrfons \ as to
their Habit, they arc decently clad, in what tijcy call Pan-
cbo Meatena, and Poulains : The Potubo is a fort of fijuarc
Carpet, with a Slit cut in the Middle ot it, wide enough
to (lip over their Heads -, fo that it hangs upon their
Shoulders, half of it falling before, and the other behind
them ; under this, they generally wear a (hort Doublet on
their Heads. Tiicy have the MoMUra, which is a Cap
made almoft in the fame manner with thofe of our I'ofti-
lions ; and on their Legs they Ibmetimcs have die Poulains,
which are a fort of knit Bufkins, without Feet to them i
in (hort, their Appearance be.u-s little or no I.ikcntfs to
the Savage. Their Habitations are better tluui arc com-
monly made ufc of by fuch a fort of People, being indi(Tcr-
ently l.u-ge, and (irmly built with Plank, but have no
Chimneys : Their Houfesare very black and footy within-
fiiic i they indole li)mc ot their Grounds with Palifadocs.
Notwithllanding a futficient Plenty of every thing necef-
("iry tor a comfoitable Sublilfencc, the Inh.ibitants are de-
barred, in fomc nuadirc, from ulling ot the Fruits of their
L^'ur, jwrticulariy in the Article of Breail ; for, not
having the Convtnicncies tor grimiing ami preparing their
\\ hcit, they uiv put to the millrahle Shift of making
Cakes of the Sci-weetis, which, however, through Uli', arc
citecmcd by tliem, and were not dilapproved ot by leveral
of my Piopic, who cat fomo : Belidcs this, they luve their
M.iize, or J/uuan C orn, which they managi. in (eviral man-
ners to anlwtr the liid of Bread •, and add to all this, their
Abundance ot Potatoes, and other Roots. As to Liquors,
ihefe Iiuiians li.ive rot been contented with the Proiiuce ot
Brooks and Spiing-;, like many Nations of their Com-
plexion i but have tound out a Means of making a Liquor
called Cl'uba, ot the iHiiiait Corn ; In this they, doubilcis,
iollowed the I-'ootlleps ot their near Neighbours on the
Conti'ient of Cbu't ; but their Drunken lx>uts being genc-
niily ihe lirtl Kile of Seditions and Revolts, the Spamards
lake care to fet Bounds to them in that I'aiticular, as much
as thiy iKjfTibly can. Their .Arms are of leveral Sorts ;
thofe that have no Europem \Via()on5, retain their own,
f\i>;!i as Pikes, Darts, isc. I'liey are particularly dextrous
in throvsuig a lliiiging N<x)('f, at the End ot a long Thong
of Leather, whtrewith they are lure of catihing an Ox,
Hortc, isc- or any thing, even i;nts tulK areer; this they
call a Lays. la ihort, by all I tould tee ol their, and he.tr
of the Cb-JiniaKf, they feem to rcletnble them in almoll
evci7 ie!j>eifl ; ami tliere tan be no Wor.dcr at that, when
one condders th<;r dole Neightxjuriiootl with the Main-
land of Cbilt. They make ule of fmail Drums, Ibme of
which I have ((:u\ ; they are V( ry Imall, and the 1 leads
of them made with (liuts-lkiiis with their H.iir on, and
make a l.ul dull Sound. Tin y cany on a imall Woollen
Manufat'lure, conlitting inCarit-ts, and N-i.t(TarKb tor A[v
pare! Ixture-mcntioncd. 'Phey likcwil'etxpo.t Cedar, both
la Piank, and wrought in Boxcv, Chells, P^ictitoires, (r.'.
wherewith they lupply all Cbitt and Ptm. As to their t.u
ropean Traeie, tliey liavc iu)iic •, but th:- SpanmtJ, who
tanii- tinn the (Governor, toKi me, that the People or tins
Wand w.jndered,tlut trading ."imps never put in here : for,
("aid lie, we have a great I'.cal ol Money amongll us i and
liave hero a late Port, tree trom the Dangers incurred by
going to Leeward, wiiere they are in jx'qxtuil L'neatiiuls
lor tear ot the Men ot War -, whereas Bulinels might be
done, and all be over, before tliey eould Ix- .ulviltd of it
at (bgreata Diftuhce as L;«/d, lould be there Httcd out,
and coir.e to far to Windward. It h.is lieen obicrved of
the InJians ol Cl^i.'i, that, in two Articles in tlair way of
Living, they dilitrr from all oth'T Nations liut liavc ytt
been heard ot". 1 Ix lirl\ 1% that they iav: nu f,oiion ot
a fuperior Being ol any firt, and ot (onlequcrne pay no
W<;rl1iip to any fupreinc Power : And the Iceond li, th.it
they ale lui h f neniies to i ivil .Society, that they iiev< r livi
together in Towns and Villages •, lo that the Loiintry Irrms
to be thinly inlialnted, tho' it n v> ry ixjpul(/usv tor they
live ditiK-rfcd in Farms at a (kkxI DiltaiKeone irom the
«t!i r, every one having tlieir Plantatiotu ; fu that A.wiAl
every 1-amily ei joys the Nnetiarirs of lateoi then own
manuring ai.d teedin'^ : llowevir, tiiough they are thus
katt^rtU, th'.; arc not wiiolly indej>eiidciit -, tor iliry lave
4

all of them a Chief of their jurticiilar Tribe or Clan, w|.„
is calkil a Cacique \ and his Dwelling is conveniendy fiiu.
ated amongll them, lor th.e more fpccily fummoning tlu-p
together on Affairs of Importance ; which he docs !,»
founding a fort of Horn, which heard by his VaiVals, {i,!^
repair to him without Delay. The Cacique cominaiuls thim
in War, (Jc. and has an ablolutc Power of executing Jullic
amongll his Subjeds, who arc likcwife his Relations |,,
being only the Heail of a Family, all the inferior Braiui;^.s
of v/hich adhere to the Interell, and obey the Command
of their Ijord, whofc Autliority ishcteditary. Inallthcf-
nljx;ds, the Inhabitants of this Ifland refcpible tholL' ol
the neighbouring Part of the Continent, cxeeptini' tla
their Caciques arc, in fotr.e meafurc, llript ol liit^r r ,■;
Authority by the Tyranny of the Spaniards -, wii©, h,,v,
ing thcfe People in a more fecurc Subjection than tliole- i,
the Continent, keep them in tlie motl laborious .Sj
very by their Menaces, and hard Ufage ; wliillt the .\| ;.
(ionaries blind them with the fu|x;r(htious Duft ot an i rr.ie r',._■^
Converlion to Chiitliaiiity, ot which none ot thtni kii.,«
any inore, th.m that they were baptized, without li.in.i,..
tor what End \ lo that thiir Devotion conlills ot mere JiJ
iatry to the Image ol the Ciots, or any of the S.unti, i>.
Sp,)nijh Clergy take no Pains to undeceive theni; ln.tiru.
Ixibly think they li.ive gained their Ends, if their Igiioraiw
contribute towarils the making them contented under ii,;
Rigour ot the ^panij)} Government. Thus the Kninion
Sort k-ing deluded, anil the Caciques h;iving rhangcd ttitj
lawlul Prerogative tor the vain OlUntation ol beii-i].
lowed to wear a Silver-heailed Cane, which putsthcni ly^
the Rank ot the Spanijh Captains in outward Ap[)cjrir,(.c
they are become a milerable Prey to the Will of tluiri.'
({xjtii M.dlers. The Spaniards, notwithtlanding .il) -his^
have iometimes ftretchul their Adminiilration to fj na
A Height, that the hdians have been obilgeei to dcifmi
themfelves, anil liave Ixigun to think, that Deadi is pr^
fcrable to their Slavery ; tor Mr. Frezier, in his \(.y,g-,
hss given us an Account of what happcncil at the Tiaic
that le was at t.'ie South Sc^s, wherein the hdium kiiid
lourteen or titteen of the Spaniards, who took a luincwi
Revenge i tor, in Return, tliey maffaireel 200 ot tlitrj,
going into the very Klands to dellroy them ; which \\m
lui h a Terror to thole jxHir People, that they were glr's
fit clown quietly under their Mistortune : And, ihoiig,it:^
Spaniards arc but badly equipped with Arms, tiuHjit
never ilared toukc tuch Advant.iges over their Opprdloi
.IS they ilaily might, lince the Numlicr of V\ hues u Ixi
inionliderable, when comparn.1 with the Multitikle ol ik I
Natives ; and to which they might be cncour.ige\i b « |
indolent NegleCt of the Spaniards, who fiitVer what iiti-
teiriified Places ilicy luve in this Illonil toiun to Ku.r,;
lo that M\y huroptaH Power might, with Fate, jxtiia
themfelves -jt it; which might \x of the greatilt Lw*
quence, lince it is cajublc of atrimling a SubfillriKc t. ;
very numerous Colony, wliith might be ot ur.lfvaL:^
Detriment to the InhalMtants eit (Jpih and Piru. hi rrgjt
to ourlelv.s, ot what Benetit (in calc of a War with at
trownol spam) the taking ot r'-is lllaml night b.i
leave to more penetrating Judgments toconlicler , and |}J
only add, that the Aititices of the Midioiianes arc :j:
chut Seeurity of the Spaniards in this J'lace, aswHlisal
molt of the rell o their Settlements \n Sou:h .'.B:ru.\
■J'hiir Fmbarkatiems are jiartieuLir in this, tl.ai, t^irwr,;
ot Naih, i\\f\ other Utenlils, they lew titeir Boats togttie
very artitieially with Oziers ; They .ire compoled o! th.'il
Pieces, VIZ. the Sides and the Bottom, each ol whichsl
an, intirc Piece of Timfx r ; and niw in the liuiic niiiiKi|
that we eio, with more or le-wer O.us, according !'>ti"« I
Bignels. Our Bulinrlh being now over, 1 [ ropo.d tail
from henee tor the lllaiul ol Ju.tn Jfr»tindtz. I

It is now rtqijilifc kj take notice ot w'.it Capt.i:! /i''j;ij
lays, as to (iii.ie ot the Point', mentioi.ed in the tor^isuqf
Part of the Relation ; He admits, that theie we;c Diliffj
ernes between him arul Captain She'.vo.kf on the .Si.!«
eating; aixl he gives this Kealon tor it, tluf ii-'^
drank harl, and hul a very Imall Stoniiuii ; wnicJi m-'I
him think other I'eople, wha had a better, wire di)«r.r.::r
(diittons: .And, upon this Falhngoiit, he wasotilerr'i.';
Conlincmei'.t, and kkh 4 (.'.iiiliiiemiut, .\-> ini;',ht vrrvn

K)kl,

Cliui, who
ieiidy fuu.
mine the !!i

1-" l-l(JCS !iy

irtals, thtv
laiuls thtm
tiiig jullicc
:lati()ii<., h;
or Braiiihrt
wOinnunds,
III all thtfc

lie tlioll: 01

itpiini', thai
it ikir r.j!
w!io, h,u-
un tlwlc ^,i'

lOI'.OUS ^(j

lilll the M::.
anirr.ptlui
Jhtni kii.,»

KHlt lorr,;;/'

III iiuvc lix
^.unt.. 1,-:
:mi liui-iu
icir Igr.uraiict
:i-d uniltr ti.;
the lonimon
f liangtii thti
I ot btirgal.
utstlicnu.ja
1 Apj)Ciri:,ic,
ill ut tluir lie-
niling all i^
on to lo gTit
igctl to dclcnd

Death is p[^
in his Vcy.igc,
I at the 'iiiu

bidiani V\\'d
ook a fulfkicrt

200 of tiur.;

which li.atii

L'y v.crc g'i''o

ml, thougnii:

ms, tluy law

tit Opptdloe

V\ hitts IS Sii

ultitiiut ol ik
[oiiraged b\' tit

itVtr w'lat linis
inn to Kua;

I l-.alc, \^'^\

Ullllll'-IKO tji

ru. l.Hc-gild|
War with a
1 ir.ight I) . 1
ruirr ■, an.! lii

i\ :'.-. v.- :ii-i>
'ieu.i. ■"'■: ■■•»•
t!,.u. t:;rw..i;i
B<iai'.t .;'.;m|
jii/c'i o; lbs

,Jl l;l wiliOllj

In liii.c mjn^l
ortlini; Mtrfll

Jii tlu- t.jr>i,ii5l
lie wcu UfC'l
V the .Si,l)i.
tlut .uv;v

, , Wil!"l "'•■

iw.rtilcitt-!''-'

|V.I-. Olllf f''!' >■"

]i„!>!,hcv:ry»-

Chap. 1. Captain George Shelvocke* XCTf

■ duce him to take any Step, that was thought neceflary to tcred tliem with the Hopes of making their Fortunes in a

orociirc his Inlargement •, for he was laid at his full Lxingth very fliort Time, and at a very fmali Hazard, He premifed,

n the Arms<hell at the Bulk-head in the Steerage, and that he had been there before, and tlierefore knew what he

mfined juft thcrev and, what with the Height of the Chtft, faid -, and next laid it down as a Faft abfolutely certain, and

coi

and *he Bedding, the upper Deck was fo very clofe, he had not all to be controverted or called in queftion, that there

hardly Room to lie extended upon it, there being no I'oITi- were always five or fix Sail of Ships in the Road of Con-

b'litv of fitting up i fo that his Viftuals were brought him ccptiotif and others daily coming in and going out ; that tluy

there: Ami, when he offered to make Water upon Deck, had very often, both Ways, confiderable Sums of Money

the Centinel was always clofe at his Heels, with a drawn and Plate, and other valuable Thing?, on board ; that, tlio*

Sword. And thus he continued twelve or fourteen Days, tiiey were large Ships, they had little or no Force ; and

nobody daring to fpeak to him, except Mr. KenJric, who, that there was no Fortification to protcft them, fo that, if

kforc this, wa"; alfo turned out of the Mefs. Upon this there were twenty Sail, we could not meet any Oppoatioii

Occafion it was, that he wrote a Letter to Captain Shelvockt; in the taking them all ; that tluir Cargo conllllcd chicHy

but he affirts, that it was not the Letter that the Ciptain of Corn, Wine, Brandy, Flour, Bread, jerked Bcefj that

has inoliiced in his Book; and avers, iffucli a Letter could the Ships bound to Conception, always bring Money with

have Ixcn produced, as it might have been, had the Copy them to purdufc their Cargoes, bcfides the Booty that

m the Book been printed from the Original, he would might be got from ricii trading Paffengcrs, who carry on

•ickiuwlcilgc every Title of the Charge, and fubmit to be a confiderable Commerce between this Fort and Bueu/js

thought as bael a Man by the Reader, as tJic Captain was Jyrts over Land ; antl that we could not tail of having the

I plcalcd to reprefeiit hinij which, to me, I own, appears Ships r.mfonKil, tiiat fiioiild fall into our Ham's, at v(iy

I a veryfairl'iopfal. As to the Scheme of going to Cifc/'/cf, great Rates ; inlomuch tliar, if wc could hut g.t into Cc;^-

he reprefcnts it as the Captain's o>vn, calculated jiurely to ception b.forc they hnd any Knowltttge of us, it was palt

avoid meeting Mr. Clipperton M. Juan Fernandez -, and allDcibt, tiut we- fliould make our I'ortunes. He thcTLture

afllrts, that die People, generally fpeaking, were againft it. advifed tli; m to endeavour to prevail upon nie to ma'e the

He lays, that this was a Port known to noboely ; and that belt of my \\.\y tliitlier : l"or, tho' it was certain, tlie Go-

iis being uiiirequenteil was a Proof, tliat it was a dangerous veriior ol Chihe would fend our Defcrtcr to Ccnception with

and difficult N.avigation ; which was often reprefented to all imagin ible L')il{ut( h ; and that, fince it would be two or

C.iptain Sbehockc, but to no manner of Purpofe. All thclb three Months Journey by Land, he would infallr 'ly convey

Pifficultie? iwul Dangers they experienced in the End j for him by Sea in Tome Ihiall V'eflel •, and that, if t'ley arrived

they were no Iboner entered, but they found themfelves at Conception before us, the reft of the Coaft would, in a

fiirroundcd with tcirible Breakers i for fuch were the Un- very fiuall time, be univerfally alarmed •, by which means

ctrtainfy and Rapidity of the feveral Tides or Currents
meeting there, as at once to aftonifti arid bafHe the moft
[judicious Mariner to defcribe them. They were firft taken
1 under the Bow with a Current fctting from the Lcc of oiv;
I Wand, then immediately under the Quarter with another ;
[fo that the Ship ^o{;\d not anfwcr her Helm. At lift, the
[mod powcrfiil '^f dvfe Currents horfcd her away on the

we fliould not have an Opportunity left of meeting with
any thing, tiil tlu-y had imagined, that we had abandoned
their Seas ; as cvery-body, in thofe Calls, are fond of
delivering their Sentiments, and as it is impoiTible to keep
a Ship's Company in fo much Awe, in lb remote a Part, as
in fliort N'oyages near luniie, every one of my Ship's Com-
pany, who could fay any thing at this Junclurc, did not

Weft Siiore into i^\^j»: Fathom and an half, where the Tor- fail to fpeak their Minds fomewhat infoL'ntly. One JViiUam

lier.t ran with fuch Impetuofity, and the Ground was fo foul,

Itbt the Sand appeared on tlie Surface from the Bottom ;

II which together afforded a difmal Profpecl. However,

he Anchor brought her up, which if they had not let go

vhen they did, every Man mull inevitably have perifhed ;

jfor, hail (he touched the B'Ktom, there Ihe muft, in a Mo-

enr, hiive broken to Pieces, or overfet by the Strength of

Irlv Current. 1 le ridicules the whole Afi^air of changing

tlic Ship's Name, and aHliming the French Captain's, as a

'cry poor Contrivance, w liich had httic or no LiTeft ; tor

ic Spanijh Ciovernor wa'' not lb eafily (heated, but had the

Horlc Opinion of tl)e i'erfon he dealt with, tor endeavour-

bg tlius to imi^ofc upon him. And, as to tlie fendiiig Men

lore to ex^rcile, he rep-efents that as very little better

un a lornial IXfign oi throwing them into the Hands of

Sfiiniards. As to the Pro'ieft of fiizing Cbtioe, he will

Dt .illow it any kind of Merit, bccaufe ot the dangerous

ning ,n, which .Muift expoll- Ships of any Sl/c to the utnioft

I'eri!. .Such is the Commentary of Betaf^b upon this I'art

I the Voyage. La:! Us now return to the Text ot Cipcain

hhccke, and the Profecution of the Voyage Inim tins

it Cbilf:e to the Ba/ of Conception -, alter which wc

SM hear Captain Bdagb again.

1 was determined, fays he, to go from hence to the
land (ij Jttnn Fernandez, as my Ii-ftrudlions dirtdcd ;
kI OioiilJ. certainly li.ive (imie fo, but that the S!ii[)'s t oni-
ny were unluckily poftllll\l with an Opinion ot mighty
iV.iiitaLics tluii might b obtaineii by a Ihort Irip to (Ik-
ly ot Ccmtpttcn. This a.I'. put into liuir He.ids l)y tiic
YmLmum, who perfuaded us to go to Cbiloe \ and, tho*
It I'.xpedition was not over adva^t.igeous, yet, as it t.iiled
ihip through the Faults oftuu own Peojile, than tioin any
Rfl-ils^s in the ] rcnehman-. fntoriuation, which, on the
fhiilt. h.ul ar.hviTol ti.lcrably well, ihf Crew were ttill
1 ti) ciidit liiiii , a tliiiip, n.itural i nouj'Ji in a flr.inge
:oi tlu: World, where we knew not well what C'ouiie to
and wheie he, who had never fo little more Know-
than the left, was lure to be eftfcmed much wilir
1 he really \\as. But the Secret, by which this M.incap-
at.d tui Company to fuch a Deurec, was this : 1 le fi.it-

Morpbe'x', who was one of thofe I had out of die Rul/y- and
had been in thefe Seas feveral Years, took upon him to tell
me, that It could not fignify much, if we arrived two or
three Days fooner or later at Juein Fernandez •, that I was
a Stranger here ; but that the Frencbman and himfelf w. re
1() well aec|uainted, that every body hoped I would be ad-
vifed, and go to Conception : .■^nd begged I would not put
a mere Pundiho of Orders in the Balance agai:ift fuch a
ProfpeCl, nay. Certainty of Succcfs, if we were fo h.:ppy
as to arrive there in time. In fliort, the/ all to;;, ther
alfiucd nu", that they had th.." Proprietors Irtirell: in
View, as much as their own ; and that tluv would jx;rifh,
before they would injure them in any relpcet : But at the
f '.me tinu' told me, that, if 1 ha.l not Succ fs in my Pro-
ceedings nobody could be bLinu\i, but mylelf; intreating
me not to 1 le this Opportuni'.y, wherein they were icfolved
to Hand by me, and the CientLmen in Eiiglaiul, witii all
1-idelity. In our Way to Conception, wc m.uic the Illands
of Moiba and St. Mary on Decevibcr 2^. and, the I'lmti
Evening, arrived in the Bay ot Conception ; but could not
be certain, th.it we fawaiiy Ship in tlieKoad : .And there tor;;
I immediatuy gave Ordei;. to man and arm ou)- Boats, t.>
go up in the Night to lurprile whatever N'elllis might b,:
there 1 with llric't Orders, it they found any thing too ftroiig
fur them, to make it tn-'i- Bufinefs to prevent the Ships
lending any thing afliore, tii! the Wind permitted nu- to
work i:p to them •, which I endeavou.ed all Nig'it Ion;;,
but to \eiy httle I'lirpole : I'or, at O.iy li!:!,ht, I could
dill cm nothing above us. Captain ILtiiey returned about
Ni'on in the Pinnace, and intonned me, that he h.id t.ikeii
a Ship cdled the Salitlad I .luday, wliich was the only o:;c
there, that was aSout i -jo Tons Burden ; and, being l:it> ly
tome from Baldr.ia, had nciihii.g on board, excep: .i lew
Citlar-pl.inks ; diat there w.is nobody on board ol iier cx-
cejit the Bo.itlwain, an old Negro, aiui two J/idi.m Hoys;
and tliat he had left Mr. lirc.b tlu: firll l.ie.it. iiant in Pol
felfion of her, with Oidcrs to bring her down ili- fnil Op-
portunity. In Ills Return to my Sliip, he took a lin.dl '.'if.
Ill of alxvu twenty-live 'Ions, near the Illand '^^uiriqu'ut,
(which lies i;i ilie Harbour; where Ihe Inid been to take m

Pes.

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1; : 1

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'm 1

108

The VOYAGES of

Book I. I ^^^^P- ^-

Pcais, Cltcirif^ ami othrr Fruits for thv Conception Um--
ktt. '1 his VclV( I lH-lotigeil to a Prii-ft, who liaci bci ft R.i-
tlif ring Fruits, wnA wns now macic a I'riloncr in licr ; tor,
having; the Ciiriolity to advance too ruaf my I'toplc, in
oidfr to iii1(;ovcr what tlicy were, he and his Car^o unliick-
Uy tell iiitothur Hand's, together with tour or hvc Indians.
Ininicdiatdy attc-r they had taken this, there was another
trnall Boat, whic!) ( anie in between the I(l;imi ot !:!^inqi(»u-
and Tai'sJX'i''""- * perceived by my Ciiafs, that llic palled
Within lets' tlian I'illol-lhot of my I'innace, and yet Captain
IlMlry liid n>-.l engage her; tor which he made no oiiur
F.xculi: when lie came itxiard, but tliat he ilui not miiul her,
tho' his Boat's Crew ail agreed, that the was lull of Men.
On the 26th about Noon, Mr. Broeh broiipjir down the
SliiptlK-y had taken, and anchored about half .1 Mile l>ioM
ofuv. the B<.),itfwain of her had not ken aboard ot us
aUivc two Hours, before he gave an Inti'miation ot a N el
lei laden wuh Wine, Bramly, and other v.ihiablc Ihin-^s,
bountl to the Ifland oi' Cbila; lying at Anchor in the Hay
ot I/firjilm;t, about two Ix-agues to the Northward ot us.
I'pon tiii.s, I ordered Mr. RanJ.iH, feeond Lieutenant, with
the B<)atlwainoithe.V!./7iy,7</, with twiiity-hve Men, to go
tliirlicr in ihc ,\/tr.,7rv, as we ealleil our Fruit Bark, with
politivc Orders nor to lit a loot on Siiore, or make any
hazardous Attempt. Bur, the next h.vtning, they returneii
with a ihlnial Story •, liz. that they went into the Bay. and
found tile \'eflel haled ilryatliore-, U[H>n which the DfHcer
ordered his I'(H[)le to land, and bnn!'; aw:'.y what they could
out ol licr. whilll himlelt, am', three ur tour mot ■, kept the
Birk ..ilijt. Wiirn tluy came up to litr, they lound tu-r
empty -. bur, at r!u l.inie time, ieeing a fniall I loul'e jull
by the X'clUl, t!xy began to bv- ot Opinio;', that the
Cargo was hxigeii there : L'pon which, the Officer in' me-
diately ordered ihcm up •, !>> away went the jxx)r Fclluw':,
with noNKiy at the I leaii ot them, without any Regard to
Order, c\;.iy one endeavouring to tx- torcmolt : But tlmr
dre^r was loon ifojijxni ; 'or dicy h.id no f(K);ier got upn'i
the Bank, than they iJiloJVtreii the F.nemy rulhing tuneully
Uj-on .hem Some of oit .'se.uivii were of C)pinion, that they
might h.ive iriadr a fat^- Retreaf, it tht y l;ad not brvu alfo
nilhed at the vtry Urae.gc Manner in whit h they were attack-
ed, by h.ivinga NumUrof 1 lorfcs come up without Riders;
but, aS lixin as they heard thole behind, the:,, my People
bdtirrt.l ihi mielves, in order to make inc l)cll ot their \N ay
10 rile Me?iiiry ; by which in-ans, all, ex.ept hve, clcajwl ■,
ami thefe live were taken at:cr they were g<;ttcn into Slwl: -
w.iter. It wa-s vrry foitunate tor them, that, by Ionic Ac-
cident, their Vellel was aground -, lor othrrwife they mull
have lieen all cut uff. As it vas, the Spamnrds thought
Ht to r-tirc as I'.kmi as tluy were within Mulljiu t-lhot, and
cur People then lound it no liilTicult maitci to get tlvir
V'-.flel alloai again. 1 he Witcr Lxmg now very low, thiy
W'Tc obliged, as they went out, to keep mar to a I'oiiit
ol 1 Jnd, Ifoni whence the Spaniards, under the .'shelter
of the Wocid, galled tlui , ' ', the Wind bcirg lair,
they f,K)n palled it, and, r'lni; all doll- in the Bottom of
the Bar';, .they had only one Man wounded, who waslhut
t!itou!.ii ihc'i high. They told int, tiiey pvrttClly lawtiie
Manrei bow i\k Spaniards t .ime down upon them; i:z.
llut tiiey w -re jreeidcd by twenty or men- 1 lories abreall,
linked to each other , thele were two deep ; tlien came the
l''.nemy mounted, .ind lying ujwn their Horfcs Neiks,
driving the othcrv along, and were not onccleen to lit up-
right in '.hir .Sad ilrs, cxiep't when there was no Danger,
or to fur their Mufquetv. When they had got near my
People, they threw out Lines, with Nooles at the l-.nd of
them, to catch them; and, accordingly, Jjmes Daniel,
one ot my Foirnuif men, was mln.ired, alter he ha^i run
a good Way into the \\ .it< r, but was diaggcd out .igain
alter the R.it< ot t. n Knots an Hour. In lliori, they are
univtriaily dexterous at this-, tor I have lecn a .Spaniard
biing a M.m up by liie I-oot as he ran along the Dcik 1
and, thty fay, they are lure of any thing they llii.g .it, .u
till- DiOance of levcial 1 at horns. 1 lule Mislonun. s and
nila|jH)intmeiits m.id>- my Crew extremely uneafy, ami
might have liad x-ry bi I (, onlequcmes, it, when we hall
CXjcded II, we li.id not been agreeably furpriled by the
•Sight of a luge .Ship, wliic/i we law lomingalvnit to the
Nutihcrnioii I'umt ol -he IllauJ of .'^wrr/w.-./c. It ban;;

almoft dark, (lie could not perceive what we were, fu thjt
they I1o(h1 in without I'ear Or Apprchenlion. This lluM,,,
Appearance put us into no I lurry i for wc were always clear
and ready tor Ailion •, our Launch was imiiKilutdv
manned to intercei>t tli/ir going afliore, or going 10 Vj
again, and my C.ibic w.is ready to flip, if there hud 1;(-,|
a Necellity for it. As fo(.n as (lie hail approached usncj-
enough, 1 hailed htr ; to whidi they rctuinmg no :\u(wu
I tired into her -, which w;as no fooner done, than I orJiiHi
the Launch to pit off directly : 'J'lie Lnemy, upon t!,i;
lliortened .Sail, but kept fait their Andior-, and, juH ^^ ■
w.is going to Hip my Cable, the I Clinch came up with ha
and g.ive her a Volley of Small-arms, and they niftanV
came-to, .rnd calhd tor<.iiurter. It was about twooXv'
ill the Morning before my Boat returned to inform .'iif 1^;
any News of her, ^vlren they brought with tlu m the, p,„„i
Capt.iin, and fome of the chitT Paflengcrs, who .icijiiimlj
me, tlut their Ship was called the iV. I'ermin , ilutlij
belonged to, ami came lalt from Callaco ; th.it Ihe i.ij
about ;oo Tons Burden, and had a very Imall Cargo c.n
board, which conliHed of Sugar, Mclalles, Rire, cuar,"
I'icnch Linen, and lomr Cloths and B.iys of [^ito, \yp
ther with n fmall (^lantity of Clio elate, and aboi,; 3 cr
6000 Dollars in MoiiJ-v and wrought Plate. I imi .Mr'
Hendry, the Owners .'Vgent, on board of her in thc-V/r'
airy, to infpeft her Lading, and to order evi ry thing j-
could find valuable out ot her ; and t!ie Ship's Coaiiav
fent their Agent likewile: In the Altermxin they x^i—-;^
and brought all the Bales Box-5, Thefts, l\.i'[iiiai,t:,,,|
OrV. that were in her ; and alio all the Rice, wi(h a ur.-
Quantity of Sugar, Melalfes, and Chocolate, and Av.:
7000 Weight ot very good Rusk, with all tie other hs
ables and Storey, Don/Wiwr.y.i / jrrai^M, who waithcCar-
t.un, intreated the Libetiy 10 lanlbm this Ship ; wlmh 1
willingly confented to, and gave him Ia.ivu ti .j
n his own Launch to C.ciurpituh, wii)j 1 ,Mui.l,.nit, k.)

was iikewiic a I'liloner, to raite

the ^/

O/lCy'

In th,-

nitn

! ,

time we Were ! •.:!y'd ill iVatching ouri>f|.''.e, th.it iiott,; ,
might ki. concea'c 1 ; and every body ,,, lis llrictly I'job:
alter, by People appjinted for that I'urpofe, wlujcxam-.i
the Pockets, cfc. ot all fuch who at any tinie (am. ir-
on lK)ard the S:. Ftrmin ; and our Carixntcr was c-
pIo\-.-ti 111 making a llight Deck over the Alacur., itb,.-
proUible, that flu would be of great Ufe iii coallint^a.c-
Ihore. 'Jn the ^otli, a Boat came at-o.ird from ti. i.*-
verpor, with a ll.ig of Truce, and an OlF.c-r, w),o .,-
<iuaii;tetl us that two of the People taken in tlielaliSb
mifli were alive, but muth wounded •, ho likewile Iwz"
a I'refent ot leven Jars ot very go^ni Wine, and a Uir
Ironi t!ie Governor Don Gal>nei Cano, in whulihfa-
manded a -Sight of my CommitTion, tiic fending alk-; j
'Jofeph de la lonlawe, who had Ixen Servant m Ci;e-,
III 'Jonqitirt\ Mate, and fomc other 'i'liings,tlur 1 thif;
iinreafonable ; witli a Promifc, that, in cafe I coini'b il «"
them, he wouUl enter into a 'IVeaty. '1 o cut .Mas-,:,
thon, I refolved to lend Capt.iin Betagh to the (i<iVt;;,:,
in Older to treat by Word of Mouth. In the man r; I
I received otlur MelTages, and otlicr Letters, irom;j
(iovernor V ami, at lalt, a tormal Treaty was litgan,
wliK-h 1 demanded ifi.ooo Doll.irs for the Raiiloin uId
.)/. /"cr«i(« alone, and they olfered 12,000 loriwtIiK|
Sh!i)s and Bark : .\\\^, while Ihings remained m !.b>-
tuation, the (lovernor employed all his Skill aii.H..«3|
draw together Inch a Body ot Men, as might iHttoi.i,::-
hiin tioni any .Apprehenlions ot our atttmptinj; any:.'!.;.
alhore, Init hkewife enafile him to make lonicAt'.tffil
ii|i<in us; lo that, tindiiig all Ins i/.i;i//7j PunfUir.iuni'Jl
(lULip and abule w, I lirll Lt bire to t!ie i'<.//./.w; iii[
then, having lirll given them limeto comply w it!i ti; h>
pol'al I made, I next let lire to the St. t'amtn, .h I iiiij
threatened to do, having taken care belortliand tok* a
( Jiidition to ijuit tlir Hiy ol CoHiepli:» imiiiaLr:
I iptaiii lietat^h, in his Rt iii.irks, .ilkrts politivelv. C.ijXi |
llitiley chak-it the Hark, which Captain W.'.'vsi.i uyiS|
fullered to eka|H', till he was wilh.i, the l<( .ich ot I'ltb?
miesiiuns uixjii tin 11 I'l.ittorm. lie intonns us 'ikmi.
that the Cargo ol the ..SV. I trmin was woith .ib<.ii! 1: ..|
and th.it the live Men out of the .Uj-nw^ w, :i \.i-
attempting to take an empty Ship.

I'.

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If.vrU.C.ifO'l

Llio!!':^ !•'''!

Chap. I. Captain George Shelvocke.

On the 7th of January 1720. I failed, fays the
Caiimiii, to 'Juan Fernandez -, and, on the 8th, we obfcrvtd
the 'im'*" perfciftly red; ihc Spaniards fay, that this
^^,,y occalioncd by the Spawn of Camarones, or Trawiis ;
which, tor any thing I know, may be a Miftakc. The
uxt Uay M""- '*>''«t""''^» tli^ Ship's Agent, took an Ac-
count of the Prize j and I ordered Mr. Hendrie, the Agent
tor the Owners to take an Account on their Behalf. The
Plunder wa'= ibid .it tiie Maft, by the Ship's Agent, at very
extravagant I'izis. Captain Betagb infifted pofitivciy,
that wlKir vcr was not entered in Bills of Lading, or put
on heard upon Freight, ought to be confidcred as Plunder.
Thii niiglit h;ive ou alioned very bad Ctmfequences, if I
had not^nterred them to their own Articles at St. Ca-
tharine's, telling them plainly, that they h.ul gone far
enough in thcfi', aiu! that they Ihoutd not extecti them j
upon which tiny acqualced, not a Soul feconding Captain
Betaib's Motion. The Account being taken, and Shares
cilcnlated, they demanded a Uivifion ; wliich I could not
rctulf : Accordin^ily each Man had, for Pri/.e-nioncy and
Plunder, alter the Rate of ten Pieces of Eight per Share,
in Money or Guods. On 'lie nth, at lix in the Mom-
ins;, we law tlie llland cf Juan Fernandez ; at Noon, the
Bfxiv oi It bore Well South-will, dillant live I ,eaj.'jiK s ;
Mcruluii Diltance trom Coneeption 275 Miles Welt; \'a-
f;ation,;)^r Amplitude, 6" 23 Kail: To the i jth, 1 kept
Ihniling oil and on the Shore lor my B(jats, which were a
fidiiii^, viho, not iiaving hith.rto lUu overed any Marks,
thn Capptrlon li.-.d been lure, fi lit the A/Vi ar>' ulhore to
ftop h'.r Leaks, while the Boats we emplo ed in catching
Filh, ot which we lalteil .is many as liiied live Punch; ons.
At length, going <>■: (horc to make a iiicT Search lor any
tliim; tii.u might inform us ol lomc Nt-ws of my Conlbrr,
i tomi- ot my Men .iccidentally faw the Wor.! Magee, which
Wiis the Name of Clipfertcn\ Surgeon, and C'.;ptain John
: cut (lit under it, upon a Tree, but no Directions l-.tt, as
;wa5.ig!fed on, liy h.m, in Ins Infiruetions to m- : His
[ Aduns Icing thus giolly repiign;'.i;' t(> his Inllructions, it
wastvidtni, lie never meant I lliouldevcr keep himCom-
[iianv, or join with him again. However, being l.y this
Icontirmei; in the (.ert.iinty of his Arriv.d in thole Parts, !
[directly niadi. the belt ot my W.iy tr(;m hence, I'cing, \\\i\\
[the ailciition.il Stock ot Fifli cavght hire, in a pntty good
IConditio.i as 10 Piuvilioii', aiut Iiaving all our Calks tilled.
lOn the J I ft, having a Defign t ) look into Copiapo, as I
Iwi-nt along-lhore, I Urt 'Wv.Dodd, fcond Lieutenant of
[Marnus with eight Men, a', a Keinlorcement to the A/er-
IfKrv's Crew ; and the next Kvenipg they Ktt us, llecring
^n lor tlu I .and, whilll 1 kep.t the t Jffing, to prevent our
*:m% dillovend trom the Sliore. I took care to let the
Jffinrh.ive aCopyot my d mmilfion, t"<;ether w:th all
neteilaiy ln!tru(^tioi-s-, and apiiointed the Muro, t/r 1 lead-
Viitet CepiapOy to Ix- cur I'l.iee of ir.eeting again : Tiieir
liifiiuf. was to look into the Harbour of tliat Place, wliich

i call'ii Caldera ; ni ar t > wI.kIi th;r.^ are Ibme (JoKi Mines,

nd trni whence they exix)rt that Maal in confideniHIe

Ji^uiuities, in fmall Veifels -, and the Menury had this .Ad-
jrantage, that, being built in the Manner o! the Country,
^ity eoi.ld luvc no Sufpiiion of her. The nt xt D.iy my-
elt in the Ship came in Sight of the I lead land ot (lopiapo,

n-l lay-to to the Si;uthward of it. that 1 might i-.cn be

erctived by the Port, which lies to tiie Nortliward. L}-
hg in this Puiliire overagainll a fmall llland, which lies

hw,iiT ilu M(>uth ot the River Cc!;;.J/>a, 1 fcnt the Pin-

u to hlh between the llUt ;ind the Continent, and (bon

fer law a Sail crouding t()w.irds us -, fhe at lirll appeared

I be i(K) big Tor the /V/,r.ttrv, but pravcd the fame. The

"fieer told me, th.it he h.id looked into the Port, but

Ril.i lee no Shipping there -, upon v/hieh I made hiin

nfible ot his F.iii,r, ai.d lent bun to the right I'laie,

hiih was alxjut fix Leagues to the Nortliward of us •, and

dend hiiiito l>c ready to lotjk into Caldeia by Day-light.

|h< Ml xt Morning, .is loon as tht y were gone, tlie l-'in-

t( tctiirned with nothing; but a li w Penguins, which tluy
taki n on the Hund, wiiii Ii a'xjunds with them -, the

foiury h.ul looked into tUc Caldera the next Morning,

Vl Uw nothing; luit, inltead of making ule ot the l^and-

lii.l to come off to me, they kept along Ihore, in the

It: 1111 o| the Bay, tJ! the Sea-bree/.e came in lb ftroiig,

lNe.Mii. \V.

20p

that they were very near lofing tlicir VcfTel on a l.ee-niorc»
and could not come to me till the Morning ; by which
they hindered me almoll a whole Day and Night's failing,
which was more than our Circumftanccs could difpenfe
with. On the 27th, 1 fent Mr. Brooks, the firft Lieu-
tenant, and Mr. Rainor, firft Lieutenant of Marines, to
relieve Mr. Randal, and Mr. Dodd, in the Mercury. I
had fitted her up with a Gang of Oars ; and, upon Trial,
they gained Way, after the Rate of three Knots, which
might render her extremely beneficial and ufeful to us in a
Calm. February 5. I difpatched Mr. Brooks ahead, to
difcover if there were any Shipping at Arica, in the Lati*
tude of 18° 20' South. The next Day, at one in the
Afternoon, (after having ranged along-fhore by the Breaks
of Pijagua, Camarones, and k'ilcr) 1 had a Sight of the
Head-laiid cf Jrica, and the Ifland of Guaio, with a Ship
at .Anchor on the Northern Side of it, and faw the Mer-
cury ftanding out of the Bay ; by which I judged the
Ship was too warm for her, and therefore made all polTiblc
Halle to get up to her with my Ship. When we came
into the I'oit, we found the Ship had been already taken,
and that the Mercury was accidentally adrift. This Prize
was callcLl the Rcfario, of the Bufden of one hundred
Ton, la 'en with C'oimorants Dung, which the Spaniards
call.d Guana, and make ufe of it tor manuring the Land
which produces the Codpepper, of which they make a vaft
Profit in the Vale of ,lrica. There was noi in this Ship
one white F'ace, except the Pilot, whom I refolved to fend
al1'.o;e, to fee if the Owners would ranlbm the Si\ip,
ktu wing that tiie Cargo was worth Gold to them, though
it w.is oownright Dung to us ; and the Event verified my
Coijefture.

10. The nc'ct Morning I received a Letter from the
Owner, wherein, alter infilling pitifully on his Dillrefs.ind
Poverty, as well .ns his having a l.:rge Family to provide
t< r, he proiiiitl-d to meet us at Hilo, or at S^iaco, in order
to treat tor a Ranlbm : I'his Letter wasfigned .^//fWi'/i^jVa
Gonzales. Si:on after, we took a fmall Veflel, ot ten Tons
Hunien, with a Cargo of dried Fifli and Guana, lying
within a Mile of the Town. By this Time all the adjacent
Country wis in .Arms, and drew down in great Numoers to
the Coall, well mounted and armed, and, to all Ap-
pear.ince, well dilciplined. However, to make Trial of
their Courag , and, ince.d, to give my own People
Spirits, by Ibewing th'.'m what fort of an Enemy they
had to contend with, I ordered the Mercury and
Launch to advance toward.s the Shore, as if I had re.illy
intended to make a Defcent, though the Landing-place is
altogether impraitiiabL- tliere, at leafc to European l''m-
l arkations. I iikewile eanrionaded the Town very brilkly,
and, tl;oug!i the Balls did not do Execution, yet they
ploughed up t!ie Sand before the Spamfli Line of Horfe,
and threw it all over them ; but neither this, nor the Ap-
proach ot my Small-er.ift, made any fort of Imprelfion,
I ut they lenuined firm, and (luweii, at leall, the Coun-
tenance ot as geod Troops as could be wifii^d for, to my
very great DiUppu'nt' leiit, fincc it (hewed my People,
that the iysw/arJj' were tar from being fjeh Cowards as they
were reprelented. The Merchant that wrote to me in the
Morning, came on board as (bon as it wa; dark ; and,
having Realbn to b.lieve him perfedlly honed, but
llrer.htened in his Cireumilancis, 1 agreed on relloring to
him his Ship, ami fix Negroes, for .500 Pieces of Eight,
with till', Rcle-rvation, that I would have every thing out
of her that miglit be ufeful to us. In Ihort, he was ll>
pundual, and lb expeditious, that at ten the next Night
he brought the Sum agreed for; i-iz. 1 joo Dollars Weglit
i;i Iny;ois of Virgin-filvcr, which the Spaniards call Pimuis,
and the rell in Pieces of Eight ; for which I re(t«red hiiii
his Ship and Negroes. This Gentleman made a great In-
ijuny AicT Englijh Commodities, and olTtred great i'riees
tor them, complaining, that the French only liipphed them
with paltry Things, and Iriilcs, for which liny ran away
with many Millions 1 and asked, Whether all the En^^hjh
Merchants were alleep, or grown too rich, fince, notwith-
llanding their Ports were .lot (i) open as in other I'.uts of
the World, yet they knew how to manage Matters very
well ; anil diat tlieir Governors, being generally Eurcptans,
whole Sray in the Countiy Itldom exceeds above three
J •! Years,

[ ^^W'^^'

■ W

■ f 1

I'll

The VOYAGES of

Book I. H Chap I.

Years, tlipy nuvV «fc of any Means toin^jirovc tluirTimcv
ami that tliL-rc were Ways ot gaining tlum lb tar, as lo
make thin 3(^1 very I'liiigingly: Miiih more he laiil, as
to the Hliniinefs of thi- Kiiglijfj, who had lulVcrccl tlie I'rfncb
rfdlars to carry un, uninterrupceil, the molt conrKlcrable
BrancliofComineice in the World. Bclorc he took his
Leave, he dt lind me to carry his Ship to Sea with me
two or tliree I,e.iu;ues, .md then turn her adritt : Tlie
Intent of whi.h was, to dceeive the (Governor, and the
King's OfTiters : And told nic lartlier. That it I would
meet him at Hilo, winch was about twenty-live Ixagucsto
the North-wcllward, he would jHiiehale what little eoarte
Mcrrhaiidi/e we h.id, wliirh might he done there with all
imagin:ib!e I'rivaey : 'l"he Mailer al!i' ol the fniail Boat
came olV ujion a IS.iTe, wliith is an -dd Sort ot I'.,iihark-
aiion, male of two large Scel-lkins, leparaieiy b|.)wn up
like Bla idcrs, and then made fall, and joined together
by Pieces of \V(kx! ; on this he brought off two Jars ot
Brandy, and forty i'lo'.es of L-'.ight, which, eoiilidermg his
mean Apixaraiue, was as much ?• ' ccuki have expected.
One I'.ut of his i'reight was valua^-le, whi.h was a good
Tareel ol' exceUent dry\i FiOi.

Captain lii:\i^l\ m his R. marks, is very llvrre

alinolt cv: ry one of t!.e

Tranftetioiis nientioneil

on
In

two lung I'.iia^'/.ij'hs he diteiuLs himkif Irom the Inipu-
latKjn ot Mutiny, by abfolutely denying the F.icts Mr.
^bchocke piouuees in Support of it. 1 le oblerves that
Captain Clippcrlon, during his Stay at the Llland of Juan
h-nmnJfz, did every thing that became him, in order to
feriir, the Compa.iy of his Conlbit, by butying a Bottle,
with InlbuCtions, .it tlie loot of the Crofs ' clcii on
that Maud •, an.l if this, by an unForelien, avoidable
Accident, was afterw.irds dil"co\ered to, and taken aw.'.y
by the Spaniarits, that w.is none ot Q'tppfrtcn's l-'ault ;
and, as ilu l-'.ici was ki-own to Mr. Sli-'vofie Ix-iorc lie
wrote, he t)iight to have forborne any RctUihons on th.it
Subject. i hen, .is to the Attaekon -//vcrt, he puts it in
this I.iglit : Ihe Captain, lays he, went on boani the
AlercKiy, iii.)mpanied by Mi. Sirxart, three more O.'ii-
cers lx.-lid s mvleli, and a icw Men , hiought the Speed-
'Xit and Mtriun\ Broa.i-fide to bear on the Town ; he
Iwgan to cannoiuile it, which really liad no other Kt!'ect,
than to Uaie away the Women and ChiUlrrii ; for the
Men, contrary to our l-.xix-ctation, aiTemblal on the nailed
Beech, and. futtdeniy erv.icda gom.! Hri- .ill-work ot Stoius,
and what Rubiulh tiiey could limi, gallantly '.landing our
I'ire ; but the Sv.cil giving us tome Motion, we could
not bring our Guns to bear, fo as to di:l(xige sny of them.
Mr.SheJvOiie, king tired v ith deilruying his .Ammunition,
Jeniis an /wi.'/Vw Pnfoner, under a Mag of I'niec, to lie-
mand of the 'Iowa wlut they would pleafe to give to tx
rid ot us ; .uid, tiioiigh he lays nothing ot this, the Indian
Icaj>t.d out oi the Boat, twnnnung through the terrible
Breakers, which ma it Landing there impollible, delivered
b's MelTagc, an.i returnetl faithfully the lame Way to the
Bo.u, with thiir Anfwtr •, v<z. 'I'lut they cared not a Fig
for any fui'. Jkrraihc, that is. Drunkard, the moll u>u-
temptuous Name they can make ulc ot. lipon which, our
Captuiii called lor his I'lnnace, and, taking Stnuari with
him, went alKiard in a IVt, but left the reil of us to un-
moor tiK- Mercury, and cany her out into the Road : At
his getting into th: Boat, the Inlubitants gave us a reguur
Hedge fire, ami three Huz/^s, or i lorfe-laughs. Ihe
NuiTiber of .'«>a';MrJ; whuh aflembled on th.s Occalion,
might tic about hve or fix hundreii. I: is cert.«n, that
thcic Ai.coan:s are \ rry difllrcnt, and yet I am very tar
from concejving them irreconcilcable. Mr. Baazh tells us
vrr) truly what he law, .and what his Opinion was ; but, as
loL.i\>idi\n Shdveclu''-\)d\ffis noUxiy lould let us into
th.tt bur hiinfelf ; a;-,d he owns it vny fairly i and, at the
fame time, Irankly acknowledges, that hi was dilap-
jjointed, and tliat the Spamarji Uhav td in a manner very
ditFeretit from what he exiK-Cted , i;. which his Anugoiiift
aitu agre-r, \Vc are now to ukc a \ icw of the I own ol
Artca, at the time thele ficnrlemcn wtre there, and, to
be fure, nothing is niou uklul, th.ui lueh an urate Dc-
fcriptlor.s, drawn by (-.ye witnellcs, i>tcauie they flicw us,
how Tilings alter in llut P.ut ol the Work!, and hinder
i'glkrity fruni tliiaking tlu'y are to lind every I'iate in the

South Sciis in the fame, or a better Situ.ltion» tlian itwj
fifty or an hunilred Yean? ago. '

1 1 , Ihe Port of Jrica, which was formerly lb famou,
for the great Quantities of Plate continually Ihippal of
there, is now much diminillial in its Riches, and apiKars
to Ix' no other than an Heap of Ruins, except the tluir ■
of St. Alnrk, and two or three more, which look tolcrahy
well : That which helps to make it look the more ilii'(ii„.
fol.ite is, that the Houfcs below are covered only \v,(|,
Mats. This Town, being lituatcd on the Fdge of ,1,^
Sea, in an opn Road, has no Fortification of any kind to
defend orcominantl the Anchoring, they thinking it mu.
cient, that Nature lus provi('t d tor their Security by (he
great Breach of the Sea, and the rtxk Bottom n ar the
Shore, which threatens inevitable Dcllriiition to an £■«..
peaii Boat, or any other Embarkation, but wli.u is ,^|,
trived for that Purpofe. To obltrucl the i.ani'in.' oi
Lnemies, the SpMiards had m.ide Intrenchments i|\,„.
burnt Jricks, and a B.ittery, in the Form ot a littlu I , ^
whieli ^'anks the three Creeks i but it is built i\'x:'\
wretchfil manner, and is now quite filling to Rum, lutiut
the fa d \'illage dclervcs nothing kl's than the Name ui j
llror^, I'lace, given it by /)<»w/)/V»-, Ix-caufc he wairepuiifj
there in the Ye:ir ibfio. I'h'- hngl'/h being convinu-,! of
the Hiflieulty ot landing betor ; the Town, laiakJ ^t lic
Cnek of Chiucla, which is to the Southward of ih- Head-
land, whence they marched ovir tlie Mountain to plurj..,
^^rica. The l''.arthqu.ikes, which are frequent tl.ctc, j;
La "uincd the Town ■, for what Ix-ars the Nameoi .>;j
at 'relent, is no more than a Village of abou. i,oh-
milies, moll of them Blacks, Mulattoes, and Jndi w, i-j;
but fc^- W hites. On the 26th of A'lSX/fW^^r 160;. tii: S;.;
Ix'ing agitated by an Larthijuake, fuddenly fioiKJul, ;-;
lx)re down the greats ll Part of it : The Rums 0; ;.-
Streets are to Ik fcen to tins Day, ftretching oi.t r,cir 1
(Quarter ot a League from the Place where it now iL
Wlut remains of the Town, is not lubject to iiki, .,
(idents, becaule it is leated on a little riling (irouii a:;-;
Foot of the He.id-land. MjII of the Houles .!:;.,,:
with nothing but Fatcines, ot a tort of Fktgs ui >,v(:j,
called Toiora, bound together. Handing I.ndw.iyi, ».;-,
Leather Thongs, and Canes, crolfing them -, or die tiicy »
made ot Canes lit upright, ami the Intervals hlled u)) »;i]
Farth. Ihc I'fe of unbuint Bricks is refcrvcti lor i^i
Itateliell Houles, and tor Chuiches -, no Ram filling A-r;
they are covered with nothing liut Mats, whicti initi
the Houfcs look as if they were Ruins '.*hen UlxJulMi
without. Ihe Pari (h church is handloii\e ciwHjg],, ixs^
dedicated to Saint Mark. There is a Mcnatlery u I'n
or figiit Mercenarians, an Holpit.d of the lliothcr^ a ,
John cf God, and a Moiiaftery of I'raiuijiah.', wiui »«
lommg there to fettle m the Town. Alter lu.. i; *
llroyin'. the 1 loufe, they iiad halt a (.^uarte; cl a lj.m
from It, though in the plcifanteU Pait ot tJie Vjf, e!
near the Sea. The Vale ol -frrej is a'jout a I.ragi:;' n ■,
nexi the Sea, alia b.irren Country, .xcept the Plaic*:-j!
the ol.i Town flood, which is divided into liitle Mcj.vr,
ot Clover-gr ifii, fome Spots of Sugar-canes, w;t)i 0„t:
and Cotton-trees mttrrnixed, and Marfhc. 'u'l ut ilv. ^^J^f
ufed, as above, to build Houfes. It is tlirull 111 to thcEi*-
ward. Ci'-owiiig narrower that Way, a Ix.igiie iij , a ?
Village oi Si. Mt(ha<l dt Sapa, where they h, gin :i.Ki
tivate the Agi, that is, Cuuiey Pepper, whuh is lu«:
throughout all the rell ot the \'alc i aiul there au l;vta I
fcattcred Farms, which have no other Piodin-'t I'ut ta f
Pepper. In that little Space of the Vale, wluil; i 1.'
narrow, and not abovi- fix Ixagues long, theyl, l..i"|
ol it totlR.\'alue(jf alwvc 8o,i)ooCrownJ. riu'i7»J'.' •'
Ptru are io adiiic'tcd to that Sort of Spice, tiut s.i-
drcfs nu Meat without it, though fo very ImX "iii
that then vs no iiuiuring of it, uiileli well ului tu it,
:is It tannot gn»w on the Puita, that is, the Mui,i!t-i
country, abundance ot .Merihants eonie down ever ^ Vr
and carry away the (/«/«fY I'epfxr th.at glows in tlkVi;,i5|
iiriid,Sama^ lurna, l.Oifinwii, and otheis tcnlxagin."i*'
whence it is rrtkuned, there is expiirted to the \ i:J« I
atujvc 6oo,£ji o Pieics ot Fight, though fold tlicij' l--' I
lideitng the .Snulnefs ot the Place, 1: ;s h.ud t> ''
thai fucli vail (ju.uitities Ihould gofroiu thence, lui,«|

■■■*l

Jul

CliJP I- Cciptiiln George SHfeLvocKii.

211

,tiii ' till' ^'•>'fs< ''"' ^""""7 '"* LViry-whcrc ft> parched fcrves to make Stuffs, Cords, and Sacks •, tlitir Bones are

^'^ tiut t'-K is no (jiecn to be iccn : TliLs Wonder is iifed to make Weavers UtenOlsi and, laftly, their Dung

Kkiceil by iiK'ans ot that Hial's Dunf;, which, as was fervcs to make Fires to clrels Meat, and to warm them.

...A h't\ox<:>

\ ,iil' 1" '^'■'' ' • . - .

t t- one ot all ^^^'' o' <•»••!'". VVhcar, buVian Corn, i^c. retorted every Year to /i'r/f j, to bring thither the Eurofean

bill l>
kiunv

ih bf'Ui^lit tVoin Iqutque^ and iertili/es the Before the lall W.irs, the ArmaJilia, a little l-'lcet, com-

i a iiuinnei, that it yifUls tour or five hundred poled of fome Ships of the King's, and of private Pcrfonsj

jII .Sons ot Ciiain, VVhcar, Indian Corn, Utc retorted every Year to /i'r/fj, to bring thither the Eiirofea/i

bit pirtieulariy the Agi, or 6"///'/7g' I'lppir', wiien they Commodities, and Qiiitkiilvtr, for the Mines of /,« /'rtz*

I ^^i^J, ),„\v to manage it right : When the Seed is fproutedj Oniro la I'ltita, or Cbuguizaio, Potofi, and Lipes, and then

• iiJ lit to be traiifplantcd, the I'lants are kt wir.iiinf;, tli.it earned to Lima the Kin{!,*s I'late, being the fifth of what

is i',.t in a llrait line, but like an S ; to the end that Metal is drawn from the JNlines •, but, fince no more Ga-

tii'i Dilpoi*ition ol the I'urrows, wliicii convey the Water kons came to I'orto-Bello, and tlie trench have carried on

tlieni, may carry it gently to the I'oot of the f'lants •, tiie Trade, that i'ort has K-en the inoft confiderable Mart

then they lay about each I'lant o( Gitiney Pepper, as mucjj of all ti.c Coall, to which the Merclunts of the five Towns

Ciiaiun Birils-duaj', above-mentiomd, as wiil lie in the at ove, being the richeft in Mines, retort. It is truej that

Hullow ot a Man s Ilantl : Whm it is m Ulotlom, tliey the Port of (,'£>/;//'« is nearer to /.z/>^j, and Po/uyf than /sWtrt-,

add a little more ; and, lalUy, when the I'ruit is formed,
till valid a gootl Handtul, alwa\s taking i arc to w.iter it,
bccaufe it ni-vtr rains in that Country -, oiherwife, the
Salts it contaiavd, not Ixin^ dillLlved, voiild burn the
I'huits, .IS has bjen found by 1 xpeiicncv'. Vvr this Keaf >n
it is Itid down at Itveral times, with a regular Manage-
mut, the N'eceflify whereof has lH;en found, by Vfe, and
the Dil^rmcc ol tne Crops iModuced. For carrying ot
tk Guana, or Uun(^, to the Lands, tluy generally at
/I'ruii niaiie Mt'e ot tliat .Sou ot litrle Cani'Is, by the In-
iwts ol Ptru, ci'iled l.ltimas ; by thcle ot C'ili, Chille
imcau: , and, by the !<pdiiiardi, Carr.tros de la Ticrra, iA
tht; Cuuntiy Sheep. I'Ikiv Heads are linall, in propor-
tiun to their lit)-ies, tt)niethin!j;reti.nibling bothan Horfe and
aS'iK-epMl^adithe Upper-lip, like ani lare's, iscklt in the
Middle, ilii"' which diey Ijii tin Paces lidin them againll
;iny tiut olU'iiil theai ; .;ni.l, if that Spittle t.ili:i on their
Faces, it mikes a rcddiili Spot, which is often loUowed by
anlnliii'.};: 'llieir Necks are loajt, bowing downwards.
Ilk. 'lie Camels, towards the Fore-p.irt i.t the Body, which
vuiild well eiiou|»,h relemlile them, if tiiey had a Bunch
ontlicH.n.ki I'he Figure I heie inleit, may ferve to ex-
bin what is w.iiiting in Deleriptioii ; their I leight is troin

but, being fij iKfirt and barren, that there is nothings
to le had tor Men or Muks to tiiljfi(l, they chufc rather to
go foiT.e Jjcapius hirthcr, and be lure to lind what they
w.iiit ; btfides that it is not a very difficult Matter for
them to Irint!; thtir i'lute tliither privately in the Mats, and
to compound with the Corrcgidors, or chief Magiltrates^
to five paying the Fifth to the King.

I a. As Ibun ;is I got out of the Road of Jrica, fays
Captain Sbelvocke^ I Ihapeil my Courfe for the Road of
////o, in Sight of which we came in the Afternoon, where
We law a large Ship, and riiree linal! ones, at Anchor: The
great Ship immetiiately hoirted />(f«f;6 Colours, and proved
to be the Wife Solomon, of forty Ciuns, commanded by
Mr. Dumain, wlio was now rclblvcd to protect the Veffels
that were witii him, and oblliuci. my coming in. It being
dark before J ( ould get into the Road, I fent my third Lieu-
tenant, Mr. La Porte, who was a Frenchman, to let him
know who we were ; but my OtHcer had no tooner got
into the Ship, than they tumbieil him oi;t again, calling
him Renegade I ;ind fent me Word, tiiat, if 1 offered to
aneiior there, they would fink me. Mr. La Porte, upon
this, told me, that, to his Knowledge, the French Sliips
had ojten taken Spontfli Conmiillion';, at Uich times as there

our Feet, to four and an half, i hey generally carry only \yere Lngltjh Cruifcrs on tiioli; Coalls ; as a Recompcnce

an iuiiid.icd Weight, and walk, holding their Heads up
witii wonderful Gravity :ind Majilly, lb regular a Pace, that
nu hating will make tliem go out of it. At Night it is
impoilibic to niake tluin move wilhtiieir Burle.i ; tiiey
lie down till it is taken oil, to ■',() anu graze ; their common
Food is .1 Sort of Grals lomewlut like the linall Rulh,
except that it is a little hr.er, and has a Iharp Point at
i the Fnd ; it is calleil Febo. All the Mountains are covered
: with neninn^elfe •, they eat little, and never drink, lb that
i ilv. y .ire Cre.itures ealily kept. Though they have cloven
! Feet like Sheep, yet tluy make uli of them in the Mines
[tocarryOre to the Mill : .As loon as kudeil, they go with-
out any Guide to the Place where they are ufeii to lie un-
Ijoad'.d, .Above the hoot they have a Spur, which makes
ithcii' lure-tooted among the Rocks, bccaufe they make
lufc ol It [o hold or hook by. I'heir Wool has a ftrong
jSctiit, ami even difagreeab'c •, it is long, white-grey
iRuifet, in Splits, and very fine, though much interior to
hhat ol the \'kunnas. 'I'he V'icunnas are fhapcd much
pkc the jMain.is, except that they are much Imaller aiul
Bighuri their Wool being txtr.iordinary Imail, and much
IValurd. They arc ibmetinus hunted after fuch a manner,
dtfcrves to be related ; M.my IiiJiam get together to
dnvetheni ii.to fume narrow l',.is, where they have mad,-
Lorc^j fall acrofs, three or tour leet tiom the Ciiouni,,
Switii Bits of Woul and Cloth hanging at chem , tiic \'i-
cimn».s comaig to pals them, aie to trighted at the Mj-
lion of di.te Bus ot Wool and I. loth, diat thiy dare i.ot
go any tarth-r, !o that they preis together in a ihron^^,
Uid then the /f(i,..,y kill tiieni with Stones made tall at the
ind ol Lcrdei 1 liongs. It .my < luaiMcos happen to be
lith tlmn, ih. ^ li.ip over the Cords, and thtn all tlie
l^kuinuis tbliow them. I'he Guiuiacos are larger, and
noif corpulent -, they are alio called V'llcaehas. Fliere is
m.thcr Sort ot black Creatures lik.' the Llamas, cdled
ilppgucs, wiiole Wool IS extraordaiary tire, but their
lx>'.s are fliorter, and their Snouts (ontr.ield. It; that it
|as lonie Refemlilanc- ot an liumaii (.oiintenancf. 'Fhe
•'ii make fcvoal Ul''< of tnele Cieatur-.s i they make
»Kmc?.riy a Burden of about loo Weight ; .tle.ir Wool

tor which Service, they had great Liberties allowed them
in the w.ay of Trade. 1 le fart!i; r aflured me, that he could
plainly lee, that Mr. Dumatn h.id double-manned his Ship
with die Inhabitants of the i'ov/n, who were partly French;
and that, in ihoit, he deiigned to be with me as foon as
the W iad came olf fliore. While we were talking this
Matter over, the Frenchnur. fired ieveral Guns at us, to
thew they were ready, and deligiud to be with us tjjeedily.
I mull confefs, this heated me m.t a little-, and the firll
thing that occurretl to mc, was turning the Mtrciirv into a
Firelhip, ; y the Help of which I miglit, without any great
Difficulty, have ruitled this inlolent Frenchman. But, rc-
flecllng on the Situation of Things at Home, and fearing
that, however unwarrantable his Conducf might be, my
attacking him miglit l)e rhouglu as uniutlifiable, I thciight
it bell to Hand out ol the Haibour, which accordingly I
did. On February \i. the Moi.ty of the Money taken nt
ylrua was divided amongll the Ship's Company, accoiviinj^
to the Number of their Shares. On the 221I, we found
ourfelves in the Height of Calao, which is the Port of
Lima -, \\\nn\ \ huh 1 lurled all my Sails, to prevent being
leen, rel()lving to g. t away in the Night ; Kcaufe, if ve
had been liitcoveied \vom thence, we were morally certain
of being purtued by lijiiieof the Spanifh Men of War that
are always in that I larlx)ia-. On the 20th, the Oliiccrs in
the Mercury defiring to be relieved, I fpoke to Cajnain
lialley, whole 'I'urn it was to conur,and her. As this Gen-
tleman had been tor a long time Pnlcjner among the Spa-
niards, he knew the Country perttcUy well ; and, ha\ing
travelled between Ltnia :>nd Payta by I and, he had ub-
lerved llvcral rich Fowns ; which put it into his Mc.-.J, that
fomething might Ix; made of cniiling along that Co^ifl, as
far as the liland of l.ohcs, whuhlies 111 t;:e Latitude of ;=•
South; and I, as it was vet y natuial tor nre code, aji-
provcd of this Prnpolition, the ratlur Ivcaufe ir was ex-
tremely probable they might meet with Ibine of the Pa-
nama Ships, which always tall m with the Land, in ord.er
to reifivc the B;ii('tic ol the 1 .ami Winds. As the whole
Ship's Company teemed to Ix- extrenkly il'.Hghted with
C.iptain Ha!lcy\ Project, I judgal it reejuifite to augment'
■ their

^*i^?

ipl

m. f

^^n|

HI l?i.? -

i MBH^JSf

-'%i

^^K;Jl

:.'Ml

■■H

K ^IJ

9Hk

■ P

t^^S f^

Vm'4 i

'^t ■ '

mi \

'ill

'■'

212

77;t' V O Y A G E S ^/

Book I.

their Complement oi Men, put a Month's I'rovifion on
bouril. moiinicd two Qii.irtrrilcck Guns on the Mrrairv,
lent Cjptain H.illn my I'itinacc, gave him a Copy ot my
InlhutJtionn •, thcugl* it w.is very hkely, th.it I Ihouiil have
frequent Sight oi the Meiiury, between the Time oi our
Sejxjration ami our lomin-j to the IlLuul ot l.ehos, where
was oi.r Kemtf zvous nnd not above lixty I xaj;u' s from U5.
As loon as every tiling was ready tor their Departure,
Captain Pr/a^b, whole Turn it wa-- to rdievc the marine
Officer in the Mmitn', k-ing i villing to go, went
amongll the People •, anvi, with a Irighttui Counti n.ince,
tolu them, that he, and the rell that w-.tc to go with him,
wi-reftntfor a Sacrifice. I'pon this, 1 adiln Hid mylcif
to the Ship's C(-nipany -, telling them, that I did not know
what this ungovernable Fellow iiuant by tliii IJproar -, and
appealed to tliem all, it' it had not l)ecii lultomary with
tnc to relieve (Iw Ollictrs in this manner, t\er (incc we had
this VetTcl in Company ■, and alked thtni, it tvir they
heard me call UjH-n any particular IVrlon by Name to go
on any Fntcrjiri/e, but Ittt it to every Man's C hoice to
go » ut ot rhi Ship upon any Sirvice ; and, in a Word,
liciirod to know who among tin m were ot Heta^b'-j Opinion :
Upon tiiis, tluy Willi one \'oice declarai, that they had
never enttrtaiiitd any I'uch Thought i bur, on the contrary,
1 ihould lind them olKdi;'nt to any Conunands I rtmulil
lay u^on them. 'I'his done, I ouieied the Mtrcury aloi'g-
ficlf, and acqiuinttd her Cn w with the Speech Btltr^b had
made in the Ship ; and dciirtd to know, it any ot them
Were under any Appiehenlions of Iv-ing lold or lacrifitid :
t\l which tlii-y It t up M\ I lu/./.i, andbe^iged thatthey might
go 'in the intended Crui/t in tir- Mircuiy. Accordingly,
iu:;ley ai'd Bfttigb went on boanl ol her, ami put oii Irom
us, gave me ti.nc Chear«, and IbKxi right in tvji the land.
I think it will not b)c altogt titer impiop.r to take notice
01 their IVoieidinp alter th y liit me, as I have hem m-
formrd by then-iklvcs and by 1 nlonerr. •, i-rz. I he very
next Day tiiey took a Hnali Baik, iadt a with kite, t. hoco-
l.it:-. Wheat, Fiuur, ts'i. and ttie Day lollowmg ;intit!iei ;
on the 4th Day, t.hcy Ix-came Mallns ot a Ship ot n;.tr
ioo Tons, i-.o,ocot'icccsol Light. Flulhc-d with this
Sutcels, Bttafih prevailed on Hatley, and the grcatrlt Part
ot the Peopl • w;th thetn, not to |oin me again -, telling
them, that thty ha: f'utft^^ieiu :o ap|>ear like Gentlemen as
long as tlicy Iw d, but that it would Ix i,( thing when the
OwikT!. Parti Wire taken out, and the RcinainUer divivlr.l
into 5CO Sha.vs : And therekrc he thought, lince Fortune
liad l)ecn lo kind to them, tluy w<;uii.. be highly to blame,
it they did not lay hold ot t!i s Op|K'rtunity ot going to
India; lincc tluy had I'roMlions, ,u,i\ every tlung they
lou.d wilh tor in th.ir Voyage, and tin Happirids^ ir.t«)
the Bargain, ot having a Gcotlcmuii amonutt them, Cajv-
tain liailfy, w.'io was, ihuinitis, able to lomtuct them t->
tome Part ot tlie CVaiis -J .i/i,i. 'L.Mi. a-as fiwn re ii.lved
on, and th:y fell to l.eewaru ol the Place ot Kndi .-voiis.
ikt /Jatify, !ighi!-.g wit. in lumicit the \ii\ k'un, ai-!<'
the iiiaf.y Ha/aj.'soi the I ndfrtiik.n';, atul knowini; wrll
what Ircatnn-, t he rti -uld lind in y««w, )i his Tn.'cHrry
w;ls diltovii \<, couk >«t rcaiiily dcttrn.iiK what l.e h*.!
Ixft d,o in thi '..ale, b t kept hoviring on the Coalt ; ..mi.
m the Intcnn , tome ot his t rew Nk -h away with his Boat
to lurremkr . H.i.Klves to the Fnemv, raih'T th.in be tor.-
ccrned in fuch a piratK al Action. But ht.'agh ami his
(iang Ihll kri t Jl.nity w.irm in Liquor, .iiul, m tiie F.nd,
iirought liim u. a tixt Ktli,lut;on ot leaving thele .Vas.
Hut IK) louiier lull t.'i; y tlapprtl then 1 lelm a weather, tliaii
they taw a Sail Handing towards thetn, which, in Ihort,
pro-.v.l to be a ^^pani/b Man ol Wai, who caught them,
-ml Ij^il'ii tJjeir iiidia \ oyag;-. 1 he Kn^IiJh wiu trraced
very inditierenti , -, but Betuxb, wiio waiol their Kehgion,
and ot a Natio.i winch thi spamarJ> ^n- very tond ot, was
made an UlVKtr, and utld very ret'p. ctluiiy. t)n the 2(>th,
in the Mo.T^iii^:, we faw a Sail at Andior in the Koad of
Guamhiuo ; jt ii, wf i ame up, and atK liorvd al-n^-tidc
ol her : Ittire was no ixxly on b<jaid ot her but \>m,fndian
Men and a Boy : She wis eallcd tin (Mrmit/ita, ot alxiut
iCHJ Tom, and li.ui nothing in her but a little 1 inibcr
tiom G'ft/.;yftf;, lioin whenie ihc lately came. iS ■ Mw I'ri-
fomn. I was ii,loimcd, tliat there w.is a rich Ship in t)!-:
C.-VC ot Vayia, who put m there to repair lomc Damages

flie h.id furtaincd by a Cialc of Wind : ITjwn which I Jn,
mediately went to Sea •, but, in purchafing the Aiiehor th
Cable [wrted, and I loll it I took my Prize with mc,' i
Ixing new anil well-titteil, and like to lail well : I cj||J
her the St. Dif.iJ, and dcligned to have made her a com.
plere Fin lliip as li.on as the Mrrenry joined m, who hiJ
Mat( rials on lioard of her tor that Purjiofr. The next D
1 looked into Cliaipe, from whence I chafed a finaij VcuJ
ot whuh when 1 came within half Cannon-ftiot, tlieCrtw
ran heron lliore. The next Morning, f'ndingmyfill'jnti,
NeighlKHiihood ot the Illand ot Lctes, where I hadjn
pointed our Rendezvous with the Mercury, I (^^t y
Randal!, my tecond I-ieutenant, afliore, with two Lcttfj
in two Bottles, direding Captain llallty to follow us-
yVn7</, towards which Port I now made th^ bell of ni
Way •, and, on March 8. found myfcit bifore it; andi'rr
Mr. Ali/w,/.?// to look into the Cove, in order to hri-ii ru'i
.Aciount what Ships were there, that we might know wim
to think ot the Iiiti)rmaiioii we had received.

There is fiarce a Circumtlance in all ilijs Account, whid
Captain Bf/ngb ik^a not only difputr, but deny, 'as',
thi- AUnury, o;i board which rh>.y wcie fnt to cruilc •■»
ol-Urves, th.it Die was a flat Ixittonied VelFel, that wliiiii
n( ither row nor fail, and, in Ihoit, an abloltite l.ightr
He liiys next, that the Courl'e they were dircdtcil to W
was exactly in t!ic Tract of the F.nemy ; fo that he rcA
judged It to lie the Captain's Delign he ftiould b<- takm
And he likcwik- adir.its, that, ujxm his hinting tim to the
Puller, Captain Shdvnh c.M<.:\ up all Hands, and ci|.
courted them in the mam cr bttore iiiciitioncd. With rr.
gard ro I'rizts, hr admits the taking of two, one a Ra-1;
the otluT an old i:ngl:lh Pmk, bound from Aiv.-iwj J
Lima , whuh, ntllcad c-t having 1 50,000 Dollars on board
atierthey had - x.iminal her v<ry ck)klv, did not artrj
to h.>ve on Kiard her to much .xs a linpje' Half rown", i^,-
Vellel N.mg (xnmd in her HalLiI^ with a fnia.l Parc'ri rf
Pedlar./ Ware trom Pananm to Lima ; whereas, hu: :h
i^-en going from / ma to Panama, th,- might protially C-
lud a confider.ihlr Sum on Ixwrd. V\ e went into this i'r-
immnjutcly, le.iving only .1 Hand (;r two to takeur'e
tiir Mtr.ur., lays Captain //.7//,7 ; .md we were foonr-
taken bv on,- of the Spamjh Ctiiifers, railed the Hri.:x,
ot thifty Guns, as we were plying between /.ciojan Qk
Bhna, having been twice on Oiore in this Ifland, v ■ '.•
In ing able to di!c!>ver any Signs of our Captain'-, , ,. '
i)cf:i tlnre, much leli, meeting with any Intlrudicns;
him at l',nta. As to the [Krtu.iding Capt iin liatity :,b
to India, and all t.'iat dejicniS uj-on that '^tory, C.i'a-
Haagh denies it utterly; art=riTis, that, though !-'»,
brought up a P.ipiil, he Iviamc a I'rotelhnt fo II.0;. a< .
cinu- to Yeats ot Dili rerion •, that he never was ir it
:-panilo Service ; tho' he owns he was very kindly tr-..' :
by l>on Ptdro Midranda, Admiral ot the South .S(a<, ■
.iicount ot Mr. Mfia^^b\ having fome Knowled-- -.• \-
Cbarits Ifagt-r, to whom Don /V./rv thought hiii.u:: -i
Celiive'y obliged. As the Auth')r nt this Hiil.,r>, ! :
not pretend to enter at all into the DifrulT^.n c! r.-.:
Poii-.u : 1 only rejHtrt Fafh as 1 tint! them, and kiv :
mtialy tu the Kva^ler's Judginei^t, \,ho was, anilwii).,.
noi, in Fault. I p-roc-eed now vsirh the Voyage, a^ :: •
prefented by Captain Sbelvede, whom wc left hc4i.r,^.,
lor Pay 1:1.

I ]■ On the lift, lays he, I came within fevi.i L.f.f •.:
ot the Place ; and, lleering dir^ ctiy lor it, entered -' .- (
ot Pd\u aliout tour in the Attenioon, «.th FrndK
there being a Imall Ship in the Haibour, of wh: ;V
Hreoki, my 'irtl L.ieutena- t, foon Ixiame Mall.:, :-
1. nt in With the l.aun h wtll manned tor that lMr:»
About 7 ill the F.vening, I ca.me to .-in Anchor .li.x i:: :.
<juarters of a Mile trom the 'lown : 'I'he takirg.t/';
being III the Si heme ol out Voyage treated as a Mitt;/
great Importance, I confoltrd my OfTiiets i^nverning-
propereft .Methods u! doing it. 1 lie Town appcaic-l :.
inditlcrcnlly laige Ai\i\ fiopulous ; .uid it was verv ^rur.r
there might be lome f^iul Fur.cs, to detetid a I'licc
well knowii as tins, whah is the Rrndcv vous ot St:
coming tioni Panama and Cjlao : I lowcvcr, I l.iiu'i ' '■■■
toity-lix Men dt iwoot theCl'^k t'.etux. Mornir.., ..^
ing Mr. (^.Jf*:, the MalUi, ai.U lu^Mt or.t.'s, nu;"^ v

>'^n

>ym ft;':

1 ■#'" "

Jook I.

which I in,.
Anchor, the
"i'h mf, 0,5
'■11: Icillrd
'■ her a com.
IS who hii
'he next Djy
finall VclTcl,
It, theCrw
myrdt'inthc
re I hadjp
I tent Mr.
I t*o I,eitKj
follow us to
^ Ixil of my
■ it ; and I'm:
to brn;; i.s ai
lit know what

TOUP.t, whicll

ifny. As ;o

to cruilc, h:

:1, that wtuU

)ltitc l.iiihtr,

C(fte(l tu lliTT,

that he rtijy
iild tx- laktn:
ing this tu iht
anils, and oil-
•A. Wifhrf.
3, one a Ri:l;,
'.n Piiimj u
>llars oPi bwrii,
did not app-i-
alt'-rrown, ihf
fniall Pa:cf! c!
icrcas, hu; !ls
t proi-utly h;V"
: inty this 1':^-
to take ( arr c
were foonaltt
1 the ftri;.;j»;,
Lcbm ap.' Cw

llanii, v ■

iptain'', I
iructicns ij -.'.

!\ //ii/.'rt to p
tory, CiittJ

Kiugh \- «u

,t f)!""-

■( r was 11
kindly tr-'it.-l
lUth S(..i<. :

[wk'ii;;" ',' \'

|;l\t hm.i. ; t(
llill,r\, !:>

j(r.. n I'l tv.:
and k iv .;
aPvl w:'.i''«

lagr, as:t->^

licit bfiij.j.?

I fi-v. n Lcf-t: j
Itrred •' c ( '"
Frtnib^ -'.
(cl whs; :•. Mi

Mall.r, L..:^

that lMr.f.1'
Ihor ahrut '.'•-
lakirp "I /'?l» I
Ijsi Mimri
lur.vcrr,;r.g-
L^l'caicii-jJl
v( rv [ roiiit I
|t!-,d a I'lifc '.

, voiis of Ship j
|, 1 lam't-; *3

^lornir.o.ia'M

Chap. T» Captain George ShrlvT)cke.

look after the Negrocj wc had, who ought not to be tnifteil
with the Sliip by theinfelvea, but alio to bring the Ship
nearer in, that we might the more expcditioully embark
whit Plunder wc might get. Being now afhore, I marched
up to the great Church without meeting any Oppofition \
and, indeed, found the Town intirely deferred by tlic Inha-
bitants, At Day-light, we &w great Bodies of Men on the
Hills on each Side ot us, who, lexpeftcd, would have paid
iis a Vifit, but founil, a» wc marched up the Hill towanis
them, wc diove them before ut. All this time, we took no
I'lifoner.s, except an old Indwi and a Boy, who told me.
Captain Clifftrloa had been lierc, fome time before, to fet
Pnluners afhore i who affured them, that he would do
them no Ii.jury, nor give them any Trouble. But the In-
lubitarts, not thinking fit to truft him, had removed their
Efficks up the Mountain"!, amongft which was Part of the
King's rnaiure, amounting to 400,000 Pieces of Eight,
wliitli would iiavc l)trci) a fine Booty, had Captain Clipptr
ttn thought lie to have accepted of it ; fincc it is cert.iin,
he would have met witii no more Difficulty in fiibiluing
this Plate, than 1 did : But fuddenly, upon hearing; a Gun
fired, 1 halted i and. Word being brought me, that the
Ship wj- alhon , I hurried off with fome Precipitation,
arrying with us the Union Hag, which I had caulcd to
be pLintcd in the Church-yard cvi-r fincc Suii-rifing. A*
wc re eiiibarkeil, the KiRiny came running down the I lills
hallowing alter us : When I came on board, I found her
ijitirdy Mlluat, but within her Bicadlli of the Rocks 1 the
Water being Ihiooth, 1 loon w.u^ied her off again ; after
which, w. itiurnotl to take PolIcfTioii ot the iown in the
manner uc luul done bilurc-, and the ^/w»i<Wi/j as peaceably
reiircd up the 1 lills again. But tins. Accident being hap-
pily ovci, the Rtmauider of the L).iy was I'pcnt in Ihipping
oft' what I'iundsr we h.id got, which confillcd in Hugs,
Fowlr, brown ami white Calavances, Beans, Indiim Corn,
Wheat, I'lour, Sugar, and as much C(jcoa-nut, as wc
[ were abk to dow away, with Pans and other Convenicn-
Icies for preparing it \ lb that we were luppiied with Break-
[faft-meat for the whole V'oyaj^c, and full of Provilions of
I on; kind or odjer. In the Afternoon, there came a Mel-
fengir to know what I would take tor the Ranliim of the
j'l'own .ind Ship •, to whah I ant wired, that I would have
|jo,ooo Pieces ol I'.iglit, aiu! tholi' to be luid witliui twcn-
V liur Hours, if he inttadeLl to lave the Town, or Ship
either. At i;j;iit, the next Morniny, 1 received a Letter
jlroni tl;c Governor, fignilyin;;, tliat, as I wrote in French,
'uitherhe, nor .my about lum, ciaiKI undcrlhnd tlie Con-
Wtsi but, if I woukl let liiir, Know my Demands in Lmiii
h: Spaniili, 1 (houki not fail of a latisf.ictory Anfwer. In the
,j\':r:m<in, I I'-nt one ot the Quoiter-iieck Guns alliore •,
kluch, l/iinj^ inouniii! at our Ijiuid, was fired at Sun-iet,
lidnigl.', and Bn.ak of Day. 1 he next Morning early
he MefTrnger returned, and brought with him the Captain
W tile Ship I lud taken -, and, as loon as I had heard of
heir Arrival, I went on llioro to know what tiiey had to
liofc. I very Toon uiulerllood !r.)iu tlieiii, that the Go-
lf " ir w.is determuud not to laiiloin the Town at all
'I 'Its i .ii,d that he did not care wliat 1 did to it, providcil
V liiiuhri were not burnt ; To which I aniwered, that
tlhouki lavi no Regard to Lhurches, or any thinj; tile,
Hien I let the Town on lire \ though, in l.ict, I never
|<li:^:ied to ileflroy any I'l.ire toiifccrated to Divine Wor-
As for the Laptain ot the Vcffel, 1 told hiiii plainly,
il he did not ranl'om her immediately, he iiiiglit cX|>eCt
f her m Flames. This lecmed to make as great an
Nipi li;:'n upon him as I uclucd , and lie prounled, in
H.>urs time, to be down witbi the Money. As loon
I iiaw g ven chefe People the Hearing, I caulcd every
i'b '" b ciken out ot the Town t.'jat coula be of any
to us , and, when thn was dune, 1 ordered it to b-
on Fire in two or three Places at once 1 and, as the
f'S were old and dry, th:; PUce became ,i Bonhre in-
In ttic midfl ot this ConfJagration, the People on
triy Ship maiie co.mnual Signals tor inc to come on
. Mid k.-pt lirmg p-rpotually tosvards the Mouth of
HadxKir, A"* I cculd only guels, from :*^e('e A;pcar-
i, ^hat fometliing extra-^rdinary had happc led, the lolc
hii' ! -ft \:,T iiic to take, was tv get on bo, id as l«vn as

ntiv

21J

I could, whicii urcordingly I did, in a Cancc, with only
three Men rtboord with me.

14. It was evident enough to me, before I reached my Ship,
what hail thrown my People into fuch a Panic ; for I faw
a large Ship lying, with her Fore-top-fail a-back, with her
SfMHiJh Flag flying at her Top-maft-hcad -, at which Sig'it
two of my three Men were ready to faint ; and. If it had
not been for my Boatfwain, I doubt whether I fhould have
got on board the Ship. When I looked back to the Town,
I could not hell) willting I had not been fo hafty, fince, hat!
the Spamft) Admiral adted with Vigour, he had taken the
Ship long enovi :^h betbic I could have gotten on board. In
Jullice to Mr. Coldfta the Matter, I muft obfervc, that he
fired lb fmartly on the Spaniard as he came in, that he put
him u|H)n taking tholi; Precautions, which, had he known
our Strength, were very unneceffary •, and, as this took up
Time, it gave me an Ojnwrtunity of coming on board. In
tlK! mean tiim', my Oinccrs afhore were fo unwilling to
leave behind them a Gun w; h.id mounted in the Town,
that they Ijiont fo great a Space in getting into the Boat,
that I began to Ix; much afraid the Enemy would have
attacked us, helorc the Launch could have rowed aboard.
But he w.is not in liich an Hurry, thinking th.u I could not
well paft by him, and therefore fulfer'd my Men to come
off, who were alwut fifty in Number ; but was within Itfs
than Pillol-lhot of us, before they had all got into the Ship.
Upon which, we cut our Cable, .nnd, our Ship tailing the
wrong Way, I had but juft Room enough to fall clear of
him. Being now dole by one another, his formidable Ap-
j)earance fbuck an univerliil Damp on every one's Spirits.
Some of iny People, 111 coming off, were for jumping into
the Water, and iwimming alhore, as fome aftually did;
But now, when they law a fine Europe-h\i\\t Ship of fifty
Guns, the Dilproportion was li) great between us, that there
could be luj Hopes of elcaping him, being under his Lee.
1 endeavoured to get into Ihole Water -, but he becalmed
and confined me tor the greateil Part of ain Hour, handling
me very loujdily with his Cannon; but made little Ufe of
Small-arms. He never hatl Patience to let us be quiet along
his Side ; but, whenever lie was re.idy with his Fire, he
gave his Ship the Starboard-helm, to bring as many of his
Guns as he could to Ixar on us, .ind, at the lame time, kept
me out of the true Wind. We made the briikell Returns
we eoulit ; but the Misfortune was, that, in the precipitate
Confulion in getting off from the Town, mofl: of our Small-
arms were wet ; io that it was late before they were of ar.y
Ule. I'here was, tiuring this, a confufed Scene afhore, of
the Town on Fire, and the People, who had flocked down
the ( lills to extinguifli it, fome of whom anfwered the End
oftlieir coming, whilll others were employed in b;i)' 'ting
the Engap,; nient. I was long in Defpair of gettiric away
from the SpanuirJ, and could torel'ee nothing, b.r, rnzt we
lliould be torn in I'ieces by him, unlets we had an Oppor-
tunity of tiying our Heels with him whilll our Malts were
Ibandiiig. 1 expected every Minute diey would board us ;
and, u|)on hearing an I lullowing amongll them, and their
horecdtle lull ol Men, I concluded they had come to a Re-
lolution of entering us; But 1 prcfently law the Occafion of
ihcle Acclamations was, their having Ihot down our Enlign-
flaff, upon whicli the y were in hopes we had Ihuck ; bu; I
luon undeceived them, by Ipirading a new Enlign on the
Miien-lluowds ; upon Sight of which, they iav as fnug as
beloie, and held their Way chile on our Cic'arttr. Intend-
ing at lall to do our Bulinefs at once, they clapi^d their
lielm artarboard, in order to bring their vvhoL Broadfide
to point on us ; but their Fin; had very little F.ffeft, and it
muz/led themli-ivcs ; which gave us an Opportunity of get-
ting away Irom them. This was certainly a lucky Elcape,
alter m\ iMiga^ement tor about three (ilalTcs with an Enemy
lo much luperior ; tor he h.id hlty-lix duns, we but twenty
mounted, they had .v'o Men, we, on our Parr, tlid nor
exceed Ic-.enty three, and eleven N ^■..>cs and two Indians
incKided in that Number: He had lurther (his valt Odds
u-er us, of ficing in a fettled Readincis, whilll we were in
the Utmoll Dilbaaion. Add to all this, our Small-arms
being iifelcls. by king wet ; and, in the Middle ot the
Engagement, Oncrt'iird of my People, inlte.id of fightinji,
were Tiaat at Work lu nuke a further Preparation for an
. 1 oblbnatc

!"?f''iii,i 1

f\'4' h..

-%ii[

!' .4^

!t' '

1 *:

: ft

214

obftmatc Refiftancf i particularly the Carpc.*«r, and his
Crew, wire bulieil in makini; ForH tor Sicrn ciiale (juni,
which 'as it iuptirncd) wi made no U-e of. Yet wc were
not iltogcthor unhurt i the l>oft ot i»y Boat and ArKlwr
was irrciarabJi-, an(l may tx: faid to be the Caule ot that
Scene of Trouble, wliich loilowwl i for wc had now but one
Anciior, tliat at PayUi Ix ing the third wc had Wl •. and were
intirely dcftitutc- oi a Boat of any kind. 1 have bscn lince
informal, tliat wl' placed fomc Slwts very well, and that
we killed and woumletl fev^ral of the tncmy.

It is tt very different Account that Capt-im Btlagb givesol

ne VOYAGES of

l^ook I. I Chap. I.

all View» on the Town ot Cuia^.', where I propofrdtn
lave made an Attempt, having certain Intelligtncr, ihi
fevcnd Ships of confiderablc Value Uy in that Rivtr, h,
ilint of the Kmbar^ which, if I had been better provid J
wouki, in thii Catc, lave done me a Service. In this Si'
tuation, I callal my Officers together, to let them kiww
that it was mv Sentiment, that we had much brtt.r go ^
Windward, tincc, infpitc of all their Emburgoes, tht J»,.
mariL muft carry on their Trade with O/ili \ after which, |
pro'wled warerini^ at 7'm" ttrnandn, and then rniif;ng nu
the 'whole Sealon on theGwir/f/»M, y*lp4raif», and G^w^,

fiy .,.„• J

Ship. Inlltav! of iilty-lix Ciims, he infifti, Ihe Ci»rrii\l but
forty ; and. mlltad ot 4^0 Men, he is dear, that 350 were
the mod tliat ever were on Uuid, and thele I'uch a njixt
Crew of igi'.or^nt Wrctdui, that twenty exixrt Seamen, in
his Op:nlo;:, lu.l been more than a M.itth lor them. As
for t.'ie Cu ii:,„.ii.ii.r, lonunued he, wliom Captain Sbthttkt
^iils an Ao.nii.il, he w;is a CraliM, a inae Irclh-waf.T
\Ia:>, who never law any Action U lore : And, as lor tlie
Pcopk ai.oard lim, tiic)- were conij)cltd of Negroes, .Vk
fltios, an.i Indtcn:; iMilid-.-s wbicli, there were not above a
.lozrn whit'j I'aus ir. all : For this Ship was defiKncd to
carry the latr Viceroy I'rince Siinto Jiutno, his l-'amily, and
Rct.nue, to Jdtpulu -, bu', in the mean tiiue, being or^liTcd
a ftioit CruiZi- o.i tne Co..rt, ftie laiUd 1'.. heavy, di..t the
»'/<»«;.:, Jj nevcir exi>ecti.d ll\e wouiil be ol any L'te againft
t!ie Englijo I'livateers, anJ, tor tliat Kcaion, put all (heir
ablebodied Men aLxxird tlic other three C ruilers the /.ele-
riiiy Brilliant, iui.i Sai i'VaiutfiO, whuli were light Siiips,
and goixl Sa:l4>r!.. 'ihe i'(r(j;n»e was lo unable uikI unwill-
ing too, thut, it (lie ha.l not found the Sptfdu'tl m I larbour,
(h'.' woulil iKVer iiave luiloweii her to Sea i for it was re-
Liteil at l\t\ta, tiie iirlU'i:e from the .V/Vf-i/ifW terrilieit the
Enemy lb very much, that they could not tell whether they
were diad or alive. They all immediately ran from their
Qiiartcis, ..1! the very .Stcerfnun, who had the Helm,

rted It i 1 "j thai the S!up, which was then tlofe-haled
ding in, c.\mt with her Heaillails in ihe Wind, and
muzzleii htillit , that is Ihe lay bobbing up and down, with
her Sails napp;r.g againll tiie Mall \ nor could it be oUier-
wile, \siicre there vere only a lew g(Kxl Officers among a
mere .Mob of black People, Icarcd out ot their Wits. The
Comn.anJer, and hii Oilicers, did all they couU to bring
thcin to their Duty : Tii' y beat them, fwore at ttKm, and
piiCr.'.J them m the bu;tocks : But all would not ilo -, for
the poor Dcv.h were rtloivcd to !« in^htened. Moll ot
then rail quite down intotlie Hold, while others were u|ion
their Knees, prayjiig the S.unii tor Ueiiv-raiKC. The ^petii-
'Mtl dul not fire .ibovc cigiit or nine Guns, and, ;u thrlir
were loand lullkicnt, Ca{>tain Sbthake luui no Occaiion
to wade his I'owiler. hut it is plain trie Peregrine might
ealil; have iu,i hini al>o.u-d, it there had been but a few
good Seamen to tlanl by die Bowlins and Braces. How-
ever, this I'anic ot ttieirs gave SMtede a tair Opporturiitv
to get his Menabau-d, cut his Cable, and go away nght
•tore the Wind. Ilus, he allures us, was the Trut.h ol
the .Maittr. But to return 10 the Captain, and bu Rela-
tion :

15. In the F.vmmg, I, with muchaeio, llippcd away
from the Briiiuni, tae Admiral's Lonfort, on board of
which was betaxi.\ wliodcfir-d he might have the Honour
to boar.l me full -, and this tfiapc I made with IJiftkuky
enough, and f<Hi.i<.t myi>!t. w.v.n at i^tberty, in a very \n\-
comturt.iblc Coniiit.on-, t'.; wc had not the kail Hupej
now, or ar le.ill any ( ert.i.nty, ol mrprin|.', with the SudK';
lo tlvat wc had htticGi)Lnit<- expert tro! 11 Iricndi, Astoour
Enemies again, I was intotmrd at Payta, that tliey had laid
an lunbargo ot live or fix Months ■, lo ihat wc had nothing
to expect on that Side. :\ third Misfortune was, that 1
law our I'ri/.c, whuh I intended tor a F.'ielhip, taken by
the BrtlUant \ antl therefore liad .dl the Realon in the Wwld
to exjjcct, they ha»J prrftct Informition ol ail our Dcilgni.
.iklet to thele Mifchiefs that I Jiad but one Anchor, and
AW Beat it all ; ai.d it will i.^^t be wonJerca, that 1 gave up

(.ofuimiv. This being univcrUlly approved of, wr got ,,
Tacks aboanl, and ftretcltctl to Wiiuiwartl. My Intrntirn
alter this, was for the Coallof Me\ico, there to run lothj
i Itight ot the 'Tres Marmt and Califtniiiy as the nK«l
likely fLurt to meet the SHCdji \ b<»th of which PLkq
would have b -en commodious, the firft for faltinp; TurtJM
ami the lall lor VV<x)jHig and Watering. 'There I (lio,j|,i
alio Ik rea<ly in the Sealon to he in the Track of the At),,/^
.•^h p , whicii if 1 Ihould have the l-'tirtune to meet, 'haviw
a I irelhip/ 1 would have tried what I could have done »!ili
her i but, it I lould not luve prevailed, I muft liavc cw.
tenicd niyfrlt 'vnh cruiling on the Peruvian Ships, whidi
bring Silver to .iuipkU*, to pure hall- the Indian in<\(^.
nrje t ommiKiitii s, which the Manilla .Ships hri.ng thit||,r
On the lOih, wc Iccured our Malls, and bent a mw Su;;ci
Sails, and llocxi to the .Southward, expc^ing to g.un gu.-
I'alfage in about live Weck^. The Day after, t.ic t jrpm-
ttr b«gan to buiM a Boat to water the Ship. On the jif,
a.s wc were pumping the Ship, the Water came out nt at
Well, iu)t only m a greattT Quantity than utii.il, butai
as black as Ink , which made me judge, that fome \Vi:t
came at (Hir I'owdcr-, an»l accordingly, going mtr m
I'owiUr-room, I heard the Water come in like a littif .SIuk;,
which had quite ljx>iled the grcatcfl Fart of our hvh,
fo that we only laved the Qtiantity of fix Barrels, wlirf.i
oTtlered to be (lowed away in the Bread-room. It pirjai
(jod, tiiat we had fair Weather •; otherwife it wotld (ui;
been an harti Matter tor us to have kept ourf Ivts I'w;.
water. We fi.und the Leak to Ix- on the Ij.'boaril ficr,
under tiie lower I heck, ot the 1 lead, cx'cafioneel hy aS-j, I
which iud l<x!gi\l tliere -, which, (idling out, left Rtx)mf;t
a Stream ol Water. We brought the .Ship by the Sttr.
and, with great Pilnmlty, tlop(x.d it fecurcly. At ei |
tune, we had a luge StcKiv of I'rovifions, ami rveryor:
lived as well 1.5 he coukl have svidied, each .Man IuvljiI
Qiurt of L luxoLite, anil three Oiincrs of very go.>^ R' fi,
tor breaktall every Moniinp;, and frc(h Meat or irtlh !■ 1
tv<ry Day, ot which wc had I'uch a I'lenty alxjiit the '^xA
that wc coiiki almuft always take our Choice of niilphsi
.Aibmtfe. On May wc made the Wcftermoll ul a
Ifandb ot jkiin h'(rniit<dez, the Boiiyori: dicing Northd!
by North, ilitlant twelve leagues-, and, the Pay .iltrr.a:
Carpcnttrs completed the Boat, which would carry rrtrl
Ho^lhcads On the nth, wc (aw the great illi^iil
'Juan Fern iindfz, bearing Kail !ulf South, by Ohffnjusl
the Hotly ol it lying in the l.Jtitudc of 33° 23 South .u
jcylul Sii!ht af t(ut time, tho* fo unfortunate to u^rt'
wards. In Captain iS^/rtf it's Aft cunt, the gome r ?w|
hetnandr.: is repreiented a.s a (.ireCt Uefign to IoOlHc
and (ocruife tor the future in a Hottom, to which, intktfj

,rrt|
■■.!(• I

Juslgment, the Owncis ha.1 no Title. 1 mull,
own Fart, acknowledge, that I cannot uiiderftanl i
c«uf<", in a Bark buik out of the Rem.iins ot th. .7 .' ■
tlicy were as nuicli in .m Owners Hottoii', as m ;.';
hcrlHt i and, it thry r>.uld imai^inethis wouli ix''. ■
by taking and cr'.nlirc, m smother Ship, then he iir." -
well luve quitted the S^e.l'xe^, under Fretenee ot thi I ■>■
and gone to Sea m a Fr.zc, without the h.izardous tx<
mcnt ot the Shipwrev.k. (.ajitain lieta^b menions tin-
ipicions ut the Seamen, as dmcl Kvidtnce ot th. ■'i<
tiiat they lcx.>kcd for ir, and exp' ctrd it would tali ei:, »
as it really did. It is alf 1 fugfjctlcd by C.:ptaii ft-'
that abu.".dance of Th;n^;'. -J \ >.u. w^i: bioujihi wy'A

DqqIj 1 H ciiap, I. Captain George Shelvocke.

il?

without their knowing how i which is another thing I can-
not comp" l>f mi i fi>r Capuin Sbelvetkt, and hit Son, could
not t.irry a vjiR Qiiantity on Ihorc themrdvci i and it a

very I'lmi t" '"'' ''"" ''"''■*^ *"" ""' * ''"K''-" ^^»" '" *•«
S'lip who, it he had been truftcd with lb dark a Secret,
v/rtul'ii init have difi-ovcred it. But to proceed with the
Captain's Relation: I phcd, fays he, oft" and on till the
.ill; but toiild not get lb much Water as we daily ex-
pfiiiiril ; wliiih made nic think it rcqiiifitc to anchor in the
Roail t(ir a It. w 1 lours : An«l, in oidi-r to it, 1 prepared
twenty I nil* •>• '■•''^* '" '■''*' alhorei thtn worked in, and
aiuhonil m forty Fatliom VVater,and nvule a NV'arp, which
was ut till Lrngth (if three Hauferi and an hall, which,
bemn mai.lc lalt to the Rock, kept the Ship ftcaily, and
cive us an Opportunity ot haling our Rait of Calks afliorc
aiul ;ilx)urii. The next Morning, wc were ready to m> to
Sci ■■ but hai 11(1 (ipiiortimity of doing lb for four Days
toatthir, during; wliu li we aiuhoretl in tiie fame Manner.
(;„ tiit 2:;rli, ail hard (ialc of Wind came out of tlie Sea
uixm us and brought in .i great tumbling Swell ; fo that,
1 ill u kw I loiir!=, our t able parted : A difmal Accident
tl.i'' tlurc biiiig no Means to Ix- ufcd, or the Icart FrofpL-tt
icf avdiiliiu? iniim-dutc DcftrucHon. But Providence intcr-
I iiuld in "ui Be h.iil lb tar, that, if wt; hail flruck but a Cable's
JLfm;tii tarthir to tS<- )'.a(\w.iHl or Wcflward of the Plate
I where we Jul, wc mud h.ivc inevitably [x-ri(hed. As loon
[ as llif touc'iu d the Rock, wc were obligeil to hold fall by
:,ni.- Part or other of the Ship, otherwife the Violence of
[the Shocks llie had in (Inising might have been fiifiicient to
have thrown us all out (jf her into the Sea. Our Main-
inaft, i'uiv Murt, .ind Mi/.en-mall, went all away tog'-ther.
[Ill Ihorf, VVonls are wanting to exprefs the wretched Con-
jdition w:- wrre in, or the Surprize we were under of Ixing
lunlominatt'y fhipwrecked. In the Fvcning, all the Orti-
Iciri cime to iwar me Company, and to contnve to get
[fonie N'lcdriiies out of ilie Wreck •, and, having lighted a
jFiri, wrapiH-d themlllves up in what tliey could get, lay
Itound it, .uul, notwitallanding the Coldncfs of the Weather,
lllfpt very limndly. I would have let the Peoi)le to Work
tin <loin<^ what wc propof'd the Night before ; but they
Iwerc lb Icatterrd, that there was no fueh thing as getting
Ithvm together : So tli.it all Op()ortunities were loft of regain-
ling any thing, lut Ibiiic of our I'irc-arms. But, while
Ithey were cmnloyed in building Tents, and making other
jPnpir.ition', lu 'ct'le thcinlHves here, tlie Wreck was intirely
Idilboyai, and every tliin;; tlut was in her loll, except one
Jk ol Heet, and one ot farina de Poo, which were
ik'allieii whole iin (he Strand. Thus were our Provifionsof
ill I'urts irreiovei-.ibly gone, and whatever clfe might have
K-ea ol I'fe to us, except what I have already mentioned.
Ihcaild h.ive obferved, that I laved i loo Dollars belong-
to the lientlcmen Owners, which were kept in my
Thcll in the great Cabin. The reft, being in the Bottom
th:' Bread room lor Senirity, couki not be come at. I
look fonie P. ins in liiKling a convenient Place to fet up my
I'ent, and .it length tbund a commodious Spot ol Ciround,
boc half a Mile Irom the Sea, and a tine Run of Water
sithina .Stoiu-.'s<all of cath Side of it, with Firing near at
haiul, and Trees proper tor building our Dwellings. The
People lettleil within Call about me, as well as they could ;
mi, h.iving a cold Scafon coining on, Ibme of them tluiti h-
xl th<irs, and others covered ihcm with Skins of Seels and
cadions, whilft others got up Water-buts, and Ikpt in
hcin, under the Covei ot a 'Pree. Having thus Iccuicd
uriclves, as well iis ^)oHible, againll the Inclemency ot the
pproathiiig Winter, wc uled to pafs our Time in the
evening in nuking a great Fire tic-fore my Tent, round
(rhich n-.y OiKciis in general adembled, employing them-
fclves quietly in lontling Craytilh in the Umbers i fome-
limes bewailing our unhappy State, and fmking into De-
air -, at other times leedingourlelvcs up with Hopes, that
nething might be done to fet us atloat again. I confulted
rl^ widi the Carpenter, who anlwcred, I'hat he could not
[lake Brick without Straw \ and walked away from me in
furly Humour. From him I went to the Armourer,
^hom 1 found at the Wreck, and alked him, What he
Duld do tor us in hit Way, that might contribute towards
|>e building of a fmall Velfcl. To which he anlwcred. He
Dped he could do all the Iron-work, that was necclfary tor

fuchathingt th«( he had, with much Labour, gotten his
Bellows out of the Wreck, with four or live; Spadocs,
which Would at^brd hiin Steel « and that there couhl be no
want of Iron along thj Shore j and that he did lot doubt,
but we Ihould find a great many ufeful Things, win n wc
catne to fet to work in good Farneftt and dcfired I would,
without Lofs of Time, order Ibme Charcoal m b • m.id(? tor
him, whilft he fet up his Forge. Upon which I railed all
I lands together, and gave it them as my Opinion, that
thertr was a great Prob.ibility wc Ihould l)c able to eded thi;
building a VelTcl to tr.uifixjrt us •, but th.it it would undoubr-
tdly be a laborious i'alk, and would require the iitmoft
Endeavours from them all ; arul put the Queftion to thrm.
Whether wc ihould make a Beginning, or no. To whith
they, with one Voice, confentird, and promifed to be ex-
tremely iliiigent in Work \ and begged me to give them
Inftruftions how to proceed. I then ordered thofe, who
were wooding before the Ship was loft, to bring in their
Axes, that I might fend them to cue Wo^iJ to make Char-
coal, while the reft went down to the Wreck, to gpt the
Bowfprit aftiorc, of which I intended to make the Keel ;
and prevailed on the C'arpr-nter to go with me, to fix on the
propercft Place to build upon. In a Word, the People
tound a great many ulltu! Materials about the Wreck, and,
amongtl the reft, the Top-maft, which, being m.ide taft to
the Main-maft, was walhi-d aftiore, and, tliu' of no l"mall
Weight, would not, at this time, have \:-xn exchanged for
Gold.

1 6. On June 8. wc laid the Blocks to build upon, and
had the Itowfprit ready at h.ind. The Carpenter, fuJdenly
turning fliort upon me as I ftood by him, fwore an Oith,
He would not ftrike another Stroke uiKin it ; that he, truly,
would be nobody's Slave •, and thought himfelf now upon
a Footing with myfclf. I w.is at firft nngry; but at laft
came to an Agret ment to give him a four Pifto'e I'i.ce as
loon as the Stern and Stern-poft were up, and loo Pieces
of t.ight when the Bark was tini-Ticd ; and the Money to
be committed to the Keeping of any one he Ihould name
till that time. Upon this, he went to work on the Ke>l,
which was to be thirty Feet in Length, her Breadth by tlic
Beam fixtecn Feet, and liven Feet deep in the Hold. In
two Months time wc nuide a tolerable Shew, which was, in
a great mealure, owing to the Ingenuity of Popphftcn my
Armourer, who did not lol'e a Minute's time from th;;
Work of his Hand, and Contrivance of his Head. This
Alliduity of iiis, I dare fay, was greatly owing to the juft
Senle he had of our forlorn Stat j, with which he teemed to
be much atiedted. This Man made us a little doubk'hcided
Maulci, Hammers, Chifels, Files, and a Ibrt of Gimblets,
which performed very well j nay, he even made a Bulk t-
mould, and an Inftrument to bore our Cartouch-boxes,
which we made of the Trucks ol fiuncarriagef, which
walhed alhore ( thefe we covered wicli Seels-lkins, and
contrived fo as to be lioth li.inily and nea') : And had en-
abled himfdf to pertbrm any Iron-work the Carpenter
wanted ; and did not only do us this Service in his \N'ay,
but alfo begati and finilhetl a large ll-rviceable Boar, which
was what we much ftoiKl in need of. But I muft ob.i'; ve,
that, in the Beginning, the Peoj.le b.'haved themfelves very
regularly, halt of them working one Day, and half another,
and Itemed to b<.- ratler and ealier under our Miifortunes
every Day. Tluy tie.itcd me with as much Regard as I
could with, and, in a Body, thanked me for tl'e Profpedt
they had of a Deliverance. 1 never failed to encourage tlieiii
by luch Stories ot Things or Aiflions that I heard to have
been done by the Number of Men in Diftreflts of this kind-,
and always piTlfed them to ftick clofe to the Woi k, that
we might get the Bark re.idy in time-, and told then", that,
to our Comfort, we had three of the bell Ports ir. C.L\!i >vithin
I20 Leagues of ui. Phis inftilled new L.fe iito them ;
and they often declared, that they would do tlieir urmoft to
hnifh her with all Flxpeditbii, which w.is a moll .igreeablc
Hearing. But, inftead of enjoying Peace long, w.- became
a Prey to Faftion -, to that it was aMmicle, th.it v.c got oiF
from this Place by any Fndeavours ot our own : F"or, after
they had gone through the moft labo: loi s Part of r .;; Work,
they intirely neglcdted it ; anil many of my < iiliicr.- 'Jeli-rted
my Convcrliition, to herd witJi the incancil ut the Ship's
Company. 1 was now.conlirtacd in the .Suipicicn I had

fcir.c

.' . 'u

' imh)\

If;; Y"

I* ■ '8

zi6

7/je V OY AG E S of

^0()k I. ■ Chap. I

■H

t\/~ ■', i.

* -4 Jr. T t

•t

■ V

.i "

foiiie time before, that tin r* WM a bUck Delign in Embryo •,
for, when I nnt by chaiKc tny of my (Vffkcr*, if I uktA
them, What ihcy were «b4«it, and why they wmikl «^t •<>
contwry tothur Duty, ai to (iivert the People tiom thru
Work, OIK- woiii.1 anfw«T, 1 lut he dul not know whether
he rtuHikl goott'the lHand, or no, it my Bundle (if '^»i'»'^
wai reatly i andoilur. told me, Thjt thcvdid notta !»•*
Matters wint i flu y totilil Ihilt toi tlumrdvcs, as well w the
reft. Antl, wliin 1 f\)rtki- with the nuanrr Sort, lome would
be furly, ami (ay tK)thinf>: ; fitlurs wouKI be Slavn to no-
body i but would do a» tl ' nil did. In the Midd of th< ''•
Confulion», I oriUrevi my Sotito fccurr my Comniimono ,
fome ilrv I'latc ot the vVooil or Kocki, it fmh hhiU be
liound ; \' >r I well remcmberrd Ih>w It^mftrr had \xxn fcrvnl
in thelc tun. At length I, one Afternoon, milFed all the
I'loiiL, and (ciulii lee nolxxly, but Mr. .'Iikmftn, Surgeon.
Mr. litndry the Agent, ami ny Son, .ind Mr. Dedd, IJ".
tenant of iVIarinci, wlio, tor lome Realonj beft known t<'
himitlf, iuJ lugned I.unacv. I coiiKi not drvilc wlat
could have Uiomr of tliem all \ Init at Night was intormeii,
that they lud alll-n^bled at the j^rcat I'ro , to confuli toge-
tiirri wJurc till, lud ((>rmed a new Regulation, anil new
Artirles, whereliy iluy excluded the Ck-ntlrmen Advi'ntur-
rrs in LH/iaiiJ fiom having a.iy I'art of what we (hould lako
for the future \ and diveiU-d mc of the Authority of thnr
Captain t antl had regulated themlirlvcs aaording to /a-
naii.% J iifiijiliiie. 1 he ( hief Otfii crs, an)ong tin- rf if, had
(hofencnc Miirphew to !« tluir Champion and S>>eaker.
liiis Man aJdrcired himlclf to thole that were pretii ', to
a< quaint them, " That they were now thetr own Mailer?,
•• uul Servants to none •, tltat altlio' Mr. Shdvoeit, their
*• 'orincr Ca^ tun, took upon him t > command thi i to do
" thii and th.it, (sr. he ought Co be made fcnfibie, that,
" wluKivrr was rheir L'onim.uulcr now, it was their Cour-
" tefy that nuiic him fo t Imr that, however, Mr. Shelvttkt
*' might luv.- the Kcfufal, it ilie Majority thought fit, but
" rot ell( . But, at the lame tune, obllrvrtl to them, that
'• my Comnwikl v,as too l«)lty and arbitrary fiir a private
" Ship ; tlwt 1 (liould lavi < ontinuctl m Men «>t War,
" ^»herc People were obhgai quietly to bear all Hanifhips
" in>fX)ftd Uj/on them, whether tight or wrong." To
winch Ionic prclLiit, who liail a Regard for mr, anfwered,
" 'I'lut tliey never knew or law me treat .my IxKiy unjullly
" or fcv;iTly -, and that, however rir.id I mi;;iit be, they
" had tinbody tile to dc|>cnd on ; aid that they W(,uld all
" do W( .1 to toniidcr, how many Dilfitulties I iwd alreaily
*' brought :h(ni through •, that, fupixjfmg we were prc-
" llrv'.d out ol the I lands of our Kncmn s how many more
'"• were to ciiiir, no one (ouKl tell i that, il they cxprcleii
" Of inttntitd ko return to England, it coiiW be by no other
" Means tlun taking a Jurn'rcHJnil the Workl ; and tliat,
" in that Cale, there w.is none capaMe to iiiulertakc the
" Circ of thi:m, but mylcll : Ami remimU d ilum of my
" Lommiiru)!!, .tnd the RelJK-a due to mr iii^m that, be-
" fidts the h.)t<<^tioii they would nxtuc from it. ftiould
" ^^% (■*^,' """ "'«= * ^'"''* "f 'he SjMHi.irdi." This had
lome F.flecf on die ine.;i»-i v.rt j but they were divcitid
f;om the Jhou^litsof retomi.j; to Obeeiience by the chief-
concerned, WHO were no kis than my firif Lieutenant
Brooks, &c. who haJ made tlu fore-mention«l Morphnu
his Confident, even on Ixjaru tlw Shipi for luving fcrvctl
as Forcm.irt man the Voyage U tore he w.is mu\i: my Lieu-
tenant, he had tontwcted a nnghty Liking to t:ie Forcraltic
Convcrlation : .And, belidts this, ility were again fupported
by Mr. Randall my ftcund Lieutenant, wlio was broeki'i
BrotluT-in-law, jnu «)thcrs, who. forgetting all the Obliga-
tions they owed to the (.enilemcn in hngland, and all the
Refpecl due to m,-, were now running into ingratitude, and
mw an irrecoverable Damage to their Characters and Inte-
relts. I he lirft and inolf rciiv^kable Outrage committed
by this Gang ot i.evellen., wai on Mr. la Porte my vhitd
I-ieutenact, wImhii Mcrphfw iJXiuk,:,^ ma barlurous Man-
ner, and kiiocked liim down on the Beech, whiiit Mr
Brooks rto^Ml by .in Isyc-witnefs of this Hriitality. 1 exi>o-
Itulated wnhlum upun his Convlua vvurmlyi but with very
I'ttlc LfTta : .'so tiiai I law plainly, that there was an Ki.d
of all regular Auti.ority amongll us. Very loon after, the
Aruir t.ii)i; to l;c fully ex])laincd ; for the Men framed a
new .Set of Articles, by wiucii tlicy put tJicmfclvcs upon the

Jamaiis ^ifclplln^ drclwing, tluf, u f had bwn di
Captain, f<> they were content I ftiould be i ir Cjwjin t^
and, at a lurtherMnk of their Regard, they Wrrc^n,'
to allow mr lix Shan » j whereai, according to tli? 7^;^^' '^
Model, I ought to have only four. Upon the linv p| '
many of my < )«ficers were reduced \ for Inff.im p, ^^''
i' ."It, Mr. DniU, and .Mr /Irndry, wrf- drcUrcij i\[^\fi''
men: And to thi* .Srlume their fu|wrior Ol^im ,^i?
Kinfentedj fi> that th« '*.n no hin<lrriii[' it trum (» '
carried into V.xet ution uy Mr. Celd/ta the Mafttrtn^
tainetl a kin(f of NeutralK , and neither proniotd n--
|)ofetl the I )elign«, that ore going forw.iKf. jn ,| |,
llref^, I thorjht it lawlui. and even ncrMlary, to trmni,
with their Demand.t -, ami therefore, in ^oniunilion «ll
tlie relf of my Officen, l figned thofe Articles : Amitli
i thought I fnould have l)cen ahle to have g!)t ihrni rttv'l
Lard on the Hark, that was to tarry us off; I jt | ,^
t'^ind, that I was fore to Iw inillaken, wh'nrvir I cft
bune<l any gotKl Opinion of tlK-m. Inftcid of lll^■^ir
my .AdvKt, whicn, at tlie faiiK- time, was mine y ,,
lated for their Servii >, they broke into ariotliM Mut, '^
great Tree, wheir they cuiv to a Relolution r. iln;
wliaf hitlc M'lney I had lav d for the Owr „^ „), .
amininted Ut in i'wtrs of Isig^" inViigin .Silv,r, is,!,,
Difli weighing: yi Ouiie*, antl }r^o I>j|lars in riady \(,.
ncy , with which I was obliged lo comply, and wi,|i,-
treated »»oriir 'dian vpr havini', only thi Ritiile r,f ili, | ,'
when tJKy hski . A' 'he beiN bring glad, .iticr j, (,J
Day's Work, ti n upon Seeli while Mr. Mot-phr, . .-a
his Ciiiifdlon, leaded on the bell Fifti tlv .Sen atR -
I he I txi Sciokc rjf their Inlolrncc was, to get tlic if^
out (,f my HaoHs,, of which I had hit.herto takrr tlifi~.|.
eft Care, irouife, having but m • Flint to a Muiqw, j;
bur very little Am:nuiution, I forefaw, that, if this mj
wafted, we muft be uni^one : All which I reprefentri ti
them, w.hco ttwy made their Demand, but to noitj ..
ot l'iirp<jte ■, tor they not only took the .Armsf bu;, ;
iimgincd, tliey fqjandered away the little Powder, andw
few Bullets we hail left, in kil'ing Cats, or any thing ti
th4t rune in their Way, and they could fire at T < ,,
itincilc Hirtory of our TranfaflkMis in the Illami • i
l-Wnandn, from May i\. to Auguft i -. and, I lx;i ,
ini|»ar[]al Re.uler will agree, that no Man rouki fntia :u-
tlun 1 fud, Icail a worle Life, or have a more iincimloc
able i'rolptd.

The Account ( j|stain BtlAgh ['ives, » fo d'.aiiifirici'ij
oppolite to what '. h.svc already had from Cj|>!.iin,'Y
inir, that, to fhew iny Impartiality, 1 ani oblign! tur^pr
what he has ('■ 'ivrreii. All his People, lays Cjjt.nfi^
t.i?t\ have allti .d mr, antl many others, that :h»rc»a
no iiid at all whee le "hip i as loft ; for, js dptin
Hhti.o.kf Very well km ► that if hr ftiould be (.mght lij
a Gale in that jicrilooj f ..id, and fo poorly to/i! wj
Ground tackle, thiy mult inevitably have jvnlhfc', (i
realbn of the praligioiis KiTak* the Sea mains in any thinj
ot We.irhcr againtf the Ion'. Rinks ami Stonci all jiwf
the Shore, he thercfue to- k. care to leriire all thtir 1 jt
by deftroyiiig.hi. Ship in rim fi reiie Weather •, vshichtk
ingriiious Captain pcrto: ' by bunging aSpnr[;inlH
Cable, With which he itove his .Shit/s BrDailfnlc agirf
the Swell, anvi kept her in that Pofition while th-L
wai torn ali.ndcr. Mr. DodJ, who did not pnt^i • •
a. Seaman, aftlitcd, that, about three Hours beton ih ■
went afhorc, tome Hands were at work on the (^la:
deck, haling in a.i Maufer, which was made fiH tu i •
Cal)le 1 and that he inquind of (.librrl JUnder/ii, ik
(iuniier, what that was lor. //tiidfr yn anfwercil him, ts,
if he woukl Ik- rightly informd, he muft go and ask t^.'
Captain. To n.ntirin this, Irveral of his Pro;)!? ^^
Affiikvit, that it blew no Wiml at all; thatevlry Sd
of tlutn got fommiKiioully on ft^orr i and that i: is :h^:
Belief, he l(jjl the Shi|) on Purix)fe : And it b rtnurt
able, he made not one 'I "rial to prevent it. As (wn j'K
CabU; paned, Mr. la Ptrif, his third Lieutenant, irrs
iminrdiat. Ruin, iry'd out, .Set the Forelail, /• ,
thereby fo do lonir gooiU .md, while /•V^e."»./ /'''■/',
and others, were actually iijH'n the Yard, Ske!vfcbh^t(li\
oriieied them down, and, takinj' the Hiltn in lih HM
faid, Never mini' it, Boyj i ftanil idJ h{\ ; I will h\ lit k'

Book I ^1 Chap- '• Qipttiin G k o r '; n. S h ii i. v o c k e

117

^•''■■y *''rf w;l||r.

»n tlic linic p^,
Inrtanif, Mr ]

<t Offiicn mV,

nu If from '.

in\. In i! .

•ffary, \n cnr,.

Lon)unaio:i «j^
rticl<-i: Amlth

«>ir, I If 1 1«,

wh'iuvir I r*,
•ad 111 liftoiirijif)
wai uifitfiy nici".

lIUIIOM !> t'M.

ic Ov,r'n, «h;(i
5111 Silver, iJiilf,,
ll«l< m riAlyM;
ply, .iiv! wi, i';<i

;la(l, attcr ,1, h^>:
Sir. M(nph\.vi
I th'- Sea affi, >■-!!
, CO Rrt (Itf vrj
to t.»Kfn thriTj.
to a Mulqiir', .<]
, that, It thu «8
h I ri-prtfcntfj B
but to no m "(T
le Armsf hu;, iv
Ic I'uwuer, imiw
, or .i;iy thing ti;

I fire at T <M
tJK' lllarnl ! '1
ami, I N,i;

II r on 111 i\"x\ -, J-

more iiixinw-

i^ fo il'.iiiirl'Ki']
If rfjm (. ai>'..i;:i :x-
obligrdturrpjl!
, Uy! C ..'I t lh &■
■r?. thai ih'rc»ii
t<!r, a> Ciaa
luuid he (.lught lij
xjriy tu'/il ra
Lave |v.-m]i(i.:, n
laku in anythq
|l Stumi all >'«.'?(
irf all tln:r I '.VT
i-athei i which ik
ig a S|irirg m l«
Bn>a il'iilc ag;i'?
11 while the ti' ; I
not jTrti-nd \» :«
rs brtori- thc*'^.--!i |
on thrC^iarw-
ma-lr ( Ji tu i'* ]
I He<iti(';:i, ut
lilwcml l-.im, ill!, I
il\ go and ask t''
his Fto;>lf m»if
, thai rv.ry S.d
Iml that 1: is:li« 1
Kntl It 1^ rtnuft:

As lixif' 1' "

.icutcnaiit, '
Foffl.til, in, 15
/•V/Tr,-"-./ /''•ff.

1, .si/-.VA,ft/ h.iiti^ 1

Itirn in hi^ I hi I

1 will lay h'"-'-'
It/

Vitilwr'-v.l \ ^^hiLli. ai it |in)Viil 4 very haril c , flwwtil
htVttKat IikIiI! ■ II' >■ « to ihi- l'»tci>t tlu- Mnji, An-
otlut «!»"» t.'ai am i}//4j;i ml !U ^rrcenmoiily uym, ii
iliiik 'll"'< ^y '*"' ^''*"8«. "' CimimlKinnn, (,rf|)tain

vi^.'i'M^'" *>^ '" '*" *""" ''*'"H<' '*"" '"■ **** * ^^^y *""■

fiilcTjl'li (>aincr» *«"»' ''>" *"' »linionllr4:is iit ilu- h)ll(»w-
mn maiii'ir : Aicording M th- oii;',iiul Arm In, half th.-
Vulue ul every I'riii' was to Ik' ki afnlr hti tl»r Dwiur,
anit the rcinaii 'iin I'art ilivuUil into sluni, in rni|)i>rtioii
,,, the whole '-lii''» C"nUM»''y' *'''<'i "^*'<' tl«>t» '"joi
tilt of will' l' 'l'-^ <^->ptain ^ as t') luvr Jixty » Captain
//<;//«, asK'Oiul t. .ii>t4)n, thirty , C.ij;t.i|n Sft-ni', 'I tho
VUfiiit". iwtiiiy , ami fo on fuxn ili. /^Iti'UHon ot C'ir-
iuniiUii <•'• ilif '• lining ihc Nun '> . of UK .Slii|i''. (..<tn-
pany, ami the Rn uclioi. of the Olfi. r* (hat Itill liirvivr»l,
ih( rc'vcif no>* I' < ih..n fiKy-twn ,>...ii , 1 ^ mr .,f which the
Capt.uii WM to ' •'^' ''*• Hi^o'iii";; t>t'iC I s Kqpilanon,
Ihis, i layi i» tajitain flr/i/A'i. inantuf ol ..IcmuiiitarinR
this I'miio :iji> i I'l.t, upon toi\fulcrii-jJ5 it .itiintivly, I
thiiilv an l".xamyic vvll make it niiiili ili-iinr ' "■" '

I will I

atiinn(i(( ''irmfclvci, upon tliistj^i Mon, WIt-.tlvrthr U.irk
(hduki b. arried on, or whrti they Ihi'Vild build tw.)
Urge ShilUip*, and 1. 1 what wasuortt of the IVirkon I'ln-.
I he Ktivourm of ilu^ new Urlign, who wuc hudcil by
MerfttU'i and hts Friend, aimeil at a Sfpuraiion by this
MiUiu, an. I ilid not roiii)t they (hotu have tiu-ir Knws,
toniiiltiinj; the Rrc.u Influtnce tlry ha. ,1 ytt ' u| ov«T
till ir b. low liilVir.ni but, as fliis mull ije e.ir-,-1 by a
Mijoiity ot \\,t^\ actorilirg to thvir own Attalei. their
rflliiiibli-d before my lent to debate (i\is Matt r ', whicn
ihcy elul in a nuiiy clamornu Manner on l>oili ^Sid' 1. But,
in outer to tome to a I on.kii.oii, I politively alVurcd them,
that \Vi^^^ ».>iild Ix imprai^ticabie ( beca'.ile uur 'I ools{
aiiil Matenalt too, were aliroll worn out and ^>mc \ tlr.'ic-
ture It was in Vain f')r tlum to dilput.- about it. 'I'ln'
Woikmen, ami a lonfiderable Maiorityot t!ic nit, fided
With me ID the Belt lit of tiu- B..rk \ i<ut, at M[rht, ilm
("arin'iitcr I' iit nic 'v\ orii, that it 1 did not deliver h..Ti the
Moiv;y agrccJ at liir Beginiing, iiotwitl. (landing the
i CI ms tor the Payment ol it were not exeiuted, I Ihould not

iiolc a SfitHiJl rnze t.iki'ii of tiie \'aluc <•< fi < hundrm a id fee his Face a; ...n \ lb I was o'^ligi'd to raill- tiit; Money tor

fifty I'ouiiili .'Staling » tlun ha'l 01 it Uli.nnti;;; 10 the

' )wiicr', tiie .''ia.ics aic I'lair.l) w./ith ten hl.illi t^t apuxr,

:,|,Hu;iitly, the Captain'-i lixiy >S.«ros lomr to 'iiirty

I'oiin.t : IJi.i, •• • "ruling t) tiis new KuiC ol dividinij, .ath

|Shu>' .»)uidbc wofth twelve Pouml irn SliiilmiCi i ai\d,

iliercliri , t'u C'aptajn's fix Shiurei w. re worth ftventy ftvc

r.iunds. As !o the getting Poir'-li.n ol r,',, Arin^, Cup-

\um BcMgl' yvcs a ' ry ftratige Ae count nt it , lor he

Uys, t:iat Captain .Stf/reiiif, lor certain Kc.ilons cek-

Ibratdih- i' ih vX "Junt as a Feilival i and that the Men

having t,"' ''"■ '^f""> With hi!. Cniiliiit, to lire Vollici

iujicn thatOda; 1, they abfolutcly retulid fo nart with

li.Viii. Bu , a '.Ol' 111! 1 Captain .^'i»/w<^^l*'^ Relation,

{this miill have .ui'; r, . long Mfcr tin: loth of '7««, llnce

[it was the (ignth lore tlieir B.irk was put tipon the

|.S[«ks, wliieh gave Ckcafion to all the fubleijutiU I hfputi ».

lit is impITiblc to fay any thing as to the Meiits of this

jCaufe, liiice t!ai Tc pofuivt AlFt rtioni v.,i U'th Side%

I Hid no ibfolute I'.v'iden , or authrntii- I'renif, on eitherj

|J(j that all I ean do r, to rtpon the Facti lairly, a\ Ixith

iSiihs have llatcd thcin i which having done, I irtuin to

|thc Captain's Relation,

17. On tic 15th of /%ir/f, the Sigh nf a large Shi[<
at Sea I ut u> 1 to the iitrnoll Contufioii. Bcluie he erolled
khc Hay, I ordeied the iiiis to be put out, and eontined
|lu Nrgroisand IiiSans, kil the Shm Ihould In- lietalmed
pm'cr the Land, and any of ilurn Inould attempt Iwiin-
nu ft ( iff to her. I conetivcd it imixidiblc, that Ihe fliould
caNLinol War, whiili, having Ailvite of o irbcmg loft,
ametol.ik u.s ; yet I kn.-w, il (he dilioveied what we
ere ai 101.'.', and the Wrtekon the Shore, we (lunikl (0011
ave tLi \i!iole b'oree of the Kingdom of {'lit upon us.
was ;. • long under thife .Apprrhcnrious \ lor Ine kept
»fayl.ii^(, ami at too gieat a Uillame fo ji, iieive a ly
hingiliix Cn this Ocealion I got moll nt the I'euple
ndcrArnis, ind was glad to Ice lo many of thrm, 111
bme meafiire, olx- ii -nt to my Comnund. I, u|x)n thin,
lid thi '.1, I was pu.dal to (ee their Arm^ in liuh giK)vi
•rda ; To which they aiifwen-d imp. rtineiuly, I'iiat it
as for their own Sakes. But, l)ctore they were ililpeilid,
[told them, that the NetelTiiy of our Ati uts wai luch,
it required every one to give their Alllltaiue, and ule
eir belt F.iideavours, to get the H.itk .iiUwt, inllad ol
'ailing againit their Captain, which would 111 the biul be
1')' prejudiejal i that, if we wen diUoveied, all llopvs
BulJ be gone, and we toviul rcalijiialily .■.Xf.et no other.
In to be Slaves in fome ut t!te Mines'; ih.it we hail llill
fr'.it deal ot Work, aiul never alxive un.-l the mme
nrulcrstf, and eommonly b'.ir (ix or l>v.ii, who atieiuleil
and that, fai they knew to lliew an b.x.imple, I was
(ays one of the Numlier. But they w.re t') obllmate,
lb wilfully intenfible of the impendent IMlniOlion
lirh was likely u> l.ill upMUb, th.il t!u' more 1 nude ule
iRcafon to recla.m taein, t!ur miM\ I leiiMiilli.ii.d to
tmtheillC'onll-iiucnees tlia: would .ittend their miuinual
utmics, ^iid (he more 1 cncour.ip.ed then by tuiuie ho-
■^sot Advantage, the more they ran into a conbiUd Ihf
lion and Interruption of any thing tint miijit W .if Ser-
: to them in any rcfpeft- I'lu- next I \\\ liuy ciividcd
TuiiB, 15.

him. The n.uil piovokini; I'art ot tltis I'lopol.il wvs,
that thr l. Mows who took u^'on thitn to harangue and
lliikle tirll, were thole who liad never du::u an iiour's
Work finre we had been (all away, but, not gaining thrir
Point, tluy o|Kti y declared 1 fliould not i«- the r Captain,
aiiwl that none \<M Hrooks Ih. u!d be then C'omm.uider 1
which was (perhaps, what that young Man afpjred to,
an. I had Ion;; expefted, it one m.iy draw nul.)na'le Ccn-
. lull ins from his IJeportnu nC to me -, and lie, undoul/ediy,
might have be^n their Commander, had it not been lor
the l\o,)le t.f tlic liijatlw.un's lent, who, although they
were fond of thinkin;.; themf Ives ti.eir own Malirs and
would not fubmit to regui.ir Con;ii:and, yet h.id that
KelpcCt left, as not to giVe their Conf.nts, tliat I ihould be
hit on the lll.u I. 1 mull Oivnahat it was a iliiiu', very in-
difleient to me, had I not thought, that laciuitted mylelfof
my IViiy, in doing wh.it in me lay, to hinder lo many of
hu Majclty's Subjeeit, enirulKd under my Care, trom
becoming V'a; ,,';j(,nd.s. 1 o lomplete our l-iviiii>ns, there
amlc a third Tarty, who relolvcd to bar.- notl'in^^!; to do
with the- other two, imtpoling to ftay (Jii the liland.
'1 hcfc were totheNi ubei of iwilvc, who ha I leparated
tiiiiii the red, and n.vir appeared, except in the Night,
when they ufed to come about our Tents to Ileal Fowderj
Lead, and Axi s, and, in Ihoii, whatever elfe they iculd lay
theii I lan.is on. liut in a little tunc I lound means to mai :!ie
them, and took all their Arms, .\mn^unition, an;l the relt of
their I'hi ider Irom tliun -, and threatened, that, il tlry weie
f.)und within Muiquct-lhot ot our Works or I'eiu^, tlry
ihould be treateil as lintmi-s. A iitde atterw.iiuS, tl-.ele
Divilions i^i weakened the I'ow, r of the whole i^cdy, that
by digr.es they Ix'g.in to liiLn i ) what I hud \ ;ii'd 1 p-rc-
\A\\i.\.\ lb lar, as to get moU ot them in a vorl.ng Hu-
mour. Mr. ^rtc/l-J came iRiw wit!; a ^eipntd : ubiir.lnon,
to deiire he might eat with me .igain ; but, in t.ie n-ain,
did not Icllen his l-'llcem t.ir AVr/Z^w; However, iiib Dif-
linu.lation pioved ot lln.!,ul ir Service, in lontributlng to
the linilbni(; the Bark, wiiieli claimeil the Aliiliance ot all
our Hia !s .iiul Haiu!s i tor, wlien we c.uiie to plank the
Bottom, we had veiy vexatious Difficulties to encounter
with \ tor, having no I'l.ink, except Ticces of the Wn\k's
Pick, we tiuinii It lo diy and llublxjrn, that Fire and
Wa!i 1 had luiiily any EtVed in making it pliable, and (it:
forUlCi if rmt, and I'plit, and flew, liketilalsi to that
now I h.id till iLiniial Kealons to Ivlicvc, ;hat all our La-
bour wa.s Vain, and that we mult quietly lit down with tlie
dilaginable I lopes ol being taken olf by fonvj Spr.'ujh
Ship tome time or other, aril, after all our rroiibles Le
kd to a I'rikm to relle,;t on our pai'i Mi^lortunes : How-
ever, by conllant J^hour, and Vaneiy 01 Contiivarcesv
wc 111 th. lind p.itched her up, lu lueh a manner, tliar, I
dare lay, the hk'' w.is ii; vjr ken •, and I iii.iy lately alirm,
that Inch a Ui iioin never fwan. on slic Surt.ice ot the Sc.i
belore. Scl-iiininr V.k oth, thj Boar that I have already
mi ntioncc. to Ik- bigun by tlu- Armcmnr, was l.iunehed «
,iiul, b; ing now in a way of completing our Bark, there
y. I rematncd uncoiilidertd, and uiideiermined, what Pro-
vilions wemukl g.t to tupport us in our Voy.age : 'l'hi$
was .isnccilUiyto be looked iiuo, as tlicliuilhmg ourFm-
■j K. barkauoH,

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Sciences

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23 WeST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0

(716)672-4503

7bc VOYAGE S of

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zi8

barkation, the onr Ixinp ufelefs without the otiicr •, and all
the Stock we had, was oni- Cask ot B?cf, five or fix
Bufhcis of l-arini, or Callador Flour, together with lour or
five live 1 lojis. 1 made fcveral I-'.xperinunts to lave both Fifli
and Seel, but it was impolliblc to be done without Salt : At
length, we luckily thought on a Methal ot" curing the
Conger-eel, by fphtting them, and taking cut the Back-
bone \ then dipped them in Sea- water, and, laftly, hung tlitm
up to dry in a great Smoke. But no other Firti could be
pttferved alter that manner : Therefore the FiJhcrmcn were
ordered to make it their Bufinefs to catch what Congers
they could \ and now fcveral of tiie People, wlio had not
yn llruck a Stroke, began to repent of their Folly, as they
grt-w weary of living on this Place -, and offered thur Ser-
vice to goa filhtng, with I'ome foolifli Fottufc or other, for
being lb long idle, and asked my I'ardon, promifing not to
lofe a Moment for the time to come. The new Boat,
being fent to try her Fortune, returned at Night, and
brought with them a great Parcel of Filh of leveral Sorts j
amongft which were loo Eels, which was a gootl Begin-
ning, and every Tent took their Proportion cf them to
lave and cure, and the Boat was haltd up every Night,
and a llrirt Watch was kept over her, to prevent any
making their Eicape. Having this Conveniency ot a large
Boat, I defircd Mr. BreokSy our only Diver, to try wliat
he could recover from that Part of the Wreck which lay
without : He accordingly went, and could find but one
fmall Gun, which he weighed, and brought athore, to-
gether with two Pieces of a large Church Candleftick,
which was a Part of die Gentlemen Owners Plate. Our
Boat was daily employed in tithing, the Armourer con-
ftanily fupplying them with Hooks, ami there was no want
of Lines, which were made of twilled Ribband, of which,
a great Quanuty was driven athore. In the mean time,
thole who were alhore made Twine-fhift" for Rigging, i^c.
and patched up the Canvas tor Sails j the Cooper completed
his Casks, and, in a Ihort time, we had Malls on-end,
tolerably well rigged, and made a good F'igure. But,
PQtwithllanding this Shew, I had aDamp upon my Spirits,
when I reflefted within niyfelf on the certain and un-
avoidable Ditfirulty we fhould tind in calking her tight,
which was like to prove a very ugly I'lece of Work,
where one had bad Seams wretched Tools, and indif-
ferent Artifts to deal with, wliich was our Cafe : However,
when we had done it, and c.ime to put it in the Water, to
try the 1 itncls of our Work, it was followed by an uni-
verfal Outcry, A Sieve ! a Sieve ! And now every one
appeared truly melanclioly aiul delpirited, infomurh that
I was alraid they would not have uli-d any faither Means-,
but, in a little time, by imclVdnt Labour, we brought her
into a tolerable Condition, and, liaving repsiretl the Ship's
I'umps, I contrived them to tit our Rirk : This, they
cry'd, was a poor Dqiendence •, but I defired them to
have Patience, and continue their Aid, in lioing what more
couK! be thought ot, and prejiare to launch her, and then
we Ihould be Utter able to judge what we might exprft
before we ventural to Sea in her -, and that, in the mean
time, the Cooikt tlioulil make a Bucket for each .Man, if
his Materials would hold out, Tiii<, Ixinr; approved on by
all, we aj;r<al to put her in the \V.it'.r the next Spring-
tide, which tell out the -;th <;t Oilol'er 1720. by which
time we had laved 2ju,) l-xK, weighing, one with another,
one Pound caih, and alout lixty Ciallons of Seels Oil, to
fry them in. This, with tthat I imntioncd Ixtore, w.is
all ourSta-tlock The .lpli.J||ue^l Time Iicmg come, wt
Wv-re all really -, but, m laun. Im,;; hr, as (lie tell tioin the
Rl<Kks that which was to reieivc her al\ilt gave way, and
down the lettlul, and lluck tall, our l^uniii b in</ with
the Hea.l towards the .Sea. I tli(nit,'lit '*e wire irranrv-
ably Ijioilid now ; but, wlieii we cmic to make Purihaccs
to railc her again, li.ippily toiiiKl Die did not hang li) heavy
as 1 dreaded ; by which imaiis wc ^i,i lur dear otf, and
fivetl the fame Tide. As llie wii.t olT, 1 nanvd lur 'The
Kficvery, though I was ladly atraid nt hearing ill News
from tholi!al](«t in her. All riiin|;5, hcwi ver, aniwering
t>rerty well, we relolvtd to run tin- 1 lazird of going oil' ^n
her-, .4jul, with thit \'i(w, made all poinblc Uiljatch in
R< tting Things on Ixi.ird : Alter all, a dozai of our
Pen[ilc fhoti- 10 remain on (liore, latli.r tli.in run the Ha-
zard of i^oing to Sea m IulIi a \'cirel ; and lent nie Word,

Ecok I.

when I preHcd them to ir. That as yet they did not think
themli Ives futfitiently prepared for the other WorM •, and
with them remained about as many Negroes and Indian.
When wc lirft came on Ihorc, the Weather would nt.t
permit us to go a tidiing, fo that we were then conftraintd
to live upon Seels •, the Entrails of which, I mull confcfs
are tolerable Foo-.l •, but the conftant and prodigjcm
Slaughter we m.ule of them, frighted them from our Suit
of the in.'.nd. Such as cat Cats, which I could not do,
declared them to be fweet nourilhing F'ood. When wc
were able to ti(h, wc were m a great meafure delivcroi
from tliel'e I lanllhijis ; but fomc of our mifcliicvous Crew
for what Purpolc it is impofiiblc to fay, let the Boat adiittl
and fo Ihc was loll. Wc were then reduced to the Nc-
celTity of m.iking Wicker-boats, covered with Sea-lions
Skin, wiiich did well enough on the Coaft j but we duril not
venture with th:m into the Bay, and, confequently, were
worfe provideil with Fifli than we ncctl have been. \\(
fry'd our lifh in Seel-oil, and then eat it, without Bread,
Salt, or any thing to nlilh it, except a little wild Sorrfl!
We llept under .is indifTcrent Covering as ever People had,
our I labitations being p.irtly covered with the Boughs (,|
Trees, a:id partly with Seel and Sea-lions Skins, whiih
were often torn aw.iy in the Night by Hidden Flaws 01
Wind from tlic Mountains. It is certain, that, take it all
together, a mod wretched Life wc led ; and thcrel'orf
there is nothing more allonilhing, than that the Senfc 1,1
common Mifery did not oblige us to live in Unity, and
in a friendly Corn fjwndcnce -, which might kive IcHlncd
many of thefe Inconveniencies, and have rendered the roll
tolerable. Some Men, however, are of fuch boitleious
and unnily Temper;, that neither good Ufage can oblige,
or Hardlhips comijcl them to a reafonable Behaviour.

18. This Itland of Juan FcrntHdrz has been fo often
defcribed, tlut I Ihall give the Reader only my particular
Remarks is an Eye-witnel's, intending thereby to reprcfcnr
the State of the Itland as wc left ir. It lies in the Ijh-
tude of 3* 30 South, at the Diltmcc of about 90 Lcagun
Weft from the Continent of Chili. It may be about thnc
I-eagues long, and two broad, made up mtirely of Moun-
tains and Valleys ; fo that tlxrc was no walking a Qviarttr
of a Mile upon a Flat. The Anchoring-place is on Lie
North Side of the Illand, which is diftinguifhcd by a Ti-
blcmountain, with an high Iharp Peak on lactiSidc. It is
not fafe to anchor in lels than forty Fathom Water ; a.iu,
even there. Ships arc very much expofcd to tharp Ciies
from the North, which blow frequently, and do fonv.timcs
a great deal of Mifchief. To lay the Truth, there cannot
be a more unpleafant Place to anchor in j for the Bay being
furrounded with high Mountains, there is a conllam Sue-
celT.on ot dcail Calms, and of ludden ftoriny Gulh ii'
Wind. But it is now time to confine ourfelves to tiie
Land, and defcribe what is met with on Ihore. It enjoys
a fine wholfome Air, infomuch that, out of fcventy 01
us that were on it for the Space of five Months and elcvm
Days, not onehul an Hour's Sicknefs, nctwithllandmgthit
we fed on luth tim! Diet without Bread or .Salt ; fo thatw^r
had no Complaints amongft us, except an incelTant craving
Api->ctite, and the want of our former Strength and Vi-
gour. For my own I'art, I muft acknowledge the Bount)'
of Provide nee, that gave me Strength to coix- with luc.i
Vexations as 1 met with •, for, although I loll much oi
my Flelh, I bccam;- cne of the llrongift and nmll active
Men on the Ifland : FVombeing very eorpulent, and almofr
crippled with the Gout, I walked much, and workcel hard
every Day, without Ixing in the ieaft .niifled with th:t
DilUmper \ and may fay, that, if it had not plealld (ioel!)
to have cnalilcd me, wc might probably have nmainu!
there lor Ye.irs to come, fince it is a Place little tVequcnttd
by the Spaniards. The .Soil is fruitful, abounding wit'i
various torts <<f large and beautiful Trees, molUy aronu
tic ; the Nanus ot tholi: we knew were the Pmicnio-
tree, whxh liears a I.eaf like a Myrtle, but iLim.what
larger, with a blue Hlritrom ■. their Trunks are diort anJ
thiek, and tlieir Heads very buihy, and as round ami rf-
gular as if th- y were kt-jit to by Art. There is another
Sort, much (liperieir in Bulk to the former, which I taKf
to h: loinewhat like that whie h alForeis the Jeluits Bark.
On the Te)ps of loiiv- ot the Mountains are Plains covcrcil
with Gio\ei of tlie luilian Laurel, nitntiuiied by //« '

.( t

chap. I. Captain Georgl? Shelvocke.

in his Dcfcription of 0-/7/ i theft; grow up in a ftrait nendcr
Body from whidi fprout fnwll irregular Branches, from
r^RoottothcTop, bearing Leaves like the Laurel, but
iniallcr. Palm-trees arc hkewife found in moR Farts of the
IllamI growing in fmooth Joints like a Cane, fomc thirty,

lomc forty F«« '''8'^ = ^^ ^^*^ °^ '''*^'" " ^^^^ ''"' "*
a Cocoanut-trce, except that the Leaves of thcni are of a
pilcr Green, and bear large Bunches of red Berriis, bigger
tlun a Sloe i they taile like our Haws, and have a Stone
as big as that of an Heart cherry. That which we call the
PiJmrabbagf, is the very Subftance of the Head of the
Trtt 1 which being cut off, and difmembcral of its great
fpreaii'ing Leaves, and all of it that is hard ami tough, you
find inclofed a white and tender young Hcail, with its
Leaves and Bfrrics ptrfeftly formed, and nady to fiippjy
the Place of the old one. When in Search of them, wi;
were obliged to cut down a lofty Tree for every one we
got. One good Qu.ility betonging to the VV(x)t!s which
cover this Ifland \i, that they are cvery-where caly of Ac-
ccfs, there being no Undergrowth, except in fomc of the
dcepcft Valleys, where the Fern grows excectling iiigh, and
of which there arc even large I'rets, with Trunks of good
SuWuncc. Some of the Engliflj, that h.ive been here lor-
merly, have fowed Turncps, which have fprtad very much ;
as have alfo two or three Plantations of Imall I'ompions ;
but my Men had never Patience to let any of theft- come
to Maturity. We likewife found Plenty of Watt r-cri-flcs,
and wild Sorrel : There arc fomc \ I ills remarkabb for a
Rne red Eaith, which I take to be the fame with tiiat of
which the Inhabitants of Chili make their Earthen-ware,
which is almoU as beautiful as the red China. The
Northern Part is very well watered, by a great many Streams
which come down the narrow Valleys : This Water keeps
wdlatSra, and is, I dare fay, as good as any in the World.
Down the WelUrn Peak, contiguous to the Table-moun-
tain, fall two Calcades, at lead 300 Feet perpendicular,
dofe by each otiier, about twelve Feet in Breadth, which
probably fupply mod of the oditr Runs of Water: What
with the rapid Defcent of thcfc Waters, and tlic Palm-trees
winch grow up dofe by the Edges of them, adorned with
vaft Bunches of red Berries, it yields as agreeable a Pro-
fpcft as can be. We (hould have had no want of Goats in
the Mountains, could we have conveniently followed them •,
and Cats arc alfo numerous -, they are, in vSizc and Colour,
txaftly the fame with our Houfe-cats •, thofe who eat them
have affureil me, that they found a more I'ubftantial Relief
from one Meal of ihcm, than from four or five of Seel or
Fi(h ; and, to their great Satisfaftion, we had a Imall Bitch,
which would catch almoft any Number they wanted in an
Hour or two. The Sfaniards, before they fettled in Chtii,
kit a Breed of Goats here, and have fince enileavoured to
dcllroy them, by leaving another Breed of Dogs, but
with no great Eftcct. There are not many foits of Birds ;
bit the Sea, on the Coaft, abounds with a greater Variety
nt all forts of fine I'ifh, than almoft any I know : As for
the Scils, and Sea-lions, lb much has Ix-cn I'.iid of them by
others, that I neeti not dwell upon them. The former arc
cJlfd by the Spamarth Lohos de la Mar, from ihar Re-
fen-.blance of a Wolf; but the Dutch caW them Sea-dogs.
My Opinion is, that they may very piob,ibly he c.illei! .Si.i-
wolvts, their Heads rcfembling that Creature : i'hey have
a nne iron-grey Fur, and arc of the Bi<^nel's, wlu n lull
grown, of a large MalliH": Thiy arc naturahy furly, ai.d
Iwl on the Approach of any body : They liavc two bins,
*hich compole their Tails, with wliich tin y nvike J>hilt to
£ft ^ong much talUr tlun the I .ions, whicii are very l.ir-c
unwieldy Creatures, but withal prixiigioiilly tullol Oil. "
19. OlloitrS. in the Evening, we departed, with no-
thinsi; to lublill at Sea with but the fmoked Congers, one
ol whkh was allowed to each Man for twenty-four I lours,
one Calk of Beef, ami four hvc Hogs, whiUi had kd ail
' iiJ""" °" ''"^ putrefied Carcatls i.f the .S<els we had
■^'IW, with three or four Bufljels of Meal. VSe were lip-
ids of forty troudcd together, lying uix)ii the Bundles
0' "Is, m no Mcthoil of keeping tluiiifjvis cUan ; in

t'Ut all our Senffs were as much

oiieiuh il as pullible. 'Ihere

tT.'n l" °' ^''"'^'' '" ^ ''••»''' «'«'"^^'t \uckmg It out
the talk with the Barrel of a MuiUet, whkh svas made
uiiol by every boiiy promilcuouily i .uid the little unfavoury

Zip

Morfels we daily cat, created perpetual Quarrels, every
one contending for the Frying-pan. All the Convenicncy
we had for a Fire, was only a Half-tub filled with Earth,
which made it lb tedious, that wc had a continual Noiic
of frying from Morning to Night. I propolcd that we
Ihould Hand to the South-eaft, toward the Bay of Concep-
lioM, that being nearcft to us. Every Day, while the Sea-
breeze continued, we were hard put to it •, tor, not having
above fixteen Inches free Board, and our Bark tumbling
prodigiouily, the Water continually ran over us j and, hav-
ing only a grating Deck, and no Tarpawlin to cover it,
except the Baik's Top-fail, which was but thin, our Pumps
would but jull keep us fiee ; notwithftardiiig which, I was
uneafier by bearing away. Conception being our chief De-
pendence. On the loth, at four in the Morning, we fell
in with a great Ship ; and, by the Moon-light, I could
plainly fee Ihc was Eitrope built. Wc were obliged to at^ ia
fuch a manner, as the Nature of our Cafe required, which
was defpcrate: Therefore 1 ftood for her ; and, wc being
rigged after the manner of the Small-craft of the Country,
tliey did not regard us till Day-light \ which coming on,
b-fore we could get quite up with her, they difcovercd the
Biownneis of our Canvas, and immediately fufpefted us,
wore Ship, and haled clofc on a Wind to the Wellward ;
then hoifted their Colours, and fired a Gun, and crouded
away from us, and left us behind tliem at a great rate •,
but, it fallingcalm two Hours afier, we had recourfe to our
Oars, and approached them with tolerable Speed \ and, in
the mean time, overhalcd our Arms, which we found to
be in a very bad Condition, One-thiid of them being with-
out Flints, and but three CutlalFes ; lb tliai. we were not at
all pn pared for boarding, which w,is the only means wc
coukl have of taking any Ship: We had but one fmall
Cannon, which we could not mount, and therefore were ob-
liged to fire it as it lay along the Deck ; and, to fupply it,
we had no more Ammunition than two Round-lhot, a few
Chain-bolts, and Bolt-heads, the Clappers of the Spc-edwti'i
Bell, and fomc Bags or Beech-Hones to fervc for P.i.tndge.
In four Hours we came up with them, every one llvming
as eafy in their Minds, as adually in the Pollellion of her -,
and were only forry, that flic was not deeper laden than fhe
leemed to be : But, as we advanced nearer, I law her Guns,
and Pattereroes, and a conrider..ble Numb.r of Men on
the Deck, with their Arms glittering in tiie Sun. The
Enemy defied us to come on board them 1 and, at the
fame time, gave usa Volley of great and fir.all Shet, which
killed our Gunner, and aimolt brought our Fore-mall by
the Board. This uiuxpided Reception ftaggeied a great
many, who btfore leemed to be the torwarcuft, that they
lay on their Oars for fomc time, notwithlhinding that I
ui:;ed them to keep their Way -, but, recovtrii.g again,
rowed dole up with them, and engaged tliem, till all our
Invdi Shot was expended, which obliged us to fill a-llern
to make fomc Slugs : In this manner we made three At-
tempts, Without any better Succef^. All the Night we
were bulled making iikigs, and had piovidtd a large Qiian-
tity the next Morning, when we came to a tinal Relblu-
tion, of either carrying her, or of lubmitting to hir •, and
aciordingly, at Daybreak, I ordered twenty Men, in our
Yawl, to lay her athwart the Hawfe, whilii 1 1 oarded her
i:i the B.iik : The Peo|jle in the Boat put oft', giving me
ri p. ated Alluranccs of their good Behaviour -, but the very
Inltant we were coming to Adion, a Gale Ipiung up,
and Ihe went away from us. This Ship was called the
Margdreiia, and was the fame which ha.l been a Priv.itcer
bt longing to Saint Malo, and mounted Ibity Guns all the
lall War. In the Skirmilhes we had with her, we had none
killed, except Gilbert Ihnderfon, our Gur.n^r; and three
wounded, which were Mr. Brooks, firft Lieutenant, thro*
tlic Thigh, Mr. CoU/ea, the Maiter, thro' the Groin, and
one of the Forc-malf men in the Small of his Back : Two
i;f thel'e did very well v Mr. CeUj'ea, indeed, lingered in a
iiullrabic manner for nine or ten Months afterwards, but
at length recovered. Our Condition now grew worfc and
worii- : The Seas being too rough lor our uncomforta-
ble Veird, I propofed that wc niiglit get into fair Wea-
ther, bur to take Cvquimbo m our Way, to try what could
be done there. This w.is agreed on ■, but, the very Morn-
ing wc expeded to go into Cejutmio, there came on a very

liaid

220

The V O Y A (^. E S /?/

Book I.

-ii,

l?5 t^-

hard GaK'of Wind, which laftcii four Days •, during which
ti.jic we h,ul no Hopes of living \ we were obli;;ed to
feud under ban- Poles, fi.iviiig our Yawl in Tow, and having
but a Ihort Scope of B<j;it-rope for licr. The exceflive
Fright of this .Storm made many of the People form •
KelbUition of going afhore the very firft Opportunity they
could lay hold on : 1 had no room left to give them fur-
ther Hopes, till at length, calling to mind Mr. Fmier's
Account of the Irtand of /fw'j*?, I mentioned the Sur-
prif d of that Flace, it being but a fmall Lieutenancy, and
where wc might, in all Probability, get fomc whoUbnic
Provifions, and a better Bottom than our own. Every
one approved of this \ and the Sun (hining upon us, and
lying dry at;ain, it inftillcd fomc Vigour into us, and wr
■direCtc.i our Courfe for that liland. The Evening after
we lav Iqiiiqut, which apjwarcd no other than as a white
Rock, at the Foot of tin- Higlvland of Carapucbo. It was
Sun-lit before the Bo.it departed ; which, endeavouring to
land under the Covert of the Night, h.id like to haw been
loll among the Ikcakcn. At lall they heard the Rirking
oi Dogs, and faw the Light of Ibine Candit s ; but, hav-
ing exixneiiccd tlie Haz.ird of landing in the Dark, maile
their Boat fait to a Float of Sea-weeds, tor want ot a Grap-
pling : In thi.? Pofture they remaincil till D.iy-li^;ht, and
then rowed in tx'iwcen the Rocks, and wiiv receival by
fomc IiUidns on tlic Shore, with an ignorant Welcome :
Ring adiorc, they went to the Lieutenant's Houfe ; and,
finding it lockid, broke it ojxn, and roiiugid the whole
Villa<;e, and found a Booty, !nor.'v.ilu.ii5!e to us at prefent,
than Gold or Silv.-r, wiii( !i con(ift;\i of fixty Bulhils of
Wheat llirtir, no ot Caiavanccs and Corn, fome jerked
Bicf, Pork, ar.d Mutton, 10,000 Wciglit of well-cured
F'llh, a g(X)d Number of Fowls, fonie Rufk, and four or
five Days Eating of foft Bread, roj^ahcr wirh (ive or fix
Jan ol PmiVidH V\in.' and Bramiy ; and had the gocnl
Fort'.i.".c to finil a Boat near the Shore, to bring oil" tlieir
Plunder, which oihcrwife would luve Ixen of little I'fc to
us, our owa Bo.u bti.ig laden with M;n. Meanwhile we,
in the Bark, were carried away to the Northward, by the
Current, out of Sight of the liland ; and they, not having
laden their Boats betorc the Heat of the Day, had a labo-
rious Task to row off their hcavy-lai^n Bo.ats ; whilft we
nerc under the nulaiuluily Apprchenfions, that our People,
not linking any thing confiderable, had taken it into their
Hcjiis to Hay alhoie, and ddlit us : But tliefe Clouds di-
fpcifed, when, towards the Evening, I perceived two Boats
approaching us very fall, and dilo.vcrtd them as much
burdened as they could lately be. Wonls cannot exprels
the Joy that reigned among us when they came aboard :
The Scene was now changed trom Famine to Plenty, the
Loaves of foft Bivad were diftrihutcd, and the Jais of
Wine broached ; but I took care they ih.ni d dr;nk mo :c-
rately of it, each Man having no more t!ian half a Pint :
And, atttr livm.; a Day or two on whollbmc Diet, we won-
dered our Stom.ichs rould .'ig (1 the rank nauleous Eels
fried in I'ra.n oil-, and could hanllv lx.liive, that we had
lived or. nothing clfe tor a Montli 'pall. I was alfured,
by my fec(,nd Lieutenant, th.:t the Indians dkl not exjirel's
any gnat Cmccrnat wh.it hap;Kned, but fcemed rather to
be plealeii ;it oi.r plirdaing the Spaniards; fo natural it
is tor had Mafhis to iind h.nemies in their Servants.

'I his littl-' lilanl ot Ijiiique lies in the Latituilc of 19°
50 South: It i, about a Mile and an h.ilf in Cirtumferenr,
and h.i!f a Mile, or th'nah.uts, tro:n the Main-land (,f
Pirii, the Chanel iH-rwern lull ot Roeks. It is ot a nv)-
dcnite He'plir, but the liulkof it is entirely compofed ot
Cormnrants-dunr^, wiirh, as 1 have belore oblerved, is
madeuleot tor maniiniit; the I and, which proituces Cod-
pepper. In Colourit is exce-ding whit: ; lb that Places co-
vcrnl with It apjx-ar, ;it a Ditlan c, l.ke Llulk-clHrs. The
Smell ot It IS certainly v.ry otfciliv , and, m all Probal.i-
lity, very unwiiollomc -, but the (jam tliat is made ct it
very conliderable, lime levcral Ships 1<,3 i here every Year,
an.l carry it to .Irica. There are no I:ih.il)it3nts on it l>ut
Ncgro-daves, who clean and prepare it in large Heaps
near the Shore, ready fcr Boats to t.ike it olf. As to tae
V .llage, where the Lieutenant relides, that is on the Con-
t.icnt, clofe by the Scalide; u conliiis of alx.ut fixty
jirattcrcd dl-built Houlcs which hardly dckrvc tliat Name'

and a fmall Church \ there is not the lead Virdure to bo
fecn alxnit it, nor does it afford the Icaft Necelfary of l,j|;.
nor I'ven Water, which tliey are obliged to telch'fronith.l
riuebradn, or the Break of hfagur., in Boats, ten Leagm
to the Northward. Being, theretore, a Place li) niilirjiilo
we may conclude, that the Advantage accruing to them i™
Guana, or Cormorants-dung, is the only Inducement to
bring Inhabitants to this Place. This lall IiKonvenifrcc
was what, 1 fuppolir, led them to the Contrivance ot bmij.
ing their I labitations on the Main-land •, which, thuupli it
is a Situation as hideous as can he imagined, and not whoHv
out of the Stench of the offenfivc Vapours of the llle c,
Iqutque, yet is not quite li) fuHbcating. But although tlie
L.ind is fo dcfolate and forbidding, the Sea affords two or
three forts of excellent Filh, of liich Kinds as I never Uw
l>efore ; one of them is hke a large Silver Eel, tho' inmh
thicker in projiortion to its Length ; thele and the rcll !:■;
equally delicious. They cure them in a cleanly nui.ntr,
and export grc.it Q.i"ait"'" "f 'hem by the Ships wlnh
come tiom Guano. By two Indian Priloners we were in-
formed, that the 1 .ieutenant of Iqutque had a Bo.it at Pi'j
^tiit, whicli wa^ lent U)r Water, ot which as wc began ta
lt.ind in need, I lent Mr. Rundatt, fecond l.iciten.int,
in iiu; (1 of her j but this failed •, and though they miilc;.
the Velfel, they landed in a dangerous manner, on a lor;
of a I'loat called Raljcs, mucii in Ulc on this Coall -, iliry
brought off only a few Bladders of Water, and three or
four liilfcs, very arti tic tally fewcd, and filled with V, mil,
made fall along-iide one of another : On thcfe the Kou\r
fits, looking torward> with a double Padille ; and, as hi
as he can jvrccive the Wind toclcape from under, hemlJs
a Supply, by a Contriv.ince lor that l*urpole. 1 hell- it
the chief Embarkations m.ide ufe of by the Filhcrm n,
anil are ler\'iceable for landing en this Coall, which ha-,
hardly one linooth Beach trom one End to the other ci ;r.
We ihould have looked into the Port of Arica, but t;.j;
wc licard there w.is a Shi[> ot Force there. We contmu.,!
our Courfe to Lt Nafte, of which Port wc met with a lar~
Ship, about two 1 lours before Day-light. It was ten 1,1
the Morning betbre we came up with her, tho' wc io»;d
very hard ; and alter a brisk Difpute, wliich tailed iix ur
li-'vcn I lours, and then the Sea-breczc coming in very llroig,
we were obliged to leave her. This Ship was i ailed :i\v .k.
I'rancijco Palacio, of 700 Tons, ciglit Guns, and te.T Pat-
tererocs, a j^reat Number ot Men, 'and well provided u:;.i
imall .Arms ; although (he was. lb deeply laden, that, a
Iht rolie.i, the Water ran through her Scuppers, ovtriit.-,
u[xjn Deck i lo that Ihe had mote of the Relemblanie cfji;
ill-contrived wooi!en Callle, than of a Sliip, aci ordirg :o
the Kalliion ot building at p:elent in Europe Irwa^ia
ill Fortune to meet two of the bell equipped Ships, ir, :,-,c
Private Trade, at that time, in the South .Seas. In i.iis
Action, we had not alovc twenty linall Arms th.it wir;
of any I'll-, winch w,is the Fdecl ot their inconruin:;
I'roce. dings on 'Juan lernandez -, but, notwithlVindiiig 1! 1 ,
they were ll) impatient, that fomc ot them were rclolv.t
to go ami fiirrcnJer iiiimediati ly to the |-.nemy. foprt-
vent tins, I ordered tuiii Men, I thought I could trull, ir.t)
our two IkKits, to put it out of tlicir Power i but thul!: t»u
that were in tlv WW B >ui deceived me, and went a«ay wufi
her ; and my tirll I .uuter.int, and Morfbew, m.^de a Fartv
to goaw.iy with the only Boat wc had left -, which tluv h.:
cert.unly effected, hut tli.it it blew lb liard the n.xtl).iy,
as to hinder ihf ni from executing their Dcfign \ the Know-
ledge (,t whah I was torced to dilfembie, as I wa;.cor.l'j
ous I had not Power eiiot.gh to punifh them.

20. We ftood, the Day following, into the Road of P/>J,
where we law a very fine Ship, and rcfolved tinaiiiinui.'y
to b;ard her. Wc lirll ordered our Boat to intercept thwsi
which they milTed : But we kept our Relolution rev«-
thelefs i and, to our great Satutatfion, when we camt ;o
board, the Captain, and all his Oflicers, nut us with thc.r
Hats off, Ixleeching i:s to grant them pooti (ji^tartr? .
whiih we readily cua. She was a good Slup ol alxnit :.^
'1 oi.s, called ttie Jefu Maria, almoll l.uien with I'mh,
Tar, Copper, and Plank i but nothing elk. Tiie Captain
oltend lOuoo Dollars tor hei Ranlom -, but I naild rot
comply, the Rttovery b<ii,g difablcd in her Malls by bwrJ-
ing i and not only lo, but I was hindered by th: CoiifiJ'ra-
j twii.

Chap. I. Captain George Shelvocke.

221

,K,n tlut now we m'tglit have Room enough to en|oy our-
• Vi's, fame Clianlinels at leaft, an Article we had been
rf c\ Stranger* to ever ftncc we had departed trom tlic
Lml (if lujn iirnandez. We tlicrcf ore niatle the iitmoft
Dilpitch in getting i very thing out o» the Bark. The Spa-
,„fiC.iptain inlbrmrd mc, tliat the Margaretia had been
arnvui lome time at Ca!ac, where (he had given a lull Ac-
count ohiSi tlut tlic Captain, and tliree Men, were killed
li, the Aftion ; and that the I'ricft, and icveral otlicrs, were
WDunckil ; and tliat flu- was now ready to put to Sea again,
With an Aiidiiion of ten Giins, and fifty Men, to criiile
for us 1 ami that the llyingfijb, a Frigate of twenty-tight
C;ii:i<, wasalrcaily out with the fame Intent •, and that there
was Advice fint both Ways along-ftiore, and Commiflions
to equip what Strength they had to catch us. All the
Night, they were upon the Watch at the Town, making a
Shew, by the continual firing cf Guns, to give us an liarnell
olwlut we mull expcc'l, it we lliould attempt a Dcfceiit.
Having cleared our Bark the next Morning, we gave her
(0 tlie ^anifb Ciptain i and, as foon as the Breeze fprung
up, we w.ighcd, and went to Sea, and, in going out, met
«it!i our Buat, that had left us. Thiy edged towards us,
imagining we wire Spaniards \ by which means we got them
again. Ihe two Fellows were almoll dead, having neither
Mt r.or drank any thing ibr three Days part, and had jull
been allioreon a fmall If.and ne.ir this Harbour, to kill fome
Scfl«, to ilnnk their lil< ml. 'Fluy had no Excufe, but that
th.y tellallfcpi and that the Breezes hail wafted us in the
Bark away from them. We ha^i not much time to obferve
the Place, which, however, upon a tranfu-nt View, appeared
to us very pleafantly (ituited among Orchards and \'mc-
yarils. Altir well t'tit, we proceeded a'uig the Coaft very
caiitioully, as knowing, that we were now almoft in the
Muuths ot ourFnemus, and that the lealt Aft of Indifcre-
tion mull throw us into their Hands. W'c ventured, how-
ever, to look into the Ko.uis oiGtiambiicc, Malabriga, ar.d
Cbtnpe; but, feeing no Shipp.ir.g in them, palfed on be-
tween the Idand oiLobos de Tien a and the Continent. On
Hivtmbtr 25. we found ourOlves near the Saddle oi Piiyta \
aid 1 immediately bcthougiit me, that, tiio' our Force was
much diminiiheri fince we lail took it, yet we might, with-
niit my Hazard, furpnfe them in the Night. Accordingly,
we endeavoured to get in with the Ship, till, it growing
cilm, It wa.s thought better to defer it till the Morning,
finte our being in a Spaiujh built Shi^ would be fuHicient to
deceive the Inlubiunts, and make it imjH)nibIc for them to
fufpcd us. In the Morning, the Ft opie alliore, obfeiving
the I'atigu;' we underwent in making fo many thort Trips to
g.ii!i Ground to Windward, lent olV a l.iige Boat, full of
Men, to liiip us to bring in our Ship, and intjuire News of
us. As loon .IS we law them making towards us, 1 ordered,
t!u none ftiould be fceii, but luch ;u. wore the Spamflj Coin-
jikxicn and Drefs, who were ready to anfwer fuch Qiiellions
as thry alked in hailing us, and give them a Rope to make
Till their Boat when they ilapped us aboard, while fome
IhtulJ Ix' concealed under the Gunnel, with Mufquets ready
to i:<;ir,t into their Boat, and command them in as foon
a: th y lud made themfelvis tall. 'J'his Stratagem had its
liTu't. I examined the I'lilbners of the Condition ot the
T;;wii, which, tiiey alTured us, was very poor at prtlent,
there being neither iMoney nor I'rovifions in it-, and Ihewed
m: almall Bark on fliore, which Captain Clipperton had lint
in a little while Ixlore, with Ibmc of his FriloneiSi ujjon
v.i;th every thing had been again removed into the Conn-
f'T Thii unwekome News did not hinder us from keep-
ing on our Way, with our Spanifij Colours flying, till we
came 10 the Aiichor.ige. 1 lent Mr. Brooks, as foon as our
Aiicl.or wMs down, with both the- Boats, and twenty-fuur
M-'i, no more ot them appearing than thofc that rowed,
ana two or three fitt.ngin (ac!i, ihe rell, with their Arms,
)"''g in the Bottoms ot tlie Boats ; fo dut, when my I'eople
iw.u. theylound the Children playing on the Beach, who
im-.Hdiatcly took the Alarm, and ran .iw.iy at the Sight of
arnitd Men. In an Inft.mt, the whole Flace w.u in a Con-
iHniaiion and happy was the Man who could make his
Li^H'^'i the- Town being left dellitute, and t!ie Fnemy
^^i';g t<x) minbleof I'oot for ours to overtake them. 'Fhey
ri^Ueked /'.;,/«, and, upon a ilrid Search, lound, that
''i^r irilontrs lud not deceived us in living the Flacc was

poor; for they could find nothing but a few Bales ofcoarfe
Cloth, about 500 Weight of dried Dog-filh, two or three
Pedlars Facks, and an inconfiderable Qiiantity of Bread
and Sweat-meats : So that we had but fmall F'.aiployment
for our Boats. But, though we had fo little Succcfs in our
I^nil Enterpri/e, we took a Booty as wc lay at Anchor in
the Shipi which was a Velfelwith about Hlty Jarsof f^r«-
vian Wine, and Brandy. The Mailer of her told me, that
he was come by Stealth from Calao, there being Orders,
that none but Ships of tome Force flunild llirout. He told
me the lame Story that the Captain of the 'Jeftis Maria had
before, and gave me to underlland, that it would be next
to imiwITible tor mc to get oft' from the Coaft without being
taken. But to return to the Town : My People were in
no gre.it I lurry to tjiiit it, and, it being now dark, fome
of the Spaniards, who were lurking about the Out-(kirts of
the 'Fown, hearing lb many Small-arms liied in the Road,
intlantly concluded, that our Ship was attacked, and were
in hopes, that fome of their Men of W.ir were come again
to deliver them from the 1 lands of their F'.nemies. Upon
ihefe falfe Siirmiles, they began to aflemble together ; and,
being appriled of the fmall Number oi Englijb afliore, who
did not exceed eighteen, came down the Hills in a great
Fury. At tirll my People, not doubting they were in Ear-
nell, took Ketuge in the biggell Church, reiblving to de-
fend thcmit Ives there ; but at length they marched out, and
formed themfelves into a Line, kept their Drum be.iting,
and, one ot them liring a Mukjuet at random, they fpoiled
the Spanitirds Jell, heard no more of them, and embarqued
very ijuietly. From hence we directed our Courfc for the
Iflaiid of ii'crgoiia, in the Bay of Panama ; and, in our
i'aHagc thirher, built a Tank, or woixlen Cillern, to hokl
ten 'FiJiis of Water. In our Way, we made the Illand of
Plate, Cape Si. Francijco, and GorgoiielLi, or Little Cor-
gona i and, on December 2. ariivcil at the Iiland of Gorgona
itfelf, where we hati the Advantage of tilling our Water-
calk in the Boat, the Water running in fmall Streams into
the Sea ; and cut down our Wood at High- water-mark :
So that, in leli than I'orty-eight 1 lours, we did our Bufi-
nefs. From thb Fl.ice wc hurried away, for te.ir of thole
who migl-.t be in tiuift of us j and, having got out of the
i'rack of the Enemy's Ships, contulted on the properert
Methoil of proceeding : And then the Majority were for
going diretflly for the Coalls of Jfta. Upon which, ws
changed our Ship's Name from the JejUS Maria to the
Happy Return, and applied all our Emieavours towards
quitting tliele Coafts ; but the Winds and Current were
contrary ; and fome againll this Motion did lb much Da-
m.ig<- ciaiKleftmely to our I'ank, that the greatell Part of
the Water leaked out, fo that this, with continual contrary
Winds, and dead Calms, which had detained us, till our
Provilions were much exhaulled, rendered us incapable of
undertaking lb long a Run : i'herefore, to furnilh ourfelves
with what we wanted, 1 proiiokd a Defcent on Rio Lejo, in
the Latitude of ii" 50 North, on the Coaft of Mexico ;
but, in our Way thitiier, we accidentally fell in with Cape
Burica, in the Latitude of 8' 20' North; and then, on
fecond Thoughts, judged it would be later for us to make
Ibme Attempts on the Illand of i^tibo, in the Latitude of
7" 30 North, where, by Captain Rogers's Account, I
gucilcd their were Inlubitants, who lived plentifully on
tlie Product of that Illand.

Captain Betagh, in his Remarks, gives us quite a dillcr-
ent \'iew of every Frani.iction : He alferts, of his own
Knowledge, that the Margaretta, inllead of k'ing a forty
Gun Ship, carried only thirteen Guns j and turther alferts,
that the Commander of her, who was a l-'renclmmt, told
him, they had not above a do'/cn Cartridges 01 Powder on
board, and two or three Small-arms belonging to the Pallen-
gers, with only Stones and Ballall for Shot. I le likcwile
allures us, that they lutVered no other Hurt, tlian a Negro
beii.g wounded in the Cheek ; and that a Man ilood by the
Colours, re.tdy to ftrike them, in cafe Captain Shelvocke
had boarded her -, but that it was the Ca[)tain, and not the
Men, who thought it I- ll to llieer olV, without making fucli
an Attempt. He admits, however, that Captain Shelvocke
did his utmort F.nde.ivour to take the other great Shin ; but
that, his Bark being too lliglit, Ix- failed. He likewife
acknowledges, that the Captain was in the right not to ac-
i L cept

mi V

1 1

Hi-

•i

i i

; Ij

ill '

•■•I ]

1*
1 < <

ill i '

212

cent the 16000 Dollarj i)lttreil him for the JefusMnrinx
KiaulV it gave him an Opiwrtiinity of cruiUng in the boiitn
Sms, or of going to Jp, whenever he thought it nicti-
fary. But l.t us tow nturn to the Voyage • .

2 1 . On January i ?. 1 7 2 1 , wr entered, fay* the Laptain,
between the inands of .^«*9 and l^^n-etta, in twcniV ha-

7hc V OY ACfE S of

Book I.

there was a goal clofe Harbour a httle to tlie South i and
that they fawno Signs of Inhabitants, except three or four
Huts by the VVatcr-fuie, whicli, they fupiwfed, had tor-
merly been maiie ufe of by Pearl-fifhers, there being great
Quantities of Mother-of-pcarl-fliells about them. I confi-
ileretl the Matter attcntirely, and at Uft refolvcd not to
fliut myfelf up in a clofe Harbour, for fear of bad Confe-
qucnccs. As foon as Day broke the next Morning, we faw
two large Boats rowing in for ^ivttta, one ot them hav-
ing Spanijb Colours flying ; which gave mc fomc Apprc-
henfions, that they might have fome Intelligence ot, and
inteniied to attack us. It may not be amifs to inform the
Reader here, that the Mulattocs on the Coaft of Mtxue are
remarkable for their Courage, and have fometimes done
very bold Aftions in fuch fmall Embarkations as thefe.
However, as to the People we had to do with, they con-
tinued their Courfe, till we faw them go into a fmall Cove
on the Idand of ^hetla \ which gave us very great Satif-
faftion, as it convinced us, that they had no Thoughts of
attacking our Ship. The Tables were now turned, and,
from contriving how to defeitd ourfelves, we began to turn
our Thoughts on the Means of engaging them ; and, after
a little Debate, whether it would be prudent for us to atuck
them in our Boat, it was refolved, on all Hazards, to go
after them in our Yawl •, which Enterprire was cx)mmandcd
by Mr. Bratks firft Lieutenant, who found them all afhorc,
brought away their Piraguas, and two Prifoners •, the one
a Mulatto, the other a Negro. The reft fought for Re-
fuge in the Wooiis. We took all their Provifions, which
confiftcd of a little Pork, and fome green, ripe, and dried
Plantains. There was a large Quantity of the latter, which,
being pundcd, made a grateKil Flour to the Tafte, indif-
ferently white 1 and, all tifficther, made up a Month's
Bread. The Mulatto mortined us very much, by telling
us, that a Veffcl, laden with Provifions, had pafled very
near to us in the Night ; but, to make amends, promifed
to comluft us to a Place, where we might fupply ourfelves
without Hazanl, provided we were not above two or three
Days abotit it ; wlierefore we were very briflc in getting our
Wood and Water. On January 16. we weighed from
hence for Mariato, that being the Name of the Place wc
were bound to. In going out from Sluiie, we were in im-
minent Danger of being horfcd by the Current upon two
Rocks, lying at a fmall Diftance from one another off the
Northermoft Point of ^/:r//(»i but, having cleared them,
we fteercd through Cana! Bueno, or the Gaed Chantl, (a
called, from its Safety, being free from dangerous Shoks and
Rocks. It might as proptrly be called tlic Strcights of
^mbo, which forms the Wcftern Side of it, extending about
eight or nine Leagues North and South. Ovcr-againft the
South Entrance of thefe Streights, at the Dilbnce of
a League from Point Mariato, wliich is the Wcftermoft
Point of the Gulph of St. Martin, lies the Idand ofSebaeo,
which is, to the beft ot my Judgment, about ten Leagues
in Circumference. I ran along the South End of ir, and
found every Point flat at fcaft a League from the Shore -,
and, on the iqth in the Evening, we got fife in between
Mariato and the Ifland of Stl^co, and anchored in fix Fa-
thom W.«er, ovcr-ag,\infl a preen Field -, which is Inltriir-
tion fii>fici;'nt, there bring but that clear Spot thereabouts.
Our Pilot defired wc might !v going; at leafl. three Hours
before Day-light, and that iht 11 we (bould b<- in good time
at t'le Plantations Aaordim^ly, I went at two the next
Morning in our own Bojt, and or.icred tiie two Lieutenants
m the two PiragiLu, l.jv.ng my Son, and a few with htm,
to tak.- care of the Ship. Our Pilot, having us in Charge,
farria) us up Ibnv Part of the River of St. Martin, and,
cut of tliat, into fever.d Branches oi very narrow Creeks,
aiiion'',ll many Groves, where we had not Room to row!
I roulil by no means approve of this N.ivigation, and th-rc-

fore kept a ftrift Eye upn our Guide, and was irady to
lufpcdt, that he had no goal Delign in his Hrail. w^
Luwlcdjull at Day break, and, when we came on the Bank,
found ourfelves in a fine Savannah or Plain i and, alter 4
March of about three Miks, came to two Farinhoufis ;
But thofe belonging to them mailc their Efcapc, except the
Wife and Children of one Houfe. We had tJic Satisfac.
tion of feeing, that this Place anfwered the Defcription that
hod been given us of it, being furrounded by numerous
Herds of Black Cattle, Hogs, and plenty of Fowls of lU
forts, together with Ibme dried Beef, Planuins, and hJi„
Corn ; and, for the prefent, wc were entertoinett with a
Breaktaft of hot Cake and Milk : A Diet we had been long
unacquaintetl with. When It was broad Day, I faw our
Ship clofe by us •, upn which I afked our Mulatto, How
he came to bring us (o far about.? Who anfwered, That
there was a River between us \ and that he did not know,
whether it was fordable, or not. I therefore fent feme to
try, who found it was not above Knee-deep : Whertfort,
to avoid carrying our Plunder fo tiir by Land and Water, I
ordcrcil, that our Boats Ibould row out of the River of St.
Martin, and come to the Beach over-againft the Ship. Wj
had not been long here, before we had the Matter of the
the Family in Cuftody, who brought Horfes with him, and
defired we would make ufe of him in any thing he could
ferve us. This Offer was kindly received » and I prefently
employed him to carry what I thought fit to our Boat. Thu
done, he went among his Black Cattle, and brought us
what Number I thought wc could lave ; for we had but
little Salt, and I could not afford Water to keep them alive
when we came to Sea ; fo that, as foon as they were on
board, they were killed, and their Flelh preferved by cutting
it into long Slips, of the Thickncfs of one's Finger, and
then fprinkling it with fo fmall a Quantity of Salt, thatwc
did not ufe Sbovc four or five Pounds to too Weight.
Having let it lie together two or three Hours, we hung it
up to dry in the Sun two or three Days fucccfTively s which
perfeftly faved it, which could not have been done in any
any other way, by any other Quantity of the beft Salt. .\t
we had now done all we propofed, we departed from hcn«
the next Morning, with our Decks full of^ Fowls and Hogs,
amongft which one had his Navel on his Back ; whkh, the
Spaniards fay, when wild in the Woods, is a terrible Cm-
ture to meet with, altho*, at their full Growth, they are
but fmall. We retumed by the iame Way that wc camt,
through Canal Bucno, and made a Stop at ^iho, to com-
plete our Water •, and, when wc failetl, gave our two Pri-
foners the largeft Piragua, that thofe ftill remaining at iiii-
vttta might return from whence they came. But I muft
here inform my Reader, that the Wine and Brandy wehai
taken, had worked fo brifkly with my Ship's Company, a
to divide them into two Parties, inveterate to the lall De-
gree one againft another, who ufed to be fo firmly united
at firfl 1 infomuch that I have had, in one Night's time,
the Ringleaders of both of them defiring me to eljwufc thtir
Caufe, both affuring mc, that the other had a Defign on try
Life 1 and urgetl me to take the Opportunity to murder
thofe, who were not of their F'aftion. It is even unaccount-
able to myfelf, how the Mifchicf was divcrtal ; for I couLi
ufe no Means, but fpeaking calmly to them on both Sides, arJ
f'iffer them (indeed it was out of my Power to hinder it)
to get drunk as often as they would -, and, in that Condi-
tion, they have often, all tt)gether, been Ikirniirtiirs with
each other ; and I have had, more than once, my C!ua!l:<
ahnofl torn o(T my Back in endeavouring to part their:. I:
W.1S haijpy, that this Trade did not laft longi for, whii:
they had any thing to drink, I judged it untate to lay ir,)'
Head on my Pillow ; which almoft wearied me out of ir./
Life. But their free .Accel's to the Liquor (l-.crt.Ted tli:
Term of this mifcrable Way of pafling our Tim.-; and ti'.u",
while it held, it was attended by fome vexatious 0>nlc
quinces, yet it had this one gooil Eticcf, that it hel|ieJu'!'
with the liquid F.vil at a great rate. NecellitiHis Hung r
oblii^ed them to aft jointly and vigoroufly u,\nth- r at hU-
riato; hut, after having glutted thrmfelves a Day or two,
they reLipIld again, and were as diftrai'-tcd as ever, though
now m the midft of a molt rate Plenry. My 1 .and, a-, wrli
as Sea-officers, were now obliged to learn, at Icilt, how
to (leer, in order to take their Turns with the Scamfn-
c ii--''

i-'

Chap I. Captain George Shhlvocke.

223

Sjfh wii t'le Pafs thty hail now brwight th'mfclw to j of Calat, tluy fell In with the F^iiltJilfi, % Frlgiff, which
h,ir own, arki were cvrn in a worfc Situation than^I j inaf- got lale from tlum, »lthoVigh^tlMpljr laden wlthV YnJu-

tor, by

rmkirg my Authority, they had abfolutely loJl by uni^rdonablc MilinanAKemcnt on the Fwt of C/(«f#r/«f,

a» ihc Crew, for their own fiikis, were obliged to able Cargo. Suth wm my Dlfcowrfe with Mr. D«t;</»<»,
hivc ricourfc to me upon all l-mergencics, obcyi^'g me when a Gale fj)rung up, whkh Interrupted Ul, wd I bore

iiiucli

tow;

unaually while thofc lalted, and abuling mc plentifully as down upon the Smifi^ and Went on board' of her. I
Ln 15 they were over. gave Captiin UipftrlcH, and Mr. UtdJV^, the Agent Ge-

r On the 15th of 7<i»«47 in the Morning, we dif- neral, the whole Hiftory of my Voyage hitherto, and
(overcd a Sail about two Leagues to the Leeward : Wc exiiedcd that I flujuld httvc Iwrn trctt'.cd by them ai one
livcthtm Chace till futii time as we difcovered they were belonging to the fame IntcreH, but luuml I was tnittaken i
turctt built i and then, f -aring (he might be one of the for they were unwilling lu h«vr »\vi thInR to do with me,
Kntniii-' M^" °^ ^"' ' clappcl on a Wind, and in half fince my Ship Was loft. Howcvi 1 , I . . .iKuvtd, he would
an Hour it fell calm. We loon after (aw a Boat rowing not be lb inhuman ai to deny u.i, lite Supply of fuch Nc-
arai us, which proved the I'innacc of our Confort the ceflTaries as I wanted, and ne foiiid ronvcnicntly fpore.
... , . ^ A , • »^„ f,„ ,• The Anfwer was, That I fliould know more of his Mind

the next Day. Amongft other Dilcourrc, he told mc.that
he wa* juft come from the I -and of tViW \ that his People
werefickly, and at very (hort AlKtWiinic: Whereupon I
offeretl my Service to pilot him to Mamtt^ which vraa
not above thirty Leagues dilUnt from Ul» where he might
have rcfrelheti his Company, and fupplled himfelf with
what he would. But ims was not ucicptrd, he being
rcfolved to make the beft of hu Way to the Trti Mariat,
where he faid there was Turtle enough to be hail \ (o I
left him for that Night. The next Morning, as 1 was
going on board of him again, with fume ot my Officers,
he at once (pread all hit C«nvU| and croudcd away from
us who were in the Boat \ upon which 1 returned to our
Ship again, and mode Siunnis of DiiVrefi, and fired our
Gun (everal times, whkli wai not rcgtrded by him, till
his very Olhcers exclaimed at hli Barbarity, and at laft he
brought-to. When I had f>tilrd up with him, I fent Mr.

•^uafit commanded by their firlt Lieutenant Mr. Davifon.
This Interview amazed us both 4 he was furprifed to (ind
me in fuch a Condition, and I no lc(s at lindina him in
thofe Seas. 1 enteruincd him with a Kchcarfal of our
Misfortunes, which had happened in the long Interval,
fince we were fcparated near the Coaft of EngUnd, till our
pnicnt Meeting 1 and he, on his Part, entertained me
Ji-ith remarkable Incidents which had fallen out with them \
particularly, Aat about a Twelvemonth before they had
taken a new frtnth Brigantine, and put their Officers and
Ship's Company's Plunder on board of her, which they
vihied at 1 0,000 Pounds Sterling \ that their fecond Cap-
tain Mr. MilcMlwis intruded with the Command of her,
and was ordered to go with her to fome IHand on the
Coaft of Ai<x<Vfl, and there to ftay till Captain Clipptrton
joined him with his Ship j but that they never could find
the Wand fince, and thcnfore judged, that poor Miubtlly

ind hiiMen, were either (l^cd, or murdered by the , ,

Iftdtrit or InSans, who are very dexterous at that kind Brooks^ firft Lieutenant, to know the Keafon of his abrupt

ol Work, or that he had perilhcd with the Idand, which
Captain ClifftrUH, and fomc others, were of Opinkm was
fui^, fince by all their Endeavours, they could not find it
out. Stanled at fo improbable a Conje^re, Mr. Dni/cH
continued, that I need not be furprifed at it, fince fuch Sub*
merfions were very common on the Coafts ; and began to
tell me of a dreadful Indancc of it on the Coa(t of Peru,

Departure, and to tell him, that we Aood In need of
feviral NecefTaries, which I would purchafc of him : Upon
thefc Terms he fpared me two uf hit Quarter-deck Gum,
flxty round Shot, fome Mufquet-balli and Flinti, and a
Spanijb Chart of the Coa(\ of MtHlte, and Part of India
and China, an half Hour and on half Minute Glafs, •
Compal's, and about luo Weight of Salt \ but, all the

whicii had happened a litde before % for, fays he, my Cap* Arguments I could uJc, could not perfuade him to fpare

tain, having a Defire to kwk into the Road of Cbtripe,
when wc arrived there, wc found the Town, and a great
Part of the Luid, which formed the Road, intirely under
Water \ but, 1 undeceived him in this, by telling him,
how lately wc had fcen that very Place. The Truth of it
Is, that Captain CUpptrtoHt though he was reputed to be
well skilled in thb Navigation, was always unfortunate in
Unding out any Port, (3c. and, left his continual Blunders
Hicukl \x imputed to his Ignorance, he always found out
fome Expedient to evade any Sufpicion of his Inability.
The Story of Captain Miuhtll, who was a very worthy
Man, and an expert Sailor, is, in all its Circumftanccs,
very tragical ; dicre was always a Jealoufy betwetn him
and his Captain, who ordered him to a Place (and pre-
tended to give him infallible Diredions to find it) which
never coul.t be found afterwards, and, it is my Opinion,
never was above Water \ and tlic unlbrtunate Gentleman,
Without doubt,peri(hed in fomc obfcure miferable Manner,
in the Quell of a Place that was never yet, and perhaps
never will be, difcovered. In our Difcourfe, I asked Mr.
Dr.ijcs the Value of their Booty, who aflured me, that it
Old nut exceed 70,000 Dollars, but tlut diey had loll great
Op^ortuniticj : That \nOihbtr 1720. they were in the
Bay of Conception, and had the Misfortune of leaving
three Udtn Ships behind them, and miiral a fourth, that
Wis coming into the Bay, which was fo near as to hail
tiitm, talk to them, and was becalmed by them \ and
tiut, tiiough it yoi probable, tlut their I.aunch would
njvf taken th^m all four, yet, through their Captain's
Dcitnelj to Advice, tJiiy took none ot tlum i and that,
•i'oif over, they had never tlrantd tlicir Bottom, notwith-
U-.dinc they had it fevtral times in their Power to do
'|iaiidthatthi8Ncglit^ciicc lud like to have coll them
uir 1 tor, m their Kctura trom Conceftton, they looked
mimmbo, where they law live Ships at Anchor, three
0' whivh let fiip utter thnn, and neared tium apace •. but,
cyttie havour ol timk WcatlKr.anda hard (iaic ot Wind,
t^y got dear ol tiicm: And lurtlier, tlut off the I'o.i of

us the leaft thing out of hU Surgeon's Cheft for the Relief
of Mr. Celdfea, our Mafter, who wai ftill very ill of hii
Wounds received in the Engagement with the Mtrgaretat
about three Months bcture, Wc returned, for what we
had of him, fome Bales of coarfe Druad-cloth, as much
Pitch and Tar ai he would have, lumc Pigs of Copper,
and I gave him a large filver Lftdle for a dozen of Spadoes.
When this was concluded, I Hiked him if I could be of any
Service to him -, anil alllircd him, that I hild a pretty good
Ship under Foot, though (he nwdc but a poor Figure v and
believed that 1 could hold him Way, and that he knew that
our Cargo was pretty valuable. I'u which he anfwered,
I'hat, if I had a Cargo of Gold, he had no Buflnefs with
me •, and that I mull take carcut myfrlf. Mr. Hendry the
Agent, Mr. Haintr, and Mr. Dfdd, Licutrnanu of M»>
rines, feeing but little PrufinA, that wc Ihould ever get
Home, and being weary ot the hard Work that was im»
poled on them, defired I would let them go on board the
Suaefs for a Paifuge to England \ which I having confented
to, they went on board accordingly, and Clipptrton left ua
to (hitt lor ourfelves near the llUnd of Cant, Having this
Supply, I was for going to (he .*^outhward into the Bay of
PaHtima, to try our I'ortunei there \ but the Majority op*
pofed me through Fear, and were for going to the Tra
Marias, to liilt Turtle there, and then llretch over for
India. We direftcd our Couric thither, but the Wind
near the Land continued reigning In the Wcdirn Board}
and the Coaft of Mntut lying nearcll North-weft by
Weft, and South-coft by Fall, we irrpt to Windward, but
very iluwly, and at li> tediotit u Utttr, that we began again
to be very (hort of Provilitins klorc wc had got the
Length ot Rit Ltjt \ whkh renewal our Dcfign ot landing
there, wliich ha*.! l>een laid Hfule w\ our .Supply got at
Mariate. But this hucntiun wiw no fuoitcr relumed, than
Iruftrated \ for wc were blown pall 11 by a 'ligoantepaque,
for fo the Spaniardi on chil Cuall tall a violent Gale ix
North-csft.

(i . ; '

f:\

224

The VOYAGE S of

Book I.

«!■<«

I'ii

.vV ':

111 ■ :

^IH

1;;^ .-

1. ?;!)■: 14.

■:Mr

An we continued our Voyage along- Ihore, we .1 few
Day* alter met the Succors in queft ot 5<.»/■o«<./^^ where
they t xpcfted to receive the Marquis ot I'llla Roctt s Kaii-
fom, who hail been for Ibnie time Fnlbner on b<wra oi
them. We rant^cd dole under their Stern, and askeil how
Captain Chpperm, and the reft ot the tientlcmen, did •,
but it wj$ not thought proper to return us any Antwer :
So» without any Concern, he Itecnd one Way, ami wc
another. After this "'"i a^' contrary V\ inds, ami un-
accountable Currents, reduced us to a fmall Allowance,
which we were obliireil to diminilh daily ; anJ flioiild have
been in w»r)e IJilhrrs th.m ever, had it not been tor the
Turtle which wc from time to time took on the Surlace o
the Water. We had continual l.ook-outs lor them, and
they were eafily known, at a y,reat [Alliance, by the Sea-
birds which jxTihed en their Backs-, fo that, upon Sight ol
thifc, we laid aliJe the Advantages we might have made
hf the Wind, to embrace any OlVrr ot prolongini- our
Provilions. Upon the Whole, though wc K)tt lome ot
our Way in I'urlliit of them, yet they had a woric Con-
il-qULnce, tor the Drelling them mailc a gnar Confumi^tion
of NN'ater -, and this Kclaple into a State ot !• amine,
threatening u» with certain I'erilition, if Means were not
timely uIjiI to avoid it, made inr propofe the riundcring
lome fmall 'lown ;« we coatlet along- Ihore. liuamko
was the neareil to us of any -, but, the very Morning that
we were (landing in tor it, wc law a Sail a coniideral'ic
Way to l.eeward of us : We thought it more proper to
take this Ship, than to venture afhore, and thtntorc bore
down to her, which, in the Knd, proved to be the Siiccfjs -,
1 torpor to mention the Signal that was agreed on between us
at firll, in cale cf our meeting at Sea, which was to clew
up t.'ie Mam top-gallant-fail, and tire a Gun to l.iewaid.
'1 hb Signal I made, as foon as I thought we were near
enough for him to perceive it ■, whereujwn he haled on a
Wind, and did not fo much as layby a Moment fir us to
tome up with him ; fo that we were now fo la: to the
Leeward of our I'orr, by bearing down to him, that it was
recdicfs to have beat up againti the Wind for an I'nccr-
taincy. This brought us down to a fmall earthen Flare of
Calavances tor twenty-four 1 lours, which not being fufli-
cicnt to keep us alive, we had ncourlc to the Hemaindcr of
our fmoked Congers, which had for Ibme Months been
nculc^ted, and had been Ibaking ami rotting in the bulge
Water, and was certainly as dilagrceablc Food us could be
taftcd.

Under tlicll- calamitous Circumftanccs t!id wc meet the
Suict/i a fourth tin'c, near the Fort of ^Ingcls, in 16^ 50
North Latitude-, and, after having made the appointed
Signal, ftootl fo near to one another, that a Bilcuit might
have been tofled from Ship to Ship, but did not exchange
a Word i for Captain Clipperlcn had ordcreil all his Offi-
cers, and Ship's Company, to take no Notice ot us ; which,
I prtfume, was the greatcft Indication of an inhuman Dil-
polition, who could unconcernedly fee us wandering up-
and-down an inhofpitable Coaft, in want of every thing
neceflary to keep the Sea ; nor was the Faultincis of our
Ship all, but wc liati alto our Frovifions to leek -, and,
where to find any, nor.2 of us could tell -, tor all of the (.'oati
that we had lien, was fo wild and oixrn to the Sea, that
it wonld have been imi^lTible for us to have land;d, which,
indeed, nothing could have urged us to, but the Kxtremity
of Want wc were in at this 'lime. And fo truly fenfibic
was Clippcnon cf the Difficulties anil Hazards we had to
to\it with, it my Dtfign was t-jr going to India, that he
faid, that the Child that was tx)rn the i)ay Ixfore, would
be grey-headed with Age before we ftiould arrive there ;
intimating, by that l-.xprellion, that it was imjwITible for
us to do It : Notwithftanding which, he could ii-e us on the
Brink of undergoing the greatcft Seventies our ill Condud
could loa^l us with, aiid not lend us a ln-l|,ing 1 land to de-
liver us from impending Kuin, although he couKI torefee
no means by winch we might avoid a hngering Death by
Sea, or throwing mirfelveb upon the barbarous Indians,
or Crtoltan Spaniard' -, who, if we had cliai^d the I-'ury
of the Surl on the Strand, might have [ut an ignominious
End to our Lives, they having been rarely known to give
any Qu.uttr.

On March 1 2 . being olT the Port of Jiapuho, towards ih;
l'". veiling, wc law a Shij) Ix-tween us and the Shore : I Ixir;
down to her -, till, perceiving her to be a large EurcpehWx
Ship, with Spamjh Colour* Hying, I conclmled that Ihe
was the Pfregnne \ who, as I have been inlormed, wastu
h.'ve carried the Frince of St. fiueno to this Fort, in h;s
Way to Spain. With th -fe Siifjucions, I haled aj^ain on
a Winil J which h;- feeing, pulled down his Spanijb, ami
hoiftid an /•:ni^li/h l-'.nlign, and made the Signal agred on
Ix-twecn Clipperlcn ami me tor knowing one another; a
alio his old Signal to f\xik with me, as fixed amoiigll
other Signals between us Ixfore wc came out ot t.nglanl
Notwithltaiulii:g which, I Ihoiild hardly h.ive trulfeil Inm,
had we not been (nn-M .4iapii!fo ; whither, I thought, C/.^.
/vr/onmight have come with .1 Kefolutionof cruilingfor thi-
Manilla Ship, anil wait for her coming out of that Har-
bour -, and, thinking hcrlilf tix) we.ik, was now willing in
reinforce himlilf with what Strength I could allill him :
.So that, making no doul^t but it was he, I Ixjrc down ii|x,n
him -, aiul, lying come along his Side, he lent Capum
Cookt, his fei ond 1 .leutenant, in his Yawl, with an ol>
liging 1 .eiti r to me j wherein he informed me, that he vw
ciu.liiig lor the honieward-bi>und Manilla Ship, ami lit-
fired I woukl allill him in the Lnternri/e, and coirrun
board him the next Morning, to conlult on the propird
Metlifxls of attacking her •, and propoled an Union of our
two Shi|is Companifs. I w.is very svell plealed at thij
Oticr-, and, without Ilefitation, returned him NVorJ,
that 1 would be with him early. In the mean timf, I
read oVir his Letter to my People publii ly, ai-.d exhorttd
them ferioully to confidcr the great Benefits that would ac-
crue to us, on all Stdis, troin it. Upon which, tlieyil
rxprell'ed the utnioll Willingnefs to join in fuch an Under-
taking : But, as Clipptrlon hail ufed us fo unhandfomdy,
they itefireil I would get ft>me Scruriiy for their Shirfs,
figncd by Capt.iinC///yef/«i»r, Mr. Go.ifrey, the Agrnt, i-^d
the reft ot their Officers. So I went on Ixiard, according to
Appointment, with Mr. Brooks and Randall, my Li(llt^
nants, and was received with a feeming unrcferv( d Civility ;
and, all Animolities K-ing, as it were, 'nft in Dl^livion, r.o-
thing now apix-and .inH>ng us but a p rfei'^ Harmony. I
lirft toki Captain CAZ/irr/ffi'/, and Mr. (icdfrty, th.it my Ot-
ticers, ti?^. exivfted fui h a F.iper Irom under their Manii*.
as Ihould intitle them to fuch Share', as wereallowalth'.ni
by the Owncis Armies: ']"(> which they anfwercd, tlu
it was but realbiuble that they llmuld be faiislied in thjt;
and immiiliately drew up an Inftrument hilly wordd,
and ligntd it •, which was all my Feojile dellred to mAr
them eafy. We then proceeded upon our ni.iin Bulincv,
and, after a mature Deliberation, it was thought mort ii-
vifeable, that I ihould fend the greatcft Fart of iny M;n
on board the Succffs, as foon as wc law the Manilla Sh:p
come out of .Icafuico, and leave only a Bo.'.t's Crcwwit.'i
me to bring me away, in cafe I ftiould have Occalion to
make ufe ot mine as a Fireftiip, or a .'^moker, as we pn-
ixifed, it wc loiind them too hard for us -, and it was Jc-
termined to board heratonce, becaufe otherwife we IhodJ
have h.id much the worft ot it, on account of their k\^.-
rior Weight ot Metal, and the better Capa( iiy cf tha-
Ships to l>ear a C annonadiiig. Clipperton alVur; d nif, If
was certain ol the Time ftic woulii fiil tVom this I'"rt,
which the Spaniards fay is ;i]ways within a Day or ;woat!;r
Pajfionunk, of which we had a Fortnight ya to com;.
Bilore I returned to my oWn Ship, I acquainted Ci;'iJi"
Oippnton with our Shortnels of Water : lipoii whi^h h?
told me, that he had eighty 1 ons, and that he woulilprf
me as mixh as I would have, or any thing elli.- l-.is Ship if-
forded. I had now the Fleafure of enioying my CcjninnnJ
in a.s regular a manner as ever, every one, in an the hlghift
to the lowtft, txprclTing the Satisfaction they li.ul 'v\'^^
FrotpeCt before us. But Morphciv, the Kif.gleadcr ol all
our Dilbrders, fearing my Kefcntment wr ukl tall h'J^'')'
upon him, alter all, thought it was hisbcft way to inlir.u:"
himfelf into the Favour of the Captain andOiricersol t':
Succefs ; which he did t I'lcff ually, by an humble Uib:v,i)T;vt
outward Dcprtmonr, . I prevailing Fref nis. In 111 "
he h.ul his tnd, and left nie to go on board there ''
March 14. in thcFvtningi and, the next Day, Mr. /?^«''
I ■USX

chap. I. Ciiptain G i- o r c p. S m e l v o c k p^

_f on hrAf^ "f "' '" ^'''" '^'' "''' Ship-matM, and to ftay
" ., ,„ all Mght. I conftamly kect reminding Qipftrttm
liurwint of Water, and he i» often proinilcd to lupply

with a large Quantity af once. Thus we rniifetl m goo<J
Xier ami with a great deal of Hope, until Manb 7. the
Tinif appointed »jr me to fuffcr the moft prodigious Piece

I Trcachtry that could be committed. But, in order to
" c mv Reader an cxaft Account of the Circumftancca of
f 1 miift inform him, that we ufcil to cruifc oflf-and-on

L. siiorf at luch a convenient Diflancc, as not to be dif-

ovtrcdtrom the Land: At the fame time it was next to
impolTiWe, for any Ship to ftir out of the Harbour of Aa-
U(t without our feeing them i and we, not failing fo well
a^Suitfi, it miiClipperten's Cuftoni to flioiten Sail
torus particularly In the Night, and Ihew us Lights on
all necelury Occafions : But, cowards this Evening, he
ttrctched s-head of us about two Leagues, ami I couW
not perceive, that he fo much as lowered a Top-gallant-
tiil for us to come up with him: However, I kept Ibnd-
Inz after him, liU we were almod un the Breakers of the
Shore t which of confeaucnce obliged us to tack, and (land
tut to Sea. The neait Morning we had no Sight of any Ship
near m, which laid me under the mod terrible Apprc-
hflifionj, confiderii* the fid G>ndition we were in for
Hint of Water, andthe vaft Diftance we were from any
Plice where we couU eipcfi to get any ^ having now no
Choice kft, but eitiier to beat up a 20 Leagues to Tres
MtriiUy or to bear away tor the Gulph of Amapala, at a
much more confiderable Diftance. I was afterwards in-
torawd, by feme of Capoin CUfptrtrnfi Officers I met
with in 0(M, that he committed this Cruelty abfulutcly
apnfl the Will, and even againft the repeated Kemon-
tinnccs, of his Oflken, who abhorred fuch an AA of Bar*
barity. I was likewife infonncd by fome Spaniards from
yJiUf that the AtttuUt Ship failed about a Week after
wc kitdie Cruize : This Ship wu called the Santo Chri/let
carried upwards of forty Brais Guns^ and was exceedingly
richi fo that I leave the Reader to judge, how the
Thoughts of fuch a Difipointment muft Me6i me.

Thefe fevcral Interviews with Captain Clipptritn are
the moft important Circumftances in the Hiftory of this
Voyage, and therefore deferre to be very ferioufly examined.
'We nave ftated them in the former Se^ion in quite an-
other Light, and from unexceptionable Authority, that of
an impartial Ptrfon, who had no particular Prejudice to
Captain Shtlvttktt and who was fiir enough from being
blind to Clipfirln't Errors. From the Conlideration of
this, Captain Btu^b, fpeaking of Sbelvecke'% Account of
the Lois of Capuin MitcbtU in the CbicUy, makes the
following very judicious Oblcrvations. The Journal, fays
he, (meaning Mr. Trior's) tells us how he was fitted out,
ind whither bound i that his Cargo was io,o(X} Pounds
Vahie. It is impoflible then, fuppofing a real Mifitndcr-
llanJing, that dipptrttn would pay fo dear to get rid of
thisGendeinan : It is certain, he never embarked his Men
in Lighters, or in empty Prizes, with any Defign to nuke
awiy with them, as SMwckt fcrved us. Captain Miuhell
was put aboard a clean Ship, well inannctl, and provided
wth Stores and Neceflarks, and a valuable Parcel of Gooils,
to difpof: of, at Bra/il, for the Owners Advantage, ia
oriirr to fecure them fomcthing j and it is true, that nei-
tiifr he, nor the twenty-three Men witli him, were ever
yft heard of: But how was Clipferton chargeable with
that? or what Excufc can Captain Sbttvocke make for thefe
unpKXis Reflexions, but a Ibrt of Plcafurc he has in being
nvcngfd on the Memory ol the Dead I Thus Jar Mlcbeil
nuy be accounted for: The Journal tells us, that, being
wl.g:d to Wood and Water, he touched to the Noith-
wjrd atPort Vtlu, where, it is very probable, he and his
Men bfcame a Prey to the I'.ncniy •, lor the fame Article
mentions, that fevcral of Clipper, on'^ Mon law fomc Shirts,
"nl othtr Things worn by the N.itivcs, which, by the
Marks m them, coiivmcat them Miubillluii been there.
••\Hoali that IS (kid fr(.in/;rt-//u»'s Convctfation, we are
" confulcr, that tliis M.m was deotl betore it v^a3 pub-
iihci,, and tlunlore could not coiilirin or diiiivuw it. It
iii^cwile apixrats i.oni the Joiirn.il, tli.it Captain Chpperton,
iMhu Company, lookeil upon i>be!voike, aul l.is, as
ratnsonadihcunt i-yotin^ : Ai.d, uiclcal, how could

ilw-y tiiink fitlierwife ? Does not Captain Slehtth'iown
An ouiit r,)eak it ? Anu might he not very well apprehend,
that Captain GipptrloH might fear the C6rru|itioii i.f iii«
Crew, by their aifociating too freely with Men who had
given fuch I'.vidence of their bad Piiriciples. As to tl.cir
adjufling all Diffeicnrcs, and conforting together again,
let us hear what Captain Betagb fays on it. As to the Ku.
niarks, fays Ik, that Captain Sbdvocke his made upon this
Tranfadlion, and the Pains he lus taken to rcprefciit Clip'
/cr/e* as a Monfter, they do not defervc any Regard.
The journal fays, the Propofal to Sbtlvockt was this \
Tlut if he and his Crew would refund all the Money
ftiarcd amongft themfclves, cohtrary to the Ownen Ar-
ticles, and put it in a Joint-dock, thtfn all Faults fhoiild
be Ibrgor, both Companies unitt?, and proceed to cruifc foi*
the Acapuko Ship : The very next Article in the Journal
w, that, not hearing from Captain Sbthocke, anil the Timo
for tlie.«fi(i^«/«aShpfcttingout for A/(i»/7/<i being IcVtial
Days part, rufolved in Council to make our belt Difpatcli
lor the Eaji Indies. Here is the plain true Account of thu
Affair, and how the Treaty broke off. But Sbtlvockt has
laboured haril to pervert the Truth of this l-aift, as he has
done all the reft, thinking to gain Pity from Mankind, by
ti lling what he fuffercd through the Deceit of Uipptrten,
never cxjKiling that tliefc Things would be refuted and
cleared up. Bcfides, there may be other Realbns aflignej
for Clipperttn's fuddcn Separation, thouuh not entercil in
the Journal ; for he knew, before he left EnilanJ, that
the Spanijh Fleet were all taken and dcftroyed by Admiral
Byng, and therefore a Peace was probably concluded, be-
ing two Yean part ; and might think Sbehcckt, who Imil
not made his Fortune while the War laded, and had really
ruined the Project, ought, of the two, to be the Sufferer ;
It is very likely C/ipperton, for theic Reafoiis, did not
care to embarals his Ship jud upon the Point of his leaving
the South Seas -, but, on fecond Thoughts, concluded, it
was better to keep what he had got. Thefe, I dy, aro
Very fair Conjedures ; but the Reafon, mentioned in the
Journal above, is fudkient of itfelf i for Sbelvockt thought
the Conditions propofed by Clipperton were too drift : He
dkl not care to refund what he had unlawfully diared,
which, doubtlefs, he ought to have done •, and, for tho
Neglcft of which, it is evident, the whole Affair ended.
Difcuffing this Bufinefs has taken up a great deal of Room,
though I have been as concife as poffible \ but it is fome
Comtbrt, that we have now, in fome meafure, arrived at
the End of thefe Difputes, and may purfue our Relation
without any farther Interruptions. Wc will therefore
refume the Captain's Narration, and take notice of that
Change of I'ortune he met with, at a time, when, in hit
own Opinion, his Affairs were mod defpcrate j which
dicws, that, in thefe Svas, Men never war.t Refources, if
there be any Dcgre : • /. Courage and Conduct in their
Commander.

aj. In the Situation w.: were in, all Things were to be
hazarded, and any Experiment to be tried, which had the
lead Appearance of fucceeding. We continued our
Courfe therefore, under all thelnconveuicncies thatperhapa
any Ship's Company ever endured, did relTed for Provifions,
weak in point of Number, and fo far from being united,
that the Senfe of common Danger could not reftrain us
within the Bounds of common Civility to each otiur,
though all Things depended upon right Behaviour. Tho
Winds and Weather, however, continued fo favourable to
us, that on the ?oth of Atarcb wc found ourlelves bcfoio
the Port of Sanfonnate : It was about Sim-I«;t when wo
Jukcd into this Harbour, where wc tlifcovered a Ship of
g(<oii Size, lying at Anchor : Upon this, as it was a fine
Moon-liglit Evening, I lent my lird Lieutenant, with
fome of our bed H.mds, in the Yawl, to fee what flia
was. The Boat had not been long gone betore wc lieaij
two Guns tired \ and fooii after my Licutenai.t murncd,^
and rej)ortt il, flie w.is a Itout large Ship, with one Tire of
Ciuns at lealh We little regarded her Strcii^tii, or our own
Weaki'.cfs, believing; our NecelTities would make ui 4
Match for her •, antl tlierefoie I contiiiu^d plying in all
Night, and prep.ircd to engage her. At Sun-iifiiig, thd
Land-breeze bLw I0 ficth olt" from the Shore, tlut w^
woiked in but (lowly; in the mean time, we ri-wvcd all

j M tltoir

i !' 'in

i U:

It ;

:•.■!,

1 1

■

' .i !(.

•I "^

116

their Fiif upon fvfiy Boanl we mode, without nukin|j
them th.- l.\i\ Kfturn. and thoir Btwt wai cmi'loyal to
truilport Solilicn Iroiii tht- Shore to the Ship. Hiry
hoillcd 4 Jar, ol aU)ut ten (l.illons of I'owdcr ami Match,
at each Mini ami Fi)it-yaiil-ariTis ami Bowlpritfrnl, to
let fall i.n ourDciks, it we l)oaritni them i which Con-
trivame, it it liaJ tak.-n I-ffet'l, wouKI have loon maile an
liml ot U.'h Ships ami thole that were in them. Seeing
tiiem lo ilel'perate in theii IVenarations to receive us, 1
coiilil mit l)ut eK|)e<:t a warm Pifpute j but, as our Cale
would m.t admit any Ninleft of what oftcred, tho\igh at
ever to hazardoin a Rate, their Contrivances for Dttence
did not muih dilniay uj. Alwut eleven in the Morning
the Sea-brce/.e came ini and, that I mi^ht nuke our
fmall Force the moll Ivnelitial to us, I onleriil our three
Guns to be brought ovir on the Side we were like to eng.igc
them i and, bi-ing within lefs than Mufquetfhot, difchargtil
them : 'rill' Sea brceie Irelhingran us ujwn them very tad,
whilll our Small arms were ethdlually employed to break
tlic I'owder-iars klorc we adually boarded them j which
VIC did without Delay •, and, after the Fjtchange of a few
Shot, when aboard of each other, they tubmittcd. This
Ship was called the Sacra FamiHa, of three hundred Tons,
fixCiuns, and fiventy Men. She had a great Number of
Smallaims, (Jreiuilt Ihclls, and Shot \ they had Ixen for
fome tunc Ixtbre ariived from Ca/ao, with Wine ami
Branily -, but h.ul miw nothing in her Injt fifty Jars of Gun-
powder, a fmall I'.ircel of Ru(k, and jerked Beef: In
Ihort, (hi: couKl hardly Ix- faid to be w«)rth the Trouble we
took, or the Rilliue we ran ; but llie having the Cha-
raftcr of h ing a Utter Sailor, and vifibly better fitted
than ours, I ehanged Ships, and we all went on board our
Prize, whiih lud been equipixxl in the warlike Manner wc
founii III r, and comminioned on Furpofo to take us, if Ihc
fhould elunce to meet us in her Way. Our Small-arms
(to do Jiillice to my Peopley were hand.led with the
greatell IXxterity •, but, Ixing employed moftly in (hat-
tering the I'owdcr-jars, that the combuftible Matter in
them might fall into the Water, there was none killed but
the Boailwain, and only one (lightly wounded j but, if
our Sniall-amis had not Ix'cn fo uUfully diverted, there
could not have failed of being a conliderable Slaughter
amongil them •, on our part, we did not receive the lead
Damage. The Merchant we had taken in this Aftion,
feemed to be inclin.iblc to purchafe the Jr/ui Maria, which
we hail quitted i and, when he heani, that her Cargo con-
fided ot I'itcii, Tar, and Copper, he immediaiely con-
fented to my Demand, and went afliore to raifethe Sum.
We hati fo little I'rovifions to fjwre, that we couKI not
afford to keep any I'nfoiKTS in PotTclTion ; and therefore
difiiiilTcd all the XS'hites, Indiax', &cc. detaining only the
Negroes ; and, that we might lofe as little Time as polFiblc,
wc let immediately to work, to over-haul our Rigging and
Sails, tlut we might get our Ship ready tor the Sea : But
I was interrupted in tins, by a Letter which came from tlie
Ciovtrnor ot the I'l.ire in the F.vening, which none ot us
could unierftaiid : But, by the MefTenger that brought it,
we found it was fome Arroiint of a Truce on foot between
thi; Crowns ot Grial Briiain and Spain -, and that the Go-
vernor rujuefted mt to iLy five Days, that he might
thoroui^lily faiisfy me in it, by Ihewing me the Articles of
Ateommodation. I thouglit this very odd •, and told the
Spanijb Cjrntli man, that it was not a peaceable or friemtly
Reception I met withal •, andaiked, how they came to arm
tliemtclves in fo delpcrate a Manner, and why the Governor
did not ihu'.'e to fend a Mag of Truce to me with this In-
formation, before wc eng.iged, having the whole Morning
belorcliani! ; and why th. le Articles were not on board the
Ship, !1k coming trom Lima, from whence they did they
reciivid thele I'aix'rs : And proceeded to tell him, that it
was Very llrang-.- to me, that none of the Officers wc hail
taken i'lifont rs, fliould know any tiling of the Matter : But
that, notwithllauding all this I hati lueh a Regard for the
very Naiiu. ot IVaee, that I would ftay fifteen Days, if the
Governor woiiKl fu])p!y u.witli Water and I'rovifions; and
that, it he liid not, 1 could not pretend to make alxjve
'I'wcnty-tour 1 1-mrs Hay Iktc. I fent him alfo a Ihort
Anlwcr to Ins Letter, excufmg myfelf, on account of our
uiHlerllaaJ.i:.^.V/i.;wy/;butindilTtiviiily ; in which 1 told him,

77;^ V O Y A G E S r^/

Book I.

that if, a-t he fuggefled, there w.ii a Peace coiwluddl W-
tween their BrttanHH and Caibtlit Ma;l■;lie^, I wm rij,j^^
on due Proof, to ait ,» he ex(x.i'teil ; but, in the mui
time, I hopeil, that as we were now I'liends, he *oiiiJ
(xrrmit me to havi lutli Imall Relrelhiinnts as wtwantfj
trom his Port. The tiovernor, uixm tluReniut ot my
Letter, exprclfed great S.itisfartion, and f' nurd to niike
no Dilfinilty ot gi mting my RetjueJl. (Jut Boats tliero-
fore, went on flun every Morning with tlitir Flag u
Tmee. We icceivid, lor the Hrtl tour Ua>s, eight ln.i||
Jars of Water \ and, on the 5th, they rcelueal ui to Ire
Jars I and, during the whole time, had but one fn«j| (.g*^
which was attended by a Boat full of Men 1 anwnjjit
which were two Prirlls, who, with a Shew of Frieiidiliip,
brought with iheniaPa|Kr in Spanijh, which tliey called
the Afticles of Peare, lo wretchedly written and blotted,
that, had it Ix-en tn^^lij^', we (hruld have been puz^y to
read it. I fheretore delin-ilthe PrklUto tranllateit tairlyirto
iMin, which tluy promiled to do \ they took the Papers
with them, and, tor my f.irther Satisfaetion, told me, thatt.c
(iovernor would frmf lor loitie Aig/z/fawrit, who lived atth*
City ot CuMimala, if I would continue in the Kutd t'irrc
Days longer : To which I anlwered, that lie might take
his own Time. In two Day* after this, when the Bwt
went aftiore as uliial, the (iovernor ordcted thein to bt
made Prilbmis as ftx)n as they landed. I was all the Djy
in Suf|xnfe, not being able to guefs what could detain Hum
on thore \ but w.^' far from imagining, that the dtvcrnor
WduKI make tiich a Breach in the I^ws ot Nations. But,
in the F.vening, I w.u aftunilhcil 10 lee only two ot my
Boat's Crew, in a fmall k-aky Canoe, with two Ixttcn,
one from the CJovernor, the other from Mr. Rrcoki, my
firft Lieutenant : The Governor in his required me to de-
liver up tlie Sacra famiHa, ami furrender myt'elf, and ti'jt
othcrwife he would declare us Pirates : And Mr. Brotb u
his told me, that all he couM learn, fince he had Ixtn 1
Prifoner, was, that the Governor was endeavouring to
bully me. The Governor i)ro|x>lied two Ways of con-
veying us out of the Spamjb l)ominiont t the one to Vcji
Cruz by Land, or to Lima, in Piru, by Sea. Th.ii:
Ori'ers I equally Hifliked ; for I did not like a Journey, ot
1^00 M\\n at leatl, through fiich a Country of barborcui
People, nor yet a Voyage to Lima, under theirCondud.
My two Men, who brought theic Letters, tuld me, that
Fredtric Mackenziy had let the (Jovcrnor into ilieiJecrft 0:
our Ni-ceffitu s, and of my former Defign of getting VVatet
on the Ifland of Tygrrs, in the Gulph of yimapaU, »hicii
he faid he would rake c;ue to prevent, if we dared to
attempt it -, ami believed, that he had us now lafe encugfi,
knowing that wc hail no other Boat left but a very liiuli
Canoe. Notwithllanding this, and though I faw there »»
no relying on the I lonour of thefe People, I w.ij willing
to come to a farther Treaty ; but I knew not how i)
communicate my Mind to the CJovemor, fince it would
have been an unreafonable Requeft in me, to have dtlirtd
any of my Men to carry a Medagc to a Place where t'lfy
were to be made Pritbners : But the two who brought the
Letters oflf, voluntarily oll'ered their Service, and a third
went with them to throw out the Water •, ami I lent 1
Letter by them, in I'rencb, to this Purpofe : " If 1 could
" be alVured of a fate and fure Conduct for oiirtelves ard
" FiTeds to Panama, and from thence, by the Way 0;
" Portobd, to fome of the Briiifl) Plantations we would
" come to a farther Treaty \ which, if he intended, k
" mull fignify by firing two Guns, and by lending my
" People, and the ufual Supply, otherivife Niccinty
" would oblige me to fail that Night." But I received
no manner of Anfwer to this ; therefore I weigluil belof.'
Day the next Morning, and lay-to in the B.iy till ten ot
the Clock, ex(>e(fling 1 fhoulil hey from the Shore ; In;:
nothing appearing, I made Sail, leaving behind me th:
Jtfui Maria, a much more valuable Ship than the other.
i he Art ions of this Gentleman (hewed there could be no
Peace: However, I inftantly ordered a fornul I'rotcll u
be drawn up againll him.

24. When we got out to Sea, we reduced ourHlvfSto
a Pint of Water tor twenty-four Flours, and direiled "W
Courfe for /hnapala, which was about thirty-five Leagur)
to the South South-caft of this Place, in order t" ?«

K :■ ... ,

Chap. I. Cuptiiin George SiicLvocKn.

VVitcf thrre on thf IHjnd of fygtrs. The Loli of my

l*.^j, jinl Boat's Crrw (rnfibty tlim'mi(h«l the Number

f whuc I'lcr* amonRll in, ami our Strength would have

' ' ' ■ ■• that wf (houlil never have

hfcnal'leto navi i.)»n»n^ J great Ship, with her large

huvyCi)tt.)n Sails if we liul not taken our Negro I'ri-

btcn fo miK-h wcakrm.i bv it, i
been al)le to have n!*at;cii tins
huvy Ctton Sails if we hul ,

Cnfrs along with us who proved to be very gooil Saiion.
1 he U)f' "I "»'f •^'■" **■'* •• ?'"* Inconveiiiency to \n \
but is I thought ol only taking Water enough to Pa-
nniM *li"'= *^ were fully kiit to Currender ' irrilvti, if
It wi really !'«;»"■» ' thought we could make fliilt with
hrr to Ri t liu h a (Quantity as we ftiould waiit in two or
liircf Djy» time. 1 he Winds being favourable, we ar-
rived that in ten P-iyi f-fllowing : As foon ai we entered
(hffiiilpli, wc louml ourlclvci in the midft of feveral
Imill 1iUih!>, amcngft the reft the Iflaiul of 7ygers, where
w: rxucclcd a Suju'ly of Water : But our KxiKdlation*
proviilviini for.attcr an hazardous and fruitUfs Seareh for
It, not only on th.it, but Ionic of the greened of the other
Ides, there was not the Icaft Drop of frcfh Water to be
[bumi on any of them. Surrounded on all Sides with im-
tupiiy Circumllances, wc weighed our Anchor on the i <th
cl .ipril, Intorc Day-break \ and, having now open Sea
bfore us, I bvinijuht my People in general to an oblUnatc
Rtlululion, not by uny means to furrender on this I'art of
theCoaft, litthcConfequente be ever fo miferablc. Upon
ihis unanimous Agreement, h.iving not forty (iallons of
V'ater in the Ship, ami no other LitjuiiN, wc came to fo
f:iull Allowance as h.ilt" a Pint of Water (or twenty-four
Hours, ami even this Allowance was rather too large,
(o."fulf ring that there W.LS ni> I'l.ice that wc knew of, where
»c cuulil get any, ne.irer th.in the Ifland of ii>uibo, which
was about two hundred I .eagues Diltance from us \ ami we
were loity-threc in Number, reckoninf; our Negroes.
Thus rcl'olvtil, we (hapeil our Courfe tor !^il>o j but,
having v;ry uncertain Winds and Weather, were thirteen
Pays at tins Allowance •, during which time, there is none,
that hu not experienced it, can conceive what wc fufl'ered
in I lultry Clime, by the (vrixtual Extremity of Thirfl,
wl irh would not iicrmit us to eat an Ounce of Vifluals in
>!!ay. We conlt.inily drank our Urine, which, thougli
it moilleneil our Mouths for a time, excited our Third
the more. Some attempted to drink large Qiiantities of
the Sea-water, which had like to have killed them.

Wc were, however, uncxpefkcdly alTiftcil ; for, on
/pril the 2 -,tli, wc came up with the lllond of Qmo, in the
b;l:udc of 9° North, which, by the Vcnlurc of it, pro-
niifeil to yield us Water, if we could get our Canoe alhore.
Under lloi^ts of Succour from this little Irtc, we came to
an Anchor en the North-weft Side of it, and it was as
n udi as wc could do to hand our Sails, flop the Cable,
tf. We foon began to im.igine that wc couKi lie a Run of
Water 1 hut, at the lame time, dre;uled the dangerous
Surt, which broke on the Beach all round thofe Parts we had
ficn ol it, Neverthtlcfs, Mr. Randal was fcnt with fomc
Jars to try what could be done i but they not returning
lill it was very late at Night, I was fearful they were loft,
or that, not finding Water there, they were gone to the
Cor.tiiKiiti but, to my unf[)eakable Satisfadion, they
came aboard with their Jars filled. Any one may guefs the
beefs of Joy which there inuft naturally Ik: amongft Men
wlio were thus opportunely delivered from the Hands of
Heith ; but, as tlu-y did not bring above fixty or fcventy
tiallons of it, 1 took care to reftrain them from the Ufc
It If, allowing to each Man only a Quart to be immedi-
ately iliftributed to them. What made me the more ftrift in
tiis was, tliat Mr. Randal alfured nie, that the Breakers
*crc fo hazardous, that he believed we Ihoidd not be able
'ogetany more ; but that very Night wc chanced to have
K iihowcr of Rain, which we made the bcil Ufc of, by
catching what we could of it in Sheets, Blankets, i^c.
•Junng this 'Ihiril, wc conftantly wilhed for rainy Wea-
t itr, and had often good Reafon to cxpeft it by louring
wac-i Llouds, which feemcd every Minute to be ready to
(iil|.h,irg,- their Burdens •, yet never did before to any Pur-
p'lc. Being willing to make another tfTay the next Day,
1 imt the Boatlwain, and Ome with him, to make a fecond
Attempt, but, after l..iving been quite round the Iftand,
»a walled ihe whole Day in Search of a ImooUi Beach, he

2i7

could not fee one S|)ot where he might venture on fTiore
Therefore, thinking we had a Stock liifTicui.t to r.inyiis to
^ibt, which was aliour thirty Leagues from us, ! wngh'il
the next Day, ami, in ranging near the lllaml, faw a fniootli
Beach, which induced me to fend the Boat a third fiiiu,
that we might be provided againft fuch contrary Ciirri nti
or Calms as we might meet with in our Way: Aicord-
ingly they went and filled mne Jars \ which done, w/ held
our Way to the .Sourli-ca'.lward, and in a lew Pays ariiv^J
at ^ibo, and anthortd at the fame Place where we had
been twice before.

Capt.iin Btta^b is veiy fivcre in Ms Rc.leilions on Mr.
Shflvoike'i Managi inent at Sanfunnatc, where he fi»ys ex-
prelly, th.it he got nd of fix more of his People -, after
which, he explains his Meaning, and vindicates his Af-
fertion thus : I don't exj)e^k, fays he, the World will
judge of this Affair as I do, bccaule thofc who arc igno-
rant of the C'ircumftanccs of thefc Things, and unac-
quainted with SUlvocke's perfbnal Behaviour, cannot iiiake
a proper Cenlure. When a Man dies in a Couric of
Phyfic, who knows whether it is Chance or l)eliji,n in t'le
Dotlor ? Ihe Patient is gone by legal Piefciiption : .Sohtre,
a Gentleman is clearly ordered afliorc into the L'.ncmy'j
Hamis, and, if he never returns, who can fay it is a Dc-
fign, or Accident ? Thus much is certain, they went
without a Hoftage 1 though SMierke alviAy% hatl ftrong
Notions of the Spaniards Kelentmeiit, and their manner
of Revenge, efpecially in Mexico, where the Indians are
the cruilleft People alive \ ami, ^^hile he was fpeaking of
Mitclell's Story, we find him quick enough to leave it
nad Doubt, that he and his Men ixrrilhed in fome obfcurc
Manner ; and yet he muft now (end a young Gentleman
alhore into the Clutches of this Enemy, at a time, when
he knew the whole Coaft was exafi)cr.ited, and liimfelf
deftitute of all common NeceC ries, with a very imliflerent
I'orcc, and, confequcntly, not able to refent any Atl'roni,
much Icfs to avenge himjelf on the Governor, in cafe he
detaincil Brooks iuid his Men. Shthocke, immediately
before and after this, aded in an hoftile Manner on that
Coaft \ and, even in their View, he took this Ship, called
the liely Family, where the Boatfwain loft his Life i lb
that, if poor Liooks ami his Men were facrificeii by way of
Atonement, it is no feverc Sufpicion. He adds to this
fome other Circumftances to lupport tlie Opinion he has
given i but as thefe arc not at all material to the I lillory
of the Voyage, I (liall not dwell lunger upon them, but
proceed.

25. Wc purfucd our Bufincfs of wootlingand watering
in this Itland pretty chearfully, and yet without being in
any great Hurry, for feveral Reafons j but the principal
was, tliat as we were now within fourfcore Leagues of
Panama^ it was very requifuc to deliberate I'erioufly on our
Scheme of lurrendering there to the Spaniards, fince we
all knew, that this Step once taken, there would remain
no room for Deliberation afterwards. We confidered,
that the very Situation of this Place aftbrded us many Ad-
vantages i (or Panama is by no means ftrong towards the
Sea, and, therefore, having a good Ship, we thought it
would be no difficult Matter to fettle the Terms of the
Treaty while we continued at a Diftancc. Wc likewifc
reckoned upon fomc AlTiftance from the South Sea Com-
pany's ladors who were fettled there, who might have
intercedeil for us ; anil, in cafe a Peace was concluded,
procure us a fate anel fpeedy PafTage to Europe. But, as
there w;is fomething exceedingly difagreable in the No-
tion of a Surrender, efpecially to fuch Itiml of Enemies as
tlic Spaniards, it cannot be wondered, that wc were not
much in a Hurry about it, efjiecially as we were here a
little at Eiife, and enjoyed a great many Conveniencies th.it
we had been Strangers to a long time lietore. The tree
Ufc we matleof the excellent Eruits of this Illand brought
the Elux amongft us, which, though in the main, 1 be-
lieve, did little Hurt, but Cerved rather to pielcrve us fionj
the Scurvy -, yet it weakened us very much, and inter-
rupted our Work for two or three Days 1 vhich time we
fpent in Confultations about our (uture Com'.uCt, when-
ever it fhould plcafe Goil we ftiould put to Se.i again •, but
our Views were fo difTerent, and our Minds lb eliftraifbed,
that wc could come to no Relblution, but that of con-
tinuing

,t., ■

ii ■

■• ;f ilJr

218

The V () Y A G t S uj

Book I.

;; M.

-•^ii'

M*l

■'''l»i ■

!■■■

lliMiM (^ liii,«, 111! wf fiv» winr mi.!,ln li.ipp-n, ami i.i h^ixi
III MiiiMiin wi h iMmiilrim •<>< nr Ailvaiif.igi'.

If nuy roe l<r jmiMoiniir infu.t |Mrfiiiil.ir A.rounf of
fii n niirUtilci I'l* «• twiliis iKC^ur- hiilicrtn our I uvrllctt
\\ tvr li .ir' r voui hbt. tl in tjkf noiii r of it, a^ if the rv wa* not
•« nun li Ki".ilotl fo ^ivr Prlrrii'tiotKof I'Uiri wIktc H"(x1
Ml III. in. in iii.iy I* null, m whirr n'*"*' Swtlfmcnc* .ire
n\,i.lr I III* lil.inil of ("ii'A,i or .•>»*" n alnmlt in flir liinie
r.u.illrjol Litini(lf*illi P.iPtjmii, jmlisaiioutninf l.ciniiri
In |rni;ili, iImiI l.iir in Hrrjilfli, of t nnxlrrjtr Hfujht,
(ovirril nil ovir with in«irllil)!c WimkU, nlwayi grcf n i
H"nl ihimnh It Wii% p«rli.i|«, ni vrr inluliitPvl. yet it alwiraU
witli I'lpi', I itni », iiml Com.' other I'mit* I never (tw be
fiiir, Willi li An' nrar-H Rootl, thounh wholly negWIeti, ai
lliol Ih.il li.ivi' llu gir«e(l fare fuktn ol them in fomc
nth' I liliMiU III .1* nromifing il Latitude ; from whence we
inlirrrJ, ijut llic Soil n fruitful : Ami, if ever it be inha-
liitril, jn I ill iirni of thi- Incunihranrei of VVooiN, with
which It \\ ( luukdl at pnTint, it niiftht h: nude jiroilui!livc
ol I'vriy ihiii)( our liell IllaniN yiilil m .Imtrka. But the
Sp,iiil,irji havinit fii iMiicli more on the Continent thjn
ihi y know «h ii to ilo with, .iiul it Uin^ IVuilencc in tlirm
not to frmi away Ciloni. « from .imoimft thrm to jHople
llUiK^i, which might wc aken thi :i ' jicc on the Continent,
•nil knowing they are ficure trom the Attimptsof an turo-
ffa<t Naiioii to fettle on them, who might, by that mian»,
«nnoy thrirCiMiN, il lit* mglcAtJ , thouj^h I cannot help
thinking, being a very lonfiilt rabic I'carl-tifhtry, it wduKI
K' woith while to make a fnull Settlement here: But the
I'tMrlrtllirr*, not king al'lc to ilivc with their I'iragu.w in
the liini' of the Vamlrvjji, which is a black ftorniy .Seafon,
for tour or live Month* in the Year, beginning about 7««,
tnil rndmoin S'txtm^r, and lieing withal fonear the Con-
tinent, tnil Pandms in particular, which mull be the Mar-
ket lor a Cnmmoility of that I'rice, they have not yet
thought It worth while \ (o that alt the Settlement they have
h'TC, are i few Hut* tatteretl up and ilown in fcvcral Parts
of thi* IllamI and i^mutia, made life of bv the Divers at the
Sfifon ihcy r omt hither, to open the Oyfters, eat, and lleep
In, I he famly Beach is covered with Shells ol fine Mo-
thf r-of ruarl of all Sires \ ami, in going no farther than up
to the Mi<lillc in the Sea, you may r-^ach large Oyllcrs from
the Holiiim, This picaled us at firll, not fo much from
the llniifiof Imi^ingany valuable I'earl in them, as to eat
thrm \ out, when we rame to make Trial, wc found, that
Nature had not ordaincil this Kifh to Ivr at once Riches and
Food I (ttr they are tough as fo much Leather, and by no
mi am paiatabir. /\s lo any other fens of Filh, a* we had
no Seyn, I cannot fav much of them, nor give any Account
ol their varimii Kimlsk but only lAc notice, that wc ufed
10 olifrrvc a large Sort of flat Filh, that often jumpctl a
great I II ight out tif the Water. I'hefe are re|H)rted to be
very dtftruflive to the Pearl-divers-, for, when they return
up agam, if they tike not great Heed, thefc wrap their
bro«<i Sides tlwHit thcin, and keep them in their mortal
I ml'taec*, till they arc drowned : Therefore, to prevent
this, the Divrt* always carry a iTiarp-pointed Knife, at d,
U|ioi) Sight o( any of ihefe as they look upwards, they carry
the Point of it «b«jve them, and, by that mean*, flick ic
Into III* Belly, and himirr him from his mifchievous Intent.
There i» y( t aiiotlirr thing, which mud make Diving here
a Mailfr of p.re.it Hanger, fince the Sea hereabouts is dread-
fully |>rH,rrd with Alligators, one of which, fomc of u,
lanl'irJ, we faw I'wimining under the Water near l'o;nt
A/.(M.(/«, wliu 11 is but a few leagues from heme. There
i|« I \>rrM \'mv ty ol Birds, and alio great Nutnlxrs of l.l.ick
Mm keys and (iuanoi*, who moftly frequent the Streams
«il lirlli Watrr. 'I here arc fome Cuanots here of an cxtra-
oidmaiy Sr/ir, inolllyofbrowmlh-yellow Streaks .ibout the
I lead, and in other Places grey, w,th I la. k .Stnaks, 'Jc.
I lure (aiinot Ik- a in();eti-n-/enici-.t Pl.icc for Wooding and
Watriiiiif in t li.r tin- frefli W.itM- run-, in fevrral Strams,
lnK" '•"d fmallir, on the S.ud i,t the Braih-, and Wood
(,i'/w* wiihiii lil'i tli.in twenty Yards of theSia lide. Hav-
i; ij gi.f I Inr o» tliis I'late, .md iiotliingtiioiight ol but our
l|'. ■•• y lUtilhi, we nut with (bong Currents af,.iinll us,
•■ij^''iher With rontiar/ Win.'s and Calms, whirh tinaincd
I » if'ifal Days iiiulir the Moimr.iins r,t (iuanaibn. On the
Ijtti ol A/,o, a iiiiaii IJ.rk, uk:ng us for Sianiurd,, bore

t'own to US. T!w Marter of hrr w.i* migliniy Cir, |.,f^)
wh n he found his Millakc v Init tixm recoviMl, wl'i,n C
Iriri'Mwe werelxMind |it Pan.inun and reaitily riU'rr .If,
pilot us tlutlier k bill had Ivanlof nothing likea Iriiir ||,
(«|ongcd f iml was Uwmd fur, that i'ott. I hi, Vcitj
was calleil .. • Heh $a<rtmfHl, and c inir \x\\ from Chnini
lail'n with driesi'Beif, Pork, and Hogs. ||,. ,Vf,rrd [
woulil tak? her in low, conipUimng, that the ttirrrrti
drove hiin off Shore \ (i) that he could not friih tlic Ijnj
tho' he liati conftant Sight of it ; ami that, by ihi, n„„,|
all his live Cattle were almoft dead for want of Water j mj
that (he was, at the fame time, fo leaky, that his Vr^\f
were no lonatr able to llaml at the Pumps. Umn the heir.
ingof this, I took her into tow, and kept the Maflrrolhw
on Ixjttfd, fending fome of my llantis toaffill thcmi and
fparal them as much Water wid Mimilotn as I couU. it
may apjK-ar rtrange, that this 0|iportunity of fuppiyirg
ourlclvcs with Provifion* did not make an Alteration m o(.r
iniendeil Proceeiling* \ but every one wu li) tired of the
S«a, li) worn otit by a continual Want of all Ncceflanr*, and
difheartcncd by our jxruetual Miifortune*, that they wnt
willing to embrace any Opjwrtunity of going alhore at ir,v
rate. Jtuiccd, as to myfeif, I was gl«il, that this Baric itll
into our I lands ; becaulc, if we found the Ciovi-rnor (if ia»^^
natti Newi to be lalfe, we might be throughly enabW, by
this Help, to go to Mia. 'I o this luul, I dt fignfd tj
anchor a great Way ftiort of the Town, and keep PunVfliofi
ol the Ihly Satramtnt, in cafe the Prefident ftiould not hn:
complial with fuch lenns as I eftccmed fale and horon.
able \ and then we (hould have it in our Power to rt r-ti
ourlclvcs, by keeping out ot their Hands. But, all tha
while, wc had not dctermineil who lliould be the Pcrfon
intruftrtl with the Fl.ig of Truce v for my People, hav.rj
known f) much Treachery a^ed amongll themfclvrn, wrc
apprehenfive the Perfon fent would only make liijo«ii
Cafe good to the Governor, ami not return again. I'hm-
fore, alter all, my Son was thought the projieretl to go, u
being fure of his Return, if it wa.s pun-ly 'or my lalif.
This, and many other Objections, were flontil, thatcald
not be lb cafily removed -, notwitlilUnding v.c kept on vj
Way, fixed in our Refolution.

On the 1 7th, another Bark came down upon us, ftooJ
pretty near us, and then (hrered oft* again. Upon whic.'i,
I fent Mr. Randal in (Hir Canoe, to inform thrm ot cj
IVfign 1 but they no fooner faw him approaching their,
than they hoillcd Spanijb Colour*, and nred. 1 he ncK
Morning, wc looked into the Bay, to fee if llie h.i(l Urn «
Anchor there all Night -, and, as loon as Ihe faw us iuid-
ing, fhc renewed her Fire, Upon which, at his own Rt-
tjuclf, I lent the Mailer of our Bark, with four Negroci,
in a Canoe, with a Flag of Truce, to inform them ol i-J
Intentions. A (lalc ol Wind interrupted this Pilputc, ir«l
at lad forced the Canoe we fent on (hore, without Danger,
I dare fay, to their Lives ; fur they fecmed to niaki iJiii
their Choice, On the 19th, wc law a Sail a-htad «t u,
flar.dii^g along-Ihorc : I'j on which, Wc let go the Baik *t
had in tow, and Ipread all the Sail we coulil ; lo th.it, by
Night, wc were at a confiilerablc Diftance tioni oiirlkk,
which hail four of our own I'eoplc, and five Spaniards ir. ;t.
I was for lyingby in the Night, that our own Veirdmigu
come up i but my Company diHlrcd from me, and it «is
carried by a great Majority, that we fliould coi-.tinuc tJ
croud ."^ail all Night •, ib th.it, by Day break mi the iCth,
wc \sere witliin Icis than (lun (hot ol the Cliaee. I imme-
diately ordered our Colours to be fpread, lired a (ii.n w
l^csvard, and fent a Man upon our Poop to wave a I j;
of Trute ; but they, uj)on the- firft Sight of our Ai.? ;''
FJifign, lired at us, and fo continued to do, with tiwr
Detks full of Men, hollos*'ing, and abufing us with tlie
grolTert Ap|x-llations. Notwithftandin'g ti.is, I mail' ro
Return, until I came clofc K\\\>n thtir Qiiarter, and tte
fi nt one of their Countrymen to the Bowrpiit mkI, tu i"-
1(11111 them in Spanijh, that wc were bound 10 /'.;;r.i«i.i ; Ji'--
dt lired to treat })tac<ab!y with tiiemi and lio|xi'., at lul!,
that they would have fotiie Rri'.ard tothc svliiie MafJ, wl'-^'i
tluy law Hyini;: But Will thiy '■ontinued their fire, iivJ
HoracUs, and Ptros Ingltfa, i. e. Drunkarus, ami /.»/•;'
Jhji!, was all we could get tr-mi thein : An 1 ['■erceiving,
that tJic more Qomplailant our DciHirtmcnt wa;, the moie

inliuflin..'

Clup- '• Captain G e o r c i- S h e l v o c k i .

himinly ilify inlii't'^^l "'. ' comrlvcU it full fiiiu to bcRirj
1 ilicnu »"d tlwrelorc mec tlicm with our I Idin, an.l

"r" ,;, ^^,„ J Keception, llvrt ihey Ihfcral niund oti Iroin
Wt lull iiiillcJ getting hold o» them i but. it \a\\\\%
j!nort calm, wc continued our Engagement lor the Sjucc
fiwo or three lloun, at the Diltwicc ot MulqiKt-fhijl :
Hut It l«nK«'> * '''•^'■'•'^ wafting ui nrarrr t«> tlu m, wc fwrnd,
fiftu wi; aiVf"*'*""'' ''"" ^""f*8' t'>ohd. Hut their
CjDtiin l^i" ^f'^'^'y I'«'''*''"g» '"''* cncourJtiiMg them, and
rtuonntt I'lmf'lt in "'^ moll uiJcn Manner, was at length
M througli tlic UoJy. "»»*' dropped down ilead. UjKjn
(111 thry iiniiifi'iafly, wiih one Voki, cried out U>r
(juirter, ard \w an Knd to our DifpuU. We commanded
Ijicni lo'hoal irtit ilicir Lauiuli i but tliey anlwcred, Th«
rhf If TicUf. ail*' •»!' 'heir Kigging m general, were fo fliat-
tcrcil, that liny luuld not |>oi1iOly do it m any time.
Thcrl'lorc wr huilled out our Canoe, which we had uken
out ot the Uel} Sacramtnt the Day betore \ and Mr. Ran-
M and two or three more, went in her on board the
Pr.«. Tliey found all the I'nfomTs in the molt fubmif-
Ove Pofture, alking Mercy \ whu h they could have no

but that hrr DclLi and Quarrcri v/e;e covfl with Hlootl.
Tim wa» a njclanclioly l.(?ariinj, fince it j-ljunly apivarrd,
by many Circumllancn, that the .V/rtw/i C.-w hod mur
dercd tholi: of my People, who were lirnt to alHll tliem :
A cruel Return lor our Civilitira ami Services tn the.n ! It
fcemed ftrange to me, that our Men ll.ould run the leuil
Hazard o» eKjM)linn thcmltlvci to b. ihu> hutchered \ tor
they were four in Number, completely armed, anil tf ;rr
were but live of the Sfanifi) Crew, two of whom were Boyi.
I hefe vilf Wretches duubtlcA took, the Opportunity ot thi-
tnji^lijb being loft in Sleep, and then murdered them, not
doubting but they (hould mett with Thanks and 1 Jicou-
raRcmciit lor fo foul a Barbarity. The Namis of thole rliui
dcllri)ytd were John i,ilti, Jfotn Emtin, John H'llliams,
and Utorj^t Chaffil. Uut it is very i lobahlc, that thcf'
Murderers paid with their Lives for ihofo tiity had taktn
away j for, b. ing above four l^eagues from tho Land, atul
having no Boat, tiuy probably iiim'H;d into tin Sea on thi
Appcaraiue ot our Ship, tlunking tlicy Ihould meet imme-
diate U.atli, if they h.ul l4.1eii into our Power, as a julV
Reward III lo horrid a Crime i which tluy tlieinfelvcs were
fo fenlibic of, tiiat thry endeavou cd to li.dc thi' \^i:c\i,
ereit Caufc to exiiect, after their dire^ Brcich of the Laws which was ilyuUithtiore all over, by tlirov irgttie Flocks
of Arm« and Nations. Mr. Randall lent away the moll out ot Uids over it \ fo tlwt, till tluy were removed, the
jgnl]Jcrable of the I'rifoacrs, who informed lue, that their Blood w.is not to b- fecn. This tragiral Accident was the
Ship WIS called the It CtHiipticn dt Ktana, belonging to Caule of a g> iicral Melai-.choly amont^ft us, and fpoilcd the
CtUi, but cinjc laft from Guafxbtuo, of tlie Burden of SatislotStion wc hail enjoyed a Day or two palt, on account
200 Ton, laden with Flour, Loaves ot Sugar, Boxes of of our late I'rizi. Cur Fiilbiurs, fieing fuch anuniverfal
Marmeladf, Jari of prefcrved i'eaches. Grapes, Linus, tf r. fudden Change in us, Ixr^an to be alarmed, and looked at
moiinteil I'm IJuns, and hail liventy odd Men, well pro- each other, as it they all expecUd to undergo the fame Fate
riilftl witli Smillarms U(. and was, in particular, one of our unhappy Com^amiins had met with. Thii made me
thole Sliip', winch were fitted out in an extraordinary Man- fearful, on the other .■)iile, left their dreadful Apprehenfions

of our Revenge u^xjn them, fhould ftir them up to ol^er at
fome dclperate Attempt upon us, they being eighty in
Number, an. I we not alxjve Icventccn on board at that time,
and, w.ien we were all together, not above twenty-five,
Milb, »n(l -Sails, were much dilabled, oarticularly tlu ir that coul I llaud on their Legs : Therefore I was direiftly
Forr-mart, which, by a Shot that palfcd through the Body forced to iliev\ fome Heat, in ordering all our Prifoners to
of it, via much Ihattercd. On our Part, there was little go into tlii. Stern-tjalle y, which was very large) except the

ntr, and cominiilioned to uke us i lb that Ihe was the Iccond
of t.'iolc warlike Merchant-Hups tiat wc had taken. In this
Engijjemcnt, the SfaHiJb Captain and a Negro were killed,
indoneor two (lightly wounded; but their Riggiig,

or n I Hurt done, except to our Gunner, who w.is llightiy
wuundtd in the Forehead by a Piflol-ball, and our Main-
miil, which had a finall Piece carried out of the Side of it.
We had now about eighty i'rifuners of all Colours, and not
abuvc twiiv.y-lix of ourfelves. When the SNinilb Gentle-
men came im board, tiiey would not give me Time to alk
ttm, how It came to pafs, that they would not hearken to
our pio^jcalilc Olfers \ but fell to cxcuiing tliemfelves, and
layingall the Fauit upon tluir dead Captain Dun Jofcph De-
f'.r.), *ho vowed in a PalTion, that wc fhould have no
Terms, but h:5 own •, and that he would' take us by Force.
Aid indeed it is my Opinion, that :his was the Inclination
of ill of them, till they found our Strength-, and then, fec-
irgtiuirown Cafe d<rp-r.ite, would have Ixxn tor a Parly.
Axioni^ o;ir Prifoners, we lud levcral of Note, particularly

Nobleman, ami Ibincot the chief of them, whiKt we kept
Guard m the gnat Cabin. Ihe Spanijh (ientlcinrn, who
Wire not cunhneil, in a very moving Manner, lamented to
me the unhappy Deaths of my Men, and their own hard
Fate, in having been, in fome meafurc, Eyc-witncncs of
this blocxiy Murder •, and let fall fome lixprelTion', where-
by I perceived, that they were afraid, that 1 intended to fhew
fome Severities towards ther I'eoplc on this Occafion.
Having a good Interpreter between us, I allured them,
that, il 1 had fo revengeful an Inclination, the Laws of my
Country would rellraiii me from putting it in Execution ;
that I ailed by virtue of my King's Commillion, who, in
his Orders, torbad, m in- Ikrictelt Manner, all Acts of
Inhumanity or Oppretlion towanis our Prifoners j which
AH'urance, 1 detiied, might make them pertcftly cafy :

Den hiiLitzztir dt .Ibarca Conde dt la Rcfa, an Europtan And tlicy folcmnly promiled, that, if it was poflible any of

Niblema;), who hid been for fome time (iovernorof /"//rff,
01 thcCoaft of Ptru, and was now u[H)n his Return to
ifM ; Hid Captain Morell, who had formerly Uen taken
by Cmtaiii Rtgtrs, iic. All of them were treated with the
wmctt Civilities, which tluy wondered at •, k^aufe, from
ilVjiidici: they had ai!;.unll our Cruifers, and tiom a Sdf-
conviction of their own Behaviour towards their Prifoners,
thty rould not expcd but to have been dealt with very
toughly.

In this Situation, we were in the very Track of all the
Shipping IhjuikI to Vanma, not above thirty Miles from
Ifut Place, tew in Number, and Part of us lick ; all which

tho'c Murderers could be found living, the two Kingdoms
oi Ptru and Mixico Ihould be alarmed to bring them to Ju-
ftice \ and begged of me to tiiink my feU tl-cuie as to them-
lirlves, and tiie rcll of their Countrymen my Prifoners, who
would looner luiier any thing, than harbour any Thought,
that might be prtjuiinial to our Lives and Liberties, even
though they ihoiiid have the molt encouraging Opportu-
nity of putting it in Execution i and alTured me, on their
ilonour, that they thought they ftiould never be able to
make a jiill Return tor the generous Entertainment they
h.id met wiiii from me. Nocwithdanding this, I took

, _.. -. ... , _ fome Mea'ures to fecure our Prifiners ot the mcmor Sort ;

Confideratiuns moved us to be as expeditious as ix>f]ible in and then haled the tioh Sacratiien: .ilong-fide of us. She was
tuminingihf Contentsof our new Pruc xhf:Conccption; and, half lull of Water, and the greatell Part of her dried Beef
tho tmbcil Parrot the Woik was done by our Prilbners, w.is wet, and Ipoiled •, but all that was not damaged wc
ytt It took us up full two Days. We were, by this means, took out, tog' ther with fome live Hogs, .ind then gave her
is Will as by laint Winds, .uid Hark Calms, hindered from to Don Balii!z:inr dt Ej'pina, who, by the Death of Cap-

uin 7«/</iii D^yir/e, became Commander of tlK C9«//)/w» i
and, that Night, kept a llrider Watch than we had betore,
tho' none of us had had fcarce any Sleep lince we hiul taken

. - ..... „^ .„„.^ „„, i,,..^ „^ ,„„ „u- this Ship. The next Day, being as willing to get rid of

py llirnng m lirr. As loon as wc came up with her, I them, as they were to liave their own Ship icftoied to them,

' ''j^' '^■^t tin lx)anl j ami the Ott.cer, that went in her, and purfue their Voyage, I delivered the Ccnccptiott into the

mmcdiattly called out to me, tliai there was no Soul in her; Pofleinon of Don Ba!!i:zzar dc Efpina, &c. after having

'^liMii. i6. . ^M taken

I'J' I'mig liur Baik, till the ml As wc bore down towards
HT, and came pretty near, wc were extremely furprifed to
Kf, tnat Ihe only came to, and fell oft', altho* all her Sails
*'!<• fct 5 anil what ama/.ed us moft was, that wc law no

«M|

1 1

¥f

\<d

, (■■':i.

!*:!*:

il.^'tt?

7/;^ V () Y A G E S o/

taken out of her ..vclvf Months J'u.vifion of Bn;ul, Flour,
Sugar, ami .Swe«.-ne;its, uikI a hkt- I'roiJurt.on for thc.sw-
«/}, which I exjK-artl to Htid at the Tns Marms.
wife took away their l-uunch, ami their Nti^rixs

2;0

Book I.

iFift

wife took away their l-uunch, ami their iNti;riKS to .il
ut in the Management of our Ship, knownic, that we tou .1
not well hold out much longer, it the Work was not nvule
eafier ; am), fince we had k large Ship, and a Run ot x^j
to fail, I thought wc could do no other, than rcinlorcc our-
fclves by the /Vinftancc oi" thefe Blacks, who are common y
good Sailors in thofc P.irts i and indeed, as it aftf awards
happened, we Jhould never have reached the Cnafts ot ^Jta,
or any other Land, without them.

The moft important and rcmwkable Part of Captain
Bttagh'i Book is that which has Relation to the Circum-
ftances mentioned in the foregoing I'ai.igraphs, every one
ol which he cither controverts or tienics. I le thinks, that
the Sailing to Panama is a full Proof, that the Men Ut on
fliorc with Lieutenant Brooks MSanfcnnate wrrc laciificcdi
bccaufc, lays he, had the Cjptaiii intenJ.rd them tairly, he
would have gone to Panama at once, wh<re he was fure
of a better Rccqnion than in any other Port of the South
Seas. Me next reiriarks, that the Captain got rid of tour
of his Men more, by putting them on Ixj.ird of the Bark,
out of pure Civility, as the Captain calls it i upon which
Mr. Bchigb is extremely fevcrc : But then the R( adcr is
to conlider, that the Juftice of his Oblciv.ition deix-mis
en the Truth or Failhoovlof Captain Shthoike'% Relation ■■,
for if we take the Thing uixjn his Stating, that he adually
informed the Captain ot the B.irk of his intention to lur-
rcndcr, and put his Men on board purely to adilt in work-
ing the Vclfel, then there is nothing abfurd or ridiculous
in Captain Shflvecke'i tailing this a Piece of Civility, which
aggravated the Cruelty of the Spanrardi, in killing the
Men that were put on baird : But if thefe Men had I'of-
fcOion of the Bark, .xs a Prize, th.it will alter the Cafe,
and jollify Mr. B<::agl'i Retle-ctions. I mud contels, it
fsems very probable-, tlut the Spanianh confuiered the
Thing in this Light ; for otherwilc, why did the .Mafter
of the Bark, and thofc who were w,th him, run themfclvcs
on fliorc, when he font them into the Bay of Panama in a
Canoe ? Or, why docs Capt.iii^ i^heliuki blame his Men
for not ta'v.ng (iitficient Prccuitioiis .' If they were put on
board out of Civility, they were to tnift the Spaniards ;
if they did nor, it is plain th^y weicin PoiVcll'iDn, and the
Jiark was tluir Prize. For my own Part, I take thi: Truth
of the Matter to be this: Ihc Captain of the B.irk under-
llooil her to ix-a I'ri/e ; and, afar he got alhore, prcxured
fullicicnr AlTiftance to retake h.r ; but, doubling whether
he fliould be able to tjct into Port before iitfIvo(ke\ Return,
lie carricit off his own Crew, and murdered the En^'.ijb.
'I'his, 1 fay, is my Notion of the Matter j and I leave it
intirely to the Keailcr's Confideration, whetlur 'tis pro-
bable or not. But wc are now come to a Matter ot tar
greater Conlcquence, indecei a Matter which t^ives us tlic
greatell IJght into the true Scheme of, at leall, the latter
Part of the Voyage i and therefore I ftiall give it in Mr. Bt-
iagh's own Word--, from whom we have this Information,
li IS, ineleed, a very extraordinary Piece ot tecret Hiftory,
and worthy the Rc.ider's Attention ; the rather as it teems to
be fupported by F.vielence, ;uiel explains abumiance of tiark
Things in the preceding and in the liibfcquent Part of this
F.xpedition, and is intircly i.itVercnt from any thing that is
to be met with in the Conduit of Captain Clifptrten, who is
loaded with to many heavy Charges by Captain Shelvockt.
Thus fpcaks Captain Betagh: " This being the great Crifis
" of Capuin Shelvocke'i Voyage, I (liall be more parti-
*' cular m relating the Affair ot this laft Prize, which will
" open the moll notorious Scene ot Deceit that lias ap-
•' pcared yet. This Ship was called the Conception, Don
•' SKpben de Reco'^a Commander, bound from Calao to
•» Panama^ having on board fevcralPerfnns of Diftindtion,
•' particularly the Conde de la Rofa, a Spamjh Nobleman,
•' who had been fomc time (Jovernor of Pifco, and was
*» now going to Spain, laden with Hour, Sugar, Marme-
♦' lailc. Peaches, CirajKrs, Limes, el cetera. Now, be
*' it known to all Mtii, that that el cie.era was an hunilrcd
" and eight thoufand fix hundred and thirty-lix Pieces
" of Light i and Shelvtfke little thought, when he took

» this Prize, or compiled iiis Book, that I, of .ill }j[„
" IhouKl have this cxaft St.ite of this AlVair: He oftw
" laid, he would never give the Gentlemen Owners a fait
" Account 1 and I have often promifed, in this Trcatill-
" to prove that he elid fay fb ; and now wc iiavc both
•' m.ide our Words good, I have not only an authentic
" Account, but I will declare alio how 1 got it. When I
" was carried Prilbner to Lima, I had Lcifure enough to
" relied on my Misfortunes how likely I w.is to be ruinfd
" and the Owners to be cheated •, fo that, to prepare thcni
•' in l>fence of their Rights, I wrote over to one of them
" the Subftance of wh.it had occurred to me •, how .JV.
" vocke had milmanaged, how arbitrarily he had aftcil m
" Defiance of their Articles, and v.luit his priv.!tc Irtcn-
" tions were in the future Part of the Voyage, As Ibon
•' as I camt to I^ndon, which w.is in (Mil/er ijj,, ]
•' confirmed the Purport of my Letter, with feveral new
" Circumflanccs ; for all which Performance cf my Dutv,
•' I do fupjiofe my Name has met with lb much Reproach
" in Cajiuin Sbehmkr's Book ; but, licfides my Aclvic^,
" theCicntlemen had tnany Proofs from othrr Prilbncr<[
" and other People Eleven Months after, being ^^,,{
" Captain Sbelveeie himfelf arrived, and waits immcdi-
" ately on the laid Gentlemen, to compound in the Lump
" for all his Tranfaftions, not owning any thing of thu
" Prize, whicJi he had unlawfully (hared, and every thirg
•' elle, among threc-and-thirty of them. Inftead ofcom•
" promifing the Matter, the Gentlemen read him a Ltt-
" tcr, feeured him, and tlic fame Day had hini confihrj
" in lyoodftrcel Ccmpter. A few Days alter, his Pupil,
" Stcuarl, arrived at Dnir, ami was fcized by the honell
" Warden of the Callie, acconling to Direefions, who
" faiihlully feeured his Book of Accounts, and broug.*!:
" it, with the I'rifoner, to the Owners, from whom I
" had the Book, and ce>picd the Dividend, which is «
" follows;

Names

(luality

Number
of Sh.ire-

DoIUri

En^l. M«Kt

Cnrgf Sl:ltlfit

C)mn>ander

iijjj

2641 10 c

S.»itii. / HanJal

Lieutenant

4rH

Jct'H Raiftr,

(.apt Marines

4:"' <

IICO 17 4

Hh:.J>,UUUlra

Mallei

4''8 (

: e.^h.

S:.'-»Ui AJami

Surgftin

4718

Vaiil'iiu itruitrl

Firlt Mate

jr-; "

Moi.licur Iftirli

Sccu:id Mate

3?:>

iit}i^^r fUaJhiil

Bo.i(iwain

J"!

• 8S0 16 s

Kihtrl Da rnftft

arptnitf

3r-<

H'lUiam Clark

Cjunner

5-75 •

y.siiti Daiii/,

MiiiDiipman

1 t

aSjo

PnviJ Hi !jfiil)

JlIlO

, 1

1K30

i.vtijltphii //«;iii»i

i!itto

J830

Olivrr U'l-vtt

S.,i:. maker

1 *

a»30

le'.'H litiJKt

Surgeon'i Mate

, t
1 t

aS)o

660 :

il'tlltixm l^lc^^nn

liltrcl

jSjo

c;icii.

Jthn Pffflt tu

Armourer

1 ^

2H30

Jjifui Mcfiii

Cooper

1 1

jMp

letn Ptmr/m

Carpenter'! M.

1 1

1*^0

<<■/». .''ti/vtJt, jut.

■ J

jS;o '

U'llliam LUmtKl

.\ble Setmin

.SH;jN

ytthn S'trrh

ilittii

"'^'i.-;

'Juvai Msulvillt

llltIO

"H-'ri

Otii^ GtU

i!ittvi

i»S7i

V 44" ' =

Prtir (in

llllIO

lSK;«

/ eicS.

Jih, Smith

ditto

<>*•,-',

f.Jxt-ari Aiitcks

Jitto

,s.vi

•J,hn 'lh„UU

Barber

'9»rL

H'Ul um Burr^zi'l

Old Seaimn

14' ;1

tic];.

l)a,„l A/' l),^M

ditto

'4';l

K„l.a,Ji:>,/i

ditto

'4';t

'Juhn l\»f>if!i

tiruinmet

94]t

2JP 4 •
each.

1 !i'-;'- 1? '■

Binidl.l Hjrry

Cook

?'l

■;4Ji

" Here the Reader perceives the Sum Tot.il of tii.sP;-
vidend to be Ihort ot what 1 laid the Capture am(iiin!e>i
to i but, in order to fet that Matter right, tliere is a le-
cret Article of 627 Qii.idnii)!i > ot CJold, wiiich .^w
recke gracioufly fharetl among private" Friends ; cae.io
which <^iadruple, ordouiilr Doubkx,)n, is worth li.xi'.'
Dollars, or I'lcces ot Fight ;

;: ■■:1i;: •

»• .;

chip. I. Captain George Sh

H L V C K K.

251

And nukts ' Dollars ; wl.icli, at 4 /• 8 </. '
inwliole I io,Oj2 i cacli, makes \ •'^

43,007 15 6

whiciibcingf jj^o i or

lukes

108,636!

35,348 II 6

» All which Money Shthocke has the prodigious Modcfty
" to conceal ; and only lays, the Prize was laden with
" Flour, Sugar, Fruit, ist. Utewart'i Book mentions
" the 6i7 Doubloons, but not a Word how tJiey were di-
" vided i fo that wc muft imagine them to be funk among
" both the Sbcheckes and Stewart ; for, as Steivart was
" Agent, Calhicr, and Paymallcr, it was an caly Matter
'' to hiile a Bag of Gold from the Public, and difpofe of
" it afterwards in a Committee of two or three."

36. It WIS not only an Aft of Generofity towards our
Spnijh Prifoners, but an Aft of Prudence alio with regard
to our own Conduft, the parting, as wc did, with the
Onctpticn, and all on board her. They were but three
Days in our Pofreinon, and in tliat time treated with fu
much Humanity, that we had the uttermoft Keafon to be-
lieve they fctainetl a grateful Senfe of our Kindnefs. The
great I'oint now to be managed, was to obtain the Con-
Itnt of my People to fail as far North as California, licforc
our intended Voyage to the Kajl India, for which, it we
vere nor in as good a Condition as wc could willi, we
were, at ieall, in a better than we were Ixfore, or th>in, all
Things confidered, wc had any Reafon to expeft, fincc
»chatiagood Ship, fifteen Guns, Ammunition enougli
to fupply thtm, and a reafonable Quantity of Provifior.s.
We (ill! wanted, however, fomcwhat to coiiiplrtc our
Woodand Watcrforfo longa Voyage \ fothat the procuring
t'.is WK naturally our tirll Caie. The Ship's ComjJany
thought of going to the Maud of Sluilo, wiiich was, in-
iltid, the nearell i'lace to us : But the gt>ii y tlutlier was
attended with two great Inconveniencies : Ot thcfe, the
firft was the Danger of the Roail ; which, as the Honuy
S-ofon was coming on, ami we were but very imliftcrently
proviJeil with Ground-tat kling, mull have cxpofed us to
rany Dangers : The fccond, that, as the Illoi-.d of i^iibo
Wis at a very finall Diftancc from Panama, we had Reafon
to fear the SpMiarai would fend a Siiip of War from
th.nce in Search of us; which would have put an I'.nd to
i\ our Defigns, fmte we hail now no furtlur 1 lopes of
there being a Peace, and conllquently lud laid alide all
Thoughts ot furrcndering. Upon theli; Conliderations, it
TO ilaerniincd to ply up to Cano ; where, having a gix)d
Boit, we foon did our Bulinefs. In our Paffage thither,
theSwcetnicati ot'ail kinds were divided among the MelUs ;
but one of the Men complained he had a Box ot Murmc-
h'e he could not (lick lus Knife in, and ilcliretl it might
b^ changed: I opened it, and found a Cake of Virgin-
Itlver h it, moulded on purpofe to fill llich Boxes » and, be-
I'g veiy poiou?, was ot near the fame Weight of fo much
i\larir.dai!e, the Weight being 200 Pieces of tight : In
overhjimg the rcll, we found five more : 'Ihis was a
Urtrivaixf to i!. fraud the King of .Spain of his Fifths,
»teh he lays a Claim to in all the Silver taken out of any
otthr Mines in Peru We, doubtlels, kit a great many
Uhind us 1 fo that this Deceit Itrvcd them in a double Ca-
ficty, of wronging their King, and blinding their luie-
niies. An Aftair, as vex.itious as this, fell out on board
fj iV ^""'/^ hail taken, where they found a very con-
lificra.1 c Quantity of Pinas, or Virgin-filver, in the Form
ot Brxks, viry artfully plaiRered over with Clay, and
cncd m the Sun : As they never bum their Bikks in that
Uuwry, they took them to be really futh -. and therefore
yT ^ T'^^ '^iin^ber of thtm overboaiil, as fo much Rub-
^•n, snd nude no Diftov-iy till the four or five laft Pieces.
1, ^'^^. '*'» 'S 1 can't fay -. but it was re|H)rted to me as
^•^■^r ot l-aft by (cvual of the Officers belonging to Cap-
••■n C.;;;.'r.'c». 1 ,„uft obf.rve here, that every thing taken

. iV'""'^'""' ^'■'^ '''''"''^^*' according to the Articles la(l
MAij at the Illind of Juan IcrnanJez -, or, in other

i '^''f" ="-™'l'nj? to the ufual Cullom of Privateers,
« gave me fix shares only inQead uf fixty •, and they

I r-iJio-l to allow au: .,11 huiUrca Pounds, wluch 1 had laid

out of my own Money for nccclTary Supplies at the manil
i)\ St. Catharine' i. I found myfelf alfo under many other
Difficulties as to the Courfc we were to fteer, becaufe the
Ship's Company were well enough informed, that, in ordej"
to go to the Eajl Indies, there was no NecefTity of running
farther to the North than the Latitude of 13*' j and there-
fore I was obliged to infiit, in the belt manner I could, on
the Advantages that might be drawn, with rcfpeft to clean-
ing and refitting our Ship, from the favourable Situatioti
ot Perto Stguro in California ; and it was not without a
great deal to do, that I induced my People to liften to
this with a Degree of Patience. At laft, having brought
them to my Purpofe, 1 weighed from Cano, and fteered
Northward, having favourable Winds for forty-eight Hours,
and afterwards inconllant Ciales, and very bail Weather,
which induced me to think of getting farther out to Sea,
in hopes of meeting there with more fettled Weather,
which, in our Circumftances, was a Point of the utmoll
Imp()rtancc. This Defign 1 immediately put in Execution,
and found, that, at fixty Leagues Diftance, we had Winds
variable, and between feventy and eighty Leagues Diftance
they ftitleel at Kart North-call and North-eaft : Therefore
I kept this Diftance from the Land, till we had run the
FIcight of 20 ■ North ; and were not, in all this PalTage,
in the Icaft fenfibie of any Currents, being alfo intirely out
of the W.iy of the frightful Rlplings, and Overfalls ot the
Water, which we frequently met withal nearer to the Land,
which alarmed us in the Nigiit, when we have been be-
calmed in deep Water i fdr we frequently heard a Noife,
as of the fall of W .iter pafTing through a Bridge, a con-
liiierable time beiore it came to us, which afterwards pafTed
by us at a very great Rare : All the Effeft it had on the
Ship, was to ni.ike her aiifwer n r Helm wildly, if we had
any Wind ; but whei; it has happened, that we have met
thcfe moving Waters very near th-: Shore, wc could not
perct ive, that we eitl; -r gained or Icil any Way by them,
though \vc luve continued in them for a Quarter of an
1 lour together. I have oBferved thefe Overfalls both to
come from the Weftward and blaftward -, but, by getting
out to Se.a, we were not only clear of thefe InconveniencieSi
but were alio out of the Way of rhc black Seafon, which
began to be fixt on the Coafls ; for, at Cano, in goii g thi-
ther, we felt very hard Gulls, with black rolling Wea-
ther, frequent and violent Ihunder and Lightnr.g, at-
tended by lie.ivy Showers of Rain. In this I'allage, we
were continually .KConi])anied by vaft Sholes of Fidi, lUcH
as Doip'iiin, Honita, Albicore, and Angel-filh, which are
in Shape like Salmon, and have Scales like them, but
a Tail like the Dolphins ; anil alfo ne.irly refemble them
when in the Wate.", they appearing in all t!ie beautiful Co-
lours th.it the Dolphin has ; and as fo- eating, are by much
the bcft Filh that fwim near the Suifaee. We were al-
moft continually pLigu^d with Flocks of thefe fort of Birds,
fo well known to Seamen by the Name of Boobies ; and
their Dung, which llinks intolerably, proved a Nuifance not
to be delcribed, notwithftandmg ail the Pains we could
Mkc to keep the Yards, Tops, and Decks clean. In the
Beginning of Atiguft, we reached the Illand Tres Marias,
but could lee no Sign of Captain Clipperton's having been
there •, and were alfo dttappointcd in our Hopes ot find-
ing Water ; lince, on the llrifteft View we were able to
take of all three lllands, nothing hke a Spring was to be
dilcovercd in any of them, notwithftanding what fomc
former Writers havcfaid of their meeting thefe with Wa-
ter in abundance.

27. After having fpent about thret Days in fearching
of thcfe lllands, I thought it bell to ftand over for the
Main-land of California, as well for procuring Mtrhat was
wanting in our own Ship, as in Hopes of meeting once
more with the Snccefs. Accordingly, on Mgujl 1 1 . wc
made that Coail -, and the Inhabitants, .is fooh as they dif-
covercd us, nude Fires on the Shore .is we ran by them :
Towards the Evening, two of them came off to us on a
Bark-log, but were a long time before they would accept
of our Invitation to rome into the Ship 1 at length, after
a great many Signs which we made to them, they ventured j
when, in a Moment, feeing the Whites and our Blacks
promifcuoufly ftand together, they, with angry Counte-
luuiccs, feparatcd them from us, aiid would liardly fuiFer

them

it'

'■'ll

•)K

232*

nc VOYAGES 6/

Book J.

V-,

^g;!*'

H-"'.

(f 'J

ilSf

them to look upon w : Tliey tlicn madr Signs to us all to
nt down i which ilone, one of them put himklf into ftraiige
PoftuM, and ran tVom one to the other of us, talking to
us with great Vehemence, and fcemed to be in a pcrteit
Tranfport of Ecttafy, continually finglng or fpeaking, and
running about fo faft, till he was quite out ot Breath. 1 he

former Guefts wlio fccmcd as if they were never tiitj
With gazing at us, and our Ship. But, that nothing ftould
be wanting in us to keep up the Amity we had already
contrafled, I ordered a great Boiler to be carried afliort
witii good Store of Flour and Sugar, and a Negro Cook'
to be continually boiling Haily-pudding for the numerou',

Night^oming on. they were for departing, and we g,ve |;peft«or. on the B^ch ^ -^^ -%,^behov d us .o k«p

them a Knife~or two. an old Coat, and fome other rnries,
which pliafed them very well \ and they, by Signs, gave
us repeated Inviutions to go afliore with them. On the
13th. at Day-break, we lound ourfelvcs near Puertt Se-
gari i fome of the Natives came out on Bark-logs to meet
us, whilft others got uiwn the Top* of the Hills and Rocka
near the Sca-fule, making Fires for us : There was an uni-
vcrfiJ Joy fpread through them j thofc that were near the
Rocks to fee us, came in running up-aad-tlown to one an-
other i and thofe that came out to fee us on Bark- logs,
btddled with all their Strength, imf^atient to have a nearer
View of us. Our Anchor was no fooncr down, than they
came off to us in Crouds, fome few on their Bark-logs,
but moft of them fwimming, talking and calling out to one
another in a confuted Manner -, our Ship was in an inllant
fuli of thefe fwarthy Gentry, quite naked » amongft the
reft was tht^ King, or chief Man, whom we could not
dillinguifh by any particular Ornament, nor by any Dtfcr-
ence tiut was paid to him ; the only Enfign of Sovereignty
which he bore about him, was a black round Stick, made
of an hard Wood, of about two Feet and an half in Length ;
this being obfcrved by fonte of my People, they brought
turn to me t upon which, he concluding that I was the
Chief in the Ship, in a very handfome manner delivered his
black Sceptre to me, which I immediately returned to him.
This Man, notwithftanding his favage Appearance, had a
good Countenance, and his Behaviour had fomcthing noble.
I loon found a way to regale them ; for we had a great
Quantity of Sweetmeats : I therefore ordered what deep
Diflies 1 had to be brought upon the Deck ; the Jars were
broached, and the Difhes filled with the rhoiccll of Pe
ruvitn Cor "ervcs \ they were every one accommodated
with Spoo 1, and, though they could not fit regularly to
their t'.ertainmcnt, becaufe of their Numbers, who had
all an equal Welcome to the good Chear, yet, as we kept
continually replrmfhing their empty Dilhcs, they were all
fatisfied with u much as they cared to cat : Their Food
they liked extremely well \ and the Spoons which were
molUy Silver, they returned with great Honefty, which
they would iloubtlefs have done, had they been Gold, the
Value of thofe Metals being unknown to them. Flaving
thus commenced a Friendlhip with them, I font an Officer
alhore to view the Watering-i lace 1 and, to make him the
more Welcome, I fent with him fome coaifc blue Baife,
and fome Sugar, as a Frcfent to the Women, ainongft
whom it was to be equally didributcd. The King, feeing
our Boat ready to put ott', was fur wailing on her with his
Bark-log, but I iiureated him to uke a Faflagc in our
Boat i which he fcemed to be mightily pleafcd widi. The
Rcmoiniler ot the D.iy was fpent in an Interview between
us and our wiKI Vifitors, who behaved theinfelves in ge-
neral VC17 tlin«'ly »"«1 peaceably. The Officer returning
with an Account of his civil Reception, we prepared our
Calks to fcmi alhore the next Morning. Indeed, from
fome Accounts which I had read concerning thefe Ftojilc,
I apprehended no Moleftation from them m wooding aiui
watering \ though, at the firft View, the Country and
Inhabitants would tiilTuade me from venturing freely
amongil them j ihcy even appeared fo terrible amongft
our Negroes wl»o had been born mCutnry, that one of
them, who had betn fent with the Officer on (bore, was
afraid to ftir irom the Boat, and all the while kept on Ax
in his I land 10 difcmi himfelf from any that might attack
him : But ihi* Dread proceeded irom the Contempt which
tlic two lirll that cime off to us had cxpreflcd towards our
Ncgroet , in ftp,iratiii(i them from tlie Whites. As loon ;is
the Night approached, all tiic /fli/»d«j fwam adiore ai^am,
fo that we had the Fleafure of a clear Ship to reft ourlclves
in ai'icr the Fatigues of the Day.

The next Morning by Day break our Boat went alhore
wi.h thofc ik(l[',neil to cut Wood, and lill W.itrr ; and,
Ltlorc tlie Sun w.4 u^j, wc wcic again aoudcd with our

in their Favour, lince, whether in the Ship, or on the
Strand, we were wholly in their Power •, thofe on Ihorc
being perpetually furroundcd by Mu'titudes, and we in the
Ship were »rom Morning till Night fo incommoded b»
them, that we could hardly move fore and aft through tbe
Crouds of t ,em thit w ,re lUring at us. They at firft
were idl- Look r on, till their natural Companion for the
few Men, w.iom th y faw rolling 6f gnat Casks of Water
over the heavy Sand, in the fult^ 1 icat of the Day, ii>
due (.1 tlum t.) help OS, together with the kind Triatmerf
they m't with fiom us, and the P-racularRcadintfjot
their Chief to ferve us, by (hewing his People a good Ex-
ample } for, alter Mr. Randall, my Lieutenant, took up
the lirll, he took up the fccond Log of Wood, to cany
to the Boat, and was immediately followed by two or ttircc
hundred of them, fo that they cafed my M' n of a great
Fatigue, and Ihortened the Time we had Occafion to iuy
at this Place : They likcwifc rolled our Cask oown to the
Boat, but always cxpdled a white Face to aflirt tl.cni,
who, if he did but touch it with his Finger, was lu'^cu-nt
tncoi;ragement for tlum to perfcvcrc in tiii ir Lilxw.
Wc even found .Means to make them, who ufed to bciil
Day on board, oli lul to us ; for when we came to hcti
the Ship, we trouded them all over on one Side, whxh,
together with other Shifts, gave us a very confidenbk
Heel, while wc cleaned and paid our Bottom widi Pitch
and Tallow \ and fo tra^hible were they, that tiiey wciid
fit very quiedy on the Side they w:rc lad to jjo to, till we
ordered them to difperfe themlclves that we might br;,ig
the Ship upright again. Thus they repaid our Civiliua
by ihtir Services, and every Day they fcemed more ud
-nore fond ot us. When our Boat went on Ihore in the
Morning, there was a conllant Retinue waiting fur ou:
People on the Beach, and paiticularly thole, who, byi
better Drel's, they guelfed to be abiove ttie cc mnion Kdt;
theie they always rrc.ived with fuch for.iul Ceremonies, s
cuulu not be cxpt^ted in faeh a i'Lce ^ tor, as loon asthef
came out of the Boat, they were immedutJy laid holdoa
by two Indians, who led them between th<m, and to:
followed by a great many Couples, Hand-m Hind j tks
they led them up to the River, and th n left them to that
own Lil«ity, to proteid in the Direclion and hi-
cution ot their Bulintl's. By t'lis time the Rumour ni oj
Ainval was fpread through idl the neighbouring Parts; <nl
fome of diti'creiit Clans, from thofe who inhabit' d tlicLuiii
about this Bay, camcdaily to view us ; thofe who come frun
any Diltance in the Country could not fwim •, and, tk
they were diflerent from thofc we had firft fecn, appciii
by the Manner of painting themfelvcs, and other littk 1>-
ftmCtions, which were vitible amongft thtnij but the) J
united amicably to alTift us, and hanlly any were idle hi
the Women, who ufed to fit in Circles, on the iLoidi^g
Sand, to give Attendance for their Share ofwliatwasg i^
forwards, wlileh they ufed to receive without any qiurrti-
ling amongfl them about the Inequality of the DillnLution,
although fome, who had no Spoons, fared but pooily; Itit,

at lall, there were few of them that had not fi mctlung
fervcthem to eat their Spoon-meat, encouraged tin retobf
our conftant Supplies of it, with which wc fed Icveti
Hundreds every Day. Thus, by a mutual Exchaiig: d
goo.l Offices one toward another, they thought iwm-
lelves happy in us, and we thought ourfclves lortumtcia
meeting fo timely and neceflary Alliftance •, for it is p
bable, that my Men might have contrafte-d a dangnoJ
Sitkncls by working fo laborioully in the Heat ot tlic UjJ.
after being in a manner worn out by what th.y hod alrtic;
undergone. H.ivmg already completed our Wulmelsiniit
Space of five Days, we, on the ilit.i of Augufi, prtp*™
for our Di^parture, and emplojcd the Morim.^ m "'•^•■^
a large Diilribution of Suji/r amongft the W omen •, m|
to the M.n wc tave a great n,any Kniv.s old Ax-s, *" |
old Iron, whiLli wc had taliea 111 our I'lUeSi theicw"

inoL 111 naJ. I" Return,
miiAnows, Dvir-skiu Bags, live toxcs and Squirrels,
!.'( ' 1 lut wt might apjjcar as awtui to them as polTiblc,
1 ordcreil live Guns to be fired on tlic loofing our Top-
liils ; the Noilc ot' which mightily frightened them ; and,
uio'l'cnng "ur Sails loofcd, tlicrc was an univcrfal IJamp

Chap- 1. Captain George Shelvocke. IJJ

tlic moll iireliil Tiling? to them, and of which they flood troubled with this Plague only at this Seafon of the Year ;

. I. j-yj^g of them gave us Bows and, in Confidence of this, I gave them a large

Quantity of Calavances, and flicwed tliem how to fow
them. But, if I (liouid be millaken in my Conjefture,
and thcfc Vermin infell the Country the whole Year round,
the fowing thefe, or indeed any other kind of Vegetable,
will be of very little Ufc. The Harbour of Putrto Scguro
ujoii t.icir'Spirits, which nught be cal'ily perceived by the was fo called by Sir Thomas Candijh : It lies about two
livily Sorrow that was painted in all their Countenances •, Leagues to the North-eaft of Cape 67. Lucas; and is,
I'litir Women were all in Tcan, when my People had when you are in it, a very fafe and good Port, and
fxcaital tikir Orders, and were coming off to the Ship ; extremely convenient for Privateers that arc cruifing for
:inJ a great many of the Men ftaid in the Ship all the the Manilla Ship. The Watering-place is on the North
wlule wi' were purchafing our Anchor, and did not offer Side, in a fmall River, which there en'pties itfelf into the
to ftir till we wire under Sail \ and then, with the Sea, and may be known by the Appearance of a great

many green Canes, which grow in it, and which always
prcfcrve their Verdure, becaufe the Locufts will not touch
them, which is owing to fomething in thofe Canes noxious
to th.it Infcft.

It is now requifite, that I (liould enter on a particular
Defcrijnion of tlie People of this Country, for various
Rtafons, but particularly thefe : That hitherto they have
been little known, have been fometimes mifrcprefented,
and have been particularly confidcrcd by me, in Lights,
which, very probably, no other Man will enjoy, as it is
certain no En^ltjhman ever had them before me. The
Men arc all tall, ftrait, and well-fet, have very large
Limbs, with coarlc, black, (hag Hair, which does not
re.jch down to their Thiglis, as a late Navigator reports
in his Voyage, nay, dcfccnds hardly down to their
Shoulilers. The Women are of a much fmaller Size,
their 1 lair much longer than the Mens, with which fome
of them .ilmoll lover their Faces. Some of both Sexes
have g(X)d Countenances, but of a much darker Com-
plexion than any Indians I law in thrle Seas, being of a
deep copper Colour. Such is their Simplicity, that the
Men go quite naki.il, without the kail thing to cover
them, and wear nothing but a few Trifles, which they look
uj)on as Ornaments ; futh as a Band or Wreath of red and
whiteSiik-grafs, which fome wear round theirHeads,adomed
on each Side with a Tuft c/f Hawks Feathers ; others have
Pieces of Mothcr-of-Pearl, and fmall Shells, tied in their
Hair, and h.inging about tlieir Necks •, fome have a large
Necklace, of fix or fevcn Strings, compofed of fmall red
and black Berries ; fome are fcarified all over their Bodies ;
others ufe a kind of Paint, fome befmearing all over their
Faces and Brealls with bi.ick, and others are regularly
painted all over, from the Face to the Navel, with black,
and from thence, down to their Feet, with red. The
Women, on tli? contr.iry, wear a thick Fringe of Silk-
grafs, reaching from their Middle down to their Heels,
and have a Deer-skin carelefly wrapped over their
Shoulders ; foine of the Utter Sort have the Skin of a
large Bird wrapped about them in the fame manner. From
what I have Ixen rcLitiiig, the Reader may reafonably con-
clude, that nothing can be more fav.ige : But there is a
wiile Difference between what one would upon the firft
Sight expect to finil irom them, and what they really are ;
for all that I could difcern in tlieir Behaviour towards one
another, ami their Deportment towards us, they are endued
with all the Humanity ini.iginable i for, all the time we
W( re tlitre, and conllantly among lb many Hundreds of
them, there was nothing to be perceived but the moll
agreeable Harmony, and mtjll affeflionate Elleem for one
anotiier, inlbrnuch that wlien any of us gave ;uiy thing
that was eatable to any one ot them in particular, he always
divided it into lb many Shares as there were Perfons about
him, and commonly referved the leafl: for himfelf : They

,„o(l litjcclcd Afpefts, leapcil overboard. That I'.vcning
wc took our Departure from Cape 57. Lucat, in our Way
to Ci".nn.

2>. .'M'tcr making fome Stay in California, and
liaviiiir lb thjrough an Acquaintance with its Inhabitants,
it is but natural tor me to attempt, as others have done, to
rivc li>nic Account of it, the rather, becaufe great Things
luvc Ixen expected from a pcrfedt Knf»wledge of its Ex-
tent ami B.)UiKiaries ■, though, for my Part, I muff con-
Id's, 1 believe fuch a Dilcovcry would proiluce few real
Advantages, how much Satistadlion foever it might give
toiheCunous. The Spaniards, whole Intercft and Op-
portunities are greater than ours, or, indeed, than any
other Nation in Eurofe, have, of late effKcially, been
(Xtremdy negligent in this rcfpeifl. Their annual Aca-
fuko Ships are olten obliged to run into high Latitudes for
the Benefit of Wellerly VVinds ; and, in iloing this, have
iLMnitinies had Souiutings in their Paffagc, which cer-
tainly affonicd a great Probability of finding Land, tho'
IneviT heard, that they puflicd any fuch Difcovery. How-
ever, lor this, and many other Kcafons, I am inclined to
think, that /bturica and ^jfia are joined by fome Trad of
Lar.d to the Northward. Leaving, however, thefe Con-
jtfturcs to be fupported or confuted by future Difcoveries,
1 rtiall tontine mylelf to Faifls, and report only what I
have teen or known, for the Information of the prefent
,\gc, and of J'ollerity. The F.aftern Coaft of that Part
ot Cihfornia, which I had a Sight of, appears to be
noantiinous, barren, and landy, and very like tome Parts
o; Peru ; but, ne\ e; thelefs, the Soil about Puerto, He-
Itro, anil (very likely in moft of the Valleys) is a rich
Hid Mould, which, as you turn it frelh up to the Sun,
a-;ie.irs as it intermingled with Gold-duff j fome of which
»v eiidea\oured to walli and purify from the Dirt ; but
I. ii^h we were a little prejudiced againll the Thoughts
ti\ It loiiLl Ik ixjllihle, that this Metal Ihould be io pro-
miiiuaiilly and univerfally mingled with common Fjrth,
)S w: endeavoured to cleanfe and walli the Earth from
ti nv.- nt It i aiij the more we did, the more it appeared
like Gold. In oriier to be further latisfied, 1 brought
a* ly liiine of it, which we loft in our Confulions .it Cl.'ina.
Hi"', k- tlut :s it will, it is very piolwble, that tins
( '..tiy alxnmds in Met.ils of all Sorts, though the Inlia-
I:t~r.t5 lud no Utcniils or Ornaments of any Metal what-
t'AV;r ; which is no wonder, fmce they arc lb perfectly
ii,r,orant in all Arts.

This Soil produces Plenty of Wood -, but the Trees are
>;ry fnuil, hardly defcrving a better Name than that of
ll> ihi<i : But Woods, which arc an Ornament to moft other
( ' Ji'tries, lerve only to make this appear the more de-
f'«e, tor the Locufts fwarm there in fuch abuiulance,
tiut they don't leave a green Leaf on the Trees. In the

ll^y-time, thele deft^rudive Inftds are jicrpetually on the
h i!y;nij in one's Face

11 g, roving in Clouds, and are extremely tro'ubletbme feldoin walk fingle, but go moft by Pairs, Hand-in-I land .
' " "" '' ' ' ■ They are in Shajie and Bitj,nefs Tluy api^K-ar to ht perfectly meek-, and there is no Indi-
es. ion ot Cruelty in either their Afpeds or Actions :
They, indeed, feem to be pretty haughty towards their
Women ; which, perhaps, may proceed from too great
an Opinion of the Superiority of their own Sex. They
lead a carelet's Life, and have every thing in common,
lean hiiig for nothing beyond the neceffary Supports of
1 .ifr ; I y which means tluy are free from the anxious
Trouliles to wlmli thole are luhjeft, amongft whom Lu-
xury and Pride have pot any 1 noting, 'i'hey never offered
to pilfer or fteal any ol cm 1 ools, or otlicr Utenfils,
5 O which

-eungly like our green Grafshoppers, but differ from

t-m in their Colour, which is yellow. No Iboner had we

^' "X to an Anchor, than they came off in luch abundance,

i^-t t.ic .Sea about us was ftrcweil with their dead B-kIics.

'■' -S by the inielKint Ravages of thofe Lixufts, the

■ '["it of the Country tlierealxjuts is ftripped naked,

'='J""1andintr,l„. n^^ral Wariiith ot tlie Llinute, ..nd

I'^-M.nds „t th" .Soil. I dun't know, th.it any of our

"'■n.rr Nuvif-.iii,r5 luive cbleived this m their Aaoui.ts of

''■^.''•'(Ci and tikiclure am penuaJed, that they arc
•^^■■•■11!. 10. I » ;

234

ne VOYAGES of

Book I.

I ■'■;

fi.

'i,f-

.-M

1 H

I''

which might have been of Service to them : So ftria was
thfir Honcdy in tlus particular, that fome of my Men,
who hail btcn cutting Wowl all Day, ami were coming
on boaiti in the t'.vcning, forgi-ttiiig that they had lelt their
Axes in the Wood ■, it being obfcrved by one ot the
Indians, he immediately fpola- to tiic King; whoftnt him
into the Wooiis to fitch tlic Axesj which he did, and de-
livered them to my People, with an apparent Satistadion,
tliil they did not go away witliout them.

In a Word, they pals their Lives in the pure Simplicity
of the earlirft Ages of the World, before Difcord and Con-
tention were heard ot amongft Men. Tl»ey, as yet» have
never U-cn tainted with the Converlation o\ other Nations,
Which might have pervertai their Morals ; and haVc never
been irritated by the OpprelTions of a Conqueror, who, by
exercifing Cruelties over them, might have taught them to
delight in Barbarity, as happcneil to the Indians of Mtxita
and Peru, who doubtlefs had their Propenfity to Inhumanity
greatly augmented by the Spaniards, who (hewed them an
horrid Example, by their continual Butcheries of the fiidi-
ans. Hitiicrto the Califcrniant may be faid to ad accord-
ing to the DiifUtes of Nature, whilft we aft contrary to
Keafun. One of our late Navigators has reprefented them
as idle and lazy, and jealous of their Women ; alleging,
that he could never have a Sight of any, but fuch as were
old. I cannot tell how that Gentleman, and his People,
treated them \ but we found, that they are not fo by Incli-
nation, but rather from their being under no Necellity of
doing any thing laborious. And, as to their Women, we
have had the Company of fome Hundreds of young and old
every Day, who never made any Scruple of appearing
flinongll us ; nor did the Men ihcw the lead Difcontent at
it : And I may venture to fay, that we engaged them lb far
by trifling Prelcnts and L-jitertainments that nobody, upon
thole Terms, need want their Afliftance for the future, tho*,
perhap.^, fcarce any may have fo much Provifions to f^^rc,
as I hail at that time, to regale them.

1 nuift not omit one thing, in which they would always
h ive the Mailery of us ; and that was in taking SnufT, which
they would never permit any of us to ufe, but immediately,
upon feeing us take a Pinch out of our Boxes, they
would run to us, and, with great Earneilnels, twift it from
b.twecn our Fingen, and throw it away. What could be
the Ground of this Averfion, I cannot conceive, except that
fume of them had fuffercd Death or Sicknels by uking
fome particular Thing up their Nofcs. They hkewilc
would never fuffer me to look through my Profpeftive,
imagii.!ng, that there was fometliing extraordinary in that
Piece of Wood, that I had fo often rccourl'c to it to look on
die Shore ; which I did to oblerve how the Work went on
on the Beach, they not apprehending, that it was poflible
that my Eyes could receive any Allilbnce by it. Their
Language is guttural and harfli ; they ulk a great deal -, but
wc never could fo much as underlland one Word. 1 had
once fome Thoughts of bringing fome of them away with
me, efixicially the youngcll, ttut they might learn our Lan-
guage, and give us fome Information of their Country ;
but, as wc could not make them underftand us, we muft
luvt fcemed to them to have taken them away by Force 1
which pctlujr. wiiukl have txaljiciated them : And as this
wouKi Live beui ot ill Conlequemc to fuch Ships as may
have Occafion to go tinthir for ihe future, 1 therefore laid
audi- all Defigns of tlut kuid. Their Manner of living in
tlicir Dwellings li very mean 1 tor they can fcarce (belter
them. And, as to ilieir Diet, I tx-licvr it is moftly Filh,
whkh they trequently eat raw : They Ibmeumcs bake it in
thcSami. They lllilom want plenty ot this, bccaufe the Men,
be ing exp. rt 1 Jarponiers, go out to & a on their Bark-logs.
On th:.fc they vtntuie out, rowic.;; with a double Paiiille,
and, with their Harp (iiis, whiih arc nude of a lort of hard
\\(xaI, llrikc iht: iarneii Albuore;,, and bung tlum in.
This wai, lurpriling to us, who h.id olten expericntcd the
Sircnyli ot tli.it lilli ; tor, tho' we tKquently got hold of
them with vci y large J looks, inaiii tall to I'.i-ht-ltrang rope,
we weic thiiged to biing tli'/.Shipto, 111 ouUr to get tl.im in,
and that by the I lelp (I imc or ten Men •, whitii is as niuih
as they ran lom.tiiiKs do: .So t'lat one woulil imagine, ti.at,
as l(xjn .IS the IhJkiiii /,a t llruik one of tiiofe on his light
Lmbarkution, ;t would run aw.iy v.uii him, and lu» Baik-

log i but they have fome Slight in their Way of nu.
naging them, that their Refiftance and Struggling is in vain*
There are hardly any Birds there, except a few Pelicans
When they want to drink, they go up to their Midlife iii
the River, and there take up tbe Water between their
Hands, or (loop down, and fuck it up.

Thus, between Hunting, FUhing, Eating, and Sleeping,
their lime is divided, wluch, between ihcir Exercifet, and
the Sparingnefs of their Diet, is prolonged to a great Ex-
tent I and many of both Sexes live to a very old Age, as
their grey HairJ» and extraordinary Wrinkles, teftify.
Their Bows arc about fix Feet in Length ; and their Arrows
fecm to be fomcwhat too k>ng for their Bows. Confidering
they have not Toob requilitcto make fuch Things, it mull
take them up a great deal of Time. Their Bow-(irinp
arc made of Deer-finews \ and their Arrows arc compoW
of an hollow Cane, Two-thirds of their Length j and the
other, next the Point, is of an heavy kind ot Wood, headed
with a Piece of Flint, and fumetimes Agate, the Edges ot'
which are cut in 'I'eeth, hkc a Saw ; and the Point is very
(harp. They made no manner of Shew with their Arms to
us -, and it was rare to fee any in the Hands of the Men.
The Women commonly go out with them in the Woods,
in Search of Game \ which is their chief Emi)loymfnt.
They have neeil of (bme Arms to defend them againft rSo
wiki Beads •, for I law fome of the Men, who had rtccivd
great Hurts from them, particularly one old Man, who had
his Thigh almoft torn in Pieces by fome Tyger or Lion ;
and his Thigh, tho' quite healed, was frightfully fcarrcd.
It is impoinble for me to fay any thing parucular concern-
ing their Government, except this, that it is rot very ftnft
or rigorous. When their Kjjig went abroad, he ufcii to be
attended by a Train of a great many Couples, Hand-in-
Hand. In this Manner was he coming out of the Woods
the firft Morning alter our Arrival, when, perceiving one
of my 0(Hcers cutting down a Tree, with Silver Lace on his
■Waillcoat, he judged him to be better than ordinary, and
immediately took an Opportunity of (hewing both tiis Au-
thority, and his Civility, by otdering one of his Attcndar.u
to take the Ax from him, and work in his (lead. In Ihott,
in every refpeft, they feemed to enjoy perfect Tranquillity,
to the Happinels of which nothing coukl be added, but the
true Knowledge of God, and the right Way of worlhip-
ping him.

As remarkable Accidents naturally ftrike the Speftjor
in fuch a manner, as to create deep ImprefTions, 1 cannot
conclude thb I3elcription of the Country and People ofC>.
liftmia, without uking notice of a Circumdancc in relation
to their Filhing, which furprifed me very much ; and, is
it is a remarkable Indance of their Agility in the Water,
and will convey a clearer Idea of their Manner of Filhing,
than can be given any other way, I lay it bifore the Rcadn,
to whom, I perliiadc myfelf, it will be very agreeable : It
happened one Day whild I was there, that a mondrous kind
of liat Fifti was funning himfelf on the Surface of the W a-
ter, near the Shore. Some of the Indians, feeing it, went
into the Water, to the Number of twelve, and furrounJfd
him ; which, upon (inding himfelf difturbed, dived ; r^
they went down after him \ and it was with much Diffculty
that he got frcm them the lirll time. In an I lour attir-
wards, he came again 1 and fixteen or llventeen ot the
Indiatti fwam olT, and encompalUtl him, as before -, and,
by tormenting him after their Manner, they, by their Art,
infenfibly drove him alhore 1 (or all their Strength, put 1 1-
gether, was certainly inconiidcrable to his, s^hen in the
Water. When his Belly touched the Ground, the Foti^
with which he ftruck the Beach with his Uns, is not be «
prcHcd, no more than their Agility about liini, wiiu v. ■'-
endeavouring to kill him, for tear the Surf IhoiilJ It :::n
artoat ai>;ain. They at length difpatthed him by thi; H ''
da Daj5^cr, which my Litiitenant Randall lent them, wh;'
was llamling by. They loon cut liim in I'mes, v,!ii.;.
wi re diftributrd to all ttiat laine. The I'lfh, by tli" n^af- '
Computation, was (burteen or tiltiTn Feet bro.i-!, l>ut n t
fo rnucli in Length. Nutwithll.inding he v..is i.i the i!-t
Kiiul, he w.Ls very thick, and had an liuleous kiij^e .Mcutli-
But it IS now time to ritum to our N'oyage.

24. On Au^uj) iS. i7,!i, wc failed Iro.n ruirU Sip^>
for CanldH in C'^/;m, as tin; Place where it wai moll h'^-'

i^^,i i

l-v4'"

Chap. !• Captain GiiORCE Shelvockk.

I f»'/'/J''hiiiS on boaril wliirh wc might fecure our head, became Ifwfi! ; fi, that the Uowfprlt ftt
r . Imnic Our Ship was in a very bad Condition, the and played with the Motion of iho Ship, com
' *^u „( niir VoWEC confidcred, fintc our Sails and Rig- do all the rell of tlic '1 imo wc were at Se» :

. ^■'■"^!ll.r''e ro";Kd'rotten, that if. in thi.s very long Haf-
r"^ inv Accitlent had befallen us, cither in our Malls or

S; Twouhl have gone very hard with us having no

cSgc of ether, and being at fuch a dread ul U.ltance
U inv Place where wc might hope for Relief > but, as

Ewas a Cafe of NeccfTity, wc were obliged to run all Ha-
iTI and to endeavour, by Care and Induftry, to fupply
\luc Deficiencies, which were not to be remedied any other
Ivvlv And, as wc had already happily got over many Dif-

Lilies that leemcd unfurmountablc in their Profpcdt, it
I J led us'with Hopes, that wc Ihould likcwife get over thcfc t

tehed awijT)
continued fo to
. Our Main-
mall ftootl for funic time witlunit Shnnidi on the I^rboard-
fide, till wc coiilil unlay our bcft Cable to make mort,
having knotted anil fpliccil the old onci, till our Labour
was in vain. In the midll o» this I wai taken violently
ill, and had no Expcftatton of living much longer, till the
Gout, fcizing mc, gave mc liiinr p4iiil\il I foprs ot the Con-
tinuance of my Life, In the Hrniiuilng of Oi/oitr, wc made
the Ifland of Cuam, i oo I xnuwn fl^ort of Captain Regtrt's
Account, who makes 105" nilUrcmc of Longitude be-
tween this and Cajx; Si. in(tn, and we did not make quite
>oo\ We paflld between the lore mentioned Ille and Strpa-
ukh"with thc'ploafing Expcftation of reaching our na- na, and faw ftvtral Hying I'roci, but none came near us that
Shore, gave us Spirits enough to undertake fo tedious Day : We h.id heavy (qiwlly Wcuthrr, which obliged me
' ' ' ' —'■—'-'■- - '---^■— *■- to keep the Deck, where, in (lit' Kain, I caught a Cold,

which threw mc into 11 worfr Condition than before, in
which 1 continued all the 'lime I wan In China, The Illand
of Guam appears very green, and U of A motlerate Height »
the Profpect of Land was very agreeable to us, after have-
ing run fo great a Length \ and wccoultl, with the grcateft
Plcafure, have ftoppeiT to have purchafed Ibme Rcfrelh-
ments ot Fruits, (iich ai I .cnionii, iStvilU Oranges, fjc.
which would have been very gomi for fuch of us as had
the Scurvy : But tho' wc were uiion the Point of perifh-
ing, wc dared not venture in, lurrrarthc Inhabitants Ihould
take the Advantage of our WeukiKJii, to make fome At-
tempt upn us. I'he Night alter wc had fccn the Illand

NaviRati'on in fo weak and comfortlcfs a Condition ; for,
bcfules the bad State of our Ship, wc were now fo thinly
manned, that, without the AITiftancc of our Negroes, it
wmiki fcarc: have been pofliblc for us to have managed the
\ .fill, there not being now thirty white Faces amongft us :
So much had untoward Accidents reduced our Crc-w!

On the 21ft, wc difcovercd an Ifland, bearing Weft
South- weft, no Leagues diftant from Cape St. Luias: I
endeavoured to get in with it, but could not approach it
nearer than the Uiftance of two Leagues •, and, the Night
coming on, and it blowing very frefli, I did not think it
I roper to lofc fo much Way, as we might in the Night,
by lying-byi of plying '"» •O'" "• I judged it to be feven

or eight Leagues in Circumference 1 on the South-well of of Guam, wc hail our Main-top-fail fplit, which, as it hap

it there appeared a large Bay, with an high Rock in the "^ ' -~ ' -" ' •" ' • •• •-

Middle ot it. This IHc my People called Sbelvecke's Ifland,
I otter my Name. From hence we ftcered down gradually,
1 into the Parallel of 13* North, but had our Way (lopped

for two or three Days by Wefterly Winds, which none
I could ever have cxpcfted in fuch Latitudes, and at a Di-

ftince of 5 or 600 Leagues from any Land. Wc grew
i impatient at fuch an uncommon Delay, and began to dread

meeting with many fuch contrary Winds in this PafTogc •,

we maoe fcveral Conjeftures on what might be the Caufc

of it, but none that were very probable -, but the Tradc-
j wind prevailing again, we kept in the Traft of 1 3° North,

except when we judged ourfclves to be near the Sholcs of

S!. Btribtlcmtw, and then haled a Degree more North-
wardly, and focontinued for a Run of about fixty or fevcnty

Leagues. A Fortnight after wc had left Caiifimia^ my

People, who had hitherto enjoyed an uninterrupted State

of Health, began to be afflidcd with a Sicknefs which

particularly alfefted their Stomachs, which was, undoubt-
edly, owing to the Quantities of Sweetmeats they were

continually devouring \ and alfo to our common Fcxxl,

Puddings maiie of very coorfc Flour, and Sweetmeats, and

flit Water inftead of frcfli to moiftcn them \ and dried Beef,

the bell Part of which was dcllroycd by Ants, C<Kk-

roches, and other Vermin. We rould not afford frefli

Water to boil the Kettle once in the whole Paflagc ; fo

that this way of living brought the Scurvy and other Dif-

trmpers upon us, which was a very melancholy State.

This Sickncls intreali-d upon us every Day, infomuch that,

out ot our I'mall Number, wc buried two in one Day,

which were 'John Poppleftonc, the Armourer, and the C'ar-

pmttr's Mate ; belides whom, the Carpenter, (iunner,

and Icvcral others, together with foine of our bell Negroes,

died.

We now laboured under the grcateft Misfoitunes that
could happen to us, the greatcll Fart of my People being
Ciublid, and my Ship l^ing very leaky •, and wc hail jult
at ihis lime the ill Luck to have one of our I'umps fplit,
and rendered ufelefs : Under thek unhappy Cirrinnftances
were we pulhed lorwa^l by favourable dales, till we came
witlun eighty Leagues of (iKaw, one of the Ladrone Iflamls,
«htre we met with dilmal W rather, tenipelhious Winds,
vi7ing round the Compals: This was the mcire frightful to
US as we were not in a Condition ot' helping oiirlllves,
tlitrc not being above fix or .oven that werciblc to do any
"rk, though NecclTity obliged evi-n thole that were ex-

l!!r'*' '"* *"'' *"'^ '" '*""'' ^^''" H'^'p ''^cy "'"'''• ''"'^^•*e

boiftaous Gales had raillil a Sea, wherein our Ship l.iboured
to much, tlut the Knee of her Head, and tlic wiiolc Beak-

pened, proved no Uifii ol Wrty i lor, tluring fcveral Days
afterwards, we had fuch Weather, that wc could bear no
more than our lower Canvas which lulficicntiv tried the
Strength of our Shiji, whu h WW now Very much impaired.
I ftiaped my Courk- from Guam lor the Ifland of Form/a,
to which we had a very long Voyage, and of courfe a
very melancholy one, flm e ine Sii knel's incrcafed daily ^
fo that, by Novmbtr 3, when wc had Sight of that Ifland,
the Ship and Shm'a Company were Iwth in u manher worn
out. The next l)ay, we doubled the South Cape of that
Ifland, and pafll i within a Leagvic uf the Rocks of Vtle
Reie, and by :l • > were fenllblc of a very ilrong Current.
The Inhabitants ol the Ifland of I'trmofa^ from the Time
they had Sight of our Velll, made Fire* continually
along the Coaft i but we were fo Weak, that we did not
think it prudent to put Into any of their Harbours. We
diredkd our Courfe from thence for the neighbouring Coaft
of Cbina \ and, on the 6th, Umtul ourfelves at the Mouth
of the River Loma, where Wt had twelve Fathom Water.
Here we law abundance ol Filliing-boats, but, the Wea-
ther proving hazy, we could not plainly difiover where-
abouts we were \ and thcrt lore ulcd all the Methods we
could lievife, to get limk'Ol the I'lfliermen on board, who
might pilot us to Mticae k but, an wc neither underftood
them, nor they us, we liion lounil that was imprafticable t
and therelorc were loiied to keep the Land clofe aboard
all Day, ami come to an Anchor every Evening i which
was a mighty Fuigue i(» our Ship's Company, who were
fo univerlally down with the Dillemper reigning amongft
us, that It was as nnuli as Wf could do to find any bcxly
tti lleer the Ship : Thus we were four Days loll In the Mift,
and furi-rifd at the Sight of a ^rcat many Iflands, which
were omitted in ourClmrn, on lomcof which we liiw large
Fortitkations : This made m Iwllcvc, that the Current had
carried us to the Souihwartl of our Port, and fuggelled to
us every thing that might tall ui down s for, though the
Sea was covered with Filhlng bflrkm we could not find any
of them that could let W« right, or give us any Directions
weiouldundeitlund. On the loth, towards the Evening,
as wc were pafling thro' 11 very narrow Chanel, between a
Couple of lllands, a l'lfl\Prnt«n that w.is near us, obferving,
by our manner of working, that wc were afraid to venture
thro', made- Signs to w with hi'i Cit^) to bring to, till he
came up with us : When he came, he let iiied to uiulerftand,
in general, that we inqiiireil of him about the Situation of
Macao -, and therefore inadf Signs to us, that he would
condurt us thither, it we would give him as many Pieces
of Silver, as he co\intcd Utile I'illi out of his Balket, which
amounted to loity ! Wo accordingly counted out forty
s Dollars

t^6

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

.^i-;

.if'

K
\\>

■■*•

1 i*

1 ■ ■'• ■

Dollars in an Mat, and gave them to him i upon which he
ame into the Shij>, and took u» in Charge, and carried
us through the narrow Chanel, and, at Sun-frf, brought
us to an Anchor : The next Morning we weighed again,
■nd kept the Main-land of Ctimt clofe aboard -, and, at
Noon, ne brought us abreart of Pult IjuIooh, from whence
we could lee two Englijh Ships under Sail, who were palTing
by the Illami of Macao, in their Way from the Rivcr ot
CanltH. They took no Notice of us, and kept on their
Way : This motle us very uncaly, fearing that we Ihould
mifs of a PalTage to England this Scafon. The next Day,
in the Alternoon, we anchoreil in the Rcid ol Macao,
near the Entrance of the Rivcr of Cdw/w, which we never
fliould have IouikI out by any of our Charts. I much ad-
mire at the Incorrednefs with which tlicic Caifts are laiil
down to the LalWard of Pu!a Lanieon -, lor there runs a
Clufter of Iflaniis, extending upwards of twenty Leagues,
which arc not in the Icart t.dicn notice ot by our Hydri)-.
praphers •, nor liid I ever meet with any Navigator that
knew any thing of them. The Coall of China, near them,
is rocky, mountainous, and lurrtn i Init, as to the particu-
Jar Situation of thefe lllcs, my Sioknels hiiultied all the
Obf.rvation I (hould have maJc of tlicm. Macta being
a Place where Ships always Hop for a I'llot to carry them
up the River of Canton, I lent an Officer with a Compli-
ment to the Governor, and with Orders to bring oil" a IMot
with him •, but I heard nothing of hini till tl-.e iKXt Morn-
ing, which gave mc many dilquict Appiclientions.

Early the next Morning, there chiil olf a great many
of the .Jwffc/j's People •, I was amazed at the Sight ct tliem,
and was at hrd very g)ad to fee thuiii but my Mind
ch.jigcd a little when 1 heard their Story ; wheuin tiny at-

Juaintcd me, that their Comni.mdir Cij'pmcn iiau Icit me
efignedly -, tint they went d.rcctiy to Lutim, one o\ the
LaJronf Wland'^, where they w.rc veiy wui rJiefheJ and
fuppliei! with I'rovilions •, that their La|.tain thtn. Kid the
Governor a great Quantity ot l'o»d( r ami .Siiot, and Itv^-
ral other valuable Things 1 and |>ciinittci! th:- Marijuis of
Filla Rocba to go aOiore, wit.i Mr. (ioHfrey the Aguit,
and a marine Oificci, who wuit to litilc iiie .AccouiitA.
As foon as they were landed, and the I3oat came on' ai^^ii,
Captain Cl^ppfrtcn wiiglied with his Ship, in oriicr to at-
tack a .Ship ol twenty (luns {com Manilla, which lud lain
quietly in the Road with them all tiic tunc till now : In
approathing her, he ran Ins .Ship \.\\)on tiie Rocks, and
fo(in tuunii the I-'.neiny was piepared ; tor flkv had raili.il
two Batreries, of halt the Ship's (iuns to rctcive him. 1
am al.nioll aPumcil to nlate this MaiiN Behaviour in this
Skiriiii/h ; fur Clippaton, pera ivir.g his Late dclixratc,
and the Lofs ot his Ship jwll ReJcmptiun, hail reccurfc to
his Calc of Brandy for a Supply of Sj irits, to animate lum
in making a vigorous Defence -, but he took lb abundantly
ot that intoxicating Cordial, that he, in aninllant, Ix-came
deadnlrunk, tumbled down on the Deck, and liiored out
his Time in a bcaftly Manner, whilll his firll Laeutenant,
Darutfon, undertook the Command of the .Ship, which he
bravely executeii till he was killed. J Ic was lucceeiieii liy
Captain Cookt, their fecoixi Lieutenant, who made a gal-
lant Refiftance, and got the Ship afloat again, after (lie lud
lam on the Rock forty-eight Hours, all which 1 ime Uip-
perton hatl been loft b<twcen flceping, ini\ .Irmking as uil
as he waked ; fo that he did not recover himlllf, till tin y
were out at Sea. Thus they loft their Priloner the Marquis
4U la ytUa Rocba, and alfo Mr. Godfrey, the Agentir,neral,
and one ot their Marine Ofiicers i which gave the Ship's
Company fuch a Diftafte of CUpperton, that they w<,ild
not fulfer him to have the Command of them, but Icxk' d
him up in his Cabin, and intreated Captain Ccokt to take
the Command of the Ship. They endured bad W e.ither
between Giwrn and /fmav, \nawa, whither th.y si'x wit'i
much Difficulty : There they made a DivuLnd ot all thev '
had taken, half to the Owners, and half to the Ship'i Com-
pany. J-rom thence Captain G'<//>cm» deiig led lor the
fetraghts of I^lalucca ; but his People, teating he had no
good Intention in his 1 lead, would go no larther than Ma-
cao, that being a Clirillian Port. Tiiey told me, th. Gen-
tlemen Adventurers in hngland were nni< h ohli;;ed to tlu:
Governor 01 tins J'lac^ ; who. b<ing inlormed thxt Cp.
perlon could not be prevailed on to remit their Ltiects

Home in the EHgliJl Ships lying at Canton, (jbligcd I-
to lend what belonged to them in one ot their owii sh '^
which was ready to depart tor Liihen: Ihcrc he f,J|j '
Ship iiviSiuttis for about looo/. Sterling. I mull
ferve on this Paflage, that whatever theti: Orticirj told 1
in Excufe ot thcmlclves, the Fafts were quite mWn^'
as appears in the foregoing Sedwn •, where it is lully ihf,^'
that Captain Clipperl$n lent the Money to the (Jyvn. '
his own Motive, and would have brought the SliipU,! '^'
it he hail not been hinilercd. But to return to tlic T''
tain'i Relation. On the izth, about Noon, a Pilot, '^■
olf to us, and we immediately weighed, and er.t tal i^
River of CiiJi/w, Ixing allured, that there iliHrenu,i
fomc European Ships at H'nmpo, where they lu c, ,|, ,'|, '
vtr, about ten Miles Ihort ot the City of Canton. \Vi» ..
four Days plying up to tlte Ro.kI, b.twun tlu lower Ba'
where, tiiuling tlie Htneiia and. ILiftmgs, two i.w!ijh /„,• '
Traders, I amhorcd, anil lint an Ullicer, to iluircti)!!
to inftrud us how to behave ourtclves in this Puit arl"
ae(jiMint me with the Ciillonis ol it : i o wlneii ih •-"
fwered, that liini- the Ciilcgan and Iraiuif, twg j-J-''.
A/y///i Ships, were lying at irumpo, tluy \s on, j .;'(■;,!
me to find u)) to their laCtoriesat Ctinicn, to acuuai.itti ^
ot our Arrival, and the Realbns wlmli oblii;ca „,: lo
come thither : Which I accordingly did the next Dav.Vx:
Imrrowed one of their Mags the next Day. to hoilc'inf
Boar, without wimh wc liioulil have met wit., grai iff
blv from tile iloppomcH, or Cullom-houfc O.r.Cd^ j
lent, by my Oihctr, Letters to the C ipcains of t.'ic /.r /-
Snips, ligi itying the Ncctllity which toieeil me inio tVp
Parts i anil ilelircd tluy would, as fai as in t.heiii la,- ■;.
cour and protect m ; alfuring them, that I ailed by v:;.'
of his Majcdy'i CommitTion, which I alio lent to [.■:.•:•,
that they migtit penili: it. 1 weij^hed the next M():r,"'
and workcci up to Wampo, where I found, beiidr, m !
i'.nglijb Snips, three Ircmb ones, -nz. the GtiUt/i, ir
i'rimt of Contt, and the Maur ; and alio one 0,7;«J«-, ir
a Ihiali .Ship from Manillit. Here I w.is m I lopes thai i.
my Troubles would h.ivc ended, and that I ihould iu c
had tull l.cillire to rclrelh mylclf alter li) many ami i-a
ialiguis : But I liwn loimd, that thefe K.xpecutiorjwi-
very ill-grounded -, and that, alter all th,- Penh l:.-
which 1 lud elcaped, I was to tall into tliat winch i; Igi;
to Of endured, I mcin i'etils amongll talle Brctiirm.

-o. A molt uiilueky Arti.knt, wimh happ.nclt.'icv-,-
fame Everng tnat wc amhured at It ampc, (Mvp Bir.'i;,
my Trouolcs in India, though, with reliKOt mnu', irw.i
not only i.nn)rclrcn. but ab jlutely unavinda' le, ami;^
pure Lificts ot that l-jg'.rr-.fs. which pulitlled aii the .Sii.p
Com] any, t^ get out oi this Part m the Wi.ill ,-w any rw.
If there had been any (iiivcrnnunt amorg the i.»-'.'ih\'.-
tied here, fo as that my .Autliontv nii:;;lit have b -n f>:;;-
jxjrted, undoubtedly this iiiilucisy Uuliiuis never WMul.lb'-
tallcn out J but. as it was, n i.,u;,i Ik- minuted to notlir;,
but the Want of fuch an Lltabiithmenr. ' I h' Iliin.'. "i
lew Words, fell out thus : One of my Men, whole .N;t.'
was David (iri£ib, Iv- ing in an 1 lurry to remove his K:';t.:i
onlxiard t!ie honetta'^ IJuat, in whuh he \^ is, h.ippnalt)
W- f haled 1 y an Jkppo or Cullom-hoiife Boat, f !ic fclinw,
being a little in Liquor, and fearing tlu y would take whi:
Silver he had Irom him, fired a Mulquit .it them, atui kili-i
an Itopfcman or Curtom houte Oflicer. b.arly the ntx:
.Morning, the Corpfc was laid at the Door of the £»<•/.;•»
l-'atlorics 1 and there were Cbintfe Officers Ijing in Watch
tor tile lirft Fji^lilhman that came out. It iLippencd, ts.
a Suixrcargo belonging to iheBonetta was one of the lirll;
am! they immediately leized on him, carried hini aw.iy, id
afterwards led him about tlie Suburbs lA'Cintoi in Chains.
All that eould be laid or done by the moft i onrKkriblc «'
the Cbtneje Merchants, who were Correfpondents with v.^
En/^hjh, availed nothing. In the mean time, my M.m, w-J
had committed the Fact, and another, were jnit in IronbOii
board the Francis, which was chopped, that is. llizd, n'l
the Man guilty of the Crime was delivered to t;iem , a:i".
when he was i)Ut into their Il.inds, and carried ro <■>/£« "i
Chains, the .Supercargo was rclealed. I had not beenlurr
many Days, beiore I v/as deferred by all my Olhccrs id
Ship's Company, who wi re continually employed m remov-
ing tiieir Etltcts from ou board my Ship, to Ibine oi '-■•'=

Chap. !• Captdin G e o r g r S h e l v o c k e.

F;,, vrf», contrary to my Knowledge, tlirn ronfiDid to
mv lii-il. My Otficcis were engaging the Indian Gentle-
ni II in their Intrrcll, and had Iclt my Son, with a few Nc-
iT(XS to look after my Sliij', and defend my Kfica.s, which
1 thought on thi' HrinU of falling into the bottomlefs I'lt of
Clini'e\im(.c. In (liort, the Ship's Company had lb many
\Viys ol ililiioring of tliiir I'-fTcfts, that it was imoolTiblc- to
(iWt'c tlicm to do whit I (hoiild have thoucht Julticc to the
Ccntlcmi-n in En^ltnd. In few Words, tlicy were all foon
raovirtd of their IliiKfs, by the Afljfluncc they met with,
ami were become tluir own Maftcri. There were no Ma-
I'llUati'i to appeal to onlhore, that would have done
inc fo much Service, as to liavc obliged them to keep to
tliti; own Ship i and my Brother OlTicers, commanding the
£«/;)i Shim, could nor, tlirough I'ear of a Mifreprelcnta-
lion ut tluir Aif^iims to the India Company by their Siipc-r-
farg(K5, atibrd me lucli an I lelp, as, perhaps, they would
have bcciun''hnfd to, through a. Senic of their l^ty. But
the GcnticnTn, who pre lided over the Trade, f(» little re-
einlcd it, that thry hat! a minil to refufe mc a I'allage in
mc of their Ships i and, in I'lrtciff, 1 was treated by them,
as one Em-my would treat another in a neutral Port ; for as
fiich thry looked upon mc, for offering to come within the
fii/fW/.» Company's Limits, without conlidering the Nc-
cclTitics tint forced trie to commit that Trelpals.

The Captains /////and Nrj.Jham, when they came to fee
mf, were alloniflied at the ruinous Appearance of my Ship,
and could fcarce think it was polTible Ihc fhoulil have un-
(irrtaken fo long a Stretcii. The Rottennefs of our Cord-
jgt, and the Raggedncls of our Sails, filled them with Ad-
miration mS Pity of my Condition v infomuch that, at
thtirfirft Vifit, when I had given tlum a (hort Iliftory of
my Voyage, and defircd they would receive my OlHccrs
and Ship's Company, with their LfTlfls, they anfwered.
That, fince they plainly faw my Ship was in no Condition
to ftir any farther, upon I'ayment of our PalTages, they
would entertain us, as loon as we plcafed. This 1 ilepended
i;pon, and cxpcfted no further Trouble, than to remove
ourlclves at any time \ but I found that I had, through Ig-
norance, applied to the wrong I'erlons •, for the Supercar-
pev were incry, that I had not fent to them, who, when
a'.hoic, arc the chief Men, tho' they are only FalTengers
when aboard ; li) that I w.ls quite ntjjkdlal, and the EngHJb
Captains ordered to fall down with their Ships five or fix
Miles below us. Thus was I left dclVitute, in the Company
(Ihvc foreign Ships who, feeing that my own Country -
mfn were fo carclefs of me, were fo kind as to olVer me
thtir Service, and afTifteJ me with what tluy couki : Ami,
hid It not been for them, I do not know but that I might
Lvc fulTtrcd to the laft ilrgree -, lor 1 was umler perpetual
Apfrehfiifions that the Chinefe h ui a Defign to feize my
Ship. When the Murder of th- Cuftom-houfc Officer was,
i:i a manner, forgot, there was .in outrageous Adlion com-
nitifd by what they call a Ijlt!( Mandarin, who, at the
Boginningof thiTi: Troubhs, had Warrants given him to
take al! thc£»?/i/?i he Hiould meet •, which he iicgle(flcil, till
i! wai over ; But, pafTing by the European l\iftorits, he
c;(ii:rtd his Attendants to f-.iie on .ill the Eng/ijb they fiw
i~ th; Shops thereabouts ; and accordingly they tcwk nine
'Un, as well Froicb as hv^lijh, aiul carrieii th.in away,
*:'h Hal;a5 ab.jiit their Nii" ks, to tlu- Cbantock'% or \'k e-
'cy's Palace in thi City. Upon this, there was Applic.ition
f^adrto the Hcppo; who nprefented Mattel s to the Cban-
'•« 111 fav.Hir ot the injured Europeans: Upon which, the
Mandarin, who was guilty of this N'lolencc, w.ls fent for i
»" 1 .1-, !>eing unabli- to vindicate himf -If, was .kgraded horn
„ i>'"'^' '"'"^""''''' which is a fevere I'unilliment ufed in
ncft &t the Kaftcrii ( iovernments, and rendered imapalilc
^1 acting again ; and tiv.- Europeans directly difcliarged.
l-io-vevrr, in tliL- mean time, the EngHpj fv,m Ui me to l>e
rvir.r.:zd over by the Ci'.w/^ and expufcd rothc Caprices
I ' ""^iy "^ay'lrato ; wliK h m.ule me the more urgent to
^■M board onrofthe European Siiipb : And, as 1 had now
■'i^ovoredmy Milbke in addrelhng the Captains, which
rj.<:dgulkdthe,Sn,K.aar-oes, I fent a Litter to them,
•■^towfire, but to demand, a PalTasc for me, my (Officers,

h"d.Shin

f sCon

my I
r t r 'a j •'■'''*"y • wl^ich, I was I'enfible, they could not
! ^ ■•■: And mdrcd they did not ■, but their Coiidcilenfton
1 '.'f^^P^i'cd with a Charge to the India Caiitains, not

to receive any thing belonging to us, except it was r nnfigiicil
to the Ea/i India Company in EnglanJ. I was now iiitoinied
of the Ueppo\ IXmiiul for Anchorage in tlic River. I hud
been long in SuAicnfe ujxjn that Head, and all along appre-
hended, that I (nouldhavr fome extravagant Kxaiflion in>-
jKjlcd upon me : And indeed lb it happened •, for they di
maiidcd Oooo 'I'ahtl; and, to quicken mr in the I'.iyment
of it, and to (hew me they were in Earnell, there was a
Penalty annexed to thisLxtortion, of fooadilitioiial /(//W,
for every Day wc failed m the I'ayment. In flvtrr, there
was no means by which I could evade this unconlcionable
Impofition. In vain I lliewed the Hofpo my Ccminiiri(in,
which was allb read in the Cbtnefe Tongue to him \ miii
to as little I'urpolc did I alio remonflrate, that I ciuiv
with no other Defign, than to obtain a Palfagc home in one
of our Country Ships, my own being incapable of going
farther. It was infifled iijx)n, though it w.ns but a Pay bi •
lore I could iiofTibly Ond that Sum up, I fhould add 500
Tahtl Ibr Neglect ot Payment i fo that they received from
me 6500 'rabel, 2166/. !■?/. 4 </. Sterling-, which was
about fix times as much as the Cadogan paid, which was the
iargeft EngliJJj Ship there, and meafurcd a third more than
mine. I Ibon alter IbKl her for 2000 Tahel; which Money,
and the rcll of my F.fledts, were conligncd to the InJia
Company : And I prevailed with moft of my Officers iiml
Ship's Company to take their Paflages in the Englijh homt-
waid-l)ouiul Ships.

It cannot be i xpedted, confidering the lliort Stay I made
here, the bad State of Health I wxs in, and the Troubles I
met with during that jSpace, I fay, thele Circumlbuict*
being conlidercd, it cannot be expedled, that I lliould be
able to give any tolerable Account of this Place, from my
own Obfeivation; and, to copy others, would be inconlilf-
ent with the Defign of this Work. I (hall content myl'clf
therefore with oblerving, that, at the time I was there, the
Englijh hail no fettled Fadory at Canton, but were only per-
mitted to hire large Houfes, or, as they are called in the
Language of the Country, Hongs, with convenient Warc-
houfcs adjoining, to receive their Goods before they are
(hipped off -, and, when this is done, they pay the Proprie-
tors their Rent, and take other Warehoufes, if they think
proper, the next time they have Occafion for them. The
Uulineis I had to tranfaCt kept me, notwithftanding the
utmolt Diligence 1 could ufe, in a conftant Hurry, till the
Ships were ready to depart, which wasinD«««^^r 1721 i
at which time, heartily tired of the Country, and the IJi'age
1 had met with, 1 f liled in the Cadcgan, Captain John llill^
in Company with the Eramis, Captain New/Jjutn, who,
failing better than we did, Kft us as foon as we got out tt»
Sea. Captain /////, finding his Ship very temier, put into
Batavia, to bring her into a better Trim. At liatavii we
continued alxjut ten Days ; but I can give no particular Dc-
fcription of this Place, being, at that time, not abletoftaml
on my Legs, and was abroad but twice in a Coach to take
the Air two or three Miles out of the City 1 in which little^
Tour we had a great \'ariety of very beautiful Profpedls of
fine Country-l"e.us and Gardens : And indeed every thing
round us carried a Shew of tlie greatelt Indullry. As to
the City ilell, the Buildings are, in general, very hand-
fome, wliuh form very regular Streets, having Canali
running through moll ot them, with Trees planted on each
Side of them 1 fo that this City may be jufily called a tine
Place. But, I confcfs, the Sight is the only Senfc that »
gnititicd here ; tor, when the Tide is low in the Canah'.^
they liiiell very otfcnfively, and breed great Numbers of
Mull<itoes ; which are more troublefome here, than ever 1
felt them ill any other Part of the World. A great Part of
the Inhabitants oi: hatavia are CMinefe, who are remarkable
there for wearing their antisnt Chinefe Dreli, with their
1 lair rulli d up in liich a manner, that there is no great Dit-
firence between the Mens Appearance and the Womeiis :
I'.ver lince the UevoUition in China, the 'I'artarian Drels
has been iiiipoled upon the whoL- Kingdom, which was not
ttfulted without great Rlocxilhed ; for many of the Chinejt
were lb lupcrttitioully fond ot their old Modes, that they
unaccount.ibly cliofe the Lois of Life, rather than the Lolj
of their 1 lair, it being the 'Eirtarum Cullom to Ihave thtir
Heads all uvtr, except the Crown, fr. mi whence hangs «
long Lock, which thev plat in much fuch a manner as wc
a p ■ d«

i)\

238

Ihe VOYAGES of

Book I.

' .', ,

.:!;■
-I

I I

{\r\

uhA

do a ThoMg. The n«/<-i havr \M hoKl of this liijvtfti-
tioai Fully ol \\\ok Cbtnefe, wiv) livi umlirthnrl'mtrction,
and cxuct tioin all the Men a I'oll tax, ot 4 PolU a Month,
for ihf Liberty oi wianni; tluir Hair, whuh, it thrynm-
icntcil thcnililvis with « Dollar a Yiar, would aiinmnt to
a ciinruUrahlc Krvcniic.

While wc Wire at Bjtavia, Captain Hi'.l*t^ informnl,
that thirc were li-viral I'lratis m tlulc Sea* : He thtrtlorc-
ioiiK-d thr /)«/ii> hoimw-ird-lxxiiid I'lcrt in B.iHlam H.iy.
I'hf Duub OinitiKKlorc ptoinilul to afllH Captain lli'.l in
\Vo<Klinn anil W.it.iinp at .\Uii- Iduul, the Watrr .it flj-
t.r.ia Uing very L.'d. W c nut the l-ramii in tlu- Stnight*
ot SumJj, who, wt iin.i(',mfd, Ivut h.i-n a pnat Wny i-hrad
«)t US- l'|X)n our ioininj; Capt.im Smlham, thr Dutih
maiic ita IVtinCitoUavc ustx lorc wc had(;<)t tin- length
ot Mtw lllami -, and Captain A>«yA«i»»ial(i)«lrfrrtnl us the
lame Kvinini; ; lothat we wire kli l>y "urrclves. Wr con-
iimied at A/ru' Iiland lix or livtn Days during wliuh tinv;
liver.!! B<).its came front Pniiit'j Illand, and hrouglit in
Turtle, Coau-iiut, l'ine-ai)plM, and oihr Fruits : Svnv
ot thele informed us that tlun li.»d Iktii two or three
Ships at this Illand a Utf D.iys h.fore ii«, wliii h gave us
lonie Uneallnel"-, not knowing wliat thiy (ould Ix- : .'^onie
oi tlic I'toplf, having lecn l()iiic wild Cattle grazing mar
the Illand, wri-t on ihort- to kill ihem ; hut, btforc they
liad advanced near tnnugh, tluy d.ili ovarii a liiiall ivger,
.i';d a Tiact (it an » l.i iiu, \ijM)n wlmh they retiru! tDtlie
Huat. From Mr.:! Mand we had a very plealant I'.ilfage
to and abjut the Cape ot (icsJ llcpt, wlmli, in my opi-
nion, was giciitly owing to Captain /////'i g'xnl Conduct,
in cdining m wiili the l.iind Ik times i I niran, \.\\-<n\ the
I-allcrnun^ I'.nt ot the U.ink, an. I keeping a movler.ite Dil-
t.ince Iruni t'x I^ind ; I cmnot Ik- polluvc, kit I think
xve ncvir cxceidcd a Dtgr.t, grncr:illy Ids, and li)iTi;tinus
tvMi made the l-ind. Mv liiiec Voyjgrs I have been
t!iis W.iv, I li.ul the go<Kl Fortune of fxing witii Cimtie-
men who pro-.icvlcd in the |!une manner as Captain /////
did, and with the like .Su. ccfs. The lin.ill Flxperience of"
my own Uture, and an IntLiiu e or two in this lall I'afliige,
makes v\\c ot Opinion, that there is too muih Caution uled
in eon'iing in with the l-m' m Soundmes ; lor it is known,
lliat tlit l'iVeT;ll (iaies in this I'ait r^ign from t!ie North-
will to the .Siiuih-w^ ll ; the lirll (garter Mows ofl" fnjm
tlie I Jiul, and the ot'ier i.s a l»ld Wind on the Coall ; and
it u certain, th.u tlu Wind out ot tlic Sea has fcarre ever
been obltrvat to blow llrnng lor any time, .ind never
home to the .Shoiv. 'I'his I have Ivcn inlornvi! nf, liotli
by l'-i\^!i/h ami l)u::bmen, ot grcatir !-'.x|\riei-cc than my-
klt in thole I'artsot the World. I don't remember, th.it,
in all the iinii- we were aiipioaihing the Cap* of <iooil
Ihfi,, we took in our J op-lails above once lor a Squall,
wlmh w.;.s over in an I loin's time v .ml another time, Ix--
ing tl'.reattntcl by the .\pp arancc of b.id Weather, Cap-
tain /.'«.'/ m..de all the rnjuiluc I'icp.ir.itions to rneive it -,
wl-.ii'i d',no, he th.o.l in li-r the Land, undtr l|i)[cs ot'
as-.iiding the letmingly approaching Stoim-, and he was
uni'.ouht-d!y right m ins Judgment ; for, in a tew J Idurs,
wc ha.1 lair Weather, a favourable (i.ile, and all our Imall
Sails (st ; and, at the tiuiie time, there remained a gear
Apiiearance of foul Weather to the Southward, a.id lb
continued to do tur liveial I Jay- aftrrwards. Tins I fliouiil
not h;iv; wbi; tviii, till not what I am g'ing to relat- e\i-
denty dunonllra!--, that it blows haul Wcrter.'y lume
Diilaiite lr(,:ii the Fan !, when you have fair Weather nearer
th. Sliore. 1 have obli rv. d bl-iore, that ti.c l-rancn, and
Dutch Ships had levt n Days Advantage of' us, by leav-
ing us in the Sirc.ghts >,\ Sunda ; noiwlthlbiiding which,
wc p.imcd ilie Ca(>«.is nunv Daysbclorc tlie Frnncii dul,
altho', at t'le lam.- time, llie lai'lid very (onCuterably bet-
ter t.han we; and, .i, to tii; l)ut(b Ships,' tjure was no Siuw
of" thrir Arrival when we Iclt the Cape. TIk- OfF.cers ot"
our Sliip, by lomjMring their Accounts with Tom!.- of the
Citntlemen iK'h.nging to tlie Frana.', found that flie h.i<i
lurtcred a grc.t deal of bad Weather -, whilll w.', wji,, were
within ten Leagues, or therealniuts, to the N<iiihw.ird . f
them, or nearer .Shore, enioyed tine p!e,i(ant Weiiher, and
tair Win I, (ontiiiualiy, till we arrived in T.iiile Unv,
which V,' liul th" latter ImuI of Manh tyzi. This I
fliould tiunk (.1 lufnaiiu Weight to induce others topurkic

the fame Tra(f>. WV found here f^vrrnor /?6 9», int!,,
l.en.{on Eaft Imlumiui, and oihirs, bound lur t.x/Uni
From the Cajir of (>»«// llopt we had an agrecibjc |»4|[,j,f
to .V/. Hflnt, ami Irotn ihiiuc to l.igl,ind. We xn^
the Land's F.nd the latttr Fndol 'Jnh >, and, Umgnj,,,,
into the Rrilijh Cham t, met with brisk (iales from tli,.
Weftern Qiiartrrs, with fhu k logp.y We.itlur. | hp ^otii,
in the I'vening, wc aiulioiril uiuler 1)ii»\^tne"s , aij, x\'.
fame Night, fbme of the SuprtcaigiK s ami raireinTcr*, juj
my felt, hired a fmall Vellel to carry us to Dov.r, v» lit re w
.trriveti e.trly the next Morning, and, the l.imc Day, mi,
ct edrd towards l.cmicn, wiieii- we arrived tlu illoi ,;;,,,,/
following. 'I'hiis ( luletl .i long fatiguing \ oy.ige, ii| dV^
Yrari., fvtn Motths, ami i leven Days, aft- r Iwvinit i.iinl
conlider.kbly nvre than rouml the Ciuumlirnicc ot the
lilobe i and having unilergone .i great \ariety of Troulvi
and Hard lliips, both by Sea and Land, and nvulr liin,.
Diliovrrie?;, which, it u hoptil, arc worthy tlie Notkc i.i
tl'.e Curious.

• I. .As we Invebfin obliged to take up a great deal oi
KiHUM in giving tlu R a.ler the Hillory of tins Vovjr'
we 111. ill K- as fuc( im't as jHiT.ble in our Remarks upir,'-,
though thire aie many Things wliicii might iiillily a fu,i;;
and more copious Cnticifiu on the Captain's Ciindu>h It
IS v, ry clear, from the Whole of ihis Ril.iiion, tli.it i'?
Captain's Work was ii-,t nded to Iv what we havi ivpc.
Iciititlit, 'Jz. An .Apology fir his own Ifchaviuur; w,: ,i
w.is occafionei by a Law fuit umimiiKed by the I'.o
piietors agaii-.ll him ii|H)n iiis Ketuin home. 'i'hhir.v.t.J
a great Noile in the World, and I'eople gave the irO;
nions very freely, without, p. rhaps, entering into ; ■
Mints <'.f the Caule. (. aptain .v/ic/;'6i.(r, tlienfure, w.,:-
tins Book to bring the AlV.iir \x tore the rulijic, ar.il t >
Itive, for thr Judgment of l'(it\erity, his S;ate ol liiiij»i
Cafe, It miift be coiifeireil, tint he has put it ntoavt ,
fair Light, anil fliewn a great ile.il ot Skill and AdJrci*...
tinifhing, to the very utmi/ll, f.jch I'arts of tlic Ficl.;
as are likely to llrike the RtaJer moll, ar.d to givch::!
Ilrong Im|>rcni<ms in the Captain's Favour. ^uA\ are :!.•
Mutinies th.u fell out in the Wcy,inniinj of the \'oyagc , t ,.■
tidious, troiiblell.mc, and melancholy Sojoiirniiunt in i:.'
Illand of y.7(t« h,rnnii.!ez -, the Diligence, .Skill, jn>!C"r.,
he ftiewed in getting a Hark fraiir d out of tlic \\;..k,
and carryi'ij; off in it Inch a Bixly cf People, aliiRiil .v;4i '.
their Conftnt, .it le.ill witiiniit their .Afliliance , anJ iiu
mi.re, which the Readei will cafily dilcern, witti'.;:':
lM)iiiting thtm out. But Cijitain //■7.7_j/', L(iiigre:u.
tmm \\y SfsiM'lh H'tj} In.iics, thought it reqiitite, lor,.
own JullifKatKin, to aitatk Captain Sl'tl:oyki\ Auij- '
almoll in i veiy I'an of it, as wc h.ivc already ihtwn \ -
whi( h Remarks tend to lupjiort a Charge isliich falls na-
turally under the three tuliovMnf^ Heads :

The hill is, that the Difpiitis whidi hapjK-nedatiKirg':
tin- Crew were of his own contriving ano tnrnentiiig i n
PhkiI 01 wliiJi, he all ges, tli.it ;VAj//^;a' .V/.-uw;, «.,)
WMS at the He. id of .ill thele MiltiiU'.-J, W.ls abfuluuiy >^'ir.-
luav's Cie.iture. He takc> notice likewife, ili.it ihM.-
ditioiis Femixr of hisCriw feivcs lor a general E.r .::
fir every wrong Step taken thniigh the Voyage, h^..
an .Att.inptof his .Men to re turn U) F'l^.'.m,!, tl.a: i;;
him do iraiiy llrangc I'hi.'gs at lirll Kt;i g <H:t. nio-
C,ill\iriM('.<, he lays t ut they lorced him t > ligii the i,;*
AtticKs, or elfc they would have run .iv.-ay wi ;;iw jtiil'.
tioir.g into Cbtlm', he lays, was the Mu.s fault, wIk'^
they li) n.irrowly cfcapei'l a SlipArtik. At g i'..^ r-'
Cciufpiicti, a little to Leeward, he f.iys ti.- Unie. •'.:
Ffrnandfz, he fays, they forced him t . divide the Own. i
Money, and enter uiviii the ntw 'J am,:: . .x WicX'--
L'lxm meeting C.::pf<r!i.it, he fays, it was his .M-.a ■•
m.mded a Continuation of the tirll Articles with (:■■
Owners, alter thiy had twice matle new o; es for tlif- ■
felv.-s. Wlun he left the four Men aboard the Bark, wi. ■•'
they were murdered, he lays liisRople woiilJ i.eti.t.V'i
bringto till Ihe came up ; yet it was thele very .NFn, ■■■'•
priitrfled tiiemlelvts willing to obey luiu in evay il-V'
when he put Captain lla:!ey on board the Mmur:,^^'
treated with Scorn the Objections midc to Ins Co.-.iii.-.
though loundeii in a Defiic of prelerving th. :n f.uni ;■;
bud LlFclt* of It; It wa-. iliete Men, ailV, whu tli^-'^ *

»':»

Chap. I. Captain George Shrlvocke.

um to fp. ik a grcattr Confulciuc in tlum, than niii;l>t
( rxpcdrd trom the Cliaraiter given thcni in the (.'apt.iinN

him tor their Prcritvatlon at Jum Ftrnandt* j though, if
i;.n)r of thfin may bo W\\<rtt<\ ujxm thnr Oathi, they
iniaht with full ai much Reilon, hive thinked him lor
ihar Ship>m'lcv ami, after ^1, it was ihefc very People
tlut lohle ^^ » Vxv{zM of an Ifland m hii Pafllige home,
m\ olxliiuiriy p<rrifte(J in c»lling it by the Nam*- of a
( sptain th( y neither loved nor feared. la not this very
Ihliipr, ariil »l«e' •« "<" prove, tftat thcfe AccounM are
viry iiiconliAent, anil, tont'eqHentJy, ildcTvc no ^reat
Cridit ? rhi», I lay, n Captain Belai^h\ way ol Ke.Uon-
ing i ot ihf Juftice of which, the Ktatlcr will tki idi- as he

Ictv Caule.

riie IccoihI Head of the Arrufation i«, as to the Money
ukcn in tiK 0*rp//ff», an<l funk in tlic iin.iccoimt.ililc Ar-
jiileot M(J<*ttr(i, 'Ihis was not only a Kraiid U|)on
lilt Owners iMit a ItiikI, that, after all iii* (^larreU with
ilum, hf liiirll trud to hi» whole Ship'- Comiany, which
1

I .

llKik. It lie really thought the l.ols ol his Ship put m\
liiil[()thr( Uii" ol hiH Proprietors, why did he coiucal the
tjkin;;()t tins l.irj^c Sum of Money, finer, if he la-lr v<d
his iiwn Notiun rij'July loiindcd, the owning it could do
tuMi no hurt ' On the other hanil, when he h.id conceded
it, wlut Mops could he have of its rcmainiii;? .i Secret,
ii: Lis, notwithll.inilmi', all lit has fuid of his Crew, he wai
Ijtishal they would not make .my Dili overy of this im-
i-irtant I'ntnt ? I he p.iinng over of which gives a gre.it
jciloiily, t!:.it other Matteri are not very l.urly iKit^d. To
\\:.v\\ liuy be added, the palpable Milicprelent.itions of
l';c i;hf irtimjte Captain CJippertcti, and iIk: lu|iprelling rh''
till- taiilc ol Ins Kavin^', them •, tfs. bccanle C.iptaiti
>l'\:Ciii(, a^il Ills Company, would not comply with th'."ir
crif-jul .Ariicjis, anil, lonlimiently, were no longer tolx-
cun.iJcred as Men afiing on the fanie Bottom with thole
lithe Sacct/', who hid inadc thelc Artie Ics the tonlt.iiu
Ku'i' of their Conduct.

liic lall, and by much the word, Head of this Accu-
fxon is, dut of fieri. Icing his People, tlut In* n)ii;ht
mr-gc his own Uriigns iiu)re ealily, gain greater Si:nis
en thr Iharirg of Prizes, and keep the Sec ict.s of his Ad-
rii.nlratioii iii fewer 1 lands. 'I'licrc is foinething fo bar-
biruus in this Siippjfiti m, tlut one would be tempted to
t'link It imriilible, if one hail not Captain Hifivocki's Au-
tliurlty to the fontr.i'y, who, by bi.imin[; Captain C!ip-
;ti7««|iir tins very B. luvinur, admits, tlut there are I'omc
hiji/b Ca( aini cajjable ot luch things. A Circumllancc
ll.oskingti) every honell Mind. Captain lielagb, in order
tu liijiiKm this heavy Charge, prodiwrs the following .\c-
ciiunt ot wlut Ixcame of the I'eople who were originally
111.! un I ainl the Sptedwfl, under the Commaiul of Cap-
UnSbehiike, being in all 106 Men. Out of thefe, lays
Mr. Btla^h, thei-c were turnid alhore, at ^SV. f,:«o and St.
C^imnt's, belore we got into the South Sc'as, eight,
..difx'Ptddcr, (hieJ Mate -, Htnry CLapiiMii, third Mate -,
(.krlts -Turner, (lUiiiuT i /i,liry fJutijcn, H.).itfwuin v If'il-
1--M Parfim, and U'l.'liam Cocn, B.-atlWain's Mat^s •,
(^/!'^t limis, .md Qtirh-j Perry, Seamen. C omm.iiuled
jW nrar Cmepiioi, in Cbili, where iluy were niUrdried,
!.:-ce, y^/'d y.ji/v, Midlhipman ■, Jihn DaU-^; ami Cf.rge
.:ici^iit, MariiKS. Sent a cruiliiv;, to be taken Prifoiicrs,
f!!an, .^imn Uatley, ll-euml Cafrtain of the Spff<m'e!;
"•;'-'"' /''■'''',?''. Captain ot Marines; C<i!'jcrt liaimiicn,
^■■■■'K^, Jd-u Sprake, fri<-iul Mate; Xucl.is I.dining,
huUMin ; Clr.jhpUr /"rf//;.*. Surgeon's lirll Mate ; A"^-
'■« CcW.r, Sergeant of Marines -, Miit:heu! .Ipplfton,
■'nllayJa, KubarJ Boad, Richard Ckyns, John }\iii-
•xamrii i yoimlt'i'foit, John Subttjoi:, .md IhomiU
Oulrred on aCrui/.e, in a Bark, with

on
trt

Mar

litr,

^•"■w, M.irir,t, _ _^

(«c WaVs I'roviiion, and obliged thiii to funvnder
t..i' L^M\, ^\ vcn, -/amej Hopkins, third Mate 1 Rd.
.^W'w, .Mullhipni.in ; ll'Mam IMjU, 'Ihow^u ll''i!km-
l'X,tuxarJ Ojiii:,^ John Jionf, (lurla Ifiaihcrh, llil-

"iWI kltrl,',,-, L>. I. .: I /~ r .^ , ,. . ' . .-, I

JbbH

"«" A/;r/-;«^, AVi/,ur,/ Crofs, John liuathtr, an'd
'«»-.>, S.aniLM. Leit on Ftrnandez, eleven, Ix-lides
hluTr >^"'"'7*^'"». 'fofeph Monro, If.iUam lurw,
( II ,,^' '•'^"""iJ flyvfs, DanulUariex, iniham
7 "^ '/''"' ^^"^'V"". -rionuu Ihwkti, -Jair.i's Rmv, aiul
^ ^"•■•■■''' ■"''^'""'.n. l-cft 111 a Prize, and murdered.

iJ9

fcuf, 7»*" Oiltt, .Serjeant of Marines \ Jthn Imlm, .Sr«.
man \ Jtbn H'illiams, Mariin' \ (karg* CKi/fU, a f ,j,|.
Sent affiore, into the I land, ot the Km my, witlxHi^ ■
lloAage, and mv.r fime heaitl of, (iK, hJw/iri HrteJt,
firil Lieutenant 1 IP'illism Tamfy, Middnptnan i l-rrdtrk
MrikfHzit, Ktberl HwmM, HnlMrd I'hilifij, and Jehu
Poullm, Siamen. B*ggrd thiir I'aflage with Clipprrtun,
to Ix- frcetl from .VAz/io,**'* Tyranny, three, 7*/»/j //rw-
drit. Agent ftir the Owmrs i Tbomai Ihdj, l.ieuteiuttt
of M.irine« i and //'////kw /V/tr/iiytt), Miillhipman. IJird
four, Ridtird .IrfiiU, in the Sfft.Uvtl \ .uul hlmuiid Phi-
lips, m Shelv(hkc\ M.»ik \ William C.niiMl, drowned,
going rouml dipt I loin -, and Niibard fltmimJ^, diownril,
going to the NVnck lioin bnmindcz IH.umI, Peferte*! at
Si. Ciilbarine's, ihr<r, .■flitbam Dutonr, ,1nt»ny Ifo*,!, ,ind
lyUliiim Irvfrft. Staid on boani tlu Ruby, at .SV. Ca-
tbarinf's, two, ll'iltinm Mariner, Suilmaker \ iiwl Iah-
rencf /.ii'iniii; ot the C.upennr's Crew. I, oil alliore .it
Ptn'1,1, Riil.ird Ravin. Deferfed H I'.hilof, Rohirt Morrif.
In all f venry-tliiee. Stai.l v,\{\\ Sbdvocki-, and divided
all, thitfy fhiec ; wliiJi, taken togi th( r, makes the Tot.d
ol the SiM|>'s Comp.iny inse hundred and fix.

It is euLiin, that all tli. I'c Inllances are tar enough from
U'ing pofnive !■ vi(!in(\s of tlie Charge bel'ore-inentiiinid ;
hit it n'l.ll Ix-at the l.nue tiim .ilkiwid, tlut they are abun-
dant Intbiiues of Cuikiriuls and In.lileretion : lor, attir
an OfTicei liad once iii. t with fuc h a Misl'ortune as iuflng .1
Part ot his Crew, either by liiulingthem on (liore, or ix-
}>ofing them in Pri/.es, it oiiij;ht to have rendered him ex-
reflively < .uitimis tor tlw tutuie •, mo e efpet idly when
Captain Bita^^h h.id told him, in tlie Face ol his .Vicn, that
the true Delign of putting him on board tlic Mercury w.is
to get rid of him. Upon the Whole, t!:e .MT. ir !ud lb
indirtereiit an Af(K-(ff, and the Proprietors tliougKt tluiii-
lirlves fo mueh injured by the I .ols ot all the Kxpenct s
they h;iil Inn at in fitting out thele- Ships, that tiiey took
every Method pollilile to eiiiLiarafs aixl (lillrels Captain She!-
vecke on his Return, lie w.is, at the fame time, attacked
by tiK Spiiiiip Minifter, who prefented to the latu King
Giorgt I. at Hanover, a Mim.irial, complaining of his at-
tacking and taking a Spanijli Ship worth ioo,oc;o Pieces of
Eight, ill Breach of the Treaties between tlic two Ciowns.
But, after all, there does not lei in to have Ixen any juft
Foundation for thii Complaint, the Spaniards tliemlelvcj
having bet n the .\ggrelTors ; and there is no I jw fo cruel .is
to obhge a Man to fulilr his Crew to be killed, and his Ship
beaten to Pieces, rather tl.an ilifputc the Power of tliof',
who are inclineil to lij barbarous uii Adion. The then Ad-
minilhation leeni to have been fenfible ot tins ; tor we do
not lind, tlut they directed any Piolecutiun ag.iinft the
Captain tor this Conduct, as at tlut tmi..- thry certainly
would have done, if they h.id eonccived him puniliahle by
I.IW. As to the Dilputes between him anil liis Owiurs, I
know not how tluy ended ; but, very proba'.^ly, in a Way
little fatistai lory to Ciller, fniee Inch I'rofecutions a^ tluy
c.irried on mull luvt giviii .Mr. Sichuikc a great deal of
Trouble, at the fame time thit they could wi in dx- leail
contribute to the rep.ming of tluir Lofi. Tiie word ot it
W.IS, that th- Idiic of this N'oyage gave the Public ,1 bad
Idea of all Fxpeditions to the South Sea, and iiu'iiced iivii.y
to luppole, tiiat v^luteViT Oilers were m.ule of that kind
on the Dilpiites that happened afterwards b iw.en ih and
Spain, were cakukited purely for the priva'e .A.ivaiitage ot
the Perfons by whom they were propounded : .'viid 1 doubt,
tlut foiiuwiut of this liirt lliil piev.iil-i lor otherwile,
fureiy Ibmetliing had Ixen undertaken bj'ore this time by
Privalrcrs in the South Seas.

It eaiinot be denied, that this was, almod in every refpee'l,
an ill-eoiuluded, as well as an iinfuecd'.iid Ilxpeditiun ;
and yet, if we examine Things clofely, we lliall (l-c, th.it
time IS no Kealon to be ilifeourageil by the L'nluekinefsof
this .Attempt. There is a l.ii^ht, in wliich this Voynge may
Ix' viewed, that will alVurd quice another Lind of I'rolpei't.
It is a Fae'l not to be controverteil, that the Spcedvccl made
her Voyage round Cape Ihni into the South Se.is, and took
afterwards .ibunelance of I'ri/.es on the Coalls ot Cbiii, Peru,
and Me.\ico, without the leall .Alliftance from her Contort.
This then lurnillies us with :lie lollowir.g Obfervations, that
it is podlble for a Ship ol ii. j Tons, wivli 10.J llcut Men

«n

>.,;

Z40

7he VOYAGES of

lk)i)k I.

en boiril, iimlir pmjyr 0(lir«rs to nvikc fu. h u\ I'xjvtli-
lion in»<» llulf Sr^s M nuy urovi- viry ailvaninvDU* to
ifttm, ami !•• llinr t)*nrri \ for, unorvlmn \»*\\ lo Cup-
lain Shttvnkt ami 1 iHHjin B4Ugl>\ AieiHiiit, tlir I- xjif mc
ol lliii Shi|) iliil not iniu h ricccd (>iXX) /. aiul the I'rotin
ol tirir Viiy.inr, ii prmlmtly ami lumcHly inaiugcil, louKI
no! havr aiiMHiiiiol to Kit than /jo.oo > /. It thrrdorf we
connitrr lhi« I afe a< tt i« now ftatnl, inllr*! ol (riRlitinmg,
ll uughl to rmituraKc \\% to llndcruking^ ot a hke kind i
lof, ll luih a Ship, lo imliffinntly nunnoil, ful'jeik to|wr-

IxtuaJ Miilinir*, ami without any jull Hrginl to the true
nurrOi ol the Voyaur, tooM perform lo mm h. an.l the
prinrinal ()llkrr« on Uiaril her come oil lo well, it n a na-
lural toiu hirion, that a .Ship ol the fame Force, well man-
DCil, ami pro|M riy i (unmamlrd, might do much more, and
return lali . Il we full'n our Oinnions to lie governed purely
by Kvtnli, wc may tome to lanfy, that the grcatcll Naval

Power in the World mi reiform littli? Iiy Sd, !</• i,,f._
|vthap«, loine lllllan.c^ nuy lie nivm m lome minn p/
riiHl ol Tune, wherein rotnetliinn like tliu may luvr |up.
pencil I but, ala»' \\\n n a verv wiid Way of Hf,>:;,niii^,
and we may, with tlie lame JuIIkv, iiiu^iiir, thai, heciui*
a llout Man doc» not relent a S<fati li on the lorehcul t,
hn Sleep, he io«ild not avenge hmilrll, ii uwjke, uponilie
Iccblellul hi< Fnemics. To lay the I'luth, itnfwhNu
lions a.1 thele that keep ui alleq). One luch Kx|)et!uion, jj
that ot Captain Raj^tri, proves irn)»e in Uvour ol our fcn,!.
mpMiipto the South Seai, than ten Imh unluky Ailvfn
tores a* tlll^ can prove agunft it ; lot tlieli- only Ihew, ifur,
when Commanders dilagrce, and their Mm Ixcomcimin
nous Miftake lollows Uj-on Mitlake, till all l.ills to Hum
Which » .1 l^elVon that may Ik- Kaiiit, wthout goiiin in
the South Seis ; and thcrclure concludes nvtiiing as lu ilc
I'oint in qucllion.

SECTION XIX.

Captain Ditr Aiiin Ohjcrvatiom on the Country of Peru, and its Inhal/itantSt during hi;

Captivity.

[ ny Way of A P P E N D I X to the former Scaion. ]

r T/v HfiilH of adding this RfUtion to thf fore^wig Voyage. 2. 77r Mnnn<-r cf tht Ctptalm Il.itley ani
Iktanh I hi-iii^ l,iktn h the Spaniards. 3. Jhfltnt to Lim.i. 4. 0/>/'i\\itio>ii on tht PcdLiri, or Trj.
vtlliHg Mcrrlanti, o>i that Road. f. Amwil at Liina ; and Ci/'tain llatlty'i Miijortufu thi-re. 6. C.n'
ilillOH nj thi I'jinlilh Pttfonfrt in thole Parts. 7. Di-Jin/ficn of tie City of' I,iiii.i. 8. /Idount of tU
(jV\'eriiiHfnt of that City. 9. The exceflhe liai/antry c/ iti lul.,ihitan!i, 10. Jit ir public Ptirr/irjif.
II, 7h' Ihiciuardne/i 0} the Spin'urAs in maiing /)//i cvr r/,t /;/ America. 12. 'fhe principal Minc\ in
Chili //Wi/ Peru. \\. '1 he Manner ol ll'criing their M"h\. 14,. S-^"!' Remarks en their ProduiJ, unJ
cf iti different t'alie at different Times, n. O/flcxafii'ii on the iruJe oj ^M\. th. A Jhor: Ihjhrj
ej tht I'rtiich Interhpers. 17. The .luthcr s Return ti lui-I.md.

I. A F'rr.R havinp, given the Readers fo much dry
pL ami unpiralant Matter from Captain Hftaglj\
L ^ H«i<ik, I think it but Juftice to him, and to my-
fill, to rxirifl, Ik m the lame Perl'ormanre, wlut may
fc-rvr to lulllly tht t iMr.Kfler I have already giV( n this
Work, and whiih, I n.illy think, it derer\-c5. The Time
he liVrd aWinp tlic Spaniftrds, and the Manner in which he
wa» irirttrd 1 7 ihcm, gave him fuch an Opportunity of not
only Aiqiuniing himfclf with their Mamu-rs and Cuftoms
Inn With flirir ficniiis and Maxims of CJovcrnm'nt, as no
/'«////^'W;.i»», (i| lite Years, ran pretend to; an I the lively
Mann r, in which h' tells his Story, gives it fo mucn
BiMUiyaiul S|irit, that, I think, I cannot do bertT, than
fo keep a<i nrar his own Words as polllblc. Ami, us to its
finding a I'huc hf-rr, the prinapal Motive that determined
nie wa*, it« 'oming in more naturally .is a SuppK-ment
to (!aptam Hhflvixke's Voyage, to which thire arc frctjuent
Rrfeinifri, than if wmiM have done any-wherc ellV,

>. If was fays h.', in the Beginning of th? ever-nirmo-
ralilc Yr.ir 172^, ami about the Middle of .March, when
Captain shikntke H m Uatlry, and the reft of us, to leek our
Fortunes in the I.iglit<r called the Mercury. Ilimldf, in
the .'fitfdivl, went to plunder the \Mla2c of l'r\l,i, where
wc inn/.hf eafily have iomed him, had he imp-irt'ed Ins IK-
fif^il to lis I lowevc r, we had not cruifed long in Sight of
t jpr llhiKr, Uiore we took a fmall Bark, with a g<x,d
l'.irf el ti| Chocolate and Hour. There was an elJt riy Lady
(dHiiird, ami a thin old Frier, whom we kept two tr three
I >.iys \ ami, niter taking out what we wnntt d, we dik hargrd
the Riik, and fhrm togrth-r. Soon after this, we took
the I'lnk, whirh Shc'.vccke calls the nth I'n/e. Sl.e had
P't Jerfloiify ol our Ixiiif^ an tneniy, but kept her W.iy,
• ill, feiitip, flf Mmiin Handing towards hir, iLe l.ej',,m to
liiliuVI iiv About Noon, fhc put the I Iclm h.ird a v.tather,
nnd rroudrd all the Sail fhc could afure the Wind ; and,
l« inn in h' r H,l!laf^ this was the bell ol htrSjiiir.{',, wliii h
nllo jirovid fill- greati ft Advantage tiiey could {-ivc ii' ; for,
liad Ihr hiM hir Wint!, wr, in our flat Bottom, c(,uld ne-
ver luvr lomr u]). Abnit ten at Ni^jht, wnh lowinj; and
li.ird lailinp, wc i^ot within Shot of the Cluce, and biou>jht

her to, lieing pretty near the Sliorr They wrre ihou;
levinty I'crfons aU)ard, thirty ot whom were Nrgrn-.
tl.itly, ujxjn goin^; alxiard, left myfcll and I'trffuk, w:!,'i
four iroie Haniis in the .Mer.urt, where we coiuiniri
two ot three D.iys till an he.ivy Shower of Rain li)oila! 1!
oui Bread, and oili- r ilry I'tovificms. It was then tiiiicL:
lis to get aboaid tl.-- I'ri/e ■, which wc did, f nding thr:;
Hands to take care of the .Mereiiry

We l\ood ofland on the laid Cape fcvcn or ciphtDty,
expci'tiiig to meet the Speedwt! -, and there wc let .illiif
the Spanifj Catnaiii, tlic I'adir, and foine (Jentlemrn I'.;!
fengers: At lalt wc fpied a Sail plyin<^ to Wiiidwanl. Nir
doubting it was the SpeeJ'j.d, or the Succtp, we Hood t .•
svards her, whilll Ih- edf;ing towarils us, alnjiit ten n
the Morninp, we wi re got near enough to ilifcover (lie »i!
a Ship of \V.ir, .is flie proved, the" neither of thffc «i;
wifTieil for. The Mailer of our Fri/.i- had lie fore iniorm i
us, tii.it he met the Brilliant rruifmg for our Privatorr,
which, till now, we intirely I'.ifregarded. l/jKin this Cap-
tain llathy advifing with inc what to lio, we corclu.W,
that fotiie Advant.ige might be made of tl.c Infoinutn
f;iven us by the ^paniardj , that, as the HriUiiint luil IJKik-n
lo lately with the I'lnk, probably there would not he nury
(jiieftions asked now : I'pon which, /Ai/.W ami I ilrdT, I
ollIlt•!vr^ like Spflnuirdi, and hoilhd .^piiMijb i-'oUmit ; «:
(oiilineo our Friforiers in the grc.t: Cabin, fiiHcnnt; ri r-'
ol tliein but the In.lt.:>!s and Negroes to ap|x-ar upeii \^<^^<
that tlie I'ink mit'.ht look as fhc did before : In whuliGn.
trivai;te wc had iuccecdcd , but for the Obftiiucy vi JM
.Spni^,\ ttliotn wc co'.kl not keep off the Deck ;\s the .M-
ii.iral . nmc up, he bied a Ciun to l.ecward : 1 lcrci)ixir,«
l<iv.ai.!our lop lail, making eafy Sail till v, c got ali-ng;
llde o! him; Thiir fuft Quellioii was, if we had hci.-.:
ai.y thill.; of the LryJ:j!j I'irvatect ? Wc anfwend. No:
'I lie next was. How it happened wc were gf^'t no t.irthfr:i
our Way to linm > We anfwcred, By rtalbnot the f i^'
rents : They ask'.d us two or three moic Qiiefticns ''•^•'■;
wc llill anlwcrcd in Sp.inifij. They ll-emcd tliurcughly:>
ti^tllll, and weic getting their Tacks alniaul in onitr k
le.tv.- us, whc'i Sprake, and two or three more ol cut .Mr,

app'i'-"

Chap- 1.

Captain B f. t a (; ii.

241

liKI

iPivM^I on ilx M*in-iletk \ a Irnthmn alioari! the A»l

mull looking .«« « ehf Mil* hc«»1, tricil cHit, (rcinn

.r long Trowlcri, Ptr Ditn, Mtn/im-, tit j,>iH .iV" »

iry ur ht''^"* •' ^'l*"' **"* '^'y "Hiwilutrly hrnl a

.,Lfcilijle imo la, wich round wni I'trtrklgclhot, by one

oi *huh //<//'; *« rt.8>«'y *o«~l'^« '" »hf ' '»• ,. ,
, A» IwiK 4» «e ftrmk our Hog, ihf I in my (cni for

liUhe A«'V* °" '■"*"'• "t'lorilrruTtwoot llirir own t)l-
hccr> into the l'n«. Thr A>i/»v* Ailmiral ihrn lioredi-
ftjly iliiwn ujKjn ihf Mtrtury, aiul hrcil into hrr five-
in'jt*o>iy '•"''» « ''■»'♦» wImliNircii licr Snlr^ througli
iiiti iliruunhi (lilt, I'lkli wii tlieConlhii^lici 't that rx-
(rwuliur) V.(li-I, tlMt, tlioiiph lull «t NVatir. il»rrc wu*
not Wfinhlcin'iiRli to link her, ami thr (1^^ iVUn who
w r in lur cUi\Ki\ unhurt. Don /'<•<//• Mi.lramJa, thr
,v;,iwyi I'oinnumlrr, oriicrcvi thdi-tliire Men iiu>. ln'^ own
Nim, in which he mttndnl to lail to f'.i 1 ' ■• V> lor rn^'. W
Hin DinctKHiJ, that I Ihould \x lint Un\.^ 'Idi-i up tlu
Country, 10 a I'Lac tallol Vmr4 \ and w.w r. Li/uJ a* to
Itavc Mr. i'rtjjiik, the Surgeon, aiul my .Sirjcant (jtl<l >, tD
kcrp nif tom|any : Ai lor Captain //tf/.V^, and the 1 II,
thiy waf unified to Ltma by Land, wlin.li was a Juiirncy
.,1 iMir huiulicil Miie» \ tor that fioor (icntlcman hail ih •
Mhiurtunc to k douhly under their niljilralinc v lirll, tor
rcturnini; into thole S( *i alter having been I'riloner lb ioiin,
iixl b< iii^ I" ^^1' "'<'^l aniongll them ( ami lu xt, tor the
(,;;.' /ii# Bulin;! , 1 mttn the llripi)ing tlie PortUj^ueje
(.jjUin, a pooil t^antity ot whole Moutons were touiul
ii.A't hiin. The Pilign ot the Admiral, in thii, w.is to
h.ivi; tlutAftaii Icarihed to the Bottom, ;md the Ciuiity
liVirdy inmilhti!, without exix/ing the IniKKcnt to any
Djnf* r. Here, ilieretore, I mail take my Ixave ot Cap-
u.r//j//i7 liir the I'relent, and prcxceil to the Oblc-rvations
I iividr on the Kiud, as the Admiial was lo goexl a.s to lend
iiKiiji into the Country till his Kcturn trimi his Cruize to
txiti, wlun, as I IhaJI inlorm the Kiadcr in its proper
I'.ii'i-, I again njoiiied him.

.\^ liic Wratlier in this I'art ot the World \% much
too hilt to jieriiiit I'rople to labour in the midft ot the
Ujv, the Lulloni is to travel trom lix in the Kvening till
agin 111 the Morimi;;. My Indian (iimle fet me on the
brlfMulf lie had, whi< h not raiing to lollow Company,
i Ifii my Irllow travellers the Way till ten o'clock, whili-
|)»y l;ght lalhil. I ol lerved the Country one o|)en I'liiii,
»ith hiia» riantations, regularly enough laid our on each
Si cot us. IhLs champagne Country is trom thirty to
one l.iindrui Miiis broad, and extends three hundred Miles
Jloni; Ihore , tor I was moving to the Southward, having
it.t Qirdtlitr Mimntains on the l,elt I land, and the great
OcNn on the Right. It this I .anil was well watered, as
the Soil IS pl( .\Unt and lertilc, it might l>c as tine a Coun-
try as any m the World 4 but Travellers arc here oblig(d
10 c»r7 Water lor tlitir Mules, as well as rhcmlclves. At
tHfAiproachot Night wc were pu/zlcd in the Way i I
Uin UHind myltll Itoppcil by gieat Hills of Sand, and
mv Miilc u often cndeavoureil to pull the Reins out ot my
li..m;, »hxh proving troublcfome, the Indian advifed
nir (u liin.w tin Reins on the Mule's, Neck ; and, as loon
*^ t!ut WW lioiif, the Creature eafily hit the Way. Tht fc
Saniliare olrcn Ihifted from I'laie 10 I'l.ice, which 1 take
to Ix' (Kialuiiitii by thr lUong I dilirs ot Wind rever-
berated Injm tiic Mountains. At Night we retleil a little
It ail old tni[ ty I loule in a Coppice, al)out half Way,
which the (iimir told ik was Iniih by the Inhabitants of
P-ura, tor the Aironimoilation of the Friiuc .V/, Butno,
Mccmy ol I'lru, whin they met him at his Kntrancc on
MGovin.iiunt, and ie;^aicd him. At feven in the Morn-
ing »r airivaj at /'/«ni,lving an handfome regular Town,
ttuatc on the liaiiks of the Kivir Colhn. The Indian
condiiard us to tlw J l„ule of an honcft Spamjh Gentleman,
i-d hi< W ifr, who having received his Charge, the Guide
returned t„ An/<,. In a (^wM ol an Hour's time, the
l<i»nyi,op|f tlwkttl in to fee the Haree-thew ; and, in--
«ca.l of uing iiled like Prifoners at Difcretion, wc were

ot lcc;iv

T> US wc hoped our Time would Hide caiily

away, aiul our Captivity prove nn-way diUgir,«ble. I
began now 10 Iw l.-nlible ol ilu- Ai'iiiiral', lavwir, 111
oidrring us to rhis I'Ue t tor lie liad Unli Interrll in all
llu' Kingdom III /'^tr. that, lor Ins Uki, we touiid vciy
giiol irca.iiKnt. Alter we had rtlrclhcd outfelvcs, at-
iunling (o the Cullom ot the I'lacr, wuh Choioiale,
Bilunt, and Wal.r, we w r div.ried wuh ihc .Souiul ot
a WV,yi Harp in lonu innei \paitmfiit : Ihc Artilt had
go<i<l Lomiiun.l ol it \ tor I hranl I'aris ui Icvctal tamoui
lltiliiDi 41 well a% hn^iffh i oni^x>lit.«m« \ ami, upon m-
quiriiig, looiul, that all the lioiult .yuAxirJ's Daughters
lud learned Muln , and lunj^ or playco upon luine Inllru-
iiienl or other. I )i<High, at tirit, tins leeiiivd a httlr uiiac-
cuuniablc lo us, y> t I atierwirdt tound, ttiat Mulic was
' onii iin in /'«•>«•, Uir the linliaii I'ariy laving a lew
»iaf lirtinc prevail; d at tht Court ol MaJiiJ, the lalf
\iceni), I'liiue .V/ iJHtna, who wa* an Idilian, had
lirrHiglit 4 gnat iii.iny Miitli i.ins ol tli 11 Country along
witii hull, wiuch |ia> now Ipnad Mufu evtiy-wliere i aiKl
it is as giKxl 11 /'rrw, ai in Old Spain. 1 the rather take
liotue ot tl.li, lH:tau(f by our being 1,'iveis ot Mulic,
.4(nl beliaviiig pe.ueably and civilly to the Inhabitants, wc
palled our 1 iiiie veiy liuutly and cheartully, king expof el
only to (ill", Inrniivaiinie, whiiii lalleil lo long as wc-
remained Ik re : i his was '•«-• daily aflcmbling of the
IViiolc to llarc at us which niyfclt, and my Serjeant
Cokhs^ Ixjre pretty well-, for, btiig uKd to excrcife in
I'ublic, we Could turn to the Right and l,tlt witlujut lieing
nuuh iiuommiHled: But our C'omi>anion Mr. /Ve^i*,
Uing a graver Man, at firit hun^ liowii his I lead, and
was Very melancholy -, li.t, by deu;recs, h- grt;w better
acqiiainteil w ih the I'eople, and lound Reafun to like
(hem lu well, that, when we were to remove, we had mucfi
to do to make him change his (^aitas.

4, Aimollallthe Commoehtiriot Luropt ue dil^ributcd
through the Spanijh /imtrna by a Sort ot Fedlari or Mer-
chants, on l-ooi, who come from Panama to Pajia by
Sea, and, in tlieir Road from the l«ll-mcntiuned Fort,
make J'iura tht ir tirft Stage to J.iria, dilpofing of their
CJoods, and lell'ening their Burdens, as they go along.
Some take the Road through Caxamarta, others through
i'ruxil'.o, along-fliore tiom Lima: iliey take tlieir Paflage
bae k to Panama by Sea, and perhaps carry a little Cargo
ol Brandy with thrm : At Panama they again dock them-
Itlvis with hut Of tun Goodi, returning by Sea to Payia^
where they arc put on Ihorc \ there they hire Mules, and
load tliein, the /wJiu/rj going with them, in order to bring
them back -, and lo thcic Tr.tdcrs keep in a continual
Rouml, till they have got tnoiigh to live on. Their tra-
velling Kxptnies an- next to nothing •, tor the Indians arc
brought under luch .Subjection, that they lind Lenlging for
them, ami Provender tor their Mules: 1 his every white
Face may comm.ind, l)<in<; an Homage the poor Indians
are long accuihuiieel to |)ay \ and lonie think ihey have an
Honour ilone into the H.'r,;ain, eX(epr, out ot Generofity,
they now-anel-ilien ir.eet with a Imall Kecomjience. In
the Britijh and I rtnih Nations, a Fedlar is detpiled, and
his F.mployment l<H>kMl i:|ion as a mean Shift to get a
1 jving i lut It is otherwile here, where the quick Return
ol Money is a lutKcient I'.xcufc for the Manner of getting
it 1 and there arc many (ientlemen in Old Spain, who,
when tht ir Circumilances in 1 ,ite are eieclining, rnd their
Sons to the Indits to retrieve their Fortune this way : Our
I.extging was in an Outhoul'c puijvit'ely fur thcle travelling
Merchants. According to the Sfanijh Cuftom, we had
our Dinner ftnt to the Table under Cover, where Don Je-
rcnimo and wc eat together, while the gt«>d Lady of the
Houle, and her Daughters, fat together in another Room.
This is thePraiitice at all Meak, and, if any ftrong Liquors
are drank, it is tlien. In all our Conduct, I think the good
Spaniard was never elilotiligcd, except once, when he taw
me ilrinking a Dram with the I>)Ctor at a little Viilualling-
houfe. As nothing is more difagreeable to t!ie Spani^.rJs
than Drunkcnnels, \ had iniKh ado to make Amends tor
this Step towards it; tluiigli tliey admit ot Gallantry it\
the utmoft Excefs •, lo th.it it is only cliantVing one F.iior-
mity for another. After we h.id palfcd about fix Week*
at Piura, our Intltan Guielc came again to toiiducl us to
Payia, the Man ot Wat being returned. When we were
3 (I, upon

tKlif

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' I Si !

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upon the point of taking Lf avc, our Surgeon was nuning,
which retariicd us a Day iorgcr. They hail conccalnl him
in the Town, and ilcligned to keep liim there, as hf *«
i very iiCetul Man ; and it he could have h;id a ftmll Cheft
of Meiiitmes he might foon have nude a handlbme For-
tune. However, the next Day we mounted our MuIm,
ami parte. 1 with great Kckiftance, efp.cially with our kind
Holt Dtn yersKimo, and his Family. VSe went aboard
the Bnliianl at /'«vrt, whicli, having (ione nothing at
Sea, mKic a lort of cruifing Voyage to Calat, the Fort
of Lima. Tlie Civility I nceivcd from the Admiral or
General of the Sovitli Seas, as he is there calieii, is what I
have already mentionetl. I lluli here only add one Cir-
cumftance to the Honour of Monlieur dt Gramme, a Caj)-
tain under the (iei-.eial. As fom as we were taken by tjie
Brilliam, as afortf(i(l, this (>entlcnian, feeing the Soldit-rs
had rtrippiil us I eing the Conquerors ufeful Pcrqiiifites in
all thrft- Calw, lie geneioufly gave me an handlbme .Suit ol
Cloaths, two I'air of filk .Stocki:g<, a Hat, Wig, Shirts,
and every thing acconling •, (o that inllead of fufrering, I
was in reality, a G.%iner by this .Occident.

5. OvT Voyage to IJmti took up about five Weeks ;
and, as Totjn as wc arrived there, we Wi.rc immediately lent
to the fame Piifm in which the Ship's Company were
continc i, who were fent hiih<r bttorc us, Mr. Halltyon\y
exrepred ; who, for the Kealiins Icforc-mentiontd, was
fonhnftl by himl'elf, and very r()ug,hly treated. In a ftiort
time .^ter our Arrival, Commillioncrs were appointetl to
hear oiirCaiill, awl to determine, whtther we Ihould be
treatal as Cuminals, or as Frifoncrs ol" War : The Rcafon
of this was the Charge brought againft us for I'iracy, not
tor what we had done in the .South .Sc.is, or, at lealt, not
for that only, but uixin a SupiHifition, that we plundered
the Spaniards there, liccaufc none but Spgniards were to be
met with, having ulid the like Violence, as their Charge lit
forih, againft otlifr Natimis, before our Arrival in theft?
Sfas : Which would have (hewn a piratical Dif[X)fition
lhn)Ughour wlwIeCondiict. And of this they thought they
had piohahle Froof, lii.cc, by the Moi.iores found upon
HaiUy, it appeared tJicy were takin tirom the Subjeds of
a Frinr; in jKiftcl Amity with sIk- Crown vi Engl^ttd:
But, it was happy tor us tlut the Viceroy, Don Difg»
Mcr/iHa, wiio w.is an Arcfibiftiop, and in the Decline of
Life, was piealeil c<;olly to difcriminate the Affair, and,
finuirg realiy but one of us guilty, would not lign any
Ordc. (or llicdding mixKcnt Blooti : As for Hailrt, fomc
were fiir feiuiing iiim to t' e Mines for 1 .lie, others for
lunging liini -, but the jcveral Accounts of Captain Shel-
-vwi/s Nil;; Pnxtcilings contributed to his Deiiveraucc,
t!)c Iruth ot whiih here were enough of our I'eopic at
J.tma to witncls; tor, bclidts Lieutenant J^^^Viwr/iw, and hu
Men, wiio were brought hither, came the Men who
Si.>ehocki knt witii Hepkins to lliift for themfelves in 3
poor empty B irk, who, for w.int of .Stiftenance, w;is forced
111 furremlcr 10 the Indians; fo tlut tlv: Court brlieving
5i!v/;vc<:e more a Principal in that piratical A<it \\\anHatley,
and fupp(,fingwc had liecn plagued ( nough bcl'ore we came
hither, they thought fit to li t us all go by degrees : Hailey
indeed was kept m lions nbout a J wclvcinonth, anil then
was .iliowcd to rcuinto LngUnd. I was much more happy
in this rtfjjcct, luce my Impiifonmcnt kfted but a 1-ort-
night i wIulK was owii-,g to tiie fmcrpofition of Captain
Filz^etald, a (iiiitieniiin b<»m in irar.tt, who hail a great
liuereli with the Viceioy, and who, ujxm) his Incoming
Sciunty t^r me, jki muted me t-j have tlic Libi:rty of the
City, provided 1 was always tonhconung when I was
caDtd tor. As 1 was now pr.tty much at l-Ufe, I began
t(j iuok about me, and to iiuorm myfeif of wlut was
(Mlling m this I'.u t ot the W-urkl.

6. Among tlu- iirft ot my Inquiries, was ijiat after the
C(jmiiCK)n ol othtr En;(ltjh I'riloners, in the Place-, ami,
upon alkiiig tor Mr. Snjfamjen, and his Men, who were
here hctorc us I ur.deri'ootl, that moil ot tliem had taken
up the Religion ot the Cwmiry, had iH,en clirillened, and
wen- diti>crllil among tliee<;iivints in die City. Tin- tirll
tlut I law, h.id got i);s new Catcchirm 111 ^nc Hand, and a
Fan- ot I a-g<- ikads dangling in the other, llmiled, and alk'd
the l-<:liow, I low he hktd It. } le faid, very well ; for, having
Ills Religion to cliulc, he thouglit tjicmi better than oojr-,

#•

fince it brought him gooti Meat and Drink, and a quiet
Lite. Many of Sbtivcckt'i Men followed this Example ;
and I may venture to liiy, this was as good a Keafon «
moft of our People could give for their occafional
Contbrmity. It is here reckoned very meritorioiwtomakt
a Convert, and many Arguments were ufed tor that End •
yet was there no Kiguur Ihcwn to bring any of us over'
Ihole who tlwuglit fit to be bapriMd, had generally fomc
of the Merchants ol Ijma for their Fadrons or Godfathrrs,
who never failed giving their Godchildren a Suit of Cloaths
and fomc Money, to drink their Healths. About this
time, four or five of Cltpperttn's Men, ind as many of
Shtlv0cke's, got I .cave from their Convents to meet to-
gethi' at a Fublick-houl'e kept by one 7«*» BtH, u,
Englijhman, who had a Negro Wife, tliat, torfotncSe.-
vicfs or other, h.ul got her Freedom. The Hciign w'
this Meeting, was to confirm tlicir new Baptiliii witli x
Bowl ot Punch : Ttie Confequencc of which was, tlicy aj
got drunk, and quarrelled ; and, forgetting they were true
Catholics, miflook an Image of fome honctt tiaint, that
flood in a CoriKr, for one of their own Company, knfjckeil
him down, and demoUfhed him. I, mining the Fellows
for a few Days, inquireil at Jahn'i Houle what was become
of them : He told mc tlic Story, and Ciiil, they wirt all
put in the Inquificion ■, for, the thing having taken Air, he
Wits obliged to complain of it, or go thtiher himldl) but
promifed, that, underhand, he would endeavour to g(t
them relcafed ; which, I found afterwards, was done in five
Days, fo that they had tune to npcnt, and be fober. Bi'.l
liiid, if the Men hadftill remained Heretics, this Drunken-
bout ha<l not come within the Verge of the Kcclefiaftical
Power V but, lieing Novkei, and Julf admitted into the
Church, they were the ealier pantoned, as their ()u:-
rage ujion the Saint was no Proof of their Relapl'e in;u
Frror, or an AfTn-nt to the Catholic Faith, lince dutic
when they were all dtlbniered in Liquor. At lengtb,
about a do/en Men in both our Ships, being well in-
Itruckcd, were dit'ch.irgtd from the Cloyller<, and lent to
Qiko, to heJp to careen and tit out the Hying-Jijh, then
defigned for Eurepe : I lerc they entered into a Projcci to
run away with the Afargariia, a pieity failing Ship, tlut
lay in the Harbour, and go upon the ^Vccount for thetn-
l"elve5, which tlitTers nothing from Piracy ; but, not know-
ing what to do for Ammunition, and a Com^iafs, tbcy
applial to Mr. Serjeanifon, telling hiin, they had aDefign
to Ural away by I. an J to I'tnama, where, being an Enpijh
Factory, they might have a Chance to get home ; tk
they had got half a tlozen Firelocks, with which they
might kill wild Hogs ur get foincGame, as they we.-.:
along, if he would t>c fo kind as to help them to a little
Powder and Shot, and aCompafs to Ifecr their Way throiigli
the Woods. I'hc Fellows, by liegging, and making Ca-
tholic Signs to the good I'eople at Lima, that they wtte
ptMjr EngHJb newly baptizrti, had got together fome Dol-
lars, which they dclired Strjeantjtn to lay out, who, wt
milfrulhng the Plot, tfKik their Money, and bought them
wiiat tht y wanted. 1 has furnilhetl, one of them cameti
me at Lima, anil faid, there was an Opportunity oiiircd
to make my Fortune, by running away with the Mar-
gitriia at Calae, if I woukl embr.icc it : Wheieiipii he
tolil me the Story, ami that Sprukt was to liave the Com-
mand, as being the only Artill among thetn. 1 anlWeral,
tliat It was a Ixild Defign -, but, as Capfiin EtUytraU h.ul
engaged for my Honour, I was obliged not to niolille
with It. In a few Days the Plot was diliovereci, tht t
Lotigings were li-arched, tkir Anns taken away, ami they
put in Prifon. The Ciovernment wxs greatly provokai,
and had near lietermined thur F.xec-'on, when an C)rJcr
came to releafe all but Sprake, who, being the Projectur,
was kept in Irons two or three Months, and then let at
Liberty. If tins flicws the reftlefs enter|Jrifing I'empcrol
(jur .Seamen, it proves, at the liime time, that the SpMiaiis
in Ptru iu-e by no means l(> cruel, cither in Rtli!V"iis "f
State Frolecuiions, as in Eui»pi \ though 1 am ir.i lined w
think, that the Cwverlioii of thrle People, liicli .is it was
Ojieratcd greatly in their Favour : It may be *lli», that they
were fome way influ iiced by Fear, lince the h.nglif) !'"■
vateers were Ihll u|X)n the Coaft ; and, in cafe tliey luJ
received ImelligeiKC wf ihdt; iVo^k bci!ig k>'civly deJt

Wltli

■yM

1 1 /A.' l/'^/r.-/ I. fui./,
14 . ^tM^m^ft^f9t0» ^ » ft

i( J'vtv t/ttit

. ittatf MU/ Af Aid/ C.ftfKr.

^t*- -i •■-

Chap. I.

Captain B e t a g h.

with might hive rerenged it on fome of their Prifoncrs. Cloth, and Hair Camlets embroidered, or laced witS

But it i» to little Purpofe to employ one's Thoughts in Ciold and Silver ; and their Waiftcoats commonly the beft

ittemptinK «> difcover the Motives of an Aft of Spanijh Brocades. The Women never wear Hoops or Stays, only

FolicyTlmce. whaKTC'" ^^'^ Motives were, the Aft m a Ritchcd Ht)lland Jacket next their Shifts. They gene-

jtfelf Wijs companionate and good. rally throw over their Shoulders a Iquarc Piece of Swan-fkin

7 The Dominions, which the Spaniards poflTcfs in .Imi- 1- lanncl, intirrly covered widi Flmdtn Lace -, bcfides th«

I are fo Urge, and fo valuable, that there is no Doubt, Silver or Gold I.ace round the Petticoat. When they walb

tktre are tew Opportunities ot knowing m this I'art ot the But tlie JTridc ot the Sex appears chieHy

World, afforded me the Means of examining with I^ifure Brujeb Lace, with which they trim their Linen in a moft

and Attention their M.inner of Living, the Form oi" their
Government, the Nature of their Amiifcnientt ami Divcr-
ftws, which, in this Country, ukc place of Bufinefs, and
furnilheil me with many Opportunities of inquiring into
thofc Things very minutely, which did not tail immediately
under my Obfervation as an Kye-witnefs : And of thcfc I
(ball endeavour to give the Reader as clear, as diftintt, and
V jccurate an Account, as is in my Power, witli the gre.itclt
Regard to Tmth, and conftantly dillingiiilhiii'; between
what fell immediately under my Knowledge, anil what w.w
dcnved to me by the Information of others. This was cer-
uinly the bell Ufc I could make of that l^ifure I enjoyed,
*hile a Prifoner in the Hands of the Spaniards; ami may
pofTibly contribute more to the Service of my C:ountry, than
il I hail employeil myfelf in Privateering on the Coalh I
Ihall begin with the Defcription of the PLicc, where I (jient
mod Part of my Time, and which, as it is the Centre of
the Spanijl} Government in thefe Parts, enabled me to gain
1 greater Infight into their AtVairs, tlun if I had pafleJ my
Days ill any of their Ports, or in an inland City, lefs fre-
quented. The Liberty I was allowed, and the kind IJCagc
I received, m.uic this Ihll the more cal'y i and therefore it
may he depended upon, that what I offer the World is a
ferand genuine Reprefcntation of Matters of Faft, and
not 1 fine fpun Story, framed from Conjecture and i lear-
fay. If, alter all, the wide Piffercnce between the Man-
ners of thefe People and thofc in the Northern Part of Eu-
nfi, (hould give it an Air of F.xtravagance, I mud deilre
the Reailer to refleift, that this is not owing to me, but to
(he Subjeff. A Man, who undertakes to delcribe Things
he has feen, muft dcfcribe them as they arc, without Re-
gard to the Appearance they may make in the Eyes of
others. But to come to the Point : The great and rich
City of Lim is the Metropolis of P«-«, and tlie Seat of an
Atthbilhop. It is a regular-built City, the Streets all llrait
nd fpaciouj ; fo that you go through it any Way, with-
out turning a Corner. It is compofed of little Squares,
ike St. lags, the Capital of Cbiti ; wliich was copied froni
this. It (hinds in an open Vale, having only a gontic Stream
lowitcr it, and which divides it, as the Thames lioes Lon-
inimmSoM!hwark, allowing for the great I)ifprojx)rtion.
1 !»c Port of IjiBd is at Cfl/ao, feven Miles below it. The
Houffs arc only one Story high, of twelve or Ibiirtetn Feet,
bctiulcof the frequent Earthquakes in that Country. There
a: ab ut eight I'arilhts, three Colleges for Students, twenty-
fight Moiullcries of Friers .md thirteen Monafteries of
h'uiisi fo th.it x'.v.- Kehgious take up a fourth Part of the
: tity. Howivir, by the quiik Flow of Money, and the
j "A Sums beqeathed, Ixin^r the Effefts of Celibacy, they
« all well eniiowed aiid liipi^rtcd i l)cfides which, there
l«two llofpiuls tor tlie Sick, Poor, and Oifabled, ami
•Mrefeveral of our Men were kindly looked after. The
IjMgth ot tlic City, from North to South, is two Miles,
«>e Ufcadth one and an h.iif, the Wall, with the River,
™["8 » Circumtereiice of fix Miles. On the Fall Part
« the Strtim lies tlic other I'art of the City, being joined
lyivtry liandfome Stone Bridge of lirven Arches. I com-
wT 1 '*'"''" *'■'''■■ ^° ^' /"•ooo Pertons in Lima, all
Mu. . ^°'°"" """'"''*■'' i a"d I do not wonder at any
Multiplicaiion in a City, which is the Centre of fo much

riT*"'"'*^^'""""' '"'■' '^'"'^« ^^^ n^t"""^ ^""'•»*« of
LiJ ■■""' *" ^^^\'^ f*'" ^"^^ t*^" Way, whether

ff °L?"'''"^' generally leave fome Deferters, who chufc
Im L ' '^^°'" ^^'^ I'Lcouragcment all white Faces
l^ r"' ''" **■'"' "'^''"^ World, the People here are
IkJ. Tj '" ^^"^ "'^''- The Men drefs as they do
I '^I'^nd, ibcir Coats being cither of Silk, or tine Lnglj/f}

extravagant Manner, not omitting their Sheets and Pillows,
bclides the outward Covering of the Mantle aforefaid. Their
l,inen is doubly bordered with it. Top and Bottom, with
Ruffles of four or five Furlvlows hanging down to the Knee.
Then, as to Piarls and precious Stones, which they wear in
Rings, and Bracelets for the Neck and .'Vrms,they are very
extravagant, tho' the Value is hardly equal to the Shew they
niak;:.

8. The Viceroy has an handfome Palace in the great
Qiudran^le of the City, which I take to be near as large
as Lincoln' i-lm-iidd:, London. His Salary is ten thouland
I'ounds a Year; and his Pcrquifites double that Sum : And
though his Government i xpires at three, four or five Years
End, as the King pleatls, yet, it is fuppoled, he makes a
good Fortune for Life \ for he has all Places in his Gift,
both in the Government and Army, throughout Peru, ex-
cept particular Perlbns are lent or nominated by the King.
Tlie judicial Court confifts of twelve JiKlges, not to men-
tion the inferior Officers, Couni'el, and Solicitors : Here
all Caufes Ihould come to be decided, but they are too of-
ten determined beforehand in Favour of theParty who gives
mofl Money » and tho' thefe vail Dominions abound in
Riches, yet there is not abundance of Work tor the Lawyers,
becaufc the St.itutes are fifw and plain, which is certainly
happier tharr a Multituife of Laws explaining one another,
till they arc fo intricate, that the IITue of a Caufe depends
mor.; upot< the Craft of a Solicitor and Advocate, than the
Truth of the Cafe. Btfides all this, a Multiplication of
Laws begets an Infinity of Attorneys and Counfellors, who
live high and great upon the DiftreflTcs of other People,
and as often argue a Man out of his Right as into it. Thefe
Hardlhips are pall retrieving -, bccaufe every Magiftrate
knows his Reign to Iw Liit Ihort, and, if he don't make a
Fortune he is laugheit at -, fo that they wink one at an-
other 1 ami the great Dillance between Peru and Spain, is
a Realbn the King's Orders are feklom regarded, being two
Years going backward and forward ; whence arile many
clandeftine Doings v tor, according to Law, the King
Ihould have a twentieth Part of the Gold, and a fifth Part
of all Silver -, but there arc vaft Quantities that never pay
Duty, carried privately over the Continent the North Way,
as well as the South, by trading Ships ; and tho' there are
prodigious Sums allowed for the Militia, Garifons, ai d
Repairs of Fortifications, yet it is not One-half applied :
IVom all which it is eal'y to im.igine, what immenfc Reve-
nues woiilii come to the Freafiiry at Madrid, if his Catho-
lic Majelly was but t.utlifully l(?rvcd.

The Country in Peru is naturally fubieft to Earthquakes -,
at Lima they had two great ones alwut fifty Years ago,
which overturned Houfes, Churches, and Convents ; and,
in the Reign o\. CharlesW. the Lite King at Spain, therewas
an Fjrthqiiake nearthel"AjuinodialLine, that lifted up whole
Fields, and carried thrm fcveral Miles off: Sm.dl Shocks
arc often felt without doing any Haim ; and I have been
two or three times called out of Bed when fuch a thing has
happened, tho' we have heard no more of it ■, but, upon
theft Occafions, the Bells always toll to Prayers. Notwith-
ttanding this Country, efpecially nigh the Coaft, has fuf-
fered much by Earthquakes, yet their Cluirches arc lofty
enough, and neatly built: T'hat Part of their Architeiflure,
which requires moll Strength, is generally finilhed "Aith
burnt Bricks j but their I loules are all built with Bambo,
Canes, and Bricks, dried only by the Weather, which arc
durable enough, becaule it licvcr rains : The Covering
is a Matting with Alhes upon it, to kee,' cut die Dewb,
which is all the Wet they liave. The linall Rivtr of Lima
is niollly Snow-water, deil-cnding trom the neighbouring
I ivlouii-

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Book I.

; :(

■i. 'h .'. *

I W'

Mountains wli'uli are cove red all the Year witli Snow, hut
portly diflblvctl in the Sumincr vSeafon, wimh is tri)m Sep-
tember to Mitrcb. One woulil cxpcd it murh Iiottcr tht re-
abouts than it is there being no I'roiK-rtinn iKtwicn the
Heat o» this Climate in .hn(rica, and the lame Ilgrec ot
Latitude in Jfrica : For which there are two Realon»i the
one is the cool 'lemper ot" the Air, proci-ctiing tVom the
congealed Snow on the Mountains, which dift'iiUs itlclt t ve ry
Way i the other is the Humidity of the Vapurs, which
hang over the Plains, and which are ib frequent, that, when
1 came firft to Lima, I otten cxix-ftcd it would rain. I'hcfe
Vapours are not fo coarle, low, and gloomy, as our Fogs ■,
nor fcparated above, like our Summer Clouds -, but an F.xalt-
ttion between both being fprcail all round, as when wc
fay the Day is overcaft : So that fometimes a line IXw is
felt upon the outward Cjarments, and dilcerntil by the 1- ye
upon the Knap of the Cloth. This is an happy Convenience
at Lima, thr People being thus Icrecmeti One-halt ot the
l>ay from the Sun ; and, tho' the Afternoon be .Sun-llune,
'tis very tolerable, tx-ing mixed with the Sea Bret its, .iml
not near fo hot as at Lvbon, and Ibmc Parts of Spain m
Eurcpt, which are thirty Degrees further Ironi the l'.iju4tor.
The want ot Rain in this Part of the Continent obliged
tJie poor Indians, before the Conqucft, to make Drams
and Canals, tor bringing down Water from among tlic
diftant Moyntaias ; which they have done wiih fuch great
Ijbiurand Skill, that the Valleys are properly rctrellud,
producing (irals Corn, and Variety ot Fruits, to which the
atorefaid Dews may alio a little ccntnbute i and thcretcre
this (hews, that there is no judging from Ciicumllanccs,
will ther a Country be habitable or not, lince, in this re-
fpcd, nothing would feem more conclulive, than the anfo-
jute want of Rain. A Spaniflj Hillorian has given us the na-
tural Caull- of this per^ietual Drought: He obfervcs, that
the South-weft Winds blow upon the Ftrtnian Caill all
tlie Year round, and t!ie Ocean is tlieretorc called Pacific,
bccaufe the Winds never dillurb the Waters : '1 hole e.\fy
(jales always bear away tlie Vajxjuis from tiie I'lains, l>fore
they can rile, and form a Boily futficicnt to defceiul in a
Shower; but, when they ..re earned farther and higher, th<y
grow more compact, and at length fall, by their own
Weight, into Kain. I'hcy have Plenty of Cattle, Fowl,
and Fifh, and all I'rovifion common with us, except But-
ter, inftcad of which they always ule I.ard ; they have Oil,
Wine, and Brandy enough, though not fo go<Ki as in Eu-
rope. 'I'hiy (irink much ot the Jelliits Herb Lamir.i,
brought trom Par,:^uii\ by Land-, l()r all hajl JnJia 1 ca
i.s fi)rbid : 'I'hry nuke a Deioction ot it, and link it tliro'
a I'll*; It IS generally here called Matiea, being the Name
ot the Bowl out vi which they dnnk it. CluKolate is their
ulual Breakfaft, and a Grace-tup after Dinner ; loimtimes
they drink a dial's of Brandy for Digcftion, but fcarre any
Wuic at all. In the Kingdom ot Cbili they make a little
Butter, fucii as it is; and their way ot doing it is remarka-
ble : The Cream is put into a Shecp-fkin, and kept on I'ur
pole lor that Ule ; two Women lay it on a 'labk, aiul
Ihake it between them, till it (omes.

9. The Spaniards ..re no l-rknds to the Bottle ; yet G il-
laiitry and Intrigue are here brought to I'erfedtidn ; tor
thiy devote fo much ot their Time to the Service (f tin-
lair .Sex, that it \< uninmnerly not to havr a .Millrels, a:iit
liandaluus not to keep her well. As lor the Women, they
have many Aicomplitlinients, N;th natural and acquired';
tlifirCoiivcrfation is tree ami Ipnghtly, their Motion grace-
tul, tlieir l^)oks winning, and tliiir Words engaging :
'Ihey havealladeluateSliai*, not injured with Uitf Uniird
Stays, but Icit to tlic Be-auty (,f Nature ; li) that there is
no luch thing as a crooked Bexly among them. Their
Fyes and '1 c. tli are ijarticularlv excellent ; and their 1 lair,
being generally ol a .l.irk {xjlillud Hue, is lincly combed,
and plattal and tii d b<-l,ind with Ribbands 'JUt never tiif-
guiled witii Powikr ; tor the Brightnels ot their Skins round
tlie lemples appears very well (haded through the Hair,
hkc Light through a Landtkip. Th,/ Am..urs arc ui:iver-
fal ..t Lima, yet tiie Men arc ( arelul enough to hide th<-m \
[or no indecent Word or Action is allowed in public :
'l";.cy h.vr two Siatui.s tor tliefe Kntertainments ; one is
at tiie S,:jla, or Alten.cjoii's Nap, which is commonly wall
the .Vlillidi i the otha is uitljc livcmng, croli. the Watei,

in Calaflifs, or at t!ic great Square in the Town, \\\-..
the Calalhes meet m great Nunibrrs towanU t!ic l)i k
theic are llung like our Coaches, Imt ihialkr, and nianvii;
them lit only lor two, fitting op) olite : Tlicy areahvjv!
drawn by one Mule, with the Negro Driver updn his B.uk
and It js ulual, among thofe Calalhes, to oblerve fevtril,,!
ihini with the Windows dole up, Ibniling Ihll for i;,i
an Hour together. In tlulc .'Vinufiiients tluy luw ;.
vcraiCullomsiJcculiar to tlicinlelvrs : Att;r FveiurgiVav
ers, the (icntleman ihaiij',es his Drefs trom a Cloaiiuno ^
Montero, or jiK-key-ioat, with a l.ii.en lacrdCj'), anm
llandk(rchiet ab<jiit li;s Neck inlUad ot' a Wig: It |(
wears his Hair, it mull be tucked uii.ler a Cap, ami lia;
tlapt all down ; fo that it is an univerlal ImiIuoIi to I* cr.
guil'ed tome way or otlier ; fur thole who have ii.t .\Ii,!r |,_
are allianu-d to !x' thought virtuou«, and mi.ii oc in 1,,;;.
Mask or other to couiiti nance the \V ay ot the WorM. h..-.
as all tliiMs Night-work, they li.ive an eftai)lilhcil Ki; ;o
jirevint QuarriLs, which is iic\cr to tjxak or take .Nd-.icc
one of another, whether they are going in ijuell ot, crv;.
liting tluir l.adiis ; to that, in Ihoit, the forepart ct th;
Night IS .1 Mal(]iier.Kic all the Year round. Anioi-j; !':,•
Rank of People who do not keep Calalhes, there on u-
veral Points to Ix- cblervcd, lurueiilarly when they Uk:
the F.vening ,\ir ; t ne CoUj le never walks clof- upon t;,c
Heels of another; but, to prevent the publilhing anv i-.
cret Wliil'i>er., ea. h Couple walk^ at the Didanccot t*ii»o
Vanis at leall ; and it any lady drojis a Fan, or any tii.-.-,
by .Xiculent, a Cientleman in.iy civilly take it up; bj .~;
mud ni>t give it to the I-idy, but the Gentlmun who n
witli her ; tor the may be tlu- Siiler or Witeut h:ni v...:
takes It up; and, a.s the Women are all veikil, thrfw::
I«iwsare inventeii to prevent any impertinent Ditcuvt.kr;.
A l-re-.'dom of that kind is Uxiked. Uj on as the liigluthl;-
tiont in all Gallantry, and merits adra.^n Sword thr-i:.",
lilt l-ivcr : 1 hty arc lb laielul in thele Rules, that it rv
Man fees Ins iiuim.itc Friend any-where with a Woman, ;:;
mull in no wile take notice of him, or Ipe.ik ot it dt:;-
wards : '1 kings ot t'.iis Nature are all done w,di the ;:ru;i
(iravity im.iginablr, and the Piactii e 01 1 iallantty IxCiirt-,
by this iiuans, ilmnt, tl>tt, andtat'y : But, n(>twit!i!!r,i;.
ing the Comiiieicc of 1 .ove is here lo regularly f ttl.ii, yrt
there are Jealoulies now-.md-theii lu'ifilling, whiihlunv-
times have ended l.itally. riicif was a Story ot tins ;!«
pretty tielh when I was at Lima : A young l,aiiy Ioj.'j;
t'ome time, as Hie thoiiglit, been the liile .Sovtrei;;::c: :;'-;
Lover's I ieart ; l)ut, by I lunce, the touml l.iiii m Cc:;)-
pany with anoilier Woman ; and, as our iniiii. tabic &tf-
fptare has it, " rritle', light as Air, are, to the j .-aious C*.-
" lirnutionsllrong," the waited tliercli)ie no tin tneriVjo.'il
his Intideliiy, nor cxjxcted .my Fixcuf tor the Wrwyua:
her ; but tuddenly drew his I )aggcr, and dil'patthni ni.r,.
She was loon brtnight to I'rial ; and, wlicn ev>ry or.tn-
|)ected Ihe wwild pay ilie Furteit ot lier Lite, her Jt.^;;.'''
gave it this 1 urn, that ir was not Malice, but f-Xoh ■
Love, tiiat prompted liei to the rath I'eed : .sjn- waM x:-
tore aequiited ; but ( ime nice C al'uills tiiought ihe llwa:,
in Honour, have lunged lurlLlf How ageeable law
thele Piaciice>. arc to the i'.rtoU Spaniards, yet t.hry ci;.-'
An Inconvenience to .Society ; tor tMe Men are li) Ic!'.:'.'
taken up with tiict'e fort cf Mattirs th.u tlu' Wuni.-i: •
grot's m(.ll ot their Tiaie, and I'poil pubic ConverU;:"-.
For tlii->Rial'on, there arc no 1 .iverr.s or Colli <li"i'ls- '
that the Men .uc only to be met with .at their Othies, or.;
Church, ihe lame Inconvenience, in agre.itiroi lll^LV
grec, atiemisthls Proixniity to li.iliantry, wlure-evtritift-
vails ; and may be jiitlly conl'uieiid us the Rm • ot biduun'.
corrupting t.K Miiulsof botii .S, xes, and inllil!i:.[? tLcbiidl
Principlesot Iniolcnce ami IXIumhrry.

10. It isthietly owmg to this ed'cminatf nifpoiiiijn.-J'
all m.inly Fxercit'es, ail iiletol Knowleilge, and th.it iv-b-
Fmulation, whiih inlpiiits \ iituc, and ke.ps alive Kd|x-
to the public GochI, are untli'iisilit of here : for, asth"'
is naturally a great Mixture of Phlegm anJ Stubcoriw.'.
11 .S/rfw/yi Contlitutiuns, tij whatever tat,, s aniuniitl tfr."
into a Culloin, obtains the Force ot an invioli'ilc IJ*'
and, howiver ablurd, however contrary to Ucligiun t-
\'irtiK-, however noxious to .Socictv, or fatal to ["!>■*'■
Peace, IS not to Le looted out y Art or f -•:•:■• ''

Mil -i

chap. I.

Captain B e t A g it.

^4T

Amuletncnts, thcK'lorr, that firVe to relax" tlic Labours of
ihi Induftrious in other Countries, anil ytt keep alive the
\i.20iir and Adivity of Body, and ot Mind, are never
known in ff" ; ;""• whoever Ihould attempt to introduce
,l,cni wcuU be conlidercd as an Innovator, which, among
^m^adu is a lri|ilittul 'I'liinR : Nor would they fuft-tr
tlKinlHvcs to be convinced, that martial Kxercifes, or lite-
rary Conferences, arc preferable to Intrigues. They have,
however, a fortof Playhoiifo, where the young Gentlemen
and Students divert thcmfelvcs after their l-afliion v for
«lut I'crlormances they liave in the Dramatical Way are fo
nil an, that they are hardly worth mentioning, being Strip-
turr Stories interwoven with Romances, and, which is Hill
worlc, with Obfcenity.

It was at tlus Theatre, that two £«^///7j»,y», of Monfieur
MifMtt'i Squadron, fought a Prize u little bclorc I came
I) Lima: They lirft obtained Leave of tlie Viceroy to ex-
crcifc at the ul'ual Wcajions ; and, after the Shew-day w.ls
fixed, moll of the i 'ni<= ^'>' '-^l^^" "1' ^"'\ prip'^r-itoiy
LtrinionKS to brinj^, as we phrafc it, an Iloufe ; i)r(.ceded
by Beat ot Drum, in l\K\f Holland Shirts and Ribbands,
Iilutinf^ the Speftators at the Windows with a Hourilh of
ihc S«")rd i lo that, by the extraordinary gallant manner of
ti. ■ Thiiifl;, the whole City came to fee the Trial of Skill :
Su.T.c •'ave Gold, but few very lefs than a Dollar : When
tlij Company, Male and Female, were dole packed toge-
th.r, the Mailers mounted the Stage ; and, after the uIimI
C'omplimL'nt, peculiar to the Englifh Nation, of iliaking
Hands before they figiit, they retired in great Order, and
lloudujKHi tlieir Guard. Several Bouts wrre played with-
out much Wratii or Damage; but t!ie Defign of this
Mating being more to get Money, than Cuts or Credit,
ciicot die Maftcrs had the fe.Ubn.ible fortune to receive a
fcialllhirton theUreall, which, having blooded his Shirt,
began to nuke the Combat look terrible ; upon which the
Company fearing, from fuch adreadtul Beginning, that the
Zeal ot tlu Chunipions might grow too warm, and con-
ceiving, till they Were reconciled, no Man in the iK)ule
was fate, unanimoully cti;d out li^ijla, Bajla, which figni-
fin Enough, Lnoug,b; and lb the Houl'e broke up. 1 he
Sailors, hmling this a better I'riie than any they ever met
wiiaa: Sea, hunihly b lijught hib I'AcilLiuy to grant than
a Licence tor .mother 'I'rial of Skill i but the Viciroy, and
alitlic I'lopl-, were ag.unft it, from a religious OijeCiion
that could ncvir Ix; got over j and that was, lell the 1-el-
lutts fliould kill one another, and die without Ablokition.
Oix cannot In Ip oblcrving, when fo fair .ui Opportunity
i)li'cr% ili.it the public Uivcrlions of any i'lace always
tlicwthe Temper oi a I'eople •, wiicnce appears the Danger
c; intraiuciDg, under the Notion of I'lcg.ince, the Amule-
i"ciitsot a dejected or an cllVminate Nation, becaule, in
lii'.c, they eveiy-where produce the fame L'.tVeCts ; that is
to ;.iy, they nuiiikl thote,amongfl whom they are introduceii,
i:.:j l!'.: f.ime 1 eiiiper with liiol'e from whom they are de-
nvu. ; and I dare lay, if Gallantry prevailed here as much
asi.iiVtf, we Ihould foon grow as much out of Love
wtii I'liii-figiumg, and with whatever elle had any Atii-
ii.iy with l.abour or Danger, as they : So natural it is,

loi th: l,ove of I'lialure to dallardiic the very bravell

rwpic.

11. A further Inllancc we have of this Deficiency of
Spi'it in the Sfanidi-Js, trom their Carelellhels with rct'pecc
twtholcl ountnesand, lllands yetundileoveied, m the Neiyh-
bjuihood ot tiieir vail IXiminions in Anienui -, notwithiland-
liiK diC AlVuraiues they have had, that lL)me of tluli; Coun-
ties arc richer, and of nnicii greater Conl'etiuence, tlun thole
tiity luiv;; already conquered or fettled. The firlt Spunijh
IJo^rnurs w Mexico and Peru were not of this indolent
i-.d un.ifpirinR Temper; but b-flowed great Care and Pains
in c:iduvouring to obtain the moll perfcrt Knowleiige pof-
"j.io! the Places bordering upon thole under their relpec-
'•H'f.ovcrnnients i but now that generous Thirl\ ot Paine
'■JMolutelycxtinguiflicd, and the >S'/>(J/;//& Governors, in-
''^^ ul aiming at new Difeovjries, content themfelves
*i;.i plundering their FcHow-fubiecls, tliar arc fettled in the
\-^' 1 he Regions which lie North of the Kingdom ot'
^"'■»«, arc known to abound with Silver, precious Stones,
KJ other rich Commodities •, yet the Spanidrdi not only
'••v'' '"^■"' ^'ooquelU on that Side, but ditcouragc, as

miicli as they ran, the Reports fpK'ad of the Wealth and
Value of thole Countries. Upon the liime Principles, they
give no fort of Kncouragement to attempt penetrating in-
to the Heart of Sottlb /Imerica, whence the bell Part of the
Riches of Peru is known to come •, the Mountains, which
arc at the Back of the Country, being extremely rich in
Gold ; and the Regions on the other Side towards the
North Sea.s, known to be inhabited by Nations that have
abundance of that valuable Metal j though, for fear of be-
ing opprelled by the Europeans, they conceal it as much
as poUlble. If this proceeded from a Maxim of true Po-
licy, viz. that of k'tng content when they have enough,
and applying themfelves to govern well what they already
polVefs, it would be extremely commendable, and woukl
certainly contribute to the Safety, Peace, and Continuance
of their Empire m thofe Parts. But while it appears plainly,
from the Conduct of their Viceroys and other Officers, that
they have nothing in View but accumulating Wealth, at the
Lxpence ot thofe they fliould proted, it is natural for the
People to with, that they would apply themfelves toDilco-
veries, which would aiVord the Governors means of make-
ing their fortunes, without dillreHing fuch as are already
Subjech to the Crown of Spain,

But, ot all the Dilcoveries that have ever been talked of
amongll the Spaniard!, that which has made the moll Noife,
is the Illand or lllands of Solomon. Thetc are iiipixjtld to
be the fame with thole liifcovered by the famous Ferdinand
dc i^^iro., : 1 le reported them to be cxcclTively rich, as
Well as extremely populous ; and delircd, by repeated Me-
morials, that he mii^ht be authorizeii, by the Crown of
Spain, to proceed in, ;ind linilb that Difcovcry ; but, as all
his Inllances were neglected, in the Space of a few Years
it became a C^iellion, whether there r .i ly were any fuch
lllands or not ; and the Treating this Matter as a Romance,
was, tor tome time, a political Maxim vvith the Viceroys
of Peru ; and perhaps, by degrees, the very wilell People
in Jnieii:a wuiikl have been bi ought over to this Opinion;
but It fo hapjxned, th.it, towards the fitter End of the laft
Century, tiu h Dilcoveries were made .is to the Reality of
thel'e lllands, that Don Alvaro de Miranda was fent in the
Vear 10<)5. upon difcovering them, in which he milcar-
ricd •, but, in the Search, met with four lllands, between 7
and to- of South Latitude, wonderfully rich and pleafant j
the Inhabitants of which were a better looking People, and
far more civilized, than any of the Indians upon the Con-
tinent. 'Mils occalioned a good deal of Dilcourlc at that
time ; but the Dillurbances that followed loon alter, took
up Peeiples 'I'iioughts to t'ucli a degree, that all Ilopes of
finding, or even endeavouring to find, thefe happy Iilands,
were intircly laid alide.

Yet, while 1 was in Peru, this Attempt was renewed
ag.Vin, though to very little Purpoi'e, by an odd Accident.
Before 1 enter upon this, 1 mull be obliged to lay ibmething
of the Perlon empleiyed in the Dilcovery : Among the reft
of the liauh Tr.ideis or Interlopers, that were elellroyed
by Miirtinei\ Squadron, there was one Mr. TLiylel, with
whom 1 W.IS well acquainted at Linu, who loll all his hfleits;
But even this hard Lllige could not drive him out of /"crn ;
he came tlutlier to make a Fortune, and he did not, by any
means, caie to return home a Beggar. He had tormerly
commanded feveral good Ships, and was an expert Artill.
I le offereel his Service to the Government, and this Offer
of his was very kin lly received, 'i'heiiill AtVair of Import-
ance ill which he was employed, was an Expee.iiion to the
Illand ot Juan Fernandez, in order to find there the Bottle,
with the Intlruitions, which Captain Ciipperton kit behind
him for Captain Sbekockf, when, in puifuancc ot his Iii-
flrudions, he touched at th.it Illand, and cruil'ed in iii
NeighUiurhood for a Month. Ot this the Viceroy was iii-
foimed by one ot Ciipperton % Men, that was taken Pii
foner ; which Information immediately produced a Reluhi-
tion to fend for tliott: Inllmdions, in order to prevent the
En^.'ip Piivateers from joining ; and a more proper Man
for fuch an Expedition could not have been lound than Mr.
fl'iiyla, who, in point of Ingenuity and PracHice, was a
mue'h more capable Man than moll in tlie Spanijh Service.
This Circumllance of fending for the Bottle is the moll au-
thentic Teftimony that can polllbly be exp. cHed to the Truth
of -7 ^:vj/<7's Journal, and the Hilloiy ah e.uiy given ot Cltp-
Q R J>crUn%

Mi;'i|'

■S: l!ll

■:■ "H

'■it ill

! *■■

k !■€ •',;'

m'-m

'- ' .,-1

'14^

The V O Y A Ci 1< S oj

Book 1.

f^jw's Procoa!ing<i. I might mil, tli.it it is a< dircU a
Rtfiitation of all that Captain .s/v.'w.ir lia.'s acivaiuT^l up..;!
this Subjirt ; U) that it IS impollibic lnr any Man, who ton-
fidcrs it, to bchcvc what he charges Captiiiii Qipp/rtcH with
to be tmr ; or to dn-ani, that it ever was the Inti ntion ..I
Clipptrm to JelVrt Sbthock(. It niiglit alf.) bo oblerve.l,
that the latter ilocs not To much as jirctcml to have Ictt any
Inftrurtions for CJippnton, in call- he IhouKl conic to any
r.f the Places where Sht'.voike iiad touchcil •, tlic Inference
from which is vciy caly.

While Mr. tiwlet was gone upon hi» Cruize, a SpaK:}b
Ship arrivctl at Calao, tlio MalK-r of which rqxjrtcJ, that,
Ivinmlriven out of his Courlo, he had made the Illands <.t
Solomon. This occifioneil much Difcourii: on that Sul'iec't,
and the comparing all the different Accounts that had Ix-rn
Riven of tlielc Illands, and their Iiiliabitants, wliicli apixMied
Jo clear, fo probable, and well tonneiJled, as llarce to leave
any Uoubt of the Veracity of lu>h as prctendui to have
made this Difcovery . I n the Muift of the 1 )ik ourfcs raifcd
by this Accident, another Ship arrived, with the like Ac-
count, attended with Circiimltances, which render d it evi-
dent, that there could not be any Fraud or Collulion in the
Cafe i bet that both hid, by pure Accident, I ecn driven
upon the fame Idand. 'I'liiswas very lucky tor Mr. Thtiyltt,
fiiicc, while he was ( mploycd in one Expedition, another
was thus unexpectedly provided for him. On his Kcturn
with the lnrtn](f>ions, and tiie two Men who dtferteil there,
the Viceroy, wiliinp to encoiirage him, tliouf^ht ot this
ftiort Kxi)cdition for him in the fame Vcird, being an Ex^-
lijh Ketch of aliout fixiy Ton, and in whieii he had fcrvcd
Captain Miirltnel as a Tender -, for the Intelligence he had
received ot Sale men's Ifland made his t'.xcell'.ncy curious to
purfucthe Difcovery. He therefore ordered the Ketch to
be fitted out (or two Months, under Ihaylii's Command •,
who accordingly (ailed into lo" South, in which Latitu.lc
the Ifland was (aid to lie. He crui(cd thereabouts till his
Provifion was very nigh expended, and returned, witlK)iit
Succefs. However, as the lame Account came by two dil-
fercnt Ships, who touched there, the Spmr/inii verily be-
lieve there is fuch a Place -, for the Men reported, that the
Natives, as to their I'eribns and Behaviour, were much like
the Indians on the Continent ; that they had (loid and Sil-
ver Thing', among thvm ; but that their Lniigu.ige w.;^
ftrange and unintilligible. The Reafon why Mr. 'Ibny'rt
could not meet with Solcmcn'i Ifland, mij;ht be from the
Uncertainty of the Latitude, and his Inability ot making
fiinher Search, b irj; provided only for two Months ; tor
I have been informed in Lcndon, that the (aid Ifland or
Idands lie more Soutlvrly in the Fanjii Ocean, than where
they are laid down in the Dutch Maps ■, and the two Spa-
ntard.', who h.id Iven there, were only final! tr.iding Vcl'-
ftls, carried thither by irregular Currents-, and could give
no cenain Account iit the Latitude, becaufe they !;ept no
Reekoning. Ami thus ended all Thoughts of prtifccuti.ig
this Difcovery at that time.

12. As th- Riches of /'<rr« confifl chiefly in their .'Silver
Mines, 1 fl'.ail endcivovir to treat of thelir, not only frnm
my own Lx',>ener.ce, but finm t!ie he{\ l.if^lits I have Ivrn
able to derive tiomthe iTnc'tcll Inquiry I had it in my Power
to make Irom other. There are two Sorts ot Silver Mines,
the one wiiere Silver i" found feattered about in faall Quan-
t.tics -, the other, wi.ere it rur> in a Vein Ix-twnn two Rnck- -,
the one cxcefTiVily hard ; and the other much totrer : And
it is thffe lalV, which bct\ tielerve, and are gm-ndly diftm-
pviilheei by, the Name of Silver Mines, 'i his precious
Meta', v.-hieh i', in other Coiintric*;, the St.imlarii or Mea-
fiire ot Riches, is, in Pfru, the Riches ot tli-- Country, con-
fidert-d in anot.'kr Li^ht, I nv.anth.it of a naiur tl Comir.o-
dity; f(,r, throiip;hoiit the \Mio|i-ot that v.ill Country, there
arc a!mo(t t-voiy-wtv.re Silvir Mines to be met with, of
more (jr let's \'alue, accordini', as the Ore pnnliirrs more or
lets Sliver, and can Ixr wrougiit at a i reat' i or lefs I-'.xn-nee.
'I'here are tome, but r.';t a ;;rcat many, Mip.e-, f> tin North-
want of f.i;n/i ; but, to the .So;it!i, they an- very numerous.
On tlie Back ol the- .•/»r.//r, there lies a Nation ol Mans,
c.died hs Pia'.eru, or rhc I'liKf-mri, idiii th>- v.ifl nu.m-
tries they poifcts ot Silver ; but the i>;\miards have"vrr\-
little Communication with them. 'I'lv Ix-lf prt of the
iMme-coui'.trici are to the ioudi ot Ci'/,.-., liym tiitnrc

to Pnioji, and fo to the I-'ioiuiefS of Chiti; and where, |;,.
the Space of ;oo Mih s, there is a continued SuccetRoi, oi
Miius, lome being dilcovcred, and others dcl'crtcd, tvciy
Day. '

It is a common thing for the People here, as well «
ellewliere, to oin plain ot the prelcnt '1 imcs, and cotjinieiid
(he pall, as it h< rctolore there were intinitcly greater (jiui,.
tities ot Silver dug out of the Mines than at prrfrnt : And,
perhaps, with re|',iid to particular Mine.«, it may be to \
but, ujxm the Whole, I'oubtleiii the Quantities of Silvtr
that are annually obt.iined in the Spamjb tVtft Indits abun-
d.iMtly exceeils what was tormcrly exfiorted Irom thenii.-.
As to the Names ot thof , which have been mull remark-
able, or are lo at pieicnt, in the Country of Peru, thiy are
thcfe I VIZ. theNlinesot I.o.\.i m^Qmora, Ciienca, Putt;,
Itio, S;. JUiin del Oro : Tlufc ate wrought at preftnt.
Thole ot Ornro and Tiliri are neglei'tcd. Thofe vi Pom
and Plata (ille>l up. At Pdn/i there ate a great Nunibtref
Mines. And tliol'e ot Ton.inci, Chocaia, /Itacuma, Xvxki,
the Otlcbaques, (iu,h\c, /quir.ie, &c. are all wrought with
more or lets Profit ; ami this at cording to the Skill of thtir
Proprietors, or ot liich as have tlie Direction o| thete VVorkv
It IS generally bduvid, and there fcems to be fome RcaLn
tor it, th.it l-'.xpeneiice h.is taught the Creolians herca jht-
fett Actiuaiiitaiue with Minerals, and the Art of treatir.*
them, fo as to obtain the largtft Prolit. Bur, howivrr,
when one conliders their Ignorance in other Arts, their i^o-
ing on conOantly in the fame beaten Track in this, together
with their vaft \Varte ol Qiiickfilver, one is iijinoll tempttd
to l->elicve, that our huroptdn Miners might manage th;:r
Works to ftill greater Advantages. 1 his fcems the nioa-
probable, when one refle(f^s, that this Knowledge ofth.irj
IS not at all foun led upon Principles, but is, propeily fpralt.
ing, in Art built upon acci<ler.tal Dilcov^riis, in wiiirh
there is little of Accuracy, and abundance of L'ncertainty,
whici; will be more evident to the Reader, when he has
j^erufeil and confidered the following Account of the Mn-
ner, in wjiich die Silver is extracted from the Ore at tii:
Mines.

I he moft perfedl Silver that comes from thence, is m
that Korm which the Spaniards call Pinntts, which isaLuirp
of Silver extremely porous, becaufe it is the Remaimicrc:
a P.iftc, made of Silvtr-ilud and Mercury ; and the lattrr
being exhaled, leaves this Remainder of the Maii ti«ngy,
full of 1 loles, and light. It is this kind of Silver tliat :s
put into dilVerent Forms by the Merchants, in order to
cheat the King of his Duty, tliough that is but veiy inodt-
rate \ and therefore all Silver in this Ctmdition, if found
any-where on the Road, or on U)arii any Ship, islooltnl
upon as contraband (i(Kx!s, and is liable to Seizure. In r:-
gard to the Art of Relining, therefore, I am to fhcw ih:
Progrets ot the Ore finm the Mine to tliis kind ot Mais ot
Cake : After having broken the Stone taken out of xit
\cn\ of Ore, they griixi it in their Mills with Cirmd-ilor:«,
or m the Ingenics Raalts, or Royal Fj'.ginr;, which confi'.l
of Hammers or Pounders, like the Frenih P!.i(lcr-m;ll!.
'i'hey have generally a Wheel ot .ibi)ut twrnty-live or tlnrry
F'ret Diameter, whole long Axle tree is fet with iiiiact.1
Triangles, which, as they turn, hook or lay hold ot t.';:
lion Hammers, hit them up to a teitam 1 Icii^ht, trcT.
w!ien( e they tiroji at once at e\Try Turn ; they gerfra..y
weigh alx)ut 200 Weight, and tall Co violently, that thfV
( tulh and reduce the hardelt Ston.- s to Powder hv ili"^
^\■e:nht alone. They atterwanls l'''t th.it Powder thro'i;,'
i:on or Copper Sieves, to lak- '• ., vie tinetf, and tiiurr',
the relf to the Mill. When the Oie iiappens tobc mixed w:'
f;ine Met.ais, which oblUue't its filling to Powder, asC'p-
per, then thiy calcine that in an Oven, ar.d pound it u'.t:
again.

Ill the little Mines, where they life none but M:!!^ v r.

firind-lloiiei, they, fur th- mott p.irt, grind the Or; v '-

Water, whii h makes a liquid .Mud, that nins into a Kf

r -iver -. whercis, wluii it b ground ilry, it nuill b-: a' -•

watvis flceind, and well mouldt\i togeth(-r svith t!'.'- f'-"

tor a long time. To this Puri)ote they make a Court i'

l-i'Kir, where they ditpoie tiiat Mud in iijuare Parcel, i*'-'

a boot thick, each ol th; m cont.uning hali'a Cdvsn or C !■■'••

th.it is, twenty-five (^i.irtals, or !< j \\ ei;;ht of On; a:^-

thcfe they call Cucrpcs, tiiat is. Bodies. On cachot then

ft;.v'

m-^

Chap. I-

Captain B e t kqw.

247

IJortnm !i(;,iln, rnnv,«ii, ,1 miri (}iM..lirilv,-r. Thin, little of
It IS lull I am' till l.imr |, rvrt Icvi ml hhk ■. : But tlic (Quan-
tity mull I)!- imri.ilul, Iti.iuI' it hk.wi wiMk. Mowever,
tiny loi-mnly t..iiriiini.| ,it /V.V/ (»r ^ouo Quintals or
liuiuirid Wiirtht (i( (jiiirklllvcr rvrry Year, as Acofta
wntis; by Willi h * Jiiiliiinnit may Ix- made of the Silver
tiKy (vit.

W lun the Mciriiiy iv rvaiiftratrtl, ilicrr remains nothing,

'^i"a lpon{>y l.iiiii|i tit loiiti^^iKHhlirmiu ot Silver, very

it requires to draw to it the Silver it ronuins : So that th< y light, ami ainuill mouldi rinn, which the Spaniards call la
know wt the Quantity, but by long Kxpericncc. An In- Pimui; and is, ax I oUlnvctl, a cuntraband Commodity
^j«is cm,;loval to mould one ot tlule Iquare I'arcelsii^ht trom the Mines liecaiilr, by the I.hwh of the Kingdom,
tin« a l).iy,'to the end that the Mercury may incorixiiarc tiny are obh«cd to tuny 11 uy x\w KiiigS Ketcipt, or to the
with till' .Silvtr. To that Efte^ they ottcn mix I .imc wiih Mint, to pay tim hlili m lir, M.iielly there. Thofc Mafles
it wlun the Oir hapjicns to be gieaiy, where Caution is are call into Inj-uts, on wliidi the Arms of the Crown are
to' be ufed i tor they fay, it fomctimis grows li) lint, that llampnl, as alio thai «il the VWt where they were caft,
tW neither tii-d Mcruiry nor Silver in itj which fcems their VVeit^ht ami Qiiahiy, with the Finem-ls of the Silver
boiiKtimes they alio drew among it Ibme Ix-ad to aniwer the Mealure u| ull Thinns uicoiding to an an-

,|,.v throw Jiout 200 Wfiglit of Sea or oommon Salt, more
\t\i according to the Nature ot the Ore, which tluy
luw! md incorporate with the Earth for two or three
Uivs Then tlicy add to it a certain (^lantity ot Qiiick-
:,;.' fquftzinga Turfc made cf * Skm, into which thty
L it' to mike It full in Drops, with which they Iprinkle
L Bo,iv or Mji's tqiMlly. arrording to tlic Nature and
Oiuiitv ot the Ore. Tli«y allow to each Mafs ten, lifteen,
OT twenty Pounds ; for, the richer it is, the more Mercury

t:iry
incrci

or Tin-ore, to tacilitatc tlio Operation of the Mercury, tient i'hilol()pher. It i« tilwayi terfiiin, tfi;it "the In{;ots,
which is flower in very cold Weather, than when it is tem- which have paid the lilih, have no I'raiid in them •, but it
ptiatei for which Kcafon, at Pctoji and Ltpis, they arc is not fo with the t'litHiit u\- Malli-it not e,i(l. Thofc who
ijtoi(Wig<^l to mould the Ore durini; a wliolc Month, or make them, otten cimviy into th- Middle of them Iron,
aMorth and an half: But, in more temperate Climates, Sand, and oiher 'l'hiiig\ i.» inthali the Weight \ fo that,
the Attialgama is made in eight or ten Days. in i'nuicncc, thty uu|-'.li( lu be opened, and made red-hot

To facilitate the Operation of the Mercury, they in fome at the lire, tur the iiiun' I Vifainty v t"r, if faliilird, the
riacfs, as at Puno and clllwlu-rc, make their Buittrom or Tire will tiihir turn il bUch, or yi lluw, tir melt it more
Floors on Arches, under which they keep Fires, to heat the ealily. Tiiii Trial 1. alhi to rxiia.'l a Moillure they contrart
Powder cf the Ore, tor twtnty-four 1 lours, on a Pavement in I'laccs where tin y «i • laid on put poll' to make ihcm the
of Bricks. When it is thought, that the Mercury has heavier. In Ihori, llmi Weipjil may Iv im rcalid one-third

' I'y dippifigtluiniii Wai.r wlKnthcyaie icd-hot, as alfoby

feparating tluMcivuiy, wiili wini lithe llottom of the Mafs
is always moie iinpiti,n.ii.d tli.iii ihe Top. It alfi) fome-
tiim-s haiiprns, iImi i|u lame Mai's is of diftcrcnt Fincncfs.
The Stones takm from tlw Mines 'he Ore, or, to fpeak
ill the l,anguaj>o ot /'(■/«, the Mi»n<i\\ from which the
Thfv lay, that then the Mercury difpara, that is, fhoots Silver is extracted, 11 n<it alwayi of the lame Nature, Con-
or flies away. If the Mercury is white, they jiut a Drop fillence, or I'olour, Tiiifc are litnir white and grey,
under the Thumb, and, prelling it hallily, the Silver there mixed with red or bluilli 'ipoii, whii h is called Plata Blanca,
isamongtl it remains llicking to the Thumb v and the or white Silver. The Mmo nl/,(/« arc mod of them of
Mercury flips away in little Drops. In Conclufion, when this Ibrt. Tor the moft part tlu'ie appear Ibmc little Grairis
they perceive, dutall the Silver is gathered, they carry the of Silver, ami very ottcn tmiill Branches, extending along
On: to a Baton, into which a little Stream of Water runs, the Layers of the Sioiu', 'I here arc fome, on the other
towilh it, much in the fame Nature as I fliall fliew they hand, as black as the Drols ot Iron, in which the Silver
with the Gold, excepting that this being only a Mud with- does not appear, tulleil iitp'ilh^ that is, lilackilli. Some-
out Stones, inllead of an Hook to llir it, an Indian llirs it times it is l)lack with I a ail, lor which Keafon it is called
with his Feet, to dilVolve it. From the lirft Bafon it tails Plonw ronto, that is, loiiiT- hriul, in which the Silver ap-
into a (etond, where another Iiuiian is, who llirs it again, pears as if fcratched with iDiiulhinf' th.it is harni ; and it
todillolvc it throughly, and loofen thf* Silver. F'rom the i'< generally the ricluH, and p,iit with h.all Charge, becaufe.

attriifled all the Silver, the F.ll'aycr takes a little Ore from
each I'arcclaprr, which he walhes in a little earthen i'late,
or wooden Bowl 1 and, by the Colour of the Mercury tounel
It the Bottom of the Bowl, knows whether it has had its
f :T-ct ; For, when it is blackifh, the Ore is too much heal-
ed 1 and then tlicy add inore Salt, or fome other Drug.

kcoiiii it paflcs into a third, where the fame is repeated, to
the end that what h.as not tiink to the Bottom of the lirft
and ftcond, may not efcajx- the third.

When all has been wafhed, ami the Water runs clear,
they lind at the Bottom of the Batons, which arc lined with
I/rather, the Mcivnry incorjxirated with the Silver -, whii h
they call i^^'/'d. It is put into a woollen Big, hanging up,
tor lomcol the (.ii^iiekliilver todr.iin through. Thry bind,
iieat and prcls It as inui h .IS tiicy <.in, l.iyin;ia W. i.'lit up(.n
It, With tlat Firtes of Wi>oii ; and, when they hive got
cu: iMTiiich .15 1'.iey ea'i, tliey put the I'al'e into a Mould
t! wooden I'laiih'^, wliicii, Ixing liouiul together, generally
fiirm the tiguie of an oCiagon Pyramul, cut fliort, tlie
bittoni whereof isa Copper-plate, full ot liitle I loht. 'I'here
t.'.fy thr, ill order to lailen it -, and, when tlicy ilelign to
make iiui'.y Pinmu, as they call thern, that is. Lumps of
Tuioii'^ Weights, they divule tlu m with litth- B<-iK nr 1 .av-
ers ei larth, wiai h hinder rheir eomini; together. To that
F.id till- iV.j or Mais mull be weighed, dcduding tv.u-
t";dsU)rthc Mercury that is in it -. and they know, with-
in a l.iull .Matter, what net Silver there is. Tli< y t'e. fi
'J-eod'the Mould, and place the Pinna or Mai's with i:s
^^i'crBile, 0:1 a 'I rivei, or lueh-hke Inlliumenr, H.mi-
!• -', "icr a great iarth,-n \cili.d full ot Water, and cover i:
^ 1 1 un eiKhsn Cap or Covering, which they again ci.v,i-
^" ■ I .:g;.i"J Loalsi wliuh lire- they tec-d for I'jine FIouis,
t-; :.ic Mil-, nuy grow violent hot, and the M.idiry tli.ic
'5 1:1 It evapoMtj in Smoke, but that Smoke hiving no
i'uiJi': (V.U, It iirciiiatLS in the I lollow that is between the
• ■ '•' ••"■' '-•'I'l 'ir Covering, till, coming down to the
>^ ito that b underneath, it (.wndcnfcs, and finks to the

inllead of moulding it with Quicklilvrr, it is melted in Fur-
naces, where the 1 .ead ivuporatcs by dint of Fire, and
leaves the Silver pure und cluii.

From that Sort ot Minii the tnJi^ms drew tlieir Silver,

becaufe, having no I 'It- ot ,\Ur(Un, as the Europeans

have, they only wrought thole whole Ore would melt ;

and, having but little Wood, tllPy heated their F'urnaces

with Vlo, and the Dung o| |,lam««, or Shcp, and other

Brails, expoliiij', them mi ihc MouMains that the Wind

might ke< p the lire li.ne, Tins ii ull the Secret the

I litlorians ot I'tni fpeak ot, iCi of Ibiiictliin,'; wondcrftjl.

'There is anmhtrSoii ol Oic like this, as black, and in

which the Silver does nol appi iir nt all i on the contrary,

il it be wetted, ami iiilibi'd ,i|J,niill linn, it turns red; for

which Riafoii It isialleil Kijljfv, lignitying the Kudilinefs

of the D.iwn of the D.iy, fills is very rich, and aflbrds

the tinell Silvtr. 'Flieii' i'l liiitu* that glitters like Talc or

llinglifs 1 this IS g'-neially naupju, hiuI yields little .Silver;

the- N.une of it IS y.uroih \ ilie I'ccI, which is of a ycllowiHi

Red, is veiy lott, and broken in Hits, liut feldom rich;

and the Mines ol it air wriiup.ht 011 iircuunt of the F.adnefs

ot svtiing the ( )re ; Thne is ibiiic p.ieen, not much harder

thin the hill, cilled (.W'»'//^, or ttippcnlli \ it is very rare:

However, tlii>u;',h ihc Siivei' criierally appears in it, and

it IS aliiioll mouldering, it is ihe harucll to be m.inagcd,

that is, to have the Silver eKtiiiClcd from it ; fonictimcs,

attcr l-fihg giound, it mull be burnt in the Fire, and llve-

ral otli<r Methods uleil 10 li pai'.ite it i doubtlefs, becaufe

it is mix.vl with Ci.pper. I .il'ly, lli''rc is another Sort of

very r.iie Ore, whi. ii lus been lnuiivl at /'e/r//, only in the

Miiieol Coumijb, btinjf'Fliuadi ol pure Silver, incangled

!li.'>:;

248

7lc V O Y A C; E S fjf

Book I.

(I , ,:

1:'^

[i.

HV''

•. 'I

\M'l-\ ^

x>t wound up to^'tlifr Silve ktrnt I..tcp, fo finr, tli.'.t tluy
lallcil It Ji,iH.i', Spider, from its RcUmblamr to aCoU
web.

'11k- Vtim ol Mines of wlut Sort fcxver tluy W, .iir
Bincfally riclier in tiie MiiKllc, tlioiitowarJs the Ia!;^c^ ; .iiu!.
wlien two Veins liapjicn to troli* one anotlur, tlu- I'lau-
where they mat is always very rich. It is alio oblirvcil,
that thole winch lie North anU South, are richer tli.in tlmk-
which lie any other Way. Thole which are near I'lacrs
where Mills can Ix: crn-Htii, ami tlut arc iiioir coniiiuHli-
oufly wrought, are (jften prelerahle to the ncher, that
require more txpcncc •, which is the Realoii, that, at hpfs,
mnd K Pctt/t, aChdl ot Ore mull yicM ten Maiks ot
eight Ounces each Mark, of Silver, to pay the prime
Cliargcs : and, at thole ot tiic Province ot -larama, live
pay them. When they are rich, ami link downwards,
they arc fubjf(ft to Ix; HwKlnl -. and then they mull have
recourle to I'liinps and Machines, or elle dra;n them by
tliolL- t!iey call CuatoMS, being I'alVayies m.idc in the
Side of the Mount.un lor the Water to run out at ; which
olton ruin the Owners, by the eXcclTive 1-xjxnce they in-
lenlibly I'raw tliem into. I here are other ways ot leju-
ratiiig t!ie Silver from the Stones thatconHne it, and trum
tiie other M( taU that arc mixi d with it, by Fire, or ftrong
fejurating W.it( 15, nude ule of at loiiu- Mines, where
cthir Means f.iil, and wluie thty nuke a fort of In<;ots,
which they call Bd'.^s -, but the moll gviural and ulctul
Method is to make ViHiiai or MafTes, alx)vcmentioncd,
which are preferred to other Forms, on account (;f their
tafinels in makir.^, and that they lave Fire, and other In-
gr.-dientsj whidi is a thing ol great Conlequet.ce in Works
if this Nature, where, to lave in the txj)cnce, has the fame
lilJeclas finding tin Mine.

1;. It is very natural to fuppofe, th.it, in Mines, .\s well

as other Things, there happen great N'aiiaiions in their

J'rodudls, and in the Value of ihe I'nxliict. The Mines

wliich very Litcly yijKled moil Silver, aie thole of Onrro, a

little Town tiglity leagues from .Vr/.o. In the Ye.ar

i~ii. one fo rich was found at Olladtn, near ChJio, that

it yielded 2500 .Marks, of eii^ht Ounces each, out ol

c'V;ry Clu'ft, that is alinoft one Hfth Part of the Ore 1 but

i: has declined nuich, and is now rc( koncd but nmung the

tirJiniiry i^ort. Next to tluic arc thofe at LifeSt wliicli

Jiave had the f.ime Fat^-. l^tliy, tliol'e at Potoji yield but

little, ar.d caufe a vaft I'.xixiue by realim ol tluir gie.it

JJepih. But, notW!tlillinding the Mines hue are tar di-

ini.-alli.j in th.i: I'lovluct, ya the (.^lantiiy of Ore tlut

lias been airc.idy wri,-'.:ght, and lam majiy Ye.irs upon the

iiu.-facv, is th Might cap-tl'le to yield a leiond Crop •, aixl,

vli?n 1 was at Ijh;.:, they were actually turning it Up, and

new milling i:, with great Succefs i wliith is a I'roof, that

liiclc Miv.iTals generate in the Firth like all other iiunimatc

Things-, audit is hkewifc Cirtaiii, tiom all Accounts of

J.'.s Sf.ua.irl. that CiulJ and Silver, as well as (jtlur Me-

lal, arc cjntinually growing and forming themlehes in

llie Lirili. Tins(Jpiiiion is verified by l-.xjxricnce in the

Mountain (;f Pcu/i, where feveral Mines ii.uc tallen in,

a;-,d buried the W orkmcn, with their 'Fools ; alter fome

Years, tluy have dug the fame Pl.irc, and uncovered

many Bor.es, and I'leees of VVixxi, with \c1n3 of Silver

actually running through them. J ; :,• Mines Ixlong to

Jiim who r.rll uili overs them : He immciliately prelents a

i'( titiun to tl'.e Magillnti s to have fuch a i'iccc of Farth

for his own -, which is 1.0 looncr done than granted : They

incafurc eighty Spaiiijh Yards in Length, and forty over,

which is .Iv.iit 1 2v.'o I'oot in Length, and 100 in Breadth -,

and yield it to the DilciAvrcr, who iluilts wlut Space he

thinks fit, and ilot-s what he pleafcs with it. Then they

mtafure juft the fame Qiiantity tor the King, which is

fold to the kft Bidder, there being many who arc willing

to purchafe a I'reafurc which may prove intftimable. It

;iny other Perlon has a mind to work I'art of the Mine

h.mfelf, hi- ban^ains with tlie Proprietor for a jjarticular

Vein.^ All tlut lueh an one digs out is his own, paying the

King's IXity, whitli is for Gold a aotli i'art, and lor Silver

a 5th i and fomt l.;indIords find fuch an Account in letting

i.Lit their Ciiound, and their Mills, that they live upon the

Pfo.'it.

At (Mpuips ihrrr an- (JoM Minei jutl Ivyond the I'lwn,
.ind all aU)Ut the Country likcwile, which have bioiirjil
many Purch.ilcrs and Workmen thither, to the gnat \h.
nuge ot the Induvs \ for the SpMifh Magilli.it, s t,ikj
.iway not only their Linds, but then I lories, whiihtluy
tell to the new Piopiietois, under I'retence if lerviiij; iho
King, and impiovinj; the Settlements -. There is all.) j
great deal of Magnet and Lapis Li/.uh, whiihtlie /;;„',■,,„•,
know not the Value ot : And, fome Liaj^tus in the Lour.-
try, there is pichty ol .Salt anil .Salt|>etre, which often lics.m
liuli tlmk on the dround. About an hun.lred Milts Fall,
upon the CtrJtlur Mountains, there \\ a Vein ot Sulj'lu.r
two Feet wide, fo tine and pure, that it needs no cieai-m '.
'I'hii I'art of the Country is full of all Sorts of Mnus"';
but, in other relptcts, is l<) barren, that the Naiiv.s litJi
all their Sublilleiice trom Ccq:iimbo, and that Way, Ixmr
a mere Defert for joo Miits together; and the l-.artii
alHjunds li) much with Salt and Scilpliur, that the Mi.lci
often perilh tor w.mt ot drats, and tweet W.it r. Tkn-ii
but one Kivrr in 2110 Miles, which the liiMaii! e.ill .im.h
lidtit^ M Hypocrite, l>«:aule it runs only trom Siiiirile d
Sun-let : '1 his is occalioned trom the great (^Miitiiv 0,
Snow milted trom the CoiiLiitrs in the IJay tiinr, wli;>,i
freezes again at Night, where the Cold n ottcii lo great, 1,.;
People's Features arc timtc ilillorted. Flnice Cl.uh taV.
its Name, Chile lii'.i.ilyiiii; Cold in the InJinn 1 Jiigiiai^r ;
nrid we are certainly inlormcd by the ^■panah I litlomn.,
that tome ot tlieir Ctaii.trymcn, and otlf is, who lint
traded this W.iy, iliril llilV with Colli upon thtir Mulr-^;
lor which Kealoii the Koad is now always hiwtr tuw.:.-:,
the Coall.

'Fhe Mine Counfriei are all (ii cold and barren, th.it ti/
Inlubit.uus |i>t motl ot their Prtn-ilion trom tlicLoa.t;
this is c.iufid by the Salf, and Sulphurs exh.iled lioin ili.
l-.irth, v.liich deltroy the Seed of all S ej-eubk-s. 1!;-
.Spaiiitinis who live thercabotir, finil them to llidin^, thi;
they ilr.nkolttn lit the \Itil tea, to moilK-n theiiMin.'tli,
Ihc MuLs tlut trip it nimbly over the Mouataim, jic
torieil to walk gently alx)Ut the Mines, and Itop oltcn, to
tetch Breath. It t!ut'e \'a!X)urs are fo llrong without, what
■ mull they be within the Nline itfelf, where, if a Ircfli.Mai
gois, ht IS fuddeiily benumbed with I'ain ? And this is t.u
Calc ot in.iny an one i but this DillcmiKr I Idom Ian
above a Day, .-uid they arc not \o atVeded a feioml time-,
but Vapouis have olten biirll out lb lurioully, tlut Work-
nun have bei !i killed on the Sptit, lo that one way <.r ot .;r
Mulutu^les ol Iiuiians i!:e n their Cilling. AnOburva-
tion otcuis here to my Memory, that, uj'on the Kniitj
fiurj, at Night, when wc lay down to llcep, uar Muni
went eagerly to liarch for a ctrt.iin Kcot, not unlike i
J'.irfncp, tliough nnuh bigg.-r, winch alVords a great lid ui
J aire, and, in luJi a laiuiy Plain, olten feives mlieiiUi
Water: But, when the Mules are very thirlly, a.nJ tii;T
rannot eaiily rake up the Root viith their Feet, they ».!
(land over it and bray, till tiie Indians conic to ti;c;,'
Allillance. One would wonder, that, througnc'iit alltr.s
Part of the W'orid, that Portion ot the Country ihouidw
Ixll inhalnted which is mull barren .uul leuvholionie, yi'.^.r.
thofe Sjxjts, tlut feem to vie with Par.idile itlllt lorBtai;:/
and 1 ertility, are l)ut thinly peopled. Yet, when k-'-
confiders, tlut it is not the Love of F.alt-, but the 'HiU"
ot Wealth, that draws People hither, the Dilliculty is vm
eafily foUad -, and wc fee at once, how much tV:lIo[vi
of Living licli, gets the U tter ot the 1 lopes ol l.:vinp, as
it the loL- F'jid, lor which a Man w.is rrea'e.l, w^ to
aajuire Wealth, at the F.xpenceof 1 le.dth ;ind I i.ip; :ni''.
It is generally iiiulerllood, that Silv. r is the pr ...J
Wealth u{ Peru ; and ihi- ^panmrds ullially tilk, ast)C>^-
Mines, of thole that ar; to Ix: f.iund in Lhi!i \ lai:, i-'-
withllanding this, tlurc are one or two Waihia|4-i>laies''
(lold in the South Pain of l^ru, near the Irontiersol (<•
About the Year 17>'9. there were two liirpiiii.it; lir.'
Lumps ot Virgin doki found in one of iliiie I'U.cs, '
<4 whuh weiglied thirty-two Puinids loiiipliti-, aii-i v-t
purchaleil by the Count de Momloa, tlkii \ urrny I'i ^'' •
and piefcntid to t!ic King of Sp.iin j tiic oih. r w.is lluj ■■
tiimewhat like an Ox's 1 It-art ; it weigu,! tA.iity-'."-
Poundb and an half, and wjs bought by i u- Corre!',i''"ff-

Chap.T.

Qiptdin B F. T A G H.

249

/r/„t. 'I"o linil thcfo I,ivailot(», or W.i(hinR-I)I.ircs, they ar prcfiTit, rarlicr in a iltcliningth.in noiirilliingroii.rition,
ji.r'in the Corner, ot . I link- Hroiik, whtrp, by art.im To- 'I'he Port (if flrtW/v/rt vs-.is formerly very l.tiKi,;, on lU-
te thy jiiitg'-" t'''-' *''■'''"'* "'^'"'^' t" 111". To -ill'ift in tmint of die very rieli iMine<, of (loKI t!„it v^.|^ \\\ m
i._|jj,n,.,n\ay the Mild, th.y let a Irelh .Stre.ini into it, Nn;',hboiirliooJ, winch are now, in a [V'^at me.ifiiie, ilif.
(inl ke"' turninj; it up, tli.ii ihe ( iiriint may letiil it rtloiH',. ule.l ; 111 tliat it is only kept as atianfoii, an. I f.iv.n
^yi,(.„ t'l, y arecume to thedoUiiiSainl, tiuy luni ollthe in this refp:\'b to /Vr.v, as the I'ortMV.s on t\w /Whry
.StreJiii .>i'.< '''"■•■ ^^''y* '""' '"K ^'i''' MattcxkM :1'hI this Coait do to Spain, ijz. to rt.ceive MaViartor-, who arj
l- nth tlu'V iMriy iiix'ii Mi!l'"< '<> certain IJ.ifon', joined to- lift thith-r to frvc ai^ainll the biJ'ums. All t!ie 'J'r.i.l( of
rith.r fv (in.ill Ch.incis \ into thefeth. y let a f-niit Stieain that '{'own umlills in f nding ten or twtlve Ship, a Year
ot \V.itcr, to lojfn tlie Kaith, ami tany all the I'.roh I'ait to /Vr«, laden with Hides, tannai Leaiher, f.lt Miar,
jw^iv. I'he W'<"" l^'ii^'iiH '" 'I"' li'ilons and throwing Corn, and other I'rovifions, which ar- to be hid h. le in
,'it.il the Stoi-.es, the Ciold at Boirom is Ihll mixed Witli great I'lenty.

a bi.xl; S.inii, and hardly to U- fceii, till it he farther ( Irareil The Port of Cvniftion is mor.: conlulerahl ■, l>y rt nfiii
•,.,; i.n:iiat;il, whicli is eafdy done. Hut tlu le VValhui!;- of their Coinmeirj with thi; Indiiiii.f, whi. h are n.-t 111' j it
nl.-siiili'.r ; for, in I title, there are (iol I (iraiiis as l»i;', ,is to t'u i'mwriiA' Sp.vn. Thefe InJi.ns are of ,1 Copp, r
Hirii-llii't 1 ami in one, belon^in';; to the Priells near /W- Colour, have I ir|'e Limits broad I'ae. -, and matf lanl;

"i>ir. 'Idv Nati. n o! tl'.e /'.v./,/iV diliir loHKv,!ut lioiu
the relt, I) catif ■ amoni^il them there are fome pn try v.hiti'i
and who have a litt'c Colour in tl'.eir Cheeks, which is lup-
poltd to Ix- owing to their havin;; Ibme l-.urcpc.in HIooil 111
tlvir Veins, i ver Imce the NaiiVes of this Couiitiy re-

found, from two or three Oiinc s to a

LicW:

Hirii

tircijc, I'lii e were

Poind ,iri! an half Weight. This Way of Keriiiip, ( iou; is
1 K'tir than troni the MifKs 1 litre is noiieniot iron
Mills, or (^iiiekiiivcr \ to that both the Trouble and
\\ .lueare mi:.h Kfs. 'I'hc C reoluns are not \u cuiious
in ttill'.i'i;ihiii' tiold, as the I'eople in l-itra^,-; I iit p,n.at
picr.ty nukes tlicm canlds in that and many othei Ar-

t'.dcs.

I ,. it wiiuld he neuilcfs to attrmjit in this Place a I'te-
f>ripiiii. ul i!;e lai^;e Kingdom of (i///, I'te.iule it haslen
a,rc-ai!y>.Meliymany Aiithots : All thatisilflij'.ned lu re, is lo
Hive liicii a Keprcfi ;;t.uiijn of it, as may enable tlic Iti „der
to coaiiiuhciul tlie Namre of its Traile, th.- Manner in
wliich It IS loanecled with the {',1 m r.il Coiiinu r. e i>f I'eni,
by which the Wtaltlu'.rawn trom it i.s tiani'mitted 10 l.tt
rsK. It is in 1 .cngth, trom Northto Soutli, about 1200
Mih, the Breadth of it very iintertaiii ; tr.c Air is very
f.:'4vra'f .ind whollcjme, iinlelii rendered othcrwife by
L\il;!ri.tialfxhalations, that arc moll common attir I'.arth-

tiiis
volted trom t!ie S/>,iiiii7rJs, and cut ofl' molt ol ilun (Ja-
rilons. They jirefived the Women, a;ul iljuially the
Nuns, wir!i whom tlu y i dhabitcil, and had many t KiMreii,
who have a fort of natural AlKcfion f.r tluir MoiheiH
Country ; and, tlioiipji th' y are too proi 1 to I'u! mil tuihu "
^p<ini(irds, yet they .nr not williig to hint tlv m, 'I'hefo
People inhibit that Rid^^'.e of the Muiinta n . wliiili tlu Y.;-
tiiarih call I. a ('vJHer,! ; an.l, as the M, inner i.i Tradinyj
with them is very liir^'.ula:', it may not Ijl' ainils tu^iv^: an
Account ot It.

When the6';i(:».v,^.>Pvd!.ir, or walkinf; Miiv!i.mt, make*
a Tour into this I ounfry, he f;oes dir. dly to tlie t ■uliiue,
or Chiet, an! pref-nts hinif.lt bcliire him wiilioDt l"pcal;m|;
a Wiad : I'he Cicitpic I'lr.iks Silence full 1 and la\'. t.»

.;akcs to which this Country is very fubjcCl. 'I he Win- th'' Mert hant. Arc you comi .' Th' n he .mlwerliy,, lain
iti l<.iins diiriiu; the Months ot May, ''Ju>i'\ July, and come. What hav. y^ni broiij,ht iiv ? reiilii"; t!ic C'acl |Ue.
.w;'!///, arc cxcellively heavy i but then, tor iijjit Months I bring you, reioin-^ the .*.'/).;«/.;;'(/, Win.- (.\ iivCllary Ar«
togdiiir, thcyhave, generally (peaking, fine Weather. The tide!; and Inch a thing. Whrrenpo:; theCacique taifi not Id
Sijil is prixligioiitly tei til.-, where it admits ot Cultivation ', fiy, '^'ou ai e welcome. I le appoints him a I ,od^ n;^ near

his own Cottai^e, where his \\ ivts an.l Cl.il. hen, bi liliny
f them alfo dem.iiiil a I'll lint, wliuii

llidi f luit-trcis as are carried thither trom J:iinfi,\ conie to
the gicat'.'rt Perfection -, to that the Iruit is coming tor-
waril jll the Year i and it is common to lee .\pjile-tues in
that ."iiiiiation, wliich we fo much admire in C)ran|];e-;ieis -,
tut is ti) liiy, with blolfoms. Apples jiill tiirmed, green
Apiks, and ripe bruit all at the tame time. 'IT.e V.ilhys,
\M.crt'-ever thcv have any Moithiie, wear a ixrp.tu.il \'er-
liiiri 1 aiul the I liils are covered with nlorit - r us I lei l>s vi ry
Utiul in I'hyiic. J here are Trees ot all li'rts and lit tor
cM.ry kinil of Ule •, mlijmuch that, inilep^endent of its
GiiU .\hre<, Chij might Ix.' well accounted one of the
ndidl and lincll Countries in the I'niverle. And, indeed,
tkrc are tome Places in it, which arc as beautiful as any
rhmj; t!ic warim ll Imagination can ]iaint : for mrt.iiu e, the
Ty»n<,i (xqutmho, in Lat. .;r/ .South, a lliort .Mile fiom
thcSi'a, llaiuiing on a t;reen riling (iioiind, about t^n
lar.is hij^h, which Natiir has regularly toinied likt a Ter-
rier, North and South, in a direiH lane, ot' mori' tli.m h dt
a Mill', turning at each Side to the I'.altward. 'J'he bill
Stmt nukes a delightful Walk, having the Profpeci of
the Country roun'l it, and the Bay kt..re it •, all tins is
Iwialy plain! in a X'alley tver green, and watereil with a
kivir ; vshic!;, taking its Kill- from among tlie Mountains,
t^.ows through theVaksand Meadows, in a winding Stream,

to the .'51 J,

Butnotwirhllandini^all thefe Advantages, this vartCoun-
!r>hv.iy thmiy inhabited; infomuch that, thnni..^h its
Whole t.xt.nt, there mv farce live Towns tli.it il'eferve

MApiKlUtion, and but one City, which IS that of .SV. - /-,. . . .. •

",?« 1 throUij;hout all the relV there are <inly Farii.s, which quered l>ulu:>:s, being the W 11 I'.its to crols the Mi
tiicy uli i)^,w,,.J, (o ,^.,,,yt,. (-pop., ,,,^^. _jj,^;,l,,,^_ fjjjj jl,j, • .- . . . ■' ■■

waoieCuiintry, as 1 have bem intormed trom gool 1 lands,
cannot railc zu.ooo Whites lit to bear .Anns, and p.irtiru-
W'V'^/. % 2000; the nit are all Melli/.i.s, Mulauos,
^■Alumi, whufe Number may be thue iinus as gre.it,
*'!i"iut imluJuig the triendly ImLtius beyond the Kiver

^""5. who are rtckoniM to amount to 15,000, whofc Fi-
^;My, however, is not much to be depended on. The

"■ode ol ihi-, Country u chietly carried on by Sea, and is,

liim welcome, ea' li ot them alio dcma
he gives, thouj'Ji nt ver f > fn all : At the iMrw time tin'
Caciqii ', with the I lorn trump, twliich he has by him, givis
noti. etohis Icattcicd Subjedis of the .Anival ol a Nler-
rhinr, with w!iom they may trade : ihy ;ome an^l lee
ti;c Commodities, whii h aie Kn'ives and A.x.--, l.ombs,
Needles, 'I'hreal, Lookingglalle.-., Ril-band.;, tv, The
b- il ot all wo'.ikl be Wine, were it not d.ii'jrroiis t.i liip-
ply thini tlurewith, to ma'.e tliem diunk ; lor tli-n they
are not fife aimng tluin, 1 ec.iiile tliey are aji: to kill oni;
another. When t!iey have .ign etl upon the I5arter, tl.ey
carry the Things he>me without pi^ingi to iliat t!ie Mir-
chant delivirr. all wit;. out ki.owirg to whom, or lliing .uiy
of his IXbtois ; In tliort, when he defigns toj',o,iway, ihe
C.icinue orders i'ayiinraby lounding t!ie I Ion; .ig.iin , ih.ii
every Man honellly brings the Cattle he owes-, and, b '-
caufe thefe conlilf of Mukr, l.o.us, and el'iniially
Oxen and Cows, lie commandsatulFicient Numlxroi M.u
to coiulucf them to th.- ^piuiijh Fiontiers. Hy wh.it h.is
been laid m.iy beoll'rvcd, that as iinich Civility .nu! I I..
nellv is to be found among tlufe People, whum w,'..:ll
Savar,es, as among tlie moll jxjlit
Niitions.

That great Number of Bullocks and Cows, whi. Ii ,11 «!
confunud in Chili, wlieri' abundance are llauglitv.rid eveiy
Year, cornes trom t'l." Pl.iins of P.trn^u..y, which aie co-
vered witii tiiem. The Pm.'./m'.s I img tlieiii thriaij',h ihe
Plain of i'd/iif.fn, iiih.ibitid by the y'/<'^i;\;.'/('j, 01 u'lcoii-
- ■- • .... ,^|,|j ij^^^

bccaufe dividtd 1; to two \ id'', of kfs diliuiilt .Acuf. ih.iii
the others, which arc almcll impalfable tor Mutes. Th. m
is anotlur, eiglity I.eaguts from J.n Coihip'.i.n, .;t the
burning Mouraain, called iS'.'/,'.; du'iili, wliuh now and-
then (alls out Fire, and lonietimes with fo gre.it a Noil;',
that it is heard in tlie City ■, ih..t Way t!ie Joiiiniy is vi ly
muth lliorrened, and they go in fix W ceks to Ihitiius .i)-i\u
By thefe Comnumicafions, t!;ey generally make good all
thcliddsot Bt. eve-, ana e:oats, wliiJi tkcy llaughtcr in

3 s C';,.';

.:iid w.lfgov.riud

■.;'(f;i:

IS:"'' ■ i

I .'It'

M t;

;n,'

i.i

2^0

nc V O Y A (i !• S fj

Book I.

■vt.

I (

CbiU by Thoiifjiuli, for Tillow ami I.anl. male hy try-
inRiipthc Fat aivl the M.irrow ol the B.-nc>. whuh,
Chroiigliout all Souib .4m<rn:i, Urvcs innrul "t IJuii-r m
Oil, not iifal by them in thnr Sauas : Tin- \U\\ i»n'<\
thir tiry in thr Sun, or in the Smoki, to pr. l.rvi' it mll.a«l
».f faiting, *< i* uful in /-M^ff. 'IhilV S aiiphtcrs alio at-
foril the HkIcs and rrpaully the (.oats sluiis,whiJith<y
<lrtl's like Mortf.o Uathcr, by thou ialii>i CrJii'iHO, ami
fint fi) /'.TH to make Shoi>, or tor other I'lts. Hi'
ful(» the Iraiie ..I llidrs, 'laliow, and Salt meat, the In-
habitants of la Ctnceptieit dial in Corn, witli whuli they,
tvtry Year, l.ide tij^ht or tm Shii-s, of forty <ir liliy l"o"»
Liirden, tor ihe I'oit of Calai) ; belidis the Mtal and Hil-
ciiit they lupi ly the /•>•<•«./' Ships with, that take in I'ro-
viilons there to proceed to I'nu, anil to return to hance.
All thiswoukl W iiKonlidiralle tor fo tine aCoiintiy, linee,
if the lontl were well imi roved, it i* lo extraoidinary
feitiic, and fo eafy to till, tliat ihey only feiatili it with tlie
Pliugh for tlie moll part, made ot one fiii(rle ertxiked
Branih of a I'rre, drawn by two Oxm i and, though the
(nam is fearer rovercd, it fcldoin pro('.ue( s lets tlian a:i
I lundredlold : Nor do tiiey t.ike any more Pains in pio-
curing their Vines to have go<xl W'mc -, but, as tlu y know
not how to glaic the Jars they put it into, tluy an fain to
pitch them, which, together witii tlie I allr ol the (ioaf-
skins, in wliich tluy eu r/ ii aNait, giv^s it a Bitternels like-
'1 reacic, and a Stent, to wh;en it is hard for Stiant;crs to
aceuftuin thcmftlves. The hruit j;rows attrr the lanv. n.an-
ncr, Without any Induftry, on their l'.iit, in (iralting; Ap-
ple? and Pears grow naturally in the NNofxiv ; ami, lonli-
deiinp tlie (Quantity ther< is i.f them, it is hard toconipre-
l;end how tlicle I'recs, fincc the Conqucll, eoiJd multiply,
and be difl'ufed into fo many Pans, it it is true, tlierc
Wire none Ixlore, as they affiim. The Muvs ol y^uihgcya
and l^t.'aiura he within lour Leagues ot this Port, and
alTord vart (^lantities of Gold -, and the J jlancia del Re,
or K'.ng's Farm, which is alfo at no preat Ditlanec, is by
very tar the moll plentiful hrjddtro, or Walliinp-place, in
all Cbi'.i, wliere there are fununmes found Lumps ot pure
tiold of a prodigious Size. '1 lu- Mountains ol La Ctr-
dlkra are reported to be a continual Chain of Mi.iis, lor
nuny hundred Miles together; wiiuh is to mudi the more
prt)lw!)lo, Ixcaule, hitherto, fi jrce a:.y of thele Mountains
have bem opened, but vail (Quantities ot MetaK have been
fou;id in them, j.aiticulatly Cop|>'.r, reiv.arkuliiy line, of
which all the Att,llei-y in the i^pamjb ll'tji India, or at kail
in the South Seas, arc call.

There is another i onfiderable Port in Cb:!i, and, ind.erd,
the mod confidtr.ible of them all, whieh is th.»t ot l'i:!p.i-
rai'o, which is i deemed one of the belt llailx.uis in the
South Seas. It lies ujwn a Kivcr, fifteen Leigues Ulow
5/. Li^c, tl'.c Capital of Cbili. To tl.is Port all" the KkIr-s
ol the * io!d .Mines Ixhiiul it, andonevcry Siile, .ire bioi^ht,
pirti' ularly Irom tliofe of '1:1;:!, which are inimeufily rich,
and lie lietween this Port and the City of S.'. lago. The
(Ji-Id lure is Icund in a very h..rii Stun;-, lome of wh.ch
fjarklef, and betrays tlie iiuhiled Trealure to the lye; txit
moll of it has not the leaft ."-ign of dold, |-.i;t ajijuars to
be an lurd harfh kind ot Sto.ie, ot vay I'ltlennt Colours,
fome wh;t^-, foiiie reJ., fn.ne black. '1 his Ore, broken t;<-
pieccs, IS ground m a Mi!l, by th-- I lelp ot Watr-r, ir.to a
grofs Powder, with whiih (.Juukliivcr isalte'w,irds n.ixul :
'J o t.'iis Parte they Ivt in a fliarj) Stream ol Wat r i whi' li
liavmg reduced it to a kr.J ol Mud, the (.irtiiy Parii^lis
are carnal oil" by the Cuirenr, .;nil tlie doi.l ur.d f^iu k-
fiiver precipitatui, by tluir own \V(i-ht, to the Bottom :
Wh n this Mud lus fatkd a Intl.- ii;to a fort of Pafle,
they put :t into a I .men Hag; llrain it very h.ini, by wIjk h
Opvratii.n the Mercury is driven out, or M le.dl ihe greaidl
Part of it ; and the Ke;iiainder ti,ey ev.ipoi.it.: by tlie 1 lelp
of I ire ; to that thry h.ive all the doltl tog.iiur in a hiile
WVdg'-, like a Pine-aj pie, ;:nd ili. ncc it ilcnves us Name
of I inn J. In order to eliar the G ;ld Irom the Silver it i:,
fiiil impregnated with, the 1 unip mull l>e run •, and then
they kni;\v the (xact Wei-lu, ami the true lin.nefs j it is
not done any otheiwife th-.re. 'J'he \S eit'htinefs of the
(iold, and the J''.u..lity of its making an Amjl,',aiiia, or
Pad' , with the Mireury, muk' s the Drols iiiimediateiy
' om it : '1 liij li an Advaiicagy the GolJ-iiiintri have
6

part

over ihotc of S.lvrr ; ll.ry every Pay I.mw what tlu-y prt;
when.is the others fometiinis do not know ii till !«(,'
Months alter, as has Iv.n l.ud in another Pla. e. ActorJ.
iiig to the N.ituie of tin- Mims, and the Kiihncis of the
\( ns every (axon, or fifty i^iintals, tli.it is, llundml-
w, iiiht, yi'Ms, tour, five, or fix (.Hiiues: When it
yu hl.s iKit two, the Miner di*:. not make gixxl his Charof,
whiili ofim hai'iKiis ; but he has a'lu It/inrtinies 0,^4
Anun.K m.ule iiim, when he nte. ts wit!> good Vems 1 tor
theliohi Mnusare,<if allMiiu-s, tholt- wliuh |'rix!iKcMctjU
theiiio(lu.Ki|ually. Th'y follow a Vein, which gmws wiiirr,
then nariower, and foiiu times leems to be loll in a fmaj
Spaieol (irouml. 'Fhis Sport ol Nature make s the Mmcri
live in Hopes ot lindii'g wh-t they c.li the Purle, btirg
the F.iiels of Veins, le. ri' h, t'.at th.y have femie unj
maeli a. Man wealthy tonct : ^U.illliislamelnrqn.ihiy |i„„t.
tims riiini tlcin ; wlmh .s ilv \< .i!l>n, th.it it isnuinrirc
to lee a(io|Mnmer rie h th.ui a Silvit ininer, or 0: ary
other Mttal, though thete Ix Klii I'xpet ce inilr.iwiret
Ireim the M;ner.d, as iV.ill K- laid here afar. For t:„j
Keafm, alfo, the Mm-rs have |arti.ular Privileges; 1,
they cannot k' fucd tei Fxecu'.'Oii ou eivil .Actouni-; ..rI
Golil pays only a twentieth t'art te) the King, \<):i i. :i
(alleel Cc :o, tiom tin Name eit a pr!\air PnU n, tei whem
the King ir.aeie the (irant, beiautc they ufi-d belorctotjy
the tilth, a. they de) of SiUe r.

(Jn the Deleent of this Mount .in, there rurs, duri-u
the Winter, or rather duii: g the rainy Seaf 1, a prifv
brisk Stream of Water, wlmh, palVng tl:ri ugl. the tjolj
Oie, walhis ,iwav abumlanee of that iieh M,tal, as it
ripers .met breaks froin its B<'el : Arei ilierelore, teir ahyut
feiui Meinths in the Year, this is ac< oui,'' done of t.hc ruhdl
I.iWaileros in Uili ; ami very Will it ii'iy, linee there «
fometinies louml IVlkts of pure Cii-M, of the \\ eight ot jji
Ounee. At /Wwj, which IS but to'ii Leagues I rum /»•/•
paruijo, there is another ndi I avael ro ; anil evrry-w't,-:,
throughout the Countiy, the Fallot a BuxA, or Rivu.et,
IS attended ineire or lels with the 1,- kiinl ot ile le'en .Miow-
crs, the riihetl (jf wlmh IJj into the Laps of the Je;u!ii,
wlio tarin or puivlute abundance eit Mi;ies and 1 avaiictiS,
which are- wrought for their BeneJit ly tlieir .Servants, 'ihe
Soil al>out (h s I'on is ex>ellive i:th a* el friiitti.l , to tii.t
toity Shipsa Yearg) (om hence to /jwid.lailen witntoi 1
and, notwithilamhiig their prudigenis F.xjvirtaiio: , tiut
Comniexlity is toeluap here, whcie Moniy at tl.e Urrt
time IS lo pkrty, that an Hng!:Jh Bulhel m y Ix- f e)iij;ht ;..(
le Is than three Shillings; ami it would b. much eiiejpcr
llill, if all the Country could be cultivated ; bi.t, as ihc/
have dry Weather tetr eight Months toi'ether, t .1- i- 1:>
peill.ble, excipt where there are Bn.ok?!, or littk Kib, ru..-
iiirg ton) the Mountaii.s tliroi gh the Vales.

But Leloie we cli fc this Sub.tCt, it may ne t Ix' anris'o
ol f ive, that there is a great Trade' cariiLel on iliioughd
Clih, lieiin the North Seas, by the \\ ay ot Huinos ..yt;
by wlmii tluy receive lime I'urcfcan Goods, an I a very
large- Belame ol Silver in Ketuin for their Connio.ii s.
This IS, p. rliaps, the gre-.iti.ll Inl.md Comnvric m iri"
Woild; tor the K0.11I, Irom liiuncs .Sra to Pciia
ifto Milis ; and, though the !)i:!ance from I alf^ir.i:/: ^<
ivjt alKjvc 160 I eagues more, yet it is croll'eel with greyer
Difficulty than all the rell ; Ix-c.-.ule they are ob|;gai toiai
that Chain ot Mountains fo often mentioned, lall-ei ly tt"
■'f.mards ].,i C(,rdii/n\i, whieli PalVage can Ix- att.nii'i J
oiuy during the three tall Months m the Year, wiv.nW
PatHige s are oj'en, anel the Merchar.ts come tr<'in .Vri:.'.'^
v.hich IS an Inland 1 own, alwut ^oo Ixagues tioni bur-'
yhrei to the City of St. %% which lies at the 0|Kn:rg
oi the l«afre-s iK.m the Coid.Iieias. This Journey tlirwi'S
the Moonta:i.s takes up fix or Uven Days, the)' not awv:
lixty I .e ague s ; and the I'lJUngers arc obliged to cariy«'i"l
the 111 no! only Piovifiens for themie Ives, ami ttxir AittxJ-
ants but Pioveiuiir likiwite tor their Mul-s, the »!"«
ko.til bung a loiitir.ual Trae:1 of Rocks and Pretii'.e '-
;inil the Country round about lo excttlively barren, J-!
wulul li) expoled to Snows in the Wmtcr, thai tlif ic " "'
living in It. I'hc Ji.urmy, however, from iV. /".i'* t''^'
Mines, ajiei from ilienee to ludl^ruifo, is uiu.illy I'" '"''
pie al.mt ; and the Mcrth ints have no.hmg to tiouik tluti'i
but the 1 car ol Haying too long, ai.d Llinj ihur I'J'^'

Ik'.-

Chap. I.

Qiptdin B K T A G K.

i^l

Il.imr tlirouijli tlw* Moiint,iiM^ ; in c.iriof wliuli, tlicy niull
li (I'lli'ol t.Hlay -It It'ilt """■ Mi'iitl'"' l<in!;<r \\\m ttuy in-
t I1.W.' '•'"' K'-'''''" *'" «'''li''V^". th.it tli^ J( uiruy. hum
lili!-i\hrfi to yiilP'iiiiifo, is tlircclly athwart the whole
Ciimmc"' ot' •'''''"'* .A>'cnirt i which is a tk.ir I'rool ot the
p. ,i,,y l-xttnt oJ thi' Spamjh I'.inplrc, wlncli nachu here
ImI) Si'4 M -Va. Oil thi! Whole, th,.u^li a very prctt
I'jit lit till- Country K' al)(<»Uitcly liifiTti ami, in loine
I'Ua wiii^fi^ " ''' iiihabit-il, tlu' I'l'oplc iln i.ot un]iiiii- j^nat
F.iituniJv yt'ti imi)iKlluinal)l^, thi- Spaniards litdtil in
C^,/) iiQiiri' ainually imimnic Klrhc^ j Iiiut, ai wc olv
1 ivullxtorc, the Country is viry thinly peoplui, anti all
the (loiil that !■. drawn Iroin the Mints, or Lavailorcs, mull
l;c clivhicii aiiiorjjil tiu-in.

Ya It is .i^rcoil, tliat a j^riat I'art of the Inhaliiianti ilo

notliciti to ahuiinil in VVialthi whuh, ho^cvir, iii.iy l)c

viry well auounttil tor, it we conliilcr, that I'liih as tluil in

I'atilf, Corn, .in.l the other Pio>lin.'t ol tlic Country, anjuire

but niuviiii!' rortunes; ani.1 luch as arc eoneeriitil m Mines

irfliiiimnily ruine-l, by launihing into tooj^ieat Ivxpt nces

iSi.it till m. But, alter all, luih as are ealy in their I. ir-

iu:i.ll.iMCts, ami, in eonfeiiui net ot' that Kale, mire to .V;.

Uv, live 111 tilth a Manner, as t'uffii itntly ilciuunlhates the

Riiliciul O///, riiitc all tiicir Utenlils, even thole that arc

null cuiniiion, arc ot pure dokl •, ami it is lx;litv.d, that

ih. \Vcalt'iotthatCi;y alone eai.ni it lall Ihort ot 20,0(10,000.

Alii! to th;s, that the (ioKl Mines are loiuiiuially iiurealing,

X1.I it is only tor w.int ot I lamls that tlu y are not wioii;; ,t

tuiminit.ly more .■\(.lvaiita[:5e, thole alrcaily liiliovtr' il, ami

r.i^ict il, being kiffieieiit to employ 40,000 Men. It may

k Ucwili* oblerveil, that the Frauds piaetiltil tor iletciv-

in;.; the King ir.cTeale daily-, and, as tli y me.iluro the

Riclio of thi' Sfanijb IFeji Indies by thi St.indanl ot the

Kind's Kcvenuf, this mull neceflarily make tin in appiar

}ioor:r thill they rally are. We have an liillante ol tMs

n til Mines ot /V/c/f, which are la.il to yield kw Silver

liui (hiy did fcrmeily •, yet, on a Computation t ir iilty

Yurs the Kin^j's annual Revenue from ihole Miies li.is

lir.'ninttd to 2:0,000 I'efos ot thirteen Rials and a (jiiarter

Ci.!)-, which (hew«, t!iat the anrua! I'luduce ot thele iVIines,

lur whiihthekgtl I )uty is paid, ainouits nc.irly to 2. ,' 00,1 00

htcijut F.i[5lit per Jnntim; and we may lioklly .lillit, that

thf King does not nceive ab<<ve halt 01 what is due : And

Ituin till'. I'.xainple we may judge of the rtft,

16. As th'. I'oli.y of the Spaniard tonfills chieHy in cn-
dtavoiinn[;, by all \Vays and .Means polFible, to rellrain the
vi!l Kich.s(jt thofe extenlivc IJomiiiions troin pafTing into
wH.T Hands, fu tlu- K:;owledge th.t o.her Nations have of
the niij^ity U'calth 01 tiiefc Countries, on the one hand , and
ot the j^rrat Demand lor European Maiuilactures ammig
tW Inhabitants on the otner, has excited almo'.l evtiy
N.iti(m in h.urop! to praitile all Mahoils poll'.ble, in otder
tiy.n a Siure in th m ; i\A this with fu giod T'tVect,
tiiw u very douhttul, whtthei any tonlidiralil,- I'.irt of
I'^.c Riches in the li'.jl fn.Hjs centres among the Inhabitants
ti\ Old Spill. Th:'. will a,ipearvery plainly to the Re.idtr,
1! '■.: conliders, that, in the hrll I'l.ice, the very Iradc ear-
■itlontrom Spain \i ot m-.iv li gre.iter Coiiliqu-nce to l-o-
r'y".ers than tn the Spaniards themltlvesi tur, as tlurc
II- t-wCo:nnia'.ities and llarce any ManulaClures in that
Co.;ntiy, the Spanijh Mirchants at Cadiz mak;- up taeir
Cart^'Kj out nt what they puich.ife from other Countries -,
'■ r.tliir, the Merchants .it Cadiz are barely I'actors for
'M h^hjb, French and Dut.h, whole (kkxIs they knd to
•fevfa, and p.iy them out ot tiie Returns ma>!e by the
H-itc Fktis. We are hkewilV to coiiliiler, that Spam iifelt
li a Country very ill provide d with foiiie of the Nei eliaries,
Jndmoll (if t!ieC\.i,veiiieiicies, ol L.ife -, fo that proiiigious
-liwoi Moiuy are aniui illy exjiorted to (jlitain ihele.

B'.;t, Uliik"! luch 1 )rawb.aks as thole we h..V-- mentioned,
"'^luchthi- i>i/i/.irjj would wi.laigly lubmit, ih re are
jjiiny others, »hkh lliey are loieed to inC.uie : 1-or lll-
I'^'f, all tht; Netrrocs tlit-y employ in their Plantations,
«hifi tvery kind ol Labour is doix by tiule fort ot I'eo-
F's -i-ltlKle Negroes, I f.iy, are punlialeil from Forcign-
trs, pjrticiilaily the hr^li/b .md Duuh, at a very large Ex-
pct^eetry Year. Add to tins, that, under I'letenee of
••■•"hingtlKm with Negroes, tliere li a tlanacllint I'raac

contimiilly faiiud on
Coalls updii th" N. '■'

IJtit, in the SvA\t
thing, but the Hl\ >
War on a'.ioiint oi th

f^m one r.nd to thr othtr of thtir

~iea.
, they were prrtry fife from every
1 s rif '' rites, ti! the lall fyneral
^ucrrll :v to th( "rowii ( f .v/i((/)n

which rreatdl a n^w Ki ' of fi.,i.fr4har"' rrade, unknown
to lornvr linus, J mi 1, thac of thi r/wi lni'-t!i.per%
who i.iriitil valt Quii li: sol litKnls li. e'liy Irom I 'iff*
into the .Smi'h .Se.is, wliult, till then, fi.. -re any of N*-
tioii hail attempted. 'Fins w.is iKvays U)o'<id tjp.n •Uh
an t vil bye by the Court of Madrid, as Ixing v!ii •♦' y re-
jHign.uit to the Inti nil ot Spain, aiul the MaXim- their
(iovernment ; hit, as thcic were m.iny Lirciiri,ll.i c, at
that time, whuh tendetfd this a kind ot nn'ffry I ' li, th(j
Spamardi wer.- torccd to lubmit to ir, I mean by Spniiardi,
the Inhabit.ints of ('Id Spain; tor, as to the Creuli.ns if
they had European Ciomis, and at a cheaper Rate, it wouki
not give tliini mil li Concern who took rlieir Mom y for
iliem. 'File lliftoryol thif. Ih-iii/j Intetlii]Hrs is in itlelf,
fo import.ii'.t, as well as curious, and is, at tin- f.ime time,
to viiy lirtlc known in Lnyjiind, that there is good Ut ilon
to Ix'lu Ve, It will prove acieptable, and le well received j
the rather bicaiii;- it is cnmpofed of fucli H rnirlis, as tell
immtdiauly within my own Sphere of Ubllrvatmn, .iiul .is
to the Iruth ol whiih I am mylelf a competent Witrufs:
So that eviiy ihii .- niay li< t.iki n lore- rtam, ;liit I .idvancc.
I may h.ive I, ave alto to put the Re.ukr in mind, that,
liav.iigagie.it liitim.iey with moll of the t>:i.(eis 1 ivtntinn,
this eiial led me to onie at m.iny I'.irtieulars, whuh another
M.in, in my iiituatioii, weuld iiive I'len alil(j!i;'.i.ly iin»c-
quaiuted witii. Kuttoiomc to .Mattcrsol .-.i^t:

Fhe 'Fown oi Si. Ma!i h.b alw.iVs bidi . ote,; for good
Frivatecrs ; Fliey annoyed the i.n^lijh m^\ Diitib veiy
nniih III til ir I'rad ■ duung the wiiole ;(< ij^n ol King //'//-
ham, and I'a t ot C!i.ieen ,;««■••, an !, tiio' foiiie reli{',ious-
\u .idid I'lople f.ir-cy, that Money got ; y I'rlvatecriiig won'c
piolper, y. t I ma, venture to f.y, the St. Malonun .ire as
nth and llouiilhing, as any People in I'rance. It his thiiveil
fo well with th' m, that all their South Sea Fradc is cwiiig
to tliir Frivateenng -, and, in the kite W.ir, th( y were li>
generous, tlut ih y ma le feveral tree (iifts to Lcivis XIV'.
And tho' our Eii^lijh A Imiralty always kept a tloiit Squa-
dron cruifing ill the .lllantic (Jcean, yet we n.ver took one
of th( ir iS'trt.-J!) .sV.;;;;^;» ; And my Realbn for it is liiis ; they
kept their -Ships extrem-ly clean, h.iving I'oris to careen. it,
wlinh we did not thin'; ot -, fur, i:i the Yiar 1709, w.,en
I belonged to hir iVlaj. Ily's Ship the 1. 00, living ore ot die
Convoys that Year to Neufcun.iland, we law u,ion tlie Coalk
a tifty-gun Ship, whieli we chafed, and loon I'.ifLOVeiecl
Ihc was Iremh built -, but fhe crouded Sail, and kit us in a
Viry little time. She li.ul jull Ix-cn cleaned at I'lacentia:
And we might w; 11 wonder to lind llu h a Ship in tnat l'..rt
(if the Woik! ; but were altervvards int.nmeil by ir,iiib
l'rironers,taat ihe was a J rc/uhinai:, and bound to.s'.. Ma!o,
Willi two or three .Million of Doll.iis .ibo rd -, and was tueii
f.) trim, th.it Ihe irulted to h r I le>ls, and vahi.d nobody.
By their cuing fo tar to Wellw.ird, and Northward withal,
tliey lud ihe Ai v..nt.ige of Wellerly Winds, which lekloin
failed Ot f-nding tliim into .Soundings at one Spirt, if not
quite home. Hut, linee Pi'aceii.'ia has been \ielded to
Cireai Britain, they now make ule (;f St. Cathariiui, the
I Hand Crandc on the Coall of Braftl, and Martiiiico in the
Heji Indies.

l his 'Fiade fiicceedcd fo will, that they all fell into ir,
ftniling every Year to the Numb, r of twenty Sail ot Ships.
I law iiiytlt ekven Sail together on tht Coall of Ciili in the
Year 17.: I, among which were levtral ot fifty Ciuns, antl
one that could mount feventy, called the J/aic'erdeLiht;
formerly a Man of War. Ihis being contrary to the .if-
ftnto 'Freaiy between Spain and Grw/ Bruaiii, Memorials
weie frecjuently prefentci! at Madrid; and the King ol Spaiiu
wiling to keep 10 his F.ngagemeiits with England, rdolved
to gMtily the Britijh Coiiit, by dellioyiiig the I'rcncb Fr.ide
to the South Sea. His Cadi/ilic Majelly knew there was
no Way to ilo this, but by a Squadron ot Mm ot War 1 he
knew alio, th.it tew of his o\mi Subjedls w<ro acquainted
with the N.ivigati()n of Cape Horn, or could bear tlie ex-
ircmi; Rigour wt the Ciimatc 5 ihtrdbrc was obliged to

luake

;,fj

< y- "lii.'T

1 ; f : " |l

m II

\ $

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i;ii wij

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MiUi' ul' III rnnir.nfM fnr ilii« l'¥(><iliii"nk .irul ilinv «'f
iIm- li-'ir .''l.i|t^ tlwt liv lint, vntv iit.t iMily ituiniuil wi«i».
UiC iiiiiiiiMiolt.l I'y. htmbiun. I In lirll w.i* clu' (>!>.»
ulln, ))l liliy (ill s 4J>.I 4110 Men, loiin.ily an l.nilijb
Mm I.I W,(r t III. Ii-ml w.i« tin- Rnh, liltydims, j.-,o
Mill. aii..i;iri / mlilb Mm- * tlu iImiiI w.i» 4 I rirt.it. oI lorcy
(mils .iiiil ,' . I iNhiii ilu" loiinli *a» c'lf /•''i /'•.■"•«i •*
>/.«/ /A .Mill 1.1 W.ir "I Imiv imii-. .hh! ^^'•> M''i'i •»'! •'•/''*
•//,»,/., M. hiuiir M.itf .1, 4 /■><•''<• liiinl'iin", *^^
CiiilMHUi'iiic ol llii* .Sliil riNi, .intl uiiniiuii'li'i th ' /'<"»•
hekt- \ M. Uj9H(fi4ifrt li.nl ilii A';..'., v tlw ml I ^lo ii«'t u^

• uliu'l. Tlh //(/(.A p.rl.iriiiui ilitir N.ivin.ifion will
4 nt.u)(li, .iii>l u« t Kiim I lIii l^ .il^ , thii" it wa^ in the MuKllc
ul SViiiiti , l.ui ilii- l.irt 1)1 till liiur, iiuiiridl by tiu' ^;>a-
nii.rjj, All r l>v.i.il AfKinplH, unilil not ^..ulitr Li\K
U'lii, liii W.I. liiiml Ivivk t.i i.i iiiva u\ H-iu; wluK,
at till, I ir '•iii|i tt.i uiiU'iiuii.iti!.. I. ill 4\^4y. It lowL .is
It, liy 1I111 r Hptilitio.!, All I'-xpcrimti.t wamiUvIc tt» lu, il
llu .'>/i.mi,ii.ii wirr li.ir.'y im u.-li to ^> tluoiinh ili» taiiUli'
Navi.'.t'.oii i I ut, 4' III. y li.ivV littl.' nr mi 1 liulc lato J"y
Hi) I i li'i .il'S 4II.I ij.iilal tu lurJ Wnik, it is no Wi.n-
lUi ill- y l.iM.I III llwt I'oinl. 1 III lii'Jiieirs^ iiulmi, .lie
».ili.,(l I J.i»*!ni'.o'i ;lu uiul, il lilt: U^n /•>•<;«. iuilUi 11
111.1 :i». I iv.ili iltuii, 111- iiU tirt.iin;y dou!)lul tiir Cupc
Willi llic tH.M flitii .Sliij'- ■. l»it ii»«- Spaniards, ia j',ui<.ral,
ivti liiiii' iU'|iiiiiinllHir l'.ilUnioi.< m .'mtrita, an grown
ill iWlii.il.' ati.l iii.ti.K'nt, ti..it it wmild Iv han) to niui an
Hilin Mii,i'» Compa ly all to [jcitorm tint Navii'.itLjn.

'I'll' |'ii.>,Uj',iui.» .>..v..iit.m>' "' llie 1 r-uli" ot Ci;/( this
N\.iy h 1.1 in..Mil.ll, tlut lus Lat!iul.LM..'Kily is olijigul
liy 1'ii.itiii to lliut out .ill Nations ..•. welt .is tiic Eiigiijl',
liiouuli In' iii.iiiis iiDihi'n; ot It liiinlill ; ami it i\ viry r.irc,
rll4' a Hfiiiiijh .Sliiji iias none by Cap- Hun : Fioni Ikiv.c
.iiilm llu I xt.aoruinary I'rite all £Vs/'m« tiotnU Utth at
ihiU .iiul /'•/». 1 iiavr Ucii loM ai /./WJ, tlut tlicy ax:

• ill. n luitl .It (((II faCott. I'lo.iti an.!, I may fiy, t'lc
Cioo.U ili.ii .lu (,iiiit\l Ironi //■.;«..• by Cape /Arn, are in
llieiiillKt* ,0 fuC.fiil. Iittir tlun tiioli- tlu: go in iIk'
Moi.i ul l.tiii to OiilLaxi'i'' or /-t^ / ''"'» Cr*; 1 brtaufe t!ie
loiMiT uu tkliv.,'ieil treil) aiul unJaina^^iii in fix Muntiis
wlurra* ilie oili r are gtmnly tii;lititn Muntlis Ixrlore
lluy taiMome UiLlilii lo that iav Fniub, ilunnj; t.'ic
iin|"i'iiii)4 I ijil., maile il.tn Markets, t'iirr.i!lii\l tlv.ni-
lelvt* wall I'roviiion, an.i };ot Hume ui;.un in twiiv; or
loiiil' en MuiiiIh eini;-. Wl-.t.i Mirtind .luise.l at Chili in
till' Vear 1717. with the Kinj; ol ^'/-luw's Connnillion to
lake oi (kilioy a'l his Luuniiyir.tn that wctc tratiiiig ilon-
thllindy, he I'lm I'lund iMnpioynKi.t lor his thri.e hhij ',
the l.iiittlilHiii^ lull,. IS I haveobkrvul, ami ot Uniricin Sail
|i| .W. Miilijiiifii, ihin was but one illajc.' Ki;ii, ihe bm\^
laitlKKkM III a little L'nek, wiicre llie lay hiii, till Ik- was
|4'i| lo l^ewari'. i alti.1 svhiih iIk weiglieil, .inil eame away
Vriih hall II! r lar^^o iiiiloki. Iliuiigh all this was to tx
tiuir llir Oruir. ol li-s Citholie M.ijeily, .iiul domy a
l< iilibk I'ttal'ute ti tiie Bntijfj S^uib .V<jCom|uny, yet the
Crciilc Sf;imtir,ls, cliKiully the tratlmt; I'art ol' them,
(iiniul iIkmiIiIsi:. anioft rviineii by it, kuiile it liiii(kie>|
III' C11.1.I.111011 ol Money, an.i Ipoilal iJiifiiulv, j',, that
Ihi y (oiiM not 1> ai liie .Si^it ol tiic //vwiAMui ot War,
Ihuuuli lliey hk'it the Ireiuh Merc!iajuni<;i will em.iigh ;
()i\ 111" Dihrr haiul, the Iremi, iinaginiiiy they h.ul lionc
the ■"■frifiiirih ilViCtjal S rvii •, cxjxCteil, no iloiibr, livil
'riralinfiit m Kctum, while they Itaul amoiij^ th.m. Hit,
U« loon ,is Martinet brouf-lit his l'r;/ti inutCaLo, aivl the
Irrihl'mrn li.iit in> ivnl tlieir i;ro|)i.r .Sl-.a'',b, they, iofg.t-
linj; tin ihil Antipath) ot the .^;(iwy/j to the i'remb Nation,
HaVi' tluihlilvib ixtravai^ant Air. alliore by tlaiieiiig aiul
ill Miking t and this Itill intcnlld theCn-olmns moreagainll
ill' in, win lallul them La\'.ithos ai.d Rer.ega.U •, toi
laihni; foul . n their o^n CountryiiKn, l-iom ctic th:ng or
l/ih.i, Ihin inuti..il (^uru 1> gruvlo high, that th ■ i'/vncA-
nidi wire loiied lo go in I'.ulies .^hrjiit /./(/w aad Ci;Ajs,
the I" liir to avoil jhiIIu tJutr.ipt s asij Ali'mntr,. A: !..li,
u young f II iiileiii.in, who was luifign on Ixjar.l liic Rub^.,
Iiii'l Nij.hiw lo Laptain 'Jcnquicie, w.is lliot In-in a Win-
ilow, and tlu Mall tadlor Kxjk Kcliige in the great Lh.;rtli
Ut (iiiliio. Miirliiiei, 'jiiijinin; and the ot'aer Laiitajir.,
joinul III a I'mtii/n to ili'- Vi. cioy, that th: Murderer
iiiii'.ht bcdthvered tj Ju'.liec : But the Vie.roy, b'.iii^ an

7/m' V Y A ci r: s of

I>(H)k I.

Arctil'idiop, would by no mean* vii.latc tlu- Rights „( t',.
thiinhto liiimoiir any btnly : I'p*'" ^^huh they ,^|fr|j
.ill tlun Mm «m Imard by puMu B<Mt o| Dm,,,^ ^^j
Iroiighi then three .ship, wuh their buxultiilev t.i h,.jr
on the lown ot Lt.'jt, threatening to dcmoiilh thrUout;«
and |-urtiliia(ions, iinleii the Aiiallin waiililmra! up or
txeiutcd. All till* Wiift.imn foukl not orevail with th.;
Vieeroy to give tin 111 any .Satislaaion, thou^^h thry ha I
leviril 1 tlier Men killed Iv lidir that (ientleman

At lall, "Jonnmert, iiiiwiliini; to iile KxtrmiitK^, 4;„| „,,
longer able to U.ir tlu I'l.ue wlure lii<\e|luw vs.ii ini;r
dacil, obiaimdol his Coniiiio lore '/jr//«.7, tlut lie na.hi
iiiak' the I' (I ol Ins Wiv hmii'-. Alxuit this tine, mjnw
latliiis, a; d many rieli I'alltmieii, were gotngitlwr/
the town ol C nupltoii, inteiuiing, whrn iliis Si|iiVri,n
lame I y, to take their I'allagv to hitrrfi k l.ir tiny p.,,,,,
t'l.it all .Shiis UjuiuI toCa|)c //„r//, mull loiuh it fx
iffiicn, or tie riaUmts, lor I'r.ivilion: II. nn _/ni.)|,.,
got llait ol his Coniino.tore, h.iving now the Advaiti.
ol ill many gixnl rallln-eis in Ins .Ship , lor, .is the Ki.
ol .V/<;/« I1.1S no Oil'... IS at ComtptiuH to igiiUr i
Money lliippcd thei, , lo it is unknown what v.ill s,„.
thole IVilkngers and MllioiMrii^ put on lioar.l the A». .
By tins Opportunity, I'le I'ailr.i ami nth rs |.',aiivil t\» .
!;reat Ai.lvar.t.ii',.s -, lirtl, they were Ipared the I'rouhlc :
.1 Voyage t.( /'.;«.;;«.) 1 r .Ua[<uUo, .iiul theiite iMvafu,
the Li.iitiiicnt to /';r/o Btllu, ot Iai f'aa Cmz, whacth .
muil Lave had th. ntotUrs vifited, to fee it tlielmk':!
to h..s Maielty w.i.s liirly .ueountui lor; and tlun ih
(avid cviiy .Shillmg ot th.it Ir.diilu), or Duty, btia..!.':,
A'w^y toueliiii lirlt m l/anit, win re no t'ogni/J'Ke ..t a.,
w.is lo le lakm ot the Atlair •, to tlut as they lavdi ■
Mokiy ot till Di.ty pay.it^le in .l/iKrua, they likoM!-.;,;
ek.ir ot' the otlur tayable in ^pmn -, Ix.aule th sL;.
arrived in FrjHte, where they put all the .MoiuyonlLui,
There was on lioard th.. Kuh, kfiiUs thel'e I'ail' j^ .s
Ml m y, a tonliderabk Sum anfing to lus L'athnlit .Ma ;;';,
lor thv Conti'eation ot the thirteen Interlopers tal^ir, :,
this Sijuaelron i all which togitlur, I wa» will li.! ti ,
a.iiounted to tuur Million ol' Dollars alvurd tlut .M ;
^^'h.lt a fine l)<x;ty then wc miHed tlnough Sl't'vaii'^^^
lli.i.it,. Coni!i;ct ' For, when this lame Ship the Kiii/y t.^;;.
us ill tlie ilaiboiir ot St. dtljrint'i, 'Jcii']u:trf\ Li
l'.iny, as I i.ii.l bitore, weie I'o inhrm, that Ik haJ r :
more than l"ix;y iouml ,\len out ot lour hu;u!re.!, loi;j;
he leiily wai al't.ud ot i.s, aiul v.oukl not (Viii limlh.
Jk.at alheretothc Watcrng-plaie, where we kept I'l." ,
and ourCooj-irs and Sailnuktrs were at Work, tJ .1
I'.id lirll artsed our Captain I .eave : Nor is tins at i.
lb.ii.g i tor, urdeiUanJ.iiig we h.-ul aCuiiloit,he was rav
111 I'ain all the time he w.is tliere, kll the .•>'.'■»■ </J (ho.:
lojlli; in.

.•\licr CapLiin .\/iir//'«..' had cle.ircd the C oalt ot .Vj
and Ci6;.V d hii Countiyinen, he lent l-.xiirils with t.-.
Ntw'5, to Madrid, his lirotht rin-l.aw Munlieiir de Cni;:
wi.o taint ly \\ .\y u\ Pcriol-ello, '/amaha, .iiul/^n-'
I'loii iliiivcring hu Mcll'ig. , the King askeil him wa-
ke lliui.l i do li.r him: l)ii.,rauj^e humbly Ug"',.!, i.i'
h.s Maiefty wou!»! |:l.;ile to give him the LoiniiiaiKl iti
Ship to go roui'.il C.i[.',- lUiH again, i le ai i.onli:.tI>' "''
iVx '/.fieri H iA l-lty (jU':» : He eaine Cull Ut Calais, wlir-
tlie Ship w.i', gettin;; rt.uly 1 hut wa.s I'urj riled to hnd m ~
KeLi.pti(j:i lioni tin irtiiil' Mirihanti, and ut.'ur Ocr;!;-
nun ol l.is Auiu.iii;t.uiee ti ruling there; lor, ai t'urcu-;
Merchants <.t Uveia! Nations int.rclUd in th -Ships Ua^s
and loiililtatid a.s a. ^r. laid, thi y unanimoully looLii i.;" '^
him, ai.d all t'lC i rftub ..Ixjard that Sqiuuron, a> 1— '
Hiitlirn, lor ferving a t'ordgn I'ower to the I'rejueK' '^
their own Count :y mm ; ar.d, while heexpei.tc.1 avali*
Cagu lonlignal ii l.ini, bmig v.li.it he aineJ at. In. lee-i-i
hniltll ijuite dil'ippoii.t..'. i lor no .Ma.i wiuli! Ihip t..^
Value ol a DoU.ir wuh luni. Capuin J ilzi^fru!-, '^'•'
was th.n at C'.;.V/, lieui^ this, m.ule hMii .) e-iiilk'trolw
I'ropolal for the I'nvikgi. ot going his luxtOlHsii, »r,uiJ
talit ab<jaril what (joud^ he couki procure in tiisi)wnNj.|>'-
Df Urtin^e, k-ing a hide eml.araireil, .iiewiitid thi.O;!c'.
and (btair.eJ at Lou it aCommiflion lor I.:ni as lt''J^
Captain. Aeconlit^Jv l!.e/ iiUJi e.! tl.e /r/.m •■''■'^,(

Aecon.i;^gly li.e/ mane.! t..i'
with i f(-«riaiid i'AWi t'l^lijh .'■•.aincn ; and g't >er)'

UJ»1

Clup. I-

(iiltnin H !•: TAG

is*?

rH)na Ihc fa;*. w!,.n nnr two Ptivjt^rrs SHietfi a.ul

'l^lldmn wa< out i)t iliolir .»>hm« tomiminolirl liy ilie
Vicrrny lit /''■rw H) < iml*" ''" »'»• /•■''^••'''•W liltl lin (io«kI<
ji /.r>i.i to ^ff^ii AilvMntagf, wh-rr h»' fontiniml, wliile
,V(,f.i»fHrHM! u.» I ajiain i -nlfr the Ailmiral /)»• Vtdra
\ti«idi, *li" t""'* niylfl*. ii'iii •In* rr(> o» u<, I'ri
Imttv Tlie •'*'' A^''-'" Mt>«">>*'"». lluninh Rrcat Surtrrrn
hy I.) mjny lonhlcaioiK, y/^ic not much ili(iouraj;ril i
t,,r in flic Year 171". *'« loiiml thi- Solomon »il .V/. Mal»,

Lirrvmn '"fy *■'"'"' *"'' *''" ^'"' "' "''*' "" '^*' ^'"'^
t,t r>i.i, with lrvcr.1l firull Sfmilh Harki at her Sti rn. She
l„:ilhirCarnf' 111 fixXNck^ tmip, Rot a Ircflj Sii|)ply ot
Provilioti, ami left thi* ( »>aH without Iiiti-rniption i ti)r by
ihiMimt Miirtinti'i Squwron w.in all mmraway.

ihc .sW«w«»'"« K""** ■*»U"'"f' H-'*''' ''"'' **'> ouragcmcnr,
ilutiliryimmaliitrly fiit-->' out loiirv.n Sail togrthiri all
wKuli iiiivfii m tl\f S..ji^' '^fi\n the l^^',lllnln^»('• ''>'■ Vear
i-'i. tlirci ol wliol' ( iiin.»mlpr% h.ivinp the Kll Ac-
cuamtann anient; tiir I r, !i,in», qui. kly (oM ihrir Car^^on,
a;ul rrtiirniii iltinic : About thi* tinv thr IVr)j)lc <j( /.ma
iii,!j;.»l thiAt^/yi I'rivatccr^ were |;om- off the C'oall, at
jriit, that no morr I loftilitic^ wouM be committcil, lie-
i :.tk ul ihc I'rijcc nuilc Iviwri n th • two Crowns ; wlurc-
ujion the three Sp.t>ii/h Men ot War, fiitcil out to i ruile
(,n u', win- orJ.rrrii ,it;.uiilt thulc (relh Intcrloix-rs, I w.is
1)11 Ixijfil the Ailvnf Uiar, (.lilcvl the /■ymg^Jh, in L'oin-
luiiy 1)1 ihc Uiil thrcr Men ot W.ir, whi 11 they came uo
With the liivrn Sail ol St. Milo all tot;cthtr, on the Coall
«,(■ Cii/i 1 and, inllrail of ririiipiipm thctii, the Spaniards
;,,!x,i tiicni like Irn'iulv The I rtmb, ix\y:i\^n^ to Ik
jrtukfil, kept all tog/thrr in a Line, anil darcil the Men
rt W,ir to lxj;in. Ihii to nic Ici iiieil new, that three
lui!i ShiiH, piirpulily litted (or thu t'rui/.e, fhoulil, on
th'iriirtiiLoall, liiiiiiie iloin^tluir Duty ; for, h.ul they
provAl too weak, they had I'ortn of their owt) under their
l^c. In Ihort, thf Men ot War contented thcnifelves to
witrhth: othrri Motion, keeping them always in Sight •,
and, when .my ol the trench Ships llcercd to the Shore,
t\\i: ^fsn.trdi fent their Pinnace, or Long Ixi.ir, with the
.\f<iw/i Floj; hoifted i the Sight of' which etVeLlually de-
iT't'it the Creoles from treating or trailing with the hrencb.
Thus thry made rtiift to hinder all tin li- Ships difpfing of
ihi ir Goals, cxfept thry were met by chance at Sea, anil
Kild l'u;ne clanltltiiKly. At length, being tired out, the
lrtHihm,n fjit L.-ave to lake in I'roviCion, and went Home
wit., at Iialt half their (ioods untold. Notwithllanding all
tw, and the rev(rc Kdiets a<',aintl it m h'rance, I know
t!itv Ihll continue the Tr.ide, tho* privately ; nor is it pro-
^^!l!c thf y Will ever Icive otJ To lucrative aCuinnicrce, tx-
({;'• lonie oihrr Power prevent it.

1- I Hull now rrtiirn to my own AlTalrs, and the man-
r.r()in;yR(tiirii from ih.it I'art nf the World : A i-lam
K;litioii ot whiili will Im' a lutiicrnt Udutatioii ot wh.it
Vi;ain SMiodf has lieen pleafed to d(liv<r to the World
■ ii:'vK<K)k ii[K)n this Sill jert. I have acknowlei'.ged the
Liu. ktirption I met wit!) tiom the Admir.il ot the South
^eis and the Ueaton ol his treanng us li) civilly. In
'! vi:i Mimths time th.it I n.niir.ii-ii at 1 una, 1 think it is
^ut fullK-e to mention th'' I'-veral I'avours I received, par-
tiulirly trnni Don •Ju.m Baptijla I'a.'acia, a Native of
({■■S and Knijiht ot f!r C)rd<T ot Sr. yames, who lame
wttKiy to the I'nion while we were there, and gave .Monty
t» au of m, according to our l-v-ral UegrcA. Caprain
'^■'■'■'t hlz^fraU yrt^uTtd my liilaigemeiit by bediming
• fci:r ty tiir me, gave mrMomy, and tiirnilhed me witli
""''■'f"^'heii>''liir\\.ird to the time ot my Departure;
iw give not only me, but twenty more, a Pad'.ige to
'-J-;m a ,vy,.„„y^ Advire-lx.ar, (.illed the IlyiniJiJh -,
>"" I'filui, our Surgeon's Mate, .ii'ted as Surgeon in her,
r.c;v:ij;\V.,rri<i., a,„i |;, ,|u| all „i,r M,n, km;; relealed
" 'iunlunt...iiri(l 111 n.ivig,itingthe Willi home.' h.rmy
|.i'i, ai i w.s wJI ire.it.-.l, I would not eat the Bread ot"
i.:Ki.fiv, but ke|tiny W.iiehes, as i.tluT OiKceis : And,
R',^ Where IS the Harm ot' all this? Though . s7W;r<lc
•^"■'fMupi.'iry Miall It Tre.ilun ; .md it mult app-ira
^1; iiulieiuu,s eiurg,-, as well as an ignoract oiv, that,
r'"', •"' '"'' '^■•11 driv( n amongil the I'.nemv, he mull
^^»..ed a iL-iltor luf bein^ uk'd kui.llv, an<i a.uptiiig

IMJ. 1-

his P.ifTige buk aRain , that, bcc.iiifi- I w.is not murdfreil
thrir, I ought to be cxccufed at licini ' I his is iMv»(kt*%
Hreat Lhrilfuiiify, and rchkI font, lent e ' Huf, to return
to what I was faying ; On my Arnval at CiJn, Captain
Jilm hvfrs, of the Rntannia, gave mc hn Table, anj
tny PalLige to l.findon •. where, uikhi my Arrival, and the
Krprelentation of my I larillliips, the lolluwing Perlbns of
Honour and Dillimbon were phafed to exprefs their Con-
cern for my Sufferings, by making me a Prefent each of
ten (lUineasi iiz, hdwarj //ughi, ll'iltiam Slfer, anil
^ItxandfrSirnhrtu, tiquirei ; SumutHI'indtr, Btak tt''indtr,
lltnry Ntal, and 'John Harnn, Merchants \ Humphry
Thayer, and Thomas Stratfield, Driiggilh. This alTorded
me ilie Satislaiftion of keing, that liich as were the bell
Judges, hail a proper Idea of thi Miltrici 1 had tuftained,
and approved of the Manner in which I behaved, the only
Conlolation which I could receive in the Cirtutnllancci \n
which that unfortunate Voyafv left me. The fair Account
I have given of l-.u tv, the Detail of my Proieedings in
the Spanijh It'iji India, anJ the Ace juiit of what i ob-
lerved worthy of Notice during my Stay in thofe Parti,
will, I hope, acquit me in the Opinion of every candid
and impartial Reader, from the Alperlions thrown upon
me in Shdvr.ikt's Hook ; and acquire me, what every Man
wouki with t.i have, the Approbation of him, to whom,
of his own free Choice, he fubmits the Cenfure of hi*
Actions.

As we havt already p.iven the Rcailer our Remarks on
the Voyages ot Cltppcrtcn and Shthake, we lliall not detain
him Very long in our Ri marks ujxm Mr. Beta)^b'% Narrative,
which contains, however, fome thnij'.s of tucii Importance,
th.it they cannot be flipped over without ReH(.\ion. In
the lirll I'l.ice, let it be obferved, that he h.is fully fliewn
us the Navigation round Cape Horn is lu) Inch dangerous,
no t'uch wonderoiis Voyage, as lome Peoi'ic- would make
it. If twenty Ships from Si. Mtle could perform it in one
Year, and not a fingle N'cliel cither <>tipwrtckcd, or put
baik, what fhould hinder, not xn knglijh Ship, but an
Enj^lifh Meet, froin doing the liirv, it the Service of the
Nation required it ? Mull it ik infpire Strangers with a
very indifferent Opinion of the "" sill and Courage of Eng-
lift) Seamen, when they hear, that our ftoutetl Ships take
Shelter, like the Spaniards, whom we fo much dtlpife, in
the River of Plate, or in the Ports of Brafil, and rclin-
quifti, as impradticable, a N'oyage which a French Pri-
vateer can make at Pleafure ? Wili it not .ified the Heart
of every Engtifl}man, who has not loll all Jeaioufy tor his
Country's Honour, when he thinks ot this? And can he
lie blamed, either tor thinking, orexprelTing his vSentiment.s,
by any wh^i have the kail Concern for their Country's
(ilory ? Could Drake and Cmdifl), in an Englift) Bark, do
more than an t.ngUftj M.in of VVar can now ? What Days
tluii were thole of Elizai'eth, and how juiV that ignomi-
nious San aim of :\ iroub VViti That the l-'nglilli cf the
prefent .Ige are no more iomparabU to their Anccllor,5, than
the Italians to the old Romans ! Happy, happy, for us,
that we luve llill a St a man left, who has wiped oft' this
Reproach, and Ihewn, that the Race of Heroes is not
extinct ; that we have a Drake and Qindi/h (I will not add
more, for liar of otVending his Mixkllyj in Admiral
Ansov, that great, that fortunate Commander, who enjoys
this lingular beliciiy, in an Age of Sloth, Luxury, and
Corruption, that his F.asf. is the Rcfult of his La dock,
that his 'i'l ri.t: is the Reward of his Merit, and that his
Wkai.th does 1 loNocR to his Country I

But to return from fo plealing a Digrellion, to what is
more immediately our Subject. We lee, from Captain
Retagh's Aciount, with how much b'afe the Freneb nArnviX
on a priKligious Trade to the South Seas, at a Time when
the Appe.irance of an F.r.\'Jiih Ship there wis conlidered as
a Prodigy. H.id tlic Ircub any mote Right t.'ian wc, or
can theCatholic King give tht in a bettcrRightjt he wcuki ?
It the pre.lervmg to Spam ancxckifive Right to the Richci
of /Imema be, as ibmriiines it has been, allerted to be tho
common Interell of all the /rotf/iM/zPoweis, but tlj)ei.ially
of the l-.nghjh and Dutch, I low come the French to invade
It without exciting tl'..it Jtaloiily, the IVar of which is
pretended to be a Motive I'ullii leiu to hinder us from m.ike-
ing tuch an Attempt ? Arj the Riches ot the IhIcs, m
• 1" Froub

infli

;«

!!,:^';IS''

^f[lli|'!j'iii

t !;

I llt'l'

i.V

11 I

>fi

Wit,

" ''■ CM i'l ' I

«,'■:?

li^.

Iratcb

The V C) Y A C^ E S ./

lkK)k I.

h 1 lanJs, Itfs ilangerouj to tlic Peace of L^rof( tli.iii
mours? Would tlicy more alVcd thcr Balance- <it I'ower,
woulii they criatf gnatcr Caufe tor the States ot turcpt
to be uneafy ? Surely not. It is plai i, tliat i-rj/.vc ii(x-s not
feck Wealth with a View to make her Peoi'le ruh ami
happy, but from quite a diftercnt Motive, to extent; tin-
Power of her King, to increale the Nunilier ot ins Sub-
je^^s, and to gain an Influcr re dcflruftivo to the l-reevioni
of other Naticns. It ihc- Weahh cf the hdui nnill, by
the \iolence of War, or any other Auuient whatt ver, be
diverted from Sailing into tlx Sf^awjb t otTers, whylhouid
it not come imm.diatily uito tiic fiandiot the En^Iij/j and
Duub ?

Amnngd them it would not be ejtpended to the Pctri-
ment of others, but tor the p ncral i.iood ot their Sub-
jc(5ts; It would be \\^\M in improving their native Coun-
tries, in coiivertin.; ivery Walle, eviiy C'oinmon, into a
rich .uid plentilul iuKiot Hulluiulryol fonir foit or other,
and in nuking the Ovneis of l.sMd at Home, thy b.tta
Jbr what w\i5 acquired at tlieir l'x[nnee Al'Ttwd. '1 he Ma
ruim. Powers have oiten fuppoitcd, Init never att.nijitul
to fuDJev't, tiuir Neighlxjurs j it is not a(;reea!)le to thi' Ma-
xims ot their (.ioveriimcnt •, nay nmre, it is abfolutely re-
pi:gn.i:.t to thoi;- ot thtir Inteieft. Such Stat.s as deiKiid
upon Commtree, mull always defire to lee other Nations
as tree as themfelves ; iKca.ife thtre can Ik- no S.ilety r.or
Profit in Jcaliiigwith Slaves. Suth as foul thtir IhkkIs ii to
Countries under arl->itraiy (iovernn.ent, run a double H.i-
za.d, tha' of feilii.g t:ie Weight of fuch a Goveuiir. nt,
and of mtcnng witii no Uetuins, if tiny ihould elcap the
lirll Danger. It is iinpolfiLle, tliat .^l.^ves ihould be n.h -,
Captain Hcu>ib\ Ri niaiks are a I'roof of it : He llu w^ us,
that the liaplels Indidm o\ AmnuaxX': miferal-le in the hnell
Ciinute, Ihirvirg in the richtll Soil, an>l iiuiigcnt amongll
Mines of Gol.l and Silver, wlure they work, nay, work
themf.ives to Death, tor tlie Bencht of others. He Ihews
\cu, that this is tl.e Kduit ol tlie Tyranny ol the >[>an:J}.>
Cj.A-tn.ment -, but 1 \m;1 Ihov you more, the IndhiHs in
Aufriia are what Eu>:j>(dm mull b.-, d the InlUien^e ot
J-'tanu prevails.

Of all Nations, therefore, the /-rc«Ziluve the leaft li-
tle, though hithi.-rto they have had the bell Luik, in be-
coming Ir.terlopcis in the South Seas. My Arguments
have the Lir.t Weiylu, wlnthcr it be War or I'eatc. Wc
are wanting to oiiil'lves, it, while wc contend with tlum
in E>'.r''pf tor our Lilxitus, wj lufier them to draw troin
the //■<// InJifs v\c Means of Oppri (ling. Tli.y have,
fince ttl-^ prellnt War iHgin, ha.i r^eourf: to the old
Method : The Si. Malomcn are a^^.uii abroad ; ajui it is
the great .Scheme ot the lr(n<b Minillry, to fii[ ply the
vad 1- xpv-nces of the prelei.t War, trom the fair.e .^l/Uree
which lupplied the iail •, which rep.ders our Attention to
this Aceount lo much tiie more neccllary. But, in a tim-;
of War, we have it ceuiinly m our Power to deprive
theni it this, as ot moll other Uilources. We r.m kml
our Irigatis thitiur, as will as the S,unt MaUnhn ; ..r,d
we might make it worth the whilt of our .Men h.iiits to fend
Ships l.idci) wit;i proper (joo.!s uikI'T their Convoy. This
would have a double ILtlVct ■, ii would anr.oy the 1- nemy,
and enricli our own People ; It wi,uld anfwer tlie (^i. Ilion
that the iV..'/iy/j Trader [ui toCaj)tain ^betvockc, irz. \\ he-
rher the brr.tjh MercJui,is were ail alleep, or too iich to
nund Trade any longer, that they luti- nd the Irencb I'cd-
lars to run aw ly wi,!. the Wealth of Cbilt and l'<ru r It
W.IS a Wile and well-put (^itihun ; fcr wiicn we jie at
War With 6/.i/«, wiien all the l-.tteCts ot Tre-itics au iol-
pendd on lier .Side, it is Certainly not lawtul only, but a
P;e;e of Juftiee due to ourlelve', to rt pair that neeeiiary
l.o,s eil I'radr, whiih is the Lonfequentc ol a Sp.mtlb
War, by proteaing another futt of Trade, a Trade in the
.South .Seas (11 Litg^ijh Bottoms.

In time of Peace w< have a ink-, by rreaties, tliat ne-
ver fan ixp.ie, or loll- thiir l-or:.e, to exclude the Irencb

iwers in tiie Tieaty yt Uirc.bt. h is by tiic Conteiliouj

made in th.it Treaty, that he is known to, and arknow.
ledged by, US, and thr other contr.iding Powers, lorKtiv
ot Sptitn i and whenever he lire.iks throiit;h thife Coiuu^
(ions, or attempts to refund iluin, he lofisall litletohh
Crown uiuUr th.it Treaty, which is the vuy 1 itlc [!,_,[ |
pietelleb to hoKi by, and without whivh he wonk] he „,
moie ilian a N'iicroy tu ins Neiglibour and Nrnjitw (■'.
King of Ji.^iite. It IS tor this Kealitn, and Ixcaule, js .,f'„'
dent Men, liny cannot litip lorelUing to iiow low a Stut
there Country mull be leduied, that the Sji.iniffj liiai,j,j.^
always mlill upon the fame I'oint. !-or tii>,' Spnin Hh,,; ;
loll the Money equally lx)th ways -, tliat is to lay, ^\^^y',]\
li.ivethe fime Bal.ime ot I'lade agaiiill her by theom.
iiary M: tli -d ot lending (ux its tioni Cadiz, and hy i|v
extraoniin.iiy Method ol tlieir iHing tarried Ijy the /•>£»,;
with tiic Pci million, or .it leall by the Connivance, ofih'
.S>«/,Z> Court -, yet iS";).;;« wouKl grc.itly lulfirby fuh j
Commerce: Becaule, m the litll Place, i ho' Die is not a».
loiute M:ftrel'sof the Money, Ihe Itill enjoys tin- Inp.u.ri.
tli.it :\fu!ts from tlie Dillnbution of it, which, to iVo'ii-
m tlic Coini.iion the Spar.i.vdi now are, is ot viry "rtjt
Contiquence -, to fay tlie Truth, it is of tlie lull Vonlt-
quence i tor Int'uenic is a Species of Power, and a.-nuf;
t!ie only Species ot Power the Spaiii.irds cm nianim- \vit;i
l.ifcilt ; and th: re is Keali n theret'Te to Ix liive, that w.hcn-
ever this Cio-.vn is in l'...rnill inclined to a l'e.ice, (lie vs:J
no: hciitate a Mciiv nt at rem win;; this Tlxclnl'on ol t!r
l-'rcit.b, which is as inutli Ik r Interell, as it is ours, anda
Point ol fucli Conlcquence to other Eiorj^rnn Statis, t!.at
it never can lie j^iveii up, while they arc relolvtii to m.ir..
tain tlieir 1 ..U ity .iiid Independi ncy.

I know very well, liut it may l>c objeCt.d, that t-'c
Iretiib 1 i.idi to tlie Soutli Seas ruined itieil ; hut istoLv,
the hi<iub Iiiii rlr.pers 1^ nt fuch vail Quantities ui /■.uTcpas
Good', into the Sptui/pj H'ejt Indits, that at l.dl they wcnid
not fell lor piiiiu-C(<lt i and that this i liui cd the humi
Court to comply svitli repeated kcmonl'ra.ces Iroir. m
I'i Spain, and to co/;cur in piohibitirg ti.is lilkit Trauc.
Hut this IS very fallai lous Reafomng i tor, li t us co-.i:;:
hrll, what It was induced the Iremb to overtrade &iz-
feiviSi anc. tins, on .ill Hands, is allowed to bet:;e;ro-
digious CJain ot tlie lirll iraden. I'hele then w. rc-il
fate-, tiic hemb, as a Nation, had j>oirell<-d tlieniUlvts .1
lo nuny .Millions ot Silver, in Keturn for Goo.is av}, Mi-
nutactures 1 that is to lay, tiny were [KjlltlKd ol an ■.•:•.•
menfe Mais of foiid, intrinlic, and (Hrniinent TreaU.r,
inliead ol th-.- Uibbrvls, l,.ues, anil other B.iu!<lcs, ih-.y
had lent abroad. 1 his was tlieir Prolit, and we know .lu*
much they mull K the better for it. Let us next mnlliicr
thiirl.olii: They expjrtcd a vail (.Ji^untity of the lam:
kind ot (ioods, an.! iiceived for tli; in no more thiniiiV
weie Worth. 'This mit^iit, and poliib'y did, alfect tr
Mercliai.is ; but tiie iumb Natioii gained as befire, ■:.■'.
lo mucii indeed, luit Ihll It was (tain. 'The (icKnis w.-:
convened into Silver i and thole wlio were empioyiV. : i
making up tiicle Goosis, rrniaii.ed poU'clVil of what thv
received K,r tlum : W.ll ai.y Man f.iy, ti)..t tills was r -.
a ii.ii;lity A ivaiitagc to luni.e ? D.d it not iiuk ■ the 1': ,-
j !e i:> gr.neral ii. h f .' Did it i.ot make Mor.iy ciraj:,:!
Did It not put it III the Power ol tlie Iremb Wm^ tu : ;.-
'I'axcs? And, wliicn is ol the grcatell Contniutiice tw .,
and to them, did it no: contribute to t!icSu| [tort a-d Im-
provement ot the Ireiub Matiulaclures, ami the \'.v.. :
aiul deltn.ym; tii()l ol this Nation, \Mtli w.'iiili tic . '•
r.iards in ..mtrua would have othcrwiie iiiii, by t:r V..i<
ol Crf.;;.-., fup'^lieil .' J I is pl.iinly 111 ws, what ajici':.--
oui ['m. n i.t lefidted to //.;>;.■.' ly tnis I lade, aiul huw li't^
a Ixils wt lutiereit tJe.-ieby \ lor tlio' it be ceitair.ly in,
that l\\c Sp^uiLirds \n .Imoua will always pieUi /"/(,■'
Goods, when thry get th iii, yet this I'uiereiice is oit ui
the I .;;e, when the M.uka is o.;ly lU^k-d with /V.'..'.
Belidrs, w.icn Things c.tii.e to that Pals, whi.h t;ic.'/i':.''
Coiii|-iain ol, tlut then tioods pioduied little or iiut';e;;,
we lull. red much mote than they ; tor the ^taniafui .-
th.ii Tian-.s lull ct hremhCcnys, for which iliey haiii^''
ai fume Hate or other, becuulL broui^lit in Heitb liotton:*
to ihcir Very Door; w.,ilr mir G.o.is, by the Ww u!
QiJiz, and U|>oii whr h the .Sp.initii Ii leceived Treij^lit, uV
rotting in our iacio;'. Waitiioules. and would ttldi "^

Chap. I.

Captain B e t a g k.

2.SS'

I' uc at all. It muft be confcifed, that thcfe Reflections
l/ivc not nv.icli to do with the \'oya(;e roumi the VVorlil ;
W [Iky luvc-a very near Relation ti< the great l''.iui ot .ill
,iirKi..i-1i!ig. all our Study, all our Kndtavours, I me.in
... s^rvia lit our Couiitiy. I look upon it as the llioiiuell
l{;i ii'.iiiu!ui.itionot Capum lidngh's Book, th.u he iiet;-
I iS iin OpiHJitiiiiity of rci)ortug what may lie ulltul,
\\ thi.' m.i"y 'I'hinjis ■ •■ ■

a:rv'n;;ii

by repre!'c;uiny them as tiie molt lelt-intcR-lbi.1
' m thf Wurl'J.

h( lelK us that are curious aii.l
-.uru.ivii''. I'licre is an Ain^t' Sincrrity in wh.it he lays,
t';,,t iiiuii aila^ '^■vtry ReaJeri aiul ihcReadinels witii wr.itli
li' .iiki'.iiwliii'4ed tlic OL>ligations lie- received, is lurtkitnc
t'l luiiunce us t!i.it he wa.s t'.ir from King of a liiriy, or an
(HWous Dilpol'tK'n. 'Ihc ClvilitKs he uieivcd tioni the
yMi.irdj, arc very handfomcly rt paid by the Candour with
which he owr.s, aiui the Giatitude he iXj^nllis for them,
llis AcTOiiMt of their Conduct at Sea .ippe.irs pcrleciiy
iullaiiJ natur.il i he commemls the Cjcn. loHty of their
biTcts, and cnllires that want of" Skill and C'oura|:;e, wiiich
air t!ic Reproach of their beamtn in tlie // Vy/ Jn.,ici. 1 lis
Chaixti rs of thj Freiub aie equally curious and pk al'aiu -,
:;;u' i dare fay, he has done them all tiie Juflice ihey de
:'.rvt.'
iVi pi

I i\A \v,ll-i.ii;h lYipt ovcra very ufelul .iiid important 1 lint,

giv.n I7 Rttiv^b in his Account •, which, however, deleives

i).:rt,a;iar Netice. It is, as to the great Ul'.- the Fnmu

ir.'.dfot' Pliiuncia, while it was in thir Han. Is, i)y car-

rv;:v'i;i thi. hit their Homeward-hound South Sea-men to

tiiii ami cari.cn them •, lb that afterwards they were in no

I'a'!! h'rthc EHglifi Men ot \S'ar that might he upon the

Coal. This flaws the IJletulncls of the l-'ienib Settle-

rc,it.s in thole Parts in a new iJgSt, and fully informs us

ol til.' lm[H)rtancj of defindlng Ncwfoundlunii, and A'otrt

^ ;;;.;, at a.ny rate, a,s the only means of hindeiing them

iMiii iradifirg the fame ■riii!:g again. On,: e.mnot help

xionArin;;, on the I'srufal ol the Naval Hiftory of Great

h:inr., to fiiu! tiiis Kx;'ufe ol d\:M\ Ships perpetually of-

: :vi', to liive tiie Keput.aion of our C'ruifers, either in lin-

i;io.S::i[is or ."squaJioiib : And, ii deed, Mr. Secretary liur-

d;i tc.is lis plainly, tliat the Ri.if'oii why our Men of War

li, kkioni c.id wiiat was expected from them, was owing

tj thtir \x\v.^ foul Ships, whereas t!ie Kiiemii s Wllels were

a>va\s dean. In the Lourfeof that War, there was fcarce

.n Inliincc ot any of thefe St. Ma!o Ships t.ik. n •, which

IS very lurprilinj:, lince the Fleets, fiom moll of our Colo-

ri.s, tell of'tcii, cither in whole, or in part, into the tne-

!r.i:s UanJs.

liut it thell- lii( ky Ufi aix"! of theirs depend, as they rer-

t.i.n'ydu, on their Ships Ixii,;; ckaiur, aril in better Trim,

th.mour>, then it is plairf this Advantage may be t.iken

t.-om thim, if we ran prevent their g' tting into ar.y I'orts,

».'..c they may clean or careen. I'hueniia is at piefent in

LU: I laiuls, and c.mnot b-- loll, but thiough the wane of

.Ittintiuii. W'e have, moll certainly, a Nav.il Power li:f"-

riv.T.t to pruted all our Colonies ; and, at the fame time,

t ' :i urc .^hips eno'.ii^h to cruil'e off tlie llkind of .SV. Qitha

rtt;':, or the Ktc (iranjf, on the Co.ift of' Bra/ii, in ordvr

t'l prtvciit the Iraiib Irom careening tlure, where they

m.t With much lel.> Cot-.vcnier.cy, than in any I'orts 01 their

'ftn. In the .\lunth <jt January lall, they loll one ot their

!)ll oi.tward ixnind Ships, at the Mouth of the lall-men-

!;..na! Kivcr ■, llic w.is called the Mircbioncft d' .InUii,

lalca from Cada lalt O.Vo/'^r, and was loll on .\>:r Tear'i-

i-^\ h-r wl.ok Crew, loililling of 400 Men, were

I'ruwr.d, together with tw^iity-lour Jefuiis, .ind lourteen

Mi!!oii.irKs th,ir Were on board her, the Value of her

Ca'gu leiiig alvjut a .Million of Pieces of I'.ight. She was

'"• ijl the hill /•/<-«, //Ships hcenfed by the King of Spain

iii^-f the preknt W ar began. A t'mall Siju.uiron, cruiliiig

fi"c at the iiroper .Sealoiik of the Year, might be Hire to

"■'Ca Willi the irencb Ships, going out or coming I ionic •,

1:1'. nthcr way they mutl prove rich Prizes, lince i.urop.an

^'"|^.s come to a quick Market on the Ci>.ill ol liraft!.,

'■^ '■ t-K t..king fuch an Interloper, laves a Voyage to the

*u!ii .Seas.

■U iluve mentioned the I.ofs of this /rM.fc Ship in her
"yMtti; from CaMz to the South .Vcas, it may not l)e amifs
'I' '■ilwn ti;r Enghfi Ke.ider of the |)ilhn«ion between the
• ■""'«'«'••. i.'ut proceed witl» Licences, and the Inter-

lopers. T'huc is a re|>ul.ir and tonO.int Corn fpondencc
larricd on between St. Malo and Cadiz. The /-wa/j Ships
I any thither all forts of Goods of the M.i;:u!acture of
th.it Kingdom, from the rich Brocades ol l.:o>is and^Ictirs,
to the llight Stiifis of //miens. All thefe .lie lint to the ll'ejt
liidii-s ill the regul.ir \N'ay -, and, in about ejj'.htLcn Months,
the St. .Makwcii e.ii ry home the Retu'ii hum America, con-
filling ot Gohl, Silver, Cochineal, Ii.dip,o, Hying-woods,
aivl oiiier rich Cc.inmoiitics, to the An.oiir.t of from i{:Vi:n
to twiK e Millions, or tii.o.ouo /. of oi;r Money. In times
of War, till- Spanijb Machants arc glad to employ fbmc of
th le St. ALilutiKu, which are always ilout large Ships, and
Will ec]iiijip'ed, to <>o to huenos ,hra, or any other Port,
sith a Ca.go from CidiZ ; .iiid thefe are tlij licenfcd Ships.
But, as this Intercour;i- gives the Captains of thelc St.
.\lalcn::n,x perfect Knowkilge of the // (/' h:dia Commerce,
they fieiiuei'.tly go thither, without Licence, on their own
Account i ami this !■> wlut is properly called Interloping.

'Time are, how. ver, a tliird Sort of Ships that go from
this Pert ; viz. fuch as arc fitted out diredtly from 67.
Alalo for the Soutii Seas, by PermiiHon of the Spanijb
Court, which is but rarely granted, as being diredtly
agair.fl Treatr s. T'here h.is been of late, indeed, a Scheme
projeded in Irancc for ertal.lilhing an Affunto Company at
St. Mn!o, 10 whom the Commerce of our South Sea C'oni-
[i.iny, ;is f.itled by the L'tnibt Trcuty, is to be transferred ;
but, perhaps, letere the I'ind of the War, we may oblige
the Spaniards to tliink ol lijme other Expedient. iVll th:;i,
however, coi.trilutcs to 111; \v, how fall tlie French are
growing upon us in this Bianch of Traiic, and how much
It impros'cs and incre.'.les their Seamen, at the fame time
that It r.iiies tluir Reput.it-on for maritime Skill, while
there are i luncircds of People, at this fingle Port, capable
of carrying a Ship round C.ipe //o;v;, wiiicii, to the iS'/irf-
niards, ami liiiue othir N.itions, appears lo trightlul a Na-
vigation. Hut the belt way, beyond Quelliun, to deal
with the St. Ma/omen, is to lend Ibme Men of War, or
Pri.atcer?, into the South Seas, with 'Tenders, laden with
G(jods and Provifions, which mull necelVarily pn duce
great Returns lioin th. ir 'Tr.ide, and their Prizes, at the
lame time that it would facilitate the making Dilcovcrics
in thelc: Seas, ami exen ile our Sailors in a fort ot Na-
vigation, whieh, through IVifule, is almortforgotten; for,
by an uiuiccountabli: I'lcce of ill Luck, fmce our erecting a
Company for carrying on that Commerce, there luus fcarce
been an l\^ltjh Ship, except thofe mentior.eei in the twe)
laft Sections leen in the Si.uth Seas ; fo t!ut theic .ire
various Rcafons for renewing this kind i;t Navigation,
which could not Ix' any-where lo properly laid open, .is at
the Clofe of thefe Remarks of Captain lu-tu^;b, who Ijems tej
have had the fame thing in\'iew,anel to have written them
with no other Delign, than to induce hi. Lountrymen to
flruggle foraSiiare in tli.it Trade i with tiie V.ilueof v;iiich,
ami the Poliibiiity of impioving it, his long Stay in thoie
Cciumries lud m.ide him lo perflcUy .lequiint.-d.

We have now run intiiely through the 1 lilTary of the
Circum-navigators, lb tar .is tl.ey have bjcn hitherto pub-
lillied in our Langu.igei luving .dlb m.u'.e ulc of fuch
forei-m Ailiftance as \sas neiiiVary to render them moro
complete. The regular Oivier in which they lie, enabks
the Re-ider to take in ai ouec lin; Wliole ot this kind e)t
1 lillory, fo as to be able tei digell and compare tluir ii)if-
coverics, aiul projxjrtion the Pr.ulls due to every one ct
tliofe gie.a C«)inmanders. 1 le will, doubikls, mak.' many
Obfei v.iti.Mis [h.it h.ive e leaped ire ; but there are ibme tew.

rrl.itive to this general I lillory, wiiich ircline m to O'li-
clueic this Section, with recommending them to his N( tice :
In the tirll Pkice, 1 think it very memoiable, that this Art
of failing lound the Cilobe, was not, as ibme other Arts
arc, theLrteCt of a lucky Accident, and iVruerk out by_
Chance, b.ut proceeded fr<>in the juiicious Obleivatu>n of
th.u great and wife Man CV«'/.i'«.f, who, for practical .md
uletul Knowledge, was Icarcc ever eeiualled, and never
exceeded. M^ig^lUin, wlio p^rfeital what the other had
begun, and pafUd through tli.ii Streight, which will pie-
feive his Memory as li>ng .is the \s oikl lalts, did ncit pro-
ceed by (iucfs, or at Random, but purlued his Pilcovery
with flwei Ditliculti-s than loine h.ive met with, who have

followed him. . ,,

WX i '''IbIi'
filMi'|!|]|ifi^

■ ^n'fii^

tJ I 1411.

% m

!"!■;'■■!; i,i'

' ft

1^6

7hc V () Y A C; F S of

Book I.

All thdV Piuov.ri.s Ii.H lum, thing in tlicin twlilf and
furpnlio!.', i tJKV txiital .i gcniKnis iMiniLuion aiiv.rf; all
j;rc,it Miiuls ot tli.it .\|*c .ill Eiocpe nver ; inllirinj^ h ihnt
wf fvrry-wlR'n- lii-.ir d' Attciujits of that kuid, Inni m
that wo may n Ur tli • Att; tni'ts tor liiulii'i^a North calt aiui
;i \ortli-w(-ll ralVaiV to the Indies, whuh, iii I ait. wo'.iM
have provvil Init a mw K.aitrtor aCiivimi-naviji,ation,lHin[',
all loumial on the laint i'nntii'lc, ih.it tli<ic arc I'allaRis
troni oiH- OuMii to the other at both i'oKs. VVhiic this
.Spnr ptevaile.!. t!ie I'lMOtiix ot Navii;.itioii grew toi'<r-
iivtioM, ami dule long N'oyagts weie peitornieJ nu re hap-
pilv, th.in they have beui linee •, the Kealon of whiili I
take to U-tliis,' ti.it, in thole l^ays, Men ol great AIimiki
made rueli Voy.ig-.s m IVrlon ; whereas tliey now coiitint
theinrelvrs with Vi>rnii:'.g .'^ylKnu in their Ciulets: And,
cxeept the late lainoiis'l'iotellor ILuUy, wc have fearce
heard ot'.my Man d .iiknowledged Cap.uity, who has vui-
t'.,red on a long \ dyage, nurely to eon-.pare the Notions
ileii\ed Irom Tlieory \Mt!i the Hifult ot I'raciKC.

A'U-r tiie ediblilliing the Trade ot the /•:«;•/;_/(!) and Puuh
to the /•..'// /«./.'<•/, txchilivc Companies eamc in, wIikIi put
a Stop to Piliovrries, and to the nobl.r KxiKditions in
Search of new I,;inds, ai the great de t^.tte long ago ob-
Itrvedinliis admnable M,L\ini> ol the I'olicy o\ lioUiind.
Krvjiii this time nilpiitv^ aUmt 'I'radt; loininenccd ■, and,
iniU'.ul otCxteiiding thr:r C'onimeree, by tinding out frelli
M.iikets, all the great .M.irif.nie I'owirs liave been eniploy-
•(! in ciriumllribing c.nh otliers Trade, and iven in ruin-
ing one another. 'I'lns !■ vil, indeed, has Ixen accident-
ally prixluaivc ot" In 111 Dilcoviries, by the Me.ins ot I'ri-
vateer<, who, not by Olign, but through Force, have be-
come Cirtiim-navig.itors ; whu'» is the Realirin, that mull
oJ' their Di.'covrries have ken lame and im|x-rt'ert, as Ix-iiig
m.ide by Men more intent on Plunder, than on acquir-
ing Fame, or on lendinng Service to the Public. By
degrees, this I Ivimour ot confining 'JVaile to particiil.ir
N.vions, .md to particular C'om[unie5 ot Men in each ot
thole Na:ii/iis, has incrcaled to luch a |)egree, that I'ropj-
I'als loi' nc w Oilcoveries have tallen into Dillepute, and I'ucli

astuMKi! '!i hi badsi'i.T v .v. rf<.ited,u IVoitetcrs; wi,;,!,
\st!h us, lb lookevi u; '-.i as i.iil) .i litu; N.m'.e li.iM.ij!
m n.

W'f have a nnt.il Ir liiilvKo ol t!'i< in the Conduft cf
t!ie /•»■<«(/' t'ouit, ..liDUt ihe ^'i.'.r UMi. \slu n they tt-
jelled .111 OliVr ir.a.ie them liy twii of their own Sul<i;c',s
loi the |)ilioV(ry ot y/vJ''«'s li.iy ; by which .\tcidir\t|ij'[
II' h I r.ide Itll into oiii lland-, an.t has Win a IJunc of
Loiitiiitiun Utwiin the two Nations ever lir.ce. 'W^^
IS howivei, Ke.itoii to Ix'Iievc, tii.it this kind ol Tcinur
is wearing out ; and tli.it, in nioil tr.iding Nations, tlutruc
.Sprit ot iiiLirgii'.g l'i.u!e, by the finding luw M,iik«<
Ugms to revive. I'ho late C'/ar Pettr was the tirll that en'
dr.ivoiirtd toproniotc the L'oinmeice, nut only ot jiiscwn
Sub;ei't'-, but ot M.mkiiid m g;ncral, by caulin" a find
.Starch to Iv ni.ide into all the hitherto unknown CCiir,-
trits, bordering upon l.is wide Fmpiro, ot which wclluil
haveoi.cal;on to treat m another Place. Hi, F.xanv'Is ex.
cited a like Dilpil'ition in the Sxtd(s and DJn,^^ ; .iiid lure
in our ownC'ountry, lome I'roiet'ts ot the lame Natu.'c have
been better received, tli.in toinicrly they were.

But the Kitcll and moll ninarkablc Voyage t!,at hi!
been tor Diliovciief, is that which will be the Subjtcu:'
the next .Section, pcrfotnuil by the Diiection, and at the
F.xixnce, ot the Huuh Hi-ji India Company; which is i
viry lingular Ir.ll.iiue ot" a right Application ot a Cur-
pany's I'owrrs ; and it would be a very happy thir,};, ;;'
li/ine great C'l nijMiiies, in another Country, would lollow
their Ixample. Moll certain it is, that, in all Countries,
this W.-IS the original M(.tive to their Inthtution, a-sappoii
by Charters, and i^tlier public -Xcts -, and, indeed, m.iiivif
them prolecutcd this Ddigii tor lome time, and maile Cu>
liderai'le Piogrcfs that way, till ilie l.ove ot Munev, irj
Over-fondnefs oi I'owrr, and tlu' Pefire ot pruviiiing u
their own IJepcmients at the julilic F^xpeiae, got die bet-
ter ot' thole oM-taflnoneil Pnmiple';, and taught Men \->
veriiini, with fair Pntcnccs, the I'urfuit ot private .Ad-
vantage, tho' at the I'xpcntc ot the common Cjoovi.

S E C l' I O N XX.

/In Jicot/r.t of Cfjiumcdorc Roggcwcin's Expcililicrt^ ivith three Sbips^ fcr the Difcovcrj '.j

'rom an or:-

Sui/tLrn Liinds^ under the DireElion of the Dutch Well India Company^ * /;
ginal 'JiiurnaL

1. /hi AciOunt nt !'<■ ^^rigina! Scbme cj (Hi I'cuigc, and the Difcc-erifi frcpofeJ f/.yrc/n: 2. The En'.

Jitils/nm the 'I'cxcl, July 16. 1721. 3 A\-jUnt of tbfir I\i/fage to tie I lland of Tciicriltc. 4. Tv.
laiiw contin:,ed I II tlar .Iniv.il on the Cci/l of Hi alii. 5. Drlcripiioii nf ike Cits of St. Scballi.ui, '•'
ti.e O.u'itry round It, and •fhtn-:^i remarkiihle tlerein. 6. Other Occiirreiicei in the I'ouize. 7. D..-
'eery c/ a ne-u- f/Liid, .<;.'/,•,/ Iklui.i Aullralis. S, PaJ/age throug/j tl>e Streights of l.c^Mwc :r:n ::;
.S'j:,ih Se.i. (). M-.-enturef in tly.fe Seji, and De/enftion of the IJIand of Juan LVriiaiKiez. lo. Z^-

Jhetiom en tie Xj.'nre and the Im/^ortance of the intended Di/ioveries, imh the R,a/.ns xihieb red-r;:
P'-'AiMe, that Jueh Di/iC'jeries may ie made. 11, Dijiovery'and Deierifilon of a lie'.i' Ijland, -uif.' :■
A. wit of iti Inlahitants. \i. Arrival at Hadwatcr Iihind, and Dmoverv of five ether Ijlr.i.

1 J. Shifrureek of tie Afncaii CuHev. i+. Di/d'eery and Defeription rf' nine «,-:!.■ j/lands. If. A! -'■
h::.n tA.-nt, f„; tha Coa/l, and the liea/on's for and a-^ain/i it. lb. Continuation of the leu;/!'
New Jiit.un ,nid New Cimcy. 17. free ne-u> Iflan./sdifovered and deferi/,ed. 18. DeUri};tvi:\
New Hiii.iui, <i'ui ,t J.-eeral Ijlands in its Seighkurlood 19. Vnluck^' Diffute lufh its 'inhahiun:.,
,n:.l tie (.c;;/,7,v,-mvr of that Dif/^nte. jo. ./ large Aeecunt of that Ccnntrv, and iti Inf,:h:.::--

2 1. D,len[^tion cf the Ijhndi of Moa, aid Arinioa, uith an Auount of their InU'it.inti. ::. l^' '

eo-eer an .\rcliipil.i'^o

,. ,„ . ■ '-^'^'/-'^M' .?''•'''*'■ A'^w,- e/'//y Tlioufaiul Itlaiitls, 27,. Defeription ol :('

JflamU liniro ,;,;/ ljuu;ii. 2+. Arrival at tie IjLnd :/ J.iva, and Def. nation rf the Cc.'ll. If. -V-^''
/ ejhiifeized at Lai.ivi.i, .•■,-,/ tlcir Ctwpanies made l>, i/.^urs. j6. The prefent State of Hatavi.i, '-.•.'■•'
A//VC ./, i'.unt <•./ ,!. I'iLi'j:a.its. 17. rhe Manner ih ii^bieh the Affdin of the Dutch Conipani are ^>
"i^/"/<>edin the Fall Indies. 28. •//,■ Dutnlmtion of their Government nit, all Us Parts, luiU'-l'-^'
tivi , andMi>it.r>v. 29. farther lljcnption of B.it.ivia. and the I/land ol hv,x. Jo. Dejeu;-:
of tl.-e Ulan.i'.f Ccyian, ^r Ccyloii, //; Covemmeut and Inl.ahitanti. ' ;; j Tie prelent State ot .V:--

K.yn.) ,e::h an A.u:.rtci tie Clove -Trade. 32. The Ifland of Ik.iu'.i, ;n Cove, rrn/nt a'ld Jnhal'il.r.:

fr"'"';''. .^^ '/■^ •"•'■/. Vu'.vv/./ the four(;ov,rnment<of\U-,lhr, Tcrnatc, .Malacca, and f :■

;V;; t' ^•^"-[ilV. 34- O'linption cf the fuur ])ir.J,ries of C'uoina.uUi. Sniat. Hcni-.l, .'■.

Icilu. iJ. -rije Coriruindnes cj M.iabar, (Jallo, Java, and B.mta.n, </,/, ,;.'■</ 36 An A,. ->■:■■

• ■; ..cic i.c.tf Hti ti<y Atwunt ul ll... \i>).-^' in our Ijit<[;.ii.j;p

Chap. I.

Commodore R o g g e w u i n.

^?7

tb Ri'fidcnces of Chcribon, Siani, and Moca. 37. The Sf.Ue of the Cmpiiuy's Cmim'ice in the Ijland of
Uoriieo, and in the Einpire of Cliina. ■^8. The Aiith-ys y-irrivu! at the C'dpe of Ouod llojic, inth a
]),lcription of the Country belonging to the Dutch liall India Cowfmny. 39. Departure from the Cape of
CiOL'd Hope, and Octurrenca m the Voyage. 40. Defcription 0/ the Ijland oj St. Helena, and the Al-
ccnlion. 41. '^I'^ Author ijlife Arrival in the Tcxcl, July 1 1. 1733.' 42. An Account of a Suit com-
iiktict'd hctwen the Ka(l and Well India Companies, on account of this Voyage, and the Ifjite of it.

iUmarks on ibis Expedition,

HF.RK "u, perhaps, no Country in the
World, where Coninicrv-T is cither more ho-
nourable, or more profitable, tJun in Uollnndy
. where, at the fame time, there is a greater Kefpeft
liicwn toic bythcGovcrnmtnt 1 lor, as the Republic cliiefly
I'ubfiftsby Trade, every thing tliat relates to it, is coiirul.red
as an Affair of a public Nature, which defcrvcs the quickcft
aiul Ihiilell Attention. The great Coiiipantts in Holland,
arc, a5 in otlwr Farts ol Europe, drftrudtive to Trade,
conVidcrcd 111 lomc Lights -, but very neceflary to it, when
coiifidcrcd in others. The IVeft fndiu Company was ori-
ciiully crctlcd in the Year 162 1. and held, by an (.xclufivc
Charter, the Commerce on tlie Coart of Jfrica, from the
Trouie of Cancer, to the Cape of Good Hope ; and, in
/.«iri;a, from t'lc South Point of the Ne-xfotwJlaiid,
1)V the ,Strci[;hts of Mr.gc'.Ur., or of le Mairc, to tlu' liip-
poild Strcight of .Ininn-, including both the North and
South Seas. The Directors were divided into five Cham-
krs, ar.J confided, in the Wliole, ot Seventy-two Perfons,
out of whom eighteen were again ciioii'n for tlic Adml-
nillrat:on ol the Company's Affairs, to whom a nineteenth
ivij aJded by the States General. The Aff.iirs of this
Cu.T.;uny wtreoi'.ce 111 lb llourifliing a Condition, thai they
R.re not 01 !y on a Level, but, in Ibme mealuie, fuperior
I) the EjJ} /«Jw Company, which w.is owi.ig to the happy
.*^;;i,cel's of their A tfairs at Sea; for, in t!ie Year 1629.
(h';ir AJiiiirai, Peter Ilaiii:!, took the Spunijlj Plate Meet,
vhicii was uninvnfely rich, and brou!J;ht it into Ilolliiitd.
'['.My nuvie thcmfclves Matters ol the gre.Ued P.irt of
Erjf:!, and wire fo tonfider.'.ble, that tlie great Count
Sbiiri.t o( iWijfit' did not think it bene.ith him to .uecpt
(if a Co.Timiilion fiom this Comji.my, to l)c (JovcrnorGe-
rcral of Bfj/il ; whii h, however, after it had cofl them
i;r.nicnll- Suir.s to ilefend, they at lall loR.

The Ttrni of tlieir Charter was limit>.\l to twenty-four
Yl3:s, whldi, in U'47. beinr, (jcpired, was renewed for
tui.'ity-fivc more-, during which tir.ie, tluir Affairs grcv/
\;ry pcrj:.',X!-d, fo that towards the Clolc of that Term,
t ..J w;r. (-ur.tiT.t, that it Ihould be dirtulveti ; and, in the
Ycar 1074. a ixw Company was erected, with pretty near
thf fan.c I'over?, by Leitc.s l^ircnt from the States Gt-
eli Company Iw^ (libfiftetl ever fince with great
Ca;:ital of this new Company confills
cl I'.x .\liili):is of ridr'iis, whicli nuke about fix himdred
t!uu!und IVunds ot our Mdiay -, and the 1 imit^ of tlieir
;\.,tl;;rity are, the Coalls ot /tfrica and yimerica ; that is
loii,, ail the Idlabliihments of the Dati/b, in thofc Coun-
L.i., xrc iiadcrtlifir Dr.ci.on 1 fo tlut whoever propofcs
i-.y new SJit:i;e, lo.- the Improvement ot Commerce in
t!xlc ra:t), mull neccH'arily apply himfelf to that Com-
l:.,.:y.

U w,is t!as t!i.it induced Mr. Ro^f.cein, a Gentleman
(i [',r.at Parts and iVnctr.ation, to Iraiiie a Projee't for
ti'.c l)i:i.ovvry of that vail Continent, and the many Iflands
which are liipi>ofed to lie in the Southern i'art of the Globe,
a:d ot which the World has hitlicrto had but very imper-
tfc't Notices from others ; which Projeil, together with
i.i: Kcalons in Support of it, and a Plan tor carrying his

the
cry well

Ktp'.iMtiun. '1

C-figr.jii Dil'covery into Execution, he prefented to t
/4' .'/(.iM tonipany in iCn)6. by whom it was very w

rar.vni,
1." coull

great as the Framing this Scheme ; at Icaft, we have Rea-
lon fo to believe, fince, upon his Death-bed, he recom-
mended it to his -'on, and exafted from him a Promifc,
that, at a T'ime convenient, he wculd endeavour in Perfon
to execute what himlelt had propofed. The young Gen-
tleman, after his Father's Deceafe, .ipplicd himfelf to his
Studies with the utmoll Vigour, and made fo happy a
Proficiency in them, as to qualify himfelf for the Poft of
Counfellor in the Court cf jwiikc iz Bataz'ia, whither he
Went, and rcfidcd there many Years.

2. Alter his Return fiom the Ea/l hdies, in which he
had acquired an handlbme Fortune, he bethought himli;lf of
performing the Promifc he nude his Father on his Death-
bed j and, in the Year 1721. prefented a Memorial to
the tVrji India Company, fating forth, that, at fiich a
Time, his F.itlier had propofed dil'covering the Southern
Continent and Ifland ; which Propcfal they had been pleafed
to accejn, and In; was now r^ady to perform. The Com-
pany received tliis Memorial with the fame Readinefs they
did his Fathei's ; and, as their Affairs were now in better
Order, they acquiiinted Mr. Rcggt-ivein, that they would
im.mrdiately fMvc Direftionsfor equipping fuch a Squadron
as might be necelTary lor ex'.■cu^.ng his Defign. It con-
fillcd of three Shij-s ■, viz. 1 hj Eagle, of ^S Pieces of
Cannon, and 1 1 1 Men, commanded by Captain JcbCcJlcr,
on bo.nrd of which embarked the Commodore : The
Tienboven, of 28 Pieces of Cannon, and 100 Men, com-
manded by Captain James Boivnian : The African Galley,
ot 14 Pi^-ces of Cannon, and 60 Men, commanded by
Captain Henry Rof-rnhjll. This fmall Squadron failed
from the Port o\' .Imjlerdnm the 16th oi July, in the fame
Year; and arrived hap|)ily, in the Space of 36 Hours, in
the Texel. Before we proceed farther, it is requifite, that
I fliould accjuaiiu the Reader, that wc (tand indebted for
the Joiirn.il oi tliis X'oyage to the Gentleman who com-
manded the Land Forces that were on board the Commo-
dore, whofe Name I am not at liberty to mention, or that
of another Perton, who made the Voyage, and from
whom I have received confidcrable AfTiftance. The Na-
ture of the Fxpedition is I'ufficient to recommend it to the
Perufil of the Curious ; and the many remarkable Par-
ticulars it contains, with regard to the State of the Dutch
Company's .Miairs in the Indies, will, I dare fay, juftify
what 1 think myfelf oblige.l to fay of it 1 th.at it is at
once as inllruv:>ivj and as entertaining a Piece in its kind,
as I ever perufed.

3. As loon as the Ships could be provided with every
thing neceUaiy for lb long a Voyage, they failed, which
was on the 2ii\ oi'Aigujt 1721. with a fair Wind-, which,
however, changed the next Day, and obliged them to
fpcnd three Days k-ating through the Chanel. They con-
tinued their Courfc to the South-wclt, in order to gain the
Coaft of Barbary -, but were prevented by a great Storm,
which did them much Damage. To this liiccecdcd a (lark
Calm ; during which, the Waves ran Mountain-high, as
having not yet loft that Agitation into which they had been
put by the late high Wind. This brought upon them
new Mifehiefs ; one of their VeU'eis loft its Main-top and
Mizen-maft, and, in the Commodore, the Main-ftil Yard
came clown, with fuch Force, as wounded feveral People

aid he was allured of having all the Aftiftance upn Deck, and all this from the Rolling of the Ship ; fo

dlire or \:\\)tt\., as foon as the Afl^airs of the that our Author concludes, th.it, in the 5/'fl«j/2' .Seas, there is

C(.;r.:uny wuuld jxrmit : But the Difturbances that foon infinitely more Danger from the hidden Calm, which

ai:.r hj'liwa!, put a Stop to the Company's good In- ufually follows a Storm, than from the wildeftTempeft -,

t:rtions; .iml, before any thing could bo done, Mv. Reg- infomuch that he pofitively declares, that, in the i/a/z/r,

r«i breathed his laft. lie wasa Gentkm.inof the Pro- and other Northern Seas, in which he had often liiiled, he

vr.c-ut '/.tahtiul, who, fram his Youth, h.id addifted never met with any Tcmpcft comparable to this •, which he

l;^l'If to inathcnutical Studies, and had a true Zeal tor attriljutes to the Dtepnets of the Sea, fuppofing, that the

t.c 'service ot hisCuimtry •, of which he gave many Proofs, greater the Mafs of Water, the longer, when once put in

="^pTh.ip<, none, that, in liis own Judgment, was fe Motion, that Motion lafts. But, as this is a Ccnjerture

^'->i«. XVJU.

unly.

fiiit!

' .'ll '"i ' I' '■
"ni!,: k:;

It I I

4> I

Hih

298

The V O Y A C; E S o\

lU)ok I,

■I

in ■

i*fi-

If'

v,t

if ■;,

f ti/

|i' ii

^'" il

B'i

only,! prefiimf to offer the Reailcr another Uealon •, wluch
is, the Ncarncfs of the Shores, or opiwfitc Coalb, in the
MtdiUn Mean ; for, ius \vc kc in a Balon that li.is Ixcn
fhook, the Motion o» the Water remains alter the Balon
Hands dill •. fo it is plain, that the Violeme of the Motion
is grtatir in propoicion to tlic Smalnels ot tlic \'eHcl, lic-
caiife the Siiokts Ironi the oppolite Si.ie arc upiutcil
quicker, anJ the Water has Itfs room to play.

After two Days the Wind trertKned, and thty Ix-gan to
recovtr the Fatiguis tlicy had fuftained: Duriny that Siace
of Time, they continued to fleer South-well, in Iiopes of
gaining the Canaries -, and diverted themfeivrs with ob-
Icr\-in{; the Manner in whitli the Hying-tilh enileavoir.s
to eliaj e its Enemies, the Albicorcs and Bonitocs. The
Flyiiig-lifh is not niucli bigger than an I ferring, and the
Fins It file'; with, are, for .Strcngtii and Tcxtur, not un-
like the Wmg^ of a Bat. The Vutcb Sailors elUcin tliem
very go(,d I ooil, ami, dierefore, are never Ix-ttcr pkakd,
than when they m:et wit!i Plenty of them. Tlie Boniti' is
a I-'ilh a! out two l-'eet long, of a greyirti Culmir, and lim.ly
flreaktd iioni Head to 1 ail i the Helh dry, liard, and uf
a difagrecabie Talle. The AUncore ri fumbles the Bonito
in every nf.iecl, except its Si/.e i lor the Albieore is, gt-
nerally tpeaKing, five or f;x Feet lon^, anil weighs I'oine-
times ijolb. They {i\n likewife linne Watatow!, and
particularly Teal, which the Seamen always account a Sign
ot the Lino's lielng near.

At lall, finding ihtmklvcs in the Latitude of ;F% tiiry
cxpeiitui they fhould have feen \ery ioM\ lome ot the
Canary lllands ; when, of a fudden, tiic Man at the Mall-
head infwrmcd them, that he difcovcrcd a -Sail, which
cairied £.>:gtiji Coloois. As foon as they drew i.car
tnougli to dilccrn her Motions, they perceived tlut die
flnick her Colouis, and bore away from them. In alout
an Hour's ti.ne llie appeared ag.un, with lour Sad moie
in lier Company, which fometimei carriai white, and foir,c-
limi-s biaek, and, at lall, red Colours; whicli gaveKeafon
to lulpcct, that thty were Pirate.*!. The Coinmoilure im-
mediately made the Sign.il for a Line of Battle ; ail 1 lands
were employed in making a tkar Ship, in tilling tiicnadcs,
and p.'-eparing every thing that was nerefiary lor the tii-
fumg Engagement, in whiJi thty were f) lueky as to have
the Advantage cf the Wind. '1 lie Piiates, (bllrving this
Dihx)fitK;ii, immediately jut themklves in a tigatmg
Pofture ; and began by linking their red, and hoiiiing a
black Fhg, witii a I).a:!i's 1 K.ui in the Centre, a Powdei-
horn over it, and two Bo:-cs acrof. ur.-leini.ith. Ility
likewife lurmed a L::.e i and, in an Hour's time, the
Aiftion began. Th.e Pirates fc/jgiit brilkly for lomc tunc,
lupjofing them to be Men Iiantnicn j but, after a Difputu
ol two Hours, and [K-rceiving that the Coinm<xlore fuught
to Ixard the Viffel with which he was engaged, tluy
fprcad all the Canvas tluy could, and erouded away as fall
as p-ir.bie. The Duul Con-.n.odore tiied out, as loon as
lic law then bcaiing aw.iy, /.<•/ ibe Raj\als go : In which
he llnaly obeyed hI^ Inlbuftions ; fur all the D.v/.Zi Ships,
belonging to their Eajl and U^fjl J,:d;^i Comj-anies, luve
Uritl Orders never to give Clucc, but to purfue liieir
Courfe. It is true, that fomctimLS their Captains licglect
this Order; but it is at the;r IVril, and th-y are always
made anlwcrablc for t!ic Cviileouences on tlicir Return
home.

This unlucky Aceidmt coR the .':quad:on a great many
Men. In tlie Commuiorc they haei tour killed, amor-K
whom was a (^larter-mallcr, and nine wounded i anj
there were kM.^t^ killed, and twenty fix wounded, in the
other two Snips. The Carpenters iikcwik- found tJiem-
ielvcstuhy employed in Hopping l^b, and repairing the
Damage they had received. As foon as this was done,
which was by the i uh of Xovemitr, they continued tl.eir
\oyage, and arrived in Sight ot the in.r.d ot AUara,
whicli afforded a bcauiitul I'tofpedl at a Uill.inte There
IS good Anchorage on its Coalls, wiiere Wood and Water
may be conveniently tak>n in; hut, notwithllanding thi..
the DxUbAaJ AndlfcjUndia Ships r.irely touch there.
In the .Vighbourhoe,d of Madeir.,, th-y law a dtleit
lllanel, wiich ,s much frequented by the Pirat-s, who
wood am water there, and obtain other Kelrdhmcnts.
Hiey hul hkcwile abi^ht of t'lc Pike of Teumff, at the

Pillanre of alxiut twenty-five I .Mgticv This is general,
elleennd the hi;;h.lV liiij-le Mountain in the World, wi/
is the Realbn that Cuogiaphers pLiee there the Iml .V
ridi.m ; a Culloin, liowever, lioin wliiJi many ut ; .
Moiierns vaiy, but with whicli the tilobe and Map i,;,;,"
111 Hdland conllantly comply, klieving, that, lioni't..;.
RiguLirity, they derived great Adv.intag( s. Otithew.; r
h.iii I, the I'rtnd' atul 1>^UJ!.\ of Lite '^'e.irs ffj-m!' ,
incline to iix (iic lirll Meriehan in tli.ir ivljiuiiVe iM.r . '.'
/'.K/V, or at J.ciuL>t\ wliicii treat ', great Cuntiilion i:l ;!;.
longitude ofPlace.v, when this nillmction is not prcvuniV-
taken notue of by the Writers wlio m.ike i.lr of |„ti,
Maps. King I e'j.is the Xlllth of i'rivue endiavoir.d
to prevent this Inconvenience by an E. 'ie't,d,ited J;n: y
if';4. Iiy wliieli he ilireeled the lirll Meridun to [■
pl.Kcil in tlie Illanii of I\ro, tlic mott W'ellward ufth:
Ciin.irics.

From the fe Mantis they continued fleering .Sonthwc!*,
fer thofe of the Cape di I erdc, ot which tluy l.ad l;kc> '':
a .Sight. This Cape /'(tJc, orGreii: ('..ipc, is a IM. t:i
Jfricj, or rather a Mountain, lliootir.g forth into theScj,
which Pldmy i:.i\'s ..'rHiuriinii. It was I'.iflovcred 1-y t;ic
Porlug-.iffe ill the Yeir 1474, in the Reign of /H^kr.ji
iheVth; it is boundeel I7 the two lilw ■ Cr.mlij i-i
Sn>!f,ia, formeiiy calUil Slacbiris ami (lttrs:i^. ■ To tl:;
Well Side of it there is an Ifland full eit an ■•iPpitr Nun-
be r of Birds, whofe l^;!;s are con'.i;. .>:.;; gathered by t.'s
Maiiners. This Cap- is a eiangemus L.ir.dii'gplacf', !::-
caiife of a great man) R'xl.i aloi i it (iit;k i.nJirW.ir,
therefore it !■> better to lane! :..rce Leagues off it, t':: ^h
ilia Fla.e uniniubitee!, and which allordi roihingbut ^\cC^i
anel Stones. J he Continent is ix-oj'lcd by Negiocs, \v.,o
trade w I til all Nations, anel Ipeak fcveral l-ingu.igcs, ;'':-
eially frnui' and Pvrtu^iicfe. The moll Part ot tl;.;.:^)
naked, having or.ly a Piece of linen Clotli abenit t.Ir
Muivde, to cover their privy Paits : But tlic Nobkm;.-ii-i
(irandees clothe thcmlelves a little l.^ettcr ; forth.y w;jri
long tiarm^nt ot t alico, m.ulc like a Woman's Sl.iit, a..;
Ifnpcd witli Blue: They hang little Iquare leather Ha^i
iijon their Arms and Legs but we coi;!d not li.ini oft!:;::!
w lat they put in th L' Bags : They wear NeeUacts irJ-
(1 Sea hoi le-s Tewtli, With glafs Beads L>etwe>n ; on tl:;l
1 leads tliey wear a Cap of Calico, llripcd with Blue. L'..r
are a piukiit .and wife Pceiple, employing thttnf;lv;s .3
cultivating the Ground, whieh bears good. Hie ■, and cth^
Things, lulfAient to maintain them : The rivh.r >a-.
among tin m keep Cattle, which are very tiear in t:..:
Country, bieaull- there arc but a lew. Here arc a ^r.x
many ge>od Bla^kfmiths ; tor Iron is much valjed anv r,-:!
the 111; and you tmd long iron Bars, terged like Spei'-,
which lervc thein for fifliing, and j lovighing the dr urii:
'1 luy make likewife ftveral beirts it Wcaioii"-, as .Ar.'ous,
Darts JavJiib, isc. They lave little or no Knowleelg.c:
Almighty dou, exeejt fjnic ot them, who C' nverfc *;;.'i
Clniiiians. In grnci.d, what Religoii they luv:-, coircs
uearefl to the Motttir.me.Lm ; tor they are citeuinii!;'.
They are viry iafeiviou-. .slen, .ind may have as mi"?
Wives as tluy pltale, ami Women are f Idoni i.uistied w;-..i
one Hush.md ; but, alx.ve all, they love Str.mgcrs vcr
palliod.itely. '1 hv I i,r:w^u(jc wikj live tin re aie tree', l"d
ti.nle with all NatMii';, ! ut tiavr no Authority or I'u'Wi
but our tli.u .Sl.v.^ w\ Servants, 'ilv Country is a:3
gcilur under the Suljee'Uon of tJie Governors ol c^'
'I'own e;r N'lllagc, who row in little Boats to the bhipv ■■
they ariive, to make them pay the Cii'iom.

I'liey had at this time only a Sight ot thofe IVcj !, .'
tlK;r Boats ; lor, having the Advant.igc of a llioi^g N- "-'
call \N ind, they continued their Courle for fi.x \S ecks«;:"
out coming to .m .'Anchor, or hanilling a S.iil, In ' '
long Palfage tluy had feme Days in wIiicli ti;:; Heat ^J
almoll infupiortabje ; and the Crew bcg.in to nT..r"-'
exieflivtly, on account of their being .it llioit AlleJ«-i •
lor Water, ol' whuli, they laiel, they had too lutlc to I- ••■
Lite, elpLcially lonfidering the hard LiU-ur t.Hey «■•"
obhgai to undergi* This ihort AIk.w.anee produced .'-<i
alter a very exti-iurdinaiy Accident : One of tiie Swabh^
being exceeding thirlly, got down into the litLl. j--
prrtcd a Calk, winch very unluckily proved tyb: L'rJ.V'
inlt'.-ad of Water-, at whieli he puJlcJ fw luar::!/, il''''.-

Chap.

Commodore R o g o e w e i n.

l^p

(• ,,,.,ox'CatcJliii"l^lltoai^>-"gi'^"'*of Miiincls. 'I lusLiquor
!• 'iimuiiiair.llonu-, and in tliisComiitiun lu- ran ilirc-cUy
"'•i'l ic Look room, wherr he tlircw (iowii a I'an ot Griale :
'r '-CiKik, not ill can lint; ''i**^ ''''•* l'"'^'''^"' was drunk, laid
''rjty quick Torn-, 2'ou Rafutl, I have a great wind
' ■;■ vwrAVci. ^.lyyoufo? replial tlu- SwabbtT •, and
'l'':\ut mr i'hroai, if you fp(ak another llWd, ilrawing
h!"lviiitc is Ik- li'okf to him, anvi rulhing upon iiim with-
"t tlic kJl^ Notice. Some ot the Crew gathered alxnit
' ' iJiiiatdy, and endeavoured, as iixm as it was j)oiril)lf,
toECi tlic Kiiilf out of the Fellow's Hands, which at lall
[H V'l'iii ^^'' ""' '^"'orc he had drawn it twice or thrice
■- Is tlic^-ook's V'icc. I'or this they drul'lnd the IhHdw
h'artiiy, v.\\i<.\i lie relented to Imh a dct^ree, that, as loon
r'heg'ot look, he took up a Kiiiic, and pave himleif
iirfc 01 ■ti'"'' ^"^' '" d>c R'-'"y- T'*-" "t'^i^ll Care was
ukcn of hi'"' "" '"* Wour.ds weie cured, in ouler to make
hni a public FAMinplc to the Shiji's Crew, that l'u( h Ac-
c" lilts miglit he prevented lor the future. Alter his Ke-
(o\xr\; he v^is treated m the I'ollowing inanni r. In the
fMt liacf, he was didarcii inlainous at tin- 1- oreiralK he
\\:i [lull iluice Keel haledi then he liad ^oo Stiokes uixjn
■',• l!ijt:(xk« •, anil, lal\ of all, his Right-hand was (alh.nid
[, ill. Mart Muh Ins oftn Knilo. W hen he had Hood in
li.is L'oniiition Ionic Minutes, he was carried to the Fore-
Lulli', and chained ; where, for a certain Nuinoi r ot Day^
1; \v.is allowed only Bread and Water, and, alter all, put
,- Irons, till he could Ix- let on lliorc in tlu' tirll barren
br.iiihabital Uland ihey came to.

Tlitrcliapiiencdnothiiiyvery remarkabh- bi fides, in thi:
I'aUKe, except liat tluy law liveial of the Cap- del tide
\'.i?.6s in lome ot which, it is liiid, it never iv.ins ; and
yd till- Dew falls lb copioully, that the .^oii produces abur.-
Cinccofllrrhs, and excellent Iruits. I cannot, adds the Ai>
r.ur, lay miiih as to this, but 1 think it lo much the more
[roablf, bccaufc we arc acquainted with other Countrii «,
,'„i,T, it IS certain, it never rains. J-or Inllaiice, aUxit the
A;; i;V Li^a", on die Coalt of Jfrtcii, near the 'I'ropie of
C;i-.«K, where the Chnftians, who inhabit in that Nei^h-
l '..liio.xl, never lemcmlxr to h.ive' leen K.un. In like:
raincr, it never, or at kail very larciy, rains in Peru,
liom Cajxr Blunio to Coquimbo. In E^'ft alio it rains very
duom ■, which, in my Opinion, is owiiiy to the North-call
ill! Soutli-eall Winds bKivving coniiantly in their I'unis.
'ihcle Winiis. as 1 appiehend, lio not Ining X'apours lo
i'.mi'.l, .i.tiiutc that attend a Well Wind, biifratlur lucli
ii lall in Dew. k is very r.ire, on thii -Sale the Line, that
jSowh-e.ilf \\ ind hrii.gs .my Rain •, and, on the other .Side,
i:.c No:t!i Wind blowing along the Line is warm, and
hacxictly the iinie Kill cts tluu a South Wind has with
i.s. It IS .ilio ubhrved thioughcnit ail .ijia, that the Mon-
f^ns rtign loi.ltaiitly the wliole Year through •, th.it is to
;i-„ the North weli blows lix Months, and the other lix
.MotiiliN the .S>,uth-eall ; and it is alio obli rvable, that it
lith-Wtil Wind that brinji,s Kain. This Kain is often
inti-imixid with Ihunder and Lightning ; trom all which
uli-rms realoiiablc to infer, that the .Soutii-eall blowing
riiiUntly tow.irils the North Pole, and the Noith-eall
iicv.iiii; i^ coniiantly towards the South Pole, is the true
^v! irr;a;n Caule why in lome Parts ot the World it never
•'"S. lltit 10 luiv.' thelc SiH-eulations, whuh aie, how-
'vri, far tioin king ulelcls, kt us now return to the
liiruilot our Relation.

4- il.iy luntiiiued their Voyage, till they appro.uhcd
l.--l..i\-: Ihelreiiuent Ihitiing ot the Wind ineommoded
t:.cm cxcadingly i their 1 hirll increabng cxcelFively at
t.i<; laini- un-.e, many ot tiie Ship's Crew were down ot the
.Wyy 1 .md when they met, as tliey lometimes did, with
iUiin, when the 1 ieat of the Sun was gre.iter than ordi-
urv lomeot the Crew Wcie quite dilhacted, otiurs tell
'■"ol"i;'' bcvm, and lome had Fit^ like the lalling Stck-
Mls n.oU 01 ihcin loll rh.ir Appetite through an cxcef-
j^M I'l'll. 1 heir irelh Water, as it grew low, not only
twk alxmiiaibly, but was alto full ot Worms: •rheir
'■'■• . ruvili.jiis tttie, in a manner, quite Ipoiled, and llrved
^^-ytuiuin their .StonuUis, and tncrc ale their Drought.
"« generally laul, tli.it, ol .ill rurments, Hunger is the
y'^uiit i Hit tilde Peopk appiehiiided diat Maxim to be
'•'luui.Ucili and that, iiiiUad ol lluinjer, w« ought to

infert ThinV, if wf would Ix: thoroughly acquainted wifli
the iitmoll Milcry incident to human Nature. About this
time, their Cares were lomcwli.it diverted, by an Accident
which very much lurpriled them : They obferved often,
towards b.vening, that the .Sea appeared to fie .ill On Fire,
as if covered with flaming brimllone : 'i'hey took up le-
ver.il Buckets of Water when it was in this Condition, in
order to examine it more dofely ; they tlu n found it to be
full ot an inliiilte Number of little Globule.i, of the Size,
Form, and Colour ol Pearls : They oblerved farther, that
they retained their Lullre for lome time after they were
held in their 1 land •, but that, when iirefltd lx;twcen the
l-ingeis, they dilcoveied themfelves to be nothing more
than an earthy tat Subllance like Mud : 'I he mofi. experienced
Marineis on board contcircd, that they had never lem any
thing like It i and withal owned, they knew not what to
make ot it. The Author fays, that he leaves it to fuch
as are skilled in Phylics, to explain and account for this Phe-
nomenon 1 and, ill order to give them lome Aflift.incc,
he delivers this .is his own Opinion, I'iz. th.at thclt: Globules
contain nothing, either of Sul|)hur or .Saltpetre, as at firft
.'light they leen.ed to do ; but are, in reality, nothing more
liian the pliKgiiiatie and groder Part ol the Salts contained
in the Water, concreted by the excelli\e Heat of the Sun
in la.m Weather, and ag.un broken and dilperled among
the Water, by the Motion ot tlie Winds and Waves i to
which, perhaps, the Cui rent of the Coalt oiGiiinej, in the
1 leigl.t ot wiiieh they law t!ie lame Thing, might in Ibme
mc.ilure contribute.

At length they pafled the Line, with the Lois only of
a lingle Man, who i.iedof an high Fever. When th', y ar-
rive.! Ill tlu: Latitu.-.L of j^ South, they met with the true
Monloun, iKlore which tluy bore .iw.iy at a great Rate.
In the Latiiude of 5^, they had the Sun dircx'tly over
their 111 ails ; which c.illing then no Sluilow, tiny were
lor Ibiiie Days without making an Obllrvation. In the
Latitude ot 0' Soutli, they caught a griat Number of
iJoiado^ and Dolphins. Our .'\utlior lays, tliat, tlriiitly
Ipeakiiig, thefe are the fame Filh ; that the Dolpliin is th.-
ISIale, .ir.d the Dor.ido the 1 cinale. 1 here are lome ot
them lix lea in Length, but not at all pioportionable in
IJulk i they appear in the \N .iter excellively beautiful, their
Skins lliiiiing as if llreaked with (iold, but they lok- all
thele fine Colours as loon as they are taken out of that F.k-
ineiit. Their Flelh is very liveet and well-talted, lb that the
Seamen alw.iys le.dt, li) long as Plenty of this Sort of Fifli
is to be had. I'hey hkewili- law abundance ot Sharks,
many ot which were ten I-'eet long ; the 1 lelh of thele
Creatures is hard, llringy, and ol a viry ilil'.igretable
Talle i notwitlillaniiin;^ wIik h, the Seamen very frequently
hang them up tor a Day or two in the Air, and tlien eat
them 1 which Compliment t!ie Sharks never I.iil 10 return,
it, by any Accident, a Seaman comes in their Way, either
dead or alive i and Ic 111 to attend. their Ship:, tor tha:
Purpofe.

They now drew near the Ccufl ol Rr.^fil, and pafled by,
th(jugh at a pretty good Dill.mce, lome ot the uninhabiied
lllaniLs that lie on the Coail, llich as 'irinily IJlund, and
lome others. Their Deiign was to luive anchoieel at the
Coall ot the Illaiid (<;vi«i/^ i but, linding tiny were jail
It, they continued then Route, till tluy arrived olV Perto,
in the Latitikle of 24" South, where they came to an An-
chor. As loon as they arrived in Sight ot Porlo, lome of
the Ship's Company, ol whom our Author was one, got
into the Shallop, in order to goafliore, as well lor the fake
of netting Watir, Wood, and other Ret'rilhments, as in
order to bury one of their Siamen. Ikfoie thty could get
on Ihore, they law a Body ot Portuguejc well armed, niovc-
ing along the Coall, and who ai)peaicd to have no ether
Dclign than to keep them trom landing ; and, as tiiey
ilrew nearer, they beckoned to the Dutch to keep olf,
tlireati-ning U) lire 141011 tht m, it they attempted to land:
But, upon llie wing tliein the dcid Buly, they liiU'cred them
to land, and cveii fhcwed them a Place where they iTiight
iiiterr it.

As the Dutch were very defirous of gaining fome Intel-
ligenee, they alkcil a good many (^uiftions about the
Country \ to which they could obtain no oiher Anlwcr
timn tins, that/'*r/c was an Advance-port to St. Sdift:ar.,

gut

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: . 11

"'■■'■: 111''

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Book

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rot marked in th.- Clurr ; .mil tli.it thcv wcv Iiiliiliunt-
t)t Ktu -Janeire, which l.iy about eight Milfs i>!l. I hi'
J)u\h eiiilcavi.iurfd to pcTliiaiic tlictn to go uii lo.inl their
Vtlli;' i but they rcCulal, fcarinp; th.it they niij^ht k' !';■
Litcs. This, to r.iv the i'ruth, w.v-, iic unrealbnalile Sup-
|)olition, lincc fucii VcHVls lrcr,urnily ajjpcar on th<' Coail ;
mid, under I'rct- nee ot petting trclli Water, larui aiul [ U-
la^jc any of the httle 'I'ownt that arc near tiie Sea. Alx'ut
llx Months l-Kjtore their Arrival there li.id becenone there,
theCrew olv.'hah werjpieparing tonukcaDOccnt ; whe:i,
unhicliily lor them, a troub Ship of l-'orce arrived, and
witli one Uroadlide funk, lier to the Bottom. It was k--
Jitved Ihc had near Itven Millions on board her ; and, as
fticfunk m thirteen Fathom XN'ater, tiiey had lent for Divers
from Parivgal, in order, if poUiblc, to recover I'art ot lier
■Treafurc. Another, not lunii; after, had tiie fame l-.ite
upon that Coall : However, with the warmell Intreaiii s,
ond the ilrongclt AlTiirance'. polTible, two ot ih<'tn w< re
prevailed ii;'cin to go on board the Duiib Ship, where they
were very kindly received, had Prelcnts niaiie tluni ot
Cioatiis, whith imliiced thenj to promile they would carry
the wiiole Squadron into a lalel'ort; and t)iey were as [^,o.i
as their Wonls which w.ii extremely accejitable to Men
in their Condition, almoll worn out with l'atii;iits,,im!, i!i
a manner, dcHryyed lor want of Liquids,

5. This Mailjoiir oi Pcno alVotds g'Kxl Anehora"'-,
from fix to t!|;lit Fathom \\ ater. In enterini; it on tJK
Souiiiwxil, they iud the Mainland on th'- Ki}.;h!, and a
large lilanil on the Lett. All the Coall, aloni; wlndi they
lail^d, app -ared to Ix: very liiph I-ind, interminj',led with
Mountains and ^'alleys ovfr;;iown with Shn.bv. Vortt
lies in a plealant Situation, !a:t tiierc were no Inhabitants
iherc at tir.b time. The l-.lii and Tortoiles <Miight hero
Were of an ex luifite Tafie, a-.d very nourilluig •, li) that
moll of the feui-le, xv.ho v,uc lil of the Scurvy, whicii,
at the Time ot tiieir Arrival there, mi^^h: be about forty,
recovered very tall. Alter lbyi:v< there two Hay?, m
which Time tiiey liipplied theniielves with W o<kI and
^\atlr, they wtiglieil Anchor, a'xi continued the (ame
Courle to the ,Soiit'i-wclt ; .-Xitcr t.iilin,^', .iboiit fix League^,
and teeing many fmall Illands :it .1 Diitince, they tound
thcmfclvcs in the Ro.id ot St. Srhriilian. At the very In-
ftant they eiitcrcJ the Moutii ot tiie River, there arole a
Storm, which blew with fuch Violence, that, tor iiar of
being driven on Uic Rocks, they were Inrced to drop their
Anchors, and wiit the Retain I't the ri>le. 'I'he next
Day they we:y;!.e.', e;itcr:d the I'l-rr, and came to an An-
chor htlcrc the losvn; whieii they laluted thrice, with fe-
vm, hve, and three l^--ccs of Lannon, but without re
ccivmg tilt- le.'.tl Anl'wer, eiilier lecaule the Pcriuguefi
Cjur.s were i.ot in OrJ.er, or k-caut,- the I'eoji'e were not
very v/cll pleated with ihcir Arrival, ,as Hircwdiy lulpte't-
i:i^, i.JlwithHaiiding th -y liciUed a Dutih Fl.V';, that tJx y
were very little ktrcr than I'lratcs. In order tn remove
thcfe Doi.il f., t!ie Ciiiiirno.'ure wrote a Letter to the (10-
vcrnor ; intoniiin;; him who they were, and delirin'.; that
he would tdrnilli them with Cattle, Herbs Fruits NV.xxl,
and Water, tor ready ,Money. He Jikewii;- de fired, .is a
Matter of Favour, ih.it his Lxcelleiicy w.uld Iv pValKl
toa'low thrm a lew 1 bus on (hore, t<-r the Refrrfhment
ot the.r f.ck i»len. 1 he (jcverm-r iciurned t^r ,-\;,t"w(r,
that noti',ii-.g ol th:svi:,rt was in his I'owcr, as he was fub-
o.'dinate to the (iorunor ot Rio ,lf hmaro \ that, how-
cvxr, he would dilpatch an l-'xprefs "thither immediately,
and hoped they would allow him Time to learn the .Senit
ot h;s tuperior Otncer. The Duuh C oiiim(Kl<jre was very
tar from beaii^ l.itisfied with this Ar.fwer 1 and gave tlu-
/'or///i;.7r(r (ioveinor to iinderlland, that, as he was very
willing to ileal with iiim t(.r Money, to, il he could not ob-
tain what lie w.irited by tair Means he fli wiij be obliged
to take It by foul, how much foever againll his Inclination -,
but, having learned that there was ay r.zwn/ian Monalhry
in the Town, at the lame time th,it he difjwtclicd this Mel-
iage, h'_- lent to a quaint the J-'atliers with his Arrival, ac-
lomjianKd with a IVefent.

It lup.pdi'd v(ry luckily for them, th.at, in this Mo-
raftery, t ,ere w.is one Father Thomas, a Nativeof t/zrv/./,
who immouately came aboard with fcvcral u'i the Monks'
1 il.', .hcr.ell Farlir r was to dt%lin;d at ihc Siijhi yf luj

Coui.trynv n, that he declared he nioiild nowili.-i,, P y,
having, tor twenty two Years i^irmniy will„j ,0^'"'
this .Satistaition. The Commodore ma.'e him n- .'
ingly WvKiime, ami p.ive tliem wh.itever they ildr, , ]
tne Ulc of their Monallery, '1 he I'riur, who wV^
the Numler ol iliofe that c.ime on board, delirtd tlxi -
niudore to have I'ati.i-ce a little, till the Return ot t;i I
prds tiom A'/« dt 'J.iiifiio; iiiid ph ni'lnl th.ith-,^ 'i
life his utmoll intciell with the dovctnor, morJvrto--'
g.ige him to comply with the Coinmotlore's Drniir V '
tnat they p.vted on both Sides very well fatisheiUrli- '
other. In the mea time, thf /'fr/w;'ttr> canir ((„,,?' '
great Bodies, well iu-...ed, to the Coall"; and }\)iUil the-"'
lelves particuLirly m thote I'l.ites when- it wjs bc'^-^-i
t.he Dutib Shallop might attempt r© put her Me n on ilic-"
On the -Approach ot the Shallop, the /Vr/i/fo^/f thoMf^i
l;t to tire upon tin in, l>y wiiich one of the /Wfl-^i -..'
d.ingert)iiny wounded in the Shoulder : '1 hcm;po'! •^^
IJoat's Crew returned the Cnmphment, by a gcnrr-l |'
charge ot tin ir fmall Arms by which two ot the /Vt
pUjC were laid on theCiiotmd j at the S"i;;ht ol whirh •-
rtit made a preupitate Remat, ,!i,d the IhiJ:, |jnj„
iiiimcdutcly, idled what Water they had Occjiion 1 '
and tlien returned on board.

C>n the Report ot what had happened, the Corr.m^ v..
midc the netelliiry Dilj)ol"ition'; tur the Att.nk ci r'«
i'lae, .inJ itatumed his .Shii's aciordinj'ly : Ih'fra-^
W.IS ordered 111 as near the I'own as polhl le; ihr/'r: • ,
was oid.ixd to wa-ch the Coall ; and the ConimtxlcT- ^^
chored .xs near as couKl be 10 the Convert, as if hcL.
intended to tet it on Fire, or b<at it dow n to the Gri)."i:'
All this, however, w,is deftgncJ only to tii^ht th.- /','■..
^'.tefc into a kttt r Behaviour ; and it had the (leti-nd I •
fect ; lor the Depiity-tiovernor loon nftrr ciine in tys:'
•and entered into a Ireaty, by which the Pcyiupf<r'iT-~\
all that h.id ken dcfired ■, 1 ut, at the thine time, fX;r:T:i
a great Dillideiue ot tliur l)ein[r p.iid lor what t'.f,'.-
nilhitl 1 becaute, having hitely trc.ited with a i'm.b^yf
111 the lame manner, the Ciptain, at his Denartiirr, tht;'
eiied to beat the I'own a!<xit their bars, m > Me thfv:--
liiled on being paid accouling to his I'mniiles wh-! |;:
tame in. The Sick, being landed on the ll!.ini!,v\(-;x'!5:.
I ilhcd d.i;I/ by the Pcrtuxnejt with Beef, Miitto;i, F^i!,
Herbs, 1-ruits, and whatever elle they w.mtd. U:
Siiip's Company alio, h.ivinj', I .Cdvc to go al'vire.f u- -•
iracted Acqi.aiiuaiKe among the Pc:tu^:ifii-, trcni v'^'i
they obtained Sug.ir, iobacio, Hr.indy, aiui wh.irrvi-:,:
they dclired, in l-xch.inge lor llur':pfiini i'0.\ notwi:!;-
llandmg the Governor had jtruhii ifed any ki.'ul uf Cir-
merce, on the feverell I'enaltics, Thus, n a very i!v
time, the Scene was tfil dually chaiigdl, a: d tlie /". ,
^itfj'e to Well fatistied as to t;;c i loneily and ptxn! 1..-
lions ol the Dtiiih, th.it they bi\>ught luck, oitlic.fo'
Accord, all the ri. h lifiVcts that liad b.-en cirrieJ a:
the Town, when th-. ir Ships tirll appeared bvture i;. T -
Pc-lK^^urj}, howiver, complameil bitterly ot the l'liigc::rv
met Willi Irom i\u: I'rtHtb; who, aceording to tlirr A-
countf, frajueiitly came ktorc the I'l.ici- w:t!i thrir ,'^.'~,
took whatever they pleated by boree, and piiiinler..; !'•
Houfes, in whiciithey were [x-rmitted to loJge their .*•':%;
which induced the PiUu^iifu- to klieve, tliat all tli; /- '.•
ptHHs would treat th( m m the fame mann t.

The 'I own of .S.'. t^ebuftiai: is fituated in tlie Ijrvi'"
of 24°, and in the Longitude of do' \ it is a I'Ijc; c
moderate Fxtent, indilVcrently tiirtilied, b-einr; liirr.i'.:'.ile.l
with l'alilado<s, and furniOied only with a tew I'liW'
Cannon. The Church, iiowever, is a very !vauti:i ! Bu;..
ing, the Falace of the (iovernor very magrmcer.t,ar.J;r:
Houles ot the Inhabit.ints, Inch as are comnviii'y me: n :"
in the Iniitc. 'l\\r IranuniH Moiialhrv tl.mJs en :*
.South Side of the Town, and is the Fl.dnratiuii ol .6; :
thirty Monks, who live there very romnioili^iiiny, r:
behave thrmlclves as kcome Fcrlons of their Prowl'
'1 he I'rior Ihewed the Commodore, and the rcll ut t':;0'
cers, an idol, which had been woriliipptd by th- a-''"'
Inhabitants of the Fl.tcc. This w.is rlic Stituecf aCr;-.
ture half 1 yger, half Lion, about toi:r Feet high, i''
one and an halt about. They were to'd, that tli:> ■'>'J' '
\va- of niaiiy tioid ; bi t the Autlior fufi'--'t.'> that it "'

;t:

)<l I'

'^■^M

Chap-I«

Commodore Roggewrin.

z6i

1 Bilt • The Feft of thii Crciture icfcrnbled tlir I'aws
"f Lion his HciJ was .ulomaJ with a douMi- Crown,

whiirt ftutk up twilve Indian Darts, one ot wliiih, on
'" L 5,je was broken in the Muitllc- ; h-hind his Head,
o„„chShouWfr, there w.k alar«e Wing, hkc that ot a

Stork In '•* ^"'''''^ "'^ * '''""'^ *" '' '"*

fljinoirtely armed, after the manner of the Couatry, hav-

■ It his Back a Quiver of Arrows, in his Lift Hand a
£, and in his Right a Shalt. The Tail or iliis nion-
Urou's Uiol was vrr/ long, and turned tlircc or four times
round tbe SJoiiy ot the armed Man : The Inh.ibitants of
the Country, who worlhipped lb Irightful a (ioii, called
fhis Stawe Nafil Licbma. The Dutcb looked uiJon it with
Aftcnilhmcnt, and law, with great Pleallire, a numerous
Collit^ion of EureptM and .inxruttn Curiofitics that were
in the Poffeflion of the Monks. 'Ihe I'ort, or rather the
River, of 5/. Stia/ltaH, ii three or four Leagues in Length,
ind about one m Breadth. On the Nortli-eall lies a very
fine liland, of about lour Miles round, and on every Side
of It lie fnuller Winds. The Haven, as well iis the
Town, is calleJ St. Sdajiian. The Country of Ura/il is,
IS all the World knows, very large, and tery rich, info-
much that the King of Pcriugai is laid to ilraw as great
Riches from thence, as the King of Spain from all the rclt
of .immca ; and this may very well iv, lince Ins C.itholic
Maieily IS conrcnt with a very fmall I'art of the Ciold and
Silver found in his Dominions, whereas the King of Por-
ttgd fweeps all. The Province of Brafil extends South,
Eall, and North : The Capital of this Country is Babia,
or St. SahaJtr, Siara, Olmda, Rio dt Janeiro, St. I'incent,
&c. Ihis Country was difcovcrcd about the Year 1 500 \
but then it is to be confidercd, tliat, even to this Day, they
have not penetrated much above eighty Leagues within
Land. The Soil is good, and the Country would, doubt-
lefs, produce Corn and Wine fufficient for the Ufe of its
Inhabitants at leaft, if, from a Principle cf Policy, the
People were not hindered from cultivating their Grounds,
and conftantly fupplicd with thefe nccelTiry Commodities
fnjoi the i'ir/nffwye. The principal Rivers m this Country
are, Japiua, Janttro, Paiipa, Dajpedris, San Francifco,
fvajba^ &c. It is the common Opinion of the Portuguefi
here, that the antieni Inhabitants were /tnihrepepbagi, or
Man-eaten; and it is even faid, that human Flelh was
iiikl in their Markets as common as Beef or Mutton ; but of
this there is no authtn.ic Proof, Xhofe cf the Natives the
dutck law were large Men, of a dairk Complrxion, tlnck-
lipped, flat Nofes,and very white Teeth. The PorHiiguffe
liai are very numerous, as well Natives of iheCoi.'ntry,
isthofe that dock over hither from Portugal, from time to
time, in order to rrj^air their broken Fortunes. Among
other Riches, the Author afilircs us, that, a little Uforc
their Arrival, tiie Ponugue/e had difcovered a Diamond
Mine not far from St. Sibaftian's, of which, at that time,
they were not in lull Polleinon, but were meditating an
Expedition ag;iinll the Indians., m oriier to become the
folc Miftas of lb Taluabic a Prize •, and, with this \'icw,
they invited the Dutcb to join with thf m, proniiling them,
in rati: they fucceedcd, a Share in the Kiches -, l)y which
Infinuations nirr of their .Soldiers were tempteil to delcrt :
The Author lays, that he does not know whether they
»tre lo lucky ,i< to liiccecd ; but, in all Prolubility, they
uid 1 becaufe, luice tlut time, great Qtiantities of Dia-
monds have been imported Irom IWiifti into h.urc^(. It is
Cud, that they are found on the Tops of Mountains,
«niongft a red kiml of Earth, which holils a great deal of
jjold, wallied out cf it by great Rains, and carried down
by thelorrcnts into the \'alUys, where ti.e Negroes are
employed in walhing it.

/i'*/'/ abounds with all Sorts of Birds, l-illi, and Bcafts,
nme and wi'd. Tliey have Tygers there, that ilo a j^reat
dwi ut Muihief: rivre are likewilir abundance of Ele-
p.iMt5, the 'I teth ot which arc of great Valu.- -, neither is
tec any Country, whrrt: Serpents, anil other venomous
J-rtaturcs, are more trtquent, or ot a larger Si/e. I'hc
rJiiiih Rehgiun prcv.iils as far as the l'(3Wer ot the Por-
'"P'J- con extent) u. Tliere arc, how. ver, v.ilf Numbers
«' i:ie native liilutjitants, who are yet iinfiilxlued, live in
"itr old idolatrous R.hgion, and are lo cruel and vin-
'^■^I'vi;, that. It a Lhrilliaii unluckily I'.dls into their Hands,

the bed thing he can cxik^I, in to h.-vc liis 'l'hr<wt cut ;
for very ()l ten they put them lo Driith by intokiabic lot-
turci. The Air of the t'ovmtry in extn nitly wholfome,
though, at fome certain Timciiil ih" Year, it is cxeelilvcly
hot. Ihe Aiith'T eX|ifrieii(:cd the I'.vi . Heiu.y ol ilic Clime
by his fpeeity and piTlWl Htcovriy from the Scurvy, and
other Uillcmpers \ aiui i( IimI tlir like Lfled on the reft
of their lick People Tliric nic vail Niinikrs of a ve-
nomous Kind of MuKkitwi atwut St. Sebajiian's, which
fling People to fuili « Degree, timt tliry arc all covered
over with Blilleri. An Aetiidrnt of this Kind hi'ppened
to their Pilot, who, luving drunk too freely of the Rum
made in tliat Country, llrpt nftirwardn in the open Air,
and had his Kw, Arms Hriid, and 1/gs, lb ftung, that
his Lite was in the utinoll Danger j and it was not without
abundance ot Care, and rtlti r .1 lono; Space of Time, that ho
throughly recoveicd. The Diitd' Coitiinodofe, while they
remained here, oliligeil hit People to tjUerve a very (IriJt
Difciplinei .uul, upon Complaint being made, that fomc
of his Sailors were too liimiliar with lomc of the Indian
Women, he caufeil them to be fevctely cliaftiled^ and
would never afirrwaids prriim them to go on fliorc. But,
how well liiever the pHtfb «nd I'urtHguej't might agree, the
(iovernor was l.ir enough from being latisfied with his new
Guells : He had learned hum Imno ol the Defertets, that
th:; Deiign of their Voyugc waj to make D.feovcrits to-
wards tlie .South, wliltli dilpluili'd hiiii Very miirhi .ind
tlurelore he pr.iCtiful every Art ho could dcvife to hinder
and dilUei; thtm : With fliii View, he fiirnillied thetn
with PiuvilioM', iiiily fn.m Day to l\iy, to prevent their
adding to their .Si.\ . Stoic, i he likewile t ilked of five or
fix Men ot VV.ir tomiiig iiom Hie ilr '/aneiro, in order to
put the Dii.'tb in fear ot lK'in« afniktd ; To carry this as
tar .-is it would go, he ai'tu.ijly lent for the only .Ship that
was then there, to come to ,S7, Se/uijUiin's. The Connno-
dorc undeillood the Meaning of all thi ; very we!!, ant!
t(Kjk no notice of it, txinplyin^ ex.icUy wirli the IVrms
Itipulati'd by thuTi. aiy willi tht) D(puty-( iovernor, fiving
Part of his frefli l'r.ivill(iiiMlaily, and Lilting them, clean-
ing and repairing hi'i SInps one by one, taking on board
Tobacco, Siign, and wliiteVii' tile he wanted, till he
thought himfelt in 4 Condition to continue his Voyage ;
and then he tully fatinlini the ( iovernor In Fire-arms, Uats,
lilk .Stockings, Linen, Stock-lllli, and otlier European
Commoiiitics, tor wliatever he hud rrceivAi; and made
him a veiy conlldcralilr I'ltf'nt bclUles. The Governor,
in Return, lent him lonie Ulark C.Utle, and a Cercilkatc
of his honcll Hclu>'ioui, 10 Iv 111.1' ufe cf in Europe:
And, all Thinpti bring rlui" if' , to the niiif'.ial ijatif-
ladVion ol all Partus, the Dulrhy ommoiiore lailed w.th his
Squ.idroii, keeping llill to the South well; and, fi:;i'.ing a
detl-rt Ille, alK)ut thici' l,«agil>'s from theCoall, he fct on
fhorc there rhe SwaliKr, who had att inpteJ to murder
the Cook, aecording to ihe Neiitetice that had been pafTcd
upon hull, as ha-< tnen IxIok' icl.ited.

6. Alter leaving th.- Co.ill n| I)rii0, the Commodore
propoled viliiing tlir Mund ol ./i.kcs Af.i:^d(!,mJ, fu cdlcd
from its lirll Dil'coVv'rer, who, aliout one hundred Years
ago, law a Light in ihif ll.in I, vshii h is laid to Ix,- Titu.itcd
in the Latituile of )>' South \ but did not go on Ibore,
As the .Situation of this lllind iiuill h.ive been very advan-
tageous, and in a goud t liiiutr, ihr (.'(iinniodore intended
to Icttlc a Colony tln-ie, lor the Service of fueh Sliins as
Ihould atieiw.irdi be Imund to the Southern ln.ii-s, that;
by this mean-s they ii'iglit obtain Wood, W'.iter, anil
other Retielbincnls, without being ohlign! to touch .it
any ot the Counirus tlili|eiil to the Pcrtii\^nrfi: He found
it, however, ,d)lulute|y impia'ticable, beeuile, in fpire of
all the Paiim he C()uld take. If never could difcover tliat,
or .my oihir bland, in or near itr L.ititude of ^o' •, which
obliged him to ehung' Ills I oiille, iml to iKcr towards the
A>;y IjLinds, lu i ailed by \\\^ Dutch ; but, by a irauk
Privateer, that lirll difiovere.! tlnii, named St. l.acis.
The -Sijuadron iirolieuted its Voyage Viry h.ij-pily, by
continuing always within ,|'' -uid ',0 Leagues of the
Jmfitiun .'^liore, by wlinli thry iiiioytd tl p B^ntlit of the
Land and ^ea Wmdn wheieas, if they had kept farther
from I .anil, they would have inlallibly fallen u svitli tl;e
Well Montoon.

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On the :ift of /V;.- '• . ^vhfn tl.rv were m ihr l..iti-
tmlL ot 40^ South, they wet: (urpnial by an liuniciiu-,
attcmkd with 'l-ln.mln .ma l.ii;lunit>^. All tluy couM
do wasK. turl tlirir Sub, ami la- .it the Mcay "t tlu-
Wiiui an.l Waves : The .S.m ran To ^ery high, tl.ai tJ>cy
cxiKv'Uil ivcry Moment to he fwailowcil. In this .storm
they were rtpaiatf.l trnm the rif'ih.-C!, and dul rot nvit
with iicr ai;am till three Months .ift. rward'. 'l \w \ ioKikc
t)t till Hurricane l.ilhil al»i)t tour Hours but -^a^ not
intlreiy over in fomc Days It w.ts ver v haj^py tor tlu' Com-
moaorc, that, inlV"ti<>tt:icpioli;;ious loru-ot the \N nul,
his M.UU UooJ firm. 'Vh\'- MurrKancs are ixrrcmcly
«J*iij',croi:-, and Shi|)S ot'tcnfoumicr through the ir X'lolence.
'I'heV an- tar more Ir.qiiciit 111 the//:./?, tlun t!u-y arc in
the A.I// I'.Jn-i. TlK-y happen ulually at oik' .Si-.don ot
the Year, particularly when t'lc Weil Moiiloon reif:ns
which IS tiom the .'uth ol 7.v;v to the i ;th <it 0:Ui^(r.
For this Realim, on Co.ilts wlwr;.- they ar:.- tivqu.nt,
VelVels often continue in Tort, till tlkv laiagme tlu y have no-
thing ot this kind to tear. Hut, .is Sturm* ol thisjottarc
not exactly pcriodnal, and .is there are roinr Years \n
which happen no I Iurriiai.:s. It all, Sliipn tri.lh'.'.g to Inch
CaIculation.s, 01 toceitam pretended Prognolho, arc v;rv
often caught. In th;- MetUifrrantan they have a kind ot
Hurritaiie, which returns tviry Year at the fame ti ve, or
very near it. In the Ne;ghbour!u)oJ ot' the Ci.-iiia, t!-.cy
have annually eight lluiru ants, as t'lc moll expeneiKcd
Marin, ri reiH)rt. Tiuy call tlKle kind oi Storms lure, is
well as in the Miili!crr.i':c,:<t, by llx- N.mie ol tlie l:'.cpl\int.
Such as Tail to Jnfaiiy arc ottcn expol' d to \\u h idi \\.\ \n-
couiitei ■, and, theidon, the N'oy.ii'.e to tluu iil.u.vl is
iullly reputed tlu.' iiioll haziidousol any in tlu' Ind.i.'. It
is rcpoitcil, I'ut 1 d.o not allrrt it, tKit .Ships h.ivc lonu-
linici fpeni ihtee Yeais in tlu- adj.icem St.is, without 1« ing
able to hit their intimhd I'ort 1 In- ordinary, or at Kalt
the fardl, Svifi ol an I liicr.canc, is very lair Wcaiher, and
lb dead, a Calm, .is tlwt not a Wiutkle can In- diteiiud -,
thci> a Cloud, about the Si/.- ul a Man's I I:ukI, riles in
the Air, vay d.:ik , and, in a little time, the wink- Sky
is covered. The Wind tlun Ix-gins to blow t'loin tlu-
Well, and, in a Imall Sp.ice ol Inn'.-, whisk, lounil the
Compil's uvt llingthe S.a to a ilre.idlul 1 leigKt -, and, as the
Wind blow now iv:. the one Side, .wA then 0:1 thv otlivr,
llie Shock of tile cooti ary Waves lx:ats thv W-jVcl', lo tor-
cibly, t;u: tluy very lanly el'inpc Shipwreck. Such as
jxrceivc ihi: Cloud (ally, lannot do Ixtter than to get out
to Sea. It is viiy rem,irk.tbU-, that, as Shii)s approach
cither Pole, tho'ii- I I'.irric.iiu s are kls trequeiu, to that, in
an high. I 1 arimdc than ; •;', tlu-y are not to Ix- harcd. It
i', true, tlut tlu- Winds towanis the Holes blow with
greater torc<-, and the Air is nvir'- iharp and. pi.-rci-.g ;
but ti'.m contrary Winds ar;- not lo (-rteii nut ss.th, or, to
I'pcak \sith greater I'ro))iuty, the Wind docs not nvvi- lo
rapidly round the Compat'-. l';:;- Winds alio in ilut
(^i.irf.r finkmou graihially t'lan iiiAkr the '1 rojuis, wlr.re
they liRldtnly Iwtll to tlu grc.itell lliiKht, and tl-.m as
fuddcnly ctafc to blow. The Caul'e, ])olIil)ly, ot' tins Dit-
fcreiue laij Ix;, tin. Warmth ol Air Ixrtwttn the liopics,
and the tonilant South or North Wind uiuitr the I'olc.
It is likesviW obfcrvvJ, liu: this Hurni^UK raidy li.ii.;yi.s
in the midil ol the Wale CXcan, but c!ii;dy on the Co.ilU

.r,*"«...K r ........... .- _i.. ... 1 ...1 », . 1

Ihe V Y A CJ E S of

Book I.

of luch Countries Xs alx.'.aut with Mii-.erai', ..r ai nie
Mouths of grt-at Kivvrs. Anoth.T lurpniing I'lixnonu-ium
a: Sea i-, what they c.ili a Wliirlssiiu), .md winch, in loiiu:
I'uinirru', is calkd a Siphon, 'rii.i;- arc oci.illwn(d by
th' Sun, ..n.i arc (inlinguinud Iroin oiiicr Winds by a
kii.il ot fpir.il Motion, wbu h i .irrn s I'p nuo the Air wliat-
evtr comes within tlu Cirdc ot tluir 1-orce. It fonu-tiiiKS
h.ijip;.S tiia: they carry lilli, Cirah-liop|)ers, anil other
hisih in tlu; Air. wh. ir tlu-v iiii.i-ir hL,- ^

is tin-c to leave lii' D.igrelfion, a::U to atuin .igain to
tlic Hilloiy of our \'oyi;.',e.

At loiili as the- I lunuane w.'s 'ntirtly over, the Com-
moilore, and his Conli.rt thi: .-Jnian (,n;if\, ...ntiiui'd a
Soit'i ,'i.u'h.-,v.ll Coiirfe, til!, b> th'j Amaaiicc cl the

Land Winds, they wire in the 1 letglit of the Streij-itt,,.

~. I'liefc they difcovcred an Mand of near 2(ioI,r.isi!

in CiicumUiencc, and at the Diliancc ol about lutiu,r.

l.cigues troin the Mam-land ot .ima:,,t, and, as t,;,

law no Smoke, nor any Boat, or other I'mbarkatmn, ij,

tlie (."oall, th y concluded that it wa^ uiiinh.ibited ,\

}-}(H(h I'rivatcer dilcovered the W.ll Coall of ;t, i-,j

called it the llland of St. Lmrs ; bit the Dutrb. obi r. 10

its ni.my Capes, tanlieil them to Ik- fo many iiiTi^r;

Illandsi and thrrelore Ullowed on them the Naniccil tii.;

Alt;' IjLmJj. 'I'his Squadron firll liilcovered tlic li',ir,|

all round, and p.irticulaily the Kail Coall of it; the lirit

vilible I'oints of which they nanud the I'oints of /<(;•„.

/i'.j//, U'caiile tl«y were lirll dilcovered by a Capfiiin ol

that Name, who lommanded the Jfrmm Galln -, th;

utternuift bafti rn I'oint they called Ar>v-)'tar's CJpe^\)(.

caule ililiovired u|H)n that l)ay ; This I'.land lying in tr.;

Latitude ol '-,.'. ' South, and in the Longitude nl qv, ;h(v

called It Htigm .litjlralis, becaule, whenever it cumtv i, :>

inliabiteil, liiili as dwelt thereon will be- lltictiy i'.t]

proixriy .Antipoiles to tiic Inh.ibitnnts it the /.»;o Gi..

Irifs. Tile Land appeared extremely bi.iutilul, iri

viry fein'e : It was cluquercxi with Mountains aiuUaluv,

all 01 \si>:ch were tlotlud with very tine llr.ut Ir.fs.

The \'erv.ture ot tlic Meadows, and the Irelhnilj ot iIk

W Oods, aliwdcd a molt d.tlightlul i'rolpect, iiilbmiich

that all the Ships Companies agreed, that, if thcv had

Liiulrd, they Ihi-u'd have tbimd txcelier.t Lruits ; liutf-.t

Comm nlore would not allow tlu in to Liiui. tor liar ii

lollng I ime v and, Irom an ApprelirnliiHi, tlut ary Day

might hnder Ins gating round Caj>c //of, lie thtRiorr

(.■hofetoiUferathoroiigli l-.xainination ot this new Cui-.^tr^,

till he Ihould return trom the Dilioveiy of the ^ouIhtn

Ci iitiiKiusaiui Iilandsi but that, alas I liowcvcr rrai'unaolt,

|>rovul, as in the Sequel we Hull lie, a vain Lxpcetatw.,

Uciule hr was obliged to return home with las SiiiU(;ic3

by the /-.I'ji Irii.ti. 1 his tine Iflanil, therclcre, is likcia

contiiaie llill, in a great nuafure, unknown ; and tlicLon.-

nunlore rigrett^d excellively his not laying hold ul thi:

fair Dpjioitunity ot t|)cnding a few D..ys tliire, whic;,

peiliaps, might have- prixiuccd the lixing a Colony on that

lilan 1 ■, lioni sslirnce, without doubt, mary other eur,-

liiieral'le Diteoverus might, m a Ihort nine, li.ive i^.ci

convenKiitly in.ide.

S. t j^iiftmg this Illuid, tlu-y renirncil to tlic Miiuth c;

the .Streiphts ot Mugt.'ijn, m older to wait there tor a W :".l

l.ivoiir.iblc to their Nav!gatK)n 1 ,\in\, in a tew Days ::

very luikily dunged; lor, it it had continued to blow in si

the Will, t!i. y could not pollilviy have obt.uned I'ncw i'x,-

Lige into the South Seas. '1 his they weie relolvui u

attempt by tlic Streights of l^ Matte, becaule th:s iil

I'aliiige IS inliiiitely more commmiiuus than tlut d Mi-

X'li'in, where tlic Sea ius but a I'mall Depth, and the Nuith

and South Currents, by tluir nieiting, oce.iliuncd cu;.-

Hant rough Seas. Add to this, that the Kottom is rociNV,

and alVoriis no gooil .Aiu horage ; and that the Haws liur.

the Mount.uns on both Sides tiuianger all Ships th.it v.r,-

ture into thele [unlous Streights : Bur, having, as nU;«"

oblerved, a lair Wind, they continued tin ir Coiirie to 1 1-'

South, in order to pal's the Streights of l.i M-it- !'■

their \Va)» they faw abundance of W hales, .lud otivr bre-'

Lilh of thii kind: Ainongll the reil, they were !j11o\*i"1

lor a wlv;h: Month by that kind of I'llh sshuh the Ihuh

Sailors tail the Hdi Dev.l. 'I'hcy took the utmill l'i;n. ;.i

latch It, I lit to no i'urpolc. It h.as a l.irge I lead, a tiiiCK

•hi-rt Ivily, and aveiy long Tail, like th.it wliulil'aintrri

bellow on the Dragon. Ariiving at length m tlu Heipat

ot ',',", they began to conceive tluy could not be lar c.i'.ii":

from tiic .Mouih ol the Streigiit>, and imuuai.iteiV Jlii".'

ihev law .'^loti/LiiJ, wIikIi makes one Sule ot tlicin. I'"

luiy ot the W.ive5, and tlu- C lalhing of cuntendii^j; Cu:

nnts, gave luch terrible Shocks to their \ eliels, .is maii'

ih'.tn reil in !ucli a m.inner, tlut tlu-y expecud 'veiv .\"

ment ilieir V.irds wool 1 have bioken,anil their Muils^u:i-

by the Bo.ird. In this Siiu.iiion they ssi.ukl have ba-:i J^^J-''^

i.oriu lo .III .Anchor, elpreMlly svncii they IouikI. by Jo."-'

ing, tlut tie Bottom isa'. very g(joil . but the \^ eatxi wa

ij lOUgll as net to perriut It, ,,,

1 ■■'■ .

■ III

Chap. I.

Commodore R

O G G E \V E I X.

26 J

They puni'il 'lif Streiglit'. wlmli arc alioiit ten Ixaj^in ^
i„ ! fpcth, ami Cix over, wlicic tli<7 iri' tlu- l.r< a.Ull, with
aSwilinclii not to be rxprcllt'd, wimli wa.v <,win|; to the
Forcf ot a Current. 'I'hcli' Ciirrt-ms without ihi- Mriii^hts,
joined to a ftrong Wrft Wiml, carri.il tium out a ^^ivat
Waytromtiie Coalt ot .^w«-/. <» 1 ami, that they might he
furc to get roumi Cape Horn, tliey fiiltd as iiij;h as tlie
Umudc ot' ti' 31'' 'I'here, tor three Weeks together,
,jn.y lurtained the molt ilreadtui (lulls of a luiiuus Well
\Vind, accompanieil with Hail, Snow, anil the iiioll
piercing y^oW. 'I'hey were very apprehciilivc, kit the
Violence of the NN'iml might, while tliey wife invclojKii
with thick Mifts, have driven them upon M()iintai;is of
Kc, which mull have expoled them to tett.uii Shipwreck.
Whenever th*: Weather was a little lerene, tluy had liartv
any Night at all-, for, being the midll vi January., the
Summer waj at its Height in that Climate, and tiic Days
i: their utmoft LcriRth. Thele Mountains of Ice, of
which they were fo much atraid, were vilihie from the
1 Icicht of Ca|)c //(»>•« i and are certain I'roots, that thofe
Souiliern Countries extend quite to tluii I'ole, as well as
thole under the North ; tor, without (jiiellion, fuch vail
liills ot Ice cannot either be pioduced in liie Sea, or
formed hy the common Force ot Cold. It njull theielorc
lit concluded, that they arc occalioned by the Violence of
liirrents, and of lliarp piercing Winds blowin|.', out of
Ciulphs, or the Mouths ot large Rivers. It is, on the
other Side, no lel's certain, that the Curients dilceineil in
this Ocean [irweed all trom the M' uth« ot Rivers, winch,
rolling down from an highContinent, tall into the Sea with
luch Impetuolity, that they preferve a great I'art ot tneir
furcr, even alter they have entered it. The great (^lan-
tity of Birds that are fen here, is an additional I'root, that
Lir.d cannot be far ort .

It may bo (leinaiuiul, whether this Continent is inha-
bited or not: loriny I'arr, fiys the Author, the AHiriu-
atnv lirems the moll probable to inc. It may, pollibly, lu-
a(k«l, how it (an he ima;;ined, that Men Ihould livj in
fuchaClinutf as that ol 70 Degre.s, where the Winter
IS fovery lonp;, the Summer |i) lliort, and where, tor a
great Part ot tiie Year, they nnill be involved m jkt-
jutjal Night ? 'lo this i aniwer, that llich as dwell here,
come hither only m the hne Seatoii, in order to tidi, and
rttirc on thi' Approaeli of Winter, as m.iny of the Sub-
•Kts of the RiiJIum Mnipire, and the Inhabit.ints of Davn's
Mrcig'its vho, after they have throughly provideil thein-
ftlvcs with Hlhcn theCoaft"-, of a trozen Climate, retire
firthfr within l.md, ami i at, during the Winter, in their
Cabins, the l-ilh they have taken in the Summer. 1 lay
liihir, fays he, that if the i'eople, who are to Ik met
With in liranhvul, .iiul Davis\ Streights, are to be relied
on, they inlorm us, that the Country is inhabited, even to
the Height of -o' ill Winter as well as Summer ; .ind
>*h,it IS pracbcahic in one Country, cannot julUy be reputed
i"crcdible when fuppoled in another. 'I'hc contrary \N inds
hiving driven thele Dutib Ships .-,01 > l.e.igues trom the
t-ontincnt, the C'onumxlore Ulieved, that he was now
[^»vond Caiic Horn, and thereiore Iheied Northeafl and
i^; North, in order to fall m with the Coatl vi'Cci'i. After
(ommuing thi'. Coiirte lor three Weeks, and teeing no
•Ji'd, they beg.m to conclude, that they had not doubled
Upe lit)-,!, but had tlood aw.iy Northerly t(xj foon. On
j !-c loth ot Mtirth, however, being in the Latitude ot
r'30, they difiovetvd, to their great jcv, the long
>^'lhal-tor Coift of Ch/,, and foon alter ancliured on the
Uoil ol tlie llbnd Moibti, whiJi is three l,t agues from
'•-Continent. 'I'hey were in hopes ot tinaing on this
'■ •(■i!. at leall, a I'art of the Refrcflimer.ts tiuy w.inted.but
i'^- cljjccully frelh Meat and 1 lerbs •. but, to th.n great
■^ri/e, were iiitappointcd, bv peroiMiig it iiitirely
■-^^■■o;;ecl, md that all us Inii.lbitants had tranlpoited
■-inidvts to the M»iii.J3tid. 'liuylaw, however, upon
''";'i«, a Multitude ot Horle.s and Bir Is ; and, in two
•'Mis i.e.ir ih;:S;.oK., thcy luuiid tome l>)g;. Upon a
l'-i-ir.in| tlol,, .Search, they dilcovered the U're.k of .1
/"'•■'/'J Ship, Iron, whenee ihev concluded the Dogs lud
\p un Ihore. A, to the Uorfes, they concluded, tlut
*y were kit there to graze, and that ilini Uwn.n. came
'•'^-^tfiin tinic< trtiiii thi- M.nn to t.d.e tlv ni up, as they

had Occafion fortheni. They killed .ilnindaiu- of (Mefu
ami Ducks; and, alter iiaving traverted evi ry I'ait ol the
Country, linding the C(mII extremely roiky, and no I'laco
where they could aiK hor with Safety, they relLlved 10
put to Sea again without Delay.

<). Hut, betore they ixecuted this Relolution, the ( om-
moilore heldaCouiKil with hisOliicers, inorder toconlidef
how they llioidd proceed, and what Courle was to be taken
next -, in wfucli it w.is determined to continue, tor fome
time, on the Coall of C/mH, in hopes of meeting withloine
Port where they might anchor with Satety, and git Ionic
Retrelhments. This Relolution, iiowevcr, they utter-
wanls laid al'ide, b(caule they pcrceivi'il the Sf.ninnilt
everywhere upon their Ciuaril, anil their CoalU to well
provided, th.it it would have been dangerous tor them t«
have made any Attempt. They likewile obferved, tli.it,
notwithllamliiig the Country ot Chi/i appeared extrava-
gantly high at a Diftancc, yet, as they lailed along-lliorp,
they diliovered it was not higher th.in the /'.«;f///!) Coatt,
and th.it they h.id been led into this Miftake by the pro-
digious 1 1( ighr of the Mountains behind it , ilie Tops of
which were hid in the Clouds, and covered with perpiturtl
Snows. .Alter much Deliberation, the Commu lore anil
yjfriiti'i (ialley, wliieh no Storms could ever lepar.ite trom
liim, llcered Wert North-well for the Ill.ind ot Juan Itr-
tianJez, at the Diltance, as they apprcluiuled, ot about
ninety Leagues. As they had a tavouiabic Wind, they
ma'.'.e \S .ly at a great Rate, fothat on the 4th Day they \ud
Sight ol the liland, but could not come to an iUiclior in
the Road, by realon of its tailing calm.

I he n< xt Day, wiien they were jult ready to go in, tlu'/
law, to their excdive Surprize, a Ship riduig there. At
tiill Sight, tluy conjeclund, that the was either a i'/i((W//4
Ship ot liM\i', or a /•>•(•«< /j Interloper 1 but, upon luuitj
mature Coniideiation, they concluded, the mull be 4
I'liate. While ti.ey wife conlulting wh.it was belt to Iw
done, tluy law the Shallop, belonging to the Ship, in (he
Real, making tow.iids them, with a i>]f<;«;/Zi Mag i upon
whicli tluy puparcd tor an L''.ngagenient 1 but their
Am.i/.emeii: was not to be deleribed, when, on its nearer
Appro.kh, Ibni' ol the S.iilors cried out, I hat it was thg
Sh.illop of the iunhove.';, their Contort, feparatultrom thein
three Months betoie in the Storm, and which they con*
cludeil had been buried in the Waves. Captain iiuiimHH
liimfelt was in the Shallop, who, upon this Occalioii,
Ihewid how well he deleiTed the 'Irilll th.lt had been
rejioled in him ; lor, by the Commodore's Orders, m cafe
ol a Separ.ition, this was to be the tirfl I'laee of Ren-
dezvous ; and, alter eruiling tor t"ix Weeks tluy were tO
repair to the I leight of iS ' South Latitude, ami to cruilb
there tor the fame Space of I'liiu ; but, incite they tailed
in meeting the Commodore m lioth I'laces, tluy were then
to open their I'e.ikd inthuctions, delivered with theirCuin-
miUlons, and to purlue tium ix.uttly. As foon as Cap-
tain lioicaitiii w.f^ on board, he nuule the Signal agreed oil
with Ins own .''hip, in order to .icquaint them, that thele
two Ships were their Conli)rts 1 lb that, entering into the
1 l.irbour, they lahitevl each other reciprocally with live
I'ieces ut C.innon. As loon as they had Leillire to enter
into I'artiiulais the Captain gave them an /Xccount ot all
tlut had happer.ed liiiee their Sejiaration. He aei]uaint''U
them with the D.ingers he had run through in palling the
Streights ot .VA;i; </.'</«, what Stoims and Tempells ho luJ
met with on the Coall ot .Imcrua; and, in the End, lieely
aiknowk\lgid, t!iat he conclud.ed the CommoJore, and the
.//;■;. ,;«(i.ill(y, wire both loll m the 1 luincuie, and in ver
expeiJUd to tie them moie. lie likewill; ti>ld them, that
his Ship was m a very bad. Cundition, and that he ai rivetl
in this Ro.ul only the I'.vmiiig betore. Alter hearing thil,
the Captains dined veiy che.irlully togetlicr on boanl the
I'ldiboViH, where tluy commili rated their p.i'.l Mef atunes,
and leioicid at thi ir prelent Meeting in Satety. As there
lh!l continued a d.iad Calm, it \\.i impoHi'.ile fur them to
come to an .'\nchor in the I'ia. c wiietv; they intcn.led, an4
theretore tluy wire obliged to iMuaui tlut Night in lour-
Icore I'athom Water-, but the next Day they p,ot up clute
by the riiKho'-.-ii:, where they .iiiehored in tony l-'athotm
Water, t!iai \ell'el lymg withm Muliiuet-lhuc tf (he

Slxre.

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Jhc V () Y A C^ F S of

Euok I.

As foon M the Ship* w re hrouRht to an Am hor. they
hoilhil out thur Shallops, n order ui iVml the Suk <m
fhorr, a\ well aj to look tor Prov\lion» ijkI Kftrcihrnmis:
Anil as foon asthcMinUiiJc.!, who wrrcappoimr.lto t.ikc
a Vu w ot tlu- llland, acd amon|;ll whom ihr Autluir w.is
one. thrv bc^m to confulcr the iT«)|ynll Mcthott lorml-
lcCting together what miglit l)e mtedary towjnis \<<\\W\v\if,

C'al>ins or Huti tor the- UlV of the Sm

•nimbly

they got togettur a great (^lantitv ot Oat-lhaw, wiiii
which thty tiutched tlic Huts, th.ir were loon ninup wrth
grein Boughs. This may reafonably luipiile the Ki.uhr,
who probably might not exiiccl to hear ot Oa(s in .ui uii-
inhibitai Wanii :'Aih1, ,nUicki, the Author itou i ot pic-
tcnd to jiCCQ\m tor thurtoiimig there -, tor lu lays i>laii.ly.
that It was a Uoiibt wiih him, whether they giew th( r^. if
ihemiilves or liad been fowed. He ffx-aks iiktwilc of
Mullard feed and Tumep', but coniplair.s that the latter
were very bitter. In the Couric of thtfe Voyages wc
have met with I'tveral Delcnptioas ol thefc Illandsof y«d»
htrnrndtz- and therefore we IhalJ ciii'peni^ here witii loine
of (he Dutib Author's Kciv.arks -, bw fheie are others of
loi> great lm|X)rtanre to be flighted, elpeiially wlu-n we
conikter 'he Utfigii w;th which they iwre made. Accord-
ing, therefore, to this Writer, the larger Ifland ot "Ju.'.n
trntMtln is one of the Rnetl and bcft fliiiaicd Countries
in t'- World , the Chinate equally pleal'ant and whol-
(ome 1 the Air fo u-mjxrate and Iweef, as to reftoie Health
t« the Sick, and j;ivc a conftani Mow of S|iirits to tliol'c
that were well i which the Author hiiiifilt'exjiericiiced by
reii ;V( tirg here from a bati State ui I lealih, and a d n>
plication of l)irtem[xrs. I'hc I liiis arc covered with tall
I'rets of dirtcrtnt kinds, lit lor all lortsof L'l'es ; an.! the
Valleys arc lo fruirtui, as to picxluce, with a very little
Cultivation, all the Necellaries of Life.

Here are alundaiue of httic Rivers ar.d IVooks,
the Banks of wimli arc covcr..d with who'fonic I'lant^ i
and the W iters that run from the Mountains, tlioi'gh not
in the Icall d.ragneahlc to the Taltc, are lu elurged with
mineial I'articte, liiat they never tornipt. On tho Kail
Side ot the Bay tliere aretiiree .Mountaiivs, theirikidlemoll
ot wHkIi lelemblis the Tatie at the Cap- ot (iicd Ucfc :
Behind tluf.-, tiKrc arc many other Mountuins that ri/c to
a procii^ioos Height, and are generally covered with a very
thick M ft, efjicu.illy in the Mornings anJ Kvtnin;s:
W'heni c fur Ai.ti-.or conjectures, that thcfe are mineral Fx-
haiatioiis -, ami t.'i.it, in thele .Mountains, rich Mines niight
be found, whiih is an Obfervation that 1 have not nut
witn bct(-re. I Ic concludes his Uefcription with this Re-
mark i that, in order to give a ^uft Idea of the llland to
his Kcadt-r in a few Words, he cannot think of a bi ti r I- x-
pedicnt, than trlhng him, tliat the Country releniMts m
til rtr:K(fts, that about the Cape of Good fl»p<, where,
every body knows, the Duub luve one of the tit.ert Plan-
tatK.r.s :n the WOrki, and ihe greateft Flenfy ui ...1 I-.uro-
pean and hdian Fruits. He fpcaksmuch, as all ocr hni^-
b/b Writers do, ot the vM\ Plenty ot wild (Joats lure;
but adds, that they were fo unable to catch tliem by hunt-
ing, a:-..i lo much at a L«.is how to come at tlieir Benli- s
When ihrt, that, 'uring tli': Time they flayed htn-, they
tajcc tafted than. Btit the Truth Icems to be, tint an
uniucky .U. id ■•;.:, which br!< ' one of their Ship's .Stewards
foon alter thor Arrival, trig'ite.l them from this fert of
Sport i tor this Man, rami>:,:ig towards Kvenmg amon'j
the MuJiitatns, puch.-if llid.'.niiy from the 1 op of a R(xk,
ajid was lo'.ind nrxt Morning l>-.it to-pi res.

Our Authornunti'.nsno; cnly Sea-lionsand .Seles, whiih
are c^il.o .Sn-ialvcs, hu- Sra-ajws alto of an enormous
.'•"i/c. li;nif ot th'-m weig'i.ni^, as he afliires us, n<ar a
thoufand W. ipju . .md .u-..!-, tt..>.t this Creature is well
known in (,mi:.y, wher-r they not only rat tiic M.Oi, as
I'weetand weil-talUd Meat, hut 1-k:1i<vc it alio evceed!n<;ly
whollonie. Tlie fame Notion prevails hki will among die
Iitialjitarns ul the Ifthnih >,■ Danai, wiio crtecnrthi;,
Food a kiml ot univeM.ii Medi; me. lie; ni(nt:ons the
Plenty .iiid FAcelkncy of th- l-'nh on that C'.jalt w!t!i Ail-
:nirarion , and infoinis us, th.it, durin;.;; tluirlliort Stay
there, tli-y ruigt.', and turxi many thouland or them,
which piovedextraiirdinary gornl, and were extremely (ir
vlc'.ai'i'. ■.:.i.-i: g t!i'. r.ll ot tlie.r luni^ Voy.i-,-. '1 l„y toyk

lo much I'lme all<), as to rx.iminp very elofely theW;,
Wrak Ntoie mentioned, hut to very little Furpd ^ tir
all th.it was any way valiublc had k*tii t..ken ontof hrr
as loon ai Ihe w.is tall aw.iy. I cannot helt) inta^x/in.,
an UMerv.ition her.', the Ttutli of whi( h will be- ij|,\,„'
to every .ittentive Ke.uUr, viz. that our Author wj» it,!.
takin in thinking this a Spumji, Wreck •, finct, withu,,,'
Quellion. It was the Rrniautf of the i:pct.h .', Cipum
.v/.,/t-^(ii- loll here ex.icUy a Vear bc-fore : HoweVfr,^
Pkiimfn did not ahogfther lole their laibour, fmce 'Uni-
ot the ."^ailors, by divuig, recovered ttveral Buccsof iij.
ver I'l.it.'

Ihe Dutib Comin<Kiore, havin|; nttentively confii!ff (
tlie ..dvai.tag ous Siti:.iiion, and the many ConvimtinK,
this llland alVord(d, immrdi.itely conceived a Definn cf
lett!:ng It, IS the moll proptr I'lace that could be thoin;,,
<if, for alVording SUelier and Ritrelliment to Ships boiin<i
as ill- w.i'. to Southern I. amis; And he was eiicouragid
partiuil.irly to p'rftvcre in this Uclign, from the Cunfi-
deratKPii ot the liland's Fertility, which, as our Author
oblerves. allowed them no Realon to doiilx, that it wcmld
alVord liitliciei't SuMlhme t(.r ooo Familks at Ifalt;
Huwevtr, this, like the Scttltment of Btlgl* Mmi
W.IS J ut otV to tluir Return -, |iy which Acudrm ;t lu|>
pened. that neither ot thdc lllamls was leftK-d at all. !•
m\i(l !)■ allowed, that Ixith thele f'rojicts of the /)u,i»
Commodore were every w.iy wile .iiul prudent, and DitwpJ
how lit a Man t-.e was to ex(i.iite what hi. l-atlirr ha,lri^
figned i for, hy the I lelp ot thele two Colonies, iirn'oibt-
ei:ly 'he Southern Ixdii) had Iven, by this time, fffct,.
ftlly thicoveicd. The lormer .Sciileniert would lu^ ,■ i:-
forded a proper I'laie for Ships to careen in, ami re.'t, adrr
to long a \ oyage as Inmi hur'^pf to the Strciglitj t4 ,li).
iie.'/iifi J and the l.itt; r would have turnithed llirm withtl
imaginable Convcnicncies tor repairing wh.itcver Iivuri.i
they might luve received by lb hazardous a I'airjgemiha
round Cape i/on. 1 therefore venture to proncurcc \::k
bell-laid Sthenic tor jnoinotirg Southern Dilcovrnr',
that ever y( t entered the Hi ad ot Man ; aid 1 make no
manner ot CJiitlticjn, that wliai< vir N.ition iFall rev;vearJ
prolccute Mr. A' cji^4 ■»/•«« 's I'lan, wid tvajine, inalc»
Years, Mailer ot .is rich .ind protiiable a Commerce, mk
Spgnturds lave troin their own Country to Mtxtti ^
i'erti, or the Poii:ii:i(ff to Bra/il.

lo. As t.icy were now ready to enter on the Difcovrms
tiie Hopes ot which haei brougi.t them mto thofc Sm,
it was but i.atiiral tor the Cotnniodi i , and hi* princi[j|
Otlii I rs, to lay letore the Ship's C < nij any a I'ait ot i."*
R;«lt/s, whkh induced them to tx-,i;ire their I'aiiis jM
Labour would vmi k- dnownaway. CJur Author h4>|»
li-rved the Sut^llaiue ol thole Dilcourles, whii h are, K)i'rJ
Ciixl'.ion, the molt valuable Fan ot his Book, in.il'iiu".a
ti.ey uiltii guilh Ixtwien \N'arderers or Advcmurer«, »^
know not vshat t!i(y leek, and I'uch ai h.ve ar^al lit.o'i
the hor.uurable Name of Dillovncrs, as gong in aCLiI
Sca.ct»ol what th.'ir prudent lorcfight ha.^ rtiewed Lvm
might \>: tound \ and alfoplentilully reward their rrmiNr "i
linding. 'J'h'' mam I'lid propolid, in liirh .^t.tfcsas 'xb-
till liy C<jmiv re, with reganl to l)il<.oveiies, isthetiivi-
iiig huh Ci-ui.tiKs as m.iy take ott' their Commtditicsi'^J
l)c in a C< n,:;tii n to furnilh them witli what may be iro:t
vah!.ible in Return. It is agreeal le to Reali.n, and luHiW
by I'xijerieiKc, that Countries rxecllively cold arc g«-
rally barren; aiul that thole which are immo<!crateiy .H %
are lot the n.oll tiuiihil : It lollows th-refore, that 'J:?
inu'dle Cliir.iit s are, by the Ijws of N.iture, tlie ircl^
truitlul. In ord.ei to ditlinguilli thole, we are to remernHft,
that, in th/ 1 lr>.;,ht (,t 00 jo', tlu' i>ays are twenty if-f
1 louis long; and tonlaiiicntly the mid ilc Climate, wjiif''
(ieogi.i| liciv have diltipguilhid in their 'libles for the I'l:''-.
Will \K toundi in t!ie \ leiglit of -^H . U ifiis appeais agrK-
al)lc to Ucu!' n, u ftuns to be put (Hit ot doubt, wh'n*?
join the ArgLir.iiits dnivrd troni Kxj>erience ; t<Titi!W
l)r illowu', that loch Provinces of liarbary, Ptrfia, Sjri:,
CbaUtn, and Iiniejlcin, a.s well .,s the Iflands (^tiJut, 0;'; '
ami j'npaii, which he all in this Cliiiiiilf, that is i" '^^
from the thirtieth to the thirty-ri)Mh Degree of Lant'.::f.
are the lidielL [Iralanreft, and moll truittui Countr:'*:^
•he VVofid. 'ihe lainv thing \h rcinaikable infheCoui'r'
a u

Chap. I.

Comnwdorc Wo r. \ |. w i i n.

iCf;

of !:,m.M^ wHm^ the rrm'inr. cf c;,./,.V. t;..-, rOrmuv
tht UirflK •ir'' tnon triittlul, bfiauie iituatcrl t.irthrit to tht

North, ancl cor.lcqwntly ncArctt to that Lautude we ri

In the Ne* VofU •8'""> 'f^^ Prcvinre* of CuroliHn,
f Vfu'/t. >»• A/'-v-'-'. ^O'* CiH/onLJ, All lyiiip, in the titrli
N.'rth Clii'i'tf- «••■'■ Cull ipjrjWc, HI iifiint ot B'-aury and
}jtility. I" '"7 ''•"■' "' '^'" '<"''^" ^^^rl<^ • 3'"' " '' '"''■•
,j,j,ly jcirit Kaiilt in tli-tr Irh^hiunts i^ot lo luvc tulfi-
vitcd thoK CLun;rlf^ as tlvy d.fcrve. In .'.'fw/* .imtrun,
ari;n, ilir I'rovinrfi in tlii'* C'litiutr iqvi.il la BiJtity, ami
in Ricli.*! ••">■ <. oiintrrs hithTto dil(o\\r;'d. I lu- Ca|v
ttOV./ //'/•"< loflurmmv', a Fl.icr, ihif thne are vuy
(fwCiiinirus tli.it rqiul, and r.ont- th.it firp.sr* ir. Tlic
Arthiit is cxffedini'Jy wholfoirf •, the Soi! prodiic(s, in
jl-iir('atnt, V' t;', Cnrn, and iIil* iTx.ft fxi-llnit I-ruits -,
ihiy have likcwilt' fiirh infinite (iiuntifii'^ ot Cattle, tanv:
j'lHl Willi li>w!> 'hat ih- rifiplr live, as it w,ic, in I'aiM-
H: The 1 1> "try id CJ.'i!i ^^ li';<wifr riM.iidnfd ai one
ot the fintll in the VNorld •. ar.d t!;c City of St. Inge, its
Critd, rtjwls m the I.innide of 3^' 40 South. \'\w
tmuirdi would have us IkIi'.vc, that there is notliin^',
f^v.il to It I trd It iS at t!v fame tinr-, (ertain, that the
P.'cv.naslvhind if, and which extend cjuitc to tht- North
5ms .irealTioll incredibly tiiiirlil.

S.:fh as are acquainti'd with dirt< rent Climates will readily
jiree wi'i'. x<. fat die I it.t? is intK h greater in the in.uul
C'jl n, and on the Coall ot Malabnr, than m the Couii-
trifslitiiatc\lu"der the Torrid Zone, and in ihcfirO Climate'.
{;n thf other Si 'e it is certain, that rhr Kii:;;d()m < f At-n-
fr/, an,! th;' (.01 niiy ot S::r(it, is fliil iiv.:(h warmer than
MdlA'/tr, a<. being >n the third I. liniate, wIktims Mal^tbar
iimthe kiond. Tuc VVamith <jt the Air, and tlie Fer-
tility of till- Sell, itTriaie from ^iirnt to /)f('/f, wliirh is
theCapiul ot the Domin'ons ot the (jre.it Mcgul^ x\\^_
foimcr lying in :i, and tiie lattenn 30 ' latitude. 1 he
Hut IS mirh (Tu-arer at GaWiJrc«, which is feated on the
Guliih ot Baljorn, than at Sunt!, the former being in the
fourth tlimaic. All that 1 have advanced is fo clear, and
*iih«l fo (tita n, that it is not liable to the leat^ Objeftion :
Fromthrfc Rdsirks, founded upon I'xperience, we may
juilly inter, Ivcaufe we ran invincibly prove, that the fifth
Cliiriate is liiperior to th.e refl, and the Countries fcatcd
therein, th* bffl and the nioft fertile ; if !■; was not fo, the
Heat und^Ttlie Torrid Zone would lie a' .olutely inlijpport-
ablc, the Earth would lie liirnt up, ad incapalilr ot pro-
iluiitig any thing tor the Nourillim.nt of N!, n, or the Sub-
fifttnccffHtalb. On the other ham!, the Northern Coun-
triiJ, enn in the midll ot Sunimei, would have fo little
Hfjt, that they woi:ld produ<e notlilnf^: We fee, how-
rrr, that in our Noithirn Kegion«, liich, for Inllancc, as
fcfi/ffl, Pcland, and liionia, the Foric of the Sun pro-
('.uces, in a Kurinight or three Weeks, as j^reat F.ftects, as
m two or thre..' Monthv in tljc Countries under the i.inc
itfdt: ll.cKeall'n is plainly th:s, tliat in the Nortliern
Ciur.tw, the Nr^r.ts b;ii\g extremely fh Mt, the l-'.ait!i
hii not tim- to Cf ol, U:t rcii;.ii!is toiitmti.dly heatui, and
tiui, to ii Df^ri r, fonutlriKS as veh mint as unc'er the
iitll ChnMte : But this does not lift ionu^ ; for as loon as
ll* Rayt ul t'li' Sun \x-!x,in to f.d! (bli ]Ui ly, the Nij^lits
S'liw liifij;, whlih IS r!i; Keafon, th.it, m tlrfe CV.iir.tri' s,
!fiil:fr l'!..nts nor Fruits eve arrive .it full Maturity.
The Coiintrits in the l^xth C limate aie !efi i rtile than
ihiifc III thi- l.ith •, an<l, for t!ie fime Keafon, ttte llv.nth,
'ghdi, ani'.i.intli Chmates yu Id to the fixth 1 ard t'.u>
tiie Kxhi .Is ana 1 ertdity ot the Soil lonn.intly and rr..i(.
I'tlYiliinimlhe'. 10 rhe twtnty-tourtli Climate, undtrwhuh
«• (he Li^''Ui"Ji, (he Ixtremity of Kti/ia ar.d i>:ifn.i.
oamcluJe, it a Travel! r had a mind 10 put tins to the
Id., bynialiirg a Voyage through ail the diHlr nt C'li-
ni«n <.'t the Lirth, he \vould certainlv rtnd the Poli'l- n
w''^ lii.l ilown, -.13, thai the moll tru'itfol, the molt de-
'«httii , aiH', .1 ^ .niequcr.ce, the iriolf delirable Counti:- ■,
Ij^ m the Mltii •: linate, ttitain ar.d intoiitellable. bin h a
J^'ri!. ywoul.t !i,ul hiiii to 'lyrt in .Vvr,</, tl>.e Country aliout
I'f'^h all \Vri!us agree to be- tlie n'oll dtlightlid ; tlieiae
f" luoht to I'rotiea to Tunis, and .ilong the Coall of n.ir-
'^'y, .ekbrutnl li!<cwife lor the ^\ hoUomenef-, of the
Ai , iuA thtl-trtility of the Soil: He muit take the Caiie
^...'aa. 15. '

of ^.'(W //'./!(• alio ill Ins ralTai^e, v.'hei'- he woidd tin I \
Country lo\ ( ly beyi lul Delmption i l.iftly, he mull pro-
ceed to Kdiikin, and the I'ruviiire of llniun, in ('.bunt -,
Init if he would liivc hlmlMf dn'. Trouble, let him txa-
min-' the \ei<jiints oi tlioie who li.iVe liem in iliel'eLouii-
tiies, and he will no lon^ei have any Doubts,

n, Th'-yV/'i/'' ommodore, wl'. 11 he tiuitted the Manil
of Juan Feriiatidr : , projHjIed to vilit fl .t I'art ot tfie
.Souihtrn Cor.tiiMit, wliich w.is reportij lo be .liiaivirtd
by Captain /)</t/. , in the Yiar lOS.j. Out Author ijivvi
us but a d.uk Aieoimt ot tins Matter \ and theretote I
ftiall inl.it, as n 1. viry (lion, Mr. /r^/^r's Story ot this
Din overy. I le 'a.is a Man ot .Senle and Knowidtv, ^"'d
ai'lually on boanl ("ajir.iiii Ihi.is' ^ bhip, wlun the Dilco-
vety was m.ide. " We ll.eiul, laid In, fioin the GW.'fl-
" />^i;;'i Klands, .''oufh and by I".af\, half J'.aftcrly, until
*' wecame to the Latitude of 27^ .'.o South-, when, about
" twelve llmir. ktine Day, we tell in v.-ith a low (inall
" liinily lila'.d, and heard agreit loaiing Noife, like that
" ot the S..I b atiMjr upon the Shore, right a head of the
" Ship: W In reuiKiii the Sailors, ft aring to tall fuul up(jn
" the Shoi • belijie Day, delirtd the Captain to put the
*' Ship about, and to ftand (tr till Day appeared i to
" wldch tlv C'ai rain {^ave Ins Confcnt : So we plied off
" till Day, and theiilloo 1 in .iimiii with the Land, which
" proved to be a (mall H,it Iil.md, without the Guard of
*' any Hoiks: We Hood in within a Courier ot a Mile
'♦ of the Shore, and could lee it plainly ; tor it was a clear
" Morninp;, not foj^-gy nor ha/y. To the Wtllward
" about twelve !,fa['ue', I v Judgment, w,; (aw a Rani.^e
*' of lli;!;!i Ian I, whi.h \s • ifik to be the in.inis . tor
•' there weic feveial I'.irtiti.i.s in the I'rofpert. This
" Land fcemed to reach a! out fourteen or fixtten Leagues
*' in a K,i!'ge ; and there eame gnat Floeks of Fowls: I,
•• end many more ot our Men, would have made this
" Lund, and have gone allioi ear it, but the Captain would
" not permit us. The (inall lilund bears from Copayapt
*' almofl due l.all, 500 Lrai^ucs-, and from the 6W/<//i<j^o/,
" under the Line, 600 Leagues." We fee by thii, that
Mr. Re^gr.tcin's Scheme was built, not only 011 a rational
Conjt e'hire, but, as far as might be, on tlie Lights afi'ordcd
by F.xpeiience. He thoufjht he had good Cjrounds to be-
lieve, that there was a Southern Continent -, and this Ac-
count of Davis's, for under his Name it has always gone,
and in the Maps we find it marked by the Name of Da-
w's Land, (liewcd itl'df I'art ot it 1 which therefore he
meant firll to examine.

In their I'aili'.ge, the tii-ft Land they faw, w.is that of the
lefTer liland of Juan fcrnandcz, which lies about ten
Miles liom tlie great one, appeals lower, and lets lertile, at
a Uiftance •, bur, as our Dutch DilLoverirs had not an Op-
portunity ot landn;.', seetatinot depend much upon thcif
Account of it. As they had now the Ueiielit of the South-
eall Monlbop, they quicl.ly arrived in the Latitude o(
21 Dejriec<^, and in the Longitude of two hundred and
b!ty-one, wh-re rliry rxpcted to have in'-t with Dcfis'i
I and, of which ulio tliey had the givatcft and mod pro-
bable Ifop'-s, w'Kn thty 1 erc.-ived ;.buni!ance of Fowls
tiyin;'„ .mi ol llrve.l alio, diat the \\ ind flufttd often, both
which are Ion's e^i upon .is cnt.iin .""isrs of Land. Some
e;fthe Comp-i.y tlat:er^d themfclves tliat they liw iti but,
to the great Cirief, and nofniall Alloniflimer.t, of the Com-
mridore, no fuch 1 .and was to be found. Our Author
th'nks, that eith r t!iey palVed it, or thilt there is no fucli
Country. I mult: own, that I do not wonder they milled
it; for whoever cinli! rs .Mr. //'.j/.-r's Dellriptiai at-
ttnrively, will lee th.it they li)i.!^!,lu it near ten IVgrers too
tar t.> th.e \V'elh Our .Vut'ior obCeiVis aturwards very
Icnlibly, tli.it, as thele Southern Co'.mtiieslieK'fc and We(t,
cr to t!ir l''afl .'.e.d to the Soutli wilf, thu Situation renders
ir ahnoll imjM.ietieable to dilcover them -, for a Wtft
N(!rt!vwell \N iiu! larries .1 Ship by tiiem at I'unie I)ithince»
and a North-Well Wind be.iis a Ship quite away from tlicmi
lo that, while tin te VVind.s reign, tlie Sc.ucti nuift, hu-
manly Ijx .ikiiijj;, l-e abfolutt ly vain. '1 he Cenlidcration
of this will futiicicnily expliin the Accounts hiri.ertogivtri
lisi.f tliele S( u;h;rn Ci'Uiuries ; they are Iceii, ab it were,
accidentally, and. byeiianeei when looked (eir, they are ivit
to be t'ound. This to I'ueh at are iiiadvemiu, bring*
: Y funni-r

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t.ttnirt PilWw.tiii ihjo Diiill. anil iv.n ihm Lomnti;'! ■.

iNIi A im,.' ■nii.ll]llll. .lint ,1 lin.ill AtillUlnUMii Willi til.'

N^uii' ..I 1(1.1. liii. n', will lu »" f'H'« JH-""* *"" *;
mo<l iMily «Miii"(l I ihi-tiu.iK rli.it l.i|it.im /).r.7Htu-ri>',
in i.r.t<r tu h l,iii<iiu-i', tn.it In-* w.is .1 irw Ui'r.tviry, 4i.il
ih.i, l<y I .. liitK W urii . t! i» t.uintiy n\\'i,Ud^ »^>"i>»l •'U*'"-
Hut f 1 ini'i "I'll Willi luir V(iy i|>,f :

III,' Ihi.h r:(m)ni.'.!on- l.ul.i! ^Vl■ft tw.lvc Pu'.rr »,
Imviii,. III!; S I'Jit I't .1 vjll NiinilxT ol Hinls wlmli •I'l' ml'"''
lliiMii, till ih' y .inivi.l oil ilic CuiH ol .i iiiull III iml. Jl"«'"|
liHii.n l,«,i['u>Mi I'xunt; v.liifli liUnil. a^ ihcy I'.iloiv.n i
It III) /■,///,r 7.(v. wlii.li I'll lh.it Vc.ir im tin- , ^ <'l •//''"■
llicv t.ili.il /'.(./' IT /.'//.'• ijlixl 'lUc Jfini>i(>ei!o<
lK|n(4 ih( (ill 1 1. II, am! with.i! tlii' Ull -S.ilvr m ihr .n;im
tli»it, went Itrll tdiximiiu-tliKiHwC'i'iintry, .iiiliii'irtal.
|li,il tt l.iiiinl In Iv v«ry t. itilc, aiui »iil...l will ihlul):tf>!
e.H., iiiuT tli''V lul lull alniufaiuf ot .Sm iki- 111 all I'^rts".:
It \ wliui. fAV ['t>.\t }<')■ t.) till' CimiimK.'i.rc, who imtnr
ili„|ily hdilvu', tli.it "tlw wlioli: .S<nui!r.:ii lliiiuM no m.
'I III iKHt D.y t'uy I'lHiu 11 lo ikin^lor.! I'oit \ .ind, wlicii
l!uv mi. 4l'"iit iwo Mill', iroiii till' slioic, .m /»,•,.'.<(» i .inv.'
Ill) 10 tltfin III lll^ Cimv. i licy m.uli' Si;;tis lo him to i oiiv
on U'.U.1 1 Willi li 111- vtry n-.iiii!y I'.i.!, .ml was r»iu!innly
Will rmiviil. .\» III* w,h lukitl, lilt lull I'Kliiit iluy
III nil liiiii w.ii t I'.o ' lit I loth to coviT liiiiv Til y t'.tvc
liiin likiwili I'lui* lit Coral, Hrails, anil otlur Biulilu, .ill
wim li, li'gi tlicr witli a liriul 1 i(h, lie luiiin alx)ut lii\ Nu k.
I |i» ll..»l)' \v,ik |Miii:i\t ail i.vir Muliali kiiui ot l-njiirtj; his
ii,ii\iul ttMii| KxiDii aim .mil to Ix- a il.itk-l-iown, ami his
Imh ixuirivi'y Lirgf ami lonn i lbth.it tlii-y hunj; ilown
»i|imm III* .ShoiiMin, iHialiotuil, mi iloulit, by the wcarini;
nt Imi iiMH* I'll l.irj;r ami hiavy, as to ixtcml ilnin in this
MaiiM' I . wliiih IS .1 thiiig hki'ssik [iraCtili-il by thi- Nigrors
ill th'" /^/'x;*."* Country, who ni.ikc their I ars lar^ii- ami
lonnliy till l.iiiic .Mtiliuil. 1 1 ■ was tall, will niaili, rolniH,
4in>l ol it V ly h.i|'| y Countinamc. He was bulk, actlvr,
tinil iii'|"jnil to k iiuriy, by his Gcftiircs ami M-mnrr ol
I'l" akiiij; rill y (;av,: hiiii a dials ot Wine to Jrmk, which
111' tliM'w aw.iy III 4 Maiiiur ih.it lurprilfil thi ni. Our Au-
thor lliinks 111' w.us alr.ihl ot Uing ixjiioncil i hut, |)erha[«,
(irinU iil'al to Water, the Sn'ili ot a ilrong I.iquor mi^;ht
1)11' II I him, I Iv y mut LJiuthcii him I'rotn Head to Kocit,
mill il.H'|Hil !iim an 1 lat on -, with which he was not at all
t'liarn^ I ut lliimil to U- aukward ami uiitaly. I'hcy gave
liiiii ViOuals whi li he cat heartily -, but coukl not Ix- jx-r-
fii.tiliil to uli iit!ur Knile or Foik. I hey thru oriicrni
ll>iii Mih'i t) I'lay i with which he was extremely well
ilnliil, .III ', wiiciiever they took hiin by the HanJ, wouKl
>. .i|i diul il.iii ! . As iliey tound it inipoirihlc to conic to an
Ahi hill tli.it Day, they thouijht proper to feml otV tiic In-
ili<»i, .illotting him, liowiver, to keep wh.U he hoil got,
in ori!tr in cmoiirjge others ; but, wlut is really furprilirij^,
till i^ior Cri .iturc hail no miiul to go. 1 Ic lixikn.! it thmi
mi'i Hignt . hi lirlil up l)oth his I lands towards his na-
fiVi Ill.ind, and irr.d out in a vtry audible an 1 liiihr.it
V'niir, Oiy'.m_;vi ' e.krrt^.t' odcrrcj^a' 'I'iicy had n.iich-
.1 lo to |/it hiMi int'i Ills Canoe ; ami he maile them cK.irly
loilit'f'litiul, ly l.is .SiL^iis, that hcludiiuuh r..tlier they
would have larrud him in th.ir -Ship.

'I liry im.ij;imd he calkd upon his (ioii, IhciuIc, when
thy ianddl, ili, y law abumiajice ot' Idols erected o;i the
I nail Th" mxt Morning by Day break, tii-y iniend a
dulphin tic Sout!i-<. ill Side oi the liLimU and m.»iy thi.u-
faiuK III the lnlaliit.ints, as our Author lays, rani' down
In lliut tluiii, bringing With tliem vail (^lar.titi- s oi Fowls
.tiiil Uoot«. Many tame on Ixjard them with ihefe I'rovi-
I'loh*, Aj lor the refl, they ran to and lio trom I'lac; to
I'lau', like wild Ik .ills. As the Siups drew nearer, liuy
(toild.d down t.) the .Sl„,rf, in order to luive the better
\'iiw i.t till 111 \ an.l .It ih • U;iv tnie lighte ! lire, and ot-
litr.l (o their idol,, pn-bbly tj i::i;)l ,:c their I'ruteetion
4n.ilnll lliife Stra-i^ers. A'l t.i.u l),,y Va- Duhb I'pent in
lim .r.nt^ iliiii .Ships, "i'.ie next .Muriiin-^ very early, they
(.bl'lVcd th" I'eo, Iv p-o(lral..l I .U.it t .. ir Idols towards
III'' fif'iiig "^.lii, ,i,iii oir.rumh in Hunu-ourings. All the
n-'ielLiiy f'lej.jiatums w.u nude lor a Diiceit, when the
ffinilly liiJiim, w.'io In i Ivi-n wiiii th in b.tore, tame
Ol l-j,tr ' a !.«' n.t tune, .imi bioui^.'it wiCi i.in atjuml.intc
ol hi^ C'jjiitiyiivn, w.'.o, tu iiuk.- :;um:c;v.i weltome.

tiii'k lu. to l''i I thur I IIMHH with |sleii?v ol !ivi'gK,»,
andol 10 oiMluiuilaltii llu ir Maiiiii r. I lieie\S4.,,ii|,, ,,,,!
lh!» Ir.inpnl W/'iwi. Olio .Man |vitiitly wlnu, m»i„j
I ir« h'.ii'p, r. i.ml wititi l'< ii ;aiits, as b ;; .is oi., M ,ii. n
lul an .\iriKirirmlv ih vooi, and Irenuil Id be mi! nit., -
I'lirlls. Ol" 1.1 till I laiulir* was, tumc way ir oilm,
{•111 I'l jii our Alielii't's U onls, liu.l .!ca.l in ins tuin* i,'
4 Mu)':uct. This ui luiky .\«iidi'iii threw tlum iiitDi.^,
atoiilt' nut'xi, that tie bul I'att .il iliuii iImij; ,||,nii';v .,
ut oiiti Into tin .St. I, III oiiiirtit Hit the Ujumr alLt,
'riiir. I', who ifiiiaiiiiil 111 tlitii ( amxs, nmcit »ifli ^.i
their I ori t , III null r ome ntofi- tu attain a i'lau ul Sattt^.

llu /;«.r.i p.iliiiily t.illi'wcil till 111, .111.1 mad. the')
Ion;; ivilliid-lnr Deliei.t with I .u .Sok'iers .ind .Vimti.
Aiiiiiim thil'' wiie the I iiinniodoir in I'lilim, ind liv;
,\uihor, will' lotnmaii.lMl ilit Land loriTs. Ihcl'i.iJc
iHHiilvd lo t..iiil Upon ill' Ml, that tluy thoiiglit iliiniliiv.t
oIiip,id to make w.v by I om ripiiLilly aiKnirolih m
were lo Uild, as to lay lioUl •'! their Arm . 'i'lir Dui,
tiKH I'lred thir lore, sshuh dil'iK iliil th in, and ln^hi 1
them .iliiioll out ot till II \S itsi and yet, in a lew M'/mci;i,
they ralliid again. '1 hev di.l not, iiow, vir, ailvir»i que
I'o lir t'l their iuw(iuiils as Ixloie, but kejl at tS i;.
Ibiiite ol alviut ten YanS, lupporni^ that thitc tl'V
might Iv laie Iri'iii the MultitietJ. It liap(xntil, lyuu:
Author, untortonatcly, liy this lingle Diltliargc a ^: .;
many wire killul, ami, atnuiig tin in, the \\m /m.j,
that h.id Uiii twiie on Ui.ird i whuli [\x\: t'.ieni ^k.[
L'oncerr. : Vit tlule giMnl IVopk, (oilinue* lie, h-oui,,.:
us, in Kilurn \"t the i\i:M\ iJinhes we Iiad given tliem, V4,i
plenty of I'rovilioiis ot all Kinds, 'i heir Cimlli rut i*,
liowcvtr, was veiy i',rat, and they howlto, .mil in.ulcu'-
iiial Ijmiiitaiioii. I h.il tiny m.ght have, liow." cr, w
Means untiied to pa' ily tlid'e Invaders, th.y ail, Mtr,
Wonun, and Llul.tun, prilcnteii iheiiilclvn Ixloie tScra,
with t!ie Hramhcs of i'alni, 'i. 1 oken ol l'i.iie. I,' I'lv.:,
they cmleavourrd to titlily, by the moll lu.nihic I'oikr.'!,
howdcfirous they were to inollily and in.ike 1 iKmkot uxli;
.Strangers. They even flicwetl them their Women, iii'.
them to umierllami, th.it ilicy were totally at their Diipo-
lal, and that tluy iniglit carry as many ut ihcmonbud
their .Ships as tluy jilialed.

The Dutih, lottemtl witli Tut h Tokens of I Iumility,i-,i
deep .Submilli. m, did them no further Harm i but, whik
lontrary, made them a I'rclent of a I'iccc of p.untiJ l.tti
fixty Yards long. 'I'liey gave tluni hkewilea gixxl'^x-
tity ol Coral-Uails, ami Imall l.ooking-glall'es, with«.u-
they were extremely well pleafed. .As they now law, I'li
were tully tonvii-tcd, that the Dutch intended to treat t;,*'
like I-'runds, tin y brought them at once .-,o) live K*.S
which, by the way, ihli'cretl nothing f:oin the BarniW
I'owls of £j<r()/>(', anomp.inicil with a (',reat (^luitiiyo:
red ami white Koots, a'ni I'titatoesi whiih tlcir llkv.cn
ule inlUad <.t Hre.ul. 'lluy gave th.ni likisiile ibmcLi'
dreds ol .Sugarianes, ,ind a griit tjiiaiitiiy ot i'lli"'
'I'hele are a lort ol JnJian 1 igs, as big as a (imird, iil ■>
vercvl Willi a green Kind. I'lie I'ulp of lliefe Kij;* is»'
fwnt as I loney : 'Ihcrc grow Ibiiut.mis loo ot ihel !»;
upon a (ingle llougli. '1 he Lt•avl•^ ot liii-s 'i'ree are ;;i j:
eiglit Feet long, .ind aUjut three I'eit broa I. It isi^-
that of thele l.eavi-, our I'lrll I'.ire.iti nude the Covcr.r.iji
tiny ufed .liter the.i fall , but ilii. ou. .Authoi t.i;.i»iJJ=
aiiierc Conjectuu , wuhout ai.y otiur 1 oundaiion lluntLi.
th.it thcl'e Leaves mx the laigel! .uid llroiigell ol .iiiy hithci'J
lound, either in ihe Lall, or in tin- Will. I hey lit* a
tliefe Iilands no other Aiiini.ds, than liirds et all Sorts;
lu: thiy thougii: it jroluble, that, in the 1 le irt of the"
Co..ntry, there might Ix- Catik, .ind oti.ir B-.ut-, hcCJulr,
wlieii they lluwiii t\\- luJiam I'oni- I logs a's^iiil thr;.'
Ships, tliey ;;ave t.ieni ii, undeiUand by .si;',i'', that thcv
hail fecn fjcli .\nim.ils Ix-loie. Tlity iiiikc ule "t 'S^'^'-
I'ots to d:il'> tluir Meat in, as the hutefivni .In It *?;
j'ea;c\l to the Duub, th.it tvuy lumily or Iriiic .•iiwng''''
tin 111 ha.l If. lii)aiate Village. 'Ihe lUi-.-^ or L'aLin., i^'
which tmlc \ili.i[;',s are ioin|ioled, may Lo lioui i"rty '•'
fixty Feet long, and lix or eight Feet bro.id. I '"V *■'
Ilia ie by a ceitam Nuiiilx i ol I'ohs liuck ujnii^hs •"'^'v'
.SpiCc.lH'tween lliem tilled up with a kind ol l.i oin, or 'J^
Lutli, t,)vered .it Tot) w.th l^llln Icaees. .'V. lur '.n'"'

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p r,,rSilblilKn«, tluy <!r.w it ir.rly Irom tlu' I .irt'i.

1 uTV i^""« *"*' ''"■'" " ' '^*"' ■"''' '^'"'"' '''' *■ "'"^""""'
Ml ti'ir Itik ri.iit.iiii>tn wcir iKiknl out, ami viry

r jtly iIivk''-'!. ^' ''"" '•'"''' •'>'" ^'■'•"'* ^'■'■'" ''"■''''' •''"'"'^
j||(!i II rniii* "1'' l'l'"''s H<'''»^ •*'"' Wools were in In!!
(\Uti.iiip «n'l ">ir Aurhor .liUin^ u> it w.i> li'n C)|iini<)n,
i;i4t, I' tfiiy ''•"* <"'•'«"'"■'' ''"^ I'ountry diroii-Jilv, tli< y
lii 1)11 h.ivr toiiiul .ilninJaiur ot n> ikI I lllll^',^. In tli> ir
Hoi.U', l«'*>vtf. 'I>'V li.i'i iioi miiiy Movcal)l<i, mv\
ihoi'ihry h4il wfff I't nogrcjl Value, rxccpt lomc r«.!
jni wliiff O'VirlftS flut I'trviM ihrin, wlun walking, for
^l„j,(„, arul, wli'" iVc'pim;, lor (^iiitv ■|'lii% stutlwai
j( lo't ti< I'"' I""*'' •" ■'''"*• ""''• '" ■'" A|'|'. ar.incr, was
aHii'utiiyot t'vn own i.l.i nilafluif. TIk-U- lllaiukrs wi r»-,
inKfniul, iMilk, lUmlrr, ai'livr, well m.i.K' People, aiul
vfrvt'wiitot IcK)t. riicy wrre, i;i i omt dI 'IVm|itr, ol'
4lwrcf, aarr'*ahlr, and iiuhIiIJ Diljv fition, hit cxtnimly
trniirini^ a'''! t.iinr hiaitcJ. \Miin<V!r t!iry hroiighr ihc
£)a/,£iiiil(tr l-owl<, or at>y otiier kinil <it I'lovirions, tiuy
hallilv lliri* tknilfivcs on ilirir Knee* ; ami, .« loon a<
thry liul.iclivircil tluni, r.tiieil ^^ tall an tlirir I^(',mouM
urrytlum. 'Iky were, p.-iurally IJHakmy, ol as liruwn
al.ni|)!fX,on as -""'/Wf/.m.''. Their w^re, howevrr, lorne
annn^iti'.m almoll bhuk, ami others a|:;ain white, 'riierc
wa» yit aiiotiirr kind o| IVopli', whole Skins were pcrtte'tly
nil.isil tiny had Ix-m Inimt hy thf Sun -, th-'ir l''.iis!uiiig
liflwn tu I'liT Shoiiiilcis i ami I'onie ot tiiem had white
Kil s tvir^vnn *' them, which they leomeil to confulcr .i\ a
gttat DrraiiK nt.

llirir Ikxhes were ^Minted all os'cr with the Mcurcs ot
Binls, and other Aniinals ; ami tl)n)r were imicn Ixtter
pintal, than others. All th-ir Women, in general, li.il
r. jrt;lici,il Hlixiin ii|x)n tin ir Cheeks, hut ot a C'riinlon f.ir
fiirpuiliiig .iny tiling kiuiwn to us in t.uropt; nor could the
i)ii/iiuil(.over wii.it It w.is, ot wliirh this Colour was rum-
Mai. On their li.atl^ they wore a little 1 1. at m.ide of
Kr«!s or Straw, and h.ui no other Covering than the Qviilis
htoft mentiuMfd. ["heir Women Were none ot the mo-
(itlltil \ tur, our Author liiys, tiiey Ixckoncd them into
thtir Huulls, and, when tluy fat by them, wouki throw
(4iilii.li Mar.tlis. It is very (inmilar, with re'j',aril to tliefc
iiljiiiitr*, that they law nothing that had the Appearance
of .'\ims amongll them •, but, whenever they wercatt.ickcd,
tii'.y tlal tor Shclttrand AlHtUncc to their Idols, NunitHrs
el which Wire erected all alnn^;; the C'oail. 'I'lufe .Statues
wrre all ot Monc, ot the Fij^ure ot a Man, with ^reat Ears,
aiil Ills Ilea I covered witii aCmwii, the Whole very nicely
propiitioncil, and (o liij^hly tinilh(d in every rcf|x-ft, that
the Dutch IIikkI ama^ed. Round thcle Idols there were
PalifnlcKs oi white Stone, at the nithinre ot' twenty or
thirty Vanls. I'here were many of the Inhabitants, who
lirmcd 10 bf more trcquei.t and more zealous WorlliipjHTs
ot CKir Iilnis, than tlic rett \ which made the 7)«/47» believe
thr. were tht-ir Triclh : An.! they were the rather inclined
tothinklh, becautcilKy had ni.iiiy other Maiks of nillm-
tti\r.\ liicli .w larjv white lyis hanj^inj^ at their F-irs, and
t'l'ir 11m(!s clean niav<n. 'I'hel'e I'lills wore a kind of
Bonnrtdl bia. k and wliiie Fe.itlurs, wIik h ex.uHly relem-
Innl tlinl'e (It a.storl;-, whi.li iiuluctd tiie Putib toccnieive,
that, whui tiirji- Uird.s leave liureff, I'.irtol tluni, at kali,
takc-ii;ifl;(i;- Kthdencc here.

Ilc'w.vir, I'.iys our Autlior, ujun more inature Hellec-
1^x1, 1 am lonviiiced, that tluli- Conjeaures are not well-
luumitd. It :s true, contiiuKs he, th.ir, it the .Storks f aight
• ily a «arm Climate, they mipju certainly tint it here,
'•i:cfi:-is hlaiid lus in tlie I lii!;lit of iS" ;?o'. But Kxpe-
ticicf Ihcws w. tlie ( ontrary, this Bird beiniT, in Europe .ibout
'icltniiiiinjroi thr Spnni;. For my own I'arr, my Opi-
iiun n, that, v^hen the -Stork cjuits Europe, the tlies to
•''■•'t I'kuc iimier tlie South I'olc. 'I'iie principal Motiv.-,
I; 1 may [k u, allowed to f|Kak, wine h can induce this Bird
'-'Wu cli.mj;i- liir Ciinute, is tier I'car at not fimhng in
'■^"■^/if liir jnoper IikkI Ixyonil the Aiitutiin ; and tlure-
•""• i'!<'i;<Ks in .Surch of .i Country, where Oie may tind
tat Spring, at her Airiv.il, jull l,Kj^uii,and be in no Fear of
I'l' !i n with !• ood tor lialt" tlic ^'i ar. It may be tiierelore,
t'ii;. w.un the Stoik leaves hiiropf, flu- goes in .Seardi of
'^u- into fume t linute umlcr.to or ;,ool Soiitli 1 .atitude,
^''•"-'- 111 I uiii.tru s n.t.illy unknown, or in th.it l-ind, wiucli

wa, ilif.oveml li- l/iiHfJt (JuUt^, lu the Vear x.^c)^ \ and
«lat Ihc riiiiuins tlure till Autumn, and tlicn returns to Eu-
ropi' .ii',4in. J-pifttiius, Htiiiilin, liuitiiardin, Munj]tr, and
other learned .Vhii, have wniii.n very inRcnioully iipontliti
Sulij.dt \ but, (Hrh«p>, none of th-ir ConjtdUirc* were at
all Ivttcr foundnl than thof. of cur Author. Thelc Spe-
culations appear tu many li^dit and trivial Thiiigj \ but,
with re Ijirct to natural Knywkdjv, there is fuch a Conntc-
tinn kfween Ic-emiinj Iritlcs and I hiiigs ot real Iinpott-
anc , that it i» no cafy M.itui to liy, which .ire Triflti,
an I which not. The bw.llloiic N a lu t'cient Proof of thu.
I'lthaps it we ihioughly imderlloo.; the Natiiie of Bird*
ot l'4ilaj>e, \*i might lie h-,1 iherchv to 'III tin of grc.it
CotifL'quem e, that now lie hi I, md out of Slglit. But to
return to th ■ r.opl/ m Pajih Ipmi :

The Duub tou'd not dilbni',,iilh amonj? thefe Ill.indcrs
any .ApiKrar.mcc ol liovcrnment or .Sulnjttlination, much
his any I'riiice or Chict, wlio had Dominion over ihe reft.
On the contrary, tiicy all fpoke and acted fecmingly With
equal I'redloin. 'I'he idd I'topk- .unong them wore on
ilu ir I le.ids te.itliercd Bonnets, whu h looked like tiic Down
ot Ollridges, .md had Sticks in tlieir llaiidi. 'rheyobfcrv-
cd, indeed. III pjrticular lloulLs, that the Father of tlie
lamily governed it, and w.is, with ihe grcatcll Re.idincfi,
olxyid. Tlie Author thinks, th.it tlii* llland might be fet-
tled to great .\dv.int.ii»e, in.iriiiii.ii as the Air is extremely
wiiollome, tlie .Soli veiy iich and fruitful, proper for Corn
III the h)w Lands, and, where tt rilts high, might be im-
proved into Vineyardii which, luppoling it polllljle, would
be ot inhnite Conliquence to Inch as took this Idand in their
Way, when bouiul to difcovcr dillant Lands in the South-
ern I '.irt ot tile (ilobe. Thty had doubtlcfs made much
gre.itir Dikovenes with rcfpedt to this lOand, ami polTibly
with regard to the Continent, from which, there is Rcafoti
to believe, it cannot \y: tar diftant, if they h.vl not been
obliged to leave it lliddenly, and when they Icaft cxpeifted
It. '1 he thuig happened thus :

They had been in the F.vening on (here, and the Com-
modore, on the Kejyjrt of the Otficcrs, tietermined to land
the next Morning, with a Force lufficicnt to make a ftrift
F'.xamination ot the whole Idand -, but, betbre Morning,
there arole fo llrong a Weft Wiml, as drove them from
both their Anchors j Co tiiat they were obliged to put to
Sea, to avoid being tliipwrecked ■, which, however, our
Author thinks, would have Ucn no great Misfortune, fince,
if their N'elVels had been iolV, they might have pafl'td their
Days quietly and happily among the Indiani, and have con-
verted them to Clinltianity After this Misfortune, they
cniileii tome time in the lame Latitude i and, having fought
in vain to difcover Davis's Land, they at length refolved
to bear away to the Rad Sea of Sck<rjtcn, llcering ftill a
Weft Courle, in hopes ot ciil'covering fome new Country.
In this, the Author thinks, the Commodore was to blame »
for he 1' "f Opinio:), that, inftead of fteering Weft, they
ou|;ht to !i ve Ihered South, becaufe they fbon fell in with
a South ealt Wind, which blew very ftrongj fo that thence-
forward thev law no more Birds, which, he thinks, was a
certain I'root, that they were di ivcn farther and farther from
the Lami tiny were fcekiin; •, whereas, if they had failed
Soiitli-wetl, they could not, in his Opinion, have failed of
tailing in wiih the Southern Continent.

12. Atttr leaving tiic llland ot Paj'cb, they were not
long before they found thcmfelves in the Height of that
llland called Bddualfr, dillovered by Scbovten in the Year
i6i^. and to which he g.ive that Name, becaufe all their
Springs were bnickifh. They were in hopes of difcovering
at this I leight fome I'art alio of the Southern Continent j
but, by ch.iiiging thiir Courfc, they ran three hundred
Leaivies out of their Way, and at Icall one hundred and
t'.tty Leagues farther than Sdwitcn. That famous Seaman
lays, in the Account of his V'oy.ige, tliat he gave one \\\^
(. Iiaie to a I'mall N'etTel, that bore away from him diredly
South ; from whence he concluded, and witli great Reatbn,
that there mull cert.iinly be Land on that Si^le. Indeed,
from all the Lights that Reat'on and Fxpirimce afford, I
am more and more confirmed in my Opinion, that there is
a Tr.i<;t of L.ind on that Side, extending .ibove two thou-
land Leagins : In order to come upon which Coaft, the
proper Courfc from Europe is certainly South South- weft •,

but

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jhc V () Y A C; K S «/

Book I.

■ M

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I' ■ '

Init tVcm //wvnV.t t!v Idt Ccurfc wcuM bt Nr.ith oirt,
or NoitlM-a(l aiut by North. In tins wuic Sc.i iIk /'•'/■"
Cumiiia.U;rc iiilai ui)w.iiJ> ot Sou U-at;uis wiihoM y-
covaiiig L.in.i i and, tlioiigh lif titqucntly vjiad i.i''
(.ouif.-, Ilnriiii; now tins W.iy, ami t!un tlut, yet it w.w
all to no I'lirpok, till, anivir^; in '.lie Ucijilu ol 15 {'»
Soutli Latituoi', ihty liilcovcud a very low lllaiM, tlic
Cu.ut of which was covcral with a very yellow >Sai\i. -vs
diey faw in tiic ninill of it a kind ot' I'oiul or Lake, tlu-
printiiial Officers ot the Squailroii were unaiiiinoiilly ol
Opinion, that it was the fame Iiland icbo'.'Un hiii dilco-
Vercil, and to which he had ^iv.n the Name ot die liland
ot'A^.'i am!, tor that Ktaf.n.thcy did not think lit either
to go 0:1 Ihon- there, or to examine it iiio:c paiticuiarly.
Our Author, however, is charly ot Opinion, tiiat Stbcitni
nevir faw this Ill.ind, which i.s in the latitude ot i,',''4'
South, and in tin- Longitude of 2So\ As h.- coiuened
thii to be abioliittly a i.cw PiKoVdy, he b<ft«jwtd on the
Iilin.l th.- Nam;; ot' (>,',ij/, 1. e. Chr'^s's Coiol : He
lielcribes it to be a low (in 1 land, about three Lcas/.ues in
Kxtent, with aLak- 111 the Middle. Alter they lett this
I land, tlie NN'ind lxg.in t > come aUnit to the Soudi-w !l •,
wlrch wa.s a -Sign, th..t tliey were near tonic Coall, tnat
alteicd the Current ut the .\ir.

This liidden Ch.ir.ge drove their VcfTel in the Nu'Jit
aniongll fomc Imall Iiiam!-, wlurc they iound their.kivcs
not a little cmbarrallui. 1 lie ///V/aiw Cialley then led tin-
Squadron, as being the Slr-j) tn.it tailtd Utl, and drew
the Icaft Water-, but, notNMtht\andm(; all tlic Care her
Crew could take, flic loon touiui herteit 111 fuch inimincnt
Danger among the Rocks, that llie Ix-gan to tire (jun alter
Gun,' as Signals ot her Diftrds. 1 ne Ticuhcvm, winch
was thf t'arthcil troni her, [-lied towanls h-,-r with the ui-
moft Diligence -, acfii fo did the Commodore, who found
liimfelf, iboner than he expected, along-lidc widi her,
which alarmed his o-vn Ship's Comjuny very nnich ; but,
upon heaving the Lead, ami tiiuimg no Bottom, they g;ew
tolerably ealy, and thouglit ot luithing but lavu g their
Friends. In order to this, they imineduttly lint out their
Shallop, to ditlover the SituatMn the .ifriatn dalley was in,
which, at firft Sight, dilirovtred no 1 loixs ot dilengaging
her, fincc ihe lliKk tall Utwem two Rucks ; lb th.it it was
JnipofTibk to get her oil', or to do any tunher .Service, tiian
to five the People tlut were in her. In this they luvceedcd
tolerably w:^^il, though iiiany ot t!ie ./f>;iJ« dailey's Crw
were niilerably bruifed by ti.e bhocks the \'eii"el received be-
fore fhc llttled on the Rocks. 1 here -w-as but one [>oor
Man loft, and he was a Sailor on beard the TuHboven, who,
being too eager in I'avug his 1 ricTids, dropped overboard,
and was di owned. The lllanderi, roulcd by the prodigious
Koifc that this .-Xcctdcnt made, kindled a great many I'ircs
upon the H.lls, and c.;mr down in Crouds to the Coaih.
"The Dutch, not knowing what their Defign niigh.t !x-, aiwi
Coi-.fKlenng die Opportunities, which the Darknels ot the
Night, and ilicir own Coiitufion, might give to any who
thouglit fit to attack th-m, tiie! iijion them wit, lout Cc-
rcmtji'.y, in crd;.r to luvc as ti w Dangers as poliible to
deal wldi at one time. In the Morning, as loon as it was
L.ght, they had a clear I'rutj.ct ef tlie niigluv Danger all
their Ships weie m ti.e Lvmiiig belore ; ti,r they luund
tiiemiclvfS inviromd on all Siaes by lour large IHands,
facing towards t!ie Sci, with a coniiimed Ch.iin (jI deep
Uork,, a:id lo clol- to eadi other, that they cuuld hardly
difcun the Chaiul by whitli tney entered : Thev h.id,
therefore, a'l the Rcaicoi m the Work! to Ix- ihankiul to
t'lc Div.nc Lrov:de.'icc,wh!eh!uii I'u w^jn^lcrtully [rn' rved
them in tiie midll of |.i much iJangtr. It inu't l)e ob-
kived, that the Cumaioitoie only entereii thisioik) Uay,
.at the Mouth ot w;iu h the .ijiuan lialley was lliip-
wreckid, and ullere th;. iienbcvcn leiiuilleti to aliill in
Uvmg iier Crew.

ij. 'i'he Dinger was not akogetlicr ovir as ti.on as
ditcov^n-l, iinre it coH the /J.-z/tt) LomnuAkiK i.ukis ihan
five Days to extricate himtelt o-.it ot this uiilortunaie Si-
tu.itioii i during whi(.li tinv, Ins Ship's CV.mp.ii.y w.rt
ab!o!i.tely ifiiiorant ot the J-'a;e ot the .Ijiuan (>a,»y, an 1
ul h-r Cr..w 1 Ai iill, liie Shallop ot the Jcuih-j,/!, na-.'ing
failed 4Uite round th.- LUiJ-., cam. i > iiitonn laviii, that

only one Man was loft \ tlut the Ctcw got fife on (Kortr
.md ti'.at, alter once tiring upt.n ihcin, the Iiihabitintu:
the lfl.ind had ntii-.d into the He.trt of the Country .i[
txpeditiouny .15 they c( u!d. As li/on as the Comtnodon;
was laf -, he lent his Shallop, w.th a IXtachoK-nt of fe
Ship's Company, to bring oft" the People that hid ban
lett on lli;)re. Tluy aicoi-diiij.'!y brought the Crew of tht
. Ifruaa iiAky <m ijoard the Commodore i when, upon
nu.lUring them, it appeared, that a (.iiianer-maller, ui
tour Scimcn, weie milling. I'lH'" '"'1U"7> 'twas tounil
tlut thele Men made it their Choue to ftay in the lllind'
for, having quarrekil aniongft thetiifelves, when thty firfj
got on fliore, tli( y mutinied ag;t!nlt their OtTicerj, who
had interixil'ed to prevent th- ir killing one another »iii;
their Knives ; an. I, C apiain K'Jinitiill having threatined
tluin with Diath when, vcr he gnt them on board the
CoiiiinoJ.ore, tiny ti(-»l into the Country, in order to
tli-.ipe I'unill'.ment .- The CommiKioie, however, was ua.
willing they Ihould be k'ft-, and therefore fert our Author
witii a l'et.ulimer.t ot Sij'dierv, to bring them away, lit
Dcl.-rier-, iuving .'-^ight ot the Sii.dlop, as it appnuched
the Shore, tired trom b'.hind 4 Coppice, to bruklv, tlia
they liinll lut land ; Ro\sii.g. however, toanopciiFkc
they got ontlioie 1 and, iii.ni lung towards the Wood where
the Delerters were, they called to them w-thout tinra
alf.iring them, that they had nothing to fear, that tht
Commodore ii.ui pioiiiiled them an Indemnity, and that
they might lately ite|)end upon his Word. ButthsDs-
leitcrs Guilt made them deat to all Intreaty, tbthatucr
Author's Lloijucnce was iiitirely thrown away, andhcvm-
wilely cholc to leave them wlicrc they were, rather tl-aj
hazard his own, and the Lives ot the People undtrb
Command, in attempting to ndutc dcfperateMcn, who,
by thus rejecting all Hope, fufnciently Ihewed, that diet
was nothing they any longer feared.

All thele lllamis .ire I'eated between i <; .ind 16' ofSo'Jl'i
Latitude, and at the Uiftance of twelve Leagues Wrf
from that ol Carijhyff, each of them being tour or live
Ix-ai^iRS m Compals. That on which the , -!/>;«« Gjilcy
was ihipwrecked, they lallcd Myii/r.-fw IP.ind -, the two
next to it, the Hrctlxrs •, and the fourth Illand, thciyiff,
Ail tour ll'.ands weie tovcrtd with .1 Verdure incxpreflibif
clurmmg, and al)ouiu!ed with tine tall Trees »"C ci'pco-
ally C«X(jas. 'I'hc Heibs that grew here were lo retrelli-
ing and r.iedicinal, that the Ship's Crew, many of whom
were ill of the .Scurvy, were lurprifingly recovered by
them: Ihiy found there likrwilc a prodigious Plenty of
Mulfcls, Cockles, r Jollier ol-pcails, and Pearl-oylhn,
which gave Realon to luijx-, that a very advaiitageousPetl-
filhcry might U- fettled I. e. I'liefe ItLuids arcextremdy
low, lotlat loine Vm-i i,i thcni mull be taqucntly ovtr-
flowed \ but the Inliabit.»nts .lie well provided againft l.di
Acculeiits, fince they have not only good Canoes, l>iit
ftoiit IWiks, with C.ii)les anil SaiU. 1 he Duub like*-*
found ujion the Shore I'lei rs of Ropes, that lecm'-'d to te
made of Hemp. The Inliabitants ot the ifland, ujos
which the ,y/^;..i« dalliy w.is loft, were ot an txtraur.>
nary '::^\u,-, iniinnuLli that i\v: Duuh had never I'ccn .Mw
fo tall : One ot the St.imen ..!]". itcJ, that he nieal'urcJ the
Punt lit' one ot their l-ea in the Sand, and that he Lunvl
it twuiiy liic.'ie.. Ail their Hodies were p.iintc^l <■' ••'
Sorts ol Colouis : I'hf-y ha-.l line long bl.ick liair, lut iti<
iiv.lt pa.'t 1 but loir.eoi them had brown, inclined a li'.lle
t ' re. I. They were aimed with l-'ikes or lances cl
cyite.n or twenty Peet long, Ihey had notl'ini; fottor
.igi.e.i>;e in t:ieir Count- lunics, tuit tairly f|)okc t.^a'
1 iin.Kr in tiieir I .ooks, wh.ih were tierce and cruel. T.'iey
iiiiiv ed 111 iiiia'l IJo lies ot titty or an luindu.l, and nunc
Sigui to tlic Dktih, \si.en they law them, to con-.c 10
tliun i but lo l<x)ii lu tnvy (aw them advancing, tlif?
Kiirid ailiv.art tlir Illand, (.11 jHiriKifr to draw tlv m in"
lome .\ii.lH,i^.ide, which niigiit give them an Opi-ortumtv
01 r. vin(.,mg tiie l.ois ih-y I'.iila'incd fiy tiicir ilriny; uw
tlu Ml v.-,i. n liuy v/ere Ihipwrec .id. .^s the Coiiiinodorc U*
iKie was no iioi,-,g any (.7 cxi with them, ami tciinil tr-'
Co.i'.s (ii .dl the lilaiKKexcdii.e.y rocky and tiul, ht- *-^
tilulveilto leave them, in order to letk li>ine other l-uiir-
try, v.hcre, with kli lla/.aid, he might meet with iui.<

KdKli.lKl'tii

■k !

chap. i.

Commodore R o g g e w e i n.

169

,. l_,t(-, Ihc nnilt lUVC lUU nn; wmt X ait w.iii i.i^

rt» (iiiity, lincc tlu-y were but a Cannon-lhot froiu
rocky Shore, wlun the Danger w.is jicrceiveil. Tlie

.uii'

iiiurs,

im'ii

u „fhmcntSofwlii(h hi> Comp.iny ftoal m great need ;
'"hf war now fo eaten up with the Scurvy, that not

' Th" very mxt Morning alter they weighed from
,;'■!;,..«; MaiKi. they fuw, at the I)iftancc ot eight
^'nL to the Wert, a new Ifland, which they called
S kcaulc, .n the Commodore's Veffel. they d.f-
1 t IS the n.iy broke. Tlic Tienhoveit was nearer it,
"T'l'iu' lontar it, that, il" the Sun had rofe hall' an
Hm'r'latir! 'ihc nnift luve iiad the fame Fate with the
.ifri.

SiimodurcTinVuctiiately ma.le the Signal" to tack, which
1, „,. with i;itat DilHculty, and tlie Ship, with much
ell-ape^'- ''rhc Fofilit into which this put the Ma-
ii.M\\ after proiluced a Mutiny -, in which the Sia-
inlillci!, one and ail, that the Commodore Diould
,,„„i'utcly return, or that, at lead, hr Ihould give them
Sairity to P-iy th^m ''»••■"■ ^^'=i8"« ^'^""Sh '^ey Ihould be
1;- u liucky as to lole thi ir VelTel. To lay the Truth, this
IX-iund ot the Seamen was viry juft anti rcalbnabie.
riify were every Viy ix^Kilcd to the moll excclTivc Fa-
tmi's in thJe 'ftarmy and unknown Seas i and, at the
1 w time, ran the 1 lazaul of loiing, in a Moment, all
(he Reward tliey were to exped from their Labours, fince
tiir Cuftoin ot Uolliutd IS, that the Seamen lofe tlicir
Wiges whenever the Ship is loft. The Commodore liftened
to tncir Complaii.ts with an Humanity worthy a Man of
Honour, and immetiiately took an Oatli, tlwt whatever
happened to tlic Sliips, they Ihould receive their Wages to
the Ull Farthing. He kept it too with the utmoft l-jtact-
rlisi for though tiie /ynViJB Galley was loft before, antl
both the (ithtr Ships were condemned at Batavia, yet every
one ot thnr rdpective Crews had tiieir Wages paid them
to the full, as liion as they arrived at Amfterdam.

The lllaiiJ of Aurora was about four Leagues in Extent,
the Country covered with a cliarming Verdure, and adorned
both with high Trees, and fmallcr Wootl. But, as they
found all the Coaft rocky and foul, they left this Ifland too
Witliout landing, after having takci^ only a Profiwd of it
« a Diftante. Towards Evening, the fime Day, they
had Sight of another Idand, wh-rh, for that Rcalbn, they
filial V([per. It was about tweh^c Leagues m Circuit,
i,ic Ground very low, but, withal, covered with Hne
(~irafs, and ftorcd with great Plenty ot various Sorts of
Trees. They continued their Courfe ftjil, Ucering Weft,
to the Hciglvt of about 15" •, and the next Morning they
diicovcrcd another Country, which, feeing covered with
Smoke, they concludeii was inhabited, and therefore made
all the Sill they could, in hojxs of meeting with Rcfrefh-
mcms ; and, as they approached the Country nearer, they
Uw funic (>f the Inhabitants diverting themfelves on the
Cuaft in their Canc>cs. They jKrceivcd likewifc, by de-
g:as, tlut what they had taken lor one Countiy, was '"
r.a.ity, ahuMlaiKc of lllands irouded dole to each other ;
imong which they had now ciuaed fo iar, that they
found ita very difficult thing to extricate tlumfelves. In tins
S.tuiion, tiiey fent a Man to the Topmaft i Kad, to dif-
covrr a I'aflji^c- out •, and, as the Weathir was pertcCtiy
Itrine, thry iud the ^i)od Luck to get once more into the
fi\m Sea, without any Accident -, tlio', in palTing by fevcral
Ringis of IU( p Rcjcks, they had Reaibn to confulcr this
isjvtry prtat, as wdl as. liefh Dchveraiue. There were
fixoltlufc lilaiids, exceedingly beautituland pleafant to the
i.yi', and wliicii, lakeit together, could not Ik lei's than
tiiirty l.eagiRS in Circumlerence. I'hey were Htuated
iwir.ty-hvc l,e.igues Will dI Mifclnevoiis Ilbnd : T'iic
I'iiii.h gavt them the Name of the Labyrinth^ betaufe they
tu.i been obliged to tack feveral times to get clear of
thtm.

.\i !t was very dangerous to anchor on the Cojft, and
li, btlides, none of the Inhabitants came to meet them
111 their (..inoe-., or on the Shore, they did not think lit to
inakcany ;itay. They ftill continued' a Weft Courfe, and,
iiiaiivv l).;ys, dilcovtred another Mand, which appeared
Ji a grcit Dillancc very high, and extremely beautiful 1
'ui, onaruanr Appri).uh, they found no Ground for An-
ili'irage, ami the Coaft a;ipearcd lb roc ky, that thty were
4i;i;d to venture any tlolcr : They therctorc manned each
Nlmb. XIX.

of their Shallops with twcnty-fiVe Men, in order to make
a Defcent. The Inhabitants no Uyoner perceived their Dr-
fign, than they came dovn in Crouds to the Coaft, in
order to oi)|X)re their Landing. They were armed with
very long Fikes, and gave them fpcedy Demonftrations
ot their knowing how to ufc them to the utmoft Ad-
vantage. When the Shallops were pretty near the Wand,
they lound the Shore lb ftcep, and full of Rocks, that it
was impollibic to land j upon which, the beft Part of the
Sailors threw themfelves into the Sea, with their Arms in
their Flands, and fome Baubles, fit tor Prelents, tied upon
their Heads, while tiie nft kept a conftant Fire from the
Boats, in order to dear tlie Shore, and facilitate their
Landing. TTiis Expedient fucceeded to tlieir Wilh, and
the Seamen got on fliore without any confiderable Re-
finance from the Inhabitants, who, frighted by the Dif-
ch.arge of their Fire-aims, quitted the Coaft, and retired
up the Mountains, but came down again as foon as the
Z)«/ficeafed tiring. When thole who were landed h.id ad-
vanced in Sight of the Iflanders, tliey fliewed tlum their
Looking-glalles, Strings of Coral, £s?f. The People cair.e
up to them without the leall Tear, took their Prefents, and
fufFcred th'-m to feaich where they pkafed for Herbs and
Salading for the Sick : Of thefc they found fuch Plenty,
tlut, in a very little rime, they filled twelve great Sacks,
fuc for the Commodore, and as many for the fte/thsveii •,
for, when the People once liiw what they were about, they
not only fliewed them the beft Sorts, but alTifted in ga-
thering them. They law in this Ifland prodigious Qiian-
tities of Jafmin, which was then in fuU Flower. They
carried their Cargo of Greens immediately on board,
which were mucli more acceptable to the Sick, than if they
had brought them lb much Gold and Silver.

The next Morning a greater Body of Men were ordered
on fliore, as well to gather Herbs, as to try to make far-
tlier Dili;overies. The hrll thing they did, was to make a
Prcfent to the King, or Chief, of a confiderable Quantity
ot all Sorts of Trinkets, which he received indeed, but
with fuch an Air of Indifllrcncc and Difiain, as did not
feem to promilc any great Ciood with refpeft to their future
Commerce, It is true, that, in Exchange, he ftnt the
Dutch a confiderable Qiiantity of Cocoa-nuts, which were
very agreeable to them in their prefent Circumftanccs. This
Chief, or Prince, was diftinguiflied from the reft of the
Inliabitants by the Ornaments he wore, confifting of va-
rious Tilings ot Pearl, to the Amount ot about 600 Dutcb
Florins in Value. Their Woinen feemed to admire the
white Men very much, and almoft ftilkd them with Ca-
reflTes ; but this was all a lall'c Shew of Love, which thefc
TraitrelFcs employed to lull the Dutch into Security, that
the Plot, laid by their Men, might fiicceed inore cffeftu-
aliyj and, if th.y nad executed it with the fame Subtilty
with which they contrived it, they had certainly cut off
every Dutciman that came on Ihore.

The thing hap[x:ned thus : Wiien the Dutch had filled
twenty Sack:, with (jreens, they advanced farther into the
Country, till fuch time as they came to tlie Top of cer-
tain fttep Rocks, which hung over a large and deep Valley,
the lllanders going before and behind them, of whom the
Dutcb hail lu.t tiie ieaft Sufpicion : But, as loon as they
thought they had them at .\\\ Advantage, tiny quitted them
on afudden, and T'houlandscame pouring out tromCavts and
Tioles in the Rocks -, the Sailors immediately tormed tlicm-
felves, and IIoikI upon their Defence : The Chief, or
Prince, tlien m;icle a Signal to the Dutch to keep oft'j of
which they took no notice, but ftill continued to advance
in a Line : He then gave tlic Signal of Battle to his own
People, and it was followed by a prodigious Shower i-f
.Stones : The Dutch, in Return, made a general Difcharge
of their Fire-arms, which did great E.vecution ; and,
amongft the firft that fell, was the Chief. The Iflanders,

however, were fo tar from flying, that they continued
throwing Stones- with greater Fury than before, fo that
mod ot the Dutch were loon wounded, and, in a manner,
difabled, which made them retire behind a Rock -, from
whence they fired, with fuch Succel's that great Numbers
of the Iflamlers were killed ; yet they obllinately main-
tained their Ground, and the Z^«,'<-.6 were toiccd to retreat,
having Ibme killed, and a great many woimJed, who, by
j Z tcilun

flM-

'''■i i

'i: n

>IV f|

■>-l

■i a

•(,.

aiiHl

:uP.ih;''li imr

y\ .i

f I-

i;'

liii ! is

, I

270

The V V A G V S of

l'(X)k I,

.K' 111-

m'^.

rcalon of their ir.Mlvitic Haliit ol Boilv, diod not loiif;
aftn, ni)twiii,i\.i;i<:tiipall tiu' Care ili.it loukl Iv taken ot
.them. As f>vjn a.s they luii liikniVi^cd th<nilvlv<N troiii
thcr.i.eiuy, tlu-y rctitn'', and tarrud tlic Sjik. ot 1 KiK
tat-y liavl g4tli'r»i, on lioar.l tluir Ships ; wlurc the Kr] cit
thiv nude ol wii.it had IxMllcn them, aiKttai their Sl.i.A-,
Conipany to lu h a DcftM, tliac wh.n a Mi tirii was m.u'c
foi laa lint; agiin, tlii-rc was no lioJy could l-c brouglu to
btar lUi- I houi;hts ot '.t.

I'o thib lli , Ixtorf ths happening of this unlucky
Accuknt, thiy had gncn t!k- Noinc of the lllarui
Rca-utno'i, on au-oiint ot the Herbs ami .^all.uliiig tl» y
found tlieiv. I'his lil.ind is fituatcd in the Hrii^lit <.t 16'
Suuih Latitude, .md m the Longitude of iS V : It is in
Extint al.out twvlvf Lcagu-.'s, tlu So.l extivnuly fertile,

troihicmg gre.it (^imuitus 01 Tar.s lut more ifpirially
•.iliii.S L'lxoat, and Iion-wood ; tlic Dur.b thoui'ht tiny
liid Ki-afon to bclitv,, tiiat, in the Heart of the Country,
there were rah Msms, and other valuable 1' hi ng". ■, but,
as they Wire r.ot at Liberiy to m.ike a vcy llrict .Search,
our AutJior fays lie cannut politivdy affirm it. '1 he
Inlubitants wire Men ol .i na.iiiic Si/.e, robull, aftive,
and feemed to be vtry wdi excrcjicd in tlieir fort oi Hil-
Ciplinc i their n.iir was Ion;;, bl.iik, ami il-.inin^, ownu;
I)rincipal!y to a ioii'r:ng a w;th Oil c! Okoas, whu h ;s prat-
tileii by other InMmt Naiioi.s. I'hey were painted all ovtr
iikc the Natives c( the I land of PaJ'ch. 'I'lie Men cover
the Middle ol tiuir Htxiies wuh a kind (,f Net wi.ik, whuh
IS drawn between tlieir Leys, and tucked up Ixhiiid. As
for the Women, they were intirrly covcied witii a kind of
NUrlle ot their own ManuUcfure, which, totiie .'^ightand
Touch, had a near Rrfcmblance to Silki and thiy wear
about their Necks and Wnlts, byway of Ornament, ion^;
Strings of I'eari. As the Anchorage wa.s evcry-whure b.id,
and the rocky shore ri this Illand lb exieli.vely iVccp, is
rot to permit, from the Sea, any View ot the inner I'art
of th; Country, the lou.modore tlu.uglit proper to fail,
withou: farther Lois of I'lme, as knuwmg, tiut it was to
no I'urpolV tor hun to remain lung- r, lince t.'ic Men ab-
folutely refufiii to att."nipt going on fhore any more, be-
caufe thole who had been wounded in the late Skirmilh,
were droupir.g oil daily.

li. 'I he tommixiote, before his Departure, thought
fit to hold a C(iuiici'i of War, in whxh he communicated
to hisOlRcers the Contents of hi-lnllrudions ■, wtiich were,
that if, in the Latitude and Lonj,itu.ie they were now in,
they could make no Uillovcry of Importance, he (liouM
return 1 Icme. There w, re loine ot the Council who were
very much alloiiilh;d at this Ontcr, and could not torbear
tf liiMj^ the Coinnvilon, th.u, being advanced fu far, and
having met with lo [^r..a', l-'.;,cuur.igcmcnt, it would betray
a great w.mt (t Spirit, it they did nut piocecd. To this
he anl'veiid, t'lat they ha i b«n alrea.iy out ten Months ;
ihit they hid ihl! a long V'oyag..- to make to the £<i/J /«-
lii.s ; thit I'lovifuji.s Le^in to giow very Ihort ; and,
ab.-ve .ill, tii.ii their Crew vvj>alie.idy lli much d:iiiinilhed,
end thole sslio t.iviviii 111 f) weak a Con.hio.i, that, it
twenty moi. diuuld ili ■, or t,dl fiek, there woul.i not be
eiioug.i k-it to iia. i^;ate Ixidi Ships -, not lo mention othet
kealor.s ot cjual InjHiitanie.

The truestciu, ho*>.ver, lay, my Aut'.or, of thr, fu!-
dcn Ciiaiige, wv. the gre.iC Delirt , that Ibiiie ot the pnnc.-
pal Officers l-.a^l to ^U to tlu h.ijl huia ; t.r they wue
.i!..i;d of ni.liing th.- Mo;Mi>on, m wl.uh cjI- tii, y niufi
liave lenuine.i llill fix M ;i,t.<i longer in the .Soiab Senj.
Thus fay-, he, all our gr.u.ii Dcfi^;!! was ;;t once defeati'd
and overturned, alter 0.11 hav mt^ taken fucii mer'-iiil)lf i'uins
to luiued, and altir iiuetingftuli lb many Oinuisi.t .Sue-
tils, borne Oil: <rs, ho.s>ve,, oppolal' tl.: , Motiiin to
the very lail i ai..|, ton i..c':;,j the Mikhieis tlu; mu'd .it-
tui'.l It, crnellly (>erlu..d -.l i.'i,; Coii.nio.!o-j to attempt
lather wii.t.iin-; iii t!;. Cour.u.ii mei-.t.M.'U by itraimud
u- 'lih'Ou t'oiij which, a.s t.'iey lliew.il him, t ley couLi
not be .io<.Vwa'i li'indre.l and i;I:y Le.iguis. Uut whtntay
louii'! Iv was iniexihie, a new Dilpute arolc aljout liic
iMiraj; h,m. ; Ihole whi lu.l the (j.^od of the \oyai>f
only .ti llearr, ii.illl.:.! pen :.;, toiily, tii.u ,t v.a, wrojir, to
taial, ol i; .11.; by tl,'.- AV/f 'l'u'.(cs, In.u- it was i:i:xv;iy
u^»ilia:y to ih. D.f-n ^.| t.,..a Ii,rta,,;ion; , tiiar, by co.v

tininp; the fril Cot.rle, they miil> n'Oefliiriiy fill i,m.,i,
fo,ne Mand or ('thev, wli re they mi{;ht land, take nRe,
frrlV.i'.nnt., a:id ll.iy till tl.'-ir firk Men recovered; T],,,
in t'ls caif, th y ouf^^t't tirl' rit all to v\-t\ a fori for L'
own SediDty a';,,inlt the Naiivrs ; in the mxr, totrw
thof- I'toplj With all ii)v;.',iiMlile (irnflenifs an.Kandour
that, by this nvaus, t'n-y ihould infilli'ily eng.'.n, (Ii^.t,;,'
tnde.ind cor.v-ife with them, which would ejuble them r
If.irn th.ir L ir,p;u.\f,'', an i r.irry Mom;- .t cleir, dhlinc''
and I'lll Account ot fir Country 111 which tliry lu! j^J'
They futlur tcpreli'iiti-ii, thit, it this Propofal wr, c™!
plied, with, tlvy lliould have it alv/.iys in tli<:r i'owrfto
return i lonie, by tlctring an 1'". ,ft LVirfe, a-id, by tik;»j
tinv, iK'rleit etiViilu.illy the Difcovencs they wcrclim.
make.

'I'lieli- Riafons were he«rd with Patiercc a.idCiviltv
tliou!'!i they had not tile Vi i .r,ht that they deferved ; j^l:
on the Whole, a Kclolution was taken to (Qntiriij'tv'
Coiirle row.inls AVrv liritain and New Guinfy, md thtne
by the Way ot the Mvliicctis to the Laji India, whir:
they were in hopes ol procurin;; not only a Supply of Pro-
vilions, and other Necedancs, but ot Sv.imeii alf), jnr:!-
til. y Ihould tx; in lb we.ik a Conr.ition, as not tobcaHci;
navig.ite thtir Ships hack to turope. By this Rffolutit,",
our Autiior lays, ir\ lind was put to all Hopes of \\{\\.\t:i
the Land ot de^i^iiros, which, it Wiw the Opinion ci tl."
Ixtl Seamen on board, they might certainly and calilyhav
difcoveifd. This Opinion ol theirs was groiintitj ir:wi
three Ktafon* : I'lrH, th.at the Situation of this C<Hlntr^■lJ
tictter laid down, than thole of molt new-dilcoverid Com-
tries, which .ire not as y« thoroughly known. SiconJl',
that the Illands they had hitherto met with, agreed, inevrrr
reljx-df, as to thur Situ it on. Inhabitants, and Pro.li:ti,
with the Defcriptions in iieiJ^<iros\ Memorials. AnJ li!!r,
b. eauli- the Wind jilainly blew ofT fome Continent, orvny
large Iiland, and would therefore liave been extremely lavou:-
alilc to their Defign, if they had thought lit to profeciitt it.
Our .Author takes Oicalion liere to enter into a large D:!-
courfe on the Certainty of luch a Southern Continent, tw
Advantages that would probably nfult Irom theDifcoveiy
of it, and the M.-ans moll likely to cffkl that Difcovtry,
the .Sublfance of w hich we Ihall endeavour to giv: the
Reader in .is lew Words as it is polTible.

It is very cirtain, that the Difcovery oi Terra Aupiai
ittcognita is conlidered, l^y many wife and knowing Peo-
ple, as a kind of Pliilolbphcts-itone, perpetual .Mo::c:i,
or, m plain tngli/lj, as a Chimera, fit only to take up the
empty Brains ot wild Projeftors. Yet this teems to tew
fufhcient Rcaton, why fuih as are con:petcnt Judges ol
tlie Matter in Dilpute, llioiild decide, peremptorily, tl^it
tticrc IS no fuch Country » or, if thcic U-, iliat it is nut w^rt.i
the hnding. 'l"ht fe lort of h.iity Concluhons are extremely
fatal to Science 111 general, and to the Art ot Navsjiioa
111 particular. To fay the Tnith, all Notions bui.t upon
Conjectures o.nly, however bcaut'fuliy ranged i.t a SylVm,
lerve only to j.u//;.- .-ind miHead Ftoplc. I'hr Difcovcry
(li all I'arts ol the W'l.rld Iccms to b , at once, th-: Uufi-
iiefs and the (ili.ry ot Mun If is rtie p'^iulnr I'rivil gee!
our Sptcirs, i!i.it we < ,111 tiav ;fe this (jlo.e by Land ami
Water, and tlurti y become intclli'.',cit witii rcfi)tct ;oi:l
the various .Scenes of Wihiom, w.'iich the Wrjrid'j
d\ator,ind ours his liupl .y li t.icrein. I his is f ifncirrt
to ihew, tii..t there laniut Ix- anv ti-.inj' ii'cre r.ol^li', k
iiurc worthy ol a aie.:t Mind, th.m the Uuvesinj:, uiner
m 1 heory or l'i.Ktice, the Difpifmon (,t th s (erraip-
ous Ololx-, the llanr.ony of its fans, ai;.i th ir Rfto"
to eadi other. Whoever cmph y^ any i'art (4 his lime
I . tins VVay, will liilecin that thtie is wartmc: to t:e hyc
a ."louiiieril Continent, in (jn'.cr to give one ■>: -e 0! the
(il. t) a Ki!'-:iibl.illi!' to tlie other. Tills IS the tiill.Arue

ni: :.t, tiut tiiere is fuch a Southern C<jnt!iuiit -, th-; \y\'-',
that I'.xpencnce conliims this Notion ; the I'.wh. tn^
W in Is, the Currei ts tlie Ice, leyot.d Cap•//t'^ ••'
coi>::;m this Opiai(,n, that there is L.ui t towa-ii t "^
.'s.n.ihrn i'ole. We are to c^tdider a(';iin, tint t.'.o' ^'^
i.ave iiuml>rrlefs \(/y,!wr.-s to the li-Ji I'ldie;, a;i I J W'-\
iiUi.y round the dlobe, ye' we i.ave few, very I'W, uiiu
t.'iat Ocean, in wliii h this Continent is iiipj'OlcU v m i ^'^
t...le Vuya[!,--S leiv-: .1), m l^iie in-afur-, tj conlirm ta

(};.'Ii:j:'.

Chap. I.

Comrmchrc R o c; c;

\vl;ic-ii 13 vtl-y .iglCf-

^.Vtii c.f tiif l'v.o|j](; in

Opinion; bfciiufr, in fvrry onf of tht-rc Voya7,es, Ibmc
1 iid or other was difcovered, cithfr Contintnt ux l(1:iii>!.
Niiwit IS certain, that Idands, great and fmali, arc 1" \Aw.\
if ever, at a very great Diftancc tVom a ( ontinci-.t i .t il
ilieirtiire, where there are many Iflands, it is at Icift a wry
imibilile Si^n, that there is loint Continent not t.ir from
them. Thus miith as to the Certainty of the Thing, tli.it
ih r. rwlly IS fuch a Country.

V> ith irg:ird to tlu- next I'oint, Whether it is wdrtli tlic
nilcovery ? thii rcciiuris a much more .iinplc Inquiry.
I: is obvious, in the firft Place, that the Difcovcry of all
n-'.v Ijncls has a natural Tendciuy to thj Iiicrcall- i)f Cuin-
m-rce ■■ of whic!i we have an fn(l.i;-,i(j in the \\'i-..ilc-
tiih'-TV on the Coall of GntnlaiiJ, a:ui th.- Traie c.irritil
m in Huifjns hay i hut, with rclpci.'-l to tivj lunds \vj arc
,,ow fpeaking o!, we h.ive as much Ccnajnty as liic Nature
et th-' Thing will a.lniit, th.it they ar- really as lic'iMnd
rkntiliil. •li'iny Coim:ni.'s on the far.-ol t'letilube, witli-
oiit Lxccption. VN (■ iiavc already proved, that the I'lfdi
Climate IS atcordinj^ to tlie I.awsot Nature, the nioli
t:rti'r, as well as the mod wholfomc ; .md it imill ( ii all
Hinui be allowed, that a great Part of tlie Term Auft-.a'.'n
|:« under that Climate. Verdinmd de ajiiiros, in his Mc-
n!or:ils calls It a fourth Part of ili- (Holv , and with good
Htjinn-, for, Irom th.- WelK-rn Point of AVw Cit'iiir-, to
th; b'jfteni 1 xtr'-tiiity of the Country difcovered hy Her-
'jiJo (la!!f;^i!, thtre is a .Space of 2000 Leagues, a i^reat
Part of which has km, and the reft miy lie, ceitninly ciil'-
(OvetrJ. Hut, of all Proofs that can be otfered in lu. h a
(.'lie, tliole are certainly the moll tonviiicini^, that are
ukm from Farts. Now di; ^^uiro.'y and -lon-is, who ac-
t:u!ly vifiteii tiwle lilinds, which, hy their tirll Ddtovtrer
.!!'.••) Sitvi.lerti, were called the Iflaiids of S.lotn.in^ not
o'iiy rejxirt, that the Country is beautiful in Frofpci^t, and
txceetimgly fertile in its Produce, but that it abounds alfo
wi;.i cvrrv 'hmg that \u^ hitherto been accounted Riches,
fich :s <ii ■ .Sliver, i'tecious Stones, and Spices.

It r 'r tiiey acknowledged they vifited only the

CojfL. lis ither fortifies than leffens their Teftimony ;

111 tho. ,.'. .\i~. «Joalls are often the moft pleafant, yet they
art fdtloin the richelt Part of a Country. It is owing to
Aai 'mt, and the Curiofity of fuch as report thcfc Things,
tint wc have tyex heard of thefc Countries ; and it is
chifi'.y tl'.u Effeft of the Impatience of Uilcovercrs, that
we arc rot bettir acquainted with them. A Man cannot
be expected to riefcribt a Country he h,is only gallopped
Lirough ; and it is the fame Thing with rcganl to Dilco-
vrrers, who pretend to give diftintl Accounts of Coun-
tr.cs, without vifiting any Part of them but their Ports :
Ya lucli People may have Lc.ivc to fay, that they have
ken, ana later Experience ftems tocoiilirm, the Relations
[i\ .cri^mci .mMorriS^ with this Ditfeirnce only, that
tn-Y reiiwined luni^ci 0,1 Ihore, and were coiilequently more
ci[ub:c i.f cntiTinj; into P.irtinilais.

-d: w.;j h..ve viiiied thele .Soutliern Countries ag'ce,
t!u:t:;trc arc in them three dilVerent lij;ts of Fnlwhitants
'.;: the Olivc-eoloureil, tlic Ulick, and the White.
li:'.'u;m Sit.-.-an oHa\i\ as a kiiul ot Pro li[;y, tli.ir, "t fonif c-i th-.;le VellM?, .ind f:i,nd tl-.cin as gccd

a:;'. .;p: a gre.:t NuiiiiHT (f Blacks, he fiw one i>eif I'tly ' ■ -

*.vM: .Man. I he i^'^.:mjh 1 liilori 111 llerrr.i tells u% ihu,
'ntheKallrn Point cf AWu Guineyy and eii'eiially alKuit
■ ■'■■■ft df Dio, ttie Iidialvtants an' all white, thouijli that
Ui;niry received its Nair.r trom its Inhabitaniv app.-jnn^;
i')i);N:n:v;.s. Our .Xutiit r comirms all tins ot his own
f>:;iwli:ili;e, am: i.:rriesit liill ti:r:;ier \ tor he fays he law
I'^mlyydlow, hl.uk, and white I'eople, but a lourtli Sort
Ik wil^ wi.o Were retl ; I !e .idds, that, luvip.jj mqiiir.d
''I lu>.h«s luil lived fume tuns in Nf:- (rtury, abo>,t the
*'We-Men, whuh //oTcT.-/ mention'., he f.;iiKi the Faet
i^j^betruf, t!ioi>;;!i thele Popk eoukl give but a very m-
'■-':> rtr.t ;\ruv.int oftlum. In tli.s, liowevvr, tli-y all
•"(^fi- ^\ thit ineic white P- o|ile hail very little Coiivevfa-
'"^■l ur Liimii,eic>: with the BLicks ; Tliat they wore a
■i'"'r:iit Urels, telembling tii.n of the orient.il N-itio::-,
*■'•!■• .on[^ Bian's, and h.id not either I 'ols or Ornamenis
'■ ti'ir l\m()l,-s. They h < wtic afTured him, tli.it the
'*Siiag'- 01 iheie wh.te Peo: le dilfers greatly from the
U::'.i.!..,s Ipi.hni hy their .\. ii'Jifours. In tiie Menio-
'-■ >-! •'■ .vi.Hj ;: 15 i.a !, ti..i. I,.;. ii,i.ji,,t.uus ot the liiaiidb

O r, (■• V. v: \' IN. 271

he vilited were prone to Mi
iible to the .'\eioi:r.; (!,;;r h..:
Pafio Illane!.

As to ( JovrrniTif nt, de f^iiros reports the Piopk hff
l.iw to have lived under a lle-piiblie, whieh agree.s wi:ii ihc
.'Situation ol 'I'iiings in tiiat Illaiel whiih has been \a\ n^tn-
tioiied : M'ith r-fj); et, aj^.iin, to Pood ar.d Piovi' <• s de
y^iiro.i aflirii:', that he louiul, ie, tliofeCcuiuri-A he vifiud,
III! h PI. my o! Cattle, 1 luys, Cioats, and l-'ov.d, that tlr,-
People had not oidy wherewith 10 liv,- in Plenty tluir.feives,
but were .ible, without dim.inill.iiig that Plenty, tu ft.pply
their \' ighbr.ur';. Scbovtni affirms the fame Thing with
relpce'r to the liLinds h< Lw, and lb do oth^'r Trnvellcis 1
ami our .Au'l-.crrij'hrly obfrvr-,, rhat the bJiz,-, the Strength,
and tl'.c Activity of the People they faw in the Idaiid of
I'ajih, maeic it fif^i.-ii-ntly evident, that they lived upon
nourifhin;^ and tiictulent Foo.l. De i^iiros inlonns us,
that the l„.'n:»s miide .1 very fv.'eet, folid, ami r.ouriihing
Breadof tinee forts of Uoot^. It appears from this Voyage,
that tlKv nu-, in almolh nil the IlLiiuis they dt.lovcred^
wu.' eliHcieiit kinds of Ko(its, which fcrved i:.lKad of
Bread, am! were \eiy plej!',;i-.t .;nd whi.llome. Son.e cf
them, o^r Author fays w;:j very like Rv.et- roots; but
V hether it w.;s of thefe Hoois that tin; Inlubitants made
their Bread, he dots not pret r.d to fiy : I'hcy iiad likewifo
Plenty of Potatoes, whii li were very go(;;i in their kind.
..As to Plinis, lleres, .and I'lowers, we iind :a dc i'^utrcs'i
Memorial, that theCounriie'-, in which he \v.is, ubou.^l!eel
witli them, as well .is witli Sugai-c.;nes which arc indeed
plenty in me.ft w.inn Countiies, and of which there was
fuel' .jbundance in the Iflands vilited by our Autlur in this
Voyage, ti.at the People tdten brought the V-utch more
than they wanted, or cculd tell what to do with, anil tlierc-
forethey returneii them ; and r.s to other Fiuits of dilRrcnt
Ibrts, fome known, lime unknown, but all excellent in
their kind, the Plenty of tliem has been already mentiontel
more than once.

Both our Author, and all firmer Travellers, agree, that
thefe Southern Indians are not only much pleafed with,
but tblerably (Itillcel in, Mufic. Md Tafm.vi, whole
Difcovcries from the original Dutch fliail hereafter find a
Place in this Work, heard an Horn founded among the
Indians he converfetl witjj ; and i>ihor:ten fays, that, at an
Entertainment matie by two Indian Kings, at which he was
prcfent, there was a Peribn f nt for to play iipo:' t!;c Flute.
Utenfils in their Hcules were, according to dc i^iirosy
mt.ft of them made cf Farth ; and, as we have iceii be-
fore, oiir Author found it lb likewife. Vc f^dns abfc-
lutely alRrins, that tl^y made ufe cf Veirels, tolirabiy
well built, for the Carrying on ol Comaicrc. between tl'.eir
lllands of the Tri;t!i of which cur .Autl.or l.iyshewasan
Kye-witiie!-; ; and v /■.■-.■/fw in h: \'uyages conbrms this,"
by telling Us that he toek u ^'t!''.l.l uitli a eonhderable
Stock ot live Piovilions on bca:d, which mull ihcrefcio
liavr been intended for a Voy.i^e ot fome Length. Cur
AutI or iK^t only mamta.ns the 'I'ri.rh of :/.i. from his ov>n
Knowle(i;;r, but ad/s taithcr, t!..;: tl.cy cx.::i:iiitd tl'.e Sails

as if
ttiey h.iil Ik en made in Il,!!ui:.i\ t'.ic '1 !ire.id ol tliein re-
lembling I lemp, ami ti,e Cai.vas furp.ill.r.g, in iill refpee^s
imy tiling', ef ili.ii kiml m.ide in ']ir.\i, or the India. ^Ve
find, in ..V y^iir:s^< Meiv.orial, an Aceount of a very f.nc
t'ulph, in the L.ititude of 13 , wltere Sliip's iniglit .;nc!ii.r
Very coir.modiouny : He thcu;?j.t lit to call it Gi'.fc de
I'htupfr\ wheie, aecor.'.ing to l.im, Sh'ps might anchor
l.ile lie.ni Wine's, inalnuieh as it ran twenty Leagues up
into tl'.e Country. I'ernando Cnllc^o writes, that, in l.is
Palfige liom Sew Civney to the Srreightsof MtigJ.'.:/:, he
W.IS driven, by a W(fl Wind, toal-ounny lyii'g to the
Sou'h, which he looked i;pon as cut efl' l.e-tr. the Conri-
n lit : This very nn bal ly might be the G;i;ph mer.f.oixd
by ii( e^.i/iflj. .il'clTiifiKr.n rep'cats, that lie ftund, in (.■■■t
Southrin Continent, a large ar.il fjceieus tnilpli, very
comn'.Ovhous for .Ship.pin^i, ; iriUi.an SJr.'.ir,; and ilcrrcia
m.ike tietjuent m'num of Havens anv! Kiveis in ti'.c.'e
Southern Ciuntiies; ;;nd D>vi.fin; ..s we Ibnl. fliew cifc-
where, .leiii.d'.y law fome ol th Ic. li, tluufoie, we con-
filler all the Cimiinllai.i e'- that have been irr.lion.d, t.'uf
*.icdic it ijie levd.'l .Aethi 1 who le^'e'H t'l-ns their ap.

:iil«

I'l'l

m\:

I'Vii ir

W '!-!,Bi''

i it

■1 I

i' M 'I

f ,;

^^!i in

{'4

271

m VOYAGES of

Book I.

j^arent Coimflcion, aivl linpniribility of making roq^rrKi
tally fo txartly, wo mull concliulc. that tluTi- is very full
Kvulmci' m Su;^;iort of liotli iluli- rofitiom •, -.ir. that
there IN .1 gfcai ^.ortii.cnr, an ! many IflaiuK to thf .South t
and thattli;s Cuiitin-.-iit, -.mil tlioto Mands, arc very probahly
ricii anJ Wvll-;>i.'i<(i!c.ii, to which it a Trade loiikl br
opeiwi!, it niisht, nay, nuift, be V(ry coiiMHoJipos, and
PrkIucc as ^r^at or gr.'at r Ailvaiitigfs, thin tnolV wiiich
liavc riUtftv ; trom the Difci'vcnt's oi .imerica.

It IS lail.id alh.nifliing, that, cnnfulcring even the im-
pirtcot A<c()ii;i;s that iiavc bixn !i.ui of" ihele SoiithiTii
Lands within the laft and the pril'cnt Century, no Euro-
p:<vi Potentate ever rcrumny undertook the Conquttl ut
ihem. It is tme, that many Kxpeditioni have k-en made
tor ititcovering, but not one lor making a Settlement.
There nev^r yet was tittid out any Squadron tlrong enough,
cither in Shii>s or in Men, to attempt [rnetrating into the
Heart of any ot thcle Countries. The t.n^Ufl) and the
Ihitib have contented thenilelves with running along the
Coafts without tver venturing to make a l\leent, lither
fnr fear of being (;v.rjx)werei! by the Inhaliitants, or in
Apprelrenlion of w.mting I'rovifions in their Return, In
cafe they amufeil themfelves too long in this Fart of the
World. .Such are th; Keafons alligiwi by our Author tor
the Mifcarriage of the Defign in which he wis concernal,
as well as of all the rell ui>on tliat I'lan. He concludes his
Difcourfe with Living down certain Maxims, which, he
thinks, if (leadily purlued, would greatly contribute to, if
not abfolutely effedt, this ufetul ami imjx)rtant nilcovcry.
In the lirrt Place, fays he, futh a Delign is not to be under-
taken with one or two .Ships, but with a Squadron, «nd
tholi: too of fevcral Kinds ; fomc Ships of Force, fome
Tenders all well provided, and viflualled for a long Voy-
age, Secondly, fays he, the Ship's Comiuny ought to be
tom\>c(<:<\ chirlly of gooil .Seamen \ whereas hitherto the
Majority ot the Cri ws of fuch V'effels have confif^ed of Sol-
diers, or of nnre I ^nd men of fome fort or other. He
gives this Rcafon in .Support of the Maxim he lays down :
In fuch a Voyage, it is natural tlut both Sorts (hould dc-
creafci but the Confequence is, by no means, equal

li?on reniler the I'ower pofllflid of it, if properly nuiia^i:,',
the mull cunliderable M uilime I'owcr in huropt.

When the Db.'-A Comnukiorc quitted the inandof
.'«'««, he It ered a North- weft Courlc, purluant to

■ 6

the Refoluti(jn of the laft Council, in order to atuin the
1 leiglu of ScM Britain. The third Day after they liilni,
tiuy diltovered in slic Latitude of 12° South, and inthe
I.oiigitudc of 290, leveral Monds, which appearcvl very
beautiful at a Dillance •, and, as they came nearer, tlity
plainly diki rued, that tlicy were well planted with Iruit-
tiei-s of .ill Sorts; that the Country protfuccd Herbs, Corn,
uul Roof., in grt-at plenty, laid out, towards the CWt, m
large and regul.ir 1'l.iiitations. As foon as the Inlubiunij
(.iilttii.ei! tlie .Ships, tluy came in tiieir boats, and brought
them Filli, Cocoa-nuts, InJuit ligs, and other Retrdh-
iiients-, in Return for which, the Duub gave them, a
ul'ual, liatU Louking-glalles, Stiiiigs of Ikads, and uthet
'IriHes.

It quickly appcartxl, that ihcfc Iilands were very fully
pcupli'd, fince many 1 houiands of Men and VVomen, tin
former, generally tiK-aking, armed with Bows aiid Arrw,
came down to the Shore to look at thini. iky Uw,
amongft the rel\, a very majellic Pcrfonage, whom, trom du
Drcfs he wore, and the Honours that were paid luni, t.Tty
cafily difcovered to be the i^rincc or Sovereign ot this Na-
tion. He prefcntly flcppcd into his Canoe, accom^cd
by a fair young Woman, wiio lat clofe by tiis l)idc. H,s
Canoe was inuncdiatcly furroundcd by a valt Numbc; ui
other Vcfl'els, that crouded about it, and lixmcd inter.i:cd
for a Guard. All the Inhabitants of tliele lllanus wcic
white, and differed notlung in their Complexion from Ai-
ropems, except that they were a little fun-burnt, lacy
fcemed to be a very harmlcfs good Ibrt of People, v.ry
briflc and lively, treating each otlicr with vifiblc Marks (<
Civility, and difcovering nothing that was wild or Uvigc
in theu- Behaviour. I'hcir Bodies were not painted Im
thoic of the other Indians they had fecn, but roy
handfomely doathcd Irom the Girdle downwards witii 1
fort of Silk Fnnges, very neatly fokled. On theu Heidi
they wore Hats of a very neat kind of Stuff, and very large,

. , , .^„.For, . . .,_„^

if there be SeanKn enough left, they can always fight \ but, to keep off the Sun -, and, about their Necks, diey «or

let there be ever lb many l^and-men, they cannot work the ColUrs of very beautiful and odoriferous Fkwcrs. Tic

Ship in Time ot Danger. His third Maxim is, that, fome Country itfelf appeared exquifitely charming, every one of

Months after fitting out the firtl Squadron, there fhould be the Iilands being agreeably diverhfied widi Hills and Vil-

another fent after them, which, as he obferves, wouki pre- leys, as lovely as Imaginatkm can paint. Some of thcoi

vent the bail LtVeifh of the Scurvy, and of corrupt Frovi- were ten, fome fifteen, and fome again twenty Milei a

virions, fince it would give an Opportunity ot Ihifiing Compafs. They thought fit to call them Bnmm's Ifiaii,

Crews, and prevent either .Squadron remaining too long at after the Captain of the T '

St a without a convenient Supply. In the founh Placc7he
lays tha^ as it is impoflible to forcfee the Accidents that
may lupi^n in a N'oyage, a certain Place of Rendefvous
niLulJ be fixed Ivfure rhe firft Squadron fails, and the Cap-
tain .'f each Veliil ftrirtly iiijoined to repair thither, and
continue t.nerc lor a < irtain Time, in order to wait for his

Cor.ioits. The laft Kule he lays down is this, that whoever all rcfpeils, the moft civilized aroTbefl difpoled Pcopk
is trufted with ihe iliiet Command of fuch an Expedition, " . - . .-

Titnitvt»t who firil difcovoni
theisi. It appeared, that each Family or Tribe had its p
tkrular Diftri^, and compofed of feparate Governments, t!l
of them being laid out into fair regular Plantations, alter
the fame manner with thofe of the Ifland of Ptfib before
defcribed. Our Author fays, that it is a Point of Jullici
due to theli: IQandcrs to acknowledge, that they were, u

In
fl.ouLl not be r.mucd or retrained by hi.s Commiffion, but
t!..U r.:i:ch Hioiiid be kit to his Ditcretion -, Ijeeaufe other-
v.'.fc he will either Ix- at a l.ofs when to follow what the
C':rcuiiifta,.n.s cjf the Voyage direift, and when to adhere to
l.s Orders •, or elle, for his own .Set urity, he will only con-
fider the latter : Whereas the .Succels of the IX-fign mull
always depend (,;i his iudging and acting rightly with regard
to t!,e formi.r. In ail PrulxiUhty, the trxie Realon, why
iv.w ot the Piinres of tunpe luve hitherto under-
taken any thing in this Affair, as it they were in Farnell, us,
th.it they all w.ut tdl funic one (ball begin, who having
<,p ned a W.iy at his own IxiHiue, they may be able to
follow hiin with more Ceit-iinty, and Icfs Danger: Yet
w'l.^: Rcafon is there, in this Ca!e, to hope, tluit the firtl
Dilloverer flioiild U kfs tmati.ms of his Rights, than the
Ireiub are of tluirs m QvmIi, the Spamardi \n Pnu, the
fcrtnt^u./i-'m lir,i/il, the I:n-I.Jh inhrgwi.i, and the Dutch
nr ciie Moluccas f 1 he Liw til Nations gives an cxdulive
Kiglit ot 'r.^ule to tlie fird Dikoverer . and an Attem))! to
vinlatv this would be i onlidered .is an <)jx-n Rupture. 'Ihc
gn.U Point t;,;.Mi is to Iv t'le fnfl Diftoverer, the lawful
l.o;d a;i-.i Pro; rie: jr uf thr new I'radci which mull very

they met with in the South Seas. Inftcad of fhewing &
Tcrron or Apprchenfions at their Arrival, they cxpcilfJ
the umioft Joy and Satisfaction, treated them with a Kind-
ncfs and Rcfi)c<it not to be defcribed, and maiulclWdie
moll fincerc ;uid moll liecp Concern, when they iierrcivd,
that, in fpitc of all their officious I3iligrncc, thelc .New-
comers were not like to flay amongfl them.

It feeiiis the I'«/fi tliemielves felt many of thi-m a ■«
Concern, and would have been extremely well plLilcil Ij
have maile a loiigci Stay in fo plentiful a LuuniiV, '^-
among fo kind a People 1 the rather bo. aufc it was mon ..
ceitaiii, that, by the Help of the vail abundance ot gjo^
Prov, lions, with which thcfc Iflanders willingly lufw^'iJ
them, all their lick People, in a Month's timr, *du>!
have pertectly recovircd. Add to all this, that tlicic Illm^i
hail one Conv^nicncy fupcnor to thole they h.id betoicT.'!
with-, -.12. tiiat tiierc was exceeding good Anchwagea .o:;'
their toalls, where they i-odc in fifteen or twenty l^'tiwi'.
Water in llic greatcll .Saiety. .So many advui;t.igwus C::-
cumlla:iccs ought certainly to have prevailc\l on (heC'on'.-
mixlore, and his Ofhcers, to have a-mained there , b«
their Heads were fo full of an Eaft Mm Voyage, andt.Htt
were fo extremely fearful of milling the haft Montour, t-J!

' ;!::' ' ■"'

Mj--

-).i,r I ,

iiii

Chap.

Commodore R o g g E w e i n.

^75

tV-v coJlii not bj brought, Ity .117 niciins, fo miir h as to
hur ot tlut Piofofil : Vit tins ii.iiiuky J'r.r.uition ot
Lft -.vhicli liiiulrnil tluni Iroin vicwiiif, thcCi' Illamis,
was b'uiit "P"'' •' •^"'-' rourulation, liiuc-, .is tlicy altcrwanis
J,lc>Vfr«l totluir Cnfl, ili.'y winr two Months toi) early,
in'iUa^l ot two Mor.tlis tou late, iDr tlut Tr.:d(.--wiiKl, m
w^xs of muting vitli wlndi, thi-y iiai al>aiK:<);;,il a D.f
cowiy. tliat would, ill all human I'lobability, have am| ly
rcwjr'lat their paft I'ainsan.i Lai our-, aiiJ, which s\x (lill
woilc, ly f'>'' iiuiircrcit ami hally Departiirr, tluy Cuii-
ficc.1 tiv- Utalth aiul Strcnp/.h ot th. ir CifW to lii. h a Dc-
£r;t', t';at ihi.y touiul th, inviws lb wvakcncJ, as to be
tatc'c 111 a Coiiciitioii to navi^at.' tliiir .Shij)s 1 whi.h oiice
put thtiii on tl inkir.ii ot a v. ry I'llj): rate aiitl ilaugcrous
Lx'^viliciit, "'-• tl'-'t "' '''•■" 'H' ""'^ Vi-lUl, 111 finkr, with
Ijs'nifficulty. to manatee the other. All lucii Inconv^-ni-
tiuis li.ul b.cn avoala*, i*, ciuliiaiin,'; ttiis 0,ip')rtuni y,
oiTfrJtiKmly the Favour of" Divine .rovidein, they l.ail
been content to Hay in a i'l.ce ol S.if. ty, I'lmty, aiui I'Ka-
f;irc til! th':ir fuklVuj)!, had riiovtrcd, ir.lUad of wilfully
t.k'ing new Daii rs, witii which they wore io little able
tj tn^Hint'T.

1". \Vci"hiii[< from Bowman' i IJknds, they continued
tbar Coiirfc towards tiic North will, whicli i^iintil tliciii,
tiuT.iU Moiiii'g, till- Sight (.t two lllam's •, whith tiuy
took to be til'.- 1 and it Crncs, and i ratters f/liiiul, lo called
h' IfV.lh'm Stb(r.:'cii, by wliom they wcie liiKovcied. Cap-
tain Bi>j.iiiM would very willingly have ap roaciu li th -in
more nearly ; hut the Cominodoie would not pi-rniit liiui.
The l.lanJ of C.cos, at t!ie Dillanc: tin y law it, liein.d
VLty lii,h La'd, and al'out ciiiht Leaj^'.ucs in Coiri[>a.s.
The other aj'puiid to be niuih lower, the Soil ud, and
wi'Jio'Jt Tretb. Th.s lalt lilanil, tluy beh.vcd, lay in tlie
Litittiile of 1 1° Scjuth i I ut our Author iigenuoudy owns,
that they falkd at too great a Diltaiice to be able to !;iv;.-
r.ygood Accoii.t ol tluni. Th. y f on after law two other
I'amis of V ry lar;;- b.xtent, one ot v.-hxh ihev call.d 7>V'/-
hiTiit, and the tither Cnn.ngucn \ which laft, many of
thtir Officers were clearly o! OiJinion, was no llland, but
thf gnat South Continent tliey were lent 10 diia)Vi.r; with
rtfpfCt to which, however, our Author luf|x-nds his Judg-
nient, be^Jufc the Prools on neither Side I'eeined to hiin
convmcir.g. A.s lor the llland ot Tienhovfn, it appi ared to
bcarichiiidbtaiitilul Country, moderately high, the Mea-
dows exceejingiy ^jieen, and within land adornetl wih
Treis. Tliiy coafled alorg the .Shore lor a who! • Day,
without comingto the l".iul of it. '1 hey ol f rved, however,
that it extended in the Form of a Si micin le towards t!ic
I'lnJ of Groningucn \ fo that, after all, it is very probable,
that thcfe two Countries, th.it were at lirll taken lor [Hands,
may, in Reality, be Laiu;;, contiguous to e.ich other, and
tothot them Paits of the Zcrra Jujiralts incognita: Yet
oar .Author acknowledges tliey found, in that Neigh'iour-
l.coJ, lllands of \ ^0 Miks in Circumterence •, whica agrees
Very well with tilt Acioue.f give n by Dampier, who afTinns,
that hefoun 1 a Streight ktw^cn .^V•;t• Gumey and Ntiv Bri-
U:n\ and, il fu, this iiuft be (onfidcred as a:i llland. A
gnat Part ot liie Coin, any were tor mv. Iiorii g on the Co ill,
ar..; nuking a Def Mit; but tlut was now become a veiy
cifii;rceah;e Motion j and, lobe rid (.lit the i.ioie laliiy at
ptd' i.t, the Olliceis, who were io fond of going to the
bj\ hilts, fiiwd\td, that it mull, at this time, be at-
l-iKicil with i;reat Danger, lii.'.e, if the I'ariy landing was
r-toir, tiicy Hiuuld r.ot then have Men enough left to i .my
thtir .Ships home.

They were oblig d tliercfore to continue their Courfe,

^.0* ^lilagrcf.ibh- lotvcr ti.at Meafuie might be to the Ma-

.■'"V ot the Company, who, as they came out to make

D.iiovcries, were unwilling to go home with imperfect Sto-

tid. h was lU/t tiww doclitai but tlut they lliould very

Ixn fc the Co,ifls vd' AV.. 6'«/V,'v, or of Sew BrtUiin ;

t it, aixr laiiii-ig tor many Days uiihm.t leemg any Land

■■ta.I, they l,.ei;.iii to Ik- faiisiied ot tf . Vanity Tt theleCal-

r.anor.s; but, at the fame time, could lujt help murniut-

■ LWl.'th-attheir EiVt.ts, whicli w<re V(-iy I're.utlul, fincc

i:^ Sa:rvy bcg.iii to (any oil' tlire,-, four or five of their bed

lla-: is every l)ay: So that, though they li.id alre.uly re-

■i-i' three .Ships Companies to t\\o, th(-y more tlun once

•i.::)< rated, wlKthent might not b; e.xi-e-.iient to bum one

Ne.\ic i().

of the remaining V'clTels ; and the only Argument that rc-
ilraineil them fiom iloing it was, that, in cale any Accident
bifej one, theic was flill a Poflibility left of cicaping witli
the other. Ihcre cannot be any thing more Kfnb'e than
the Account our Author gives of the Miferies they eixlured -,
but, at the liiine time, it is too curious, and too important,
to be omitted.

At tins time, fays he, there wa.s nothing to l>c feen on
bo.inl but lick People, llruggling with inexprelTible Pains,
and dead Carcalls, that were juft rdeafed fiom them, and
from which aiofc lb intolerable a Smell, that lucli as yet
reniaintd U urd were not able to ci-dure, but i-equcr.tly
fvvooned with it. Cries and Groans were perpetually ring-
ing in tiieir I'.ars v and the very Sight of the People move-
ing about was fiilicient to excite at once Tenor and Com-
panion -, lor fbme of them were fuch perfedt Skeletons, that
their Skins licni'd to cleave to their Bones, in which fad
Ciicun fl.ine\s they had thi^ Confol.ition, thnt they felt no
Pain, ut e( nlunied and extinguillied like the Siiutf of a
Caidle. Otle. rs, apain, were Iwelied an! piitT-d up to a
morillrous Si/.-, and W(re torminted with fucli violent
I'aii's, .IS thr..w them frequently into a furious kind of Mad-
nil's. Oihers were worn away by the Dylentery, and
bl »()dy Stools, while ina^iy lliriered the molt excruciating
Pans Iriiin tin- Kheumatil'm -, and oth-:rs dragr^-.-d their
ile.ul Limis alter thern, the l-'celini; of v/hicii ;iad b en
taken away I y ti e Pally. I'o all tiuf Dircafes ot the Co.Iy,
there- were iikewife a.'.ded maiiy Dill mpers of the Mind:
An .'V: .dviptiiV ol about twenty-five Ye..i., old, cried, with-
ou; le.iiiiig, tor twenty-four 1 lours before he diei!. Baptize
we! i'lipiiie me ! When the Captain was told of it, he an-
Iw^rec 11 a veiy qu ck Toi'e, If hi' had a miid !o hav- pcjfed
through that Ctremcny, be JJjould have though! cf it before he
embarked; ad>ling witii a .Sneer, '■The telhiu knivjs well
enough we have 1:9 Parfons Lre. W licii the [loo;- M.m was
told this, he lemaineil quit, and died with great Keligi'a-
t;on. J here were two Papills on board, tiie one a freiich,
tlie oth'. r a Dutchman^ who gave v.h.,t little Money they
had to their friends befeeclung tliv ni, tliat, it ever they
returned to IhHaud, they would liy it our m piocuring a
ccit.iin Number of M.iires to l-c fiid f'or t ;e Kepofj of their
Souls, to the 1 lonour of St. Jnthony of Padua. .Uuc they
were not all of fb religious a Ddpoation ; o'^ the con-
trary, many of them would not hear ai.y thing ti'.a: had the
kal't Savour of Religion, tor fome time bclore they ex;iired.
Our Author allures us, that he Taw lomc, who ti I'.iier eat
nor dr-.nk lor four-ar.d-twenty Days Ix-loi-e they iheil ; and
fome, again, were carried oil' lb lu.idenly, that, in th midft
of tluir Uilcomfe, th.y llopp-d fliorr, and werj lotmd to
lie deal. All thef-- ditil-icnt Kinds of Si- knellL-s our Au-
thor attiln.t.s chiefly to their bad Provif.ons, th ir fait
Meats b II. g i-orrupted, thiir hrcul full of .Magiiots, ,ind
their v\ at. r tlinking to an intolerable Degree. In fucii Cir-
cu.iiil.in.es as tlule, Medidnes, at the mo:l,toul.' only de-
ter Death, butcouKi never work a Cure. The only etfei'^ual
Remedy w.is trefli Meat, 1 leibs and Water. Even fuch as
w re repute^l in IL-.dth were low, weak, and much aflh.ted
with the Scurvy. Our Autiior tells us, that tho' he was
as wJI .IS .i;iy body, yet he had the Scurvy to fuch a de-
gree, th.it his Teeth were all loofe, his CJuins torn and
inllanied, and ins Body covered with Spots of difi'.rent
Colours. .\t lail, however, it pleal'ed CkkI t,) put a Period
to thtir Miferie?, by giving them a Sight of rue Coall of
AVti' BriUr.'i, the Joy of which tilled their Sick with new
Spirits, and encouraged fuch as wen able to move, to hope
they might yet return to their native Courary •, whenas, if
they h.ul been obliged to continue many Days longer ar Sea,
th.y mull ccitainly luve perilhed, as well tlirougn IXl'pair,
as tnrc>ugh the many Mifeiies tluy I'ulTered, of which tho*
he has g.vtn lis a long and iriclancholy Account, he yet
alTures us, tliat it is but a taint Defciipnnn, and t.dls veiy
far fliort in expreliing the lu.uiifold Dilhel!"e3 to wineh diey
were fxpvd'ed.

iS. The Country of jVcry Brit.u'n, as w\ll as th- reft of
the lllands in its Neighbourhood, is very high Laad, m.w.y
of the Me)Uiitains hiding theinfelvcs in thcClotid-; ; bur, tor
the Seacoalls, they are equ.illy fi rtile and pleafant, the Mea-
dows wearing a perpetual \'eidurc, and the Hills b^-ing co-
vcrcil wiih v".nious Sents of Fiuittrces. It lus in tlie Lati-
4 A »u-l«

'"'(•■' ii'

i'AA

?i-N%l

V t'

! ;«r!W

' If .i-l , f

i74

m V () Y A G V. S of

Took I

•I. '.I ■

!,»

tiule of Ivtwcfn 4' ami -' S' utii •, f > thit, in }v int el Si-
tiution and AppiaiMiKV, tlun i<..;l : not any lountiy pro-
mik- morf, than this <\u\. I'lu' /'«'.^ thador., .iltor
Ibmc ConUihati,.!, n Clval, ,it all Iv.ms toj;.. on Ihorr.
tho'tlKTcaitamly w.r. Ibir.i- very llrnn;? Atp.iMifnts.tp.inll
■,t i tor they were now \ve..l<>nal to l.nh aiLgrei', th.it ili-y
roukl Karce. ,uk . t K-th :-h.i'S fparc Miiicnou^ii to nun
a H.iat, mui l.avc a fu Tk lein NuniS.r to navij'.at.- one ^hij),
fuipol'mt; that th.y ihoul.l conWr.i to t^veup all Hopes .'t
ci'rrying home the other; but th;- iMIlions ot the Mi.ps
Companies were lo llrong lor poing on (ho:.; ami their Ne-
ce.Iities U) girat, that, on the W hole, it api'caral aWo-
li.tily rcqiiilite to v.niure a Dilccnt, let the ConieiiuciKCS
of It be what t!iiy wi M.

Aic.jr.'inplv, our Author wai orilere.! into t!ie Sli.il'op,
with a certain NumbiT of Men, with Inlhuaions to ir,'>on
Ihore at a'ly rate, by fnr Mean?, it pulTibl,-, anil with the
ConlVn: of the Inhabitants tor whom they earneil a |;r.at
Qiuntity of Tritks by way ot I'rel'.nt ; but, if this h.ul no
Kllkt, tlien tliey wee to make i.lc ot Force, fince ilicCir-
cumllanccs they were uiuier maile it as cligiiilc to ilic by the
1 lanvls of 15,iibarians, .is to jierilli piec-nieal tliroiyli Want
and Diiealli;. The nearer tiuy Jrew to the C'o.ilK the more
they were plealeJ with it, lincc it gave them a N'lew, ainl
that a very n.ar one, of all the Retrelhrnnit . they could willi
for. The Inhal itants alfo came liown in Crowds •, but not
in a Manner that added at all to their Satisf.iitlioii : For they
were well .irmed with IJows, Arrows and Slinks, demnn-
flratini; fuii"icie;u!y by tiiiir tjtllures, that they were mx at
all pleated \uth thefe New-coimrsi and that they diil nut
int.nd, by any means to let them land p..iccably. As the
Shallop dnw neara the Shore, the Inhabitants thiew them-
jllvcs into a frantic IVfpair, m.ide trii^htful Faces, howled,
tore their 1 lair, and, a-, it they had Ixii rowed Courage from
the ()iiick Senfi of tlieir Oiilrtls, hurried olVin their C.inoc<;,
in order to m.etthat Danger, which they law was unavoid-
able.

1 1). The DK/iicortir.iud to nvike the bell of their Way
towards th.- Land ; which when the Indians f.iw, they dif-
ch.irg'd a Might of .Arrows whi.h was followed by the Ja
velins they h.id in t!i. ir I lands. This was Ibcceeded by a
prmliyous Show. r of .^tonfi, liillharged from their .S|inp;s ;
and a-, th re r.CLded no nnre to convi;;ce the Dutch, th.it
they had not!ii;ig to trull to but Force, they lired u|X)n them
without ceaiiiig-, and this with Hit h F.tVed, tliat many of
thin were killed, .iiv.l the rell terrified to fuch a ilegri-e,
that many of them tlirew themfelvcs out (;f thiir Cano.s
inti) t'le Water, and tlie rell were at lall obli;»cd to follow
th' .r l-'.xam lie ■, lor Inch w.is their Contulion, that they were
no I'J^g.r able to ilillmguilh the j-roiH-r Chaiuls, by wb.ieh
tiuy mijiht l.if. ly have ri turned witii tluir Cano ?, but ran
them on tiie Koiks an.l Sholcs tli.it lay before their Coalh.
This almotl tuik t'rom the Duuli ail Hojws (jf fillowing
them-, and, while tiny were thus emb.irafTed, there arofe a
moft violent .Storm, 01 that Kind wiiith t!ie I)«/fi> .Seanen
llyic i}'r,if,ii, and wii.ch cunimonly I'prii j;s in the midft of
aCaliTi, wh n the Air is perfe.. ly clear and fereiic 1 and, by
its Violence, fri<iu.ntly brings the .Mails by the board, and
carries the .Sails into the Air, if they are not fin-lcd in a.T
Inftant. This Siutm forced the Sh;p'> out to Sea, and I. ft
tliepoor Peojile in their .'^h.-.llnr, without Ilelief, and almoll
without llope. 'liuy ran lu ulenly on a Ba:;k of .Sand,
\vh;-re they were Ixateii wi'li lij.h Violence by tiic Wim's
ami Waves tli,.t tlieit funv.d to b/ no Me.ms of Satl-tv Irff,
b.ut, as lJefpa:r ufually [.'.ivcs Men Spirits i.nd Strength be-
yo;id wh.K tiuy have at other timc-s, they had the g(K)d
iortune to tln.j; t!i;ir Veliei lafe to I. am), where, by the
Favour ol Divme I'rGvi.lenre, all of tlurn ;/ot on Ih ,tv,
I ,t:p,ued indeed to tlie lall Ut-rce, but without any ether
Hurt.

1 he lirft tiiiii!^ they did w.ls, to endeavour to find out
f jmc I'lace oi R' tre..t, where they mi^ht k- lafe tio.n any
ludden .Attack oi t/ieir Ivv mies •, but, b lore Inch a I'lacc*
could be tijunJ, the Ni<'!r. drew on, and they wr ■ • iriid
to contei.t tluml'lvcs with i^etting togrthri, w.y.rr iliy
wcie, ..s n-.any I'ieres of Wood, and f.ro'-.ui J'.rai.c'-. s of
'I re;"., ;is po(<lble, in o'-d-r to dry ar.d w.irin t'l- nif. !-,f5.
Wl.c) ihcy hail, by t.his tn ar.s nude a pt.try f^ood I-'ir>*,

.ibojt them. Th ■ I iji'it of the Fire r. .

M\\ V

■;ii tn I'if.
1)1 ih'

(r'Vir lev.ral Ca'-ins r-\\ I hits in the N>:i:':lxji;i|ro'
I'l we wheie they had t.l.en up their ASuV", .v,\- vy .1 n !,,„.,
bcf.>re they weiit to e.xitviiir \s!;at tli.le c.'nMirerih t.i_ki"tj; awiy_, wire a few Nits, ci!rit,.i|i.,
wro iglit. 'Iiiey r»w lik' wife a' tind.ince of Cocu4-t,'.^'.
but, as thiy h.ul broui^ihr no I la;. Iirfs, tiuy were nor a4j
to come at .uiy j-'ruir, and hid, c(,ii ii)iicr,tlya vnyc..mYir;.
lets .N'iglr, Cirinj', wl-.ich they w.ie perpemil y (iutn-i,.,)
bv the tinditful Nolle, tli.it the Inluhitaiits nude m th;
Woods, wiu rcc they naturally appiehcnJtd tiuy w.rctvTr
M( inent com;ii<j to att.Kli iheiii.

20. Til'. Louiny appears ta N- rxeecdir;; lettijc, c''--
cially in all lortsot 1 iuit>. The Mo.iiitains, t!i.itarev,7
lii'rh, proii.if' Mires ot all kindv, lir.ce tlicie are iMni'vi-'-
Ccui. tries in this Climat , the M( ur.tains i.f whx.'ulo r„'t
produce Met.:!-. As tor the Inhaiirants, they arc ,u.il|
well-made I'eople, jxiled Mulattoes in point of Cuti-lc.
xien, With loig bhu k 1 lair, that curls t!ow:i t > th;:ir W .;:';!,
'I'hiy are i.\!ieme y vii^oious and niiiibl'', an.! i> i!rxt:o;:s
in the Die ot th. ir .\ims, that no Doubt can K- m,!,:,' u
tlieir living m a prp.tual State of Warnre. It has ben
long (jueltiontil, even with the mul experienced Navii:i.
tors, wliethcr thisl.ard ou[^ht to be a'.countvd aCtr.t.r.vr
or an Iiland •, .ami jx-rhaps the Point is not yet e!e.ir, !;-,:i
the DifcovetRs m.uic l>y thele Duicbmcn are, m that rcl':)..'
very inconliderable. Tiie .Haniis near th'' Ciwlf are, ;.■: i
manner, niimlxrlefs; fo that it was with ;-;!"at DilR.'jiiy
that th y oht.iieed a Palfige tlir()Ui';li them. It may lutii:
amils h' r to obf ive, that this Account agre 's exaCliy^irii
that (il Damptir ; to that I make no Quiliion, that t,';:
Place, w!iere our Author lantled, w.is the lame to whitli
Dampur gave tlie N.ime of Shn-^en Hay, ti.jm d-.e D;s';-
rity ut the Inhabitants in the Managemtiit of that Inll:.-
ment.

But I d.o not tliink, that cither his il! .Succefs, or thfi-^
ought to hiiuler tlie I'rofecution ot fo impjirtant a DiIcl-
very, fincc it is certaiiily very potliblc for Ships to rcacli
this Country, without meeting with their Misfortunes. Tfc!
Cor.rt of AV» Brtiatn is now very well known fruni ti.^ir
.Accounts, and fo accurately lai.! down in our Lhart.', thit
tliere is no li.rt ot Dangtr of an able Seaman's m.iri.-.g
them \ and, if a Im ill Srjuadron failed from hmcc dircdly
f(.r that Coall, tl-.cr ■ i'-all the Probability in t!ic WorL!,t.''Jt
we n^ould very loon lie Mafters of a Country, little, if at
all, interior to the Dtitib Spice Iflaiids. As It r eur Dtii
Dilcovcrcrs, tin y no fooncr heard the Signal w.xk by thrir
Ships, wl-.ich was a little after Midniglit, th.an tliey hal^.wi
on laird; and the next Morning they fail?.!, making rV:
Way as well .as tliey could through that numero'.;s .'\rchi:<-
lago betore-mentMned. The Mritortunts th.t L.iil k't.i .1
them on Ihore m.idc fuch an Impietllon, tii.;t thiy caiy
tins Part of the Coi.ntry Stcrin.'iViJ : Vet tlr.y miinstlutcl'/
refolved to venture on a Drfcuit the next Opporfjr.ity ti".::
offe ed, lime they had rot ten .M.n in bjtii Velllk, i!--
were 1:1 ptrfee'i I Iralth ; and. tluir St Kkfirti, ujxjii w!.'...i
they had lived tor fome tunc pall, w.is now fj tui! il
Wor.ms, and flunk to I'uch a degree, that, inftead ct t:'-
ing, thiy coul.i not come near it. The Of-c. rs cdd.' :
now pa. li'y tlie Men with Stones f.f tb.e Et:]} In.'..::\ t''
they lieclared a! iidutely, tiiat any Death on Ihoie wuiJ.ll^
nwre welcome, than living longer at Sea in fuc!\aCi'ti.h:. :.:
.And in this Situaticn they were, wh:-n they .irrivcd \■^^^■^
1 leght ol 1 South I ..iti'udc, whc'e they txptite.l to :'..'.i
the Iiland. of AArtan 1 .'rimsa, dil'.overed by S,bc-i::i.

2 I . Tiipy had Reaioii to commend the Care and fxie
net'-, i.f that able Seaman, finct th-.y qu:, kly dil'.-uV.rriU«f".
thole Pands, and iii-.mediatcly itlldved to attempt t;.!:;^
Ijnie R-.het troiii .iiimtii, which is the bipg-P. i f tiic t^w
The li,h.;bitar!:s no liKiner faw thtin appruaili, tiiin &1
cam;- out t.) meet tht.m in th- irCanucs ; of whi'.ii tlii.y.'id
.1 i>rodigiu',:s .Numb- r. 'I'l:e!e Pcop!e wer^; all ainvd «it^
Hows .ir.d .AtKi'.v^ even tlieir Women and l.hil inn. Twy

brou;^;ht with them Coco,! i.M,, IiiJj.m I igs, v.irmu
ot Roof., and otiier Retrellimi nf ' ' ■'

., 1..:

iinU

ilus iK'.'.iO t'J r.viv.

y i..i,i i.ijie to look

-. , ....... .....>.,.,,..,.,■, ....V, .oWea liireillyt':''

imird ihe Shii>s, wnlunit the le.ill Sign of Fniror D:\\^'-
I'he Z)«/.,I) ofKT.-d th'.m :li h I; iid ^'' IVitles as t!,.y U

.1*

Chap.

Cor,i::uj:hrc R o g c; i'. w i' i n.

2^7?

, n board, by w..y

thrv intrn

fonf.iitfd them I'

ih.Mn, wit!!"Ut cxpr

f.iritfd, li

thf Oni" kir.

the Pc''''' tii-'ciivoiircil tt>

of fnlii.ti wlii.li lluy irriivi'l kindly:

t il)i I'c, ;iiiii (',.ivi- tli( in

■y

P,r Nvhn, thry flv'^r! th m tnnPt- nt ilu c, ;,i,ci r,.iv.- t ., i
;Vu:uknl.n.l. r'.T th- y w<'.r ttnt fo. t ol M. re u.,cl,/.r,vvh.,
SrtintrwUl tn lurta with them l<>r Kdrdlinvniv, th.

s \vit!i iurnin(5 th;in ov. r, ;inu loiking .it
n \\\wz, .I'ly IiitintiMi to tliMl. Tlicy rf-
ttivrr. thi- n< xt Pay, w:t!i prc.it (^iiantitas of
of Thin;;'' they hail hioiight hi fore, ^vhal
,iK-/w.f u..,cavo»nart» iH-rfuailc thnn to bring foniL:
]'l„„, o'l 1' vir.l ; but, .is thry cdiiVLrlfil only by .Si;;ns,
tv'/'i.'M'" niillixik them li) t.ir, .is to briMR t!um the next
I'liV two .T t'ira> l)r[v. whuh jwval .in iiu-xprcinhli;
niiinmintm lit. Our -Aiitlior was at tnis tliiu-, a['ain in
a V rv Ki I ■'^tatc (if 1 li alrh -, but the Kifnthmrnts |ir(Kiiral
froiiith.I-inii<if .irmoa \\xA fo rockI an !\lic:f, that, in a
I'ttic time, h" f' ii'hI liiinfit much better i ani.1 .nniins us,
thir if he amid hut have h I'i 1 -i tity to have gone on Ihorc
|nr two or three P.iys, he IhoiiM h.ive fouiui himfelf per-
fcllv rccovtrtii. 1 lie H'aiulcrs liid all that in their Power
liv :u tifrfiMiie them to nke thi'; Step, ami never came on
bt'imi without inv.tin!-; th-, m on fhorc i but, inafniui h as
th-v were now extremely weakened, .and, for fome O.iys
Iclnre ihrir .Arrival, had thrown ovcT-!)oard regularly lour
or five ol tin ir I'eople a D.iy, it w.^ thought too {;n at an
WaxS to run, the rather, fays our Author, becaule, in
iheivklft (jf all their Civilities, there was fomcthing in the
Air, the Look, and the I .anguage, of thcfe I'eop.le, that
i.fineci t!) fivovir of I'erti.ly : But he afterwards feems to

of h'luit evTy Mnnili.il.ei, .ircatv-.y:. Tun- full ripe, othtrj
grein, and |onv jult bin iii,|ii|» to I uttuii. The Fruit is
tria;io,ular, of a )'rv'iiilli I hr , and ol ililVerent Uigntfs i
r;j. from thit ol an I'ldlnary ll.ill, to the Si^e of a Man'a
I lead. It is loviriil with two IJimht, the outer loinpofui
oflfing.t.uigh'rhre.i.N.ol aColour bit w.m red and yellow-,
the f.coiui Mil II \\ ,it hard a. a Man's Skull. Within theft;
there is a thifk, linn, wliiie Siil.ll.mie, which, in Talk,
refembles a Iw.Tt .\lmoiid. \\v I, ihalmaiu'* (.'f the Coun-
tries, where thele 'I'rei i (irow, lal them with their Victuals,
as we do Hnadi and diaw, ly iinlllng, a Liquor, which,
in 'I'alle .mil Cnnrilliiiir, ifiiililes Atmond-milk. This
Milk, being ixpofd to the |''ii'i , I'h.ingrs into a kind of Oil,
whieh they iife, as we do lUitter, In their Sauces, and alfu
in their I .amps, Tlii y likewili' ule it mnlicinally, and often
rub thiir Do lies wnli it, II lidi-i tiii-, white Subrtance, that
is fouiul in (he Nut, (lieiv ii, in the Middh' of it, aconfi-
deralile (.Uiantity nl a Oeai, bii|ilit, cool i .iquor, which, in
I'alle, leleiibKs lujj^.iud \V,iti r, They draw likewifc from
i le Tree itfi If a 1 .ii|uor, w liii h the hhlimi e.ill Sura. This
is wh.it the l'Mri;p(,mi (1)|. i'alm-wine. It is of a very
.igreeable 'I'alle, and falls but liille lliort of Spanifl) white

Wine, exiept ill kiU'iiin i I'ur, in alwut two D.iys time,

it turns li<ui. T|k

Method, render it eseeljuu N'liii gar. As the Sura is very

iir.Kn a hettiT Reafon for tins Precaution ; for he tells us,
ihit the Iiliiiil of Ar'.mca was extremely populous j which
iiiit;ht well render ihem aliaid of venturing afliore.

They obfer\'e'.l, however, that a? ten as thefe IHanders
ffriiron loar^l their VefTels, they took in their Hands a
.^trk, with a i'iece of I'omc white Stuff fixed to it i whicii
they puclTed to be in the n.iture of a Mag of Truce-, and
lorn ihcnce, very probably, conjedured, that they were in
contin'.ial War with fomc N.ition or other, mod likely with
their Ntighlxmrs the Inhabitants of the Illand of Moa -, in
which Conjcchirc they wi re loon confirmed, when they
obfi.r\'fil, that none of their Canoes ever went alhore on that
I'laiiii, bur, on the contrary, pafTecl it with vifible Precipi-
tation. 'Ihclc Remarks furnilhed them with a new Scheme
lor acquiring; fixedily a confidcrable Stock of Provifions :
Ihey were fatisfied, th.!! the IHand of Moa was but thinly
jxoplcil, ihii' as pleafant and fenilc as the other ; and this
cna^stilthem to attempt, by a fuddcn Delcent upon that
laind, to carry ofFat om e what might cnalile them to pro-
frtiite their Voyage, witliout Danger of falling into the
Diftreifc?, whicli thry had fo lately endured. This Project
w« very bold in itfelt, and required a great deal of Prudence
inthel'ondu:t of It: It was therefore thought exjx-dient to
hnd in ilitVcrcnt I'hiccs ; but at the lame time Orders were
givji, that one Party oidy Ihould advance into the Country,
iid that the others Ihould join .:5 foon as pollible, in order
t)b; at hand to liipport them. This Scheme tliey carried
::!o Fxtf iition as happily a; they could wilh i for th')ugh,
i'ltxii w thiy bep,aii to lell the Cocoa treis, the IiuHmis,
*ho lay in Amhut'rade '.;e!,ind the liullies, difharged a
^-T.virot ,-\rrriWs ;it th- :ii, yet they were fo foitunate as
!'ilapj un'iurt v wh(iv;is the Oifclurge of their Small-
-"•s laid ubuniLince of the Natives d.cad on the Cjroui'.d -,
»'i.h U) frii',ht«l the fell, that they took Shelter imme-
••"-'y in thir Canoe,, and .dterwards endeavourid, liy
'•::-s and Shunt', u, alarm the nil of their Countrymen,
-I'ihrinir them to tluir Atlidaiice : IJut it was in vain -, for
''ffe'.ih;idpollat themfelves ft) ji,\iie:ini!ly, .is to be able
■'^■i"..fk them 111 Mmk and Rear, in cale they h.id delcend-
!''i:n thi ir Mountains. 1 lowever, as they rem.iin,d
> '::, the DutJ.< had 'I'ime given them to bring aw.iy Soo
h- <'.'.!-nuts; With whieh Hoo'v they returned fate on board
I '/';r,S!!all(,p^, .ind toon aft r hjoined tlieir Sliij s, very well
t '■':*-''lwiiluh'-:rt:xped:;i'M. '

l.V Cw\M tree is u Sp ■cii s of the Palm, whicli er iws in
"■-j. I'laecs m t|,f y,v,y/ .,,,,1 if.-jt Indus. It is larg', llrait,
•'■ l^rows rarrow inii-mil-ly ii.,,m the Bottom to the Top.
'hefimt hargi to the Trui'.k by Huiulus, united by a
i™nl, not unlike the Twig , fa Vine, but ftrong r. 'its
I 'Wrs are yellow, 1,1a- thof <>; tl-e (.helr.ut. The I'hre.uls
I ^" aancks hang up •gv.-.neb lii; 1 up. Ai it bt ars Biiiu lies

hey ih'iu)
it esei
llrong and he.idy, thiy, p, neially fpeaking, temper it witK

Uiol'e It to the Sun, and, by this
\\
.1 lie.i^ly, thiy,
tli.it frcfh clear Water, whi' li e. iliawn from the Nut. In

order to extrait this Wine, i,hey lut one of the largeft
Twigs at the DilV.uue ol .ibout ,i loot from the Tree, and
hang to it rithei a Hotile, or a Cal.iballi. This Wine,
whin boiled, priuhiie', another, which the Natives call
Orniqiui, .ind, by dillillinu i(, they acquire a Itrong Water
or Spirit, which they llyi^ //,),, and whicli many People
prefer to that of tin fuiie Name m.uU in the Eajl Indies,
and which is lu Wc 11 known, ,iiid I'o niucli clleemed, in £«-
rcpe.

They found in this lll.ind likrwife avaft plenty of Pome-
gr.in.ites ol a moll e.s'u llriu I'.illc, as well as Pifans, or In-
dian Figs, which hive been betoie delcribed. Ihefe Rc-
frefliments were of piodigmus .Service to them j and our
Author declares, ih.it, wiihnut them, the Whole of both
Ships Compani.s mull have infallibly piriflied. They were
no loom roil Uiard iluir N'rllih, th.in thy began to make
the necell'ary Preparaiious lor iiuittmg tli.it Place. While
thiy were doing this, the lllaiuhrs liom Moa tame oft" in
:ibout 200 C.iiuies, all l.lden Willi Provifions of dilTerenc
Kinds, wh'uh thty rxihain:^ed with them lor v.irious Sorts
of Merchandi?.e. Thit the Diitih uiideiUood as intended
IHiiely to prevent a Icuiiul Dilcent \ and therefore, though
they receiveil ihnu kindly, and trcited them f.iirly in the
Puicluce of their C.ii|'.o, yet they lulUred only a few of
them to enter tlu ii siiips \ and, when they attempted to
ruih on 1 o.iiil by Ciwuds, iliry find upon them ; upon
whiih tluy a!l ihuketl llieii I leads, and, as foon as they had
r.iifed them up .igain, bloke out into a loud laugh. Fhe
l''\ehang.' v,.i. no loon, rovu, than they weighed Anchor,
and |\irtiil \Mih their lii,ii,iii> in praty good Terms. One
thing,, our Antlu.r rein,.il,s, as very lingular i liz. that,
while they rein.iiiieil lure, liiili of their Sick, as had any
.•strength left, recoveud svoiKliilully j and luch as were
quite exhaulled, ilied,

21. Alt. r leavinj; ihc IllaiuU <j\' Moa and Jriirca, they
continued dvir Voyive tliiou(^li a Sea f > very full oiTllanJs,
that, fill. !;ni', itdilli, ul(, il not impolVible, to count them,
they coiuei.ud thcml. b'es with, niiiioliiig on ilwiu the ge-
neral N.iii e 1)1 •I'buitJ'.m.l (iLiiiJi. 'i'lv Inh.ibitants of ihcfi;
Countries were Nc'j.iois, ol a lliort fquai Make, and their
1 bads coVLied witlillmk Uiikd Wool, riuy wercabold,
niifchievou;, iiur.i.'t ,ble !»',|. c of Sav.ip,is. I'licy went all
luked. Men, Wo.iun, ,iiid Childiin, having no other Or-
r.anient ih.m .i kuul o| |li li, .ibout two I ing' r. broad, coni-

pofed of I'eillli ,ind (hi y IlkeWlle Won Hl.lCelitS ot the
fame. Some i f tlu ill wou oil th' ii 1 b.uls liglit .^tiawilats,
mingled witiiihe Kallui'. «il the lliidnol I'ai.uhfe. It is laid,
tluttlvfe Birds ,ir; liMiid nil while but in thefe lllands.
There are ind-ed Inn > that po uiuKr the fame Name,
found on the Colli ot ;/(/i,)> but tiny dill'ir veiy much
Iroiii thefe in iluir I'luii'.ip.c, .Smiiot ih, le lllam's as arc
I'ltiU.d near iIk Will I'l'Ha u' lli Conunent cl .V. ;c' G'k/'-

\}'-i':

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irt,ftl

if, J

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i i'

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t V

:^nf;

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i.*i«

V'-\\

Til; > ;<V

27<5

The \ Y A G i: S of

i''H)k

'i ': •■

».v..in-ftillal!ra the //.".v- y /V"''»^ t:.<-enm;ninnt ut
WAS cilk.l the land of Pep r', l^torc ^V^r.■,v« nii-.-ul t!ut
upon it which it now Uars, to whK-!i he «..s priiuip.U.y tn-
diiccl, bv it Ivins; i:i »!)•■ I.viv L.iutii Jr wtthOJ i.i*mcy.

Whftu'vcr tlif inhabitant' of th-lc IlLiiuis p" tu 7<-m.(.y,
Sandn, Amb. V^.i, or anv ot t!u- A/l.'ww. in orJir to cX|.oK'
to Salr til. Ir NKrchandizo, Iik li as lalt i'ork, AiiaHT. U'k ■
dul>, W'- rh.jr likrwifv carry with tlifin Uiiin' ot thfle Hiuls
of Paradife. They conlhi-tly 1.II thun de.il. alliimmi;,
that they always tiiui them To, .im! tint tluy are alilolutoy
Ignorant wiicnce they conu-, or where they bra-il. 1 nns
much is certain, that this Bir.l is always leen v.ry hi? i i:»
the Air. It is extremely light, iiuliiuich .is it foniillsc;i.e .y
of Fcathfrs, which are exci-nivclv Uu:itiil, xA irn.,int uii-.-
of the grcaieft timuruics in the W otKI. I'hf I'luina-e .it
its Hcaa are as bright as (".oKl ; tlK-f.' ol its Ne^k rekmln.'
a Drake's, and thofv ot if- Tail .n. 1 Wini',s .ne viry hkc a
Peacock's. As to the fell, in its B<ak .iihI 1 oiin it o.ni.s
ne.m'll to a Swallow, rxcciit thit it is i;>nvwlut lufg '•
Such as deal in ilum would pcrfuadc Stiarp'is, that they
h.ive no Feet, anii that, when tiny llap, th/y hai^; tlkir.-
felves by their Feathers to the Bnixh ot a Tiee -, bin ilio
Truth of the Matter is, that 'helt Iiadir'. cm them oil,
in order to render their Buds more wonder!u!._ lluy like-
wife tell another pretty I'ale lo heigluen tie Va1:e ot t.ieir
B.rds 1 which is th:%' that tiie Male has a fas'ity in his
Baclt, where the Fem.ilc l-idges lur Yuuiig, till thy .ire
able to t-.y. To give a greater AppeaMiiee of IVuth to
tl«fe ftr.inpe Stories, t'ley cm oft" the L(Rs ;b tli fe to tiie
Body, that, wlicn the Fleth begms to dry, t!ie .Skin and
the Feathers unit- fo perltaiy, that it is limply iinix)ir,l;ie
to p-.rceivs the leail Scar. 'I'i-ey like.vife allert, t'lat th le
Birds are co'ninually trying ; that they live by the IJiuis and
other Infe'.b they cit.h i:i the Air. The i'eatlurs ot ll.e
Male are lirighter, and n-.ure hauti''ul, th.iii tlioft u\ the Fe-
male. In the Ealb'tn Lmr.iMiies this Bird is i;e:;erally called
Mv'.^cduUj, that IS t) fay. ih- Bud ot Ooj. J h<re .irc a
great mary uf them f nt to B.:,,iiij, wh.erc, gener.illy fpeak-
ing, they are Ibid tor three C rowi.s aiiecc. Th." Mcon,
the Arabians, and the Pfrfumu elteem them inif;hiily.
Thev ni.ike ufe cf their Frath rs tu adorn their SaddKs and
Horte-fiirniture -. and, to Imghten tlic.r l.u'dre, they inter-
mingle th'-m wi;h I'earls and Diamonds. They wear them
hkcwife in tiieir Turbans more iljccLlly when tluy go
to War, trom a I'uperlhtious Not. on, tlut tliey arc a kind
ot Charm, capable (.f fecur.ng them trom Woum.s. The
Shall ard the dreat Mogul thought it formerly the higheft
Mark of their 1-ft^'cm to pr.'.ent any ot their I'avountes
With one of thele Bird?.

The Irhabitant.s of the Thsin:-:.! IJl.inJs, I), lules tlv.ir
Girdle, have another Ornament, w!ir h tonlilU in a Bit of
St'ck, of the .Size of a Tobacco-pi;>e, and ot the Length
of one's Finger, which tliey run through the (jrilile ot
their Nof'.s, which they look upon as a means ot making
them appear fierc- a:vl terrible to tiieir F-ncmies ; in which
they ret'cmble fom- Z:"''orM'»/, who, lor the fmie l<ea',.-n,
are equally fond of MujK-.-bes. Tlie.'i- inanders, our Au-
thor allires U', w-.-re the very worlt People they met with
in the South Seas. As tJ the neighlxjuring Uo.-.tmcr.t of
Ncj: Cuinty, it app-arcd to tlv.m a very high Country,
extr-.m-'ly full ( f I'Lnts an.i Trees, lb that, in failing 400
Leagues aluag the Coa;>, they d.id nut (blirve one barren
Spot 1 whence our .-Xuthcr thnks it extremely probable,
that this Country .a'tx)und.s w;tii many precious Conimo-
dtiies, lui-.h as rich Metals, Spires, {ii-. thenither, beciufe
hitherto nwe cjf theCou;-.tr;es, dileovered in that I'arallrl,
are de:;cient in thefe furts of Rxhes. He aiids, th.it i'er-
fons wortliy of Credit alTured him, that fomc of the free
BlirgefT's ill the M'/iud-a! go annually lo Ncm (Jutnn, m\A
there exchange linill I'l'-ciiot Irc/ii lor Nutme('s SilwUn,
and other Navigators, have comcved viry iugli Iileas of
this Country, and l.ave n jirefenttd it as one ot the ric hell
and findl in the Wc^rld : But they were not able 10 jicne-
frat-. far into it •, ncithr is it to l>e cxpc-dled, that this
Ihoul ! ever Ix; lUiw with a fmall Fouc, fi: ce it is extremely
populous, f!ir People of a very martial Dilpufition, and,
gen'-rally fj'-.iking, well-armed.

The (Jtlircrs ot the Dutch "-'rjuatl.'on were at this time
imdcr foiii Dcubt'-, v.htther th y fliuuld contmui; thwir

iiive

Courfe as Damfitr iS\<\, or wlicther tiny (liould palU;vi
I lands of Ternaie, TiJorf, and HanM, us the li,\\'^,,
tV rou-. Patlage. 'I'o gain lime, however, ih,y p-j^i
Choice ct the tirlU Ixeaufe otlurwiil tluy nual 1,
coalled round tlic illands lall nv utioiud, in order to cdii.c
.it the ,\:elih\.is. Th'.f- three I lands ol •laiuve, iij.,.
and Hatiiiii, arc each of tlicm (;overned by its rdjKc.i.'
Monanli. The l^u.il' hyi ItuL.i lompai.v allow coclio;
tlicfe I'rinccsa kuul ot .ii:nual Tribute, on coiuiuiijn ■

th;y ti;t up
their Doiiur.

V the Routs all the Si ice-trees that 1

1 lie

i;r<jw 1;,

le r.!t of the Kiii[^<, ut tile .li'si, ^i^
tu theNuiiiler of one liuixlrcd, aie ,114 depeiuimt ui, n
thile three giMit Princes. It is l„i.l, that, liom ihl-
M.uuls, the tiir; e Miigi, or wile M( n u\ the Laj't, ct i;u 1
the Strij^tuie Ip .'Iv', went 10 /tnu'i'in', ami ih.nc;- tj
r.ilblilem, u\ re t 1 adoic the Int-int ytj'ui : And tluy h;.
tiier alVute U-, t'uit .ul the httle I'mius ot tl.e .Uf.'i.u;
weie antuntly t.uroi s tor their Skill m .VlUor.oir.y, 1,1
wh.cli .\rt, liuy toiiov.cd piiiiti;.;lly ti.c (in^ii,, s U j
I own by i\k Ivayp.'uuii \ .snd it is l.itther lai.i, t;,at;',i7.
Monuments tome Remiml)r.«.ce, ol thi4 Fadt arc Ihll j,;.;.
llivcd in th.ir old. Buoka ; the Leaves ot which wieii.j^.-
ol Baikbot Frees.

On the l-tall <if tl.e Ik.'y tpiplany, the DuUiU:.^:;
carry a Star, by way ot Cc inphnunt, to tlicle tljak,; ..i^
who, in Return, iii.ike them very v.,li;aii|i Palmis, I..,.l
t.eat tlum vay f,)l(.n.iidly. But as, on the or.e har.il, t.v.i
is a vi ry liiperibiiuus Cudom in its Nature, lo it i> noLii
f.a-.d.ili.us on tin; oiiier, Irom the Manner inwlii, hita
IKrlornv.d, as relcmbling much more a I'agan Kevij, ;.ha.i
a Chiillian bealL 'Fhe Kinj; ot ■Ictn.nr h.is cnibracui tr.,-
Chrillmi Rehgien •, but the other two I'rir.ces a.-e Ihl! IV
gans. Our .\uthor .uld.s, that lonie Miiiity::n Pn.l'.-, w.u
h..d lUidicd at Mecihii, adured him, the.y li.ui fen in the
Libi iry » f t!ia: City a Chronicle, in wliith mention is kxx
of tliC three Ki..gs ot the Ma'tiaaSt and in which it is ci-
pudy laid, liuK' three Kii'gs niai.y Years ago, inoiiti
Voy..ge 1 y tl.e \^ ay ot /iraisa to 'Judia, onacioiint (il ii
extiaoid.i..i:y an^; iniraculou-. Aj.pcaraiKe in the liravtr.;
an ! ilia:, le.ine time attcr, tluy r. turned all tlireelalilyn
tlieir own l)( itiii.ions. The Author lubmits thisStor)'!)
the Reaiier's Iu.lg:nent, to whi. h I alfj rci om.Tirn,! t
toili Aving NL m.jiul relat.ug to the State of the Sp;>.ellk-....,
at the 1 im- t: ey lell into the I lands of the Du:.h.

As to th. Mand ot li.n.'a, the Country is very i.;l}',

and yet fiuiit.il .is Weil as pjpuluU'i. The tie.verr.mit.t a

a kind of a Cumiiioiuvciit.';, in which tlie AtTairs are na-

nag' d by MolummedanCl rgy, who are migiity !trid4.'J

f.v; rv. Tlieie arc not, in the whole llland, aLnjVe ii,-:oa

Souls, ami .U>out .joco tighting Men. 'I he I'eoiilect ti.i

Country hve to a great .\ge. 'I lie D«/i/', wiieii tiity

tufi Ciine, liiM a Man th.it was i jo Years ol.i, ami lavnl

i;b<,ve iv>o Ye.iri ot Age. I'hc Men are always waikir.j

Abraid, and tiie Women at 1 lome at work i for, bciicu

thi- nou;l-.old-v.jrk, tluy employ themfcivcs in lirvngc-

Nutmegs, and Ihelhng them. I'his admirable li-u;t, wiix:!

IS lo much valued, grows 111 no Place in the Wurk', i -'•

v/e know f.!, tut in the M.uhi ot Biinua, and m a I *■

other fmall negiiU)uring lllands, namely, Oranmu '"•■

WiWiijIi, H'lDer, J'li.'o ll^ni; and Pulo Hr.n. Ihh 1"'

bcars tlirce times in the Year, viz. in Jfrd, AitpiU -"•'•

Dtumifr : .Ipnl Nutmegs arc tlic bell ■, and the (.rop u

that Month is more pleniilul than in tiie (;ther twu. L j

Tree- is much likea Piadi-trec, only tlie LcavLsar;-lV:' r;-:

and rounder; the Iruit is at lirll covireel witliat-'i-^

Sliell, like a Walnui-lbell -, when it liiicns, that ."xk:!,

gro.ving npe, opens iifil! •, and then you lee a line lin»ti

skin, or Peel, which c(-vets tlie Nutmeg-, and tliat iivU'S

the Fltjwer ot It, or .Mair -, i.ext to th.it thm Skin yimiiri

aiKidier, wir.-.li is har.lcr ami bl.ickiDi, ..nd n.uch Lkc

Wal; ut flirlls i and, when you oj>eli this large SluM'-'J

fee the Nurm-g, M.i. .- is at tirlt of a tine twiiLt --^'•^-''

but, wlitn It isripe, it tails oil' the Shell, .md alliinH> i-'

Orange colour, ;ls you fee it iiere in Eurcpt. 'Ihcyiff'

fe-rvc whole Nutmegs with Sugar, wliu h tnakes the belt

Swei-tnuats in the Indit}, aiei arc much elleeilied. '■'.«

Inliabnant!, of Ua»da call Nutmegs Pa'.'.ti, and M.ia'i--'-'

Palla: I'here at.': two Suits ot Nutmegs; lc)me a eliing.A^'

ar; called Mal.-s; o.i.eis rou id and laiJilb, wiuciituvri

ti-'

Chap-

Commodore R o g o e vv e i n.

^7'

.^ T.ilK' tlun tlic fornvr, an 1 arc rtilcd Malts. No Fruit
,' ' W(iiUi'il>-tt»'i' to iliriigtlicn til! Bra-n, ami the Mc-
„ '/y :„w,irmtlR'Sto!n.uii,ti) iWecccn the Bicatli, ami pro-
j'l' Urine. It i^a lovcnign Kcnvily againll Wiiul, 1 .oolc-
r |« lle.ul-ath, I'ain lit tiR- . Stomach, Heat ot" the I aver,
■ I'stoi)!'.!'""' '''^' Wiiiiil). t)ili)t Nutmcf^s is an adiiun--
■'l^.'j.y,ilul'i'\KJ.u.iiK', Maii'i' an flk'Ctiial Ucm ily a[jainll
,!u'\Vcakiiils ot the Stomai-Iii it liclps Di^t-llion, ton-
l'^^,,5 i.illiiniHirs ami ilnvos out tlio Wnul : It ktt-ps
iliov.' nine Years :;i>oil. A I'laillir matie witii Mace and
Nutmei;slxMtinu')l'()wlir, dihiteil with Role-water, and
inr'.iiil tvi the Sioiuach, llrcngthciin it mightily. As thii
'rraiou,i Iruii is pituiiJ- tn this Illi- of litDida, and tiic
jiljicent lllaHils, till- iVirn hunts i\VJiiia, Mtilona, China,
n,; from all the I'aits ut tlie Indms, co'iie to AVr.T, and
ulh.r Towns til' BiiiiJa, to buy Nutni.g'; and Mace. As
fj'iastiitie Mer.hams are arrived in the Illand, they buy a
Wile to keu duir IJoulV, and drcis their Victuals, as
l.Ti; a> t'l'Y remain there, whi. h may be two or ihrtc
Monilbi aiiJ, when tlity jjo away into their own Country
ai'iir,, tiVy (Jive the l/berty to their Wife to ^o where
il'ic iiialei. This may appear a very Ikange, and evin
i:KraiilleCiiilo!ii v but wiioever is acquainted with the
id India, will be faiisliid as to the Truth ol' it, iinte
th- la.r.e CulLm prevails in Ibnie other Places.

A^ to the nixt valuable aiitl ailmired Spicc to the Xut-
rcgs, '''2- CluVi'S wc know not what immenle Sums
tilt I'cople ol Holland make of this protitablc iruit, which
ar.' lo muJi eltcemed throughout Europe, ai'd for which
lilt S^Murds and Porluj^tiefe llruggled lb long, aiul to lb
lit:lt I'urixife. This valuable and noble Spicc grows no-
where tile but in the Idand of .Imlioyna, and the Moliiua
l;',ji.ds wl'itii are live m Number, and the Iilamis of

XVaf, O.ncmo, Cahct, and Marigornn. The Indians call
Clu'. ts Cuufar, and the Inlulntan.sof the Moiuci aj i all tliein
Q'.kt. 1 lie Tices which bear Cloves, art iiuicn like our
Lu'J.e' nets i cnly the 1 -eaves ot tin .loves are a little
lurrnwer, uinl rtlenibk the Leave-, ot .Uiiiuna ami \S il-
!ow-trtts. The very Wooil ami Leaves taite as llrong as
iht Cloves tiiemf Ivts, ThelJ Trees btar a great C^u.in-
II y ul Bramhes and Flowers, and ta^li FLwi r brijigs
Jo:th a Clove, The Flowers arc at iirll white, tiicngr^m,
at lift they grow led, and prttty haul, aiui arc prop.riy
l!,tClovc5. While they are green, thiy n.iv.- a .•^iiied lo
fwtet, anJ fo comfortable, tliat it is beyond all t.ie , mells
Li the Work!. When they are dry, they arc of a y> li-.w
Colour 1 but, when gatlieicil, they atfume a .inoixy
black. They don't g.ithcr t!ie:n one by one, as ihey ilo
otli r Fruit •, but they tic a Hope to tlie Hiiuti,h, and fo
ftr.p It cT by For.e. That iiurt> tlie Tree tor the next
Year, but the Year alia" it btari a great deal more.
Otlurs kat the Trees with long I'oles, js we t.o W.diiut-
L't(s i and the Cloves lall tlown, .iml commonly the
Tree bears more Fruit than leaves. T.iey giow witn little
Stalks, lunging on the I'rir like Cherti 's ; tliry itll tiuin
w.i'i th.ft .'^i.ilks, Dirt ami Dull together, to the IiiMam :
But tliC Cli), fs that are tranl()ortcd t Itci^and are ci.an,
ani wKhout Stalks. If y(;u leavf them on the lite wah-
cu inhering thesu, thty giow tiiick, and are called the
Mother olClovts. Ilw 'J-'.vanejt value tlu tc more than
Others i but tlie Dutch chuf ■ ratlu r to uy the KmiI.
_ Ihryntvcr trouble themfelvcs to pkiiu • h-ve tiee-. i lor
thillovcs that (all on the Inound jiroduct eiioug.i ot
then', and tlic lien makes them grow lo tail, that tiiey
bcMr 1-ruit when ility are tight Years old, and tontn.uc
b-ar.ng fur aliovf loo Years. Some are of Opinio::, that
Cluv.-tre.,i do not grow well on the Sea-litie, or wiitn
they arc too l.ir liom the Sea : Jiut many Se.uiim, who
liivelxxn mthc Illand, alTure me, th..t ih.y grow v, ly well
cvcry-whcre, whether a gnat Way oil the Sea, upon
Mountains, in the V.illcys, or near the Sealkle. Thty
np^ntrum tlu latttr l',ml ot -%;</?, to the beginning of
jiwr^j. Nothing growtth about them, no dials, (jiten,
w \ntil 1 tor tluir I Kat liraw.s in all the Nouritlmient and
M iftureot the Cround. Cloves thenilMvts a;r vtiy'hot ;
1' yulayaSaekol Cloves upon a WllU lull ot \V..ter,
yoi: w,li ii;.il, ,„ ^ :mi^. ^^]„i^.^ ,j^„,j. ,j, j1,^. ,^Y,iU.r w ilUv,

rut t:ic Cloves a:t not tiic worfe tor it. Leave a I'lttlier

.uid the Heat of the Air will con! ime all the Wat' r m
two Dayntiine, though the Cloves are removeil. ^Vp/«„
Silk hath the lame Virtue \ for, if you lay it in 4 Room
one or two Feet above the Gr<jund, and water tlv Flour
all over, provided the Water (hjn't touch the SilU, tin;
next Uay the Silk will have lucked in all tlu; Water. 1 hi;
Indians ule that Trick to make the Silk heavier. ')']«'/
lirelerve Cloves in Sugai , and th y are extraordinary gooil ■,
till y alio pickle them i and many Indian Women ciiew
Cloves to have a fwett Hrcatli, They dilhl Clove- WUtri
out ol them when they are green, wliiih has an rxerlleni
Smell •, the Water is admirable to Ilrengtlicn the Sin' ■•
by pouring a Drop or two into the F.yes. I'owtler ul
Cloves, laid upon the I lead, cures the 1 Icad-ach \ if t.il.cii
inwardly, it provokes L'rine, helps Digellion, is (^oovl
•igainll a Loolencfs, and, drank in Milk, will procure Sleep.

/\s to the Inhabitants of the Moluccas, they are very
la/.y, and love fo much their Eafc and Pleafure, chut they
are leldom at Work-, for their Slaves and Servants du all
the Woik : They live upon the great Quantities of Clove*
that g-.ow there ; lor they have no other Trade, und no
Manulacluic. They have no lioufhold Inipleintnts, but
eartlu n I'ots and I'an.s, ami fomc Mats, upon which they
lit ami he. Their Slaves build Houfes of i'imbfr ami
Kullies, with nothing elfe, not fo much as a Nail in thtm :
Their Cloaths are decent, and pretty well maile, of light
Stulis, ami cheap : But the Country is lb hot, that they
have no need of warm Cloaths to defend them from the
Cold. 'The young Men wear upon their 1 lead i'lcccs of
C.dico, maile in Trelles, and woven in the Figure of A
Crown 1 ami, in the Hohdays, they adorn *.nem with
Fiowtrs. The Men pertumc their Cloaths to plcai'e their
Wives, of which they have as many as they pleai'e, anil
are lb jealous of therr, that they invite nobody into their
llouf s, and they never fee them before they are mariicif.
The Women are of a midille Size •, their Flair is tieil up
in lieflls abcjiit their Heads: They arc of a pleafaiu imti
merry Humour; ami, though they are kept very lliiili
they arc veiy brilk, and not at all fcrupulous \ they fpiu
Ci-tton, and we.ive Calicoes. The poorcll Sort fell dry
Fi.h, Fowls, B.tnanas, Sug.irca.ies, 'and other Commo-
liiiiesi in the Market, you leldom fee any other Women
at road. 'The Inhabitants of the Moluccas arc the bclk
Sokiicrs ol all the Iflands -, they fcorn to lly liefore their
Flnemies, ami will fight with great Courage : They thini*
it a great I loiiour to tlie in Fight, and to relitl their line-
niies to the lalt F.xtrcmitv. They have no Mom y i tor all
their Kichis conlill of Cloves, and with whiih they may
purchale all Ncetiiaries. i heir L.uiguage is ilitVeiMit troin
th.it ot the other I>:duins, and they luive the tlinie C hu«
racters fir Writing as the .Irabians. So much at prtltnt
for the J'loihiee and Inhabitants of the Mvliia'as, at tha
'1 ime when they tell under the Z)«.v/j Domini»)ns. Here-
alter we ihail liave Oce.ilion, or rather lie obliged, to
leluiue the Suijtct, and Iptak of the fame things .igain, uit
thty now lland.

2 J. Thev fleered their Courfe .ilong-fhore, and through
an innum. table Cli..in ot f.nall Itlamls, th.it are extenilcil
bttween die Well I'uint of Seiv Guincy, and the lll.md of
ijilolj. 1 hey made this l^aiVige with the utiuoll I I.;/.ird,
ami l.nv, ilureiore, with a Joy mixed with AiUinillimeiu*
tlu i .and ot Boure, in tlu- Latitude of 2' South, the moll;
W.ll ;nC(untry in whith the Dutch Eaft /;;.//.) Compiny
mai. t..in a F'aciory. 'i his liland of Boura is, tor the
nutl p.irtj pi tiy high L.amI, and aboumls every-wlK-re
Willi I r.is ..ml Shru. s of various Kinds, As loon .i-i (he/
ar. .v d 11, 0.1 the Coall, tliey were Ipok.ii with by a fmall
Vtliei,o.i bc.rd ofwlmli were two white .Men, and fi'eial
Nigiwes, w.io I xaniined t.iem vtiy cattgorieaily, to wKoin
thty btlo::ged, tr-nn wiience ihey lanie, and wliiilv r liiey
were going. 'I'o winch ihcy ant'wcred, that they came lioin
theCoali: ol AV» 0'«/«r.', and were bound for Hatuvia \ but
viiy wifely conteakd tlicir belonging to the //(.// hidul
Ct)iiip.iny, becaiile ihey knew, th.it the E.jl India Com*
p.iny permitted no Vcllels, i ut ilvirown, to tail upon that

el Wat-:

r, in

a ciolc K'join where you clean Cloves,

Ci .ill, aiu! had even given Oulerb Itir attatki.ig ^my llraiigi;
Vtilels that Ihoukl ap:>ear iheie : Yer, in Ipitc ot ihde
I'recmitioiis, tht/.w^.'j//.' iomeiimes find ilirir Wa^ thio.,gh
this Ch.iiiel, to till. Coinp.iny's no fmall Uilplotilur' , not-
^ li wiiliUandmy;

•l|;f

iMIIh,

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fill

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2-7 S

Vm' V () Y a Ci v. S of

I^Dok I,

vi.l,ft.i,Kl,r,c tluy keep Shps ainfuiR hrr,- .;, both tW It .scxrrrnuly iWt-ki.. I<uv,.nioy,annctr,or.lin,,rypt,,,

Monlo,ms,,nn,d;rto,;Mnv;..wlutotaHTh.ni-tl,ry>notl j>t C .mic amt l-.lh ...vl wouKl produce., gr.« N^,
,h.y ;,r- n..c lo i\L, tlurJ » .l.r (.r.a,. ll U.at.n m .l,c jy-w I l.c K.n,; \». a v. ry 1 ronp F.,rt .,n wh.ch ,h,

V^^ldokl':^ thl;.^:;:«e¥ n..mt Way.. n.l Mean, ^^'i-^f -'"''''"''rV *' '''■"n",^^"^'^^^"^

to Iharc- w>th them ,n ,l,.s Ira;!, bv nvans ..( tins I'allapc and .mlcnl tlu-rr ., r... N.r.l o. ,.nr 1 he DuubCon.

r,n.c .t .« .rrtoin. that th.V carrud larpc Q..*nt.tu. <•» o.ntrntthcml.lvo, w.th kmi,„j, h. her every Ycorcc,,,

Spu-e, .Mfo l.urcp,, *h,lo the Puuh ,vur on.M divmc PopiKieMo fa- the S,uce-trrc. .IcOroyed ; an.!. ,„ tor,:',

'i'hf lTih!il>it.u-ls of thu lllan'l tolJ t'lrni, tlut thry had
abiMuianc. ol Clove-trai ^rcw m thnr t mintrv, i'lit that a
IVtailiment ot .Soldier^, in the Scr,-n\- ot the (.oini'any,
came every Ve.ir, and firijl>t>;i! them u]\ av thty did in the
rrrt i>i the Meiiii.a lllaiuij, Iv.auK' the fomixmy tliought
/ifHboyn.i prmluccd litrmiu tor nuint.iininf; ih^ir C'<>m-
mera-. I his Illan.l nt Hiun n alx.iit forty or litty
Lctpiifi in C'liviimur.me ; t'v Omntry is intliliVrcntly
Irrtilc, ami tlu' Dui^h wcic tornicily, in a j^reat mcalure,
MalU-rs 'it ir, h.ivinj^ a very lUoh^ 1 ort tlieie* ot whu h,
however, the Inhahiiants altera Km!:; Sk iv , maiiethim-
fclvrj MalKrs and dim..hl)iai :t. alt'.T having? I'lit all the
G.iri 01, to the Sworl Atircliiir, thertl.Mc, the Lom-
pany rontent th< nilcivcs with Uiulini; .in annual Uitaih-
mcMit to root out the Liuvc-trecs lor whuh tlu' Natives
htriv:- fome kind ot I'nlent. 'I'lic two while Mm who
were on boaid the Duttb Bark, w,ie th'- lirll ( hriili.in*

Kii,^ jc.>nliderahl<
(I

.Sum in ready Monty.

I'his NitMtiK
t all othf rs, the moll t.iithtul to the hofi /n./uCnmnir,

having not only alljilnl ihi m in ex|Kllini» the l^rtuni^,
but alio ajjainll thi Inh.ilnf.int* ot thr Mg^udaj, whcrcvfj
they havt attempt! d to take up Arnv. aRamU them ; w
hy till'! mians have lendend fli.it CiJin; iny intirclv Mj!
llrcK ol the Trade i)t this I'art nt the World-, in(.u-f.
deration ol which, the Inli.ilntant'. ot Rou.'oi ciiiny ;-^„.
Privilrj^rts, which .^r de ted to .ill otiier IiJtan Sn . !

As lor liiltance, whinivcr fh-y er.tir any l-nrt b Inrm
to the tomp.iny, in wh.itevcr ( oiintry it l)c, thry arc [<•'.
mitted to k(»p ihcir Ami'-; which is i,nt allowed w •>
the Inhalntaiifs ot tlie ( ountry where I'e I'o,t n Umif ,i
.md who lonlequently ciif^ht to be conlidticil as the .Si,l>
jck'ts ot the I'oiimry.

.Some time a{V', the Kmp of this Iflan 1 Iciu liii cMtdSn
as his An, Ivilf.idor to tlic liDvrnor (icmral of the /)!,;,►

our Voyaj;i:rs li.id fen in the Space ot ten Months; that Kojl Indie' at fitilmta. Hi wasrciiiv.d witli .ilIi^Elt

IS from the time tmy qvMtted the t oall of Hrti/i!, to their Marks ot Diftim'tion, and the C'oiiip;iny pi ]u.>! itl'.if t

Aiiival hire. pi^yi"!' 1^''" ••" J'"''i'''e Hnnoiiis-, yit it woulJ noil.u-

I lannot help oUf rvlng m thi". I'laa-, fh.ir il .my He- Setii ctfy to h.ive tliflinpiiithrd this yning I'tince toh,vt

y.em!e:ue can 1 1 fad, either on what our own Diiovertrs Krn an !mU<»i, if hi h.id not worn ., rurlun (.f thru Ru;

Jay, or on wlut our Author alferrs as to the IViniiK-e of hii;h, ruhly einhroidrred withhold and prtiious Stnr^

A^i' Guinf\, it Items to be an una. ronntahle Niglid in u« Tlu- nil ol his Hrefs w.u intircly Kurofean ; ,intl it »-:^oS.

not lo elb'>li:h a Colony there, fim t wr flnniM then intal-

liblv Iha-e III the .Spue I'raclr, without breaking m iipn

the Duttb , lor, if the fne Biiri^rli'cs ot Amic^in can

trad' tor Nutmci^s vith liie Inhalntants oi Nnv(<uinry,

lirved, that, inHt-iil of a Cntlals, hr wore a Sword, when
no JnMan h.,d t vt r done Ix-torc, i lis Tr.iin was extrr;;,i /
inimtnuK, all of them drclTcd after the liihiiH NLr. t:.
Twelve ot thefc went armed, e.ich with a Cuirafsaml Hau-
ler, having; aifo a naketi .Sword in his Hand, which rtl!
f)n his ShiKiklt-r. Our Author obfervcs, that he Ihoulilrot
!:.ivc taken notice of tliis AmbafTador, or of his rnt.nng
into Palavia, it it h.ui not put him in miml of a very r-

•why nvy not we? 1 he littliiii; a Col'iny there, wouki
give us the lame Kinhts th.it the D u/d have in the Mo-
IkfCiis ; though, I h<i|>e, we Ihoi ki nev.r |'raftife lo
tyrannical aLuUom, as that ot l<irtin(» People to dillroy

the- ijii:^ ot Ciod, in oidi-r t<< cnhanve the I'lice of them, markalile Aii:dent, which hai,iH-iud almut th.it time i r.J
to i-'iriih a particular Company, in a particular N.,tion •, this was a picxlij^ious Mortality amonj^ll Men ."indRift-S
thai, which, there cannot It- a pl.iim r or a more dircd wlm h carried off 500 of the Attenilants ot this \o'j.'j
VioLuion of the Laws ol Nature; wh'ch, whatever li>me Hnnce, and, in theLourle, itdeftroycd nolefs thanno.ooo
fef-inttrert-d N\ nt. rs may prctcrd, can never be julHy I'erfons in one Year's time. This Slortality was occafioiwi
fupcrliiUd by the roliius ol Man, on any rretence whit- by a malii-nant or p( flilrnti.il F-'ever, with which the£r;-
ever. II force conv(ys a Kijilit ol elei'rivint; M.mkind of /i(-.;«j, the Natives ot the Country, the Q';»cyc, t !ir N'egr'/e-,
Clovis. the faine Font, in an hi(',''ier Dt-^ree, might juflily and, m ibort, all the- v.trious Nations whiih inhabit Bxi-
the (Apnving ilum ot lire. An i>r Water. t-fd, were ait.wked. The Author hiififell hid a Touch (*'

'Ihiy continiKii t'.eir Courii- through the neifjhbourinR it, but eliaps-d. '1 his epidemic I )ife-a(c prevailed not or.i
inan.'s, m order to teaeh the Coall of BuIom, in hojv-s eit throuj^h the DM/.'/M'Lnrations, but Ipre.id itlllf alfo over :.•■.:
meeting diert with the Kelielhments, of which they were Kingdom of Hrnf^a!, and through all the Dominiors ot ti'
now in extreme- Necedity. In a fliort time, tluy arrived
in the 1 Iriglu ol 4" South 1 altitude, and lailed for a whole
Day .I'o-it; the CoalK oi that lll.md, « it hout jH.-r< < iving any
Sign o! that .Strci.dit, lor which they lought. At latt tluy
found thty were i^lit iragues palt it, whn h our .Author
attributes to the .Maiafi'-nunt ot the principal Oftiiers, who

(ireat Mogul, whiie it ina.lf incrcelilile Ravages ■, yet .:
was flit in the moll extrerne Degree in the in.md ol Jitp;
where the Iiihahitni'.t^ w.iowint out ot their lloulis.;
perfrit Health, fell down dtaii m the .Streets by Heap*. 1;
WIS ()l>ii r\'rd, th.it this Mala :y rageei in all thc'\\i!krri
C ountries -, an t the Caiife of it was fuppoled to be an ti-

were in hic h ai, Hurry to g.-t to th< Fall Indiei, t;ut they celTivr Drought : For, as tliere had 110 Ran fallen uurir,

very little regarel.d the inexpreliible Mili ries, to which, by
their tnaehe-rous Comiuct, the poor Men were expoleii.
■J'o fonrral this, however, as much as pofliblc, and to put
on an Airot publ.e .Spirit, they prctenelcd to atten,pt k-ar-
inp up lor th.it I'oit, wlu-n thty k-iew the thing to be abli>-
lutilv iinpraiuahle, tonlid-.-riiig the Force witii which the
iM(-nloon bk w. 1 here were iww no turtticr I Jo|k-s ot hnd-
ing :u,y Stieii'.hr, where- tlvy might get Rrircnim nts fhort
ol thr Iflaii.t ol yaza -, tor, w h- re -ever they .ittempted to .in-

th'- Np.K I- ol two Years, it was cunci-ived, that the .'\ir »j
ovcK barged with minet.il Vapours. Hut to rerun f:".
this Di-;r(-(r,t)n t.i thr Thrr.id .)! our Uel.uion : I'h Dur':
Com moil IT-.-, having kit the C eUlU of lieu.'}'!, and la:--
thro' tlic Chanel ()) the- M'j'.uaiis, arrived, .ificr liisCre*!i-J
furti red inexpielMIe Miferies, which earned eirt thegnJtci.
I'art ot t lem, on the C o.ill of the llland of 'Javi, towi'-i
the Ciofe e.t the Moi tfi ol Sfjumher 172J.

24. He anchored !m:nedi,it. ly w,th his twe) .Sliips n t-t

ihor, they very wrll kn ,■. their Ship^ mull have l)ecn con- Ro.ui u\-Jupara, and i.dut-d, aceordiig to Culb m, N'-i

fiU.ite-d, in t onlt-quence- ol M.ixin« inviolably obf<-rved by the City ami the Fort. They quickly hoiflcil cut th'.r

the lafi India Company. All the Men therefore on board .Shalkijv,, ir, „riter to go alheire at Japara ; and, "ii the."

both Ships, but <-fpe-ciilly the fick .md the feebl--, cart a Ian- Amv.d, w-rc lurpii'eel to H:A, that, on .liore, it wi» :-'•

Ruidnng Ix^ok on that lertile Country tliey left behind th-m, lurday, tho'., at quitting their Ships, they eonctived it w

prcfaging in their Minds the mclancrtoly Effe-fts, which Ixr I-n.uy Morning. Th.- tirll .^tcp the ^oivmo^.vw a^

mull n -ecllarily attend a Mcalure (.> ptrniuous. his Officcis t-xjk, was to pay a Villt to the I'crfon who r.-

'I he Situation ol this llland of Buto>, is r<-m»rk»bly adran- fided there vn the P.irt of tlu- Company, in orelcr to ^■

tageous. It lies from the lourtti to the CmhDegrere of .South quaint him with their Keafons of cemnng thither. V.^i

Uttiudc, and u in Lxtcnt nearly equal to ihit of Btmrg. Gentleman happened tob. one Enfign Ki<Jlfr, a very civil

chap.

Commodore R

fii>n

Mijvfd Min i wim inll.inrly .ilTcmbUtl a Council, to
wli.it Mfiliir" wric to tx t.iken upon thu Oiia-

lliry Wfrr all cxtrfmcly moved at tlir Recital given
bTthf C'MniiHKlorc .)t the MiUort\in« thry \\\\ met with •,
and pitiw l"ifl, his Orticen. ami Shipi Comi>ai>its cxcceil-

To fiV ''>'■ Truth, there never wai fecn .» Set of Men
„orf woithy <>t Comp.iHion. There were no more than
' Pcrlbm ill tolerable I le.ilth left, ainnoR whi( li otir Au-
lIvM'W.u one, ami no lef-i than twenty lix W(re tlowri ol
SifkiKfs, by whicli they had loft, in the Courfe of thi ir
Vo/aur, fxclulivr ot thofe who were killed in their feveral
j,i,„jatnKiit» with the Mmnu no fewer than levenry Men.
An loon as ihry had notifuti their Arrival, their next Care
V to prt their lick Men on ftiorei which was iHrfornud
with all the I)ilit;eiice and 'IVndcrneft imaginable, by (ling-
mnc them in their I limmock* into their Shallopv Th' re
wre, however, hmi amonp;ft thcfr poor People in fo viry
lowatomiiti.in, that it wan not thought jiolTlblc to move
them, an! thinforc they wer<r left on board-, the very
Thoiiphtiol whii h, after their Companions werr removed,
killui tlifin. .'inh ii were r.irried aftiorc were loilgal in
in Man ', uiuier Tt titi fct up for that l'urp< ife •, where they
hid evt-ry NcfdVary alforded thrm, that the Country jiru-
diKtiii atnl ycf. afi<r •■>" '''c Care that could Ix- taken, many
uf thrm bill their Bonei in thin Ifland.

Mr. AV'"'" ''"^' "°' '•"' '" '' "'' *" Account of their Arri-
val to th- Commandant of the Coaftj of Java, who inftantly
panCmiticil it to Mr. S',vaar,{rkrcon, who was at that time
Guvtmcr-Cen' ral of the fuiji Incbts. The Anfwerhegavc
was extremely favourable. H • promifed toalTift them with
t'fry thing in hi< I'ower; .niid, if I mift.ike rot, fayn our
Author, he proniiltd to fiipply ii" with I'r.ivilion^ and Men ;
aiiiing, that we h.id nothiiif^ to do but to j;^r t.) Butii-id as
Hwi iA we could. While they waited tor the rierieral's An-
l'«!r, aiui tht- Recovery ot their Sick, tliey palfed their
Time veiy .i;;ree.ibly -, for their Countrymen, having a true
Senl'c of the M'fenes they h.id endured, tlid not fail to ufc
every Means to make them forget them ; wliirli very foon
Ui iLs r.lFci't ; Infomuch that our Author obfcrves,
ihfirSeam-p, in a very few Days were as frolic and ;'ay,
a> It they h.vi made the moft pleatimt and inott fortunate
Vdv.ifie in the Wotld. He adds, that it fhockcd him ex-
trciiir ly to lie thtife, who, but a ti w Pays licfore, were
wtfping, ri|'hi:'(:, praving, at^i making the w.irniift I'ro-
ttlhtiiuol their li-ndiiip; new and repilar Lives, if (lod,
ii Lis i^t'. It .Mercy, would K- plealed to lave them, running
hci'io;^g i'lto the grcitril |- xtravaga'icies. Their whole
Tinn, lays li' , was now l]ient in Swearing, Drinking, and
in iviiri f; wiiol' ITiys aiul Night> in dtbauihcd 1 lijules.
Tlus however, he attri'mtes, in a gri at meallire, to the
hM I'.xamplr ot tliofe, among whom thev lived, all the
1 rlbrtot l'roj,leat Japara lKitig.u proHig.ite and lewil,
M !! IS [lonihle to conceive a I'eople -, inloinuch th.it rlie
firlt Qiicihon many ot them .ilkcd ot Strangers arrived fioni
f "{/Ills wlutiier they have not brous'.ht liime new Oaths
h\» \ and whethir they cannot teach them a more lively
aw' extnivaf^unt Mtthcnl ot Sweaiirg.

Tiif I'own of Jfipm,! s liaied at the Hottom of a Moun-
inn <it a inoi'.crate 1 leight, is ^f a midiiling Si/e, and in-
fiih-tnl ilmlly by ydv.m-je, Clnmf;, and Dutch. When
itwa^in the Hands ol rhe Pcriugurfr, it was much more
coiifulcrable in l.xtent, than it is at pnli-nt. The F.,yi Ind:a
Oimpany, Ix-tuie tin y got PofletTion of Jacatrr., fixed here
the (mnop-il .Mas^a/.ints lor their Merchandize, and it was
thiirdiicl K.idory, on which all the F.ii'tories on the IHand
nl 7lr:•(I^^^■re iiep<ndcnt ; but that Kftabliftimcnt was lunk
lingliiice, the I'aftory Ijeing translern d to Samarnn. The
Fwtol y,ipara is equally fate and comiimdious ; and there
iu Fort, Unit mortly ot Wo^xl, ercfteil on the Top of the
Mour,t.vn, at the Foot of which the Town is dated, that
tommaiids the whole Road. This is called the hninabU
Mow.ain., becaufe, when the PoriMgutfe were Maftcrs of
tn- I'hrr, the Javanffe were conftantly defeated in all the
Atu milts tliey made to get it into their ll.mds.

liu- Kin^i; ot jftipnra, generally fjx:.iking, refr.ies at a
Plare callul Ktiifaura, which lies twcnry-iiine l/nigues up
the Country, where the DuUb have a llrong I'ort, and a
good Garifun -, which fervcs not only to fcxurc their Con-

o r; G I. w E I N. lyp

(inert, but, at the fam<- tiiiir, f„r a (luard to the King.
I lilt I'rinie is a Mih.immfiUm, and, according to the I'rac-
1 1 (• ot mort I'.iltfrn Monait lis, is conlhntly li-rv.-d by Wo-
ni( n, of whom lie takes as many ,is he plead s, either u
VV ives, or Con«.ubinrs. Sonipot lin Priclh are obliycd to
p.) every Vcar in I'll^^rimage lo Mnrha, in order to make
Vows there for the Safety a. I I'roljierity ot the King .v\i\
Royal Kamily. I lis Subjech are ( xtreniely taithful, and,
to tiie laft degree, devo;it| to his Service. 'I'he principal
IVtIoms in Ins Court arc oblip, d, as often as they h.ivi; an
Aud'cnce, to a|>proach him < reeping on their Knees j but,
in Tune of War, this Oavilh Cufloui is dilui;d. Surh a»
coihinit the flightell Fault .are poinardcd on the Spot with
a little Dagger, . ailed a Krid; and .is this is aliiiofl [|k oi;!y
I'linilliment in I J,, miongll them. In the flighti II « wll a?
the grt.itell I auks are, among thdl' People, capital. The
N.itives of this t ountry ar , for th' mol^ part, of a viry
brown Loniplexion, toleiably well Ihapcd, and have long
black Hair •, which, however, they often cut. Their Nofes
are flat and (jroad, .iii.l tiieir Teeth cxcelTively b id, which
is owing to their Betel and Faufel, which they arc tlicwir.g
lontinually.

The Faufcl IS a kind of Nut, not much unlike, yd fome-
tliing fmaller than the Nutmeg, without Taftc, and yicki-
wj,, when chewed, a red kind of Juice. It is this very
jtiice that the In Hans make ufe of in painting the Chintz,
which wcidmire Hi much in Europe. Thcl'rce, that bears
this Nut, is very tlrair, and retembles, in its Leaves, the
Cocoa-trer. 'I'he Hitel is a i'l mt, which produces long
ruik Leaves, which, in their Shape, nf^'mblt; thofe of the
Citron ; in Talte, thry are ot an agreeable Bittur. The
Fruit it bears grows in thv Shape <;f a F.izard's I'.'.il, about
two Fingers Breadth, king, ol an aromatic Flavour, and,
in Its Smell, extri.inely grarelul Tl-.o l>i.l:.i>is einy with
them continually the 'l.J-.ivis (,t Bet. 1 1 an.!, ;-.t all Villts,
they are preltntrd in CiTcmony. They are .:lm>iil perpe-
tually chewii.g them ; and, as the Talte of them is very
bitter, they, tor the moll part, qualify them with .Aiaca,
Faufel, or the I'owder of caliiued OyHer-nulIs. Thus pre-
pared, they h.ive a very agreeable Tallc. Afr.r they have
chewed all the Juice out ot them, they fpit forth the dry, hard
Mafs. I'lierc are fome again, who mix their Bttel-le.iViS
with Lime, Amber, and Caniamom feeds i others ag.iin
with Cbina Tobacco. Abundance ol Europeans arc got
into the Way rjf ( hewing it to fuch a degree, that they i aii-
not leave it oft', tho' it has Ixen Vi ry fatal to fome of tluni,
fince the Indians an- fo very Ikilfuliii preparing B.tel, th it it
ftiall do a M.iii's Bullnels as eReCtually as a I'iflol or a Dag-
ger. The jirevailing Diverlion among thtfe I'eople is w!ut
tilt y call thi ir 'iMakes, which are , in \-.d, a kiiui of
Comediis The Women, who art in tlicfc U,n of Shews,
are very richly drclTul ; but the LntcrMirmcnt confifts
chierty in Singing and F)ancing, accoinpaiiieil by their Mu-
lie, which, afar all, is not very txrr.iordinary, or very
pleatimt, at leall to European F/irs. Thiy have no other
Inlhument than a kind of little Dium?, s^liich they beat
ilextroully enough. As for their Dancing, it is generally
of the ( irotelquc kind, in which, without Doubt, they arc
excellent, throwing their Boilies, with incxpreflible Agility,
into all forts of Poftures, and exprelTing by them the Pal-
iions of th.- Mind lb comically, that it is fiinply imjxjniblc
to avoid laughing. Thcfe InJi.ins pr.irtife alio the War-
dance, in which their King, ami las Grandees, often take a
Share. They likewil'e aniufe thcmlelvis, like the Englijh,
with Coek -lighting •, and lay luch confidcr.tble Sums, that
they are very often beggared.

'i'his Country abounds with all the Ncceflari''s of Life :
Flere are horned Cattle, Hogs, and an .iinazing Quantity
of F'owls. The only Thing th.it is fcarce here is Mutton,
and that ischiefly occafioned by the Richnels of tiu- Pdturc,
where the Sheep burft with Fating : As to wild Creatures,
they have Buffaloes, Stags, Tyger«, and the Rhinoceros,
which Aniinal the Indians hunt chiefly for its Horn, of
w hich they make Drinking vcflcis, that are valued at a very
high Rate, from a Notion that they will not hold Poilbn,
but indantly break as loon as it is poured into them The
}iigh Price of thcfe V'eflels, inftead of proving their Virtue,
fervcs only to lhew,that ihvjnzwie/e are llrongly given to
this infamous Praftice of Poilbning. The Land is every-
where

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mhrtt iWrrnMly ftrtitf, imxliK-inK in nW ah««mU« e 1 'i>-
lici, l.mivr, tmnani.m, Kicc, Canlanuxnv, U)(. Ul Uic
Vr»t. fhry luv. pUtfd Clif.- tlwrc witli unitMiucU,
Inloiiaali 4< ih. y li,)|)f, 4<.«l iH)t without Rc*l.»n. to ritiiler
i( thi- jmrnipal I nmniwtity ol ihr Country . A» lu Hiui-
lrrr», ludi 4^Lii..m»», Ki^is (sV. ilwy Kri.w cvny-wherc v
Hul, .«* ihi-y .irc |Vuii tlir«HigliiHit thr Vcr. anJ tonllaiitly
ulmlrii III K.I** aluiiK tl»c Kiver-li.lo, hne air thr molt
iiTMthul Wrfiki in Che World. SuBircjiiM jKmml m
Java. 1 hfir Vine* hrar dripc 1 fevni tinu» 4 Ymi, l>ut
Ihiy m lit I nly l.ir Rai(in», aiul not tor Wiiir, ixauic
ihi Chitwir r4>' n» th< m ux> hallily. Hk- Scj. jml all thr
kivirs liirnilli tiicm with .111 mtinite Varuty ol the (null
kiiuK ol li(h . I(. (luf, tak. It all tundhtr, one may latriy
•liHini ul Jaiii, lii.it r'uTc u not, umlir the Canopy ol
ll««vfn, an IflaiKl more i;l.ntilul, or more plcalaiit.

Alltr r fulliiMg ilmnLlvcs Ajatnutor about a Month,
Ihcy Ugan to flunk « i (oniinuing tluir Voyage to Baiaiia,
ill urdrr to fcap ih( re the FriMts ot ihc Cjovi rnor-ticni lal »
line I'mmifo: Wh.n all Thing* were r<aily, iky Ipviu
4lK>ut iwii lUy^ in tjking Uavc ot their I ru tuls wlw gave
Jhini ail (i ru ol IVdVifioMS ami much more ol cviry kir.ii
iJian w«i nncflary for fo ihoit a Voyage, At Ul thty
qiilitui, not without a fcnfible Regret, a I'lafc where lluy
hail Km fo kinilly trcatui, when- all tlmr Wants ludbem
fogmrroully nhtved, ami when-, aiur fj many llard-
rtii|>v fii manv Suiltrings ihcy had i[» 111 a tew Wrtk* in
I'rarc .111(1 I'kriy Tlicy ftcrrcd, in tailing trom licnre, a
SVirt C oiirft Inr ilwut ftvenfv Lta^4uc^, ami tlirn, with as
fair t Wind ai they roul ! wiln, entricd tiic Uoad ot Hnia-
via i whcic, a» fui n a they had lalutril the I on, tl>cy an-
thoml ilolf 111 the Ships that wtrc lading lor their Voyage
llomr, kli ving that now all ilitir I'aiiu were over, and
lltll lluniklvd would le l',ttiiily the Ltunpamotwol the
Ship! that wTd. h< im w.iid Uuml v Ixit they luni lound, that
Iht moll (l.iit nog 1 lopf* are 1 otaiways tin- bell gruumled !

if, . As loon .ft the Coniinoiiorr law his ^hlps falely aiKhor-
C«l. He wiiit witk Ins La| tJn to hit bliai iop, intcmuig to
ht gone to ILtavu ; lut ielore they latl rowed well tri<m
tlw .Shlp'i Side, thiy law the Sliallop ot tlw Commandant
vl Hiitaviu rowing towar.'> tium, with ihi Fikal on boarJ,
and l< iti' olhei Mimbcrsof the council. I liilcdcntumen
bnl liicCominDiioregoLuik, whiihiie e.id w.tiiout thdtaU
i l«fltat;iMii and by that u:ik- both iSliailojis wi.rr within hear-
ing or the Ship, the I-ilial ptoclaimcU i\wA tl>e Gover-
nor I irnff«ri Sentence ot Conlilcation. At this tune both
IIk Dtilfb V'ell'els «eie h bl(xktJ up by laige- biiipsot the
HarUiiir, tliat it wij imjx)(iiblc for tliem to cfcapc •, and
not I'ing alter arrive. I feme Hum.'rcdsof Soldier*, who texsk
bolli (Ik. Ships, and their Comjianies, into tlieir Luftoeiy.
'Ihc Coniinexloie, taiii^ht by lo mar.y, and tliolc too fueh
Uneil|>ei'Vel |)if,dUi.s 1' yan to npent cxtrrm;ly that ever
he had projKjfeil returning by the Route ot tne hiji Indtts ;
but It was a littii. of ihe latcil, tlu- thing was now over,
lluic wa* 110 tailing Time luck, the Dilcovery had been
Mfi^'ill'-d, and that Neglect julUy pundhcd by the Sen-
tiicc of tiic /.ii/' /«'/"' C'oinpiny, lioAcver unjuft in ulell.
By »hi» Sintene-, bjtli Ships were- declared g'X»d I'li/.c,
Ihr <io<k1» em bard them confifcatid, aiid to ciit Mattel s
fhoff, ami prevent any Trouble from Kepnfci.tatn,ns or
Mtnioriab, evny thing \sas cxpofcd to pubiit Sale, and
•lill-ifed ol to tin: bdl Bi.ldtr. As tor the Lrcw ot both
.Shipi, thry wire d.vidcd, and put on btiard Icveral .Slups
that wcie imtnisvard-bouiui. But enough on this niclan-
«holy Suhjetl : I.uus now |)roceed to lomethuig more in-
UiU Hvc, and iiior.- intertaining •, that is to lay, the ObUr-
V4li(MH m.ulc by our Autlujr on the State ot Ihingn in the
Lufl l.diti, I'liiinjj; thr liiiie tlut he lUid thuc.

jr., 1 he- C i;y ot Da!arj:a, v.\ the lilind ol 'Ja-jn, lies in the-
I.tlHwlr ot t; South, are! is the Capiul ot all tiic vail Uoim-
Jiions Ixloiif/ing to the Thtnh E,if( India Company. Itletvts
iiiru lot the f-nifioiuim, wheie all the Merchandize and
Riilirs which that great and wealthy Company jajllilJi aic
l,iid up. Il tell into the Hands ol tlw; Duuh in the Ye.u-
l6i«, and was til) tlut Time Known by the Naim- ot 'Jr
lOira . Soon after it came into tJicii rollcH.on, they lu.Lt,
in iIk Neighlwurhooil of the old City, aFon, whidi iluy
tailed lialaxia. by .tliat time it was well tiiiillicd, the Na-
livcs ol the Iflnitl, animated and allillcd by the Ln^hjb,
6

attat'krd if lewral tunes, Uii »iway< wuiiLut Sun.i,, ^j
to tlicir own great I^jfu. I lie lall imu- iluy k.M ,,
l.lock.d up loc liwir ii«»e. till the Duhi wciciycuu^
by a jHjwerlul .S«^tiai lion Ironi /•.ifl-o/y, UHl,-r iIk Coinnwad
o( Aditural Knn. i'lira ic waa that Al'iirs bt^, ^
duingc ihcir \nt\ the Sirgew.w immnhuely rjiu,], '^
the lilatKl. rs oUigfd to retire with th ■ tiinuiH l'rrcip,t^g„,
[^f. DtUih, thus delivered from tluit iMiciniei, li*l tint
to look about them » and, having onlidtrtd tltc cxitlkn
hiiuaiion ot the I ort, aiul the many Advantagn rrlulin
lre)ni It, tluy imtiveliatrly refolveil hi bmlt a lutn not
It, It wa», With this View, tbat they elenwhfteel 'Jtuun^
.inei, u|)on Its Riiin«, ereCled tlut tiuiioiis City, which, (rca
the NanK- ol ilmr lort, the y cailcel Bai,wia. 'IhnCiit
arrived at l'erl< (lion in a very Ihort Spot r ol Tinic, ba
tlie extraordinary Diligmce with whiih it w^i caince! o«,
iifltwithltaiiding tiie many Obllae lei it mi t withonthr Fm
ol the two Kitig'i ot Sialarniut ami li,i/itam \ tlie lunwt
ot whom liefiegrd it in i0;9, ami the Utter in id.ii),

It II iurrouneled by a Raii)|.>art, ot onr-andtwtr.iy Ftn
thiik, covered on the Oiuliele with Stone, and fbniiid
with iwtnty two lUllions. This Rampart is cnvi.wcilbf
a Uitch, al-oit loity list Yardi over, elJKcully wncnti*
TkIci arc high in tlK Spring: The Avenues tu ilw Ion
arc d< tended by hvcral 1 orts, each ot whieh is wcU lw
nilhcd with cxerlKnt Hral* Cannon. Aniontj tiielic FiitJ,
there arc fix, which dcf..rvc to be |)attieulaily nientioir!,
VIZ. Ji^cl, ,inkt, Jaialra, Ryju/k, Aurduych, t»A ly
tbetk. 'ihe Kort ot /iM/iei is Icalcvl on a River cit tlic fux
Name, 1 .Ulward Irotn the Sea, aixi ai the DilUnec c4
alx>tt twelve huiulied Yards fn^m the City : it u kuim.
lircly ol te)uare Stone, anel is always piovultd wiihaihong
Ciarrifon. 1 he I'ori ol /hit is on a River ul tlic fim Nam,
to the \\ cQwarei ut ilie Cuall, and e^illant trom tlie itf
about 500 Vai>!si built like the lurm<r, ul l>]iijr<.'.~'Uj(K
inturly. 1 hi- I'ort ot JuiJird lies alio on a Kivi r >.f ik
fame Name, is cxatUy like tlw other iwo 1 ut , aiW iia
at the IHltanre ot about 500 I'acci runii ilic Ciiy. Tde
Road thither is between two Rows of very fwic Titts
regularly plantrti, with very line Coui)try-hm.lisaiHlGii-
dens on each Suie : 1 he oilier three loiis ,\\\ I tiilt intlx
fame manner, .uid of the lame Materials, ly mg all on tin
I^nd-fide ot tiic Town, arid at a vciy Itnall L).llanc>:lioii
it. By this means the two firll lave to fcture tlic City 01
the Sule of the Sea, aiul the other tour eiefernl its Et-
trances on the I andlielc ^ aixl, at the tune tim , potcft
th'.' I loufcs, I'lantauons, anet (iareieiis, ol the IlImIiuta
Hy tlule Oilpolitions 11 is cafy to e.o::.pre!ieiii', tiui u
l.iumy ciin ever furprifv' this City i becj'jli-, on whi.litTcr
Side they flienild attack it, they would be lure to iiuet wiili
a llrung Reiifbincc. TItcy take, beiidcs, another Precau-
tion, whieh IS, not fuftering any I'erton to gobtyuulthdt
I'urts wiihoiit a i'allp<jit.

The Riv-r, whieh prclervcs its aniient Name ot 7<i lUra,
partes tJiruugh ilie mielll of the 'I'own, and fuias tiltctn
Canals ol amnnig Water, all laced with Iree itoii.-, i«l
a.lorned with Trees that are evergreen, and wlii^h conit-
qieiitly aflbrel a moll charming I'rolpiCt. Over ilieK Ca-
nals there arc tittylix Bridges, bclides tlieif; whith lie with-
out the Town. 1 he Stictts aie ail of them i)trti.edy itrai,
and, generally fjKaking, thirty Feet broati i the lnn.uaie
biuii ol Stone, alta the nunner of tlioli: in IhuMJ,; ami
ari- iixjft ol the ni very hifjh, becaulc the Flacc has not ol
late Year'. btcnexpofW to HurrKancs. Ihe City iji»ui
a l.cagut and an half in Circumference i it is luirwin^
with a vaft Nunik-r of Houfes ; fo that there are, aibl.
t'.n times tlic Number ot lloulcs wiiliout the Ciiy tk
there aie within it ■, and ihcrelore, llrie'tiy Ipcaking, ihej
ought to be regaided ai its Suburbs. 1 his Ciiy ii*s ti«
dates, including tlut ot the Tort, near to which tlurcisi
Harrier, whicli is rej-iilaily ihut nt nine « Clock m die' !■**
ing, and at which ilurt, i> polled, N'iglit and Uay, a fticng
Ciiiaid of Soluii IS. Tlu-n- we-ie Jorinerly fix dates ; tiif
lall, b-'ing called ipuim.in's date, btcauk- biiili by Go-
ve a, lor >/'*'/«;.;», wlio died January ii. i('o.(, \\^^'^^\
walled up fince. Ihrie is a vtiy line I'own-lKUle, i~-
Itjur Chuahes lor die l>le' ot the Kelormed Rtl;;iie:i. '^
IS to fay, the L^uv:a:jii, 1 Iw tu 11 <d lliele sv.is iniik m »■■
Year 1O4U, and is cdled ktuijlktik, i. e. Oo^s C*W'»'

iL, 'I'm

1 f

li^

Chap I.

Commodore R o g g e vv e in.

28 1

The (econd was built in 1 670. In both thefc they preach
m Dutch. The third belongs to tlie I'rutcftanc yarm^w/^ ;

'\na the fo"«*> '° ^^^ Malayans. Jklidts thiic Churches,
Jlnrc are abundance of other Places of VVorlhip for all forts

" ThtT have likewife in this City a Spin^Htrft^ or «n Moiife
oiCorreftion, in which Women, wlu) behave loofcJy, arc
(O'llincd; an Orijlun-houlc, it Magazine of Sca-ftones,

nccoont of thtir Religion, biit for fear of thsir Intrigues,
anil their exciting Troubles and Difturbanccs here, as they
luvrt done in moll Hiaces where they are already eftablilhed.
A* tor the CNnffi, m thtrir Religion is an Abomination,
Ihcy are not lilowod a Pa-'oda in tlic City, but they have
one at a Place about a League ofiF, where they like wile
bupy thoir Dead.

I'-vcry Mian Nation at Bafavfa his ks Chief, or Head,
iiLiny tbr Spices, Wharfs, Cord-n«iiufatturej, and many who takes care of its Interefts ; but he has not the Power
ijhcr iHiblic Buildings. The Garilbn conliils commonly of of deciding any thihg that is at all confulerable j and his
Ivtwjtn : and j|000 Men. Befidcs the great Number of i-unrtion, properly fpeakmg, n-gards only the Allairs of
Forts bctoir fpcikin of, there is the famous Citadel of Ba- their Religion, and any llisl;ht Controverfics that may aiife
;.•; m which is a very fine, regulur Fortification, fuuatcd at among his Couritryiiun. In order to give a clear Idea of
lii; MoutI) of die River, facing the City, and flanked with the Manner: in which ihefc People hve at Batavia, it will

be projxr to fay fumewhat of each of thefc //;«//'«» Nations,
and ot tluir diH'cient Manners of employing themfclvea,
'IIk' yftvamfe addirt tlitmf.lvis chiefly to Agriculture, Filh-

lour Baflions, two of which command the 3ca, and the
the other two the Town. This iCitadel hath two great
Gates, the one called the Cmjkuiy'i Gale, which was built
ii I ft '6, with a Briilgc of Iquarc Stone, rontiUing of four-
iccn Arches, each twentyiix Vards long, and ten Vctt
broid; The other called the IValer-Cate, built in 1630.
.\!! the Keejiers of tiic Magazines have their Ixxlg'uigs in
t',? Citidil, along both Sides of the Curtain, 'i'hetc arc,
Ivfu'.es, two Pollems, one in the Eall Curtain, the other
!H ;he Well, which arc never upenixl, but tor the Service
of tlic Garil'on. It is ui this Citadel that the Govcrnnr-
Gcnrul of the Indja has his Habitation. Hii Palace n
bulk ot Brick, two Storie<! higii, with a moll noble l-'ront,
jftcr the ItJinn manner. Over-againrt this Palace is that
nt the DircCtur-Geniral, who is the nixt Perlbn to the Go-
witwr: The Couiillllois, and other princip.il Ofii^ijs cf
tie Coiiipaiiy, have alio their Apartments tJitro, As have
I'kcwilc the rhyficLui, the Surgeon, and the Apothecary.
i"!ier£ is a litde Church, which w;i» built in 1644, rcinark-
iilv neat and light. Th.re are, befides, in the Citattel,
Ailciuls .iiid Maga/.incs, turnilhtd with Ammunition tor
mar.y Years •, in a Woixl, this Citadel is the general l-ac-
tdiy, whire all the Archives are kept, and wlicrc all the
Aftjir'; ot the Compajiy are tranJidttd.

TL- City of Batdiia is not only inhabited by Dutch,
but alfo by a vail Number of ImiiOHS of different NatK)ns :
Tile former, that is to fay, the Duuh, are all of thcin cither
Iru Bur^^dits, or in the Service of the Company. Therj
iir. hktwix' abundance of Portugutjt, French, and other
twcpiiim, ctlibliihcd here on account of 'irade. 'i'hefe
PiUu^ueft are, for the moll part, Uefccndants of thof>;
who liveJ here formaly, or at O'm ; and who, finding
their Accoents in living undir lb ntild a Government, did
not tliirk fit to remove, whtn the SeaCoalls of the lllai.d
c' Jam were rtduceii under the Dominion of the Knji
/..;.ii Company. They are, at prclent, at leall a t.i,-
RitatLT Part of ilicm, of the Edabhihed, that is to lay, of
t:ie Prcttftont Rtfoinicd Religion. As tor the ludiiin In-
iak..iits, they are 'Jniantfi, or Natives ol tlic Country,
C'nin'c, Malajans, Xtgroes, .-Imbeynefe, /kmtnians, N.-1-
'^('■ot the Idc of Bali, ManfykerSt Matajj'iirs, fimors,
"^'V"' &-'e- There lannot be any thing mure curious, or
a: ¥ Sj.cftaclc more tntciuining, than to fee, in in larg- a
C fy, fufh a .Miiltitude of dilttrcnt Nations living, all of
i'lUVi .u their own Dwellings alter their own ni.inn«r. One
iMviry .Memer.t new Lullonis, llrangc Mainers Va-
[ I'ty of H..Uts, and I\.ces of different Colours, viz. black.
!;iu, brown, ulive-colouied : Kveiy one lives .is he jileaks,
ry one fpeaks his own 'ionguc. Notwithtlanding hich
iiiety ol Cuiluins, fo ujipolitf to one another, one ob-
s an Union very fiirntirinii amona thefe Citizdis, which

I fViT'

1 1':

Union Very lurptifing among thefe Citiz(
i^iurilytlic l-JKa ol Commerce, which is the common
- .ul that actuates tliis great Body of People ; lb that they
|i ' 'e iiniformly anil lurmonioully in every refpec'l, and
"• •.i'ily and li,ippily under the gentle and printent Laws
f'i.ii>li.l,al by t!ie taji India Company. With regard to
}..iv;ty yi (.onf.ieiice, ail the Inludjiunts of this City cii-
f-: % let dim be ot wlut Scitt they will ; only they havj
' 'til 'public bfa-uile i.f their Worlhip. It is not per-
•'V luK, any rnor-- t!un in the United Previuees, t!i.!t
•i Of Ni(,nks llujuld walk the Streets in the Habits of
' reliji ctiv

l':"!K

Oulers i yet all are allo.vtxi to live iherc m
'/> 'xapithe Jifuiisi and thry arc excluded, not 0:1

^ I.' M II

l.J.

mg, and Shijvbuilciing. Thty wear, generally fpcaking,
no other 1 labit than a kind of (hort Petticoat, reaching to
their Kiues, all the rell of rhrir Bodies naked : They have
Ukewiff, atrufs tlirir Shoulder;, a liirt ot Salh, or Scarfj
in which hangs a littl,.- ffiort Sword: On thiir Hca.ls they
wear a little &jniiet : Thtrir Cabins afe remarkaldy neater
than tlioli: of otlKT Indinn Nations, built of fplit Bamboos,
with A large fpseading Roof, which hangs over the Houfe,
and under which they fit and take the Air.

TheCi».w/^lnhabitantsareverynumerous ; it is reckoned,
that, in th.e City and Suburbs, t.hey are at Icaft five thou-
fami. 1 hefe PeopL- feein naturally born for Trade, Ene-
mies t*) Idlcnefs, and who think nothing hard or lal.orious,
the i'eifurmaiice <;f which is attended with a Certainty of
Gain. They can live upon a very little, are bold, enter-
prifing, have a great deal of Addrcfs, and arc indtfatigr.bly
induftrious. Tlv.y ha\'c a Penetration and Subtilty very
»xtr;!oreiin;'.ry, infonnich that they fccm to make gooil
their own Saying, that the Dutch have one Eye, and they
have tv/o ! bi.t, with ail this, they are deceitful to the lalt
Dej^rie, t ike a Pride in impcfing upon thole who deal
witii them, and bcall of that Cunning, of which they
ougli* to be alhsmed. In Hufbandry and Navigation they
very tar llirpafs all other Indian Nations. Moil cf the
Su^jac-niills in Biitttvia belong to them, and the Diftillery
of Arrack is intirely in their Hands. They are the Car-
riers ot /ij'a 1 .iiui the Eaft India Company itfclf frequently
makes ufe of their Wfiels. They keep all the Shops ai.d
nii'll ot'the Inns, in the City •, and are hkewile the Farmers
of the Dunes, Excites, .and Cuftoms. The Cbiiiefe arc,
[irnenilly fpeaking, well-made Men, of an olive Coni-
pl'Xioii, their 1 leads very round, their Eyes linall, and their
Notts Ihort and flat : They do not Cut their i lair, as tliolii
who remain i:» China are obliged to do, fiiice the 'Tartars
I ei anie Mailers ot" their Country. As otten as any come
from Chin.i, they immediately luffer their Hair to grow,
.!S a Token of their I'Vecdom, and curl and drels it to great
Advant.ige -, their Priefts only excepted wlio.l- Heads .ire
.ilways clofe fliaveel. ^

Tliefe People are .ilways barc-hea>kxl, with an l^m-
brclla in their Hands, to keep off the Sun ; they fikewifc
IbfR-r their Naili to {;row to an immoderate Length, which
^\ives them a prexligious Dexterity in Slight-of-hand, a:i
Art of great I'Xtent, and of confiderable Conlcquence, as
it if manaj.d by thefe People. Their Drefs differs pretty
much here from what tliey wear in their own Country :
Their RoK's arc very ample, and their Sleeves, which aie
d' Cotton-cloth, very large ; underneath they have a Pair
of Breecli.'s, whifh reach to their Ancles ; they wc-ar no
Shorfi, but a ki:'.d of httic Slippers, and go without Stock-
in<;s intir-.ly. Their Women alfo wear very long Cotton
Robes, are very brifk and lively, .and withal very im-
pudent, and extr.A'agantly debauched. The Chinefi, in
general, have not the leall Notion of any Dillinclion of
.Meats; on the contrary, they cat, without Ceremony, the
b'icfh of any Animal that comes to band, let it. be Dog,
Car, Kat, or what ir will.

'I'hcy an proJigieiiilly f nil uf '^heW3, and of Entertain-
nients. I'lie beall of their new Year, wiiieli they icle-
'. :.;;e in tl'.e Beginning of M.ird', Lifts commonly for.
. . C a whc'l ; .

itJ

■^

t. ■■.?•(

;:■ H

■■X

i ■-;.

f^.

t ■

u..

.!•■*

f■^

V ^

¥■

■- Jt

f I

S8i

a whole Monti). During this time, they t!6 notliing biit
riiV.rt (1. mCcIvcs pimipally in Doncintj, wliiih they li"
in ano>M\V,iy, aiining round to the .Sound ot B.ilons,
Hutcs, anil 'I'riimpits, wliich makei none ot the molt
nun eal)lc Com c (v They make uff ot the fame Mufic at
their Comrditt, and other theatrical Divcrlionj, of which
thiy are very fond. Yet tlicre is no great Matter in this
Couic'y of theirs, w Inch is in F.ift, a Mixture of I'lay,
0]>er.i, aii'l Pantomine ; tor thty fometimes f|)eak, fomc-
timcii ling, aiu! fometimcs the whole Biifmifs of the Seene
is juTforfticd Iw (..erture only. They have none but VVo-
m( n-i'layers w-ho are In d up to this Trade from their
Infancy , init many cf them aft the Farts of Men, and,
fur that I'lupofi . cuiige their Drefs, and difguile thrm-
flves. \Vhenevcr a Comal y is acted, the City receives
the Sum tif fifty Crowm tor a Licence. They ereft their
Theatres In Hie Street, bcloic the Iloufc of him who is
Qt the F.X|)enee ot the I'iay, which turns intirely on the
I'lxploits of th> ir .ititient Heroes, and the aurterc Lives ot
their old Saints. The Fuiurals of tlic Cbi»e/f arc very
rrm.irlv- iWr, as will a'; very rich, and very pom|Kni?i.
Their ToiTibs arc veiy magniliccnt, and the funeral Pi o-
rellici"; viry (blemn an J grand, at which fometimes no
lefs ihan 5^0 Peribns of both Stxes alTift. The Women,
lip:' :iKh Occafions, arc all tl.id in White. At their lu-
neral*. they iDt only make iifc of mufical Inftrumcnu
lo heigiiten the SIrw, but alio of coloured Umbrellas
and Canopies ; It is under (.lie of tlule Canopies their
Iffincipal Idol is placc.l. whom they call /ci^ye d( Ba-
lavia, of whith we ftiall have Occalion to give a large
Account.

Tlie CbiH'fe here follow the Ueligion of their Country,
and liave, it a Place .ibout a Ixague's Ditlancc from the
City. aPiigffiLt, where they alfcmble for the b'jtercife of their
Relgi)!. I hey are, |)erlups, the greateft Idolaters, and
the moft ridiculous in their Opinions, of all the Indian
P4gms liiice ihey openly profels, that they worfhip and
adore the Devil. This iUks not proceed from their not
knowing, or not believing in, a GckI, but rather from
mitUken Notions in their Belief alxiut him. They fay
that licnl is inlinitely meicitui and good i that he gives
Men all they j^fll Is out of his mere Mercy, hut that he
never does thcin any I liirt •, and that, therefore, tlicre is
no need of worHiipping or praying to him, but to the
IXvil, who ii the Author of all Milchief, and with whom
th / arc willing to live upon giiod Terms, and to omit
filing th.it may iititle rhcm to his gcKxiCiraces. .Such
are thct'undanv ntal Principles of their Religion at Bataxia:
1 1< w tney refine or difgiiifc them at home, falls not under
fnirConfiderjrion here. It is the Devil they endeavour to
rc| l^nt by the Iilol we liavc before-mentioned ; in whole
Ht ■ our the) have frequently great Feafts and Rejoi.ings.
The Chinrft, like the 'JaxaKfje, are extravagantly adiiidtd
m (.iaining, ainl laying of Wagcis ; and this Mumour
drivts thrm fometimes eliK-cially at the Cock-matdus on
the mwYcir's Fcilt, into downright Madnefs : They
will tlien nut only file all their Money, Houfes, and Cj<Mxis,
at i'lay, but will hkewile t^ake t. :r Wives and Chiklien •,
and, after thcle are !ort, their Beards, their Nails, ai.d tlic
Winds; tint is to fay, tivy bind themfelves not to Huvc
their IVank, to cut ilieir Nails, or to go on board ■ t any
."»'hip to irade, till thty have paid what they have lolL rhcy
bcii^me by this mraiis the mo(\ miferable Creatures in the
\yorld ; ai.d, when in th.s Condition, are forced to let
tliemlilvis oiit to liiri, as the .Slaves ot lome other Chinefe.
I'nder fueh Mislortunes, they have but one Reiource,
svhirh is tins ; that fuinc of tlicir Relations, cither here, or
mOmia, will, out of mere I cndernefs and Lompatlion,
pay what thty liavel..rt -, and then they enter into l'<;fid;ioii
as iKtofr. The MnJaynnj that live at }iat<iv.a, employ
tlTiTif Iv.'; ehiefly in I-ilhing ; Their Vcir.k are very neat
and (hrv/y, and tluir .Sails vciy inginiouly made ol Mraw,
Th' y arc a moll wici;ed ami profiigatr People, and one often
hears of their c.inmittin^ Munlers, for very tut'ing (urns.
'IT.; V pr<jl'.;s til ■ MAuimiiiiJaH Reiiyon, but ..re .ibfo-
lorely void ut Moials 1 lo th.it, infi. a I of nukii.t; a "•'tr.iple,
they ,:;.ik- a M. r.t, ot cheat, H;; ot Chrilliar,,. Tii.- Ia(t

nc VOYAGES of

fiookl.

r.iptain or chief tii'-y ha.l, was pi,;i;iiiy w.iipp-.
branded for lu» Fuuds and Villainies ; lui Owods «ci ;

and

ci>:i-

fifcated, and himfelf banifhed to the Ifland of Cn.';,
.S?ncc that time they have been afliamed to chufc »nothr
ChM". The Habin they wear, are cither Silk or Cotton-
rtuff. 'I'hc Men wc«- a Piece of Cotton-cloth about th ;
Heads, with their black Hair tied up in a Knot bclii|. ■
Tlic Negroes who li^c at Batavhi, arc mod of them '\;i
hammediiu. They coti^.; moft of them from tlic Coail.V
Btngal, drefs in the fame tmnncr as the Malayan:, and luc
alio in the fame Qiiarter. Sortie of them work at nuchar, •
Trades, others arc a kind of Pedlars : The moft coi'.fidir'
.ibleofthem trade in Stohe tor building, which they bring
from the neighbouring Iflands.

The /Imhjnfft addift themfelvek chiefly to hiiikling of
Houfei with Bamboos, the Windows of which arc nude
of fplit Cane, very neatly wrought, in different Fgum,
Tliey arc a very bold Imilterous People, and fo turbulent
that they are not fuffered to live in the City, but have thnr
Ciyarter near the Cbintfe Biirying-ground. They havt i
Chief, to whom they pay deep Submillion j and he has j
very magnificent I loiife in tht ir Quarter, and well tur-
nilhed, after their Manner. Their ;\rms arc, for tlicmuft
Pan, large .Subn s, and long Buckler). 1 he Men xcif
a Piece of Cotton-iloth round their Heads, letting tht
two Corners ot it hanfj ilown b« hind, and ai'orn tl.is k: ,d
of Turtvin with abundance of FIdw. rs. The Wtmtn wco;
a fort of Habit dofe to their Kody, wrapping a Citton
Mantle round their Shouklers, which leaves their Aims
naketl. Their 1 loulcs are built of Boards, coverid Wit.ii
Le.ives, are two or three Stories high, and thetirocj.
floors, particularly, divided into Icveral Apartments. The
MarJykerj, or Tepaffts, are Idolaten, compofed of divers
Nations of hdiam, a:id are of different Trailes and Pro-
felTions ; lx:ing fumifhcd with PalTports from the Com-
pany, their Merchants carry on a great Commerce in ill
the neighbouring Iflands. Some ot them are GanJtntr:,
others breed Cattle, and fomc Fowls. The Mengencriliy
drefs after the Dutch Fafhion ■, but the Women go liL:
other Indians. They dwell both in the City and Country.
Their Houfes are much better than thofc of the rcftof tl-iC
Indians, built, generally fpeaking, either of Stone or
Brick, fcvcral Stories high, and very neat.

There are alfo at Batavia fomc of the Matajftri, ft
famous for their little poilbned Arrows, which they bio*
through a Trunk. This Poifon is made of the Juice of »
ceruin Tree which grows in the Ifland of Maeajfar, andii
the Bottgi Iflands \ they dip the Points of their Arrows a
this Juice, and then let them dry \ the Wound they grt
is abfolutely mortal. 1 he Beugii are the Inhabitants ot
three or four Iflands near that of MacaJJar -, and, find
the Conqueft of this lalt Ifland, have fettled thcmlclves a:
Batavia. They are very hardy and very bold lcllo*s Id
which R'.-afon the Company ufc them as Soldiers. ThiJ
Arms are Bows and Arrows, Sabres and Bucklers. The
.Irmemant, and fomc other Jfiatics, that refidc in Bilr.u,
( omc thither purely on the Icore of Trade, and iby ra
longer tlun their Occafions call them. The Natives of t'l.'
Country who are eftabhfhcxi in the NeighbourhcKKJ ut i^j-
tavia, and tor a Traft of about forty l-*agues ak rg a
Mountains of the Country of Bantam, .ve imtnniiJt v
fubjett to the Governor-General. TIk Company f;^-I
Drolfards or Commitlaries amongft them, who adnitriller
Jullice, and take care of tlie public Revenues. Iht
principai Mm amongft them refort at certain times to As-
tin:a, in order to give an .Account how thelcCommilr. >
behave.

27. The City uf Bataxia, and all the Dominium whf.i
the Company i^iflelles in the h<ij} India, are guvcrnc' v
two lujreine Councils, one ftiled the Council of ..
dies, i\\%.\ the other the Couiuil of Juflicr. 1 hey ■■''''^
of them bxed in this City of BatuVta, .is the Ca)
all tlicCountnes under the Duininioii ot the Ci-n;; i^y. 1'
t!ie tirit of theti. Councils lirlong all Matters ot duf^
ment, ami the Direction of public .Aifiiis , andtotlitlj^
ter, the Adm.tnillration of jullic- in all its Branches, l'"
(.i.veinor (icneral alwav. prelides in the hrft incntioi.i ■
Couiieil, wh:ch IS ordinarily compoi'il ot cii'.htffn or
iwii.ty Pertims, who are called Couiil' llors ol tlif /'•• ■
It VI ly larely hapjxns, tlut they are all at A'.f/.r-U f .- '
I'lei, bwcauie they are uliially provided with lumctrwn''

Chap. I.

Commodore R o g o e w e l n.

28 J

ofthcl-evnGovcmnicntc

_ which are in the Company's

liisCoimiiiancmblcs regularly twice a Week,
,„, rt'uiorJinoiily, as often as the Governor-General

r s • riicy ^iclibcratc therein on all Things tiiat concern
riMtirdl of ilu' Company : They likewifc fuperintend
r Govanmem of the Ifle i^ijava, and whatever depends

. ,t • If tlie Affair be of very great Importance, the
'ilnrrobation and Confent of the Dircdtors of the Com-
'u-iv is iikiwilf ncceflary. It is tifo from the Council of
Iwlndin that Orders ilTue, and Inftruaions arc fent, to
other Gowrnmcnts, which are implicitly obeyed. In
this Co .ncii, all Lcrtcrs dircfted to the Governor General,
or to tli^' Yi«dloT, are read, debated, and Anfwers agretci
„n by a Piuraliiy of Voices.

The Council of Jiillirc is coni|x)fed of a T'efidentj
■ who is ullially a Counfcllor ot the Indies > eig' t Cou ifcllois
of Jurticc, a l-ilc.ll, or Attorney-Cieneral, tor Affairs of
Govcrnnunt, anotbtr I'ifcal lor maritime Bufinefs, and a
Secretary. The i'reiiilont is. by his Office, Keeper of the
GreJt Seal. All the Counfellors of this College are
|X)dors of the Civil Law. The firft Attorney-General
}i,is a ^'otc as well as the other Counfellors, and h.is the
third ot ail lines under an hundred Florins, and a fixth
Part of the Fines that are above that Sum. The Duty of
his OiBce conlilb in taking care, that the Laws are ftriftly
ohfrved, and in preferring Informations againll fuch as
prclume to break through them. The otiier Attorney-
Gfiierai, or I'ilial of the Sea, takes the like Care with
regard to I'rauiK committed in Commerce, Afts of Piracy,
or whatever ha* a Tendency to difturb the fettled Rules in
niariiime AfF.iirs. There are, befides thcfe two fovereign
Boiil.s the Council or Tribunal of the City of Batavia,
compofed of nine Aldermen, including the Prefident,
who is always a Counfellor of the Imiiej, and a Vice-Pre-
fidfnt: The Bailiff of the City, and the Commiffary of the
Country atljaccnt, have likewife Scats in that Affembly,
i-d, with a Secretary, make up the Board.

The Governor-General is the Head of the Empire
which the Company has eft.ibiifhed in the Eaji Indies *, he
i!, in ¥a&, the Stadtholder, Captain-General, and Ad-
miral. I Ic is, by his Office, Prefident of the Council of
the Indies, in which he has two Votes. He has the Key
of all the Magazines, and dirc^s every thing relating to
them, without being accountable to any body. He com-
mnds by his own proper Authority, and every body is
bound to obey him -, fo that one might fafcly fay, his Au-
thority equalled, and even furpaflcd, that of fcveral of the
Kings ot E«r»[e, if he was not accountable for his Con-
duct to, and liable to be removed by, the Direftors of the
Company at borne. In cale, however, of Treafon, or
My other enormous Crime, the Council of Juftice have a
R:ght to fcizc his Perfon, and to call him to sn Account,
The Manner of his Election is as follow : As foon as a
[ GovemorGtneral is dead, or refigns his Charge, the
Council ol the Indus afTcmble, and chufe another, by a
I'luralitv of Voices. As iaon as this is done, they write
wthcDiredors of the Comp.iny .it hoiiir, dcfiring them
to confirm and approve of their Cli nci- : They write like -
wife, lor the Umc I'urpole, to t .c Scites General, their
High Mightineirrs havinj^ referval to tlamfelves this
Power of confirming or ''xcliKii.ig a Governor-Cieneral in
I'lcir Charter. It is ufu* , however, for the istates, and
tiTthe Directors, toappruve of the GovcTnor-Gcntral that
chofrn, and to fend liim his Letters Patent, con. lii 11 1 ible
:■ the Ucllrc.m that refjxft, of the Council of x.\k Indies.
Yet lomc Inlhnces there have been, of the Diredors
•'icfiiig the Governor thus elected, .ind fending un-
(i;lifr,

The Company allow their Governor 800 Rixdollars a
Month, and -,00 more lur his Table; and p.iy lvCul<s
the' .Salaries of lucli as coniiK)fe his I Joulhokl. b-.t thele
.AplXiiiitments make but a very I'iliII Part ol iiis Kevii n ,
thclti^al l:.tnoluments of his Oil it. .). ing fo great, that, in
t.Sf Space ol two or three Years, he i.s .; ! , witliout op-
jTrlTing th-- iVopI' , or l)urdei,Mi(^ hisCoiiLience, to r.-ife
n immcnlc loriime. As he is HeuJ, ami, in a inaiincT,
V^vmign, ot the Countries lx:lon;.vng to the Conip.my, it
ij- been Icund rccjuilite, in Compliance with the Mode of

tiie Eaflcrn Countries, to allow him a Court, and tnoft of
tliofc Honours which are paid to Crown'd Heads. Whe 1-
ever he ftirs out of his Palace, in order to go to his
Country-feat, he is preceded by the Muftcr of his Houf-
hold, at the Head of fix Genuenien on Horfeback, with
a Trumpet \ two Halbarilicrs on Horfeback go immedi-
ately before his Coach ; on the Right, he has his Mailer of
the Horfe, at the Head of fi^ llalbaidiers, on Horfeback }
then follow the other Coaches, which carry his Friends
and Retinue •, and the Whole isclofed by a Troop of Horfe,
coiifirting of forty-eight Men, commanded by a Captain,
and three Ciuarter-maftcrs, and preceded by a Trumpet
richly clothed.

If this OfTice be extremely confiderable by its Revenues,
its Power, and the Honours annexed thereto, it is likewife
extremely fatiguing. The Governor-General is employed,
from Morning till Night, in giving Audience to fuch as
havfc Bufinefs with him, in reading of Letters, and in giv-
ing Orders for the Company's Service •, fo tha{ he fpares
but one Half-hour for Dinner -, and, even at Table, dif-
patches fuch Affairs as are extremely prcfTing. He alfo
receives all the Indian Princes, and their Embslfladon, who
come to Batazia, and of whom there are many that arrive
every Year.

After the Governor, the Dirc^l ;r-Gencral has the greatefl;
Authority, and is the fccond Perfon in the Council of the
Indies. This Employment demands likewife a great deal
of Care and Attention ; he who is invefted with it, has
the Buying and Selling all the Commodities that enter into,
or go out of, the Company's Magazines : He it is, who
orders what Sorts, and what Quantity of each Sorts of Goods
fliall be fent to Holland, or elfewhere \ he has the Key of
all the Magazines ; and every Officer in the Cornpany's
Service makes a daily Report to him of the Sute of^every
thing under his Charge. In a Word, he has the fupreme
Direction of whatever relates to the Company's Commerce,
as well at Batavia as at other Places \ and the Members of
all the Faftorics belonging to the Company are accountable
to him for their Conduifl in their refpedtive Stations.

The third Perfon in the Government is the Major-Gcneral,
who, under the Governor, has the Command of all the
Forces. TheNumberof regular Troops in the Service of the
Eaft India Company throughout the Indies may be about
1 2000, cxclufive of the Militia, who arc alfo very well
difciplined, conflantly arrayed in Time of Danger, and who
arc about 100,000 Men. In fine, the military Strength of the
Company by Land and Sea, Officers, Soldiers, and Seamen,
included, may be about 25,000 Men. For the Support of
its Commerce, the Company keeps in conflant Pay 1 80
Ships, from thirty to fixty Pieces of Cannon ; and, in cafti
of Extremity, are able, at any time, to fit out forty of a
larger Size.

Some Months before the Arrival of our Author at Ba-
tavia, a very extraordinary A flair happened there -, that is
to fay, a Plot was dilcovered, and exemplary Juftice done
on the Traitois. This Affair deferves to be the more
taken notice of, becaufe it has been fince found no more
than a Branch of a great and general Confpiracy, for the
intire Siibveifion of the Dutd) Government, which was
with Diliiculty prevented, Ibmc Years ago, by the general
Maifacre ot all the Chinefe at Batavia. The Faft with
which we are at prelent concerned, happened in the fol-
lowing Manner : 1 tiere was one Peter Erberfeld, who had
framed a Defign, in Conjuncftion with a great many Jo'
vanefii and other Indian Chiefs, to furprife the Citadel and
Forts of Bitiavitt, to mallacre the Governor, and all the
Couiilellors, together with fuch as were in the Service of
the Comp.iny, and, finally, all the Chriftians in the Ifie of
J.na, in order tor ever to extirpate the Colony, and put
an ImkI to tlu' Power of the kaft India Company in thcfe
Parts, iiiis ctiteffable Oelign was difcovereil on the ^ery
I'.vc of its Kxeeution \ Peter Erberfeld, and the chief of his
Accomplices, made Prilon.rs, put to the Torture, and,
on their own Conf^.'ion, received Sentence, as appears
from tlic following R.cord of tlitir Convirtion, which is
ilrawn up in tiie cLatclt .uid molt fignificant Terms.

Sendnct

11
11*

|t7

! 1 '*i
t

I ■

iP'fl

111

z84

7hc V O Y A Ci L S oj

Book I.

if'i

' is

Stntend ngawjl Fct<-r lirbcr clJ, an.! hit /tcccmplke.f, pro-
aomced a: )ixiivu, April Sth, 1722.

♦ ForaCmich as Peter Erberfdd, Buri^'cfj, lx)rn at Bata-

• t?M, Ota white Father, ami black. Mo her, of thi- Age of
' fifty-right or fiftv-niiie ; Catadia, othrrwilc lallc.l Kdui^^
' Jm/M de Ciirtitj.iuia \ Miija I'raja de (Mu, Sirgrant of
' itnantfe ; Sana Stita Calia If'niif^fu df Ra.iong •, .iml the
' Perlon callai .in^a Ijltm JeBagaH, Ixjtli 'Javonefi \ Uytch
' de Sumhcxtn, a Mttlinan, hrntotori- aSiivc 111 ilic Chtnd'e

• HoljsitJ, aiKl I'omc time fmcc maiic tri-o-, y.j/i Kiko;
' Caruinaje dt IWakn^aa ; Jnga Sarana de /jV/c.'.;' ; Qmia
' Sinui iU Cbir'c'i \ .^i"-a ha \ M:san^ie de Henf,al -, Sa-

• rapaca d^ ftdernuijo; Majat Di(tj:i de Hanjermcas \ H'ain.
' bi',1 Dita de PamciMig PaHdJani; ; if'ieia .V«/< de Hanjer-
« moas ; Canut II •tMiia Baipa Mulut de Snraja ; ;ind Hinga

* P atria (Chut ) oi^:kias'; togrthir with tiic 'kN ivis of the
» lixiLinth, nineteenth, anil tlurticTih Criminals all I'lifm-

♦ crs at prcCciit, art! in Ijtl- Ciillody v have rtmttirnl anil
' atknowktigeii bctoiL- tlu- Court of Jiillice tlh'lilhe ! ;it
» H^iUrjia, that tluy have bcm cneai^ xl in, ami, throw-

* iiUT-atidc all Fc.if ot (ioil, and ot juliiiT, law nunag<il
' .1 molt fxixrabli- (.onlpiracy agaii'.ll the City, Cita<lci,
' .iaI Colonv oi F.'iavia, tcnihtiu; toiliiuU an i ^'iit aii Em!,

• tiy tiic Aflitlincc (^ tcrtam AUb.iinwf.ivt rmues, ajvl
' many of tiic Cliir t» ot the nr ighiwunii'^; IVoplc, liich as

♦ yavaitrfr, Baiejaa.\ ami Muayarj, anil otlurs, to the
' i'olVc Uon .inii CtOYcrnii ent ot t' .; EeH India Com}UJiy :
' \Vi- J re the more ..ibonillieii at this jKirnblc Conti ivmcc,
' Lxr.ttil' tins Comjwny has iivvrr ccali.il ti) govt-r.i with all
' pvilT;! Ic MiWiicl'sand Teniici nc Is, iinilc. the Aiitpicrs oi'
' tiu*ii iligli M !j;lninf lies the ."^tat.stKiKr.il ot t!ie I'mttil
" frovini'-i, all lik'Peo'fle tindrr their CHxdirnce, A/*-
' iarwudws i% well as Pecans, wiih'Uit Dil'.inctionot Re-
» U4;it)n , a.rd piotetftud them ai?aiii!) ail and ivery one, who

* liKj;^ht.ro rrfuihic or iiiolcll tiuin ; lij tliat tlu, iva« rhi-

* ij;rt ttctt: Ki .ii«i to iub:vc, that tlii- !• Uabhtlmwnt of flic
' tnii iKdta Lvvnynny il AdW./.7 ihoiild lall long, and not
' tlu- 1 alt Real.jn to apprehend any tiling troni rholl-, who
' wTTf tnioying the S'Tccts of Piacc and I'r.uiqiiiiiicv tindc r
' us Wrv;;. Ncvfrthtlti'j tlic atorcljid C rimiuls \uvf
' arknowialg'il, thit, in order to carry th.ir tltt.ttabli'
' N.lumr into Kxctiiii(»i witii a.< mmii SiktcI's as ihcy
' eiHiid drfifv-, th.y had a};r:ed ispor. the f<illu\vir.|i; Mc-
' d»udji tli.u !^ to fay, iitil, and above all thinj;.?, to mal-
' (;;tre t'le Duub, and otinr /-.urf^ftms, ai, ' coiif.qucntly

• ail Chr:IU4n>, \vitl»o..t fjariiu; !o much as mie, m ho(x-&
' t.'iat, U! on tins B'ow bc;nv; itukk, ad the Nati;-ii'i in the
' lldt Country, m the laand of 'jav^:, and all l-oreign- rs
' reiidiii^at I><i,-aiia,<n livings ;n the Ntit;hiKHirhcx>d, liith
' as Cbine/e, NcRrocs Mai.-!ffar.\ \c. would i:nm-.-t'iatt!y
' l-.ivc -oin-.-ti t!u- Kdi Is. or at !< .ft have mijjlorcd their
' C'kmem.y ; unl. in call- any lud oppofcd thrm, th<y
' Win* likc-wili- to ihuc beei^ nv.irdired witlKiut Miriv.

' l)ufin}5 the lird Attack of tiic Conlp rat-ir*, Pit^r
' Lrbfi-fi'd wa» to h.»ve commanded, and given Orders in
' l."***;!!)- ot Chicl ; and th • other, nanifd Catadia, as his

* Lnute .lilt, iif I'v rfon next to him in 1 ower i and, v\ order

* to .itquu'' the py.-atcr .\i«hunty aiv.l K< ipecl, the form-r
' wa>s ii-.imtiiiai.iy to luve ad'umcd th- J itlc i.f ibo'j.ang-

• On,!;, »h:ih IS as much as to lay, great i.<jrd, orfuprcme
' Cjovtii.or i and till- iatter tlic .Name of Kadinfr, whua im-

* plies as inucH as I'nnte. 1 his d.inKeroiis Coifpiracy was
' rrncertrd in the 1 1 oufe cjf £/v^f »/..,/, litiiated witlioiit the

• City, at <jne C<j;ner ol tlu: Roi.i wiUch !c.uls to Jc(4!ra,
» w!i; It one turns ntt' to gi, to the /'cr/j^^w/ir Ci.uivh ■, mA

• ihtir Air,ml)lks of.ially h, id i 1 a Rcxim \;n t.'ie (.mund-
' liocir. 'J he Confpiratois hiccwife met otttn at aCountry-

• houlc c! iiis, liiuated on the Sunder, Iroin wheiin- thry

* larried on a Cornf^twiJci.c- with levcral M-laumedaii
' I'wxe-i, aiiJ many Clutfi 01 the Inaian Nations w.'-.om
' they liad inmA Ways and .Means lo draw over to tiieir

• Farty. 'I he Letters upon iliiv .Sub;-a were written hy
' th- k-eoud, ilurd, lourth, and filtii, of tlufe Cr.miiuls •,

♦ who alio read thofc tl:ey rcciivixi m Anfwcr, bicauk the
' fird nK nticned i'eier l:rberjdd wa not alile either to write

• orr.M<ltheIjjij;i;ai;;es they mad.uf- ol : And it wa^likc-
v,;f- t!ie lame Cniiiinal-, tiiat were eliar[.'.d with tliv: Cate

ot dcjn-ciint; th<jk' J.atcrs, or caulinji them to U- ddi- ' i"jk:\ .

' viTcd, to thofe to whotr tlu y were addreired, cml n-
' ceiving tlu'ir /vnlwtrs.

♦ Hie Acculcil have likewile acknowledged, tluf,,,
' of them difperud themlelvcs throi:i:?h diffcrrn Q,,,,.",
' (>t the tiat C'cnintry, in order there' to kli „r ih^nf •
' amongll tiie Inh il)itaiitsa kind of Dicnutsorlittle.Sti -
' mirktd with certain Chara<^trn, whiih were to 't
' thole, sv;;o i .irrie.! them about tliem, troin Muliir.cti};,,-

• or Wounds Irom Swords or fithcr WeaiKiiis-, mai . !
' the faid Stamps were fabricated liy the licond t"
' toiinli, and lit th, of tiuMaid l'rife.,iers. The Cw, i,.
' tors lud agicvd, that the tiril Attack Ihoiild Ix; ni.i!v,'
' the Uoule ot the tiovcrnor-(ieneral, and on ilic X-

* dcncts ot the Couniil, and other IVI.it'illrates, intl,?i
' tadel, and in the City, lo as to iivillacre all the i;;;,;,;
' Pci tins of the t iovernmcnt » whu h, had it Uea cti;>-
' would eertaiiily have contributed veiy mutli 1 > tii^ >

♦ eels of their l-iiterpn/x. I he lirll, kvi.iul, .ind ih; .,
' the Crimtna! . were to hav>" had the Coniiii;u),i a ;;,

• .Attack of til • Cit.idel ■. and the timrtli, fiidi, anil liv
' tiiat lit the 1 ,mn. I'lie Alt uk w.'s to Iv nude on W-'
' year's day, .... loon as e\rr the (iatt-, were i jk;i, j;,. ..
' Kend.fvcui ul the Lonipiraton wai lixed tor the [we,;.
' iiij;, thit fl'.ould have pieccded the Attack, atanlioi
' of tile piiiuiiial Conlpirator t.rberfeid, litiute, as is >.
' Inre-inrntioned, in the Uoad to Jacaira, in ordir;ot;h ri
' to confer tog.'ilier, ac.d to Hide away t-om thenct, to
' into the {.ita iel, and Ionic into the Town.

' To prevei.t all .Nlilinteliigenrc amoni; thesni'.lvi i, ^
' that the .-Mfair mij;ht bccondotcd with thepreatiftU.- ,r
' l>ol]ible, they aprcf d betorehand on t'li.s Keirulirion ; -.-

* that Peer t.rbtrfiid, us Icxin as the Malla re w.iw,-,
' Ihould alilimt the Title ot (tulii, or kintt, ;;s weilin;
' Cite, as in the tJtdciel ; .ird that the lecorii! CrimiiaiO.
' tadiu Ihould !uve the Titl.' of Reding, or Fn:;ct, a • ,
' low Cou: cry witliout tlic City, quite to the M< .■•.. .
' .As to tile red, they were to !wve the Title of t'ar.r.v,^
' or Friiices, and were to be ctlablilhcd Man/ri/s, ortbi: ,
' and Count, ikifs to the- K11.R : They were alio to rt«t:;,
' in their ll'veral Uiilriccs, die Function of Tumir-n;
' tint is, Gc-ner.ds, in Coniunction with .s,>j^-j l'a:r::.v\
' liacl bceti actuihy fttal)li:h«l, by the Co(ii|Mi!y's .iu i-
' r.'.y, Chi. t of Sikias. The Confpirators had m<if?')i.r
' agn-.d, ti.it, aiiiT the lxcfur>m of their Deli^"*, ih-

• Chitt J'rter isberftid w.is to t.ik'.- into hK,^nK:e jfo-
' k;4-' or Hoatci of twelve yount; M^n, eaih of fl\'.\j'(:
' twer.ty, or iheteahours, to W diawn nx ot the l-'aii>;: -
' of flu- [Tmi ipal Conlpiiatnr^ •, which tw.Ive PeifjrsM-;
' to have Ixen f< iit tft i :ie Princes and Chiefs o! tin- V. .«
' uiea'dHJ, in on', r to have (cttlcd the Duties and I i:ll«i

they were, lt.tth- tir.iin-, to pay at Pa:o'jta\ allwhicW
jK-ars cl. arly from the intircrptrd Letters wwhicHii;
Coiitcdion and UeiH.litiiin ot the five pnr.ciiul Li;::;-
nals .ire agnvabic m es-ery rel'pe^.
' C oiilormaiile to this ileteltable I'hn, rh-r Corif;)irato:t
ha. I taken lut'irient Pretaurion torlui'rip;r to thcniirivi
the Means neielCiry t 1 allill and iupjiort t'leni .if::rt:.:
Malla/re was 1 et;un, by a BiKly of 17, ceo .\!m,i!r:«i
troin levera! I'l.iie. in ihr NeighboiirhiKjd of .V..v-,
and, lor the .molt parr, named by the Pnlonm. .V ur.;-
irgto their Scheme, this Botly was to h.ive b«n lViJ'
into feverai I)--tac!imr!-,ts, all ol whiih w.-re tf> kivi tfn
ready to march at a cert.iin Time. The .Sigml I"":
given, each ot t'lefe Denichments w.is t.> h.ive piit iti-ii
111 .Motion, an<!, by t!ie high Roads, as v.-el! ;is hypivif
Ways, to h.tve advanred, and taken I'olitirio.i iil :iii : -'
Gates, to hinder lo iiiiKh .w a lin;',Ie Perfm's tlhp.::;,
that the News of this bhxKly AiJtioii mi'^lit Ik die U"^-^
Ivtorc it re.xhed //'Hand. With this View, .\n'. !"r t
Icitir Ixeciition ol their l^oject, the Conlpirjt r- '-''
alreaity t\ured, by the nillrilMition otthcDim.r/' ht ' •
m.-ntiontd, i.h") .Men. A%rJ PrifJ: had iiidertikr,". :>
fend .us many \ aid loixi ha< I Orders to delcend f onn';^
Mi.u.itiinsof t!ie S'liiih, and to join thole, whov.f-.-' '
in tiic N;ighU).ii!i<»<)d, in onW ro t!ie JVrjietraUO i ■ :
this humble Delign, on Jeiiiutny j. 1721.
' Tile whole Scheme \v.is inti-ely f-ttl'd three P.'iy'''
fore the intendcil NLiflatre, Piirr lyherfi'd liivifg'

thvv

'-\-v. hv. Or.ie:. :'.;.' l!'..-

»!

chap. I.

Commodore R o g g u \v e i m.

iS?

. of it in the foliowinn; Manu-r -, z-iz. 800 Met, wrrc to • cul College, ami a Captain of Morfc. In fi/itc 6f all ttiefe
' |im'ix)ilcd thcmfclvcs at Crolot on the Mill Ri'.rr, h- ' Circunillaiuis, whicli oii;.'j.t moft certainlv to have re-
)il the aJvancc-d (ni.ii\i ot the Fort liy/.ryk ; 2000 ' llrainci! hiin witl-in the Bounds of his Duty towards his

' hive joififd thvmfiivcs from tjjc different Rctrc-ats in •
' wliich they were concealcil, in Plaits adjacent to tata- '
' ■:ia, that, by tlic Jiinrtion of fo great a Fonc, they '
' iiiinht have cxci utcd their Schemes in their full I'.xtent,
' and maintained thcmfelvts in Poirellion. In cafe tiicy '
' liad fucccaied in their Delign, they were to have het n, '
' as their own Ixttrrs fufficicntly fhcw, fupportcd and fuf- '
' tallied by another Body of upwards of 10,000 BaUyans, '
' whom they had engagetl to pfs the Mountains on the '

• .Siiic diCadiri, by Malurin on the Soutli Side, and by '
' Campsn^l>irt<, in order to have taken Poll on tlic Moun-

' tain oiGurU. In cafe it fhould have fo h ip-xned, that
' the hih,ibltants of Campoigbaru had refuiid to fubinit,
' the Bil^Ms iuJ Orders to put them all to the Sword,
' and to march immediately towards the City, to have com-
' pitted the Malfacre of all fuch as fhould have oppofd
' them, and totally to have exterminated the Chnliians,
' that the Company might not only have been deprivtil of
' their Dominions for the prtfcnr, but prevented from ever
' recovering them, or carrying on the fmalleft Commerce
' in thefe I'arts.
' Pitir ErkrftlJ had been folicited, for two Years to-

• gethcr, to enter into this wicked Defign, by the fccond
' Criminal QiiaJiitf who had fpcnt fix Years in framing it;
' during which time he had been continually travelling up-

• and-down the Country, and fixing fecttt Correfpntlenciis

• for the bringing about his Purpofe •, and, if he did not
' carry things fwn into Fjtccution, it was for no othfr Rea-
' fon, but bccaufe Ik- had a mind to fee what Turn the War
' ofjiva would take, that he might make an Advantage

• ot it. The Prifoner Alaja Praja was of very great Ufe
' to the Rebck, having had an Opportunity of informing
' hsmfelt very exadly as to the F'orccs of the Company, and
' their Rcfolutions, while he hvcd heretofore as Clerk with
' Mr. Tobn Mantun, who was Major in the Company's
' Service. Tlic I'rifoners fcmboain, Graminck, and Mietas,
' had alfo a prrtect Knowledge of all thefe villainous l)c-
' figns, and contributed all in their Power towards carrying
' on tins Confpiracy, having often affillcd at the Ikliixia-
' tion.s that were held at the 1 loufc of iV/tr Erber/eU, as
' is bciore-mcntioned.

' All the Points of this (."onlj iracy, however abominable
' and amazing, arc but too well iftabhihed as I'acts by the
' l'rc(,!s t!;at havt Ixcn ol;t.iined 1 nay, iiinu of the Chiefs
' were lo auJa(icu"i, as 10 divulge their Defign, Ixrlievii.-;,
' nnduubt, that tlay had taken their Meafures fo ellVcui-
' ally, that it wxs not pjllible tor them to mifs of St;rcels.
' Ot this, it is certain, the Company had t< It the fid !■ xpe-
' rtLte, it, tl'.roiij;h the Mercy ot riie Divine Provuknce,
' ai»,i\s wat.iiful ()V<r the Kkdl, this terrible Conl[)lracy
' had ni ! brtii travci fLii 1 inliinui( h that every Circtinitkince
' was dil.iivcrcd, an-l all the Acconiphies luured, withovit
' the haft Kniotion h.ipj)cnm;); aniongll iheir n'.'meioiis Ad-
' .Vi>r,ts. 1 he l-.iiiirmiiy ot this Defign b.ionies lii much
' ihjikijHT, wiun it b loiillJ-rcii, that tlie Coiil'pirators
' had tixeii 011 a hriJuy for the Kxcciuion ot tluir lledgn,
' wiucii is the .\lohiimmcJ.:-s SiSiihUb, <>n which it is not
' Uiul !ortt'..ni to (hid iu.ni.ui blood ; iiialnuiclias th;y
' u.cht thrn to be tuken up with the Acts of their Reli-
I 'fflw. Iki: they tlum-^lit, no doubt, they tliould be abL-
' luexjiuue this Saenl'.gc, by the futihen;;-!, liich a Nuni-
'I-H.r(,lCl,rilliai.s.

^ ^' "lat tti.uli IS mrft a!"in<iii.nh!e in tills execrable AtKiir
I ■a'siip,!! PiUi- Eikrf,-:.!, vslio is, or .it le.ill Ills always
^ S:vc:i h ml. 'I out to be, aChntlun 1 and yet has ti.rgot
' h.nil.l; tof.. ii a degree, as to put hmilelf at the lieail of
^ ■illo.iy (4 K^hcls and Atfallins, who were to luve cur
^ I'le Ihroaisot his .Sup. 1101 s, ami ot his Hicthreii, .it the
I jnir timr th.:i \w w.,s guilty ot tlw. bl.ickL-il !eiii.ui:ude,

l"Ke his lutliu- w... haai.torc a Member ut the t'roviu-

^l-MB.XX.

ought, however, to know, that Heaven never lliffers fuch
Hagrant OlVcnces to remain unpuniflied, but expofes fucli
as are guilty of them to the Icvereft Ch.dlifements.
' We the Judges having heard and examined the Inform-
ation prtlerred tx cjficio by Hairy van Steel, Droffard of
the (lat Country, againll the bctore-mentioncd Criminals,
w.ho h,ive tonletfeil the Whole, and fubmitted themfelvc3
voluntarily to this Condufioii ; it is ther.-fore concluded,
Regard l)eing had to the Iv fore-mentioned Crimes, and
all th,- Circumllanres relating to them, and we hereby
conclude and decree in Jullice, in the Name, and on the
Part, oi their High Mightinetfes the .States General of the
IJnitidPiuviiues, that we condemn the before-mentioned
I-'rifoners, with the Approb.uioh of the (iovernor-Gencral
Mr. SwacnUkrcon, and of the Counfi llors of the Indies^
to be tranljiortcil to the Place before the Citadel, where
it is ulual to execute Criminals, there to be delivered into
the Hand.s of the Hangman, in oriler to receive their re-
fpedive PuniOiments in the Manner following : The two
Criminals Erberfdd ami Cattidia, otherwife llyled Rading,
(hall be extended and bound each of them on a Crofs,
wlieie they fhall each of them have their Right Hands
cut off, aiul their Arms, Legs and Bre.ifts, pinched with
r;d-hot Pincers, till Pieces of the Flelh are torn away.
'I'hcy fliall then h.ive their Bellies ripi>ed up from Bottom
to Jop, and their Hearts thrown in their Faces •, after
which, their Heads fhall be cut off, and fixed upona Poft>
and their Bodies, being torn in Pieces, (hall be expofed to
' the Fov/k of the Air without the City, in whatever Place
the Government (hall pleafe to direft.
• The other four Criminals Alaja Praja, Sana Suta,
' othcrwile // 'tingf<i, Sma 'Jjijlra, and Layeck, are to be each
■ of tiicm bound upon a Ciofs, and have their refpedtive
' Right Hands cut off, their Arms, Thighs, and Breafts,

• pjnched, their Bellies ripped open, and their Hearts
' thrown in their Faces, and their Limbs expofed upon a
' Wheel in the utual Plates, there to become a Prey to
' Birds. The other ten Criminals (hall be each of them
' tied upon a Crols on the Scaffold, and, in cale there be
' not Room on the Scaffold itlelf, on a Place near it, where

♦ they lliall be brok< n alive, without reeeiving the Coup dt

• (inice. 'I'hey Ihall be .ifteiw.irds carried to the ordinary
' Place of I'lxecution, and there expofed on a Wheel, and
' gu.irded fo lonp; as th^y fliail live there ; and, after they
' expire, Ik lett a Frey to the Birds. The other three,

* lombcam, CramLuk, and Mitas, are condemned to be
' e.ich of them ti-d to a Stake, and there llrangled, till they
' arc dead. Their Hcdiis Hiail be then carried, like the
' rclf, to the common Place of Fxccution, and there ex-
' p>fed on Wheels, tor the Nouiilhmei.t of the Birds. We

* lik.nvit'e further condemn tiie (aid Criminals to the Cofts
' and pA-pences ot Julh^e, and to the Confilcatlon of half
' their Ftfecrs : This being paid, renouncing all further
' Prettnfiop.s. Done and decreed in the .Alfembly of my
' I^jrds the Counfellors ot Juilicc, this H'ednifduy the 8tli
' of ///n.', all the Judges, except Mr. Cra:ia;igcr, being
' prelent.' Thl'j Sentence was executed as pronounced, on
WulnefLiy, Jpri I the 2 2d, ijzz.

In Procefs of Time, there w.rc abun.l.mce of their Ac-
coniplicts diliovered, and, one after another, executed.
'I'he Houi'e, in which /V/fr Krjirjlld livei!, was pulled
down, and i.izr-d to the Ground ; anti, or. that Side of it,
V. hich looked to the great Road, a Column et Iniairy w.is
trceted, on the Clia;'iter ol which w.is pliccd a Dtatli's-
Iiead. 'I'heic w.is alto a Tabic placed, on tiie laid Colutnn,
on which was engravcil in five tilHcrent Lar.'jua^^es ; I'lz.
in Dutd\ l'o>lu<>ii!'ji; Maloyiin, 'Jttvanejt\ and Chinefc, the;
following lnlcri|.tioii : /;; this I'.'iiif beretcfsrejiocd the lUtife
cf thi:: uitirortln 'fmitor l\tcr Frbcittld, on -juhUb Spot no
otter notifc Jhiui ft. i<id biiuifirtlj for e-jcrme/e. J: was
4 1) nev.f

-I

285

The V O Y A C; 1 S of

I^^ook I.

1 1
'I

Mvy

" 55

.1'

'1^'

1 s

if -

mver certainly kn6Wn I:ow this IVeafon was difcovcrfd :
Some fay, that it was owin;; to a Slave -, otiicn, tlut it w.is
bctrayeii by a Woman. Iht re arc lomc likcwilc ot Ointiiorr,
that one or other ot the Coi.lpirators thcmlilvc. rtvT.iioil it.
But tliat which has the moll Appcari^ncc <;t I'rtith is »!>•«.
the Government received its Inlorm.itions Irr.m the kiii(;ot
Bantam j lor it is certain, that Pdcr Hrhfrfeld wrotr to
him, not only every Circumtlancc of Ins C.onlpirai y, but
iulormcil him likcwile, th.it, wlun he hail cxiirpat.d the
Chriftians, he inttmicd to attack the Emi^ror ot /rfr.t.
The King of Bantr.my perceiving by this the ilarinR ami
ambitiousSpirit ofthc Man, beg.m to think, that his own
Satcty was, in fome mcalure, concemeil •, and that there
could not be a better or Iliorter Method taken to prevent
his having it in his I'owcr to do Mifchicf, than to dillover
his Schemes immediately to tlie Company. It is alfo remark-
able, that Mr. Vandtn Bcf.b, Miniller at Macajjfnr, who
wrote a Poem on this Confpiracy, infiniiatcs, that the Dil-
covery was owing to the Friciuiihip of a great Monarch.
2 8. The Ecclefiaftical Government at fiatavia conlilh

generally of eleven Pcrfons, ail Minil\ers of the Retormed
leligion ; viz. five for the two Duuh Churches in the
City, and that in the Citadel, befides the Minifter that re-
fides in the Ifland of Onrnji -, three Pcrlugua'e Minillers,
and two Malayan:. The live lall likewile arc Dutchmen by
Birth, though they preacii in the Portuguf/e and Ma'.nyan
Tongues : And as it is neccflary, that the State Jhoukl be
ver)' well intormed of whatever paflcs imongft their Clergy
when they meet together, tlic eleventh Perfon is a I>:puty
en the Part of the Govenimcnt, who is to fee, that they
\indertake nothing prejudicial to tlie Civil Government, or
inconfiftent with t.he Laws, which the Company has prc-
fcribcd. Befides thefe Miniftcrs, the Confiftory iscomixjfed
of eight Elders, and twenty Deacons. One great Branch
of their Bufinels is, to fend Minifters into other Govern-
ments, where, after a certain Term of Years, ihry are re-
lieved, and return either to Batavia, or to HeUand, to en-
joy in Peace the Iruits of their Labours. Our Author tells
us, that there came home with him a certain Preacher, who
had made fo good Ufe of his Time, that, on his Return,
he bought a noble Fief, and of a Pallor iinmeiliatily
became a Man of Qiiality.

In other little Places, they have no ordinary Minifter ; but
one is fcnt thither regularly every three or four Years, to
baptize, marry,and give the LcrJ'sSupper •, which is fo mucrh
the more neccflary, becaufcthcSynodshave taken aRcfolution
not to permit any Religion, but the Reformetl, to nuke any
Progrefs in the Uominions of the Eafi India Compaiiy.

The Lutheran.', for a long .Space of 1 ime, have warmly
folicited for a Church at Bata-.m, but liavc been conlUntiy
refufed it, though certainly their Demand was equally jult
and reafonabk, cfpcially in a Place where Mahammedans
and Pagans arc treely toltnted m the F.xrrcili- uf their
Religions \ luy, and even the Chtnefe, who, as we before
ohfervcd, worfliip the Devil himlclf. This Htdefiafti-
cal Council have alio dependent, \i\-<m them, the Confo-
lators of the Siik, vSchoolm.iiVis and Cateclulls. Of thefe
Utt the Company have a pir .t many in their .Service i>n
Foard their Ships, whofc Duty it is to fay Prayers con-
l^antiy every Day, and to inllrud lijch as embrace tlie
Chriftian Riligion. 1 hell- Catet hills are, for the moll
part, Natives of the Country ; and, as tlwy fjieak fcvcral
l^ingUJges, they arc the better enabled to give the neccf-
fary Inlliudtions, and to teach the Conleinon ol Fait!) to
io many ilinirtnt Nations •, who, alter Ix-ing converted anil
baptized, are to receive the Communion. For tlie better
J^eftn-at on ol Uniiormity, there is an annual Vilitatiun
made by the Miniliers (jf all the new Coiiveats.

Li cor.fequencc of thele Re^^ulations, ilie Retormed Re-
hgton makes a great I'rogrifs, ilpwally among the Ne-
groes, of whom our Author fays he lias ken i -,o a: a tiii\c
wiio denuiuied Baptiim i whah, however, is not r.illily
{^ranteii, linec ail wno reciive it are ol-.hgai to l)e well in-
llriiCted, anil to be able to iiul;e tiieir Conleilion of F.iith
lx'l";e It ;s bcllowal •, ;uk1 in this th- Duub ire lo lliidt,
th.it they do not difiJeiife, in this Panicular, even with
Pfiiieesaml I'mKelTo themieives. It is well enough kni/wn,
that die Ceinai are fj obllui-itely adiiided to tluir Crnit
C. '/*...■(.', -i nul tj U- o\ef-iea.Jy tu (.iii'jraCv any oiha

Religion ; yet tl-.'ir are, frt.ir. titr.c to tin-e, (i.nie of thrm
who abjure tlieir Idol.itty, and embrace the I'lorelW.t faith
Our .Author, however, feems to doubt a httle the Sim'-l
rity ol thefe Contellions, from an App.reher.fum, tlut th-
G'Diefi are letdoin fincrrc in any thing ; aiui. as a lir.f'n
for lits .Sulpicion, hi- tells us, tlut a Chineft, \\t,\xr, J.
iKHinied lir> Superllition, made ule of this remark ib|.
I'hraic i At picllnt I am B^>'"B t« embrace the Kcl:gi)n
ol the Comp.!ny.

As to the Military Fdaliliflimrnt, it is pretty nii;cht.'ii:
fame in the Lull In.U.s as in tiic United Prrdnies , the
Troops in the CtMnp.my's Service Ixing as fci^ularly paul,
and as well dilviplintd, a^ thole in lloHami. 'V\\,- lirll Officer'
in Command, in Timeof IVace, lias, lltiiflly |pcal;ing,no
higlier Rank tlun that of Major, under whom arc Lapt^m.-,
Liuitenants, .iiul F.nligns : But, when the Froops arc in the
Field, the Lieiiteiunts and F.nfigns are at the Mead oi
Com[>anus, theCapt iins lead Brigades, ajul the Major, jj
a Major General, tominands in chief. All the Forcrs, «
li.uli Ix-rn Ivlorc obteived, are under the immediate ten.
niand of one ot the Counfellors of the Indies \ thcNativti
of the Countiy are undir the Command of thiir own Of.
ficers, who are capable of rifing to the Rank of a Captain,
but iiot higher. Fhe Burgrflcs of Batavia choofc alio thiir
own Oiriters, as high as the Rank of Captains of Horl't
and Foot: 'Fhey are under the Command of a Colonel,
who is alfo one of the Counfellors of the Indies, and, at
the liimc time, I'relident of the Council of War.

The Maritime Forte, in the Service of the Eajl hh
Company, is reguLited mi the fame Foot, and on the fani:
Ma.\im<i, as their Mihiaiy l.llablifhment ; that is to Ijv,
there arc no Olficcrs wanting necclfary to the Frclmation
of g(KKl Difcipline ; nor are there any honoured with h;gii
Titles, merely to feeure large Appointments to them, witV
out any Binetit to the State. Fhe whulj Fleet ii undir
the Dircrtion of one Ollkcr, who has tiic inoileft Iitlt d
Commander, or Commodore -, \\t has under him a Vic-
Commander i anil, Ixrfides thefe, there arc no Flag-oflxtn,
but every C ap.tam has the Command of his Ship, Whci
their \eHils are in tl»e Harbour of Batavia, the Captars
are obliged to repair every Morning to the Commander, or
Commixlorc, in order to make Report to him of the Start
of their Vcfiels, and to receive his Orders : Yet, even th:i
Commander of the Fleet does nothing of Confiqucnc;
without the Content .\nA Approbation of the Govcrr.or-
Cieneral, to whom, in \At\, all the Officers of the Com-
pany, Civil, Milit.iry, and Marine, are accountable ; u
that It plainly appears, the Dutib arc forced to retain tk
Stadtholderflup, or (iovcrnment ol a fmgle Perfon, int.'-.f
Indies, though they have thought fit to nd thcmfclvcs ct
it at Home ■, and, indeed, witliout I'uch an F.llaliHihiTir;,
it IS not eafy to conceive, how their AlVairs in the Ini^
could be fo well carried on as they are.

29, '1 he Country about Batavia is inexprcfTibly bfaiii-
ful, infomiK h tlut one nuy lately aver. Nature and A.'.
teem to lirive which (lull have the gnatcll Share in ador-
ing it. 'Fhe Air is fweet and mild, the I.and llrtilc, ri
lintly diverlified with Hills .iiid Valleys ; and all theli:-"
improveit by regular PlaiiLitiuns, bca;:titul Canals r^
\vli..tever elle may eontriUite to render a Country p'-iC--
and agreeable. But to flip a l.ttle out into t.V: lilii-:
'Java may be alxmt ^00 I x-agues in Cir>;,imtercnce, d;vi!d
into aliunilance e)l Kingdoms and I'rineipalitiis, allot th.-ri
diiKiuknt on t!ie F.inivior, wlio reli 'es .it A'.J.Vj/j.r.;. W;
mull, however, exu pi e.ui of the Number i.l tliclc tr.butirf
I'rintes the Kings ui Hant^m anil J.ipar.i, wi;o do rJ.
acknowleelge his .Authority. The Country [iroeiuccs r.'.
only all 'Ihings nei ellary tor the Sublillenet of Mm, bir
.ii:i) large Proporuoas ot thole valuable Fltl'ids which tofT.
the Ceimmtrec ot the Country. It is i!ivid'.d l^y mi-'J
Rivers, WimkIs, anil Mouniains, in all ot whieh N^t'r
has veiy iMjuntituily lx-llowed her 'I'reafurcs. it isctrta".
that in loiiu- Parts ot the llland there are Gold Mines: 1"'
Rcgeiiey at Batavia, in hopes of pi-ofiting by ^^''^'^
wrought lor fome Years the Mountains ot Ptiranj,; uu''
fo tilKoiit, that the Manallitcs were not tuily "F""' ','
tlut, alter all, the Company were at the !■ Xi)eneei>i j" '
lion to no I'urpole. Sueh as ha>l the Direaion or !>^
Lnitrpr.ic were veiy much ccnfurcd, and the ^^ uf^* ["•*"

chap.

CommodoYi R o g g uw i-; i n.

287

l-nlfina fin« dirciiitinuc'l- ''''"•''^ ^^rc I'eoplc, I;nv
. . wlioart- thorou<;hly prHludctI, that tlv NatiVis ..f
^'cmintry liml, in in.i.,y I'larcs conrKlerahlc' Qii.miiti s
.'c„ll which PlK-csliowcvci-.tlirycardullycoiuial troin
V.v,^lMm. nuriiiK the lall War in 7rtr</, which l.illal
IrJm tin Villi' »7'^ «" '7^'.'. ''"-" '"•'••''"a""' ''• """"=

1:
i;

J, of the Country were fo often, and fomilVralMy, \\\\\\-

Tfil that they wen- rrdiiccd to alMi)lute Bcygary •. yet

'wiM*M rvTd with Aftonilhinrnt, that, in th.' Siuoi; of

Ycir'i IVaci', thric very IVoplegnw cxcfUlvcly riih,

,,,,,1 luii not only great Qiiantitits of (Jokl in Dull, Luic

alfo in lngo:s. ,. ,, . r , r 1 1

The Muiiniains m this llland are many of thrm lo hi(',ii,
n; Id It Iccn at the Dinaiue of tlii; ty or forty l/.-.ij;ui-.
T u whitli is tailed die hhe Mcunltiin, is by far the liii-iit ll
,,'t'i :n al', and fccn the larthcll otVat Se.i. '1 hey have lic-
, - I'tand very tcrnbk- Karthqiiakcs in this Country. I'hcrc
I jin t lud one wlun our Author was there, wiiic ii trightenrd
hi no liich a dcKicc, that he did not recover it in a VVei k.
It iT"in alwut ii^ht of the Clock in tiic Morning, and
Ihook the City, and Places adjacent, to fuch a degree,
lli.it the Fall of the I Ionics was expedled every Moment.
The Waters in the Road were excelTivtly agitated, iiifo-
niich that tluir Motion refemblcd that of a boiling Pot.
In lomc Places the Karth opened, which afforded a llrange
r..i ttiribk Speiflacle. The Inhabiunts arc of Opinion,
thit thefe Eirthqiiakes are caufcd by the Mountain Parangs
M'lich is full of Sulphur, Salt-fietre, and Bitumen, which,
taking Fire by their intelUne Coinmotions, caufe a •j)rodigi-
(iis Struggle in the Bowels of the liirth, and of conlcquencc
.m Ijrtliquake i and tlv.y affurc us, that it is very coiiuiion,
.-aicr fuch an Accident, to fee a Urge Cloud of Sinoak
lun''in''ovcrtheTopoftheMountain. Aboutthirty Years
a.;o, General Riheckt who then commanded in the Illand,
wint.withaconfiJer.ible Numbcrof Attendants, to tlie Top
ct that Mountain. On his Arrival there he perceived a large
Cavity inthc Mountiin, into which he caufed a Man to be let
town, that he might examine the Infidc. The Man, when
h.rctumeil, reported, that the Mountain was hollow within-,
tiu: he had heard a moft frightful Noife of Torrents of Wa-
tt on every Side ; and tliat here-and-there he h.id intw
I hints buift out, fo that he was abfolutcly afraid of [>,(jing
tir, from an Appreiienfion of being either (lifleil by the
Vj,ours, or of filling through feme of the Chafins.

It is certain, that the Waters in the Neighbourhood of
this Mountain are very far from l)eing wholfome, and that
tv;n thofe that come to Batavia arc impregnated with Sul-
lh;ir. Thofe who drink much of them contrai.1 various
I'llcmiiets, but chielly a Uyfe;itery : Yet this Water, bc-
ir.jkiitd, is freed the.chy from all thofe fulphureous I'ar-
Vx'c, and (!(Ks no Imt ot 1 lurt, though ilraiik ever fo co-
pHifly. The I'ni.ts and Plants in this Illand are in their
K';;.Is txctllcnt, and alinoll out of NumlxT. T'h -.t, how-
rvr, which is, or ought to be, tftecmcd moil, is the
C(^oa, wiiiili, :is a Fruit, h.is been already diferibee!, and
x'xuUnf fliall k- toiifidered here purily .is a Tree. T he
I'arl: cf it is ndue. d into T'hie.ids, ot \v!:ic!i they make very
!"•.! CcrJjgf, and p.irticul.uly CiMs. The Timber is
'>;;ii;i. fit tn; building .*^!>ips and 1 loules, which .ue 10-
v;r, I with Leaves ot the fatiu' Tree. It is f.iii.1, that when
the I'jthrr of a Family in tiiis Country h.is a Child born,
hi urilcT:. a Cu (i,i-trec to be planted, that it may know its
"wn Age ; lor tills Tree has a C irele rif.s annuaKy on its
lljrk, as on the 1 lo.-ns ot a Cow, Ii) tiiat its Age is known
I'v InfjKction i .iiid if any bi'dy alk the Father how old
I .s ChiUrcn are, he fends tluiu to his Cocoa-trees.

Ihrre arc abui'.d.aiue of Woods and Foreils Ii attered
fv.r the ManJ, in which are all kinds of wild He.ilF, liich
',- BiHalets, Tygirs, KhinoeuoiV', and wild 1 lories; and
f . y hkcwifc abciiiid with an ;nli;v,ie V.iri ty li .'^irpents,
'.n,c ct tlieni ot a I'rcxiigioiis Si/,', Ciixodiks a:e pio-
e^.wuf-y l,ir;?,c in 'Jd:\i, and ;i.i- tound c!iiefly in the
•'.tiuhs of Kivcrs ; for, b» ing aiv.pliibious Anim.iK, they
' i'l't moll in Marihcs and >avaniuhs. T'his Creaiure,
■ "ihc rurtoite, lays its F'|.'gs in the hot Sands, without
'.i-iing any f.irtlier Care of them, aril the Sun hatehes thi Ml
a;t!ie[T„pcrS(aU.n,\shentliey run iniiititly intotJu W.iter.
■mIc linull ti.r.e beti'ie our Author i.ir.'.e to />'i'.'.;-.';.;, a
U'.-.ut'ale w.i> taken 111 a Kiver's Mcuth to tlu Kallw.u'dol

the City, Willi h was iipw.in' of thirtytliiee fiei
l.uigth, and piopoiiioiidlily bi|',. 'I'herc is, in fliorr, no
kind of Aiiiiiial waiitiii|i li' i.j , Fowls they have of all
lorts.and ixiiuillt.ly nnod, ilp^sially IVanxks, I'ariridge,
Phealants, Wood jiiKtMiii"! i and, lor Curiolity, th.y have
the Imliim Hal, wimli dill'iu hllle in its Form from our-;,
bur its Wings, when ixtnidMl, mrafurc a full Y.ird, and
tlw' Hotly ot it IS III ilie Si/r id a Rat.

'liny have Filli in p,iuit Plenty, of different Sorts, and
very good i Id that, liii' die Value of Fhree-peiKc, there
may b<.' fiiough liounlir to dine iix or liven Men. Tlity
have likc'wileaMullimdrul I'ortoills, the Flelli of which
IS very little mieiior to Vial, mid tlnre are m.uiy who
think It b. Iter, Anllie ll.it Country abounds in this inan-
nir with all lurfs of Provllioiii, there are daily great Qiian-
tities brought lo llihivin \ ami, to nrevcnt any Danger of
Scarcity, the N'clliU brlimj^iiig lo the Company are conti-
raially employed in briiii>iii(f, liom the molt dilbnc Parts
of the in.iml, PioviHoiis >»l'iccs, and other NecelTaries,
Inch as lndiii,o, Hue, IVpi.tr, Cardamoms, Coffee, ^c.
There aie alto laid Uji, III the Magazines .it Batavia, all the
various kinds (if riifi and valuable Commodities, not of
Java only, but all ill.- Iiulits^ nady to be tranfported
thence, eiilur tiMilhii I'oiti ol the Cornp.iny's Dominions,
or in the Ships ilut iiiuin annually to /M</«./. Thefe
inay be, in lome nuahiu, toiiipand to the Flota and Fio-
tilla of the .S/./«/,(( ,/. ( and ihttelorc of thefe wc fliall give
a very clear and dillina Amiimt,

Thete Ships fail from l\,ii,tiia for Ildhind five times a
Year: The lull ^m, ji, ||,, Month o^ July, and this Squa-
dron conlilts of Iniir or livi'Sail, which touch in their
Paffagc at the lllan.j ol VfyLn t The fecond, making .i
Fleet of lixteen or iwiniy Sail, leave Balavia in the Month
o[Otlokr\ ility loini'riy did not lail till the Month of
Decmler, but llwt ! ^.ilaiioii is changed, and they fail
now ctjnft.intly in the Monili of OHobcr : The third Squa-
dron, of fix or feveii Vi 11; ji, laijj in September \ the 4th,
ot^four or five, wjotimy \ and thclall Vcirel, in the Month
of Afon/i, but lyit nil ill' Ciinefe Fleet is arrived, which
brings the T ea i and ol this the bcft Part of the Cargo of
the hoiiiewaril bound Vcflel ii made up i and, therefore,
this is coinmonly called the Tea Ship i the common People
likewife call it ifie Hook Ship, becaufc it brings the current
Account of the Company ll)r the Year, by which dicy
fee the State of tju'ii' Trade in the [ndiei. It is to be
obfervcd, that all ihelc Willis, lailcn with the Riches of
fo many Coiintiiis, fail Irom the liiinc Port of Batavia.
The Ships from A/<j(\(irt, which bring home the Coffee, are
the only VelUls in the /'/.//./ Company's Service allowed
to prixecd (lirieHly home, without going to Batavia at
.ill. Sucli is the Si.iie ol lutl.niiU anil the Illand oi Java ;
fuch the domeltic (I'Minomy i.|' that great Company in its
principal IM.iiuaiiiin, We will now h)ok abio.id, examine
the I'.xtint (it lis Doiiiinions, the valuable Commodities they
produce, and the Miaiis by wliii h the Company governs fo
wide an F.inpire, ,\\v\ 111,111.1^1 • lb cxtenlive a Commerce.

ju. The liill anel llie lull ( ioveiiiment, alter Batavia,
is that ol the jiluid ol f W/o«. Tiu- (.iovernor, who rcfidcs
there, is ulutHy mie nl lln (nuiiiil of th • /«i//V/ ; and his
Council, appoinird to allill him, is framed in the fame
manner wall that ol fliiluviii i the lingle Difference is, that
tlie latter are noi (|iiiie lo great Men as the former. Tho'
the Cioveriioi (I Caluii \; dtpindrnt on the Council of the
InJifs at Hjttiv:,!, ]\v ri, however, at Liberty to write di-
ivi'lly to the |)iii(*(om III (he Company in //c//<J«(/, with-
out afliing the PeriiiiUlon ot tiu; Ciovernor-General, and
\vithoiit being olilignl lo yive him any Account of their
Conduct in tli.it nIprCk, Ihis fingul.ir Prerogative has
h.ul very b.iil I'lViCh, becaul'e it has hcquently teiupteihhc
(jovernors o| dt'.hii lo rnvleavmir to withilraw themfelvcs
Irom the Obedieiue ol the Company, in oul r to become
alifokite Sovi reigns of (In- lllmd. There have been m.iny
F'xamples ot thi-. kind, but it will be rutlkient to dwell hero
on the two kill, which have made lomueh Noil"; \[\Eurofi'.
Thefe htlhiii Coiiiilli'lioiis Were owing to the T yranny
of two (lovernors, who immeiliatcly fuceeeiltel each other,
tlie one named / /((//, and llir other /-'it//';vj-. T hi; whole
T'r.inlaiHioii lell mil ilni>. ; As I'noii as Mr. Riiiiijf kit his
Covtinmeiit I'l i'ijiiH, Mr.i'w';/, his Sucwfl'or, began to

^ ii
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288

7/jc V O Y A c; R S of

ac\ the B-irlurian tnw.mU all tl.olV who wire not f ) luiky
aj to be in Im g-xnl (iraccs : He yKViX-aMd thr /•.«r.^iw
as wdl as t!ic /*//.»/., and was alike nrriblc to all. As lu-
hoil, trum tlic Ikgmnmt;. this Projciit m his I li;> 1. <•
raultriiiji himfeU an iniicp.mlent SoveMgn, hi' l)"^''"''
it fteailily, and by tlic MttluKls that wne httdl L.r a.conr
iiliftiins his I'urpolf. In thr MX I'lan-, h<- t u>i>i;ht it
neccllary to rid hi.nrdt of the rithcll IVil.ms m the IiUiul,
and of iucU as were of the Brcatdl Kcpmation l»>r W ilJom,
1-jjpcriciice, and I'tnctration. In ordi-r to five Apivar-
anccs, and play the Villain with an Air of Jurtitv, h.'
thought it rcquifitc to forgo a IM^t » and .aiilal Intorni-
ations to l>c prctcrnd againlt fucli as lie intended to rti.n.
for Ix-ing in aConfpiriry to betray and doliva up thf
principal Fortreircs in the llland to foine (onigi r>»w;r :
Which Si heme of )»!. Icrvcil him doubly* lor, in the ttiit
Place, it feenu-d to iiunifeft a great Zeal tor the Com-
pany's Service 1 and, in the next, it g.iw him an Oppor-
tunity to convia thole he hated of I ligh Trcafon, whuh
tlepriveil them at once of Life and Fortune.

To manage this more cffertually, i»c thought it rrqui-
fite to change his Council, and to bring into it llich as he
could depaid uiwri. The Confifcation rf the Flbtcs and
EffcifU of a Number of innoi-ent I'erlons, whom he con-
demned and murdered under colour of his Attention to t!ie
public Welfare, put it in his Powe. to oblige many, anil
to raife a vaft Numb-.r of Creatures. To m.ike this Hioit
Hiftory the more intelligible, it will be proinrr to give the
Reader the Charat'ler of the Man. Mr. I uijl was lx)ni in
the InMes, oi Duttb Parents ■, he had naturally a ft rong Ca-
pacity, winch he had improved by an afliduou^ Appli-
Mtion to his Studirs. His dark Hrow, and cloudy Air,
fufficiently Jhewed thcCnklty of his DiffXifitinn, and tlut
Flintinefs of Heart, which dilbnguirtv.d him Irom other
Men. He loved and protedcil the Indians, cither from a
natural Indin.ition, as tiu y were his Countrymen, or Iv.-caufe
he thought them Id's cap.tb!e of jicnctrating, and leli wil-
ling to travcrfe, his IX-ligns. In order to gain them in-
tirely to his Devotion, he preferred them as often as any
Vacancies which kll in his (Jovcrnment would jx-rmit i and
this in dirv'ft Op|X)lttion to the repeated Inftrudions ot
the Company, direcUng him to bcflow tlic pnnci])al I'ofti
in th' Ifland on Dutcbmnt, or other Europrar-.s.

This did not proceed frem an alfolute Dinidence, in the
Company, ot the Indians in general, which they nvither
had, nor ought to have, fmce Ii.xp: rieiicc has tauglit them,
that there are, amongft the hdsans. I'erfons of as muih
I'robity, and apirovui Fidelity, ,is among the Dutch
themfilvcs : And our Author allures us, i.f his own Know-
lodge, that fonie, with wiiom he had oteafion to contracl
Acquainunce, iliftingui-Oied thtmlilves tow.irds him by
indubitable Marks ot fn-.tere FVicndlhip, and the greatdl
Uprightncfs in thiir CondufL He .idds tarther, th.it the
laft time he wj^ ;r: the Ixdiei, the General whoconim.inilid
all the l-"o!C-.-.s in the Service of tli. Co:np.:ny, was an
Indir-n born : His Name- was Dirk d,- ('.ic:», a Man ot very
great Capacity, an cxcllent Offieer, .uid ol acki.owledged
Virtue and Nlci it -, of which his riling to that high Poll,
though not a Ihubmtw born, o'lght to Ik- confidered as
the nioft convinc.i'g Pioot. But to renirn to Mr. I'uijl,
and his rr-'iiiUdions, which brought upon him fuch a Re-
word as every Traitor o.ight to nv.it with.

He earned on his Dtfi-ns, t<jr a long time, with the
greatell Dexterity and Cunning, atqulnng l)y Ciiiis, and otlier
Artifice'., a pr(xligious NunilKr ot l)eixnden;s, who were
re-uly to kij.port liini even m the blackell of his Defigns.
This however, he couKl n^.t do without giMng Um'.ir.ig.- to
ibme ol the Company's laithl'iil .Scrv.uus who km over
to HcHatul fuch char and i^ifcd Inform.mons ol his Ik-
luviour, as g.ivi- llifiki'-nt L.i-lit to his real Intcntioni, in
fj)ite ol all the liy[)ocritical Arts he nui'e u\'^ of to conceal
them. At lall, theretore, the Company f.nt .Mr/'ir/* s
ilirtLlIy to 0\l6n to fu' Ceed him, with Orders to feiul
I'ldjl Priibner to liitfiv.ia, where he w.is call-d id an Ac-
count lor his Conduct. As loon .is he emu- tintiier, aSnn
i!.ince of liitornutiuiis wit-: pr. tenvd .igiinft l.ini, lor a
Variety (if Crimes, ot a piivate as well as pu!-Iit Nature -,
i:.to all which the Council of Jufluc cauled the llri;tell
Inquifiiio,) to be ina.le, aiui VjJ,^ tare tj be furnifliwJ with

rverv Knui

..t P

Ecok I.

In I'.iP, afier abi. .hfcc of F.xaaj
n.itions and Intirlociitoric, lie tialy r.-iii;irid, tluit |.
lud c.uil'id nmetcn ii-ndKnt Pnlbrs to lv nioil tru 'i'
put to D.-.itli ', adding taitlier, th.at as he lud, toktrnlij!
H Sbw ot Julli.e, rut th 'in all t„ the To.-fjrp, f„' J,
the .Severity ot this Proierdiii^r, |.c hail i xt.irt.'il Uom
tvrry on.' ol th-m a Confeirwni ot Ciini •% noir ot whic'
lud rvir fo HUM li .i- ' iit'T.il into thur I \va.U. Smjit'j
grant OllVmo'. c.rt.tiidy delerval the (cwr^W I'uiuihinin-
" "''" ' "" ■ •'>^'' I-'- p-'lf-'d upoi, i^

till I..IWS coiilil inllici ' The

W.IS to this F'lle.'t : Fh.it he (houli

I'e brok.'i

'!ivc upon

i.'ioL-

the Whiel, his B.Kly imnvdi.itely quartered, anil,
f^iurtets King burnt on a Pile ot \Vor):l, the AfticVtotx;
put in a Calk, and thrown into the .^r.i, as u'lwortiiy uf
fipy otlur Interrnunt : Which .Sintrrce, without tlujuii
Mitigation, Was put in F.xecution within a few Days after
it was pror.oumid. Such w.is the deiirved FnJ oftl'.e
i'laitor and Tyr.int f'liij}; but, furr, the Kadtr v.;'.] hi:
aftoiiillied to hear, that the next Inll.incr to l-cpmdual
ot a like, luul, , rh.ips, ol a worle Condu.'l, is tli.it tf
his Succtlfor l'iif.ii\s, wlio w.is f nt exj)re!ly to aniMj
wlut the othvr li.id done amifs, and to inik- tlir Pap!:
forget, by a nnl i a:\'.\ g-iitle Adminiftration, the Lxcdiii
tomniitted by his Pridectflbr.

1 his Man hid. by no means the Cnulty of /w;}, xtj
theretore he llicd no Hlotkl, llriftly fjvakingj U,tlita,'..J
as dt fjHJtiially dvx\ tyranimally as the other, fl.ouoh ».;a
nnich more Sul.tilty, and under a tairer Appcjrjncc,
The great Point lie aiiivxl at, was n<X the ablolu;c I'cf.
leniun (it the Country, but the Poirell ()n of all thjt «ii
valualile in if. As IImmi as ever he was fittlcvl in In* Pcft,
he rait'cd the Price of Kice, which is the Urriul of that
Country, to liuh an extravagant Height, tlut, in av;7
fliott tune, the People were not able to purchall' it, liithi;
they were by degrees reduced to Begg.iry and StJr^■;":,
Their humble Keprelentations of the great aj.d ifT.r'il
Mifery whidi reigned among all Ranks of I'cop;:
throughout the whole llland, made no ma-ncr of h.>
prcllioii upon him -, but all things went on Iruin bai to
worfe, till an Account of his Conduct wa.s lent over :3
Ilolhiiid. '1 he States fiereral were iiu fonuT inforir.ftl (<
the Dillrels the Inhabitants i,f C.n'.on w.-re in, thanthfj
immediately appoint-.i! a new Governor, ere Mr. Ikta.
hour^, aa.i give him particuLir Iiillru tions to r.'pair }■}.
F.rrors, and to treat the Subjeds of the I'.nJ) Iniii Con-
pany with all the rcndernet's ar.d Indulgeiue pufTiblc, thit
th^y might be convinced, their Grievames ])rucfjiicd I'r*
tile Wickedncfs ot particular Men, and not Irj.ii i.:|
DillKjfition in their Sovercigi-.s to Opprclfion.

On the Arrival of Mi Dcemiciirg, Thinj^s took avny
new and uiieX[x-ctcd Turn i ioT I'njluys, aiter l)eggirir.;i
whole Nation, took it ieto his Head, that thiy wixii
defend him a£;ain(l his MalKrs, and theretore abrjL"..!;
n tilled to furunder the Giivcrninent ; and h.ul even tit
Inlolci'ce to tire upon the C'.iTi|'any's Slup'^, .is rhry rcxici:
Anchor in th'- Ko.id of Cdombj. P.ut all tli.s r.g.iificd .>
thing-, }\h . Donnhcurg Inuled ; his Authority was ix";-
dutely ai knowledgcd by all in the Company's S:n'.::,
and by tlie Piuple. lie inllantly c.uill-d /V'/t.; to L<
arn.lb-d, and fuit Prili)ner to Bul^ivni, where a long.r-
minal Prol'ciition

inditrirent Su. >it'. -, t

w.is can it d on s^
or he had taken

;ainft l.ir.i, b'.it «i:i
I arc to cuvtr hiir.lcll
l<) elVedually, that it was found .ilmoll impolT;!'' • toibtjn
other than urcumllantijl Proofs: At fill, Ik th'jugh:
].ro\yT t.) lay duwn a very Lirgc Sum of .Money, w!iic!i»«
to attend the F.vent of the Sui' ; and he was f '. .1- I.iUr;''.
tiiat he might be t!ie kitcr ab!c to defend hiinl.lt. ('A'
Autiior fays, he h.is no .Account of the KveiU ot t.;ii
Allan 1 I ut, at the Time he wrote his lio.-k, there «;':
mw Dilhitbai-.e s and Con'.plaiiits in C.rjl.n; ot W"-'
Country he has given us tiic following Uelctiiition.

Ol all tlie .Ifu::; llLinds, Ceylon is, perha;s th-;fir^..
am! moll fiuiiful : It lu s to tiic .South e.^ft ot thf Fe.JK-i
lit India, bi y<Jnd the C;.;»;v;, and leparar-.! Iran ti
Coalls of Coramiindd b/ the Strti^hts lA C/j.'.-A w 5.
Munar. Its Situation is Iv.tween and lO^ ut .Nu.'t.i;-'-

tiiude, and 1 2 1 ' and 1 2 j' of Lonytiile, to ihr
tains alKJUt fitly live I. cagu.s itil.ii^"!i fioin Ne--1
Suulli, ao.; lluity froin!..dl to WJl. li ii -i '^P •

ti..'.-

chap. I.

dilicious, that many li.ivc Ixlirvcd it the S«at of thr t.r-
rirtrial I'aradifc ; ami it is certain, that the Inhabitants
rurally Ixlicvc this, which they pretend to prove, l.y
IJicwmR atthis Day. tjje Tomb o\ Mam, ami the I'rmtoJ
his lout, on the Mountain called the Pike of /Idam, which
is one of the highcft Mountains in all the Indies. On aii-
oihir Mountain there is a fait Lake, which the Inhabitants
affirm wascaufetl by the Tears flied by K-.e in her hundred
Viars wieping lor tlie Ptath of Jl/el. With r. gard to the
Tomb, the People of Ceylon arc furc, that there is nothing
more n rtiin, than that the Father of Mankind lies interred
111 It; This they think is put out of Difputc by the F.pita|)h,
which, however, nolxnly can rtad. Abundance of curious
Travdicrs have feen and copied the L.rttirs, but to no
manner ofl'tirpolc J for the Learned, in all Nations, have
iledarui thrinlcives at a Lofs for the Scnfe of it, and the
oriinul C'nticj as much as the reft : Whenie our Autlior
jnfirs that we ought to fuppofc it written in the primitive
Ungtiagc of Mankind, fpoken all the World over, before
thf Cunlulion of Tongues at Babel. Some learneil Men
arc of Oiiiiiion, that this primitive Language confifttd in
the live \ owcis, a, c, i, o, u, in which is cojitained the
Name of the living CJod, viz. lEOy /I, and of which
five Vowels It is iinpolFiblc to comjxjfc any other Wo»il,
in any Language whatever. It is laid, that the late Mr.
hhlltry who was Provoll of SteCin, and jullly famous for
his great IxarninR, was very well vcrfed in this fort of
i .Sci.ncc, and that it was his Opinion, the Myfteries of all
languages might be ililcovered by the Help of thcfe I*t-
I icrs. It is alio certain, that Mr. Muller oflereil to difcover
thii Key to all l.aiiguages to the States (iencral of the
I imitd rminus, for a certain Sum of Money. Uri-
doubtcilly, if we had this Key, it would be of great Ad-
vanugc in re{\Kd to our Commerce with the F.alKrii Na-
tions i but this AtTair of the I'urchacc being drawn out to
a tJiiiou^ Length, that great Man ilicii before any tiling
could bi' lione in ■', and fo this important Secret was
I krial with him.

1 have attentively confidercd the Epitaph in Qiicftion,
I fays our .Author ; and it feems to me, that it ought to be
I dcyphircd, in the fame manner that is .ufed in reading
|/(.«M« Infcriptions. If I had, continues he, tlie Science,
i-j the Key, of Mr. Muller, I flatter myfelf, that I fliould
I K able to ilifcovcr the Senfc of it. It ilocs not, however,
|s'.-;cir, that this F.pitaph has any Relation whatever to our
l;:lU'arcnt; ami, if it was made for any other Ptrlbn
l»ho WIS interred there, the Opinion of thofe, who hold
jthit I'ara^hfc was Rated in this lllaml, falls of itfelf to the
IGrouid i for we know, that the Angel of CioJ drove
j.Tijm amifc? out of I'aradife after their Fall. JJum,
|t:..Tcforr, could not pofTibly ilic, or be buried, there, un-
iLi we Ihould fay, that I'.iradifc was no more than a Di-
llTict, or !:;tlc Country, in this Illand. Some Hiftorians,
ll.:;h as .V/((M_/?rt-, and otiurs, alUire us that A!am and
liiv, alter their Fall, went to dwell in the Neighbourluxjd
|(t Dumarus : They (hew, to this Day, at the Diftance of
|t*o L.cai;ues from th.it City, the Flacc where Cain Hew
l>.^ Brother .Hi-l. Damnftus, liiy they, (Ignilies a I'laec of
IBid; wlmli Name wa^ given to this Country to per-
Pt ttethc Memory of this tirll Muriler, agieeabletowli.it
jt-iA! ijul K, Cain, 'lie I we of thy Br fiber's Bleod irieth
\y:init fnm the Ground, ubub bath cpemd her Mouth to
f'Y^i il-y Brother's Blood from tly Hand. Mull Tia-

■ '•■•s tJ oriental C(juiuries have remarked, in their
p:rer.ir:cs, that Jdam was buried in the Mountain of Ctl-
{■■w. aiiJt!i,.t, on the I'allion of our Ixird, th.' KocUs

'g rem, tliere was found in the Cliffs of them the

■|1 ot our (iril I'areiit. hfiphanius feems to have Ueii
• t Jt Scntiiium, when he fays, t\ui Ahim, being driven
-■: t|l^ I'arjdiie, went to live in the Neighlxjurliood of

■''V'Um; and that dying tlu re, he was buried in the Moun-
|«(.t.,;;«i>rt, where his .Skull was afterwards found -, and
I..Aiurthi.sKtjfon, the Mountain was in fucceeding Times
F " •< - (o.'.rtn .• But this Opinion, fays our Author, appears
I" ''le t,) b(! ill-founded » for the lurtii Ix-ing overturned,
•" 'Tcken to Pieces, in moil Parts, by the Deluge, we

" '■«■'■■'"!/ Iupp(;fc, that the Tomb of Alam, where-
f 'r It W.IS placed, could not ret.»n its lirft Situation. It

ni^ tr) me, therefore, conimues he, tint the Fpitaidi

Commodore Rogghwein.

28p

found in the Ifland of Ceyttn regarils Nval, or fijnie of
his Family, who tftablillied their Dominion in tiiis Iii.ind,
ami who, for that Kcalbn, by a Figure n.itural iiioudi in
any oriental Language, might be ftyled the Father of Man-
kind.

This Ifland was difcovered in the Year 1 509, liy J,mti
l/ipes de Siguairo. The principal Places then in an- JufMei-
patam, Trinkenemall, Materelo, Punta de Cuto, Ctlnmh,
Nijcmio, Seitavaea, and Candy. The Kajl India Coiu«
pany are jwfTtfTcd of the whole Coalls ol the llUiid, anil
ten or twelve Leagues within Land, aiul of nwft of clio
Towns Ix-fore-mentioncd. The Porlu^u,'je, who wefo
formerly ellabliftieil here, had built abunilaiuc of Fort*
for their own Security, fo that it was a very dillicult Matter
to diflodge tiiem \ but, when once the Dutch hail ton*
trailed a licret Alliance with the King ofCamfy, who w,i«
Sovereign of the Il1;'nd, they fuddenly fmiml ihemfelvci
attacked on all Siih s, by I jnd, and by Sea, and were by
degrees driven totally out of all their Poneljions ; As the
Duteh have ever liiue taken a great ileal of Pains lu keep
iipa gijodCorii fpondence with th ',r Mon(>rch, they |mvc
obtained liom him almoft wh?,tcvtr they ilemaiulcd, Tho
Company lend every Yeai an Embinlailor to him with
various Prefents •, in Return for which, his Maiclly I'endl
the Company a Cabinet of Jewels, of fo gre.it Value, that
the Vclfel which carries it home, is looktd upon to be
worth half the Fleet. The Governor-General takes caro
himftlf to have it fo packed up among the reft of the Mer-
chamli/.e, that not only none of the Ship's Company, but
even the Captain of the VelTel that carries it, knows not
win tlicr it lie on board his Ship or no \ which lhcw.s not
only the immenfi Wealth the Company draws from her Do-
minions in the Indies, but the wile and piudent Mealiirtl
Ihe employs to fecure the Riches flie obtains.

I'he two principal Places in this Idand are, Puitta lU
Calo, and Cotumbo. This laft Place is the Rclideiue of
the (joveriior, and hii. Couniil; and the other is properly
no more than the Port of that City. The Air of CesloH^
though very hot, is, notwithftanding, tfteemed to lie very
whollcme. The Countiy abounds with moft excellent
Fruits of all Kinds. They have likewife great Plenty of
Rivers, anil Sea-filh of various Sorts i Fowls, wild aiul
ramci as alio Animals, p.irticularly FJephants, much l.irgrr
than in any other Country of the Indies, I'ygers, Ht ,us,
Civet-cats, Apes, Off. But that fijr which the Illand is moft
famous, is its Cinnamon, which is cfteemed by far the bell
in all Afia. The Eajl India Company have at |iit|iiit die
Monopoly of that, .is well as all other Spices, and lurnilh
therewith all other Parts of the World.

Cinnamon is, projierly fpeaking, the inner ftirk of a
Tree, which refembles an Orange 1 the Flowers of which
ililfcr but little from thofe of the L.iure! tree in their Si/,e
and F'igure. There are three Sorts of Cinn.imoii i the
tineft, whith is t.iken from young i'rees •, a coarler Sort,
taken fioin the old ones i and wiM Cinnamon, whicli
{!rows not only here, but in Malabar, China, anil, ot lata
Years, in Brajil. The Company likewiu drives a gieat
Trade in the Oil wliii h is drawn from this Spice, ui\i,l
which is of very great Value. The Company gains ulfa
very conlidcrably by the precious Stones that are found in
this Illand, which aie Rubies, Sapphires white «nd blue,
lopazes, tic.

There is likewife cllablilhed on the Coall of the Iilaiul
Manar, and of fckeiorin, a tine Pearl-lilhery, which bring*
in a prodigious Profit. This is let twice a Year to l''arm
to certain Negro Merchants. The Oyflers in wliieh the
Pearls arc found, lie at the Bottom of the Se.i. Thi*
Filliery is carried on only in fair Weather, and whet, the
Sea is extremely calm. The Diver has a Cord whii-li palVea
under his Arms, and is fallened to the Bo.it •, he lias a
large Stone lixed to his Feet, that he may delcvMVl the
quicker, and a Sack or Bay alwut his Waill, into whi» h he
puts his Oyllers as fall as he finds them. As luon as lie \%
at the Bottom ot the Sea, he takes up as many as He
within his Reacii, and puts them into his Hag as hill its
jHjdUile. In order to alccnd, he pulU Itiun^ly a tlitVerent
Cold from tlut whicii is tied about his Bod)', upon whitli
.signal, thole kit in the Boat draw him up as tall as th' y
(.M, while he cn^icavouis to rid himfclt tf the Stone at
4 l^ liu

M i,

apo

7hc V C) Y A G K S 0/

l^ook 1.

k 'I';,

,■,!'■

: ; ,r

."'■l

his Fr«, tlut lie may r.ff »hf fal>". ^^hm thf fr Boan
are full of Oyncn, jlie NVgro Merchants carry ihrm a I
over the Cojfts ami frll them ar To imuh an I liin»irfvl.
This kind of Tradr w vcrv h.i/ard(i\n f<ir tholV who pur-
chafe the Ovftirv (incr Inmetimcsthfy Hntf I'carUi)! great
Price, and ibmaimes none A all, or tholr that arc but ot

little Value.

The Company drawj alfo a confi.'er.tMf I'roht from ihe
Manufieture* of Mudin, Chintz, .m\ otiur Cloths : Yet the
grcatcft I'art ot the Mullins f(nt irfo luroK come tn.m
the Coall of Malabar. The Inluhitants of the Idand nf
Ctykn are calkd Cmgelifians. Th- y arc, grnrraliy fi'rakin};,
very tall, ot a very dark CompI xmu, th ir rJniAvtllivi-ly
large v winch i» owing to tl.e Orn.iiiui'.tsthey wear in th> m,
chat are very large, and very hravy. 1 hey are Men ot
great Courage, live very hard, and ihrrrfore mat-e goo I
Soldiers Thi y are, generally Ifx-aking, ot the SUham-
Mf(ii» Ki hgion i but there arc .df > ainongft them Molat-rs
who worfhip Cows .ind Calv(5. liny do not p.iy great
Refpeil to the V>uuh, I ut treat t' <m r.itlur with Cmtemj't,
and llornlully Uile thim thiir C.caj'i kttfm. But -'it Viutch
do not ■ lil'Ie themli Ives f.uuh oli.ut thu, but. like grxxl
PolitiuaiK, take all the Care in the Work! to keep up a
perfert Correliioiu!cnfe with the King ef C<i*A. that he
may never l->e tempted to qu.iinl rs?tli, and retufe them hu
AHiftance i wliich would rfTtclually deftroy the moll valu-
able Part of their Commctic. This, however, his Majefty
might lio, if he thouglit fit, without k'ing uncier any gr.at
Apprehenlions from their Pow>r, fiprc his I'fcminons are
fcparateJ from theirs 1 v a large rapid Kiver, an.i by l-orelh
fo thi'.k, that it is fimply iinpolTible to penetrate them.
The Inhibitants of this Ifland arc particularly remarkalMe
for their great Skill ir taming FJej-hants, which they ule as
Hearts of BurJen in time of Peace, and, in time ot War,
make them very ferviceable againft the r Enemies.

1, 1 . The fecondfiovcrnment the Company has to ly.ftow,
i?. that of .Imkyna, ine of the Ms.'uf.aj This Idand was
formerly the Seat of theCiovenior-G' nvi >etorcthc budd-
ing of Baia-.ia, and was fr.ii''lerred to i;...f City, on ac-
count of its .idv.mragrous Siuution, in th-' niidll «>t .ill the
Company's .'^ett!emt nts •, whrrf-as ,■/»»;' ->rj lay too far to
the Fart. Befidis, the Ida-d of y-^'" «»i infinitily more
(eitile than /!n:t yna in all Things neieffary for lilei fo
tliat there was no N(eefrity of feartliini:» tor Provifions m
other Pl.iCtS ; which is a thing they were obliged to do,
wh;lc the(;overnment-(icreral remained futed at Imk^wa.
This Idand, Iiowevir, i< oncof the biggell o| the Moluccas.
It is fituattd m the Arcl.r.elago ni >t. 1 azarus, between
the third and fourth Degr r ol Soith l.uitiu'c, and 145^
of lyongitude from the Canary IJlands, ami diftant l.:o
Leagues to the F-id'v.ird of hatavta. This lilond was con-
quered by the Pcrt.i^ui-.i in i.-;i9 ; and tluy built a Fort
there, tiot only to tirhlle the I11I1.1I itarfs, bi.' with a \'iew
to ktip fuvh a Force, a.s might I'ul'i'.Ct all ih/ aiijacent
Idands. This Forf, howev.r, w.is t.iken Irom th'.m by t!;e
DuUb in if^S't l^"' ''"■>■ did not render themfeUxs intirily
Matters of Jmioyita, and the aiijaient Countric , nil the
Year 16:7.

1 his Conqueft yr th" Clovc-tradc wholly into their
Hands, not only without a Partner, but without a Conij c-
titor alfo. Tl'.ef'e Idm.s arc llyhd the Gold Mint ol the
Compaiiy •, .ird To inde-d they liave prov.d, il wr r.jnfiilir
how vaft a Profit they draw |-.>in ilv m, and how httlc Fe.ir
there is o! their l->eirg ever exh.uifted. To convince the
Rtadcr of ihu, we need only obfi rve, tli.it a I'c/und Weight
ot Nutmegs, or of Clov(s, coifs th" Company, in Fa'f,
not nui.-h alx)vc an Hahpcny -, a'ld evt ry bcxly knows ,.r
what Rate they jre fold in huropr. Tin. Idand of Jmiej,na
is the Centre o! .lil this rich Commerce •, and, to kc-p it
more efTi ftually ;n her H.inds, the C omp.iny takes care to
have a'.l the Clove-trees in the acijarer.t Mands grublx-d up,
and diftroyed ; and fomctiiivs, when the I larved r. very
large in .\'mi>:y>ia, Pa-t of t'u- fame is burnt likewife. A
few Days aft.r the Frui is t'a^len from the I'rer, thy col-
lea fhc Cloves togeth'T, and dry th m Ixfore the biic on
Hurdles ; by which means they lufe the bautilul red Colour
theydrrivf trom N.itute.a .d eha!i(',<- i:-to aeleep purj Ic, or
rath-r.i b':«k ; whirli is, perh.ips, tj^rafKjne-d by their lx-in<^
f, .'ink!.,: with Wat.r. I: i-, pruti.d.'.l, tJut t!u» Sprinkhiiy
2

is nti ( tfary to hiiuicr the Worm from geitln^t in,n ,),,. t
but It 11 thought, a better Realbn in.»y Iv^iinirnrd (0^!
which IS, the adiling Weight to the Clove*. '"'

It IS at leall certain, that fui .S as are lent („r th,, q, ^
nuKlity m the Company's Ships, inaetiie 4 fM„i|o|''?'
Nature, in orelir toconieal their Thttt, ; for, havipir ,v?
out a iettain<.Jj^iantity of Cloves when (irif rereivcdontv "^ '
tluy pLuctwoor three Hc.gthiads of Sat watt r^m,',!.'
them, which, 11: thr Space of a tew Dav', is ilriMinm .
lucke.1 up, l)y i.'ic Cloves I to tlut, u^ on opening e,tt|>
Mo',;lheiu's, they are lound ijuitc empty, while th'- Vtl{^
tliat contain theC loV( s, h.ive recovered tluir tormct Wr ■^>
By this Contrivanc'-, u l. aptam of a S|ii|>, and a .Mtu" -.
or Su|xrcargo, agreeing to'vtlur, find a Way tuvlK«'',ie
C(im;>any ot this 11 h Menhamli/A- with gr^t lanln.
1 lowever, this Piac'lice, tho* caly and expeditious, i, »|tij
extremely e'aigerous; for as the Company luv'^r vun
Spies, fo, wli<nrv< r a Man is eh t ctid in a InuJ ot i^
toif, it intalh' ly lolh him his T-ile : Of whieh t',crcl-
abi ndance ot Inllances; inlbnuah that if hasuivcnOi'
lion to call the Clovis by the Name of (JalgeithiuJ, 1 7
the Ciallowi Ipiec V th.it is to lay, the Spite that brV^ij
Man to .in ill I'.nd. The hall ptivati- Truie in t'luvsj
lookcil upon as lb tlagrant a Contraband, that thcCcnvari
s*1ll rather I'parc a Man who has broken all the- Tii (.'cir,.
mandments, tlunonc who has tlieattd them if Five Rim^
ol Cloves.

Oi this I will give the Reader, fayj our Author, r^j
Intlances, th.it till within the Com)>au ot my Knowlfir.
1 heie was a ceitJin Piovoll, or Fxuutioner, whole .V-
name I have torgot, but his Chrillian Name was J.ccm,
and he was a Natise of ImI',;, who, out ot iMalur, Jj;
a Nciglil-our ot his through the I lead. "I htrcwaj, iiti-
fame tune, .xCmnan Apotlierary, wh()f Name wa»C«
ibcr, who dealt in aromatu Oils, and had IwindiWij
to chc.it the Company of a Panel of CK.vesi thry*':;
l>oih lonilemneit at tiu. fame time, '}eaibm\o\K\\.!i,
and poor tiuntitr to W h.uip,ed. In purfuancc el uhrif Si:-
fenecs, they i ame together to the Place ejf Fxetuticn, jj
after the iiliial Time a'.lossid tor Prayers was ovc,-, .\!:
Cuntltr was fairly trullld up, and 'Jcachtm, wlia \ni,|,,i
hisKners, exp-i'tiiig the Bullet, lud his Kyes unbour.d, ill
was lint home in one of the Company's Ships. Tl.r J
time, lontinues l»r. th.u I w.is in the ln.Ua, there waiia
lets than twenty I'eoplc at a time taken up fur l'ni;ii
this kind. I lannot tell, fays h.-, ssliat Ucanic I'tfcffl,
but this I am vety . lear in, that if tlurc w.is a^ yhh-
dencc againlf them as againll the Ajiothecary, they ;.-;•
tainly met with tiis Fate -, nor would they have been Ipi,
if there had iKen twiee the Number.

The King ot yimhyna receives an annual Penf^ai 'r
tlic Company, aiul has, licfides, a CJiiard of Awc/ijI^.-
ehers mairt.untd ar th( ir F',X|>cnse-. The Inhabitartsuii'c
Ifl.ind arc ot a midiilt Siatiiic, and of a very hlae'. Cio j
plcxion. Thry arc all of thcin very la/.y, and have n^.
of them a ftrong Propenfity to Thieving ; foincofrvr,
who arc very ingm'ous, have a fingular Art of wu'iji^ I
up the Cloves, while they arc green, in to abundance o.m-
nous To>s, fiifh as Ships, Crowns, little I loufcs i;-
wliich arc iifually lent home to Europe as Prelents, »li"
efteemed of great N'alu •. Sue h ot the Jmhtyiuff a>it
fubjecl to the King, piclefs the Mobamnitian Ktl.p'>''
but there are, Ix-lidrs tht fe, a great Nu'iilxr of I :jJ-"^ I
in the Illand, who live in r!ie Mountains, and ackntw ;,■,;•
no M«fter. They ■ onfiiler ihemfelves as free; biitthcK-U
and the Con;pany look ujion themxs '■'av.igts \ a:iilisi::| |
are treijurntly guilty of l<e.>l)beries anil Murders, 1 J "'t^'
ever tlicre is .uiy of them c.iught, they are eomlcir"f-'i|
I>erpctiial Shivery, employeii 111 the hardell kinl"! \V^^
and arc treated with the utmotf Kigtuir. There iiii'-'s
on this acioui.t, an I latred not to !< exprcllallvtwet'!"^
and the rell ot thr PtDplc i,t the Idand, with whi-ni-'!
arc in prr(Ktu.il War, and to whom tluy very u"'-)'/\^
any (^iitf.r. Their .Arms arc a Sword, a BueUr, xi |
a kind of Pike or Javelin.

As to the Force which t.he Company has in .fe*-?* I
it eonfills oriieip-ally i;i the Garilba they lu^'f ■'• '
Foit, which is Very i.umciuiis, tompol.d nI Jli^''
Tioops, kept corilUiiily in cxtclknt Older. ThcKr

Chap I.

Commodore R o g g e \v e i n.

ipl

f If u fo ftmna from Art ami Nature , that it is, in a man- Flower at the Top, which is very beautiful. They p.niher
ncr, imprrgn-«>'« » in.i fo rfl.ftiully toinniaruh the liar- the Nuts, ami ilry them \ hut, in the firll J'lacr, tht'y aie
bour, tMt " •' '""r'y ""l'"1'^^''^^ '"•■ •• ^r*^'"' "• 8" '" *•'■ ''""wn mtoguick-limr i fur oihtfwilc Worms wwiU l>ree4
out without Ixinn lunk hy the taniu.n of i!»c Fort, if the in ami dc(lr.)y them, liicrc are fevcr.^l IHamis in the
Uovcinor IliouM give Orders for that Pur|xj(t-. One would Ncighbourhooil of Banda, in which Nutmegs would gi vw,
imagine, that fo rich a Commerce, .\% that of Cloves, if the Comp-iny did not tike care to have themdelli. ^ict
niiglit be a fufficKnt Return for the l':x|irnce the Company every Year, which, at firrt Siuht, may fceni iomewlmt ex-

. .L. irt.„.i. u... c^i, ;. ri..;, r- tramdinary i fincc one wouJiT imagine, that their being

thoroughly rooin out once, might prevent their Jirowing
again ; But this iJirfitulty ucafUy folvcd, when it is known,

„ „ . ''>*' ''« '^'fdi cirry them annually into all thefe Iflandij

ot Mr. fljr«.irJ, ii )wcvfr, there wasa Dif^overy inaiie of whence the Duhb llije them, properly enough, tlK;"jar-
j(_o^m(xlity more valuabi*' th.ui CoHVc or Cloves \ for, dinci-s of the Spicc trees.

ihrough hu Vigilame, it wai fcHind out, tliat in foiiie ot It is not agreed how this is performed by the Birds, tho*

^" '"" all Travellers allow, tlul it is performed by them. Mr.

I'avtrnitr tdh us, that the Nutnug being npc, fevcral
Birds come from the Illaiuls towards inc .South, and devour
It whole, Uit arc fornd to throw it up agaui before it be
digcHed : 1 hat the Nutmeg then, bermcarcd with a vif-
know how to make the heft l)(c of every thing i and, with- idus Matter, falling to the Ground, takes Root, and pro-
oiit itoubt, if the Dtilib hail fulpedul, that, licfuks Sugar, duces a Tree, wliich wnulJ iKver thrivr, if it was otherwifc
(iold anil l)iamon*l» nught have Ixxn found in Br.ijt!, tlu y plantal. Mr. 'IhcvencI .(jxiin mtorm.s us, that the Tree is
woulil not have lb lalily lurtul with that Country to tiic produieJ alter thi, manner : There are, lays he, a kind of
Permimfi, who yet, perhap.s do not draw n( ar fo hhkIi Birds in the lilaiul, that, having picked off the gn-en I luflc.
Riches trom thence, as the Hollanders would have done, fwallow the Nuts, which, having been fomc time in thdr
hid It been coniiiiucd in their Polllllion. Stomach, they void by the ordinary way, and they tail not

B.it IS the Thing tluii Hood, and they knew of no other to take Root in the I'lacc where they fall, and in time grow
Wealth than what arole from Suj;ar, I olwcco, and Dying- up to a I'ree. Tliis Bird is llu|jcd like a Cuckoo, and
wooiis, thry |irtttrr(d the Trade on the Coaft of Cua, \k- the Duub prohibit their Subjefts, under i'ain of Death, to
cwle there they were fare to meet with Gold. In I'rocel's of kill any ot them.

Time, perhans, the fame 'Thing may happen with regard There are, among the Inhabitants of this Ifland, a fort
u Tfrra Jnfiralis Incegnita : For though, at prcft nt, it is of free Burgcflls, who are called Pcrkiniirs •, and thetc I'eo-
force thought worth mmdin; ordilcovcringmorcpcrfcdiy, pic have the folc curing of the Nutmegs, which they fur-
hcrtafter, when Accideni ihews it to be richer than iiifli to the Company in what Quaniitics they think proper
I'eople ire at prcfcnt indincii tolxlievcit, we (hall (cc the to demand, for which they receive a very moderate." Gra-
Difiovery ot it prollcutcd with the utnioft Diligmce, upin tilication, and yet live much at thi i.- Kafe. There grows

isTt about thiHfland; But inch is their Care to iiiipro\e
tvfry thing to the iitmoll Ailvantage, that, of late Yearn,
(lify have cauled CotlVe to Ix planted in /tmhyna, which
is like to turn to great .Vitount. lender tiie (ioveinment

the Mountain^ there were confulrrahle Quantities ol Gold-
liuft Willed ilown by fhr 'I'orrent^ i and this Oiliovery,
It IS laid, licpurfiicd with fuch I'.ffeft, as at lall to Hnd out
the Mine i lo that the Wealth of thefe Indian Countties is
cuntinuilly growing, when in the Mands of thole who

tliegoodold Trmciple ot, Whocould have imagined lb tine
1 County (hould have been fo long negiei.'^ed ? There is
one Thing more to be taken notice of, licfore we leave ^A»-
icjna ; ami that is, a red kind of WoixJ, which is found in
thii liWi, which, befide the Beauty of its Colour, is ex-
ceedingly firm ami durable ; and, which is ftill more extra-
ord.nary, is naturally embi HiHietl in its CJrain with abun-
dince ot beautiful Figures. With this Wot^d I'ley make
Tables, CabintU.Kllritoires, and other I'iccesc. F"urniture,
of which Prelcntj are made to the principal Perfons of the
Gnvcrnmcnt, and the rcll fold all over the Indits at a very

here, as well as at /Imhyna, a lort of 'Tree called Valipittitt
from whence they draw a very rich and falutaryOil, which
is fold ai a very high Price. The llland of Banda is fo
well forcilicd, that it is thought to be impregnable -, yet,
to prevent any Accident that might happen, in cafe an
Enemy Ihould get into the I'ort under Dutch Colours,
there is always a large Sijuadron of fmall Vefiels plying
round the C(jaU, which, upon the lirll Appearance of a
flrangc Ship, immeitiaiely lurround her, and examine
whence Ihe comes, whither bound, and of what Strength.

The Garil'un is num^ :ous, but in a much wurle Lijudi*

extravagant Katcj fo that this Article is to be added to tion than any other in the Company's Service, which arifcj

thofc wc have already mentioned of the Rie hi sui Amboyua. trom the VVant of Victuals, the llland being of a barren,

^:. Ihe tiiird Government of the Indies is that of the (jiw'y Soil, producing very little i \io;l of any furt, which

liluid of Banda, fituated twenty T.e.igues from /iniboyna, is tne Realbii that the Soldiers cat Cats, Dogs and any

i ml to the South of the MoIulcos. 'I lie Governor is, gc- other Annuals that come to hand. 'The red ot their Pro-

Dajllyrpeaking, .in eminmt Merchant, who lefides at A^crj, viiions is the Tortoife, of which they have a.rcalonablc

I whifh istlic Capiul of the Country i ami he has, under his I'leijty for ilxnit fix Months in the Year \ and, after this,

I Jjrikiii:tii;i),ffveral other fmall hlands that lie in this Neigli- they think tiiemlllvcs very liajipy, if they are now-and-

l»urhooil ; The C<aintil ot this Government is fettled on th. n alile to t;et a little lorry Filh : 'They make their Bread

tiiliinie Rot with that of y/»/»o)«(;. In lijiiie of the Repie- o the Juic. of a Tree, winch relembles, when firft drawn,

I I'cntitions lent home to, and publifhed hy, the Eaji Jn.iia fie Groiini!s of Iker v bur, when dried, it grows as h.ird as

Company, this Ifland is lit forth as :\ I'l.ice very expenlive a Stone ■, yet, when put into Water, it I'wells and ferments,

1 to the Giipany •, and it is particularly rem.irked, that it and to btconus lit to eat, that is, in aCountry where there

I » fo thir.y inhabited, xs to take oil very little of their is nothing c !(o to be got. As lor Butter, Rice, dried Fifh,

|Gock1s; and, at the fame time, fo barren, as to require and other tatables, ttiey are all lent thither from Batavia,

and come much tot) dear for the Soldiers to have any great
Plenty of them. 'To iytcdk the Truth, as the Inhabitants
are m ne ol the happiell, fo, to do them hut Jullicc, they
may be l.iivi to live full as well as they defervc, fince there
is not, and perhaps tiierc never was, an honcft Man ujwn
the IiUiul.

'The N.ir.ves were fuch a Race of cruel, perfidious, and
intraet.ih!^ People, at leall a^ the Dw/iiifay, that the Com-
pany v.as lorced to root them out for their own Security,
at leal', m a great meafure, and to lend a Dutch Colony

!?vat .Supplies ot Proviliop.s : Hut all this is pure Artiliee •,
t:\uugh Handt is a vriy imall TlanJ, in Compaiiliin »)f ./».-
•v'^''< M not eonuining alx)ve twelve Leagues in Ciivuin-
Kiu.i\;, yet it certainly produces as great I'rolits to the

ICiinpaiiy.

1 Ills antes trom the imix)rt.int Commerce in Nutmegs,

phithgrow there in I'ueii prcKligious Qavntities, as to »ii-
ib,-. the Dutch to lupply all tlie M.irkets' m Europe. The
ircc which proiluces tliis excellent Fruit, very much refem-
l)" a IVartra', but its Leaves ue like that ot a Peach, ex
Cfpt tbt they arc inuller

'The Niirmeg, when ripe,
l''-;y much of the lame Si/.r .is a Walnut, ;uid'i5 covered
* •■ . twi) .Skins or Shells -, tin- lirft is very tough, ami of
f '■ } '"<:'^"^ls ot a 1 iiiger, which t.ills otf of itlelt, .is the
'•■'■■ n()ens. When it iscaniiied, it h.is a very tine 'lalle.
^'- '\ond is of a red Colour, and has a very tine Siiull :
'■''•■• Opening of rhii, the I'ruit .ippears with a little

into the Llan.l -, but then it is i'uch a Colony, as hath not
much nuikltd the Matter, king compot'ecl intirely of a
rail ally gojii-for-ncttiing People, that, not being able to
live any-where elfc, were content to come, or otherwifc
were fentenced to Ix; lent, to llarve here. 'The beft ot
it is, that their Milciy is of no lon[; Date ; for, in a very
flioit time, tliey are cariicd v?L by the Dry-giipcs, or

Twilt.

M~ ~

]

ii*^^ '

>
1,

191

The V Y A C; K S of

Book I.

(^ '■",;'

r'v-

fl.1i 1 '

TwirtinR of \\\( CiiifS whirli i^ the q'i Icmic niftrmjif r of
Ihr I imiity. Ii \s lor tliM Kt jlon, xwA hrr julc yolinH IVI-
i<>w< lluc arf Willi, jrr !.>inrtimM frnt thither by flint K< •
JatiMm, that fhf /)/i,vi>af lidl.i.ia, grmraliy J'lf 4lMnn, < 4II
tiamk -m Ifiaml of Ccrrt.'Htn Th-i only IVnpl,- who live
lolrriilily thrrr jrr thr Ni-{;riir% who wire f ttJ(«l m it W-
|i»r»' thr nmih Coiuiiirit, ami luvc lival thctrquitily tv<f

lltKT.

It. Thr\<\u\AofCtlfhts, or M.iftifir, 1* ronfulcml .w
lh« l<»urih (iovcrnmftit m the /-/t/l /".iirf I onii>4ny'i \h\\x>-
U\. It lift hrtwrrn Hcrnft atnl the Miluaas, .it fht Di
ftmuT ot aUiiit l^l) Lrapuc* ftotn Rai.r ui: Its I'onn i<
III A inannir (irmUr, ami in ni.inrtrr alvitit \ yi I.'uj.u. 1.

II n ««llr<l, ami with great Rt.if m, thr Krv ot the Spic
llliimit. At the I'lim- mir Author was tliin , Mr, .fnvrin
wai ftnt thilhrr (Jovittior, \i<x the frcoiul tiinr, to his Mil"-
fortiiiir » tor m a hirtfiiphf alter he arrival, he w.u i foneil
In .1 Uirti ot I'off.c, which Alt of Villainy was liipiiolcd

III l>r umitnittril by our ol \w S'lvcs The Form ot do-
trriinwiit lure \\ pretty rrixh the fame w in the oihrr
IdaniU. Niiwe the lime the Duub ilrovc thr rcriiij^ue/f
*i|it i>( ihrle illaml*, they have taken c.ire to l.iriily tin ni-
frbis rtlMtiially on the Sea-io.ill, ami have always a very
niiinftoin (iariloii m liic I'ortot M.K.iJfar, where the do
Vrriior irliilcsi wiinh is lli nuKh the nvirc neirtlary, bc-
tMiile this Ifl.inil i» very |m>jui'i)iis, and the People are, be-
yontl l.'nmjMrilim, thr l»r.iV(.ll ami l<-li SoMIim in tiic
hi/l Imlitt, Tins Nation tnr a lonp tinif pave the Daub
iiirxprrflible Trouble, ;uul n miered thtir Commerie very
111! .irioin : Ytt, at lalt, ilicy wire totally fiilxlun', and
ft^nd at isrelint .i» nniili in 1 ear ot" the tonipany .» any
oilier Natiofi : Thr FxpriT", howi vi r, ot maintaining the
'I'loops that are here, and the ofhrr Chargrs of thr (io-
Vrtnmfiit, are to l.ir(',e, that, till very lately, the Con;p.iny
were no unat (iainer* by their Conqtiilb, tlioiigh the
Slave tra»lr m thert vrry Unetinal.

ri»e Rrafon that thr C'(iinj\iny laid out tiich larpeSurrs
rtiid l(«.k Ii) nnich I'ains toivjfTtls thcmtifvei of this Illjn^l,
wa« in order to render it a Bulwark to thr Melu(nu: I'or
JKliitr the lall War ot AfiKuJptr, v.\n<h ei'tlrd in thr coni-
|>l(te kiiin I't the I'ower t<\ the I'rince ot that Country,
lie toumi Mr ins 10 proctirr preat niiantitic< ot Ma< e, Nut-
nie^VS ami tlove», whuh he toil to tiir h.n^iijh, aixi
ot hi r Nations, at a nniih inoic rralbiialiie Rate than the
Ihhhif mj'iiiy •, and thrretorc thty ()i)(:hr, in t;(xxi Poluy,
lo have fiipi>oittd him. The KLnd n vrry truitlul, cfin:-
nally :n Rue, whi. h is a (.'oiiimoility of f^rc.'.t Value in the
IhiIi'-'. I'Iu inh.iliifants are of a inuKilr Stature, ot .1 yel-
low tonijilixion, lutot j»(Kxl Iraiures, and areexfirmely
hrilk ami a^bve. Thr-y are naturally Thicvrs, Trait.irs,
and Murilrrers t and that to lui h a IVi;ree, that il is not
tile for any Chrillian to venture, alter it is dark, without
Ihr Willi ot the Dutch lorr, or to tnivrl .it a:iy time tar
into the Country, t.irTrar of Iv, in(. roi)bcJ and niu.JrrrJ,
than whirh noflnnf, is more ioiiim<;n. Yet there live,
under tlK I'roteclii/n oi the Duf^b Fort«, alnindance <,t the
Nalivr*. who are tree Buri;((T'-s, and rirry on a ronfidrra-
blr Irade ; as do alio thr Cimt/f, wlio fail trom hm. in
their own VidiK imo all I'.irts of t!i" Company's Domi-
nions, ilrrivinj. iinnunil- Wraith fiom their cxtcnlivc
Commcrrc.

Thr inland Country is under t'le Dominion of three
.lillrruif I'rinr.., ssho, very happily for th<: Dutib, hvc
m a conlUnt liad Iiinlligrncc witii tach other; and, if it
were not lor this, they mi'^^'u ar .my t;m.- drive the Duiib
cut ot the Mand. One ot tii-fj I'ruucs is alio llikd the
Company's kmp, b.iaufr he lives in a g'«Ki Cornl|>ond-
«inr svi'h ihrin, .iiid jromo!. i ihcir Intirrll as tar a< liei
m hn I'ower. 1 luy m.ikr him, trom time to time, I'rr-
fintsot (lold Chains, Coromtsof (ioid Irt with precious
Stone*, and t^thrr 1 hin^-s of Value, m order to keep hiin
tirady to hii Alliame, ami jinvrnt his<r,rnin^ to a \if>A
I 'ndrrllanding with thr oih; r two .Monan li^, whu ii niij-h'
Ix- .ilfrnded witli Co.-.lrtjurncrs vrry tatal kj their PoW' r
»nd Commmc. .Soaic littl- time Ivforc our Author's
Arrival ,it Rdtaxia, thnc hapiK-ned an rxrr.MrdiM.iry l-.vn.:,
Whicli, It *a, thou-ht, wuuld give a i;r-at i'urn tu the

Coinp»ny'» Aff.iirs •, and tlin w«s die nifvov-ry of a r k
(lolil Mine, whkli wa» loniiivitl to l)c if fo f,rcjt jC "
l(i|ii( lur, that not only a great NumU r ot Wodt,,;.
Inn a Diru'loi, wa< altti f> r» from fiiUavia to tarry i,ni .
Work iIh rr ; But how far this lut Iwrn aii.iuiul witli S
I r|'«, our Author wa« not Mc to fay, and prrliii i n .,
Senii that iv vrr will U- biovsn in its full r.xunt i fma *
is a Maxim with thr Dulib Eafi InMu Connuny, nrvc;-
lnull of her I'ower or Rii lies, but ratlu r to Idlm Ixjth .1
the Rr|mf ntatioiis flic makn from time to tmic tg t,
.Stall s (feneral ; Whii li ii a Caution vrry n uiraiy i,j 1
known ami rrmrmlxTMl, in order to havr ,1 jnli Nut.ijnri
tliotc .\cioiints whr h ilo not (late the Aff..ll^ ot iln tV
pany at thry rr.illy arr, but at iluy would have thiin u.;-
ilerllo<Kl to be, the I* tti r to intilL tli«;inf..!vij lo tlie Ijvi, •
and l'rot< .'tion of the .State.

The Idand of tnnittt \\ thr fifth (Juvcrnmrnt in';.
Company's Pifj^olat, ami it the moll dillant ol all i\
Fas'fofits t!ry have in the Fall ; lor which Rfaiuii t.'.y
I onfider it as a k.iid ol Fionticr. The Govrtnor is aMc .
(hint, and hat a CoukiI, at other Governoit havr oi
whom we hase Ipoken Ixfoie. This Ifland ij ore tf ih.
\fi!uaai, ol a tonlidt lablc F.xtrnt, and, ai wc oM'mnl
Ix-forr, the KiiiR ot 'trmatt is the bell Ally thcCminiy
havr. Hi^Com try would alxHind withClovcs, it. jt;'.;
Re.jiull 1.1 thr t Miiip. ny, Iw did m.t caufe iliimij'<
rooted out eV' ry Year, for whirh the C(;inpany |ny .'jo
an a/inual I'cnfion of iH or 20,000 Rixdollar,. llchiu
numiri u> l.ilr guard, a very tlrong I'oit, in which li-;
is a tlronp (lardiir, maintained by the Company. He
Kiii|5t ot iiJcrt and lUuhtan are lii> rrilnitarits. ikh
(omludid a prr|»ctual .Mliamc with the Cumpiny, tv
which he has obliged himfrll to aflill tlinn agjinll 4lltliti
I'.nemi s, which hr pritorms vrry pu.u'.tually i as, ciiii'.'
other h.iml, the Ci mpany treat lum with tie iinul
RcfjK^f, and atlotil him whatever AITiftancc he lhn.!j 1
need ot at any time. Thr llland in p/ucral is tnjilJ,
alx.umlir.g in all Sorts of I'rovifioiis, and w.'iatrver it,' a
rri]uiritt to make 1 .ifr rafy .uid happy : Yet, alter a'l, it
Cnmmrrre ot it is net very (dnfuki.iMc'. It is tnjr, t.v
C'omp.inj dilpoto there of great C^iiantitirs of Cioth, i;;M
futh dcxxls .is they rrceive from (iiunn: But, nmri.-
Handing this, thr I ortoife-flicll, ami other Commmliiia,
thi-y receive in Return, harilly amounts to asniuchjsj
ncielTary to defray the F'.x|Kiitts ot the fiovrrntiitrti hi
thrrt- IS a great Ap|H.-arance, that thr laitoiy inthisL'aii
will for tile tutiiir tutn to a K'ttir .Accuuiit, kcaiifc fi ;:.:
Y'ears ago there lias hern difi-overed there a GoU .V.:;,
much richer tlian any m t'.ie ,\teluiciii.

As to the Inhabitants, they arr a middle fi/fd I'f'!/,
(Irong, ac'tivc, ami, generally tjx-akirg, more taiiht J t.x
ar.y ol their Neighl»urs, and iiu.ch Ixtirr atfcC'tAi toit
iuropftiti!. In ix int of Religion, they arc niotl of tha
J'trX'SX!, or McbirmmfJiHij -, and of late, im'.crd, ..l'.:-
tiancc ol tlum ate iKCumc Chrillians, which is, \<:h%
ill tome meal'ure, owing to the King's declaring himltlict
that Religion, which, in the hiji Indies, and, ixrhipss
foir.r other Coiintrits, v, .1 1'omt of great Confequ'ni;;}'
wards the Convirfion ot the I'eople. Tl;c Inliabiar' cc
Innate make a kind of I'almwine, which is ex.cfej
Itrong i they call it Seggfuerr -, a very tiiiall Qiumty *
It will intoxicate a Man, and, thrrrtoir, it ls in ky
l-.flirm: Thcic arr hkewile found here a kiwi "t BA
the mod Ixautitul that can be 11 rn •, their feathrrsKOi
a'l .Soits ot Colour', .iiui fo finely divrrlitird, that it « ^'
|><)lTiblr to (oiKCivr any thing more eh irniir.g; i-') -'
commonly lent to Halaiu, where they I II at a s'cry p^
I'rire, not only on account of ttuir Rarity, an.l 1 1 i-^'
great Beauty, but ot their Docility likrwilc i fortli.yit
taught to lino; tincly, and to imitate the human \u«
There are brought hkewilr trom this Ifland ahunJi'ff «
thr Birds ot J'ar,hli/'f, of wliic h we havr fixjkcn Irgt?
Ik fore ; but it may not tx- aiiiils to add h.rr lor.twhJiis
to thr different Kmds of th.f- Birds. The tir'.l -'''^^^rrW
KininKjn Birds ot I'ltradife, of a yellow Coloi.r, ^''^''■'^■
H' dies vrry tmdl, commt-iily about rif;ht li.che^lwl--''
cluf.vcot the Ta;i, which ii half a Yard, anJfc«t»

2i . ^1

Clup.

I lie l^foml Sort Xf the Ral, the tliinl the nine,

7h tiir t..ii>(i' ti'f "'■^•'' '""'•^ '••'* "^'" ''y "'*' ''"■ ""'^

K^iutiliil »i'>l «•"■ '""'^ frtri"!-*'. mtomu. h that tlicy llilo
,tm c.-mmoiily Kingi d thr Binlt of /'./rrtJ/y> On iluir
I.fclifhiyhavcgciuTallyaLrown, or iu»tut Ic.ithas,
.hchtlify lufTa to lif H.it, or raile it up at I'lrafuir, in
.*i,'/-i„..Miuniiir with the Cai !<)ar. of ln.lia, whith u «

ihc I'lMli' llUniliT

Bnl cniirily wjiiti', dI chc Sin of an onluury I'lillif, with
lulluw t rottii m on iti I li Mil I r.»w unci, layi our Aii-
ilii.r, Jt /(w«/u;h, «)m: ct thi-lr black Birtis «)• IWaMjl;
»lii,'h WW ix.iiiifitcly Ix-iutihil, and which wa» it I'rclmt

The fixih (iovctnmfnt Ixdowcil by tin; eom|Kiny in

110 [nJiii, i» ''"' "♦^ ''"■ ^'^l"* "* ^"'' ''"/'''• ""•■ ^'^
vanor iJ ^lw-»y» one of tlic G>iinfelIor^ of the InJif, ami
hA>aCoiimil to ulTift him in the Aihniiullratioii <.| Af-
f!iiri,ii tlic rtll ol the Governors have, who are aj)|)ointiil
by the Conipiny. Tlif Cape u litiiuteil on the Coall of
f,;/r«, orcl is the moll Southim I't>int of the Cciuiiu iit
ct //r/Vtf. I" ''''■ Year uqS, it was dillovereil l.y A';/.
,4cz, It (1,111/1 ; and, in the Yeir K):^, it was t.ikm tioin
[ill- I'triuiu,' f hy ilie y^«/<-i(«. It is jullly dlirmdl oik ui
U- inoft iiniioriani I'l.icej in tlie 1 UihIsdI tlif C'i>iii|)..ny i
though if h crttaip, tli.it the ProfitJ thiy draw liom it, arc
P, [ cotniurabli' to tholc whi( h arifc from h)ine of tlit Illanils
i:ithf f.i>ji txi"! > *nJ tbrnierly Thiinjs were in a woric
'•itiuiiiin, the Rcvcnurj arifiiig from tlut Settlemc iit, tall-
irijlhortot' i» I'.x|>(.ntc. Yit it would fv iiniJoHililc tor
ihrm to carry on their Trade to the Eall Jii.lics, il' tiiey
wtrc not pfTi^^lTcii of" this I'iacc •, bccauti', at th" C ape, and
trly at tliL Cape, they uii meet with frelh Water, and
, thtr Relrt- rtinifiitv m their outwat J aiid honu'wani-bouiid
Wivjgis, which arc ab(()lutily requifite, (fpcti.tlly for (iitli
., jrc cateii up with the Scurvy, who Ickhjiu tail tc» be n -
ti.vcrd by the I Irlps they meet with here. There is fucli
, :i abumlance of all forti of I'rovifions at the Cape, that,
nttwithftaiHling the vart annual Demanil for thim, both
by outward ami liomcwaid-bouiul Ships, yet there is never
any Scarcity atili s \ but all Ships, tiut put in tiierc, meet
With the Succouis they expcf^, at a moderate I^ite.

Neither are thr Rcfrcdimcnts met with at the C.ipe ( on-
f-ncd to any particular Sort, as in moll other I'lacts ; for
hercareBcif, Mutton, Fowl, I'ruit, I Icrl^s, V\ ine, and, in
Ihoit, whatever is. rcquifite either to recover the Sick on
llnif, or to rreiuit the Ships Stores for the Maintenance of
i.c Men at Sea. In order to have a jiill Notion of the
i;:eat Imprtaiuc of tins i'lace, it will be proper to iibferve,
t'at, in tlicSpaic of a Year, at lead forty out ward -btjund
Si-Lj's touch tlurc from Holland alone \ and in thcle there
cannot be itfs ihaa 8 or ()000 People. The homcward-
bcimd Ships from the India cannot be fewer, in tlu' Space
ot lYiar, than thiriy-lix-, and on Iwaid thefe there are
i 'Jly 3000 Souls, not to fpcak of foreign VelUls, that
likrvuli put in lure, ai, I have alio all kinds of RclVefliments
furni(hcii them freely, and at reafonable I'rii cs. This mull
appear very liirprifing, when one attentively confuicrs what
fill Quantities of every fort of Retrtlliments liicli nume-
tuus Fleets mull require. But this is not all, thell- Ships ilo
not enter the I'ort, ami fail ag.iin diredly when they have
rKeiveii (he Rctrelhnients of which they Hood in neee!, but
continue there tor foni* time \ inlijnuiih that there .ire
a!ways Ships in the Road, except in the Months of A/.(v,
I'M, ami July, when the Road is dant^crous, on ai count
01 the North well Wind, which blows with the utmoll \'io-
bfc duruig thele three Months.

The kventh and lall (iovemment is that of MaLuxtJ -,
*y\-i City is the Capital of a fmall Kingilom ot ilie fame
Niine, the Inhabitants of which are called Malayans. Tlie
Governor here is a Men hart, and the Kllablilhment pretty
ir.uihthc fame with thofc in the other Governments. The
ki;igdom of Mitlacca makes the South Part of the IVnin-
wu ot India beyond the Ganges, and is dividcil from the

I gintlfland oiSumtra by a Streight, which bears the Name
w ihc Strtigtli of Malacca. The Dutch tonquen-d this
I'uce from the Portugueft in 1641, and have maintained

I ihcnifdves in tlie PoUeliion of it ever fincc. I'hc City is
Ivgr, and drives a great Trade, in confequencc of its cx-
"llcnt Situ-ition, which renders it tlic Storc-houfc and Ma-

I pEne of all that I'att of India, h is likcwilc the Rendcf-

voosofall tlie homeward Ixiond Ships liorn "Ji^fan, wli.)
here make .1 Di.lribution of their Merchaiu'i/es, and f-ntl
th-'m, in differ nt AITortnunts, to all thi C oinpany'i .Set-
tknients thrcunhout ihc Indits. Thire is one f»rear Iiicon
veniemy at .\/(i/(M,/,aiul tlut is, the Scan ity ot I'rovilions \
and even what iitob: had conlilli only of dilTcreiu klndiot
Kilh.

The Princes, who govern flie luljaccnf Ce iiiifrien, arc, ai
well as their SubjeJfs, moll notorious I'irar- , an.) dilhirb
the 'I'roilc of th • whole Indi I'hey are p.irticulariy !• ii'--

mies to the Compmy, uul lo nc (Opportunity of ilom^
\vx .Subjefts all the Milclii' Is in tin ir Power. '\'\v:y have,
however, met with f< v. ral fvrre Checks Imm the /'.//«-
)!,H,je, who were formerly elta! lillied here, a. all j fromtlic
hutch, who liav'r liiccecdeil them, which, by degrees, his
li» broken their I'l/wrr, that, at prelent, they arc lefs able
than ever to lio Mifdiief Our Author fells us that, fomc
Years before he wrof ■ his Book, he had Orders to cruifc in
thofc Seas in a fmall Ship, mounted with fourteen Pieces
of Cannon, in order to protect the Trade from Pirates, lie
hid not been long in his St.ition, belorc he met with one of
tlicle Corfairs i but, before he could engage her, flic was
joined by two of her Confi)rts. This, however, ilid not hin-
ihr him from attacking them. They niuie an obllinan-
Uefillance ; li> that the Fight continued for two Days, till,
in the Knd, he funk two of them, and the ihirel efcatK.d.
On board one of thele \'r|Uls there were three Commamiers,
that were Hrethren, who were taken up alive, and carried
I'nfoners to the /)«/.((> Setth mciif, wncre they w: re «J-
juvlged to lole their 1 le.iils 1 which, licing fixed on long
Poles, were let up in Chiribon in the Illand of Java, to ter-
rity others from acting as they h.id done.

The Inhabitants of Malaaa arc of a very dirk Com-
plexion •, but are brilk, atHivc People, and, withal, great
Robbers and Thieves. Some of them are Idolaters-, bur,
gcmr.illy fiKjaking, they are Mohammedans. It may not Iw
amifs to add here the Manner in which the Dtttih became
Mailers of this 1'l.ict : Tiny were informed, that great
Uifputes fublilled betwcjn them and the l^m^oi Johore ;
from which they immcdi.»tc!y conceived 1 lopes of reducing
it. With this View, tliey fitted out for the Streights ol"
Malacca from Hataxia a ttrong Fleet, with a great Body
of I«tnd-li)rcts on boanl ■, and at the f"ame time llruck up
an Alliance with the King of Johore, oU'enlive and defen-
five, as long as the Sun and Moon gave Tight to the
World : On which, the King of Johore aJTifled the Dutch
with 10,000 Men, and laid Siec^e to the Fort by Ljnd,
while the Dutih diflrefTed it by Sea -, .iiid yet, tor all that
the F'lcet and Army could do, they could not have taken
it by F'orce, but by reducing them by F'amin ■ ■, v.hich
would have taken up a great ileal of Time : So wh.n they
coukl not etfeft by I'orce, tlu-y did by Fraud. They heard,
tlut the Portuguffe Governor was a fordid, avaricious Fel-
low, and much hated by theCi.uifon •, lb the Dutch, by fecret
Conveyances, tampered with him by Letters, promifing
him Mountains of Ciokl, if he woukl contribute towards
their reducing the Fort. .At length the Price was fet, and
80,000 Pieces of F.i};ht were to W the Reward of his Trea-
chery, and he was to he faiely tranl'ported to Batavia in
their Fleet, and Ix- ina^lc a free Denizen there : So he fenr
liciet InftriKftions to the Dutch to make an.'Xttack on thcEaft
Side of tlu Forr, .\n<.\ lu- wtiuld act his Part -, vs'hirh was
adordiinily eioiv. 1 le then called a Council, and told them,
he had a tr.ii.d to circumvent the Dutch, by letting them
come clof: to the Foit-w.dls, .ind then to lire brilkly on
them from all Qiiarters, and deftroy them at once. So the
Dutch made their Approaches without Molcflation, and
placed their I .aditers. The Garifon lent Melliigc after Mef-
lage, to aciiuaiiit the Governor of the Danger they were in
for want of Orders to lire, and tally out on the Dutch, ns
was agreed in Council i but h? delayed fo long, nil the
Dutch got into the Fort, and drove the Guard Irorn the
F".ilt CJate ; which they loon opined, to receive the rell of
their Army, who, as loon as tli<y w.recnrcrcd, gave C^iiar-
ter to none that were in .'\rms ; ,inJ, marching towards the
Governor's 1 loule, where he thouj;ht himfelt Itciirc by the
Treaty, they forthwith difpatchtd him, to lave the 80,000
Dollars.

The

vllii

iirl

i :\m

R, !•''.■

((■1

'94

Till Pcriugutfi-, to nitw their

7k' V O Y

lkH)k

iluy

M.ilh'

)t MlLUiily

7.<-3\ to RdigioiS wl'iii' witliin ".ts Jiirillli^tion -, lor, in Cr;ir..)iiJe!, tiit- /■.«./,/. jr i
l,.ul no Ids tha'i rlirtc /Xi-v.v li.ivc a Slurf , .wul h.r c built ftvirjl i^ooj |.'ur,f^(,-.

t'lmiihcs .iiv.l a Chai^cl within the

I'ort, a:-,.! one \vi

thmtt. tor tin- I'r.itciltion of tluii J i.uic

'lh.it, vv

coi

hich the /)»-vi now ul tor t!u-

>f,.iaiouily on the Top of an I Iill, ami may be Ucn no
,.. .lown the Stici.;h.. at a^no.! 0.11. n,c ; ami a Mag-ttatt
js placci on the Ste.ple, on which a lla;^ is ho'.tkd i-n the
Sii'ht ol any Ship. The Tort i;. Inith iaiiTe aii>i ilion;;. tlie
Sca-.valhin'; the Walts ol one-t!nrJ I'ait ot it, ami a c.trp,
rapui, bill nariinv. River the \Ne(l S,.le ofir, and a broai ,
ilccp Pitth the leli ol it. The Governor's I l.mle is Iwth
bfautitul ami eonvenunt, am! t!ii r.- arc lever.il otirr gooti
MoiiUs in the foit, an.l in the Town without the fort-,
but the Raul is at too {^rrat a Diiimee to be iKteiHleit by
the Fort, the Shallowndi ot the 5va ol^ligini; them lo ,ic
above a l.eagu, otf i whieh i. a very great Inconvcnuncy :
For, in 1709, the / rmZ., coniint; into the .Stivights with
a Squadron ot three or tour Sail, ami feeing a large Si-.'.p i:i
ti;e RoaJ newly arrive ! Ironi Jupnii, ft'.nKl in to the Roa..,
;uid haJ. uit-iiiily tanu.l htrou:, if the Wiml haJ notlail.d
tlicni .iboi:t Mufijuet-lhot from lur. At MaLtad^ tl.c
Strcii,!i;s arc not aUive four 1 ea^^u.s bro.ui ; for tho* tli.-
oppoiite Sliore on !<u'naliii r. very low, \(t i: may e..l'.ly be
lien in a char Pay \ wliicli 1^ the Realon the Sia i'< always
as limioth as a Miil-jxmJ, exc cjit it is milled witli Squall!, ot
Wind, wi.Kh U.Wum tome without Lig'itning, Tliundcr,
;ind Rain ; and ilv)' tii.-, (oiiic with g;cat N'iolcncc, yet
liuy aie foon over, olt.;; not txcudirg an 1 loi;r.

The Country pro>!u:\s nothing for a For. ign Mark'f,
except a iittle Tin .:nd IKplia-its Teeth ; but fevcral ixcel
lent Fruits and Ro.us lor the life of tlic Inb..!bit.uiLs ai„l
Strangers, w!io call there for Retreilinient 'I'he .If.:.'..-!!*!
Fin;:-app!e is aaour.tcd the Ixil in tlu Woi'.d ■, for, in utinr
Fbff<, if they aic eaten to a fnull Fxtd's they air apt to
qivc Surfrii-i i but i!u,fc of Mit.'iiua never oflVnd i!i • Sto
m.ich. Tlie M.irigortane is a drliiious I'ruit, alinolt in tht
>i\u\K of an Apple ; tiic Skin is thi^k .iiid red ; king dried,
it is a gootl Aliiingent ; the Kernels ;il I may loi.d! them)
arc like Cloves ot (larlick, of a v^ry agrecabli Talte, but
very cold. The Rxr.bollan is a I ant ..U)ut the Hignefs of
.. Walnut, witi; a tough Skin, bvf.c with Capillaincnts ;
within the Skm is a very fivuury Pulp. There is an higli
Mountain to tl.c No: tii call ward ot Malacta, that finds
iorth fiveral Rivers, ot whicli that of Ma'.aua 1$ one -, and
ail of them have fmali Qiiantitic- ol (iokUlull found in
their Ciunels. Tiu- in!ai-.d Inhabit.antv, called Mc».iui-
i'oes, are a turbaroa', CavagL- Fcopk-, whuf: greatdl I'l'.a-
lure is in v'.oing Millhif to their Ncighlviurs 1 which js tlie
grivtcl^ R;afjn why t.'ie P^afai.ts alxiut Maldua fow no
Cirain but wlu: i^ intloffl in Gardens, with thi.k-fct pnckly
1 ledgt.5, or deep Ditelies •, for when the (Jrain is ripf in
the o].en Flams, the Monacaimes never liil ot letting Fire
10 it, in order to tt.n<uine it. They arc much whiter th,iii
their neighl>)uring Miu'ayvij, wlw inh.ibit the low Grounds ■,
.in.l thv Kingol/ffosrc, whole SuljecU thty .arc, 01 at Uall
ought to he, ixiuid h.veriivdue them. We h.ivc nyw
jialTcd through all the liven (ioverniiicnts, whieh are in the
Gilt ol tiic ])u!,b J-.iiJi India Company, winch are a kind of
FiiiKipaft.ij, fnte, with the Advice .uid AITiHance of his
Council, ev^iy Governor i« .1 kind of .Sovereign, and a. ts
without Cunttoul, tlu-ougiieiiii ih^ whole- Extent ol his Ju-
litUie'hon.

34. Tht Company, asir carries on z pxat Tra;ie through-
cut all tile Imiicu h.*.'. ukcn caie toeaabiini Satlcnieats ur
Fa(5lories in all t!;e Countncs, where rh.ir Afiairs rajuiic it ;
and in taeh of tbj'.; Fador-.e-. or Settlement', there i^ a
Chief, with lt>me Title or other, with a Cjuneil to fup. r-
intend, j.s w;il the Affairs of Fghcy, as t.'iol- ul" C<,m-
tiHrcc. The Uin eti.ries o; CcrcmnK.id, Sural, liexga!, .ind
Pci/m, aie all ol ih ni ol gnat C'lmfequeme, and tlie IJi-
reitiun ot tlieiii attcmicd witli g;. at Frofit. Th : Dire(!-tors
havi, within the Fxtent (if liicir rel|Hetivc Junfdicbons, the
fame I'ower with tiie Company 'i G(jVern')rs. Tiie lolo
DilUnciion Ixtwcvn ihcni is, ih.it the Director cannot cxr-
<ute .ir.y criminal .Sciuence m the Country where herefu'i-,
but mull caufe it to be don-.- under the Coiiipar.)':, Mj" , fo
• ■ut all dimiiuh are here ex-cut-d on Ixjani a Ship. 1 he
Dir. etory of C^nmanJcl is th: lull ot the iiur, ai; i !..is the
Fort', and lacturies belonging Vj the D::iti\ u: 0:1 that Co.ilV,

Worrtiip, iVuids 'IheComiany hivi, lu tw!t!il»andin<r, a v

fty coiiiidf

able Intercil m this I'.irt nl lnJ.ti: Hefidcs Nc'^iifaun, \\\;
lies i.n the Soiiihern'oll I'oini ol C.urr.iiimtdc!, .mJ t|,pp ".
iMliii'!.!)!,!, ill wlneh the Dird'tor reHdes, thcyluvet-
I'ai'loriescf G'wfwc/iii/'ww, SuJirf/'iirniim, Ma!i,'pc,'ium /'
/.•Vc/, Daljkcrom, BcnlifpiUiuim, Na^nnnuty, and (uoCnU
The whole Ivxtent of the Lo.ill, Irom l^'tgopatan to Af, V
tipiititn, m.xy boalxjut it o f.eagiies. 'Fhc Dutch I)irj;„r
is apiiiicipal M.-rrehaiit: I It li.is a Cmincil abuut hiiti; aj-'
if he difchargcs hisOlllcc with Reput.ition, he iscommor, •'
after a tew Year?, chofen one of the Counfcllors of ih? /i.'
dies. This i-i a very wile I'roVilion in the Man.i"emcr'f/
t!ie Co:iii-.'.ny"s AlVair", thit the Honour and K.mk ofi
Coiinfcllor ot" thr /;:..';(•', iho' a I'oll of much lefs IVi>f.;tVn
th.it of a Direi'lor, or a ti..vcrnnr, makes it afpird to sj
fueh, as are .ilreaely in imich more profitable Fiiiplivmi.yts
for it IS not a vcty extr.iordii;.-iry tliinp in the lnii:ii,:\
Governor or Diicetor to luap up, in t!ic Space- ol'afw
Years, an l-d\ate rq.ia! to tlu original Capit.il of the /-,,?
/«(//(» Company, tliat i', (ix Millions of (.iuildcrs and ui'.!-';
which amounts to upv..uds of hall a Millitui St r! n..-, (>.!.'

Author f.iys, it was well known in his Time, th.ll^I^■"...•
Z>;_/tl?<■)^, llfi.'m,tii, S:::/:ntd/krc(,)i, P.'.trr.u, an.i v,m (,, .,
acquired prodigious loitiii.cs in the 'I'inie that thfvu.r'
Diredtors or (inveinors. Theie are .ilfo l..nie l'li>cs.i; if;.
/.7;;,: lo V( ty prolitable, tlint, when tlie pnacip.il Mi-nhar;
.ire pofliirr! of thrin, thiv of:rndilinc the Pigrity i;
Counlellor 1)1 the In.'.Cf, briauli, however great ai'^l b
nourable it may Iv, the f'rofits tli.it attend it are Imt Iii;.:i
in comp.uifon of what may Iv,- gainaJ in Uhih- of tliele lij,-i
tivf iMnpioyment'. Thole in Riilovi.i, that brin;^ Iniiii!!,
.ire tliP S,:!>uH.U> or ( hit f of tin- Cii'.l' )iii-ho>,ifc •, "tli;- IV.i
ot tht S.a ■, tht Drolfird ot the low Counuies ; ,A1I wli.'.
biipg in ptixhgioiK Wcaltli.

I leretotore the Country of Coromaitl-IWln" Sm'xi :rM
a great Niimbir of Frincipalitirs, thef; litik Pnn;,,i,:
Chiets laid tilth high Piitirs and, in otiicr refpei'ti, g.vr
tiich IntiTii.-]itions to Tr.ule, as made the /)«,•./> v.rv..-.
eafy •, but, alter t!u War of (ioIicnJii, whieh coft theC--
pany a great deal of Mnn y, but (n.led at Lift tothtirA.'-
vant.ige, thcle I'rinrcs prew mc^rc tr.ict.ibit titan furni:-:v.
.\t prcfi-nt, the Kings of fiijt.ixttr and JLrJin^it, who r
th;- mi l\ ;-i)w.-rtul mCcror'i.m.lel, bve on pretty gix'i! 1^:-;
with the Du.\b, and other l-urop,\:>:s . The great In.::
carried on here is in Cottons, Mtifliiv., Chinr/cs, and ':^h
kirn! of (loo.'s ; in l-".xchang'- for which the Dalib '.-'■'i
th:m Spiers, J,ip,:>i Copier, Steel, Go.il ('ult, Sar.uilii
Siampan-wooils. The Inhabit.uits of the Cour.try an.'!!.-.'
oftlicm I'agans, fome .VkiiM-w/Hcj'rf/rj, and not a IcwLI.'f-
tians. IXjnng the FalV .Monloem, th;- Weather is cxcfr •
mgly hot 1 yet the Country is very fertile in Ri:e, la:,
1 leibi, and whatever elf- is ncelia'y tor the Siijyrt :
Man. All the M.inu!ai.''lures ot this Country .ire tr.j.fjv':--
in rhr Company's Maps to H(i!,iiu, fioni whence thvi-
li-nthomc to /hl!a>u!, at.d thence dilliilnited throiig'seut .'.
Germany., and the Nonh,

The fecond and thirl DinC'tory are fixed, the f'-":"! :;
Ohglui en t!i': (Janj^is, thirry fix i .(-agues fmni th. .Na.:
ot that River , the oihtr in tlie City ot Smm^ With ;i '
'FenitorKS (it theOriat Mogul. '1 lujfc two HI. sJ- '■ '
mod confi.leiablt tor 'Frade in all .I/1.1. The /) ■ .s, .'V
Itjh, Irtiiib, and oth-r l.iirop((V!!, ti.itftcl: to both, anJb"
erei'tcd I'oifs and M.iga/ in' /. fir ih'ir S.. urity a.ull.J.v,
nitnre. I'he M\ Fait of the Fr.idc is earned 0:1 by Stp
.Merchants who deal mall fjris of rich Goals ■, 'I'd'. 1*
Opium, I'l.utK.n K, rich Stufli, .md .ill kiiuls ot I. :■'
Cloth... The Kmpne of'thefire.tt Moj'ui isofarf'e ^
!■ xient, and <hc Countries undtrhis IXiminion ,arei:.''.ccr..':
the rich, 11 in the V\ otld. 'Fhc .-Xif is tolerably p'-r-. ''■'-
yet ilie Head.-aJi, and 11 kind ol malignant Fevrr, atia^!^
iiK^n here. 'Fhe fitter ;';.neially .ittae'.s Sir.mgers, an- "
kindof Italoning Suknc!";, in which, if the j'aticnt c:.;;<'
the thud Day, he, geni rally fpeakir.g, reiovMs.

Mol! ot tlie Inhibitants ol this Cooiitry arc tall, -»*■
robull Men, and ot a gay, lively Dilpofition. '"i-'J
R-ligio;., they aie many ot them Idul.itcr^, more et ;..'^

Chap. I.

Commodore R o g o e w p. i n

Z9^

Md'itmmdT'U anil fo:iv.- of them Cliriflians -, but, after Favour, and by gnnting tliciii trmny I'rivilegcs : Somo

■'ll jiijt ol M"'amm£d is tlic piwailing Religion. As for time before he had fcnt a l-'ref-nt td the; Dutch Govirnor-

dic Iilolati T", th y arc ij'lit into abundance - '' Sirts, fonie General at Ratavia, of a CJnId Saddle, very richly wrought,

etVhich believe nrmly in ihcMetcmpfychofis, or Tranfnii- and atlorned witli precious Stones, (k-riring, in Exchange,

B'ition of Souls , and, tur tl\is Kcafon, they will not take an European Habit for himfelf, ami another lor his

iwjy tiic I ■''• '" *"y ''^'"''' Creature, not cxo'pting Mcfis -, Queen.

inlbmuch that tSey dare not kill a Ma or a My. They '1 iiisCity is but a difigrceablc F^lace to live in, fiiire, ii

tvcn tttM!h Hofpitals for the worn-out Oxen, ami old j4ugujt, it \% fo intolerably hot, that there ii no Ixaririo

Cows, where they are fed and attended, till thry dicof Ag.- it ; and, in the VVinter, it is fo very cold, that they nm

iiid Difeaffs. Thefe I'eople arc, in gciural, very imhii- only wear Enir!iJIj Cloth, but lire it with Furs. They

trious 1 bi)t, withal, covetoas, falfe, and perfidious to the have here Bfick-cattle, Shee|i, Goats, I'owl, and liib,

lilUicgrf''- 'i'hey have one Cutlom amonglt thcin, whieli very good in their Kinil, and tolerably cheap : They have

iscqiully lingular ami barbarous j and that is, laying Am- likcwife (iraix's, Melons, and M.irgoc?, in the utiuofl I'er-

buladcs to entrap ;ind make Slaves of eaeh othen in which
whenever they fuccecd, they fell the por Captive to a to-
ra-n Merchant, and commonly at a very low Rate. Thiy
tm-'oy themltlves, when th.-y rcli ie in Towns, in the
Si!k Cotton, and Linen ManufaJlurcs ; and, in the Coun-
try,' the)' cultivate their Fl.imations with the utm(jft Dili

fccfion : I'hey have likewifj exolL-nt Wine, clTeenied, by
the bell Judges, iiiperior to that of all otjier Countries ;
and, as a Proof of this, it isalV-Tt'il, th.it it will bear four
times its l^iantity of Water, and (lilj preferve a very rich
Flavour. The intelline Wars in Pf>Jta rag tl to fuch a
l^cgree, when our Author was in the Imiies, that it was
BUice and Care : So that th-y annually tranfport proiligious thought requifite to leave a Ship conftantly at Gambrcon,
Ou,intitics of tirain from hence to Halaiia. to carry ofl' the Fartory, in cale it was in Danger.

The Great M gul i.s one of the riehell and mofl; power- Another Inconveniency to the Commerce on that Coaft,
i'ljl I'rinies in the World, has always a numerous .\ iniy on was the Multitutlc of Pirates fwanr.ing in thofe Seas, which
Foot, and a moll niagiutkent Court ; the Dinchirs of were chietly Europeans, who, after running aw.iy with
Bm'.i/ and 5«ni/ know perfcrtly well how to deal with their Owners Ships, fubfiiled by robbing all oth?r Nations.
hii, and by making (hewy Prclcnts, to extract Diamonds Amongll th Ie, our Author informs us, was the Hare^ a
ami other precious .Stones in Return. Sural is a Town of llout Ship fent from Butavia to Perfia •, the Crew of which
no great Antiquity, fcarce one hundred Years olJ at this mutinied in the Voyage, and forced their Officers to turn
Day, but very large, and immcnfely rich. It h in Com- Pirates, 'i'hele Fellows, after committing abundance of
nil's about five Miles withm the Walls, and the Number i;l Ravages on this Coall, fai!.-d for the Red Sea, where they
hihabitants arc computed at 200,000. Tiie A/i)»r//2) and attacked and plundered many ot the y-.V'(y;V;« Pirates; at
(vcn the Ww«Mcrcltaats are many of them protligioully latl, tiiiling thend'eivcs ihijrt of Provilions, and not daring
ntii. The former addicl themlclves chieily to tlie Dia- to pur iiito any i'ort, they refjlvai to return -, but, finding
11101x1 Irade, which is very precarious j for lo.netimes a thenil, Ives flioit ol Water alfo, they rel'olvcd to fupply
limli Stcxk produas an immenfe Fortune, whereas, at themfelves in a neigh' curing lll.tnd : With this View they
oihcrs, a Man walks imn:entc Sums without tinding Stones hoifled out tiie Slialloj', iiiio which moll of the Rebels
<j| any gixat Value 1 tor, at the Diamond- mines, they crouded : This gave in Ouportuniiy to the Officers who

were ielt on ho.ird, to relu'iie their .Auhoritv, fo th:'.r,
making tkiulilves on-e inoieMalUis of the Ship, they
cut the Cable, and brought her lafdy into the Marbour of
Ciambroon. I5y this means the Ship and Cargo was prc-
Ijrved to the India Comp.iny, or rather reflored to thorn.
Su.h of the Mutineers as were brought in, weic hanged ;
and the Otbcers, who had given this convincing Pn of of
their Integrity, were nobly rewarded, aiid intiulled with
the Care of the Ship b.ick to H,ita,-:j, where Ibe arrived
fiUly.

In the Year 1701. the HnUoirdcs, who had rdillcd
againll the Schah, attempted, with a Body of 4000 Men,
to make themfeives Mailers of the E'tg'.ilh .nnd Ditteh
Factories at Gainhrocn -, but we;e beat at both Places -, but
the Diitth, having a War^houie at fo:iie Dillance frOin
their Factory, in which were(i<!<i''> to the Value ot 2..\coo
Pounds, it lell ad into the Ffeuies IF.nJs. A fbort time
alter this, th- famous Rtbel Mniweys, made himlelf
Mailer ot lifalwi, wlierc he plumlrred both tiie iV^/;/*
and Dutch l-aiorius ; taking from tlu- former Goods to
tlie X'alue ot half a .Millivin St- rhng -, and, tioin the latter,
Flfevls to the \alue of 2('\o.io I'ounds. H '.ving tinilhcd
the .Account of the Direclories we ihail pr.^eed next to
the lefllr Settlements.

{^. As it 1'. ruiiiillte to have a Sulioriiination in Com-
mands, the Eajl Indui Comp.iny have thought fit to eda-
bhlli, in liicli I'l.ices as were not tliought of Coni'ei)uencc
enough to require tither a Govern;)r or a l.lireclor, another
pri'iiipd ()ffi( r, with the Title of Commander, or Chief,
if the I'lrlon, veiled with this .Vuthoriry, be a iV lehant,
he is accountable for his Condu('l to the civil Government ;
but, if a Captain, then he is under the mdirary Fllablilb-
ment. A Coininander, or Cliief, h.ith pretty rear the
lime .Authority with a (toverivir, that is to lay, in Con-
juiKlioii wim hisliiuncil, exeept in criminal Cafes ; for a
Coiumand' r, or Chief, cannot execute any capita! Judg-
ment, till it has been r> viewed and conlirm.d by the
C oi.iu 1' of fhitavia, T'he Commander at the Fprt of
Coel'in, on the Co.ift ol Mauihar, was Captain 7k/,w dc
Goln.iz, a Native of .Vfcf/t.WV«ri^, at the time our Author
wa^ at the Indifs, liom whom he received I'lvat Civilitiis.
MaL'i'ar wa* the tullComitrv ihe Poitn^iu-fe difcovered in

the

purdul'e ib n^.imy Y.irds Square, at a certain l'ri( e, and
pay the Slaves who dig an.! fitt the F'jrth, and t.ikc what-
ever StorK's arc lound 111 tli.it Spot •, which liimetimcs are
111 ^',rcat Value, and Ibmetiines are but fmall, and fo f.w
c; th m, as not to quit Cofts : Other Alconjh Merchants
lifil largely in lonigii Trade ; and, as the Moj^ul is a
vry ealy Mailer, to there are fome of them tli.it arrive at
liKxiigieiisNVcakii, .md carry 011 lueli .1 Commerce .as can
iiarce Ijccrniitevl in t'.itrope. About twenty Years .igo
fere ilieil a .Uc^r.yi Meri lu'.t at Sural, who fitted o.it
ai-.e.iully twenty Sail ot Sliips, from thriv to eight hundred
fun; the Cargoes ot wliich ran from ten to twenty thou-
laiiil I'oundi, and he hid .ilw.ivs (Jooels in his Magazines
iqul 111 Value to wli.it he fr.t abroad. The Cufioms of
.^sTd/ amount evi ry Year to ujiw.irdsof 160,000 i'ounds,
sr.(i, as the MerJiants pay there at a Medium three /'tv
Cm. the Value ol the Goods amount to upw.irds ot
5,eof),coo I'ounds.

The fourth »nd lall I'.ielory under a Diredor i.^ that .1'
(knitircn, or ILi:du> Jlniffi, on the Coall K,i Verfia. 'I'lie
P;rci.'tor is a priiicip.il Merchant, and h.is always a Council,
Ji.l a filial to aibd him. As this Cuv Hands on the
*'i:lphot /Wjird, and is the only Port which ihv Pnji.:>t
Muiiaah hath on the Ww« .Sea, it lies .it a great !>;-
(lance troni Bitta.ia, which is one Realon why this Di-
rKiioii IS not Ib much lought .is others : but there is an-
iitlicr more potent Realbn, \vliich is this ; that the 1 ieat is
greater there than in any other Place in the World, and
ttit .\ir execlli.ely unwhollbme. To balance theie Inom-
vcniincies, die Diieetor of Ciw/re^w h.is an Ojipditunity
1^1 making, in a lliort lime, a vail I'ortune •, lo that foim-
who have iK-en in that Direction four or five Veufs, have
acquired fuch Fllatis, .is rendered it unnecelfuy for thnn
'xriik-eni themfeives any tarther in Comnuree. Iherc
- leveral oi\m Eurapeun Nations lettled there belides th;
"W'/'i but they have by tar the bell I'adtory, and have
'"n_^ie; It lo dlectually, that though the 1 lig,li!.uuhrs m
I''' Ncigh'eourhood, who are a Crew of bold a.id badurous

n L-"''"^' "'"" •'"•"■'^''''y<'' they nev.r could mailer it.

n" King 111 I'ltjia, who reigned at the time our Author

waMhrre, i.iinr loineunvs in (,,iiiil/roon, and dilling,ui(heii

'"■' ^"-f* ""i" other N.itioiis by tae many M.ii ks of his

Z96

The V O Y A G

Book

t J ■

the F.aft Mi(\ an.1 m which they fixcil thcintclvis:
They were not able to ilo this witliout a great EHufion ot
Blooil i nor were tl»ey many Years in FolFeflion, b< lore tlu-y
were driven out hy the Dutch. YM'c ia(l Conqiie-ors
found it a veiy liiiriciilt Matter to (upport thcnilelvcs
agiiinrt t!ic Natives, who att.ukid tln-ni with grc.it Spirit,
ami hail at Hrll lo much Suecels, tiiat, if it liaii lu.t been
tor the Courage aiid Coniiikt ot Maior John IWijman, tliry
had intallibly been lirivrn out ot tins Country, whicli,
liowevtr, with nuK h ailo, he pn lcrvv-<i.

The Coa(\ ol' Mahlmr hath in Kxtent alxwt an hundred
and lilty 1/ agues, and is in Breadth about twenty, fhc
C liinatc, thougii very w.irni, is very whollbnu- ; tiie Soil
alfo IS Itrtile in Rice, 1-ruit, and all .Sorts ot Herbs.
This Country is divideti into aliiindance ol linal! I'rincioa-
hties •, among wiiich, tiie toliowing haw the I'ltle ot
Kingdoms -, '.iz. Qinaron, CJnut, Cranj^nnor, Ccuchin,
Cilueuhiiig, I'vruuoulang, and 'Ira-. anker. As the Ca-
pital ot ihe Dutib roildiions in tins Country is the City ot
(Aiuchiti, we lliall particularly diltnlie that litrle King.:oin.
Ft reaches Irom Gfc/w/i, about twenty tour l,e;iguei to t!ie
Southwarvi i and, on the Coatl, is divided by the Rivulets
that run troin the Mountains ot Gtilti, into a Multitude ot
linall Iiku!-. -, a.-.d thtlL Rivers ha\c two great Mouths,
orOuilets one at Coti.lvii, and (he oth'.r at Cranganort.
■| he rirrt/:i.«/.''i''> that I'eitird \n Coucbin were the Por-
iH^ufji, and tluy built a line City on the River-lide, alxjut
thrti l.e.iiJ,ur$ tiom the -Sea i but the Sea gaining on the
!-ind yearly, it i<. not now aliovc one hunvltcd Pacei trotii
It. It ilaiuls To plealantly, tliat the Porlugutjc had a coni-
imm f'aying, I hat Cl'iiut was a Country to get Money in,
ami C.cudui w.;sa I'lace toi',xnd it in ; tor the gr.at Nuni-
Ivrs ot CanaU lorni( d by the Kivtrs and Iflands, made Filh-
mg and Fowling very divtrung, and the Mountains are well
Itored with wil.l (iame. On the Inliile oi Buypin Illami,
there is an old Fort, built by the Porluguejf, callal /'.//-
hapcrty to inf[vcl all IJoats tiut go Ixtwcen Cran^ancrt
and Ccudin \ and, live Ltagii- 5 uj) the Kiviilets, is a
RoMijh Church, called P'arapclu Jerved by l-rcnch and
It,\Uan IVu-lU ', and, when a Billiop conies into thole
I'arts, it is the I'lace ot his Rclidence. 1 he I'adre, Su-
perior ot I'arapoli, can raile ujion Occafum 40c>o Men, all
Chnftia',1 ot the Church ot Heme; but there arc m.uiy
more ^t Thomas Chril^ians, that do ncx comnuinicate
witli thcife ol Kenif. About two Le.igues tartlu r \i\\ to-
wards i!ie .Mountaiii-S on the .'nde ot a I'mali, but a deep
Kivei', IS a l'la( c.illrd I'lrdal^c, \vh re the Inhabitants ot
<.V;<f Zi;>r g''n"raliy alitinble to retrefn themk-lvcs in the hot
Months ot .//t;/ .eui May. 1 in Banks and Bottom of the
River ate clean S>n,., and the Waf r lo clear, that a fmall
i' bble-llone iiuy be fecn at the Bottom in three 1 ithoni
Water.

'\'\v: Water of this Cinintry, from the Sea Coail to
Craufatiort tn .■■/. .biJreas, whii.h is about twelve Le.igui .,
lus a Very Ixid Quality of caufing in tl;e JJiinkers ot it
fweilcd 1 -egs v loine it at^eds in one Ixg, and fc -e in
both, (i tlut their Leg ue alx)ve a Yard alxiut .
Am!e 1 it caulcs no Pain, but itching ; nor iloes the i li k
I .eg ted heaviir than the liiull one, to tholi: who have
them. But the Dultb.dCouihin, to prevent that Mdady,
fend Boats i'..i;.y w larapoli, to lade with linail jwnable
Caiks <;t ten or twelve l:r^:ij}} (Jalloas, to iLrve the City.
The Company's Servants have their Water tree ot Charges,
but '"'ate I'eilims pay Sixjiciiec /i^r Cask, if it is brought
to HouUs; and yet, tor all that Precaution, there

are K,th /)«/('.' Mdi and Women troubled Aith that Ma-
lady, and no iniaiiS has Ixui ytt touiid to litai or pn vent
It. 'ihe old l.(Rend5 impute the Caull of thfle Iwclled
i,«gs to a Curie .St. -lU-iai laid ujKm his Muidncrs, and
Jhcir I'olltntv, as the odious Mark they (hculd k- diltin-
(■uirtied by. But St. limas was killed by the filni^ut
i'tiells at MciL'iiipcrt, en Cormnajd, .ilwve 4(^0 Mile,
ilill.iiu troiii this (.".all, .ind the NatiVis there hav. uy
J'oucli ot tlii^ Malady.

(:cUii:n IS wallicd liy the grcateft Outlet nn this Coafl,
.md, Ixir.g to near the Sea, makes it flrong by Natuit,
but Art lui not bttii wanting to t>rcngthcn it. Tlie Lity
buili bv tlic Pc'tuguffe was .ilwut a Mile and .111 halt loiu,
and a Mile broad. The Dutch Ujjk it trum the Foitugu^ic

about the Year 1662. when Unikff rjan (iimz was (, .

lural of the D«/k/; Forces by Land, and Cunini(,,!y,f ,/"

Fleet by Sea. The Infoleiuc of the Poriugure liaa mja".

te\eral neighbouring Princes Ixconie their Fnciiiie?, who

joined with the I'lutib, to ilrive tlu in out of their Ntich.

l>ourhood 1 and tlie King of Com bin, pai'irularly, afliilpj

with io.uoo Men. The Duli.b had not long inverted th-

I'own, bctore i\m Cdonz received Advice of a Peace cor.

eluded between Perlufiai and Holland; but that he km a

Secret to himf It. I Ic thtretore, having made a Breach m

the weakell Part of the Wall, proceeded to a turiom

Alfauli, tor eight Days and Nights without I nttrnnnioii

and relieved his Allailants every three Hours ; but xk-for-

lu^uelf, keeping their Men continually fatigucJ, .ir„l m,

Duty all the while, and tinding the City at iail m Danger

ot being taken by Storm, c.ipitulatcd, and drliverni upthf

I'lace. In the I'own there were 4O0 'fopi^jfa, who h.!il

done the Periiipir} jrcod Service, but were not con; re

hended in the Treaty : As loon as they knew (,| ^

Omifl'ion, and iheCiuelty and lacentiouliiels oithr ihi.i

Soldiery in Induu th<y drew upon a Pande withi- dii-

Port that the Poriugiiffe were to go out ar, and. the Dii:.[ to

enter in ; and Iwure, that it iliey lud not the lame Fivcun

and Indulgence that were granted to the Poi:uguc.t, tiirv

would malfacre tlu in all, and let Fire to the 'lown. r:if

Dut(h (leiieial knew hu own Inierell too well tadenyv^la-,

they itefired ; and oH'tred, mo-eover, to t.ike thole, wm

had a mind tolcive, wio DutihWw, whicii many ot the,:

accepted. I he very ixxt Day alter the y-^.v/Mud I'tf.

felfion, came a Fiigate Iiom Goa, with the .Artid ?ot

Peace ma«.le »!;h Holland -, and the Pcrluguffi cunipa„n;;

loudly ot the Cnneral's unfair Dealings-, but wei, ir..

Iwcred, that the I\rt:iguefe had adtd the tame Fuac ic-

wards the Dk/i^, at their tikiiv^ l-ern,imlui.g in Hrijfii ii(<ii

Ycu-s Ivtore. I'he Englijb had then a Factory in (.'««. i if,

but the Diitih oidercd them to remove, with their Lik;.-,

which they according did, to their F'aittory at Ptniuui.

As tcKin .15 the Dutch Ixcamc Mallei s ot tl.c City, ih.-i
thought It was too large ; and fo conir.iC'led it to wiut ;; i
now, Ix'ing hardly One-tenth of what it was. ItiSabcL;
600 Paces long, ami 200 broad, t'oiutied with I'lVenlaret
Balli.jns, and Curtains lo thick, that two Rows of Lir^;
'J'rees arc planted on ihem tor Siiaiic in the hot Sealer.
Some Streets built by the i'er/i/^cyi' arc Ihll Handing, witii
a (.liu.ch lor the /)«/r£> Servici-, ami a Cathedral, iw»
turi.ed into a W.irehoule. Tlir Conimandcr's H«.v,
A huh is a luiiely .Structure, is the (,nly 1 loul'e bmt at: :
the DutcO Mode, ami the Rivci walliis fome Parto:.;i
Walls. Their FhigflaH" is pliceil on the Steeple uf the o!i;
Catliedral, on a Malt ot leveiity-live Icct high, and J.'^ui
at the Top ot it .ilKiut lixty leet •, and th,- Mag r.',iy x
feeri above tcvrn I .e.igu( s otf. The ( union :'■ ncrsllv cor-
lilts of p>v tfiective Men, and I'.oin Cajx: Cmmi c;r
wauls. Fhey are ;U!owed in all tluir Forts .uul Factor.ci
51X) S. idlers, and louScamn, all Aura/'ww, l)e!i.li-slb.".i(
'fipajfa, and the Miiitia. I'hey h.ivc their Store of Ri.:
lion liarfalcre, beraule ilie M,il.ti>ar Rice will not kw
above thiec Montl.s out ot the Hulk, but in the lluiV.'.
will keep, Year. 1 he Couiuiy prosluces great <^.ii::"fi
ot IVpj -.-r, but liglittr than tlut whicli t'.'*'^^' '!■"■•
Northerly 'I'heir Wooils afford good 'i\ ak tor hukl.rie,
and Anj^iluiue and I'awp- ct lor making large Cliclis •!;>!
Cabinets, wh.tli -re tamed all over the Wilt Coaiist ,»-
dia. Flicy have alio Iron ;'nd Steel in Plenty, aiu! Bftv
vrix, foi exioriing, Tiie.r icas alioid ilu-m .itmniiinetoi
good Full of Icviiul Kii.J-, whuh, with thole th.it «
caught in tlieir Rivers nuke them very chuiji.

Lranganore lies a Lcagu.- up the River liom tiic .S.i.
and the Dutib have a Fort there. 1 his Place is rin.irki-
ble tor h.iviiig l>ccn lumcrly the Seat ot a}Va''/Govci>
inent, th.it Nation having been once fo numerous the;,
t!.at they could reckon ai ove Ko.uoo Famiius, butiti"-
lent are leducid to 4e;uu. 'I'lu-y have a -Synagcf; ic -i
Loucbin, i.(jt tar Ironi tiic ling's Palate, about t«oMM>
tiom the City, in which at: carefullv kept ti.eir RaotA
(iigiavcii on Cop|<er-piafcs in Uihrrju Char.ii-'S-. aw
when any ol the Char4^ter'> dei .ty, they arc nov luti f
tli.U they cm IlifA- rheir 1 lillmy iVoin tie Rei^'nc! .^'»«•
ik.Jiu^Mr to this prelent iini.. Mvn.iCJt '..I'i i<"^<

, I

■•f- !■

.ommoaorc

about the Year iC()5. ln^' -m Abtlraft of their Hiftory,
tranllatcii Iroin tlic //(•/'fvw into l.cju Dutd'. 'I'iii'y .Itciarc
thcmlHvis to be ot tlic TrilK' of Miwajfth, a Part win not
^.J<; by that iiaughty Conqueror h'dnicbudiKZzar, carrietl
tVih"^ moil Eallcrn I'rovince of his lir^e ! inpirc, whuii, it
fccins, rtachal as far as Cafx- Comiiin, wljicli Journey
20 000 of tht-m travelled in thric Viars from thtir l(r<iiig
out of AiWc- VVhcn tlu-v .i.rivcd in thf Ma/al/urLmin-
try fiuy found the Inha'oitaiits very civil and hofpitable to
Strangers, giving tkm Liberty ol Coii(ikihc in nlif^ious
Matters, and the fret Ufc of Rcalon aiui Fiidulhy in (Eco-
nomy. There they iiicrc.iicd in Niinifxis and Kichts, till,
in I'roccfs of Time, either by Policy <>r Wealth, or both,
they came to make tiiemfchei. Ma'Urs of tiic littk- King-
dom of Craitgunon ; and there being one laniily among
ihem, much elUxmed for W'ifdom, Powir, and Riches,
two of the Sons of that Family were iholt n, by their lil-
ders and .Senators, to govern the Comnionwealili, and
rei^n jointly over ihem. Concord, the (lroi:gell Bond of
Society, was in a ftiort time broken, and Ambition took
I'ljcc i for one of the Brothers, inviting his Collegu • to
a Icaft, and picking a Qiurrel with his (uk ft, bifely kdled
him, thinking by that means lo reign alone. Hut the i)c-
cafcd, leaving a Son ot a bokl .Sj)irii behind him, re-
venged his I'atkr's IJeath, by killing the Pratriciile •, aiid
fo the .State fell again into IJemoeiacy, which Hill eonii-
nues among the "JrM here. Hut the Lands have many
Ages fiixc atiimcd back uito the 1 lands of the Alalai/arj,
inii Poverty and O[)iirellion have made mar»y apolfatize.
Between Cnsnf^anore and Coiubiit, tin re is an inaiul caileti
is)Lvt, thatoicupies the Sea eoall. It is tour Leagues
lung, hut no Part ot it is two Miles broail. The Dutib
totbiJ all N'dlels or Boats to enter at CrtuigaHen, and at
Ctmhin: The Cliancl is alx»nt a Qi^iarter of a Mile broail,
but vciy ilctp, though the liar has not above fourteen l-'cvc
Water at Spnngtides.

The Inhabitants of this Country are many ot them Ido-
laters, over whom tin ir Bramms, or Pnelh, have a very
giait Authority, of whieli they make a V(ry lud Ule.
Amongtl other oiid Culloms, ihey liave in rodueed one
that is very whimfical : When any Man marries, he is ab-
I'uluttly forbid to bed with his Wite rlie firit Night •, anil
this l-undion is to be ptrtornicd in his tleail liy one ot the
Bramms 1 or, if tiiire be none at hand, by tome other
Man. This wa-. formerly a very lonlldcrable Advaiit.igc
tu luch lor ignti.s as were Icukd here, the Ma'abars
luaking Choice ot thrni, nuher than their own Countiy-
Diin -, and on fuch Oecalions they made very large i're-
;ei,!% wliiili lumctiiiKs amounted to .•; or t-oo iloiins :
but, ot late D.iys, ihis.SoDixe is quite dried up-, lor the
Kumiiis aie bexiiine lo very nligious, that they take care
ntver to be- outot the Way when this i'art of their Duty is
iu'a iKTl'ornicel : T'o la> the I'luth, they pulli this Matter
tj luJi i I.eiigth, and tiequeni the Wumeiis Company lo
much, that ilicre is no body, ot their Religion, that can
pretend tu knew with Ceitainty his own lather. Ii is lor
this Kealon, t!ut, by a Ihiniing L.iw ot the Country, nei-
tvr Sons nor Daughters -ver iiiherit, but tlie Nephews and
Nieces that is to lay, the .Sillers C hildren ot the Perlijii
ceiejial, as certainly u[ his Bloody whim Rule is ob-
lerv d in the Order ot Suee< llioii c llablillu el in tlu ir Royal
1 iniiiics, and is a glaring Proot ot the ihange LlfcCts of
U)Unlk-ls Siijxrilitioll.

I lie next Cuinniandery is that of CMio^ on che Illir.d of
(h.in, at t!ie Dillance of twenty Leagues trom Cclumi/o,
**-ieh, as we have Ix tore (hewn, is the Capital oi that
l.laid. Calio was the lirll i'iace taken by the Didib from
I'e l'-.r!H^ufjc, and, at this Day, is a I'lace ol' very loiili-
'■"■l!e IraiJi-i the Loniniai.-.i.r of wlucli, howevci, ile-
itn>.s on tin Ciovcrtior of CVv/o//, and <an do nothing vsitli-
™t hh Aiprolutiun. AIkjuI the Year 1O72, the Ue
kn;; l.rxt: \\\ . fitted out a Squjulroii of eight .Sail of
lrii;.itis, which were to have ma.le tlumlelves MalUrs of
liiii I'lace. (Jiie Mr. -Join Maiitn, who h.ul f rvtd the
Ihul) hifl A^,;/.; CoiDj-.iiiy many Yiais, ,md li.al iii:itt( d
'_«u .Servuc- u|)<)n tome Dili.ull, w.is the Aullioi ot this
''fject i Imt, linding, when the Knig's Orders laiiie to b-j
•Jliiiee. a: Sea, tiiat .mother Man was to have the (iovern-
""« > t it, ir> cali; the I'lace was taken, he took luch Me-

•Ni. MB. :o.

O G G E W I< I N.

^97

thods as rendered the i:xpedition fruitlcls, Mr. van Geffe,
who then cominaniled the DuUbbka, Ibon arrived upon
the Coatl i anil the French, not thinking themfelves ftrong
enough to venture an Engagement, retired without (Ij much
as attacking the PLice. T hey went then to Trankamala,
and anchored in that Bay, defigning to force that fmall Ga-
rifon to furrcnder ; but this vigilant Dutchman was foon
alter them with his Fleet, and forced them to fight difad-
vantagcoudy in Trankamala Bay, where the French loft
halt their Fleet, either funk or burnt-, with the retl they
fled to St. Thomas, on the Coaft of Cor«wW<r/, intending
to fettle there •, but van Goffe was foon amongfl; them there
alio, and feizcd their Ships, many of their Guns being
difmountcd, and carried afhore : But, finding they could do
no Ciood againft fo powerful and vigilant an Enemy, they
treated and capitulated with the D«/r(6 to leave India, if they
might be allowed Shipping to carry them away ; which
the DiiUb agreed to, and allowed them their Admiral's
Ship, le Grand Breton, and two more, to tranfport them-
lilves whither they pleafed : But Mr. Martin w.is carried
to liatavia, and there eon fined for his Lile-time, with an
Allowance of a Rixdollar/^r Dim.

The third Commandery is that of Samaran, in the Ifland
of Java ; and he who is appointed Commander there,
has the Direftion of ail the Fadories in that IHaiid, exc.pt
fuch as depend immediately on the (government of Baia-
via. Within his Jurif liftion lies Kaltafura, w'lich is the
Rclidencc of the Imperor of Java : And hvTe it may not
Ix; amifb to take notice of the Caufe of the lalt War, which
has Ucn more than once mentioned by the N.iiiie of the
War of Java. It broke out in the Year 1 704, wh«n Mr.
John van Hon was Ciovernor-tjlenend, upon thisOccafion.
Tiie Kmperor dying, there were two Competitors lur the
Succeflioii, one of which was the Brother, the 01 her the
Son, ol the I'.mperor eleceafcd i the Dutch iided v.ith the'
tbrmer, but the hitter ha.! the AflVdians of the People,
ami drew over to his Party a gre.it Number of Indian Sol-
diers, who lud lerved the Duuh, and, being Well liifei-
plnied, iH'haved gallantly on ail Oieafions. This War'
iai'ed twenty Yeaii, and ;;ave the EaJI India Coin.^any fo
much l rouble, tlur, in all Probability, tluy will not very
readily be diawn into an Af^ah of this kind agiin.

At Bantam, on the lame Kland, the I lead ol the Faiflory
h.is the I'itie 01 a Ch.e t. riiere is a very llrong Fort there,
di\d a numeious Garilbn, to keep the I'copie- 111 Awe, who
.u"e very muiinou^, an.l lar enough fiom Ixi; g well aiiedted
to the hutih. The King has alfo ,1 Fort, at the- Dillance of
fome luindreel P.iees from the Conip.iny's lort, in which
he has alio a (lout (iaiilon for the Security of his P^itbn.
T"he only Comnicxlity of the Country is Pippi r, oi wh.ch
they are able to ixixirt .inninlly ten thoulanil Tens. TJie
Bay of Bantam is very late ar.d plealant, in which are
many Itluids that Hill r. t.iin the Names given thein by the
Enj^lijb, who had forme: ly a veiy tine I'aiflory at this
Place, Iroin whuli liiey were expilled in io,S,\ J'he Eajl
India Company oblige the King to fiirnilh them witli .1
eert.un (Quantity ot IVppr ; in all other relpccts th^y
treat him kindly enough, Uciufe, as our Author obferves,
it is tiieir Iiiterell fo to do ; he is the Sovereign el a great
Countiy, very well (Kopfd; and his Subjects -i; . a very
hardy, enteiprizmg Nation, pertidious, revengelul, .ind
naturally h.iting .ill ChrilUans to the lall degree.

CJur Auih.'r t.lls us, that, in his Time, a 1 .ic iitei\int and
twmty Men were llirpntld by uiem, and eiuiiely eiit oll'i
which oceafioned the l(.ndii.g liieh a Reintoicement, as
rer.lercd tin' G.irifon of the I'ort ut Bantam llrong enough
to Command all the Country in its Neighbourhood; which
was the more nectllaiy, beeaiile Bantam, by the Height
ot its Suuation, commands the Streiglit betveen the lllands
of Java and Sumatra. Our .Author oblerves, that the
lalf king of Bantam died at the Age of one huiulred, and
was fuicieded by his .Son, who was then a young M.m.
I le difeovered, while Piiiue, an Inilination to Pir.iey ; and
ai^Ui.illy fitted out lijme V ellils on that .Xcvouiit. CJur
Auilua- law h;ni, alter he w.is King; and toun.: him a very
agiee.il.le M.ni in his I'erlon and Coiivi rfitiuii, t!iougIi his
Char.iCterwas.xtremelyl ail: 1 lewasixi. llivil) diluueliuli
and, not being KJimnt v.ith ke. ping iii'.w..id.s oi i o Con-
lubinis, ci ninutiid lucilUwitli hisSilleis-in law, and estn
4 (i with

■-

ipS

7k V O Y A G

5ook I.

Mi
M.

with his own Daughter?. The GovfmOr-r.cnfral at />J-
t<Kia athiwnidiea liiin ofcn in>on this Subjea, rrprcfint-
ing to him, that iiirh a Courto of Life was uttnly unbi--
cnmins a i'rinfc, and was what no Ijw or Rclif-ion lOiikl
tolerate. To thi< t!i: King anfwercd \ that lie knew ut n()
Laws thit lould Uml him, who gave 1 ,aws to others* and
was tlierrlore himfelf above them. He omc lirmamku
of the Governor General an Euroftan Woman, promihng
io nuke her his Wife ; which was rcfiifeil him ; however, a
Fifture wa's fcnt him of an F.urope.in Uily at full Length.

He ptflfefled himfelf of the Religion of his Country,
that is to fay, a Mobammehn, to which l.aw his ^\.\h\ti.\.^
are, generally fixaking, great Bigots •, and therefore hateJ
him cxtirmcly on ac, oimt of his loofc Behaviour. It was
not only in ]X)int of Women that he aileil in \'o vile a
Way, but his ConiUifi tiiroughout was fo mean, fo bafe,
and fo unbecoming a I'lince, that, knowing how muih he
was defpifed .md abhorred, he kept always in his Lort,
tnirting his Safety intirely to his Guarils and Fortifications :
Yet, in the midft of thefe, he met with the juft Rcwanl of
his Crimes, tliat is to lay, a fudden Death i but whether
violent or not, our Author his not thought fit to iXjilain.
He fays, that the Country of Baittam is very fertile,
abounding with Cattle, Rice, and Fruits i and adds farther,
that, in the Heart of the Country, there arc frequently
found precious Stones of great Value, of which, however,
the Dutch rarely get PollclTion, the People fearing, that
this may tempt them to extend t^eir Conqucfts, by which
they arc but too much opprtfTeii already.

The fecond of the Chiet, refidcs at PaJanj;, on the Co.ift
cff Sumatra, othcrwife called the Ge!d Ce/yi : This Chief
has his Council and Fifcal like the reft ; and it is ulually
confidcred as a very profitable, its well as honourable. Em-
ployment. Sufmitra is j very large fine Ifland, w.iich is
leparatcd from the Continent of J/ia by the Streights of
Malacca, ar.d is juftly iftirmed one of the richert and no-
bleft Countries in all the Indtcs. The Dutch have a Faftory
at PuUamtam, which lies alxiut eight Ixraguts from the
Sea, on the Banks of a veiy large River, which empties
itfelfinto the Sea by four different Chancis. The great
Tr.idc c.irried on there is t!iat of l'ip}>er, which the Eajl
India Company would monojx)lize in tlie fame manner they
do Clovts, Cinnamon, and Nutmegs -, in order to which,
they are at a very great F.xjkmkc lir keeping feveral armed
Barks, cruifing at the Nlouth of this River, to prevent
wlut th>.y arc picifcd t» call Smugglint;. ft mutl Ix:
allowed, that they have n-.adc .i Contracl with the King,
to t.ike off j!1 the i'epjier in his Dominions, at the Rate
of ten Pieces ot Fi^iit tor a Bahoar, or 400 Poun's, whiih
is a very fur Price-. Phey have, however, a laving Claulc
in ihcir Contr.ict, hy wliu h it is provided, that halt the
Piirchacc ot tlie I'ep^KT Ihall lie rukni in Clotli, at fuch a
Rate, as greatly raiuces t.he Value of their Cargoes j and
it is for tl«s Rcalbn, that the Dutib are fo nuich .Jraid of
Smuggling : Yi.t, in fpitc of all tluir arnini Barks, it is a
thing nutorlouny known, that, for a thoufand Horins to
his Ma illy of Pul.'aKljiii, and .is much to the Dut{b
Ch;.t, a Cargo ut a th(iUland Balua.s of Pep|K-r nuy be
carri.- ! off tii- I:land without any grr.n Tmuble.

'I'he Country is mountair.ous, which is i.or looked \t[>rin
as a grcu Intonvenicncy, l;ncc alnioR all iliele Hills .ire
known t.) alH>und with (>')!d. Silver, LchI, and otlicr
Metals ■, and the Company is iK)ffcired of lome Mines of
(iold, ^^:.ich are very ruh, ami grr.it Care taken l,oth to
leiure and ccnttal the Profits that are made of them.
There ;.re hkrwile grc.it (jiiaiititiis ot (ioki-dui^ tound in

Guns ; levcral lorti of p:e;.ious Stones, a:-.d a MouTitai-i
of burni'!g Bnrnf'oiu-, wlmh contmajly blows out Mimts
like M(.ii;ir Ciu: in .'.■,.-/v •, 'tis la.J hire is alfo a p.^un-
Ui:i cji I'uiin : It aboumh with Spices and Silks •, but tin-
Air li not very whollomi , efpecully lor Strangers, Ixraufe
tlierf are l\) many Rivers, Su;idi:ig- waters, and thiik Po-
telts m ir There is ro Whe.it, or any o!ii, r fo.t of Corn,
that prows in /-.urcfr ■. bur t.'uie is I'jcr.ty ot Rio-, Mil-
Ki, aadFt...!,, wicj, a.'iUrd g.xxl and fuif.cjcnt Nounlh-

mrnt for thelnliabitants. It pr-xlucrs likcwife abundancpof
Honey, Bces-w.ix, Ginger, Camphire, Ci/fia l>cfr^f^ ^'^
white S-miiers, and efiiaially Cotton, of which thc'lnhai
b.tants make their Garments.

This Illaml is of very ijrc.n F.xtent. according to the
kft Accounts, upwards ot 400 Leagues in Circumference
The greatefl and mot^ i>owerful Monarch in the Iilond ij
the King of .Ubcin, or, as it is written in the hJicj )j.
tiem. it was formerly governed always by a Woman*
ami (jjie-.n I'.izabclb, un.Hgland, entertained a clofe Cor'
n f|H»ndence with the Q^lecn of Mem, who was livjnc in
her Time. It is not alx>vc forty Ycar^ finer the Govern-
ment fell into the I lands of a Man •, and feveral Attempts
have been made fihee to rcftorc the old Corftitution, under
which tlic People were much happier than any of tLeir
Ne',^hlx)urs. It is, to this Day, a free Port, to which
Kng/tjh, Dutc>; I'crtu^uefe, Clinrfe, and, in (hort, all the
Nations of £Mrr;;>r and ,1/ia, trade with Safety. ThcGoods
which aic bnnight thither arc rich Brocades, Silks of all
forts, Mufiins of all forts. Raw Silk, Fifh, Butter, Oil
•"d Ammunition, for which they are j»aid chiefly in (loj/
t. -• great Commoihty of the Countiy, and rctiuikily
fine.

There is no Country in the IndifS, where, during th«
Weftern Monfooas, the Rains fall with greater Violeticf
or arc attended with more terrible T'orms of Thinir
Lightning, and F.arthqiiakes, than ir Sumatra; but the
People, being ufcd to thctn, arc not much alarmed, but
Ivar them patiently, and .ire fcldom heanl to complain of
the Climate. Thell" People are, generally fpeaking, M>
bammtdan:, and are very expert in making all forts of Gold
Plate with • • few Tools, and yet with (uch inimniWe
Dexterity, whatever is of their Workmanlhip, fcllsat
a very great Rate throughout all the Indie. TheCompary
fends every Year a great Number of Slaves to work inthw
Gold ininc-s. The Kings, in that Part of the Country, arc
very rarely ujwn good Trrms with the Dutch; andw
Author tells us, that, when he was in the Indus, one of
thole Princes, who was ftyled King of the Mounuins, \t-
caufe he was M.aiU:i of nioft of the Countries where the
Mir-s l.iy, qiiarrelleti with the Compny, and drew all hj
Suhjt ds out of their Service. 'I'he principal Places "Iw:
Gold is found l)y the Natives of the Country, are 7'';>« i>i
Manimaba. The MethiKl they take in cominf^at itisL-:-:
'I'hey dig, at the Bottom of the .Mountains Ditches, whc-
ihe SVatcr Iwing llopix-d when rolling down the SKlfsof
the Mount.iins in the VVinter, they, in the Summer, cnt
it off j and, by walhmg the Mud which remains .it thfB-t-
torn, obtain from thence cmifiderahle (.Quantities ot Gcki-
lUifl. It IS generally Iv.lieval amcmgll fuch v- arc tvi'v-
qu.unted with the Commerce of the India, tliat this IbJ
turnilhes annually ',000 Pound-weiglit of this prctiuLS.Nh-
tal i ytt very little, if any, of this CJold is ever iTOiight :o
KuTcpe, the EnJ} India Com|iaiiy employing it in q'!:s
Plates, where Uold is valuable, and whcie thiy canpifchi;:
other Commochtits, which turn in Europe to a Utter .i-
count.

There is a Projeft witli refpeft to this Ifland, which b
long employed the Ihoughts of the Company; andi.x
is, procuring Ships to he built here, for which, it i?f;-
tain, there .ire great Coiivcniencie«^, lince the Woik! w t:'
Iilatiii IS lotirnian.l durable, th.it Ships oi it would ialit^"^'
or lllty Years -. whereas thofe that lome tiom tscr'ttr,
generally l[>eaking, woin out in twelve or thirteen. Bti:. i
J'ii.iati^ ii-.d Pallambam bcfore-mcntioneil, tliC Duui'^-^'^'
a Ihong Fort, and gir.it Factory, xt'/.:mi'ie, -mi Jtit -:
at St.uk ; whieh l.if> Plae'e is eX' ' fllvely unwhclf 'm',c<a
liontd by a veiy Ov.!d Accident -. It Hands on ih • grrjt Ki>' '
j-indra\^hir.i, into which, at a ierta::i Sealon ot t .e V..-.
there lo'v.e v.irt (Juantitiet of Shuis ot a very l^rff' ■':
one-third of wliicli is owing to their Rocs, whii.:. ..r. J
cciuntcd a great Delicacy ; and thetelore, alter t.ilxin!', ii
our, tile red ol the bifh is thnjwn aw ly ; aiv', lyi>'
great H(3p«, (ornipi, aiul exhale |x.llili ntuil Vaj'U; ,'■•'■
ii'tf-ct the /\ir. I In- P<r!<jns therefore tliat are lr:t :
.V.-rt.^, are much ol the fame Stj;?ip with iliole that re If-
to litinit, that is to Uy, Men ol ab.uidoii d Ciur.ic'.w ,J•
c.lp.lat..• Fortunes,

chap. I.

.ommodore Roggewein.

2pp

On the Hmki of the Rivrr BancaUs^ they have another which tluy arc fliiit up for Life, cr at Icaft for tlic Time

»,ry aiiiliilirable Factory, whiclj produces a large I'roftt they Hay here, and arc not lb much as allowed to pafs the

from the: SaleotCloth and Opium, that are conllantly paid Hriilge, diat joins this Idand to the City of Nangazaqtd.

t r i 1 GoldiKift. This was difcovereii, about forty Years 'J'he only Shail '■ ""

vitv tdiiMiuraDic I U..1W.17, ^..,^.. f — - ....55- — / •"•/ "v-M and arc not lb much as allowed to pafs the

the Sale of Cloth and Opium, that are conrtantly paid Hridge, diat ji • ■ ■- ■ ■

low of Liberty that is left them, confifts in
3„, hy a Faftor in the Company's Service, who, after he the Chiefs Roing once a Year, attended by two or three
Ind cirricil it on privately for about ten Years, and acquired other Perfbns, ti> the Court of the Emjxror, in Quality
bv it upwards of a Ton of Gold per /binum, which is a ot tmbalFador, in order to renew the Treaty of Amity and
Ihiib I'hrafe, that implies as much as 10,000/. Sterling, Commerce, which fubfifts between that potent Monarch and

which are, all toE?ether, comprehended under the genera! the true Reafon is a well-grounded Sufpicioii, that the Dutch

rule of the Weft CoalV. There fubfiih in 5«»M/rrt a very have an Inclination to fix themfelves there by Force, of
wcrful and warlike People, who have no othei; Name, which tluy have, more than once, given fome remarkable

1 "kens, the lafl of which fell out not many Years ago,
and is like to be ever remembered.

It is to Ik obferved, that the Hcllandtrs have been more
obliged to Foreigners for maintaining their Commerce in
7rt/)a«, than in any other Place. They owe their original
l-rtaWilhmcnt there to the Care of one Mr. Mams an Eng-
thcy can to prevent it, and to force the Natives to deal with li/ljuuin, as fliall be largely ihewn in the next Chapter •, and
none but themfelves. There is one ftrange Kftcd, that they had well nigh brought about what they have been fo
very probibly flows from the great Commence of Gold in long aiming at, the eftablifhing a Fort on their Ifland, by
tUs llland 1 which is this, that, for twenty or thirty Years the Contrivance of a I'renchman, who was at the Head of
paft, the Chieis at padang have been fo unlucky, as to have thrir Fadory. This Gentleman's Name was Mr. Carron,
their Hoiidly always fuipetlcd. This is chiefly owing to a Perfon of great Parts, and who, in fcveral Journeys he

had made to the Emperor's Court, had found means to

than that of the / 'rec Nation^ and arc equally averfe to the
Yuke cither of the Monarchs of the Ifland, or of the Euro-
-um havini? always valiantly tietended themfelves againft
'both.' All tiie Inhaiiitants of Sumatra arc much more in-
clined to the En!^lijh than the Dutclt, jicrhajw becaufe they
arc not under their Power ; but the latter take ull the Pains

their Mana^fnicnt of the Mines, that do not turn greatly
to the Account of the Company, while all their Officers get
iinmcnfe tllates out of then; ; a thing the Council at Buta-
via cxn neither unilerll.md, ror digclt. For this Re.iton,
they change tlic Chief very often, but to very little Piirjxjfei
and, when our Author was in t)ie Indies, they fent from
£(i/«i')fl an Order, not only forarreiHngthcChiefof Pfl^iaw^,
hut all his Council alfo, on a Charge oi Mal-adminidration -,
but, as he foon aftcn*ards left the Cov.ntry, he could not
give us any Account of the Ifliie of that Profecution.

The third Chief refides at Japan, klc is alw.iys a prin-
cipil Merdiart, and is afTilled iiy (bine Writers in the
Company's Service. The Profit, which they formerly
mule by this Eftablilhment, was very confiderable, amount-
ing frequendy to So or too per Cent, but is now funk to
Ibch a degree, that they rarely ma ;c above eight or ten.
This great Diminution is chicil/ owing to the Pradice of
the Chintjiy who, tor fome time paft, have purchafed all
forts of Oooih proper for thit Market at Canton, am! have
exported thcin Iron 1 thence to yrt». Itisallb laid, thatthty
havcioritr.v:teil witii the '/(i/iewe to furnilh them with all
lurti of Mfrrh.iiKli/e at the limie Price as the Dutch.
Another Caui'c is a I'r.ictice cft.iblilhed by the 'Japenife them-
lilv(s; which is that ol fixing the I'rice of all Ions of Gootl«.
We will <;ivc yon, lijy tluy, !b much for this, and fo much
ior that 1 and, il yen do not like what wc offer, there are
your (looils •. r.ikf then) home again. It is very (■>oHiblf,
that thii N'l i,( ,1 was liiir^crted to them by the CMntfe, who
were treated in the I'aiiu- mnnne r tormerty at liaiavia. T'h':
'luWriinr-Geniral van Zuci ihou.;lit proper to let a Price
<.;i all larsot .Silks, anil other dooils, the Cltnefi brought
I'l B,Uavia; an!, at the lame timf, fixed the R.iie of the
Co.;iniudicics and Manuf.idiircs, which the Comp.my were
t>)pivc in Fxchange. Th:.. fiif Ciuntjf lookeil uixjii as a
;: K:ij;irAi5 Hirdllup, and a t!u:ig altogether incoinp.itible
■:'.hilic Nature ot Comn", ice. Ihey reprelintcd this in
:..; i!r(.tiyr!l I'l THIS to the I iriu ral •, but to no m.mncr of
Lirpoii-. llvy the;i addnlUi! tlunifelv s to their Sove-
r .yn, aridconiplairud of this Innovation fi warmly, that,
.tt r various Expt^lhiUtion; v. ith ciie ( iovei nor to no Kfteft,
• : Comm'rc ktwan tlw two Natio.is w.is broken otVi
id Ihii.o rontu.uai in t!i:s I'oAiire till the Death of Mr.
' n /.■.iol. Bi^r lus Slice etlor Mr. .Siiih:i.!fkr</!.>i, ijurlurg
•aitcctTerent i'ri;!cip| s, reltoral all Thiii!', i ) their foriiHT
■^Jirc, ar.il put (heir Coinmirce on the o.U i e;)t ,\<^.\u\. lUit
t'i rettirn t'j jcpcii :

liictv IS no i'bce m the /■,,;} /./..'/«. w!, re the Diihl'
'■■''.■loliule .•\iitlioiity, and wiicre tluir r.il.ibliiluDer.t is
't ;o litiA' Cor.f.quciic:-, ;ii her- in y,./.;;;. T iiey h.u-e, it
^ '"I'e, a little l'.!...- i alluweii tiuin to thcmlc-ivc-., wlieie
'■ . hive VVaic!ie.ims for their luio.ls, and a lew oulinaiy
" S ui viiicli tilth I'dloiisliveasare in the Coin;ui,y's
'•-••..'V. Bu tlie.'i t-iiH iil.nd I.S, in cUtct, .i PuJUi.'ui

e
ingratiate luinfelf with tliat Monarch, by entertaining him
with Accounts of the State of Eurept at that time ; which
that l»rince, and indeed all the Japonefe Flmperors, are
curious to know. Having by this means frequent Accefs
to the Imperial Prefcnce, he, prefuming on his Credit
with theEmiJcror, begged his Permiflion to buildaHoufe
on the litde Kland where their Fadory ilooei, en his
Maftcrs Account. Which Requell the Emperor granted.
Accordingly the Foundation was laid very large for an
Houfe. However, the Building went chearfully on, till it
grew into an handfbme Fortification, of a regu'i Tetragon.
The Japonefe, being intirely ignorant of the Art .of Forti-
fication, had not the leaft Sufpicion of Deceit, but fufFercd
them to finifh it. When it was finilhcd, Mr. Carron
advifed his Maftcrs at Balavia of the Progrefs he had
made -, and defired, by the next Shipping, to have fome
Cannon fent him in Casks filled with Rubbilh, fuch as
Oakain or Cotton, the Calks to be well-bound with iron
Hoci«, and the Fieads fecurely fixed in, with fome Cades
ot the fame Make filled with Spices ; which Advice was
accordingly followed. When the Shipping arrived, the
lading was l.mded, .according to Cullom ; but, in rolling
the Calks, one of them, that had a Brafs Gun, had the
Misfortune to have one of its Heads fill out ; .and the
Ciica was, by that Accident, difcoveri d. This put a Stop
to all Commerce, till the Fniperot's Pleafure w.is known.
'1 his A flair {lavc the Liuj)eior a very bad Imprellion of the
Dutch, and of all who were employed by them. Fie would
not, huwtvcr, prohibit I'raile; but gave Orders to put any
Dutiiman to I leatli, who Ihould prcfume to itir out of the
Ifland; and dinded, that Mr. Carrcn Ihould be fent to
ani'wcr for diis fault to Je.ido, where his Impe.! 1 Majefty
rcfided. On his .Arrival, and being interrogated there, he
was able to fay nothing in I'.xrufe, when the F.mperor re-
proached him withabulinL; aisKindncfs i for which he li.ul
ills Beard pulk d out 1 lair by Hair ; and then, being dn iTeci
in a Fool's Coat and Cap, w.is expoled, in thu Condition,
throughout all the Strccrs in the City : After whicii, he wa.'S
lent luck to his Fac'fory, with Orelers to return in the lirlb
Ship that was f.nt to Htitinui.

iNlaiiy hnxi'Jfj Wri.ers call the llland, upon wiiicli the
Dutib I'aCtoiies (tun , N.ir.grJ,uk \ but this llenis to be .1
Corrupiion of the Name of the City, which is properly
called i^tuiiiU:/:.', and the ldjn<! where the D:i:i/.> ielii!e
Di-jhiui. T iiis lllaiii! is divided froiM the City by a finall
S'reaiii of liiit Water, of .ib lut forty Feet broaJ -, ovor
which lies a Hiidge, ahc ut fifty Feet broad •, at one End
of which there i-, a J )r.i\v Liru'.g'-, of which the Japenife
.air M.d!ers, aiici over which the l)n!tL d.iie iK;t pafs
without F.eave I'lom the Go-eriKir ot the City ; neither
d.irc- .my ot the 7.'/SA'''/e eoi:veile with the lUiUh, except-
ing o;ily tin .\leitli.ints, .•.:.d the Factors, whu \iSi\i a Li-
cence

300

7k V O Y

I'-.

5- ) I

■A '

cence for that Purpofe. The Iilaml, for tlic Security of
the Factory, is paliladcd quite round \ ami tlurr arc tour
great Streets that go actoH it, with lar^-i: Maga/ans or
Warchoules on both Sutes.aml a fj'ai ious Markit-plK <■ ovcr-
againll the Briiipi, whtre, at certain times, :l\e I own's-
people have Leave to tt.uie with thtm. Vhelhttihaxt
not even Mailers ot their own Ships •, lor, as loon as .uiy
one of them enters tlie J'ort, the JapiH.fe iiillantly ukc
I'oflcnion ol her, takeout all the Arms ami AmmumUon,
which tiiey carry alhorc, ami lay up falely, in onler to
return, when tlic Ship is reaily to fail -, they exad hkewjle
a ftrk't Account of the Niimlier and Qiiality ot all the
Men on board of her, and even caulc tiKni to be nuirtercd
by a Commiirary of th;ir own, in order to Ix: latLstied,
tliat the Acxount they hail betore Uken was true. Alter
taking thcle Precautions, wc need not wonder at a I'ro-
verb they have common aniongll them ; viz. Ibt Patch
bm.e mere Cunmiig iban all the Saimi of ite H^efi, but ibt
Japonefe areftiU wcri CiHHing than ihey.

Jiipan, witlj the neighbouring lllands under its Domi-
nion, is fmi be mar as big as Great Britain ; it is in
Length, from North-call to South »•< ft, near 300 leagues,
and the Mean of its Breatith alwut ido Miles \ V is well
peopled, (ind proilucis :ili lluiigs iM.ellary tor human
.Sulleiiaiicc in great Plenty ■, yet the Dutch, m their llland,
pay a round Price lor every th.in^ tin y have, and purclufc
tvjii the Wood thty burn by Weight. Their Mountains
arc veiy rich i;i CjoUI, .Silver, and Copper, which lalt is
thi- V'.ry itil in tl;r kno.vn World -, their Porcelain, or
'Ji:Nm !• : !>ei;-\vuii., is finer dun China Ware, but much
i\v ;cr aiiil heaviir, and tiie (."olours bnghti r, and it tills
•iTs.rndi'AiT'-, ri;her in InJia or l-.nrepe, th.u» what » maile
in Ct *t }. hi' t;ieir Tea is not near lo goovi. 1 heir lacked
orjap»(i'ir.i Ware, i.s, witlmut any dotiU, the bill m the
Worki th: btll Sort wii! hold boiling Water wit/iout
Ue?r>>r<f;.t t » it. Tluy ai>(und in Silks, lx)th Wrought
R;",iJ '"jw, mrrh ftroncer than what Ci;(M proiluics. 'I'hcir
ilciilti ?! • ' il.c niiill part built ol Wood ; but the Lm-
j-roi's I'ilaccs are built ol Marble, ami arc covered witli
jVkieti Cupi er. Their Ciikling is very ourabic, and cun
».iil»rtand i. 1 Win 's .ind W e.iJiir many ^ cars. 1 he City
ol Jedde IS thr:iM;tr>)in»ii?, ami its Magnitude may bi-
gucded by a Fiit that h.ipjwied in it .^xjut the Y'ear looo.
which conliinifd, in tight Days that it raged, about
l2(-,oco llculcs, btiidt', aliuve ^'xj Tempks.

rh<ir Ktlinion i'^ purely Pagan, and .Imiiia is tlu-ir
favoui Ite Got! , but Ins 1 i.ihiution is a great \N ay dH" ;
lor they nport, that a .Snul is three Yeats in continual
Travel hclore it en r-* li I'aiadik, which is only tlu *>ub-
Urli* ot Heavtn : 1 K.wcvrr, aIkii tluy uiilc get tnither,
they arc pretty lure of going to Heaven, ana they live
prrtiy quiaJy in I'aradili, UrauJe not one ot tiuir fiends
dares lome tnither to diilurb any ot them. I hey have
feveral other G'xis and e.ith ol them has his .Adoiers and
L)evut'-c5. One i', repnirnted as having tiiree 1 a^cs, and
he li believed to l* thi- Karlur (jf he .Sun, Moim, and
Stars. Lvcry txKl lia.s Ins pait;;ular I'aiadile. but none is
nearer than thrc. Year. Jc uriiey : N,;Tir ot their Zralois
cut their o^n Thr-Mii, to j;a a„ c. ij PaiTa^r .0 Ioiir ot
them i aiu; otluis lung thmiklves, |,,rthe fitmc PuriH.h
I:vy carry ihur Idol. u. iWelho.. r>n Hortebaik, *rt
iidl.uin.ntal ami v.^al Mi,1k, lo (i.r.'-ain thmr 'Ibey
make n,a„yl-, ait, ana Saintices to thcr IdoN, but they

the Votaries c at tiie Meat.

ii ill. unit nta! ami

make many l-eait

arc only l-d will; th; .Smoke

1 he JdHit,:, are llrivt ()i<len

licularly inCoinnuTu-, :iii,^nmh t^uVa Mrrtiunt'ot' Ke-

nutauo;,, ■:, his l'..v:,Hms. ,H,t. up ,-„ ,0, or any de.imal
r^umlvrot Cupam;s wi„..h ,s a lirtxid oblong I'.ue „i
C,o,d ot twenty .Shillings Vaiu. ihere into a li!k li. ■

nt\i\ t'lirtiMir I.I. ^...1 .1. >* .. *~> >

and l.uttnig his ,se,d on ilK Bag, p..il,. curi.nt l..r wtut
the .Val mrntiom. tor levralCumratiom, without lommli
as looking what is n the R.;; , ..nJ (.^kl nto piciuilul and

palhs uirient in U.,v,a t.r .hj. , .v.. iiilingsf .i"
wuvn tlu Lion IS tlnnpt on u l,y i,„ ^^, f • •

for torty .Shiihrgs Sterling.

■n.cy are likesv,., .xad Olfervers o, ,un,c--, ami 1,
gorous in puniftDn;; of Cnnvs J „ , M,.; .., i,„lnc.,o,.
co.ivicteti 01 a cap,;al C.unc, the tmpe.or f.iid, a Utter

.mi«.'y,
jullic.

It pallv

iookT

that on liich ■ Day, and fucli an Hour, he muft !« Jm o»
Lxetuiioner, on Penalty of cxquifite i'ormcnts, i| hH "
vivcs the appointed 1 mic 4 fo tluit the conimon'cuftonit
that the Delinquent lends for his ncarell and tdl Knru' '
to a lumpiuous f call, on tin: Day let him; and, alter th!
Ke.ift i» over, he Ihcws tht m the Emperor's Utter • wl'
wink- they are rea»ling it, he takes a Dagger, tlui he |m
aUmt lum tor that Purpofe, and with it Habs himicll (xiow
the Navel, and rips himlclf up to the Breall-bonc. fht

interior .Suit are torced to fubmit to Hanging, BrlicaiinB or
ng over a high Pircipicc i and, tor linall hulu

J iirowing _ ...p.. . ..^.,,.».., , „,v,, lur irnaii j-juiij

\\ .iippingami Stigmatizmgarc common PunilhmentJ. Thii
Seventy teems to Ihew, that the Stattfmen and lawgivas
01 this Country, who ought to be bclf acqu.iinti\i with the
Genius ol tl^e People, ;u-e tatisHcil, that noth.Dg btjt
penal Uiws, llriaiy executed, can contain them mthji
due Bounds.

It IS certain, that the Government of Japan would be
well enough pleafal to encourage a free I'rade with all the
Natioiui, If it was not conllraincil by two Confidcratio.is'
The hrll is, the Drciii of laving their Religion mlulttd
which, from a milguide»l Ze.il, was very Irenuent, whi«
there were any Chriltians among the Japonefe. 1 he oth:t
IS, their Averfion to llrangc Cufloms, or any Imnjvjtiofl
in the Manners of tkir People, from which they auprc.
hcnd the woill Conletjucnccs. W hen the Di(/ri> were y
ellablulud here, the then prime Muufter ot Japan ^Kt
their LmballaOoi this Account of the Matter : Wc liunot
coivdemii your Culloms, or ccnfure your Way 01 Lvme
but wc are determined to preferve our own : Wt krot
very well the Advantages tint relult from the .Syllciiiut
Goveinii.ent dlalililheil aniuigll us, and we will not ,tu
the llaAiid ot a C lunge : V\c know too, that great Kt-
volutioni, arc brought about by imfKrceptibk D(grt s,ar.j
lluielore, wc arc relolved to cure the ItJi ol Novc.[):i;
liie Kod ol Punillmici.t. I'poii this Maxim tlut Liw a
louiidcd, by which no Japoneje dans leave hislouncyi
aiKl, It he does, he mull never return. Ihty arc'ki
wcckltd t(» their own C iilloim and Oi-inions, and lo naJcu
ol having new or foreign Cuftoms introdiiiev;, that th^y
will not lem: Imtjaiiies 10 other Kings or "states, or \J:.i
tlicir iVletclunts to iuvc CoiniTurcc out of thtir 0*0 Do
nuiiions ; only liiey lend lome liiull Jonks, or Vcikis n
.Suiiinur-tim., to the Laiul ot Itdfo, alwut tifty Liiio
from tiie North-cml ol Japan; and 1; is rcjwid, uv
bring nuKh Goki Iron) thence : But, wlicthei thattojn-
try IS I'art ol their Doininioas, or not, is not eah toljv;
but It ID alio rcjKjrted, tliat ilic Natives i>l the County
at robull and umi.iii/cd \ and that ihey Ijxak tin fv\
f-anguage.

Our .uithor olFirms, tliat the Dutch have aiflail'v ':;•
rounded theCiull ot Japan, and are latisluJ, that i::5ii
Idaml ; and he tai thn aliuns us, that tluy )i.ivi ki on:
g»* u Port, all the rell ot their Coalls being lo gujr.niSf
ticjp Ko.'.s, and .Miole water, that they haven) KJivi
to t:ar l:A'alii-ir:. Ileobleivcs likewile, tiut, m [XjiMu"
Mditary DiKip.in,., lUiy very tar exceed the 0<Mt, snu
iS.ic their People .iri , by no means, ol lo bale and' rtfr-
natc a TcmiHi, .xs n.oll of the Inhabitants of that gi!
Lnipire. I le ail'ls, tlat the (iov( rnment is ptrkct.'y ■'•
t».'tm, and well lettled •, (or tho' leveial Cuumno :j-
UK- 1 itic of Kingdoms, yet all tli( ir Monarch^ arc u > '
tne llnctell .Subji-cbi.n to the l-'.mjxror, and the 1j»m;
the Country prevail every-where, l>j tliat there lannct'S:
laid to In any Diverllty of Intenlls.

There IS hkcwilc a v.iy Ihid Regard \\ii\ to irvj"
Pro|xTty, ihe father tranlruiting to the .V-n, ra^tidy ■
patrimonial f.llate, but what he has aeouit.d by li- »■'
liu.ullry, whah ;s cert.iinly one ol thcU II Mit!i" '•'
I'rcveniini; the Dt lire ot Change. The Japeinj't x^.y'-
only aviry lubth and i ratty I'lopic, but have .illu " -•
pnling (jitiicknels o| Parts. The P.miKrur, thou,;!.*
ru ides at JfJJo, wliiih IS thirty Days Journey Irmn !•«
Port, by tin i|unke!l C . hvcyance in I'f in tliatC' ■•■
ha-, liot*iihlt.,n.hn!;, jr.i, lli.»eiH( , in th' .'^jWic 1! W«
Kays, ol the NuiniKrand l-orvc of .1!! Slii^ s ihjt - n^.
'Ih.s isjMrlornud by Mags ami Beacons ;UI"«''^'
Mill) ar: > -., ihey examnie, .is we b lor, r.m.irk. , -
Stringtii vi thc'WiUj •, y! whiih R''ix>rt l-dv;, :'iJ(

chap. I.

Commodore R o g g k w u i n.

thp Governor, lie onlcrs the Beacon, to be Rreil •, or, it
ihf' l)c two Ships, two BcKons \ and, at the lanic time,
] ' K\ , I li(T tlic Colour o( which intimates the Force lA'
till' Shii'. ''"his Signal, as loon as difccrncd, is repcatcti
from iv'ty Hill anil Eminence, till it reaches the Hates of
%l(li>\ lb tlut the Emperor, and his Council, have time
|„ iklibcr.ite on the Mi-fures proper lo be taken. Tiic
l.Vrm5 obfervcil in IJufintls are wonHei fully cxad •, and the
Fiiirror's Orii.rs or I'/iiiHs fisnificd in Terms equally cx-
ri-lllvp, anil fiill ot I'lRiiity, having very little ct tiiat
B(.mb.ill anil fwclling Siile, which is tommon in oriental
Courts : Vet, in the miilll of all thcfc Marks ot ^'.ood S.nle,
an,! quick I'ans their Riligion is the idlcll and moft ruii-
ciiioiis than (in Ik imagined j of wliidi the Author yivi s us
one I'roof, tliat is really allonifliing. 'rhcrc is a tutilary
(iini to every Family, wholi- Idol is placed at the Top of
ilii' lloiile, and he h;u. hillruftions yivcn him to keip oil'
Sickiirfs Misfortunes, and every evil Accidi'iit ■, and wluii
aiiv ol thcle tall out, they take down their Idol, and whip
1,1111, lor not liavin-.; pertornicd his Duty. Such llran-o
llVas has Supeillition, wlare-cvcr it prevails.

Ihc Ihllory t>{ Japnn will natiiially fall into our li'cond
lj-,<ik 1 but, ha\-ing lo fair an (Opportunity at i)rifnt, it
a'iv,irs rtal()n.ihle to gratify the curious Hcaikr with a
I'jwt winch has litlen into our Hands, containing a much
fkaicr, ami more ililhr.ct. Account of the DntcL Commerce:
i:i this l'.in|iirc, than is any-whcrc to be met with in our
c,v!i, or pniiaps in any othtr Luij^uagc,

A'. Iruiri intj the h'.i'nn' of the Dutch Cowiicne
,:( Jap.:ii.

IT isnat\iral for a I'crfon of a curious Difjjofition, to
dtfirc ixrfec't Information as to tholi; I'oints, that fcem
fi'iibt'ul or obltrri- in moll of the Rilati<ins th.it have b' en
rniilhei! as to dilLmt Countries i and I mull; confefs, tint
ir Ifjins 10 nv.' the moll eafy and certani Method of lu ■
aiingSarislaclion, to dirpoli; thof- IXiuhts and Ditiicul-
i;'simo(.Jiic(lnms, the Kefolution of whirli may elVidtu-
.iyiifarthem •, and toproj-Hifc tliofe (.^ueftions to fue'i .is
•liV'.- ]u:\ t)j jiortunities ot inlorming tli; iiifclves fuiriciently,
i' rcfpt-ci to the Maittrs urdcr Conli?!er;ition. I i an not
f:vi: a llroiigrr hillancc ot this, than by iiKntioninp; what
hi- occiirrtit to me, upc P.-adingthe A'.eounts that have
K n hahtrto printed oi the Duhb Commerce in Jiip.:n,
»'.:ehare, ;:• my Opinion, ij indillincl: and contufeil, as
wi! lor want of Onter in thofe Relatior.s, as for want of
t'r "ffdi'aiy Circumft-inces which might i nable one to ( on-
■<l thi-;r leveral Parts u gether, lui)p()rn'.g one incliiu-.! to
like I J nnich I'aiii', that i I'refume you w ill .idmit tlu- fol-
Wng (^icnes to be reafonable, as I hope, from your Li-
(;.:!{;. nrc, to be delivered trom the Incenainty 1 am uiuler,
.V tu the .Subjccls .It which they point. .A long Intro-
'■...'tifin wuiild be unii'ceflary, and, the Trouble my (^ic-
f' :())"- will give you, ivllr.iins nie Irom adding .my thing
f;th r than this i-xplarationot nw Requell, that it extent's
r: V to tlic Ihitck t oiiimerce in 'Jdp^i: ; and that I d.o hot
if.fa any tvjither At count of tliat l-.mpire, than is ablo-
i.'iiy neetiT.iry to fettle my Notions of the Commerce.

' I. I! ir.i is tbc Kxttr.t, iiiui ivbat the true JleurJ.iries,
' ; Jf.m' It is not poilible to aniwer this Qiitlliun very
' rr.^'ily, Ixi.uifc we luv<- not any .Xccounts that can be
• viu'iit'-'lyt'crnuled upon, as to the Countries that lie to
' ; ■ Nunh ot ftiftiH ; Out, with refpect to t!ie End pro-
' ; I ■ by yoLff <^Kfti',ns, it may !)c aniwered in a manner

• • ' tly fatisfiftory. The Empire of Japtin is com-

i' ■ > t 01 thar large Klands, liirrounded bv a great Nuni-

' (Tilt inialjer lil.uuls oi ilitfVrent Si/.e-, fome inhabited,

!|aiJKj!r.ci!ckrt. 'l he moil SoutSern of thde Iflands,

1 1^ tliat \vh;ch loiiip Writers ra'! by the Name oi Hunga,

' ^J^ a. ixrvlin^ tii the- Pcrtugneff, Ximo. This llland ex-

t ^^MriTO .Saith to North," abo t (ixry Le.igius, and
I !rom iuli to V\ ril alx>ut liirty. It is on the Weft C oall
' d this UukI, tlut the Dutib Fadory have their Reli
' i"iC';, w!,u|, 1 11,^11 ,„^„.^. partKularly delcrilie hereaftei.
I ';'t..- ball of til.-, l.bnd lii-i 1 he fti ond of iliefe lllands,

*»ii ;i IS ( ailed .V;ii,|./; ^vhich, m the Ungu.igc of tlie
^ I -•■; try, iniph's a IM.icc that 's Iquare •, which is a good

'Viiipii,:, „t t(,^. iti^j.i i(i4i,,mchas it is very luar a

.Square of Oxiy I .r.inun. The grc.it Illami of yapan h
leoarated from lioili ihife, [ly a narrow and a rocky
Chanel, TIuh Illind, wliuh the Natives call Nipben, ex-
tendK Irom l''.,ill lu Will iOo I .lagucs, and is in Breadth,
lioni North to .South, from fio to 100.
' 'riufethire Ifliiiuli make im what may be properly
ftileil the I'aiiplie of 7,//i,/«, They extend from 31" to
41" North Emliiidr, and from 157" to 175' of Longi-
tude, plaiingihe full Metidian in the llland of Fero.
On the North of J.ip.iii lie, the I, and of reJfi ; and Part
ot 7rt»7./rv, a>iii,i, and Cum, on the Welti California,
and the nil of Jmti'i,,i, on the laftj the Philippines
on the Si.iiih cull i and the Sea of aina on the South.
The common Opinion, that It is equal to Great Britain,
may le pieity m.ir the 'I'liith in one Senfe, though not
111 another \ niid it i'l ir(juifitc to diHinguilli thcfe Scnfes.
I'he whole i'mpiir of y,tp,vi, to fpeali ftridly, all the
three III mils, are pi i fly near llu; .SVx of the Hritijh Idands,
that is to l.iy, wiili //y/.i;/,/ included \ and the Idand of •
"Japan, dilliiK'Uy lonlideied, is (bmewhat bigger thati
(treat Jirtani, {U\i\\y t.ikch, without any of its atlj.tccnt
Illands, As to the Countries dependent on Japan, they
are, befules ihe ihI'i.k . nt llluuls, many of which are very
rich an.l well cultivated, 1, The in.inds of Riiiku,
which btlung to ,1 I'liinc who is fiibjea to the Emperor,
and fo .lie k pufeil to belong to Jap'an. 2. TJiofiii, wliich
is I'art ot ih" I'l nlnful.i of Cma, and belongs likewifo to
one^ ot the |'i,u(,H ol thin Impirc. j. The Idand o.
J't\!jl\ miking I'.ui ol the Dominions of a third tribu-
tary I'lince. Till, llland, liowcvii, is to be dillin-
guilli.d tiMiii the |,.,nd ol Jc:ljb, wluih li. s ftill farther
N'oiih I an, I, whrthvf it be Maud or Continent, I cannuc
t.ikr upon me III dciKininc

' \\. If'ba! art ibtCmuicilia or Mvmf.iilitre.'i of this
Empire that main/ < Cminei.e Jo valuable F Tlu'Com-
m(K'i'ii-.ot JopiiH nil' lesvcr tli,in one would imagine,
coiilidinng th.it it 11 as hitile a Country, and the I'eoplc
as indullrlou^, as my m the World, 'i'he Reafon of this
is bivaule Ihey ihiili' 10 ileal with vStrangcrs for ready
Money, th.it is to l.iV, for .Silver, which is at once a
C<imniodiiy, aiil th ''Me.il'ure of all Commodities here.
Tluy liavegi\,u IJuailtitns of Cokl, bur the Exporta-
tion- ol It IS loiiiid, iiiukr thefvcr. II Penalties. Jiul-
pluir alio aboundit in tins Country to a prodigious degree,
lo th.ic V..II (^laniitie^ are annu.illy dilpofed of, without
any D.inger of i.xhaullinf^ thm Stoik. Hut the grand
Coinmoiliiy in point of Value, next to .Silver, isCopjier,
ol winch tluy have hi ewill' prodigious (jiiantities, which,
at til ■ fime uny, is bv nnuli the fun 11 in the World ;
tluy ii.riiurly fohl it \m(Ii a gre.it Mixture of Hold, but
they luive now louiul .iW.iv to ixtnict that; ycttheirCop-
per lemaiiis Uill in Very high and juft Repute. They
h.ive veiy line I'eail,, and great Cjiiantities of Mother-
of-peail, wliii h they do not much elUem. Ambergris,
and other rn h I *ni^i, aii' hkewife to be met with; there
is alfo very Inv ''ilk ol li vmil foits, v,liieh they fell very
r.aloiubK ; ihoo^h, at the lame time, they purdule
(U'lHa .Silk, wliali is not fo good as their own ; bur, in
all I'rob.iliility, this h with a View to fome Manufaclure,
tor wlui h It is nt'iiv proper,

* All loris ol I'.ibii! t woik, and T ,ackcr'd-w,irc, they
make in the utiiioll I', rheliun, and (Xjiort vaft Qiianti-
ties ot It 1 as lliey do likewife of their Porcelain, or
Earthen ware, Ihii w,is formerly much fmer, and much
llrongei, than it is now nuulc \ and therefore the old Ja-
pan Ware is very valu.iMe, rvm in the Country. I will
give you un liillanee ol the Japoinfe .Sagacity on this
.Subjeifl, I'he /'«•./' were very iiuiuifitive into the
L'aiif ■ of It; and w. re aniwered, 'that they put more of
Mens ttonei into 1; f.rmcrly than they did at prefent ; by
whiili thiv gave liirm to undeilbnd, that it w.is tbr-
merly madi' with givatri Care and 1 .abour than at this
Day; wliitli Han, however, been fo l.ir millaken, as to
en .ite an ( )pinioi' among idle People at /j,;/.;:;./, that human
Horns eniei into ihe I ompulition ol their Earthen-w.ire.
I ouj^ht to add, In ih.s I, ill ol the (.'oinmodities and
Maiiulai'luiei n| 'Japan, iheir'lia, whuh liime ellecin
muJi I. tfei iluin ih.i' ol CMna, which is, however, only
taie upon the Spot » tor, ,n its Flower is more delicate,
.ill • fc»

ti;

|j'':t
4- 'it

El f ^ \

fp'' ^''

i ■ •

■'.iij :: '

^:;l''-

■;!•'

301

7hi' \ O Y A C i: S oj

lilH)k I.

li. It i', f.wmu li)(\ wli. n the 1 Inl) coaif ' to

Iv triiil\iortal 4 ' was only with thiir NriglifiourJ tlic Lliutfe; ami I (],)

' and thin torf, howiv, r

li'im lorts ol Jipdi

{\x nviy It ' Ivivc OtiaCion to ixj)l.iin it to you hrrcaltrr. At

V.1I11: <l in \\v litun, we never can cxpi
il i'lrlectiuii lure in l:urop<.

\ to Ue them in ' I hope, 1 li.ive l.itisheil you as to thisQiidl

prcft

Hv,t,

lojie, 1 ii.ive I.HI3IIIAI jrtiii U3 i<' iiiis v^iriliun.

IV. //V-v are all Niitiens prohbiudfrom traS»,u..

^?iirr':ri:;::-Ma,- .w^..-.^. • ,.^M.,put.h.«./...ci«neii. -Ldo^t':'

//im /- .;«./ t/..!/ AmV*. Comment had ibn; hfcr, • ceal, as is generally nn.igned from any I'reiuiiicc agLil
l!^Sum,Ti.^l^^ M^l""""' «/'-^"t"' ' other Nat.,ns or trom..nyl'rcix>ircirK.n.nUvourl;

1; i. exTn.:iy :'lia.!t toTay any tl.mg on th.s Head • a^nrfi^Du.d^ but f. on, Kcalons that I fhall lay w,;;

It with

' worthy y"«i' Nutuc, ami at the lame time to (ay 1

« Grtaii.iy -, Inir, as I am well aware ot the CntraJiflions

• you have nut «.ih in nu.7 Hooks i.ix)n this Sul^jec't, 1

• will tnJ.avoiir 10 Huw you ihf Source ol tlirm m liw
' Wor.ls: In all that has been written uiwi this Hcail, 11

• is on the one liaiul ..n;rtc<t, that the Juponc* havea gieat
' Contempt for Ira-lc and rradclmen -, and on the othei,
' that no Nation in the World has liieh will Regulations in
' relix-a tofomm.-iu', as are to Ix- lound amimgll them.

• To reroneile tlii'. CuntraJiaion, I mult ohiervc to you,
' that thrrmgle Maxim on which the Govemmcnt in y.J/Wfl

• pr-.-cieds, is' tins that Lommatc is a I'root either ol

• Poverty, or ol Lovttoulnels ; and that the greatelt 1 lap-
' uincfs a Na:iun ean j^ollirs i., to have all w;ihin them-
« lelvcs. In re;>ard to the Kmpire ot Japan, th;s is lUntUy
« true: Tliey i-icrivc tr.>m tiic Houniy ot I'rovuleniT, and
' from their own Indurtry, not only all the Nceell'arics, kit
' alio all the (. oiivenKiKKs, all the fltganeies, ol Lih ■,

• and therctore they are ablolutely lontcnt, I mean, luv h

• as have the Ac' m 111 11 ration of the CJovcrniuent are content,
' with wlut tluy polTels.

» This appears, I y their neither fending or receiving
' EmlialTai-lors in the nuniur that other Nations lio; and
' tho' formerly the l.overnment lb far eviuiplied with the
' IXIires of Ivi.h as were of a nv rcantilc lieimis, as to p.r-
' nut them to trade in certain (.ountrus i.mler alnind.inee

• ofKellridions, yet th<y have fuuc thought lit to revoke

• thtfe I .xeiues , .wA their .Sul-ie:ts now carry on no foreign
« Trade at all, at leart wit!) the IVrmidii'ii ot the Govern-
' meiit. As to their inlar.d Commerce, it is, and always,

• was, very great ; hut tluy have lb llrong a Notion, tlut
' BuyingaiKl-Sellii j; corrupt the Moralsot Mm, incline them
' to fraud, to Lovaouliufs, an,!, a'.xn-c all, to Lying, that

• thiy have not o:.!y the leverell I^iws tor punifliing thefe
' Vices, but lu'. e iikewile contrived fomc very lingular
' Methodi fur yuv.ir.ing them ; particularly thefe:

' In t!ic full I'i.iu , to previ nt any ncciit in 11 eafuring,
' there '.i ,1 Steel-yari'i tix.d at the I'lut ol ev.ry .Street, by

• wliiLii all Comnio.Utics arc nwaliired. •, aiui it is the fame
' with reganl to Wiiglit ,v.id luiuid Mealiires, none, fut

• ihofe aurliori/.cd by the Cioverninent, can U ufed, Tiicy
' have public l-'ai:>. at ceri.iin St.if ms in the Year, in all
' th' great Cities, \o wh.i.h Meichaius bnng tluir (iooils,

• in lu:h Proiiortiuns as they are injoined fy I^w -, arul
' the!c axe W.'m, not by t!i- Mer>. hints thenili-lvcs, but by

• OiVit.-rs apj^jiiited by the Statt, to the b«ll Bidder ; Yet
' this is not nianai^cd by Auction, Irom an .\pprelunfion,
' tliat this mij-'ju en ate Jealoufuj and I latred among futh

• as bui aj^ainll each other ; to prevent whi^li, every Man

• writes ill a little Note what he is willing tu give, and his

• Name. I'he OiBit, having lolkcleil theie Notes, whiiii

• an all f lied, op ■ :hciu , aad, having d.. dared the higheH

• Bidder, delivers him the (jckxIs, and burns all the Note.
' In cafe ol any ;ioton(ji:s Irau.i, they not only condemn

• thf Parties that die guilty, lut their whole l-amilics, and
' even tluir NeighlxiUts , wl.ith puts every Man lo miu h

• uixin lus (iu.ir;l, tlut there ate very tew Inftances ol De-
' ci!t hap{>ening throughout this extenfive I mpirc.

' It IS not the (iov.riuiient only, but < vi ry private Man,

• tint conij Money , but he mull carry t to the .Mafter of
' the MuU, who f.-.s tlut it is fine, arul of its proper

• Weight; which he aitelh by his Stam[i : But, li • wants
' hall a(i:a:n, lie curs it in two, and returns ittotlx Owner.
' Al for !ari;i: .^ums th y are paid in Purles, containuit;
' about louCuparj-'s, wiiichaa-<arn.(i likewif. tothcOlh-
' cer of tin- Mint, who tclis and weighs tiie Pieces, ami
' ihen I laps his.stal ujxjn vhc I'urfe, with a Charaiter 1111

' potting the Valu- conuined thcrd.i. This once iloii ,
' thr I'uifc pafl<s irom Hand to Hand tor tw;niy Years;
' tor, fo long x- tile Itnpreliioii remains tair, nolxxly liil

• j. :.tei iu Value. ^\> lu tiic lufei^ii CgmnJcae, vt vkl iV

li-Jl lay lxf„rt
you as fuccinc'lly as I can. The 'Japontft do nut led
lorrign Commerce at ail V but, on the other hand, it ^
Maxim of their Poliiy not to ntulc it to any Njnu,
provided they fmd their Cioods in tluir o\sn Voirds 10
/■//WW, and fubmit to the Regulations, Nvjijch, tj ,
own Security, the State lias cltablidicd. Ihii'r turn!
mercc with t!ie CbiHtJe ii fo old, that it is beyunj Mc.
mory; and I Hull (licw you hereafter, that nothing ha
lieen able to bring them to prohibit it.
' The Portugu,-J'e came thither alxmt the MiJdIc of thf
fixtrenth C( ntiiry, ami were received with ail thf KinJ.
nefj and Civility confiftent with the Conlhtutwn ot I'ij
I'"mpirc, and the Cienius ot the Nation. .Some timritir
tlie Spani.irdj t'rom Mex'uo found their Way tluthir \
the En^lijb hkewife d.id, after tlity fettled in ihc \j\
Indus. It was owing to the Intrigues of the I'lidl,, » j
put their Converts upon Conlpir.4( ii s, Snlitioiis, amlR..
kllions, tlut (. hndiaiis in g( neral wcie lotliuKltiitut tie
to 'Japan 1 ami as the Dutih had not intermrdillcJiiii.v
foit with tlxfe Oiflurbanccs, they wae |xriniiic(lii)arr»
on their Tr.ide \indir the ai.tieni Kegulatioi.s. Thisl'r
liibition hipjx-ned i.i the Year it^ !0, and wis intini,
owing to the Bigotry aiul ill Manaj;emcnt of tnr i l,n> ,
who brought an tXliuin on Cluilli.inity, that will l.iK;,
t ver be flf.iied. Yet, after .ill, I mull owi , ilur, mr,
Opinion, the Patience and Pullverarue of tln'(ii;tc.<jr£
/)«.'»/» ate the bed Keafons tluu can !).• alTigmJ lort;.-:
' maintainii'g themfelvcj in this Comimrce, from »!., ,
o'her Nations are excliidei.!, not Ixcaufc tlicy .irc h;t.,i

■ by the 'J.iponfff, but Ixcaule they are incapable oil.

' mitting to thole fevere Rules, whiih arc now imi^i.'

' iip)ii Strangers, many of wliiih ttxA Rife Irum t.Hjtor

lortunate Kxtirpation ot the Chnllun Religion in ']d^.

• It is no lefs true, that the Dut,tj themlilvcs tliouRhr,.:
1 xcluded frcm Tiade, were nevcrthelels extremely hi..^

' by that Accident, lince thi y were removed Irom il-

' .""ctileinent tluy had. lirft obtained, ..nd where tluy »;;

much cafier than they are at prefent •, which IIkwsi.'..

■ tli.it it was not their Intenft to priK ure the Bamilinvi'.u
' other N.itions, fiiice, inftead of turning to tlicir.ulu,

' tage, it has done them inexpr-lfible Mifchicf

' V. ln'jbat Stau an //■«■ Chinel'e m Japan, m.i':i:
' Ccminnct do I'iry tarry en ? As the Cbitti'fe arc bv U •
' mofld.ocile and tiafi.ililc People in the World, t'KV-
' without Qutftlon, the fitiill toihal with the yj/ i» .
' btcauf , whatever new Regubtions aie nuile, wh*.'

• Irclh llard(hi|)s arc laiil upon lluiii, tluy fiihmit w.

' repining, and ap;>car (ontcnt, let tlitir I'la^-'e k »l^'
' will. In anticnt tinus the 'Jitpomfi h.i.1 a great In

• with Civwij, in whuh a Multitiulc ot People wrrc :

' ]ilf)yed i but, in one of the Lbiiiffe Sea ports, wlictr Ji *
' Japontjc were fettle*, the Natives li.ivino prttilfil j "■"
' ot tlut I'raud, wliiih is infijiarable liom C.vCisn;/., :•■
' Strangers applied tlur.ifelvis 10 the Magillrate- U- K
' drefs i but, I'lnding none, they redrclTcil tlicirltlvi-,
' fack'.iig the I'owii. A.i foon .is the Pnijieior it !

• Wis inloriiKd of this, and tlut, tho' the I'loie v. ^

• populous, it had Ixen d.ellroycil by a very ilai'-^

' Japonejt, he relblved at once tu be lldot tlnlel'u,'
' and ere<5ted where theCity had IIihkI a Column ol NU'^
' on which the I aIiC'I of Banilliment was engiavcii, thitu
' ening at the lame time Dcalh to any Japoitt/, wh '<■■' -•
' dare to land in his Doijiinioni ; loibulding ,ii [lul--"
' lime all his .Si.bjvcls in caiiy on any Trailc with:.' •
' IllandciSi whli-h Prcdiibition lemains in puru w ' '
' Day : And the (^iirtfjc always ilcclare at home, tli.it i''
' arc'b( und tu Ibme other Marki t, when they i\i wii u
' Junks lor Japan.

' Yet liie JapiHcfa never prohibited Tra ie with Cr •
' but lullered iheiii tu come tietly intoiiuirC'iiiiiiry.J'"'
' did k-ivK- ; fo thai the Dillicult.c.> ;hc Cvw/'/Vnc* hi^-'

' (ilK

Chap. I.

Qmmiodorc R o g c^ e w f, i n.

303

' uiukr .ire not the r,(T(/ls of ihcir own, Inii of the C liiif-
. tuns ill ComliKt. 1 Ixy m- tic! ilowii tr) trmli- to out;

• liimlf I'urt, w1\kIi is tliat ot iMti Ifakic, in the Lati-

• tw' »t i^' '' ^'"'■'''» ""^ '" •'"■ l-^'i'S'"'^''' <•' •>'■
, ihfy luvc, I'lirmn tlifir .Stay, an lilaiul alligntii tJKni,

• Mwcl! is the Dui.b, ami .ire iuhji.'tnl to many otlur

• Riili*. ' hi.'y l.iil t'rtjm Cumm abmit tin: liill ol Mayt
' ami, having always a fair VViml, tiny aiiivc at tho Coall

' uiiiN" '-'*'"'"*' '''^ ^''"'' "' ''"■' ^""'''- ^ '^'•■y ''•"■^' ""^

' aui)ru.u:h the bhoic ntMrcr th..ii three lAagucs, wIktc
I ihiy wait tilt lorninK oJ the Culli)inlioiik' Olfia-is on
» Iwanl, to whom thry niaki: tin- llniicll Dalaratioii that

• canbeot th.ir Strength and L'arp,o : Attir wliiJi, a /.;-
. p,„,y I'll Jt t.ikcs C'har(;»; »t ti^- .ship, ami eariics li.r u.to

• Port, whtu jllthc (i(K)iljari- inirnaliat.ly lint on lliorc
, into tilt piihlii VV.irdioulis. Tht- fupcnefe OlViccn nit-t-t,

• jiutiixa l)jy I jr 'he Sale* of thcli Ciooils, ot whiiii tluy

• iiivf a luiMii; Notice through the Loutiliy i but make no
' niuitwnoltiitMa'.tir lo ilwCliiiirfi.viho iiavi- iniKril little-
' or iiothing to ilo witli the AlVair. I >urinn this .Sale, iml-
1 'Uwnffi Mcnh.uiii bring the Oflicers Notts ot the CiooiU
' tluy w.int, ami the Vioiuy thty arc content to i\\ve. 'I'he

. hn;iitrt Biiiiior has ilic I'rtliretice •, and, Ijetore the (ioods •

• ar iltliviral, ins Note islhiwnt'j xheC.hmeje, to whom

' iliiy Ixlonj;; wlio n.vci Icniplts the i'nte, be it what it

<■ will. Ihus tilt Sale is quickly overj tiic "J,-pon<-jt have

' t'lt ('<xKk, ajid the Chincje their Moik y ; Init not quite

> l.xafii/asmay l\:(xiitcUd: lor tho' tlicOUkcrs rtttive

' all III Cilli, ytt tiny juy thim alxjve 60 ptr Out. in

' (i(XKls, oikI tiuL- too oC tiuir own ihuling, whiiii :m

' (;aHTally CopixT, and tiirce or four Ions ot dried F1II1.

' ilw rcli liity ha.t in Money, v-hkh they lay out in I'or-

' tdaiii, IVarls, tineStetl, wrought Coi>|ht, and a kind ol

' lampiiirr, whitli is niiicli eftctriuil in Chiitii. (ientrally

' fivakiiig, t\KCI)iH'ff Merchant iiaves liis Money in tlie

' Oiriici's iiaiiilsi and, iiaviii^; puic li.iiul what Cioods |u-

' wants, ilrawi on him, luyalile at Si^;hr. 'riKTc is nothing

• ia;ilti lilt I'lnpcror Iv way ot'Cullom ; tlu: only Duty

' iiiimiiores is a Right ot I'lc-cniption, which cxtenils to

' a tew lint (.jl)oJ> : Va tikie is torn, tiling tquivaltnt to

' Duty in 'Jiip/in; for, as tlic Ofilccrs fiirnilli the Maga-

' ^iiita.tiny are paid for thtm at a very lii^;li Kate ; wliu li

' i<u;uivaknt to an Iiiiinilh

' Ut late Vtars, tinrc have Ixren gie.nt Alter-itions made
' -.v.ih rJjH'i^ to tluir Commerce: I'lu y are, in the tirlt
' jlat, lir,,lttd to Il-venty Junl« -, and th'.-re miiif not he
' ihovc thirty Men employul in cacli. The Qiiaiuity ot
' Cioo.is likavift is tixid. whicli tluy nuill not exceed, and
' wliicli ii reported to Iv double wli.it they allow to tlie
' L'.i.Vii. i Ikir Qu.ility alio is prelciibed, and even the
' I'ricc fixfd. Tluy arc o!-|ig(d to depart as liion as tlieir
' SjIc iv (ivir 1 mk\ niaie ot them are allowed to remain, .is
' i!iiD.v;(i ilo, in Jnpan. In lomc rel'pet'ls, indeed, tiny
' I un to k- ktti r tre.iteil ; but tlun they only feem to be
' fo: I'or inlhince, they are allowed to buy Provifions, and
' to deal witii w liom tlity pleale -, wlurcis the DnU b have
' :o iiiit ol Correlpondenif, but with thole who are ap-
:-i''.iii to tunulU them witii Neeellaries. This ariks
': . :; thir Ai.piti.enlion of tlie Didib on one Side, .and
t: .:ii t;,iir ailoliitt Contempt of the Chine/e on the other •,
v.. i-ii apjH-ars by the Otficers Belraviour towards lx.>tli
N..i:(jiis. Such as tranlac-t .\ftairs with the DitUb, Muvc
1 1 mini with '.iK utmoi\ Civility ; but thole tliat liave to
^ '1 vuth the Cl'infj'e, v.W them like .Slaves •, and, it ever
't:i'yofttr to complain, aiilwer them with tlieir Cams.
this, however, they endure, IxTaule thtir I'lolit is

(j,

!iey eiulure,
i tor, in tlie iirll place, the Price fixed on their
■ ^'Ax.s isir.uth above their Value, and, in the next, tluy
^ gun ixtravajj;antly u|H)n tome ol the Ciooils they pufcliale

•■•Ilk-Coiiiiiry, tho" by otiiers they lofc.
[ ^ ' liKy have y.sp.in aWmi U.'.'il^cr 10. in order to return
^ t'j (M:on III the liril v\ cek ot Sovnnbtr, that they may

. 'j' ';'"i'' ''^''"^'' ''"■' ''''"P^ '■"' •"■■ l-'<ropf, lince otlurwile
^ "■' 'Vll I'ait ot tile I'rolit ot the N'oyage Ls loll, becaiilc
^ "j"U^ it thrir^ Cirj^o lies, in tii.it C.ite, iiixin their
^ i-!i .yi lull Yeiir. Thus you tec wh.u a mighty Advan-
/^':;' the Mrrdiaiits in the Enjl hij.a elenve trum the
^ |j:e-winus, whuh wirry tlitm to y../..'( at the proper
■'^~.:i, aiKi bnn- them back a: iht iuopcr .Scalya )ikc-

' wile. According lo the bell Con i|uitat ions tlut ran be

' made at liatavia, the ChiHffe gain .mnually liy cho Trade

' o\yapan eleven Milium ot (niilders, which make oiir

* Million Sterling. This, I hope, you will conliiler us .1

* lull Anlwcr to your l^uellion, tho" it h certain I niiulit

* liave infirttd iijum many other Particulars i hut, in I ton-

* ceive you aim ehielly at a Coinparilim between the Ctim-
' merce ol the Cbinefi; and ot the Dutib, I have inllltal only
' on llich Circumftuncts, ai were nccetVary for thut I'ur-

* pole.

' VI. iriai is Ihe true Name, Exltnt, SiiualitH,aHJPre-
' liuie i.j the IJliiml, in which the Uutcli have their itifhnf
' anJ in what manner Jo they live there'f The Dntth wrrt'
' lorincrly fettled 111 the Illand ot Itrando i ami the inaiiit
' in whicli they arc now fettled, is prop-rly lalletl DtfimA,
' It IS, Urldly Ipeaking, an aitiliiial Ifland, which wiii
' railed on purpoti: to contine the Portugufjl- in the Year

|6^/;. This is generally reputed to 'have ban drawn
' upon them by the Intrigues of the Dm, hi and, if the
' Fact be true, they have lulVercd vei-y julUy |or their Con-
' trivance. 1 his Iil.wui is a kinil ol Oblong, joineil to tlie

* City of Nans^afaqiii, which is fituated in the l.atiiude of
' ii' North, by a lloneHridge, witha wixulen Draw i..idge

* at tlio I'.nd. Where tlic Bridge joins the Ciry, there \<SA
' (hong Gr/)/ de Guard, where a conlideiable Niimlxr of
' Men are |x)llcvl Night and Day. At the I'.ntranie from
' the Bridge tlu re is a hirgt; Ifoiie I'lllar, upon wliii h hang,
' inkvcral I'abrs, the b.mperor's b'.dicis lor the Kegtil.itioii
' ol ihc IhiUb '1 lade ; and three high Pods are ti t up in
' til.' Sea, to mark tlie Pl.iecs where tbc Duith Shijisareto
' anelior, to ]>ieveiittliur coming near tlie City. Th.TllamI
' is pal.ladoed round, like a Park, .ind thole I'aliladoci
' tpikcd. It i.-, not, in its greatelf 1 .xteiit, akive .• (O P.ues
' in I Aiigth, and not above eighty broad. I'lu re 11 a Slrect
' .icrols It, with Houles, or rather 1 luts, on both Sidet,
' the lower Story ot which Krvcs lor a VVaiehoiile, and the
' upiKTtor the Lodging-rooms ofiuch as lefule there,

' 1 lure is, in this little Spot, a very convenient I inure
' for the CL'inefc Diredor of Trade, w ho i onus thither when
' tlu- Ships arrive ; betides .another haiulliime Moure for the
' y.'/ffw^yi- Magillrate, who alw.iys refutes there, which hau
' likcwik- its Ciarilen: For it is to be obkrveii, timt, in all
' tiicir great Cities, the Jiipomfe havi: a particular Magi

* ll.ate in every Street, who is ealleil the Ottmn and tluy
' look upon the lil.md of Di/ima as nothing more than it
' Streit .idiled to their City »<f AV(Hi;wyj'w ; .iiul tluivloh'
' tlieie is ,m Ot:ai:a lure, as well as in other Streets, Aiuillu r

• Proot that tins belongs ablbliitely to the Natives, ,iiiil is
' not at all conviycd to the Jhitih, is, that thefe l.ill are
' obliged u> pay a very high Kent tor their little woinlen
' lloufes to t hole who were (.riginally at tiiu Charge of
' building them, when the Poitu^ueh weri' lent thithei', By
' this Account ot the lOaiul, you will eaCiiy perct ive, th.iC
' it produces little or nothing, and that tiiere is no Ktx)tn

♦ to plant any thing in, it they were perniirred to tin it by
' the 'Jiipouefe, whicli they are not, but are turnithed from
' Day to Day witii all the Neceilaiies of Lite at a very hi^^li
' Price, and by Inch only as have this Monopoly put mta
' their Hands by the (iovernor.

' Tlie Dutch, refulent in this Illand, fcidom exceed tiitf

» Number ot torty-tivci and tiie Jupotiefe oblige them ta

» ehangi tiuir Chief every Yta-, although, alter lie hilH

' been ubleiit two Years, the fame Perton may be lent .igaln v

' lb tliat (omnuinly there are three Perfons, who have this

' Poll by way ot Kot.ition ; viz. oiurdident in the lll.ind,

' another on the Ro.ul, and a thiiel ri'poling at tlitiiviiit

• till his two Years aretxpiitd. f )ii the Whole then tdre,
' tho* the Diilih have taken all the P.iins they can loniake
' tiiis I'l.ice as tonvenient .is pollible, yet, m Ipiie ol all
' their Cue, It is a very in.iirteivnt .Mxjile, ami veiy liitlii
' reliinblesanyot their other Seitlcnunts in the Jui/i hiMo,
' They aie alii) iiuu h lellraiiuil in tluir .uMiiig any thinn
' either to tb-ir Houles, Mag.i/iiies, or little Wh.irls lot'
' landing their Cjoods, tince tliey cannot build, or make
' the Icall Alter.uion, without tirtl deliveiin;; a Pennon,
' with a Plan annexed, to the Ottviia, by whom it is tninf-
' mitted to the Ciovernor i lb that it is tinr.etinieH 11 lull
' Year k fore they can obtain thi-. Puiiiilhoiii and t ven
' then thtrc is an Iiil'iH-dor appointed to l(;c, thai 111

I iioil'.inn

m
h'f

''U

iii,''

1. I
1^

504

//;,. V Y A Ci l[ S oj

Book I.

ill 'I

*^*

.■J

• nothing they cuccfd their oiigmal I'Un : ^ct, iftl>

• rc.illy lull any kiii.l ot' Kort cii this lllaml, it w»)iil>l '>

• put thvin out ..t the l'..w<r ot ihc jAfm-jf, who ,>rf .1

• VI ry sy.irl.ke an,l i-owcrtiil INoj^Ir. aiul who. vn ""• ''■•''

• ApiHaraiK.- ol l<mc, wouM n.,' tail, lirtl to |>roliibit uH
' Cominme witii fhr Duuh, ami luxt employ tlu' whole-
' .Strenntli ot their l-.mpiri; to ihive th<iii out ot thnr

• laitory. .,111

• VII. in,u arttbt Kflhu'luifJ tbt I>ufch ujuaLy Ultur

• Hii.lfr h.'i in Ibc ,.inu»i en of ihfir Commrnf * In the
' liill plau , tiuy arr torbulilcn to liiul any Ship* In' "t.

• tliat liivc any \'\\\\\k\ wlutevcr at tliiir J>tim> 1 bnauli'

• tlu- Jipv.tit cnnliiler thcic as InHiltJ on thrir Kdifvo".

• roinc 01 thdc l-iRuri-s !iavingaccul>ntally rdcuiblcil their

• l.lols. I . '.y arc nUrainal irtim lending (iooiU beyond
» the V.ili, ot ^So.o.o Tads «rTayales/'<-r //•»«»»•. A«
' loon a.', trr \x ihips arrive, th> y tall iinincdiati-iy uiuicr t! c

• I'ower o- the fiifcritit, who take all thur Cannon, Snu.-
» ariib, .Sail-. Cor.lane", ami Ip.irc Aiuhors into tiuir I'ol

' ll-flion. Ihe t.rews ot thile Ships arc conhneU to thf
' ManJ, as will .j tlie I'cofilc ol the 1 aaoiy, imUl!. thiy
' have a Liuna f^rantcil thcin to t;o into i'k- (.ityv ami
' even this is r.lliaincd to lour at a time. I in- Fmts ol

• tiuir (iooi's .lie let I7 the- 'Japoncf( Pirei'tors of 1 ratle,

• ai .ire lik wile ih-: I'ncs oi the lioo.is they take in V\-
' ».lunj;e \ r\^ Js.ilcsare mule when and how thiy ple.ile.

' It ij trtr-, 'hey are allowed to fenii the Chief ot their

• Faif^orv, Willi t«o or thre-- ;\ttcn lar.is. to "felio, to jxiy

• tkeir Rclixifts to the l iinx ror i but, in fiiiir journry,
' theyilway". tuv^ 1 under the Kl'cort ot a yd/^^wi-'HiiiarJ,

• wiio will r.dt liiiVir them t > make any Kxiurlioin into the
' Country by the Way, 01 \a vifit any t;reat I.on's or

• I'limes. 'i lie)' are und< r the Ume, or greater, K< lti.iintJ
' durinp; the Ih. it Stay they make at Jeddj), where they

• J'.avc little otli.r iJuHnels than to deliver thiir I'rcler.ts to

• the I'liijcior, M\>.\ to paituular I'rinces and (ir.mdee< of

• l.i> Cou;t ; :o iiiKW tiie Treaty ol Coniinene, whuli,
' beinj^ a Ihi-j^ot I'oim, ii IjKcdily difpatihed -, and then
' thiy arc crieud to return, Iia\ .rii; a Ciiiaid ab<.ut tl r^n

• w hiie thi y reniain tiure, ami annthrr to < leortr them Kic k.

• After timr Sales are over at their 1 aftory. .md the Wind

• IS fair for their Kituin home, thty have their Cinnon,

• .Snwll-.irms, .'^.liis Arkliur.. an.! Ki^tkiiv.:, leftund ro
.ir.d arc direcled Ij depart witliuiit DJay ; witii

thty an- ( !i!i'^:.\'. loi.oniplv. It is U) Ik- ohferved,

ilu/r,
wliu I

tuut moll lit tlui'. lURri-tii'iis have iern luit lately im-
pofcJ, tiiat ji to lay, witlii.i tlieic lall hfty V. ars, l;nce the
griat I'loublci in fap.,'t, uiirr-in 400,000 Chnllians loll
tiuir Ijves, AxA the hmpire ran the 'itmi-ll 1 lazard of
Ixmg overturn!. li 1 winch is the true Caule why the 'Ir.po-
nej't !i.ivr .Stranu;erJ, and the Kel:;',i(in of .Str.ir.^eis, in
fueh Abhorrerce •, tor, betore th.it time, the Dut(b lud
gn.it Pnvilei^cs, and were in !ii;;li Credit j wlure.w now
tiiey ,ir- exixilld to m-v I lardlhi|;s every Day, whiih
they kiow not how to avoitl, and to whuh they find it
very liitfitiilt to fu.';. it.

' VIll. // iat Stmc:r efSlipsare tmtJoyed in dnyTradt ?
ij ■j.ha: I ■ >\{'f iibrn do tbfy fjil from H.i'avia ? at .bnt

■ Time do ii.\-i If till II 'f and -.'lutt art the (OKipuled I'r.fiis of

■ the Voy.ji^r? 'liw ;);/.'(/' irml annually tour .Sinp-, from

' Ba:,n':a to 7''/""'. «' Ivlwetn thirty .md litty I'leces of

■ Cannon •, but tiuy are indifTerently armed, f.)r tw.) Rea-

• fons: 1-irll, biaule theie is little or noD.m^er in thcfe

• Seasi and, ltfon(ily, that they nuy f^ivr the leh.Su(pK;on
' to tlic j.ip:nej':, v,\\o do not c.ire to lee Ships of great

• 1-brce upon ti.eir Coaft. 'I l,clr V dels .1;, 1 idt-n with
' futh turcpean ami Jiiduin (kmkJs us .'.re i.-i Demand at
'■ Juj,M, tuih a^ hi^hih and l')uiil Clochi, C'an.blets ol

■ all forts, Brwades dold an.! Silver, very tieh Silks of all
Coloui^, a.-id el'jci Lilly (nmfon, a:.d wlute r.iw S;lk, raw
Cotton, aiid fpuriCotton/l'aix llrK^,l.rn!,Steil, an.l .Sub-
hiiwrc, .^U!i.iiM,t all luH', .Spiuj. ol all kinds, Mcrocco
IxMiiirr, .-ind all loiu of Skins, p.iui(ul.irly Buck and
iJw, (-1 wlacli thy carry a pr«!i-.ous (jijantitv, and
aljout haif the C^iantity ot Oxhul. >. They lail witli this
Cargo alxyut fiine i.j. and the lirtl Land they make 1,
ufuaily tiie III^ id uX PJtiiiiin, which is in the I latitude of

■ I- ^o. North Ther- tiiey take n\ W.itcr, .mtl otlwrKr.

■ (rclhnu.-ti-, and then coMinuc ti.eir Voyay,- to Juptiii^

where they p.enerally arrive in thf ^'ginninfn of yftn,i
and li'ul cV(ry tlnng rtady pr(p.trul lor tluni , i„,,i;'
their (iiMkls are quickiy i(ot on Ihore, anj brought ^
their \tarehoufes, liirted, and fitted lor .s.tir, [\^\l '*
chants liWrwile are funimoneil from the .iiijaccnt Cou'
trKA, and hiv,- Catr,! ipir« given them w the Goo
brought by the la/' Meet ( (o that every th ;!■; u 0,,.^,
the Litter I'.nd ol < :*6i'ti, ai.! the Ships .1 ready 1,,,
very early in the n. « Month, when the Jtip^^ij,
tail to prefs them to Ik- gone. Of all the Rcftiictiiir
1 taile l.u'iours nrder at pnfenf, the /'«< .'.-/(> are muii
uneafy by their having; rheir (.^iMntity f (iotxlsjnv
and of thi« thrreli ic they eoniplained bitterly to tin i ,
an, and at lall to the l-.inperor liimli li.

* The j.-pomft treated ihem, uw thiiOccafion, With ijrf •
Addrefb : I'hey tokl them plainly, that tiuy knew ^.\
underthxxl the thing t<' K- an I lardlliip ■, and jt t!|^' |j„ .
time infmuated, that it did not pnneed Iruin any Dt^'
tlenee ot, or DilVefp'Ct l«<, ttic Dnub, but wjj tionf p,,..
to ju^ity the Lime Ketlraint on the Cbintj:, the Nnfi.^.
ot whole Junks iiicreaUd every Year •, and ai ilic-i <*(■■
IriiiiKiitly lart/irs aniongll them, they tuu.d r.yt rK ,
luljKi'ting, that they might luve li.me worfe l)tlig;i|ij.
gitting Money by I'rade -, but, for Icar ul brinpne i,-.-
I'.vil ujHjn tliemlelvts, which ilwy wcfcli' ouiin^t^ iv.i'
tliiy thought It ne ell^ity to liy this K itra.r; j;;
Duiib, as well as the CbiMtft, llur the l.u- n ■ 'j,
the lels Ke.ilon to compi un. 1 hry pn i
ilut this Kegul ,; on Ihould lie very tend, \

a.> to give the /)«/,/» veiy little Tr-.>ublc 1 m 1*11.1 ..rcpic,
It is laid, the 'Japone/t have bci u a» good a< that Wor^:,
asiiuUeii ihey aie 111 every thinj^ ; for, at-.it r«thfir>,4.-.
lular C-..rtan , and the Warmth with wh.ch ilitj j-
attaehetl to tl.em, there ij, pcrh-,ips no N'.ition m th;
World niorejul\ more realonabley c^r even a.'jrcy.;)
.Stranger?.

* The /)».7iii took Advant.ijre of this Stroke rf Pi! ,
at 'Japan, to make a ncv.' ()rdcr for tjic Krg'jlatnn ,:
tluir own Affairs i »nd a very wif: one i; was. Ihi
are very I 'nrible, that People do rot feti!.- m tlif .'u ,-
to make Oblirv.itions in Natural lliftory, but ti)>c:.-.-
I-oitunes; tiut Men lubmit to the Ilatdliiipsthcyi.ii'.-,
for the lake of ptirehaliiif, future l-',if- ; ami tlut t-
Navigation in the .Seas of "Jupiii i< ili perilous, t!u: ; 1
but realonablr, e\en the Si.incn ilioull liiid an r\:r.n
diiuiy Anount in it. L'po:i thef.- Motives ;!i;v hav;
thus Ictflei! t!ie Commerce ol Jjpan: (io<'.!st'j t.ir Vj-
lur (jf three hundreel thouland Taels are ic!' <>n thf Car,-
pany's Account, and the other eij'Jity tlioul-nd isillow.J
in priv.iic I'rade, in the following I ' o|V)rtion -, ;.*:.
1-orty thouland I aels on I'lc Account oi thctievimr-
(lencral an.i Criiiiml at k^ ivia ; ten thoiilj- on.!
Account oi the new Chiel, who goes on ixj.ir.l tl ' '■".,
eiglit thouland on the Aciount 01 ;!ie Chiif *':.
come 1 lome ; and twenty two thoulaml for t!ie Of."
and Seain;n i fi) that every (.'aptain has elcv.ii .'-.irJ":
'I aels on Ins own Account, and every Sraniin t»''i
II any ol thrle IVople have not Money In tiirrall • r
Share ot theC'aigo, it is cither ailvanx-vl on their V ., ^,
or [iicy .iri allowcit to 4!il|)Ole ot tluir Kij;ht t" . t
are ruher than themfclves. Thiiscv..ry .Man i' iii-f:::l"i
in tl;e Branch ot irad'-- in which he is rm|iR)y>.i, "»!
hnds his private Account in the punctual Dilihargcoib
Duty.

* In their Wff.irn, they touih a;.'.Vin, tuwarJs th' F'-
of the Month ot Dtttmiir, at the Ivlore-mtnt":;.;
libnd of J'ojimcn, whrre all the dokl is piitonlioir'
one Ship, that l.uls ininu-dutcly lor Hutnvia, buti.H? rf"
continue then Voyage to Miilnaa, where an M^on
menr is ma !e (>ut <.t the(jo*)ds they biing honif for'"
leveral Markets ot tiic Indies. It is ailowei!, tlut !•'
Conunnce ot Japan is very niu> h funk, in [HJint ci I"*
fit, to what It W.IS-, and it :s hkewifc tm-.-, tlutgra-
i-olli-s .ire lre')uri'.tly lullained therein ; but, al;rrjll, :■
IS llill very ci<niii'e:ablc 1 fo thar, on tlie bell Con-pa-
tion that can Ik made, it prtMluces annually to?hcC«r-
pany i>etiir than five Milhonot Guilders, crhalfaM'-
ho!, .Sterling, ex>.lulivc ol the great Adv.mtjgrs ll'-itf=-
fuit fiom the Daliibuiicn of i.hc L.fl;itJ tiuaght licRi

Chap. I.

Commodore R o c g e w f. i n.

30?

. 'jtf** iivrrall the Mitt, wliith m«y pcrluj,* »inount to

• asn nh niorc. .

. I lyirf I ill Obicftion, that murt naturally anlc in yovir
, Mind, to thu Account, groun(1ed on the I. ttl«i Rqiort
, 0, ,11 Writcrj on the Attair* of 'Japan, viz. tliat (i"Ui it

• a contrib-imi ( omniodity -, which is troc, and <il late

• Vears lb it Silver alfo,and Prrfons urf Icvcrcly punilhrd,
' who attempt ti) tranfjiort cither out ot the Country : Yet,
. J, thf fif,intft arc a wife IVople, and know that cvi ry

• thing lii'- it« prf'l'cr ^'alue, fo in Conlidcration that the

• lm>b irai^ie with tli"'i »" their own Icrnis in cviry re-
. fpj^i, thry grant thtm Ijrrnres, at the Rmirn ot every

• Hr«! for an (am <Jyantity of Gold, and pcrliapj arc

• ni>' «ry "*^^ '" •'■^'"8 *'•" Licence eoinpiicd with :

• T.icrf u another I'hing which I otiglu to explain, and

• that IS, the Value of the Taci or Tayal, which, by the

• way, Ik both a Weight and a Coin, the Value ot which

< the /)W(i rrtimatc at three (iuiJders and an halt •, and I
' tike it to be very near the Englijh Noble, or the Third-
' partol a I'lMid Sterling. I mull iikewife obfcrve, that

• the PrcfentJ lent to the limjicror, and his Minifters, arc

< not comprcheml' ' in the Company's Allowance . And

• Imuft ail'l to til that the 'Japontft Courtiers have a
' very finguUr Cufti m. which is, that they never accept

• a I'rclent from a Man 'ley don't intend to Icrvc j nor
« will they receive then-i at all, if above tiw dual Value,
' Iron an Apprchcnfion that lumcthinn extraorilinary may
' beex(ieftu1. They are likcwH'e very (ondiu and open,

• love to Ik (Irak vMth treely, and condemn the Chintft as
' a fniKlulent deccitlul People, whom, therefore, ihey ul'e
' with the utmolt Indignity -, whcrcav, it an Europtan docs
' nothinij t" forltit hislloifiur, he is fure of being treated
' amongit them with the iitinotl iMKndfhiji and 1-fleem \
' but he IS not to exp<(ft, that they Ihoukl > . r-T w"h him
' into any Secrets of their (mvernmcnt, for that is u ^lubjcft
' tn whirh they arc rimarkably rctervcel.

' IX. //( w (omei tl fo pap, that tht Dutch, u ajjumef)
' d/'pcli( a Pcwtr ibrou^bout the V^ Indies, _/«iww'/ to fu(h
'JIaviJb Rtjlntliom at are put on them h tl'e Jajxjnelc?
' tfiiu, fartiiularh, kcw (omct it that they doiy tbfir ieinjf
' CtrijiiaHi ? 1 mull eoniefs this Qiirftson a little lurprifcs
' niei bccauk 1 very little imagined, that one, wholbju-
' (iiciouily ilillin^iiillie'.! the I'.rrors and Confufions into
' which Vuyjgc-writers too Irequen'ly l.dl, flioukl hiin-
' f.lt' follow them in a Mift.ike like this. 'I'he Dutch do,
' in "JapM, wlu'. cvi ry Man ought 10 do who refiilcs in a
' foreign Country \ that i;. to liy, they llibmit to the I.awv,

• jT.il, ai t.ir as tliey arc al>I ■, avoid giving OtVcnce. In
' other Countries ot the /«■/;<;, they live as their Circum-

• Haiices permit ; that is, they arc Mailers in lome, Sub-
' jccls in others, and Strangers and vSejourners in the reft.
' As to their Condud in Japan, it is tar from bringing
' upon them any Diferrdit ; they ne\cr fought, cither un-
' ar I'rctonee of Trade <jr Keligi' n, to return Evil tor
' (louil, or to dillurb thole, Irom wivjni they received Pro-
' tfdtion. The Ftrtugiieji were, in fome me.ifurc, in Pof-
' fclTion of the Tratir when they had iirll Acccfs to Japan -,
' and if the Dutch prrKured Ixavc to Hiirc in that Coin-
' merer, it was certainly what dicy had a Riglr to alk, and

• the f.mjxror of Japan to give : Vet it was not without
' mueh DiiRtulty, and all imaginable Oppofition from the
' hmguefc, that they procured it.

' As to the Hardlhips and Rellriclions under which they
' labour, they are partly oW, partly new: As to the old ones,
' they arofc from the Conlhtution of the Knipire, whieh
' "" Strangers hoil a Right to alter. Tnat the DuUb lub-
I muted t ) thefc, could givo no iull (Grounds for Reproach •,
I uccMiikthe/'er/a^i/cy^, who were as jealousof their Honour,
I >s any N..t.on, had lubmitted to them before, without in-
I cumng any Rertcftion. As to the new Rellridions,
^ they arolc trom the Seditions and Rebellions ot the Ja-

I _ tontft Papiil,, vvith whieh the Dutch ha^i nothing to ilo ;
^ anil ,t they fuiTcr for the Precautions, that the bad Con-

j , I '„"' ^''"'"^ Converts rendered nccelVary, it ought to
^ w tllamed rather tlieir Misfortune, than tluir Fault, cliat

I _ t!iey bvc been obli^'ed to fubii>it to 1 lardflups they did

j ^ rut uclerve to h.iVe inipolcd upon them : Yet, to Ihcw

^ ie,ij, that the Dutch iiavc done nothing more in this than

™ f Nations would do, I muft oblcrveto you, th.it all

' the Nations, cxcludcilby riel-.did agaii.ft IhfChiilliani*
' have folieitfd (o be reflo id, and i., trade upon the fame
' I'ermii with the Duub: And it u to ti. ir want of Succeli
in this Apuliraiion, that you ought to attribute the Ketlec-
tions you have heard, on the Mctnnrii and Pulillammity
' ol tfic Dutch, in bearing wjrh the Jvponeft Impolitions.

• Ai to the common Imputation of their denying tlvcm-
' felves to l)e Chr.llians, I Hatter myfelt, that I Ihall be
' able to fliew you the I oily of it. The Jafoneft are
' much too Wife a Nation t(j j/ive «n)r Credit to fuch an
' Adertioii, if the Dutch had Ixcii wicked enough to have
' attcmptid to impofe on them by it. The Inith of the
■ Matter is this : The Dutch, at the Time of the Perfc-

* cution, deelarcel, that their Intention in coming to 7<i-
' pan was purely tor the fake ot I'radr \ and tliat they dki

* not pretend to trouble the I'cace of the Empire, as the
' /V/«^«<r/> h. d done : They farther allege, andcertainl/
' with I'rufh, that their Religion dillercd in many rcfpedb

* from that of the Papitls. Now I cannot fee, what there
' ii blameable in liKh a i. ondudt j and, on the Whole, you
' will find, that, inll > oi denying thcmlelves to be Chri*
' ftians, tluy only avowed thcmillves I'l ,tcftants. As a
' Proof ot this, give me Leave to put you in mind of the
' Inftrudions given by Lewis XIV. to the Sieur hratteit

* Carron, when \v iMteiulcd to have fcnt him on an Km-
' balfy to the I'.mjicror of Japan ; wherein he direrts him

* to allure that Monarch, that, though his moft Chriftian

* Majefty was ot the fame Communion with the Port*-
' ^"CA"' y^t many of his Subjefts were not, but of the fiime

* Religion with the HoUmders •, arxl that, if his Imperial
' Majclly would .ulmit the brencb to trade in his Uomi-
' nions, he would take care that Trade (hould be managed

* by fuch of his .Subje<:ls as were ot that Religion.

* This I think to lull in Anl'wcr, in every rel'pe(fl, to
' your Ci^ielbon, that, I iiO|x-, it will intirely cure you of

* vour Prejudice in that relped, and bring you toackiiow-

* ledge there IS nothing, eitherofVVickediif.s or Blafphemy,

* in thciravowingihey trade with the Japoncjt as Hollanders,

* without drawing Religion at all into the Qucllion : After

* all, the Dutch certainly found their Account, and, pcr-

* haps, always will, in their Commerce to Japan, notwith-
' ftanding the new Reftrittions \ though I think it very
' doubtful, whether any other Nation would or not; and
' for this plain Reufoii : The greatell Part ot tK Cargoes
' they lend to Japan, arc the Produce of their own Do-
' minions in the Eajl Indies ; as, on the other hand, the
' principal Markets to which they carry the Commodities

* ot Japan, are likewile' within their own Dominions, or
' at leaft Places where they have Kaftories. Thus, I hope, I
' have fully anfwered all your Quci us, and let the Nature of
' the Dutch Commerce, in this Country, in a true Light.

* It would have been much caller for me to have written a
' Volume upon this SubjcL't, than to have confined myfelf
' w ithin fo narrow a Compal's •, but I lind you are no great

* Friend to volummous Wiitings, neither indeed am \.

* Your Qiiettions are certainly very plain, and very perti-
' iient, ex(ireiring tully, though in few Words, what it is
' you want to know. If my Anlwers (hall be lb happy as
' to appear liitistaetory to you, and fupply that Knowledge

* which you have fought for ellewherc in vain, they will
' nuke ample Amends for the Pains they have coll me.
' At all I'.vents, I am confident you will efteem them, as
' the Marks ot that tincere Fricndlhip which their Author
' h.is for you ; and will therefore pardon whatever Millakes
' your Penetration may dilcover.'

30. The Eaji India Company luve eftablilhed three
Fadories ; the Heads of which luve the Title ot Relidents,
who correlJK)nd dircdly with the Governor-General of
Batavia, and are not dependent on any Governor or Di-
redur whatever, as other Fadors, who have the Title of
Rcfidcnts, are. The firft of thefe independent Refidents
V, fixed at Cberibon, on the Coall of Java, at the Dillancc
of forty Leagues itom Batavia, where the Company carries
(;n a Very advantageous Commerce in Coffee, Cardamoms,
Iniiko, Cotton, Uc. The Land is as fertile in Rice, and
other Provilions, ;is perhaps any Country in the World.
It is of coniideiat)le Extent, and the People who inhabit it
;u-e under the Dominion ot four great Lords, who were
toinierly tilled Pangerans^. /. e. Piincesj but arc now ftiled
•i 1 Sultans,

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Sciences

Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0

(716) •72-4503

3o5

ne VOYAGES of

Book f.

W'^':'

!-' If.

■%'

Suhans, 1. 1. Kings, though thrir Authority is not much
extended in ccnfequencc ot their new Titles. There is one
of them who is partiaiiarly called the Company's Sullan,
becaufe he is always attached to the Dutch Intereft. To
fay the Truth, they might be all four very properly called
the Cempatrf's SuIiohj, fincc they arc under her Proteftion,
and are delivered from all Apprehenfions from the King ot
BMtam; who was heretofore continuilly at War with them,
and had undoubtedly reduced them under his Subjeftion,
if the Company had not afliftcd them, and driven the
Bimtamtfe out of their Territories. Thefc Princes have,
fince that time, at well out of Gratitude for Favours paft,
as in Expcibition of conftant Protcftioii for the Time to
come, granted the Company great Privileges in their Do-
minions; amongft the reft, that oferefting a Fort at
Cfrm*e«, where they have a Garifon of fixty Men, as
well as a Faftory, very well fituated, and in pcrfeft good
Older.

About half a League from this Fort are the Tombs of
the Princes of Cbirihon, in a vaft Temple, erefted pro-
bably for that Purpofe : They arc three Stories high, ami
are built of various Kinds of fine Stones. It is faid, that
thefe Tombs contain immenfe Riches, which, though Icit
unguarded, the Princes are in no AMrehenfion fhouM he
carried away, from a Pcrfuafion, that they are protefted
in fome fupernatural Way \ and they report many Indanccs
di Perfons who have dropped down dead on ajjproaching
the Places, where thole Riches arc hid, with a thievilh
Intent. There arc many People who believe, that the
"jftvantft Pnefts, who are MebmrnitJattS, have a Power of
caufing futidcn Death by their Inchantments : Our Author
intimates fome Doubt of thitt, aitd.yet tells us fome very
odd Sturirs, ot his own Knowledge t fuch as, that thefe
Pricfts are able to inchant Crocodiles and Serpents, making
the (brincr go in and out of the Water at their Pieafure -,
and the latter remain in what Pofture they pleafe. If this
was realiy the FffcCt of any fupernatural Power, and not
produced by Lmc natural Caule, ctwccaled by the Priefts
•rem the Peopk-, one would thinlc th<y might have de-
livered tluir I'rinces from the BaniatHtft, without leaving
them to feck Afliltancefrom the Company : However that
be, here are a Multitude of thefc Priefts maintained about
this remple, many of whom have gone in Pilgrimage to
Mtiha^ tor which Reafon they have much Refpedl paid
them. The whole Body of this Ptiefthood is govemetl by
one fovereign I'ontift", who is moir revered than the Sul-
tans themftlvcs. Our Author tells us, that there was
formerly a \*ery confiderablc EngUjb l-'aftory at Cberil>on,
with a litde Town belonging to it •, but that the Perfons
belonging to the Factory intriguing with the Natives
Wives this fo provoked the People, that, in one Night's
time, they maifacred them all, and deftroyed the Town.
It is very probable, if we cotJd come at tiie Truth of ihis
Story, tliat they were [wt upon diis cruel Aftion by fome
ol their ChriftanNeigliboun.

The fecond Ktfulcnt lias the Dircdion of the Company's
Affairs in t!ie Kingtlom of Siam, and has an AlTirtant or
Book-keeix;r under him. The Company carry on a very
confidtiable Tr.u'.c here, in Tin, Lead, Elephants Teeth,
Gums, Lack, WckjI, aiul other Commodities. The King
ot Simi i'. a very confidcrablr Prince, and his Territories
are near three hundred I .cagiics intjctentj and, as he is
himfeli mucli aiitiidcd to Commerce, he fulTcrs all Na-
tions to trade Ireely through his Dominions : Ships, how-
ever, of any (^veat Uvinicn, arc obliged to come to an An-
clior, at the Dift.mcc ol thirty-fix Leagues fiom his Ca-
piul, becaulc the River Ah>iai$, uj^n which it lUnds is
fo rapid, tliar tiity could not a,n up without great Diffi-
culty. Tins River, like the A;/,-, rmd many others in the
hJieu ovcriiows its Ba.ks at a rertain Sealiin, fo that for
h«J» the Yrar the bi ft Part ot tl« Cwmtry is under Water ;
and, lor this Rcalon, the I louks art all built uixin
Pofts.

1 heCapir.il of tlii<> Countiy i^ a very large City, ronfift-
ing f)t at leuli •jn/.rxj Houles ; and, as our .•\uthor reports,
ot ?o,oo<)T.;ii;'les: 1 he ^\^„y,U• arc all /\a)ii, and arc
famous for a tcrtuin Maxim tiuyhave, that all Rvlii'ions
are i;„<)(i, provui. d th'-j tend to the I lonour ot (j.kI.
1.117 «*■••"••. hjwivcr, thti: mi iIk belt •, thwi{ih, upjn

fome Occafionsj they are ready to own, that the God 01
the Chriftiansis moft powerful, becaule the Head of thnr
principal Idol has been twice beat fo-pieees by Thunder
This Statue is, perhapsi the biggeft in the WorW, a,- •
the Dutch call it in Denfion Tht great Blockhead tf ft ;
He is reprefented fitting, with his I^gs under him, likt j
Taylor ; in which Pofition he is fcvcnty Feet lugh, j,;,t
every Finger of him as big as a Man : At three Ujg,;^ ,
Diftance Irom the Capital there is a Temple, prodigiouf,'
large, in which there is an Idol, not quite fo tall a ti'
former. The Priefts tell the People, that this is theWnc
of the other j and that once in feVen Years ftie goes to C
him, or he goes to vifit her. They likewife perfiiadnl
them, that this enormous Statue, as well as the othtr, »>
all of Iblid Gold j but the laft Clap of Thunder that hi
upon it, dctcded this Part of the Cheat, and Ihrwrd it
to be no more than Brick and Lime, very artificially piicj
over.

One may juftly wonder, that this did not put an Fnrf to
the Adoration of fo wretched a Deity-, but, where. Sup r
ftition prevails, the plaineft Proofs very fcldom pioducc
any F.ltefts. It is, however, proper to obfcrve here, that
our Author's Account fets us perfeftly right as tu tlnj
Matter, which has been ftrangely cmbaralTcd by t!ie .Ac-
count given by the Jefuits, who attended the FmhlJadgr
fent to the King of Siam by Lewis XIV. They give us a
large Dcfcription, both of the Temple and the Idol ; but,
it (cems, they fwallowed the Story of the Javantfe Prirfts ;
lor, after talking of the prodigious Size of the Statue, ard
alTcrting, that one Foot weighed one hundred and t^t-cn;)'.
five Pounds, they inform us, with great Aftorillimci.;,
that this monftrous Idol is all of pure Gold ; and then enttr
into a Computation as to the Value of the God of 5,«,
which they very judicioudy fixed at twtlve Millions i-.d
an hali' of Frtntb Money. At the fame time they acknow-
ledge, that it is not cafy to conceive, how this Mais ot
Gold was got together, fince, at the Time tliey were ih:r:,
the Siamefe were not pnxligioufly rich : But the Thundci-
clap has (blved all thefe Doubts, and ftiewn us, that thttc
is no Reafon to give Credit to the wonderful Stories t!u;
arc told by Indian Priefts, to magnify the I'owcr of thtir
Gods, or the Wealth of their Worlhipjitrs.

As for this Kingdom of i>iam, it fcems to be a pcrF.;^
Larxl of Wonders; for our Author tells us, that thij
ftiew there a Gallows of a prodigious Height, made 0! 1
Wood as hard as Iron, which they affirmed to be tlic in-
dividual Gallows that Haman was hangeti ujx)n : And tha
Story, no dcubt, is as true as the former 1 and the Gii-
lows is much the fame with that recoak-d in the Book of
Efibtr^ as the gigantic Idol was pure Gold. I am, hn»-
ever, inclined to believe, that thejrtcj might Icrmci'y
ereft this Gallows in Memory of that of Haman -, whence
the Miftake might anfe. The Country of Siam is sch
rich and fruitful, and there is a confiderable Trade ca.TicJ
on by the Cbtnefi. Our Author juftly obfer\'es, that tlic
Dut<b have great Privileges here, and are conlidr red .w li:
moft favoured Nation ; antl he has likewife alligncJ t.'e
true Caufe ol this, which, he fays, was the bad Behaviftur
of other Strangers, meaning very probafily the Eni'.-.lk
who, he fays, loft their Credit with the Natives, by ihex
being too familiar with their Women. The Truth of t.':
Matter is, that, lince the great Revolution which hamieai
at .y«<fM, a little after the Depirturc of the Frmih 1 !:>•
balTadors, the Dutch grew into Credit with the new Kirg,
becaufe the Englifit were intruftcd with the btft Ilaces n
the Government, civil and military, by his Piedcctdfr,
whom he lud murdered. It was not, therefore, conliftf:
with his I'olity, to have any great Correfpomiemc withtlw
Nation that he knew was not well affefted to hisTii:.
The Favour he (heweil the Dutch, became a Rule t) ->
SuccefTors, and they have been very much corcfllJ i*''
lince. They have a Faftory about a Mile b«low ^^
City of Si(im, on the Side of the River, which fnab^
them to collrft great Quantities of Deer fkir.s, which I'f
annually friit t(i7(i/t(7«-, and this Commerce, together*-!
fh.it of Tin, of which there is great Abundance, anJve *
fine, in tins Kingdom, makes the Company takf n'''"
Pains to oblige the King of Sia»i, than moft of their Nciff'

bouts. Th'. Siamefe tlirmfclves arc muth aiUi>if" '-^

in.!'.

Chap. I«

Commodore R o g g e w e

IN.

jd^

Tride, uA the Chinift *ho rcfide thfre more ; fo that Berry grows on the Branches andTwit»» f5rft irreen, (hen

ihey annually liml Ships to Japan j which, the Difficulty of red, at lad a dark-brown Colour. The Bernes cline to

,u N»vi««tion conlidcrcd, is not a little extraordinary, the Branches, like fo many Infers j and, when they arc

They boart ot having had the Ufc of the Compals above ripe, they Ihakc off.

,000 Years before it was difcovcrctl in Europe -, but the The Dnicb have Ijere, as in moft other Places In the In-

Icluiu have obfcnrcil, and it is true, that the Comuafs with dm, a great Advantage over other Nations, by tlieir beine
J . ...L .L. rLi..r, 1. ».r„ impcrted -, which, I pre- poflcfled of the Monoijoly of Spices, which arc confumed

j,P„ 'n great giiantitirs, and confequently enable them to

come at Coffee at much cafier Rates than their Neighbours :

Yet this Trade of theirs at Mocha is continually finking,

on account of the vaft Quantities of Coffee cultivated in

their own Colonies, efpecially at Batavia, Amhoyna, and

the Cape of Good Hope : Yet the Dutch themfelves acknow-

Ictige, that there is no Comparifon between the Flavour of

the Coffee raifed in their own Plantations, and that which

IS brought from Mocha. Our Author obfcrves, that Arabia

.., .. '*' fi^Py 's divided into abundance of fmall Principalities,

to give an Aaount of their Condud, and that the Point of under the Jurifdiftion of independent Princes, ftiled Emirs^

Prtccdency might be better fettletf for the future. 1 his by which he means independent of each other ; for they all

P«y a kind of Homage, tho' little or no Obedience, to the

tlicm, M with «•«= ^'"'A " ^"y -
lume, is «>*'"8 "^ ^^ Regularity of the 1 rade-winds,
which renden an accurate Divifion of the Compafs Icfs ne-
ctfliry among them, than with us.

The third Refidency is fixed at Mocha, where the Refi-
dcnt IS always a Merchant, who has under him two Factors
or Book-keepers, as AffilUnts \ but, as they have all the
Titles of Relklcnts, there have been, of late Years, fuch
Dilputcs amongft thcin, as prejudiced the Dutch Trade ex-
cmiingly \ »"d therefore our Author tells us that they
wcrt in his lime, all three fent for to Batavia, in order

Country is under die Government of an Arah Prince, who
hu the Title of Immaum, or King, wlio refidcs at a Place
100 Milfs £^ ''■"'" M*(f>^- 1'hc Sea-port of his Domi-
nionj was formerly .'Iden ; but, that being very inconvenient,
he removed it lilteen Leagues farther to Mocha ; which was
ihfn but a I'ilhing-town. It is fituated dofc to the vSea, in
I large, dry, fandy Plain, that affords neither Fruits, nor
Water, except what is brackifh, and fu unwholfome, that
dich as are forced to drink it have long Worms bred by it
in their Legs and Feet \ which are equally troublcfomc and
dingerous. They arc fuppliwl, however, with very good
and whollbme Water from Mcfa, which lying at the Di-
ftance of twenty Miles, and the Water coming by Land-
caniige, makes it as dear to the Inhabitants, as Small-beer
in £»;/«•/ The Town of Mocha, notwithllanding this
grfat InconvenieiKr, is large, indifferently fortified, and
makrt a fine Appearance from the Sea. The Buildings are
kfty, ami make a much better Shew without, than within.
ThfirMarktts are well lurnifhed with Provifions, iiich as
Bed, Mutton of Sheep and Goats, l.,amb and Kid, Camel
ind Antelopes Flefli, common Fowls, Guiney Hens, Par-
tndgts, and Pigeons. The Sea affords Variety of Fifh, but
not wcll-tafttd } which proceeds from the extreme Saltncfs
ofthc Seawatrr, and the Nature of their Aliment. The
Town is well iurninied all the Year round with good Fruits,
(iif h IS Grapes, Pcai hrs, Apricots, and Quinces, of which
iliey make Marinclaiir, Iwth lor their prcfent Ufe, and Ex-
portition, the', near the Town, tiiere is not a Tree or Shrub
to be fern, but a few Pate- trees ■, and they feklom have
more than two or three Showers of Rain in a Year, and
oftfii no Ruin lor two or three Yenrs. But, amongll the
Mouiitiins alxHit twenty Miles off, fcldom a Morning paffes
tithiHit a nfiodcrate Shower ; which makes the Valleys very
prolific in Fruit and Corn, fiich as the Soil will bear •, but
they hive no Rire, tho' plenty of Barley and Wheat.

Sinccihe Immaum made Afcf/vitlie chief Port of his Domi-
nion?, and with.ll a free Port, it is become a Place of great
Trade, for, beCtdes the Duub F.ie'tory, tlierc is one alfo
Wonting to tlic Knxlijb Enfi India Company •, as alio a
Tride trom India rarrietl tin by En^lijb free Mcrthants,
P»"i<j:»'/r, hariiims, and Moors, and l>y \'cffels from Baf-
l:r<ih, Perfit, ,ukI Mujk<tt in .hrabta Pitr^ea. '1 he Country
ot iifdf prtxlucrs very ft-w vilu.tble Commodities, beluks
Mft, ami fome Drugs \ fuch as Myrrh, Olibamiin or
rrankinicnfe from Vfjlin, a' d Aloes Stxcotrina from :^occo-
fr«, liqw. Storax, white and yellow Arfcnic, foinc Gum
Atabir, »ml Mummy, with fome B.ilm of Giltad, that
cpmfs down the Rtdfta. The Colli e-trade hnnt>.s in a
continual Supply of .Silver and (Joid Irom Europt, Spani/h
Monry, GtrmM Crowns and other l.uropeaH Coins of Sil-
^f, alfo Zequins, Gtrm^n and Ihng^arian Dtunts of Eu-
^ViwtioKli mltrom 'lurkey I'br.unies and Mogr.ibies:
'runs Point fettled here,' th.it, notwithffanding other
'OwisKml .\lcrrhamli/.e may l)e fxnight and fold on Credit
'I'f 1 certain Tinir, Coffee is always Iwugfit for ready Mo-
^' Thr iMropt Shipping lade yearly at Mocha about
•^m^ 1 ons, nther more th.in lefs v and rlie other Nations
»N« 3(.,ooo Tons more. The whole Province (.i Bttle-
m» 1'lil.vnril with Coirp-trees which are never luffercd
«" firuw iibovc lour uv Kvc Yards high ; and the Bean or

Grand Sigiior. He likewife takes notice of a vulgar Error
as to the Colour of the Red-fea, which, he affures us, is not
at all red •, but derives that Appellation from fom.e Parts of
its Bottom being of that Colour. In the next Chapter, how-
ever, we fliall llicw, that this is a Miftake likewife-, and
that the Rcafon of this Name is the bad Vcrfion of its He-
brew Denomination, firft given into by the Greeks, and
through them propagated amongft other Nations. Thefe
Refidcnts are the la(t Officers in the Direftion of the Affairs
of the Eaji India Com|)any } and this Account of the Di-
ftindion of their Factories is fo mutli the more valuable, as
it affords us a clear Notion of every Branch of their Com-
merce through the Indies at this Day, except in the Ifland
of Borneo, and in the great Empire of China, where they
have no Faftories ; but content themfelves with trading to
both Places, as other Nations do: And of the Nature of this
Commerce our Author has likewife given us an Account,
which is far from being the leaft curious or inftruftive Part
of his Work.

37. The Ifland of Borneo is, in point of Extent, the largeft
in the Ea/i Indies, and perhaps in the World. Some Writers
lay, that it is 600 Leagues in Extent \ but the Dutch tell
us, that it' is not quite fu big. It is divided into abundance
of little Principalities, of which the moft powerful is the
King of Banjaar-Majfeen -, and, after him, the Princes of
Borneo and Saml/as. The Air of Borneo is reckoned very
unwholfome \ which is occafioned by the Country's being
low in fome Places, and marfhy. The Illand is but thinly
peopled, though it abounds in very rich Commodities.
When the Dutch firft fettled in the Eaft Indies, they were
very folicitous about cllablifliinj; tlieir Factoriis in Borneo;
and accordingly they fixed them at the City of that Name,
at Sambas, and at Succadano; but they foon found, that
there was no fuch thing as dealing with the Inhabitants, who
are certainly the baleft, cruelleft, and moll perfidious People
in the World. The Dutch theret()re quitted the Ifland, and,
though invited thither feveral times lince, have abfolutely
refuled to return.

An Enf^lifl) Fa(ffory, that was, in fome meafure, fettled
at Banjaar-Maffeen, umler the Diredtion of one N4r. Cun-
ningham, was obliged to withdraw, and at the fame time
plail to efcape j which has frighted the Englijb away alfo.
The Story is very remarkable, and worth the Hearing : It
fcems, the Pl.ice fixed on for the Fadory was very ftrangely
chofen, fince it lay in the Mouth of a River, where fome
of their Buildings liaii Beams ricd together in the Wa-
ter for their Foundation ; and the very bell of them were
built up<)n Pods, or rather upon Piles. Thefe Habitations
of theirs, forry as they were, had not yet attained their ut-
moll Perfcrtion, when the Qiiarrel happened between them
and the Banjaareens. The Chief, Mr. Cunningham, was a
very honeft, worthy Gentleman, bred originally to Phyfic
or Surgery, who fell accidentally into Trade, and was now
advanced to a Poft, in which he knew not well how to aft.
He left therefore the Management of all Things to fuch as
were umler him ; and theft happened unluckily to be ftill
lefs cajable than himfelf. In fiiort, they began to rellrain
the Natives in their Trade, Ivf 1. tl'::y had a Gun mounted.
Hopping tlieir Boats, andli'.Uil.ii.:' tlicmj and, amongft the

reft

?'■'■.

1:1 fl

3o8

7/je V OY AGES of

Book I.

m >».K

5 i

11:

reft, ooe whkh ml going to the King's Court with a young
Lady on board. This incenfed the King of Banjaar to
fuch a degree, that he ordered 5 or 6000 of his Subjeas
to attack and deftroy the Settlement \ of which Mr. Cun-
niMgim having Notice, he abandoned it the Day before the
N^t in which the Attack was to be made, retiring with
his People on board of four Ships that were accidentally
in the River. The Baijaarans did not fail attacking thefe
Ships, but were fo warmly received, that near 1500 of
them were killed in the Adlion : Notwithftanding which,
they burnt the two fmaUeft, and killed fcveral People who
were on board them. Mr. Cmminghmt however, and the
reft of the Gentlemen of the Faftory, made their Efcape
on board the other two Ships j but left the beft Part of
their Effe^ behind them.

The King afterwards invited the Englijb to trade in his
Port, but declared he would never fuffcr them to have
another Faftory •, and there is not now any Europtm Set-
tlement in the whole IlTand. The Commerce of Btrtua
confifts in as rich Goods, as any in the Indies. At S«m-
hu, and Succadana, they deal in Diamonds, oi which there
n a Mine in the Heart of die Country. Thefe Stones are
generally from four to twenty-four Carats ; and there are
Ibme found of thirty and forty Carats ; but the whole
Trade does not amount to above 600 Carats in a Year.
They alwayi fell thefe Stones for Gold, though that like-
wife is the Commodity of the Ifland ; and there is a very
confiderablc Trade for GoU-duft canicd on at Pahang,
Soya, CalantOH, Seriias, Catra, and MeUntuha. Bnoar,
ot the fineft fort, is another Article in their Trade, not at
all inferior in its Value to the former. JapaH Wood, fine
Wax, Incenfe, Maftich, and feveral other rich Gums, are
alio met with here i but, after all, the ftaple Commodity
of the Uland is Pfcpprr, of which there is as much, and as
good, as in any Part of the IhMh. Our Author mentions
another very valuable Dmg met with in this Ifland, which
it a Stone he calls the Porkjlont, valued at fo high a Rate,
as to be worth no lefs than three hundred Crowns apiece.
The Indian Phyficians, it fecms, are of Opinion, that, by
exhibiting to their Patients tlw Water in which this Stone
has been ileeped, they can infallibly dilcover whether they
will live or die. It is a Pity he has not given us a further
Dcfcripdon of this Curiofity, or told us what his Senti-
ments are of its Virtues, lince Credulity u fo common in
the tdft, that tiiere is no uking Fadts of this kind upon
Truft.

Betore the Portu^uefe difcovered a PafTage to the India
by the Cape of Good Hopt, the Chine/t were in PoflTelTion
ci all the Trade of this Ifland i ano, fince the Eureptaiu
have declined fettling there, it is, in a great mealurc, faJlcn
into their I lands again. The Places where they are fettled,
bclides Banjaar-Majfetn, are Mampua, Teya, Lande, and
Sambos, where they carry on a great Commerce, and fur-
ni(h tiw Inhabitants in Return with Silks, Chintz, Calicoes,
and, in fliort, all the Manuf'adurcs of Clina and Japan. It
has been fuggefted, and with great Shew o( Reafon,
tlut a more valuable 1 rade might be eftablifliai in this
Ifland (.f Benito, than in any Part of the Eafi Indits, bc-
caule there arrive here annually large Fleets of China ]mV.%,
Wen with ail the ComiiVHiitics of that Empire, which
might be piiicluftd as cheap, or chi-aper, tlian in China it-
Iclt, for Reafons, with whicii the Reailer Ihill foon be maiie
acquainted. There tome Iikewife annually, from the Ifland
ot Ctlebes, fmall Vtfliis, whiih, in Ante ot the Vigilance
of the Dunb, bring confuieLiliJc C^'antities of L loves.
N utmeRs and other Spices 1 which is the Reafon, tlut the
Duiih are not able to fell any great Qiiaiuitits of thefe
(ioods in their I'MffJck with the inhabitants : Yet they fre-
quently Itnd Ships hither 10 \i,u\ with Pepper, and en-
tleavotir to keep up a gooii Corrtfijondence with the Kings
ot Borneo and Sambas -, for, as to the King of Banjaar,
he hw declined having any thing to do witli them.

It is not a little llrongc, confidering the mighty Sway
the Duub Eaji India Ci>mp.iny have in that Part of the
World, that they fliould have no VdXoty or Mflablilh-
nient in Chimi. They have, indeed, formerly fent tni-
bafladors thither, under Pretence of demanding Leave to
trade freely i but th.-u was with a Dcfign only to gam a
greater Inlij^ht into tlut Commerce ; and, in conlcqucncc

of the Difcoverif s made thereby, they have be»n led to
decline it. While they were polfeflTed of the femous Iflmd
of Formfa, they carried on a direft Tra,de to dut Em-
pire widi great Profit \ but, fince they were expelled from
thence in the Year 1661, they have not been able to make
this Trade turn with any great I'rofit : Yet, fince the f«-
ting up of the Imperial or Ofttnd Company, they have tried
to lend Ships thither from Helleaid dircAly ; but cvm thii
as our Author informs us, has been to no great Account'
their Profit having been feldom larger than iwemy-iivc «f^
Ctnt. which, confidering the Haz .rd of the Voyage, and
other Inconveniencics, was not looked upon as any confl*
derablc Return. There have been feveral Realijns afligntd
for this, fome of which it may be proper to mention. It
is, in the firll place, very much doubted, whether in »ny
Place, where boih Nations are on a Level, the Dmtb an
able to deal with the Chintfe, who are certainly die cun<
ningeft Traders in the World. It is, in the next place,
fuggefted, dut the Chineje are lefs inclined to deal with
them than other EnroptoMt \ and, when they do, always
hold them to harder Terms. It has been likewife remarked
that the Port-charges, and the Prefcnts they make, fthkc
very deep into their Gains : But thefe fecm to be very fu.
perficial Conjedures, and not to reach the Truth in any
degree.

But that the Dutch do not affccfl any Settlement in this
Empire, may \x very well accounted for, from the two
following Caulcs, which are certainly very weighty. The
iirft is, that, being at fo great a Diftancc from Btimi,
and in a Country where it u eafy to conlign their Effeflsto
Portuguefe, EngJiJh, and other foreign Merchants, the Of-
ficers mind their own Concerns more than the Company's;
of which a convincing Proof has been had, by the Ptrt»-
gue/e vending their I'epper at a greater Advantage than ihe
Duub, though they bought it at an high Price at Bairjio.
But the fecond Caufe is ftill more important : There is a
prodigious Trade carried on by the Cbinefe to Bannm,
which, though it is a Voyage of 700 Leagues, the Cbiiujt
make in their Junks in the Space of fix Weeks, failing from
Canton in the Beginning of Decemier, and arriving in the
Middle of January, The Company, in the firil place,
have a Duty of four per Ctnt. on all the Goods iluy
bring, which arc Gold, Silks of all forts. Tea, Annifeed,
Mufk, Rhubarb, Copper, (jukklilver, Vermilion, Qkm-
ware, tff. for which they receive in Exchange Lead, Tin,
Pepper, Inarnfe, Camphire, Cloves, Nutmegs, Amber,
and abundance of other Things, on all which the IMih
fet their own Prices, and confcquently buy much cheaper
tlian other Nations can purehafc the lame Goods in Chiui
They have alfo found by Experience, that a direiS Trade
between Holland and China leflens very mudi diis more
profitable Commerce at Baiavia. Neither is it there only
that they have an Opportunity of dealing with the Cbiniju
but in many other Parts of the InSes, where, when tlie
Chinefe Merclutnts have completed their SaWs to the Na-
tives, they are very glail to part with the Remainder ot
their Cominodiues at a very eafy Rate to the Dutch. Thus
It clearly apjicars, diat the Eaft India Company are able to
fend Home vaft Quantities o*" China Gowis, without cany- |
ing on a diredl Trade with that Country, cither from
Holland or Batavia.

I cannot fay how far Things may be altered fince our
Author wrote i but this is cert;unlv a very fair, and a very
fcnfible. Account of Matters, as they then ftood. Here he
finifties his Remarks on the Occonomy of the Dutib Eif
India Company, which is certainly, in all refpeds, the
cleareft and beft that is hitherto extant, in order torcfumc
the Thread of his Narration, and to piofecutc his Voyage
Home from Batavia, as he was obliged to make it on board
oncof the Company's Return-lhips, purfuant to the Order
of the Govemor-(ieneral and his Council, when Comitw-
dore Roggevaein'i Veflcls were feized and condemned. ^

3«. 'Ihere hapjicned nothing remarkable in our Authors
Voyage from Batavia to the Cape of Good Hopt, worthy
of Obfervation, cxu-pt their meeting with a violent Storm
in the Height oi /Ugola, on thcCoaft oi Afrita, by which
they were very near being driven upon the Rocks w.iich
inf( ft that Coal» ■, and had a Sight of the Remains 01 the
Scbnenbergh, a Ship belynaing to the Lafi Iidia Coivs^h

Chap. I

Commoddre RoGQEv^^EIN.

JOp

which had bfcn wrecked there a little before. They had much the fame tiling in the flat Country, where the Drof-
no fooner Sight of the Cane, than they ilifcovcred in the UrCi terminatts all Things of fmall Confcquente ; bnr,
Roid abundance of Ettglijh and French, as well as Dutch, whtntvcr there happens any thing of Importance, it is
Ships fomc of which were outward, fome homeward- always carried before the Governor, and his Council, by
bound ' Ships enter this Bay on the South-caft, and pafs whom it is finally determined \ and all their Sententts, in
out of it to the North-wcfl. A little before you reach its civil and criminal Aflairs, are executed without Delay.
Entrance, appears a fmall Ifland, which is called the Ifland As for the military Lftablidiment, it is cxafUy on tiic flime
iStks, where the Company have always a Guard poded. Foot here as at Bataiia -, that is to fay, the Officer, who
compofcd of a Serjeant, ami a fmall Number of Men : commands in Chief, has the Rank and Pay of a Major >
They are einployed here in dr.iwing of Whale-oil, and but he docs the Duty, in all refpedls, of a Majoi-Gcneral.
nkingOyfter-lhclls, to make Lime. Into this Ifland Ma- The Officers under him arc Captains, Lieutenants, and
ItfoiSlors arc generally banilhed from the Cape, and, in- Enfigns, who take care to keep their Companies always
dcfd, from moft Parts of the Indies ; where, befides the complete, and perfc(5tly well difciplined, fo tiiat, in cafe of
Puniihment of being thus feparatcd from their Frienils, an Atuck, they can draw together at leaft five thoufand
thcyareput to the hardcit Labour, according to the D«/fi& Men, well armed, and as good as any regular Troops,
Masm, That the worft kind of Work is bed done by every Peafant knowing whither to repair, in older to range
the Idle. As loon as the Serjeant faw what Number of himfclf under his proper Standard.
Ships tiie Fleet confifted of, he hoiflcd a Flag, and fired It is not tafy to defrribc the Adroitnefs with which thefe
js many Heces of Cannon as there were Ships, to give No- Peafants handle their Fire-arms. It is, indeed, au Exercife
tee to the Commander of the Cape. in which, from their very Infancy, they arc conftantly cm-

The Bay is very fine and large, having an oval Form, an J ployed; and it is almoll incredible, with what Boldnefs
entering two or three Leagues within-land, fo that it may they atuck the ficrccft Beads. There are many of them
be in the Whole about nine Leagues in Circuit, and is cer- who will not fhoot a Lion fleeping, becaufe that, fay they,
tiinly capbie of holding one hundred large Ships very l^ews neither Skill nor Courage : When therefore they find
"'"'■'■ a Lion allcep, they firll throw Stones, and wake him,

never offering to rtre, till he is upon his Feet. There hap-
pened, as our Author tells us, a very fingular Accident,
upon fuch an Occafion, a little before his Arrival ; which
ugon, each of its Baftions mounted with twenty Pieces of fill out tlius : Two Peafants went to hunt together •, one of
heavy Cannon. The l-'ort, and the Town, arc both them faw a Lion, which he fired at, but mifTed him •, the
Ctuiteii on the Eelge of a Plain, about three Leagues ia Lion immediately flew upon the Man, who, that he might
Fxtcnt, lying at the Bottom of three very high Moun- be more at Liberty to defend himfelf, threw hisGunaway,
uins i the lirft of thcfe is called the Lion Mountain, becaufe the other Peaf int, hearing the Report, made all the Hafte
if has a great Refemblance to a Lion couching upon his he could to tiic Place, wliere he found his Countryman and
Belly •, the next is the Table Mountain, which is much the Lion dole engaged : The poor Fellow, in the Zeal
higher, and very like a Table, fo that in a clear Day it of his Heart, catched up the (nin, and, with half a dozen
~ found Blows on the Lion's Head, laid him dead upon the

Spot i the other Peafant, turning his Heail, and feeing his
Gun broke to- pieces, began to complain very loudly ; asked
hisCompanion, why he did not flay till he was called ; and
talked of making him pay for his Gun, infilling upon it,
that he could have killed the Ljon without any Help.
This, "ays our Author, is an Inllance of the Intrepidity of
thcfe People with regard to wild Beads ; and, no doubt, a
notable Indancc it is, if our Author was but lure of his
lad. It was formerly, continues he, looked upon as a
Wonder, if a Man killed a IJon ; but now tiie thing is
fo common, that they make no more of killing a Lion,
than we do of IhootingaHare.

The Country round about the Town is full of Vine-
yards and Gareiens ; the Company have two, which are.

CO nmodioaHy i yet it mud bj allowed, that the An-
chorage is not every-wherc alike good i and, near the
Shore, there is fome Danger. The Mielelle of this Bay is
commanded by a very drong Fort, which is a regular Pen-

may be fcen twenty Leagues ofF; the third is called the
Dm.''; MamMn, and is not fo remarkable as either of the
tormer. The Houf;.s of which this Town is compoleil
0.1: very neat and agret able, but not alxjvc two Stories
hujh, baaufe of the furious South-cad Winds that fome-
tiines blow here.

The Eafi India Company, about 1650. bought from
the Ummtots a certain Dillrift of their Country, which
they took care Ihoiild be immediately planted, and well
bhibitcd, for the Convenicncy of their .Ships outward and
homeward-bound. The People who dwell at the Cape,
and on the Coafl, are for the mod part Chriftians, ane! are
UA Africans; thofc who inhabit the Country farther
within-land are called Peafants. They arc all of them
tiiKi Europeans, or defcended hom Europeans. There

are fome of them who are fettled three hundred Leagues perhaps, tiie fined in the World j the one lies at the Di-

from the Coaft ; notwithdanding which, they are all
obliged, once a Year, to appear at a Place called Stellenbech,
*hrre the Drofliml, or Magidratc of the Country, relides.
The Defign of tiiis is, tluit they may pafs in Review 1 for
the Peafants, as well as the Townfmcn, arc formed into
Companies, commanded by proper Officers. After the
Review is over, t!u-y nturn to their refpeaive Dwellings,
and generally carry home with them fikh Tools as they
luve ociafiun for in their Country-work. Thefe Pee)ple
culnvate their Ground, and fow Rye, Barley, Beans i^c.
Iney likewifc plant Vines, which produce very fine Grains,
ct which they make excellent Wine. There are fome of
I!n ^"'^'^^'^''ti'fe ill very happy Circumdances, having,
belidm large and well cultivated Plantations, great Quan-
tmes of Sheep and CattI :•. A mongd other Colonies, tKcrc
Rwe at the Oiilance of eight Leagues from the Town,
wiiKh IS mtirely eonipolWl ot French Refugees, who have
'OTe a large Tra(?t e.f Country, very well cultivated •,
Lie 1 ace wjure they live is called Drachonftcin, and they
»rc allowed Churches and Mimllers of theii own Country,
in U the Iniiabitants of the Town are in the Service of
."■.(.ompany, and the red are free BurgelVcs. They have
"^T pruivr Magiftratrs. wlio de-cide C.iufts of lln;dl Con-
MjuneT and ifgulate- any little Difputes ilut happen
"""glUheini but, .as to Matters of any Importance, they
ar cainert iK-torc the (Jovernor, and his Council, who
'"'"""' '''"n 'inally, and without Appeal. It is pretty

dance of two hundred Paces from the Fort, between the
Town and Table Mountain. It is about 1400 Paces in
Length, and 2^5 in Breadth ; a fine Rivulet from the
Mountain runs through the midd of it. It is divided into
Cii^iarters,and they cultivate there, with the titmod Succefs,
tiie Fruits and Flowers of all the four Parts of the World.
The other Garden is at the Diflance ot two Leagues, in
that which is called the New Country, and is likewife kept
in the bed Order that can be by the Slaves of the Com-
pany, of which there are leldom lef's than five hundred.
I'he Country hereabouts is mountainous and dony, but
the N'alleys are very agreeable, and exceedingly fertile.
The Climate is the bed in the World ; for Cold and Heat
are never felt here in any intolerable Degree, and the People
live tu great Ages without Difeafes, which are never
known, but when produced by Intcmperanie of fome
kind or other: The very Mountains, betides contributing to
the WhoHomenefs of the PLice, .are liippofed to be full of
(iolei, anel other valuable Metals : Some Allays have been
m.ide, but as yet no Mines have been difcovered in fui h a
Situation as would permit the Working ot them to Ad-
vantage.

The late Mr. ^v?« Steel, who was Governor of the Cape,
travelled the Country, and examined it with great Care and
Attention. He cauled Gardens to be laid out, and Plea-
lure-liDUles to be built, in fevcral Places -, but tiie Pcafmts,
who were employed in building, and cultivating thcfe Gar-
4 K Jens,

5 10

72^/ V O Y A G E S of

Book I.

Vi' H

i-^:,

dens, fent over a Complaint to the Company, alleging, tliat
it was prejudicial to their private Affairs, and put it out ot
their Power to maintain their Families. Upon this, the
Governor was rrcalltd immediatt-ly, His nifcoverics, how-
ever, were of very great Confcquence ; inafmuch as they
made known, not only the inner Parts ot the Country, but
the Nations that inhabit them. Thcd-, fo far as they arc
yet difcovcreti, confift ot frven difttrmt I'eopic, all com-
prehended under the general Name ot Hcitentoti. The firft
ot thcfe, and the leatl crmfidcrable, arc without a Chief,
live in the Ncighbourhootl of the Caiv, and are moft
of them in tl>e Scr\'icc of the Company, dwill with Townf-
men, or are employed by the IVafants and I'armrrs, who
bufy them in cultivating their Lands. Tlie fecond inhabit
the Mountains, or, to (peak with greater Propriety, live in
the Caverns of the Mountains. They are Thieves and
Robbers by Profillicn, and draw their SubfitleiKc intirtly
from plundering the [x-aceable fhllrnlots, with whom they
arc in continual War. There is one thing, however, tliat
is very finpular with refpe(ft to this thicvilh Nation -, wliich
is, that they nevir rob or mold! a Cliriftian. Tlie third
N.ition is called the Little Macqua ; the fourth the Great
Macqiui •, tlie fifth the Uitle Kricquj ; the fixrh the Great
Kricqua. Thefe Words Afacqua and Kricqiia fignify King
or C hiet". They arc conftantly engaged in War with lach
other; bu', whin any Nation is in Danger of being totally
nimed, two or three Nations immediately join them •, fur the
Balance of Power is a Maxim as well underftoiKl and I'up-
portcd by the Hottentots, as by the Nations ot Kurofe.

Part of tnel'.: HotitHtetj have fubmittcd themfclves to
the H.lhitiders, anil are theretbre (tiled the Company's
lionentits. 'l"he hutch fend annually about fifty or fixty
Perfons to trade with thefe Hotteniots, who purchafe their
Cattle, and give them in Exchange Arrack, Tobacco,
Hemp, and (iich Seeds as they have Ocrafion for, by
which means a gotxl Underftanding is preferved. Tlufe
Hottento'.s of the Company are very often attacked by the
other Nations -, and, when they find they have fo far the
worll: of it, that they are no longer able to defend them-
fclves by their own proper I'orce, the King puts himfelf at
the I lead of a linall Body of Troops, ami marches down
to tile Cape, to demand AfTiftance. As foon as he arrives
tliere, he goes to the ( lovemor, with the principal People
of his Nation, with the command it ^^ Statf in his Hand,
whiih wxs given him by the Comiwmy, and has their Arms
ujxjn it ; and, holding it out towards the Governor, dcfires
he would grant him Succours. If the Governor does not
think fit to grant him his Requert, but contents himfelf
With giving him good Words, he, without more ado,
throws his Staff at the Governor's Feet, and tells him in
bad Dutch, I'cor my, niet meer Compagnies Hottentot, that
is to lay, lor me, I will be no more the Company's Hotten-
tot. I he Governor, however, generally fends an Efcort
of Troo; s home with him ; for it is the Intereft of the
Company to Ijc upon good Terms with this fort ot a Prince,
becaufe he is always ready to do for them whatever they
defire oi him.

Thifc People are certainly very flupid, and very brutal:
Tiny uib their Bodies all over with old Greafe, which has
a very bad .Smell •, fo that you may nofc them at a confidcr-
ablc Diftancc. 'Ihcir Chiliircn are born perfedly white;
but, by their being conftantly rubbed with Greafe, and ex-
pofed to the Sun, they grow, by degrees, brown, and
.dmoft black. When a Woman is brought-to-bed of Twins,
one of them is immediately condemned to Death, and is
tied to a 'Tree, wli' re it continues, till it expires. Some
of tliem have a Cullom of taking out one of^thc Tefticles
of their Male Children, as loon as they are able to bear it,
in hojxs that, by this Mcth<xi, tluy may prevent, when
thfy come to be married, their hcgctting Twins -, and this
is aCuilom of which they cannot be broken, notwithttand-
ing Experience (hews them, that it is to no manner of pur-
pofe. They teem, lo' the moft pan, to have but little
Kehgion : Yet they trequently look up with Admiration to
the heavenly Bo<lies, faying, He that governs them is certainly
a Being if infinite Power and iVifdom. In many refpcfts
they at .nore like Hearts than Men. They are very dif-
agreeable in their Pcrlbns, and are, in (hort, take all things
together, (thcfe arc our Author's Words) one of the mcancft
3

Nations on the Face of the Earth. Their Complexion is
dark, occafioned, as has been before obfcrvcd, by their
rubbing themfclves with Greafe, and being expofcd conii.
niially to the Sun, when they are young. They arc (hort
and thick-fcti their Nolls flat, like thofc of a Dutch Dor'
their Tips very thick, and big » their Teeth exceedingly
white, but very long, and ill-fct, fome of them fticking out
of their Mouths, like Boars Tulks. Their Hair is block
and curled, like Wool. They arc very nimble, and thfv
run with fuch Speeil as is almoft incredible. They ut 2
ner.nlly covered with a Shcep-(kin, having each a Quiver of
Arrows on his Back, and his Bow in his Hand. As fuon
as they come within Sight of an T'.nemy, they fct up i moft
dreaiitul Cry, leaping and dancing at the fame time in the
moft frightt'ul Poftures. The fevcnth Nation is that of the
Caffres. Thefe are properly the Anthropophagi, who have
made fo much Noife in the World. The Uoticnttu m
excecilingly afraid of them, and take all the Care dicy cm
to keep out of their Way, for ftar of being roaftcd or
boiled, it they (hould he taken Prifoners. This abomina-
ble Nation would never enter into any fort of Commerce
with the Chriftians ; but, on the contrary, take all the Pains
they can to intrap them, in order to murder, and, a.s is
generally believed, to cat tlu m. It is indeed r^portai, <.{
late Years they .ire grown fomewhat more traCtabh', and
entertain fome fort of 'Trade with fuch as will venture to
have any Dealings with them. They are a very potent, jf«l
a very warlike Nation, bing all of them llrong, well-made
Men ; antl tho' their Hair is curled and black, like that oi
other Negroes, yet they have better Faces, and a muih
more manly Appearance.

At the Diftancc of about eighteen Leagues from the Cajx-,
there is another Port, called the Bay of Saldeney, which is,
in all ref|K'ds, an infinitely better \ larbour than tlut of tlic
Cape, except one, and that u in |>oint of Water -, but this
fmglc Exception is fufiicient to render it unfrequented. As
to the Animals of this Country, they are many of them is
remarkable as in any Places in the World. The l.ion a
very common here, and, in hard W'mters, will venture v;ry
near their Habitations. It is thought, this Creature is re-
puted the King of Bcafts, becaufe he never eats a Man alive,
but beats his Breath out with his Paws before he tears him.
He roars, and ftiakrs his Mane terribly, before he attacki
a Man ■, and, if he docs not give thefe Signals of his Rage,
there is no Danger in palTing him. Tygersand Lcoparci
arc alfo very common, and do a prodigious deal of Mikhui.
It is pretty probable, that thefe Creatures wouKl be mucii
more numerous, if it was not for a Race of wild Dogs, that
are alfo bred in this Country, and hunt in Packs ; whch
render thtm fo bold, that they frequently weary, and thru
worry, a Lion : Tygers, Leopards, ami Wolves, thty
often deftroy ; and, which is very wonderful, they will lu!-
fer a Man to uke their Prey when they have killed it. I'ii-
fengers are never afraid at tlic Sight of them ; but rather
rtjoice, becaufe they are furc, that no wild Bcafts arc m that
Neighbourhood. Eleplianls are common here, and ct as
large a Size, as in any Part of the World, being trcquir:?
from twelve to fifteen Feet high, or better, their Tctii
weighing from 6o to no Piunds. The RliiiuKfros illo
is often met with. He is fomewhat lefs than the Elephant,
but ftronger. His Skin is prodigioudy thick, and lo har S
that fcarce any Weapon will pierce it. He has a Snout like
an Hog, upon whkh grows a folid Horn, from twelve to
twenty Inches in Length ; which is very much valued, be-
caufe it is cfteemed an excellent Medicine in Convulfions.
But there are two Animals peculiar to this Country, ino
which thercfoic defervc Notice : The one is a wild At,
which retcmblcs the tame one in nothing, but its long Eats.
He is of the Size of an ordinary I lorfe, and is the niw
beautiful Creature in the WorW. His Hair is very Wd
and, from the Ridge of his Back down to his Belly, t»ll> j*
Sticaks, that form fo many Circles. He is a briflc, liwly
Bcaft, and runs more fwiltly than any Horfe. It i- *> y
difficult to take him alive ; and, when taken, it is impL ■-*
to break him : Notwithftanding which, they ftll at a pi*"
digious Rate, and one of them is ilH)Ught a Prcfent lii iot
a lovereign Prince, on account ol th> :r Rariiy, and exqw
lite Beauty. The other Creature, oin . in no otiui ;.ouii-
try than this, is by the Dutch calkd the Slmii-ill'i^^ ''^

Chap. I.

Commodore Roggewein.

SiMnr-kJgtr. He is of the Size of an ordinary Dog, anil,

in his M:»k''. refcmbles the Ferret. W hen purlued, either
, j^ijn or Bcaft, lie retreats but nowly i anil, when the
Fntmy draw near, ilifihargcs from his Bdly a Winil lb
intolfttbly llinking, that Dogs tear the (irouml, and hide
tlifir Nofts in it, to avoid the Smell. Wh 'n killed, they
ftink h abominably, that there is no ai)proaching thtin i
but they mull be left to conlume where they fell.

Our Author fays, it would Ix; impolTiblc for any Man
to i!(l'aik ail the Creatures that arc feen in the valt Forcfts
rt Jfricii', b.c;»ufe the very Inhabitii: :s acknowledge, that
thty li* f^'fy Y""" "'* Animals th it aic utterly unknown
to them, for which they ali<gn this Rcafon-, that, in the
niiJft ot Summer, when the wild B^alfs are almoft raging
mad with Thitft, ti.- y rcfort in Multitudes to the Kivers
o\Sj!t,oh\\v i.!cfb/tKt,i\nA oiSt.Jcbn, where the Males
of one .Spfties, mixing with the I''emalcs of another, pro-
(iuce thffc lltangc Beafts that look like a new Sixties.
The fhtienidJ, lubjedt to the Company, frequently larry
the Skms of tlitfe Monfters to the Govtrnor of the Cape :
Cur Author afliirts us, that he faw the Skin of one killed
ii( t lonn before : It was of the Size of a Calf of fix Months
old. there fccmcd to have been four F.ycs in the Head,
which refcmbleil tliat of a l.ion •, but the Hair was perfectly
kooth and fleck, and of a dark-grey Colour: It had
Tulles like a Boar, and its fore l^gs rcfcmblcd tliofe of
iha Creanirc, but the hinder Part of it was like a 1 yger.

As for the different forts of Birds in this Country, they
ire in a manner intinite -, and though it is not olten ob-
fcrvcd, that they mingle Species, yet there have been re-
marked Ibmc Baftards amongft them. The largeft and
th( lirongeft Birds are to be found in Africa -, amongft the
reft the Oftrich, which is looked upon as the biggeft of
ail; they are commonly feven Feet high. The Beak of
the Oftrich is fhort, and pointed, and his Neck extremely
long : The Feathers of the Male are white and black only •,
but thole of the Female mingled grey, white, and black :
Thofe of the former are mort cfteemed, becaufe their large
Feathers are better fpread, and their Down much fofter.
This Bird is prodigioully fwift of Foot, fo that they hunt
them with Spniels : They make ufc of their Wings, not
to tiy, but to aflill them in running, er[)ecially when they
have the Wind with them. The common Opinion, that
they car digelUron, isabfolutely falfe, and without Founda-
tion i they fwallow Mcces of Iron indeed, but it is only to
bniifc the Meat in their Stomachs, as other Birds fwallow
Stones. There Is another Particularity often mentioned
rth regard to this Bird, that is not (bund true, with re-
fpc:t to thof; in the Neighbourhood of the Cape ; viz. that
thfy leave their Fggs uncovered upon the Sand, and take
mCireolthtir Young ; whereas, on the contrary, they
hit their Fgrrj in the Sand, and are fo tender of their
Yourg, that, though thry are nanirally timorous, yet, if
cneol thtm is milling, they b<-come fo furious, that it is
not lale to go near them. There arc abiind.ince of Fugles
otall Ions about the Cape, which are very bold, and frc-
queitly do a gre.it deal of Mifchief : They arc not cxccf-
fivcly large, and yet arc incredibly (trong, inlbmuch that
they very frequently kill and devour their Cattle as they
rmim Home from Work •, and when they have not an Op-
rortur.ity of auacking an Ox fingly, they come in great
Flocks, of 60 or 100 at once, and fingle out a Beall, as it
jftds, among the Herd ; and, falling upon it all together,
kill and devour it. There are likewife many other Birds
el rrey, which arc not worth mentioning, becauli: they
»ff common in other Countries i but the following Story
Kfxtremely remarkable, inafmuch as it relates to a kind
■wBird, unknown even in that Country, where theftrangell
I lungs are liarcc thought Prodiges.

There was feen, fays our Author, fome Years ago, upon
We MiuMt, a Bini, the Boily of which was .is big, or
^gg°r, thanthatofaHorfe, covered with grey and black
™<^igi 1 his Beak was long and crooked, like that of
>" tagle, and his Talons like thofe of the fame Bird, but
w a moft drcadtiil .Size •, he fat upon that Mountain, and
lovered over u for a long time together ; and the com-
mon People were, in a manner, perfuaded that it was a
~'"7' " frequently carried off Sheep and Calves •, and,
«"it) began to dtftroy Cows j upon which. Orders were

given to deftroy it : It was accordingly (hot j and, tht
Skin being fluffed, was fcnt Home as a Curiofity to the
ftijl India Company. There has been nothing like thil
Bird feen fince, and the oliiefl: People at the Cape do not
remember to have heard or feen of any thing like it before.
There is fo ftrong a Prejudice againll wiutcvcr appears
marvellous in the Relation of Travellers, and thty arc fo
'ftin fufjieded, cither of feigning what they never faw, or
of cxaggi rating what they h.wc really fccn, that it is dan-
gi rous tor a Man to report Things much out of the Road
of common Obfervation : Yet, when Fafts are fo well at*
tefted as this is a Traveller is certainly juftificd in relating
them. Our Author dors not lay, that he faw the Skin of
this monftrous Bird, but he hail the Relation from Perfons
of Credit at the Cape 1 and the Circumilancc of the Skin
being fent Home to Holland, is fo flrong a Conlirmation of
the Truth of what was reported, that, I muft confcis, I
think the Fadl far from being incredible.

jifrica has been always famous for its Serpents ; and of
thefe there are luch Numbers in the Neighbourhood of the
Cajie, that ni.my of them are without Name : They are
nioli^ of them extremely venomous ; and the Inhabitants
would fulVer by them much more than they do, if they had
not a fpecific Remedy for their Bites, that Is not known in
I'.uropc. This is the Seipent-ftone, which is allowed to be
fadlitious, and is brought hither from the Eajl Indies^ where
the Brachnians, or, as fome cill them, the Bramins, have
the Secret of tompofmg them, which they conceal fo in*
duftriouny, that hitherto no European has been able to dif-
cover them : It is of the Bignefs of a Bean -, in the Middle
it is white, but the Outfide is of a line Sky-blue. The
Method of ufing it is this : When a Perfon is bit by any
kind of Serpent, this Stone is applied to the Wound, not
by a Bandage, or by placing any Phufter over it, but barely
holding it till it faftens of itfelf, which it will foon do, and
then flicks fafl : The Part immctliatcly begins to fwell,
and becomes inflamed ; and the Stone itfelf alfo fwells, till
it is fo full of the Venom, that it drops off: It is then put
into warm Milk, where it foon purges itfelf, and relumes
its natural Colour : It is then applied again to the Wound,
where it (licks till it is full a fecond time, and fo on, till all
the Venom is exhaufted, on which a Cure immediately cn-
fues. There is fomcthing extremely wonderful in this ;
and yet the Truth of the Vi£i is known to all the Inhabit-
ants of the Cape, and confirmed by the Teflimony of
Writers of unqueflionable Credit. Ihere arc fome who
pretend to have difcovered the Ingredients of which this
Stone is compofal •, but the Account they give is very far
from being fatisfaftory -, becaufe they make the Bafis of
the Remedy to confitl of a Stone taken out of a Serpent's
Head, which, hitherto, the abiellAnatomifts have not been
.ible to find. The true Stone is very commonly met with
in the Eaft Indies, where i\\<i Dutch call them Slang fteenen^
and the EngUjh Snake- f tones.

All the Mountains of this vaft Country are full of Mi-
nerals, and of Crylfal j they contain likewife Things of
much greater Value, if they could be come at j but the
Natives arc lb much afraid of being made Slaves in the
Mines, that they take all imaginable Pains to conceal them.
There is, particularly, a Mount.iin which lies at the Di-
flancc of 500 T.eagues from the Cape, that is very famous
for the Metals fuppofcd to be contained in it ; this is called
the Copper Mountain, from the great Quantity of Copper
found in it, which is faid to be mingkd with Gold. Some
Europeans took it into their Heads to follow fome of the
Natives of the Country, who were fulpcfted of going lo
that Mountain in order to gather Gold. The Scheme had
an Air of I'robability in it •, and, if it could have been as
cafily executed, as it was well contrived, it might have
produced a very valuable Dilluvcry •, but, as it tell out,
tluy paid very de.ir for their Curirfiiy, fince the Hotten-
tots no I'ooncr difcovered their Defign, than they fell upon
tlum, and mallacred tiiem all, which put an End to their
Inquiries ever finte. The Company are fo tender with re-
fpctl to their Subieifls, and fo unwilling to ritque a Revolt
in this Part of their Dominions, that tliey have even nee-
leftcd a Gold Mine much nearer the Cape, the Maicafita
of which gave great Hopes of its holding a great deal of
Metal. It is not, however, impolliblc tlwt there may be

another

3>i

r^Jf; V O Y A G E S of

Uiiok I.

¥ -ft

"M.

ft' :

lii

if'iP

. « r r A- • .u!. m.nn^r . «,l,irli i^ thtir of Rcfrcflimmt. There ii not any Country in the WorM

„othcr R«fon for aftmgjn th» mannrn wbch ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^,^ thr K.vulct, runn.ng from .1,. .IW J

thi
Fr«if?partiailaTly, to umiirtakc lomcthing

Apprchcnfjon, that ^1.' « ^olcN^^^^^^^ ,,^ „;„, ;„,„ j,,^. s,,,, wi„r!, is never at a guat D,1U: c'

the Cape, .t might tempt "'h^^^e'LTj. jJ=^;^''|f^'J^ j?^,. ^,^ stream, as clear as Cryllai -. nor ca., .lure Ix ^

iuilicc i whereas, in the Circumllanccs under which 1 hiiiRs

are now fettlr-l there, the /)«/(•/. Colony at the CajH.- is to

far from being a Grievance, that it is really an Ailvantage

to other Nations, as well as their own. In other rclpcits,

thiy encourage all Sorts ot Difioveries : A few Years ago

there was found out, in a Mountain very ne.ir the Town, a

Cavern, where the Hottentots tind that Venom in which

thev din their poifoncd Arrows. There luvc been hkc- . i i\r i i •

wS fS^Sd a^h^niftance of alx,ut twenty Leagues from though there were Ij.rmer ly Oifputcs between t Ik- A«^/yi

Th CaT, Ibme hot Baths, the Waters o. which.leing im- and Dut.h, aU.ut he I'oirenion «t tlur Illa.u!. yc ,l„

preSl with Panicles ot Steel, have been known to cure to-m.-r now tre.u the a <er very k.nJlv w.uncv.r ,h,,

^^ Safe slhere is great Keafon to Ixlieve, tlm i'h.ps put in here, and lurmlh them >s,t!, wlutcverthcy

thing more plealant, than to behold the Seamen, latigmj
with a long Stay in hot Climates, rttulhing thcnilrlvcs
here by walhing thcmfelves in the Brooks, lino art
Mullard -plants, I'arllcy, Sorrel, I'urflain, WintircrclTrt,
ami othi-r 1 lerbs, exceedinjjly goixl for the .S(\iivy : Nr,'.
ther is the lllmd dellitute of Trets, tli<>uj!;h imnc lit \m
Timber, but lor I'ud only. All Soits ol Kilnllimci.ts a%
to be had hrre in Plenty, and on realbn.ibL- I'crnis ■, and,

TOnfiderablc Improvements niay Hill be made here tor the want
Advantage of the Inhabitant.', and o» the Company, who,
as they are not great Gainers by this Fllablifliment, other-
wife than as it aiforeis Refrelhmcnts to their outward and
homeward-bound Ships, would Ik- gLiil ot any Means
that might imreafc the Value of their Settlement, con-
fident with their Maxim of fiovcrnment, and with that
Indulgence which it is ret]iiilite to Ihew the Hottentots,
jvho are, perhaps, of all Nations of the World, the moll
tenacious of their IJbcrty, and the moll dctjxrrate in their
Rffentmcnt ot any Atttmi't made to its Prejudice. It is
now time to leave this delicious Country, where the Cli-
mate is allowed this peculiar Adv.intage, that it not only
agrees with tlic Fruits and Herbs of elitferent Countries,
but even givis them greater Perfection than ever they
attain where they naturally j',row.

^9. Towards the I'lui ot the Month o^ March I72^

their .Ship being revicluilket, aiid ready to tail, a brilk
South call Wind carried them out of the Bay. Their Fleet
conlilleel < f ;ibout three-ami-twenty Sail, the beft Part of
which belonged to the Companyi the rcll were India Ships,
that were alio homeward-lxiund. They fttcred their Courfe
for the llbnd of St. Helena, where they arrived in three
Weeks : When they thought they were pretty m-ar the
llland, the Comiiioilorc thought proper to eletach two
Ships, to difeover whether there were any Corfairs upon
that Coarti lor a little betore, they had teen anei give Chaee
to a Pirat', and therefore apprehended there might Ix-
more upon th.it Coall. As they drew near it, the Commo-
dore fired a Gun, as a Signal tor the L.inc of Battle ; which
is, in all Calls, a very uleful Precaution, thotigh it ftexxl
them here in little Head, bccaul'c, as it tell out, there were
110 Pirates on thL- Cojft.

'J'he llland of St. Helena lies in tlic I Jtitude of 16' i ;'
Se>uth, about 550 Leagues from the- Cape of Good Hofe,
500 ix-Jgucs from the Coal! ot lirn/tl, and ^50 from ,/«-
S^iifia, which is tiie nearclt I ^nd. Jliis Ifland is abe.ut
Icven Leagues in Circumterence, covered with rocky
Hills, wlfhl), in a cicir Day, may be feen forty Leagues
(jtV at .Sea. It is really furpiiling to lee lb Imall an llland
in the n.-.lll of the 0.ean, and at lb i^reat a Dillanee from
LamI, with li> elccp a Sea nuiiid it, tli.it there is lcar';e any
Anchora<^e to be found. I he Por'.ugufff lirlt dillovered
it, and that to their Coll, having one of their large Indian
Ships wrecked hcie ; of the Ueinains of which they built a
Chape-I, which, though long lince deeaycd, rtill bellows its
Name on the tintft ValUy in the liland. They planted
l-<;moiis, Oranges, and Pe.nugr. nates, over all the Coun-
try, and left there likewile 1 logs and Goats, together with
Paitrielgts, Pigeons, and IV-.itocks, for the Convcniency
ot Ibeh Ships as Ihould touch there ; but they diii not
think fit to i>lant it, beeaiilj they were afraid lome other
Nation would dilpolll-fs them. '1 Iv.rc was an 1 Irrmit who
chofl- to live here by hi 11 111 f, killing the (ioats tor their
Skins, which he fold as C)p|X)rtiinity otfcied, when the
Ships came in ; but the I'oriu^uefe removed him, as they
did afterwards fome N-j^to .Slaves, who I'cirled in the
M<ninuins. It is at prclent policlJcet by ilie Enxl'/h, who
have a gorxl Fort here, and aie lb well tdablilhed, mat it
li not likely any other Nation Ihould dilhiib them. The
\a!leys aie cxcccilingiy Ix-aiitifiil and Icrtilc ; the Wtatiicr
in leeel is ibmctimes very hot, but even tnen it is very eool
t'fo:i t!i: .Muuniaiiis, fo tliat they never cait want a Place

They failed from hence for tlie Ifland of .^efr/f<iif, which
lies in 8 Degrees South I.atituilc, ab>jut ioj hug-r,
North-weft from St. Helena : It is about tiie lame Bigmn
with the other Ifland, but the Shore is exceflivcly rakv,
and the Country abfolutcly barren I here are neither Gnii
nor Trees, but the Surface of the Land looks as if rent
at'undcr •, from whence fome have conceived, not witliou:
great Sliew of Realbn, that here has been lormeriy a Vol-
cano, or fiery Mountain. There is indeed a pretty IngL
ilill in the Miildic of the llland, on one Siile ut winch
Water has been found. At certain Scafuns of the Year,
the Countiy is almoll covered with Sea-fowl j luit »lut
chiefly engages Ships to put into the only 1 larbour m th:
lllc, isthe[;rcat Pknty of excellent Tortoile, which, when
they come alhore in the Night to lay their K^'i;s, the Siiun
turn uiHin their Back's, till they have Lcilure tocarryti^m
on tx)ard. It is wonderful, that thele Creatines will ive
alxjvc a Month without any other Subhflence tlun wlut
they derive from their fprinkling a little f.ilt Water o;i iHcii
three or lour times a Day The Realbn of kceiiing thini
fo long is, that the Seamen are never weary with t.ui.-g
them, jx'ituailmg thcmfelves, tliat they make a pcriat
Change in the Juices, and free them intlrely Irorath:
Scurvy, and otiier Dileales of the Blooel, which as tnty
are jiillirieel by I'.xjx-ricnce, it feemsbutreafonablctogivt
Creelit to tlieir Rej^ort. As this Ifland vi /Ifcafan n
mort certainly a vny inditrercnt Habitation, it is a thr.g
very common to leave Malefadors here, when thry Co
not care to put them to Death, as hapix-ned not lung ago
to a Dutib Boeik-kecper, who was convicted ot .SoJomVi
but, whether this fx- not a worte Punilhment than Diat.T,
conliilering the Miteiies that mull be end jred in one u! nt
hottcll Climates in the World, on a Place that eiu(s nx
afliuel the lealt Shelter, the Reader will dLterniine. How-
ever, as it has let's the App.-arance of Severity, and thrn
IS a Poinbihty, that the Criininal may be taken off hy k.t
other Shi|i, this Practice, el|x'cially tor llich lias-*-:
Crimes, does not defervc to be condemned.

Alter leaving this llland, they began to approadi the
Line, which they p.iUcd without feeling an exeellivc Ikot,
bccaule, as the Sun was turning then towauis t.ie North,
they had the Benctit of oretty brifk Winds, which mixicrjd
the Weather excee-dingly. They now likewile Ixgaiiiuif;
at Night the North Star, which they had nut lionc let i
Ycir and ai; halt' -, and it is not to be exprcll'eJ, ho*
much the Seamen were rejejiced by this Incident.

They f(K)n found themtilves in the Latiiu.'col li'
North, in that Part of the Sea, which is, generally ii«^
ing, covered with lir.ilv, lb that at a Uillancr, it rw^
lo.jks hke a Meailow. This (Jrafs has a yellowiiH^"-
aiul is hollow within, ajid, wh:n hard prelkd vmui t:-'
Finger, yields a clammy vifcous Juice. 1 here aK 1^!^=
Years in which none of this Grafs appears ; ami ou'^
ajjaui, in wiuch it abounds, and is tound in pr>>!is;w«i
(^i^iantities. Some im.igine that it comes troin i"'^)-'!'
Bottom of the Sea i bt-eaufc Divers report, that, w !'•"'';
I'la>.e5, the Bottom ot the Sea is covered with (ii-i'> •■■"
Mowers; Others again believe, tlut this Grals is or
fiom llie Coails ol .-i/riai •, but our Author lays, tiui
ihlappiovcs Ixjth thefe Notions i and, tor thele K«l"'>
I'wil, if it came from the Bjttom of the .Sea, wliy IhodJii
not luvc ths tail)!: .V.pp<.arai»cccUcwlicre? For, si th'^ '^'ir ''

chap. I.

Commodore R

o G G E VV E I N.

MPivcnheof any WeiKht, thrre arc fuch green Banks
in Vinous I'laccs 5 an.l, thfrclorc, one would imagine,
hit whcrf-fvpr liich (jralii was touml, it would float, as it
Li' here. On (hr other hand, \i it came from the Coa(l of
\h(a it would bf lee n in diirerent I'arts of tlie Sea, and
ifuilyiicirthatCoilli whith, however, is contrary to
hiwimif. whfrf.1' tlv VVcrds in this Sea have been re-
marked hy .ilinoll all wlio have jniblifheil their Voyages
(hroiieli tlirm '. But, that he might not Iceni to dellroy
vnthout bii WiiiR up, lie delivers it as his Opinion, that this
Grafs (onus lioni Amcrua, and particularly from tlieCJulph
(il M)"'". ^'h'-rt' 't '■' ki">wn to grow in abimdancc» and
whcrf, when it (onus to Maiuiity, it br(,aks, and fo is
urrieii aw.iy by tin.- Current.

1 liib Notionol oiir Author's is liable to (omc Objedions ;
liowtvcr, it is much more jjrobable than eithtr of the
oilier. To r.iy the Truth, there i-! nothinj^_ more dilFicuIt
to.iCiOiint tor, tlun the Motion and Couric of Currents,
«liich, ill lonv.' I'laces, tun fix Months one Way; and fix
i!iot!icr 1 in f )nie again they run conli.intly one Way, and
ncvif ihitt .u .ill i an.l there are IiillanceS where tlu-y run
one \V.iy for a D.iy or two afa-r Full-moon, and then they
run ((rongly the other Way till near the i'ull-muon again.
h is lomnionly oblerved by Seamen, that in Places where
the Tratlc-wimls blow, the Currents are generally Influenced
by them, anil move tlie fame Way with tliofc Winds, hit
r.ot with cqu.il Force in all Places, neither arc they lb
(iiic'jmible m tli.- wide Ocean, but chiefly about Iflands,
«here the LUiCls of them arc more or lels felt, according
astlicy lie in or out of the Way of the Trade-winds. It
w,-iiU bi no linall Advantage to Navigation, if ftnfiblc
M'':iwn'.iil lak'. nutuc of, anil imiuir'.- into, the Realbn
of t'ldl- tort of Ai)[iearaiiccs ; becaufe it is certain, that,
bcfi.ies the .S.iti'-I'a'.uoii neccllanly reliilting from the Dif-
covcry of Truth, there are unexpected Advantages that
ii;t from fiirli Inquiries : To h<' convinceil of this, we
nxd only 1 jok into old IJooks of Voyages, where we find
mr.y more Wonders tli.in in thole ot a later Date •, not
kaiilltlie Courle of Nature is at all changed, butlxcauli;
Naiiire w;is not then fo Well underUood. A thoufiind
Tiiir.L;^ wire i'rmligKs a Century ago, which are not at
,1!! iLmge now ; and the .Storms about the Cape of Good
(!;(/, which ni.ike lo terrible a Figure in the llillories of
t If I'lrtwruqe Uilcoveries, are known to have ly:t:n the
iMilcts only ot ende.ivouring to double that Cape at a
vr.i"g J-'wIbn of the Ve.ir.

It 15 rcrtiin, that boih in tlie Eitfl Indies, and in the
i/y, the Naiivt.s are able to foretel J lurricancs and Tor-
r.i('.()-;, not by any great Skill they have, but by barely
orffmng, that tiny are ufually preceded by fuch and fuch
Sgr.s 1 whith Signs when they fee, it is natural for them
'nxjiraa Storm. Thire is very often fo little Con-
rcxion Ixrtwan the Sign, and the Thing fignilied, th.it,
M.n who v.iljc themlclves on their own Wililom, are ape
t'j l^ight fuch Warnings, as impertinent and infignificaiit.
But It would be better t(j inquire diligently into haCts, and
ifithct rcciivc nor njed them halbly. When once it is
f til.i!, that Things liap[K'n in this manner, or in that, it
'W:m- nioiigh to inquire why they h.ippenfo: Ai in the
I'd: n CalV, the Matter of F'aCl is clearly laid down, that
t.!!'.el.itituili: of iS° North, the Sea betwtx-n /Ifrua and
■ huhti ,s trcqucntly covered with Weeds, there is good
KiMion thfidorc to inquire, whence thefe Weeds come.
1 cannot i;)rlx;ar putting the Reader in mind, uixjn this
wihon, ol a Ciicumlhiuc that fccms Jlrongiy to con-
lifm the Conjctture ot our Author : The famous Cbrijio-
^irUrnbus, in the Hrft N'oyage he m.ide for the Difco-
v-ryot the mw World, met with this tirafs and Weeds
iwting upon the .Sea, without which he could never have
p-rluiiicd the Seamen to have continued the Voyage •, and
It IS very remarkable, that, by purliiing their Courle through
™.i- WeeJb, they arrived m the very Place he mentions,
';'« 's to lay, i,, the Gulph of Bahama. But it is now
JJ^^to proitxutc the \'oyage, and to follow our Author

mT' r '" ""''' '" °''''"*' '" Support of our Author's AITertion,
^'l^Mli. XXII.

315

40. As they failed farther Nortiiward, they were over-
taken by hard Gales of Wind, which arc uliial at that Sea-
Ion of the Year, efpecially in thole Seas, by which they
were driven into the Latitude of 37', and within Sight of
two lllinds, which proved to be thole oU'lerts and Corvo.
Their frelh Provifions Ixring now pretty well fuent, this
Accident, though it delayed Time a little, could not be
conlidered as a Mislortilne. Their Stay there, however,
was very fhort, bting only three Days in tlie larger Ifland,
which was furficient for their procuring the Rtfrclhrnents
thty wanted, as well as to take a View of the Country.

Corvo and Flora arc two of the Iflands which the Spa-
niards call J^arcs, th.it is, 1'bt Ijlunds of Hawks, becaufe,
at the Time they difcovercd tlium, they found a great
many Hawks in them. The DuUb call them the Vlaamifiie
Eilanden, i. c. lUmlflj /Jl.inds, ba lule the tirlt Inhabitants
ol the llland Faya/, wiiich is one of the nine Iflands, were
Flemings. The R.ue of its full Iiilabitants is jKrtxtuated
to this Day in that Illnnd, and you may know them by
their Air and Shape, which relemble thofc of the f/m/ff^j.
They dwell upon a little River, running down a Moun-
tain, which the Portuguefe called Ril/cra dos ilamtmis, the
Kivcr ot the Flemings. I'he N.inus of the /tfores Iflands
are, 'I'trfcra, St. Midw.', Santa Maria, St. George's,
Gratiofa, Pua, Fayal, Ccrio, and Florcs. Terfera is tht"
chief ot them •, it islilnrnor lixtecn Leagues in Circum-
ference, beiny high, and l<J lleep, in many Places, that
it is almotl impivgnable •, and, belides th.it, they have
built Forts in the Places where it is accelliblo. T here is
no Hai-bour or Roa.l wherein the Ships can enjoy Shelter,
but belbre the lapital City, called yingra, which hath a
I'ort ot the Figure of an Half moon, and therefore called
the llalf-viooHs uf /Ingra : Upon the twoKnds of the Half-
moon are two Mountains, called lirafisl, which flioot forth
into the Sea, and appear afar olf, like two fmall Illaiuls.
Thefe two Mount.iins are fo high, that, being at the Top
of them, you m.iy fee at any time tm or twelve Leagues »
and, when the Weather is tine and clear, above liftecn
Leagues off.

Jn^ra hath a fine Cathedral Church, and is the Refi-
dencc of a Uifhup, a Governor, and the Council, which
governs all the Mands. 'Three Leagues dillant lies an-
other Town, called de Pr,r>;!, or the Town of the Shore,
Ixcaufe it is litu.ited near a great Shore, which the Ships
can never approach, fo that the Town is without any m.in-
ner of Trade, .iiid very defcrt, tho' pretty well built and
v/alled about. 'J'he Inhabitants live upon the F^'uits that
grow upon the Ill.md ; for it is very fruitful and picalaiit,
lull ot line Corn-lields. The Wine is but fmall, and will
not keep long; then tore the ridwll: Inhabitants pr^nide
themfelves with AWivr.i and Cixjry Wines. Thi ' i.id
is fo plentilul in b'lelli, 1 illi, and all other Sort:' of
Victuals, that even in i\v Time of Scarcity there is enough
for the Inhabitants. Hut they want Oil, Salt, Lime, and
Potters- wans, which are imported from other Places.
T'hey h.ivc- abundance of Pc.iches, Apples, Pears, Oranges,
and Lemons ; all Sorts ol 1 lerbs. Plants, and, amongft
others, the Herb called lialatas, which grows like the
Stock ot a \ine, but the 1 .eaves arc not like them. Some
ot thole Roots weigh a Pound, more or lefs : They have
fo great QiLintities ot them, that the Rich flight them,
though they are of a good fwcet T'aftc, and very nourilh-
ing. You tiiid alio another Root in this Country, .is big
as a Man's two Fills, covered with Filaments of Gold-
colour, and as fmtwth as Silk : They make Beds thereof;
but curious and fliilful Workmen would certainly be able
to m.ike fine Stufts of it.

One fees but very few wild Fowl or Birds, except Ca-
naries, Qiiails, tame Hens, and Turky-cocks, which are
very numerous : You meet with leveral Places very hilly,
and fo full of very thick Woods, that you can hardly
travel through them : But tliat which makes travelling
very dilliculr, i.s, that you liiid very oiten Rocks a Le.igue
or half a League long, which are to ragged, and lb Iharp,
tlut you can hardly walk upon them witliout cutting your

that, in thr old r^rimnfft Maps aiul \o) ages, this I'art of the OcMii is
,f<,, or nihir llan^.i,jj„, «liich the \SaJ>, with ivhich it is ipreaj,

J, L Shoes

V'4

Tk VOYAGES of

Book 1,

fc.

hin'^'

|,!»'^

i'f,'

1.1

ShofS olVynur Fict : At ilic faiui- iltnc, it is very rcmarli-
able, that tlwlt Kotk.;. ju- lb lull ut Niiin, tluc in ilic Siim-
mcr-tiriK you i.uiiiot Ice ilutii , Ix-iaiifo they arc lovcreil
all over with Vinc-lcives. Ilic Vines fprcjil tlitir Kooti
through the t rj[ii or Chinii^ ot the K(Kks, wiiich arc l6
Imali, that it ii a Wonder how tliry IhkI any Nourilhineiit
there i ami yet, if you ilant a Nine in the other j;o<aI
Ground of thii tOuntry, it will not grow, I he Corn, and
other Fruits "' tlut IllanJ, will not keiu above a Vc.ir ;
fiay, if you k((p tlu- Corn above loilr Klonthi, without
burying It under-ground, it will rot, and be liKiileil: lo
prevent this, each Inhabitant has a I'lt out ot the 'I'own,
whiiii in round at tlic Top, and large enough to let a
Man in : J he I leail i^ tovercd with a Stone, and Uickitl
up. Some ot thcle Fit^ are lo large, that they might con-
tain two or three I.Blls ot" Corn, alall containing io8
Bulhtls ol J/Kjhr.km Mcallire, and e.uh Bulhcl weighs
forty I'oumis, or more. They put tluir Corn in thole
Pits in 'Jn.'y, and cover the Stone wiiii Faith, to pnfervc
it the better, and at Chrijlmas they take it out •, though
fonu- keep it longer, but it is then as good, and as tine, as
when put in the I'its.

The Oxen in that IflantI .ire the largeft and the finift
that tan Ix-, equal to any in Europe i their Horns are nion-
llrous wkle i every one hath his Name, like our Pogs j
and they are (o familiar, that when ihe Mailer calls one ot
them by his Name, though he is aniongd a tiunirand
others, he will prcfently come to hin». One would tlni.k,
that the Ground of that Illand was hollow ■, lor, when you
walk upon the Rock, it liiuiuU : And indeed the thing is
probable enough •, for the Iflaml is much lubjeft to F'.irth-
quakes. You tind in many Places of the Iiland ot .SV. Mi-
tbitt! Holes, or Crack«, out of which thire comes a
great Smoke, and the Ground all about is burnt : But this
is no uncommon thing in molt ol thol'.- Illands ; for all of
them have Mount.uns of Sulj luir. I lere are Fountains fo
hot, that you may U)il an V^'j, in the Water. 1 hrcc
l/cagucs ofi jlnfra is a Fountain whirh changes Wood
into Stone ; and there was loiiiurly a Tr.e to be lien, the
Roots of w hich, being in that Water, were Hony, and as
hard as Flint. 'J'his lllami produces excellent Timber,
cipccially Cedar, whkh is fo common, that th:y make
Carts and Waggons ot it, and iven burn it. The llland of
P/.j, twelve lA-agues dillant trom itrcfrn, produces a
Sort of Wood called Te:xo, which is as lurd as Iron, and
looks red and Ibining whui it is worked. It li.itli alio this
gtxKl (jiiality, that it is Ix-tier and liner when it is old j
which makes it fo precious, th.it nolxKJy dares cut it, but for
the King's l-'l'e, and by virtue of a tpecial Order from the
King's O.'iicers.

I'he thief Frade in the Ifland of Terctra confifts in
Woajl, of which they have a great Plenty : The Fleets of
Poitugiil anil Spain, which fail to the haft India, ilrafil,
CaptVtrdf, (juinty, and oilier Countrie^, Handing in for that
llland totakeiiiRefrcllinunts, bringa good 'Fraile, not only
to the Inhabitants ot -rcyara, but likcwifc to rhote of the
naghbouring llbmls, who lell to the Ar/wf "'/'^ and Spa-
niards their Maiuitactures at good Prizes. Seven or tight
Leagues South-eail ot Tercrra Iks the Ifland of St. Mt-
(had, about twenty l^eagces in Length-, it hath fvcral
'Fowns and Villjgis. 'Flic capital City is named Pinta dd
Uuda, v.liith drives a more conliJrrable 'Frade inGarden-
woid than Tercera, becaufj there is a greater (^antity of
it here than in any of the other Flands -, for it pruiu> es
above two hundred tlioulaiid (Jiiintals every Year : H<ic
arc alio arable Ljnds, which produce fuch abunilance of
Corn, that tht y tr.ir.li'.ort it to the other in.inds-, but it
atVords no Harbours, nor Rivers, n<jr Shelter, lor Ships.
The Ifland of Siinla Maria is but twelve Ix-agues South of
SI. Miibael, and is ten or rwclvc Lcagut s in Circumference.
They tnule only in Fjrthcn-warc, which they tranfjxirt to
the other Iflanus ; but they have Plenty of all nvinner of
I'rovifions. .Seven orei^iit laagues Ncirth North- well of
'Jencra, is the hftle Ifland of Cralioja, not above five or
fix I /agues in Circumference, and very plentiful and
tniitlul.

'Fhe llland of Si. George is 3lx>ut eight or nine Leagues
North sveft Irom Tercera \ it is twelve I, eagues in Length,
and two or three in Brculih. 'Fhij is a wild inountauious

Country, ami Ivars a little NVoail: The Inhaliitants liKilil
by tilling the (iround, and keeping Cattle \ and tiny Lav;
abuiiii.inee of CeiLir, which they exjiort to iVrwa, .Sivcii
German Leagues ,S<iuth South-well of St. (Jtcft's v„ii
hiul the lllanil of F.iyal, which is feventten or eijlucui
Leagues in Ciicumlereme, and is the Wi\ ot ^\\^■ j^gyi^
next to 'lenera, and St, Micbail ; it alVords alnimLcut ot
Filh, Cattle, and other Commotlltics, which they . xuirt
to Terter,!, and the other Illiuids i they have lik »ii-
plenty i)t Woad. 'Fhe thief 'Fown is c.ukd /;//,/ /j;r;,,
Molt of the Inh.ibit.ints of this llland areN.itives.it tli;
LouCctintiies, but they IJK.ik now i\v rortugute'Wmm,;^
'Fliey love the llmings naturally, and ufe all .Strau'wu
very kindly, 'Fhree Fxagues to the South-eall of hu!
and four Leagues to the South- well of St. C,iorg<'s,'i:.\
twelve Ixagues to the South-welt and by Will ot 7>r,Yrj,
lies the llland ai Pico, fo called Irom a Moiimain i;ii!
named Pike, fomc being of Opinion that it is higher then
the i'ikc of 'leneriff, in the Canaries. I'he Inhuhirjnti
cultivate the .Soil, and keep Cattle, to fubfilt on, Th:)
in.uul hatli Plenty of all Sons of I'rovifions, and yicldsiiic
bell Wine in all the jlfircs : It is about tilteen l.(a:!urM;i
Cinumlercnce. From Terctrj, to the ifland ot /,'rr,
which lies ti) the Well, they reckon fcvrniy l,{a;,t,^
and about a l.eai;ue to the North ot Horts, youHii:;;.r
fmall Ifland of Con.o, not above two or tliree I n^iKh u\
Cinumlirence. 'Flufe two Iflands arc aaounfril nirn
amongll t!ie J(ore.i, and are under the Lnu- (iovnr.d!.
JUrej IS alxHit ftvtn I .eapues in Circumlrreiicf i it|'M-
ducts Woad, and a valt Plenty of all Piovilioiis. i „
Winiis .ve fo Ihong, and the Air fo pitrcin,'/,, djiciiji.v ,i
Tirura, that tluy Ijxiil ami conliiiue, in a lliiit i.nic, ;'.■
Stones ot the I Ionics and the very Iron. 1 hi y li.:vj a
fort of Stone, which they find within the ,^'fani-iK, and
which is liarii.'r, and refills the .Sharpnefs ot i!ie Airlif^tt r,
than the other Sorts i and for that Kealim thiy Uiil., il'
1 rorts ol their I loiiles with it.

41. On their entering the SpcinlJ/j Se.K, the W'?:' ::
proved lb lad, th.it the Advice-Ship loll luT K;iu;r,
This Accident (ibliged them to go throu;-;h tlicLl .ir.J, h
order to purchale a new one on the I-.ngliJfj LmW. T,\;
1 roiib, Dtinijb, and other Ships, generally tak.' i!;i;
Houti- J but the Shijis bilongiiig to the 7)rt.'.i /■•>.' /•-'i
Comjany are obliged to fail round the Cealt of Ir.irJ.,
fr<jm an Apprehenlion, tliat in cafe they ni; t wit!i lii-rsy
Wiather in theCli.inel, they would be obligul to put ::;j
Ibiiie t.nglijb Port, which might be attended wii.i iiu y
IiKonvcniencits. Such Shijis, however, as li.ivc liil';.;;:xi
any Damage at Sea, arc |>crniitted to pals tliroUj;!! i.i
Chanel, provided they arc not in a Condition to kequ::
.Sea long enough to go rounil the Irijb dull, .•« w.is 1. ;
cale «)f the Advice Ship bil'oie-mentioneil : Alter tivi;
Weeks Sail, during which timt they were iiivolved inco;-
tinual Mills and Fogs, they ludSi^;ht at l.ill i;l the Oriii
Iflands, where Ibine Dutch Ships were tl:U employed intn;
Herring Fiflbery. In the Latitmle of 6o% tliey met w^i
fome Shij-s that were waiting tor them, which C( nvrycJ
them to the Co;ill of Uolhind, when- ev.ry .Sliip mtiTcJ
its defliiK-d Port in Satay •, and thofe on bn.iiu wl-.ichthc
Prifonets were, tame into the 'Texd the iitliol Jv
1725, and five Days after arrived at ■imjiirdiim, the v.:y
fame Day two Years that they faileil on tlas N'mJ^v-

42. Upon the Return of the Squadmn, tlu'Jsitu.itiono;
Affairs was much altered-, for tiK- //V' l""''' ^""i"p-'')'
immediately tommenctd a Suit, in |{< liall ot thcinlcivc,
and of the Perlims cmployeti on boanl th- Sijii.Kiioni.:w^f
their Protection, in order to obtain S.ais!.i. ticn tor t."(
Injultke done them by tir.- Eajl Indi.t Comiui.y. 1 -■
let forth in the Memorial they prtfent-d 10 ilvit H'si''
Mightinellcs the States General, that ilidi: Ships luJ !)«'•■
fitted out in purfuance of the Powers granted to the Ur;-
pany by the States \ that they were not lb n.ueh *"'';'"'"'
with a View to the Profit of the N'oyagr, as tioin (!■'■ |*''
gard had to the Ailvaiitages that might relult to the niD
he Irom theii Difcovetics i that, though it wis true, t:K.(
Ships had not perfefleei, as indeed it could not be- ex:)c-. -•
the Delign on which they were employed, yet tluy '' ■
male great Progrels therein, and Ibi h as l;-***-" ""1'.'."
arriving 111 time at all tiut was piopulcJ by ''•'• _ j '

al;

chap. I.

Commodore R o g g f, w e i n.

31J

>., n I thit, ill '!"'"« '''''•' ^^^y ''•''' I"""' " «•■"' ''"' "'^
T ," lui.tumal the Ml IVirf, if not all, «( their I'rovi-

fis'iiKl h*.l ciKlurcii iiicrcUiWc HardHiipsj which hatl
! I ! them, or rather oljliucil them, to think <>» return
\'Ahmc by the Way of the /^y? India ^ tlwt thry hail
ru Ikfirn, iuh), in ti^l, wcf- in no CoiulitiDn, to larry
',uny ibrtotTrailc in tlioll- Farts i but luught nunly to
meet with fomc Kdrclhmcnts, ai.d to olM.un fuch Allill-
jiu-imongft their Country nun, as, in guahty of Subjects
«t the Mati« of UallatiJ, they hail a Riglit to dcniaiul i
thr imiiKiliatcly on their Arrival at Hiitavin, without
ivilciriiig. ih>ir Ships and Cargoes were condimnai and
iolJ anil the lew Men that hail fuivival the 1 lardfhips
rry lud cnJurril, not in the Company's Service onlv,
bit that ol the I'lihlic, l>ad been fent Home as Criminals,
fiifoners in the Eaft India Company's Ships, notwith-
lUiding tliit thi; GoviT'iorGcneral, and his Council, were
fti-ll apuriled of the Nature and Circumllanccn <jf the
Cal'j: That fuch a manner of Proceeding is extremely dan-
■•rrous not only to the IVcft India Company, but to the
mI:., aiul to tin- I'ubiir, finer it plainly dif i.iiiat.ies In-
i!i;ilry, new Uilcovcries, and the Extcniioii of Commerce.
ThiTctorc it is ablolutely rcquifite, tiuir I ligh Migliti-
tSe% rticulil ir.tcrpofe in the pnfeiit Cah, as well lor the
fettling this important Point, with rinard to I'utuiity, as
lor the lake ol it.lrclling the /A V// India Company, the
05.cirs, »iid Sianun, that have been thus injured, and
giiin;; that Satisfaction to Se-alarinf? People in general,
uliicii was To apparently nerelliiry to free rlicm liom the
A;)prciunfioiis ot kin^ punidied ny a Company Abioad,
fi. |x:rfoniiiii(5 what was luokei! upon to be their Duty at
Home.

Tiic Statts Gciitral immeillately direded the Eafl InJia
Company to put in an Aiifwcr to this Memorial, that they
n.ight m the lirll place fee, wluther they would avow the
Foih anJ next, wlutlur any Reafons could be alleged to
\M) it : Tiie litijl liu'-ia Company did not at all hefitate
iiiiicclaring her Approbation of what Ikus been ilone by the
OuvirnorGcniral, and his Council, in the In.livs. In
thdr Memorial, which contained an Anfwcr to what had
bt;n alleged againll them, they pleaded, that the Eaft
/Vi;jCr.mpany, \n Holland, was originally (rected for le-
cjingthe Commerce in tlut Part of the World 10 the Subjetts
c:' the States (icneral, trading under the Limitations of
ihcir Clurtcrs \ that this P.nd had been moft elKrtually an-
I'wfrc,'. tliruugti the prudent Management of the Company,
tJtiie Kiivy 01 ad b'.uropt •, th.it it had been implTiblc to
iluth;s, or to maintain the Power of the Company in that
Pi'tot the Woild, but by the ftricl Kxecution of the ex-
c'.i;vc dailies in their Charter : That the Ships of the
'■'f/i /«iiVi Company wcri' no more privileged than any
ether Ships in this rclpid -, ami that, if the Eaft India
Caxpany hii.1 invaded the Bounds granted to the Company
i.it now complains, they would have taken the very fame
i.i;';:rcthat tlie K,ft India Company li.is lately done for the
Mi:nt:i-,aceoftheii Rights, with equal Realbn: That the
rMiu\crics their Ships wi n- intended to make, were within
I'le Bounds airigiied the ll'eft India Company \ and their
OiTicersdinfted, by their Iiillruilions, to proceed no far-
litr than a certain 1 altitude, and to return through the
w-ijihts of Magtlinn ; with which Inllrucbons if they
uiconiphtd, this l-'.vcnt cimkl not have lalleii out, and
conlcquentlv there could have been no Oceafion given for
'••;i Compuirt : 'I'hat the Oiricers of the Eaft India Com-
ply, mthe India, could not ait in any odicr manner, than
li tie luftruclbiis, grounded on the Company's Charter,
j-KCti Olid conlcqiicntly could rwt, in the prefcnt Cafe,
toe done othcrwiic than they have, without In-mg want-
i-Sin thiir Duty to the Company ; That, to have prc-
VLMtd any thing in this nature, it the H^eft India Com-
|?'''V , r'T'""^" the NccelFity of iJieir Ships returning by
c<.yj Ikms, they ought to have applied to the Com-
R i.ir thtir lacence, and for Iiiftmttions, in dieir Bc-
rj^. tu the Governor-General and Council in the India i
tat, lor wont of taking diefe Precautions, the Ships of the
:'{ '*•'" Company, when in the Eaft India, could not
*toownor conlidcred in any manner ditlcrcnt from other
-■■■1" 1 tut, upon committing any Otfenco, were liable to
'•■ii'Telumdiment tlut would have been inlUctcd upon

private Tr.idcrs : That the very fetting forth of this to be
an extmordinary Cafe exculpates the Utfictrs of the Eaft
India Company, who have no Power of taking notice of
any extiaordmarv Cafes, Ijut mull ait in all according tu
the ordinary Rules prelirilied by their Inftrurtions ; that it
they Ihould either have Power allowed, or Ihould alVumc
to themlelves a Power, of atitingotlicrwifc, it would k- at-
tended with vf dangerous Confequcnccs, rather more
than lels prejudicial to the public Weltarc, than what lias
happened in the prefent Cale \ that, in reality, there is no-
thing very prejiKlicial, much lefi iniquitous, in the Faft
now under Conlideration, fincc the Seizure is of no great
Value to the It^'r/l India Company, and, with refpedt to the
Public, will Ix; l(» far from preventing Difcovcries, that
it mult |)ri)Ve a Means of promoting them, by obliging
luch Ofticiis, as may be hereafter fent upon I)crigns ot this
Nature, to purfue their Inllrudlions dole, without framing
I''.x|xilients to thcmfelves, from a Prcfumption, that to
a Cafe which they think extraordinary, the lettlcd Laws of
their Country mull give way : That, upon the Whole, they
fubiiiit it to their I ligh MightincHes, whether the Charter
ol th.e Eaft India Company, being an Art of Sute, ought
not, as fuch, to be conlidcred as a Law to their Subjects •,
and whether, it it bo not fo conlidcred, the Charter can
be of any L'fe to the Company at all i whether, if the
Rules of tin; ( barter Ix: coiilidercd as a Law by the Offi-
cers of the Company in the India, they have, in this Cafe,
done any more than was their Duty i and whether, if ei-
ther tluy, or the Company, llioukt be punilhcd for doing
their Duty, it would not be, in I'.lfedl:, doing the very
'Piling that is here complained of as an flardlhip. It mutt
be allowed, that this Deteiice of the EJaft India Company
was viry plaulible, and carried in it a great Shew of
Reafon.

But, areoidiiig to the Cuflom of Holland, thefe Memo-
rials, atter having been confideied, vvcrc remitted into the
1 lands ot the pioper OlHcer, who w:is appointed to draw
up, not only the Judgment given in thus Cate, but the
Realons upon which that Judgment was given, which were
in .Subllaiice thelc : The Eaft India Company was created
at a time when the Maritime Power of the State was in
its Infancy, and that of their Enemies the Spaniards very
great in tliofe Parts ; and that, confequently, what might
Ix' very right, and very requifite, in lueh a Situation, ce.dls
fo tolx", when the Circumllanccs of '1 hings arc ablbhitely
altered, as at this Day : That it is not a Thing to be taken
for granted, that the great Power, andextenlive Dominion,
of the Company in the Indies is equivalent to the Power
and Dominion of the States thcmfelves, with refpcdt to the
general (jood of their Subjeds •„ becaulc this is a radt which
has been doubted by many, and abfolutely contradided by
fome of the grcatelt Statefmen in Holland: That, as to
the Right ot the IVtft India Company, to do the fame
Thing in the lame Cale, it proves nothing ; becaufe it is a
Maxim, trom which the States will never depart, that nei-
ther of tliele Companies have acquired, by their Charters,
a Piivilt ge of doing Wrong. That the Inftiudions of the
ll'eft India Company to their Officers, to proceed to a ccr-
uin Latitude, and return to the Streights of Magellan, is a
clear Proot, that they had not the leaft Intent of breaking
in upon the I'rivileges of the Eaft India Company, or of
fending Ships into their Limits ; and if the Officers did not
obey thet'e Inllruilions, it cannot be imputed as a Fault to
the Company, who gave them, or as a Crime to the Offi-
cers, who would have obeyed them, if they could, but
were compelled, by that Necellity which tiiperfedcs all
loiws, to return as they did : That the Governor-General
and Council of the Indies might very eafily diftinguilh
between Ships coming to trade, and Ships that fouplit a
PalVage Home ; cfpccially, iince it was apparent, by the
Condition they were in at their Arrival in the Eaft India,
that they really were in no CircuinlLinccs ot Trading •, that
their Neceliitics were fuch as they let them out to be ; and
that they were willing to liibmit to whatever Regulation the
Ortkers of the Eaft India Company thought tit to prelcribe,
for preventing any Inconvenience Irom their remaining in
thofeScas. The Officers of the Eift India Company are llill
Subjeds of the States of IManJ, and arc not at all bound
to execute the Inlkudions of the ConiiMny to the Prejudice

Hi
U

3i6

The V () Y A (» E S of

B(H)k I.

ft . fi;

^ii

t>f the Piibfu- i and therefore thry mull h.ivi » l»owrr ol
diainguilhiim in liiih Calc-i, ti) jircvrnt thrir h.inn grKu
!»enant<to tlic Corniuny, at tlu- Ixpcncc ot iKinf, Imi"l>-iriy i^^^M ilcni.iml .» Lurnii' U»r
Wh.it till y emir.ivound to picviiK , ami th.it tlicir Inllmi-
tiom, inthurc«i'id, arc incontrlhbli' I'ruit'-iot their IHIire
to avoiil «ny DiCinite* with that Conijiiny. Ikfi-ii s thi-
diliovetwR o' new Countms i» « I'Omt ti( evident Advan-
tage tc» thf whole Conimunity. and ought l)y no mean*
to depend . n the Will or I'lealiire ol any eom|)any what-
ever, lincc til- Henefuot the Whole ought alwayMotakc
i'Ue ot the I'rivilrpe^ {;ranted to any I'art ol a I'eople.
'I'ho Ortkern ot the Fafl India Comp.my wir- the proper
Juilj; < of tins and oupht to have ma.ie the Dillinciion at
Huhieols of the State ol Holland \ tor tluy othirwifi- iniglit
cxpi-Ct the fime thing with relJHa to M.ipsol War; an.l,
titnler eoloiir of fupjorting the IVivilei^c ot the Company,
erect a new and indeprndent Sovert i^nty in tlic Mii!.
This intirely dcllroys the Notion of gnat Imonvi-niimiis
chat mull arife from the Odiier^ ul the Company alVuniinj',
to th mlllvts fuch a I'owcr \ beeaulc, if they havi- not luch
a Power, they are not at 1 .il)erty to dillint'.uilh Ixiwiin the
Obedience they owe the Company, ai.d tluir Duty to the
Public. That this Mcthoil of treating thefe Ships will con-
tribute to the promoting Difcovtiies, or to any other fjootl
tnil what(i)ever, is a Ihing not to be prcfumcd mnin tlic
CcmiMnv's AfUrtion, fincc- the contrary is much mure pro-
bcble. This lorccs one to obferve, that there r- no I'oiiit,
in which the private Intereft ot this or any other Com-
pany more plainly interferes with that ot the I'ublic, th,in
in this of dilcovcring I^nds hitherto unknown , lor, as this
would infallibly contribiiti- to the I-'xtenlion nf Coiniiif rce in
general, fo it is no lefs])lain, that it would hurtthc Intirert
of the Company in particular ; cljieiially, if it k- true, that
the Countries, imde known by this N'oyagc, alxjund with
Spici"s, and otiier rich Commodities ol the India. It is
this Reficdlion Hiat ought to incline ui tofulpciJt, that the
coming into thole Seas was not the<nly Crime that ilnw
on the Perfpns on Iward the Ship lb heavy a I'unilhment,
but rather that it was aggravated l.y the Rejwrts received ot
their DifciiVtries •, and, it fo, it very mu«li imjxjrts the
State to prevent l"hings ot this nature, fince, as the haft
7/»J'/j Company cannot prevent oth^-r Nations tiom attempt-
ing fuch l>irioveries, the plain Conloiut nee of this Con-
liuct of theirs mull be, plating tlu- irll of the Siibjfe'ts of
this State m a woric Condition, than it ti.ey were the Sub-
jcd s of any other I'ower, which Is a Thing that ought by
no means to be peririittcd. As to the Vakie of the Ships,
and their Cargoes, it cannot alter the Cafe at all •, for, whe-
ther it lie great or little. Satisfaction ought to W- made tor
what lus ken unjullly taken away ; and, as to the (ending
home the Men on board thefe Ships ;is I'rilbners, it has evi-
dently the worft Tendency tliat can k- •, kcaufe, while they
were in the Service of the I'ublic, thry were efjx-ually un-
der its Protection i to that, to pals liy fuch an i\ti with
Impunity, will k to lacriticc the Honour of the (iovirn-
nicnt, and the Safety of the Nation, to the I'rerogjtives
ot a Company mifundeiflcxxl. Befidcs, flionld this .Sen-
tence of tiie C«o\ernor-Cit ni-ra! and Council of the Indus
be fupix)rtt-d here, as the Memorial from the Company d.-
fires, It would undoubtedly otcafiun frequent Mutinies,
fince a Ship's Comiuny touid not promifc themli-lvi s Pro-
tection from their Okdience to their Orticers lawful Com-
mands, bi.t mult Ihnd expoled to the arbitrary Cmf.ires ot
another Authority, with the Cultoms of wliich ih( y cannot
be acquainted. On the Whole, therefore, we ought to
conclude, tl.ar, in this Cafe, the Cjovernor-General and
Council of the India have exceeded the Bounds of their
ligal .Authority, a.id done what cannot be iuftitied by the
C ompany 's Charter, which conk-quently c annot k weakened
in any rtfiK-cl, by the fttting this Sentence afide, and re-
tirtdiiig the I'artus injured •, whiih ought, thertfore, ro be
done immediately, ami in an exemplary manner -, that
the l:jji fiidi.i Company, and their Othctrs, may, for the
hmire, Iran; to make iuch Uritinclions as are rcquilite for
the .Security ot Conin.ercc in general, and for the Safety
ol tilt Sutijccti ot tluj Stat-: in particular.

Accordingly their High MighiinelTei the State* Gnvn
ordereil and durenl, that the ttijl India Conip.iny (l,^,|j
turiiilh the If'tjl /ifi//.< Company with two ntw Slni^^^m,,
vku ly rifjged in cvi-ry ref|)rCt, better th ihofe whuhthfy
had condemned ami conhlcatidj that the foinur (huu'l
1ikewil(- p.iy to lh<- latter the toll ValiK: ot tlnir Caro.iri
li> liion as that N .iKie could k tixrd .iiul alurtained j tim'
with n-li>e^t to the Crew ol Imth Shipn, thr A,i/) f^.'
Company (lioiild juy theni their Wages, to the 'W^^ ,,
their Rriutii to llolUind \ that, moreover, the (jul toirl
pany ftiotiM iviy all Cotls ol Suit, kfules a certain .Sum !»
the I'liblic I'll, lor having thus aluiled their Authority
Such was the I ml ol this imiwirtant ControverlV, amllu,',
the wife and et|uitablc Dccifioii ot the St-ates (untral m
this DiTpute between the two Companies •, which lusbcin
the mote largely infilled ui>oii, kuule, though it fill um m
Holland, y<t the Point in Ddvite comerned eijiujly lunic
other Countries \ to lay the Truth, es-i ry Country, whtr?
there is any exclulivc Company ellablilhed : And I cam,:
but k perliiaded, that every impartial Reader, whucun-
tidtrs the Reali'in on kjih S\t.\f\ as they have iu t n ktcrt
clearly llated, will k- of Opinion, that their Mi(',h Mn.;;.
tiiu-lles di(linguin>ed very julliy ktween the partu ular Ai!.
vantages refulting to a Company ellablilhed by tlinr .-^u-
thoriry, and the common Bencht hi all their Subjcdts, fi,r
tl'.e maintaining and prnmoiing ot which their own Autho-
rity is ellablilhed. i'hcre is one Thing more I mi,ll ob-
ferve upon this Sentence, and it is this \ that the .''tjtchave
given both Companies u Rule, |iy whidi ilry oiiylit ton--
gul.ite their Condia't tor the luturei and have thertbv, in
all Probability, prevented fuch l.xcelUj, m by this hrr,.
tence they puniliieil : And yit, jierhapj, this Accident h:,>
dcred the Prolecution of the Uilcovcrics which this Vovigc
h.id lb happily k-gun.

4 J. The Rem.irks that I fliall make ii|Tnn this Vovj;;
(hall k" confined to a few He.ids, and tliofe of fu.h a. Na-
ture, ns, may contribute at once to the Rcaiier's Aniulrn-.Tt
and Infoimation, as well as to t.'ic clearing up Ibme Yo.xs,
that may Item a little (ibllure in tlie toregoin;; Vova:;:.
In the tirll place, it r. worth cbferviiif!;, iluit the ll'til Idt
Company in liciland h.ith ken long :ii a declining t'oni-
tion -, which, mlltad of ilelpiriting the Directors ha-.rr-
g.igeil them to turn their 'J houghts on evcy MithiKl t ;::
could k imagined tbr the Recovery ol their .Afc.
There is fo wulc a Dift'erente krween our Companies r.l
thole in Holliind, th.it it may not be amils to jnve aco^^.•
Ac<ollnt ot the tlourilhin^' Slate of this Cunip.ii:y, the::-
thcr, kcaufe it willlhew wh.irpreat Thinj'sa Koardof Met-
ch.uits, lor I'ikIi the Directors generally were, caiuiiarjgf.
It appears by the Books ol ih'-Compar.y, that, intiie.Spa:
ot thirteen Years, that is to l,\y, Irom i6 j < to |6;6. th:'.
fitted out to Sea fight hundred Ships, eith-.r fur Wirfr
Trailc 1 anil that i\v l-'.X|x-nce of HuiKling, l-'quipping, nd
.Scamer.s Wagis, ot thelt-, coll them loriy-live Milhiisoi
Florins v and that, in the f;»me Sp.icc of iinic, thiyhil
uken Irom their bnemy five hi.ndred and forty-tivc \ ilFil',
valued, in the Wliolc, at lixty Millions-, klidrs w;;k.'i,
thiir Sjioils anunuitcd to thiity Miilions at liaft: E.t
the greattll of their I'.xploif^i \%as, that of lii/ini; the ^jvnii
Flota at the llavtinna, by then Admiral Va:r }lm, by
whiihthey g.untd Icven Millions of Pieces ot lit;iit ::i
Money, and in Ships, Brafs Cannon, and other military
Stores, akjvc ten Millions : Such were the (leuiilliirg
Timis ot the Company. The Caufes of thtir Die.iy fccmcd
to k priiKipally thefe; l-"irft, tluir l'iniul.it:on ot the i4
India Company, which induced th( m to nuke the ('on-
quell of Bra/il from the Crown of Portugal : Thl's th;yat-
chicvcd at a vail l-.xpencv i and then .ippoii ted tot'"'.
Maurice of Najfau (lovernor-CJeneral, who m-in-iS"! tkir
Atlairs with great Skill and Prudence. But th n, ficondly,
the l)i lire they had of managing all Thii;'.s tlxmldi'ts,
and their repining at the Expcnce of tlut Prince's (iprtn-
ment, was another Caufe of their Misfortunes i lor it
Merchants, who had conducted their Affairs \vi;h gW
Wifdom and Capacity, while they contlned thrir-f-h"'"
Commerce, and a Maritime War, llicwcd tlicmlilvc; to
inditlVrent Statcfmen •, and, in a very ftiort true, I™ >■'
tliat Prince Muuruc h.id acquired, Lriiu?,in(^, with'l> ■'•',-

fell

chap. I.

Commodore Roggewein.

3»?

I Dtbc upon the Compny, ai, in the Knil, comjx lied them obferve, that, tftcr this Fropontlon wu reiefted, the Dl-
...ri..... ft^lori of the MV /»<//« Company very wifely rurned their

Thoughu another Way. It ii very probablr, that the En-
couragement thty gave to Mr. Reigmeiii't Propofition
might be, in fome meafure, owing to the ill '^rcatmen^
whith thii FrojeA had received : tor what wa« morr natu*

, mI. after failing in thtir Sclieme of uniting their Company

i,m^, ...igl't *"y probably have tranvfcrrtd the *holc to that of the Et0 India, than to aim at coming in for a
Comrmne "f t.^r'P' »" '■•'^ '^"f*- 'l'h'» confiftcd in the Share of thefc Commodities, To neccfTary for their tom-

'" ' "^ mercc, by fome other Way ? And what Way foproper ai

that propofcd by this Voyage, which would, in tffcdt, have
put the mcft valuable i'art of the Eaft India Traiie into
their 1 lands ? And this too accounts lor the extraordinary
t leat and Violence of the E^fi India Company againft thofe,
who were concerned in thii Difcovcry.

The Reader will eafily rrcolUdt an Instance of the fame
fort of Spirit, wiiich they had fhcwn long before, in the
Cafe of Jamts h Main \ and what Pains they took to dif-
credit his Difcoveries. Here we fee the true Secret of that
Pifpute, which wu lb warmly managed by both Compa-
niti, and fo wifely decided by the States General. When
the Eaft India Company perfccuted and deAroyed It Mairt,
the Government did not interpofe, becaufe, at that time,
the Maintenance of the Power of the Eaft India Company
was of the higheft Confequence to the States i but fuch as
were concerned in that Expedition appealed to the Public
Hand, the H't/l India Company purchalcti the K.ourts anil againft the Injuftice they had received, and were heard with
iufitu which arc a fort of Shelb that pafs for Money thro* all the Favour they could expcdt : But, by degrees, as the
ill ihc Slave Coaft of Africa, from the Eaft India Com- Government of Holland became more fettled, and efpeci-
py, who, on the other hand, purchafed from the lytft ally fincc fuch have had a Share in the Admintdration of
hkt Company a great Part of the Gold they brin^ from public Affairs as were well acquainted with Trade, the

,0 confrnt 10 a Diiroiufion .....

The new //>/» Ma Company, warneil by the l?xim|)lc
ofihtirMcicirors, have kent more within Boumls, and
hivt ctrtiiniy managnl ihrir Affairs with great (Xionomy
,nJ Fnidrncc. In the Year 1714, they formed a Proitdt
ot a vcrv extraordinary Nature, whkh, if it hail taken

pbct, mij

Comrmne III on-yf itf I".- •'■

I'ntingot ihetwoComuaniiJ, I mean, thofe trading to the
lili and tt'ffi lidifi. In order to this, they offcretl to
irinilff all that they poffefleil in //rica and ^mtrita to the
id India Company, in Confulcration ot aliout 1 ao.ooo/.
M.rlinKi which Sum the Proprietor of the orelent lt^(ft
/dJM Company mre to have atcepteil in £4/? inJia Stock i
Hid nint Direilors were to have been added to the prtlent
Cullfgror Board of Eaft India Dindlors, for the Managc-
nwnt ot this additional Trade. At the- lame time they
oftcfcd a Calculation, by which it appeared, that the Funds
of tht W'(/» InJia Company, which, ai cording to this Pro-
jtft, were to be transterred to the Eaft India Company,
would more than defray all the Expence, that this Conjun-
i',!on would create. The Benefits that would have arilen
tromthiJ Incorporation of the two Con)panies into one were
• many and great, and, which, {Krhaps, is of no kfs Confe-
qurnif, equally vifible and certain \ for, as Things now
llind, the H'^ India Company purchafed the Courit and

Compj
theCoart ot Guintf7Thu kind (»f Traffick, by this Scheme,
would be intircly in the Eaft India Company, who would
immediately ingrols the Slave Trade into their own Hands.
By the aci\hig Fortnfles, and raifing Settlements in feve-
nlPimof.'^rrVif, whkh would be eal'y for them, tho* the
Cifcumftanccs of the If^eft India Company would never
termit them to attempt fuch things, fiich a prodigious
Wcikh would accrue, on the one hand, by faving the Ex-
f(nc(s of bringing home from the Eaft Indits Commodi-
tiM fit for the /tfriian Trade, and from /ifrita Goods pro-
per lor the Ei^ Indiei, which, according to tliis Plan,
might be tranfported diretflly in both Cafes, without ever
coming to Eureptu all \ and, on the other hand, by inlarge-
ing the Conur.erce both Ways, the Power and the InJlu-
crceofthc Company would be fo incrcafcd, that it would
be fimply imjionible for other Nations to contend with
them in either Trade. Thefc Settlements in ji/rica would
>l!b be attended with another extraordinary Advaiiuge, that
d difcovering feveral rich Mines of Gold ; of which what-
ever Informations the H^tft India Company may have had,
theyntvtrcouldattempt to work them, becaule, knowing
their own Weaknefi, they were apprehenfive, that fuch an
Attempt, inftcad of proving advantageous to them, might
have Induced other Nations to have attacked them, and
thereby have exjHjfid their Country to the Lofs of what
tnighi be ceruinly gained, if underuken by fo powerful a
Body as the Eaft India Company. The Commerce of the
Grain Coaft ot Guinty, tho* of no confiderablc Value to the
ll'ifi Ma Company, Would prove of incredible Advantage,
»hcn in the Hands of the other Company •, becaufe the
Grain tranfjiortcd from /ffri(a b, a great Part of it, con-
fumed in the Eaft India, and is fo ticceOary a Commodity
™rc, that the Eaft India Company would have it in their
Power to raifc and fall the Price of Pepper, as they thought
f ; which would enable them to bring about what they

Concerns of the Eaft India Company are confidered in a
new Light.

That confummate Statefman and Patriot, jfebn de tfltltt
wa the iird who explained the Matter clearly i and his
Words arc fo applicable to this Subject, that I cannot for-
bear citing them, as moft worthy of the Keader*s Attention:
*• When the Eifft India Company, fays ne, had attained
*• to a certain Extent of Power and Grandeur, their Inter-
" efts came not only to dalh with, but grew abfoliftely op-
•' pofitc to, thofe of their Country : For whereas the Ad-
•' vantage of the Dutch Nation confifts in the Increafe of
" their Manufafturcs, Commerce, and Freight of Ships,
•• the Interell of the Country inclines them to promote the
" Sale of foreign Manufailures, and that with the leall
" Traffick and Navigation that is in their Power. Hence it
** is a fettled Point, that, if the I'jft India Company can
" gain more by importing Japan Cloths, Indian Ctuilts,
" Carpets, Chintzes, than raw Silk ; or it the Company,
" by creating a Scarcity of Nutmegs Mace, Cloves, Cin-
" namon, and other Spices, can raife the Price of thtiii,
" fo as to gain as much by 100 Tons, as they would other-
' wife get by 1 000 ^ we are not to expeft, that they fhould
" import thofe raw Silks, or be at the F.xpencc of tranf-
" porting 1000 Tons of Spice, tho* the former would alM
*' our Manufaftures at home, and the latter increafe our
" Navigation.'*

Thi> is fo pl.iin, and agrees fo evidently with the Intereft
of all Nations, as well as ot Holland, that it is impolTible for
any unprejudiced I'erfon not to diJcern, that all exclufive
Companies deftroy, inftead of promoting, the Commerce
of the Countries where they arc cllobhfhed. The lame great
Writer obferves, that the more any Company extends its
foreign Conqutfts, the more of their Stock nuill, of Ne-
celTity, be fpent for the Prefervation ; n.l Detente of fuch

— .». „ „ „.„.p --w„» ...... ^.^j Conqucils \ and confequently the greater thiir Dominions^

hjve fo long endeavoured, the getting into their Hands the the lefs the Company is able to nund the true intereft of that
Monopoly of that, as well as other Spices j which, perhaps, Traile, for the promoting which they were creftid. The
« 11 never be attained by any other Means. The proper Reader, from the large and accurate Account, which we
Commerce of the IVtft Indits alio would become infinitely have lately given him of the State of the Dutch Company's
more confiderablc under tlieir Management, than it would Affairs in the £<jtf Indies, will the more readily enter into*
« «ny other way ; and this efpecially by erefting Maga- and fee, the Juftice and Force of this judicious Obferva-
zincj tor Ei4 India Commodities in the Ifland of Qtracao^ tion.

'mm whence they might be cafdy fent into the SfoniftifVeft This leads me to renurk, that, in all Countries where
'w", and would produce a mighty Profit, though lold at fuch Companies arc already eftablilhed, the only Method
• muchlower Rate than the fame kind of Goods, which arc that can be taken to prevent the Confeqiiences that mi:ft
«inually brought into that Country by the Manilla Ship. attend them, is to play one Company againft another ; that
now It came to pafs, that this Propofal was rejetled, does is to lay, the Sutc ought always to ercotiragc and \nctcd
aotconcem my prcfcnt Purpofe ; and therefore I fliall only that Company, whkh is moft inclined to promote r itional
^WMB.ii. *^ ±M Com-

l»i|
Ml

■M

5i8

The V O Y A G YL S of

Book I.

Cpfrinwcp, and the E/pdrta'tion of the Goods uini Manu-
fhflum of tiic Country in which it is fettled. We have
•fen' ^»hat Advantage the Dutth draw from having a Com-
pany-King afnongll the Indian Princes of every in.ind \ and
therefore wecinnot be at a Lofs for the BAiehts, tlmt molt
rifult from the having the Nation's Company amonglt
•thofe exclufive Companies, ercftcd in every Nation. I'lXJn
thw Principle it was that the States General, in the pretcnt
Cafe, fo m;?ch favoured ttic fVfft India Comp.iny \ tor a
little Attention will fhew, that, in this Inftancc, they were
the Nation's Company •, that is to fay, by endeavoi>ring ro
dilcover new Coiintrirs, which mud have been attended
with an Increafe of Commerce, and of Shipping, they t>Ur-
fued their Country's Intereft, as well as their own. Ami,
as this is a Point that deferves to be illuftrated, give me
Letve to fuppofe, that, in conrequence of this Voyage, a
Settlement had been made in Eafitr Iftand: In order to fup-
jMjrt this, another Squadron miift have been fent, together
>ith a frelh Supply of People for the Colony i and, in Pro-
ccifs of Time, as their Trade and Difcoveries incrcafcd, an-
nual Squadrons would have gone, and returned •, which
mud have been highly advantageous to Holland. Bclidcs,
it is a great Matter to revive a Spirit of Trade and Difco-
very ; for let any one confider how foon ail the Condnrnt
and Iflands of jinttica were as well known as they are .-it
prefent, after they were firft found by Cekmim, and he
will be at no Lofs todifcern the Probability of eftablilhing
a large Trade in thofe Southcm Countries, which arc fo ini-
pcrf<rflly known at prefent.

Add to thb, that there cannot be a more true or certaih
Maxim than tHs -, that tho' particular Perfons, and efpeci-
ally Companies, gain mod by old and fetded Trades, yet
a new Commerce contributes mod to the enriching of a
People, becaufe it increafcs the Number of Workmen in
all Manufa^res at home, occailons the building new Ships,
heightens the Number of Seamen, and, in one Word,
inlirges and drengthens that Spirit of Indudry, which is fo
tieceffary to the Well-being of a trading Nation. Another

•' Reafon that might poflibly engage the States to favour
the IFfjt India Company in this Defign, was the Tendency
it had to promote that kind of Navigation, which, for this
lad Century, has fallen almod into Difule •, I mean, the

' Navigation round Cape Hern into the South Seas, i pon
the Difcovcry of which our Ancedors piqued themfctvcs
With fo much Juftice. The more one reflefts on this, the

*" more one is amazed at the Indolence of the prefent Age,
efpecially confitlering the ill Confequences that plainly reliilc
from it already. The Storn« about the Cape of Good
Hope were not morr terrible to our Ancedors, in the very
Dawn of Navigation, than the Doubling Cape Hern is to
fome People at this Hour, after fo many Voyages have
been made round it, and that too by theirown Countrymen,
as well as others. Captain Cotulej pafled it twice, Davtpitr
thrice, Clipperlen as often ; and yet now, after twenty
Years Difule, it is become a greater Bugbear than ever.
It was therefore high time for the Dulcb, who faw the
Irene':' yearly bringing large Sums out of the SfHith Seas,
to try, whether their Subjed^s could not be as tortunare,
wiihout Pr,g.iging in a contraband Trade with the Spaniards.
It is a great I'ltv, that we can't have Commodore Roggt-
Wf!»'s Froiiofals to tlie M'tft imiin Company, in which, nv.
doubt, there are abundance of curii/us Particulars ; bi;r, as
this is not to l)e hoped for, we mud content ourlclvcs with
ciideavixiring to fiipply this I'Jcficiency, by attcndiiiijclofely
to his \'oyage.

• Wc fee, that, before he thought of Rifrelhment, he
dretcheii as fur as the Coaft of Hrafil, and ilitl not loiter

• away his Time at tlic C.ijx: dt I'trdv, or any otlier Idartds :
And this was certainly the right W.iy •, for a Voyage to tiic
Coad of Hra/i! is und.nibt-dly no very hard or liifficuit Na-
vigation, .xs the lormer Voyages, tfp'riaiiy thole oi Dam
pter and Funnel, plainly fluw. But the Duttb Commodore
took nofin.a!l I'aii.s totiiduvcr I'-nie IilanJ upon ilutCoatl-,
where a Settlement might Ik- made, that his Coui-.trynicii
might, for the futi.ie, ii.ivc a Place of their own, wirh.nir
troulihng the Porln^ihfe at all. WIkt. this w,.s lotiml ini-

• pr,t«i<al>le, liis nirxi Cure v.as to rtconnoitrc ihc Kl.iml ol
.V. Icx'ii, which hail never liec-i thri,iigh!y difi /crid he-
kiic , 4H;J tiuttlore'ht lliouijht lie hul a Hi;;tn to nv'^ ){i-

on it a new Name ; which he did : And, if lie Iwd .IttKl
it aUi), as lie propoltrd, it lud certainly aiifwered the ti'i
of his Voyage etfcttualiy i for the Clinutc and Jsoii apiic!.-
to have been fucli, as leave no Room to doubt, that "

Nations, tho' it is now acknowledged for one (;l'ihe liiid'
Countries in the World. I It Ibrmed die fame I'roicct witd
refpecl to JuAn IWnandez, which is certainly uiic uf il -
wholfomcft and plealantett Irtamis in America, and Iroiii
whence, if it was imce fettled, the difcovering o( tlic Suutli-
cm Conrinent and lllands mUd with Life follow. To u
the Trurh, I tlifnk the fird Error that he coinmittnl «ai
the poltponing thele Settlements, but n.ore ifpicially tii-
lad, becaufe the Benefits that mud luve lelultcd Irom «
art apparent.

VN e have fo many Accounts "of the Beauty and Fertility
of that Illand, that, I think, it may be laid down as an u'
deniable Truth, that a Propofal for fettling it would r,ut
meet with many Difficulties, cither here, or in Hslknl In
both PI.ICCS People arc to be met with, whoj either for the
fake of getting Bread, or from the Hopes of acquiring i
Fortune, would readily confent to vifitthe moll unwhoifoms
Countries, and to remain in the word Climates. There
would not therefore certainly be wantingcnough tooffertiicm.
fclves, upoi pro[x;r Kncourageinent, to go and rclidcthtrci
and the Ex;>ence of fortifying the Ifland, and providing'
them in every nioi:£i with wliat they wanted, would require
no great Sum : Yet, whatever Nation (hail take this Step,
and be at the E: pence, will have it abfoluttly in tiici;
Power to profecute this Scheme of Difcovcry j after w!;ich,
perhaps, it may be time enough to think of failing tlie
Iftand of St. Lrxis on the other Side of tiie Cape. Ti«;
raifmg a Fort, and putting in Order the Plantation of tiit
lOand of Juan Fernandez, might employ the lirft Year,
whenever this important Defign is properly purfued -, ir.d,
if two or three fmall Veflels were left with the Inhabitants
of that liland, they might, by the Arrival of a new Squa-
dron the next Year, be able to report fomewlut as to th:
Probability of a Difcovcry from thence •, bccauli: there a::
uniloubtedly feveral Iflands, which lie at no great Diilaiic;
from thence ; and ail of them in fo good a Climate, that ro
Hardlhip need be feared in endeavouring to ilifcover them.
In confequencc of their Report, and ot the AITillance re-
ceived from the new Colony, where the Sick might be par
on fliore, and their Places lupplied by frcfli Men, a g;ejt
Part of the Soutli Continent might be dilLovered in wc
Summer : For, when the Seamen were once fccurc ci a
good Retreat., as the Illand of Juan Fernandez, well Itttl.J,
would be, they would not be uneafy, or afraid o' wanri ii;
Provifions, if they cruifed a few Weeks, more or Ids, inih:
South Seas. Befides, there would be no Occalion lor re-
ducing them to ftiort Allowance j and, while the)' hiA :n
prelcnt Plenty, and without Apprehcnlion ol future \V.r: ,
they would certainly be in fufficlent Spirits to undcrtikc a: /
thi«g their Ollkers could rcafonably exjxrrt frtmi them.

'1 he Voyages of yc/i-er/w and D<iw/;Vr,as wtllasihat*.*!!;:!
occafioncil thcfe Remarks, p'ainly fhew, that it is the Vmi
ot lb long a Run as to the Eaft Indies, which intimiii!.>
the .Sailors in thele Seis, and occalioiis fiich trtqucrt Mu-
tinies, fuch ptTjietual DilTcnfion':, as mud ncccirani) i;n
pede, and even defeat, the befl-Iaiil I'rojeft for Difeuveri.s.
Add to all this, th.it, in two or three Years time, thc.':'S
the highed Probability, that the Produce of the Iradetiu:
might be eltabliihed in thefc Southern Idands, wou!^ ru!
only defray the Kxpence of the Undertaking, hn ^^
tonfidcrable Returns j and then all Didiculti.s v.uuld h.mvr.
There would be enough llrugglirg to (Iiaie in the .Vdva-itajjo
of a Commerce fo King ncglcded ; but die Sittlrni.r.t -
Junn Fernandez wouki prevent this, ami fecurc, tor A !''^^
thirty or forty Years, the gfeateft I'.rt of the rioliiui.-'
original Proprietors.

I'hLs, orlbmethingli'Keit, was umloubte.lly Mr. R-j^'
rvetn'i Plan ; and it miiit certainly add loinc Degree dK;;'
lilt to his Scheme, that it w.is twice .ipprovnl I'y thr'''.>
i*idia Company in Holland, the Directors ol whu." *•"
a!w.iys Men of Bufmefs and of (lilfingiiiflieJ Abilii'e^, .'-
who undoubtedly would nor li.ivc Ix-ii at fo ^;rat .tf I'-

Cliap. I.

Commtddre R o g c e vv e i n.

3i5>

HKX *

this V'ojrago ccft them, if they hiul not bcr n pr-

• (vcli (atiSiK'i"

that the Defign was rational in uJl jc-
,; ,^,, ami "I'raCiiciiblc m its nature \ nor couJil they fae at
vi i'jlaft.i wirli the R-port of tJiis Voyage, which, tho*
- 1 vav liMclstul (liion the Whole, yet wjb fo in Part, anil
i";; .iv'n liiih iirw Lights, as render it fufiicicntly cviiltnt,
rauiJit w.iiiis nothing but ftrfeverancc to perfect all that
V IS p otolal. Hnw it 'f" o"'» N^*.' ''''* '^'■'"S'l ^•"' iiban-
.limii, nuiwitialaiiciing tlicfe Probabilities in its Favour, I
cannot p.'ctiiiJ to lay i but whoever rcflpdb on the Ailvjn-
tK;<,tlutare now derived from our Plantations, on the
Miculti'S that attended planting them, on tlie many Mif-
ii,iii".s in pKinting them, and the plaulible Difcourfes
null^agiinll planting them at all ; 1 fay, whoever reflects
niturally upon this, will readily corilels, that no tonclufivc
Vimicnt lan be drawn from the LuUb iy<fi India Coni-
ra:!)'s ncalift^ng this Defign. It may, perhaps, be the
Rcfult (jl a 'I'imiility in the Dircdlors, who arc afraid to
Liinch out Money on a Projeft that has once mifcarricd »
•or It is not in all Countries tliat Dircftors dcfpifc the
Ojinion of ilicir Conflituents, or of the World, and fol-
Cs tiieir own, and their own Intercft too lometinns, at
c:hj I'joplcs Expence. But I rather think the En/l India
Company have found Ways and Means to engage them to
(lefift from what to them appeared fo dangerous to their
Commerce. I mention this purely as a Conjciflure, of
which I neither have, or pretend to have, the fmalleft
Proofs. But when we confider, that, in faft, this is a Pro-
itift for bringing the Commodities of the Indies into Europe
h)' i new Route, we need not wonder, that every Eajl India
Company is alarmed at it j becaufe, for the very fame Realbns
that tlie yenttiam were beat out ot the Eaji India Trade,
by ihc Difcovery of a Paflage round the Cape of Good
Hipi, the prefent Companies muft lofc their Iraile, if a
better and raon; commodious PalFage can be found. It
was the Senfc of this, that ftirred up all the Endeavours
that have been made todifcover a Paflitge by the North-eaft,
anJ by the North-weft i and therefore, if it fliould once ap-
y-is, that the Fafiagc already found by the South- well will
CO as well, and that as great Returns may be made in filtCLn,
or at lead in eighteen Months, as in three Years by the
ether, it imift certainly fall into Difufe.

1 know it may be objeflcd, that the I Tarddiips that h.ive
been litcly fuftained in pafTing Cape Horn, arc fulficicnt to
ariwcr all 1 haw; faid ; but 1 think, on the contraiy, that
1 have much more Reafon to aikrt, that what I have faid
ought to (iettroy the Notion of thefe Hardfhips. I am
vcp, far from denying the Matter of Fadl -, but if People
watawrong Scafon of the Year, cmbaraffed with Things
that arc not ncccfliiry, and ileflitutc of thofc that are, tluy
may well enough fall into fuch Diltrclfe?, and yet other
I'cojilctakc the fame Route without feelir.p; ihcm. Let
a.-y Man read Frtzier'i V'oyage, anil I think he will bt'
lati^tinl, that it is very pofTiblc to get into the South Sias
withoiit being dcrtroyetl by the Scurvy •, for I don't reintm-
btr, that he makes any great CoftipLiints about the Matter.
Biit, to put tlie Thuig out ot Dilpute, let us but recol-
Itct, tlut Jajues U Muire palfcd ihioiigh the South Seas
in;o the tMJl JnJtes, witliout fo much as lofing a Man -, and
wi muft be convmccil, that the fanv.: is pr.icticable now.
I neiitvc tiv.re are few Wiyagts, in wiiich the Sailors met
* '.h mon- 1 lardfiiij)-;, than m that of which wc arc fjKak-
I'j: Butlruinwhciirf did tlicy proceed ? Why, cur Autlior
hiivirylairly an^l licncllly toldiu, from the private \'icws
'' tlie priftcnal Ollkcrs, wlio vvire in an Hurry to get to
U Lsji liiiiia ; fori,i!Krv/ifc tluy might have met \\ith
KefrrfliiiiCMt tr.oui'li ; ,''ot!ut it was ni)t the l'n)l'ecution of
t!ie Uifcovcry that l)iO;i':;lu upon tluin Inch Hanldiips,
Wit was their own ill C.,i,Ju:t that a.feated the Ditco-
^'•ly, ana brought lh[' rtdit on the Voyage. But if Mr.
''■m\-1'!"i\ I'iaii w.;-, to I).- execute<l in lis tiiil I'.xtent, that
I'toljy, it the Ship employed for making this Pilioveiy
ia.d at [he proper ;-c-.ikjii ol the Year, which appears to

h.- a!'

''••ali.)utthcl3emnin!ryf JV„;

ilreflied at the Ca; c

« ' 'Tu I'.lantli, procecJe^l I'rom ilv ni to the ItlaiuU,!' St.
^:" '•''■lie's, and fo double Cape llorii caily in the Year,
','!>' "light reaih Jium IWminJ.z in very tid.r.iMe Con-
^•'■"li much ingre, if proper Scttlcnii-jus were imde widi

a ^'icw to tills Di.covcry ; in which C.ife, I make no doubt
but, in twenty Years, all the Ditttculricsof this Navigation
would be as much forgot, as thofe of the Cape ot Good
Hope are already.

I mull confdii, that I h.lvc taken a great deal of Pains
upon this Subjtdt, from anearuell Dtlire, tlut this Scheme
ot difcovcring thtfe Southern Itidiej, might appear in its
true Light co the Brinjh Nation, and in order to Ihcw how
poflible it is for us to reap the Uenefit, not of the Difco-
vcrits only, but of the Errors and Ovcrfights of oth:r Peo-
p.le. We arc daily complaining, tliough I hope without
Reafon, of the Decay of Trade : We are daily repining at
the Rcftrictions on our Trade, for which, without doubt, ■
there is more Reafon ; fince it is vifible, that the Commerce
between our own lOand, and that of Barbadocs\ employi
five times the Number of Ships that are in the Service of
all our cxclufive Companies put together : But Complaints
arc cRemmate Tilings \ we ought to behave like Men, and
endeavour to find Remedies, if we really dunk ourfelvcs ag- '
mrieved. If, as many People fay, moft Trades are over-
liocked ; or if, as moft People fay, the moft beneficial
Branches of Trade arc cramped by the before-mentioned
Rcftriftions i it is undoubtedly our Bufincfs to find out new
Trades, if it be poflible \ or, at Icaft, it is worth our while
to make fome Attempt, where, as in the prclent Cafe,
there is a probable Profpeft of Succcfs. For diis Purpofe,
there never was a Scafon more convenient than the prefent ;
the War has deftroyed fome Branches of our Trade, ind
fufpends many others : Yet the War affords us fairer Op-
portunities for undertaking any Expeditions like this, than
we could liave in a Time of profound Peace.

We luvc now no Reafon to be complaifant to the Spa-
niards, jpr to be afraid ol the Refcnfment of our Neigh-
bours, 111 cafe we fliould take Poficflloii of Juan I'er/ianJez,
and fettle it : In fliort, we have nothing to fear, Lutall
Things to hope, all Things to cxpeft, if wc are not want-
ing to ourfelvcs, and more inclined to complain of wh.it we
have not, than induftrious to acquire what wc might have
widi very little Trouble. There may, indeed, be objedled
to all this, that the Diliroveries huherto made conlilt but
of fmalllflands, or of Continents not thoroughly examined:
Yet this Objeelion proves nothii g, if it be certain, that
fuch of thcie Iflands as have been tX4mined are well in-
habited ; and that the Continents not examined are l(j fitu-
atcd, as to jullify the Obftrvat'ons m.ide by our Author in
this Voyage ; becaufe, in this Cafe, the Objection amounts
to no more than this, tlut it is in vain to attcmjJt to dilco-
vcr Countiies, where there is no Certainty of gaining great
Advantages : And what is tiiis but faying, in ;nSer Words,
th.it wc ought not to attempt Difeovcru s at all '

If the World had been always of that Min;l, both the
Enji and the //''>/ liiJii's had Itdl remainei! iindilcovcred.
What Prcjudire would have rtliilttd Irom tlience to Eh-
rspr, may appear from the Confulcration of the ditierent
Circunillaiices of Thinj^s fincc the Dilcovery of rlnile
Ccui-.tiits, which have undoubtedly occalioncd not only
a mighty Increale of Shipping amongft the Nations pof-
fefled ot Plantations in thole P.'.rts, but alfo of domellx
Indulliy ; and whatever iiicreafcs the. Manufa.iures of a
Country, increafes tlie Wealih of its Inhabitant? ; or, take-
it in another lj[!;!)t, and it plainly incrcalts tl.tir Happi-
ncfs, by enabling them to purchafe, by their Labour, tiic
Neccfl'aries and the Conveniencics of Life, which other-
wife (that is, without Trade) their Labour would not pro-
cure. To be more cffeftually convinced of this, we u'-ay
compare the prefent State of thole Coumrics tiiat aiflually
carry on a large Commerce in thole Parts of the World,
and the Countries which have no llicli Commeice. l-or
Inllance, What is the Rcxlbn, tlvt C'r.-.7/ Z>V/;.f.v; .and Hi!-
liind mal^e fo much a greater Figure in Europe, ami char
their SubicCls arc fo much richer, than tholi: oi Sj;c.ic's or
Denmark? Does it not plainly rcliilt from the grcftt Com-
merce of the former, comi\iud wih that of the latter!' h
nut this the Oiiinion of the ahlell Judge; i" And ii it not
confeircd by the Sii'ds and, Diims tlicmtilves, who arc
now making gre.it Elforts in order to obtain a Share in
the Commerce of the /:,;// In.liss, and have actually made
fume Progrefs in tlieu: Dcii jn ^ i.ct ui confider, thereto^',

. th.;

320

7/;^ V O Y A G E S 0/

Book I.

1 .

jl ^M,

'* ' til

that, if other Nations proceed, and we ftand ftill, they will
certainly overtake us •, and, before they do this, ou, Trade
muft neceflarily decay, and fall off.

To prevent this, the fat'eft, plaineft, and moft fpeeuy
Methoa is, to endeavour to make new Difcoverics, that is,
ineffeft, to endeavour finding out new Markets. It there be
fb large a Traft of Country, as our Author fuppofcs, and fo
many Iflands undifcovereii, in the South, they muft be
worth the difcovering, for thele Reafons : Ifanyofthefc
Countries arc abfolutcly uninhabited, we are at leaft fure
that they lie in fuch a Chniate as gives us Hopes of their

E reducing the hchcft Commodities, or a Certainty of our
ting able to produce them, by raifuig new Colonics and
Plantations. We Ihall very foon be latisfied of this, if
we itfleft on the Advantages derived from the fettling the
finail Ifland of Barbados : And, if the Profits arifing from
Sugar are fo large, wliat might be expefted, or, rather,
what might we not expcft, trom a Country of the fame
Extent, which v.ould produce Cloves, Nutmegs, or Cin-
namon f It is true, that formerly the Power of the Dutch
might have been apprehended, who have ftiewn a very
IhiSbom Refolution of keeping thifc rich Commodities
intirely to themfches : But at prcfrnt there can be no
fuch Fear, becaufe our maritime Power is fufficient to pro-
teft any jull Fretenfion j and, on the other hand, we ought
not to fuipeft, that our Governors would have fuch a Com-
plaifancc for any foreign Intereft, as to facrificc to it our
own. On the other hand, if thefe Southern Countries arc
inhabited by Savages, there is a great Probability of our
obtaining the moft valuable Commodities, cither in Ex-
change for the Neceffarics of Life, or for thofe Trifles,
which wt know, by Experience, fuch Savages naturally
admire. •

But it may be, and indeed is, far more probable, that
there are civilized Nations in many, or at leaft in fome,
of thefe Countries ; and with them, no doubt, we may
carry on a very advantageous Trade: For the Commodities
of one Part of the Workl are always confidercd as Ra-
rities in another Parti and, as Raridet, they will natu-
rally fetch an high Price : So that if wc can but once cfta-

blilh a Trade, and a Trade at To great a Diftance, itmuft
turn much to our Benefit.

Upon the Whole, therefore, the only Point that remainj
to be fetded, is, the producing fuch fijrther Evitlence as mi»
beget a clear and full Perfuafion, that there really i$ ,
vail Traft of Country, though hitherto but imperfcftl.
difcovered, in the South. In order to do this, and to
confirm what the Author of this Voyage has alTerted upon
that Head, I cannot think of a better Method, than adiiw
two Voyages, by way of Appendix to this j the rather
becauli: they will contribute, both to explain what ht
has laid down only in (hort and general Terms, and jjfo
complete what we have to deliver with regard to the im-
mediate Subjeft of this Book ■, viz, the Prognfs that tti
been made in the Cinnmmtvigalien of ibe Glebe : Befidcs,
both thefe Voyages are not only curious in themfclvci, but
have this farther to recommend them ; that the former
never was publilbed in our Language before, and the
latter fo imperloftly, that this new and fiill Trandation
which we cive our Readers, becomes fo much the more
valuable. It u a Thing that hat been often, and indeed
juftly, complained of, that in the largeft Collcftions of
Voyages, in our Language, there has been little more
tlian perpetual Re^xtiticns, while abundance of important
Pieces, publilhed in other Countries, have been ncglcfled,
either through want of Cai-c, or want of Infoimation. But
we may lafely aflcrt, that nothing of this fort can hitherto
be imputed to us, fincc we have faithfully cxautd the
Plan wc laid down, and have given our Readers not Ihort
imperfeft Abridgments, or loofc and unconneftcd Rela.
tions, but a regular Series of all the Voyages that have hi-
therto been made round the Worlil, with the Addition of
fuch fcarce and curious Accounts, as was re()uirite to render
the Difcoverics mentioned in them as perfeft as it was pel'
fibic : And the fame Spirit, the fame Diligence, (hall, widi
the BIcfllngofGod, appear as fully in the remaining I'an
of the Work. It is indeed a kind of Refpeft which is due
to the World, a thing every w. • incumbent upon us, con-
fidcring the kind Treatment we have received, and the
Encouragement afforded us, by the Public.

%'"

I* iA

SECTION XXI.

Tie yoyage and Shlpv;reck of Captain Francis P f. l s a r t, in the Batavia, on the Coajl

of New Holland, anJ his fucceeding Adventures.

[ From the Collections of M. thevenot. ]

1. A Jkorl Account of the Defign of this Voyage. 2. Captain Pclfart, in lie Batavia, Ji.ipwreck'd en tit
Coajl of New Holland. 3. Obliged to leave bis People on three dejcrt IjUinds, in order to go in Sfiint 0/
Heater . 4. Ai^tount of the Coajl, and its Inbabitants. f . He is obliged to proceed to Uaiavia, in orjir
to obtain Succours. 6, Tbe Dijficulties and Dangers he met with in his PaJ/age. 7. The Supercargo, in
bis Ab/ence, forms a Con/piracy, and murders a great Part of the Crew. 8. The Supercargo is delentd,
and made Prtfoner. 9. Captain VcUATt returns from BdVjLv'u, and defeats the Mutineers. 10. Isohlit^/i,
for his own Safety, to execute them all ; and returns aJterwarJs, with his Sbip'i Company, to Mxus'ti.
II. Remarks upon the Voyage.

IT has appearetl very ftrange to fome very able
Judges ol Voyages, that the Dutch fhould make
fo great Account of the Southern Countries, as to
caufe the Map of them to be laid down in the Pavement
of the Stadt-houfe dxAmfierdam, and yet publilh no De-
fcriptions of them. This Myftery was a good deal
heightened by one of the Ships, that firit touched on Car-
penter' ; Land, bringing home a confiderablc Quantity of
Gold, Spices, and other rich Goods : In order to clear up
which, it was laid, that thefe were not the Produd of the
Country, but were filhcd out of the Wreck of a large
Ship that had been loft upon the Coaft : But this Story did
not fatisfy the Inquifitive, becaufe not attended with the
Circumftances neceflary to eftablilh its Credit; and, there-
fore, they fuggefted, that, inllead of taking away thcOb-
fcunty, by relating the Truth, this Tale was invented, in
order to hide it more effeftually. This Sufpition gained
Ground the more, when it was known that the Dutch £^

InSa Company from Batavia had made fome Atten-p;?
to conquer a Part of the Southern Continent, and hail \vn
repulfcd with Lofs -, of which, however, we luvc d
diuinft or perfed Relation, anti all that hitherto lus Ken
collefted ii\ reference to this Subjcd, may \x ntluccd w
two Voyages \ the firft of which is to be the Subjed of
this, and the other of the fuccceding Seftion. All ihn
we know concerning the following Piece, is, that it wu
colledcd from the Dutch Journal of the Voyage. An!.
having faid thus much by way of Intrtxluftion, wc now
proceed to the Tranflation of this (hort 1 liftory.

2. The Directors of the Eaft W/a Company, animated
by the Return of five Ships, under Cieneral Carpenter, nchlf
laden, caufed, the very fame Year, i6i8. eleven VelTcIs to
be equipped for the time Voyage : Amongft which, there w>
one Ship called the Batavia, commandol by Capt. /^«mJ
Pelfart. They failed out of the Texel on the i'ith ot
Oilober 1628 i and, as it would be tedious and tnmW •
9 loirt

chap. I

Captain Francis Pelsart.

321

, „, u, the ReiJer to fet down a long Account of Things

,U\^ well known, I M\ fay nothing of the Occurrences
EtaS in their Paflige to the ^pc of Good H^,
L^ conttnt myfclf with obfervmg, that, on the 4th oijune
lit* following Year 1629, this Veflcl, the Batmia, being
fcnrucd from the Fleet in a Storm, was driven on the
ihnlkti or Sholei, which lie in the Latitude oJ 28' South,
Ind which have been fincc called by the Dutch the AbroUoiS
ff frtitrit Htitimaii. Capuin Pel/art, who was fick in
itA whrn ihii Accident happened, perceiving that his Ship
hid ftrifk, nn immediately upon Deck. It was Night
indetdi but the Weather was fair, and the Moon ftionc
wry bf iglit » the Sails were up ; the Courfc they (leered
wjiNorth-eift by North j ancf the Sea appeared, as far as
thty could behold it, coveted with a white Froth. The
Ctpcain called up the Mailer, and charged hint with the
lioftoif the Ship j who excufcd himfclf bv laying, he had
nken ill the Care he couM \ and that, havuig difcemed
this Froth at a Diftance, he a(kcd the Steerfinan, What he
thought uf it \ who told him, '1 hat the Sea appeared white,
hy iti refleftinR the Kays of the Moon. The Captain then
liked him, NVnat was to be done i and in what Part of the
World he dwi^t they were. The Maftcr replied. That
God only knew that \ and that the Ship was fait on a Bank
hithitto undifcovcrcd. Upon this, they began to throw the
Lead, and found, that tncy had about torty-eight Feet
Wiicr bctort, and much lefs behind, the Veflcl. The Crew
imrMdiatcly agreed to throw their Cannon overboard, in
hopes, that, when the Ship was lightened, (he might be
bought to Hoat again. They let falTan Anchor, however i
inJ, wjiile they were thus employed, a mod dreadful Storm
iiofeot' Wind and Rain \ which foon convinced them of the
Dinger ary were in i for, being furrounded with Rocks
jiid Shol^ the Ship was perpetually (Iriking.

They then rcfolved to cut away the Main-mad ; which
they did: And this ausmented the Shock -, neither could they
get clear of it, tho' they cut it clofe by the Board, bccaule
It wo much intangled with the Rigging. They could fee
no Lmd, except an Ifland, which was about the Didance
ol three Leagues, and two Ihuller Iflands, or rather Rocks,
which lay nearer, They imn\ediaa'ly fent the Mailer to exa-
mine themt who returned about nine in the Morning, a."..l
ri'ported\ that the Sea, at High-water, did nut coxcr
them I but that the Coall was fo rucky, and lull of Slioics,
1)41 It woukl be Very difficult to laiui upon them. They
ttl'ulved, liowivcr, to run the Rife^ue, and to lend moil
01 their Company un Ihorc, to pacify the Women, Chil-
dren, fick People, and fuch as were out of their Wits with
Fear, whole Cries and Noife fcrved only to dillurb them.
About ten o'Clock, they embarqued theic in their Shallop
ttdSkiflfi iind, prrcciving their VelTel began to break,
they doubled their Dilijrencc. They likcwiic endcavoural
• 'Kitlieir Bread up i but they did not take the fame Care
of the Water, not reflcfting in their Fright, that they might
M much diftrefled for want of it on (hore •, and what hin-
•t'cd thttn mod of all was, the bruul Behaviour of fomc of
'w Crew, that made themfelves drunk with the Wine, of
wiiifh no Care was uken. In Ihort, fuch was their Con-
I'J on, that they made but three Trips that Day, carrying
wr '0 the Ifland 180 Perfons, twenty Barrels of Bread,
*"'' l|me ftjiail Calks of Water. The Mafter returned on
f^d lowaidi Evening, and told the Captain, that it was
|o no purooft to fend more Provifions on Ihore, fmce the

"tk (inly walled diofe they had alreaily. Upon this, the
Wm went m the Shallop to put things in better Order -,
>w W4S then informed, that there wa no Water to be found
up the Wand. He endeavoured to return to the Ship, in
!n L"* •"? '*''" * ^"PP'y» together with the moll valu-
«* 1 «t ol their Cargo j but a Storm fuddenly arifing, he
*isiurrtil to return.

J' I lie next Day was fpcnt in removing their Water,
»^ nioft valuable Gootis on Ihorc -, and afterwards, the

ipwi" in the Skiir, ami the Mailer in die Shallop, cndca-

UK .u" "^"^ *° ''"= V'"«' » but found the Sea run fo
"y. that It wa impoflible to get on board. In thU Ex-
f. m!: L ^'*1«"«" threw himfelf out of the Ship, and
„,? ^'*'"V'" ""^" »«> info"" them to what Haitllhipi
S LkV*!' ^«'^' *"« f«l"<*d i wd they fent him
^ *ith Onlf n tor them to make Rafts, by tying the

Planks together, and endeavour, on thefc, to reach tlic ShUl-
lop and Skiff j but, before this could be dona, the Weather
became fa roueh, that the Captain was obliged to return,
leaving, with the utmoft Grief, his Lieptqiant, and ^Venty
Men, on the very Point of perifliing on board the Veflcl.
Thofe who were got on the litdc Ifland were not in mu^
better Condition i for, upon uking aft Account of thcit
Water, they found they had not above forty Gallons for
forty People j and on the larger Ifland, where ther« w«io
120, their Stock was iliU lefs. Thofe who weie on t^e
little Ifland began to murmur, and to complain of their Of-
ficers, becaufc they did not go in Search of Water in ^he
Iflands that were within Sight uf them » and they rcprefe;nted
the Neceflity of this to Captain Pel/art j who agreed t^ thdc
Reoucft i but infidud, betore he wont, to communicate hi|
Defign to the reft of his Pc jple. They confented to this %
but not till the Capuin had dechutd, that, without the don*
lent of the Company on the large Ifland, he would, rather
than leave them, go and pcriflj on booxd the Ship. When
they were got pretty near the fiiorc, he, who conmanded
the Boat, told the Captain, that, tf he had any thing to
fay, he muft cry out to the People » for that they would
not fufier him to go out of the Boat. The Captain imme-
diately attempted to throw himfelf overboard, in order to
fwim to the Ifland. Thofc who were in the Boat prevented
him i and all that he could obtain of them was, to throw on
ftiore his Table-book, in which he wrote a Line or two to
inform them, that be vias gone in the Staff to Itokfor fVa-
ttr in the adjacent ^nds.

He accordingly coafted them all with the gteatcft Care,
and found, in moft of them, confiderable Quantities of
Water in the Holes of the Rocks i but fo mixed with the
Sea-water, that it was unfit for Ufc ; and therefore t-hcy
were obliged to go farther. The firft thing they did was,
to make a Deck to their Boat, becaufc they found it waa
impradlicable to navigate thofe Seas in an open Veflcl.
Some of the Crew joined them by that time the Work was
tiniOied \ and the Captain having obtained a Paper, figncd
1-y all his Men, importing, that it was their Deflre, that he
ihould go in Searcli of Water, he immediately put to Sea,
liaving tirft uken an Obfervation, by wWch he found they
were in the Latitude of 28" 13' South. They had not
been long at Sea, before they had Sight of the Continent,
which appeared to them to lie about fixteen Miles North
by Weft from the Place where they had fufTcrcd Shipwreck.
They found about twenty-five or thirty Fathom Water ;
and, as Night drew on, they kept out to Scai and, after
Midnight, flood in for the Land, that they might be near
theCoail in the Morning. On the 9th {oi JuHe) they
found themfelves, as they reckoned, about three Miles from
the Shore \ on which they plied all that Day, failing fomc-
times North, fometimes Weft, the Country appearing low,
naked, and the Coall excetTively rocky ; fo that they
thought it refembled the Country near Dover. At laft they
law a little Creek, into which they were willing to put, be-
caufc it appeared to have a fandy Bottom ■, but, when they
attempted to enter it, the Sea ran fo high, that they were
forced to dcfift.

On the loth, they remained on the fame Coaft, plying
to-and-again, as they had done the Day before \ but the
Weather growing worfe and worfe, they were obliged to
abandon their Shallop, and even to throw a Part of their
Bread overboard, becaufc it hindered them from clearing
themfelves of the Water, which their Veflel began to make
very fail. That Night it rained moft terribly, which, tho'
it gave them much Trouble, atTorded them Hopes, that it
woukl prove a great Relief to the People they liad left be-
hind them on the Illands. The Wind began to fink on the
nth; and, as it blew from the Weft South- weft, they
continued their Courfc to the North, the Sea running ftill
fo high, that it was impfliblc to approach the Shore. On
the lath, they had an Obfervation, by which they found
themfelves in the Latitude of 27°. They failed with a
South-call Wind all that Day along the Coaft, which they
found lb ftcep, that there was no getting on fliore \ in-
aimuch as there was no Creek, or low Land, without the
Rocks, as is commonly obferved on Sea-coafts ; which gave
them the more Pain, becaufc within-land the Country ap-
peared extremely fruidul and plcafant. They found them-
4 N fclves,

;i!'i'

322

5^^ V O Y A G E S of

Book 1,

:*»•• ■;

^efrf5, on tlie t jth,' in the Lutitudc of 25^0' » W ^''"^'^
they difcovered, that die Current fat to the North. They
were, « this time, ovcfr-againft an Opening \ the Coaft
lying to the North cal^, they continued a North Courfc,
but fciiii'd the Coaft one continued Rock of a red Colour,
all of an Height, agamft which the Waves broke wiUi fuch
Force," fhit it was impoflfiblc for them to land.

4. The Wind blew very frefh in the Morning on the
t4th ; but, towards Noon; it fell calm ; they were then in the
Height of 24°, with a fmall Gale at B,aft •, but the Tide ftill
carried them farther North than they defired, becaufe tlieir
Defign was to make a Dcfccnt as foon as polTible •, and with
this View they failed flowly along the Coaft, till, perceiving
a great deaJ of Smoke at a Diftancc, they rowed towards
it OS M as they were abl^, in hopes of finiling Men, and
Water of courfc : However, when they came near the
Shore, they found it folteen, fo fiill of Rocks, and the
Sea beating over them with fuch Fury, that it was iinpolTi-
bleto land: Six of the Men, however, trufting to their Skill
in Swimming, threw themfelvcs into the Sea, and rcfolved
to get on Ihore at any Rate ; which, with great Difficulty
and Danger, they at ^aft cfTcacd, the Boat remaining at
Anchor in 25 Fathom Water. The Men on (hore fpent
the whole Day in looking for Water ; and, while they were
thus empbycd, they (aw four Men, who came up very
near -, but one of the Dutch Sailors advancing towards them,
they immediately ran away as faft as they were able, fo that
they were diflinclly feen by thofc in the Boat. Thefe Peo-
ple were black Savages, quite naked, not having fo much
as any Covering about their Middle. The Sailors, finding
no Hopes of Water on all the Coaft, fwam on board again,
much hurt and wounded by their being beat by the Waves
upon the Rocks ; and, as foon as they were on board, they
weighed Anchor, and continued their Courfe along the
Shore, in hopes of finding Ibmc better I.anding-p'ace.

On the 1 5th, in the Morning, they difcovered a Cape,
from the Point of which there ran a Uidge of Kocks a
Mile into the Sea, and behind it another Ridge of Rocks :
They ventured between them, as the Sea was pretty calm -,
bwt, finding there was no PafTage, they foon retutnei!.
AboucNoon, they (aw another Opening -, and the Sea Ik-
ing ftill fmooth, they entered it, though the I'aifagc w.'iS
very dangerous, inalmuch as thty had but two Icet Watr r,
and the Bottom full of Stones ; the Coalt apjKaring a tiat
Sand for about a Mile. As foon as tiny got on Ihoie, the y
fell to digging in the Sand -, but the W.iter that c:une into
their Wells was lb Ir-ickilh, that they could not drink it,
though titcy were on the ver>- Point 01 choaking tor Thirft :
At lali, in the Hollows ot the Rocks, they met witii con-
fidcrabh: Quantities of Rain-water, whirh was a great Re-
lief to them, fincc they hid been lor Ibme Days at no bet-
ter Allowance than a Pint apiece 1 they loon furniftied
thcmlelvcs in the Night with about eighty Gallons, jx-r-
ceiving, in the Place where they landed, that the Savages
had been there lately, by a l.irge Heap of Alhes, and thj
Remains of fnme Cray-filh.

had fclrce as niurli Water as would fcrve thnn in thrir
PaJTageback, they came to a fettled Relblutiorul ina.:r-
the bcrt of their Way to Batavia, in order to aimaititii,'
Govemor-Cieneral with their Misfortunes, an>l tocbtan
fuch Affiftante, as w.is niceflary to get their People off tC
Coaft.

0. On the i-th, thrycontinued their Courfe to tiieNonh-
eaft, with a gDlnl Wind, and fair Weather \ the iStiianj
19th it blew hard, and they had much Rain i on tli.- :ot::
they found thcnililves in 19* 22'i on the 22d, tluy had ;,n'.
other Obfervation, and found themfelvcs in the Height (f
16° lo'i which furprifed them very minh, and \v,i'. a plain
Proof, that the Current carricil them Northwards at agrct
Rate i on the 27th, it rained very hani, fo that they wcrt
not able to take an Obfervation i but towards Noon they
liiw, to their great Sat'isfadhon, the Coafts of Jn% in the
Latitude of 8% at the Diftance of about 4 or 5 Mile?.
They altered their Courfe to Weft North- weft •, and, towards
Evening, entered the Gulph of an Ifland, very full ot
Trees, where they anchored in eight Fathom Water, and
there paiTed the Night ; on the 28th, in the Mornirg,
they weighed, and rowed with all their Force, in ordiTio
make the Land, that they might fearch for VN'attr, being
now again at the Point ol perilning for Thirft. N'ery lup
pily for them, they were no fooneron ftiore, than they dif-
covered a fine Rivulet, at a fmall Diftance •, wlure, iiavinf
comfortably quenched their Thirft, and filled all tiicirCafts
with Water, they, about Noon, continued their Courfctbr
Batavia.

On the 2 nth, about Midnight, m the fecond Watch,
they difcovered an Wand, which they left on thrir Str-
board ; about Noon, they found thrmfelves in the 1 leigf.:
of 6° 48 -, alxjut three in the Afternoon, thiy f^-lfed be-
tween two Wands ; the Wcftcrmoft of which ajipeared tii''
of Cocoa-trees. In the Evening, they were alxjut a M
Irom the South Point of Java ; and, in the fccoiiti Ware!:,
cxaflly bttwetn Java and the We of PrittcC'. The ;;;i.,
in tlic Morning, they found themfelvcs on theCiutloft:;-
laft- mentioned Wand, not being able to mak ■ above ro
Miles that Day. On July i . the Weather was eaiin; iv,
.ibout Nof)n, they were three Leagues Iroin Dtfje'!-:-' L-.-
'vegk, i. e. TL'.iunt tbcvay IJInii.i \ but, rcw.iri!^ f!;e Kvrn-
inj;, th»y h.id a pretty brifk Wind at North-W' 1, »h:t!i
m.ibletl rhcm to gain that C<;aft. On the ivl, in t!v.- Mcrr-
ini;, tluy were iM'Jit againft the liland ol 'T.pcnhcn:'.',,
and were obliged to lay at Anchor till elev^-n o'clock,
waiting f(jr th.- Sea breeze, which, however, birw fo tai".t:y,
that they were not able to make aliove two Miles tlia" Ibjf 1
about Sun-fet, they perceived a Vellel ht'twien th.ni r.J
'/Iwarl-the-Kay IJlanJ ; upon which they re folved to an-
chor as near tlK- Shore as they coukl that Nig!it', ar.dth.rt
wait the .Arrival of the Ship. In the Morning, tluy "'"■
(in boani h;T, m hopes of procuring Arms tor their D'--
tence, in cafe the Inhabitants of Jitva were at War win
the Dutih. Tiny found two other Ships in Company, en
lx)ard one of which was Mr. R,imhir^, Counftllor ot if<

c. On the 6th, in tiie Morning, they returned on (hore, InJiiS ; Captam Pt:'/,vt went immediately on lx)ar

in hoLxs of gating more Water, but were difappintcd -,
and, having now Time to obferve the Country, it gave
them no great Hope-; of better Sviccefs, even if they had
travelled fartlur within Lan !, which appeared a thirl^y
farrcn Plain, covered with Ant-liiils, fo high, that they
looked, afar o'T, like the lints of Negroes; and, at
riie fame rime, they were fo p!,i;;iied with Flies, and thofe
in fixh Multitikli-5, tl.at they were fcarre able to dtt'end
tiienifirlvcs. Tluy faw .it a Diftancc eight Savages, witii
each a Staff in his Hand, wlw advanced towards tlieiii
within Mulket fliot ; but as Uym as they perceived the
DuuL Sailors moving towards them, they tied as laft .s
they were able. It was, by this time, about Noon ; and,
perceiving no Appc.irance either of getting Water, ore-,
tcring into any Correlpondence with the Native:, they re-
folved to go on board, and continue their Courfe towards
the North, in hops as tliey were already in tlie latitude
of 2 2" 17, they might Ix- aijle to find tl'.,- River of /d«^
Renimefcens: But the Wind veering about to the Nortli taft,
they were not able to continue Icnger upon that CojU ■, and
th' refore, rcftefting that tlicy were now alxjve (jne hundred
Miles from ilie Place where iliey were (liipwitcked, and
6

Ship, where he acquainted him with the N.itiirc nf h;;
Mistormne, and went witli him afterwartis to llmnvri

7. We will now leave the Caitain folicitir^; .Sii>vr;
from the Governor-General, in order to return to tl'.c Cr;*,
who were k;r upon the Illand.s, among whom there Ijp-
pened fuch Tranfacftions, as in their Conditio;', the Kv^:--'
would little expect, and jierhaps will hardly cred,t. Inc.'i.r
to tlieir Ixing thoroiiglily iindirftiKn!, it is metlTuy to w
ferve, that they had (or Suj)ercargo one 'Jcnni 0» •■ .
who h.id Ixrn formerly an Apotliecary at //(/r,i«-
This Man, wh'en they were on the Coalt of /Ifric', ■•■'
plotted with the Pilot, and fome others, to run away «:":
tiie Vcfl'd, and eiiner to carry hirinto Dunkirk, orto;:'"-
Hirates in hrr on tin ir own .Account. This Sup-rrar^'
had remained tu\ Days on board the Wreck, not bci' ;; -i^f.
Ill all that tiim, to get on Oiore. Two wiio!e 'V''^^'
fpent un tiu- Main-malf, t'.catjng to and fro, t:ll atbl'. -'
the Help of one ol the Yards, he got to Lind. \Mi :| '
was once on ftiore, the Conini.uul, in tlie .Ahf.nsc ol C^.-
tain Pelfirt, ckvolvrd of ci.nk upon him-, which i.T^r^^
diatcly revived in his Mind Ins old Defign, mloimieli t''-
he rcfolved to liy Ull gt th ., Uppyrruiiiry, to r.'.ak-.--'

m:i

Ciiptatn Francis- P e l s a r t.

Ch:ip. l"-

M-dfr of .ill tliat foull bf laved out of the Wrn '; ■,

■ ' ,„„ til It it would Iv cafy t<> rururife tlu' Captnin on

■ Vmm- and drtci mining to goon the Acanlnr, fli.it
\ ',,. to'turn Pirate in the Captain's VdM. In onlrr to
rv tiii'^ "fl'B" '"'" Kxctiition, he thought it nmlV.iry

' Ln, to rid tlirnilVlvi's ot ludi ot tlu- Lirw, as w( r-'

" ', lii^f to I ome into their Schrme ; but \x\nxv Iv i rorecilcd

'()m hidliiuis in Blood, he obliged ail the Coalpirators

'l 4n .in lurtrumfnt, by which thc7 cngngeii to Itimd by

'\hf whole Ship's Company were on ftiftrc in three Idands,
.,^i,(.(l Part of them in that where QorneUf wis; which
lftimlth(rthoii",ht fit to call the Burying-pl.K c of llnuivia.
Die Mr iMkap was fen^ with anotht-r B«iy int!)

jnaiiiiff'if '""f ^' '" ^^^ *"'■ ^^^'■"^ ' ^''''^''' '''*'^''" "^'■"'y
niysScrfl), he fiiimd, and made the appuifited Signal,
CvU-in<' three Fires-, which, however, were not feen,
nnr ukcr.'noticc ot, by thofc under the Command of Cor-
Bf'w bfcaufe they were bufy in butchering their Com-
par.ii'ns, tf whom tlity ha<l murdered Ix-twcen thirty and
ti,rlv;'biit Ibmc few, however, got oil' n\M\\ aJ<afr of
I'ljiiks tied together-, and went to the Idanil where Mr.
]\'-\^jhini was, in order to acquaint him with the lireadful
'\aidcntthat had hap|<-ncd. Mr. IVryhb.tys hiiving with
iiim foriy-livc Mm, they all rcfblved to Ihnd upon their
GuJrJ, anil tn defend themfekcs to the l.tlt Man, in cafe
thrf. Villains (lioiild attack them. This, indei d, was their
Dffu'n; for they were apprehenfivc Ixith of this B<Kly,
aniiuf tlioft; who were on the third Illanil, giving Notice
to the C'.iptain, on his R'-turn, and thereby preventing
thnr Intention of running awty witl» his VelTel. But, as
thisthiril Company wxs by much the we.ikcft, they Ix-gan
with tlirm firrt, and cut theni all off, except five Women,
and fcvcn Chikiren, not in the lealV doubting, that they
Ihoulit he ,ible to do as much by IVeybbas., and liis Com-
pnv, in the mean time, having broke open the Merchants
Chf'.h, whiili had been favetl out of the Wreck, tlu-y con-
vmcd them to their own L'fe, without Ciivmony.

S. The Traitor, "Jerom Corneli!, was fo mtich elevated
with the Succefs that had hitlicrto attcntled his \'illainy,
(hat he immediately began to faiil'y all DilTicultiis were
ever; and gave a Loofc to \\n vicious Inclinations, in
tve^ refptCt, He ordered Clothes to be made ol rich
Stuffs, that had been favcd, for himfelf and his T'roop ; and,
b-irg cholirn out of them aCompany of Guards, he ordered
liifri to have fcarlct Coats, with a double I^ice of liold or
Jihir. There were two Miniilcrs 13aughters among the
Women, one of which he took for his own Miftrcfs, gave
t!ic Ikond to a Favourite of his, and onlcred that the
other three Women fhould be common to the whole
Troop. He afterwards drew up a Sit ot Regulations,
w'.xhwcretobethe Laws of his new Principality, taking
to himfelf the Stile and 'i'illc of Captain-General, and
cbiiging his Party to fign an Aft, or InUrument, by which
thry arknuwledgcd him as fuch. Thefe Points once fet-
\''^; hercfolved to carried on the War. He firlt of all
CTbarkrd on board two Shallops twenty two Men, well
ar:ne,l, with Orders to dellroy Mr. IVeybLnys^ and his Com-
1 j-y ; ami, on their mifrarrying, he undertook a like l'.x-
liOtion, with thirty-feven Men -, in whiih, however, he
bdr.oKttcr Siiatfs -, for Mr. irabhrtys,\\\t\\ his People,
tbjgh armed only with Staves, with N.iils drove into their
Heads ivlvariied even into the Water to meet them, and,
I'Kr a brisk tngagemcnt, compelled thcll- Murderers to
itt:.-c.

Ojiulis then thought fit to enter into a Negotiation,
«T.ihv,as nunagcd by the Cli.iplain, who remained with
Mr U'fjihms ; and, after feveral Comings and Goings,
irra ni-(- Party to the othc other, a T'reaty was concluded
jilKinthe fullowmj; Terms ; liz. T'hat Mr. IFrilbays, and
l'.iiU;ii|;,iny. flmuld for tl.e future remain uiulilhirbed,
^l^'^^!^ 'hty dchvered up a little Boat, in which one of
trieSai'an had made his pJlape from the Illaivt in which
w.ii WIS with his Ganjr, it, order to take Shelter on that
M rt IVnbbays was with his Company. It w.is alio agreed,
t'~t the latter (hould have a I'.irt of the StulVs and Silks
P~n them tor Clothes, of which they lU)od in great
"'•"■t. But, while this Aliaii was in Agitation, Cornells
tWthcOpiwninity ot the Correfpondciicc between them

32^3

being rcftored, to write Letters to fome rrench Soldiers that
were it! IVeyhhays'?, Company, promifing them fix thou-
fand Livres apiece, if they would comply with his De-
mands i not doubting but, by this Artiticc, he IhoulJ be
able to accompliih his End.

His letters," however, had no l.ffeft -, on the contrary,
the Soldien, to whom they were diredlcd, carried them
iinmediately to Mr. lyeybhays. Cornelis, not knowing that
this Piece of Treachery was difcovtred, went over the next
Morning, with three or four of his People, to carry to
Mr. IVeybbays the Clothes that had been promifcd him :
As foon as they liiniled, JVeybbays attacked them, killeei
two or three, and made Cornn'-^ himlllf Prifoner. Ono
IVouterlofs, who wqs the only Mail \hn made his Eltapt ,
wcr.t immediately back to the Confpirators, put hiinlelt'
at their Hi ad, and came the next Day to attack lyeylhcyi^
but met with the fame Fate as before i that is to fay, he,
and the Villains that were with him, were foundly beat.

0. Thinj^s were in this Situation, when Captain Pel-
(flrt arrived in the Sardam Frigate: He failed Up to the
Wreck -, and law, with great Joy, a Cloud oi Smoke
ali;ending Irom one of the Iflands j by which he knew, that
all his People were not dead. He came immediately to
an Anchor-, and having ordered fome Wine and Provifions
to be put inro the Skiff, rtfolved to go in Pcrfon with
thele Refrelhmcnts to one of thefe Iflands. He had hardly
quilted the Ship; before he was boarded by a Boat from
the Illand to which he was going -, there were four Men in
the Boat, of whom IVeybbc^i was one, who immediately ran
to tho Captain, told him what had happened, and begged
him to return to his Ship immediately, for that the Con-
tpirators intended to furprife her ; that they had already
murdered 125 Perlbns, and that they had attacked him,
and his Company, that very Morning, with two Shal-
lops.

While thev were talking, the two Shallops appeared j
upon which lie Captain rowed to his Ship as fall as he
could, and wa > h.irdly got on board before they arrived at
the Ship fide. '\\\t Captain was furprifed to fee Men in
red Coats, lactd with Gold and Silver, with Arms in their
Hands. Fie demanded what they meant by coming on
boaril armed. They told him he Ihoiild know, when they
were on board the Ship. The Captain replied, that they
thould come on board, but that they nnilt tirft throw their
Arms into the Sea-, which if they did not do imme-
diately, he would link them as they lay. As thty faw, that
DifpiKes were to no Purpofe, and that they were intirely in
the CajJtain's Power, they were obliged to obey. They
accordingly threw their Anns overboard, and were then
taken into the VelVel, where they were inftantly put in
Irons : One of them, wholi: Name was 'John Bremen, and
who was tiitl t xamined, owned, that he had murdered, with
his own I lands, or Imd aflilled in murdering, no lefs than
twenty li-ven IVrfons. The fame F^vening U'eybhays
brought his Priiimer Ccnielis on board, where he was put
in Irons, aiul llricily giiartied.

ID. On the it-th ot' Sep.'eiiibiT, Capt.m Peljhrt, with
the Malfer, went to take the relt ol theCoiilpirators in Cor-
tte/ii's Illand. 'i'liey went in two Boats. The Villains,
as loon as they faw tlu 111 land, loft- all their Couragi% and iled
troin them. They furrendered withdut a Blow, and were';
put ill Irons with the rell. The Cajt.iin's tiift Care was
to recover tl'.e Jewels wliieh Ccrnc'.:5 had difpcrleil among
his Accompliees : They were, however, all ot them loo;»
found, except a Gold Chain, and a lyuimond Ritig ; the:
latter was alii) toiir.el :it lall, but the torn-.er eoi:!d net be
recovered. They went next to examine the Wieci<, w hith
they toiiiul llavid into an hundred I'ieces -, the Keei Uy
uiMin a Bank of Sand on one Side ; the tore Part ol the-
\eirel tUiek fall on a Rock-, anel the relt of !;er lay Iicivj
.and there, :'s the Pieces h.id lieen driven by the \\ a\es,
fo that Captain /'(•.'/.■'•/ had very little Hopes of laving any
of the Mertliaiulile. One ot the People belonging to
/(''eykms'a Company tolel him, that one f.iir D.iy, which
w;i.s the' only one they had in a Montii, as he w.is tidiing
near the W'reek, he had llruik the Pole in his Hand
againit one of t!>e Chells of Silver ; wliieli revived the
Captain a litile, .v- it gaveliiin Reaion to expert, that fome-
tlung n itjlit llill bciaved. Hey iyiin «.'! the ij,:hin

txa.T.ininir

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3^4

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

J-

r I r

fe' j.-

11.:

1 1

examining the reft of tlu- Prifoncr*, and in confronting
tliitn with thofc who crciiHii troin tiv Maflkrc.

On the loth, they lint feverai Kinds of Refrclhmcnti
to H''rtibais'i Comjany, aiul cirricd a good Quantity ot
Water' from the Iilc : TIktc was fomcthing very fingular
in finding this Water \ the People wlio were on fliorc
tJicre, had fubfiftcd near three Weeb on Rain-water, and
what lodgetl in the Chtfs «)f the Rocks, witliout thinking,
that the Wat«-r o» two Wells, which were on the Ifland,
could be of any Ufc, bccaufc they Ciw tlieni conHantly rile
and fall with the Tide -, from whence they tanfiai, they
had a Communication with the Sea, and confequently, that
tl»e Water muft be brackilh : But, upon Tiial. they found
it to be very gooil \ and fo did the Ship's Conii>any, who
filled their Ca(k» with it.

On the 2 1 If, tlie Tide wa< fo low, and an Eaft South*
eaft Wind blew fo iunl, that, during the whole i)ay, the
Boat could not g tout. On the iid, they attempted to filh
upon the Wrctk ; but the Weather was lb bail, that even
thofe, who couki Iwim very well, durll not approach it.
On the 25th, the Mailer, ami the Pilot, tiic Weather being
fair, went off again to the Wreck -, and tl>ole who were
left on Ihorc, oblirving that they wanted Hands to get any
thing out of her, fent oft" Ibme to afllft them. The Cap-
tain went alio himfelf, to encourage the Men ; who foon
weighed one Chi ft ot' Silver, and ibmc time after another.
As foon as thefe were fafe aftiorc, ihcy returned to their
Work ; but the Weather grew fo bad, that they Were
quickly obliged to ckfift, tiio' fomc of their Divers from
Guzarat alTund them, tliat they had found fix more, which
might cafily Iv weighed. On the 26th in the Afternoon,
the Weather biing lair, and the Tide tew, the Mafter re-
turned ro the Place where the Cherts lay, and weighed three
of them, leaving an Andior, with a Gun tieil to it, and a
Buuyt to mark the Place where the fourth lay \ which, not-
withftanding their utmoft bftbrts, they were not able to
recover.

On the 27th, the South Wind blew very cold. On the
aSth, the (ame Wind blew ftronger than the Day before \
and, as there was no Poffibility ot tiftiing on the Wreck fur
the prefent, Ca{Kain Pelfart called a Council, to confider
what they (houkl do with their Prilbncrs ■. that is to fay,
whether it would be bcft to try them there upon the .Spot,
or to carry them to Baiavia, in order to their being tried
by the Company's Officcn. After manire Deliberation,
rcflcding on the Number of the Prifontn, and the Tempt-
ation tlut might arilc from the vaft Quantity of Silver on
board th; F. igate, they came at laft to a Refolution to try
and execute tlwm there ; which was acconlingiy ilonc : And
they embarqued immciliately altcrwanls for Baiavia.

If. As this Vc7age is, of itfelf, very fliort, I Ihall not
d..tain the Reader with many Remarks t but Ihail confine
myfelf to a viry few Obfervations, in order to ftiew the
Confequrnces of the Difcovery mailc by Captain Pel/art.
Th*' Country, upon which he fuffered Shipwreck, was New
Helland, the Coaft uf which hail not, till then, been :.t all
examined ■, and'it was liuubcfui how far it extcndal. There
hail, indeed, been fomc Rejwrts fpread with relation to the
Inhabitants of thw Country, which Captain Ptlfart'% Re-
lation ftiews to have been falfe •, for it liad been rcjwrteii,
tlut, when the Dutch t.aft India Company fent fomc Ships
to make I)il< ovtries, their Landing was oppofed by a Race
of gigantic People, wi h whom the Dulch could by no means
conteui!. Hut our Author lays nothing of the extraordinary
Size of the Savages, tliat were leen by Capuin Ptl/trt'i
People 1 from whence it is rcafonabie to conclude, that this
Story was circulated with no ether View, than to prevent
othi r Nations from venturing into thefe Seas. It is alio re-
maikal'le, that this is the vtry Coaft furvcyed by Captain
Dampitr, whole Accour.t agrees exa<F>ly with tlut containeil
in this Voyage. Now, iluju^h it be true, tlut, from all
thefe Accounts, th< rr is nothing laid, which is much to
the Advantage, either ol the Country, or the Inliabitants,
yet wc arc to cor.lidcr, that it is impollible to n jirefcnt
either in a worfc I.ij^ht, than tlut in which the C.ij)c of
Goodllopt was placed, l)efort tlv Duub took Poflifiion of
it, and plainly demonftrated, that Induftry could makr a
Paradifc of wlut w.is a p<rk-d Purt.Mtory, while in the
Hands of Hotitntots. It tlirKiwi; tii« Cliiiutc of this
5

Country be goal, and the Soil fruitful, both of which a
affirmed in this Relation, there could not be a prohfr'^
Place for a Colony, than fomc Part of Ncm HeUanJ Z ^
the atijaccnt Country of CarptHUht. I ftwU give my K,*^
fons for afferting this, when I come to make my RrnulL
on the fucceediiig Voyage. At prefent, I ftiall confinf nw*
felf to the Reafuns, that have induced the Dutd) ttji /, /
Comj)any to leave all tliefc Cuuniiies uufcttlcd, attcr hv
ing iuil ftiewn fo ftrong an Inclination to difcuvcr them
Which will oblige me to lay before the Reader fonie brcra
in Commerce, that have hitherto cfcajwd common CJbitt-
vation, and which, whenever they are as throughly coiJi-
dcred as they defcrve, will undoubtedly lead us to in d,, 1
Difcovcries as thofe of CaUmiut or Magellan.

In order to make myfelf ptrfeclly underftood, Imuflob-
ferve, that it was the finding out of the Moluccas, or .Spict
Illands, by the Ptrttiituft, that raifcd (hat Spirit of Dii'co-
rery, which pnxluced Cetumhs'i Voyage, whicii enJcd m
finding in ^Imtrita, tho', in fa^, Columbus intended rather
to liave reached this Country of Niv Holland. The Aflt:
tion is bold, and, at firft SiBht, m.iy appear improbable;
but a httic Attention will make it fo plain, tlut the Reader
muft be convinced of the Truth of what I fay. The Pro-
pofition made by Columbus to the State ol Gwso, tlic Kings
of PortUffal, Spain, hnglanJi and IrMtcf, was tins, that iic
could dilcover a new Route to the I'ajl Mies ; tlm is to
fay, without going round the Cape of CeoJ Hopt. He
grounded tliis PropoHtion oa the fphcrical Figure of the
Eanh, from whence he thought it lirU-cvident, that my
given Point might be failed to through the great Ocean,
either by rtcering t-ift or Weft. In his Attempt to goto
the Iu0 Indies by a Weft Coui Tj, he met with the iiWj
and Continent of America \ and, finding Gold and otL't
Comnuxiities, whKh, till then, liad ncva been hrough;
from the InJits, he really thought, that this was the Welt
Coaft of that Country, to which the Perttiguffe fiilfd Ly
the Cape of Gee J Hep* i and hence came the Name ol :ii;
If^efl Indies, Magellan, who foltewed his Steps, md wn
the only Difcovercr who reafonetl fyftematically, and knew
what he was doing, propoicd to the Emperor CharlitWia
complete what Cetumbus had begun, and to find a PafTagt
to the Moluccas by the Weft \ which, to his immortal Ho-
nour, he accompliftied.

When the Dutch made their firft Voyages to the hi
Indies, which was not many Yean before Capuin Ptljuii
Shipwreck on the Coaft of New Helland -, for their Hnt
Fleet arrived in the Eaft Indies in t^^O, and Pelfart M ki
Ship in 1629; I lay, when the Duub tirft undertook the
Eaft India I'rade, they had the Spice inaiuis in View , W,,
as they are a Nation juftly famous fur the fteady Purlaioi
whatever they take in hand, it is notorious, th.it tlicy nfr.-i
loft Sight of their Defign, till they had .icaimplilhed :i,
and made thcmfclves intirrly Mailers of thefe lilands, cl'
which they ftill continue in Pofleiriun. When this was done,
and they had effcflually drive n out the tngiijb, who wc::
likcwifc fettlal in them, th: y fixed the Seat of their Go-
vernment in the Ifland of Amicyna, which lay viry co.vc-
nient for the DilVovery of the Southern Countries 1 »h.ca
therefore they profecuted witli great Diligence, from W
Year 161';, to the Time of Captain Pel/arl'i Shipv.eu;
that is, for the Sjiaceof twenty Years.

But, after ihi-y removed the Stat of their Govcrnn-crt
from ^■hnboyna to Baiavia, they turned their Views anitfttr
Way, and never made any Voyage exprelly for DilfovJici
on that -Side, except the lingle one of Captain •/.-_.;««; tl
which wc are to Ipeak in tlie next .Section. It was l.u:^
this Pericxl ot Time that they liegan to take new Mulurc-.
and, having inatie their excellent Settlement at the Cape
of Good Hope, refolved to govern their Trade to the hi)
Indies by tliefc two capital Maxims: I. To extend nn'
Trade over all the India , and to fix thcmfclves lo tfift'.u-
ally in tlic ricluft Countries, as to keep all, or, at Icalt. •"'
beft and moll profitable Part of their Comm.ro- to th:^^-
lirlvcs. II. To m.ikc the Moluteas, and tin; Illiiidsdtp--
cnt on them, their Frontier; and to omit nothing t'^
ftiould appear necelfary to prevent Strangers, or even /)!»■'•'
Ships, not belonging to the Company, from evet navigat-
ing thofe .Seas, and conlequcntly from e-ver being acqunMnl

With the Countries, thai lie in them. Fiow well tlic)' n""'

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t/i/./f.t /n CRruentaria ,^cw- Holun'd , urtf/.
//lutii i/tMiWivr, //■'//////^. tftrun/atfi^ .j/Cl
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-A*// i'M/Ar /'i^Uia*- 4^Mu> (Ituhnf^iZ-Jiri^'f/if (''iifuffiif a Catrpentacia
u^irA $^ //tAfnatf/^ tVHinJtir*^ ut/Ziufii no ittriii//i,viaA/-h>tA^ffVi/ii(yfivAai-
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A' Mr (*rt|»c of Goo<l VLopf! itm^Jfi tyi ttantn io (■ ■ fivrui<t/r:i;Aitr*,tfr ii.%>,i/niUo/^
//fr<//w oi C«rpentari«,^re»v HfiXLiuia , tiru^^trsr Zealand; .yT»*rti ,'ifr.
ffou^i Nt//nft!i'er, i/ti/Z/A^t K<yun/4un4 n/CMJti. arr /t//r4/ /t 'lAA /^/f/t/.i/f/i/
/^t.i /irft-trn.ft Mf/tt/i \/A>nr>i ntu,A mo*y ^^r^'/)' f4>> ti*v y/tn't///4'/ tf^^J^ttni
x\\//i/\> f i'n/tHrn/ r*y)'^ (Ar /^t Pi^/if rj^m* Mttnr /h>/4/ti^ft n/n/ fA<rr^'/'r '
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Chap. I. Captain Abel J a n s e n T a s m a n.

ji,. i.mmng .s«:»i""' **'"''" *' '"*'■ *" ""'»'''■ '^•'""
ilonol thr mighty I'mpire in the HaruN,- at thu I).»y, f.l
hfir /■>J' W"* Lompiny. A« tor llir (ciond Mmww, the
ktoJfr 1.1 ^^<= •'"""' °^ '■^'w'''' l^imi>itr\, ami <.tli<r
VovWcVl'ii- '■fr^'-J'y '** ^^^* '""'* ^" ''»f'"''^'« '''■•' '»
, wlwt ilvy liivr lonftiinily at Heart, and whiili, at all
I'v (Its thfy arc df tcrmined to purliie, at le.dl, with rcn.ird
M.Mrwn<n . and. •" '" 'h»ir own Counirynicn, the I Haur
,Vyg»v.ioComiTio.l(.rf Roggeuitin, and liii I'cu^Av, \^ a
lV«t. Ih.it .JMUot It corteUcd. , . , ,.

ihflf I III'!',' H< ing 'imndcrfd, it ii very plain, that the
mb. nr riilicr the Ihuh Eaft India {.oni|)any, arc fully
„r:iu'!al, I'lit tlirv have already xi much, or nmre, Ttr-
'i;,r»mthr h:,iii IhJu.', than they ean well nun.i!',r -, and
ihiriiore they I'wirhcr do, nor cvir will, think o» (tttling
jV.'-(<«'*7. '''"■/''"•'••■""''' ''^'"•^ flolknJ, t- any of th- ad-
,.f nt llliiuls till nther tlicir 'I'rulc dctliPC. in the /■ajl
'iliti, 'ir thfy are oblif^rd to eitert dicmlclvei on thii Side,
l) nn'veit oilier Nations froin reaping the Brnclifi, tiat
nn-thtaciriii' to fhitn by their planting thofe Countnci.
Hut rhu ii not .ill 4 lor, .u the /)ir/f/> have no Thoiighfi of
i;tirn.Mliflcl-'>''rttric'' 'hemic Ivcs, they have taken all im.i-
rtiiobli. I'oins to prevent any Ut latioiii from being publilht-d,

wliM h miglif invite or cnroura^c any giHt Nattcn to m.ika
Attrmpti tlii\ Way ; and I am throuulily pirlua lul, ili.ii
till? vrry Attotmt ot Captain I'tl/nrft .Si ipwrcik w.>iilil
iitv. r liavc come into tli.' Woil I, it it lu.l not b \n tlini jlit
It uoiildaintribute tothi.i Fiul \ or, iiiothi-r \Vtml>, w<n,I I
Irrvc to (ri(<htrn other Nation, fioiii ai-pioaihim Ii) inlio-
Ipit.iWc .1 Lo.ill, t very where hi lit with U.xks alinjl'.i'tly
voiil ot Water, and lululiited hy 4 K.ue i,l .Si',.in s iiKiro
larhari.iis, and, at the lame time, nioie ii.ilaalile, dun any
i/tlitr Creatures in the WoiKI.

'1 Ins KcHeilion actouiiis for our puliliiliinp; a Viiyi;i;c,
t!ut h«milliir Ik^lnniii';, nor I'ndi a V(iy,ii;r, w!ii(li ll/ir,$
l>) j^ivt fy httli' l.i^ht, and wlmli liivei (iiily 10 pffcnt la
imr View a .So fie of Filo(xl and funrunoii, Hut tlih V( y.
~\gy\ Ihort ami imiierfKit a* it k.iiii in li.-, (In w? us liovv
I dji a Country Stuj Holland is, and Iww i onvc lunr.ly liti;-
•tc(' With refpiifl to the 'Ira !i: of the I <Ji luM-i. li.it
w!. ...vcr there niny be d.irkor (.lilluie in tins Se.lit.n, will
Ix- tolly cicarcil up in tiic ntxt, and tliij Nubji-iit lit i'l fi
lull a i'oint ot Vrw, that it will lie iinpnli.Mc to throw .ny
CI )U.fs liVi r it lor the furiirr, or to p> rliii.le th ■ WoiKl,
tlut the 1 hout^liti ol ilili...vcriiiy a SiAitlurn Avt/z.'f are vi«
lionary, or the Meaii.s net ilTiiry to k caki;i) for tlic pvillit-
inj^ that Dillovtry iiiipratUtallc.

• * . SECTION xxir.

1h Foya^c rf Captain Am, Jansfn Tr'.M\N, for iIm' Dif( ovary of Southern Cmntr'ns,

by DircEUon of the Duuh I'.. ill liuli.i Company.
.• I. • I .
•''''• [ Taken from his original Journ;il. ]

I, Tic Ouw-fion and A;A^'« nfthis Voxtige. j. Ciif<!nin T.ifin.in fnih fi-r.m Rit.ivi.i, Anpiirt r+. \()y-., V Re-
mdrk\ c;; /(e I'iiriiitlcii of the NrulL'. 4. lie iIiIujVcis it iwic I'.ouiitry^ to "^■hidi /•,• ^ii-cs the Siime of
V,m Diciiicn'.-. Land. f. Saib from thence for New Zci.unl. 6. I'iliti the Ijl.uul of the Tlucc Kin'.j5 j
<)«./ CJi'J '« Search oj other J/LitiJs tli/'awnil /ly Sk.h )vtcn. 7. ReniarkiiMc Occurreiia in tic Vouige.
(i. (j/<li'r',:titiont fi't, iind Es{'ldiuiti'.!t r.f, thi f',in,itir,ii of t/.c C'.tiif'iil's. 9. Di/iOVirs j ;/(■:.' I/l.ri.l, icliib
/■•.(.//il'yli'.i.irt Ill.imi. 10. yliiJ tuo Jj/intJs, to t>//(Z» he^^ines lie A' /,/;.• r/ AmlK'rdain .//./ Rotctiilam.
II. /bui lUi /hchipehtgo of iMenty Jiiidlt IJinids. i;, Oniirrefires in tic I'oytige. i\. lie <:rrrjes at tie
.1 . ':l/':-l<!\;» ,r,'' Aiitlunig J.iv,i. 14.. His y/rriviil on the Ccn/l cf New (niiiKV. if. Continues his l'o\a^e
<.'■.;■ thai Coii/I. 16. jirrivcs in the Nei^l.hciirl ;'>l of Biiriiint; lll.iiui, iind Jitrvevs the ichole Ci/ti/i of
.\t\ Ciiincy, 17. Comes to the IJl>inds of ].\m^ and Moa. iS. Prnjecutes his I'ey.is^e to Ccr.iin. 10. ylr-
r/:v>/(//i7v(;/ Uatavi.i, June i). 164.3. 20. Con/i'^iienies oJ Cii/'tiiin TaUumi's Dijerjcries. 21. Itnuirkt
k':/! lie 1 9\ijge,

I HE Rreat nirv.overic.s that were m.ule liy t!»c
Dutib in thele Southern Countries, were fuh-
Iniuent to the famou.s Voya^c of 'Jnquts le

A.',;;,'?, who, II. i6ifi, |)alled the Srrciglits e.illed by Ins
NjTc. In i(,| , th.it I'art of terra Jiijlralis w.is dilio-
viii ', whiih lilt Dutih call Ccnecraia. The next Ve.ir,
t.- L:ndtf l-Jdf W.IS tmind, ami received its Name Inmi
itiDiluivinr. In xUzn, Batavia vtMhuAi on the Uuins
u tiiL- ol,i L'liy ot 'f<i(.\tra •, but the .Seat of Government
wiS ni.t iiniiicdi.itely mnovrd from /Wuvit.i. In 16:2,
t:ut I'jrt 1.; iVw Hilland, svliich is callctr/.ri'/w'.t Ixmd,

Wis tiril 1

and in \b:~,, Peitr Suits dillovereil, be-

I'V. ti Siw IliitMiJ and Ar;y (Juinty, a Country, wliith
Kj s ius N.imf . 'Ihcrc were Jlo tome other \'oya;^es
niJi.^-, ol w'lii h, however, we have no fort of Account,
fx.fiit tlut the Duuli were continually beaten in all their
Att.ni|iti to |,ind upon thi', Coall. On their Settlement,
n'.wcvtr, .a h',it<reia, the thai dcncr.d ami Council of the
'"•''••' th()i!;;l,t It reijiiilite to huve a more perllt^t Survey
rtukol tilt Ii v. Uniiul Countries, tlut the Memory of them
it 1..U1 miojit b.' pielervt-l, in call- no further Attempts
»ui-^nucltto II trie them; and it was viry prob.ibly a
' ii'f.ig.n (jf tav Ships (^oing that Route any more, wliieh
■■■■^^rd luch :ls h.id then the Oirtdi m of the Company's

t e\!!^ *''''' '''*' '"""■ '"'■'' •''i""vey and Dellription
^■i.;nt be- matie by an able Seaman, who w.is wtll acquainted
vt;itiiofc Cu.ill-, ami wlio might be .iMe to adil to the
I W^overics alaady nude, .is well as lurnilh x more accurate
^i.aipt,„;i, t.v. r; of tiitm, dian h.id been Imlarto I'/hui.
•^^MB. XXIII.

This W.IS faitlifiilty performed by Capt.iin Tiifm/m ; and,
from the 1 .lights alVoitli-d by his Jourii.il, a \'(.ry ex'.et anil
ciiiiuus Ma[) was m.ide of .ill thefe new ( oiintries. But hij
Voy.njije was lu ver publillicd intirc 1 ami it is vtry probable,
that the L,'Jl India Comp.my ntver int.ndul it 111 add be
|niblilluil .It all. However, Dirk liemhaii:z, moved by
the I''x<\ II ,\y .iml .Acciiiaiy ot th;' Work, publillitil in
Imw Diilcb an Kxtniet of Cijitain Tainan'', Journil, whicli
li.is been, ever fince, confideretl as a very j^reat Curiolity \
and, as fufh, has been tianllared into m.iny I.an^^u.'.g. s,
particul.iily into our own, by the Care ot the le.irned I'ro-
Jeiruroff.Viy^/wColltpc Dr. Hook, an .Miriiljrmentt.f which
Tranfl.itioii found a I'l.ue in Dr. /Iiirri<\ Colledlion of
N'oy.iRcs. But w' have m.ide no I'll- of eitiier of thefj
I'ieces, the t^)llow!n?T b.inp a new Trand ition, made with
all the Care antl Diliyence thit is polTible.

2. On .•i\!;ufl u. 1642, I f.iiled from Balavia witli two
Veirels ; the one called the t/ccmjlirk, ami the other the
Zec-llaan. On Septeml/er 5. I aiichorevl at \hvirice I1,ii:d,
in the l.atirude of :.o^ South, and in the l.onyitude ot Sj'
•vS". I found tills Illand titty iimnr.n Milcs more to the
Mart than I cxpei'ted -, that is to lay, 3' 1 x "* Loiwinidc.
Tins Illand w.is lo called from I'rincc Matincc, btini^ bc-
tore known by the Name of Orne. It i; alioiit tifreera
I.,eagiu s in Circiimfi rence, and has a very iiiie Harbour, at
the I'.ntrancc of which there is 100 Fathom Water. The
Country is mountainous ; but the Moirn.iins are covered
with green Trees. The Tops of tlufe Mount.\ins are fo
hl-h, that t!;ey are f^fl in tin; Ciuids, and aic tKquently
4 O (.ovct.4

■'iX

:, >'!■

* !|iP

32<;

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

mm''

l! J '

covered by thick F.xli.iljtions or Smoke, tlut afcends from
them. The Air otthis Illiiid isi-xtiemcly wholfoine. It
is well turninied with l-'lcrti and Fowl i ;ind the Sea on its
Co.ifts abounds with all forts of Filli. The fineft Ebony m
the World grows here. It is a tall, iVrait Tree, of a
moi!er.ite rhickncfs, covered with a green Bark, very thick,
iimler which the Wood is as black as Pitch, and as dole as
Ivory. There art other Trees on the Ifland, which are of
a bright Red, and a third Sort as yellow as Wax. The
Ships belonging to the Eofi India Company c immonly
touch at tJiis llland for Kcl'relhmcnts, in their Paflagc to
Batavia.

I left this llland on the I".ight!i of Oilcper, and continued
my Courfe to the South, to the Latitude of 40' or 4 1 ,
havinga ilrong North-weft Wind ; and, finding the Needle
vary 2?, 24, and 25" to the 2 2ii of Onober, 1 lailcd from
th.it Time to t!\e 29th to the F.art, inclining a little to the
South, till I arrived in the latitude of 45 47' South, ami
m the Longitude of S9' 44' ; and tlien obfervcd the Va-
riation of the Needle to be 26 Degrees 45 Minutes towards
the Wert,

As our Author was extremely careful in this ParticuLir,
and obfervcd the Variation of the Needle with the utmoll
Diligence, it may not be amifs to take this Opportunity of
explaining this Point, lb tlut the Imporuncc of liis Re-
marks may fufficiently appear. The Needle jMjinis exaftly
North only in a few Places, and perhaps not conllantly in
them ; but in moll it declines a little to the t^ll, or to the
Weft, whence arifes l-'aftern and Weftern Declination :
When this was firit obfervcd, it w.b attributed to certain
Excavations (jr I follows in the Earth, to ^'eins of Lead,
Stone, and other fuch-likc Caufes. But when it was founil,
by repeated Exjx-rimcnts, that this Variation varied, it ap-
peared plainly, that none of tholie Caules could r^kc place ;
fince, if they liad, the Variation in tlie fame Place muft al-
ways have Ixen the (iimc, whereas tlie Eat't is otherwil'c.

Here at L*«ii'««, for Inftance, in the Year 15S0, the
Variation was olM'eived to be 1 1'' 17' to the VAX \ in the
Year 1666, the Variation was here ^4' to tlie Weft ; and
in the Year 1734, the Variation was fomewhat more than
1' Weft. In order to find the Variation of the Njidlc
with the k-aft Error polFiblc, the Seamen lake this Method :
Thiy obf-rve tlw Point the -SUn is in, by tlie Comiwfs, a y
time after its Riling, and then take the Altitude of the
Sun i and, in tlv; Afternoon, they oblerve when the Sun
tomes to the fame Altitude, .ind ubfcrvt the Point the Sun
is dien in by the Conipafs ; for the Middle, between thele
two, is the true North or South Point of the Compafs •, and
the Difference Ixtwien that and the North or South upon
the Card, which is jxji.'itcd out by the Nteiile, is the \'a-
riition Oi the Comp,d's, and fhews Ikiw much the North
and South, given by the Compali, dcvia:es from the true
Noith and South Points of the Horizon. It appe.irs
clearly from wlut has been laid, tint, in order to arrive at
the certain Knowkdge of the Variation, and ot the \'ari-
ation ol that \'ariation of the Comjuf^ it is abfulutely re-
tiuifitc to have, from time to time, dillinCl A'cou:its of
the Variation, as it is obfervcd in dilTcrent Plates : \N'h(.ncc
the Imjx)rtance ot Captain T,if„ians Remarks, in tliis re-
fpecl, lulhciendy appiars. li u true, that the learned and
ingenious Dr. ILdlty li.is given a very jiroliable Account of
this Matter -, but as the Probability ot that Ac. unt ariles
only from Its Agreement with Ubkrvaiioni, itfolhjws, tlioli;
are as nenlTary, and as imjxjiunt, as ever, in order to
ftrengtiv.n anii conlinn it.

■?. On the 6tli of t^cr.mbcr, 1 was in 49' 4' .Soi:th La-
titude, and in the l.t.ngitude of 1 14' 56' ; the Variation w.is
at this Time 20^ Weftw.ird ; and, as the Weather was
foggy, with harii Ciaks, and a rolling Sea, from the Soinlv-
wetl, and troiu the boiith, I concluded fiom tlunce, that
it was not at all prob.ible there lliould be any I and bctwicii
thole two I'oinf.. On Scrjcmkr 15. I w.is in the Lati-
tude of 44 => 33 .South, and in the Longitude 140' 52.
'J'he Variation was thin 18=' 30 Weft, which V,iriau;)n
decnalal every Day, in futh a manner, that, on the 21ft
Kl tilt fume Monti), Ui.ig in the Lof.gltude of i.-,S , I
oblltved the V ariation to be no more th.t'n 4 . On the 2 2d
tit iLu Miini.i, tlK Necdk was m io»:uiuul 2\i;iution,

without refting in any of the eight Points-, which led me to
conjefture, that wc were near tome Mine of Ixwlilone

'i'his may, at firll Sight, feem to contradict what U
liccn before laiil down, as to the Viu-iation, and the Cauf
of it : But, when ftridly confidercd, they will be louiid tu
agree very well •, for when itisaflcrted, that Veins otTo*].
ftone have nothing to do with the Variuiion of the Com-'
pals, it is to be underftood of the conftant Variation b( \
tew Degrees to the l-.aft, or to the Weft ; But in Calls of
this Nature, where the Variation isablolutely irremilar and
the Needle plays i]uite round the Compalii, our Amiior's
C'onjefturc m.»y very well tind Place : Yet it muft Ix- ownti!
that It is a Point tar enough from l)eing clear, tlutMm;^
ot l.o.Kiftone atVcit the Compal's at 4 Diftaiue ; whicii
however, might be very ealily determined, liiicc thcrurs
large Mines of Loadftone in the llland ot Llbn, on tiie
Coaft of Tufcany.

4. On the 24th of the fame Month, lieing in the La;i-
tudc of 42' 25 .South, and in the Longituo.- of lOj ;j
I difcover«d Lam), which lay bjft iioutli ealt, at the D;-
ftancc of tt-n Miles, which 1 calleii yan Dimm't Lwl.
The Con^pafe pointed right towaixls this L.ind. 1 he VVu"
ther being bad, 1 fteired South .uui by b-»lt along the Uail
to the Height of 440 South, where the l^iutrum m]
pjft, and afterwards North call and by North. In t.W
L^atitiKle of 43 > 10' South, and in tJic Longitude ut :(,-•
55', I anchored on the lirft of Dcctmi/er, in a ttiy, winch
I called the Bay of Frederic Henry. 1 heard, or at ka:l
fanlied I heard, the Sound of People u[H)n the Shore ; lut
I law nobokiy. All I met \sith, worth obferving, was t»o
Trees, which were two Fathoms, or two Patlioms .irn! an
half, in Ciirth, and 60 or f^j 1-eet high from the Ruo:;)
thcKraiichiS : Tluy had cut with a Hint akind ofJiti'i^sm
the Bark, in order to climb up to the Biids-iufts: Th.ie
Steps were the lliftance ot live Feet Irom each othii; lu
that wc muft conclude, that cither tlul'e PeopK- arc ui a
prodigious Size, orth.it they have tome way of ilimbog
'I'rees that we arc not uled to : In one of the Tru's th:
Steps were fo trcfti, tliat wc judged they toukl not Ixe
been cut aix)ve four Days.

1 he Noil'e we heard rellmblcd the Noife of fuia- fort of
Trumpet -, it fecmcd to be at no gre.it Diftance, hut »:
law no living Creature notwitliftanduig. I perteival il\
in the Sand, the Marks ot wild Healls I'eet, rekn!b!;:;g
thofc ot a I'yger, or tome luch Crc.iture ; I gatluraialio
lome (ium tiom the Trees, and hkewife tome Ijck. Ihc
'1 ide ebbs and flows there about three Feet. The Trees ;:i
this Country do not grow very dole, nor are thi-y incut;;-
Ix-red with Huflies or Underwood. I ohfervid .Smoke :.i
it-veral Placts •, however, we did nothing more than Irtu
a Port, on which every one cut his Name, or his Mark, anJ
U[Km which I hoiftt d a Flag. 1 obferved tlut, m this i'lJiv,
the Variation was changed to three Degrees l-'allwarii. On
December 5. being then, by Oblervation, in die latittJc
ot 41 ' 34, and in the Longitude i6()', ! qi iited I'm Un-
men'} Land, and rclolvcd fo fteer Fall to the 1 .oniiitn^c i/l
195 , m hopes of dilcovering the lilands ot ^.i-in."!.

5. On September 9. I was in the latitude ot 42' p
.South, and in the la>ngitudc of 1 76 H) ; the Vaiu! ji>
being there .■;■' to the Faft. On tlie 12th ol tin- uw
Month, finding a great rolling Se.iconniig in cii tluSt-t^.-
Weil, 1 judged there was no Land tu be hoped tor on tlut
I'lnin. On the ijth, being in the Latitude ol 42 1^
South, and in the Longitude ot iS'S' .'H, 1 tiiUii-ii*
Variation 7" jo I-allward. In this Situaiion I diliovitiJ
an high mountainous Country, wlui-h is .it pietdit nu^t: J
in the Charts, under tlic Name ot i\e:v /.ei..nJ. I ci.ait ■'
along the Shoie of tins Country to the Noith Northt-i.
till the tilth i and Ixing then in tiie l.aritu le of 4 J -^
South, and in the Longitude of 191 • 41 , 1 aiKhuK- ■''^
title Hay, where I oblervcil the \'aiu;ion to be 9 iV'\-->
th'- Fall. ,

We toutid here abundam-e of the Inha! itarits ; Tlityi'-
Very hoarfe Voices, and were very lar;?e-ii.aJe Kf|:'
'I'hey durft not approach the Ship neart r than a .'• ■ - '
'I'lirow ; and we otten oblervid them playing onaki. '*
TriimiHt, to which we .nnlwered with tlie lnllriimcm< t-i-
were on bo.ird our Vtftll. Thelt Ptoi x were yt a Coi-f

^^X s

Chap. I. Captain Abel J

t^rween brown and yellow, their Hair long, and almoft
rhick as that of the "Japontft, combed up, and fixed on
Thr Tod of their Heads, with a Quill, or fomc fuch thing,
L w« thickeft in the Middle, in the very lame manner
Zloponift faftcned their Hair, behind their Heads.
Theie People cover the Middle ot their Bodies, fomc with a
kind of Mat, others with a fort of Woollen Cloth •, but,
„ for their upper and lower Parts, they leave them alto-
gether naked. . , „

On the iqiii of December, thefc Savages began to grow
■ little bolder, and more familiar, inlbmuch that at lad
they ventured on board the Hetmkirk, in order to trade with
tholiin the Veflel : As foon as I perceived it, being ap-
prchcnfive that diey might attempt to furprile that Ship,
1 Itnt my Shallop, with fevtn Men, to put the People in
tht Himskirk upon thi-ir Guard, and to direft them not to
place any Confidence in thofc People. My fcvcn Men,
being without Arms, were attacked by thclc Savages, who
killed three of the fevcn, and forced the other four to fwim
for ihcir Lives ; which occafioned my giving that Place the
Name of the Bay of Murderers. Our Ship'sConipany would,
undoubtedly, have taken a fcvcre Revenge, if the rough
Weather had not hindered them. From this Bay we bore
away Eaft, having the Land in a manner all round iis.
ThisCountry appeared to us rich, fertile, and very well fitu-
atfd 1 but as the Weather was very foul, and we had at
this time a very ftrong Weft Wind, wc found it very dif-
hcult to get clear of the Land .

6. On the :4th of December, as the Wind would not
permit us to continue our Way to the North, as we knew
not whether we fliould be able to find a PalTage on that
Side, and as the Flood came in from the Souih-caft,
wt concluded that it would be the beft to return into the
Bay, and feek fomc other Way out •, but, on the 26th,
the Wind becoming more favourable, we continued our
Route to the North, turning a little to the Wert. On the
4ih o( January 1643, being then in the Latitude of 34"
35' South, and in the Longitude of 191° 9 , we faikil
quite to the Cape, which lies North-welf, where we found
tilt Sea rolling in from the North-call j whence we con-
cluded, that we had at laft found a Paflage, which gave us
no fmali Joy. There was in this Streight an IfliUid, which
we called the lHand of the Three Kings ; the Cape of
which we doubled, with a Delign to have refrelhtcl our-
Clvtsi but, as wc appoached it, we perceived on the
Mountain thirty or nvc-and-thirty Peribns, who, as far
as we could difcern at fuch a Diltancc, were Men of very
large Size, and had each of them a large Club in his
Hand ; they called out to us in a rough llrong Voice, but
we could not underftand any thing of what tliey faid. Wc
obftrvcd, that thei'e People walked at a very great Rate,
and that diey took prtxiigious large Strides. Wc made
the Tour of the Iflandj in doing which, we faw but very
ftw Inhabitants •, nor did any of the Country fecm to be
cultivateil ; Wc found indeed a frclh-water River •, and
thrn wc reiblvcil to fail Eaft, as far as 2 20° of Longitude ;
and from thence North, as far as the Latitude of 1 7" South ;
and thence to the Weft, till we arrived at the Iflesof Cww
and IlerHt, which were difLOVtred by pyiUiam Schovlen,
where wc intemleil to refrelh ourlclvcs, in c.ifc wc tound
r.u Oj^pcrtunity of doing it betore •, for, though we had
aduaiiy landed on Inn Diemen's Land, we met with no-
ihins^ there •, and, as lor New leland, we never let Foot
on it.

In order to render this Paflage perfedly intelligible, it
isncccfiary to oblcrvp, that tlie Ifland of Coios lies in the
latitude ot 15° 10 .South-, and, according to Schovten's
Account, is Will iiihabittd, and well cultivated, abounding
wita all Sorts of Retrelhnicnts •, but, at the fame time, he
(icicribes the People as treacherous and bafe to the laft Uc-
Rw. As tor the lllands of Home, they lie nearly in the
Uitudc ot 15'=; are extremely fruitful, and inliabitcd
^y lioplcof a kind and gentle Difpofition, who readily
biiiowcd on the Hollanders whatever Refrethments they
(uiiK a(k. It was no wonder therefore, that, finding
'Kimidvcs thus diftrr lied, Captain ra/man thought of re-
lairing to thcfc Idands, where he was lure of obtaining Re-
iftlhmuits, cither by fair Means, or otherwile i w.iich
4

ANSEN T AS MAN.

32^7

Dcfign, however, he did not think fit to put In Exe-
cution.

7. On the 8th of January, being in the Latitude of
.30" 25' South, and in the Longitude of 192' 20", wc ob-
fcrved the Vaiiation of theNcwlle to be nine Degrees to*
wards the Fall •, and, as we had an high rolling Sea from
the Soiith-weft, I conjcdlurcd there could not be any Land
hofied for on that Side. On the i2t!i, wc found ourfelvcs
in 30" 5 South Latitude, and in 193° 27 of Longitude,
where we found the Variation ^° 30 to the Eaft, a rolling
Sea from the South-eaft, and from the South- weft. It is
very plain, from thefc Obtervations, that the Pofition laid
down by Dr. HaUey, that the Motion of the Needle is not
governed by the Poles of the World, but by other Poles,
which move round them, is highly probable •, for other-
wife it is not eafy to underftand, how the Needle came
to have, as our Author affirms it had, a Variation of near
27° to the Weft, in the Latitude of 45" 47', and then
gradually decrcafing till it had no Variation at all ; after
which It turned Eaft, in the latitude of 42° 37', and fo
continued increaling its Variation Eaftwardly to this time.

8. On the i6th we were in the Latitude of 26' 29'
Soi.th, and in the Longitude of 199° 32', the Variation
of the Needle being H". Here we are to obferve, that the
Eaftcrn Variation decreafes ; which is likewife very agree-
able to Dr. Ualley's Hypothejis -, which, in few Words, is
this : 'I'hat a certain large folid Bcxly contained within, and
every way fcparated from, the Earth, (as having its own
proper Motion) and being included like a Kernel in its
Shell, revolves circularly from Eaft to Weft, as the exterioi?
F^arth revolves the contrary Way in the diurnal Motion :
Whence it is eafy to explain the Pofition of the four mag-
netical Poles which he attributes to the Earth, by allowing
two to the Nucleus, and two to the exterior Earth. And,
as the two tbrmer perpetually alter the .Situation by their
circular Motion, their Virtue, compared with the exterior
Poles, muft be different at different times ; and, confe-
quently, the V^ariation of the Needle will perpetually
change. The Doiftor attributes to the Nucleus an Euro-
pean North Pole, and an /Imerican South one, on account
of the Variation of X'ariations obferved near thefc Places,
as being much greater than thole found near the two other
Poles. And he conjcrtures, that thcit: Poles will finidi
their Revolution in about fevcn hundred Years ; and, afar
that time, the fame Situation of the Poles obtain again, as at
prefent •, and, confet]uently, the Variations will be the
iiime again over all the Globe ; lb that it requires fcveral
Ages before this Theory can be thoroughly acijufted. He
alligns this probable Caulc of the circular Revolution of tne
Nucleus i That the diurnal Motion, being impreflcd irom
without, was not fo exadtly communicated to the internal
Paru, as to give them the lame precilc Velocity of Rotation
as the external : Whence the Nucleus, being left behind by
the exterior Earth, Hems to move (lowly in a contrary Di-
rertion, as from Eaft to Weft, with ret',ard to the external
Earth, confidered as at Reft in refped ol the other. But to
return to our Voyage.

c). On the 19th of January, being in the Latitude of
22^ ^5 South, .ind in the Longitude of 204" 15, wc had
7" ;o' Eaft \'arlation. In this Situation we dilcovercd an
llland, about two or three Miles in Circumference, which
w.is, as far as we could dilcern, very high, Itccp, and
barren. We were vciy delirous of coming nearer it, but
were hindered by South-caft ai.d South South-eaft Winds i
we called it the Ille of t'yljlaart, beciule of the great
Number of that Sort ot Birds wc faw living about it ; and
the next Day wc law two other lllands.

10. On the 2 1 ft, being in the Latitude of 2 1° 20' South,
and in the Longitude of 205° 29 , we found our Variation
-J' to the Nortli-caft. We drew near to the Coaft of the
moft Northern llland, which, though not very high, yet
was the laiger of the two ; we called one of rhele lllands
/Imjhrdam, and the other Rotterdam. Upon that of Rot-
terdam, wc found great Plenty of Hogs, Fowls, and all
Sorts of Fruits, and other Refrelhments. Thele Illandcrs
did not feem to have the L'fe of Arms, inalmuch as we
law nothing like them in any of their Hands : While we
were upon the Ifland, the Lliigc they gave us \\as fair and

tricndly.

i\ 1

it i

M!! >

;. "iH^

1h ."f? '■ f

w8r^[:^'.M.i

im-u ;

iW ;'

! i

til ft

iz8

The VOYAGV-Sef

vfrcil.

fVicnJI'/, rxrrpt tliat tlify woiiKl (lc.il a little. TKo Cur-
rent is not wry conliJcrable in this I'Ucf, where it ebbs
North-c.ill, ami flows South-welt. A South-welt Moon
ruilts a SpntiR-tiile, which nil 5 iVven or ciijjht Feet at
Icall. The Wini.1 blows there contlmially Soiithf.ilt, or
South South-ralt, which occalioneil tiie lifim<kiyk\ 1< in!»
f.irrieil out of the Roui, but, however, without any l>a-
mage. Wc diii not Itll any VV.iter hcic, bcraufc it was
extremely hanl to get it to the Shiji.

Ont'ie 2.;th, wc wen- intlie Latitmleof 20 i/;'S't«ith,
and in the i^)ni>itiKlc of 206' ?y'. Tl>e Wirkituin here
was JO to the Fait -, ami, after Iwvinir iiad Siphr o>
liviT.iI otlur lilaiids, wc ni;v1c tli« ot Ret!ir,iam: I he
lllaiultrs Ikto releinble thole on tin' Iflami of Amjhrdam.
Tlie IVojilc were very good-naiuieii, ii.irt.-d readily with
what ih.y ImJ, did not leein to Ix-arquiintrd with the L'li-
of iVims but were f^iven to I'hievin^, hl;e the Natives of
^■Imlh-rlisii llbnd. I lere wc took in Water, and other
Retre Ihmcnt-, witli .ill the ConTeniency im.iginabie. We
made tl>c wiuile Cinutt of thi: lllind, which wc found
well Itockcd with C0CO.1 tree';, very regularly planted ;
we likewilL fiw abundani e oiCianu-n*. extxinely well hiid
out, pi-.nt;fully (locked wi:h all km i of Fruit-trees, .-ill
plantni tn Itiait I.ine^, :\ryA tl»e Whole k^'pt irv luch cxccl-
knt Order, that nothing rould have .i betrer F.lVect upon
the Eye. Alter ijuitting th.- liland of RoiKr.Lvji, we had
Sight of fivcral other 1 (lands ; whicli, however, did not
engage us to alter tlic K^ililutim we had taken of 1ail:r.g
North, to th-- Height of 17' South Latitude, and from
thence to iliapc a We it Courl'c, without going near cither
Tnutcrs liland, or tiiol'e r.f ]hri::\ wo having tlr,-n a very
Lnik W ind trom the .'^outh-cilt, or ball South-call.

I c.u'.not Ixlp ^marking upon th;s I'ast of Capta n Tcf-
r;.;.';'s Juurna! ; That it is not taly to cr.nreive, unliA ho
was bocnd up iiy his Inlhudions, why h.- did nor rcn-,.;iii
i^imt: ti:iic cither at RctKrthm or at /1::iftfriam Iiland,
but cfpcriaiiy at the lormt-r ; rim-, ]),'rhii';, tlirre is not a
IKice in the \N orld fo happily le.:tid, tor nviking new l;if-
covcri's with Fale and SaK ty. lie owns, tb.at !ic travcrfai
the whole liiand; that lie fouiul it a pn; :ct IVT-idilei and
that the I'cnplc rave him not the leatl ( .u;fe of b.ir>^ dilri-
d'.ni i.T po-t ot SciU!;ty ■, fo tint, 1I h;s Men had thrown
up ever lo llijiht a Fort.firation, a I'art ol them might
hive i:inai::rd thfic in.'ulcty, w;-,iL- the rcit had attcmpad
t'le nilcovery of tlie F.'ands ot Sokincn on the one hand,
or the Contiiunt ol 7V r^uirr,! r,n the other •, from neither
of will, h tlvy were at .iny r'r-.at IVnta-ce : Ami, frr n his
neglecting this ()piv,:nin!ty, 1 take it t.;r granted, that he
was ciicuin:crii ed, hnii as to hbLoi.ife, "and to the 1 i:nc
he w-5 to employ in t,hercl)il"cov>ri. s by his Inllructions^
for < therwi!,-, lo able a Seaman, and lb curious a Man, as
h!>. jourral Ihews him to have liecn, would not ccitxnly
ii.ive lugkcted lo lair an Opportunity.

II. On /•<lr^,tn,'().\y.-mij,u\ 17- i<) if South latitude,
2nd in the fcngitiide of .-oi' ^5, w- loiind ouilllves em-
batalkd by i.iuetecn or iwejity Iniall li'.ards, every one of
wMKh was furroirded with Sands S.'iolrs, and KfKk'.
Ihele arc marked m ih- Ch.irts by the Name of /';;mY
n'lLutm'i ljlfl>idi, or Uimiktrk'i ihallo-xs. On the Stli,
we wnc in the l.atinidrof i-,' 29', and 111 tin: l^njiniidc tiid
ot 190' ?i . Wc h.id uliumLuKe ol K.nn, a Iticng Wind
troni itv Nuith eilV, or tiit- Noith Nirth-i-.ill, with d.ark,
lofi \\ eath. r. i-iaiir.g rlieref irj that wc ysn- run larther
t.- t!i- Welt, than we tho'.:g!it owrlelvcs liy our Reckoning,
SKil drea'.iingtiiat wc f.xuid tall to the Jouth of A^:v (,ui-
my, or be thrown ujion l.,m.- unknown Co,.ll 111 uicii i)lo.v-
i;'-, milly \\\.:xhrj, we rcf .Iwa to It.ind away to the North,,
or to the Nort.i North-v\e;l, till we HujuI.I arrive i;i th'- I ,.-
tiiude ol .1, :, or (>' .^o;;th ■, .imt tiun 1 1 bear aw.iy W cil
tor tii:.- Coa,i ol AVti- Cutiir^, as tie leail i!an!\rou-. W.iy
ihit we ( oul'l :ake.

it is very plain fiom iience, th.it Cas.ttin r.iiman had
now laid ai.dc all 'i'h'iughts ot ddtoverin<;i.iir'icr ; and, I
think, it IS lot dirfiaih to guef-, at th.- Rcf.n: \\'l.c;i'he
wa.s 111 tiiis 1 jtiiud'-, he was iiior.ii'v ccr:. in, tii.;t he could.

' • ' Book I.

in Older to arrivr at a Crrtaii.ty, wlicth r it w,.
joined to any other I'art ot the World, or wlieijur iw^
withltanding Its valt F'.xtcnt, viz. t'rom thi F.qmtorto ;i'
of South 1 atitiule, and from the I .ongitudc of n ; ■ to i^.r
190', it was, iiotwithftanding, .in liland : This, 1 |,,y^ ^^,'|
in all Ap|H'araiu;e< tk' tni« Delignof Ins Voy.ini.- a'dth'
Rcafon of it feems to lie this, that, an cx.icl (.lurtiKu.,,
drawn from his nilioveries, the Haft /«</;aLoiii|i.iny „ii(,i||
li.we pitect Intelligeme ol the b.xtent and .'>itiiiiiun ci ih '^
new-ldund Cot-itiy, Ixlorc they cxccutc^t the PLm f;,,",
were then contrivmg, lor preventing its b.ini', vilitw!, „f
larther d.ilifovercii, by their own, or any other Njt'u;]
A'ul this too a<i'(Hints tor the (.are t.iktn in Liyiii!', duua ti,^
M.ip ot this Country on the I'avemmt of tlie new .Siai![.
houlc at .hnjLritmii -, tor^ as this (.'oimtry was lieiicclin.
ward to remain as a kind ot Dcpolit, or Land ol Reliivc
in the Hands of the hai lidia Company, tiny U)mI\\x\
Method ot ifitimating as much fo their C'otnirrymni 1 |(>
t.h.it, whik- Strangers aic g.iping at this .Map .is ,i(. uriomv
every intelligent Dutihmcii m.ty I ly tohtmielt, IttkU u]
II ijilcm of th Fait Indi.i C'omp.m- ' liy ilvir pr,!au hn.piri
they jH[>ptirl il-i ,t:ilhori:ji cf tl:s Rep.witc aM\,U\ nn.l, h
their extoijhc Commerce, cnmb its iul-jccls at L-.ine-, cr.i
at the fume limr, Ihnv us hire, iii\:t n Riferve ibc^ /w;v uit
for tie Henejil cf I'cjierity, lihimvcr, thro' ibe / MJil:tda
to zvHih a.'! ful>.':i)uiry Ihn^f are liable, their pnyni ,\Q;ir,(i
cf Ptnucr till. I Griindcur Jhal! fail.

I can:-ot h. Ip liii.jwrting my Opinion, in this nfjiert, by
putting the Reader in mind of a very cuiious Piice ot i.i.
ticnt 1 liltory, which furnilhes us with the like liiil.iiHe ii
the Con iuct of .>nothcr Republic. Dip.iorii: Snu!iii, m ths
filth B(X)k of his Hijlorica! I,ibr.ty\, informs us, th.it, in t:ic
/i/r;,.s;7 Ocean, fome Days .Sail Well Irom /,/7')m, tlu'^lui
bc;-n ilil<o\erfdi an liland, tk- Soil ol winch was exreixlianj/
Icrtilc, and the Country no lefs pleafmt, all tiie Land h.m
finely du\rlifK(l by Mountains and I'lains tlic t.jr.iier thui;
cloathed with Frees, the latter abounding witii l'r;.its jivl
Flowers, tlic Whole watered by iiimimeiable Kimi!.:s, .vd
allbrding fo ple.ifanr an Mabititinn, t!j:u a liner, i.r iiwr:
I'c'ightlul Country Fancy itfelf could not t.imi; Yttlit
alVutcs us, the C;r//w^«;/<»;.(, thole great Mailers ol nun-
unic Power and Commerce, tin' they hacKalcovcrtd 1 m
admiralile liland, would never ii.lFer it to be pl.mtcili Init
reierved it as a Sanciuary, to which they might I'.v, when-
ever tlic Rum of tlicirown Republic kit th m iiDoi.iirKc-
lource. 1 his tallies exactly witli the Fohcv ot the Ihuh
tail ln<i:a Comiwny, who, if tiiey Ihould, at any time, ;>.•
diivcn from their I'ofTeniiins in J>v:.i, Ct.tui, .iml odirt
Flaces :n th.it Neighbourhood, woul.i, without liouht, rr-
tire back into the Mcliifias, and avail ihemlllves c.ffitui.l?
ot this noble Uiliovtry, which lies open to ilum, jiiii lus
l-een h.thcrto dole Ihut up to all the World IkIkIc. ll.i !>

wtiioutlurtherlJinui.ty, lail round by th- Co.iil ot .\ev
Ciinry, .in,l f J back agiin to the J-.uji iiu.iei. li is thcr.f.Jt.-
txir.ir.ily probable, tnat he Wis directed, by hu liilliu:iiun',
tu cj-tt iuj:;.: :..,.! (ricit Southcn, L j:.V.:: i.t i.r,- u\s, ,1

II. On letni.iry 14, w,- wrr;- in the Ijtitudc- of r'
50 South, and in the Longitude of i()y ',■',. Wilmi
hitlierto lu.l much Rain, and bad Weather i but ilui IV,
the Wind fiiikmg, we hailed our Conliirt the/cc llt.ii: J' J
lo-jii l,toour gre.it .Satistaction, tl,.i;oi;r Keckniiiig'...!;! 'i-.i,
On the ioth, in the Lititiide of 1 ,• ■ 4 /; , .iml in ilie l.i'Up-
tude of K^j' 'r, we had dark, cloudy \\ e,itli;-r, mm 1
Rai.t, thick Foi!,s, and a rolling Sea ; on all Si.les the Wild
variable. On the zhih, in the l.;uitude ol ()' 4'i,.Sui!!i,
and in the I.^>ngitude ot 19 ^-' 4,', wc lud a Nortliwvl'C
Wind, lnvii;;; every Day, for tlie Spue 01 twiity-nnc
Days, rained more or lets. OixMmhz. m ilie l..'!iU:'i;
ol I)' II ."5uut!i, and in t!ie Lcmi'.itudc of Hfi'ais'''!
V.iiiatioii w;ls id' to the I'.all, the Wmtl and \V(.uiurllJl
vaiying. On .Mr.n/tS. in the l.aiitiide<t 7 4''i 'suutli,.inJ
ill t.ic Longitude of i.,o' 47 , the Wind was llill v.iii,i.'l-.

I ?. (Jn the i4tii, in the Latitiule of 10' 12 South, i"J
in til- Longitude of iSo- 14', w: loun-l the Van.iti'jn »'
4V toth- F..1II. Wc pilfed lie-lie I lavs wither, h i.li; .il 1^'
to t.ike ai y ObliTvatioii, l>-i-aufr ti.e Weather was a! :!:•''
tim , d.irK an i lainy. On .V/.jnt) ;.,i. m tiiKi^aiiin-' ''
i; I ■, South, and in the lx;iigiti:de<f iSr III, til '*'>''
thi r bc-ing tiicn tair, we toiiiul the \'arution 9' F-.H^v-""-
On the 2id, in the Latitu-.le ot r,' 2 South, and n' •'
Longitude cf 17S ' fz', wc lia.l line fa.r Weather, aulii'

aircidy dUcj- ll.-neht of t:ie Fall Frade wind. 1 iin P.

V, wc

! .1.; ■■> >: ■

Chap. !• Captain AbeL JaKsen Tasman.

rf Ijni), whirh lay four Miles Weft. This Land proved
f be a ClulUr of twenty Illamis, which, in the Maps, arc
luMbonH 7«">- They lie ninety Milts, or thcrc-
ibouts troni the Coaft of New Guiney. It may not be
lili to ohfffve here, that what Captain rafinan calls the
Coart of Seu) Cuinty, is, in reality, the Coaft of New Bri-
ttiin which Captain Dampier firft tiifcovercd to be a large
lllinil lepaMtcd from the Coaft oiNew Guiney.

14 ' On tiic 25th, in the Latitude of 4* 35 South, and
inthf LongitiKic of 175^ >o', we found the Variation o,'
?o EalK We were then in the Height of the Iflands of
\krk, which were difcovered by IVilliam Scbovten and
Imilt Moif't- ^ '"^y ^""^ fourteen or fifteen in Number,
inhabiteil by Savages, with black Hair, dreffcd and trimmed
in ihc fame manner as thofe we faw before at the Bay of
M»r,lir(rs in A/mi ZelanJ. On the 29th, we paflTcd the

Crtin Ipnd' \ »"^i O" *''' 3°*'^' *''"' "^ ^'' 7"''*' ' ""^^^^
wrrc likewilc difcovered by Schovttn and le Maire. 'I'his
lHuid they found to be of a confiderablc Extent -, and jutiged
ittu lie at the Uillancc of 1 840 leagues from the Coaft of
fttu. Itappcaretl to them well inhabited, and well culii-
viinl, abounding with Flefti, Fowl, Fifli, Fruit, and other
Kctrclhments. The Inhabitants made ufe of Canoes of all
Sizes, were armed with Slings, Darts, and wooden Swords,
wore Necklaces and Bracelets of Pearl, and Rings in their
Nofis, They were, however, very intradlable, notwith-
llaniling all the Pains that could be taken to engage them
in a tiir Correfix)ndence •, fo that Captain Schovten was at
lall obliged to fire upon them, to prevent them from make-
ing thcmlHves Malkrs of his Veflcl, which they attacked
tilth a great deal of Vigour : And very probably this was
the Realon, that Captain Tajman did not attempt to land, or
make any farther Dilcovery. On /Ifril i . we were in the
Latitude of 4" 30 South, and in the Longitude of 1 7 1 ^ 2',
ihf Vamtion being 8' 45' to the Eaft, having now Sight
of the Coaft of Nem Guiney \ and, endeavouring to double
the Cape, which the Spaniards call Cobo Santa Maria^ we
continued to fail along the Coaft, which lies North-weft.
\V( afterwards palled the Idands of Antony Caens, Garden-
m Ifiimd, and Fifiiers IJIand^ adwMcing towards the Pro-
montory called Siruis Hotk, where the Coaft nms South,
and Suuth-eaft. We refolvcd to purfue the fame Route,
and to continue (leering South, till we (hould cither difcover
Land, or a PaiTage on that Side.

It is necclTary to obferve, that, all this time, they con-
tinued on the Coaft, not of New Guiney, but of New Bri-
im \ lor that Cape, which the Spaniards called Santa Ma-
m, is the very lame that Captain Dampier called C^ St.
Giirge; and Catn'sy Gardeners, and hi/bers Illands all lie
upon the laine Coaft. They had been difcovered by Scbov-
tn and It Maire, who found them to be well inhabited,
but by a very bafe ami treacherous People ; who, after make-
ing Signs of Peace, attempted to furprifc their Shi|a : And
thile Iflanders managed their Slings with fuch Force and
Ocxtcriiy, as to drive the Dutcb Sailon from their Decks:
Which Account of le Maire's agrees perfedUy well with
•hat Captain Dampier tells us of the lame People. As
for ihe Comment ot New Guiney, it lies quite behind the
Woiid of Nnv Britam; and was therefore laid down, in all
the Charts before Dampier's Dtfcovery, at Icaft 4* more to
the Eaft than it Ihoukl have been.

15. On /Ipril 12. in tlie Latitude of 30 45' South, and
in the Longitude of 167°, we found the Variation 10° to-
wards the Faft. That Night, Part of the Crew were wakened
Nit of their Sleep by an Earthquake. They immediately
rw u})on Deck, fuppoling that die Ship had ftruck. On
heaving the Lead, however, there was no Bottom to be
found. We had afterwards feveral Shocks -, but none of
^tm fo violent as the firft. We had then doubled the Struis
lltik, and were, at that time, in the Bay of Good Hope.
On the 14th, in the I-ititude of 5° a;' South, and in the
Longitude of 1 66' 57 , we obfervcd the Variation to be 9'
1; totim F-ift. The Land lay then Northeaft, Eaft North-
Mlt, and again South South-weft i fo that we imagined
thar h.ui liecn a RilFage between thofe two Points : But
*c were loon convinced of our Miftake, and that it wm all
tfle Coaft i lb that we were obliged to double the Weft
upe, and to continue creeping akmg-fliorc, and were much
bmdcrcd in our Paffagc by Calms. This Ddcription agrees

WVIJIB. 21.

?2i>

very well with that of Schovten and/* Maire-, fo that pro-
bably they had now Sight again of the Coaft of New Gui-
ney.

It is very probable, from the Accident that happened td
Captain Tajman, and which alfo happened to others upon
that Coaft, and from the burning Mountains that will be
hereafter mentioned, that this Country is very fubjeit td
Earthquakes : And, if fo, without ck>ubt, it abounds with
Mcols and Minerals 4 of which we have alfo another Proof»
from a Point in which all thefe Writers agre* ; viz. that
the People they faw had Rings in their Nofes and Ears, tho'
none of^them tell us of what Metal thofe Rings were made^
which le Maire might ealily have done, fincc he carried of!
a Man from one of the Iflands, whole Name was Mafes^
from whom he learned, that ^moft every Nation on this
Coaft fpcaks a different Language.

16. On the 20th, in the Latitude of 5° 4' South, and
in the Longitude of 164° 27', we found the Variation 8"
30' Eaft. We that Night drew ne-.r the Brandande Tland;
i. e. burning Ifland, which fVilliam Schovten mentions \
and we perceived a great Flame ifTuing, as he fays, from
the Top of an high Mountain. When we were between
that Ifland and the Continent, we faw a Vdft Number of
Fires along the Shore, and half-way up the Mountain \
from whence we concluded, that the Country muft be very
populous. We were often detained on this Coaft by Calms,
and frequently obfcrvtd fmall Trees, Bambocs, and Shriibsj
which the Rivers on that Coaft carried into the Sea •, from
which we inferred, that this Part of the Country was ex-
tremely well watered, and that the Land muft be very goodi
The next Morning, we pafTed the burning Mountain, and
continued a Weft North-weft Courfc along that Coaft.

It is remarkable, that Schovten had made the fame Obfer-
vation with refpedi to the Drift-wood forced by the Rivers
into the Sea. He likewife obfcrved, that there was fo co-
pious a Difchargc of frelh Water, that it altered the Colour
and the Tafte of the Sea. He likewife fays, that the burn-
ing Illand is extremely well peopled, and ftlib well culdvated.
He afterwards anchored on the Coaft of the Continent, and
endeavoured to trade with the Nauves -, who made him
pay very dear for Hogs and Cocoa-nuts, and likewife
ftiewed him fome Ginger. It appears from Captain Taf-
rttaH'& Account, that he was now in Hafte to return to Bo-
titjia, and did not rave hinifclf fo much Trouble as at the
Beginning about Difcoveries ; and, to fay the Truth, there
was no great Occafion, if, as I oblerved, his CommilTion
was no more, than to fail round the new-difcovercd Co.ifts,
in order to lay them down with greater Certainty in the
Du/ch Charts.

17. On the 27th, being in the Latitude of 2° 10 Southj
and in the Longitude of 146" 57 , we fanfied that we had
a Sight of the Ifland of Moa -, but it proved to be that of
Jauutt wliich lies a litde to the Eaft of Moa. We found
here great plenty of Cocoa-nuts, and other Refrefliments.
The Inhabitants were abfolutely black, and couU eafily
repeat the Words that they heard others fpeak j which (hews
their own to be a very copious Language. It is, howeveri
exceedingly difficult to pronounce, bccaufe they make fre-
quent Vfe of the Letter (R)i and fometimes to fuch a de-
gree, that it occurs twice or thrice in the lame Word.
The next Day, we anchored on the Coaft of the Ifland of
Moa, where we likewife found abundance of Refrefhments,
and where we were obliged, by bad Weather, to ftay till
May 6. We purchafed there, by way of Exchange, 6000
Cocoa-nuts, and 100 Bags of Pyfanghs, or Indian Figs.
When we firft began to trade with thcle People, one of our
Seamen was wounded by an Arrow, that one of the Natives
let fly, cither tliro' Malice or Inadvertency. We were, at
that very Junfture, endeavouring to bring our Ships clofc
to the Shore j which fo terrified thtfc Iflanders, that they
brought, of their own Accord, on boaixl us the Man, who
had Ihot the Arrow, and left him at our Mercy. We
found them, alter this Accident, much more tradable than
bcfbrt in eveiy refped. Our Union, therefore, pulled oIF
the iron Hoops from fome of the old Water-calks, ftuck
them into wooden Handles, and, filing thcni to an Edge,
foWthcfc aukward Knives to the Inlubitaats torthcir Fruiu.

In all Probability, they had not forgot what liappcned

to our People on July 16. 1616. in the Days of f Ft lUam

^ p Sckc-itetf

iiiilf

ill !,■(.!

330

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

.::

1 If L;i

i|j : ■

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MW .

V' *''•

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W'm- ' 'I

I'li

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V^y' A

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S(hr.'tfn : Vbde Proplf , it fcems trcatctl hi;n very ill ;
upon whiili 7<imfs It Main brought Ins Ship dole to the
Shonsaml liuaaHioadliilc through tlu-Wooils. Ihi- Bullets,

flying through the I'rces, Uruck th Nc-grc-s with Uich a
Fanir.that thcv Ik'ii in an mftant up into the Country ; ant
tturft not IIkw' their I leads again, till they had made tull
Satisfaction tor what was palt, and thereby iVcured their
Satery tor the 'I ime to conic i ami ho traded witU thein
afterward* very pearfably, and with mutual Satisfaction.

Tliis Accotint ot our Author's tteiris to have been taken
upon Memory, and is not viry ex.icL Sdpvtins Seamen,
or rather the I'etty Ottiar who commanded his Long-boat,
intuited the Natives groily, Ivtore they otVertil any Injury
to his I'eopio; and then, notwitiiiUin;ing they tired upon
thcni witli Small-arms, the Illandirs oliliged them to re-
treat i to that thiy were forced to bring the great Guns co
bear upon the lllaiui belurc tluy couKi reduce them. Thcle
People do not ilekrvc to bc'ticata! as Savages, Ixc.iule
Sfhov(en acknowledg..s, that they had bi'en cnga[v-d in Com-
merce wi(h the Sf.DWirJs ; as appeared by their having
iron Pots, glals beads, and Pendants, with other £«fr^f mi
Commoiiities, Ixrtorc he came tiuthcr. He alto tells us,
that they were a very civilized People, their Countiy well
cultivated, and very fruitful ; that they liad a great manv
Boats, anti other Smallcralr, which thiy navigateil with
great Dexterity. 1 \e adds alto, that tlu y g.ive him a
very diftmct Account of the neighbouring lllaiids, and
that they Iblicited him to tire upon the Arimcans, with
whom it ftems they are always at War ; which, howcvci',
he refiifed to do, unlets provoked to it by fome Injury
olVered by thole People. It is thcretore very app.ireiit,
that the Inhabitants of Moa are a People with wtiom any
Europeans, t'ettltd in their Ncighbourhooii, migiit without
any Difficulty fettle a Comtiirrcc, aid receive conti lerable
Afllttance from them m in.iki;ig Dilcoviries. But, per-
haps, tome Nations are fitter toi th. ll kind ot t'jcpcditions
than others, as being lei's apt to mak ule of tht ir Artil-
lery and Small-arms ujion every litiic Dilputc \ for as the
Inhabitants of Men are well mough acquainted with the
Superiority whkh the A'wrff^^,.*; have over them, it can-
not be fuppol'td, th.« they will ever ha/a^i their total De-
ftruclion by committing any grofs .'\ct of Cruelty u])on
Strangers, who vifit their Coatf •, anil it is certainly very
unf.i'r, to treat People as Sav.iges and Barlwruns, merely
for delVndingtletntclves when intuited or attacked wiihout
Caufe. '("he lallance Captain Tajman gives us ot their
delivering up the .Man who wounded his Saiior, is a plain
Prcof ot this i .md, as to the DilRdence and .Sul'picion
which tome Liter \'oyai^ers have complained ot, with retpeA
to the Inhabitants ot this Iiland, they mutt certainly Ix-
the P'tfeds ot the bad Behaviour of tuch turoptans .is this
Nation have hitherto dealt with ; and wotjld be etfcCtualJy
removed, if ever they hail a fettled F.x])erii'nce ot a ron-
trary Condiid. I'hc furell Method of teaching Peoiile
to t.)ehave honeftiy towards us, is to b< have friendly atHi
honelHy towards them ; and then there is no great Kealon
to fear, that fu. h as give evident Proofs of Capacity and
Civility in the common Afl'iurs of Lite, flioukl be guilty
of Treacher)' that mull turn to their own Diladvantaj^e.

iV. On the in\\ of M,ty, being then in rhe Laiitmicof
54 South, and in the Longitude of i^j" 17', wc lound
the Varuition C ^o to the l-.all. We continued coalfing
the No.ih-lidc ot the llland of IVilliam Schovlcn, which is
alwut eighteen or ninetetn Miles long, very |)opulous, awl
t!ie People very briik and adtive. It wa.s with great Cau-
tion that Sibouun gave his Name to this llland -, tor, having
obiervetl that there were atiundancc of fmall Illandt laid
clown in theLh.irts on the Coalf of Ncju Cutney, he was
Uifpicious, that this might be of the Numlvr. 'But, fince
th.it Time, it firms a Point generally agreeti, that this
Illanii had not Ixfore any jiarticular Nari»-\ and therefore,
in all lublequ.nt Voyages, wc find it contt.imly mentioned
hj the Name of Scbovttn's IJland.

He dcfciilxs it as a vrry firtile and well-pcoplrd Ifland :
The Inhabitants of which wen.- fo tar from dilcovering .iny
thing of a favage Natur--, :hat they gave apparent Teih-
monies of their having liail an extenlivc Commerce before
he touched there, fince rhey not only (1. wed him vanous
C.ommoditicj from the Spaniardi, but alto fevcral Samples

of CLina Ware : 1 1( obfer\ es, tli.it they were very vmiii^.
the Nations lie had teen bclore, being rather of an (Jhu'
colour, than black i lonii. having Ihort, others longHar'
dreHi.il after dillerent l-aihions : Tluy were alio a u I '
Itrongcr, and Ifouter People, than their Neighlnnns. Tiif,'
little Circuml\.uiccs, which may fetm ted'uius or irinir',
to t'uch as riad only lor Amulemciit, arc, howcvn u*i
very great Importance to luch as have Dilcoveiiis in Vjc*.
bi-caule tluy urgiie, that tlielo Peopk- have a i^eneral U r!
rel'pondencc : 1 he Difference oi their Compiixion n)u'
ante from a mixiil Ddccnt 1 and the dilferent Manner ui
wcirmg then- 1 lair is uiuhnibtcdly owing to ili ir luliTO.
ing the lalhion of dillerent Nations, as iheir Kai.ixslal
them. He farther obllrves, th.it their Ncliels wenUoir
and better nmtrived, tlian their Neighbours ; thai t°iy
readily parted with their Bov;s .ind Arrows in Lxchaii<v ti
Goods, and that they Wiie particularly fond ut Gl.ih ar»i
Iron-w.ire, wlmh, jxiliaps, they not only uled tliimlUvi"
but employed lik( is'ile m their Commerce, i'lic ni.,;'
Wellern Point of the llland he culled the Cap;; 01 (,5 f
Hope, bccaiile, by doubling that Cape, he ex(Hu;-a 10
reach the llland ol lidiida : /Vnd, that we may nut v.oii. cr
tlj.it he was in Doubts ami Ditficuities as to the ."iitaitiui
ot thcfc Places, wc ouglit to rcfUtit, that 6ikvi 11 v,..',
ihe firll wlio t.ulcd round thv Woi Id by this Coiirli, jnj
the lall too, except Cominoilore Ko^^gewtiii ; odur .\j.
vigators chuling latiu r tu run as hign as Qiiifmia, a; 1
from tlieiue to tlic /-^i.^/tf/idllaiKis, mciely Ucui.!,' u :, :,;.
ordinal y Koute.

In the Neighl)ourhoOii of this llland Sil.ovtcn uliL m.:
with an lurtliquake, which alarmai the Siiip's Cu:r'u:v
txeelhvcly, from an Apprehenlion, that they h.kllliujj
upon a koi k. 1 litre arc tome otiicr liUniis in tiic Nugp.-
bourhood ot tins, well peopled, anil well planted, iibouiiu-
ing Willi excellent Pruits, elpeciaily of tiie Melon Kiml,
Tliefc Illands he, as it were, on the Confines of die .Souihen
Contment, and the Kaji Indies , (o that their Iiilianunti
enjoy all the Advantages relulting from their own lujipy
Chniaie, and from theii Tralfick with their Ndgiiboii;),
cipccially with thofc ol J'eriiale oikI ^mi/oyna -, wHocouk
thither yearly topurchalc their CommcKiities, aiulwjioarc
likewile viiited, at certaui .Scalbns, by the People ul thtic
Illands in their Turn.

19. On the lijtli ot A/iiy, in the Latitude of 26 .Soutii,
and ui the Longitihfe ot t^y' /;■,, wc oblcrvnl iiic\>
riation to be 5' jo Lall, Wc were now arii\til at ii;
Wtlltrii I'.xtretiuty ol New Gniniy, which is a littf.h-.d
Point, or Promuntory thougli it is not markcil lo even
\n the lattll Maps;. Here wo met witii C.iliiis, v.imt;l!
and contrary W iikIs, with much Rain : Ituin ilie;\c v-:
lleered tor Crrani, having the Cape on the N(«h, md
arnvrtl lately on that Iiland : By this time Captain 7/1.11.1.1
h.id fairly furroundcd tiie Continent he wa.s iiiflnicirti w
dilirover i and hai.1 ilierctore nothing now lartherin Vieu
than to return to tidiaiut, in order to report tlic Diieo-
verits he had made.

On the 17th ot .Wn, wc paffed through the .Stnigha
of Boura, or Bcuien, and continual txir Paliai;e to S^-
lavia ; where we arrived on the 1 -,th of June, n; tlie la-
titude of 612' South, and in rhe LAingitude oi 127 m'.
This \'oy ij^e was made iji the Space ot rca Montlu. Sji'Ii
was theb.nd ot th;stxpedition, which has been .Jwaysa .
fideral as the clranft, and inoft eact, that was fvfi"
maiie, tor the Difcovery ot tlu: 'ierra Atiflraits Incoimu;
from whence tliat Clurt or Map was laid down in tii'
Pavement ot tht Stadt-houfe .U .hnjierdiim, as is Ivi i.
mentioneil. Wc liave now nothing to do, but to ihiit up
this Voyage, and our Hillory ot Cirtum-iuv igator.-, «:'ii
a tew Remarks ; prcvi.ius to wmch, it will be rrquiiite ;'
Hate clearly and luccmCtly the Dikovcrii s, eiiiier nia.lc ot
conlinned by Cajitain Ta/huiii's Voyage, tlut t!ie Iin-
fxirtancc of it may fully ap|x-ar, as wtll as the IViiiiltiliO'
of our Conjefturcs, with regard to the iNKitivu tli"« i"'
duced tile Dutch J-Mji India Company to be at lij niJ^i
P.uns about theic l^ilcovenefl.

20. In the hril place, tiKn, it is mofl evident, Ironi
Ca}Hain Tajmnn'i Voyage, that /\lno Gmney, CarftnU!'!",
New Uollaud, Autoity van Dicmoi's Laud, and tlie U"'''
tries dilcovcred by dt 'Jutrau nvike all one Contincn!,

' ^^ trt3i

' r

Chap I.

Cii plain AbeI Jansen Tasman.

3?t

, tu Afrka, .is this, ot wliirh wc- an: now Ipcakmt;,
' to /Iiiitriui. Tins Contitunt reaches truin

,m whitli ^^'M' ^^/""'^ ''^""' 'o '^ Icparatcii by a
VKciplit i ami, pcriiaps, is I'ari ut" aiu-ilur Loiuineiit, an-

'■fquino«:lialto4+''ot South latitude, and txtciuls trom
I'V to '!*''"' *'^"^>'''"^'^'' '"'''*'"K 'ntl<-<'i* i» very la:gc
c'l'mtry, but notlimj^ like what de i^uim imagimil -,
■,vli lifliiw- how u„nt;i.rou.'. a thing it is to trull too much
to limjii:iiri- in 'i'-'> i'omts as thclV, It is, li.cuinily,
ublavabk', tli.it as Niiv Cu;"ey, Carpentaria, ami Niw
ll'iiiM, \ud b.cn a.aa.ly praty wtil ixainincil, Captain
i;\;f,„MU\k\u\ c'tly to laf .ioutll Hi ilicit ; lo that his tirll Dif-
cJviry w.ii^'<"' DiiMtns / in.l, the r.i. !■ Sui.tritrn I'ait ol
th. Contiiui.t tin tins Side theCiinKi aid then, palling
uini h)' Nrd> ZdanJ, lie plainly d.<i'oVirc.. the uppulitc
Siiicof that Cuimtry towards .'Imerua, thciigii lie viuted the
lawlb e'.ly 1 and never Kll in aj^ain witii the Contaiei t,
til! ht arrival onthcCoail ot New Bittain, which he i.iil-
took for that ot New Gu:my ; . s ne viry well might, tiiat
Country having; never been li/rpi.eled to be an lllanci, nil
Aiwfe''' '^'''^^"vercd it to be lueli in the Ikginn.ng ot tnc
pR'.iiit Century. Thirdly, by this ."survey, thelc Coun-
incs are tor ever marked out, lb long as the Map, or Me-
nwry otthis Voyage, lliall remain. 1 hi: Dutch hi'Ji ln.,ia

Part of Terra yfuflralis, or Southern Country, has been
tully and certainly difcovered. To prevent, however, the
Reader's niakmg any Miftake, I will take this Oppor-
tunity ot laying before him Ibme Remarks on the whole
Southern Memifpherei whirh will enable him immediately
to eomprehend all that I have afterwards to fay on this
Subject.

It we fuppofe the South Pole to be the Centre of a
Chart Ol v>hich the Ftiumodial is the Circumference,
we (hall then difcern (our Qiiartcrs j of the Contcnis
ot which, ii we could ijivc a full Account, this Part
ot the World would be p le-dly difcovered. To
begin then with the fnft of thefe, that is, from the
tirit Meridian, placed in the Ifland of Fero : Wiui'.n thisDi-
vifion, tiiat is to fay, trom the firft to the ninctietli Degree
of Long.tuctc, there lies the great Continent of Jfrica ;
the molt Southern Point of which is the Cape of Gcod
Hope, lying in the I,.-ititude of 3+° 15' South: Between
that and the I'ole, fever.il fmall, but very inconfidcrable
Mands, hiive been difcovered, affording us only this De-
gree of Certainty, that, to the I.atitude of 50", there is
no Lanil to be found of any Confequcnce. There was
indeed a NOyage made by Mr. Bozet, in the Year 1738,
on purpole to dilcover, whether there were any Lands to
umpany have it always in ihcir Power to direct Settle- the South in that Qiiarier or not. This Gentleman failed

nicnts, or new Difeovcrits, either in NriO Guiney, Irom the
W.actas, or in New Holland, from Batavia oircctiy. 1 he
rraltnct Ihtwn in the Condui^t of this Affair, deferves
[iic higiicft Praifc. To have attempted heretofore, or
even nuw, the eftablifhing Colonies in thole Countries,
wuuki be iinp>)litic, becaufe it would be grafping more
than the Eaji I»Ma Company, or than even the RejHiblic
of IhilanJ, could manage : Por, in the firll place, to
reduce a Continent, between three and four thoufand Miles
broad, is a prodigious Undertaking ; and to fettle it by
degrees, would lie to open, to all the World, the Importance
c! that Country, wnieh, for any thing we can tell, may
be much Tuptrior to any Country yet known. Tiie only
Choice thcrclorc that the Dutch hatl left, was to refi rvc
this mighty Dilcover/ till the Scalbn arrived, in which
iky Ihoukl be either obliged by NeceDity, or invited by
Cccafion, to make ufe of it. But though this Country be
rclerved, it is no longer cither unknown or ncglcfted by
the Dutch, which is a l\jint of very great Confequence.
To the other N atiuns xjf Z'.'«r'-/>(r, the Southern Continent
isa Chimera, a Thing ;n the Clouds, or at Icaft a Country
about which there are a thouland Doubts and Sufpicions •, lo
that to talk ofdilcovering or Icttling it, muft be regarded
oi an idle and empty Pr)jccl : But, with refpcct to them,
it li a thing perteeHly well known ; its Extent, its
Boundaries, its Situation, the Genius of its leveral Na-

trom Port r Orient July the i8th, 1738 i and, on the ill
of January 1739, difcovered a Country, the Coafts of
which were covered with Ice, in the Latitude of 54° South,
and in the Longitude of 28° 30' -, the Variation of the Corn-
pats being tlieie 6 D. grees 4.'; Minutes to the W'cfl.

In the next Qiiarter, that is to lay, from 90 Longitude
to 180 , lie the Countries of which we have been fpeak-
ing •, cr that large Southern Ifland, extending from the
Equinoctial to the Latitude of 43 le, and the longi-
tude of 167 55 , which is the Extremity of Fan Diemen's
Land.

In the third Qiiarter, that is, from the Longitude of
lijo to 170% there is very little difcovered with any Cer-
tainty. Captain Tafmnn, indeed, vifitcd the Coaft of A'i?w
Zeland, in the Latitiule of 42° 10' South, and in the
Lx)ngitude of 188^ 28 : But belides this, and the Iflands
of Amjlerdam and Rotterdam, we know very little ; and
therefore, if there be any Doubts about the Reality of the
Terra Jujlralis, it muft be with rcfpeft to that Part of it
which lies within this Quarter, through which Schovten and
le Make failed, but without difcovering any thing more
than a few fmall Iflamls.

The fourth and lall Quarter is from 2 70° of Longitude
to the hrlt Meridian; within which lies the Continent of
South America, and the Ifland of Terra del fiiego -, the

moft Southern Promonto,/ of which is fuppoled to be

t:ons, and the Commodities ot which they arc jX)fldTcd, Cape Home; which, accoreling to the bell Obfervations, is

.-c abfolutely within thoir Cognizance; lb that they are at in the latitude of /;6°, licyond which there has been no-

Uitrty to take luch Mtafures as apjiear to them \xi\, for thing with any Degree ot Certainty difcovered on this

licurinij the eventual Poifeirion of^ this Country, when- Side.

ever they diink ht. This Account exjilains at once all the On the Whole, therefore, it appears, there are three

Mylterics which the belt Writers upon this Subieit have Continents already tolerably difcovered, which point to

fuuiid m the Dutch Proceedings. It thews why they h.ive wants the South Pole ; and therefore 'tis very probibh

Ixen J! fo much i'ains to obtain a clear and ditlinft .Survey
of thele dilfant Countries ; why they have hitherto torliorn
fctthng, and why they take lb much Pains to prevent other
Natioas from connng at a diftin,a Knowledge of them :
And 1 may .idd to this another Particular ; which is, that
it accounts tor their permitting the Natives ot ylmboyn.!,
wliu are their .'>ui)jeLts, to carry on a Trade to New Guiney,
ir,d thcaeijatent Countries ; fince, by this very Method,
It IS apparent, that they gain daily trelh Intelligence, as to
the I'ruduct ami Coinmotlities of thofe Countries. I laving
laus explained the Confequence of Captain Tapnan\
\eyage, and thereby tully jutliticd my giving it a Place
in thb Part ot my Work, i am now at Liberty to purine
ihtReftcdions with which I promilcdto clofe this .Sei.'tion,
5 d the Hiftoi-y ot Cii cum- navigators ; and, in doing
wiuih, 1 lliall endeavour to make the Reader fenfible of
the Advantau;es that arile trom publifliing ihefe Voyages in
IheirproiKT Order, lb as to tliew what is, and what is yet,
to be difeovned i,f the (ilobe on which we live
2 " " '

there is a fourth, which if there be, it mull lie bctweeu
the Country of New Zeland, difcovered by Captain Taf-
man, and that CTountry which was feen by Captain Sbarpe
and Mr. It^afer in the South Seas ; to which Land there-
tore, and no other, the Title of Terra Jujiralis Incognita
properly Ix'longs. Leaving this, therefore, to the Induflry
of tuture Ages to dilcover, we will now n turn to that great
Southern Ifland, which Captain 'rrt/ww/afluallyfurrounded,
anil the Bounds of which are tolerably well known.

In order to give the Reader a proper Liea of the Im-
portance of this Country, it will tie requifuc to f.iy fcjine-
thing of theClimates in'which it is fnuatcd : As it lies trom
the Equino<ftial to near the 1 .atitueie ot 44 ', the longell Day
in the moft Northern Parts mull be twelve Hours, and in
the Southern about fifteen Hours, or Ibmewhat more > lb
that it extends from the fn ll to the llventh Climate, which
flu ws Its Situation to be t'le happieft in the World ; the
Country called Fan Diemen' s 1 .and rclembling in all relf)eas
the South of France. As there an in all Countries Ibme

In IJKaking of the Confequnu rs ot Captain Taf- Parts more pleafanr than others, lb there feems good Rea-
"m'i, Voyage, it 1ms been very amply lliewn, that this ton to believe, that within twj or three Degrees of the

\i Tl r"-^?'";

■i:

■m

T^; -1'

33^

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

1, 1

■ii i «

- '

'vA

',{ ' [

mi •

a >'■ ■ 'i i

Tropic of Capricorn, which paflfs through the Midft of
Nrjf Hel'iiuJ, is the moft unwhc "t me aiid difagrceabic
l'.in ot this Country ; the Rcaiisn ot which is very plain :
For in tiiofe Parts it muft be exccdivcly hot, much more
fo than undiT the Line itfelt', liiice the Days anil Ni(j;hts are
there always equal ; whereas, within three or four Degrees
of the Troi'ic ot Capricorn, that is to fay, in the Laftuiic
of 27' iiouth, die Days are thirteen I lours and a half long •,
and the Sun is twice in their Zenith, firlt in the Beginning
ot Deamlcr, or rather in the latter I'.nd ot Nevfmher -, ami
again when it returns back, which oecafions a burning Heat
for about two Montlis, or Ibmcthing more ; whereas, ei-
ther tarther to the South, or nearer to the Line, the Cli-
mate mull be equally whollome and pleafant.

As to the IVudud and ConimcKiities of this Country in
general, there is the greatell Kealbn in the World to Ix:-
lieve, that they are extremely iiih and valuable, liecaufe the
richeft and finell Countries in the known World he all ot
them within the fame Latitude. But to return trom Con-
jectures to Faif^s • I'he Country diliovered by d( i^iros,
makes a Part of this great Ifland, and is the oppolite Coail
to that of Cttrp<nt:iria. This Country, of which we have
given a large Account in the tenth Scdion, the Uifeovercr
calleil la .lujiralia del kfpirtlu Santo, in the Latiiuiic of
15 40' South i and, as he rejxjrts, it abounds with Gold,
Silver, Pearl, Nutmegs, Mace, (dinger, and Sugar-canes,
of an extraordinary Size 1 do not wonder, that formerly
the Fad might be doubted, but at prefent 1 ihink there is
fuRicient Rcalbn to iniluce us to believe it : i-v.r Captain
Danpier dcfcrilKs the Country about Cape St. George and
Port Msuniafrue, wiiicii are withir 9 ot the Country dc-
feribcti by Je }^iro3 ; I lay, Cuptiin Dampier delcribcs
what he law in the tollowing Words : ' The Country

• hereabouts is mountainous and woody, full of rich Val-

• leys, and pleafant trclh-water Brooks -, the Mould in the
' Vallies is deep and ycllowifh, that on the Sides of the
' Hills of a very brown Colour, and not vjry deep, but
' roiky underneath ; yet excellent planting Lami } tlic
« Trees in general are nether very llrait, thick, nor tall ; yet
' appeo. _,.- ii and pleafant enough : Some of them bear
' Flowers, fome Berries, and others big Fruits, but all un-

• known to any of us -, Cocoa-nut-trees thrive very well

• here, as well on the Bays by the Sea- fide, as more remote

• among the Plantations. The Nuts are of an indifferent
' Size, the Milk and Kernel very thii k aiui pleafiint. Here

• are Ginger, Yams, and other \ cry good Roots for the
' Put, that our Men law and tailed -, what other Fruits or

• R(H)ts the Country affords, I know not. 1 lere arc Hogs

• ami DogSi other Land Animals we law none •, the Fowls

• wc law and knew were Pigeons, Parrots, Cocadores, and

• Crows, like thofe in England ; a fort of Birds about the
' Bi^r.cis of a Black-bird, and fmaller Birds many. I'hc
' Sea and Rivers have Plenty ot Filh -, we law abundance,

• though we catched but few ; .ind thcfe were Cavallies,

• Yellow-tails, and Whip-wreys.'

'i'his Account is grounded only on a very flight View,
whereas de i^iros relidcd for fome time in the Place he has
mentioned. In another Place Captain Da-tiier obferves,
that he law Nutmegs aniongft them, which teemed to be
frelh-gathcrcd ; ail which agrees perfetlly with the Account
given by de ^troi. Add to this, that Stho-ctm had hke-
wife obferveii, that they had Ginger ujwn this Coatl, and
fome other Spices •, fotlut, on the Whole, there feems not
the leall Realun to doubt, that if any i'ai t of this Country
was fettled, it mull be attended with a very rich Commerce :
For it cannot be fuj poled, that all thcfe Writers ftiould be
cither inillaken, or that they fliould concur in a Delign to
impolc ujjon their Reailcrs ; which is the lefs to be fu-
fpcJted, if we conlider how well their Reports agree with
the Situation of the Country ; and tlut the 1 rets on the
Land, ajul the Filh on the Coall, correl[)onding exactly
with the Trees of thole Countries, and the lilh (^n the
Coalls, where thefe Commodities are known to abound
within-land, fcem to intiiiute a ptrfed Conloimity throupJj-
out.

The Mxt Thing to lie confidered is, the PolTibility of
pLmting in this Part of the World ; which, at tirft Sigtit, I
mull confcfs, feems to be attcmici with confiderable DilH-
ciiJties with rcfpc<^t to every other Nation excej;t the Dutch,

who, either from Batcma, the Mehiccns, or rvrn from tl •
Cape of Good Hope, might with l"ai;> fettle thptniclv,!
where-ever they thought tit. As, however, they haveit.-
leftcd this for abo>'e a Century, there feein'i to k no Re"
fon, why their Condud in this refptft llioulii liccdnif tC
Rule of other Nations \ or why any other Nation flu u\i
be .npprehenlive of dntwing on herfelf the j)i(pl(.,,ii,/, ,'j
the Dutch, by eiide.ivouring to turn to tiieir Benefit, Uni,.
tries the Dutch have fo long fulfered to lie, witi, 'iKcit
Europe, wafte and defert.

The firit Point, with refpeft to a Difcovt ry, would K
to fend a fmall Squadron on the Coatl of Ian Dicim']
hind, and from thence round, in the fmie Courfe ukin
by Captain Tafmnn, by the Coatl uf Si :y Guinn ; whi-h
might enable the Nations that attempted it, to come to ;ui
abtblute Certainly with regard to its Commodities ,inil Com-
merce. Such a Voyage as this might be peiiormnUitii
very great F ali-, and at a fmall Fx|ience, by dur Eajl h-^s
Company, and this in the Space of ci[',ht or nine ^V,n',x,
time •, and, confideriiig what mighry Advant.ii; s ni"I,t :^.
crue to the Nation, there feems to be nothing li.nrlli nr im-
probable, in l(ipjx)liiig that, fome time or other, w!m; the
Legiflaiure i^ more than ufually intent on Aflairs of C>n ■
mercc, they may l* liiredted to make futh an li.\[,ei:.ti.ji
at the F.xpence of the Public. By this means ,ill the bad;
Coatl ot Sew Hilland, and Nr.v Guinci, m,^\\i bf tlii^
roughly examined •, and we might know as •.veil, .ml ,.,
certainly, as the Dutch, how lar a Colony littlut th ■■
might anfwer our F'.XjX'^t aliens. One Thing is cen.ir,
that to Pcrfoiis uicA to the Navigation of the Miis, fuch :t
F.xpedition could not be thought either dangerous or i!;!'-
cult •, becaule it is already IliHiciently known, tliit there j:'
cvery-where inandsup)n the Coatl, where Ships, uixinliicli
a Difcovcry, might be fure to meet with RdrellinuntSi i-,
is plain from Commotlorc Koggrwein's Voyage, maii^ !:•
tic more than twenty Years ago.

The only Difficulty that I can fee, would lie the gmirg
a fair and honeft Account of this F.xjKHiition, when mail, ;
for private Intereft is fo apt to intertere, ind grt the bet;: .
of the public Service, that it is very hard to Iv fure ota y
thing of this fort. That 1 may not lie fufixcted ota.:)-
Intent to calumniate, I thall put the Reader in niinlr;
two Inftances : 'I'he firtl is, as to the new Traile wk
RuJJia, for cftablilhing of which an Ae't of P.irli:inii:r,tw:<,
with great Difficulty obtained, though vifibly tor tlic .\ '
vantage of the Nation : The other Inftaiircis, the Voy;,'
of Captain Middltton, for the Difcovery of a Nortli-wcr
I'alTagc into the Sraith Seas -, which is ended by x very wrn
Difputc, whether that PalTagelie found or not, the I'lrlL".
fuppoled to have found it maintaining the Negative.

Whenever, therefore, fuch an F^xpcdition is umlerrjkr,
it ought to b<- uniier the Direction, not only of a re'iia
of Parts an<l fcjtpericnce, hut of unfpotted Char.c:;:,
who, on his Return, (hould be obliged to dehver his Jcur-
nal U|)on Oath -, and the principal Officers under him Ihnt:! I
like wife be direi^tcd to keep tneir Journals dilhr;ftly, ri
without their being infpedted by the principal Officer ; i!!
which Journals ought to be publifhed by Authority as fon
as rccciveti, that every Man might Ix- at I.ilx-rty toexnii-'
them, and deliver his Thoughts as to the Difioveries na. ■,
or the Impediments luggefled to h.ive hintiered or preverrfd
fuch Difcoveries -, by which means the Public would br Iot
to obtain a full and ditlindt Account of the Matter. .An!
it woulil thence immediately appear, whether it woukl he
expedient to profecuie die l)elign or not.

But if It Ihould \x thought too bunlenfome for a Con;-
pany in lo fiourillung a Condition, and confequently r-
gaged in fo txtcnlive a Commerce as the Ei'ft iK.iia Cv.x-
paiiy is, to undeitiike fuch an Fxjicdition, merely to 1-rv
the Public, promote the Exportation of our ManutiCt.-rr ,
and increaic tiie Number ot indulfrious Perf his, who r.r-
maintained by foreign Trade. It this, I fay, ihoul.i b-
thought too grievous tor a Company, that has punh-i!''
her Privileges from the Public, by a la'gc lx).tn at 1<j^
Intcretl, thcrc«can certainly be no Objc^ion to the [it'int;
this Project into the Hands ot the Royal /I/man lom-
pany, who arc not quite in fo llouriflimg a Condiii'in-
'I'hey liavf etjual Oppoitunities for undertaking it, li'''-'^
the Voyage miglu be with iiuich liaf; performed liom ^^"'

bettleiiu'.-'s

Chap. I. Captain Abrl Jansen Ta

S-itlcnvntJ in ten Months \ anil if the Trade was fount!
miniwer. it niigiit encourage the fctthng a Colony at Ma-

ran

lyoiilwer, p- ,. ,•■,,,. ■ 1 " • 1 1 ' ,1

jjwAJS '" •''"'' •'■'''" '*'^ '" '"'R'"' *"'" ""^ greatcit

Coi'ivciuciKy, carry on the 'J'rade to Ntw Guiney. 1 can-
„ut lay h(jw tar (uch a Trade might be confiltent witli rhcir
irtllnc Charter j Imt if it Ihould be found ailvantagcous to
lie I'ublic, ami buicficial to the Company, I think tlicre
■on bt no Utalon alfigncd, wliy it Ihnuld not be fecurcd
10 tiicni, .iiKJ that too in the moll cffcrtual manner.

\ very mull I'logrcfs in it would rcllor: die Ki-putation
d the Coiiipaiiy, and in time, perhaps, free- rhe Natiun
f.um tlie aaiuul J\xpence fhe is now at, for the Support of
tk- Forti .1,1.1 ('iarifons l)clonpiiig to tiiat Conip.iiiy on the
L'ujils"' .ifiica; wliich would alone prove of great and
l,!i;iKiliJtc Service, both to the Public, and to the Coni-
ijriy: 1" '•'y ''"^ I"rutli, fomething of this Sort is ablo-
jij; Iv niceluiiy to vindicate the Expeiice the Nation is at -,
, (..'ithc lt.i>if, for the Carrying on of which a Coiii-
iiny is li-alilillKii, proves, by a Change of Circumftancis,
,__^jpal.lc (if fiipporting that Company, anil thereby brings
i Lna>l upoii the I'ublic, this ought to be a Motive, it
wrhu united, to be the ilrongell Motive, for that Com-
luny to eiultavour tlie Extenfion of its Commerce, or the
linking "ur, if poilible, Ibine new Branch of Trade, which
may rcllure it to its former Splendor ; and in this as it
imii an Ji'p.uent Right, lb there is not the lealf Kealbn to
laiiiit, tiiat it wo'jld meet with all the Countenance and
Afaibiiic Iroin tlie (iovcrnment, that it could rcalbnably
txjicct or liefire.

ll" Inch a Defign fhould ever be attempted, perhaps the
lund of Sciv hntiiin might be the propereft Place for
them tu fettle. As to the Situation, b'-xtent, and prefent
Condition of that Ifland, all that can be faid of it muft be
taken Irom the Account given by its Dilcoverer Captain
T-cmpicr; which, in tew Word.s, amounts to this : ' The
' lOaml which I cill Nova HrititHitia, has about 4" of l,a-
' tituJi', the Body of it lying in 4", the Northermoft
' I'ait ii. 2' ,^0', anil tiie Southermoll in G< ;)o'. It lus
' about 5 ' 1 " Longitude from liaft to Well j it is gcne-
' rally high mountainous I,antl, niixcil with large Valleys
' v.liich, as well as the Mountains, appeared very fertile;
' an; 1:1 moll I'laCvS that wc faw, the I'rees are very large,
' tail, and tiiiek. It is alio very well inhabited, with
' iVcnj; vt II liiiibcd Negroes, whom we found vciy dare-
' irj and Iwld at feveral Places : As to the Protludt of it,
' ;; 1^ vrry prolwlile, this Ifland may alVord as many rich
' Co:nmaiitics as any in the World •, and the Natives may
' \x cafiiy brought to Commerce, though I could not prc-
' tir.d to it in my Circumllances.' If any Objedions
I!;oLKi be railed from Dampter's Misfortune in that
\oy.-.gc, it is cafy to fliew, that it ought to have no
irar.n T of Wiight whatever, fince, though he was an cx-
(iLuit I'llct, lie is alloweil to have been but a bad Com-
nundir : Bcfiiles the Roehuik, in which, he failed, was a
*:)rn-(Hit Frigate, that would hardly fwim -, and it is no
i;ri a: Wonder, th.it in lb cra/y a VelVel the People wire
1 littk- inii'atient at being Abroad on Difcovenes : Yet,
.v:;r all, he ixrlormed what he was lent for ; and, by the
Dilvovcry of tliii lilaiid ot New Britain, f .-cured us an in-
1: liullc Ki^ht to a Country, that is, or might be m.uic,
v::y valuahk'.

^ It !•. lo litiiated, that a great Trade might be carricil on
:r.:n thcnec throiij'Ji the whole Itrra .luJiniUs on one Side,
J..1 the mod valuable Illands of the /.<;_/? Jmlia on the
w.r. Inlhort, .dl, or at leall: molt, of the Advantages
[■ ;.<i|;-,l (,v ihf r):in-ib l^ejl /W;Vj Company's joining with
ivs E4 W(J Company, of which a large Account has
i.r3ly bcin given, inijrht be procured for this Nation, by
'adtabhUiing a Colony in this Illantl of AVw Britain, and
•■eeringtli!; 1 raJc of that Colony to the /Ifrican Company
^ Ijw; the very padlng of which l.aw would give the
^"npany iiktc tli.m liirtiiicnt Credit, to tit out a Squadron
-"!!.,, ca^iabl'- i lauring th<- Polfellion of that Illaiul,
>n- i-i giving 111,; Public fueh Satisf.ieHion as to its Im-
prtaiKe, as might Ix- rcquilitc to obtain turthei Power ami
AiLltance hum the State, it that Ihoiild be found neceflary.

■ W'l dd W very ealy to point out fome Advantages pecu-

be time

Comjjany

'J-

!arl

ii, lonviiiKnt lor that Company ; but it will
■°"Sh to think of thtfe, whenever the .Ifriian

.Nt.\lll. • ' ■"

S MAN. 33^

fliall diCcovcr an Inclination to profecutc tiii; Defign. At
prelent I have done what I jiropofed, and have fnewn, that
fiich a Colledtion of Voyages as this, ciignt not to he con-
fidered as a Work of mere Amufemcnt, but as a Work
calculated tor the Benefit of Mankind in general, and of
this Nation in particular, which it is the Huty of every
Man to promote in his Station \ and whatever 1-ate thefc
Ketleitions may meet with, 1 Ihall have always the Satit-
\it\\on of remcmbring, that I have not neglcfted it in
mine, but have taken the utmoft Pains to turn a Courfe of
laborious Reading to the Ativrjuage of iny Country.

But, fuppofing that neither of thcfe Companies ftioulJ
tiiink it expedient, or, in other Words, llioiild not think
it conliflent with their Intereft, to attempt this Difcovery,
there is yet a third Company, within the Spirit of whole
Cl'.arter, I humbly conceive, the Profecution of fuch a
Sthenic immediately lies. The Reader will eafily dif-
cern, that I mean the Company f jr c.rrying on a Trade
to the South Seas, who, notwithftanding the Extcnfive-
ncfs of their Charter, confirmed and fupported by Autho-
rity of Parliament, have not, fo fir ns my Information
reaches, ever attempted to fend fo much as a lingle Ship
for the lake of Difcoveri'S into the South Seas, which,
howiver, was fhe great Point propofed when this Com-
pany was tirll edablilhcd. In order to prove this, I need
ciily I ly before the Reader the Limi's al7igi;ed that Com-
pany by th..ir Charter, the .' ubllanee ot which is contained
m the following Words.

' TheCorpomtion, and tiieirSucceflbr', (lull, for ever, be

• veiled in the fole Trade into and from all the Kingdoms
' and Lands on the Eaft Side of Ameririt, from tlic River
' OrooKoco, to the Southermoft Part of Tartt dd Fuego, and

* on the Weft Side thereof from the faid Southermoll Part of
' Terra del Fut'go, thro' the South Sea, to the Northcrmoft
' Part of ^7wmtrt,and into and thro' all the Countries, Idands,
' aiul Places within the laid Limits, which are reputed to be-
' long to Spain, or which fhall hereafter be found out and
' liifcovcred within the Limits aforef.iid, not exceeding
' •?oo Leagues from the Continent o( America, between the
' Southermcft Part ot the Terra del Ftiego anil the North-
' crmolt Part of America, on tlie laid Weft Siiic thereof,
' except the Kingdom oi Br aft I, and fuch other Places on
' the L.alt Side of America, as arc now in the PotrefTion of
' the King of Portugal, and the Country of Suriiinm, in
' the PofleirKin of the .States General. The faid Con'pany,
' and none elfc, are to trade within the faid Limits ; and,
' if any other Peifons fhall trade to the South Seas, they
' Ihall Ibrtcit the Ship and Good?, and double Value, one-
' fourth Part to the Crown, anil another fourth Part to the
' Profccutor, and the other two-fourths to tlie Ule of the
' Company. And the Company fliall be the Ible Owners
' of the Illands, Forts, £^c which they fliall difcover within
' the faid Limits, to be held of the Crown, under an an-
' nual Rent of an Ounce of Ciold, and of all Ships taken
' as Prizes by the Ships of the fiid Company : And the
' Compar.y may fiize, by Force of Arms, all other Britijh
' Ships trading in thole Seas.'

It is, I think, impolTible for any Man to imagine, that
either thefj 1 .imits fhould be fiscured to the Company
tor no Purpole in the World ; or that thefe Prohibitions and
Penalties Ihould take place, notwithftanding the Company's
never attempting to make any Ufe of thefe Powers : From
whence I infer, that it was the Intent of the Legiflature , that
new Dili:overies fhould be made, new Plant.itions fettled,
and a new Trade carried on, by this new Corporation,
agreeable to the Rules prefcribed, and for the gencial Be-
nefit of this Nation -, which, I apprehend, was chiefly con-
fidered in the providing, that this new Comir.erce ihoulJ
be put under the Management of a p.irticul ir Company.
But I am very well aware of an Objedion tiiat may be made
to what I h.ive advanced ; viz. that, from my own fliew-
ing, this Southern Continent lies ablblutely without their
lamits ; and that there is alio a Provilb in the Charter of
that Company, that feems particularly calculated to exclude
it, lincc it recites. That

' The Agents of the Company fliall not fail beyond the

' Southermoll Parts of Terra del l-'uego, excep: through

' the Streights oi' Magellan, or round ierra del Ftiego \ nor

' go from thence to any Part of the Enjl Indies, nor return

4Q 'to

'mi

.ill

r rr,

■I -Ml

.1 ■ ^ ■ ■

'■ . ' »; ■

' I

* ■■ , i

!"••».? -:

E '. '

' ' >') ■

» ■ ;

354

//;,. VOYAGES of

Book I.

' to (he.!/ nhtairt, or .inv Port or I'Luf, unlcii tlirou|!;l> t<i Ik- {y^tormnl nr oiur, nnd wirh a romprtrnt For.

' tiK- Uul Mroglits, or by Ifrra dtl Fuf^o : Nor (Iwll tluy liner, witlioiit tioiibt, thr ^pantards wouki leave no Mar,!

' tr.iac m /■..;// hi.h.t (loods or in .117 I'laas witlun tlv unalti-mj>tril to .lilix.n.li tlu'in : Yet, it a pwi Kortitin

• l,iniit. L,rantal t.. thr uiutcil Company ot Merchant* ot tion w.« once raitnl, the \'Mv% properly u-trrncheil, anj

♦ £»;^(';«<ytraJiiimoiv.^i /«.//.« lucli ;»./».< l-oiHlsexceptcil, aCarifon lett then; ot l)etw<-cn < ami /^oo Men, it -*,n,;|j
« as 'lli.iil Ik- adually cxportca Irom dual HnlMu, and alio Ik- limply imix.Hible lor tju- Spaniards to tortv them out 01

* Hull (ioKI, SiUci , wrot:[;IU I'lau, ami otiuT CukxIs ami it Ix-lorc the .Arrival ot anotlier Sqinilron trnm licmT, N
are tlic I'riKiucc, (.rowtli or Maiiu

U();nniiHJities, wiiuU ,

taaiiits ot ilio II (ji buiics, or Continent ol .■imcrmi):
Niithtr Hull tluy ltqJl>hips or ul'c them, or any Vdlel,
witliin the .Soutli Sia<, lioni -Ifna iidl-Uf^o to tiie North-
trm 4\ Parts ot./wiTi.vi, alove joo l.otgiKS to the \V<ll
ward of, and iliHai.t from, tlie Uir.d of C^'"''. ^''■'■''•
McxHO, Ci.'.'ir«;„', or any otiicr the Lands or .shores ot
Southern or Norths rii .Imeruj, between imn del i uf^o

ther do I lire any Kealon, why, in the Spac ot a v.nMcv
Year'!, the I'iantatio'i of this lllaiu! Ihould not prove mj,
great C(nifequence to flu- Sovtb S<.i Company, as tlutDi
Cui<Kii9 to the Diitih l^cji India Company, wh'- raiii- r
lets than 60.000 l-'iorins per .iKiium for liccnrmj; Ship? to
trade there.

l-rom 'Juitn l'erni;»dfz to I'lin l)itinfn'i f.nKd'i^ mt abov
two Months Sail ; and a \'oy.i^!;r lor Difeovcry rrigtit Ix

and tlie Nortiicrmoll I'.irt of Jmoua, on I'.uii ot tlie very eonvriiiently m uU- Ixrtwaii the 'I'inif that a .S<]!niri

l-'orttiti;re ot thi- Ships and (iixxls ■, one-third to tin
' Crown, .uid the otlur two-thirds to the £>!// Wm Coni-

' paiiy-'

But the K a ler will ohierve, that I mentioned the taji
IndJj and .ifiiutn C on-iunies Uiore •, ,ind that I now men-
tion the Snutb .Vc; Company, 0:1 a Siipjwliiion, that the
two former may ntulc it. In tli.it Cale, i prelu:iie, tiie
Lepillatiire wili nuke th.- lame Dilhiwbon tliat the St.ite.s
of Jlt'.'jiid did, and not luiVa the private .Aiivantaj^e ol any
jiariiiular Comp.my to Hand in Competition witli tlie (ickxI
of a wiiol'.' IVopli. It was upon tins I'lincipK- tliat I laid
it down ai a thing certain, that the///ir;ivjMComj>.iny would
l>e allowed to Icttle the Maud of M,idiiZ''Ju»\ tho' it lies

ruurned Irom y«ri« F(r»anc'i'r, and another Squaciron'.
.Arrival there from hence. It is triif, thir, if onrcicor-
(iderable Settlement was made in the nintl Soiithmi I'.irt ot
'Tfrrti .hjlrdln, the C ompany nii^lit then fall into ,i lir^r
Comnrercc in the moll vahi.iWe l-.nji fmiia (iood*, vir,
{M'oKibly (Jokl, and Spire* of all forts : Yrt I canno- rHirk,
that even thcfe would f.ill within the exelufive I'rovil'o m
their Chart( r -, for that was rert.iiniy intended to hii-.drrh ;•
tr.idmn in furh (hkkIs a% are broiipjit hither l-y oir /•.•,■
India C<iiinwny ; and I miift eonti Is I tee no Pur rtv ,
with rrlpei'l to the Intcn It of that Company, iKtwtc o.:
iiavini; Clove*, Cinnamon, and Mace, by the .'•Vw/Zi .Vci Com-
pany's Ships trom Jiiitn l-'ernandfz, and nurriceivinm'nT

within the Lin it.s ot the /.<;// India Comi'aiiy'sChaiter, in from /kliaitd, after the Diilcb F.ajl India Company's S';;s

cafe it Ihi.ul.l b- found iketiiaiy for the better tairyinj; on hav<- brought them thither by the Way of the C.ijc m

of this Trade. It is uj,(ii the f.-me rrimip'e I fay this Ccod Hope. Sure I .im they would C(jme tons Kiomrhy

Southern Continent lies witiiin t;ie Intention of the >culb Sea lome Month* by the Way of Ca]x* fhrne. If this Rcir-

Compny's Cluitei, Ixioule, I prdun-e, the Intent (rf in^ does not tati^fy I Voplc, but they Hill remain pcrla';',

that Charts was to grant ih:-in all the Commerce i" thol'e th.it the Scmh .SVrt Company ought not to intcrinrdilicw-.

Seaj, not octupi ul t-itore by liritijb Subjcdls ■, tor, it it the l-.t'Jl India 'I'rade at all, 1 delire to know, why ihf

were otlurwile, what a C( nuition flioiil.l wc be in as a Ma- // eji India Merchants arc allowed to impoit ColTir !:,:

litime I'owtr? it a drant dois not ollipe a Company to 'Jawiti.n, when it is well known, th.it the Ka^l} hdiaC^z

carry i.n a Trade within the Limits {;ranted to that Com- pany can liijiply the whole Pemanii of this Kingdom Irox

jany, and is, at the fimt time, of Force to prcciu.ie all the Mc.hr. ? If it Ix- anlwercd, that the Jamnica COflei' ro-r.,

Subjects ot this Nation liom the Right they bt-lore had to cluaper, and is tin (irowth of our own I'LintJtiops, I rc;'!y,

carry on a Trade within tl.olc Limits, liich a Law ispl.unly that theli.- Spues will not only be cheaper, Init hc:ter, :::!.

dcrtrudive to the Nation's Interell, and to Coiiimene m Iv purchafcd by our own Manut ttturrs ■, an.l tli.'l'.', 1 i:ii;'. .,
g.ner.il. I therefore fuppofe, that, if the .<^»«/ii .S,-.j Com-
pany Oiould think proper to revive their Tr.ade in the Man-
ner I propoi'.-, this Provifo wuiild. Ix- explained by I'arh.i
mei.t to mean 1.0 more, than excluding the^'ett/Zi Sea Conv
j.iiiy from lettlir,;; or tiadir.j; in or to any I'lace at preli nr

arc the rtron;>ell Keatbns that aw be given.

If it be demanded, what Certainty I h.-.v-, that Spc-
c.4n Iw luui trom thence, I anfwer, .ill the t ert.i;:-.ty thr,
m a tliini^ of this Namr.-, ciiii Ix- realonably ex;crttti : f.'
dinandde y^ire.i met with all Ibrts ot Spices in the Ci

Icttltd in, ortuucd to, by tlie J-.ajl India Com^uny : Kor, he dilcovered ; H'lHidm S,-'''Vli-n, and Jt'yes !' M

as tliis Iiitcrpntation would lnuie the iult Rights of both
Companies, an!, at t lie lame time, reconcile the l^iws tor
eilabiilhini; them to tiie •^enctid Intercll of Tr.ide and th ■
Naiiun, there is tlie i;reafell Reafoii to Ixlieve this to he
ihe Intention ot the l^-yilature. 1 have Ix-en oblit^ccl to
U'.liil fully upon this .Matter, Ixc.iule it is a Point hitherto
untouched, and a i'oint ol liich high Imix)rtance, that, un-
Jell it Ixr undert^ood acconii-.E; to my .Scute of the .Matter,
there is an l-"nd of .all 1 loix-s of extending our 'i'rade < n

(linger and Nutmei^s; f;> did Sampler; and thr .Aiivo:
ot Commodore Nt;^^t:veiii\ Vovag- alTerts, that thi if.'
lit.rj'ctUsof .!mho\nii jvirrhafe Niirmrgs t'nan the N.i:ivc.
ot Arc Ciiiney lor Hits ol Iron. .All therefore 1 ror;cr.!
tor IS, that thele Hits ot Iron may 1"* lent them fromOIi
t.n;iliind.

'I he Reafon I recommend fettling on th.- SnirhCciftfi
Tnra /luilralis, il this IVIign Ihould he prof'-riitai, fc
'Juan lemandez, rather than the Illand of .Vn? Br:!"r,

this Side, >viiich is jxriiiaps the only Side, on which there is whic h I mentioned Ixfore, is, beciiife that Coail is nrarci

the lead I'roba'iia'.y th.;t it ever can Ix: extended : 1-or, as
to il'.c North well I'alVage into the .South .Seas, that teems
t.'> \k block' '

and IS lituated in a Ixttcr and iilealamer C !i;i.ate. Rffii'f'
» ... -..11.

wliii h .Ad.vant.i

IS it was never hith;fro vifrr

up by ti,c Ki^'jits ot another Comj-any -, tc) the Dutch, they cannot, with any Colour ot julbi', ta^
tiiar, acccjrd.r.:; to tin; l.et!er ot our Laws, each Comp.any Umbrage at our atrem()ring liich a Settlement. Tofloir
Is to have it.s Rights, and the Nation m general no Right then this Subjcit, the Imixirtance of whicli alonr irrlircJ
•'f •'"• me to lixnd lo much of mine and the Rcidcr's Time ate

It :

It is mod evident, that, if llich a Settleirr-nt v,-3sm"
at Ju/tn Fernandez, proprr Maga/.ines ere^'ted, andao'.
Ilant Correfpondeiic e eltablilhed between that IHand aw. Cf
terra .Hlra/is, thcfe three Conlctiueni es mull a!ilu!'.;r :y

oiil.lheopf!'-".

If therefore the fettling; of this Tart of Terra .tujiralis
(liouU (kvolve on the Souib S,,, C ompany, by way ot I'xqui-
vaknt tor tlie l.ofs of their . Ijlicmo Ltmnd, there is no
|.,it of (.iuclli'.nbut It n-.it;ht b>- as wc,! ixriormed by them,

as by any ct.her, and the I'rade carried on, without inter- , _ ,

f.-iing with that, winch is at preknt carried on, either by tollow Iromtlu'nre: I. That a new Trade w

the F.ajl Itiiiia or .ijiuai: Companies. It wouki indeed, in which mult c.irry otf a p,reat Quantity of our (ioods r.'

tl.isCalc-, l5c alitolutely n.cell'ary to Itttlr Juan Fcrnamiez, Mmufaaures, that cannot, at prrlbnt, be brought 10 1''.'

the Settlement ol which flair, under the Direction ot that M.irkd, or, .it Icall, not to lo good a Market, .« n '•"'J'

Company, it tlit y coi.Id, .., vi ry probably they might, tall was a greater ncinand for them. II. It would v-v-^'^ '-'

into tome Share ot th-- Slave-trade Irom NrjuUuiney, muH Navigation, which is, at prelent, lb llrange, aiui con!:-

pro^'c wondirlully advantageous, conlidering the Upportu- quently lo terrible to us, cafy ami familiar 1 which n%'-

jury iney would li.:v.: o! vending thole Slaves to the Spani- Ix.- atremled with Advantages that cannot be tor- lien, d;"-

aids in Hit and Peru The icttling ot this Illand ought dally lince there is, a. i Ixtore oblti veJ. in all ProM^i f •

' ,' !i,-l

Chap.^- Captain A b f, t, J a ns e n T a s m a n. 33^

Mh-rSoiithiTMCnntiiinit, which is dill to Ik- (lirmvcral,
PI It \\u\M prcatly im realc our Shipping ;iiul our S.Mim-n,

I '.(I, irc ilie true ami natural Stringth ot this Country, tx-
1 'I'otirnivnl j'owcr, ami railc the Rc)nitation of this Na-
' "'. the moll liillint I'lolpi'dl ot wliiih is Itiirn icnt to warm
X" Soul ('!' any '^■'•'"' who has the Icalt \<v^axi\ for his
( '1 r.trv *"li Courage Uilhcii-nt todcl'inll' tlio Imputations
tlluiiiiv Iv tlirown iipon him as a vtlionary I'rojcrtor, for
,,ypn 10 much I'ains aK.iit an AlVair, that ran ttiul (o
litilcio his priv.irc Advaiiragr. \Vc will now aJti a f w
Woirs '.vith Tlj'cct to tlK- Aiivantagcs arifinp; from havmf,
-hus M llwi f'l^" ' '''*"''y "* t'iiami-navi<T,uors, from tliL-
tirli'.it Acioiitit ot Time to t!ic pril'cnt; ant! then Unit ii[)
tlV'wh' lie with another Scdion, containinp; the iail Cir-
ctrii-nwiu.ition hy Rtar-Ailmirai /.nfcn, wiiofc VoyaRc has
atblHhnvn, that, umlir a prop(r Ofliirr, En^'illj Sca-
mciLVC able to atchicvc as much as tlu y ever liiii ; antl
ttat IS OS nuich as was ever lionL- hy any Nation in tii/

Willi . , . , ,

It i^ a Point that has always admitt'd (.imp Dibup, whc-
th-rScifWC Ihnds more inilebrcd to .Sptculation or I'ra-
Ctin •; ir. in "''"■'' Words, wIk thcr the griatcr riifcovdics
|;mb;inmai!;-hy Men ol deep Study, or IVrfm'-, ot great
Ixim-nce m the moll ulitul Parts ot Knowlfd^-;?. But
tills, I think, i'; a Propolition that admits of no Dil'-uf at
ail, that the nuliliil Pileoveries have hern the Refult of a
v.:ll Mixture ot Theory with Fractiee. It was from h 'pre,
t!ut the very Nutiv;n ot lailiiifi; round tiie l''.arrh took Rile ;
,11(1 the inn^'iiiciLs G'if«5c/i' lirll laid down Ids Syllcm r f tii--
Wotl', according to his Conception; and then add( tl tlr-
I'routiileiivcd tion. I'.xpeiicnce. It is much to he tleplo'c',
that we have not that I'lan of Dilcov-ry, whicii the great
Ctrhther G)!i'Viiu.' tent over thither by his BrrtHer /?rtr-
/w.';*-» to Kin", //wj VII. lor, if w- !i:id, w,: flioiild
rria:n!y find abundance ot very curious Ohfetvations, which
m:;!it Itill be ulefiil to Manners : h'or it apjicirs clearly,
::i.m many litde Cireuni(laiK( s, that h' was a I'crton of
iiniv.Tllil li'rnius, and, until bad Ulagc oMigcd hi.n to take
irai'.y I't.tautions, very cospmunicativc.

li was Iroin this I'Lin, as it had Ix'en communicated to

l!;r i'rr/.v^wyif Court, that the famous Mi:^e'.l:Vi camr to

iiv.- h jull Notions <>\' the PoHibllity ol laihng by t!ie

Wtll ro \\w t.ttjl Indies \ and there was a great deal of

111107 in the I'loixifil made by that great Man to the

1 Tixrur Charles V. Sir Francis Drake was a I'cr'.bn of t'le

Uniedtnius, and of a like general K nowledgc : And it is very

lemariv.ible, that thele three great Seamen mr': al!o with th-

IVK larc i by which I mean, that they were conft.-.ntly

fiiniied liy f.nvy while they lived, which hindered fo much

Notice being taken of their l>iltuuifes and Diiirovcries as

ih;y licllrvai. Hut, wlien the I'.xperience of llicceeding

lim.s hid verified many of tlxir Sayings which hat! lieen

confuitrid as vain am! empty Uoatlings in their Lifetimes,

f.ci t'ol'/nty b- gaii to pay a luinrilitious Regard to what-

fvir toiild \k colkcHed cunceniing tht m, and to admire

a:l thiy delivered as oraculous. Our other Difcoverer, Qm-

ulh, was likcwife a Man of i reat Parts, and great Pene-

t!aiio,i,>is Will as gieat Spirit; he had, undoubtedly,

J mifjhty (itn'iis t(ir 1 Jilcoviries ; but the prevailing No-

iimiil' ihol iiniis, that the only Way to lerve the Na-

t:in, was |ikiiv'criiig ilu- Sp.unanL, feems to have got the

'■- I <\ h:s Dffire to find out unknown Coi.ntries ; and

II J',^ himcluilt to 'oj known to I'olKrity, rather as a gal-

1' I'liutfir, than as an able Seaman, though, in Truth,

•■■ v,,i, bjdi.

■\:tir thde jollow S^kvli-n and I.c Mairc, who were

■icut tj nuke Dileovtries; .uid executed their Com-

r-ll;oii wltii ajuul Capacity and Siu ccfs. It l.e Mairc hail

"■iiliorit.:rn til //..'.',;«./, and to have digeltcd into proper

Jli'r las own Aeeouiits, wc Ihould, witliout Qiiiftion,

'•■^ • teicivul a inuih luller anil cleareT, as well as a much

f. woirreiit and I'ltisfadory Detail of them, than we have

^■irclciitj Tlioiigli the Voyage, as it is now piiblilhed, is,

ui .ill reliifcls, the bill, and'tlie moll cuiious, of all the

l-:'CiinMavij>aioi!>. This was, very probably, owing to

^■- 111 U(.igf he met with trom the Dut.h luiji India C:om-

d the Rilatiuns ot

belt Intormation

'■'•y could ot what had been in that Voyage per-

— b^ III. iini wun nomine uuuv
F'l^iyi v.hivh put Captain A</.oi'/<-«, and
l.'M.urc, iijMjii jj;,vi„^ tlu' World the

formed. Yet the Fate of LeMairt had a much greater
l*'liert in difcouraging, than the Fame of his Difcovcrics had
in exciting, a Spirit of I-'.mulation ; fi that we may fafcly
lay, the Severity of the hift India (. omi.any in Holland
rxtinguiHied that gi nerous Dcfire of cxjihirmg unknown
I-inds, which might otherwife have railid the Reputation,
and extended the Commerce, of the Republic, much be-
yond what they iiave iiitherto reached. This is fo true,
thar, for upwanls of one hundred Years, wc iiear of no
Dutch V()y.igf in Purfuit of l.e Mr.irc's I')ifcoverics ; anil
wr fee, whi n Commodoic Ro^!;^^f:i'ein, in our own Time,
revived that noble Defign, it w.is again cramiied by the
fime I'ower that llil'ed it bchire •, and, though the States
did Jtiilia- to the HVjl /«.//./ Company, and to theParti>s
injured, yit the I lariinups they futVitrd, and tlie pi.iin
Proof they gave of the DilViculties that mult Ix: metwitii
in the ProlLcution of tiich a Delign, fccm to have done
the Hulinefs of t!ie luiJI l<idiit Company, and dami>cd ilv.
Spirit of Difcovery, for, p.ihip*;, another Century, in
llclland.

Itisvtry obl'iv.iHr, that all the inighfy Difcovcties that;
hive been made arole tVom tlieli' gre.it Mm, who joined
Rf.ifoning with PiaCli(C, and were Men of Cienius and
Learning, as v.ell as Seain;ii. To (hiiimlms wc owe the
finding ,lir.n-ha ; to Miii'luin the palling by the Sireighls,
which tear Lis Name, by a new Route to tiie Enft Indies;
til.f Maiif a more i ominodiou . Pallag>' round Cajjc //(jr//;-,
and without rrninng up to Cittiflniia ; Sir Francis Drake
too hiiueil t!ie Adantagis that might arife by ixamining
the \oith well Mdc ot .'iiicriui \ and Candifj had foino
Notions (if di!'cover:rg aPalkige I'.twein China anil Japan.
As to t!i" I lillory we ha\'e ot Rn\^j^i"ifein'% \'oyage, it af-
fords lueh Lights, as notliing lutourown Negligence can
render ufek Is. |!ut in t'le otiur Voy.iges, wliatever Dif-
coveiies we meet with arc purtly accidental, except it
he Dampier\ Voyage to tlic Co;ifls of Nc-.v Holland an.il
Avcy (!ii:nry, wliidi was exprclly made lor Difcoveries ;
and in which, it an abkr Man had bein empl(;yed in Con-
juniftion with Dawpicr, wc cannot doulit, that the Interior
and [•.xterior of thole Countries would have been much
b t'.'r known llian they areat prefent ; beca'.ife fucii a Per-
l()n would rather have cholin to li.ive retrtflied in the Id^nd
of A'^c-.-J /'r;.'..v;7, or fime other Countiy, net vilited before,
than at th.at of Timor, already fettled both by tl.c rcrtii-
giirfe and tiie Dutib.

in all Att.mpts, therefore, i/tiiis fort, thofe Men are
fittell to be ( inployed, who, with competent Abilities as
Seanu'i', have likewile gmeral Capaeitiis, are at lealt to!.-
rably aci.]u;iinted with other Sciences, and have fettlul
Judgments, and Iblid Underllandings. Thef' are the
Men, from whom we arc to expect the linifliing that gnat
Work, which former Circum-navigators hav^- b;gun; I
mean the dilcovcring every Part and Parcel of the Cilobc,
and the cai tying to its utmoll Perfee'tiun th,' admirable
and ufeful Scieiue of Navigation.

It is, how>V(r, a Piice Dt Jullicc due to the Memory
of thele g,nat Men, to acknowledge, that we are equally
encourage d by their i''.xamph s, and guided by their Difco-
verits. V\'e owe to them the being freed, not only from
theF.rrors, but Irom the Doubts and DilRculties, with which
foinur Ai'.-s weie opprelVed : 'To them we tland iiulebted
tortile D:lu)veiy ot the belt I'ait of the World, which
was iiitnily unknown to the Antieiits, | articul.uiy fome
Part ot the ballern, molt ol the Southern, and all the
Witbrn lldiiilphere; Froni them wc have learned,
th.it the I'.arth is lunouiuled by the Ocean, and that all
the Countriis under the 'Toirid Zone are inhabited ; and
thar, tjuite contr.iry to the Notions that were lormerly cn-
teiiaincvl, they aie vc ly tar trom being the molt tiiltry Cli-
m,ite in the Woiid, thole within a tew Degrees ot the 'Tro-
pics, though habitable, king much more hot, for Realbns
whicli have been ilfewhcre explained. By their Voyagis,
and ifpeei.illy by the Oblervatioiis of Ccltoi.bus, we have
been taught the giiural Moiion ot the Sea, the Reafon of
it, and the Caule and Dilfeienee ot Currents in j articular
Pl.ices i to which we may add the Doctrine of 'Tides,
which were very impertectly known, cvi.n by the grcatelh
Men in tormer Times, whole Accounts have been found
equally repugnant to Rialon and Txp-.Ti-jnte.

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N.m.i'i

The VOYAGES ./ Book I.

luvf acquiral ;i p-r.it Know- ilcrivcil all tlirir KiiowIoiIrt J'rnm I T irliiy
t Wiiuis partitu- in as llronn 'IVims as tiny tluiik tit, iIkic C

anaiiun o

lirly the Miin;(Kiiis

NVimls, if wlilcli tiu- AniKtits

Irailc-wiiuis, aiui othir ncniKlical ihc \V«lUri\ Sa-ijcs anil iluir lii^h 0|)mi(jii
lukl not t!u- leatl Conccp- tliv I'jll •, but til! tlicy prove to us, that thi

tion : Ami, by thell- I iilps wc not only luvc u in our
I'owiT to I'rtxccd much t'aitlur in our Diudvcius, I lit wc
arc liki wilt ikhvcial tiom a Mu^itiiiic of urounvllifs Ap-
jirthinllons iliat Irightul tlicni trcin p.-oliuitiiiR nikovc-
riis. Wc ^w.- p.o Cr.-it rxnv to t'.i-j I-ablcs, that not only
amufal Antiquity, butcvinobt.iinal Ciciht within aliwde-
ntTaiioi's. The Authority ot y/m will not (urliuilc us
that thirc arc any Nations wuhout Hci'.'s whole b.ycs
and Mouths arc in tluir Brr.ills, or that the -Irim.tfp,
h.ivc only one I've fix.il in tluir l-'orchcad, an.l that tiity
art ]eriHtually a: War with the (iritlir.s, who i^uaril hiviiltn
'rrfaluiis ; or tli.it there arc Nations tiiat have long luiry
Tails, aiul j;rin like Monktsf. No Traveller can make us
believe, that, un.ier the I iTrui Zone, there area Nation,
every Man of which lus one Iari;c ll.it 1 oot, with which,
lying upon i.is Hack, he covtr. l-.iir.fclt trom the Sun. In
fliis x^\\kC\ we li,.ve the fiine .\iivantage over the Anticnts
tliat Men have ova Lhihlrcii \ ami we cani'ot retleift with-
out Aina/.cnuiu, on Mnis luvir^t; fo "Hich Kno.vki!(:e aiul
Leair.inR in other rclicds, with futh thilclilh UndertlanJ-
ings in thefc.

By tlic I,.:t|purs of t!ietc gn.it Men, "'n the two lart Cen-
turies, wc are taujiht to kiio\ what we f ek, ami how it
is to 1-c foiylit. We know, for Example, what I'art;, of
tlie No'th arc yet uralLcovereiU ami alfo what I'arls ot
the ,Sv utii. We can form a very ceita.n Jiuignvnt ot the
Cliiii.ite (/f Countries uniiircoveidl, and can toielccthc Ad-
vaniasjes that wili nlult from nitcoviries before they arc
made ; all which are proili^ioi s Aiivanuges, and ought
ccrMinly to animate us in ( ur .Searchci. 1 miglit add to
tliis, tl;c gnat Bi netits wc reeiive from our more perfcdl
Acqu.iintance with the I'roiKities of the 1 .oadllonc, and
Irom tise Uirpiifi:',^ Accuracy et allri:ni)mical Oblervations ;
to which 1 may .i.ld the iiliylical Dilcoveiits made ot late
Years, in r-Jaixn to the I iguie ol the Karth •, all ot which
arc the Ki.li.ik of the Lij^hts which thcic great Men liavc
given us.

It IS true, tliat fomc of iltc zcalnui Defenders of the
Ar.timts, and fon.e of the great .Adii.ireis ot the I'.aftcrn
Nation?, i^ifpiit. tluO l-act^; and w^.uld have us 1x1k vc,
that alivoll ivery thing wxs known to the old I'lulofo-
phcrs 3:k1 not only krown, bi.t ) r.iclited, by tiie (','/!•/-
/.v.r, long Ixloie the Time it tlv.' great Men to v.h.,;n
we afcrilx- them. But the Difuicnct ixtween their Allcr-
iions am! ours is, that wc fully jnove the Fads we allege,
whereas they ircKluce no I-'.videncc at all : l-'or Inllance,
ji'.bertus Magrus lays, that .httl t!i wrote an cxprefs
Trc-til'e on the Direciicn of the 1 oadlhiiie ; Lut nobody
ever fiw that Treatil'e, r.or was it tvtr heard of by any
of t'le rcll of his Commentators. Wc have, in our
H..nds fomc of tiic kft I'trformances of Aniujuity in
Tef;.ird to (icograjijiy ; and any Man who has I'.yes, and
is ut all aiCjuaii t.d With thatSiiirce, can very cafily dif-
ccrn, how tar they fall fin. it of Maps that wire maile even
an hu!idr<.i Ye.irs ago. The celt brat- d I'^JTius, and the
rc!\ of the Admirers of the U.<iniy, who, by the w.iy.

may trfti;,,
<'fit'mi,tii:

»l llllik' |;i

. eir t.ivijiirit.

LitHfjt made .my \ oya|;ej mmparable to the t-urcucn
betore the Pifcovtry ot a HalVage to Ck'vwrt hy tht (,3''
ot Cleed /lofi; they will cxcule us trom Ixliivinn 'fiim
Hi.liilts. it the Ar.tienis liad all this Kiio\>leJ|^f, hiiWiaiT'
It not to dilplay itle't m their I'ert'orm.uircs i" l|(,wf„,J
they to make IirIi Dirtiiuiiits of wlut arc now (!t(fnvi
'I'ritles ? And how c.ime they iievc r to make .iny \(,y.i,T,~
hy Choice at leall, that were out ot .SijtIh o} 1 jjh| > y^-^.^ '
with rtl|x:v.t to the I'.imfjf, it they excel is Idmiiihi'
Knowledge, 1 low ctiinc the Milliimancs to be lo n:vJ'
admired lor their liiiierior Skill in the Scicncfi * Uijt >j,
rut the Matter Ihort, we arc not diipiitinc, n<.w about !k
tul.itivc I'uints ol Scientc, but .is to the pra.'tial Auilici
tionof iti in Willi. h, 1 think, there r, no douhr, th.ttv
nuKlirn liih.ilntanis ot tlie Wtllem I'.irts et t,".c \\(4;
excel, and excel thielly Irom the L.abours .iiul |)]ii„v,
rits ot tliele great and ing- imms Men, who api'lid ih,::
Abilities to the Improvement ot utelul Arts, im liicpriiu
lar U<iiei',! ot tluir Couiurynun, and to theconiiivi:U„i,.!
ol M.uikind , which Character is iu>t derived titiin ji y |v
jucliccol ours cither Jgainll the Antients, <ir tiu' i,;;,:;,,;
N.itions i but IS touoded m lads ot public Neterntv, j;;,i
on general l^xpcrience, which are a kind ot I'.viikiiu- n.:
to U- rontrovirted or contr.ulictcd.

We are thil, however, m fcvi ral refpeds, (liortffi'r.
fcLtion •, and ihcre are many Things kit to (x.rL.li: ih-
Sag.icity, I'mctration, and Application ot this, .iiul ot li;-
ceeciing Ages : I'tir Inllance, the railages to the Nort!'
eaft and North- well are yet unknown ; there i<a i^ujt I'a-:
ol the -Southern Continent iiiulilcoveied ; we are, iiuiran-
ner, ignorant of what Iks Ix-tween /Imcrua .ind 'Jifar., r.i
all Ix-yond that C ountry lies buried in Oblairity, pcrhavi
in greater Oblcurity than it was an Ageairo; lotiuttii::
is Itill Room tor jKrlorming great Things, whkli, in t... •
Conlequrncis, jx-rhaps, might prove greater than can h.j
be imagined. I lay nothing ol the Difcovcrus that y;
remain, with reg.ird to ii,l.:nd Countiies, be'.iiie thtfc U'l
l^rop^rly under another I lead, I mean that of ['\i\r.s.
But It will he time cnoup.h to tiiink ot pentti.i;ii.|; irtut;:
Hcirt lit Countries, wlim wc have dilcovcreU the .'>!J•
c )alls of the wiiole (liulx?, towards which iIk' \'i.yai,::,
n corded in this Chapter, h.ive li) l.u- adv.incei aaaJy.
B.it the only Means to arrive at thele great liiuis, ami ;d
•f.infmit to I'oileriiy a Fame approaching, at Icjit la
fume meafure, to that of our Anceilors, is to revive aal
rrlhirc that glorious Spirit, which led then» to fiuhgrca;
F.xploits ; aiul the moll natural Method ot doir(;th:s, i5ti
colled and prcl'erve the Memory ot' their l-.xi)l(;;t,, t.'-J:
they may ferve at once to excite our Imitation, rmourai;:
our F.ndcavours, and point out to us how they niiy ir
bell employed, and with the greatciV I'rob.ilnliiy ot w
eel's i which, as it has Ixen the principal and pirtKuL.r D;-
lign of this Cii.ipter, lo it (hall be, (kxI willin:;, ;:«:.•

eh
Chojiict of thii Worn

luteil with like Diligence ai^d Attviuioi), to t!ic v'.ry la:

S K C 1 I N

Ujr

.11; 1 \

at\W\

Cha[). I.

EO R G E

NSO

N, Efq;

??7

SECTION XXIH.

/In /iccoufJ of the Expedition of Cv.oKcv. Anson, it/yj />; /^' Centurion, as Coinmo'
(/ore of a Squadron of Britifh ShipSy round the If^orld.

fi:c OiCjfic'i of this I'oy.igi', anJ tht' general Ex/>ci'lilion nn'/iJ tlyrehv in th Nation. 2. The Strength
' iftb SiKiiJron, iVu! the I'rr/anirions made for the royay^e. 3. IXJuirturt from St. Helen's, Sept. 14,.
i-10. +• Jn ival at MxAiiir^i, Tranjai/ions there, and Uteurreneei in the Voyage, till their Arrival at
tic ]''„t>hl of St. Catharine's, f . ylceount of that I/land, and ofvhat happened iccrthy of Notice in their
Piiit^c to St. Julian's. 6. Oecurrences in their Voyage to the Sireights of le Mairc. 7. The Hardjhipi the)
MlmiindoMing Cape Home, and their lo/ing Sight of the hejl Part of the Sjiiadron. 8. /I great
'ilcnn, in iMci- fhes loje Sight of the Wager, y. Proceed with great Dijiculty to the JJIand of ]\xm\
I'ernjiiJez. lo. yirrn'e at, and nfrejb themfehes in, that I/land. 1 1. ^rejoined there, after a long Scene
efH.irJjhifs./'y /Zv Glouccftcr. u, Account of the principalTranJailions dtiringtheirStay at, andcruifing
cftl:iit'l/l'i"'i- 13. ADigreJfion, containing the Ili/lory of the Shipwreck oj his Afajejlfs Ship the Wager,
oni the Confeiucnces that attended it. 14. An ylc count of fuch Prizes as were taken in the South
i'l'jj, <'//'■'■ tf-^d'' Departure from Iiiaii Fernandez. 15. The Town of Piyta furpri/ed and plundered.
i5, Jam J by //r Clouccrter from Juan Fernandez. 17. Occurrences in their Voyage from Payta /a
Acapulio. iS. Account of what pajfed during the Time tlry cruifed cjf that Port. 19. Their Z)f-
urtiire (rom Acapulco, in order to proceed to the Eall Indies. 20. Are forced to defiroy the Glouceller,
mi take her Crew on board the Centurion. 21. Profecute their f'oyage to the Ladrone I/lands. 22. The

^hif) jm-ed from her Anchors., and the Commodore left on Shore. 23. Arrive fafely in the Road, to the
Cijt Joy of tl'oje lejt on the Ifland, 34. Refrejh themfehes there, and prepare to continue their Foya '<\
jf. Uiive the Ladrone Iflands, and fleer for the Coafl 0/ China. 26. Arrival at Macao, and Recej"
t'mttere. if. Tranfailiom that happened during their Stay in tijat Port. 28. Proceed on a Cruize
in Sijrch 0/ a MinWli Ship. ly. Engage and take her. ^o. Return with the Prize to Mikao. 31.
Siiil from I hence for the River 0/ Canton. 32. The Commodore vifits the Cliincfc Viceroy, in order to obtain
Ictiit to repair and residual the Ship. 33. An Account of what paj/ed during their Stay in China. 34. Pro-
j'icute their royage/rom Canton to the Coafi of ]a\-.\. 35'. Proceed from thence to the Cape 0/ (Jood Hope.
;6. 'Take in liijrejhments there, in order to their Return home. 37. Occurrences in their PaJ/iige from
thmce. 3S. ///T/wy<;/t7vtf/ St. Helen's, June I y. 1744. 39. Remarks upon the Voyage, ^o. The CoH'
(kfmof thefirfl Chapter. 41. A complete Table of Circum-navigafcrs.

'Tin a Thing that has bfcn generally taken forgrantcd,
fvcr finci- Spam has been pofTeflrd ot her American
Dominions, and made ufc ot the Riches fhe derived
from thcncp, to dillurb the Peace, and invade the Libcr-
ii:s, of her Ncighlxjiirs, that the bell way to reduce her
Strerigth, and to prevent the bad F.ffeds ot her evil In-
lfr.t:uns, would be to attack ht:r in the South Seas. This
»is purl'ueii with great Diiigcnre, and in fome mcafure
»itli Succcl's, in the Reign of (^leen lilizttbeth : And in
ihii ot hiT Succeiror, when a new Quarrel broke out
with that Crown in the Year 1624, the firft Thing thought
ot by our Patriots who were equally willing to humble the
King's F.ncmy, and fave the Nation's Monty, was an
Kiqjcditiun to the South Seas, at the I''.x|H'nce of, and tor
d'.i Bcnftit ot the People \ which Scheme was intituled,
i !<• ll'ij] India Ajfocialion.

It may be tiiought I look a great Way back, wh< n I
tfctothe View of the Reader, the Realbns which were
rugcfftd in I'arhanient tor the Support of that Scheme -,
tut whoever conlidirs, that it is not only the moft eilett-
iiil, but thf lateft Method to intlrui-'t the piefent Age from
ihi Scntimi-nts ot the lail, will reaihly enter into the Rea-
fi-rs why I 1 ro<iucc upon this Oecalion the Speech of an
en incnt I'airiot, in which tiie Nature and Seope of that
A'.ociJtion, as well as the Motives upon which it was
p.uniid, arc very fully and pathetically fet forth •,
iti^ this in luch 'I'erms, as, .. the Reader was not tuld,
that this was a Speech to Sir Ihidly Di^s, then in the
iiuirot a Committee of the whole lloule, by Sir Benja-
' ' Ruiyard,^ he might millake it for a Speech made a
I'* 1 cars lincc 1 lo agreeable it is, in its Language
ii' SmtinientJ, even to our prtfcnt Occafions.

'SIR^

I J IX) i)rot'ifs, that as my Afilaion, my Reafon, and
iny Ju.!;;intiit, go dioiigly with the Scojk and IJrifi:
I "t till. I'rojiolitioii, io tliiill gowl Part of my poor Por-
^ 'line, when it comes to I'.xecution. For, to my Under-
^ "'"I'lng, diac was never propounded in Parliament, a

'*""" ™''c proper for this Kingdom, nor more pregnant

^i-Mo. XXIV.

with Advantages to it, whether we confider the Nature
of our Situation, or the Qiiality of our Enemies Forces.
As we are an Ifland, it concerns our very Being to have
Sto- . of Ships to defend us, and alfo our Well-being by
their Trade to enrich us. This Affociation for the IVtJi
Indies, ..hen it Ihall be regulated and eftablilhcd by Adt
of I'arliamcnt, and thereby fecured from the Violence
and Injury of any intruding Hand, wiil certainly give
many Men l'.ntour.agement and Confidence, voluntarily
to bring in large and liberal Contributions towards fo no-
ble, fo profitable an F.nterprize : So that, in Ihort, we
fliall fee many new Ships built, many brave Men em-
ployed, and enabl( d for the Service of their Country ;
none of this Money Ihall be carried out cf the Kingdom,
but laid out for Shipping, which is the Defence of it,
and bcftowed upon our own Men, who mult be fed and
maintained, though they (lay at home. For this we
Ihall reap the Fruit of whatsoever Benefit Plantation,
Traffick, or Puich.ice, can procure us, befides Honour
.and Security.

' Now let us a little confider the Enemy we are to en-
counter, the King of Spain. They are not_ his great
Territories which make him fo powetiul, and fo troublc-
blefome to all Cbrijlendom ', for it is very well known, that
Spain itfelf i . but weak in Men, and barren of natural
Commodities ; as for his other Territories, they lie divided
and afundcr, which is a Weaknefs in itfelf. Befides,
they are held by Force, and maintained at an extraordi-
nary Charge •, inlbmuch as, although he be a great King,
yet he is like that Giant who wasfaid to have an hundred
HaniL, but he had fifty Bellies to feed -, lb that, rate-
ably, he had no more Hands than another Man : No,
Sir, they are his Mines in the IVeft Indies, which m\-
niller Fuel to feed his vail ambitious Delire ot univerfd
Monarchy. It is the Money he hath from thence which
makes him able to levy and pay Soldiers in all PLices,
.md to keep an Army continually on Foot reatly to inv.ule
and endanger his Neighbours ; fo that we have no other
Way, but to emleavour to cut him oft" .at the Root, and
feck' to impeach or to I'upplant him in the JVeft Indies ;
4R by

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338

m VOYAGES ()/

C(X)lv I.

• l»y Part «-f wli'u h Cinufo, that fammn Qiircn, of Rtorinin

• Memory, h.ul luntKlnri- .ilmoll brotintit I""' •*> '"»

• Kncu: Aiul tliii our I'nilprtikinn, (it it iilealMtiixl !■>

• blif» It iinill nral* artci.1 it (uoiicr ami qiiukr, tlic

• wholf Rhiy dI tlir KinpHom \km^ imital, aiwl connii-

• riiij; in a i-n|viii.il Suiiply «i) tlui Aclioii, lo that he

• will havi' no trtf Tiino Kivrnhim to rill.

' Morcovir, tint will Ik a Mi an*, not only to favc, Imt

• to till hu Majclly'j ColTir.«, i-naMniR the IVoj'lc to ^ivc

• him libcraHy and ottcn. l\w Kinu'i Shii.* will have

• little to ill) hit to (juaril tlic Coalhi for the Sea War

• will rhicfiy be ma>lr at thcCliarpe ol the SiilijiVL TIum

• I iluubt ni;t. but that, 111 a (liort time, lioth Kini; an I

• I'lonlc fh-ill Ix- laic at lumir, and Icaral abroail. 1

• comKulc, I (lull Iv vay gLul to hear any Man make

• Ohjcilioni agamll thi» Uclign, (o tliat he do it with ao

• Intention to n line anil j't-rlut tlit Work \ Imt, if any (hail

• rj)caka(;ainll if, with a Miml lo hiiulcr and dcllroy it, I

• mull intrtat him to [union im, if I do liarcc think hiin

• to Ix- a p< f>>1 t.r^lifhmun.'

That \'n)]ri\ luil tlie lame Fate with mod otiwr Uililaixl
honcll iVojei'ts m that Ktil^n, \\liii h was, that, alter I) 11 R
talked of a little, it lunk into Oblivion. Oiir next Pit
Itrtntc with Spam was uiulerC'r'i»';cv//'b I'rotcClorate, who
tncuur.i^e,! Kathcr iiitj^t to publilh his Attount ot ihc
Spanijh U'ljl Indus j which was tlu- loiuulation ot hu At-
l.nij)t uiMin Hi/pjiiitlii, and the Con4iuft of Jamaua \ but
] do not know of ajiy Defigii loriiicil by him to attatk
tl;c SptWiarJs in the South Seas : After the Relloration,
we were upon Viry t^ooil Terms with Spain ; ai it was cer-
tainly our Interell to lie : Yet Kiny fJivr/zi theSeiond diil
not ni'gla't this Navigation abfolutely, but li:nt Sir Jtbn
Aarkreu^i, one ut the bell Seamen thi* Nation ever bred,
i>i the Siii'epjlaka, in the latter l.nd of the Year i6()i),
by the Way of the Strcights ol iMagfUait, into the South
Seas: To f ly the 1 ruth, our Privateers, unilcr the Com-
mand ol the Captains rtdr/i^, i)rn/V, yuan, &e. were con-
tinually in thele Seas, during all that Keign, and the nixt i
l\) that our S. anion were no Strani;ers, in thofc Days, to
any of the Palla^.s into tJv.- South Seaj i a;ul, as tht:
KeaJir nuy have already obfirve.l from the Voyage of
Captain CmUy, it was r.o unukial 1 Iiing for the Traders
ot Lcndiii to tit (■« Ships fur tliole I'aitsi whetlier with a
\'iew to Trairtk or I'livateerirg, is, at this Dillancr ni
Time, a I'omt not tafy to determine. But, whatever
I'urpjfe tiiey were lent ujxin, thitlur they went, ami nu
Complaints were cvir heard of, with rel(xft to extraordi-
nary 1 lard Hi ips in the Vi,y.igc i whuh is fullieicnt to (liew,
how niuth ileixinili \i\xm keeping ail Brandies of Navi-
gation opui, in order to be lunllantly in a Condition l<j
kcure and extend our Trade, and to j>rcli:rve our .Hc'iuta-
tiun as a maritime Power.

Alter the Uevolution, fcveral Projxjfals were miidc in
relation to i!ie cllai^hniing a Commerce in the South Sea,
which Were receivcil w.th Aiiprobation •, and it is certain!
t!ut King /r;i';<jw gave Inllnictions to Admiral flrt»i«r,*
wii.n h. went lall t ) t!ie Jrcji Indies, to iiuiuire how Jar
any of t'iefe I'roje^ls were (eafibie. Alter the breaking out
i.t the lall general War, all the World e.xiH.cled, tliat ihc
iirll thiiig die maritime P.jweis wou'.d have done, would
have been fending a Squaiiron to thel'c Sea';, < ;tlier tor t.'ie
Service ol the Piince, whom they owned lor King ol Spain,
cr for thiir own Ad\antage. 'llie People ot tlus Nation'
ui particular, were fo defirous of feeing the War catricd on
tlusWay, and on this Side, tiiat, to give thcmiloixrs,
and, at thi- tlimc time, to Ihcw thai tlie IxgiOaturc ap-
I roved iluii .Sntinieiits in this r^i^ct, a Bill was brought
uito, am! palTed by, the Houle oi Loics, lor the lictter
tanying 01. the Wdr, by Sea ami Land, in the l!'\'jl hdies ;
winch, however, was loll by a kind of muiilUrial Cralt, iil
the J loi.fe i;t Coiimioni ; ami loon aJu r .ill Oeligns of that
Nature wer- laivl alide, for Kcaluns, with wlitcli, a.s yet,
the Public h.Ls IK vci been made acquainted : The only Ex-
pedition, during the wliole War, was that ol the /M<rand
Viuhcu, under the Cuiunund of Captain A't-^^r/, at the
I'.xpeiice ot loiiie private Merchants ol Hr:jlot. On the
Ciiar.gcofthe.Mimlb)-, a prodigious Clamour was railal
ij;.un t,',u 1 lead, anil, all of a ludden, a kelulution was
UU'.n tj Itfcuic-all t.'ieA.lva:.ca2W tlut wuIJ be willed tor

to this Nation from the Tridr of th? South Sru • .'
ended, lu>w> vrr, only m ereifling a Company ^',|, '|i"
'I'ltle. The N. It ion very loon 'funie lenliii-, t;,^, .I"
would by n<» mean* do i ami therelon-, a., |i,'„ j\ '!
Dilputrs with t(u- King <if Spain came to an llmji,,"'"'
the late King's Riign, a Delign was imnudiar.ly |^(',"
liMit tor liiidinn I'rivateers once more into ilut I',.'
the Workl \ wimli endetl in the Kxprdiiion ot (.jixmn >
'l#l*^ and Captain C;/>/<>7*», ut whiih \sc havc uivV
large Account. '"*

Hy this thort IVdiirtion of \'ith, \ think it is ili-.^n,.
ftrably proved, that, in the Jud^^nirnt ol chh Nation ,1 .
mod prob.iljle Way ol humbling Sfnin, \n lafeot jvy ■
w.is to lend a Squadron into the Simtli Seas : Ar.l | » '
venture to l.iy, t'lat ilure none Re.ilon why tlu^ |, „ ',
bciomemoie ex|)«dii-nt (h.m ever \ waah is, tlw w \'-
now no longer at I.iUrty to lend Ships ihiilirr in ji^.!
ol Peace, as we were Uforc the South Sea Limdiuiiy ^^^
created. It IS not, thrrelore, at all llrange, thjt .i, |,
as the pri f lit War liroke out with Sp,i:n, tlio gi nr ra! \\ 1 '
ot the People dictated Inch .\n I'xpnltioni 01 tlur, n ,
thry law 11 rclolvnl on, ami .1 Squadron actailly i,! .^ ^
lor that Servile, they tetlilieil very loudly tliir A''.!. .
liation ol tJic Scheme : And, I Uluvi, my K(i.lif,'n j
calily give Crixlit to the Atl'ertion, wlun I a/lirm, t'u;
during ihr I'ime this Squatlron lay at l\rifm«uib, iM-e
was a moll general l''jtix?:t.uion ol its pe(toraiinj;|ii., ,
ol the highell Confequence for tlie Service of GmtBh
lain, and icihu ing the I'nemy to Keafon.

I. It was in the miilll of Summer, in the Ycir !>;■>
that this Squadron was formed at Pcrr'-n.int, .u ilica.:ij
time that 1 great I'.mbarkation was carrying on fi r ih:
ll'tjt Indus 1 by which the .*;iege ot Cartkigexa way--
wards undertaken, which turned the I'.ycs of t.ic *;;,;,•
Workl ujK>n that Se.vjiort : At London, every l\x!\ \\w,
ot the intemleil l-jqiedition to the .South .Seas, a^alM)i;i
that mull ncceir.u-ily be atteiuled withConiequctiiejii;i;i)y
iuK .intageous, it properly condui'led •, of which tiifntVji
not the Icall Doubt nude, when Captain /iHjin wjsr.iir 1
to the Commanil \ bccaule he bad Ihewn himtcli', iipm..!
Occafiuns, an Officer equally vigilant m h;s I'ut'., a 1
moderate in the L'Jtcri.ile ut Peiwer-, nvire 1. ad y to tonic .v
his own l-'jtample, man by any other luit ot KcprDnti j.J
who, u\ il»e Courfe of his Service, liael acquin d di: KcijV.t
of the UlTicers, and the \aac ol t!ie S.nlors •, (juiliiKi
that rarely nKet in one Pcrfon, and (.^alities, »i;.i.;.,
Without the Icall Contradiflion, were afcri lied to liim.

It was inteiuled, that a confulerable Body ul Lir.J-
forces Ihould lervc on board tins Squadron ; and aciurJ-
ingly 500 Invalids and Marines were cmlurkiJ, iirnvr
their proinrr OlTuers, to Ix; tomm.uiiltei in Cliul hy l.a:-
teiunt Colonel Cratktrodf, now (iovirnor ot Im;(iui1
Fort. There were feveral .'Vciidents which coneurral t>
hinder the Departure of this Sqaulron tor lunie time,
Ixit at lall, every thing king in jxrIeCl Order, aiul tK:r
Lcjuiiuge m every refpeCk complete, the ConiniD.ii r. ^n■■
hu Orders tor the Olm'i"n anil Sc.iiiun to repiir imlvi' ,
and that every thing flwuld Iw rculy tor U\Un\t, by tl'.f
Middle of Sfplimlier ; and accorilingly ujx)n tin- i6ri 1
that Month he tired a Ciun as a Signal to unnnHir. i''t
.Squadron then coiififtcd ot the tollowmg Sliij's ol W Ji.
anil oth.r VtlTels j vu.

Ships.

ComnunJcrs.

C »■

Centurion

Commodore C j1nf(.n, V:^\,

(Jloutefter

Ncrris

Severn

Pearl

Miubttl

lya-^er

K,dd

Trial Sloop

Murray

It)

Tenders.
/Inn Pink ;
Imiu/hy, which was to go only to a certain LaHifuic.

the Commodiire '''^'''

3. On Sepitmlier iS'. 1740,
Gun as a Sign.il to weigh \ and, by ten in tli
the whole Squadron was under S.ul.
tlut tune, that they tailed at a ditiaci

l-ecM.v'.
It was eibleTVttl ^'■

it i'catbn ot the ^^'^

l.ii'i

chap. I.

G u o R G F, An s o n, F.fj;

|.,m fi'"'. *'"* *'*' P""*" ''"" ^••V'^n'' M'lre. CupMin
t,,.^/ n ihc /'"<■''• f^"''''' '"■'"" ''"7'"/ '" •'"' M<i"fl> "f

7i,rl-'^1t t ;»i f^'" C/ipt'-rtiit in tin- Mimth dI Ifhumy
'-in/Vit, rffliir« 'h*'"'- *•''' ""' '*' ""If'' "" ''"' t if-
('ifflii'imf !»» ((""■■• l'^<';'l«' ii'ianiP'' i fin'v Sir 7sV-i A/rtr-
/^•jf*. »''*' *"* mi rxiK-ririKfil .V.irr.m, UiKd for the

I'M'

SLilon ol the Yrar.

TliiV cmiMiicd Jlxir C'onrfc, wi'h«Hit tflfrt-ng with any
Afiiildinit lm]"'rtiii<T, till, on (K'tc/icr jH. fliiy <«fnrtii
anAmhor in flif R"*'' "' /'w'"'^'"'. *»^ 'h- IHand ot AM-
jfini, wIktc thry f'oiiml two Privateer Sloops who liliit-tl
t Id ( '(iiiiii'«!orc witli nine (iiinn nnd vvfrr iinlwcral hy
fAin. A' rhi. was a yTi>\)(t Vh r lor taking i.i W.it'r,
\\"\rx, ai"! "<("■'■ Ri'tic'^Tifnt'', tin* StjiMilron muclr (wm-

Suy, ill"' it **''^'' '■'"■ '" '^'' ^'■■""' *'" *'"^ ■?'"''' '''' y " ' "
h:f'! ihi- Armvrrl'ary ofh\s MajcKyN Coronation i ami,
m tlif Bignii'i;tt; "i tin- (iicffinliiiK Munth, p,(,t cvrry t.'u-i^;
cnhdiriias till as l>olIlblr, that they inijjlit be able (u Ciil
ritlicit IVIat.

^. Whilf thoy c( ntiniird in I'me f a! \{ir.\t.\, Captain Ncr-
ri:, nl the dlotutpr, who was in .i very ill St;itr ol I lialth,
tl'ti-'.f.l Leave to rtiirn iiomc \ wliirh o(iaru)n( d fiiinc
Alr.nt!onmtheC""niinancl : KorCapuiriAViW, of the //'<»_;;(•;■,
wjuiuJe Ci; tain ol th'- /'wr/, Cajnaiii Mitiiell w.u r.-
m'lvelf'rnm thf Tfrtr/ into the Clowffttr, Captain Mnrnty
fuc'-nl".! Cipuin KiM in th • ffay/r, ami I .idimianttKv,;/!
«n nit'''' (.'ii'tiin 1)1' thf Trtdl S\'\<>y. Thry liail nntuv
hcreiil ten Sail, fiip|"'leii to Iv Sfamjl Ship*, whuli were
calling on .md-nft'io the Wdlwanl ; init one ot the Pri-
v.itfrr^, winch was ilifpitelifil l>y tin- Commodore to look
^Tthrm, rrtiiriird without ('-(ing them.

Oil h'nmhtr 5. tlicy I'f't the Ulanil nf Madfira, and
j-rixidcd on thrir Voyage, the (Uoucrfter having the In-
duin Fmk n Tow. ()n the 17th, they i.iy-to, to iiid.ule
thf kMn Triidrr; wiiich took up two or three l^ays, ami
ihn Oic w.r dilcharg'd. They h.td, all this time, vrry
|i|fal"ant Weather ; mA, on the zSth, pafl'cd the l.iiic witli
J tJir VVinil. On th- ^,oth, being in the LatituJe of 4 "
;; ."vjuth, tlipy obfiTvcd with great Aftonifhment, that
tii: Sea glitt'ttd, and appeareii like Fire, in the Ni[',ht ■,
which, however, r. a I'henomrnon not very imiilual in thofc
{■■fiv 1.1 the Hcqiniiin;; of the Montli of Dtcemfnr, the
Cnwlxgan to be fukly •, which they attributed chielly to
th: hi-avy R.iins they nut witli affr they paflcd the l'"inii-
rc!cli.il. On the 13th of that Month about Noon, they
crnlTnl the I'rt.pic ol CufriiCrn -, anil, on the 1 yth, hail
Sight nf the Illand of St. Cathurine's.

On th' 20tli about Noon, they came to an Anchor •, and
thcmxt i).iy, lailinn lu-artr to the Fort, came to an An-
ihor again, and falutal the (iovernor with eleven Chins.
This [lliml, whicii in >* upon the Coad of Hraf.l, in the I.a-
tiniik'of 27' ^o South, u viTy convenient for the Refrcdi-
mrnt nl fuch Ships as arc bound to the South .Seas 1 for it
a!v-tinds with Oranp,rs 1 .emoiis, and other !''ruits of tli.it
km I, Cahlaj;- .ind B.inana tree, witli ewcllcnt Potatoes,
fnlh W'at.'i- (very-where in plenty, and vail (^lantities of
ilfrhs, whirh feldom fail to relieve the Siek. The (lo-
vfmorowm the Authority of the King of Portugal; but,
i-^ 'i!h;r n ipri'h, the Illand proihues no great .Advantage
'0 (.h.it Crown. As loon as the .Squadron liad anchored,
t"-.? tfliirtioJorc ordered a Tent to be f( t up for the Ulc of
I'^p S:tk, who were turnifliecl with frelh Provilions, and
«:.itrver ciri- was reqiiilitc tor People 111 their Condition ;
2:'i i!i the mean time the Rigging w.is overhaleii, the
/fu/.SIc.>pIiid her Marts taken out, repaired, and fitted
>•:' JgUMi an.! all the Ships took in Wooil, Water, and
Hrnvuions, with all the Expedition polTible.
^ ':■ On'Jd);:iary iH. 1741, about nine in the Morning,
tTv failed Innn 67. Calbarint's, the (iiovcrnor of the Fore
'j'i':i;; tlitni with eleven Guns ; and the ComnvHlore re-
''"^.\1 the like NumlxT. Notwithllanding the Care taken
f>' the rrial Sknip at the Iflanil of St. Catharine's, (he was
'''•'"1 a very crazy Conilition •, and on the 24th, the Head
';t I'.^r Main m:ift bring carried away, ;md her Fore-mad
'l''''ii.;, the (J'oucfjitr was forced to take her in Tow. On
rdrii,iry 8. the Men were put to fhfirt Allowance, having
t^o Qiiaits of Water a Day. On the 1 ith, they had S\u)\:

of I ,and, which «Ky.irrd low, fl.if, uml fandy. On the 1 ^th,
th<y (oiind thfml.Ives off Caiic IU,in,o, whitii appears, .tt
a Milbnte, like 4 long 'lable, the ailjuvnt Coiiiifiy |!at
,xw\ low. I'or li'V' nil I )ays afterwards, tliey fiw alHiiKi.inco
ot Pengiiiii'i, a llitd wi- luve belore drlcrilvd, and other
W.itrr-fowl. C)ii the 1 7th in the Aft iikhim, a .S.ul app«-ar-
ii'g, the Comntotiore made a Sifi;nal lor the (llcuajlir ut
»hd<'i whiili Ihc auordini'Jy did, and, lominniip with
lifr«b.)ui rlevc-n, huind lur to Iw t'le l\.ir.', wliidi h.vl
b'-'ii lip.irat. d hoin the .Squ.idr-'n by .in hard (iale on iha
3'd ot the l.id Miiiuh. .Shr lu.l beenciafd on the -ihby
hve large Sp/f,/l> \Un ot War, ami ilta,)ed trom them 111
the Nigtit. I litviiig ihui rejoined t!ie .Squadron, thry Ui|ji|
»' in,", (iior.- in St.iirh of the Kiv. r of St. Jiili.ni. J'lie n"XC
\y'y, thiy aiichoied tm the C oill in thirty three Fatlioiii
Watrr, and l< nt n, a B lat lir.iru the .Shore to K.ok for tho
llaibour. rii-y hill olileivid, tor f v.r.il Hav% that the
Sc.i wai >lili oloui' d III iii.iny Places, and looked like HIikkI \
a thing otten ol.li.rvrd ktori', and ul'u.illy attributed to a
kind ol .shritnps orCray-lilh. The Land ippeaicd roiky
amlliau-.n, withftveral wliit. L\<\U. I'hcy liiw likcwifcii
Mount.iin ..hort '.ii;ht Miles diiiant, lyin;^ .South weft
l>y V\ill, niajed'hkc a Sugar hut, and is call-il
// Wf //'/ V which is looked upon as the Mark of the I l.ir-
boiir ()f ,v/. JiiliaH. The next D.iy, they intcrcd the \ lar-
Kiiir 1(1 fiiiioiis tor having rcctivcd tlie Sqiiadion com-
numltd by iHis^elliin, when he tirlt dilcoveicil a Pallago
this W.iy into the South Sea, and for the Stay made hero
by Sir I lancii Drake, in his Voyage round the World, m
well as fur the Mutinies of both their Crcwi in this Mar-
boiir.

6. Port St. "Juluin, on the Coatl of Patagonia, lies in
the Latitude of 40" 1 1' South, and in the Longitude of So'
Well liom l.omion. 'Iherc is a Bar b-'torc the 1 laiixiur,
wher«', at Low- water, th' te are not aWjve t.ii Feet \\ ater.
The Harbour's Mouth is in the Mkldleof the Hay, wliicli
can:u)t bedikovered without, liecaule of onel'oint Ihuttiiig
in t!ie other. Jult wiilunit the Bar, lies a lir.all flat Iiland,
alvnit a Lciifue liom L.and, which IhaLf called the Ijhnd
ef true Jufttit, betaule he there tried and executed Mr.
ihiij^ity. Ovrr-agunlf this Illand, the Land is high-, two
I.f.igiies f.irther to the .South, it is low, and runs into a
great Plain and Biaeh lying -South South-well and North
Nr'rth-f.ilL At the .South Find of this Beath are high round
Hills ; but the Sea-tide is a lleep white ClilF, moderately
liij'Ji, with a M.iik Streak in it. The 1 1 ill over this Cliii*
riles, as is bttore oblifvcd, in tlie Form ot a Siig.ir-loaf,
having fome black HuOies on the Sides, tho' there is neither
Tree nor Biilh to be feen in the NiighUuirhooil. In the
Middle of the Harbour, there is from leventien to nineteen
Feet Water, the Bottom a fine bl.ick Saiul. Thu Flood
runs here South South-well, and i' b I'b North North-eall,
at the Rate of two Miles and an !■. in the Hour. The
Commoiiorc hoifted his Long-boat, and lent on thore two
Lieutenants, with a Detachnvnt, to examine the Country,
ami to go to the Salt-ponds, which lie about a League to
the Nuith-weft 1 in which F.xpedition they employed two
Days, ami then returned with a conliderablc Quantity of
Salt •, but without feeing any Inlial)it.ints.

As this was the firll l.;inil they had touched at fincc their
Departure trom St. Catharine's, and Captain Kt.id of the
Pearl dying in his Paflage, he was fucteeded by Captain
Murray out of the PVager \ who hail for his SucccHbr Cap -
tMwCheap, who commanded the 7V/V// Sloop v and his Lieu-
tenant, Mr. Sanders, was appointed Commander ot tho
Trial. There was a Report at this time in the Squadron,
that Captain Kidd (hould fay upon his Deatli-bed, 'I'h.it
this Voyage, in which they had engaged with li) much
Chearfulnelis, and fuch high F.xpeiHations of acquiring ini-
menfe Fortunes, would, in the F.ni!, produce Poverty,
Vermin, Famine, Death, and UcllruCtion. I am pcrlliaded,
from the Language, as well as the Spirit, ol this pretended
Prophe-cy, that it could never liill trom the Lips ot a Gentle-
man bred in the Service. An tii^iiflj Officer knows his
Duty tiK) well to make the Increale of Ins Fortuiw the
Caufe of his ferving liis Counti-y chearlully ; and would ne-
ver breathe Difcontent iwnongll his Sadois by any Inch De-
claration. I am theretore convinced, that this was after-
wards invented by Inch, as w.inied an Extiilc to 1 ol-jur their

cwa

'^!i^

i^l

f'l

r '1'i'

^jl^i: 1

• 1..1

;,f 'i|,

li;:i'

■i.il ..J A till J

'ik''

1 'l

t ,'

{

^\)

'lih sli

lii'i ■ ■-.--.

1 . 1 ,;

-^ft

540

//'(' VOYAGES 0/

Book 1.

own bail Bilwvioiir 1 bur, no doubt, the cifcul.uinB; fuch
St(.rii s hail a ver\ ill KtVc cl on the Mintii ot tin: .Scaincn,
.ind, by ilciwl1":n[; tluir Spirits, contributed to prinluce tiie
Mikhii ts, that tlu y lanu.i to predict. The Squadron re-
maineil here aU)ut a Week, in wlueli time they overhaled
and repaired their Kisgiiig, lupplied themlelves with Salt,
and received their I'loiionion t.l Stores out ot the •rriitlmd
rttii Fink 1 but, as itiey were not able to meet with Water
on that Coall, th. ir Allowance was rcducal to a Quart a
Man, and three I'lius toi the Sick.

On the 27th, the Sijuailroii Tailed ■, and the Ghuifjler,
not licing able to purchale her Anchors, cut, and put to Sea,
leaving her bell Bow.r, and a third ot .1 Cable, behind. On
Manbj,. they luil Siglit ol Cai^e /;>i'/» Mary, at the I'.n-
trantc ot the Stniglu!. ot' .\h:g.Ud», lx;aiing South-well by
South, On tlie 6tli. tlii y tirll law 7V)rj del Fuego, an high
nxky Shore, toll of 1'recipici.s, the lops ot" which were
covered wish Sdo'a.

7 On the 7th, at Cwe in the Afternoon, the Signal was
made to lic-t" i and, at tour in the Morning, the Commo-
dore tired ten Guns, as a Signal to make S.ul. About
feven, they iia.l Si^ilit of the Thft HrJlurs on frrM del
J'uego, at the very I'ntrancc ot the Streights ot le Maire.
At ten, they entered the Stnights, with a brilk Gale, and a
ftrongCurrent Ihting m. L.\[\Di(go on Terra dd l-'utgo U)re
North-weft by Wift, dillant three Lc.tguesi .ind iheoppo-
fite Cape of St. Antniio on Stales land I'.all North-eall.
Having the Wind and Tide with thein, they were, by two
in the Afternoon, ouite through the Stnighis j To that a
finer Faflage w.is never made. Miefe Streights of /<? Maire
lie in the LatituJ.e of ^f 45' So"di, in a manner, due
North and South. '1 hey arc Ixtwcen fevcn and eight
Leagues wide •, and the Riflage through is very little more.
The Ijnd on both Sid( s conlills ot high craggy Rocks,
covircd with Snow. The opjiofite Capes, on the South
Side of thcfc Streights, arc Cape Compiles on Terra del
I'ltego, and Cape St. Harthlcmem on SiateiknJ. The Wia-
t'lvr now began to gruw ixtrcniely cold ■, and, as they ha».l
i.ard Gales, aid a rolimg Sea troni the .South-weft, both
.''hips a-d Men lulVcred exceedingly, more clJHrtially the
iiloiucjin and the Imager.

On the i7th, the Gloucefter made a Signal of Diftrets,
iiaving broken her Mair-yard \ on whi^h the Commodore
ordered twoCari)enti.rs and a Smith, trom the Pearl, to afTift
in repairing It. On the •51ft, her Main-yard broke again-,
and, on April i. the CommcKlorc ordered the Caqx-nter
of the IVager on board her. On die 3d, (Ik Ihipped a Sea,
that wathed the Barge olT thr Bot)m, llove the Finnace, and
tilled her Long lx)at full of Water, by which the futrt red
vti^ much. On the 7th, a like .\cciueiit hapj)encd to her.
On the 8th, the H'oger loft her Mi«n-mall-, aiul, ui»on
a Roll of a Sea, all her Cliainplatcs bioke to Windward.
On the 9th, the .Inn Fink made a .Signal ol Diiirei^, having
broke her Fore-ttay, and damagcil her Bowlprit.

8. On March 10. being in the i.;itiiudeol •;.(.■' South,
they ha.i Sight ot two Mands, whu h btjre Irom tlii m North
North-weft, alx)ut the l)iftanic ot eight League', 'i'hey
luft Sight this Day ot the Severn .ind the Pearl ; wlii. h SliijA
repaired the Streights ot Ic Maire, and took Shelttr on the
Coal^ of Bra/il. On the I ;th, they \ud very hard (iaks
at Weft 1 ami, Ijetwcen fix and liven in the Morning, a
prodigious .Sea broke into the H'liger ; which carried .Mr.
Hu'.keley, tiir Gunnrr ot the Ship, w!io was ftanding upn
I)«k, over the Wlietl, bulg-a the Cutter, and tilled the
I-oi-.g-boat full ot Water. 1 he Boatfwain was for heaving
the Cutter overlxjard ; but the Gunner inlifted upon having
tlir Captain's Dip Clions who was lick in his Cabin. Hr
ordered her by all means to W favcd •, wh;ih was accortl-
iniily done. '1 he Cariienter of the H agn was all this tune
0:1 bfjard the GloUieftcr. On the 1 ^th, the Commodore
Kie.t; then on the Weather-quarter ot the Imager, Ixjre down
ii.-.der her I^'c, in order to Ipcak with Capuin Cheap ; and
a.K.niingly the Captain being br(-ught upn Dcik, the
C'onimcxloie atked him. It the CarjK-nter w.ls rettiriied liom
li.e Cilouiejler. I'lie Captain anfwcrcd, No •, and 1 amlur-
p.'^iiid. Captain Mttcheli (hould detain him, when he knows
I iniill want hitn about my Mizen-maft. The Conunodorc
toid liitn, I le would !(>< ak with the Glouujlcr, and order
hull on board, lie iliwi aikcd the Captain, Why lie did

not fct the Main-toiJ-lail, ami make irorc Sail. Captil
Cheap anlwcred. My Rigging is all gone, and broke t„rc"
and-aft ; and my I'eople ainioft all taken ill, and down-
but I will fct him as loon a.s pollible. Tjic Conimwl '
defircd he would, and make wh.it S.iil he could attir him
On the 14th, the Carpenter returned tiom the (Jlouctjhr t
being the only Day in a Fortnight a IJoat could live in I'l.c
Sea. As loon as the Carpenter tame on l)oard, he waitfi]
on the Captain ■, who ordereil him to look on the (.ham.
plates and Chains, .md to give his Opinion of the Maii'j
going away. The CariKMit( r looked as ordered, aiiJtJ
Captain Cheap, IUm the Chain-plate.s were all broken. 1 1 ■•
Captain Ihook his Head, and Ciid, Carpenter, llut is nc-
the Realon ot the Mall's going away. The Carwntcr a
the Mall was gone, not caring to cliarge it on any one',
Milinanagement, or to occalioiiany Uneafinefs abcnit whi;
was now pall Freventmn, fitted a Cap on the Stmni) o' 'li^'
Mizeivmaft, got up a lower Studdinglail-booni ol for; ■
I-'eet, and hoilled a Sail to keep the Ship to. rh:s Dn'
they liiw Land in the I.atituile of 54^ r, , whid,^ y^.,^^^^^
doubt, wxs the B^.iik Cape on theCoaft oi 'Terra del Fmr
For lotne Days after this, the Weather was modaatci/
good •, and, having long enough doubled Cape Ikm, thcrj
teemed to be no great 1 )anger of parting Company.

9. On jlpril 19. there were fome hani Gales ; anl t.hty
loft Sight ot the Gloueefler and IFager, the latta of which
they never law again i a very llrange Accident, conliJa-
ingthey luil now bc-tter Weather than at any timefinccthr,:
palling the Streights, and were but at a mcxierate Diilmc:
from the Illand ot Juan lernandez. But wc Hull liurtaiicr
refumc this Subje(ft, tho* a very difagreeable ore.

They were now extremely afHitSled with the Scurvy
aboard the Centurion. On board the Glou.rjia, tfa.'
Feople were m a milerable Condition, there being fu nuny
tonlincd to their Beds, ilut tlity lud kaici uiuugli to ilo
the Bufincfs of the Sliip, and at the l^ime tune lo extreir.ty
peftcred wit!i R.its that they could hardly (Icip, their fick
Men having tluir 'Foes eaten oft"-, and, as there were ten w
twelve died a Day, their Corpfcs were dreadfully distigarcd
by thcfc rapacious Faicmics. On May lO. tiny lud ight
ol Land, which bore taft North-caft, which tin y took to be
the Ifland of Saora. The next Morning, it hlowmg I'u
hard, and the Wind frequently veering, a Lonfukation wij
held, in which it was very prudently refolvcd tolvoriway
tor the Illand of Juan Innandtz, in onler to rtlielli r.J
rctit. About two in the Attcrnoon their lort-ftay bkw
tron'i the Stay -, and foon alter, the Fore-fail fp'inol^aci.
About Noon, they law feveral high Mount.iir.s, covtrd
with Snow i .uid the next Day at ten, having then a.^--
rate Weather, they faw them very plain ; and then Cify
teemed to them to be Illaiuls.

On the if ft, the Ship's Company of t!ie Glcu.'jttrinK
reduced to a I'mt ot W ater per Day, except tlie Sick, w.no
wae ftill alloweii a Qu.iit. On the 2^1, the liigii Li-.J
Iwjre I'.aft South call, dillant about two Leagues, int.HcLi-
tituile of about 48 ' South, a ftrong Current lctti:igKirc;j
the Weft ward. On the 23d, they lud little Wmdintlie
Morning, but, towanis Night, hard Gales, a very gni:
Sea, and a vuilcnt Swell ; which did much Damage to ihcir
Rigging and .Sail'. i'hey hkewile thipped a great Sta,
which dilln iTed tht tn exceeilingly, Ixing now m a molt
deplorable Condition, not a Top lail-y.ird in the . ship, nor
a Carpeiit;r, whole 1 le.ilth would permit him tu\vu:>, la
(jrder to rejiair them-, fo that they were lorced to l>:il 1
Spritlail tor a lop-lail, the Ship at the latne ti.r.e v;ry
leaky, and not Men enough in I lealtli to work her. On
the ,'oih, they faved a Butt ot Rain-water. On /jw 1.
they liived a Funclieon, which was of great Service lort.:-'
Relii f of their Siek. 1 he Weather w.ls li) nio.Ur.itc vlu'i.ig
the lucceeding Week, that the few .Men who wirew.ll .'J-J
not fo much l-atigue as iK-torc ; and on the Sth, .ihout fuiir
in the Alteinoon, they law, to tlitir great Joy, tluhiirl
ol Juan l-trnaiulez, their full I'l.iee ol geiuial Kaii.iHi'u^,
lying Weft by .South, .it the Diftanee ol aUuit ll.irtwi
Leagues. On the ()th, trelh ( lales, .iiid cI.Hidy, with \f'(^
Showers ot Ram, and a great Sea, the Body ot the h-ii "
being then iliftant alxiut four 1 .eagues.

ID. On the luth, alxiut two in the .Mlcrnoon, th'.y m-
chorcd in twenty Fathom W.iter, under the L.hhI ' '

chap. I.

George Ans

N, Efqi

?4«

f-1 t'-iri; tli-y '!' ! *^''" to ftn^^ tl>cii' Boars on (horc, with
^'•ais iiiul J^.ii''* to "''''^'■" '"<'"''*• *^'' '''f '^■'''^ -^ '^""^ "* covered
iti-s iji'ihi'Coin'cnicncy of the Sick-, in the fixing of
w'iicll tin- Commodfuv not only gave his Piicetions, but
ailiilcd m IVribn, ami furnilli'-il whatever was thought re-
, iiiCitc tor I'eopK- in their Con^litiou by the Surgeon, out of
his own Stores ; for, as his 'Icmptranre had prefcrvai his
llulili, It now furnifhtd him with the additional Flcr.fure
(ii fupi'ly.iii', the Sirk with what another Man would iiavc
i' PI ai iii'.'''i«ii Table. The Ship's Company was, iiuiecJ,
II a nidft ilreailtiil Condition : Out of upwards of 500,
which were on board tlif Centurion when they Ictt England,
t lire Were not now 200 lelt •, and the far grcatcft I'art of
th;!i' :n a nwll mil'erablc Condition, into wiiith they were
rtiliicul by the Scurvy •, a Difeafc fo much the more terrible,
as It prolines various, and yet alike frightful, Symptoms
ii i!i:l'crt ni Cnnlbtutions. Some who were fi'ized with it
lull the I'l^' u* their Limbs, and of their Senfes •, fo that it
wis diiriailt to diftinguidi, except by their low moaning
Noili, whether they were alive or deail. It afieCtcd others,
I, (hfjrikriiig; their Brains, and this even to a degree of
Madiids ; winch nia.lc them terrible to others, as well as
i.lckfs to iheiufeivcs. A third Ibrt had their Spirits greatly
I'.crrtlVed, a general Laflltude, accompanied with a Short-
r.ilsof 'Jrcatlii and it was obierved, that thefe were foon
urried olT. It feems unworthy of an Uiftorian to lay
cown fj.ts of this Nature, without inqui-ing a little into
t:;;i! Cjijle 1 for to talk of the Scurvy, as a Difeafc acting
luii f.iliatnt Crueitrs on the Bodies of Men, may excite
the Coiiip-ifTcn, and raili; the Admiration, of Readers \
bi.t will liardly, I think, fatisfy th(ir Judgments. The
vtry ieariKii Ramnznti, as veil as other Phyficians, liave
aaiiratcly treated tliii Difeafc 1 and therefore, from them, I
i';i; iurrow the Helps neceiVary to explain it.

The Scurvy, then, may be dcfineii to be an ill Habit of
Baly, ocLilioiied by the manner of living ac Sea, and
Ihcwing itlell according to the natural Habits of thole up-
on whom it Ici/.cs. To enter more particularly into the
Mamr : The Air, to v. Juvh Seamen are continually cxpofed,
b ilways lalt and moill, and, in the Climate of which we
.I'c now ijicakiiip, exceedingly quick and cold. Their
D:.r, lor tin: mull part, is lalt Meat, which they are not
abii' to liilute with iiiliicient Quantities of Liquor, and with-
al tlicy have l.rokeii and uncertain Reft ; from all which, .is
iilo In ni other intervening Accidents, luch as being often
»it, ;r.i! expolal tothe tuld Night Air, tiny contraft the ill
llaiituf Body, ol which we are now fpeakmg. l-'or this
flit and nioill Air, entering the BKiotl, will render it vifcid \
iiii the Bittern in the .Salt which they cat, will heat and r.a-
r:!y t!iis vikid Blood, and tlicrtby iiicre.ife its Celerity. By
L'i.snu-an'; vciy large Globules will be forced into the Ca-
piiary Vflld', wlicre they inuft remain, till either the
^<uickiuls ol the Circulation icinoves the Obftrui^ion, or
liic htforts made by Nature for that Kirpofc break the
WiTih. Heme it 1:, that the Dileal'ed are troubled with
.\o:-, and ItJimgs in the Skin -, for extravafated Blood
t.;riblirihil anhi>^',h Kid, then livid, then black. It piitre-
.■:;s!;l^rwlit■, whi'.h occaliotis the Rotteniieii of their Ciums,
I'lnki:!;; Brcith, and lo(ile I ecth. Wandering I'ains, irre-
ir..Iar I'liiic, .imi inexprcfTible Faintnels, are Symptoms that
iri:cfrini thp fame C.uife ; which, as 1 obierved lx:forc,
'V<'Jtisfvtially accoiiiiiig to the Duirrence of Conllitu-
f IS. Ill the ImhI tluy arc ufii illy canned olVby a Dropfy,
•li.ikicd w,tli LiLus 111 their Ix-gs, and very frcqueiitly
*:u .1 vor.ic:oiis ApiKtitc ■, which .igrees cxadly with what
■ r.|.i)itid hy ihole who iii.ule this Voyage, viz. ihat, up-
" • "ivi.ing ihe Undies of thole who died on board the i'^tn-
■■'■■1, tluy ioimd tliur Blood dried up, the Vell'els full of
\Wt(r, and their Bones, when the ilelh was ItraiHid off,

^ \s to the Rttnedus wlii> ji are futelt for this Difeafe, they
3:. iihiy lii'covtred, but then tluy are not lb calily applied.
'""'; Air, irdh I'rovilioiis, great I'kiuy of Greens, and
■■•"imdancr <,| thin I .iquors, together with due Exercile,
• ii 1 natural RiH, (juk kly complete the Cure. But to what
I'tr-t" !c Ihoiiid a Man t.ilk ol thefe at Sea, where none of
I lai -re to U- li.ui, and where tiie very Mention of then>
'■"■I '^' exiecdingiy dilagreeable, fur th..t vrry Realon ?
II'' only thin(; lo be diouahi ol there, i.s ho-.v to prevent

the Scurvy ; and, in regard to this much may be viont-. In
the firll Place, Cleaiilinefs is a matter ol great Confequer.cei
Sir John Narirough tc\h us, that he defended his Crew, in a
great meafure, from this dreadful Difeafe, and that for many
Months, in thefe Seas, by a very cafy Precaution -, for he
obliged every Man to walh his Mouth, Face, and Hands,
before he received his daily Allowance of Bread, and ap-
pointed a Man to fee it pcrlormed. txeicife is another ex-
cellent Thing } for, while People arc brifk and afttvc, this
Diftemper cannot Jay hold on them. The fmie judicious
Commander tells us, that twelve of his dew fell lame with
Cold,thcir Legs and Thighs turning as blackasanHat. Thefe
maiie ufe of Bathing and Stuping, which, inftead of reliev-
inf;, increafed the Symptoms ; while, at the fime time, thole
who were able to ftir, and to do tlicir Bulincfs, felt no fort
ot Inconvenience from the Climate, but enjoyed as good
I lealth, and had better Stomachs than in England. Thirdly,
\'inegar, and all other Acids, either as Food or Phyfic, are
great Prelcrvativcs % to which if wejoinabftaining as much
as pofllblc from fait Meats, and fpirituous Liquors, I believe
it will not be cafy to add any thing very confiderable upon
tills Subject, But to return to the llland of 'Juan Fer-
nandez.

After :Ur-y Iiad been fome time on fliore, and had fed on
frtOi Provilions, Greens, Roots, and whatever elfe the
llland artorded, enjoyed the Benefit of whollbme Air^ and
daily Exercife, with the fovereign Relief of good Water in
great Plenty, they began to recover their former Health and
Strength, and to take a great deal of Pleafure in their pre-
ftnt 1 iabitation j wliich 1 lliall not defcribe, bccaufe we have
fpoken already very fully of it. 1 iha 1 only obferve, that
the Account j',iven us by thefe People, and the Advantages
of this llland, fufficiently juftify what I have advanced, as
to Its making a commodious Plantation v 'tnd this is one
Reafon why I do not chufe to fay any more of it, left it
might be thought I put my own Sentiments into other
Mens Mouths. While they remained here, every thing
was conduced with the utmoft Regulanty and Decorum •,
and the utmoll I'ains taken to repair and refit the Ship, as
well as to refrelh and recover the Men.

On the eleventh, came in the Trial Sloop, in a moft mi-
ferable Condition, the VeflTcl fcarce able to fwim, and hardly
Hands enough to work her ; h.aving buried more than half
luT Crew fince flic left England. T'hey fent her on board,
as loon as fhc dropp'd Anchor, a convenient Supply of Wa-
ter .ind fielh Provilions, which were very acccpwblc. The
Commodore was in great Pain tor the rell of his Squa-
dron, whom he daily cxpefted at this Rendcfvous, accord-
ing to their Inftruftions, but fiiw nothing of tlicni tor the
Space of a Fortnight. On tiie twenty- levcnth they had
Sight of the Gloucejier -, on which the Commodore ordered
the Firrt Lieutenant on board, in the Cutter, with a Sup-
ply of lilh and Water ; a very fealbnable Relief to People
who h.Til been for Ibine time at lb iliort an Allowance, as a
Pint of Water a Day to each Man ; and reduced to fo low a
Condition, that the Captain found it abfohitely neceflaiy to
iletain the Lieutenant, and his Boat's Crew, in order to alTilt
him in workiiig the Ship.

1 1 . Never certainly \\m a Sliip's Company more diftrelTed
than the Clcuicjier\ at tins Time ; for upon lending, on tho
twenty-eighth, the Trial's Boat, with another Lieutenant,
and a Imall Crew, C.iptain Mitcbe'.i thought proper to de-
tain them, in order to work his Ship, which was about four
leagues trom the North End ot the Ifland, and continued
driving in this manner for a whole Week. They then at-
tempted to tow her into the Harbour, but to no manner of
I'urpote 1 for on the tenth of July flie drove, in fpite of all
that coukl be done, quite out of Sight : On the lixtetnth
Ihe was a^ain within Sight of the IPiand, liied two Guns,
and made a Signal of Diftrels, havin;:, then but one Pun-
chton ot Water left j tlie Commodore lent a Boat on board,
with two lloglheads of Wine, nine Puiu In onset W.iter,
anil other Retrelhments. On the nineteenth Ihe was bluwii
ort' again, and driven to the lefler llland of Jucin Eatuindcz,
in the latitude ol ^r,° /j^' South, about :o Le.igiies South
South-well ol the great" illand. The Sp^'utrds, when they
fpeak of them botli, call them the lllaiids ol Juan Imum-
diz i but, todillinguilhtheiu, they call the hir.xr./.' Tierra,
and the lell'er de lura. The GLtWjhr atteim tcJ. to feiul
4 S her

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t:; '.:

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ii'Hifte

. "'ll''j. '^■''j3l''i r^^' J

34^

The VOYAGES of

B(.ok I.

Mi:^"

mv'

i.'ti

. "Ki

r...

H-i

Jicr Hoat afliorr, in or.liT to p.ct W.it'-r, having Sii;!it of
icvcral Rivulets, but to no I'liriiofi' i ("or the Wind blow-
ing lining Ironi the Shore, (xv.ilioiu-.l Inch a Surrt', as nn-
citri'ii It imponUilf for thim to l.ind ; I lowivcr, their !• x-
{.H-dition was not altogttlur intlV. I'tiral, iincc the Boat rc-
tumtil With a large Supply ol l-'ilh.

On the jj'.i they made the laiper Illand of Jtinn fVr-
«<««(/« again, and aU)Ut 1 1 in the Morning came to an An-
chor. J"he C"onimodorc th-n fent oiV his Boar, with a
Lieutenant ami a Crew luffieii'nc to alTill the donffjlfr in
Moonni^. Tiuy liad Ivcn now alxvv a Month plyini; in
Sight ot the Illand, anvlfrom the I'lme they leU Tort St.
'JuLaii's had l-uneii 254 Men, and had now Init <)S left,
of whom not above levcn or eiglu were able to alfilt in
working die Ship ; they were, U lides fo diftrcded for Wa-
ter, tliat lor a Nlonrh Lxiore thiy made the Illand of JihVi
tmianJcz, they were reduced to a I'int a Day, anil had
not enougii, even at that Icai.ty Allowance, to ler%e them
a W'eck longer. I lowever, when her Crew once g>it on
Ihore, and had the Convenieiuy of Tenf-, and liich Re-
frelhmcnts a*; the Ifland atfbrded, they recovered ap;ice ;
whuh was efpecially owing to the Commodore, who fup-
I'lied the Sick, .is he had d.one liisewn l'e,)ple, with Winr,
and other Nccdlaries, from his private Stores. The Be-
ginning of the Month ot /lugiijl they fptmr in repairing and
ngginy their Shiju, and in clearing the Hi>ld ot the Ghu-
ii/ifr ; wh<-re they foiimi a great many ot her lower Tier
of Water-caflvs half filled with Sea-water and Ballaft ;
which was oerafioned by the Rats eating Holes in them.
On tie tth the Commodore detached the TriaTs Sloop to
the Illand df I'ufra, to fee if any of the reft of the Squa-
dron hail put in there, and the returned on the 2 iff, bur
without any Intelligence. The rell of this Month, and
iIk B(gi;in:ng ot the next, was fjx-nt in getting on lx)aril
Water, and other NeceParies, that the Ships might, as fxin
as jxjinble, Ix" in a Condition to put to Sea.

F2. On Stptcp\l>ir 7. alx)ut ciaht in the Morning, a Sail
appeared in the Offing ; upon which the CommiKloru llipt
h s Cai'k-*, ami gave her Cliace. The next Pay, they
loll Sight ot her -, but foon f.iw another Sail, whit h they
(li.if.d a:;d took, and returned with her on the 14th to
the Illand of Jiim l-(rnand(z. The I'rizc was c.illal the
C.iimiHit, and h.idon lx)ard, amongft other tilings, i^o.cx^o
Piece": iif p.ight. The .Inn I'ink f eing conilem:.ed as i;(e-
Itf, hir .Xnimunition, and eip;Iu of her fiuns, were put
fn Lx)ard the Sfr.itilh Vx\f, wliieh w;is fitted up with all the
Care and Dilii^^ence imaginable, to fupply her I'lacc. On
r'lc iS'th, thc-7r(it/Sli)Oi^ Kirgintirely refitted, was ordered
to Sea, with Directions 10 criale in a rertain I.atitud.e, till
iuinetl by theCommrK'.ore. The S/\:iii/h Frifoners, to the
Nunilx-r of twenty-eight, were put on lx)ard th'..- G'oucffter -,
'.•nd Captain Mitcbtl! h.id, Orders given him to refit as lixin
as j'Ki'Vibl--, and follow the Conimo lore, who was n f()!val
to lofe no Time in purfuing his Inftrixtfion'; Ciptain
Mudtl! was hkewifc liireded tu take out the MaOs ol the
.inn I'ie.k, and let her on Kire •, which Precautions licing
taken, the Commoilorc t'ailul, with his I'ri/e, from the
I "an;! 01 'Ju.in 1 crn.:i:Jrz, in (;rdc-r to tniife on the Spnmlh
Coalh

On OJloiir \. a little afier Noon, they ha<t Sight of t>.M)
Ships and, (;n g;v;ng Ciiace, 1 ame up with them, when
tluy proved t'; Ik- the frial Sloop, and a i'ri/.e the had
taken. 'I'he 1'riz.c was a line, new, Ifiong Sl.ip, fit, 111
• very refpeift, lor a !'riv.iteer -, and, as the TrM/ha.! fprung
her Fote mill and Mai'i-mal\ in ciMling her, the Commo-
(!.,re oondrnin'd the Sloop, and commiiri ineii the I'ri/e.
In this Ship wer- taken, Ixfides othrr Merchaniii/-, 144
Ounces of(ioKi, 7272 Ounces >,f Silver, and two Chetlsof
C!uir:h-j'!.'.te, very finely wrought, Ix fuics other Thinp^s ot
\'.!iue. On t!)e 4th, the Mtn Iv ing alr'-.idy turned over to
the I'rizr, and all things of Value t.iken out of the Trutl
.'-ir.ip, fhe was delln yrd ; but t.ut f.t on lire, to avoi.l
;:!arin:n:', the Coaft. On the rtli, the .Xrtiiks o! War were
r-.id to th. Siap's Conip.iny •, and, tnmi thence to the u th,
the Comrsi' 'lore eontiiuid iruilin^-, with his two I'li/.rs, on
i!:»C'.a(l of /V'r(, w.'iere we will {--.ive ih m lor the- pr- fnt,
ill onler to give an Aceoint ot tlv Sjiipvvreck o! the // \iver ;
v.:.irh is a I't/iit, however difa;'reeabl<', ol (y grwat im.'ort-
aMv, !' It, I thu.k, It cannot t>c oniiued.

I ;. The .Xccounr given by the Hunn^r .nrd Cirixn' ,
which is already in eveiy body's I lands, def ivcs to |v , !
with the urmort Attention, the rather bi e.uife I ,!u , ,*!
find, that any I'ait of their N.irrative isiontrulicleili i,,.

svit!ift.indii'g it is certain, tlut lliine Advi(\:ii,,v

lilt

i. ,

reciveil from the Capt.iin, who is (inee .iriiv(d f:ie n,
ot the Spamjh Settlements. I iiave made .i|| t!ic l'|.
I (ould, as well as ot other Iniorm.itions I h.iveneilvul
order to give a lliorr, plain, and, as tai as I \u\-^.
l.ifhts, a true Account ot the Matter, J'lic /,",;,..,. |
rated from the Cominodtiie on .Ipril ic), in the I'v i;ii'..
when the \V».iiher vas much bdier, ih.ni ir li,u| h,,,,;''
a Month before. Immidiatdy alter this Sip,itu:i„; ,
MifcliK-f th.at afterwards broke out lo violmily, [(..I,, ,,
work, the Steward taking upon him to (Tiorren l'nn'iii„i !
and to lichave in liich a manner, ih.it the Ciptain nr.lirdl
a Cafe of Pillols to be deliven d to every Oil cer on biuril
tlie Ship. I muft confeli, it feems very de.ir to nic tint
there were two linifti r Defigns t'ornieil on bo.iid the/,',; vi .
the one, if we may credit the .Acidunts weh,ivcli.u|,i,t\i,!
Captain, t.'> go upon the Sfirajh Coalf without th,' Cum
modore ; and the othe;, of the Cn-w to do what they 1 Iciial
The fniV ap|xars from hence, tlut the Captain iKujij ,],j,
Rendelvous w.is .at the Illand oi Juan renumdcz ; mul |>ti
tended, that it hail been altered at Si. 'ftilunii to ;in Ii;.i;J
in the Latitude of 44 ' S(,iitli ; whieh was the only fx^ij,
he m.ide tor continuing his Coiiife, at the a[ p.iiei.t li.i/.i.J
of the Ship, and of .ill their l.i\es.

That the Reader iriay jxrceivc this the nior;- (L,irlv, 1
am obliged to give him a Cor.v Tration, win. h lujirn, |
Ix-tween Captain DaviJ U.<c/ip .xnA Mr, li'i.'h-.'t^-thvlmn::
a lew l-'.venings before the Ship was ioll, whieli (xi^Lnrsti;-
whole .'XfTair, and is thus reltteil by the(iimn(r; ' 'Hi;
' Captain lent tor me into his Cabin, and the tiill Worl
' he laid was, (iunnir, W lut Longitude have yon iia.lt :'
' I told him, 28' ?o. What I>.ll.ince doyourr.knnyiiiT.
' felfotFthe Ijnd? 1 aniwered. About lixty Lca^ur^i
' bur, if the two Iflands we law were thole Liid Jimn n
' your Chart to lie otV Rrr.:rr\ Streights, ard th.' Limo
' Current continues, with a Wtfbrn Swell, wc e.ir.ncit Iv
' above a third Fart of the Dillai;ce olVihe l,.iiul, ihj
' Captain made Anfwer, As for the Currents, there is i»

* Account to be given tor them : Sometimes th"y lito-i-
' Way, ami liimetimes another. I fiiil, Sir, very tnn ■, I';,;,
' as the Ship has Ixrn always uiiilrr reett Coiirl;<, Ri'ht' ■
*• Mizen-mall gone, the mull wholly drive to I .e(W.ir',.i!'l
' nigher the Lanii than exixctni. I'he Cai't.an i!u'i: 1

* nie, i fup5X)fc you are not Uiiaci]i.ainteii with my \{r\ '■
' vous tor the Illand of Nojlra Sit^mra di Soiorti, m •}■•
' jjtitudcof 44". I repheil, Sir, the Ship is 111 aviry
' b.id Condition to come in with the I .eelliore ; a.ii!, ;l '
' IS pofTible to bring the Ship to an .Am hor, we fl;.il rr', .
' pun liafc it again. The Captain .mfwerrJ, I lin n.^:

* defign to come to an .'\nelior-, tor there are no Sniiir
' ing<, until you loinc wiilnn liven I/'.igiu-; ol ili, l.i:'.
' I pairpofe to llanil otVand-on twenty-four Heun, r ,
' if I lio not Ice tile Coinmoilore, or any ol the .Si)u.ii,:i ",

* in th.ii time, we will go lor 'Juan inn-indn.. Toth I
' fan!. Si!, the Ship is a petlr>!t Wrei k, our Mi/inniv
' gone, with our ll.imling Rigging fjre an l-.ilwt!, .i"i! -i
« our I'eople down ; tlieielor- I cannot tee \Oi.it wceiiii >

* in with the Vm'A. The Caj/tain's .Aniwer was, k "> ■
' not fignify ; I am obliged and ditirmincd to'',oli)r:'

' firll Kendefvou^* I find it is a thing taken Icr i^n<.\ '
by thofe, who have giv' n an .Acioiint of this \'< yi"' . ''
the Captain really li.ul Inlliuaioiis to lail fo tin* illi-'.
whieli, however, 1 very iiiurli eloubt : for it liixsniiJ!
p'-ar, th.it the ConiiiKKloie ever went thither, or il'oi ;•!■,; ■ :
lending thither, to fee it aiiy ol tin- Sejoa Inai wfie tin!' .
whieh he ecitainly would have el-.ne, il it h.ul b<.eii tlir I.-'
Flace ot Ren'ii-lv.jiis.

On May \.;. at hall .111 I Imr p.ill fmr in i!; \''
noon, the Ship llriiek on .1 funk l\'<k, and i!ie U «l;v,
10 their great Sorrow, iKJtti.n;' but Rmk- n.ii'>li''
She llruek ;. leeond tune, whuh bii.ke ihe II I'l 'I '■
Tiller 1 and in a Ibort tune .itt<i lb' llruik, 1 1:'';."', ■^^■
grounded between two Imall lllands, .iNiiil fis'' 1 'i"'
e!ifl.int fnim tlu- Main, ami not almvc a Mtilili.rt lli'i I' 1
tlie iiliejte. Tluy iiiiilKduiely Laiih.li.d the U.(i|'; . *■"'■' •

Bit

■■-,■'

h'..

m¥ •■

Chap. I.

Ci !• O R O E A N S O X, Efyi

., 1 Y.i«l, over tliP CiiiniT 1, cut tin- ninin aiul Forc-mafls
iv't!,,' liii.iiil, .iikI tlic Miixt Aiuiiiir Ironi the Cniiincl.
•j'lv laptaui lent till.' \y.i\W ailiori-, to Ice if the I'lace was
„'' I !;'i! but, the I'cople not iTtiirnin;^ on boanl as ili-
,l' ill'- I.Kiiiinant was fent in the Yawl, witli Oaiers
I 'vji',, ulVthc Barge : 'I'liis he lent otl", but Ikyetl alhoic
iitii'.lt? As loon as the Barge came oivboaril, the Cap-
,";; wii^ivrfaule;!, Uing very ill, to go afhore ; whieii he
I i aaoinjiaiii-ii by ilie Land Oilieers, Mate, anti Mi;!-
)■ "iiini, 'I'Ih: OlKicers remaiiiinjf on boarvl were the

\1.'i1Ut, lio.itrw.iiii, Gunner, anil Carpenter : Upon the
;'„i.;iul Difu^rs j.-aving t!ie Ship, I'evtral of the .Sailors

i,;i I,) liKJiliiiig the Wine, breaking open Cabins, and
I'i'in' ci'iry thing tli.it might be exjiei-tcd Irom Wretclus
lii.i.l'am! iliuiik. 'I'he Vell'el being bulgi:d in the Miillhips,
,;,■ tell ut tlu in went on Ihorc. '1 he Jflanil they touini
i,ii.:Ji.ihit;i!, an.l nothing in it for Siilifiltence except Ce-
I , ■ ttliich grew Wild, iVhillels, Limpets, and other Sheil-
!,;ji J' .1 K'inc wild l-'owl. A Spirit ot Mutiny loon
!':,w,ii idelf .iiiiongft thife unhappy Men ; for, on the
|i,t;i, til;' lt)ithvaiii lie.ng on bond tlie Wreck, made a
;.c.\M tor a Boat lo come on board; but, finding no Ap-
i;i";rjiK.: of any, lie brought a Quarter-deck Gun to bear
oiihf Ca(it,iiii's 1 lut, which grazed over it, without iloing
„iv, i.thir Danug". As foon he came alhore, the Captain
Krtlis IliU.k hini a Bhjw with his Cane, tiiat kiifKkeit luin
liuMi, .iii.i lie lay irotioiiieis, and, to Appearance, d^ad,
U; \[}.nc liiiii. When he came to iiiinfeif, and faw a I'lllol
<,(!uvl in the Captain's Hand, he prefeMtcil his naked
iiruil to him i but tlie Caj>rain only told him. He deferveil
tub. lliut 1 and laid no more tlitn. This is a Dcmunllra-
iiuinfih; lenii'irthcy were in on all Sides. If they had
lAo'.iliie Care, tliey migli: certainly have made theinli.iv..s
v.iyi.iiy in the I'laie where I'rovidence liad placed tiicin ;
|>r, UlUes that they were vil'ued by the Indiwis, who be-
luviil very wi.ll towards them, tliey "u' ab'Jiidanceot tilings
{\X iit'tht Ship, and of fuc.h thinj,-, .^ ■• cannot help woii-
,'ii;'n liow tlicy came there i i-iz ' ■ Jliells of W,ix-

un.iks (if all M/.'.'S iJalesot Cloth, . ■ uigs and Siiois,

With Icnv.' Clocks, and other mer>.ai...;. »i arcs, with whicli,
Uj-i]]f Author, the .Ship w.is thronged.

ii'jt, mill 111 ol taking the belt Mealuies pulFible for tlitir
owii Security and I'lCiCivation, they were coiitinuaily con-
u.wf.g lacii other's Ucilruc'lion. 1 hey had not been on
C;i,r abuve tliree Weeks, beiorc eleven of them formed a
Urlij^n til Id .waig up tlie Captain, the Surgeon, an'.i a
l.ifiiur..uit ol Marines, in tluir 'I'mt. On this Delign
lx;w, ilitcovcred, tiny delated ; but the Train tluy had
I'.l lor ixceutiiig their villainous I'urpole was found, and
j|ixjri.'.!ailc..r 'l\ llimony of the Truth of the Faiff. Soon
jlui,.il)i(hirbaiKe happened, in which Mr. /Ifnry Cozen,
Mi.fiiiiiiim, was lliot by the Captain on 'jfuiie lo. and,
mtlk .:.jtli, he dicil. At tins time, there were forty-five
> ,.:iu-a iluul fiiKc tiie Ship llrutk, and too liill remained
i:i"iii!ielilantl. It happened, that a Midftiipman on lioaid
ti.:// .i^iT had borrowed from Captain (ic\ip Sir Jchi A,ir-
i..;i,(i'b Vi)ya;^e to the Soudi Seas i whiui tailing into the
Ibiicsuf Ionic of the Oifkers, they immedutely loriiicd a
I'lgni.l III gthii.ing their l.<jngboat, and endeavouring
I'll -.1 t'lrough th- Sir.ights lor the Co.iil of /ir.//;,', tho'
-;ii. Diiljki- ol 6.)0 Leagues. It was tcii.iinly a very

■ I'l-gii, ;md a very ilrong 'lellmiiiny, tlut lin^lijh
^'Jaiiiluve Spiiic niough to uniiciiukc aiid execute any
■'•i ; , tlut IS III the l'(,wer ot Man.

.\s luon as this l<Lli.hnion was taken, they drew uj) the

*^'iiK l'a|vr, whiih wus ligned by the Carpenter, and

'■''')\.^\) Diliurs and Si-meii, as alio l>y Captain Puti-
" '■■, aiKJ ivM) Liiutenaiits »>( Marines : ' We, whole
' ^11 c'l are under nr.r.ti ned, do, ujkjh mature Conli-
' 'Miiwi, as we have met with fo happy a IXlivtraiae,
' '""v It the kll, lured, and moll file Way, for the I're-

' ''«-m III the Hoiiy of I'lople on the Spot, to proceed
'■ '"'illitlie.Streights of MuiiiHan Un l:>nldiid : Dated
I '■ i 'leluLik- liland, on the Coall ot' Puia^onui, in the 1 .a-

|''J''eol4; South, and Well Longitude, liomtheMc-

'' 'J" kI London^ !) i ' .jo , in the South Seas, this faoiid

eoiid
I .iu^ujl^ 1741.' 1 his I'.iper they tarried to the
'1 iWil LilxHiivd all thev lould to eiig.ige lam to
1 «idi their Defile i wliidi, ho^sever, li.id httlc

34?

Effedl 1 for lie made abundancR of Obiecliolv , fuggofling
to them, that they were not above one hundred Leagues
from the lllaiid u\ Juan Fernandez \ that they were but at
a fmall Dillance from the Illand of Chitoe, allowing, how-
ever, tii.it it was not likely, tiiat they lliould liiul the Com-
modore at the lirll-mentioncd Pl.ice j b. caiife, as he affirm,
ed, he was politively inilrufted to attacic Btildtvia, a Port
ol Chili ; nor that it was probable they Ihould ilo any Good
at Cbiloe. In all this, however, he only temporized \ for,
when they prclVed him for a direct Aiilwcr, he flatly de-
clared, that he was not refolvcd to go that Way. This
produced new Dilorders and Seditions ; till at laft they
relblved to rid theinlelves of the Captain's Authority alto-
gether : And, to do this, they could not find a better
I'retence th.in to make him Prilbncr for the Murder of
Mr. Cozens -, which accordingly they did on the ytli of
OtUbcr in the Morning, feizing liini in his Bed : Upon
which Occalion the Captain behavetl with great Spirit and
I-'irmnefs, declaring abfolutely, that it never was his In-
tention to comply with their Delign of going through the
Streights of Ma^elliin, and that he was preiiared for any
I-'atc th.it might befal him ; only lie teemed to relent the
Conduct of his Officers, who had put themlelves at the
Head of the Mutineers.

One cannot help lieing furprifedat lb odd a Tranfac'^ion,
or forbear wondering to lee, that the greatelt Harellhips,
the moll intolerable DiltrcUcs, cannot alter the Frame of
the human Mind, or change, tor any Length of Time, the
Difpoliiiou of the Man. Capt.iin CbMp had governed
delpoiically on board, without ever confuking his OHicers,
or taking i'ains to gain the AiiciHioii, as well as to fecurc
the OiK'ditnt'-, ot his People, He afteftcd the fame
M.ii.ner of acting, when fliipwrccked on a defert Illand ;
and, iiillead ot encouraging the People to live peaceably
and harmonioiiily together, and to concur in every thing
necclliny for the common Good, he fliut himfelf up in his
'lent-, ilfued his Orders trom thence, with great Loftincfs
of Mind -, and, while he was carelcfs of the common
Safety, lliewed an e.xcellive Jealoufy of his own Authority.
It was this kind of Management that put the other Oilieers
upon contriving how to return home, without waiting tor
tht ir Captain's Directions : So natural it is tor People, in
all Cafes, to believe they are relealed from the Duty of
Obedience, when their Governors torgct to protect
tlum.

Tile Scheme of palTing through the Streights of Mc^cl-
Lm took Kile from the .Accident 1 have before-mentioned ;
and, I mull ccnttls I think it a Misfortune, that they hap-
pen d to meet ssich that Book; lor, if th; ir Minds h.id
not been prepoll'eired with a Notion, that this was the only
Way by winch they could return, they might, undoubt-
edly, have found a nearer Pallage ; for, in the Latitude of
50' South, there is a Gulpli, on the Coall of Patagonia,
whieh runs very far within-laiul, from whence they might
have rowed up the Rio de »'./ Ciimpf.n,!, wliich falls from
a great 1-ike in the I leart of the Country ; out of which
there runs another Kivcr, tlut falls into the North Sea,
not tar from Port Si. 'JuUm; which I'allage may be about
tourliore I eauues, or at moll one hundred, and would have
laved them all ihiir tcdiou-. \oyage through the Streights
of MiigdLm, and trom tlience along the Coall of /'.z/<7/o«w,
to that very Port of St. Julian. But the former P.ulage
being once projioled, and the Captain endeavouring rather
to fhew them, that tins was inipraeiicable, than to point out:
any other lliorrer or better i'aHage, the Difpute I'erved
only to divide and dillr.iCt them, and to create llich Dilii-
lulties in c.irrymg on the important Atl'air of lengthening
then Longbuat,\ipon which, at all Kvtnts, their Satcty
de['CiKled, th.it the Carpenter, who had the Direction ot
it, ran ni.id with repeated Dilappoiiitmuits ; and it w.iswitii
very gicat Di.iicuity that the Delign w.is .it lalt accoiii-
phllud, and their new Nell'el linillitd in I'uch a nurner,
.is to be able to put to Sea.

1 am very lorry, that I am obliged to m.ike tlule Re-
llections whiJi tiem to bear haul upon .111 imtoituii.ite
Gentleman, lor whom I have the gn.ittll Tcndernel'; and
CiimiiaHioii : But the Ke.ider will tind them tully julliiied
iKiealter, when he rakes a View of the Coir.niodoiv's
Conduct ui ilie lame Ciicuinilanci.s : When he L.s luiu,

bkc

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■ill .■ SJ

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"^«liM -^nv

i' ■

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In '

I'ffl;

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1
»,

?44

7/;^ VOYAGES (?/

Book I,

l i wiS r'^'fi fiiiii

♦ ,

■I '

M ■%

mi I ^ '*' '

\ -

'ike Captain C/vrt/>, and with a fmallcr Niimbfr of Men,
On an uninliabitcii Iflanil, in a much worfc Situation, he
will there lee, tliat the Commoiiorc loit nothing ot his
Authority, but was reganlevl as the Father of thofe on
Shore, whofe Officer he haU Ixen at Sea. We may then
behokl him giving his Orders in that drl'ert Iflanil with the
lame Firmncls oi Mind as on board his Ship, and thofc;
Orders obeyed with equal Rcadincfs, btcaufc ei.couraged
by his own Example. There, indeed, Mr. /tniin w.is an
abtblute Monarch, and governed by no other Rule than
that ot his Will, bccaufe his People were lenlible,- troni
long KxiHTJcnce, that he had nothins; in View iMit their
Gooil ; and therefore thry knew no Iritereft, l«it that ot
obi-ying his Directions. He found hinitelr iinder no Ne-
cedity of talking of his ConiniilTion, and the Laws of the
Navy, btx-aufe he licrived his Authority from an higher
Source, (hcAftVcVionof his Ship's Company. Ina Word, his
Virtues I'ecured him, not only from Sedition, but from the
very Sufpir.on of it -, and thofe wiio fha'ed with hni> in
tlut Hanger, intlead of retleding on the Accident with
Horror, Dill remember with Dehglit that Pirture of
primitive fiovernment, in which fufjerior Abilities gave
a kind of divine Right to Empire. But to return to that
Scene of Conliifion wliicii we kfc fo lately.

After fcizing their Captain, and linifhing the Vcflel, in
which they were to embark, the Crew of" the IVa^tr
thought of nothing but getting on boani their Sea-ftore5,
anti leaving the difmal i'lacc of their Confinement -, but,
bi fore they liid this, they thought fit to draw up a kind of
Inllrunient of Dei^ofition ; winch, Ixraufc I believe it is
the lirll of its kinti, and as fingul.ir in its Form as in its
Mattir, 1 fhall give ,t the Reader in their own Words :
' Wherexs Captain David Cheap, our Commander, in his
' Maielly's Siiip the If'nger, never confulted any of his

* Officers for the .Safety and I'refcn'.ition of the fai<i Ship,

♦ and his Majelly's Subjeds t'lereto belonging; but fevcral
' times, llnce the unhappy I, ofs of the faid Ship, he has

* been iMicitcd, in the moft dutiful .Manner, promifmg

* him, at the lame time, to fup])ort his Command, defiring
' no more tiian to gooff Heart and Hand from this Place

• to the .So.ithw.ird ; which he gave his Word and Honour
' to do •, a;id, lying almoll reaily lor failing, did apply to

* him fome lew D.iys pad to draw up lomc proj>er Ar-

* ticks, in order to prevent Mutiny, and other material
' 'I'iiin^'i, which we thought r.eceiTary to lie .igired to
' btfore we went off-, but h:-, in the moll tlornlul Man-

• ner, hath rejefta! every thing pro|H.(Vd tor fh? jiublic

• Good : And as he is now a Pnloner, and the Command
' given to the I.K.utenant, Uj on his .Approbation of the
' following Articles: 1 irl>, as we have no Convcniency
' for drefTmg Provilicas on board the Vcfli-i for a third

• Part of the Number to be carritii off the S|wf, therefore

• have this Day ferved our, to every Man and Boy, twelve
' W'.y^ Provilion for th'^m to drefs ix-fore we go off : And
' alio it IS agreed, th.at whoever is guilty of defiMuding

• anotlier of any Part of his Allowance, on lufficienr
' Pr'Kit tl-.irfot, the I'eiiijn f-iund guilty, without any
' UiCiKCt (f Perlon, Hull lie ])ut on fliore at the firit con-
' Venn nt PLce, and letr tlierc : .Secondly, m regard to
' the Bdut's going oft' with us we think proper to allow

* (jik: Week's Provilion tor each Man apjKjintetl to go in
' them, m nn'.cr to jii event Separation from eat h other,
' whi.h would be of the woHl Conlei]iience of any thing

• tlut canh.ippcn to us : To prevent wliich, we do agree'
' that, when under Way, th-y rtuli not Icparate, but al-
' ways keep within Mutquet-fhot, and, on no Pretence or
' Fxcufc wlutluever, go Ixyond that Reach: The Officer,
' or any oth< r lVrfi)n, who lliall attemiJt Separation, or
' exceed the .ilwvr-mentioncd Bounds, (hall, on Proof, lie
' pu. on fliore, antl h-ft behind : Thirdly, it is agreed, in

• order to luppn fs Mutiny, and prevent Broils and (juar-
' relo on lv>ard the VeflM^ that n„ M.m fhall threaten the

* I.i.'e (.1 another, or ofTr Vioinice in .uiy Shaiie ; the
' Olfcndir, witliout any ref|X(tt of Station or (^lality,
' being f nind guilty, fi-.all k- pur on lhor<-, andli^tt Inr-
' hin.i : I-ouri,ilv, we I'.o •i;'rec, what- vcr l-'owl, liib, or
' N.KfUric, ot I, ill, w. ihailh.ij,! eii iij nuet with in our
' l'„Hage, t!ie lame lliall b.- ilivuled am.,n!', the Whole;
' oi'.d It Captain JUnJ (.hfc.p (lull b- put o;- board a Pn-

• foncr. it fl\all not be in the I.ietitcn.int's Powt tof' /

* him." 'I hefe Articles were ligned by the I.uiit,ii"|,[
Mailer, Boatfwain, Gunner, Carpenter, Purler, thit>; M '
fliipmen, and altovit forty other People.

When this Refolution, or rather this Revolution, wy
intimated to Captain Cheap, by Mr. Bulkelry tjic Ciu'nn;r
he delivered himfelf to this Purpole, in tlv- Hcirmi; o'
mort of the Ship's Cdmpany : I am to Ix- c.irrifd Priioncr
to England; Gentlemen, I (hall never live to fie /•.>(?,«/
but die by Inches in the Voy.age •, and it is furprifi'i;" "^
me, to think what you can exjx-ft by going to the JiTOh.
wanl, where there arc ten thouland Ditficultics to be encoun-
tered with : I am lorry lb many br.ive Felbws llinuhi iv
ktl to go where they are not acquainted, when, by jo;;^,.
to the Northward, there is the Illand of Ch:lo(, not ab-jv'
ninety Eeagties, where we need not fc.ir t.ikint; l'ri,ix
and may have a Chance to fe theCominodor.'." Toth's
the Gunner made AnIWer ; Sir, you have faal, that we
fhall be calleil to an Account lor tins in /•'«;• .'.;W; j n:i:!l
tell you, for my Part, had I been guilty oi ;:r.y C'riin",
and was lure ot being hanged for it in t\!it':d, I wix
make it my Choice to go thither, fiiorcr than totlteNor;!;-
ward : Have not you given your Word and Ho.ntur to
go to the Southward ? It is true, there i< a Chance in s^o-
ing Northwarii, ofdelivtring us from this unhappy Situ-
ation of Life to a worii', -./z. a Span-.jb Piitun. i!i: Cap-
tain then fan! no more, bur, (icntlrmen, I willi yo'.i\i;;i,
and fafe to En^laml In this uiihicky Situation, (.'jpii
Cheap determined to try, whether it vva, not p.ulTibic !o
obtain an Alteration in the Rcfulutinn ot t!ie IVnpb, a;
leaft with regard to himfelf, i fpecially as it wi.'nt no fairliT
than dt firing he might not be obliged to mak.: a Voyag!
againft his own Judgment -, but be left on th:ir li'.iv, ;j
take wh.1t Courf'e tor his own Safety lie flioiild t!n:i!; i.!.

This Demand ot his docs not fccni to have I>cwiri.!.;liil
by the Commander of the 1 .and Forces, w Iw tliou:!,!,
that, a.s they h.id confined Captain (J.h\ip for M'..n!.-:-, i>,:y
were bound to julfily th.it Act by bringing h;;.) liuni; tj
Ix- tried tor it j but the relt of rhe Crew tlioiigh: ( t'lcrwi;;-,
for Reafims that will liwn apprar : They confented tiifafa
to the Captain's Rcqucll ; and, at the lame time, dcclii'.ii,
that if there were any who had a Mind to fliy wi:h t',:
Captain, they were at full Liberty to piirl'ije their own
.Sentiments in that reljx'iit ; and went farther, by otferirg
the Barge arul the Yaul for th« Service of fuch ;u accqt-j
of this Pno[x)lal, that they might not be delbtute ot thj
Means of getting off the Illanti, if the Captain O.oaid
make any Propofal for that Purpole. I ilo not pretrJ
to decide fo intricate a Queftion, as who was in the R.ghr,
or who in the Wrong, in the Management ot this Aiir,
1 have already intimated, that, poinbly, there m :;!i: hf
Faults on lx)th Sides : But this, i think, I may i-.-.v. l.cav;
to fay, without Fear of Contradiftion, that, as TliinjistM
ftood, there was a great deal of Hum.mity ..n.! (>«xi-
n,itur:' in this Part of the Seamens Contliii^t, who \c\:(x^
Commander the lame Lilx-ity they took their.lclves, r:\
did not pretend, after deiniving him of his ComiiiaiHlovr:
them, to take from him alfo the Command over l.im: i:.
It rarely hapjKns, that a Man, long veiled with I'ow:;,
and who has any \'irtues, gains no prrloi.al l-rit-w'si ^'^
Captain Cheap, how unlucky li>cvcr he nii[;'it he m '"'■'■
Conduct as a Commamier, had, .i"; a (jL:i[!e:iu:i, '■■»
many gooil (^lalities to be totally det'cricd, tho' ili"--
were but two who at tirft embraced this Pioporuiciu^
Haying with the Ca]>tain, r/2. 1 aeutenant llmi'an u\ the
Marines, and Mr. /•Jliot the Surgeon ol ttic .'>lii
chol'e rather to fliare any Hardfliip wirh ilieir (Jifictr, tha:
be guilty ot fo mean an Ai'lion as deleitiiii:; hnn in k- I':-
llicls. .As I cannot pretend to ccnfurc tiie ConJii.'t ■■>: t .o
Ship's Company, for doing, what, piMhais N-'"''''
obliged them to do, lb I cannot foilx-ar coinnicmlii^i; 'f'"
Honour ami Fidelity of thele Ci: ntlenien in rriius".:K
with their Friend. There is a wde Ditilrenc;: ln'w'''^
alx'tting the Abul'es ot Power, and prelrrvin;; Kfl|'"' '''
the Officer who is thouf'ht to ab-ife it ; ami tho..^'i r >
Ties ui perfonal Fnendlbip ought to induie any (j !'■■ '
man to Ix- an InlViimcnt in the toiiu' r, y.t tiny " ■') ^'''
well jullily the latter.

w.no

I,,-.

chap. I.

George Anson, Efq;

347

(In the \-!.i'\ o'S OHohcr \\k Ship's Comp.iny launched
iTirncwN'dli-i wliiili tiny callcil tlic SpffJivfll, ami l)t{;an
;/„,,, on hoanl their I'rcvilions. 'I'he Captain on his liilc
now tiirnfil Ins 'Iluniglits to providing tor his own Sccurify -,
anil ilurctorc dtlired, that tiic- (^iitftion might Ix; afktd of
tir Dcfc-rtirn, whether they would (oilowhis l-'ortunts, and
trileivoiir to proctcd to the Northwanl i" which was acrord-
,i,iilv lione, and tight of thim reailily embriced th( I'ro-

wliicli the Ship's Company agrted to make a

Livirtionahic Pivifion of nnlit.uy Stores and iVovifions, for
ihiUliot ihi Captain, and thole wJK) (laid with him : And,

' have confidercd the Inronvcnicncics and DilTJcuitics to

* be attended, whi re fo gr( at a Number of People arc to
' be carried oH": 'J"h( relore we Iiave rcquelhd, anddefircil
' of tlie Officers and Company remaining of the fame Vef-
' fel, to put usonlhore, with fuch NecelTariesof Li!e, as
' tan be conveniently fpared out of the Vtflel. We of cur
' own Free-will and Choice do indemnity all Perfons from

• ever being called to an Account, for putting us afliorc,
' or leaving us behind, contrary to our Incfinations. Wit-
' nel's our 1 lands, on board the Speedwell Schooner, in the

l.at. 50' 40' South, this Kth Day i)i' November, 1741."

attiiclJ'nt.' time, to keep up that Ap|)earance of Regularity This was figned by Matthew Laiiglcy Gunner's Mate, and
tlut hat' liitlurto ken prelerved in ihcir I'roceedmgs, they ten more, who were landed on the Coall of Patagonia.
Jrw up aiiotluT Papi'r, containing the Motives to their The Scheme they went upon was the tinding the Cutter 1 or,
CwiiliK't, in the following Words : ' Thefe arc tocertity it they did not lijcceed inihat, making aCar.oe thcmfelves,
• the Kv'ht 1 lonoiirable the Lords CommilTioners for ( xc- in order to return to Caj)tain Cheap,
' curii'ii tlic Oditeof Lord High Admiral ot l,real Bri- It is impolliblc to dcferibe the iMifL-ries they endured in
' /*«, Tlut we whofe Names arc undermentioned, dii their PalTage thro* the Slrei^hts, where, from time to time,
H^g' Leave to a( quaint your Lonlfliips, i hat Captain they went aftiore, to Ihoot and filh, but with very little
' Dii-.-J Chiap, our late Commander in \w Majelly's Ship Suecefs : They likewife law the Indians, who inhabit the
' //v^iT, luving publicly declared, that 1- will never go Country, frequently, but could obtain very little Alliftance
' off this Spot, at his own Ri-quell defins to he lift be- from them ; and yet, in the midll of all this iMili.ry and
'hind; hilt Captain /'^w/'fr/i;;;, of his Majelly's Land- Diftrels, they made a Market of each others NccelTities; fo
' Forces, having confined him a l'rif(jner tor the IJeath of that, by the 15th, Flour was fold amongit them at twelve
')Ax.Htnn Cczens, Midlliipman, with Lieutmaiu //./- Shillings a Pound in the Mtjrniiig, and before Night at a
' k;;/c'.' tor breakiiiy; his Conlincmeiit, did inllrt on deli- tiuinca j and in the mean time many periflicd, tor want
' VLii.ig thorn, upon the Beach, to the Charge ot Lieutenant <•>! having Money or F.tfefts, to purchale wliat was necelFary
' Rms : But lu-, w.th his OtHcers antl People, coiil'ulting to full.iin them. By thi- End of the Month there wtre

lit or eight dead of mere I lunger •, and one Thing Mr.
Bulkeley iiitorms us of, that is very lingular, i/s. that all
till fe People grew light-headed a little before their Death •,
and. lofing all Senie of their Mifery, laughed and jelled

' tht ill Conlequences tliat miglit attend carryinj'; two Pn-

luner? o.i in lo Iniall a Vefl" I, and lor lo long .md tedious
' aMigc as weaie likely to have •, and as they might have

Ojipurtunities of ai^tiiv

[rovf

til tiic

p.,

luth Things in luret, as mav

ilclltu:tivc to the whole Body; ami alii), in rcL^aid till the very Moment they exp'red. On the 6ih of Hep

chief Article of Life, as the greatefl Part of the tcmber they went afliorc on t!x South Side of the Streigbt,

':o\'.e miiil l)e obligcil at every i'lace we Hop, to go on and purchaiLd trom the Indians two Dogs, three (jcefe, and

' lii.r.' :n.Se,'.rihot IVm ifions; and there bing now no his a I'iece ot a S(ale. 'riieie Indians, as they defcrib>: them,

■ ii:.;:ui!;!uy oneSeuls in this linall VtlTel, which we hope are People of a miiidle Starure, and well fliaped. Their

' M hL- iidiveiril in : We thvrelore, to prevent any Di'h-
' «;it;fs to he added to the unloreleen wc have to eneoun-
' ttrwith, think prop<T to agree, in order to previ-nt Mur-
' tier, to comply with Cap'tain Cheap's. Requell. The
' Sjrg'.on alii) begs Leave to be lelt w:th him. Dati il on
' Kvirj till' >pe:i:::ill Sthoonir, in Cheap /hn, tins i4t!i
' Dayo; ():ickr, 1741.'

Tills l'.i;x.r was ligiud by t!;e I .ieiiteiiant. Mailer, Boat-
i«:ii,Gunner, Carpenter, Surgeon's Mate, and two Mallei's
W.trt, as well ai by Captain I'cmicrton^AiA the Surgeon of
t,; Land-Forces, It was figncii the very Day tliat tiic
I'Mji. embarked ; and as we are now come to that Point,
i!n:.i \x neCcfTary to give adillinft Actount ot their Lm-
ixi;k.'.t:on. The Number of Pciibns cngaju'ii in this bold

Complexion of a tawny Olive-colour ; their 1 lair exceeding
black, but not very long : T'hey have round I'aces, and
fmall Noles, their Fyes little and black 1 their T'ecth arc
finooth and even, dole let, and of an incomparable White-
nets ; they are very adive in Body, and run witli a furpri-
fing Agility ; they wear on their Heads white teatheretl
Caps, their Bodies are covered with tiie Si. ins ot Scales, and
Giaiiiacoes or /;;./.■.;;; Sheep : As for the Women, they Heel
at the Sight of them, fo that tliey were able to give no
Detinption of them.

On the 7th they entered I'rejh vcater Bay, where they
lilleel one Caik with WatiT. On the Sdi tluy .irrivcd at:
Elizalnib's Ijhnl, where they met ntither with Wood nor
Water, as they expefted. On the 1 ith they ran the Boat

l)ei:gn of pafTing thtough the Strcights ot Marei/an in on Shore ; and alter they got her oft", were li) fortunate as

biWi was cighty-one, of whom fitty-nine took tluir Pal'.
■^a tic :<pecdivell, twelve in the Cutter, and ten in the
Birg'i but liuwever it w.as not long Ixlore lome of them
fiurj^tJ : For thofe who were in the Bar^:e altered their
Strt'.T.ents in a Day or two, ami returned to Captain
^•'■■:;i fo tlut now the Fxpedition was reduced to two
iKi.l Vclkls, witli fventy-one Men C)ii board. In the
vtri- i-r.tiante of the Stieights ot Magelian they lound thcm-
l-ivis oiiiiiTfil to ab.indon the Cutter : T'his was on the
tsir.lol No'jcnljcr, and gave thole who were in the Sp.cd-
'id inaprellible Concein ■, however, on the lixth they
M witii her a;^ain, and took her in Tow, but that very

N.;;h; Hic

*J- i:;'.er h en more.

1 i s AccKient,.ind fome Difputes that an )fe among tliem-
■'■i", occaliuiud futh Feuds ami Animolities among our
^-v,"tiirirs, that a Paity to<jk it into their i leaiis to Ik-
Wa'iior:-i to whieii tile relt, lindiiig themfelvcs exceed-
"'pycroudal, leadily agreed ; but at the lame time inlill-
"i!p<3:i luvms^ a Certilicate Irom them, that this was not
«Act (,t Conipullion, but the Relult of their own De-
|i'-- And this Certilicate, as I luve hitherto given all their
'«r^ 1 think it alfo ne\ell.iiy to tianlcrme. ' I'hei:-

■'"'■'ccruiy the Right ilunojiable the Lords Commil-

>-■■!. tor exctuung the Oihce of Lord 1 ligh Admiral
> '■ '-'■"•'' ^''■'/''•''. W< Fhat we whole Names are under-

■"--Jiied, lincc liie Misiwtunc ot loling the Cutter,

to meet with fielli Water, with which ih.y filled all their
Cafks at once. Fhe fame Day they liiw Cape Firkin Miity,
which is at the oppolitc Extremity of the Strcights, through
which they had now palled in about a iMonth -, tlie Length
ot them, according to their Computation, being 116
Leagues. On the 12th, having doubled the Cape, and
(leeraig along- lliore, they law three Men on Horfi.back,
tilling towards them ; when they were over-agai.iil: thein,
th= People llojip'd, and nude Signals, waving tlieir llats,
as it they iletired to fjx-ak with them •, upon wliich they
edged dole to the Shore : Here they law leventeen more j
live of them only were on llort'cback, and n)de in a Line

broke loofc, with one James Slrujard in her, and tK-fbre, and the reft were on Foot, and h.id a confiderable

Drove of Cartle : They anchored within a Mi'e of the
Shoir, and the People Itill continued riding along the
Be.ich, waving white Handkerchiefs to them, and making
otlur Signs, by which they invited them on Ihore, to
which they were well enough inclined, and did .ill they
could l)oth that Night and the next Morning to conipals it ;
bu; io no manner ut Purpole, the Wind blowing lb Itrong,
that they were obliged to quit the B.iy.

On the 16th they arrived di Poi^iiin Ifland, and pro-
ceeded liom theme to Port Dejnr, v,lure tin y ir.et with
Sele and Fowl in abundance. I'lio Caijienter being on
lliore here, found a I'arcel of Bricks, liini • of wliicli h.nl
JA'tteis cut in the.Ti : Ui)oiione, tliele Words were very
legible, " Cai^rain Strait jn, 1 Cmnon, i u S 7 :" W Inch they
4 T conceived

fc'mli;!!

•Hill

liifcl

yl|l

I ■:

iHllpw'

'■'Is "

;t!''in

<0^!

i»

';- >

'Wt

1
i

' I'

:!t:

ili

' 1 1

wk'^:

mi.

546

//r VOYAGES of

Kook I.

nmcfival to 1-^ tin- Token ofa Wrak •, am! I (oiia'tiiic,
iliat lb iviar.v I'ims 1)1' Cir.non were huruil tluaalHuts
nr.vl that tlKli' Bricks were placal as a Mark to liiul tluin
by. 'Ili(y ililiowrai /V.i^f's Well, as tk-lciibed I7 Sir
Jcbii A,ir/>rmt?J>, am! turnithi'il thcniltlvcs witli Wat^r.
ill re iluic aiolc mw 1 lit'piitcs amimp tiie IVojiK' 1 lor
tliolL- wlui wire able to aDill in working tlic WlTcl, wonki
jici'vls yut the Matiius to halt tluir Ihurt Allowance, tli.il
is to lav, whm tiicy rtriivccl a I'oiinii ol I ixur, tiny in-
liilei!, that twmtv ol tlicir Ni:nibir lluuiKl receive bi.t
Iiolt a I'oiinvl. On the ^oth ol Dfumhcr tluy Uileii out
ot IVn n,/:rc 1 larlxmr, Ihinns', latl Noith calh On the
;Sth liiey iliviJeii all their iiuiir, wimh anuuntal to
three I'liuiuis ami an hall a Man, On the loth ol jMUary
rhey nia.ic a kimi ot Kcview ot their C'onv,uny, v.-hieh was
now reiiue.i! to kirtythrec, and ol tlule oiily liltuii were
abi.- to llaiul ; ami that very I'venin;;, jiiil a? they law the
Shore, they loll <««: ol their NnmKr, Stijeant Rin^^l.
All their i'rovifions eonlillcil in a Iniall tJii.intiiy ot llink-
ina Seic, anii 'iji^tity (iaikjn-- ot Water.

Ihf mxi Day tiuv |nit into a Uav in the L.atiuiJc ot
38° 40 So'.itii, wluth they thoii^^ht tit 10 call >hca!-'.vatcr
Pay, the Weaher tvir.;; toleralilv ta:r. As they li.iii now
norhiii- (,n lK,arii tht Vcricl to (at, ami but one Ci'-k ot
Watir, to ihit th>ie was a Neceliity ot pettinj.'; on Ihore,
thoiij;h the Suit ran li) iii!!,h tlut it was niiiH)ilil'k to in-t
the Veliilne.ir it, it \v.is at lalt agriCil, that liuh it th.'
IVople :w rou.il Iwini, llioukl attempt it, tur tii.ir own
Sakes, as \ ell as tiie common Hi nc lit ; ajui .iicorilin[;ly
loiirtcen ot tluin Irapeii into the V. ater, and all, ixeei>ta
Marn'.e, pit lile o;i ftniTe. They threw ever to them
tour '^iaiter-cA;>ks, with two Fire-loeks ticti oneaeii Siiic,
uitii a lin;!! Cu.iiU.ty ol AmiViunition. \Mien tic I'u,; le
laniieii, liny I'.il'covered a kige tiat Beat!!, with'i.t 1' i ouih
as a Bulli prowing <.n it. I'iitrc were, however, thuuluu;s
oti lories ai-.ii no;;s running in Droves ami abumlancc ot
St!e ;ir:J Parrotson iheKixks. Ihcy lixin fliot a gmxl
Numb.r ot the tormer ; and, limiing one ol tlirir tHiarriT-
« .;sks i^akv, tin y broke it to I'lccis, in oriler ro ir.ake a
lire, by wliicii ihey I'.relitis th ir >ui'pe.'. As lor inc
poor People in the Boar, ti.ey wu.- rear enough to tec
il-.e Qiiarterstii Selc wluc.'i tiair Cnmpanions liad provukii
tor taem 1 but the Sea ran lb very lugh, tiiat it was iir.pof-
liile tor them to reaih it. Ax. I..11, th.y [jriijided petti: ir
one ot tii'.ir People to Iwan on Ihore, Imvin;^ no \\v r
than two in the Boat who were .ihle to rvviin -, but \,v oiU"
'WoiJ.l not run tl.; lia'..rJ, .;:.ii the other w,,s lu weak,
that, r.uhir tkaa luiier l.im to .utcmpt :t, tluy KJte an okl
Seie-.skm oil' rile 1 laiclr.s, whrre it had Ixeii nailed lor
tome time, and, having luirned away ti.r 1 lair, chewed the
halt broiled 1 .eatht r, in order to alTwage, in lijmc niealure,
the Violence ol thiir 1 lunger, 'i'he next Morning, tne
People o'l Ihore Ihot a 1 lorlr, am! a will Dog-, the
lortncr was br.m.ied on li'.s l.eit Buttixk, whiili Ihtwed
plainly, that they were ti:rned loofe here hy the Inhabitants
to teed, and were taken up ag.iin, as occalion required.
At nine in the Morning t!u y \eered in the Boat nearSh(;!e,
and made a Stage to hale up the Se.il. '1 he l'eo|)lc on
Ihore knt them, with mueh l>irticulty, three Casks of
Water ; ujon wIk h tliey lent on Ihore an emjity Quarn r-
cask, and two Breakers : .Soon alter levin ot liie JV()pli-
came on Ixjard with the Sele and lloife ; and the Wind
blew fo hard loon alter, that tluy were obliged to put to
Sea, and leave eight ot their People on lliote.

On the 14th, the Sea w.is lo high, tiiat it broke the
UudderluMd -, by which they were To c.dang. led, that it
was found abloluti !y requiht ■ to get out to ,Sea, without
Haying any Tonger lor the People on lliore, thuugh they
wire llill in Sight, 'io iuliity their Condu:t in this relivct,
as well as to allertam the Motives which induced them t;)
ad in this manner, they drew up the tollowing Paper :
' Tfieff are to cenify the Right 1 lonouialjle the louls
' Commid.oni rs lor cxeaiting t!.c Oiriee ol Lord ilgh
' Admiral of Onw An/a;;;, &;e. IIku wr, whole Names
' are under mentioned, having i.otlu;;g leit on lK)ard the
' \'cH<:l but one <^iarter-c alk ol Wan r, were obliged to put
' in to the tirtl Plaie we could lor Subfiilence, winch was
' 111 Irefl) u.-ater Bny, where we came came to an Anchor

ai :.ear a. e, ;■ tou!d

without cndangerinij tlic Vcirj, luv-
1

' ing no Boat on lioard, and a Iarp;c Suit on the .sim,. .
' Tlicrelore Mr. Kni^ the Biutlwain, Mr. Otmmim \\
' Carpenter, and Lieutenant t,-Mcrs, with eleven of t'
' I'eople, jumped overboard, in oider to Iwim alhore, wt
' three talks tor Water •, in wlmh .\tiimpt y,;w.; (,,.,.,,',
' iJ).;«)was drowned in the Sin I oft the ,*<iuiiv. Tin s j
' bice/.e, coming on, prevented the IVoplc g, itingonliuju
' the lame Nigliti iheielore, on ll'diun.Uy Moriimj; \
' being then lalm, they brought to tiie Beiiih theCml,
' lilled with Water, with sJe, and other Proviliops 7
' great Qiuiititiesi which we haled on l)oard. 1 he li,',,|..
' Twain, Carpenter, laeutenant Ivutri, aiul three m (i .
' People Iwam oil 1 but the Sea-biee/.e coming 111, ,.;■;; [,,,
' Surl rifing, tiie relf were diliuuraged Hum cuiiin- ■ ,',.■'
' Wc li.ileil a gixxl Birth olV tlie Shoie, where we Uv i;-.
' Kemaindir ol the D.iy, aiul all ihe Night, lliedrci'.
' ncls ol' the Sea broke oil our Kudder-head, ami wca.
' peCUil every Minute the VeU'el woukl loiiiidcr at r.;r
' Anchor. 'ii'Mr/ii/y Morning, wc law no I'lDliabihtv , i
' the Pi opk- coming aboard i mmI tlie W i..d cuniinir ci-
' ol the Sea, and not one Stiik ot 1 ir,.-wo(xl in the \i|;j
' to i!n Is our Victu.Us, and it ining evuy .vlaii's Op.ior
' that we mull put to Sea, or ptiiUi, we got up a Ikuti ■
' Calk, and put into it all luaniurol Neieli,aii..s, witiiu.r
' Small-aims kaiiied lo the Calk, and alAtter, tuai yx;-.
' them ol Ota Da;i^;ir ; winch Calk we law ihtiii luuv
' a.', alio the Ix'tter that w.ib in it. 'I'iiey ti,en I dwit.u,.-
' Knees, .iiul made Sign.iis, wniiini; us well ; at wimi; .,-
' got laiuer Sail, ..net kit our liietlirin, whole N.uiKi ;;•
' undir-iiuntioncvl. Date, la JrrJhv.uUr h,iv, enUu-'
' the .^i'l'tt'.ir// Si hooker, on the Coall of 6'««,i ..^jot,,,^
' in the I,..tituele of j;' 15 South, 1 Oiigitude inini : •
' Maniian ot l.oi:d<,tt 0^'- Will, tt.is i+tii Uay e: /.;,■!,.
' ary 1-41 2.' l Ins was n.'^r.n! 1 y tne l.iait.i .1: t, . ■
the rell oi the Cju ccis in boa.ei ; and t.ie i'eiiuiis i.;ti.i
llioie were eight piivate Sadors.

'I'liey were kit m that I'.nt ol the Southern C'or.iiner-,
which, in the !^p:.>-ijlj Maps is llikd the Ci.iirtry 01 :; ■
li-.mpas. It IS III very.iai;.,e l'..\tcnr, reaihins; lioni ::..•
iJ..y ol Si. Mi.i:b:ns to the Ironliers ot i!:c i'.Mvir.c,- -/W:.-
man, I ici I..ea{',ues lUrLtily North anil .'•outii, ar.i i.s .i;x;.:
one lull, 1.1 '., 01 lotiv-thi.ig more, Irom I'.ail 10 Wt::.
I h;- ^puniards arc not indeed jioliellitl ot it; buti.;
!\.itives I'o not hiiiiler tlum, oitlu-r inim drivirg tlur
Cattle thitlicr, or Irom p-iliiri; throuiji it wiili tli.iri..
r.ivans. Itcanncjl iheretoic Ik' tup;.)i'red, ihattiul.e.:
Seamen ran any gri.erilaz.iids <* nut wita ar^y n.i .■
Ditiicultus, th,ui ti-iC People did. at .Sc;:, but h,ii ratli,; ii
ealirr'J'Ki'.e of" if, one thing only ex.epted, win li s-i,
their Ixring left m an Kncmy's Countiy •, fince the Piic,
on which they were l.t tm Ihore, was not above- I'.vciv
l.eagius troni the Town ol li:t(noi .lyre:.

'Wk Spiediutli eontinued lUv ring alonn-lhori." tili rlif
liad palled the Mouili ot the Klvtr ot t'lutf, .md tin
with the Ciall on the other Sides wi-.ere, in the l.vtni;:;
ol the 19th, tiiey .inehored in a line kuuiy liti,', piolui./
luir the Mouth of that Rivei, and l<)on ater lawtw
Men (oming lowaids them on i ii^rleliaik. 'I'hi>wj-.i
joytui ^igiit to th(:n, liiiec it gave tiam li)me Aii'tiara-
ot meeting with Ketrelhment, and tiiey lud n:)r, aii':i
tinii, a lingle Dro;) ol \', ater on boirtl. On tlie :.'■'■
the liunner and Carpenter went on lliore, and, .« ^■•'^
lorimr 1 |Ajke /Vv/.x'tt.yc, lie liitercd iiito Dilieure wit"!
the Peoile, whoc.mie down on Horli back on piinHil.' m
ulk with them, 'llule F.iilts toki them laiily th.it th;v
Wile Spaiii.irJi and Pilhermeii ; .ulding, tii.it ilu' li'*''
they bdongid 10 lay two Days Journ-.y ironi thina. a I
th.it liie Name ot it \\n Mmu i':dio ; wbieii, aeior.i: ;
tn the bell Spanip: Maps 1 has'c li-en, lies alviiit tun>-
leagues up the Kiver /'i'r;;f, in tJr l.uifude el u' •'
.South, 'llule People inviteil our unhajipy /-'«?////!•/»« !'
their Caravan, whuh was aliout a Mile olV, ttlurir t:: »
entertained them with jerk-lxet, that is, Iket dn.-.i in ! '
.\ir, roalled and l:<jiled, with veiy {f'M).l white Rrd.ui. i""
lint tiling they thought ot was to puicli.de I'nine V'^' '
lions; but the People had none to fupply them «>'''. "
cvpt lix and-tweiity l.iuvisof white Bivatl, ot the.'-"':;
Two p-ny Loaves' in h.»\.'Jiw.d, lor wiiiih tiioy lirn''-''''
luur t.iiiiKVs i and 1 l4ing'er oblignl \\vi kn^!ij!i-wio:M' ■

Chap I.

G F. O R G F, A N S O N, F.pJf;

irt he who ItcinrJ to lie tlv Cliiff of tlu' Sf.viinrJs dc- 1 .iciircnaiit of th-Cmturhn, w.is intniflid wit!) tlic Coin-

I'mI totli'-m. iittl"^ '•>""■' ''"^^'' '''••' *'"'y '''''l'"'' t''''r maiul oflixty fivm Mi'n, ciiilwnnKd in tint.' Boats; onii

1 V , l>ir this Money •, ami tlut they (bould l«' nuvituhly (>» c-ifi^htpi-n Oars, rlv- nthor two ot c'h'Jic O.irs uuh, liaving

l;ji;;rd, it It wj'kiiown, tliat tlu-y hul lujiiilinl tlinn. Aii. tht- Spaiiilh Captain wirh liiiii as a fiuic'f. Tlv y k(pt iin-

p, '",„„( ali'fw.r.!^ parti il with ins !• inloiU, ami Ibnii- (iiT-(1nirf (lurii }r tlic Hill Part ol tlu' I'.Vinin", ami, about

\m,miaition, m lioi'fs ot a Supply ft' wiKl I'owl ; luit, ti-n at Ni(!;i;t, cnt.T:'.! the I'ort, a -d laii.lcd lalcly, \vitlioiiC

i„;;:it' UcatoM to rulptd, tlut tilt: SpaniiirJs intended (lime h inp; pitctiwd litlur by the .Ships or l''oit, Th -y niarclicd

it lX.ili">!> ''''7 K"' ''-''^''y "" •'""'■d, and continiit-d tliiir dirfftly towanlr, tliat liftlf I'ortivfs, which they mi(;!it havc

;,,,(.(■ to liio (iraHtU. taken by Siirpri/c, aiul withnur I .(ils, if tl;py had pioaedcd

Oa'thc 25i'i, died Mr. Thomas Clerk, who had brrn with any Re[;iilirity : Riit that w.is v.hat thi-ir (;f1inr could

Ma'.rol the /r-if'T \ as did his .Son on the Day lollowinj';: not prevail ui'cn them to ilo; tor ihcy no looncr law a few

r..:, on the 2()th, dial ibom.is Maclean, Cook on luurd l"po[,K' niov;np; .ibout, than rluy Ivfin to fitrupoii thfiiv,

i;'k Uincbhip, at the Aujc of eiyhty-two, probably (if Want -, which iftl.cy had not ^'oi'i-, thry misfit l'a>c m.uclic.l up to

lor liwy liail now notlimp; Init a littlo Water to llillain tin ni. th.i Walls v.ithout I')iflurbance. Their I- ire having; alarnud

t)iitiii i^tli, they eiitcred Rto Grande \ and a Portui^Ufle the I'l.ir-, and the (iarilon in the Fort, th" latter made fcvc-

Hoat coniiDi! mV, thry luirendcred to them. 1 lie (iovcr- ral HilMiarges ot their vSniall-arnis ;. by which they h.id out;

mrot thisi'lacc treated thmi in a manner, which def. rvr^, Man kilhd, and I'.v or !■ v.n woiHuied, 1 liis d d rot at

tj be iicrpitually n membereii : Mc wci t on bo.i;<l the all difcoura'^e the Sailors who ininief'i'.tcly jitiflud ii.rwr.r.lj

irieh'iH, amt ex.in)ined every I'art ot lur, inquired into and \'ery li.on loried tlv f .lies (,t' ti:e I'ort; upon which

tvcry little Ciriumllantc of' tlieir Voyat;'', embraced them the Spni::,i;;ls tied, an! ah.indoned the I'laee, which, iih

«;lli the utnioil Aftce'lion, afliired them ot all the Iveiit I in itlelf, was r.oi vi i y def'i nfible, the Works being in a very

hiU'ower, lent the .Sick to the Holpital, took the 1 .icuf- indilJVient Condiion, and the Cannon they had thrrr,

un:otthc//'rt;vr, and the Uind-offiecrs, tohisownl loule, which wu- not ;.b.,ve three vr four PKOf-.s, lioney-combcd

.:„1 oiilereil the Commandant to tec, that the relk wanted to llieh a dejj;ree, that they were not iir tor Ufc.

r.wnini;. i'liis was acting like a (jcntleman, an Ottieer, 'i'hc l\oplj of tin- I'own, who were moll ufthem in

;nJ a L'lmftun ; and is Inch a 'I'clU.not.y ot the I'aitli ntal their Beds, no fioner heard this Noile ot firing, than ihcy

H'jn'iiirol the Poy'-ti^uefe, as the En^lijb Nation ()Uij;ht ne- (rot ii]), ami made all the- H.ille th;y could to the »\!ountaii:s,

vtrto tirgct. Havinj5 conducled them hither, we lliall lialf-drelVed and h.ili'-naked. The (iovcrnor was amongft

wly ohlerve, that, ot Icventy-one who made this perilous the lirll who provided tor Safety by 1' light ; and his Hoiill*',

Voyiye, there were living, on the zHtli < f Ja;:tiiiry i;-4.'., which w.is the Ivll, and the M\ lurnilhed, in the I'late, was

«•■•■; (,t the tird that was plundered, the Sailors bei.ig allowed

icly thirty I'ert'ons ; .md tome ot them ilied alt.rwards.
As lur Mr, IhiHehy thetjiinner, and Mr. Cummins thcCar-
^vnttr, of t\K IFa^er, from whom we liave this Accour.t,
»hithtl'ems to be wiiiten with ;i,rcat Caniiour and I'la.in-

. 1 art as they rhouj'.ht I'.t, tor forne Hours. There
were t<)me rich Clothts and Hiiilliold-lhilV found in the
I'la-.e; but no plenty of Provifions : 1 loes, in no f;r:it

r:is they pr(xured a I'alKij.e toyVr/fc;f<;/, and fn m thence (^lantity, and abundance ot Poultry, were all they met

IS /.«^.'(m./, arriving; ai ^piihend, Jiiniuvs i. i;)?. It is
ru'.v 1 iiiic to return to the Commodore, wii.-an we Ictt criiil-
i.igin the Si)utli Seas, in order to infcrt this 1 lillory ot the'
Shipwreck (it u\Qli'r.;(ir in its ptoper Place.
\x. OnOcUler 20. 1741. tl-.c Conmioilorc, with his

•.ith, ana not more Water th.m was ntcelVaryto v.ar.i thenl
iloun, whi'. !i w.is jvxlirved
I'own tor their own Lie, as

1:1 Jars by the Pecp'c in th'j
having;; no ireih W ater in tlic
Plicr. 'I'hc Report of tl;is Place beini'; ^;rown ex'cefTively
lieli again diii not .'.ppear to 1-e extremely well founded, fincn
t*i) I'rim, were olV the Illands of /.oi'isj, in plain Lnglifl), t!ie Silver found litre did not am'aint to ;i!-iovc i ^o,cco
iuljiMk; for the Hp.viiarJj aiW the Sties /.o/w, tiom I'leecs ot Tarjit, exdufive-of two Chellsof Plate and Jewe's.
their Notion, that this Creature refembles 3 Wolt. Tiierc SeVi'ial .Metlages were lent to the Governor, requiring him
are t*u of thole llland.s called, inorderto dillinp;\i;l1i them, to ranfom the Pown, which otherwile would be l-urnt : I'ut
y. ;';; di Soiazeitlo, or the I.re::\!i;l lj!:nd of SdtS, an.l he w..uld lilUn to no I'ueh I'lopofd ; .ami therefere, havirg
U.'.s di Barloviftto, or the IVindn-ard IJLnd of Seles. The kept PotVeirion ( if it for three 1 )ays, and. nlled it eiVeelually,
V;r.aur ol thele is, in the Spunijh Maps, laid down ia the it wa; juvlged projx'r M let every t'iii.[; on lire, orcept the

and burn it ilown to the tiround ; wliiefi v

fanrudc of t" 25' .South i and the latter in 6" ? ; . On
tiV' :^ci, the .^'gua de Solavenlo, or I .eevnrd i^eedlc-pcint,
which is an high white Land, Inire from them, North-eali
iy lart, kvcn Leagues. The next Hay. about two in tlie
.•\!'anooii, they law a S-'il ; to which they immediarely
'^jvoChacf, and ca.ne U[) with her about fix in the J'.vcii-
t^, and took her. She was bound to tome Port to tht
>eutliwaril, with Plank and Iron -, and lb little Notion hat!
t;v ^fMuirds t.f any Eiia^lip Ships Ix'ing in thofc Sr.is, th.it
ilwLaiaain jiad his W'lte, ami two DrtU'Viters, or. board.

UieConinwHiore ord.ered them into Ins own Ship, and,
i.i.riii_,^ the 'I'line tl-.ey tontinued his Pnli :,.rs, entertained

Churches, and Inirn it itown to the Urounil ; wiiuti was
(ably done, f.nce the 1 loufcs were cqu. Ily dry and fligiit ;
fo that, when once lighted, tin- Town j-.relently b'azed troin
onebaid ot it to '.heoth.r. 'Phe Place is far frum b^ ingcnn-
iidcr.ibk- < ithcr by its 'I'raJe, its Strength, or its Situation.
All that can be laid of it is, that it allords a convenient,
untl, tor this Part of the World, a fate Port, wlure Ships
may anchor before the 'Pown in about ten Pathom Water.
'Phis is v.ry commodious for fuch 'Vellels as are bound eitlu r
to or troiii I'ti'huii:!, clp'C!,!;ly as they keep hire conllar.tly
Magazines praty well tilled with Piovil'.ons, whi. h, how-
ever, are biou;j!;ht thither trom otlvr Places; fortheCoun-

iiwa eonllantly at his 'Pable, taknig care to have the \\ o- try about Piiyfa ati'ords but little. Tlure were, at the t

m.a tre.itai w.ih fuch Rifp<-ct, as well as Decency, as made
iipeatlniiireHion, not only on them, but on the (.aptain,
*''.ot;.ive [he ComniudeTc a very diftinct Account ol the
^itaationol thmgs in that Part ot the Work!, and partiai-
■itvol the hide Town ot I'tiyin, on which tlie C ommo-
eorchada Defign ; a I'lacc ot'ten taken by our Privateers,
iM M ot all by Captain yheliode, in the Month of Mm

the 'I'own wiis taken, five Sad of Ships in the Harbour, niv,(
one at .Anchor in the Road. 'I'hc former they deilroyctl ;
and the I .i.uienant of the Trinl\ Prize was put into tht lat-
ter, whidi, however, they did not keep above a Port-
nig'

On the I ;th, ail things of Value being on board, aiu! t!;?
Town in Flames, they quitteil Payta. having lirll giv;:\
'7-0 ; hut, acconling to the Captain's Account, w.is now the Spmifh C.iptain a Cercifu ate, that whatever .Air.llance-
irettywtllrecovered, and the People in tolerable Ciicuni- " ' ' " ' '^ '" ' ■— ■ ■

'-.irces; 1 tierefore it was rclblved to proleeute this I'liligii.
•'•t I* tunc this Rellilution was taken, they were about

L-y Were al'out
I'MvLagiies Well .South- wen of the Place ; and, notwith-
■l-tneiiii. iliey nude all the Dilpatch in tluir Power, it was
•>«'-™iw (). wlirn they arrived within ten I .ciiMi. s of that
'.''ft. *heii the .Saddle of P.iua bote North Norih-eall, in
'!":l.atiimleof 5^Siuith. '

■'• On the loih, a little alter Noon, Preparation was
"i;'^' h;r .I'tafkmg the P'.uv, from whii h thev wire net
'"•"'■" ^''v- I'Ve Leagueb and m halt. Mr. Bret:, Iccond

thev reeeivcel Irom him was by Compullion, and having
made him a coniitlrr.i!)lf I'lell lu ior the I'.iins he luul taken.

10. On the iSth, at three in the .Mternoon, they faw
t\w Cictiiejlcr i which joined than about nine, the Ships
l.ilutiiig lach other with iin.tual Hu.v.as. 'Phe Ulonctjler
tailed Irom tlic Illmds orjri<vi Ferr.iwdez on O:to!'er i. and,
on the .'ill, being off tl.e lllands u^ Lotos, they difcovcred
a Imall Vdlel ; to which their two Lieutcnant-S and fevnV
Men, in the H.nge, gave Ch.ice, anil lo<5n came up with,
and made Pn.'e of her. She had in her eight Men and a
H«>v, anJ .n^pearud t a be laden with Cotton ; but, upon .i

ll:ict

:A§i'llf *

Ifili

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I' M-./ ■. '

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\'^':>Uy\

siS r.

'^\

,'(.%

7k' V () Y A G E S of

Book I.

, 4

ftria Search, thcv fouiul, iiiuU-r tlif Rii^s wliiili wcir lillul
with that CVmiiKxIity, Itviral J.us ll. iVol with K.i|'S
ainon';tl whiJi was a I'auil ot liokl, whidi tril very lut c
lliort I't i:o,<-L'0 I'lcas ol I'-ifJit, ;\ very nMilulci.Wc
I'urcliaiT, onlidtTinc the VelVcl was no k'ttcr tliaii a
Bark of the Bunk n of about four ions. On tlie .-0th
they tcxjk .mother I'ri/.e, which was lari;cr, l.ulm ihielly
with J'ijhifa Wine •. but llw hkfwifc li.ul iomv I'late on
fioarJ: Oi) the loth of Ncvtmhn they chafal a thini
Miip, hut ioll Sight of it the luxt D.iy. They hkewilc
affiriiK\i,that,in \\\\\m\\ hy Taytiu tlin faw a i.',rcat Smoke •,
but there luiii« fonie Doubt, whrtlier this niiglit not be a
1 iclion loninvckl to Rive them a 1 itle to I'ait ot tlie
I'lundcr, tlie (.oinmalore thouglit fit to oaler the Otiueis
journals to be brou<;lit on l)oari.l, aiul leale.l up, ilirectinj;
them to keep their Journals for tiic future in oilier
Books.

On the 19th in the I'.vening they palVeil Cape Bhnco,
in the I>atituJe ol 4 ;2 .South. On tlie 2()th they bumecl
one of their Pri/cs, .iiul (mi the .'ill anothtr. On the
22 J in the Morning they faw the lllaikl Ln l'l<ita, whuh
Irs in thcLatituJe ol 1" 5' South, 'Ihis I.'anil is at the
Dillai-.cc of four Leagues from Ca|ic .S'/. iMurtnct,
0.1 the Main; aiul, wli.ii lien at i DilUnee, looks like
two Mantis. It is about two 1 .laguts in C'ol11p.lf^,
very nxky, fprmkleii lure aiul-tlure with 'IVtes, an.i
affording no other Kificllinunt';, lave Water and WiKl-
fowl. On the 2 2 J, it was retolved to difi-liarge the ."I'/ij-
nijh Prifoners, bving lhenalx)ut leven l,ea;;ues iroinl.and.
Thrv Win-, thercloiv, to thcNumbtrof twenty, put on
board a iVp^w/Vi Launiii, with a!i lli)gll\e.id ol Watrr, and
twelve SpecKS of IJci-f and I'ork. liie fame l)ay iliey

faflld the Line the llcond time. On the ;7th, tlufctond
iieufnant of tiie (iloucfjlir, and the rell ot the Ciew
which were on lioard die l-'ii,'e,ri.tur;i'.d, after liavmj; taken
every thing out of her that was ut .'iny Value, and atier-
wards, fitting Iier on fire. Kit h( r burning.

17. On the ^d of DiiCniirr tliey pallid by the Ifland of
^tilo, fo okm vifited i^y tiie I'risateers, when i;i tliele
Seas. On the iwelith in th.' .M'ternoon thi y law a Sail,
and f;;ave Ciu'c ■, brit, upon oming uji with her, iV'Und
i'.cr the (jlc:u.'!i(r i at this time they lived i;raty n,uch upon
Tunic ar.d. Bonitos. On the 6th of Jufiu.vy they faw the
Illand of C. iS.', fo called by t'.v SpdiutirJs Irom itsalKiund-
ing with C'(x:oa-treis, Uaun;; North by \Vel\ .iliout leven
or eight Lcigues, On the : iih tlay found themlelves off
the I ui,anti iii C.oH ma ; it ap; cais with two fliaip I'caks,
tlut are C( nllantly fuioking : The Country alxiut it is
wondcilully pleaf.ii.ti ai;d, on the Mountain itlVII, there
arc large Herd:, of (. att!.- gra/ang, and fine I'lanuiiom of
Cocoa. On the 301)1 iliey li.id .'^iglit of tiic high I jnd of
A.ipu'.ic, which is very lingular, havrg an high round 1 lill
r.txt tlie Sia, and four M.jur.tains, iiliig graduallv behind
it, hig:v:r and hightr \ and on th.- highift, there is Ibine-
t.mes Smoke f-eii.

On the 12th ot h'elru.m- they law a ])rodigious Numlier
of Wata-lli.tkes, with black U.icks, and yellow Iklhcs ;
and th;: \'m\~: Day obllrv^d a gr at Kire on lliore, Ixating
North eail by talt, in the l,.ititude of xf ^7 North.
Tlie CommcHloi J ord.ercd liis Bo.it out fcveral times to
make Dilcovciies but w;tlvut miedng with any thing
remarkable till t!,c 20t'i, when ihe returned with three
Spanijh I'ritoners tiiat.lJic had furpiiftd m the Night, as
they were tifliing oiV the HaiUwr of AcapuUo. Alter
examining thele I'rifoi-ers, it was relolved to cruife tor
fume time in that Neighlx.urhood, in hoj-es ot meeting
with fomethingof eoi.fequcnce. '1 hey weie now on the
Spot where Drake, CahJ'jl, and, of lat<: Years, Kcgfn,
had fignalizdi tlunifelvts by taking the t.mious amiu.il
.Ship whkh palTes Ixtween this I'ort and the Mtimlai ;
full -fraught with F.Xi:ectatioii, and exeeidmgly deliroiis of
fliewini;, tlut, in point of Indullry or C(jurage, they fell
iiorhing (hort ol thofe f..riur.ateConiiiuiidcrs. While they
cruifnl here, thiir Boats lupplied tliem pUntilully with
'J'urtle, ol whiili, and of the bell Kinds too, there is
always abundance in thr|e Seas. It appears to have Ut 11
a very wholfome, as well as pKafant food; fur we do not
i^ow meet with any Complaints of Sicknefs, or .S( urvy :
Ai.d heme 1 a'ii led ty bili'.vr, tlut Captain U^.^cn wa^

tinder fomc particular I'reiudirc againft this l^„^\ ,,(• |y_
fiiice he tells us, that, while his Sailors fed on it |„,|.(, f '
were faint and weak, though their Spirits were good' '
iS. There is no I'tirt in the Sp,imjh ll'fjt l„,lif,\^^,
famous than this of JcapuUo ; and, to lay the I'nfi,
eonfulerrd .is a Port, there are very lew lutter; lur j. '
melofed, in a manner, all round by high Mou'iraim, ^^l|;A
defend them Iroiu Winds •, and the Water beiiKrcy.,!
where alike deep, the N'ellels, wlu n they are once in '■'■
talhned to the I'reeson (\\orc. At tlie very Mn.itl,
the \ larlHJur there lies an Ifland, about a Mile .nn! .m hv
in length ; anil beyond it another fmaller lilain!, (ji' i
by the Inhabitants t.l Crifo, which is liMiini takei'i not
of by our Writers of Voyages: The Poiition of th-'m.-i
Illand leaves two Chancls, by which Ships eater tlic-lVt!
one, which 1$ the finallelf, at Nor:li-well ; .imj :in.,ti,.,'
which IS iiuieh larger, at .Southcai\ ; but LxitliClu:';!, ■•
deep, and free from Shules, fb th.at with a | roii;r \V 1
Ships enter the Harbour swth the utmoft Satttv. ii.
enter with a Sea-wind, and (;o out with a LiV ' \ ;;;
but as thefe regularly fuceecd cacfi other every iJjvs '
Niglv, this creates no Irconvenicnce.

'J"he 'I'own of ,1(apuUo Hands in a deep B.iy un i''*
North-well Side, opiHifitc to the Mouth (if th- port; „:'
at the bud of the Town is a Platform, well i.i[ j lifj ;v;.,
Cannon ; and, nil the !• .ill Side, between two Hill-, llai'i's
the CaiUe or bort, whicli is a Sipiare, re'-uLnly fjr')Cfi
with tony two Pieces of Br.ifs Cannon, c.irtyi ig lliU; ,.
■;.■; J'oue.ds NS'eight. 'I'he Cu>vcrnor ol tlii'; |nrtri!sn.:
the lame time 'Jnlicia Majcr, or full (ivil M.i>;;ilraic ■.■\
the Place, fo that his I'.mployni-nt is thoirjit to i'r(k;;i-
li:ni 2o,ot".j Piecs of Light a Year ; and the I'.cnU-.r,
who is in the Nature ol a Dirti'tor (I theCulloiiu, hisij
g(x>d a I'Liie. Alt' rail th, , the 'I'own ot .•/,.;•'.(/, 1 |t j
Very poor one, tonlilliii;; ot between two and three hi:--
drid low tiiatcled Houk'S, inhabited molHy by MuLi't.m
and Negroes •, for the Spiimjh Mercl'.ants fekluni, or in! H
never, refule there but at the hair; beeaiife from the B-.-
ginr.ii';,^ ot So: ember \ to the Lnd of .Virv, this I'Lvy u
very unw Iiollome. This is gem rally aftnhutid to its. *^:.
toation ; lor, beirg intirt ly fiirrouiuled by hi;^h .\!ounta:n<f :;
thel'.all, the Air is pent in ■, and, lying a> it I'oes, in 1-'
South Latitude, it IS extrcmily i.ot and dole, fo thr
what contributes tj the Safety ot the Port, rcuicn th:
Town unhealthy.

WoikI anil Water are plenty here-, but. inn:her rffiv/l',
the Country is barren, to that it is very dear livm;' at./ii-
pulio; or at leall it would U- thouitht lo, if it was put if
the immenle Sums that are ileait tor during the ihort t:?.;
the I'air lalls, whuh liMom exceeds a bortnij^ht or thr::
Weeks. '1 his Place is hkewife very fubjet^t to ll.'nliquaksr",
which IS the Kealun tlut the 1 lo'.ifc; are 1(3 loiv, and Ij
(lightly built, l)eing coirijioled of Mud, Wood, and .'^tr.lw,
'1 heic aie, however, two Monallenes, which ir..ikt i
tolerable I- igure ; and an I loljiir.il, whiih is very tic:'
I'hc J- air IS In Id from the latter Paid ol the Month u
Jjmian\ when the A/.7w/.i Ship airivts, to the Multie 0:
Mruiirw We ha\e already givtna larue Accou:!t(it i:;-
Nature of tliat Commerce and N.ivigation, and thcritr
we (liall confine ourlclves at prefcnt to what inim.J.aiiiy
concerns the I'lace.

It IS not cafy to conceive how (Grange an Altcr.it.on t'.*
F.iir makes m /ktipu.'i ; for, as foon as it begins l"f
Pl.ice, Irom an inconlidcrable Filliing-town, Ikcoiiks a>
tonfuler.ilile a Mart as .my m the World -, which wiil b"
eafily conceivi\l, whin we conlider, that all the ruli Coir-
liKxiitiesot the hajl Indies .ire landed there troni "H i" 'f
the ,l/.;<i//,/ Ship ; tie. Duties ot which leldoni aiiiui.:;:!'
his than an huniired thouliUid Pieces of light i ami that,
to purchale ihile, there are not only brougiit all the val.u-
ble Commodities (jI AVa' Spmn, but an iiiime.ile Sum, '-
ready Money, by the/.mw Shii>, which rarely l.tllsfei'
of two Millions. 'I'here are, at this time, all Suits ol I';-
virlions, and eV( ry thing wears the Lace ot Mag'ii-ce:;> .
or rather ol Piolulioii. J lie meaneil Porter gets at Irai"
a Piece ot I'.ight ;rr Dav ; many of them three or I"-
P.very llovtl'is tilled with richtioods, and thole who 'rfn
them, pay extrav.igaiuly tor Wan lioute room : bven ny
moll melancholy SubxCU luriiilhOccalion here tor rii";''

i >

t ■ 5

^!l

\i^

',«!VI» ,-^4,i-

Chap. I

George Anson, Efq;

1 I r I'xix'ttfo 1 ^"'' " '■"''' Mcchants frequently dye
' riiu" iln I imo of tlic I'air. «>r in their PaJTagc from P^r»,
'',,,,„ \!,mil!it, thiir I'linerals arc folcmnized with great
M /mikci-a-, .iiui larr,c Alms are thi:n given to the Ho-

u! ami to ili^ Moii.illcnes, the Curate ot the Place bc-
' . li'liloin ciiruinti-.! with lels than 500 Pieces of Eight fur
hh.xtraordinaiy I'l cubic •, by whkh Inilaiicc we may guefs

" Mules all this, thrre is a prodigious Trade carried on a
IttkatuTtlie I-'air isov.r, at Porto del Marquefs, a very
fix ILirlwur, lying about two Miles I.aft from AapuUo,
»hirc ilifrc is very g'KKl Anchoring, and Wood inil Wa-
Krin AlHinilJnrc. Ihe Ptru Ships gi'ncrally refort hither,
tndilpiilf "' ''»-■''■ contraband Comnialitics to the Merchants
ol ,V^ '"T"'"' I »'"' ''^"' *''"* '* prohibited under very Ic-
v^r IVn.iliiiS and Ixuii the (loveinor of AapuUo and the
CuntaJoi' .ire inllrudeti to ufc their utmoft Diligence to (up-
mU It 1 yet l'u( h Magic there is in a l*urfc of IJoiible
Dubiwiii's, properly applied, that the Officers lent to in-
find this I'ort, are never able to lee any Ships in it. When
(he I iir is intirely over, AapuUo finks into its primitive
Sutf ot a Fi(hing-town j the (Jovcrnor himlclf, the
tuntadoi, and the rcll of the King's Officers, retiring to
Pbas of more 1 Icalth, and greater Convcniency 1 wiiich
is tlio Ills regardeJ by the (iovernmcnt, becaule there
IS little or nothing left in the Town, to tempt Foreigners
toittackit ataayother Seafon.

All the liulian Conimoiiities that are not fold to the Mer-
chants of yVca at the l-'air, arc carrieil over Land either by
Horlcs or Mules, but chielly by the latter, to Mexico ; and
from thence, if they are intended for Europe, arc tranfported
inih; fame Manner,that is, by Land, from thence to La Fera
Cric, where they wait the Arrival of the (ialleons. In this
manner the Spaniards unite, and, as it were, cngrofs
the Trade of both Indies \ and hence, whenever any Kng-
l:j!i Ships are in thcfe Seas, they are apt to fpend fo mucij
Time m the Neighbourhood of a I'lace lb iamous for its
Riches, from a Piefuinption that if they have but Patience,
th^ mull fooner or later meet with fomething that will re-
ward their Labour. This at prclent was the Cafe of the
Ct::uricn and the Gloucfjier, who continued plying on the
Cr.ift, and endeavouring to obtain the belt Intehigence they
tv.L able, hut to very little Purpofc ; becaufc the Fair was
ccw over, and little or nothing to be done in thofe I'arts.

On the 20th, they had Sight of an high Point of Land,
caili'i by tilt Spaniards, Cbequetan : On the firll of March
v.. >iii| '5 Company were put to the Allowance of two
Quarts (if W atcr a Man per Diem. During the reft of that
Nlumh tlicy truiled ftiU upon the lame Coaft, cxercifing
th: Men duly, fending their Boats Irom time to time on
the Coart, to make DiTcovet'es, and at the lame time make-
irg Preiurations tor their long Stretch to the Eaft-lndies.
0;i the (Jtii d April the Commodore fent his Boat to learth
t:.; Coall, tor fume 1 larbour where they might anchor in
Siiety 1 and on tlie 7th the Boat returned, and on the 8th
fo.ii'.ucted the Coinmtxlore, the Citounejltr, and the Trial,
ir.to a convenient Bay, where they moored in eleven P.ithoin
\\a:ir. On the (jtli the Gloiuejier's Second Licuiciiant,
^'!:h i:ltcenMen, and tlie Second Lieutenant of the Cfnlu-
'im, »;tii tuur Men, were fent to make Difcoveries.

Oil the loth the Lieutenant of the Centurion returneil,
i'd icportui, that they had marched feven Leagues thro'
I'lC Woods, without ineeiing with any thing worth Notice,
"ccptaManadeep on the (nound, with anllorfeand (jun
ty him 1 who, awaking at their Approach, leaped upon his
I I'-i fi, ar.d tl( d as tail .is he was able, leaving his Gun behind
hill, »lii(h they brought on board with them. The Lieu-
tirar.t, king ai)prthenlivi. , that the I'eople under his Com-
n'-tid might Ix; llirpriled, if they attempted to penetrate
whcr into the Country, thought proper to return •, but to
fm^.ir Ills Lvpeilition asufelul as jwflible, he wrote a kind
(' Aiiveriilliiicnt in Sp/inijh, promifing the Inlubit.uits
Wf.Ie S,msfaaion tor any Provilions they fhould bring or
Wiu their Ships ; and having nailed kvetal of thefe P.i-
jws to tJK- Trees, he returned back to the Coaft. This
*-irertainly a very well judged, and a very prudent Con-
'Jivance 1 but, however, it proiluced no Eft'cft •, and therc-
l^'K t,ic Commoilore very wifely judged, that no more
liHi'^'Was to be loft in orenarinpr for tlirir Dcnarture -. mid
•^'■MB. J4.

: loft in preparing for tlieir Departure ; and

349

therefore gave Orders for burning the Trial'* Prize, and
the other two Priws, that he might Ix: able to reinforce
the two Ships with the Men that were on board them •,
which was the more nccefl'ary, fincc the Crew of both Ships,
after this was done, fell fliort of the full Complement of a
Fourth Rate, fo much were they reduced by Sit knefs and
Fatigue ; and on the 29th, lutving taken in Water, and
other Kefrelltmcnts, they unmoored, and prepared to
fail.

19. On the ^oth they failed for AcapuUo^m order to criilfe
near that Pott Jor their Boat, which was Hill abfent, and h.id
been fo ab<jvc a Month \ anil the Gloucejler was ordered to
keep in cloli; to Land, and nuke falle Fires -, but thefe Pre-
cautions proved v.iin, though continued lor three Days to-
gether, ihe Commodore therefore thought proper, on the
third o^ May, to fend a Flag of Truce to the Governor of
Anpulio, with a Propofal of relealing three for one, in catl*
the Boat and Crew were fallen into his 1 lands : Bi;t the Go-
vernor returnvd Aiifwer, that he h.ul not leen jither Boat
or Men. i he next Day the Commodore fent alhore nine
Prifoners t<j Pert Marquis, th.it in caf.' his .VIen fell intotiif
Spaniards \ lands, they might be the better treated, for the
fake ot thole who were thus difniilfed. On the ^th, about
two in the Aliernoon, the (i!otict'J}er,hmv.!, neareil the 1 .and,
fawalk)at loining olf, which th.y imljjed ,it lirli: to be a
Boat from the Governor of AapuUo •, but as it drew nearer,
they ililcovered it to lie the Boat belonging to the Centiiria:.
When the poor People that wic in it, rmne to the Siile of
their own Ship, they were liarce known by any ot the Crew,
being mere Skeletons, and lb weak tli.it they coulii not get
up the Ship-lide, fo that they were lorced to hoirt them
in. During the I'ime they were feparated from the Ship,
they were driven to the laft Extremity for want of Water,
Ix'ing glad to »lrink Turtle's Blood to quench their Thirft ;
which they had done for twelve Days. 'I hey never expect-
ed to fee the Ship again, and had given tlieinfelves over
for h)ft, knowing they muft cither be Itarvcd to Death in
their Boat, or become Prifoners and Slaves under cruel Ma-
ftcrs, which to them was .as dreadful as Death j but this Day
proving line and clear, they happily law the Ship, and put
olf. At eight the next Muiniiig they fent alhorc a Spanijh
Launch witli Ibrty I'rifoiiers, and at the fame time the
(Jloucejhr lent another with eighteen •, each having a fuffi-
citiit (.i^iantity ot Provilions and Water to fei'.- them till
their Arrival at AapuUo, wliich w.is now dilbiu about
thirty Leaf<ues. On the 7th they fprung thir ibie-niall: .•
The Renuuider ot the Month there happened nothing ex-
tMordinary, the Weather being moderate, and the WnvX
fair : On the 15th the (Jleucejier fired a Ciun, as a Signal of
Dillrefs, having fprung her Main-mall 1 upon which the
Centurion fent her Boat ami a Carpenter on boaril ; the next
Day they fent two Carpenters more, who on the 2 jd cut
the Main-mart within twenty-lix Foot of the Deck. On
the 26th the Gkucejler reared her Main-top-malt for a
Main-mart, ami on the 27th the Trial'i Fore-top-maft tor
a Main- top-malt.

On the 2()th they fixed tlie 7/7<;/'s Main-top-maft for a
Jury-mall, and rigged it. July the 12th they w;re iliftant
trom AapuUo 14O4 Le.igues ; On the 29th, about ten in
the Moniiiij;, the CUui ,jl(f lired a Gun, as a Signal ot Di-
rtrels, having her Fore to|>-mall rolled to the Bo.ird, ami
the Cap fplit in two iKing rotten : Fhe Fore-top-maft fprung
in three I'l.ices by the fall, and broke tlie Fore yard in the
Slings, which was likewile dec.iyed. The Foretop-gallant-
inalt fprung, iiml tlie Fore -fail, Fore- top- lail, ami the Top-
gallant-liiil, fplit all toPiecis •, half the 'I'op broke, and alio
the Crol's-tiees : Whereupon they lent to their Alliftance a
Lieutenant, with lome Carpenters and Men, who Hung both
the Yard-arinsof the Forc-yaid, and the Hemaiiuier of tJK'
Fore-top-niall, th.it was not lit lor Die, oveibturd, and
allilleil m fixing and rij^^ing another Fore-y.mi. The
next Day the Cenf.iriun was forced to take the GUurcjlcr^
in Tow, and continued TowuiLf her, till on the tenth ot
Ati^uji Ihe llipped the Cable by which they towed her, to-
gether with her Foie-ti.p-mall and jib. Tl'e next D.ay in
the 1'. veiling her Top-mall iiul jury-in.all were carried away.
On the 1 2th, her Mall e.in-.e a_!;ain by the Board, and
her Mizen w.is fplit, and blown frt.m the Yard : Part ot
it took the Compali. Lhctl, in which were two Azimuth
^ y CompallU,

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3^0

7*^ VOYAGES fj/

Book I

Compiifles, and firried it ovrrbotril j at tbe fame uime
they were obliged to employ all Hands in pumping the
Ship : The i ^th the WeatJicr proved very bad, and aliout
eight in the Kvening the Clouctftcr larc down upon tlie
Commodore, firing two Guns, and iioilting a Signal o»
Dillrd's : I'liey delircd the Commodore would l( nd hi»
Boat on boarti, with a tiifficient Numlier oniamli to aJTiit
them in pimping, there being now fcrenteen Feet Water
in the I luM ■, luit the Loniniwlon uild not comply with
their Requctl, bccaulc it was as much as hb Crew could
do, to keep their own Ship free. Ihe next Day he Imt
his Cutrer, with a Carjxnter, to affift the Gtoucffttr \ am',
in the Evening, tent his B«>at, to t'rtth away her Sick.

On Sunday .iupifi 15. about eight in the Morning,

20.

iiil

Captain Milchdl lint his Lieutenant on board, with thf
following I'aper, addrertcd to the Commodcjre, and figticd
by hinilicll, and all the Officrri on fxard of his Shin ; • We

♦ the Captain and Officers o» Ins M.ijclly's Ship the Glon-

• cffia-, having held a Coiilultation on ^luguft 15. 1742,
' coiiccrning the Condition of the faid Ship, we think it
' impofllblc to lave her »rom linking, and his Majefty's
« Sub'icifls belonging thereto irom perilhing, for the foUow-

* ir.g Realons : She having fprung a l^ak, and gaining on

• us, tho' we have been conllamly jximping herj lier Stcrn-
» port hkewife being very loofc, and working at every Reel

• ol the Ship i Ihe having alio two Beams broken a-midlhip \

• all which the Carpenters report to be irrepairable here •,

* and Ihe having no Mafts Ich, exiept the Fore-mart, Mi-

* zen, and Miren-top-maft, or any (pare Mafts IcIt tit to

* put up \ her Knees and Clamps are all workeil quite kwl'e,

• fo that her Quarter-deck is ready to drop down •, and Ihe

* having but feventy Men, eighteen Boys, and two fVilon-

* crs, left, including Officers, out of which Number only

* ftxtten Men and eleven Boys are able tctJieep the Deck,

• and they arc very infirm ; all the reft, being fifty-fix, and

* feven Boys, fincliidingCarpcntcrs) are incapable of Duty,

• being greatly afflicted, and very lame, with the Sturvy ;

• For thefe twenty-lour Flours, Officer*, Men, and Boys,

• without DiftinCtion, have worked at the I'umps inccf-

* fantly ; and are (o fitigucd, that they can ftand no longer;
« and they having ftill fcven Feet Water in the Hokl, the

• fait Water being yet over the Calks, (b that they cannot

* get at the frefti Water to drink : We therefore beg you

* wouki confider our melancholy Sitxiat ion, and appoint us

• fuch fpeedy Relief, as our prctcnt uiihappy Circumftanccs

* reouire."

The Commodore took all imaginabk Care to be perftfliy
informed of" the Fadts mentioned in this Reprel'entation by
his own Carpenters ■, and, on the i6th, employed all the
Boats in faving what Stores could be got out of the Gloti-
ttfttr \ which took up the bcft Fart of the Day. About fix
in the Afternoon, Captain MiuMI, having received the
Commodore's Order for that Furpolc, fcnt all his Feoplc on
board the Centurion, remaining himfcif in the Ghuttfier,
with a Boat's Crew only, preparing every thing neceflary
for dcftro)ini5 her-, and, at eight, purfuant to the Com-
modore's Direction, he fet her on fire, and, about fix the
next Morning, ftie blew up. They were then in the lati-
tude of 14' 15' North, AitipuUo being now diftant 2168
Leag,\ics.

2 1 . On the 1 7th, they difcovcred in the Ctnlurien a Ixak
in the Fore-hold, on ea<:h Side of the Stem. They were,
at this time, in very great Diltrefs, their Rigging much
worn, their Ship leaky, their Water fo exhauftttl, as to be
reduced to half a Pint a D.iy, ;uid their Crew fo ficl'.ly, that
they had thrown overboanl ten Men in two Days i but,
in this Diftrcfs, the Commodore fupported their Spirits, by
continually encouraging them by his Praitit c, as well as Dif-
courfes, taking a full Share of their Hardftiips, and giving,
at this time, a Pijx: of Madeira Wine out of his own Stores,
that their Water might go the further. The Weather
continues! tolerable fair tor the next ten Days •, btit the Crew
were as fickly as ever.

On the 2ift, died Mr. Edmund IVellbank, Surgeon of
the Cleucefter \ and ten Men more in four Days. On the
23d, they loft five Men more-, and, about tight in the
Evening of the fame Day, faw, to their great Joy, two
Iflands •, one bearing Weft half South, the other South-
•weft Jf Weft, diftant about ten Leagues. On the .vjth,

nine of their IVojile, and an InJlan, die I \ md tin ncartf*
ot the Itlaiult bote then Weft l)y North, diflant about [
League. The Comiivxiorc difjMitrhed a Licutetiant m \h
Cutter, to tlifcovcr the Shore. He returned m th? ^v,.^
ing, and brought fixty Cocoa- nuts \ but coukl not finding
Anchoring-place, orfrelh Water. There died on the 2. th
fix Men. I'lie next Day in the Afternoon, they law ilirt,
Illandsv one Ix.iimg Nortk-eaft by North, anothrr (fy,
F'jift, the laft F.aft by South, at the Dift,ince ot ubwa fivj
Leagues. On the 27th at Noon, they law anothrr liland
Sduth-eart, diftant al)(>ut nine Iraguci. In thcfc two
Days th«y VA\ thirteen of thtir Crew.

22. On the 2«th, thry nude the llland ^^^T■.niM, which
is one i>f the I^iirtnes, <>r, as the Spaniitrils call thrm
Marian Illamls, whii h lies in the I jtitiule of, 14' ^%' js'o,,!,'
iuid %n' 25' liingitude Wrft from LviiJon. Ki threclr
the Afitrnoon, the Comni(«lore fent Im third Lieutenant on
fhore ill the Ciittir. This Ifianil is uiiinhahiteii, .in I fcr
that Rrafon the Conimoilore nvide Choice of it toarchor
at, and ufrefh his Fe«>ple •, ImiI it lup|i'ned,at the Tinv of
their Arrival, the (iovernor of 6k(W» had lent a R.rk ih^Lhtr
with twenty-lour Men, to kill Cattle, and to Inng oli
Fruits, for the LTc of his (icirifon. Thelc; People, Itm"
a Ship, immediately lent an Indian I'roe, or, as i ■• '.«!
mardt write it, Parat, a kind of VefTcl we huve ultcn irr.i-
tioned before, en a Supjxifition, that it muft nmljl^th;
AittuUo Ship. I hi^ was alxnit fix the mxf Mon.in; ;
ami, as loon as they dififwered their Min.ikr, thr, i;j
their utmuft Lndeavour to return to the Ifliint! : H :•, n
being calm, the Commoilorc fent the Pinn.icc to tuw h r
on board \ which fhe did, and afttr^vards mailc htrfdl .Ma-
iler of the Bark \ which provd an acceptable Priw, Kr •
Wen with Cattle, Hogs, Fowls, Cocoa-nuts, Orangis.arj
Limes.

The firft thing that was done, .ifter the Sliip was anchortd
ir twenrv-two Fathom Water, was to fend artiore Trnrt,
or rather Materials for making them, for the I'le (f [he
Sick, wlio were next earned on fhore, wraipi-d up mt.h;:r
FJammocks, to the Nun Irr of 224, of whom tiyht ild
withm a few Flours after they were lan'icd. On the \\[\
they moored the Ship with a Cable each Way, in f:(i;.;t
Road i which afforded them Leifure to look about thiir,
and to provkle all Things nccelTary for their Rcfrelhmcnt 1:
will be neceflary hereto give fome Aicount of tli(ft7iijr:K
Illands •, the rather, becaufe, thoiigh we liml them > h.i
mentioned in the foregoing Voyages, as indeed they nxil
be in all Voyages round the Wotl I, which have been fd vn
petformetl without vifiting them, yet are they fu fiiwM',
on the Edge, as it were, of ^Ifm, that hitlurtu i!r:t.'::
general nor particular Geographers have given us ary a-
njrate or diftinft Account of them ; which, to lay tt
Truth, is no e.ify Matter to do, fince it rccjuirrs a great
Application to Maps and Ch.irts, and to the Kelatiorspj •
liinevi by all who have fiulcd through thefe S. is tur t»3
Centurii 5 raft.

Th< fe iflandi were firft difanrml by the famous fn-
dinand Magellan, as we liave already related in its [ruprr
Place ; and he, from the thievirti B<liaviiiir of tin- I:.*'-!-
bitants, bellowed on them the N.mie of Ipsder.-U-
drones, i. e. The Ijhnds of Thieves. I !<• Iikrwife ull.i
them Ijlis dt las Feias, or, Th //lands cf S.vls, a!l,;ani;
to their Proes, which were a kind of Veil'!, lb he ha-ircver
iccn amoMf; ot.'ier Indians, aiivi their m.inner ot failirg .-..iJ
luqiriltii him. When the Spaniards came afterwar < m
fettle the Ifiand of Guam, for the Convrnicncy 0: _.:.r
Navigation between Anerica and ttu." Philippines, ih ) -^c
a new Name to thofc Illands, ziz. IJlas dc Munti ./r:.,
1 lonour of Marj-zinne of /Ivjina, then <.iiiecM ot V ■■'< ;
fn)m whence our motiem Writers have derived the ^MV^f.
Name of the Marian IJlands. Thele Iflands make al'j-t '';
thofc that are ftilcd the /Ircbipelago cf St. Ijizaruj, Ix^-it'-"
they were diloovered on the Feaft of St. Lazarus. I'-)
are, ftridUy ftxaking, fituated betw-en tlic to' 'O ''
North I Altitude, and the Tropic of Caum- ; ami, -icw
ing to the brft Maps, are laid down tiius ; 1. /ijw, •»'''''
Latitude of 10* ou Nortii: 2. Ucitia, 10" 40': j- ^j-
/ago, 11* ij'i between this Kland, and tli.it of f>'w«.,'''^
the Slides of at. Rofe, which Captaiii Daiipier pJ";-^,
when he failed witii Captain Swan in the 1 .at;tiii!c ot 1;

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George Anson, Efq^

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Ctum, Cmks, or fguaM, 1 1* jo' » ihii li ihf
•■' ' arul tlic .Sr.H of the Sp4m/h Ciovcr-
/<«//«, 14" If k wliiih u alfo frt-

Ij^M tiKlcIllatv

Mbifhe Sfaiutrdi ! 6. Aiuitutn, 14" 40^ : 7- 7'«iw-«,

• <s Tbu I mIw (u ^ (i>^' 1-^^ "' t'^'-' MaryAnm
*ujh \ for, it I apprehend the IhinB right, the Kcnml
nTm ot all ihcfc lll«ntl» i* the Udroiui, ami thry are di-
HimmilhrJ mfo «h« Souihctn, or Mary Aniti tfandi, of
which wtf h«ve fpoken 1 ami the Nmtliern lll«iidi, or
Mflii !/■ G'*My, oi whi^h we arc now to fpeak : 1 Z«-
Zt^etSift*, 15' ao' : i. /huilbiM, lO' 10 : <. SarigaiH,
ui" JO ; 4- Cmx-1, 17' : '>• ^mtlagMH, 17* ^o : 6. /'-i-
rn, ili'40 ; 7- '♦"'/'^'•i '<)': "■ •y<"«X/*''. lo" : 9- Mittg,
\i': [o.Urtf, ai': n. Tarilban, n\ From thu to
1jp4i ilurr i> a (OiitiniK-ci Cluinol Iilamti, lyin^ alnuill all
(^ ilif 111 m tlif Unit I^nHiHKle, vit. of i^o' \ lupiMiling
iIk tirll Mcnilun to be iilantl in the Maiui of I'ert.

The Soil ol all ihcle lllandi i> prctiy much alike > viz.
iml JryMiHjIil, very fruitful, dpcdally it it bccjrclully
(uliivtial \ 111 which Cafe, perhaps, there would not be
iii,cr Couatrirjon the Globe : A» to the C'liinatc, it ii very
healthy, is will as very plcalunt, in the dry Stalon, wliith
Luh trum OUtitr id Jum t but in the wet Sealon the Air is
i„kii iiid luiy, which inclmci the Ftople to Fevrn i yet
ilic Rirns there are not heavy, or of long C'ontinuani c ;
rdiitlie lull VViiuU generally reign here, they cool the
Air prixliyoully, ami render the Country very plciUnt.
The Cocoas in the Ladrtne IJlands are clleemed the \x[\ in
the known World, and tiiry crow in all the lllandi in the
unoft I'kniy : Oranges they have in like Abundance, ex-
cffdingly whoilbme, and of a very high Flavour \ Liniet
ire ik) the natural Product of thele lilands. They arc,
prosily fpeakng, a lurt of Crab-Lemon, and grow up-
on 1 kind ol thorny Shrub, of which, in fomc of our
PiirtauonJ, they make vory convenient Hedges. Ih
FrutulikealAinon, but Imalleri haaa thinner Kindi and
ihs juict is rather of a (h.'.rper Tallc. The eating frcrly of
thu Fniit IS one of the cjuii kefl, and at the fame time one
ot the pical'antelt, Renicilits for the Scurvy. There arc
tto Trees common in all thcfc Iflands, and (aid to be pecii-
iiar to them, and to funic of the Pbilippinei \ thefc arc the
^inuai.d tlk' Ducdk.

1 he Rma, or Brtad Iruit, grows upon a Tree fome-
whii Ijrgijr tlunour yXupit-trce is, whiih bears a broad
(ijrkcoiourrd Iraf, with five Indentures on each Siile ;
Ihc Irut hangs on the Boughs like Apples, ami is ot the
Sueotal'inny loaf, with a thick tough Rind, which, when
fell ripe, turni ydlow. The Natives gather it bi fore it is
quit? tipt, and bake it till tin: Crull is pretty bl;«rk » then
they rafp it, and there reniains a pretty Loaf, with a tcn-

r yclk)w Cmll, and the Crumb of it fott and fweet as a
riwbik'd Kdll, without any Seeds or Stones. This Fruit
I tie Inhabitants enjoy for about Icven Months, during whk:h
t!ity never tat any other Kind of Bread ■, but they are ob-
ligo to lake it every Day -, for when it grows a little ftale.
It b^tornvt harlh and bulky, Ibinewhat like the Fotatoc-
t«il m,kle in the It^fJ} of EiiglaHd. 'I'here is, howi-ver,
1 Remedy tor tliis, which is cuiiinn the Loaf into Slices
wutnii nnew, and drying it in the Sun, by which it is
(■Hfd into tl.t picarantcll Rulk that can be eaten. The
! Duuu rcl.mblcs the Rima very much, both in its Size and
Leaves i cily theic latter arc longer, and not fo much in-
Ctnu-d : Ihc l-ruit is pretty near the Size of the Brtad
f'lt'i, bia ihaped Ilk.; a Melon ; it contains in its Pulp
t",ift<jen or filtten Kernci-i, or Seeds, ot the Size ot a Imall
Uel nut, wluch, when roaftcd, are fuU as plcaCint.

,"'VV "*" of t'l'^'c Wands are Copper-coloured like
<^i*rhd,aMS; have long black Hair, fmaU Kycs, high
tT' "P'.P''*-"/ 'hick, and Teeth iiidifttrentiy white :
T, 11*^. * ^^'■' "f "-''"il>M. a^ivc, and robuft People.

«iu.'\ppeara„cf, they arc civil, courteous, and fubmif-
i but are laid to be of a cunning, treacherous, and cruel
F«i'tion: Ihey arc extremely dextrous in the Manage-
J^ntof thnr Velli^ls. which they llilc Paraoe,, and die
tfi^.l r , {•■"ropfam. Prows or Prou, and are
ES '" ^^ '''''"« ^'«^"^1^ '" t'"-- World. We ha^•e
»',■", ^'o"^' • l^"t as I am tokl the folk)wing U a
Ibtli « ""11 *^*'"""' '^"«*'"' "f thcfc fingular VefleU,

't will not be dUagrccablc to the Kiader i and the

rather, becaufe from iliefe VclTtU the MamU were called hf
MdvHUn, 1)1 Lu yiliis, 1. 1. ot SwJs, wluch art not ul<:«i
hy the lytfth J I Mi in their Canoes.

Tlie Parao 01 Pioe is built iWrp at both Ftuls the Bottom
of oitc Piece, like a little Canoe very neatly f>ouped, and
left ot a Hood Subftance. I'his Bottom fcrvc* tor a Keel »
It is from twenty five to thirty Feet long, the under Part
ruuml, yet inclining to a Wedge, ami fmooth, and the up*

|>er Part almoll llat, having an Hollow about a i'ooi broaJ :
' rom hence both Sitks ot ilr Bo.it are turiKd up rounil,
very neativ \ one Side of the VctRl n quite tlat, the other
•I other VeflcK are, with a pretty lull Belly. In the Mid-
«llc it IS alx»ut four or five Fed broad, aloft, or more, ac-
cording to the I A ngth of the Boat t the Maft Ibnds exa^lly
in the Middle, with a large Yard like a Mizenyard i one
Krid ot It reaches to the Fnd or Head of the Boat, wliere
it is piked in a N'otch, maile there to keen it fall t the
other Fnd hangs over the Stern. To this Yard the Sail ia
tallcncd. At the Foot of the Sail there is another fmall
Yaril, to keep the .Sail out f()iiare, and to roll it up when
it blows hard i ferving inlli-ail of a Rect, to take up the
Sail to what degree they plcafe, acconling to the Strength
of the Wind. Ui\ tlie Belly tide ot the Boat, p.irallcl there-
to, and at (even Feet Diltanct, lies a Ixjg (hapcd like another
fmall iioat, of a li^ht Wood, alinoll as long as the great Boar,
but not ;ib(>ve a Foot and an lull wide at the u|)|)cr Part,
iuul very (harp at each tpd. Thcri- ■'re two Bambocs, of
about eight or ten Feet long, and as b ; as a Man's Leg,
placed over the great BoatN Side, one :i.ar eacli Fnd of it,
add rcailiing aliout fix or liven Feet f.om the .-i.ieof .no
Boat, by the Help of whkh the little Boat is iride tirtr .o
the other : Thele are genenl'y called by the iJutch, ,md
by the Englijb from them, Out-laytrs : 1 'le Ufe ol hem
IS to keep the great Itoat upright •, becaule the VVif,d here
is, in a manner, conllantly Eall, and, it it were at WdV,
X • ould be the fame Thing \ fur the Range of thcfe Mands
.* icrc their Bufinefs lies to and from, being molUy North
aiid South, they turn the tlat Side of the boat a<:..>P .. Jie
V'ind upon which they lail i and the Belly con tqutr 'y,
with Its little Boat, is upon the I .ce •, and the ^'cLcl having
an Head at each End, fo as to fail with either of tliem tbrc-
moil, they need not tack about, as all other VelTels ilo, but
each Lml ot the Boat icrvcs tor Flcad or Stern, as, they
;jleafe. When ihry ply to Windward, and have a mind to
go about, he that licers, bears away a little from the Wind,
by which the Stern comes to the Win J, and now vcomes
the Head, only by (hitting the End of the Yard. This
Vcflcl ihey rteerwitha broad Paildle inftead of a Rudder,
with gnat Dexterity.

Some Travellers have reported incredible Things, as to
the Sailing of tliefc Procs : Cajitain Edward Cookt freaks
of twenty or thirty Leagues an Hour j but if what another
Writer reports may be depcnii*- ' upon, viz. that one of
thcfe Veflcls being difpatched Fv; o from Guam, to Ma-
nilla, whkh is 400 gooti Leagues, (...ormcd the Voyage in
tour Days, it will be fufficient to raite our Admiration, and,
juftify the Character given to thele VelFels, for fwift Sailing
upon a Wind. In many her Places of the I^mJI- Indies
they make ulc of Proes >■ li Bellies or Boats on both Sides •,
but the Proc we ha , « . iciibcd, is [wculiar to the LrJronis.
Before the Spaniards maile any Settlement on tlufe Idanils,
the People lived, in their Way, very happily ; every Man
having uii Proe, wliich tlio' funulhed with Mart, Sail, Yard,
1 ackic, Flalli.mi.s iuid Helm ; he rtcercd with one Hand,
ami with the other hoilted, kiwcreil, or trimmed his Sail,
having one eif the Tackles failened to each Foot, fo as to
veer out, and hale to, asOccafion required.

Fiihing was, in a manner, their folc Occupatk)n •, and in
that too they are equally Ikilful and dextrous : Their
Hooks arc made of 11 large Bone, with a fmall one fixed
in it ; and with tlitfe they take Dolphins, and other Fifli,
upon the Banks or Shoals. One Fith there is peculiar to
this Coatl, which the Sailors call a YdUw-tail, about twelve
Inches long, and three in breaeith, luviiig a fmall long
Heail, with a large Mouth ;md F:ye, and a Fm on his
Back, which extends quite to his Tail. His Body is of a
dark YeUow, his Belly of a line Silver, his Sides ttrcakcd
from Head to Tail with two Stripes of Blue, and tlirce of
Yellow J his Fins and Tail of a bright Y'cUow.

1 'If

?^i

The VOYAGES/)/

Book I.

|8 J

So modi for theft Idands. Lrt us now nrtum to the
Ship's Comptny of the CtMmtH, on (here at r«M<M. The
ficlc People, having frc(h Meat in plenty. Abundance o»
Greens, and as many Oranges as they pfcafed, recovered
Rirprifingly. In the mean time, the Carpenter was em-
ployed in ftopping the Leak, which, notwithftanding all
his Care, wm very indifferently done. That no Time might
be loft, Provifions and Water were every Day carried on
board, and the Ship wafhed and fcrtibbed » and every thing
being in good Onier by the igxh of Stptmbtr, they began
to hSi the Guns, and to prepare for their Departure, which
was retarded by an extraordinary Accident, that happened
on the ud.

They had til that Day liad Gales, and a great deal of
Rain : About feven in the Evening they parted with the
fmal! Bower, and brought up and nd by their beft Bower j
when a great Sea, running a dieir Stem, (tavcd the Long-
boat aganft the Rails of the Gallery, lb that rtie was over-
fct, with a Man in her, who with much Difficulty was
faved, but the Boat was loft. At eleven they parted with
their beft Bower, and were foreed to let go their Sheet-
anchor, veering almoft two Cables Length. Upon this
they heaved the Lead, and, finding they were out of Sound-
ings, fired four Guns, and made a Signal of Diftrefi,
but to no Purpofe -, for thofc on fliore could afford them no
AtTiftancc ■, fo that they were loon driven out to Sea. There
were at thb Time 60 Hands on board, and the Commo-
dore and 1 10 Men left upon the Ifland. It is not eafy to
conceive how much this muft have alarmed thofe who were
thus left, with little Hopes of getting oGF, in a fmail uninha-
bited Ifland, Icated, as it were, in the Extremity of the
World, where they were, in a manner, furrounded by Ene-
mies, and had nothing to truft to, but their own Efforts to
tfcnpe.

Tlus is the Scene whkh we mentioned, as a Parallel to
the Shipwreck of the H^ager \ and, in one refpeA, the
Diftrefs of the Ctnturinft People was the greater of the
two ; for they had not the Benefit of a Wreck, firom
whence Sea Stores and Materials might be fetched at Will \
all was gone with the Ship, and in her their ableft Hands.
Such was the Matter of Fafl % let us now fee what were the
Confequences, and how the Commodore and his People
behaved in fo uncomfortable a Condition.

23. As foon as the Ship was out of Sight, and eveiy
body (cemcd to be under Apprehenfions from the Foulnefs
of the Weather, that the Crew wouM not be able to bring
her back into the Road, an univerfal Aftonifhment ap-
peared in every Countenance. The Commodore however
encouraged them to purfue their Labours, notwithftanding
the Ship's being driven off the Ifland, afluring them, that
if the Ship did not return, they would not be wholly ufe*
Ms i which gave the People great Spirits, fordeeing that
the Commodore had already formed fome Projc^l for get-
ting ofT the Ifland. In a Dliy or two after, the Commo-
dore explained himfcif more fully, telling the People, it
would be very praAicable to law die Bark, which they had
taken when they firfl came to the Ifland, and lengthen it,
to fuch a Degree, as might render it a fit VefTel to carry
them (0 fome of the PbilifpiHtj, and from thence to
China. When, by tiiis Dilcourie, he had banifhed De-
fpair, he entered into a regular Deduftion of whatever
would be requifite for fuch a Voyage i and, having afligned
a certain Number of Men to every kind of Work, he not
only took \i\Kn himfcif the Trouble of furveying them,
but wrought, with his own Hands, amongft thofe he
overlooked •, fo that his Example wu at kaft equal to the
Addition of a confiderable Number of Hands t tor, feeing
the Commodore always bufy, there was no Man had a
Defire to be idle. This Induftry of thcin had aU the good
EfTeSi! tl-at could be wilhed for, fince, at the Cimc tim.' it
kept thcrr to tlicir neccfljry Bufincfs, it diverted their
Thought*, and prcferved their Spirits, in a regular Mo-
tion i and this too was greatly forwarded by the pcrfonal
Behaviour of the Commodore, who was always fcrene,
always eafy, gave his Orders chearfully, purfued his Plana
itradiiy, fo as to be equally in a Condition of fupplying die
Ship with what was -.anting to complete her Storea, in
cafe ftie returned, r: 10 finifti, in a few Days, thclxngthen-
iog of die Barge, whenevor dicy let about it, havuig •

confiderable Quantity of Wood cut down and fawcd fo
that Purjwfe. '

But it is now time to follow the Ship, and to give foire
Account of the Hardfhipa and Difficulties tiic Peopit un-
derwent who were on board her. On the 23d the Wy
continued to bbw very hard, fo that one of tlieir fore
Shrouds broke, as did one of the Straps of their Bobftjy
which they fpliced as well as they couU, and the next
Day got up a Pair of Preventer-lhrouds for the Forcmaft
On the 25th they had frelh Gales, and a rolling Sea. h
fwaying up tile Main-yard, one of the Men being upon ir
to fccure the Slack-jeer, fome of the Tackle broke; upon
whkh, down it came, and, in the Fall, the jxjor Man's
Arm was caught in a Block, and broke all to-picces ; by
which Accident, and the Fever that followed ir, he died
in a few Days. The fame Day they fwaycd up the Few-
yard. All this time the Sheet-anchor was our, t'le People on
board not having Strength to get her up 5 and, at the fame
time, the Ship made a great deal of Water i but, on the
a6th, the Weather being moderate, diey heaved the
Sheet-anchor, and fecured it. On the 27th they got up
the Rigging, and bent anodier Top-fail. On the 28th the
Ship was to full of Water, that they were obliged to
pump every two Hours. It was the 9th of Oasber, in
the Afternoon, before they could difcem the Ifland of
7Vw'<M from die Maft-head, which then bore South South-
eaft, diftant fix Leagues. On the loth in the Morning,
they had a dear View of three of the Ltdreni Iflands, nz.
ZR/<M,whichbore North-caft, diftant fix Leagues ; Jguiium,
South-eaft, diftant four Leagues i and Tiniaii, South
South-caft, diftant three Leagues. On the nth in the
Afternoon, they kt go their Sheet-anchor, which wis the
only one they had left, in twenty-fevcn Fathom Warer;
and the next Morning fent their Boat afiiorf, with their
empty Casks, for Water, exceedingly rejoiced at the
Thoughts of feeing once again their Companions, ar.d
their Commander.

24. On the 1 2th in the Morning, Lieutenant GorJon, of
the Marines, being by Accklent on an Hill, faw the Ship
in the Road, and carried the firft News of it to the Com-
modore, who received it with th«* utmoft Satisfaftion, iM
immediately gave his Orders for fending Water on hjani,
and for difpatching, with the utmoft Diligence, whiicvir
was necef&ry for their fpeedy Departure from the IllanJ.
They enjoyed, while they (laid here, all the Convenimciei
they could well wifh for. Cattk they had in abundance,
which coft them no more than ftiO' ting them, and bring-
ing them down to their Tents. They had Hogs alio in as
great Plenty, and moft excellent in their kind, as fffding
upon folid and nourifhing Fruits. Fowl alio they had a^
much u they could wifh j bcfides F- " , but not in fo
great Plenty. One Inconvenience th \crc expfrtt to,
almoft as foon as they were fettled on u.c Iiland -, and that
was the Plague of Flies, which was really greater than
could well be imagined. The Reader will remember, that
Scbmltn and Lt Msire met with the fame Inconvenience
in an Ifland in the South Seas, which they from theme
called Ffy Ifland : And Captain Dampier repreftnts th:
Coaft of Nna Guiuiy, which is the neareft Continent to
thb Ifland, as pcftercd with Flies, to fuch a Dtgrcr, that
the Inhabitants are almoft blinded by them. But, as 1 6>_
not find any Complaint of this Nature in the Voy igi^ ol
fuch as have touched at the Ifland of Guam, 1 am m\v.A
to believe, that only fuch of the Iflands as arc uninhjlind
are expofed to this Inconvenience. Perhaps the Oixiiing
the Country, by cutnng down the Woods, and the Smoke
of many F'lres, might contribute to the Dcftruftion ot ihefc
Vermin. Their Habitations were none of t!>c bell ■■, hut
yet, tiinxigh the Care of the Commodore, tlieir liuo
were as well difpofed, and as effailually fccureti, from the
Weather, as it was poflibic •, fo that, ni the Space of w
than two Months, the Crew that landed there in fo weak
and fo diftrcflcd a Conditbn, recovered their Healih anJ
Spirits, and moved very briskly about their Bufinels.

They obferved, during their Stay, that tiie Tide fc«
ibong, between this Ifland and ,1tui%uan, at .South South-
eaft, and North North-weft, and rui« longer and drongcf
to die Southward, than to the Northward, makincjagwi ,
Su wlicn it fets anoiiift the VVtnJ, and nils a!w:ieigtii

Chap. I.

George Anson, Efq;

3^3

Icct pcnvndinil.ir along- (hore •, at the Quarter of tlic
Moon it riles higher by two Feet than at the Full and
Change ; contrary to tlic common Phoenomcnon of tlie
Tides! It rifts more or lefs alfo, acconling to the Strength
of t!v'wiiitisl)lowinK into tlie Bay, by two or three Feet.
The Flowing at Full and Change is about eight Hours.
Tkff Variations, with refpcft to Tides, do not at allaffca,
much lefsdeftroy, the modern Doftrinc on that Head}
kirauH- the lame'Variations, or others analogous to them,
aie obfitvcd where-ever there is a Cluftcr of inands, and
even tiiTon our own Coaft, particularly at the Or^«r,i, the
Wekm Mamis, and thofc of Scilly. On the eighteenth
i!ity hail the Misfortune to lofc a Raft of Casks, conlid;-
iiiiT of twelve Buts, and thrf c Puncheons -, notwitiiftamling
which, they completed the Watering of their Sliip the
next Day, when a Man from every Mefs was fent into th.e
Womls to get Oranges, and whatever elfe they w.intcd of
Fniits, and other kefrefhmcnts. On the 2 ill they fmt
iwoolil hdiam on (hore : i wo other Indians having fwam
jwivfrom their, the Day before, let the Bark on Fire, and
removed every thing from their little Settlement on boanl

the Ship.

25. On the 22d of 0<7c5^, about five in the Afternoon,
thty wcighetl from the Ifland of Ttnian, and made (ail for
Mmt. The Weather continued fair during t.'ic red of
the Month, but November entered with Storms -, fo that
Oil the 2i.i tliey had very foul Weather, being thi n oW the
Soiith-eall I'oint 0'' the Illand Vormofa, which lies in the
LatitiKhof 21" 20 North. The next Day they law Fires
(n that lllan.l, bea.'ing North-eall, dilVant about fiiteen
Ixapics. Gn the 4th they had an hard (iale, wh:ch broke
ihc Main- topliil Stay. The next Day they had Sight of
thiCoall ot China. On the 6th in the Morning, they
M%^\\ioi PtdraBlanca, bearing Weft, half South, ten
Mils \ it is lb called from the white Rocks lyint; ofi-" it :
rhcle iippear, when off at Sea, juft againft the Cape •, but,
hfini', when nearer Shore, cither F.aftwaril or WelVward of
hti\y^, they apjwar, at rtrit View, like Ships under Sail ;
Kit, Himing ftill nearer, they are like two high Toweis,
king llcntler, high, and deep, on all Sides, and are about
lull a Mile liom the Cape. 'I'he Cape is in Latitude 21°
<S and is about the 1 leight of Beaihy-hiad m England.
It n a lull Point, with lleep Rocks towards the Sea •, then
it gradually fills away on eaci> Side, wit!i a gentle D.fccnt,
J) [wring vciy picafant, and covered with tair lofty
Trf«. Oil the 8th they came to an Anchor in eighteen
Fathom Wat-r, and took two Cbinefe Pilots on board, to
cirry ihtni to Macao, for wliich they were to receive
nirty Dollars. On the nth, about nine in the Morning,
thty ran a-ground near that llbnd, and it was the 13th in
i!ic Aticrnoon before they got the Ship off, and anchored
lit lilcly in hve Fathom Water. They moored the jiext
Diy, in the licll manner tliey were able, letting go their
.'-|iKtanchor to the South, and their bcft Bower to the
Northward •, this was C{jn)jx)fed of two Spniii/b Anchor-.
ijllitd ami h(x)ped togctJKr with two (juns, having loft
i' ;r own. '\iichor, when blown out of -riV/M// Ro.id ; and
liKboin^doiie, they lalutrd the Governor of Macao with
cltvtn Guns, and he returned the like Number.

:t). The Coinmoilorc, conlldering the Condition of his
Sb, and tlie DitTculty he was under of pnv.uring what he
»intcd in that l^ort, found it abfoKitely net (Vary to go to
fctffin I'erlon, in order to obtain Leave lot 1. caving clown
ti'-.'^hip, amifuch AtTiliancc as could l^c afforded him by
<i\;Ln,;liJb 1 'iCtory. Fk went afliore accordingly on the
'sth, and was faluted at his I^ninding by the h«)rt with
f.:vtn Giini, which the Onlurion returned •, and from
litncc the Commodore continued his Route to Canto);,
j'Krc at tirll he met with a very indifferent Reception,
b aulctlie Vulgar UiHtfe, having never fccn an ijiropean
Mail ot VV.-.r 111 their Seas, took it for granted, that he
»«al'iratci and therefore treated him, and th;: I'eople
».io were wit), him, as they paffed the Streets, with ap-
r'"iaisl.ui|,uajrr, .ailing them Thieves, Jiobbcrs, and
J'f-t', in l).ul /V/w^«,;/^ ,is well as in their own Lan-
?■'-;"'•': llii., Iiowtver, t!ie Commodore did not in<aril,
^'- ; Micinital the Bufnu-ii Ik- came alwut with the utmoft

|*wr. lh( l).iy attcr the Commo<.lorc*s Departure, a
w_.;'i/)j„, o, ai„fj-^ Gcard boat, anchored dole by the

Centurion, to obferve her Motions. On the ift of De-
cember arrived a Boatfwain, with a Long-boat and Anchor
from the Commodore, of which they were in great Want,
their own having been rtaved, as has been already men-
tioned, in the Road-of 7/«/fl«. They fent, by the Com-
modore's Orders, a Mate, and fix Men, to attend him
ax. Canton, and a Supply of 1000 Dollars, for purchafing
Sca-ftores.

By this Time the Commodore had made an Agreement
with the EngliJJj Fattory for frefli I'rovifions, which were
regularly fupplicd during the 'I'ime theCir«/«rw» lay in the
Harbour of Alacao -, and the People on board were con-
ftantly employed in repairing and refitting the Ship, as fad
as their prcfent Circumllances would allow. On the 5th
ot December the following Account was taken of the Trea-
(iire brought on board from tin- Gloucefter, wlien, at the
Rcqueft of her own Officers, flie was deftroyed •, -Jtz.
N° I. A Box of Gold : 2. A Box with 4000 Dollars :
;j. A Box with 3000 Dollars : 4. A Box of 3000 Dol-
lars, a Box of JeweLs, and a Bag of iiits : 5. A Box with
1 255 Dollars, and .19 Pounds of loofe Plate : 6. Seventeen
Pounds of loofe Plate, Avoirdupois Weight. On the 8th
they received in a Boat belonging to the Defence, an Englijb
Ship then in tliofe Parts, a Cable, and other Neceffaries,
iVoin Canton \ and the fame Day two Ships, one a Dulchy
and the other a X-wediJh Eajl-Indianw.n, pats'd by them.
Homeward-bound. 'I'hey received, on the 9th, Orders
fnjin till- Commodore to get ready for Sailing, and on the
I ith they begun to get their Water on board, and to lit
their Ship: On the i:th they found their Main-mait
fprung in two Places, two Feet above the Partition on the
Lower Deck : On the 1 3th three Dutchmen came on board,
and entered tlicmlllves -, and on the 15th the Commodore
returned from Qvitcn, bringing with him a confiderabic
(,)i^iantity of Stores, neceffaiy to put the Ship in a failing
Polhire.

Immediately after his Return, the necefiary Orders were
given for difpatching the Repairs ; in Obedience to which,
the Carpenteis were imployed in finilliing their Mafts,
the Sail-mak'-rs in repairing their Sails, the Butchers in ialt-
ing i'ork, and the reft of the Ship's Company in watering
ami getting ready tor Sea. A Spectacle th.it lurprifed the
Cbinefe, and increafed the natural Jealouly they have of all
Foreigners.

27. In order to be thoroughly futisficd, and agreeable to
the Cbinefe Cuftom, of knowing to the utmoft Certainty
the Burden and Force of all I'oreign Ships, the principal
Mandarin at i^/i7C<j9 determined to pay the Commodore a
\'ilit, which he did on the 1 Sth, and, having received all the
Satisfaction he could defire, was very eleg.mtly entertained,
and at his Departure faluted with eleven Ciuns. The next
Day Captain Milcbell, who had commandetl the Gloucefter^
went on (hore in the Barge, in order to take his PaiTagc
home, with the Content ot the CommcKlore. The Order
for heaving down was not yet expedited, and all that could
be done was to get on board dry Provifions and Stores, of
which they received more or lefs every Day. On the 23d
the Princejs Mary, a Ship in the Eaft-India Company's Ser-
vice, failed for England, and faluted the Commodore with
eleven Guns, who returned live. On the 25th twoDdw/^
Ships paffed by, who hkewife faluted the Commodore with
eleven Ciuns and had nine returned. On the laft Day of
the Year their Long-boat returned from Canton, with an
Anchor, Hand-pump, and other Neceffaries. The Com-
modore kgan the Year with diftributing Part of the Plun-
der money taken at Pnyta, that the Officers and Seamen
might have tomcthing of their own, to furnifti themfclves
with Conveniencies,

On tlic ; th of January came the Order for heaving down
their Ship, and they immediately began to unmoor, weigh-
ed the Sheet-Anchor, and warped over to the Northward
U)T that Purpofi". The Commodore contraded for 100
Cbinefe Workmen to a.Tift, and two Junks to hold the
Stores, and other Goods, that were taken out of the Cen-
turic-.i i he caulcd likewife a Tent to be ereded on an adja-
cent I Hand, and placed a (iiiard there, for the Security of
the KlVccts that were putonlhore; he likcwife hired thirty
U'Hiefe Carpenters •, and, having l«»ft no Time, by the End
ol the Month of March, the Ship was pcrlet^tly repaired -,
4 X iwd.

3^4

ne V OY A GV. S of

Eook I.

f .'

J f.

and, by the 6th of./rr/'A complcttly ripped ; ar.d the fame
IXiy they Iwgan to iiVmoor. On the 7th in the AtUTnimn
the Commodore went alliorc, to take his Leave ol tin- {>o-
vcrnoroi Miicao -, who, upon his coming otV, Lilutcd him
with thirteen Guns. The next D.iy a Mandarin, and livcn
CbiHffi, in a Junk, anclioreii clofe by the Qriuricn, who
pretended to pivc the Commodore Advice to m.ike 1 lalle,
Ixcaiile the '/((/«« Sealon was advancing ; but the Com-
moiiorc very well ur.iicrllooii the Meaning ol tiie MelVapf,
antl that they were only ilefrnjus oi being rid ol h:ni, tor tear
of bis interrupting their MiinHa Trade. Tiiis appeared
more dearly on the i jth, when the Mandarin lent a Mel-
iige, infifting upon his immediate Departure ■, to which the
Commodore anlwtred, that he would fail wii-.n he thought
proper, anil not liet'ore.

On the 17th a Su.dh/b 1 lomcward-lwund l\\li-Indinman
anchored near them, wliicli f.iluted the Commodore with 16
Guns, who returned 1 5 •. and kx)n after went en board the
.Vtm/(', wliere he w.is entertaineii with all inugmalle Ke-
f|Hft, and laluted again at h s Dep.irture wit!i 16 Ciuns.
'I'he Commoilore, fii.iiing the .'^outli \Vel\ MM::.n fttting
in, and th.it it would Ik- liangerous tor hini to tail li r h.urcpt
Ix-fore the Moith of (kichtr, ilctermined to take this Op-
portunity of femiinp; home Captain Sau>iiln:<, in the S-xtdtfl}
>hip, wi;h an Account of his I'rtxreedings for the Satil-
faction of the (iovrrnment -, and, in the mean time, re-
folved to cruile tor tlie .Icnpu'.o Sliip, wl-.ich he had cer-
tajn Intelligence w.as very fo(;n cxix-Cted at MiViila.

The City of MuiW, which in th-: Chiiiffc Lanpviage
f gnifics (I Pert, (lands on the I'oint of an Iiland, called Uci-
(bfu, in the Province of Cwww. 'I'he For:n of this I'oint
of Land is very firgular ; it rek-mbks a Man's Arm l>fnt,
the .Shoulder- part being joined to the Iflai'd, anil the rell
furrourded by the Sea : '1 he llavin is very late and com-
modious, and the City was formerly very rkli .ukI Iplendid.
It belongs, as it always M, to ti,e Pcrli^ju^jr, who fettled
here by I'ermilTion trom tiie Fmjxrur o( CLuna : 'Ih^y
have a Governor of their own, and live under their own
laws 1 but are, notwiililbinding, fubjicled to the fiwj;/?, to
a IX'grec of .'•lavcry. 'I'hr Cultoms ot the Port U long to
the I'.mpcror, who has .in //(/to, or Comm;liionerot Re-
venue, here, .IS in o:!;er I'orts of his Doniiniors, and a
Mandarin, who dire:t5 Civil Alfairs -, ncitlier is it jiotfible
for the PorlK^uffc to lliake olT the Yoke, becaull- they are
every w.ay furro.inded. by the Chmefe, and l.-.ve not a IJay's
Pn)virion but \^hat they draw ironi the Country. Wliiie
the Portti^udc wire in i'oHeirion ot t!ie '1 ratle to Jtipan,
this Place was in a very tlourilhing Com'.itioii, and one of
tbt.' moft confuler.iMe Citii-s m their PolTcfiion ; but Imce
their Ljcpullion from that lllanii, their 'i"rad- has dechned
here, tho' it feems now to Iv in a Uitcr Comliti )n than it
was fome Years asjoi and there arc aconfidei.iLle Number
cf PcrlugHfff Shi|>s that com: hither aniuiaily from their
.Settliments m the li'tjhlmles.

But the C2'in(,v I'.rivc a imicii more conCider.iMc Tr.iile
from her.fe, cfpeciaily to Manila, where they vend a vatl
fji^inntity of rkh Gooiis, at a very high Piicc, to the Spam
aid', who pay tor them all in reaily Money ; tlut is to lay,
in Pieces ot Light, or in .Silver Bars, wIik h they bring fro;n the
II 'eft- India. This, h.owi vi r, feems to be a great Slij) in their
Politics •, whif h may lie the more eafily apprehended, it wc
compari it with tlv piudvnt Management ol the Pu.'ib, who
r.iiiy on likiwilt a great Trade with the (.h:nrl} at Ihila-
z:a ; wht-n-, notwitlillaiwling, they never fufTi r tiirrii to deal
for ready .Money, but for Spices, and otiier Indian Commo-
dities, ai-.d for tin- ."/lanufacturrs of Jiuropf ; f> that the
fame Commerce whiih cxluutls the Spetiiard;, enrithes the
Dutch, who make tlie Q'/rtf/f tie. ir Carriers .at an lulvLx-
jx-nce 1 whereas the Spamaids export immenre (J^:antilies lyf
Cbitrfe Gooi's in their ManiLi Ships ro Jicpiiho, and briii"
from thence the .Silver o! Mrxua in Return, the l)rU Part
ot which come, fooner or later, into the I lands of the Chi-
ntfe ; fo that lu re, as well as in huropt, the Spaniards, thro'
their own ill Ma-iag'-ment. are only l.ictors lor other
People, and havi- nomorc than atranlirory Pollctrion ot that
pr'xligious Wealth tiiey draw Iron 1 tlinr Indus. It is no
Wo.idcr therefore, thit th-- ^>/»/f'/c, who are, without iiur-
tb'in, as cunnini.^ and .as fdt-interi lied a I'eople as .my m the
World, were very much i!ilUiitx-d at CummiKlorc /Injon'i

iicir

lying fo long in this Port, cf|)ccially after the Arriv.i| o| ,
Ship trom Manil.i, which hapjx'ncd a little U-Icjh: Ins \\
parture, and informed the Chtncfe thoroughly of the AimrJ
henlions they were under from the Ctntumn\ Uin- m tLii
Neighbourhood.

There is one Thing whicli has been Ivtore laid down in
jx)int of lad, tliat feems to re<]uire fome Lxplanaiioni arj
that is the Caution given by the Chinefe Munilann tu ihc
Commodore, in relation to the ftormy Seal'on, Wc j^vc
already lj>oki n in other Places foiiiewhat of this Subjtft i but
here it will be nccilfary to dikufs the Mattir more at lirgf
in order to little this Point ; With relink to ilie \Vi,i!
ther in China, MonJ'oon is an Indian Word, wliitli, llritiiy
fpeaking, figniiics no more than a llrong W ind i aiul ii ji'
plied to the Hated 'I'rade-winds no otherwil'e than as tliry
are remarkably llrong, as well as Heady •, wimh Obltrvjtion
will hereafter appear to be ot much greater IJie, than it
tiril Sight may l)e imagincil. The Monjooni arc ilillin.
guifhed into the Lall Muiifaon, and the Will Movjm:
The lormer fts in, to the North of the Line in tluMuiuli
of Srplemler, and blows till .ipnl, biinging uliully tint,
fair, and conllanc Weather -, whereas the Well Mdhjm,
whii h blows trom ,!pnl to Seflcmi/fi; is utually aauiiiiu!
nied with heavy K.iins, and dreadliil Storms i whuh tin*,
the Ke.ilbn that indiiitd the Commodore to riinain inihij
Part of the World, till the I-'.ill Monfoen w.is will let m,
It is not to he liippoled, that the C h ingc of thete \S\w.\ n
a Thing very regular or ix.irt, or tli.tt the Siiiuflinn ui
them IS immidiate ; but it is to be undertlood, tluttli:
Months of .a'pril.md .V.^/c.virr are the fliittm;; Mi)iitli<,.iiiJ
that there is lomc Variation of Winds, Ixloie the Munii.ii
iKcomcs tix'd and fteady. Thus much, however, isur-
tain, th.ic the Alteration of thele Winds is asionlUntJs
the Change of tlie Year j and that all the Navigation ot tl:t
Indiej dejx-nds ujxin them.

All who arc concerned in Tr.u!e wait for thili- Changf,
and complete their C.ugoes, and fit out their Ships, agrf •
alile to thell- .Sf.iions, taking Inch Meafures toiiit|Mteh ihtir
Hu(inefs, in the Places to which the Sliips are ti,nfi^nu',
as to take tl-.e Benefit of the next or Cimtr.ity ,V/«>,yc,r,
whu h brings them liack again -, ni ither is it lal'y tomnuiv:,
how the Trade ol India lould In- cairied on, hut tor liitic
regular and conllae.t Winds. A Coalling rr.id'-, iiiilw!,
might It praiiticable, tioin I'l.icrs ne.ir eaih otiier, hy i!,c
1 lelp of Sta and Land-brec/es ; but Voy.igis ot lonluiiT'
ahleKxf. nt could by no means be carried on by iIk llr';i
01 tilth Land and .Sci Winds •, or, il they weie, iliey nii|;'[
take up three or tour Years, inllead of fix Week-. At 1-
Cliange 01 thele Trade Winds tiiere ,ire lre.|i.enlly g'ut
Stoims, which are a!lucail(il in the irdifJ, \lcriio;ns\ Iimiij;
that Word in its natural and llrict .Sinli-, lor .11 liig'i w
ftrong Wind j and thcreli;re this iJillinCtion n very nif-i-
fary ;o W obll-rvcd, m order to prevent our eoiituun.ling
one Mcnfocn with anotiier.

Hut the W iniis tnrntioncd by the M.iiid.iiiii, mrc hf-
foon:, fir, .IS lijiue write them, '/yphii' ; liei.uil, th' (irdk
Word Vv^^c;? ligniiie.s 3 Violent i.igli Wild. Itv^oiililk
at kail a tedious .mil |)ei|)lcx'd, ai.d, |)eih.ips, altua'l, I
dry and uft lets Inquiry, IIuhiII we indeavour to Ihew, tint
th : Cbinefc 'W rm of Tuffiott is i!ci 1 veJ Iroin, or is nu Ixtirr
than a Corrupiion ot, ilie (irtck W onl '/ i/i<t»/ 1 .nut aMt U
more agreeable to our PuriKile, we will ( nili,i\oiir toes-
plain tlie Thing, without troiiblr g ourtelv s .il'uui th;
Name, fujfoons, then, arc a paftuuiar KimI ol Viuirrt
Storms, whieh hapjx-n uliially in the fliilung Monihs hit
el|x-iiaily .iprii, on the Coall ot Qina. Thes iiiiniiwny
ha['iKrn near the Full or Chang- ol the Mn<,n, and aicul--
ally prcicilcd liy very fair Wctther, liiull Wi; .'', ami 1
tkar .Sky : 1 hctc Winiis virr trom the tri.r I r.uic wm.l,
and ufually Unit almoll round the Coinpals. Ikturc thf
Storm ( omes on, there appe.irs a dark tliiik ( luiul im t J^
Point trom which the Storm wi 1 bio* •, as Inpiwle it I"
trom the N. I', which Cloud han|',s .ilway- m ar the I lif^-
7.o;i, the upper bdge iit it b<in|', ot a dark llaitiei - ■■>
wli:eh grows brighter and brighter, and tliMi l.i if' ' ' '
whitilh glaiing t hiud. This is a viry awlul ami inri;;.'
SjHCtaile, iii.Unuiih as it lalls lunutinits lur twelve Ik :^
before the Storm comes on : W lirn tlut Cloud Iv|Mi* m
move, the Wind prelently lollows .t, and Llow, willi «"

•;

(#(-'

fr-: •■

t'lM^ L-

Chap. I. George Anson, Efq; 35-^

diblc Violence at N. E. for about twelve Hours, accom- Maftrrs of it ; and, fince that time, tlic Government of
•J with mod liorrid Claps of Thunder, large flying it is annexed to the Pnjvince of Fokien, and no Stranger!
t5 of Lightning, and a prodigious Rain. 'I'his furious arc fuHcred to trade thither.

par
Shetts

WinJiioesnot die l)y Degrees, but finks almoft all atoi cc j
then follows a dead Calm fur abt)ut anHour, till tiie Wind

On the 6th in the Morning, they were in Sight of the

^^^^^^ Eeijhee Illands, which are five in Number, lying in the

IfcTrom the oppofite Point at the S.W. and then it blows. Latitude of 20° 25'. Three of thefe Klands arc pretty

tiiuiidets, lightens, and rains, with as much Violence, and large ; that which lies moft to the Wtft is the biggeft of

iji about the li>mc Time, as it did before. tiie three, being about feven or eight Leagues long, and

I'lirtnius, who is juftly elleemcd for his excellent Write- about two wiile, lying almoll North and South, the Land

ings on this Subjcft, has given us a large l\ Itviption of this higli, flat, and (^i n on tlie Top, with deep Cliffs againft

. .. ,. „ .„L-..L I f- :. ;. „ ^,..,..,,1 ,!.« t|,g j^gjj 'jj^j. qjIjj.^ j^q Idands arc about four or five

I/jagucs to the i'.ailward of this, being between three and
four Leagues long, and a League and an h; 'f wide, ftretch-
ing North and South ; and are very mountainous, with
many Ueep Precipices. The two fmall Illands are flat and
even i only one of them hath a ftecp rocky Hill ; The In-
habitants live in fmail Villages, built on the Sides and

Kind of Storm, which, bccaufe it is more general, the
Kfjiitr may perhaps be well pleafed to fee. ♦ A -fyphon,
' uys he, isa llrong fwift Wind, blows from all Points, wan
' tilting alwut all Quarters,and generally comes from above.
' Tills is frequent in the Oriental Seas, efpccially in the Seas
' (it' Swm, China, and Japan, ami between Malacca and
' 'jifcn. It breaks out violently, almolt from tiic Wellern
' I'olnt, and turning round the Horizon with a rapid Force,
' [xTtorms the Revolution in twenty Hours ; till, growing
' (IrongiT and llronger, railing thofe Seas, with its ftiong
' Whirling about, to a great Height, every tenth Wave
' lilir.g ubove the rell, which dafhing againit one another
' witii great Force, the Seamen lofe all Hopes of tluir
' Lives i tor which, and other Storms, failiin; Irom I»diii
' loj.tpaii Is very dangerous ; fo that it one Ship in three
' !;,tslate thtre, it is look'd upon to be a profpcrous Voy-
' iff. The 'I'yptoH ragis moft in Summer, and more than
' an bii conceived by thole who have not fecn it •, to that
' it is nnWoniler the Ribs of tiie ftronf-'cft and iarg -ll Shijis
' ll'.oiild (jc hofenei! 1 you v/ould thii^k the Heavens and
' the Earih w;re turned to their antient Chaos. It rags
' n.it only at Sea, but alio on Land 1 ami overturns 1 louks,
' and pulls up Trees by tiic Roots, and carries great Ships
' a Qiurtcr of a Mile from the Sea. The Caufe of it, no
' doubt, is, tliat the Wind rulhing to a certain i oint is ob-
' ftruded, and returns on itidf, and is thus tumid round •,
' as wc Ice in Water, that turns round atout in a Icrtex,
* when it meets with an OblLicle ; or it may come trom
' lurlous Winds meeting one another, which renders the
' Sea plain, and dallies againft the Ships between t!um.*

:8. On the lyth of .'!pnl 174,^ they liiiled from
Muao; and, on the 3d of Afe', law the Soutiicrmoft
l'.srt ot' the Illand h'ormcfa, lying liall by South, at tiie
Piibncc of ten Lcigues, which atVorded t'l^ m a very
pral'mt Profixct. This Iflaiid, in the bell Ma;'s we have
itO'.M, is laid down from the Latitude of 22" to ir' 10
North, and in Longitude, from ^'' 20' 10 5^ ^50' I'.aft trom
P(mi. Its neaicft Dillance from the Continent is about
ihi:ty L«gues ; it is about fcventy Leagues in Length,
i:i.i t.vemy In Bitadth. 'VIk Spaniar.ls, who tint ilillo-
v>rttl It, r.illcd it, from the t.iir Prolpect it atlorcls at Sea,
itrmiia; but r\KCbinefe call it Taiotian; which vwt Sea-
nun, lixlling according to the Pronunciation, write '7'a'-
'~:n. It 15, in all relpecls, a very fine Iflaml, (Itu.nted in
a v.rv whollbme Climate, finely divtrliticd by Hills and
Vilkys, Plains and Woods, well watered, and atVording
riit (,;ily the Neeefiaries and Conveniencics ot I .ite, but
[ al;'o very rich and valuable Commodities •, Cuch as Cold in
cn::t Plenty, Raw Silk, Sugar, Copper, Hnerthan in Cbina,
i"Jt coarfvr than that ot 'Japan, with Abundance of

1 hf Natives difier much from their Neighbours the

Oj«/c, and the Iniubitants of the Ptilipptnes, in their

I (-umplexions. Stature; and Make, for they are, grncr.illy

;;ak;!ig, a low fquat People, with large I leads, low

iwchtads, hollow Lyes, their Cheek-bones remarkably

■It!:, UrgiMouths, ihort flat Chins, with little or no

I i their Necks fm:ill and long -, their Arms and 1 .etjs

linall, and llllhaped ; their Feet very long and

I, ami, generally Ijxraking, they arc Baker-knecil.

' 'ipjh .uid Duub luad Fadories there till alwut the

T'ops of thele rocky Flills, and tonfift of feveral Rows of
Houfes, one over another, on thcfc ftecp Precipices:
They go to the firft Row up a wooden Laildcr, and fo
wiih a Ladder up to that above it, there being no other
Way toafcend. The Plain on the firft Precipice is fo wide,
as to have Room for a Row of Houfes that ftand all along
on the Edge or Brink of it, and a very narrow Street run-
ning along before their Doors : Between the Row of
1 loufes, and the Brow of the next Precipice, tlie Plain is,
in a manner, level to the lop of the Houfes below ; and
the reft are pretty near tl:e fame Order and Proportion.
'The common Laiklcr to eaih Row or Street ccnies up at
a narrow Paflage, left purpofely about the Middle of it j
and the Street being bounded with a Precipice alfo at e.ach
F.iid, it is but dnwipg up the Ladder, if they are attacked,
and then tliere is no coming at them from below -, and,
that they may not be alT.iulted tVom above, they take care
to builil on a I lill, the Baeklide of which hargs over the
Sea, or on Ibme high, iLep, perpendicular Precipice, al-
together inaccelliblc.

'Che Men .ire generally employed in Fiftiing, and take
their Sons with them., but their Daughters live at home
with their Mothers ; and, when they are grown up, they
fend them to their Plantations to dig Yams and Potatoes,
of which th'.y bring home on their Heads, every Day,
enough lo llrvc the whole Family •, for they have no Rice
or Mai/..'. Their Plant.itions are in the Valleys, .at a
good Dill.ance from their Houfes, where every Man has a
cert.iin Spot of Land, which is properly his own ; this he
manages tor his own Ufe, and provides enough, that he
may not be beholden to his Neighbourj. Both Men and
Women wear very large Ear-rings, made of yellow Metal,
which tlity call Btillaaaii, i. e. (iokl, and very probably
it is lo. '1 hey arc very ingenious in building Boats, hav-
ing fome that will carry forty or titty Men ; thefe they row
with twelve or fourteen Oars of a Side. In regard to their
Manners, they arc a neat, Ibbcr, civil, indultrious, quiet,
hon-eft People, jull to each otlier, ai.d equally courteous
and generous to Strangers.

'1 trey are vi-ry moderate in their way of living, con-
tenting thcmlelvcs ulually with Fifh and Roots. As for
their Drink, it is commonly Water ; yet they have a better
fort of Liquor amongft them, made of the juice of Sugar-
canes, which they Iwil, and put fonic Blackberries among
it J wlicn it is well boiled, they put it into a great Jar, and
let it rtaml three or four Days to ferment ; then it fettles,
.•md become;; clear, and is prcfently fit to drink. It is an
excellent Liqiior, very much like Eng/ijh Beer, both in
Colour and Talle ; it is very ftrong and wholfome. They
have no tort of Coin, but barter Imall Pieces of yellow
Metal, wrapped up in Plantain-leaves, for what they wanr.
'I bey are great Admirers of Iron, and will till a good fat
Goat for an iron Hoop -, and a large Hog, of feventy or
eighty Pounds Weight, for two, three, or four Pounds of
Iron. They will alfo give feveral Jars of their favourite
'd to thr iarian, who were then aluiut fubduing that Liijuor tor old Nails, Spikes, or Bulkts.

"' •'— ■ '--"^ ... This Account IS intirJy taken from Mr. J)rtw/'/<r, who,

for any thing we know, is the only Author that h.is given
any Delcriptionol them : He was there wish Captain 6'iL-an
in the Year 1O87, or rather in Captain ia.;/('s Ship, tor his
Crtw |j;u.l then left him behind, ami it wis his Saikirs
th.it bellowed upon them the N.iine ot the Bajlxe Illinds,

which

iTI!.
1 Th;-

^ -r 107X, when the Province ot lokien havinc fob

ir.r,' ! - -' •■ • - "^ -

liLinil, they directed the J.uiopeans to remove thi ir Settle-
';>'^''.i to the Continent ; upon which the Engljh witli-
>'" w their ladory to /hi oy ; but the Puuh, having a
? ilortrels and r, numerous G.irifon, fuftaiiied a long
'•;, ami told ihcir .Seitl' ment very de r, i\w 'Tartar j
,W"g Icveral Thoiifands of Men, before they became

\S H

i i ^* i "

■I V ,

■ f

\/l

i i

B ,

3"?

\>4

I' '

1 ;

J '

A''j-

f^Pi

;

1 *■

1
4

?S'<5

7/;^ VOYAGES <?/

Book I.

which thfV have fiiue retained, even in the Ix-ft Mitps ; the Governor ol Guam, the Pilot of the Sfamjh Ship, anj

anJ It is really won>iiTliil, tliat, confulfriiu; lo miu h No- l<)nie o» the principal Officers ami I'aflcngcri : As lor t[,c

tia- h.islxcntakinol his DclViiption.noAittmi'thaslxrn Cor.iirairdcr, he hail received two Wounds, jnd it »aj

hirlirrto made, cuIkt to fittli- in iheni, or trade with their not thought late to remove him ; InitOrdirs wire givr„

Inhabitants. 'Ihc y hail, towards the Middle ol the Month lor t.'kiig all imaginable Care ot him on board his uw,

•f May, very Uorniy Wea.her, with much R.iin. On Ship.

the 2i'll tliey faw Cape SpiriiH ^J»/*, on the llland of In this Aiftion the Crw/ttriaw Iml only two Men killd

Sam^r, which is one ol tlie Philiffinef, and lies to the w>. Ibomas Rid'menJ, wh(j had hi^ 1 lead Ihw oft", ^ni

South-call of .W^'//7/<i. They excrcilcd thur Small armi O'eorge Ik'alton : lacutenant )»rrt/, and tit urn \K„

on hwrd conft.intlv, whrn the Weather would p. unit ■, and wounded. They had lilteen Shot through the Mull „,'

kc])! cruiliiit; in the Way ol the .Icapulco .Ship to the iKth the Ship ; their l-oie-niall. Main-mall, and Binvijiru,

ol June, without meciinp with any remarkable .-Xicident. wounded, ami their Ki{^{',iny; very much lliattirul. I;i

:(). On the 2 ill in the Morning they liiw tiiel.ind,
bearing South-well, at the Diflanceot about k\Qn Uaguesi

and alxjut levm o'clock they tirft liilcerned a Ship, Ix-ar- ^

ing . South-call, which provul to be the Galleon they had ^t.\\\<.OA\\.v>c.\\\o\ Nueflra S:g^noradclC<iho Doit^c:%^^,,^i[^_

lo long cxixiihd. As loon as tlic Comniodmr was in- mount lixty (iuns, but had only torty-twoachi,iliymount>;i

formed ol it, hr came iip)n Deck, and tlu- liillGlimplL- rcventnii ol wimh wtrc Hrals, aiul tweniy-eijiht h-

through his IVrlix-dive, Ihcwing like two .'-hij's, he laid, terenxs ; eat h ot whic h, tlmt is ol the I'.itaercxs, vtij

taking the IVize, they e.>ti)Ciuled lilty hundred Wnghtit
Round llv't, tour Rounds olt. rape, and tour oIDolH,..
heatled, ami twenty tour Barrels ot Powder. '1 lie ,s«,/«;,,;,

very cixjlly, to the .Sailois who were near liiin. My I^uis,

we will figiit them Iwth. As Ihe drew luur. r, they law

their Millake ; and that, in reaiitv, there wa? but one

Ship. Tiie Commixlore then gave Orders lor lna'^ing ail

Things clear, that t!iey might be in a Ixtk r Condition to

chatl and fight. The Spttmjb Comm.in.lir, l.owever, did

not give them mui.h Trouble in t'lis reljxct, bur bore Comm.jndcr ordered twenty Men to be employ

down upon them Ix-t'ore the Wind; and, wlun Ihe was

come within a Mile ol the Centmion, brooj^ht-to, in
order to engage. In a little tune alter ilu- liied a Gun,
which was aiilwercd from the Ci'ii.'uricn, l,y fir'n;;; a Gun
to the Leeward. At about hail an Hour atrer tin the
I-".nemy hoilkd ^f.-m.-ZA Colours, and a red Flatr, with the
Arms ol'5/>.j/«; at lur Mai:i-top-nwll-l;ea iv and then they

ioad(d with leveiuy Mulqui-t-lwlls, or what \v;is iqiiivdli;<:
to them, rully N.iils, llint-llones, .iiul Slugs; thiy lii^cviiij
lired abundance of Chain-lhor, lijm- Doubleluadul, wn.h
barbed I'l-ints, wliuh witli us arc ell ( med unlaw tui. .S!).-
had lilty-i ight Mm killei!, and eigiiiy-tlirte wounded. Tj
previiit their beiiu^ intimidated l-y it gieat a I o(i, ih-

. " . • dur:,:^';
tlie whole .Vr.liun, in throwing thi Dead ov r boor'l, anil
in walhing the Deck, that the Blood might not be per-
ceived. ;>hc hul 150 Shot through 111 r I Url, nunv cf
which were Ik'I ween Wind an I VN'atir, whieli nud; li.r
very leaky ; her M.ifls wnc in a very b.i i t "i.^litior, ad

her l<iggi:g tore ail to pieeev, fo tli.it tliey wtrc ob
to fin ! HK.cks and Ciils of Rop'S on b ard, to repair it
as I'.ion as Ihc was taken. The Cutter and tlie l.or.g-boj;
of the I'ri/e were lor lomc lime employed in bnngmg 0:1
board the Prifoners, to the Numtx-r of three hundred ; and
l.i.i;t(nant Sumituire, with titty Men, were lel't m IW-
fertion of ths Pri/.e, together with two Surgeo.-'s, to a;i: :
tile Woumied. 'I'hey found, on the tirll Si.irth, 11
board the Ship, one hundred and twelve Hags and ii'.

began to lire random Shots, Ix-forc they cmie to a d li.-
F.ngagement. At hall an Hour alter twelve o'clock tiic
Ctnturson hoifted lur Colours, .:nd tired a Shot at the
Cluce, which Ihe returned. They t:i.n came cloli- a long-
fide of each other, Yardarni and Yarvl arm, when tae
Attack beg:ui with all die l-'ury imaginabl.-.

T.hc Comiiioiiore remaineJ, iluring the whole Aflion,
upon the Quarter-dctk, with his Sword drawn, and gave Chells i\ Dollars, and one Hiig of Plate
his DirectiOiS with the greatell Calmmfs iniaginai''le. On the 2:d live ot the Piifoners died, on Ixarxi th;
The I lonourable Mr. van Kfppi,; Son to the I''.arl ot Me- Centurun, of (heir Wounds ; tlie two n^xt Days wer: tm-
murk, give his Orders between IVeks -, whidi were ixc- ploynl in bringing on board great Part of iiuir Rxhes.
cutcd punctually, and witliout the I all Confufion. As On the 2--th one Inindred of the Pnlbiiers were pet irrii
they had no: a very large Stoik id Aniiminition, In- the HoM (jt the o/-d»////.( Shij). The lame 13ay lJo;i ///.'
ftnictions were given not to wallt it by lir:ng any Guns tcniwo Menttro came on Ixiard the CeH!ur:i!i ■, and, whi-n
without Probability of doing IrACiUtion ; and thcrctorc he law how inccnlidcrable their Poice wa.s, lie could wt
thty tired but tour Guns at a time, whiJi genendly went hel|) exprelling the gie.it.ll Fury and Palllon at being tikoa
through and through the Fauniy's Ship ■, and, as the Spa- by ludi an Handlul of Mm, and thole too in liieti Cun-

niiiruj had rear lix hundred Men on loard, there was
hardly a Shot tluit milled them. 'I hey made ule, during
t!ieKngagemcnt,i>t an cxcel'em Ftinti whieh was, making
the ulual Signal to board, by lathing their Sprit-lailyard
forc-and-alt, which made the .S'/'d^/an/ imiginc the Co-n-
iTiodore .h.ul his tiill Compfnunt of Men; and, whate<,ii-
iirmed them in tiiis Opini(jn, was his fli.wuig his wlu-le
Force, confilbngof 227 Men, on one Side, whiiiihehad
an CJpp(jrtuiiity ol doing by tlieir engaging Yard arm anil
Y.u-d-arm ; wlurtas, it they had fougiit Hroadlide and

01! ion ; lor many, though they h.id Spirit eno.ijn 10
light. Were almolt tat up with the Scurvy, and a giiu:
Part of the Ciew were, in a manner, peruet Hoys. Uii
the 2(yth more Money w.is bioug!:t on board ; lo tiut i:
was now comput' li they had ha. I a Million two l.undnJ
thoulaiid Piecsoi F.iidit from on loard the I'rizi-, and a
great deal n.ore was limugl.t on i ,)ar<l the mxt i'ay.

(Jn the .'.ah .Mr. Pl::i; ^tinm.ny wis ai'ioiiKfd Cjjv
tain of tile I'ri/.e, his Comniiliion iv.aring Uaic t.em mc
D.iy llie was taken i and, as liwii as he rec.iveJ it, the
new Capt.nn filutcd tie- Commoilore with il vcn (juis,
which was aniwered by three i but the Pii/.e was in I'l bad

Hroadlide, he woulil luve wanted Men to liavr m.iiiaged

Ins Guns. 'II, is liirpnfed and intimidaird tiie Ijicmy,

who, being inrormcd of tlie Condition they w-.re in at a Condition, th.it th^y were obhiv d to take her in Tow,
7/wdu, thought thrmfdvesfure ol takingtlieinj whidi w.ib 1 lu tame Day ihev n mov.vd liltccn Higs ot Uuilari,, lomc
what imluced them to liear down as they did lx-t.,re the Pl.it:-, and three 'imall C.iiks of V ugii.-liivcr, un board
Faigagement. ihe Commander ot the Spam/h Ship, the 0;/«rwx, lo that ti.ty had row tvcry thi.;gol \ aiuc
Don Uinomtno y moo, a P(r:uj;uff(, Ixhavi.l very out of the Prue, amouniing, in the W hole, to l,.?l,^S4,•
bravdv ; and, h die lirll Hour, hred vny brifkiy ; Picas ol F.ignt, and ^^,65 2 Ounces of PJat. and Virgin
but akifwurds the Ship lay like a IxJg io the .Sea, and
Hrid only now-andthen. Ihe Aetion laftcd an Hwir and
twenty Minutes, A Spamjh Ofheer, who was ordered to
Urike the Colours and who llooii very near them, reluled
to i!o It tur li.nu time ; but at laft they were llnuk.
l-'pon tins the Coiiinioelore i.rdeied Ins Cutter to he

hoilled, the nil i,| the Boats bung rendered unlerviccable
III the F.iigagemrnt, and lent on l>oard laeutenant Sum-
vinri to take Pollilllon of her; but, there king little
Wind, flie tell on 1/oard the CenlurioH, but, in a little time,
they got clear. \\\\u\ the Cutter returned, llie biought

filver. On tlu firil ot 'Juh tl.ey had Sight 'd the Bapi
Illands, and tlie luxt D..y found themfelves o:;' th- Iiiand
ol MiiniUi, lor w huh their I'li/.c was bou.ul.

1 he propir Name ol this llland 1. l.uco>:iii, but it is
Irequeiitly ealk\l Manila, from its MitropidiS d tlut
Nahic. It 15 the largdl ol the f'tiLfpiwi, ami one 0!
the viry bill Coiintrn> fubjcCt to the Crown ot .^pain. 1'
alVurds all .Sorts ol Corn, Iruits, and Roots, in proi.yu-'
J'leiuy, and Flelhand Filh, in as great .\bi,ndance u.ia.i
be wilhed 1 klides all thele Advantages which iii:<-
It a delightful Country to live in, it may b- ji'li'v con-

Chap. I.

George A n s o m, Eff;

liJtrd iu tilt bifl (itiiatiHl Place for Trade in the Eafl
inii,-< or [H-rlupsin tin- I'liivcrle. The LoniiiKKlitiis of
tiis liUnil arv lion, St«'r, (ioUl, but not very tiiic •, Wax*
Kicis Sdi'>, >Sal]ron, isc. to whirli wc: may adil a va(l
chun'tity ot l)ctr-n<iM, anil EuftVlo-hklfs, wlilcli, by the
H ill (,t the ChiHfj}, they IcnJ yearly to 7d/><3«. IIr- City
„l Uaiiild, which is wondirluliy wtll fcatai in tlic Laii-
tuicof 14° 15' North, 13 the Seal of an Anhbifhop, and

ot tlic VicerDV ; and thry both live here in the u; moll ..- ,

SpWor. The City itfilf is large anl jiopuluus-, tlic h:r, and
Mrtrts wiiic and iundlomc j the pubhc Build r.gs v.ry "■-
mai^nifuciit ; the Suburb vt' the (jbiiieff is very larg:', and
lalfot IVopIe, who arc very indullnoiis, and carry (;n a
rruJigiuns 'i'raJe, notwithllanding tlic Spaniards harals
thrill with heavy Innxjiitions. The I'ort is one of t!ie
Ixft 111 the World, being at once cxtrc'inely faft, and very
caiiacious, at the funetime that it is fo well lituated as to
command equally the Trade both of tiie Kaji and IFeJi

Idas.

Ihcre is another Advantage, wiiicli the Spaniards poniTs
jnil improve here beyond any tiling they do in other Parts
ot their Dominions 1 and that is, abundance of line Tim-
ber, tit lor ^'hip-building, and which is employed in the
Conftriiction of thole vail Galleons which carry on the
iWc between this Port and AcapuUo. It is hkewife cer-
tain, tlat the Spaniards builil other Vcfll'ls here fur their
f j;/ hiia I radr v and, though it mull be gnuited, that
iity iki not nuke the utinoll life that might be made of
Lidi Advantages, yet it cannot be denied, that they ma!
more Ule of them here, than in any other Parts of thtir
Dominions. They atlmit Mohammedans and Cbincfe to
Lile here, though they are no-where more prccife in the
Lxciufion ol Europtans. The Mohammedans are allowed
thcrxcrcile of their Religion; but the Cbinefe arc forced
tjeoiintcifeit Chrilbanity, which they will do very dexter-
oiilly, to promote their Commerce. This is the bright
SiJeof the I'rolpedl •, but, perhaps, it may not be amifs
to view it a little in the Shade. 'I'he Iflaiid ol jMconia is
very large \ lomc fay, not Itfs than four hunilrcel Leagues
in CifLUtnlerence, ami, at the fame time, is extremely
populous. '1 he .V^<i»MrJ; are {KillelTed only ofthcCoaft,
ind hive not more determined i'.ncmies in the World than
the Inhabitants of the inland Part.s, who, as they are
equally adivc and warlike, give them a great deal of
Trouble, lortilying all the Kntrances into their Country with
a Ion ot Retrenchments made of Bimboos, or fplit Canes,
which defend them from the Attacks of the Spaniards^ and
yet leave them fecrct Pallagcs, by which they lally out,
and make dreailful Excurlions.

I here have Ijcen likewifc many civil Commotions even
in the SpMil)) Settlements, owing chielly to the Opprtl-
fij;"! ill till ir Vireroy, or Captain-General, and to the
l.iir;j;iiis 01 the Clergy. In the Year 1719 the latter
liiricd up the I'copic againft the Viceroy, who had behaved
wy ill m Ins Government, and adually killed him in his
I'alacf. It is therefore eal'y to judge, why the Spaniards
>rc I,) .ipprchenlivc of Europeans canying on any Con-
Hitree here, liiice they are equally in Danger from the
Natives on the one hand, and from the Dilcontents of thtir
iiwn People on the other. Yet, in fpite of all their Care,
tl'. Pmuguefe lliarc in the rich Commerce of this Illand,
inl tlie Spaniards were Ireiuently forceil to employ them
u military and maritime AlVairs, for which they are much
titter than their own iVople. But tholb they moll dread
i'ftheD«/fi; And, it is tor this Kealon ; that, though
•Nutmegs and Cloves adually grow here, as well as Pepper
.mi other Spices, yet neither i\\c Spaniards, nor the In-
wjitants, take any Care to cultivate them, merely from
t.ie Apprclienlion of its tempting their Neighbours to ex-
ttnil their Conqiicrts on this Siile. It is very true, that the
^ii<b can fcarce ilraw together a Force furticietit U)
"ecute luch a Defign, but they know lb well how to
^l\v? ''"^''"' N2'ii"is againft each other, and, by their
rtililiancf, have brought about clli:where fuch furpriling
"evolutions, t|,m |( ^y^ii^i ^ certainly a dangerous thing
'.' l""^';*'^'^ tlicm, by intcrtering, in any Degree, with
I "^f'^S 'Article of their Indian Commerce, the Mono-
I W ot theft Spices. But to proceed witli our Voyage.

?77

Onthe 9thof >/v inthe Afternocn, bring then within
Sight of the Coall of Ciina, tliey difcovtred a Sail -, to
which they gave Chace, lending fjr all ilu ir People from
on bo.!rd the Cenlurion\ Pii/e, exceptin;; the Captain and
nine Men, who had hk'. wile Orders to quit her in cafe of
an F.ngagcmtnt. The next Morning tli.y faw her again,
when flic appcaretl to le a large bhip under Jrcitch Co-
lours. They continued the Chace all that Day, and the
next Morning, but, fimliiig they di 1 not [',;iin much upon
her, anti, conliderin;.; they liad not Wat. r for abuvc three
Days, and li) great aNumlier of Piilbners to guard, they
relblvet! to prof cute tiieir Voyauc to Ma:,hj. On the i itli
in the .Attn noon, a Boat canu on bciard them with two
Chiiie/^ Pilots, one of which was taken on b:)ard the Cen-
turion, and the other lent on hoard the Prize. 'I'he next
Day leveral Boat'j came otV fnjiii Macao, in order to tow
them into the Koaei, wheie thty anchored in fix Fathom
Water, the City bearing South-well, at the D;ilance of
iibuut two U>a^;iies : When the Boats tl-.at had t;)wed them
in returned, they fentalltoir by them fevcnty of tbar Spani/j
Pi doners, whom tluy let at lalnTty.

31. As tlic C'omiiio'dore had before exiicrienced many
Inci^nveniencies from lying a conliderable time in the Koad
ot Macao, he was relblved not to remain there, but to pro-
ceed through the duller of Illands, that lie in that (iulph,
to t!ie River of Canton, or, its the Chincfe call it, ^ang-tong ;
which accordingly he did, and anthured, on the 14th of
July, olfan liland, which is called the Illand of '73'^(T.r, at
the ^^ol.tll of the Harbour. On t!ic j^th, the'commo-
tlorc lent a Lieutenant, witli nineteen Men, in hi? Barge,
up to the City, with a Letter addrelled to the Viccr jy,
acquainting him with the Reafjns whi:h obll^i;, ' him to
enter his Port, intimating his Defign to pay him a V'ilit,
and deliring a Supply ol Provifions and Stores. On the
i6tli, two h'rencbSiw^i ciuered the Road ; upon which,
the ComniiKlorc put his own Ship, and his Piize, in a
proper Pollure to receive them, in cale they had adted as
Lnemies 1 but, upon his lending his Pinnace on board,
they alfured the Officer who cnmmanded her, that there
was no War declared between the two Crowns when they
left l-rance, which was about the Middle of December.
On the I /th, tlicy moored in the Mouth of i-^ang-tor.g
Kiver, at the fame time that the Harrington Eaji Indiaman
came to an Anchor there, and faluted them With twenty-one
(jiins •, which Compliment rhey returned with nineteen.
1 he next Morning the Lieutenant returned in the Barge,
and brought with him a Supyly </ frelh Provifions, but
no Licence for proceeding up the River, as w;is expected }
and froni him the Commodore received Notice, that a
Mandarin, of confiderable Rank, would be very qjickly
fent from t!ie N'i^e-King, to acquaint him with the Refo-
lutions he had taken in rete.ence to his Letter.

Upon this, every thing was put in order for the Re-
ception (if this Cbinefe Otiicer, who arrived on the ictli,
attcndetl by twelve Cliiintpaiis. He delireil that the Com-
nicxlore would fpare the Ceremony of fainting him, becaufe
his Guns being large, the Noilc would dillurb him ex-
tremely. He allured him, that the \'ice-King would take
Very kimlly a Vifit from him and the Captain of the
other Ship ; prelentcd him with a Licence for a daily Supply
of frclh Provifions ; but intimated, at the fame time, that
the ufual Duties, according to the Size and Me.ifurement
of his Ship, would be txpcifled, as they made no Di-
flindkion in China between Merchantmen and Kings Ships.
The Commodore repheil, that the King of Great Britain's
Shi[)s of War were never treated on a Level with trading
VelU'ls in any Port ; and that he was ablblutely reflrained,
by his Inllrudtions, from paying any Acknowledgment for
Leave to anchor in any Hartwur whatever. The Man-
darin behaved very civilly and politely, feemed to be
extremely well fatisticd with the Reception he met with,
and promifed, at his Depaiture, to hallen the Licence for
proceeding up the River ; for w.ant of which, they had
not hitherto bee n able to pafs the Bar. On the 2 2d, they
fent more of their Prifoners on fliore.

On the 24th, two Dw/fiShips .anchored nc.ir them from
Batavia -, and the next Day arrived a third, which faluted
them with lifceen Guns •, to which they returned thirteen.

4 Y On

' ill

!'i

■

rl -i

4 I

J" '

398

7/jc VOYAGES/?/

Pcok I.

On the 27th tlic Ikcncc arrivctl, anJ the next ITw thry
lailal over t!if Bar, ;iml aiuljorcil in livo Farlviiii Water.
'I'lu- next Morning tluy fm the {<a\tu\ nt tlic .">>i»//J
Ship, the roll of the Olficcrs, ;inil .ill tlu- Prilonrn, txccpt
thi- Second M.it.', lonu- Carirntcts, a:i<l t-n or nvrlvc- inorf
Men, who might lyr ufi till in ivliitin^; thnr own Ship, on
bo.inJ two Chitffe Junks to Mukio. On tlic iotli, tiwy
weighv-il, anil llixxl up thr River, ami cinie to .in Aiwhor
ov.r-.ig.iiiift the Cull jin I loul". ; aiul now, having no fur-
ther O-cifiDn tor t'".- Cliincfe I'llots, the Coinnio^iorc ilil-
ch.irKicl tlutn. 'I'he whole Month of ./«?«// was rniploy-
cd in purchalir^; Stores aiul I'roviiions from tlv.T.il Slni's
in the Rivir, .is w.is allit tlut of Stpiemher in nuking liith
necclTary Hriuirs .is their Cimimllancs wouiil permit.
The 1 ithot OUolxr, lH'in[;thc .Annivcrfiry of his Majelly's
Coronation, the/ lirtfl'ei tlvir Ship, diCpiaycJ their CoUxii >,
and tired twenty-one Guns.

On the i:th, the Commodore Ivinf; informed, that a
Ship Ixloiiging to t!ie /•..»// hd:a Company, called the
Jh,funificld, was arrived on the Coaft ol CbntA, in a very
tli(lr'fl"d Condition, ocrifioned by her meeting with a
TuiVoon about thirty l.e.i-ucs to the \Vcl\wanl ot Macao,
in wliii h (he loft her M.iin-maft, I'ore-moft, Bow-l"prit, ae.d
had Iier Qiiartcr and Giiiint 1 broke, he immediately fent
the I Xing bo.it belonging to the llarrtngtott, another Eajl-
/v./..j Shijs with an Oifict-r and thirty Mm well arme.l,
With tweaiy Swords, as many Bayonets, ami C.irtriil[;e
box 5, together with .in Anchor, and a ic\'t\\ Inch and h.ilt
llilfer, tor the life of th.it Ship. He was the more

and diluting him with if) Gun'
anil tho!

Wli'n lie lamlfd, |„i
O.'licers, ami tho'..' wha acompanied him, ni.mhal 134
folemn ami regular ProctlTion tow .iids the Viceroy's [>,.
Ltce, the Commodore himfelf being carrie<l in a (j|,j,.'.
His Attendants alfo were properly m.utliallcd, ami t'l-
whole Ceremony londiided with as mui h Durncy ai.i
even with .ill the Magniltcencr', that their CinumiVii
woulil allow. As the Cbintfe arc extravjjjantly tnr.d ,<
I'omp and Shew, and as theOfTiccrj weie .ijlof t'wmvrv
richly dieireil, and all their Attendants in new t iMuti;., t!
Ceremony h.ul .1 very prop.-r l-'.ftcct, and ail the \^^c.i'M
regarded it witii Silence and ReftietJt.

On their Arrival at the Vice-King's I'ajaee, tltyf.rrf
lo.ouo Men under Arms bi'fort: it, the Wimlovn, (,j.;_.!
ries, ami Battlements, all thronged with I'eople lielonnrj;
to his CiHirt. The Commodore, and thofe who .i(,tm.

p.inievl him, sverc immediately condiidid into the eim
1 lall ot the I'.d ice ; ansl foon after were admittid t,, tht
I'releiue ol tlie Vice-King, who apj'cared on tlis (XMiion
with all the I'omp imaginable, being atreiided I7 thiMj^
darinsof his Council. He received the Coinniodorc »it:,
the iitmoft Civihty and l^olitcncls, and gave lim a pr«i
l''ntert.iintnent, confilVing, attei the C.hin>-ff M.inncr, ui 1
Multitude of fmall Ditlics, tilled with dift"mitSomo!
niint'd Meat •, alter which, and .1 projvr Inerv.il ktwcn,
tiiere lollowcil a rich Deflert c<f dried l'ni;rs aiul .Swm-
meats \ and, alter that, Te.i. Tlie \ice-Kin(^ lik;wic
nailily granted all that the Commodore ileftnd, anilmaiie
him fume I'rcfents, as a Teftimory of his Rt rjcot. The

anx-.ou; about this .\(T.ur, trom an Apprehenfion, that the CommfKlorc had alfo provided liiitihle IVeln-.ts for i!it

Sp.injh IViloncn he h.ul lately ilikh.uged, and lent to Ma-
f,ij, nvijht, on feeing her in this Oillrefs, .attempt fome-
thing to her Prejudice : .So carctul w.is the Commmlorc, on
every Occalion, to lliew his Concern tor v.hatevcr relatevl
to his Country, and fo willing was he to contribute, li) l.ir
as lay in his I'ciw.r, to protci t the Commerce of his M.ije-
ftv's Subje/ls; which gained him the univcrfal K(Kcm and
A 'ic>i.>n, not only ot j!I in the f.ajhinjia Company's Ser-
vice, but of fueli Eitrnfe.inj alii) as were at tins 'rime at
Cviton i of whieh tluy gave ihe mo!^ fignal 'I'elUmonir«,
■«!un;v;r any Op[xiininity ofTiTil, an 1 particularly on thr
following Oec ilion ; in whiih the Commtxlore .tctetl with
all the I'lUvicnre, Dexterity, and I'refn.eof Mtiid, that
fo nice and delicate a ConjiMuUire rtquired : And, no
doubt, his Behaviour will (y rllecmed a in I'recedent in
fucc;-eding 'I'lmts, in cal'e any of his Maitlly's Shii>s ot
War (houlil hireafur have Oicifion to vilit this, or any
other l*<.rt in Lbin.i.

^2. 'I'he Ship iK-ing now ainioft in a Condition fit (or
Sailing, a.id nothing wanting but a fulTici.nt Stock of Fro-
vi(ions and Naval Siores, for which, notwithitanding the
moll prciling Inll.inc'.s had Ixrn m.ule, no Licence could
be cbt.iined, tho' ail the Favour all<ed, was to piirchale
them tVr rtaJy Money -, the Commodore refolveti to make
a V'lfit in I'criijn to the Vice King. But as it w.is iinjiof-
fible to f irtCte wh.it Accidents might attend his putting
himfelf abfokitely in the I'ower ot the Cbhiefe, wlio had
hitherto (liewn no gre.it Regard to his Repieli ntations, he
very wifely piovi led tor tin- worft, by granting a Com-
iniirion to Mr. Hntt, w.hom he appointed Captain of the
Ct»tayi:r„ with Unct, Injuni'iiuns, that, in cafe he (houkl Ik:

Vic(-King, who tokl him, with all the Civility imagiabf,
that it was contrary to the Cudom of iiis Ceiiatry, n 1 Li-
compatible with the Otfice he held, lor him to receive them i
anil therefore hoped lie would exriilr his Krtiil'al.

Such was the Kliie ot this Audience, wiih whidi r;
Commoslorc h.id all the Re.iton in the VVcrld to hefitii'-
finl, having luccifilrd therein Co the iitmod I-Atriit cl h
Wilhcs, and much beyond the Kxpectation ot all tJK /,»■
ropians -, who give it as their unaiuir.ous Opinion, Ik: t
the Commoilore's Dejiarture, that the Port Duties wo d
Ik* infilled on, there having been hitherto nu Inlhnccui
their Ixing ever di(|)enfetl with. The Sueerfs of ihis who't
Atr.iir was entirely owing to the ])erfoiul Ccruiiiifl ui th:
Commotlore, who had thoroughly (hidied the Genius vi
Diljiofition of the I'l-ople he had to deal with ; anil by ds
Wi(ik)m, Mfxleration, and Difcretion, overiame all th:
Dilliculties, which the mod exj>erienc«i I'eople in that let'.-
try thought infurmountabic ; ami by his Firmntls anil I'r;-
lince of Miml, aflcrtcd the Honour of his Mailer, ardd
this Nation, among the moll cunning and fuhde I'enpL n
the World, i Ic returned with the fame State anl C;T^
mony tmm this Audience, with which he went to it -, arJ
ihr News of his happy Succefs, when brouglit id ins S^iv,
was receiveil with all polliblc Marks ot the moll f:r..«
Joy.

The firft Thing that wa.s done after his Raum, »«»
tak<- in Account ot\ and to p.ick up in the proper It Mm-
mr, the Ircafurc taken out of the \'n/x ; ami iliel-jqx"-
ti rs Were orilrred to (la'pare pro|>er Rece]>tafles lori'.^-V-
curity : A ci rfaiii Number of Chvu-fe Carrent'ts wm- ';^'•
wile taken inio I'ay, in order to forward the K:pair.. b |
the Beginnir.g of Ntvnnhtr, they lxg:in to tike m I'rtvi

d. tainedon Ihorc by ihc Q'/«t;/'c, he (hould immediately

tlellroy the I'ri/e, out of which all the Treal'ure had Urn fions and Sea-ltores, and lent a great (^iianiiiy of lrop,n
taken, ami procec.l with the ('.(nturion without the Mouth other GootU, on Lv>aid the Ilamng^Un. On tlif 7tli. ''''
ii\ th • Kivcr, and out ol the Re.ieh ot the two Forts, that. Men rt turned that hati been fmt to aflill ihe lln^lund-h
at all l.ver.t , tlie Ship niigh: be life. ami, having reported, th.it they liail brought her intotl*:

Thrfe Fnc.iuiions taken, the Commodore acquainted Chanel, the 1 junch wa« R-nt with a pr<)fHr Crew ct Nkn.
the Capt.tins and '^up.Tcarg.K-s of the J-.nxl'jb, Su-fdijt>, and in order to allill in bringing her u|i. I lie next D-iy, ^^^
Daitfn Ship;,, tlut were in the ! I.irlxiur, of his 1 )erign i
;;n.l tl-.ut he would l)e glad of their Company, to attend
him to his An Jience of ihc Vice-King. Accordingly, on
the 13'thV at Ni.ic in the Morning, ihey came on Iviard his
Ship; and, alxnit Four in the AlteriKKm.thcCi.nimodore,
with Captain Sin,:iiiurf, and Lieutenant v.tn Kepple, with
the Cap;.iii.s .ml Siii>ereargoes, put olF in the Barge, which
was rowed by e:-htcen .Si amen, all cholen Men, and in
new Cloatlis. They were immediately joined by the Boats
of all the Iniiii Shi}ts in the River, the Crew ot tlu;f,>«/«-
rivn ^ivii.i; the Conunodoic tlntc Chuij as he wciU oil.

III wi stv t \.\r kkiiiii 111 VI iliglll^ law* »i|'. «..« /- I

H.uflin^fitld palllil by them, and laiiitcd the Caiturm *!M
21 (luui. and received 19 in Rrnirt:. On the loih, till
completed their Watering, and the rcA ot the Memh»"l
fpent in receiving all forts ot I'rovifions and Sea (lores If ^ I
Camin. On the 2Sth, a molf dreaJtuI ^lrc lm»kc (mtr
the .Su'iurbs ol that City, by wluch T^r^o Hoults were iv: j
fumed •, as were likev/iti: the F.tdtones belonging to: 'I
l>xed(s ami Danes. By the Clole ot the Month, the W.|
I'art of their Stores were on board •, and they lx;;.'n'J|
thiak of ilifpofing.Jl Things fur tiicir Dcp'.rtiiic.

S:.

1 !i' t:

■ J. ■ (

J -it *■ '

f ■ ,/

Chap. I.

CI n R G F A N j; o N, Effj;

3') 9

Afifr rrlitii'p; dt ni;ny Traiifu'lion* in the I'ortot"

f \ I, ',[ IV. V I'lX itilcil, tli.it we llu'iiM iiit..r here into a
' '\u\iT \y liii.tu" of It, t'ut thL- Ut.ultr niiy the \>AV.r

pprciiciii

wii.it wo

liavc' litliviTi'il witl\ relation ru this
\u\.i V : But, tlut w. nuy prJiTvc as ^rcit I'roinijiy as
>,llil.', ai«l 'li." Kcnaril whuh is liuc fi thi- m'ncral Mi-
'. I ,,|'t]iis Work, wc fli.'H i'» n!'mc oiirii Ivtrs at pnlliit t'l
i'k IVovina' ot .';^«."'.? 'ff"Jf . iin^' the fa] iial iluriot'i and
,Mt iiin (iii: "'•■'•' Dflc"! "^!> «'• '^"•''» '" ['.''"'■'.»'> <"■ "' t''p
'('' .,,;• Nation, kiaulc *>-• lliall Iv obli^ -il to tr<vt ihcil;
' ,;.a'.l»rj;. ly in .inothfr I'la. ■■. 'I'hi' I'lovincc uf .';Jtt<;»(X"
, -. y-, 111 til Soutli I'att ui the F.itii in i>\ Chi),,!, ami it
i,ni*i)l till' iiwll Ixauiilul an ' trii.tlul (uiiiitru s ot that no-
ble I'nnnrf. It ii btAin^lni on the Nortli-Iull hy tlic
I'rovincc I't h-ki/n i on t!i-: N'ortli liy that ot Kuuj'/t \
p;, [h- Will hy that of r^nnit^ ./!, ami the kingilom <.t
'f««jt I'"? ■. an-l <iii tv'Ty (ithtr SuIl- hy the Sea. Hitoic
wc li'-'jk <J' 'l^'' "'Vil'ioii "/ this C'liui.try, it is anluhitcly
nf.ll'a'V to oijli-'i've, that thv- CAv'^'yi ilivule each of their
l'iuviin..Mnti)<<rtaii) Dillri.ts, m cacli i.l w'iii.li tin re is a
City ot the riril Onler, viiiuh, in their ( .aniiiiaj^:-, isialh\l
I'm. 'I'iiis Divil'i'iii Iccms to rjlfiiililc that ui' our Killings
i,i Ycrijhirc .' Thvle arj a^ain lub<livkitil into IJirtruHs,
which luvi- cacli ot tht'in a Ciiyof the ic onilOrJer, which
ihiy call •7'<''iO« , ami tlv f.- aj.;ain, vJiieh leeni to relini-
blc our Iliiivirt 's, into Ulllr l^iits, tli^ I Icail oj" which is
aTuwuot' th; thinl Oril.r, calL\l Ly thi.Mi llien \ whiiii
Divirior..". anl'wcr to oir 'I'ythiiigs. In every I'rovii-.co
ihir.'lorc there is a Mctrupoii ., a certain Number ol TiAyns
ol'thclir'.l Oi\!cr, njvial to the Dillri 'is ; ami lb ot' t!ic le-
ixJ and iliiril.

ih: i'ruvinrr of ."^'""'^ /-»? is ilivi.hrvl into Ten /■..'/ ."
Th'. tirft ol wlii'li !•' that which the Eui ■p:.i>:j ca!l Cuii,\ii,
r.,1 wimh the Cliii.;'. v.ritc ^umg tchiOi:-fuii •, wh \h is at
o"icti;e MctiiiiioiiMJi' th-^' I'lovir.re, an.l the IK.il ot r.
Diitri.'t ; in winch tiv.io is one City of the retoiici OrJcr,
nJ fixt^cn Towns of ili„' tJiird : The \\li')K I'tovintc coin-
prrlicniliiig ten Cities of tiic firfl Oitler, a ul cigiity-toiir
Towrwil tir f.toi-.il and thir>l. 'i'he Country is linrly
tiviTfiiicd into Mountains and Nallcyj ■, tin- latter lb fniit-
lii!, tl.4 the) pruilutc two Ciops (.f Cum every Year.
Thac is iK) f ruvincc in 0.ini: that a!v.,umls in riclur Coni-
mcniiii« thin this, in wliith are foun.i Precious Stones of
all Su.: , fiac t'carls, (ijid, Qii; kfiiv.r, Cojukt, Iron,
?!«!, Til, Saltpetrr, .'■"ii;?ar. Silk, l''.lx)ny, ami other ri'. Ii
V.'oods. Th^rc is likw-il't: a procliyiiais (^lantity of all
Sm!!s of fine Fruit, and tlic Sea on itb C0..1I abounds witli a
Variety of fine Fiili, and with Tortoifcs ot' a ^)iiKliiiiuu:. .Si/.e,
of ti'.c .Shells of which the Chmtfe m.ike all Sorts ol I'oys.
Thr fuprcme Governor of this I'roviace, or, as the CbiiafL
all him, 7}m^'-/««, has alio the iVovirce (;f .';J;mh;;^ iiiu'cr
l.ii JiiiifJictioii, .11, 1 t'urJuie Ills orctinary Relidtnie is at
f ■.;i:i.\-, which is tlu- City of this I'rovir.ce nearcll t.'
'■^'■■<'?:Ji\ and he reuvhs there, that he iii.iy attend with tiie
r :' r F.uility to the AlTairs of b^th I'loviiices.

I '.vi City ol Ctmtin, which is one of the richtft and Ix fl
r -;'cdin tlic whole Enviire, Hards on the noble Uivir
'■•i'\ wliicli liks in the i'rovinci nf fZ'.<''"J!-/'> '">'' '''-'^
i.iiiih.' Oiiaa a Kttle 1k!ow tliis City, where it is wiile
"'j'-i^h to admit Shi[is of large Dualcii, iiotwithilindiiig
tV- iiimy Canal'; tha; arc cut from it i.-to the adjacent I'lO-
t--- Tiif Moutii of it, whicli tliJ Cbiiicft c.ill Ilou-nu'it,
;: Gulfi of T)2crs, is coii,m.iiu!c,i by two Forts, that
irf, hoA'cvir, of 1.0 givat Strength •, bnt fcrve well enough
tiuii fend the City, an! the Country a.'.ji.ii.iny, fioni the
Riva-;.sot t!ic C^.Vy:' i'irates, for wiiich tlky are thiel'.y
inicn.lcd.

"h-athc Tartars invaded and conquered China^ t!iis
City nude a noble Def ncc : Tlic Siege lafted for nine
Mor,!!.v, and the Ti.r/drj l<,ft 100,000 Men 1 and it nii:dit
h-^vc hid out much lunger •, t-ir there was a luinieious Ga-
nlon.aiid no Want (,f I'luvifioi.s, the I'ort rmainiiig o[ tn.
•i;.: tai' Ct'.v.vy.' (;i)vtrnor was Itrongly tnLtuied with the
*»■■ ol li'is Ci/untry, Cowardic? and Cunnin:; ; and. ap-
iwiin.ling tlut hii 1 aniily, it the City iliould betaken,
'■•wi.il Y exp;jli.,i to the Fury of thole barbarous F.m nii.s,
p' "■ ':'■'■ •> private Treaty with the larliirs, and molt \\ 1 -
bi^iva.y ojTikd f.\\, Gatvi in the Night, by which the

vmce N
cr t';

Tartars rnt.r.d I lorfe Ar.\ Foot, and fnimt anti iJeftiuyed
every thing without Men j.

'Fit- Walls are pretty liiph towards tf.c Uivcr •, but un
tije 1 all .' id.-, ai the (iiound is hilly, the Wall . arc I twer :
Ttie wh'il.' F'xtent of ihcm is about t.ii or twelve Miles,
l)ut then there are \v,%- Sjiai.s, on the Fall .hhI South
Sides eijiciially, in w.mh there arc only Hardens an.l
Summir h^julls. 'Flare y. a l.irge Uuildinj; ul 'i'linlxr on
the higlull of the little 1 1 ill* to tlje IvalV, "thir ihind* dolb
to the Wall, and bears the Nam; of the />'/ i;'j liaiiquetia^-
I'Qiife : It i, four Mory high, liii)ported vith j',rcat Fir-
Malls, very tin ly p.iiired with W million and Japan, and
gilded, as are .id the Walls a:v.l Cielins.';. within it : From
It m.iy be had a very f lir I'r.ifp.e^l of tlie C ity and Suburbs.
'File Suburbs are ll l.ircie, tli-^t itiim- of them look like
Cities ; h.dl the Ntinilcr of Houlcs built in sir (Jaidtn-
plats would till til. in up, and all otli- r vaiant I'laccs in the
Fown. Th.reai. m-my llatJy Buildings in the City of
Canton, aid above .t diL'.en tiiiiniphal Arclus in feveral
I'ltct . ot the City, ,\\i^ .1 jV'iat Number ot 'Fcmples well
llork'd with Images. 'J'he /.v.Vww Chiiri ii m.ikc. .m haiid-
f >nie Figure, but the iruub Cha|ic! is Uit mean on the"
Outlidi, i\t prel'uit this p.iiMt City is lb divided, tlut it
toniis, ar. it were, ihnv difleunt 'Fovviis, lach ol which is
fiirr(iumK.l wi"!i Walls, with Oat.-;, at prop r Dillaiuts,
and .ill t.ig thir th. y make u Suftel a long Siiu.ire. The
Hoiilis 1 I piivate IVople are but very null I'erei.t •, but the
I'llaien of their Man 'arins are Lirge and bc.uti'.ul, with
fj acious Courts. 'I'heir Streets are very Ion;;, llrair, and
neatly kept. All the 1 loulcstl.at tn nt tow.irvls them, have
Shops, belore whicii tin re Hands a l'cd,ellal, on tlie Fop of
whicii there is a Boar.! p.unttcl or gilt, w,t!i the 'IVadefmanN
N.ime, or Sign, w.th tlie Names (>f two or three ofihepiin-
eipal ComniiMlities in which he deals ; and at the Bottom
•ireg ner.illy tliefe tivo Words, I'oii-bi.i \ which is as much
a', to lay, that this Tradclinaa ne\er cheats ; or, to tranllate
it literally, the liifcription may be thus read, Pcithou, i.e.
A'fl I'run,!. 'J'his ilouble Row of Sign-polb, if we miy
be allowci.1 fo taiiiiliar an F',.x|reirKm, h.is a very good F.t-
fecl on the I've, .aid m.iy be jullly reckoned not only the
chief BcMUty of this FLlc, but of all tlic great Cities in
Cl'ina.

The Streets tA' C<inton are, in the Daytime, continually
rroti.l -'d. IVrlbiis in e.dy Circuir.fl.inci - are carried about
in Cli.iiis i but tlie ord.inary Suit of People, and efpccially
the I'ort ,■;, tor, by the way, there is no other Carriage in
life hti\ iiiit Mens Sliou'dcis, are viTV poorly lirelled, tlieir
l.eg^ an 1 I'lCl ijiiite nake.l, and tlicir 1 Fads unCe'Vcred, if
it be fair Weather ; but, it it be very hot, rlu y have mon-
(Irous large Straw 1 lats, to delend them trom the I Ie.it of
the Su 1. In the Niglir, howevtr, this, like all the other
grcit Cities of Chin,'., is .is llill and nuiet as any of our
Country N'illig: s j whidi is owing to the Stridnels of their
Govtinnitnt, every Street h.ivlng a IJ.iriKr at the End of
it, which is locked every F.venmg, (oon alter the City-
gate - are Unit, l!) that ev. ry bo !y mull take care to lie a:
home in gcxnl Time. 'Fiie Uivtr is covered on both Sides
with an m'inite Numb.rof WlFels ot .dl Sizes, mod of
wlii. h belong to Filliermen, and aie their fole Habitations.
Fvery B.'.rk lodges a F..mily, lbth.it this may beconfidcrcd
as a Kind ui Ikjatiiig 'Fo'.vn. The poor I'co[)le who live
in thefe N'elllF, go out early every. Morning to flili, or to
work in the Kice-fields, whii h, as we be tore obfervcd,
produce two Crops every Year. As to the Number of
l'eo^)Ie in Canton, all Writers agree, that it is very great.
The French MilT.on.irics lay, that it is as large and as po-
pulous as ruris, and then tell us that it contains a Million
of Souls 1 vliivh Accounts, U) I'uch as are Judges of tliele
Matters, do w )t feem to .agree. A Brinjh Subjed has made
another, anel more realbiiable C' mputation, louiidcd on the
Confumption of Rice in that City -, in re Ijiecf to wliich he
ar^',u s thus : 'Fhere are 10,000 IVcuIs ot Rice daily ufed
in Cinton, and it is known by Flxpcrunce, th.it aPiciil of
Rice will lall a Peifon, one with another, thivc Months ; f >
that if this Computation be jull, the Number of People in
the City may be about 900,000 ; and this is certainly a
piodigieius Numb;, (.onlidtring hi^w many great Cities
there .ire in C/.;ii,i.

Tlis

nil

■0 ,11

1
>

3fo

rhc VOYAGES of

Book I.

I:i

lit

The (amr FVrfon wlio nvlrtf elm Com|'uration. informi
Us ihaliht I'roviiui 1)1 r.i«/ii» p.iyi yurly to tli • I''ni|>c-
fur i,Ji)i"i,fi>i() IVitil* <it Kice, ami 20, a o l'eaiU<»l -Salt \
out ol which w li rviil to the Military, who arc tcckoncil
lo,ooo, (on imiilly l»<]'t in the I'miururS I'ay, {J.noo
PccuUot Kiir, ami Kv)oo IViul^ of S.ilt \ tlir rrll 11 loUl
In Marl.cts at the uimtnon I'ri of Hvc M.imtal'ccul \
whiih nuy anioiii : to 4,4(i,cch) layaS \ whitli w apiiro-
priatal tjwarili the I'aymcnt ol tlir Military Kx|Knir,
which may amount to i,ooo,ovi>) ot TayaN yearly. '1 he
turtonii on Mach.imli*e, anil I'ull lucney, amount to
pralnjioin gnat Sums all wliu ii arc gathered aeconliiig
to the Hook ol Rates ami lint to the I rraliiry ot the Pro-
TitKC, lor rii. IJie ol the KmjKtor i whi. h makei the F.m-
ptnir's IVealiiry always full.

CmteH \s the IVirt ot Chiiu, in wliiih not only the Ik ll
Pair ol ilu- hinCi"f,in Irailc i* carruil on, hut that alio Imm
which the il'intfe thcmlllve^ carry on molt of their loreign
'I'rale, which 11 veiy coriluliralk'. In the Month ol"
March thrj lcn<l annually a I'lrrt to C»<htn Q>:na, Lulen
with very rich CjoxN, mollly ot their own Manutadures 4
fVoni whriKc they briny in Return ilitfercnt Airortments ot
G<xkIj, moll ot which thry exix)rt again to Jaf>jH or Btii.t
Via ; tluir Wfllh return towanli tiic latter Knil ol July.
1 1ll ir Ciimmc rcc to Camhya is carried on liy an ann<ial
Fleer, which lails in th.; Month of Jinu.iry. 'Hk Retunii
ihey bfin^ from thence arc Sapan-wixxl, !• kphants 'rrtth,
Lack, ilrtflltl Hiilrs of all Kimij, together with the Skin*
©J buiN, and tiicir IV.whers on them -, as alii) Abuntlance
«)f I)ru(;». From Cmtcn to Tcnjuin is a Voyage of ten
1 Viys or a Fortnight \ they fail in January, ami return in
jfiily : They bring from thence Raw Silk, wtiich is very
g'WKl i MuJirs, whiihisa .Sort of Stul]"mnlc ol the Bark
of Trees i Wrought S.Iks, Calicoes, ami Cinnanion, but
it is not very (hong.

'Ihe .Ship ilellineil for Siam fail about the Middle of
Kc-jfmber •, they ufually fjiend a Month in their I'aflage,
but thty do iii)t return to Canton till towan^s the Fnd of
July, Ihc Com.DOilitits they bring from thence arr moll
cl them exix>rti.d again, cither in grofs, or manufarturcd.
Tluir C(jmmcice y>\i\\Bata~.!d is very extenfivc; the Ship
tnga'^id in ic ufually f.ul in the ileginnmg of the Month
Ct Dtctnhr, and airivc th<re in January; they have Ba-
ta:ta .iga:n in the IWgiiuiing ol JuHf, ami reach Cantm in
tlv Month of Ju'y : The Uillaiue Ixiwcen thrl'c I'orts is
Ukially reckuiiLd 700 leagues. As they pay the Duub
I'ajl- India Company lour p*r C.(nl. for ail they bring in,
and mak.; their Returns almoft uitirely in (ioods thc-y pay
no nuties (jutwarils. I he Gowls tiuy exjxjrt arc ufually,
fine Ciold, Tutcn.igiic, liolil Wire, China, 1 artlun ware
t)t all Soris, < jviicklilviT, Tea ol all Sorts Wrought Silks
of diflcrent Kinds Coinxr, Anifecd, Vermi!ion» Mu(k,
Rhubarb, Borax, (JIals of dirtercnt .Sorts, vail (Quantities
ot Raw .Silks. Tiity bring Iruin thence, in Rtturn, l/rad.
Tin, t'epier, Camohire, I'erlumes, Coral, Mats of dif-
ferent Sorts, Myrrh, Nutmegs, Cloves, Amber, Sugar-
candy, and a vail Qiianiity of Pmgs.

Wi luvc alnady givi n an Account of the g'cit Com-
merce thiy carry on \i\ Japan, and have more tlian once
nuntioneJ their Trade to Manila. This City lies at the
Dillance of two hundred Leagues from Canton, and the
Ciinit Junks {?> tliiih.r in .Manb, ami return in July.
They export almoll ail iheComnxKlitlesand Manufa<5lures
of China thither ; and bring back I'carls, Sapan-wood,
lliii''-, and Silvtr. The Cbmeft fend aiiiuially a great
many Ships to Aihin, or, as they pronounce it in the
hJits, /iti^bfctt : I'jc!) of thefc Ships is manned by five
or fix ILuropfam -, the reft of the Ship's Crew are Moors,
or, as tiiey call thim in the hiim, Lafiar.'. The Sup;-r-
carg'X"., or .Merchants only, are Chtnfft. The Sealijn of
their Sanmg is towards the l.iulof OtloLer, fhat they may
arrive in tisc Ikgiai.ing of Dt.ember M .iiiin, and have
t;:i;c enough to proceed from ilu-nce to the Maltiivei. This
is a very rich Commerce, and care is taken tu allort their
Goo.ls in fuch a manner, as that they may lint the Markets
of .9«rrt/, .-lihin, and \m: MaUtvts. It is t.) Ik.- ohdrvcd,
tiiir, tli.'oughout all the Trade they ( arry on in the India,
the Cbinrj'i inin;.!c hircftan Cuiimvjdiiics with ilak own j

and, wherr ever they tralTuk, they are furc to be r8n!l.|tr.
able (iainers.

As to tlwir Tratii- with the V.uriptani, we HmjI hfrfaVi
lie obliged to l|vak of it very lopioiilly, .md rx,,|,„n ,1^
dilTerrni Ciicumllamvs that have attrndcil it in this hmu-c
At prrlcnt, we lliaii coiuhiile osir Account ul the inlj
of Canlcn, by iblerving, that, lelid.-s ail this lomp
Trmlr, they carry «in a prodigious tomnunc witli i|.
Inhabitants of the different Parts of tluir own l.nipir,, j-i|
this in Icvrral Ways •, for the Inh.il>itants ot th.i'l 1
are exceedingly imliillrious, very ing(ni<ais aii>', wnln;
h.ivc the .Advantage- of working after Attrff/icj^Mudrh; |,',
that chrre is a prodigious (jiiaiitity «,! .ill .Sorts ot Cii!,,
m.uuif.iiliired 111 the City ami Suliutl", .in.i (xjhjIuI ro
Sale in their .M "ps, where they an in ii^lit by tlici,: w^a
com;- troin ot!,, r IVovincrs, to vciiii tiKir own toir.inu^
limes til the burepeans.

The Mcriha;.ts of Canton alii), as thry liavr tlifCin
venience ol ( xi client Water carriagr, not only to /V(ji;»
which is tiie Capital of tlie Fmpire, fnit hkcvs.ir mton^i
of the I'nivinies, freight abundanc.' of fiuH \\\\^\
and Ibme of a confulcrabic Siie, with tluir Lickx!', 4;]
diljxife of them everywhere to great Advant-igr. A1.M la
all this, tlut they carry on a large Comnirrce by .'>Mw;ih
the lllaiul ot llainom, which is lituatrd about nimty
l-eapics to the South- well of the River Canton-, whkh,
bccaut it u lei's known, delerves a more p.irticiilarh-
pianation. The Wonl Hai-nan lignilics in CHnej't the
South of the .Sea, which fhews tin: ."situ-ition of the Coun-
try. 'I his Illand is alviut feveniy I eagiies frnni 1- jft u
Well, and about forty five from Noith to Soiitln the
North I'art of the Illand is a I'lam, for alxa.t fittaii
I.e.igucs from the S'loie ; then the MoimtJins h-gm,
which extend themfclvis into the Southern aid |-alirni
l'.irts. The Cbmtfe are |-K)ircflld only of the Coal! ot t' >
Illand I the interior Fart of the Country King lliH in il-c
Hands of the Natives, who, from the Height cf iliet
Mountain', and the Thicknefs of thtir Fonlls, liaiv hi-
therto ( liraj)ed the Yoke both of the Cbinif,: and Ttrtir:.
That Part of the Country which is iHifTcfTed by the Ctiiuji,
bpleafant and fr«i(ful, but, atccrt.iin .Seafuns tf the Ycir,
is not very wholfome -, and, therefore, though it isalnxf:
the only Place to which Ship can fail at any tiine ct th;
Year, yil they ufually fend their VefTels thither in th:
Month of Noxanifr, laden with the Goods anJ Nkr.u-
fadures of Otnton ; for which they receive in l-jtii'jrg:
fine Gold, of which lliere is Plenty in the iniml, .^lm
WocxI, and other rich Commoilities, whic.'i they vfr.J
throughout all Parf of the F.mpire, and evm exjiort tj
Japan, with large Protit.

On the Whole, therefore, their various Hrarchc^ 0:
Commerce lying c mfidercd, there is nothing incrrdiblc i.i
what our Travellers relate, of there Ix'ing fcliloiii Kls ;m
5000 .Sail ot trading Junks, bcfides fmalier ViIF.Ij, h: c
continually in this Port. The antient Cbintfe l-.inixrr.'i
were extremely jealous of Foreigners, and put tluni ii.idt:
almoll as many Rcllrictioni as the Mor.a-ch ot J^^pd^,
and, before the Tartars had completed tii i^ Conqiifll ol
China, they were likewife in much the fani? Dniolitiu-.
But the late, and the prefcnt Fjn|y-ror, have .xird in qi;.t::
;inot!i( r manner, and have opem d their I'or.'. u! Di/f I'l'l
Amoy to all Nations i but ftill contii.ue to im^xilc li:gi
Duties, ami to put the Alcrclunts under various Kf-
llrictions, conformable to the Genius ot the Chint/cSi-
tion, and the Maxims of thtir Policy. We lannot to-".\
a letter Idea of the Nature of their GoVL-rmmnt, tlin
from the Defcription given cf it, by an Author pTkcllv
acquainted therewith, in a fingic Fine: 'Ihe kmpirt tl
China fays he, is a City of 1200 Leagues in Extent. IW
whu h he meant, that the Whole of this vail Country b ■«
exactly regulated, and the Inhabitants as effriilually r,-
flrained within the Bounds of their Duty, as if the \N .1 -■
was but one City, and under the F'yc ol the lariic .M-^-
giftrates.

But, notwithftanding the vaft Fxtent of the City ot
Canton, and the prodigious Numlxr of its Inhabitaiit>, «f
are not to imagine, tlut it is the only confi^ierable I'l.icc m
the Province ; or tlut llic other Cities, oiid great 'Iu*wi-.

chap. I.

G R O R G K A N S O N, Efff^

^6t

At a Frofil ot tliia, I mull ol>Uivr, tli.ic, uitliin
tuuf I NguM of chin City, tlim- lui tlu' I'own iAio itiun,
tj which, during i^" Troutilci at Canlen, «)C( ifiomii hy
1, Rfvniution in China, ibumiaiicc oJ rrailcliiK n an<l
ManuUrtunn rctircil \ finci- wliiili, it it btcotne Id ion-
fnl„j|,|j I plicr, that it ii no klj tlw\ tlircc Ixa^utt in
CirfumlWtnce » «n.l, in p)int of KitlicJ, I'raJo, ami ivcn
ui the Number of itJ Inhabiunt*. it i» very littir, if it ail,
inltrior lo Csnttn itfclf. 'I'lie otiicr Cititi of the I'rovincc

inii jll il>« a<lH<"''"' Country ii thak-lct with line Viliajjcj i
jiul net the l'iri*l» only, but the Mountains iiid cviry
Siot ol Ijfounil, are laid out ami luittvutril to the Ik ft Ail-
vliitagf. In » Wonl, the Vjtw that is artorilcd to a
ji>;icwus Spcdator, in lading up the Uivcr ol QinloH, ii
futfi irnt to aftbril hiin a competent Iiiu ot the W tjlth of
OiM, imitlieVViUlom of in Cjovernment \ (or, wliirc-
cvcr he cafti h'» tyeJ, new Seems of Iiululhy prclcnt
thtmfcivii to hii View ; every thing is imjjrovcd to the
bell Advantage, and he findi hmifcif abfolutily at a Lofs
todfcule, whither the Fertility bcrtowid by Saturc, or
thcAacHioiij mad" thereto by the labour of tlio Iiilu-
Utants wight moft to be admired. But it is now time to
return to the Hiftory of this Voyage, from wiiicli wc have
niadcaloni;, but, we hope, mit an unplcalant Digrellion.
When wc come in the Iccond Hook, to treat ixprclly, and
at Urge, of this noble I'.mpirc, we (hall ciidiavour to
gratify, in their utin(jll I'xtent, the Fjtp<-tlations railed in
our Readers by this Ihurt Account of (MnloH -, in which,
pcrhapn, wc may have the Adilbncc of the Obfcrv.itioni
maiic by the moil intelligent Perfons concriail in this I'jt-
politKin, who had, to be fure, great Opportunities of
making tlicmielves iHfhctly acquainted with the State of
tht CVuntry, and the Manners of the I'coplc. In the mean
time lit m proceed.

On the 4th of Dftfmier, the Commodorr returned from
Cti»ii»; and, on his Arrival on Inurd his Ship, wasfaluted
ty all the Eurcpcan VelTcls in the I larbour, except the
hmh. The next Day he gave a grand Kiitertainnient to
tkCientlcmcn who had attended him when he hail his
AuJitncciif the Vice-King ; and, having taken a Survey
cl the Ship, the Sea-ftorts, and Provifions, and given his
OrJrrs for completing wliatcver was wanting, he declared
his Kcfulutiun to return home immediately -, and accord-
ingly all the neccfTary Difpoliiions were made tor failing :
Arid, on the 7th, they weighed, with their Prize, and
began lu fait down the Kiver of Canton, in which they had
Liin trom the Middle of the Month ot July.

i4. On the loth, they warjied over the Bar, and fent
their Boats ahead to tow : The fame Alteriiooii, a Suitdijh
homeward-bound Ship, lying there at Anchor, faluted the
Ummixlore with fixtecn Cjuns who returned fifteen. The
Rent Day they palled Lin tin Bar •, and, on the i.-.th, fent
the Pinnace, and tlie third Lieutenant in her, to Mitcao.
Ihenext Day they anchored in the Koad of tlut Place in
five fathom Water, where they cleared the Prize of the
Pu»i!tr, ilry Provifioris, and Water, that was on board
her, and then fold hir to the Periugurje. On the loth in
ineAlti;: ooii they failed trom Aftuao i the next Day tliey
W brilk Gales, with Kain. They now tuund the Ship
i'aky, and that to lutli a Degree, that the Water i;.iined
ItVtn Indus in two 1 lours, which it was jui'ged was
wi'^g to thrir Gun-poiti not being calked. The next
.Mwr.irg they Ipht their Fore fail, and were forced to bend
iiother. On the 1 hti; in the Afteriiuoii, tlic Water i',.iined
confiiierably, and tlie Wcatlur continued very indilfrrent
lorlevttal Days togetlier. On the :.:d, they lell to
kujuliiig, as being then entered the Sea between MaLca
a"'*' the hUnd a\ HorKto, and found fium fixty-four to
Wty-thrcc Fatlium Water. 'I'he two next Days they con-
isiud founiliiig, and had from tliirty-tive to twtnty-tivc
fathom Water.

On the it;th, tliey ha.1 Sight of fume of the Illands on
the .Vk'dij Coaft, and continued fleering t)ir!iugh them
».ii yn\ Danger, as having a narrow Chanel, with Sholes
or. both Shies ; for the IHand of Langoi, winch lies to the
S-;n ol the Strrights ot Simapour, immedi.it.ly under
•• l-quinockial. On the 20th in the MoininR, the ijouthei-

moll of iho Stvtn Bruheri, whlcli .ir- (1) nriny fmall
Illands lying off thi- Coaft of Sumatra, bore V..\\\ .Siuth-
rait, at the Diftance of fix I,c.igiirs : At two th.it After-
noon, they paded the Streights between Siim^iira and Bunca.
'I'he latter 11 a fnull Ifland, atx)ut fifty I ,e.ij;uri in J .ength,
and twenty m Breailth i the moft Southern I'oint of which
lies in the l-atitude of j" Soutli, and is iindoubtrdly ('«
moft conveniently fituated of any Illand in tliule Seas ;
which has made the Dutch often regret their not fixing the
Centre of their MiaH T'railc in fome Place on that IllanJ
rather than at Hiitavia\ becaufe they might eafily have
planted the whole Illand, and have kept it intirely in their
own I lands ( whereas it is impolTible fur them to think of
doing this in the Iflatid of Java,

On the 29tli they entered, and the next Day they pafTcd
through the Streights, between t.hc Illands ot Sumatra
and Borneo \ and had the Illand of l.ucapara, wiiich liei
without the Streights, bearing direfUy South. On thelaft
of Dtctmktr, that Idand bore North-eaft, at about four
Leagues dill ant i and, on the 2d n't January, they anchored
on the Coaft ot Java, ofl' the Highland of Bantam, at
the Uillance of alx>ut forty Miles trom Batavia. T'here
were two l)ut(b Sjiips in the Road, on board of which the
Commodore fent his Pinnace ; and thofe who were uw
board her reported, on their Return, that eight Dutch
Ships, homeward bound, were cxpec'led from Bjtavia,
in order to iiifi the Streights oiSunJa. On the jd, about
fix in the Niorniiig, t'ley weighed, in order to pals through
the Streights 1 and, at four in the Atternoon, fiw Prince's
IJLind, whicii was to be the Rendezvous of the Dutch Fleet,
lying South-weft by South : The next Day :it Noon the
Illand bore Weft, and they fent their Boat on fliore, in
order to lind the Watering-place.

^5. On the 4th, they anchored in forty-five Fathom
Water on the Coaft of Prince's IJlanJ i and, the fame
I'.vening, five Dutch Ships came to an Anchor there, which
were homewaid-bound. While they were getting their
Wood and Water on board, they tirit the Shock of an
Farthcjuake, which lafted about a Minute. The fame
D.iy there arrived two more Dutch Ships from Batavia,
whieh were Pait of thofe that were expected ■, and, on the
7th, there arrived three more. On the 8th, they completed
their Watering, and received fome Cordage from a Dutch
Ship. On tlic 9th in the Morning, they unmoored, and
made .Sail, with live Dutch, tor Europe. On the 15th,
they had Sight of t!ie South-end of Cbrijlmai Ifland.

On the I Sth, they had very bad Weathfir \ by which,
about eight in the Morning, their Main-fail wasfplir, and
blf.wn from the Yard •, and fiom thence, to the 2 2d, they
had hard CJales, d.uk Weather, and much Rain •, b if very
moderate Weather for the next Week. On the 2d of
J'elruary, their Fore-trunil-trees broke. On the 23th, they
had very hard (iaies, and much Ram : About lix in the
livening their Main-fail and Mizen were fplit. On the
28th, the Main and Foretojifail fplit, which they handed ;
and, having mended, fct them u[> again. On the 8th,
they tacked, and flood to the North. On the 5th of
March, they faw tlie Continent of Jfrica, bearing from
North-e.ift to North North weft. On the nth, having
little Wind, and fair Weather, about fix in the Evening,
they faw the I K ad land ol the Caiv of Good Hope, bearing
North North-eafl, diftant about ten Leagues; and, about
Noon the next Day, the Cape was dilhrnt about five
Leagues.

36. On the 1 2th in the Afternoon, they anchored in
Take Bay, at the l>.ltance of fomewhat more than a Mile
from the' Shore. Tluy found riding here the Salisbury,
Captain Burroughs, and the H'arwick, Captain MiJ'ner,
belonging to tlie Eaji- India Company, who faluted them
with eleven Guns each ; they aiifwered them both with
nine : I Icrc were llkewile five Sail of Dutch Ships, whofe
Commodore faluted them with eleven Guns, and they re-
turned nine. At Three in the Atternoon they warped far-
ther into the Bay, and moored with their bcft Bower. At
Six, one of the Dutib Ships failed out : At Ten, tfiey
ftruck the Main and the lore-yarils, it appearing very
likely to be a wit Night. About Midnight, their belt
Bowir Cble broke, with the Halltr that was bent to the
Stream Anchor ; lo that they rode all Night by the Sheet
4 Z Cable.

• '1!"

3^2

7/;^ V O Y A G E S of

BookL

•m

. 1 1

ii •

1 1 1» i»

*i , .

Cabltf. In the Morning tlicy nimk the Top-marts, in or-
der lo git the Fore and Main-top callant Yards ilown,
ami bfg.in to unftrip the Fore marts, in order to fit new
TniiTel-trecs : Sent their empty Calks tor Water in the
fVanvick'i l.onRlxwt-, and, at l-.Kvcii, nceivcd on board j
by the Sdliihury'i &)at, lalli I'rovilions futh .u Beet and
Miiiton, (or the Ship's Company. Ilie Diit>b Commrj-
dorc tired the Moining and tvming Gun •■, and on tlie
1 8th, in the Evening, they reeeivtd on board an Anchor,
3S60 ly Weight, and a C.»ble of nineteen Inches and a halt
about, and 1 10 Fathom long •, ber.t the Cahle to the An-
chor, to make it reaily for L'fe. At I our in the Morning
they w«.i^hetl, and warped m towards tlie Fort, and then
new moored, Iwving tlic tollowing Bearings •, the CalUc
and Town S. \V. and the Body of Pfts"'" ^^^'^ ^- ^^'•
t!ie Water Fort S. W. dift^mt tliree Quarters of a Mile.

On the 14th, the Commodore went alhore in the Barge ;
at his pafilng by the Salislury anil ICanvick, tliey lalut.d
him with eleven (Juns. The next Day they began to un-
rig the Fore-nurt, and ov^r-hale their Rigging, and began
to clear the Hold, that they might git at their Ground-
ticr. On the 1 0th in the Morning, thiy fit up a Tent
forth; I'l'e of the CiH)jvrs on Hiore, and lent their Calk
by the Launch to Ik: trimmed by them. In the Afti rnoon,
two Dkt.b Ships anchored there, which had been five
Months coming Irom Fpiil>(aJ ; and, at Nine, came in and
and anchored the Miirgarft^ Captain T. IIir)St wi.ich had
l<in twvlvc Weeks coming fiom Uclland. Thev fent
the Launch to fed; the bcft Bower Anchor, which the Ca-
ble parted from on Sunday Night lart, the Buoy being funk
or loft, that hook'd t!ie" Cable. Their Carj>cntcr loiind
four Shot holi-s within t;.e 1 jiiing, under tiie Fore-chains,
above the Water, aiid t(X)k abundance of fm.Jl Shot out •,
whicli th.y l>elitvt\i was tire Occafion of the Ship's being
lo kaky at Sea. I his Day iluy lint all their lick People
0:1 lliorc.

On the iSth, Jt three in the Morning, they reciivei!
fnm the Shore, ly two Dutib Boats, eighteen Coils ot
Kopcs, .md a Rimiunt of white Kojic for a I illerrope,
with otlicr Stores. At Noon, they lent a targe Dutch Boat
to wiigh thiir Kft Bower. They brought the Amhor on
Ixj.ird, ma the Cable, b;ing near a whole one. On t!ie
ic^rh in th,- AlttrnDon, they luelcd Ship to the Starlvard,
x>d tiicn llrub'oe,'. it, and paid it witli Tallo'.v and Lime;
then hcilcd the other Way, and Icrubbtd : But the Sta-
brrcze caive in, and caufni i^t gr.'.t a Swell, tint they
could not make an F.nd. The next Day, two Duhb Ships
aiKhored th>ri-, one of which had .ucompanied them from
yjva ; the other was outward-bound, and had I'pent three
Months in coming from Spitbad. On the 2:d, there an-
tlMjiti! aroih'-r Dut.b Ship outward-bound, which had txm
live Monihs in faiiir.g from tiie Ttxd thicher. Tlut l).iy
and the iiLXt, the) Knt their I-auncJi feviral times (or Wa-
ter i but loulil get none, the I'ijks b<ing rtopped : But
tlut Kvd was foon remedied, and the L.iur.ch came off in
the Night, w:th ten Cafks filled; and, in two or thrre
Divs, th.y nude a great (Vogul'i in tluir W.:tering. On
the 2-,th, .1 A'l.J' Ship aiich /rc.l tiierc from ^mjltrdiim.

On the jOili, aiioth.r ai rived. The next Morning,
alioiit fix o'Cloik, tiie Dut,b Comiri'K'.orc flmck his Flag,
and the otiier Dtiub Sinp l.oiiled it ;it the Mizentop-maft,
and, about Icvop, fjlcd for Bat.ivitt. On the 27th, the
Jl'mclfjier iii..!iorc 1 in tlie Bay, and fa!utcd ihim with
eleven Ciiins. .She h.id been tliiiieen Months from Eng!and,
and fix Weeks i.i iicr I'an'jge Irom I'vnambuca on the
the Coafl ot Hrafil, into which Port (lie h.id been oliliged
ti) put, in orvlir to r.j.air fomc Daiiuig- Ihe had rriiived at
.Sea. 1 Jiis n..y, thy received the ConimiKlore's live Stock,
and a Imall (jiioi.tity uf Wine (or his Sea-P.ore. The next
Day, they lent on Ihorc 5^00 Dollars •, and, on the 29th,
rii.ivcd on lx>ard thirteen Cafk^ of ilry I'rovifion. On th'*
.^<nh, the Commodore and Captain iWtt came on bo.ud,
and tlsey b' gar. toprepar' for their Departure, having fjvnt
atHiut three Wk ks at the Caix- -, whii h p/.ve them an Op-
jjortun-.ty ot ejSiftrviiig the mighty Adv.intagrs tlut the
Dutch nuke of that Settkment, which h.id been llighttd
by us.

I hry Wvtc very kindly and h(>fiir.ili!y tre.ited, and had
l-cuvc to pi„\!ult v\hati^tr i.ic;. ur I'iUMlloni tiiey lud

Occafion for. Sucli as live in tl-.is Country h.ire thitigsvcrr
cheap, as wtll as very gowl ; but Strancen ray a p.,.t,.
high Price for Liquors and Provifions, which is ocmfionfj
by the high Duties impofed by the /•>/ Mit Compar.v
T!«s is a thing, of wiiich F.nj>hjhmen aie often a;)i to cum-
plain i but, jjerhaps, without any gnat Rr.tfon' linrc the
Dutcb Eaft India Company have no other Way to inilemnily
themfilves for the gnat F.xpcnce thry are at in the .Sujiport
of this Sittlemenr, which carries on iiitle or no Trv.f (,.
cept thisi ami therefore thiTC is no VNonder, thit'thr*
nuke life of every Metiuxl potTible, in ordrr tn mak; t
turn to their Advantage. The Town at the Cij|ie b ur:t!y
large, confiliing now of 400 Hou(<"s and iipw,ir<ls; .injVit
there arc but liw Publick-houfrs or Places Ijanl^d to idl
Liquors by Ketale. In thete I loiif s Sti.in;jfrs drink the
Cape Wine at alvnit fix Stivers a (^urr, at leal^ onf la!f
of which is paid tor F'xi itV, «nd t.i in iToportMi torn-lw
things 'I'lie Inhabitanrs purch.it'.- Iv,t!i Jmllan m. hurt-
peat! I'oinnKxlitKs at a (heap Kate (rum the Sailor, \',lii.h
they vend .igain, with great Profit, to tlie larnvi > aiul I'lant-
ers, who have no Opixirtunity d m •.kin^^nny fich Bin-imt,
the nrarert of their Plantations bciiij^ twenty Miles Ip'^ ii>t
Sea-co III.

Our I'eople can by no means lie recoi'ri'al to t'le Ihl-
tenlois, but look upon them as the lufcrt and moH b'litil
People in t!ie World-, which is chiefly owing to ihtir ill
Snu-ll, occarumei! by their greaftng themf Ivcj contmuilij :
Yet tins is not a Curtom peculiar to the Htttfntot!, kib
ufed by rr.oft of the Negrws on the Coalt of (;«;»«. It
is true, th.it the larter, generally fpeakin", make nfr (VOI,
which is lets ofienlive ; but, wh-.n they esnnot gvtths,
they, like the Ihilfntots, content themfelvcs witii Ikh
Greafe and Kitchen-ftutF, as they can purchafe from thcfii-
repains who trade with them. This Cu'.Vot likewik vx-
vails in the Kajl Mif.', partirularly on the .Uelniti lead ;
Injt more efpecially in the IHands, ;;s for Inll.nice, u S:i-
natrn, where the N.ttives gre.iff themfelvrt as mne'i, a '
fmell to the full as ftrong, as the Hotlenloth The 7jv.;-
nej'i likcAvif.- ptac\ilc the fiimc thin;^ ; snd Co do the \\-'Y.
ot the PbHippmfs, and of the Spier IlkiiKh , hut tinn (hoy
commonly make ule o( Ctx-oa nut Oil, wlii-h is ia'.m:
iKing liiliigrerablr. In one relptt, howrVfr, thf //«"»
tcts excel them all -, for they are par urulai ly raretiil to r .:<:
am! fmut their l-afs ; which is «• ;at the Indirm ',."/■.: k.
Th'S Ciirtoin of .mointing is not .iltog-t'ier unkn"WMt' i'k
/fmfrutiHj, tho', g;'nirally Ijyrakrng, they rath t afc;
p.iir.fini; die-ir Bodies, [Krhajis from the fjiiie Catili" tut tS;
tlitltntcts and /».//.(« anoint themfelves, in oidrr 'oi'tfrai
their naked Boilies trom th;* IiKlemenry of the Wrat'ff

It is plain theretDte, that, ivin in this reljx'cl, t!;tMr-
ners of the Hctttntots are not mih'h g-ofler, or morf hat-
barons, than thofe of otlier Nations ■, and a nenrer I^fj'rfl"'"
wo.iM have llicwn u-, that, notwithrtand.i:;gtheir (iiitsa'l
their Greafe, thefe poor People .ire endowed with (^ii'ms
rliat would not at all difiredit even the p'lt-ll N.it;f'
For inftance, the //citfntcts are rxceedin[;;ly fincnr ■, M.y
profcfs the utmort Readinefs to affirt liich Smiiigc" -im"'"''
amongrt them, and th-y .in- ncVer known ti Uili'y f i'
lYef^lTions. The llettentct is not M.ifVr of imic'il--;
quince, c'en in hii own Lari^Mje •, hi.t his .t llr:d Rej-''
to the Truth of what he di iiver* in any l.:i"gu.:g", t*"«!"
that of Nature, I mean, by Sgns; which is a Nhttrr ■
great ConfequencT among an uiitaug'it, an^, ass^'J*^!
to call them, a barbarous iVoplr. 'f here w.i> aiiotherli"-- 1
lity extremely conlpiaious v\ the llatnttin, wliich »"■:
to luve ferured them from our t onrempt, r.ml tlut is,i' ■
g.-nerous Love of Libtrty: lljc //ff.'/i-i/ef will rathrrJ .
tiian he a Slave-, ar.d wh-.t e.nii'' a Hcmnn, w'utcuu i-i
.ItheniaH, do more ' I know it may be laul, t'ut t"* ''
ceeds Irom Lj/iiuIs : But 1 cat not allow tliat; ti.rthc/.'
tfnitts will work for the Dat.h lor Subliller.cr, tlK.'ii.!"
Slaves. Thi7 claim a Right ot lu 'k>'U', '^'''" *"'' '**'* "''' 1
is necclTary tor tlinr M..i:iten .nee, and, hwvg Kq""-;
this, they arc content. I do not [>iet H'l to liy, than- ) j
r-afon right a'wut the Neeenirrs (.! Itte: Itidw.'
does » But I fay, th.it they have true Notiotn "I l''';''';|
which (onlills in doing what we think lit ourltlvts, r;-' j
w!iat li iinijoled ujxjn us I y otiieib.

" t.

Chap. I.

EORGE ANSONi Efq;

3«J

There i« yt s '''"■'' Qjiili'y "io(t emin 'nr "m tlie Ilattcn-

iations •, tlie (^ulity I m.an
IlcitUnfols h.ivf Ixrn cai-
nn\ off very yoing, b<Kli by tlie Eit^li/b ami tlic Dutch,
educated in E^wy''. anii aciuftomcii Co our Manners •, ami,
upoi their btlnmarriallwlc, have immciiiatily renounced
1 the Advanfig s tliey ha 1 over their lirctiircn, ami be- fions and naval Stores, which the Commodore had put-

,.,/ for which they hav.'bnMiniu
i;„oi.^y.rcproacliedby«tlKrNat.o
K the Love of their Country.

fterity muft admit, that feme Men arc free from tite In*
feilion , and, while they read in our Annals too many In-
ftanccs of naval Mifcarriages, tliey will be obliged to con-
k{», from the Hillary of this Voyage, that there was one
Man, who, in Ipite of tlic greatttt Difficulties and Uifcou»
ragcmcnts, dtd not niilurry.

On /fpril I, I. they received the reft of the dry Provi-

'a\w m-re Ihttentets again. I'lus app'-ars to us in tl»e
Li^ht of Bnttility j but. let it apjK'ar m what Liglit it wilt,
it iiicws their Ldve oftheir Country, ami oi tlicir Couiitry-
nifn: Ami the liime ArTcaion is moll cviJmt in cv.ry I'art
pt their ConiUiil i for, whin an Hotlen/ot has acquired Fro-
vifionsby his [.abour, lie will fliare them with any Holten-
" wlio is in Want j and no Alteration of Ci.cuinilanccs,
no Change in .Situation, can make an Ihtttntot forget that
he is an HcnenlH, and thiit every Ihltenlot i^ his Brother :

i'A

chafed i and, having reviewed tlidr Store of Water, found
it coniilted of 108 Tons of Wattr ; and that they were, in
every refj^dt, furniflied with what was ncceffary for their
Return to England, the Ship being in a muclvbctterCondt-
ti'jn than when Ihe failed from the River ot'CanltH, the Men
in good Health, and the Slup's Company recruited by fuch
able Seamen, as the Off aTs could meet with at the Cape,
and, in a Word, evei y Precaution ii^ade iife of, that could

, PJ>nibly lontriUjtc towards making the Ktmainder of the

Noble mil generous Sentiments, in fpitc of tluir Grealc and Voyage falc antl caly ; and, every thing beiug thus in Or-
Sheepfkins! _ der, on ^//'►•;/ ^. the Commodore gave Direitions for ikil-

I mull ol'ferve, that their Virtues are as little tontro- ing the next Morning as eady as [XjlTible,
vcrtol as th ir I labit, and therefore I can r.evi r be brought j 7. They began therefore to unmoor alx)ut lour o'Clock,
to think, that People who polTefs them, and arc fu tenacious and at eight they weighed, and turned out of tiie Bay. The
of them, that even tiie Cmverf ition and Kxamplc of the Salisbury, frnrwitik, and mnchejier, faluted them • ach widi
^imo/iMi.' cannot defpiil tlum of thefe Qu.ihties, ou;;ht to eleven Guns -, and they returned nine. 'I"he Dutch Corn-
lie rerrcfei-t-d as almoll on the Level with Hearts. Drunk- modo:e laluteJ, with nine, and had feven returntd. As we
ennifs anil other Vices, with wliich they .ire re])ioached, have often mentioned thefe Salutes, it may not be amifs to
they have ken taught by the EureffaHs ; but who taught obferve, that they are regulated by the Commodore's In-
(liim their Virtues ? or who h.is the Courage, who has the ftructior.s, which dirert, '' That if Merchant-lhips, whether
jjoffl Scnie .ind Juftice, to admire them? Some of the ' " " " "

Dutch Writers h.ive, and have, I am foiry to fay, been
l.iui;hnl at for their I'ains. I would not be thought a Lo-
ver of l',ira,!oxes, or a I'erfon who would pique myfelf on
contraJifting the common Notions of M.inkind : I fliould
notluvc tak'n tlieic I'ains, at lead in this I'luec, to vimli-
catc the Hottentots purely to amufe or entert.iin the Reader ;
but I am led to it from an Hottentot Principle, tlut of I ^»ve
to my Couitry.

This ibliinl, tliis unreafonable Averfion to the Sheci)-
(kins and Greafe, to the untoward Appearance, and uncouth
Manners, of the llattiniots, loft us the valuaL'le Settlement
at rh' Cape. There were many Attempts made by the
hlliU) Eoft Iidia Comjuny to torm a Pl.nitation here ; but
mvain, Thofe who were lent rcp-rted, that the Country
was only fit for Ihttentets ; and tlut tlu re was no living in
it, or with them : Yet we ice at this D.iy, that there is not
a iiner, more fruitful, or more plcallint Ci-untry in tlse
World i and that the Dutch .ire fo far from tlunking a Cot re-
fiwni'cnre with the Uotttnttts inconvenient, that th; y have
all along treated them with Jullice and ginxl Mauner.s.
They purdafid from them the Country which they have
(u'itivateil ; and the King of the Comiany's HotiiMtots is a
free ami independent Prince. It is therefore of great In-
portancc for us to rid ourfelves of thefe narrow and riilii u-
luus Notions, and to eradicate that fooli!h Principle i>f
nykirg thofe I Uimours. which »ve are wife enou<;h to co'i-
(icmn at home, the Standard ol Right and Wrong abroad.
Wf often aflVrt, and I belirve juflly, that the Knowledge,
iMrr.ing, and Lights, of tltc prefen: Age arc fuperior 10
thofrof the p«(l. Ixt us ult theiu then ■, let us tranfmit
the l-'ru.ts of them to Pollerity \ let us exceed, at leall let
usecjual, our AnccllcTS, by lliewing them one Plantation,
bcfiiics CitoHCiiA, the Work of oKr Man's Virtue, killed
innur Tiiiif : J^t us llitw, that our Dilcoverics a<-e nut
confined to Speciilatioi. ■, but tlut we are able to execute,
as well as to talk or write -, la us join the Indurtry, tlie
Aftiviry, the public .Spirit, of the laft Age, to the l.carn-
u'gami Lights ot tl.is \ let us amend our Errors, as well
« ' e' ry them •, and let it lie the Study of thole, who enjoy
IWcr, or who afpiie to it, to convince their Countrymen,
that they havi not'.iing in ' icw, but their Good. W ithuut
ths all our Appluaiion o the Sciences, all our Dileove-
ri", all oiir linprovenjents, will tlo us no Good. We lliall
iv, like the Alhinidns in the Decline ot their Republic, ce-
Ithratrii tor mir Knowledge, and ilefpiled for «)ur Viies:
>V'. Hull livr , j,(,n what w.is tranlmittcd to us by the Care
and Courage (,t ou- loritathcrs, .ind leave to i'odcriiy the
AimiMtion ol (jur Abilities in 1 hcoiy, and Weaknels m
™"«. But, in ihc Miilll Mi their Rctkaions, our I'o-

' Foreigners, or belonging to his Majelly's Subjects, falute
' the Admiral of a Fleet, they fliall be anfwertd by fix Guns
' lef.. VVhtP thry falute any other Flag-flup, they (kUl
' be anfwcied by four Guns lelii -, and, if they falute Men
' of War, they Ihall be aniwered by two Guns lefs. If fe-
' veral Merchants Ships falute in Company, no Return is
' to be made, till ihey have all finilhed, and then by fuch
' a Number of Guns as (hall be thought proper; but, tho'
' the Metcliants Ships fliould anfwcr, there (hall be no fe-
' cond Return. All Salutes are to be made with the Guns
' ol the L'pper-deck.'

By Noon, the Ifland of Penguin bt)re North-eaftby Eaft,
and the Su^nr-haf Soutli-ealt, d;ftant ten Leagues. On
the ;,th, tky began loferve two CJiiarts of Watur a Day to
each of the Ship's Company. On the loth, they excrcifed
their Cjuns and Small-arms ; and, on the nth, they did
the lame. On the iijth, they h.ul Sight of the Itland of
St. tltUnit, be.iriiig Konh-c.;ll, at tin: Diilance of eight
Leai^ues. On the joth, about two in the Morning, they
f.iw a Light, which they took to be a Ship Ihetring Vvtll
by North, iuid therefore made a clear Sl-.ip. On May ^. ia
the Atcernoon, tiicy lioiiled out the Cutter, and llrubbed
the Ship between Wind and Water.

On the 4tli, till y exercil'ed their great Guns and Small-
arms. On the 5th, they fpruiig their Main-top-mift and
TruiVel-irees. On the 6:h, they re[)aired this D.image. On
the I 8:1), the Wind be'ing fair, they hoilled the Cutter, to
drub theSlup. O.i the ; ill, they had a iaigc Swell from
tlie North North-v.'cll ; law abundamv of Weeds tloatmg
on the Sea, of which we have given a tatii.fadory Account
in a former Seflion. On the iuih, abou: tour in the After-
noon, tJieir Foie-lop-foil was carried aw.iy ■, whieh obliged
them to get in their Sprit-lail-yard, and make it |-.rvc for
a Top-lail-yard -, and at the fame time let iheir Fore-top
lor a Spnt-Luiyard. On the jt;th in tiie Morning, they had
a very hard a:'.d hidden Squall of Rain and Wind, whicli
carried awiy their Top-lail-yard, and fpht the Sail 1 upon
whu h they clued up all their Sails.

On the 3 til, they had a great Swell from the North- well,
which fpning the Fuic-top-fail-yard j which obliged tlu in
to unlxnd tiieir Sails, get them down, and double net
the Top fail. On "June 5. they huilled out th.e Cutttr, to
fciub the Ship between \Vind and Warer -, and, on the 0th,
about live ill the Morning, they difcovered a Sail (leering
Noith by Well •, upon which they made a clear Ship, and
g'.ve Cluice. Alx)Ut ten, they came up with her, tired .1
tiun, and (lie brought-to. .'■he j ha-uI .1 hem; watd-loiind
Meichantman from Cape h'are in Sutb Cat olina, l.idi ;i with
Tar and Rulin. The C(>nimodore had lint his Cutter on
bo.u-d,to inquire whether War w.i5 broken out widi biance,

i,
^

3^4

The VOYAGES of

Book I,

M \ sj

1^ , - «

*.'/-

or not i but they were unable to refolve the Qucftion. The
three next Days, they had moderate Gales, and tliick, foggy
Wetther.

38. On Junt ID. the Weithcr was dark and clmuly ;
and, on the nth in the Morning, thry dilcoverfd a Sail to
Windward, fired a (jun, and brought her to. The Com-
modore then ordered his Cutter to be hoifteii out, and fcnt
Ms Third Lieutenant in her, to learn News : She pro veil
to be a Ship bound from Rotttrdam to PhilaJclpkia, witij
200 Palatines on board, who were going to fettle in Pfn-
fylvoMia. They informcil the Lieutenant, that there was a
French War \ ami that the Bnttjb Q<a»(l fwarmcd with
Men of War and Privateers,' both Etiglijb and Frfnd\
At Nine they bent their Cables, hoilled the Launch over
the Side, and laihec! her there.

On the 1 2th, they h.id moderate and cloudy Weather :
About one in the Afternoon, they faw three Sail to the
E. N. E. dillant about five Leagues -, upon which they
made a clear Ship, and ordered every Man and Boy to his
Station ; and thin gave Chare. They came up witli two of
them about Three in the Afternoon ; thefe Veflels came
from Pnblin : They continued to chafe the Third, but they
tackec*, and Hood to the North ; and the Comm<xiore,
finH'ng that he could not come up with her, gave over tlK
C'lafe.

At four the next Morning tluy founded, and had fifry-
tht -c Fathom Water -, at Noon thry had Sight of the / ;-
zarJ, bearing North halt WcH, . t the Dutance of eight
l,eagues. About one of the Clock, they law two Sail, i!i-
ftant about three Leagues, and g.n'c C h.ue, and came up
with them about Ihrec, wlivn tliry proved to Ix: the Saur
mander I'rivatecr, a;ui a Martima Ship, rtic had taken in
Tow. 1 hey confirmed the Intelligence they h.id received
ot a French War. In the tveniiig, the Uxard bore N. W.
and the Start N. E. by K.

On the 14th, in the Morning, they law the Illand (if
PcrtlanJ bearing N. V.. by E. and in the Evening tluy had
Sight of the IJie .-f jyighl : On the 15th, about half .-i
Hour after elrvrn o'clock, they ramc to, and anchored
with their beft Bower, in ten Fathom Water, in London-
Bay : About Four the next Morning they weighed, and
made Sail, and at Ten .irriveil at .SV. He/en' j -, the Crew
being not a liiUe rejoiceil at the Sight ot their native Coun-
try, alter du-y hat' been abfcnt Iroin it near four Years •, in
wtiiLii they had experienced every Kird of Hardrtup, to
whicii tlic Lite ot 1 ;;;iman is expofcd, and having run
thro' a furprifin;; V ricty of Dangers to tlic lafl : For it is
to be rememlxred, tlut they arrived at a Juncture when
Things were in the grtatetl Confuiion, and when the
French had the bell i'art of tlieir Naval Force at Sea, and
(ven iruiling ujKin our Coarts. The Commodore immc-
d.atcly wrote to his Grace the Duke of Xeivcaflie, his Ma-
jelly's Principal Secretary of .Sute, to arqiiamt him v.itli his
iVrrivii, and with the moil material Orcurrences, tiom th<-
Time of his former Dilpateii by Captain Sauniia , which
Letter, or at kail an hxtract from it, was publillud in the
Londcn Gazitie, and orcafu ned as great and gemral Ji>y
throughout the Nation, as can well Ix- imigincd : .And, in
order farther to indulge the I'ltafure ot the IVople, the
'i'.-'-afjre taken in the Acapuho Ship was carried in the
moft public ManiHT throf -h the Streets, in thirty-two
Waggons, to the fwer, 1 fame Manner a.' the Silver

forinerly tak--n by Adniir.il . .. .r, when he burnt the Spa
uijh (lalleons, fu' liecn \ I mull contcis, in my Judgmri.t,
v.ith much better \< .Vm.

:;9. As I oien-d this Set'^tion with a Piece of ancient

Hillory, I lha:l ..pen thele Kemarks with ohfcrving, that,

notwithdaiiding thib Ex|jcdm«n was not attended with l<i

great Succcfs 1:1 tiic South Seas v, was exfier^ted, yet the

Nation in general is very for fron, Ixhevmg, tlut it ouj-ht

to deter as iiom the Ihoiiglits ot inch Fxpclirions for the

future ; fin. e it ai.;)rars plainly, that, if the C-nimodore's

whole SquaJrori hu i ^rot round with liim into the Scutb

Seas, he would :uv ■ been aiiK to have pertonr.ed much

greater Things t itn any of our Com:iianders have hitheit..

done in thofc i'art . Neither is it at all clear, that the .vr<»

ii:.:rdi aic III a Ixct Con. lit, on, tli-ir to.ilt', Ixttir lorn

tied, tiicir (.at;!b,is more numerous, or the Country in any

rtliJtCt UtCcr jiovidcil, i|i.i;i wlun vur Ptivaiccis I'uJ ly.-

merly fo great .'^uccefs tlicre. The .^.it^ting of Awdpinv;
the contrary, fince it was aftually in a wuife (oiuhti,,,/
when taken laft, than when Captain Sbdvocke took it jij
lets capable of making any Refillanre.

If tins Exiiedition had never taken place, wc misJit
have Iwen told, that it was impiadicalile 1 tlut the .v«,;,,.
erds were grown wifcr •, that all their Ports were wrll ii'm.
fied i and that to .ittempt any thing would Ix; only |,,c;.
ficing the Lives of fuch as were employed in tlic I'xicili.
tion. But wo now know the contrary ; that the .Vto.vr,;;
arc aftually as unguarded, and as little apprclu'iirivi: ii
ever •, and, iierhajis, the Fate of this Dndert.ikii'u n-jv
have m.ade them lels lb •, lb that if a new Hrujiait lii'
fame Kind was to be put in Flxecuiion, either at iHiblii , 1
private F.xpence, there teems to be a moral Certaintv, ilu:
ir would fucceed.

The Scheme which Commodore ^Ixfon was lirnt to nf.
cute, was certainly well laid •, and it the two Ship tlut
rcpaflcd the Streights of I.e Maire, ar.il thereby cx' old
theml'elves to greater Dangers, than they couM li.ivi n-,,:
with by continuing tluir Voyage, had either |ii(i>ctJ(l
with the Comm«K!orc, or luid tollnwed hini to the ira-J
oi Juan Fernandez, he would have had Men eni,iinlituli.,\ •
undert.;ken Ibiiuwhat of Confec]uencc either in CMi or l\ri
finrc he would have h.id 900 or loco Men under hi,
Comman 1 : Or, if even the If'ager had joined liiir, Id
mull have had Men fufTicient for the Centurion .iml (iLu-
cefler -, am', confequently, would have Ixcii in a Ixiicr
Condition th. in the Duke ini\ Ducheit were, wIki gii .,!
luch immtnfe Wealth in thef: S<.is. But tlut Ik' w.i,
joined by none ot his S<]u.idron at the I'lace ot Hemkiv.i, ,
except the (llouicjier and the Trial Sloop, is a Thiii^ ilu
never liapix-ncd before ; and will, veiy prob.bly, niv;:
hapjx n again.

As to th, ir HardOiips in tliis PafTigr, wr ought imtio
confulcrthcm as Kcafons futlicient toiletcrus lioni nuk; i;
any .\ttcinp.t on that Side again ; h'caule, in \\v hi;
Place, they may l)c eafily guarded againit, by gi ;ng at i
better Scalbn ot the Year, with fewer Incjiiibraiurs, ai>l
touching at projier Places by tlic Way : And, mtlicnat
Place, we ought to confidcr, tliat the hn.h luvr fr.i
Shi[is thither, by I /rave trom the Coutt ol Sfsm, lin.-,
and, beyofxi (.^udlion, we are a-- able Navipatim .n tl»
tremb: Befider, it we futVer jurlirlvesto Ixr (lili().i;h'i\ll»
the .Accidents that U-fcl this .Squadron, we lluil aliloln! y
lol'e the Knowledge and Pr,adicc ol this N.iviiiatiu;:, k\
Difpair of ever lending a Ship into the South .Scjs ifxr\,
for, if we f.nd no Ships in the time of War, tlnir m
many Kcalons and, winch is more ivrlualive than ly
Ke.iion, there is F.xj)ericnce, to imiuc- our B< li;l, tlu; «:
fliall never tend any Ships at al! -, and, conl'qucTtly, thfrt
is an Find of all Hoj)es, either of Comiiirlh, ornl Dn-
covrrics, on this Side ; that is, on the Side, wlifti- rithrr,
or where Ixjth, M<;ht be made, with j^reaicll Advir.Ui;':
to this Nation.

Yet the Keafonf that formerly made fuch I'mlmikiip

exjxdicnt, dill lubl'.i'l in thrir full I one : The.VpM'.;

del ivc that Wf.dth, which mtkes them, and thcirAilu,

li> formidable in Europe, from hence. It is a iiiuc'i ifi

our Power, .as it ever was, to d'lbefs them lure; andiw

Spirit of av.iiliiig ourfelves, by iliftrefTing <iiir linnurs m

this way, was never ftroiiger tl an it is now. 'Ihtrr is

another Argument that ought to -irrvail with ust<i|rii-

fecutc l'ixpediti(jns ol this Kind, . eiived troin thf Sin^f'^

the Commcxiore met with in Ins l.iit Crui/.e, ll » ' ' "''<"'■

take any IWign in another I'ait of the World, ami Ul in

it, there is :m ImhI, and we niuf^ abi lutely lit (lown»ith

the LoU •, tiut her,-, it we fail in one 'Lice, we nuy Ia-

lecd in another, and on-- rich Pri/.e will i:i<lemiiiiy !"«

Public, :tt lean l..r th<ir Exprn.es i fo a Mill""' l'f'"l'"'

home in Silver, will at .iny time compeiUtc tiir Nat"" '*

the Lofi of two or three Ships •. be. .ml. the I'xpT '' "'

rebuilding them, or at leall the great -ft I', tufi'. l!'" "j

tirely amongfl ourfelves. At all Events, it 1 '"H" "'''•'""

our Ships, nav, an.i our Men too, where''""'''""*? 1^* '"

l>e got, than where n.ithmg n t.i Ik ha I. l)urMciili3«

iK-en dcllroyed, and our Sliips wi;rn out, 11 brviCcs *"'''

not a Shilliiii. ever relultnl to the Public, fut llic Un«

lar.nol b; la;.! ol this. It lias a:tuallv btou.^'t ■'^'•O' '.■""'

bum

Chap. I.

George Anson, Efcji

3<^?

Sum of Money into the KingJom, and has flicwn lis tlie Way
'•■ which we may bring more. , cu ■•

Another Squadron may nncct with the Acapilco Ship in

(he South Seas, or with the Limn Ship, in lu-r PalF-igc to
yM;«/i».' There wants only Care, Dilinrnre, and an . x-
pfrienred Commaniier, V> make a Fart >A the I'.xivmes ot
the War fome this Way out of our I'.nr mies Pockets ; tor,
a< to the Spirit and Courage of tiie Englijh Seamen, they
^^^^^ great as ever they were, and there wants nothing
Kit Aiftiom, that may be attended with proper Kncou-
ragement, to make this evident to the whole World. 1 he
Mf ftnt War was undertaken for the lake of our Trade ;
and our Kate, in the prefent War, I mean onr Fate at Sea,
will drtcrmme the Fate of our I'radc. Wc have been
rxtrrmrly fortunate in making Prizis, both trom th*- Ftencb
■ ind Hfmardi, in the North Seas : There wants nothing to
fomnlete our gooti Fortune, but to be as IlicccfstuI in the

South.

Another Expedition might be, probably would Ix-,
attended with fewer Difficulties •, at ieaft, it is certain, that
It might lie undertaken at a much lels F.xjxnco ; and then,
befide all the Advantages reliiliing to liich private Perlbns
IS become Proprietors, thei-j would this inefliniablc Ad-
vantage accnic to the Public, that we fliouKI once more lave
a Number of able Manners, will .uqiiainted with the Na-
vigation of the South Seas, which wc never tan have by
any other Means.

Heretofore the whole Trade of Europe was in the
fJAnds of the Maiitime Powers -, but, at prefent, not
only the Frmb, but many other Nation:^, are putting in tor
1 Share, as appears by the great Numbt-r o!' ktircpeatt Ships
that RearAdmiral .hfon met with m the Ports of M/ti'o
an) Cm/w, which is a Ciraimftance that delervos to be
attentively conlidrred. This therefore is a Time, ifcvtr
tlure was a Time, th.it wc ought to excrt ourfelves, and
fiiilrtTOur to (Irikeout lomc new Branch of Commerce, into
which our Ncighlx)urs cannot lb readily fill. Hilfory
aftbrdsus no Inftance of a Maritime Power that remained
king at a Stay. If we do rot go forward, wc mull: ncccf-
firily po harkward ; and, as we are rivahd in almoll
fvrry known Branch of Commerce, except that to our own
Prtations, it is not our Intereft only, but a!i! 'jtely ne-
crlTiry to our Safety, to fiip|i<irt and exrciuf tliefe ; and,
it ;t be poflihle, ojirn fbme new Chanel, both for tin:
Bfrcfit ot this Country, and of our I'lantations ; which
rtvrr ran lie done, if we do not eneour-igt long Voyage".,
and the pcrttcfing ourfelves in every kii.d of Navi-
i;ati()n.

B'.:: I woiilv'i not be imderft(K)d to lelTen at all the Mi-
fcric* vA Misfortunes of fur h as were employed in this
Viyagc: Th- cnntr.iry, 1 tliink, indeci!, will appear from
I'lr Hiftory 1 h.ive given of it. All I ende ivour, all I
i:ti at, I', to ronvmrc rhr Umder, rlut the Ditfirnlries
;"d nilnmragnn' nts mer wirh in rhis X'oy.igc, are not
liiTticnt to ground a decifivc Oi'inion by the Few, in Op-
I* ifi'i -n tn the .Sentiment"; of the Many, th.it all .\ttempts
'' thr. Side (honid be .iKsndoned ; and I really think,
ti2t t:r puttip'r tin niTieulfies and nijeoiiragenieiits ot
'li '""'.•w^n'.' CfMiijMiiy in the llron",ell I .iitht", will ferve
'"■' I'Lrpoit nuKJi i)tn(r thrn lellcning or exteiui.itmg
wni.

'■'ir if, after bang ruined by Storms Pileifes, anil
•'■'liii's. thrv laiiridL r.ither SkJetons than Men, on

If lllanil (f Juat Frrn,w,irz ; if, alter tlieii long Criii/.r
"'^ the ,'>mit!i Sus iluir Dillulles c.ime to l.e'..s great
»'^n t'vy tuuk Shcltir in the lll.tnd ot •Ii)n.in ; if the
D;T, 3t -U.iu!!; \v.is atfiniled with many Imuiivenieiicies ;
tticTakin;', t!ie,7rt»///j (;.ilhon k- a Thing .-.Imoll in-
■l', ceinlidcrir.g t!h lip.all Number ot Nhn, and the
'■'■!t;tn thiy wrre in, dui .itiaiked her in the Centvricii ;
' frultiis thty .,neiw.ird>; met with in t'le Kiver of
■ ■•'''■ till 1 LiiMid niii by tlic Con-inv)iK.re in vidting
"Joy, ar.d th(irl;y pimitig lilmfelt it-.to the Hands
I al'eojle.is tilt '(./■.vir'/f, whocouM not biitbedi!-

Wllil

Pro'.irdiiigs, are Lircumllancis that (fill «]i;ite
if to jieriious a Navigation as that

' '^w.v'niiroujTh th. Streighcs of >u:'.', ai-.d thence

' V'-P^'ct <:,o.d llcpf. With htilr or i(. IMi.flimcnr,

'^ "■ ••» that wautal it fo nmth, is llill more aiii.uing ;

and if the bringing home the Ship from thenc-, witlj a
Company compofcd of ib many ditVerem Nation.s, in the
Midlf of a French War, and without the lead Atliftance
from home, Iwell the W.hole into a kind of Miracle;
What does all this prove ? Why, iince all this was, under
God, intirily owing to the Prudence, Moileration, and
wife Coivlii'^t, of the commanding Officer, it certainly
proves, that, if a right Choice be made of Commanders,
there are no Difficulties that may not be overcome -, and,
therefore, this Voyage ought not to dilirourage us at all.

For, I prcfume, that, with the Help of kear- Admiral
yhtfon's FLxample, there are many Olnters who would un-
dertake and execute fuch an Ex[x'dition, to the Honour of
their Country, and to the Advantage of thofe who em-
ployed them, fuppoling them to be employed by private
Perlbns. This is the Vk, the right Ufe, that might be
made of this Fixpedition •, an Expedition dilficult, dan-
gerous, and, in a manner, impradlicable, conlidered m
one Light •, but an F'.x()edition equally glorious and fuc-
celstul, when confidercd in another : An Expedition, that
has demonllrated, to t!i'; whole World, that a Train of
untorefeen ,ind difilfrous Acciilents may he remedied, and
even turned to Advantage, by an liontfl, Ikillul, brave,
expcnenced, and well-meaning Officer : An I'.xpcdition,
which fhews, that there are no Hazards, no Dirticulties,
no Dilfred'is, lapable of deprcfTing the Courage of Englifi
Seamen, iiiuler a proper Comr, .'.nd : An Expedition, that
makes it evident, that Difcontent, Sedition, and Mutiny,
do not arile from the reftlcls Tempers, intractable Difpo-
litions and iiiuuly Behaviour, of f-.ngHjh Sailors, but purely
from the want ot Prudence, right Management, and, m
Ihort, from want of F-Xj L-rience and Capacity in liich as are
intrulted with the Command of them ; An Expedition, in
a Word, that puts it beyond all i^oubt, that i\k Britijh
Nation is, .at this Day, capable of undertaking as great
Things, and ol piriorming them as l"uccelsfull,y as ever
their AnceUors did , and, conlequently, an F.xpedition
that mo(f convince us, and not us only, but all Europe,
that il' our miritime lorce l<e not employed in Under-
t ikings ot riu: molt imixinant N.iture, it is not owing to
the Degeneracy of our Seamen, not ^o be imputed to our
wait of able or daring Commanders, but to feme other
Cauf , which it is not my liulinels, which, indeed, fur-
paH's iiiy ,\lalities, to lind out.

Kut the Nature of my Subjtft, the Thread of this Hi-
ffory of Cirfumnavigitois, the Principles u;x!n which
I hive all along proceeded, renikred k ntcellary tor me to
give ,in Account of this F'xpeditiGii, .:nd fiich an Account
•IS the Reader has received ; In which, with the greateil
Sinivrity, ami with the (trii'tcfl llegird to Truth, I can
aver, that 1 hive rentiircd without Prejudice, and com-
mended from no other Motive than the Delirc of doing
Jtitfice-, have deliver. d all Things as they appc.ired to me,
"ind as I think tlicy ought to apjiear to Pofl'Tity, with-
o-it I'avoiir or .\tlerti»ii, and without the lealt Influence,
( ither of 1 lope, or of F'lir. This I thi.ik neceftiiry to lay,
both for my own Sati'^laction, and for the Int'orination of
the impartial Keader ; the only I'crlbn that I Ihall ever
Ifudy to ple.ife.

.(O. We aix now at the ClolVofthis Chapter, in whtciii
we have cimpleted th.it Hitfory which we projxiled as the
Subjei't: thereof, and to which we gave the Prefermce, as
it is gencr.il, and rcl.ites to the whole Wodd -, and, for
the fame Re lion, the remaining Chapters of this Book
refer to the He.uls mxt In Imijortance ; v:z. the Uileo-
very. Settlement, and Commerce, of the hajl and IFeJt
Ir..i:cs. It IS true, that all the Cnetinvnavijarors did not
propote, and that feveral of them made no Dilcovcrie? •,
bur, notwithlbiiding this ail their Voyages arc of great,
though nor of enual Importance, down to the very lall 4
lor, by comparing M<'g<lUinS, which w.is the firll, witii
Mr. /'ini'un'<, we fhairiiml them diljcr in many lelpcds,
tl'pecialiv in the- Com luHon, th.ii of Mr. ./«/.-«'s btii-.g by
l.ir the longell ol the two. Some of them again took
.1 dilfeitnt Route : As hr iiill.m.i. I.c Maire and
hof^nveiit, who lu vir lan at all into the liipher Latitudes,
I lit i.nled diiecf-lv through the Soi th Seas to the Coa'.t of
Gi'ifi.v, anil thence to th< lOarid of ;7<J'.vj, which is a

iiuiili lliorier Courii
c, V

; than that Iroia C<il'ji,rm>i io the i'hi-

lippiiics :

•i

^66

The VOYAGES of

Book I.

WW. '{

W| I

•Mi

i? ;"

lippines: And from hence it very clrarly appears, tliat the
Fillage to tlie Eajl India by the South Seas is ihorter than
that by the Cape o{ Good Hope -, ot which the Reader will Ik
Cdnvinccii, by confukring the following Particuhin: Cap-
tain tl'oods Rogfvs, in the- Dukf, failed from tlit Coaft of
Irdmd, and doublcil Cape Home in four Months, that is,
from SrpleiMber to Jamarx -, and U Mnire pafli'd from the
Illanrls oi Juan Fernandrz to Nnc Cuiney and the Molucas
in three NJonths •, fo that this Voyage takes up but fevcn in
the Whole: Whereas the Dutch, while the chief of their
Colonics was fixed at Anlmfui, thouglit it a good I'allagt:
thither from HolUind, if iH-rformcd w ten or -levin Months.
It is by comparing thefe Routes, as laid down in the ge-
neral Map of the two Hemifphcres, that wc learn how tar
the World is already difcovered, and how much ot it re-
mains yet to Ix- dikovered ; what we owe to the Spirit and
Indutfry of thole great Men, wiiofe Hiltory wc have re-
corded, and wliat remains yet to cxercife the Spirit and In-
duftry of our own and of fucceetling Times. Wc fee, by
Coni[unng the old World with the new, how many and
how great Counti If $ this Scheme of Ci'-cum-navigation has
actually bmught to Light, .ind that too in a very fliort
iijiacc ; that is, in the Compafs of t-xo hundred and tiventy-
fii'o Tears, which is the Diftancc Ixrtwecn tlie Return ot
'^%<'i'J»'s Ship, andourl.i(l Circumnavigator Anfon. All
ih.u has been diliovered within that Space ot Time lay hid,
not tram the Vulgar only, but from the wilert .ind moll
knowing i'art of Mankind, for live thoulanil five hundred
Vcirs. I'his is the laireft .ind fullell Proof that can be given
of the lm{x>nance of tlicle Voyages, not to this or that
Country, but to the whole human Sjxrcies.

Wc may likcwtlc obfcrve, that the Attempts th.it have
been made to dilcover a North-calf and a North-wtiV I'af-
(;ige are, in cfFeift, no other than Attempts to dilcover a
new Route of furroum'.ing the Globe, either of thofc Paf-
iagrs .infwering the tame F.nd as that by the Way ot Cape
Home, the very Prcliab-'ity of any fuch Parages depending
on there being fuch a PalTage already difcovered towards the
South \ and, without doubt, if ever any liKh Panhgcj
Ibould be toiind out, they would ojjen a new Field ot Dif-
covery, and new Chanels of Traile, exceedingly conveni-
ent tor the trading Nations in the North of Europe.

It is for this Reat'oii, that, as Sir IVilham Mon/cn long
ago obfei veil, tlie Spantards have always been extremely
jealous of th'.ir finding out luch PaiTages, lx:caufe the Na-
vigation tha: •.vuuld Ik < lUblirticd by iluiii, murt Ix; fatal
to their F.iiipife in .bncrua, or to their PollilV^ons in the
the J-.aJl Indifs : For, it there fliould lie .i I'adage found into
i.he South Seas by the North-wert, it would artord a very
Ihort and cufy Cut to our Squadrons into the very 1 Icart of
the mod valuable ot their PolVelTions in AVr.'Z' /btitriai, I
mean tlie Kingdom of A'l-a' Mt.\i(o, whicli miglit be then
attacked both by Land ami Sea. On the other hand, if a
I'aflj^e lliaild I vrr lie tound to the North call, it is w\\)oi-
I'ible ttity fliouli! long continue Mailers of the Philippines.
h is trii:-, that viry great, anil, as they are now thought,
irnurmoiiiiiable Dificultics have been meallircd in attempt-
ing Circum-navig.itions by cither ot thole Pallages -, bur,
when it is eoiifulcreil, that the Pallage to the South was
lor fo many Ages concealed, difcovered at lall with to much
Difficulty, and fu tew Voyages made thereby, as thi, Ciiap-
tcr fticws there have been, tiicrc teem to be no iull ( irountis
for concliuiiiig, tlut no luch Paflage ever w;l| be tound,
ffixrcia"-/ if it Ix: .;onfuteicd, that it is not now the Iiurrclf
ot the >piinuirds o.'ily, but ol fome other Nations, to pre-
vent the OilLuvery of luch I'aflages, ai far a^ it lies in iheir
Power.

tiut at the fame time wc ought to relief, tkit the Huf
an ', i>j.edes, and Dane:, who tormerly taincd on htt';- or
DO Travle, are, at prelcnt, txceciJingly bent on extenOing
their Commcrc,-, and have each ot t he :n an Intirel't in dif-
covering fuch Paliages, il any fuch there be : 'I, I lay, wc
retlecl \i\\>[\ this, it is imixjiliblc lor us to imagint, that
thf? IS left HojK' at prelent, rhaii there v.as lormrrlv, ot
liiccceding ill loiuc Iw.h Attempt. 1 h.s, il cvtr i: l!u>uld
b" brougiit aUjut, would ufii.rd Room tor a new liillory
«il Circuin-navigators, as ufcful ar.tl as curious, as that d* h
wred in this Clupttr. But even thii Dilcovt ; v, inlfead o!
tlimiiiJhiinj, would add to, the Olory and Reputation ol

thofc great Men, of wham we have been fpeaking- l^Qufe
they mult be Ifill regarded as thofc who firll led th^ \\^^
who firft Ihewed fuch a Pallage round the Globe to Ix ly'
Able and pradicable, tho' by another Courfe, I'his is wL
in Jullice, Polfcrity muft acknowledge, even if it flmujj
fo fall out, that, by the Facility or Conveniency ot thofc
new-found Pallages, the Navigation by Cape Ikmt Ihould
hereafter fall into Difufc.

It is from thefe lUijK-ndoHS Voyages, that not only the
greatcft Uifcovcrics have been made in general Gcngraphy
but from which alh future Difcoveries mult be cxpccttj '
and therefore this ought to lie conlidered as one ot the
ftrongell Arguments tor enforcing and encouraging \oy.
ages. It was from their lic'ng coniined to Ihort Trilby
Sea, I mean in jioint of Space, thougl-, from their Want
of Skill, the Antients mailc them long enough in iwrtu
Time, that they tell into thole grols Errors, which wcc
I'll unworthy ol their Science and Penetrajioii in otiicr re-
Ijx-Cls ; fothat it may be well alTumcd, that if wc com-
pare what is now known, /ith what the greatcll Mm hil
bctorc dcfcnbed, wc rtiall find more than a new \Vo:L|
has Ix-en, in two Centuries, dilcovered : Hy which Diicu-
very liich capital Truths have been fct in lo dear a LgLt,
as to make even the common People wifer tlun the iiiwl
Learned in former Ages.

For Inllance, almoll everyone has right Notions now of
the tnie Figure and Magnitude of the Farrh, whereas thtri:
was a time when lioth were unknown to fuch a Dignc,
that the Belief of the Antipodes was accounted and punuh.d
as .in Hcrefy. Every one then conc' ' his own Cour.try
to Ik the Middle of the Plajn of t. ..th, and that the
utmolf Limits of it, which touched the Vault of Heaven,
were the Sea, into which the Sun, Moon, and Stars, ^lc|i:lTl^
cil, when they fct ; and out of which they aftended agiin.
when they role -, and hence it was, tiiat the utiiicll i-v-
tent of I..and leemcd to be no more than what an a:t;vs
and vigorous Conqueror might, in a little time, be ab;i:
to ovef-run and vanquiHi. How wild and i J. :uloia li)-
cver this may feem, it was, however, the Prinii])le upo.i
which ail great 1 lerocs aCtcd : As tor Inllance, //.'«.;«ir
imagined he had penetrated to the utmoll Bounds ol the
F.arth, when he had but touched the Borders of the /':J ,' ;•
He fanficd, from liimc Circumftances relating to thi Rivt:
Indus, which refembled thole of the A'//ir, that h. liaik,u:J
the Source of that River in the Indies ; and adiiaily tui^J
out a Fleet on the Indus, which he faufitd might l.jv;
jToceedcsl to FgypI ; and when he liifcovcrul hisFrrori;
this relpect, by his Fleet's falling into the I'r/iM M.;'..,
he tell into .uiothcr and iliU greater Error ; which »a>,
that all mull be Sea beyi^nd -, and tliat, cuntequcntly, i.-
had re.iihed the very Limits of the World. As wikani
knowing a People as the Romans were, they Icll intotii:
fame Flrror, with relJHCt to the A'crlhein Omn , ami tw-
lied that lieyoiul the Extremity ot Stctljnd lay thatbuund-
klii Sta, which terminated the World.

Tlielc were the Conleiiueiices ol Uitig confined to llioit
and limited .Navigations i and, though it is limply impt-
fiblc, that Mar.kiiul fliould ever tall into ihc latin hr-
rors again, yet it is highly prob.ible, tha: if this know
Route of Ciicum-navigation lx' not trequriitly piirluca, nJ
all .Attempts for fimiing new Route:; llioukl cafe, wclhall
.igain reiaplc into Errors of as dark and dangerous j>i-
tore. As it is, we have, (rom thefe l^ifcovenes that iuv;
bccii already matie, a much nobler, .is well a« a ni.idi
wider FicM ojxT.ed lor the Exereile of enteri r.lli g >FIS
and though there are now no I lopes left fur any Cc:-.qiicror,
how daring, liow ambitious, how {Hitent loever, to iwkc
hi mlclf .Mailer of he whole lilolie, whidi, perliajSi^is w
liuall Beneiit to Mankind -. yet we have belter, and .more
( It vatcd i lojiis, of dilcovt ring and 1^ :tling a Cor.iliW.i'-
cii.e with tvrry Part of the iMiivafe •, a .Sclicinc iMC
extenfive, as well as inoT rational, at the fanu i.nir t ut it
i:, as conducive to the general (imxl ot the huni.ui ^l"^" 'j
as the other w-s to their Mifery. I'hi^ is a Point tlui I
once or twice toi'chcd bdore, refervmg, liowc"^''' ' '
more lull Expl.ii.ation of it lor thel-oiKluliui otthisli:!''-
ly. AiKito-ill this, tiiat, tromCucum-navigatior.son.y. '■■«
laiiexpea thi .liiljhitc Solution of thole great UifW-!-^
tiiat )'.t remans m the Science ot Navigation i '*■'

chap.

George Anson, Efq:

3^1

f ii ,i' ^is tlic Vaii.itlon of the Needle, the pcrfeft Know-

hol'the l.(in;^itmle, and the cxjft Dcfcription of the

n,"lorniofthfK.irihv lor, though we know with Cer-

.:, IV that it is Iphtiical or globular, yet it is no lets cer-

'tlnt'wi' iunv not asyct a dear, diftindl, anddemon-

Ii''",\. Notion of its true l-'orm i though there are flrong

utjli.rs to believe, that, what Sir ffaac Nnvton advanced

, tills Suhiit-'K i'' the Trutli, or, at Icaft, very near tlie

i'viiii What has been hitherto advanced with relpert

to till' Variation of the Nee.ilc, and the Caufcs thereof,

--■vlirf, from KxiKricnee, very uncertain and unfatisfaftory.

i' ' tr.m Obfcrvatiup.s already made, any probable Sylfcm

llnilJ Ih: hcrealtiT furmnl, the Trutii of tlicm can be

their I'"allho(Kl liilly detefted, by fuch

tftaMillicJ, or

Vovai'is only. It wc do not keep up, and even extend,
ihi' Kmiwlcilge we iiavc of the Countries about the South
pii'r, ,l^ veil as of thofe about tlie North, wc can never
l-,p\ir ixptcl to (omc at Truth, either in regard to tiiis
,i M the I .ongitude 1 which, notwithllanding what fume
;wt Mathematicians have peremptorily dctermincil, may
luv: a nearer Relation to cacii other, than we can imagine.

I know it may be lai^i, that all thole Things, and parti-
a.liriv il'.eligiireof the (ilolx, upon whicii, perhaps, they
:ri a.i lo.iniieil, arc to fuch a IJegrcc certain, as to fervc the
Lfi'; of Navigation, fo tar as the Accuratenefs of that Art is
Hti> rro (iradilcd i hut yet, if that Art may be carried to
i niieii hi-'her Degree of IVrfedlion, as in the Opinion of
\'x littell Jmiges it certainly may, by the I'rok eution of llich
Inq'iirics as have been mcniioned, why Ihould thsy not be
;:ril'.c'.)tc\l, or why fliould we cither decline or circum-
.jiix tliatM^d ^d by wiiich alone they can be profecuted
:■) Advantage ? It is certain, that, befules the I'oints al-
rwilytoiiehrt!, there arc many others, which we are con-
L\v. to bclioVe certain, though fome Doubts have been
n-.ov,J about their,, not without great Appearance ot
KeaVjii: And, as I am now taking my L.eave of Things
o: thii Nature, I will take the Lilicrty of mentioning one.
It li I'lippoi'cd, tlut, the l.ongitude and Latitude of Places
bi;:g once certainly and accurately determined, they can
r.v;r alter, whatever Variation or Deviation may happen
M tlic cckrtial Bodies. Yet this has not only bern doubted,
lu: t'x viry contrary ot it has been aflerted, firll by the
i.n'.a\i<. Joppb ,''Vd//^iT, in the Year i6iu ; and alterwards
I (ya io.inicd I'rmbmaii, Mr. Peter Pettit, who wrote an
txprcis Trcatife upon it, atfirming, that, after a. certain
1 i::ii'., till I., ititiiilc and Longitude ot I'l.iccso'; the Surface ol
1 1 ; I .mil have a feiifijilt- Change : Ami, u> conhrm this, he
l.iui.mpartil nianyOiifcrvatiDiis, recor.ied by tlie Antients,
it the Latitude ot Itrveral I'laces, par'icularly Paris anu
Ar3it',i*itli modern Obfervationsof the L.!titude oi the lam .■
ilarc;-, |rom whence it appears, that then, .sre very col-
li;; rank' Differences Ix'tween them ; wh.icli DifFcrepces lie
|sl.!:lvs to t!ie Variation of the I'oles of the Laitli. It is
vrycfitaiii, that I'uch DitVereii.es there are, and linalkT
l"''irincis hetwcen the Ohlf/ations of nxKlern Trave!-
1 ;*' , but i pretend not to deti rmiiie, whether they are
t.uso^cafiiined. Suili^er indeed fays, that, after a certain
t.::.;, the I'oiitions of Dials will alter, .md Ixcome lalK,
U>ii [I'l.y Ind liirn renvivid, and pl.icrtl in a wrong Lii-
Bm, it all tins Ihould Ix true, I am very feiilil:!',
|i-;:'ic reljKvtivc I'.ilition and DilKince ot' I'l.ieos tow,n\ls
t* HJthiT would llill remain the lame, and the Ddcnption
Oi r:a.\s on the aititicial (ilolx- remam true and unaltered,
I to igh new Meridians, and new I'ar.dlels, might Ix' drawn
j<|'-rthcni. I only mention this, to Ihew, that there arc
li.l many Things to U- inquired into-, and that, though
h"* Ur exceed the ;\iiticnts yet we have not earned Navi-
p-w, citlier tu its iitmoll l)i-giec of I'erteetivjn, or even
li't:;jt Degree of IVitlctiotC of which, from lormer
■ wirics, i: .np[K-.ir<.<ap.il)le nl being carried : And
".me.enee I infer the Necellity of puifuing long Voyages,
Y" iJi ptrfilling, ill ouler to laither Dilcoven- s in that

l-t It may b( deinaiuleil. Wlio i'^ it that you c "^Kjle ?

"!■' i.a. written .i,;aiiiil hiag \ oy.iges ' Who has vndci-
h" wd to hiautr, or cipiim<"erik-' tlwm ? Or why do you
H^-" l>. muili I'ains to elbblid ?. Thing, that nobody Ii.i5

iWuv.Ttni > Sueh Qiiellions as th-.-le are common, in the

i BWvtcra W

ay ol

Kcatoning

and tliis IS called lioldir.g a

Man to a Point, to whicii if he cannot give an Anlwcr, he
is immediately condemned as unrcafonatlc and chimerical.
Now I very readily own, that I know of none who have
oppofcd what I labour to cftablifli. But if the Reader will
weigh what is laid down in the Remarks on the lafl Sedtion,
and will rtrieit on what I have there faid, as to the Impedi-
ments that Hand in the Way of difcovering the Southern
Continent, he cannot be at a Lofs for the Keafons that in-
duced me to labour this Point with fo great Diligence ; be-
caulc he cannot but pe.-ceive, that we are circumfcribed on
every Side by the highell Authority-, infomuch that, except
in Time of War, and by Ships of War, there is no make-
ing any Difcovcries, unlefs under the Diredion of certain
Perfons, who have an Intereft in avoiding, and even in pre-
venting, Difcovcries. I might carry my Obfervations on
this I le.id a great deal farther j but, as 1 have already car-
ried them far enough to juftify my Condudt in this refpedl:,
I am content to fay no more of it.

But there is one Thing, that, bcfoi.' I conclude this
Chapter, it is requifite that I fhould fuggeft to the Re.ider ;
and it is this -, 'I'hat we can only circumfcribe ourfelves.
Other Nations will, and, indeed, have a Right to take what
Liberties they pleaie ; fo that there is juft Rcafon to fear,
that if we go on in this Method, or if we do not very
f(X)n alter it, we Ih.dl fee that Sjiirit of Difcovery, that Ge-
nius for Commerce, and that Skill in Navigation, for which
we have Ix'cn, and .:re yet fliinous, transferred elfevvhere ;
for though we may limit the Inclinations, and damp the De-
fires ot our own People, yet we have no Power over Fo-
reigners, mucli lefs over the Defignsof Providence. An
Inltance will make this evident beyond Contradiction : We
have taken all imaginable Pains, to fecure to ourfelves the
Trade of the Eajl-Indies, by Laws made in favour of the
F.tiji- India Company : The SkcJcs and Vanes, however,
trade freely within the Limits of that Company, by whicii
they not only fupply themldves and their Neighbours with
Indian Commodities, but hkewife fome of our nearell
Neighbours, and even the Inhabitants of the Northera
Part of our Idand. But, perhaps, if other Meafures had
been taken, tnis Mifchief might have been prevented.

In oriler to monopolize Trade, we mulUcaveitfree: This
niay feem a Par.idox, if not a Contradiction •, but Realbn and
Experience Ihew us, tiiat it is a Truth, Where-ever Trade
and Navigation are encouragtil, they will protper ■, wherc-
cver they meet with Rellrictions, they will remove, or die. If
we would embrace the Tr.ide ot the World, we mull en-
coiar.ige Trade more than any other Nation in the World ;
if we would maint.iin and increale our Maritime, Power,
we mull extend our Difcovcries, in order to make way for
that Increale. It is a Maxim infilled upon by fome Poli-
tical Writer;, and, I believe, they are not in the \>'rong,
VIZ. That a Nation may gain by Tr.ide, though the Per-
iods concernetl in that Tr.ule are Lol'ers : But I'.ow long
c.in this lall .' Ii we to manage Matters, that a gre.u Num-
ber of Merchants over-trade themfclves, or, to exprtf^ it
\slth greater Propriety, are lillappointcd in their Expecla-
tions tr<jn\ Tr.ule, tlie natural Conllquence is, that they
will, or rather mull, decline Trade, which will ruin our
.\a\ igation.

Hut, if new nil'coverles coukl be m.ide, new Clianeii
Would be opened, new I''.x)vdt.itions raited ; and this po!i-
iiuil Max 111 wiAild be veiilied in its utinoll Lxteiit ; tor
tiio' fuch private Perfons as miglit firll engage in the'"; new
I'ratles, liiight jiollibly be no Ciaineri by them, yet the
N.inon would •, lor, in time, thole Trades mull" be elhi-
blillivd, and the Number of Shipping requifite to cairy them
on wcjuld bo plainly a ri..-w Acquili;ion to our n.aritiiv.e
Lorce. I ' , (iw ot no Mctlujd more likely to revive and
rellore fui!i a Ditpolition aniongll us, than this ol recording
the l.xploi's ot eminent Seamen, that the prelent .Age, .uid
Polleritj', in.iy h.ive before their Lyes Lxamples of thofe
lluning \iitues, which ilemand not only their A[)i-l.iule,
but rli-ir Imitation ; N'irtues wlileli ii,i\'e not only ra.led the
Maritime Powers to that Height ot drandeur, which they
en;oy at prefeiir, but have been likewile ot tiich e;n;nent
Service to the whole R.ice of Mankicd, by extending and
pionuiting the moll ufeful Kinds of Knowledge, and by
contributing to pohlh u.ul civilize the mod dillant anvi bar-
barous Nations, uniting thereby in friendly CoirelpondtncJ

fucU

111

■\i

^6%

ne VOYAGES of

Book I,

}'•>!

¥ S

(lich as art fevfrnl by Sitiutlon, and thfirby fpreading the
Ikams of Knowledgf, whcre-cvcr the Sun fpriads his.
Thefe arc things fo ccrtiiii, and (o apiuunt, that it is im-
pofTiblc they iTiould adruit of any Pilpiitc ; or that any Man
fliould have his Country's Intercll fo littlf at Heart, as not
to wifti, that tiiey were daily and hourly inculcated, in or-
der to wear off thut Ruft, which, for half an Age part, lus
been growing u])on us.

But tlio' many of thefc Remarks arc obvious enough, and
notwii'ilfanding our firft Collcftors «)t Voyages, iuth as
Hackluit and Purchas, took care to infcrt the Hiftory of
Circuni-navigators down to their own Times in their Works,
yet our modern Colkftors have totally omittcii this i or clfe
jnferteil fuch Voyages promifaioully, and thereby dtftroyed
that Connexion, wnich is abfolutcly neccflary for their being
throughly unut rftotxl. Some foreign Writers, indeed, li.avc
given us Lifts of Circum-navigators, and intimated the Ufc-
fulnels of a gcieral Hirtory of thcni •, and the Reafon, as I
conceive, that this Proitd was by them never carrietl -nto
F-xetiition, is tliis, that inoft of thofe ^'oyagc^s were EngHJb-
men, and confrqucntly it w.is not fo e.ify for them to give the
Hiftory of their Frocecdinyr, very lew of thci' Jc. -nals
having been uanilarcd. It was from a juft Scnfc of dm.

that I thou^iit it neccflary to open our CoIIclIioti, bv b
plying fo great a DefcA, and giving a ngular Hift;,,yff
ail the Voyages that h.ive been underukcn, ot tliiski,y '
all Countries, and in all Ages, interfuerfed with futhut)!'
N'oyages, as fcemed to be naturally bupplemtnts to tlicf'
and necefTiry to be read with them, «o complttc the D f
coverics that are mentioned in them.

41. In order to render the Whole as pcrfrd aj \^-^^t
Able, ami to give the Re r anOpportunity of rcvio^™
at once this Series ot Voyages, in the Order uf Trac I
which they were maile, I thought it would be ptoixi tucop..
elude this Cluptcr with the following Table, which ixhibii
at once, and in the narrowtft Compafs poffibie, thcij.ini.
|wl Contents of this whole Chapter •, from wlicncc it i^
pears, that there have been but hfteen Circum navi^atwj
l»erformed. Of thefe the firft was by a Spanijh Crew un-
der the Direftionof ar^r/^firc/^i five have been uiidcmlcm
by the Dutch ; anil the other nine have been peribrmcii by
Englijhmtn : And of thefc Captain IfWiam Dnifttr and
Captain Jelm Qifptrton went each of tht m twice round ik
W'orld I which js, I think, what no other Country his 10
boall.

A Complete Table of all tbe Circum-navigaton, the Port (from wlicb they failed, the Data ef their refp<cl'n

J'cyages, and their Returns.

rtfi,e it")

I. FfrJinanJ MagelLvi,
II. Sir Francis Drake,

III. Svcrhm.' '.brffr,

IV. Oliver vi^r Ky./i,
V . George A/ '/* "gtf:.,

VI. WiUiam S !►, .-."« *,ii Jt>:

Maire,
VII. The Nal Fuef,
VIII. Captain Covjiey,
IX. Captain M^tlliam Eamtirr,

X. Captain jDflw^rVr aid Mr. Fun "i

nel, I

XI. Captains Rogers and Courtney,
XII. C»i>mn John Qipperton,

XIII. Captain George Shtlvccke,

XIV. Commociorr Rtggeuein,
XV. George Anjcn, hfqi

(mm Snille \n Spain, Aug. to. 15 19. returned

^tjtn Pfymmitb Sound, Dec. ^o. 1577. rcnimed

'om Plymouth, July 1$. 1586. returned

fTGtnGceret, Sept. 13. 1598. returned

from the TVxf/, //«f. 8. 1614, returned

from the Tinrr/, 7<'*< 24. 1615. returned

■nxhtGoeree, /Ipril 'i<). 1623. returned
from Jchamade'xn yirginia,Aig.ii.i6%i. returned

from /fcbamack, .'fug. 28. 16S3. returned

from the Dfwns, jlug. 9. 1703. returned

from Srijtol, June 15. 1708. returned

fmm Plmcuib, Feh. 15. 17 19. returned

from Plymouth, Feb. 15. 1719. returned

from th..* Texel, July 17. 1721. returned

{mm St. Helens, Sept. li. 1740. returned

Sept. 8. 152?,
Sept. 16. 1586.
Sept. 9. 1583.
yfug. 26. j6oi.
July I. 1617. ^

July I. 161 7.

January 21. 1626.
Oilober 12. 1686.
September i6. 1691,

^guji 1706.

October I. 1 71 1.
June 1721.
.lugujl I. 1722.
July II. 1723.
June IS- 1744-

p M.

CHAP.

mk-^y

^nCM-

«ar-

.*-

„ C H A P T E R II. . . .V

Comprehending the Discovrry, Skttlkment, and Com-
merce of the EAST-INDIES,

• n

. S E C T I O N I.

\n Account of the Nature and Imi>ortancp, of this Dcfign, with a Regular Plan of

this Part of the Work.

^t'i:c Cofihufncfs Hi ivell (U Curioftty of tk' SiihjciJ, htis occtijioned ti MultitiiJf of Dooki upon it. j. Td
unc ii'no complete Syjiem hitherto puhlijhcd. 3. Ihe Dijicultiei that oaur, with njbeit to the Credit due
ti the Antietiti. 4. The like, or greater, Dijficultiei met -with :n the IVrititigs of tie Moderns, f . 7i>e
hUkrtiiii from lahicb this It'ork is to In- eolletted. 6. I're/i/iii/iiiry Con/idenitions. 7. 7he Manner in
rj'ich thciintient Hijlory oj the Indies liHI h treated, to the Time of the Romans. 8, // is propofed to
^ki a Summary tj -what thebeji Greek and Latin Authors have left us en this Head. 9. A diJiinSt Account
'^illncst follow; of the Atterationt to which this Commerct has heen fiihjetK 10. The Ri/e, Prognfs, and
Dnhnfion, of the Pottugude Empire inibe InA'X'^ ivill be confderid, 11. The Expeditions, Settlement,
and prcfcnt State, of //jc Englidi FaStories to be ft in a clear Light. M, As aljo the Poicer and Oeco-
n-Mf of the Dutch Ead-lndh Company, and the Dijputes lic I axe formerly had latb the Dutch in thefe
farti. I J. The Origin, Alterations, and prefent State, of the Frcncli E.ill-Iin.iia Ccii.p.iny explained.

\^. And an Account given 0/" //v Ortcnd, Swcililli, and lXm'i(\\ Companies, 15. The li'Lole to
duiedicitbOhfervations on the Conjequence of the Eall-Iiidiu Trade to EiirDjx: in i'eneral.

con-

IHEUF. an- few Suli'icft'; more i;iflniftivc,
or moic entertaining, th.in that ot" the ( lilbi-
ry ot the Indies, or wiii( h liavo cxcrrifcd the
Pens (if more alilt- Men. 'i o l".iy t!ic
Triitli, then' is fomrthiin; in it capable of
f.;nai::ing every (icniiii. Siirh as are loud uf Antiqnitii',
hi.l .•in Op|'K)rtuniry atVoniitl of exvuiiin!; their Aliiliti!.'S
n tilt- inoli riirioiis Reli'art hts •, for thoii[',h ir is < \'icient,
t'om I'lc Situation ot this I'art of tlie World, that
/li.d imill have been p^opktl very early ; yet it fo falls
('.:t. ihiitthirL- is fcarcc a Coi;ntry on the Globe, the an-
t nt 1 iillory of which liis bi;r!i.'d info great Ohtiur'ty.
Ihf l!ov(T, ot Natural Hiftory toiind, in all Age', t!-.'.'
fr^cll lirld o'vn tothrir Inquiries in liicfe Region?, where
tvcry At'iniiil, evi-ry Tree, every Mower, every Root, was
jCuriolu)'. Such, a;;aii), as ik lighted in fjHTulative Stu-
dies, intiiequitt Pl.-afurcs of I'iiilofmhy, and in ih-. hxa-
miintiomifrhf liVorts of the human Undtrllanding, founil
liffinvnt I'mploynv nt in tracing out the Opinions, Man-
HTs ami Courl'e of Life, of the Brathmans, or Indian
l'li'lola;'hM-;, th;' oldeft Seft in the World, and, in every
ffll«t, th • moll fingular, ami the moff extraordinary -,
*iiilfthoH, who Wire charmed with a Variety of llrike-
mnl'.vms, Invafions, Battles, Revolutions, and the like,
"M w'.tii .III they cduld defire, in exjiloring the hulinn
llillory i whifji atxjunds with a greater Divcrfity of fuch
1 vents tlun any other. I^iftly, tlie Lovers of Navigation
;! 1 Corv.iiv n t: vvi-re att.uhcd to this Si.bjecl, fioni the
^-onlidi-ration ot its (wuliar Adv.intages ; for never any
|raliick ni.iite to conliderahle a Figure as ihat of the In-
J'-''", never was ai:y Country Id highly renowned for the
Ijichfs oi Its n,itivc Commoditits, for \o many and fo valu-
M.eManutacUircs.orfor liuh a .Spirit of fndulUyand'rr.ide
»ni„„gll Its ik-oplo •. and this m all Ages, from the carliell
wthcjiKirnt I'liiks.

'^U' iirtJ ikj, v.onder, thcrelore, that lucli a Multituile ol
w Ks \n\r Ix'u, writtiM on thole 'I'opies th.it we havi- men
IM:,!, (,r tiiat lb miny able Tens niould have Ken em-
pyaliiiwi each of them. The Oilliiulty docs not lie
i m rniliiij^ (iiiiais i,)i- our Jomiu-y, but ic. dillinguilhing
''•:;lni) miny, which iias the r'roi'titft 'laknts lurcon-

during us, and !;ow fir wc ought to follow him. This
is an Kvil, indeed, common fo all curiaus and ufeful ,Sub-
jeifls i on which (here arc naturally many more Books pro-
duced, than on fuch as arc lefs pleafing, lefs inftrudlivc,
and lefs agri cable, ciih<T to the \VritiT or the Reader.

2. Rut there is one 'I'liing very fingular with regard to
this .Su! ijert ; We have not fo much as a lingie Treatife, that
embiMies it in its full I*'.xtcnt,'ihat takes in the inrire Hillo-
ry of the Antiquities Rtvolutions, Cuftoms, Manners, .and
Trade of the anticnr hu'iiins \ their Correfpondence with
Eiiroptan Nations ; theLolVcs and Rcvivancc of that Cor-
ri IJMiiidcnce in feveral I'critKis j the Civil, Natur.al, and
Ccmniercial 1 Iillory of the Indies, before and lince the
Dilcovcry of the I'.ilkigc thither by the Cape ot Good lIope\
and the Rife, I'rogi els, and prefent Situation, ot the Settle-
ments of European Nations in the Indies. This, 1 fay, in
its lull I'xtcnt, and with due Regard had to the Importance
of the Work in g' iieral, and the Connexion (f its fcveral
I'arts, is what, in tlie Midft of fo maiy Books, fo many
Colkclions, lurh a Multitude of geiural ILllorits and
Abridgments, is nO' where to be tound.

Yet I fhoiild think myllif very happy, if I could as
ealily fup;>ly tin- Detid, as I can point out th^- Caul'es ot
it, whiili U<m to me to be principally thcfc : In the tirft
place, almoll cv.Ty Writtr, who his ini.'ddlrd with thefc
kind ol .SuhicCls, has .1 particular Genius, which determines
him to this or that I'art of them. One has a Relifh only
tor .antient llitloiy, and amufes himfelf with examining
and comparing the i''.iblcs and Fraginents he coHrfts out ot
old .Authors, Another is ftruck with Curiolities, and he,
ivrhaps, fpcnds many Years in compiling whatever is to
be met with in relation to Natural Hillory. A Third lias
a 'I'alle only for Travels and Voyages, which leads him to
tollert tlule •, witl-.'Ut ever coi-lidering, th.U, in all fuch
Works, there mull l)e in.tny dark and unintelligible tal-
lages, if the Rcider is not fuini died with otl-.cr Lights
llian luih .Suit of Book, will afford, to eii.il)k' Iiim to un-
ilerlla.id them.

.Anoth.r Caufe is, the not fully comprehending the Sub-

icCt, but bilirvii.g that a (Jcncral 1 liilory ol the Indies

m.iy be written tiom tlic Memoirs of this or that particular

- 13 Nation,

■ ■I- "

1 •• !?;

ilf ^

?70

77v Dill-ovcry, .Settlement, ^W Commerce Book I.

ilTlC

1 Ilium, iluw u« only lu. h IVtvircs m, for tiic l!niioi,r,",|
ilioir nl'pn'tivc Coimfru-i, tlv !• Wtitcn lisvc f,ii;i^,, i
the higlxll Drprrc tlirir Abilitu* woulil allow 'itm.
5, The Si nil- tli.it m.iiiy alil-' Autliors ot Nonage, ;„j

tici,

tlu-m ill tri c|iuiit (. Mliiin, loni; Diipiitcs j ui tdlii^ui U|.
tjiTiliofn i whicli r.ixltr thi ir uwn Works li avy ami tin.
lomc, .iiul, at tif lame tiiiif, v -ly imiill'uiiuly arUut.'-^
I' nil lor whit h tluy wrri- intcndcil. I wouki not havciix
Uiailir im.ij;iiic, tint I am K'*'"'li '"'" i» ''-iil Opiiwnoi

Nation, fuch M tlir Forlu^Htli, the Enilip, or the Dutib i witi» Care loiifiltcil trnm (omc o» the Writcn of thai \j

i)» whkh many Inlhiicsmiftht bcuivfii : AikI y<f, wIk" «i"|'- I'I'"^ we h-»vc only jMrtial KqirdcntatKins, ji

thrl".- Hook* aif ...ni(:Ul. thounh thry aflon! cxrcllnit ftich ai, inllrad ot inllrii Uiig; m, m to i!u- true St.' /oi
Man ri.ih for liifh an 1 lilUiry, they arc nothinj.', lets than
Gcniui llilloriM tlitnililvn.

\ tlnrd C»iile iJ, tlut I^vc of Amufrtncnt which pre-
vails at prli-nt in the NVorJ.l, ami intlinei ilii-m i.i cm-dii- _ ^^
Mgc that Sort i)f wiv !i;;wl,uhis nli-.ifant nmUntcrt.unii'm Travels have h.i<! <>t ilufo lni|Krliclioni ami Dnhcu
bur .:t tiie f unp tim. havt-s the Readier very httle wifrr aiul the IXlire tli'-y haii to remove than, hai
tluii hcw.wKlori- ; winch is the Uiafon t!;at many mo-
dem Voyatjcs and rravil« vt written with Inch a Spirit «»
Indolence aid Gaii-ry, and are fn inaccurate in ['oint ot
Dare* and Facts tlui: we arc fomctimes apt to nulUkc
them for Iklitioiis Adventures and i<i manctv. 1 could

iikcwife lupptiit this Kemark by Abundance ol Inllancts, other l'io|-k!i Book*, that I nuy retommcr.d my o'wiiii.r,

but that 1 am Imlil'li mv own ami tL Reader's Tinv.- may in Truth, there is nothing taitlur Iroiii my Inteiiii juhu

be (luich better eini loycii ; ami tlut the Fad i« to wfll t'ucii a C'omhu't. I am very fcnrdiie, that tlier. arcMcp.

known, that I am in no Danger of iKing called to an Ac- danci of cxcflli nt Writers on cac ii of the diiVrnit Ui;. of

count lor tlv Alle.'tion. the Sulijfft which I am to hani' - ; and 1 Irctly j^olif.,

There arc lever.i! other CauleJ that might be nidcd \ but, that I liave no I lop< s of lucceulm^;, but troni tlu Ik [

as mol> of thi-m will occur to m intc llij;' r,t Uiadcr, I make ol tin r l^lxmrs Ihr wlui I v.onl 1 Ihcw Imv, ,»

chufe to leave tlnni to his Oblervation, ratlur than dwdl this, tlut h 'W jxcillcnt focvir tlule may It, uk. ih.n

too loHji? on an liiircHluilion to a Subjcit lb c npious in it- I'eparate, and wiih regard to the Deligns by them rJJA,t.

li:;), nnd whiih will r( quire To rtiiKh Time, and I'o much ively pro|v)i;d, they lannor, however, even ly the n, oil

Ro"ni. to liandie .is i- ('u;^ht to bi- lui.illed ; ivin t!i npli labormuH C'oiirle of Reai'.in;^, be bioiiglit to anfvc rthcKij

all ;mii»inalile I'ams U iii«l to brint; it wirlun C'ompan, ol fuch a general and conticOttil Hiftory, as has been men-

by giving nothing but what is curious and Ibhd, aii»l that tiof.eii,
in the lewctl Words i)oHible. Mk y are, indeed. Materials for Inch a BiiiKlir;:, ar,J

\. I lure IS •.■.otiiir.i; more common in lome l!.joks relor Materials \vit;iout winch it would be Madiu.* tojrtciiipt

ting to the India, than to meet witli violent Invectives ruliiig fuili a Structure \ l)ut IliU they are Matcralsony,

againft the Ignorance, Credulity, aiul Folly, of the .\\ ■ and muH lie drawn togttiv r, and propcil^ Iran J, Ui.«

tiiius, as .f they had had no Opixirtuiiity I't knowing any tlicy i an l-.uome I'art-. nfliuh a Building;. It livcrj'lupj'y

thinp with relaiim to this Country and l'eo| '< , and had tor the Rc.idcr, as well as li>r me, tliat there are liju'il'l.r;-/

fHirefore delivered to Pollrricy an I hap of ind:nett;-d la

bits of their own Ins'ention. In (bm.- other Books, a{;ain,

we lind this .ii't'jlutJy contradirtcd j the Ai counts ot the

Anticnts comnunJ.ed and fup|H)ited ; aad thoic who hive

trcate.l them witli Contempt, rcprellntcd as weak Men,

and ineoni;'ctcnr Judgis. Wheii Books ot Ixith Sorts tail

into the I lands of an Englijl) Keaeler, he knows not what none ot tlum ever piojxd'ed, anil to i.iiite tlieni i;: li li i

to tl.uik, or wiior.j to Ix Iievc : 1 le vlu:.bts ol i very thing ; Uianncr, as that the I'uxc may Ix; whole and iiuire, v.r.

and as he m its witii (Irxig;- Stoiies, and Icemmgly extra- out any M.uk <d I'atJiwoik.

vagant Relations, in all tlic Voyai^-.s and 1 ravc-is jo tins In order to tins, tin- Deluicnces of loiiie muft h i

Part of the World, he i. .pt tu iiifpedt the \^h.>'e, and to pli-d Iromthe Ahuiidancc of the others ; The true .Vr.

of excellent Mat'-ri.il'. ; and it will tv veiyialy (or himu
dtcidc !i(iw Well tl'.ty are ninj^rd, and how tart'ieyocti,:y
their projur Plates. Thefe Matrrals arc to Iv coria':.!
from Writers of diHerent Agts, m different Lan;;',: u- ,
.md who wrote witli very dilVereiit I'lirixilc*.: I'iiegnatli:-
liculty therelorc lu>, in making tluleletve an Knvi w.ixi

bchtve that very l;ttie Crcdn is due to any i.'' ;hem. In
order to clear up tius, and to atVurd him a rc.ilo.ialilc .Satif-
faction, lie IS ulu.illy turned o.er to th:; voluminous CoLer
tions of Ld/1, Uaikiiii, and Pwibat. It he has the Pa-
tience to run throin^h thefe, and Abundant e ol i'atuncc it
ret] /ires, his DilFicultie:. an- rather uv realird thin rclolvcti i
and, ll>r want of knowing I'hc true Lluraelirs ol ilie Wri-

the Antients mull be cdleeteil Iiom tliebell Comm:rtr,-.
ol the Modems i whi i c any t.hiiu; is dark, it mull i< a-
plaiiieil 1 anil where !.;teat W'litcis have erred, Irumtliir
rondntfstor |>artitulai Opaii .ns, their Frnus mull Iv lit
n^ht witii Cuulour and DeceiMV. W Inn, alter ali i.'u
Larf that c.ui Ix: taken, no Materials can b.' It/unil, ;:
niult be fairly coiifcU'ed, and tlie Read: r plair.ly tolo, «

ters prtfervt:tl i;i thole C'oUetrlions, and the not meeting is known, and what is likely to be buried in perp^tiu. U.>
With many antieiit Writers, whole N'ames arc mentioned m laiiity. 'I'hti may, indeed, li . m to injure the Btauty,

other Accounts, h-- is more at a 1 uls tian ever. and liillroy the Symmetry ot our Work ■, Wit it is muh

4. In the Hill..:iescf thr Difeoviriiv made I v the Per- letter, that ihe 1 lungs ihouKl be Kit li>, llu:i tlut, alt.r
tu^uefc. they arc ulualiy treaidl in lucli a manner, that, at the Manner oi i laith Flilloiu.s, we Ihmild I'uppK ha
M\ Sight, ore would be t> mpted to iniai^ine, none- ol the with Inventions, an.l lb build up a regular 1 lillory, i;intt(.-t
Countries mentiuned in them were at all known to tl»e in nothing but I'nith -, which oui'Jit ti/ be tlie Fmimljtion
Lurepea<is, before the Pallage- w,is ft.und t)y the Cajx ot
(Jcod ll-jpc \ anci yet, upon a clokr Inlj>.vtion, thr con-
trary is very vifilde. This, again, gives the inijmritivc
Keailer a great deal of Uncalinels : He is reiifible, tljt.lx--
fore tlut Pallage was tound, abundance ot /«u;j;<Commoiii-
tics were tranlported into Europe, lome ol them in greater
Perfection tlun tliey are now. He is anxious to know
when that Correfpondencc began -, how, ami by w,'»om, it
was carried on •, what were the Advantages and Diladvan-
tagts tlat attended it -, and the Realons why it was dilcon-
tinued •, none of which are to be- found in tliolc I lillorans,

who, lull ot a Delire to imgnily their own Country, carry Order ot 'I'lmc j wht'reas, when'the I )eriVn of tii'. Clurw
the ContluetU and Difcuvtiies ot the /•w/m^'u^'/,- to the ut ' '

moll Height, and leave the RcjX)rt of other Nations Suc-
cels, in Maritime AH'airs and Commerce, to their own
Writers.

of all llillory, end without whiih it is nnre KoinJiu.

6. lUit to deli. end from Cjeiieral> to l'art;cula;s, T'li '"
reprilent, in tew Words, what th. Reader is t>) cx,tct m
this C iujM- r, as we ilid in the lall, ai.d. to lleuiehi:n mm
any Apprelunfion ot our torgetting, that this is a Libran'
ol Voyages -, and, therefore, might n>coiilill pnitipiih' '>'
thefe ; We- Will enter into an cxprcis Ditail ol the cap:;jl
Points that are to Ix- trc.ited in the eiiluing Sectio.ns. h "
the more neeellaiv for us to do this, !>. eaufe, vnhoutcoa-
fidcring them .is the Parts oi the lame Work, tiny niigM
apjKar, at k.A many of them, to be placed in a «'"Rg
Order ot 'I'lmc \ whereas, when the Defij-'ii of tlisClurW
is tully oillioled, I hope it will aj pear, that th y ar-' ^•
geltcd 111 the moil natural Order, and lo, as that t.icv i

^ The l:n^lij}j and Duub purfue pretty much the fame
Track -, and tho' they fumetimes run our. violently againll
the I'tidc, Luxury, and Tyranny, ol the Portu^uefe in the
Indiis, yet tli^ y tmiit many curious Particulars^ in relation
to the Decline ol the Pirtugueft Empire, vduch nuy be

1^'

exphnncil and enlightened each other. 'I his i? '■i'"-"^'
the great Ulc ot Methfxl -, without which, it is limFy'''';
poil.ble, tluit there lht>uld U- any I'.rlpicuiiy i Jn.l )- ''

is not impollible, that a Writ' r, by .ulhirini.', tooiiJ--; ■'^
Methoii, may tall into that very l.iior which ''^ '^"•■",
vours to avoiel : And, thcrelure, as the End b alw.iys!j
prcterrcd to the Means, I lli.dl m this, as m tlic^l-f^'"

Ci-r-

ch:ip. n.

of the Tw^r Indies.

57«

Cluiitcr, IT"'"" ''"^ Kf»''"'» S.ir'^raiflion to ilic (Irid I'ur-
luit ot mv i)Wn Notion; and, wlitrc-cvcr it ij nrtillary,
1,';; witlwiit S.ni|ili-, join I'hint^s to^^rtlu-r, th.ir, |.<r-

\s' .1 ftnck rigiril to Mrrlimi might liavi- ili(|xjf >1
,^',: iwnt I'lwrti. 1 llwll likcwiic Like the I.iUrty,
i^liM I finii It rtquifitc, ot rrtfrnni', the Kraiicr to what
his Ivtr tirliv.ri-l in the foregoint; Chapter, r.ithi-r than
un iIk H»U' ' "' 'irir'H '*"" *"'' "'"'"'■'i'''' Hcfictitions •,
•ml ;is, I'l '^>' ^'"y»Kf» 1 havcalriaily givin him, 1 h.ivt-
'vrnvf'ry iDpm.A m my Ki-marks, lo, in the li- that an- to
i,,|:,w, I ihall more com lie, in cmUr to lirinp; my Mat-

r «i:iiin iliit d Hinil«. Ihelc I'nliminui ^.^ hcing littlal,
1 iriK-Kfi. ill pr jHfiilcd, to the- I'lan ol what 1 |)r()|Hjl'e in

thr> Lhii'i'"''-

- Ill the t"irtl jLu r, I rtiall triMt ol the State ol the
NJ;';, IfDiii thf carhdl A^;(.-i, to i i I'ouinlatiiMi ol' the
i'''crfiin Manarthy ■. aiui, tlioiigh, in ^\ iii^', this I atu leii-
llhli tli.it I caimof Rive thr Kraiiet any more than a h w
(jrii.il I'lcls m a loii^ Scries of Aj^rs, yor, a^ thrfe I'acl'i
ji; al)!iilutfly netfirary to tlu' uiulctll tiuiinH wliat follows,
I luTliiai'.'.- myt'l'v 'hat he will ir^anl tlu-ni ,r 1 lio, in th-
|,ip-,t ot iiKf-Tdary Ii trtxiiiaioii, I Dial! thni j>rocetil to
ll- Ihiiory '»t tlie y«./'i'j, li) lar a» it can h >1:!. uveral
lr( 1 the Hiltorirs that ha^ U'tn lift us nt thp /'" ../j Km-
ii'.rc, tJia'iu.;h which .he Uulvs ot the Indies ..irc liill
nuJc kf»nwn to the hurcpeans.

11 -,K-mli(l through thcll' (lark IVricds, we fliill

j:rv arcr At count ol Things, tleikn ed trom the I'.x-

prdimn »•! Alexaniier thcCinat, alter the Deltni.iioii i.t
l.ic ptrnan iMnjiire, into ti)r Countries ot whitli we are
fpaking. 'I'hiN wiil leail us into an Kxii'ianatioii ct' tho
Witics 'it that mighty Conqueror, who, to the I'olieliion
fit' miiiy lirgc ami liuitlul t'rovinces, inteiidui to have
Ifoin-it to the Finjiire that he eredeil, ail the Atlvantages
ac. nilng Itx^m the nch Conini rce ot the Indus.

We ilia!! likewili: examine how tai this glurious Defr^n
v» prolmitect by his Succeli'ors ; iiow, tliroiiiih tln.ir
(Ai.iiroU ami Ditiaitcs it lunk iritn( )bhvion, u:itil it was
trvivtti by the Ptolmies in t-^ypt, wtio throu[;hly imiier-
i'!o<aI the I'lan ot" .iUxmlaer, ami improve^ it to ^n-at Ail-
v.i;itj[;c. After thr DtltriKtion ot th.ir Monairhy, we
ih.'j give a I'licrinct Atci>u,i( ot the I'lci math: hy the
fiiwdwof tlieirCtinqu-tt ol h.s^ypt, ar.il oi tlie 1 ii'Jitthiy
oh:a;iii! troin i\\f(,i\tks, ami otiicr Nations, with regard
to till' Tmtle ()1 the Indus., .iiui in what Manner they iin-

(TAvJ. tllfin.

H. In vu;.l>qucnce of tiii* Chain of 1 iilhiry, whieli will
affi)n! us an C)j'|)ortunity of t:;piaininp to the Kcailir the
Uu ;:tfrs (il thole \N'rittrion whole Authontits the An-
tii'ts rhictlv 'epenilcil, wi llull tie at lalitriy to l.iv
(!o*athr.'' it .ute of wiiit tiny knew aiul Ixheviil, with
r i^K-it to till- i untiy, Ir.haliitants, and Coninii>hties, ot
ii; Iniis. \V. iluii lliew, from the bi II Writ r^ of An-
t.-iuiiy, how far their Aiquaintaiicc with the Indies reached;
n wtiat I'aitieulars th^y hid ri^^ht Notions , wlirro tiuy
crcil ; ami when e tlieir Irrois arofe. Wo lliall lliew
whattlv.y hivei' iivcred with refpect to the Religion if
ihf l>t.iu!ns; t! - i'oluy ; the Divilion oi their States -,
th;irlullom> and Mann TS i together witli tlie Animals,
as u'.ciibeil 1 y them ; ,iiui all th.- other I'to.iu tioiis of tint
Country. In doing this, the utmolt Care ih ill be taken
tocitt cxaflly the .Viitlioritie? on whieli the kveral Fads
wc rtpnrt are grnuiKlal •, and, ,« (Xtalion requires, we
luall i.'.rw how tar they are eonlirnied or rontradittcd fy
thcMokrnsi and, tiy this Means, we Ihall biingaMiil-
Wue; ('t curious and mllnictive Palfages into a very narrow

C0Ti[>afc.

I he Kfador will tlien fee, in one View, the true State
wthc Cafe, with refpeit to the Antients ; and bt'uble, with
tm:ui'ty, lo judge for himfelf, with relpect to the jullire
«i t-,.)!-.- Cnlures, and the Value ol thole I'aiie'gyries,
*r.ith arc hvtore-mentioncd. He will then fe how tar
'iif l;i!iiluy (if tie Antunts really extended, with wli.4t
^i-f.^.i tUir Werks ought to Ix- reail, ami what Credit is
if '''./''■'' '*"''P'"''"'"P^ Relations th.it are met svitli in them,
•k' wi.l iii.avill- ll-e the Na'.uie ami Kxtent ot tlu ir Coni-
n""i'-, t.- Manner in wh:eh they man.iged it; the Ad-
^■^ t,;:":s ihiy drew tioni it •, and how it funk and rule,
1'^'! ;.i.[^ ai tin; i^'yiintrics, in wliich it wai kttled, were

liJclTed wirh a wife and priid 'nt noVernmcrt, or Cii; f d with
a bad one. I his will .dl'ird him an Opportunity of eonv
paring, in his own Miud, the , i ite ol Commcrc. in thot'c
I)ays, with the t (jndition in which lie kis it \ ami will
enable iiiin to pronounce bolily, that Jullice, Fquity, and
a due Keg.ird to the natural Rights and l.tberties ot Man-
kind, are the lijje Mean-, by wlmh Nations ai' dillinguilhed
from (ich other I and that I'ower, Wealth, and I lap-
pinets, are not attached to Kxtent of Dominion, or Mul-
titude ol I'eople, bur, whtre-cvcr there is a wife Adminitlra*
tion, may be enjoyed.

9. We Hull then relume the hiftnrical I'.irt ot cur I)if-
court'-, and treat of the Correl|K)ndence Ix twetn the .Sub-
jects of the CgHjlimliHopoliian l-.mpire, and tlu inh.ibitanti
ol the Indies \ which will appear to be of more Impartanc<
than li.i. been hitherto imagined, W'c lluill next liefcend
t(» a regular AiC(.unt of the Alterations whith hapjH'ned by
the Detlenlion ot th.it Kmpire, in th'.- Man igcniiiu ol that
trade, which thriwit into dirt'eicnt Chanel;, and into the
J lands of levera! Nations. This will bring i. . to thole
\'oyages a:id 1 ravels that have li. n hitherto accounted
the eailieil that were made into th.' Indits, 'I'he molt
valu.ible of thefe we lliall give the Reader M ' \r^,v. with a
tair jn I d ar Account ot the Charaiiters ol taeir Authors :
And, in orda to make their Iv lations perfectly intelligible,
we fliall, in a previous vSd'i! >n or two, tiivc a fuccin^t
A(C(j;int ot the l<evolutioiv mat lM[ipened in the Indies \
without knov.' ng ol which, the Accounts given by thefe
Travellers v,i dd be (Xvcedingly ohfcure. Hut, by p'lr-
luing this Metiiod, every thing v. id fall i. to its proper
I'l.ice ; and, before the Re.ider meets with thd'e Relations,
lie will '!i\c acquired th'J Lights nccetlaiy to the perfec't
l'nderll..nding if them •, and will hkewile ililhr.), how
thefe \'oy,: --. .md 'I'ravels, dark -.vvX imperfect as they
were, kim 1 that Spirit ot In-iiiiry, and exhibited tliit
generous 1 1 .'It ol op.ning a iliorter I'alf.g? to thet'e rich
Countries, which made \\ ay lor the Dileoveri 's ot the
Pt^rtir^Uff' . Me will likewife fee, i'.ow far the Accounts
given ii« by th le I'ravellcis agree with thole of the An-
tients, and how lar they are fuppoit.jd or contuted by later
l-'xinrience. He will likewite torm a Juiigment of the
Value ot fucli Pieces, and fee how fir tlicy are Hill u!eliil,
notwiti'.llanding the luhlequent I ights we h.ive recei\c I ;
a,ul tiom thence he will have a jult Idea o! t!ie Value of
llich Colled ions, as contain theil-, uid little elli.-.

10. After paiiiiig through thife li.irk ar.d trouMefome
Stagis, we Ihall re.ich that famous I'eriod, in which the
I'allage by the Cape ot (/uo./ //£;/><? was ditlovcre I, which
trmslerrcd th. Lummeree of the liulcs from the Italian
Repuiilics to i!ie Portw^uejf. We Ihill then relate, as
biietiy as it is poihble, the I'rogn Is of the Pcrliixu.fiCun-
(ludls ; exhibit the Nature ami I'.xteiit of their iMnjiire in
IK Indies \ give the Charaders of trie principal I'erfons
cijncerned in ellablilhing it i Hiow ol how (Teat Conlc-
(Hience it was to Pcrtu^j.', ami wli.it l''.."eds t!ie annexing,
lor a time, that Kingdom to the >pii::''jh Monarchy, haii
uivm the Art'ans o\ Europe. We lli.ill next endeavour to
point out lie Ml .Ills by v.l.ich the l-'.nipire of the /V/.■<•
^«cycr began to decay i tr.u out the Cncumftanccs that
concurred to its DdlruiflK^n i and conclude wi;h a Reprc-
lentation ol the prclc'ivt St.ate ot their AtV.iirs, and of the
Remains ol' the great Power in the Indies, which are tlill
in their Ham's.

It, The \'oyagcs made liy our Countrymen into thi.s
P.irtofthe World will next demand our Caie i and iiere
the Reader will obfeive, that, lor the fake of being clear
anil perfpicuous, we were obliged todifpenfe with Method ;
tor otherwife fome of our En^lip Travellers (Aight to have
Ix'en mentioned, not only widi, but even before thofe, who
vilited thefe Parts in the i .uh and 1 5th Ceniuiies. After .1
very Ihort Account, as ind.eed no other c.in be given ol thde
old \'oy.iges, we fliall expl.iin the Caufts th.'.t lead our Coun-
tiymeii to engage in fxpedirions to the i-.ajl Indies during
the Reigns of ]latry Vll. Henry VIII. /...w.t.j VI. and
the <^ieens A/rtrv and EHzairtii ; by this means our lli-
Itoiy wdl lie conduded as lo>v ;is the I'.ttabhlhnient of that
Kind of Trade, which we carry on to the A'.r/cj at prelent ;
ol the fixing i.f v.'hich wc Hull |',ive a dilhnd^ Account,
and inl'eit, in their proper Places, fjJi En^Lj/j Voy.iges, as

are

I i

IMAGE EVALUATION
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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

''<d^J^

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

572. The Dilcovery, Settlement, and Commerce Book I.

:irc lik.ly to j;iv.- .S.uisfiaion to tlic Rc.iilcr. Wc llull alio
cuter, ,15 lar .is ii ivniiaiy, into tiic Dilputcs tliat hav( h;ii'-
pciicJ, in ilu'lL- i'ait.s hitwccii us and the Dutib ; ami j'^ir-
tn-u!arly tii • lanums AlVair of .Imbsyna, by wliirh wt- lotl
the Spicc Tiadci an AlVair, which, thoiigli it has been
Ion;; ;i!;o lny,iM'n, ought nivir to Ix; forgot, anymore
than the Ar;s .iixl Contrivances hy which wc were fxpflltd
tioiii /?<;«/.;;« in tiie llland djd'jan, and other I'aits ot the
(Mjl IftJus. 'I'hrfe things ly.ingdiipatclitd, we flwll exa-
mine the prclcnt State o» the Hriti/b l-'.mpire in that I'art
ot'tiie I i lobe, anil give ap.utitular IX-fcription of the Situa-
tion and Confequcnce of each of our Faftories, concluding
With fome Remarks on the Nature and Value of the E<iji
In.iut I'rade with regard to this Nation, more tipccially
with rel^xd to the great Kxportation of Bullion, which it
oceafions. By this means wc hojx: to render our Woik
equally a};reeable and ufeful to tlic Subjects of thefc King-
doms, by letting in a true Light tliis imprtant Branch ot
our Commerce, and demonftrating the Necellity we arc
under, ol m.iintain:ng and fupportiiig it, in order to bring
tlie general Balance of Tra.ie in our Kaveur.

12. The iirlt Voyages of the DuUb to the Eaft Indies,
nnd, in conlequence to thole Voyaged, theKllabhlhment ot
their Eajl IitJui Company, a Spciimen of the moll import-
ant lixjvilit.ons made under tlitir Direction, aid the- Ac-
count which tiicy liave been pkafeii to pve us ot their I'lo-
ceedii'4;s at ,'h'dr.\ndy will fall here into ti.eir proper Place.
To thele wc lli.i'l aild .m Account ol the (I'Vonomy ot this
Ci^mpany at h 'iiic, .-uid the Manner in wh.chtlieir vail Stuck
iMiLuuiged for tlu'Bcnciit of the Proprietors ; lor, as totlieir
Settlements m the Indies, there has bci n alrc.iiiy lo copious
and to .Kcurate a Uefcription given of them i:i Cummwlore
Kr^^icvctn'^ \'oyage, that we Ihall be under no Is'cccfilty
ol laying any thing more on th.it Head.

I \. The Iraiib Lajl-India Company comes next to be
conlidereil ; a Comiiojiy not formed, like tlie refl, in con-
laiULiHC ol Voya;',rs m.adc at priv.ite Exjxnce, aid inCom-
Jiliance with the (jenius and Defires of the l\ople ; but
i'priPRir.g trom a political I'rinciple, projected by Minilleis,
an.i lettled, accoriiing to their giKxl Pk-alure, by the I'ow^r
<it the Crown i and this, too, after numerous l.dorts, and
repeated Dilappointmcnts. We Ihall infill the more parti-
cularly on the Kile .;;ul IVogrefs of tlii-. Company, or ra-
ther enter into a Detail of the feveral I <-ji Indm Compa-
nies formed in 1 iwuf, in order to lliew how hard it is to
force theSpiiit, and moeiel the Inchiiat ons, ot a People
alter the Will ot theCiovcrnment, even when the Will ot the
(ioveniment is, in ibmc niialure, right, and aL;reea'. le to
the Iiitcrells of the I'loplc. Wc fliall partii uL.rly ilelcribc
the Muhotis, by which the two great Minitlers liiiielicu
and Ccli>crl, obliged the /rc»./j Nation to ihink ot kttling
themlVlvcseiyeetually in the Indies ; and wc lliall render it
evident, that nothmt; luit the Ready Care and conftant At-
tention of their SucecMbrs, to the Principles by them laid
down, overcame thole Obllaclcs that at tirfl teemed intur-
mountable, and at lail brought this Projcd to bear, and
put the .Mfair* of the tretiib Eaft India Company into a
ilourifliing Condition.

We lliall lallly give a full and diilinci Account of that
Ci.mpany, in rel^pect of its. Oiconomy at home, as well as
its S( itlemcnts abroad ; and the EtfcCls, which, in time,
and by the Continuance ot its Trade, it nuy have in regard
to the general Commerce ot the Indies, and the Trade of
Europe, riitfc, we have Kcalbn to Wieve, will lie lb much
the more acceptable to our Readers, becaufe tliey .irc abfo-
lutcly new, and have not hitherto been treated, at Icall,
tle.irly, methodically, and Irom authentic Memoirs, in our
language.

I a. It was the Succefs of this iafl, as well as of the
Engi'p and DM/Cib Companies, that laileii, about twenty
Years ago, fo llrong a Spirit of Tra.iing to the Indies,
thnjughout all Europe, and which tirll difplaycd itielf in
ihr Attempt niaile to fettle a Company tor that Purixjfe at
<)jlenJ,unda UicProite'tioiiol the late Liii],>eror Cbarles VI.

Wc flull give a fuccinfl Account of the Origin, Pro.
grefi, and Declenlion, of that Company •, and (hall (liiw
tlie Conteqiienccs that might probably have attended i« F.ftj.
blidiment, if it had not been oppofed to vigoroully by ih-
maritime Powers. This will naturally bring us totheCom".
p.uiies that have been fmce crcdcd, or rather revived a
Sweden and Denmark, with greater Succeis, than could wtll
have beencxjicftcd, and which, prolecutcd with the fame Dili-
gencc and Attention that have hitherto been bellowed upon
them, muft neccflarily be brought to tJiat PertcClion, which
has been thought incompatible with the Genius of tholi
Nations, the Nature of their Governments, and the Strength
their maritime Force. Wc fliall likewite take notice uf
of the Trade carried on to China by the Ruffians, and the
Conveniencits they have for eftablilning and extending it
together with fome Tiioughts on the Confequenccs ot out
new Trade through Mufcovy to Perfia, and the vaftRci'iori
of Great Tartary, which may polTibly be improved intoi
Commerce ol as great Confequcnce, or, at leall, of as "teat
Protir, as that which wc now carry on to the Indies.

15. In the Conelufion ot the Chapter we fhiill compar;
the okl and new Trade to the Indies ; examine the .Advar..
tages and Diliidvantages of btith, and the Confequcnce of
this Commerce to the F..illern Nations, and to the I'tipis
of Europe 111 general . From which it will appear, tlut the
Prejudices entertained againil this Trade, onacciuntofihe
great Fxportation of Stiver which it occalions are but:-.
iiiffer:ndy loundeii ; atid th.;t the neccfi'ary Atteni'aiits upa
this Commerce, provided it be propeily n)ana:;ed, v;i|
much more tiian balance tl.is Iiicoiivenicnry, an.! ;Tuvf ti;;
me.:ns of enriching Europe in a much higher lA^ree, tiun
It is fuppofed to be impoverillied by the fending cut Ikh
Qtiantities of Bullion.

Such is the Pl.m ot this Part ot nur Work, whkh, i!io*
Vity cxteiilivc, is, however, fo regular, that, by the IVr-
ufalof this SecUon, the Reader cannot but be convinccl,
thj Siib;ed could not have been treated in lets n/Oiii to any
Puri>ii(^-. The Imi)ortaiice ot it is lo great, ti.at it nuy
well jullily the I.iibour and Pains that it will colt in the bi--
4 ution ; and every Part of it will Ix- lo curious and enter-
taining, as well as uf tul and inllruCtive, will C(i,i!i)rehtnd
the Subllancc ot li) great a Number of valuable Ikioks.arJ
convey lb large a I'; ('portion ot praclical Knowledge, m
comparilon t)t the Bulk of the Clupter, that there u the
grcntell Ki.ifun to believe our Readers will not think ih.i:
1 line at all luif-fpent in its Pcrulal.

it b but a very lew Years ago, that the Difpvites aboir
this Commerce to the Enjl Indies divided and liilha.ted aJ
Europe : And it is very eafy to forclec, th.it, in t: e
Coun'e ot a lew Years, the lame Dilputes mull ncccffaril,
Ix- revived with xs great Wariiiili as cvei ielj)Cvi.d!y ilihcr:
be- any Truth in wii.it fome People have Uiiinil u 1:. //;•■
land. .IS to the Intention ot the King of /V«_/,v,; 1 1 ilhbiiA
a new Eaft India Company at Embden m Eaft ir:.ui\S. 11
this Ihould ever take IvtlVct, it would c;eate gieatci \\y^' •
henfions, efpecially in the Dulclj, and with more l^'ili^",
than the Attempt ma.le to tix IikIi a Compar.y at Vjln.,
becaufe, trom the Sitiutioii ol that Port, they wo.:; i \\M_
much greater Realon to tear the Kuin ol a gie.it I'art 01
their 1 i^ide 111 dermany.

\!\xm tliele Motives we have been led toliandlr ihis;;"-
portant and inteielling Sulijecl in all its liranchc;, cvry
Section ol which will k- a (omplete Treatile in its Kwui
and its Reialioii to, ami Cor.iie.xioil witli, the rell "t t^s
^V^,rk will immediately app'-ar, by rclcrriii;; totlieSvkirie
of the Whole, as it is in this Section delivered. \>ciuvi
now nothing more to luld, but an Alfuranee, that the lair.:
Diligence (hall lie ufcd in rendering every I'artoi tiu'chap-
tfr as perleCtas |)oliible, that we hope is dilcoverab!'. i!it"-s
large and particui.ir Account of the whole Delii^n.inter.ueuis
welltomanilell the Attention (hewn in eompobrs^it, 3jw
give Inch a Key to the whole Chapter, a may lcrv.'L;>.l'i<:-
l<oles bctore-fiiciuiuned.

SECTION

Chap. U.

of the East Indies.

175

SECTION II.

The Hiftory o/" I n d i a in the Earlieji,/Jges.

T/r Tradition of the Indians concerning Bacchus, j. The Egyptians transferred their Report i to Oiiii--,
;, Scmiramis attacked the Indians, and ivas repuljed. 4. The Invafion of India by Stlbrtii.s. 5. -Ibt
Indians /W their Hercules as nvcU as the Greeks. 6. M.Huet, Bifhop o/" Avranches, had no jajl (irotmdi
to fiipPofi (^^ anticnt Indians defcendcd from the Egyptians. 7. The Argument drawn from the Confijion
oftk Indians to Alexander the Great, examined and confuted. 8. yl Summary of Matters of ]\ii}, tahich
ffwv/v collcSied from this fabulous llifhry. <f. the Ufefulnefs of thefe Inquiries to the thorough under jland-
ii,'^ of this SuhjeSl.

S we iiave very confufcd and indiftinft Accounts ander's Expedition, wliich is a thing of tlie utmod Con-

of the firft Settlements of aimoft ail Nations, fequcnce wlthrelpeft to the Indian Hiftory.
it is no Wonder, that we fliould have many ab- "~

_ . 3- Tile Affyrian, whicii \was the firft of the great Em-

fiird and unintelligible Fables as to the Settlement of the plrcs crcdc(J after the Flood, was governed, after tint Death

Iniiti 1 cfpccially if we confider how remote thcfe Coun- of Ninus, by his Widow Semiramis, who founded the

tries lie from thole which produced the Hirtorians, from antient Babylon. This great Princcfs, after the (- onqiieft

whom all our Accounts arc derived. The firll Indian of Baiiria, rtfolved to undertake that of India. I'hc

Monarch, or Conqueror, of whom any mention is made in Reafons that moved her to this Refolution, were the Ke-

Hiilory, is the God Bacchus, or Dionyfm, who is reported ports flic had heard of the Fruitfulncfs of the Country, arul

tt> have led an Army out of Greece as far as the Lidies, the Kiihes of its Inhabitants ; but, as flic foref.iw, th.it this

which he conquered, and taught the Inhabitants the Ule of Entcrpri/.c would be .ittended with many and ^;re,it IIKli-

Wine, and built the City of Nyfa '. There is, liowcver, culties, (he fpent no Kfs than three wliole Ye.irs in [in ;Miing

good Rcafon to believe, that Bacchus, or Dio»v/ius, is for it. In order to this, flie ordered a prodigious .\rmy,

only a Gwi Name lor that Indian Prince who firft civilized drawn out of all the Provinces of her extenfive l.nipirr, to

the People of that Country i tor one of the moft valuable aflcmble \\\ HaHria : She hkewife dircded the Inh.ihitants

Writers of Antiquity, Dwdorus the Sicilian, expl.iins the ot Phctnicia, Syria, and Cyprus, to fend her a lliffictenc

Hillory thus, and tells u?, that the Indians themfelves related Number of Shipwrights to build two thoufand Ships, or

the Matter in the following Manner. rather large Barks, which were fo contrived, as that they

That Bacchus was a Native of their Country, and the might be taken to-pieces, and carried, according to her

Projcifl, from BaBria to the River Indus, where flic under-

l who found out and taught thi way of prefling Grapes,
and making Wine i that he likcwife employed himfelt in
pmning Fig-trees, and other Fruit-trees, of a larger Size ;
m which he likewile inftructed his People, elfabliflied a
little Frincipality in the Country of Nyfea, and called his
Capital AV/d, from the Name of his Nurfc. 'I'he Indians
had likewife a Tradition, that he was a great Conqueror,
and a Lawgiver, built many ftatcly Cities, inftituted divine
Worlhip, and crefted every-whtre Courts of Jultice :
Thty lay further, that, after ruling over all IhiUu for the
Space ot fifty-two Years, he died m an extreme old Age,
snJ left his Dominions to his Children, by whom they were
(pjoyed fur many Generations ; till at length, feveral Re-
volutions happening, many of the Cities became free, and
l:t up lucli Forms of Government as leemed moft agree-
.iletothe Inhabitants. All this is reafonable enough ; as
is alio the latter Part of the Story, which is, that, after
ills Death, he was revered as a Ciod ''.

2. In the antient Hiftory of the Egyptians we are told,
ihitO/w, the great C<inqu.'n)r of that Country, h.iving
Maildcd Etbicpiaio h:s Dominions, palled over from ihat
Country mto yhal'ni, and nianhed from thence into JiiJia,
wlifre he taught the Inhatiunts the Ule of Wine, and

ftood the Indians had a confider.ible Naval F'orre.

But, as flie was apprchcnfive, that her Troops might
be ftruck with a Panic at the Sight of the Fdephants,
which the Indians ufed in War, or, rather, apprehending
that the Indians themfelves would phice all Coniidcnci.' of
Vidory in their armed Iidephants, flu; contrived certain
Machines, made of the Skins of Oxen fewcd together, and
carried by Camels, which refembled F.lephants, in order
to take from the Indians their Notion of Superiority in this
refpeft. All Things nccelTary being provided, flie marched
out of Ba.iria, with an Army, th.it the Greek I lillorians
have, by their Relations, rendered lei's t'ormidable tliaii in-
credible ; tor thty report, that it confilted of ;j,ooo,ooo
of Foot, 2rjo,ouQ Florl'e, 100,000 Chariots, and 100,000
mounted on Camels.

StabrcbiUes, who was .it that time King of the Coun-
tries that border on the River Iiul.is, as foon as he had In-
telligence of this formid.iblc liivalion, prepared to defend
his Country, and his Subjee'ts ; and, with this View,
airembled a prodigious Army, avi!.',nrMted the Number of
his Kleiihaiits, and caufed four tlmufand Uonts to bj built
of Cane, which is not IlibJLCt either to rot, or to be earen

— r» ;' .....«v .«- »..v w.^ w ^, ..iiu .J. .wMi.v , .....>-...- ,. — - - — , -.. — w.. ^...^,,

fi^unded the City of Nyfa \ from whence it is plain, that by the Worms, to encounter the /ijfyrians on the River,

ihisO/fn; IS the finie with Dicnyjius, or Bacchus \ 1 lieie
lams to be no great Difficulty in accounting alii) for this
Story, llnce it is a Point u.iiverfally agreed air.ong the
b.iirntd, that the l/iyptiaiis, 111 order to fortify their
Uvuurm- Opinion, that they were the moft antient N'ation
:ntlie World, and that all Arcs and Sciences were derived
10 other People iium them, were accultomed to tr.inst'er
whatever tiny Icirned ulating to the .Actions ot' antient
Hi.ntrs in othi r Coiintr es, to lome ot their own NF/n.irchs ;
3i'"l thus, it b hiuhiy probable, they delivered whit the
W.W reported ot ilu-ir lirft Lawgiver, as il performed
byOy.T;;. The daks, who molt certainly borrowed
i|:ui harning from the Egyptians, and, in Imitation of
'• ni, (iK!c.ivoi,rtil ti) eftablilh a Notion of their own An-
"I'lty. ad'iullut tlule Accounts to the Grecian B.icihus •,
''"'nee ariles all that contufed and fabulous I lilU.ry, re-
jweil by fvver.d r;, ■,',■;(• Authors, upon this Subject, and
•*:t|mhicli we (lujiild not have meddled at all, but that it
*''■ lie tuuiid i.ecilluiy to txpl.Viii lome Palliigis in .V(V.v-

liaving his Army and Elephants dr.iwn up on the Shore;
ready to fupport them. Tlie Fleet ot Semiratr.is, either
Ixcaufe her VclVels were ftronger, or Ix'tter maniietl, proved
victorious, a thouland of the Indian Boats being I'link,
with all who were on board them, and a vart Number of
Indians t.iken Piili>ners. Ujwn this, the Indian Kin-;:;
abandoned the oppofite Shore, and lett the Enemy a fret:
PalVage, in hopes of attacking them with bitter Sucxels by
Eand. Scmiramis, as foon as the Indians withdrew, con-
verted her i'lect into a Hridge of Boats, over w 'iieh ihe
marched her whole Army, with the couiUert'eit F.lcph.ints
in the front.

When the Indians were informed by their Spies, that
t\v Ajjyrians had a great Number ot Flepbant-;, iluy were
ama/ed at it, a-ul in great Contulion ; but tlicv foon re-
idvered tluir Spirits, when, by the Dcl'ertion of fome of
the 'I'roops ot Sem:ra<i!:s^ they came to underfuind the
Truth. A Battle liwii .itter lollowed, in whidi the .If-
fyriuns had at tirll the Advantage, but at lal'l the I-.'iaiis

. '.'a.

'•'■'111. 2!,

,"■./.•'.

';li. lii Cuin a'r .ynUia Dici um, t.ii

^ Di.ii.r. Si.ui lit. iii. .-■.•/■. 4.

'■'l;S

t'aiLd,

374 5^^^'^' Difcovcry, Settlement, and Commerce ijook

% ii '

I m^n

prcvailcil, aiuK">V.),/Mw/.' was totally overthrown, atui (oon
oliligi-a t(i tly, with a very fm.Jl Rctiiuie, eliapmg with
•;rcai DilKmlty back into hir own Dominions. Autliors
i.ave varicJ. in thfir Accounts of this 'I'ranlaftion, wliith
islargily nlatal by D/Wcrwj, who h.ui it prob.ihly Ir.ini
(:::/ias, who ilrew his Accounts from il»c Oriental Writers
thinililvcs. 'Ihcrc is not ccrtanily any i^rcat Weight H> be
laid upon a F.id, the Credit of which can harJly U- allcr-
taina!, and Ionic Circiimilanccs o» which have vilibly the-
Airot Fable '.

The cirinj;, however, this Pairagc, to prove tiiat the In-
dions were a civilizul anil ix)\\eiliil Nation, is, perhaps,
going no iurtherthan the I.iws ot Kcalon and I'rolvibility
will allow : 1 here is nulreil, great Dilhculty mi at-
tempting to fettle the Tune whtn this Tranlijdi>>n lup-
p-ned 1 but, arconlingtothc Chronology oH'.npdliis, who
li-enis to have ihidicd the I'oint very can fully, it nnill
have fallen out alviut the Year of the World 1970 '.

4. Tin- next Invahon of lnd:n is reported to have been
by Sefcrfa, or Stfcjlris King ot h^ypt, who was one of the
greatell Princes that ever luleil in that Kingdom : He is
re]xiri<d to have made u!e ol a Heet ot 41x1 Sail, which
I'.c drew tog< ther in tht /^•■.''-.Svj ; an.', is likewifc laid to
have invented long Ships, or Ships »>! War, proKihly,
when he lirll laid the Scheme of tliis Invafion, which he
executed with equal Suecels and DJibcration, leaving be-
hind him, as the L:(yp:ii:ns lay, Muiuiments ol hisCi n(|uelh,
whcrc-ever he came. 1 le is laid to h.uc pnetiated through
Jndtn to i!ie Si a wliich lijiarates China from "Japan: Not
th.it the Aiitients were acquainted with th.it Sea, but they
rejwrt tl;at he went mu-.h lurther th.an .Hcxanikr did; j\ift
the dan^esy fuKlued all .f//.J, even to t!\e Ocean : And,
if lb, his Coniiu. lis mull h.ive extended to the Sea liefore-
mcr.tioncd '. He f|'ent nine Years in this F.xpedition, bi -
having V, ry kinti!y towards the Nations h*- conqm red, and
cx.ae'ting troin theni no other Tokens ol Obedience, than
fending aneually certain I'refents into Egypt. The fame
Chror.ologer we have betice mentioneil, plates the Reign
ot this King, or rather his !-'xix-ili;ion into India^ m the
Year of the World ^02^ '. 'I'he AV/'/e/Mflj alfo are fiid
to hive ie.vad.d India; but the Circumftances of that In-
vaHon are \o ol)l'a;re, lliat vse lliall not troulilc the Reader
with an Account of it.

-y. As to what fume of the .•\ntients rc]V)rt concerning
Utrculcs, and hi^ k-ing in fh>' Indies, it is more than pri^-
bablc th.it it is d,. nved irom a Tradition ot the Imiianf tliem-
felves, who had an lleriuhs, as well as liaiibus, of their
own, concernnp whom they a:*r.rmed, th.it liecxeilhd all
ot';er.M'n in Strei.gtli am! CouraL;e -, that he cleared kith
tiie Sta and J ir.d dI MonlUrs, an>l wild Bt.ilh -, and th.ir,
having maiy Wivt-'., he left behind him a numerous OlT-
fprie.t:, all of tlum Sons, among whom, when they were
grownup, he dividrd //:<^;Vi into e()\ul I'.irts, m.iking cich
of them Kirg or Sovereign at the Couniry which he af-
figned him. 'IT.ey likewili alT; rt, that he founded many
Cities, the moll t.imous oi wliich was called Palibotbra, in
whicii he built .1 li.it, ly I'.ilai e, llron; ly fortified, and fur-
rounded With dv 1 p Tie:'c!)es, into which he let an adj.icent
River, and therel^y renuered the I'laee, in a n^anner, im-
preynable. Alt. r' his Death, this //tn«/cj of India w.is
hono.iied a:, a Cjo.,i : I lis I'olteiiry reigned lir many Agis
after him, and prt./rnitd many glorious .Ai'lions ; but it
is remark lb!'.-, that tlr- Indian Iraditions a;:,rce, tiu; tins
Ueriiiics, and his i'olKnty, never digas^i el in a: y foreign
F.xiK-tiiri(,n% or fr.t I'.rth Colonies into dillant Countries,
but contented tht mlelvcs with the Poirellion ot their own
Don-.iiiicns, and. that liientiiul Htgiijii ot which they were
Natives \

As d.crk andobluin- as t'le Times wliieh fall under this
Peiioi were, it is mill evident that all the old Accounts
reprefr.t the Ci.untry very truly, as alvjun iing with .,11
the NeceUaries 1)1 Lik-j watered by mmy Rivers, lever.d
t)f which had tli. lame I'roperiy with th ■ Silt^ viz.
OverCowin^ the adj ic- nt Countries at a cirtain Seaton uf
the Year, and thirei.y rendering tliem wonderfully Iruit-
tul. Til. fo anr.ent Accounts alio, anion;/ nany Fables,
report fome F.uls truly, \m;ii 1. Ip.vt oj theLoininodiin.s

of India, which tlioy reprefent as confining chiefly ;„(; ,
precious Stones, and Spices; ifither are tin y much i.i ,V
wrong with regard to IVuits, which they a'lirm to T
larger, and more nourilhing, than in other Fart

World

■s ^U,i

What they re|>ortol the People alfo, is, in nuny r,fp, v
not credible only, but highly probable ; fur tlvy(,iiiU
th.it tho' India w.is divided into a Multitude oflitti p! '
cipalitits, and thofe inhabited by different N.if,,, '.
th, y Wire all Natives of India, and not at all in; rm;x '
with Strangers, it Ix'ing a conllant Maxim ot tlidrl'd!'
neither 10 lend out nor receive Colonies, but toli\x eui"'.
under their own laws, and according to tlieirowiiCullom/
lliewing thereby a gn .it Dread and Dlllike of .Sir.ir.c ,,'
which, .IS the Reader will oblirve, has bicn, in;il|.V"?
the great Characlerillic of the /»<//««( ienius. They \l
ther allege, as a Real<)n why India was never cxiiuiid • ,
Famine, as E^\pt and other rich Countries were, ih.it tlic'rc
was a Law inviolably obferved by all the Indian Njtiom
that, even in time of War, the Perfuns and I'roiv.misii
i lulbandmen were facred ; fo thar, in all the w,irlik:' Kvw.
ditions they made, they iicvit did any Hurt tothurKni-
mics Country, either by burning tlie Corn, or cu:ti."<'
down the Trees. °

(). It mud be' ownn!,that it is very dilTicult to diftinmiii,
the antient .Accounts of India from thofe of Liter liW"
betai.le .ill the original Authors are long ago |)enfliid|
yet, 1 think, there is good CJround to klieve, tliat tiir .\^'
tieiit Egyptians rri'glu have received from the Indiam fame
/VccoDiu ot wliat had formerly pals'd in their Countr\'
fince it is a Point out of Difpute, that the Eppiiani n".z
the tirll People that had any Commeice with India, as tie
learned Hilhop lltict h.is very jullly ol frved : But wlnr.:;
he, and other learm-ei Men, h.ive inclined to an Opi in
tii.it the Indians v. ere, in a great nuafiire, def. tiuiei! IrM
the I^ypliar.s -, emd that (j/irts not only conijiicreil t'lt
Country, but lett teveral Colonies ' there ; Irannerhh
difiering Irom them intirely, beiaufe this is veryii'c(n-
tiiKnt with that Principle ot the Indian Policy, ofncitLr
admitting Strangers to fettle amongll them, norfcm'ir;;
out C'uiunies themleives : And, as we may cafily uvo; I t!.:s
t ontr.idiction, by fuppofing that the E^ttlms, accur: ■:
to tlieircomuKin Ci.llom, tr.uillated wli.it tli.y lu.l luar.i ;
\hc Indian lla,< bus, to their cy/r//, 1 look upon tliis in il:;
more rational Setitiiiient, having the Reader, howvvtr, tj
decide as he pleates.

As to the Contormity of Manners between tliefe t»a
Nations, on which that learned Prelate inlifts i'o niij:li, li
apjK-ars, to me, to prove nothing : For, either the Lor,-
qiull ol 0/tiis V. as general, or p.irtiuilar: The lerniir t.ie
I^piiiins tluinlelvij ncviT pretmded ; and from the .""i-
tuation of Nyi'a, g'anting the Story to have any TriiM, ::
is plain, that his Cemqucll diil not extend tar. If, the:', 'ic
penetrated only intotlie Frontiers of India, and there 1 111-
blifhed his Colonies, how can we imagine, that the Mr.-
ners of the E^ypttans fliould extend thenilelvis over j!1
the Indian Nations, lince it is a thing out of I)!ljii.te, t!:i:
the hiduiiis, in general, lived in Obedience to t!ie Lm:
Laws, as appears Irom their Cullom of Iparing finftjr.':-
men ? Indeed, I tlnirk it would be no diiiicult .Matter w
pro\e, tlut tiio', in liime lel'iKets, the Manners nt the r-
tiei't Egyptians and Indians might agree, yet, in othf.'S
they I'ldired widely ; and, even as to the Agrrt.T.tnt 'I
their M.mners, I can fe no Realbn why this llioukl rot
rather be aitributed to the lakcnefs ot their Cdiintiic-.
than to thele Colonies of Egyptians, ot the f.x-li.i-L' ''
which it is impolfible to atford any tatistaifiry I'root. ^
7. I am V( ry lenlible, that it may Ix- ohieCtctl r.fi".',
my Notion, that tiie Indians were a juire .iiid iiiiXW"--
P.'ojile : Tli.it they themleives contelftd tlie e(.ntrjry,v n
.Us.iiider the (ireat inv.iiled tluir Country: I'ei 1^ ''
telis us, tlut when this C<jnqueror advanced tow.ituwV i.
/Uuphis, at liip Head of tiurty Deputies, c.ime fn^''" i.x
City, on .111 iMubaliy to Jlfxandcr, into whole I'f^";'''''
Uiiig adiuitied, lif mile the tollowiii;; Speecli :
' Iiiluliit.ints ol A'Vrt tnireat, O King, tiiat in UfVcr'^;
' ID huiihui, you would leave the Lity tree, aiii t"- '■•

I -J Cafd >■•'

• liaLi":..^

; 4

•</«;

S..J. iiiat^ /Vii.

chap. 11

of the E K s r Indies.

37?

' lubitants to govern by their own Laws } for, Dionyftus,
. ,j,r he had conquerid the Indians, ami w;is about to
, rcruni to the Gmian .Sea, built this City for thofc Sol-
. jijfs who were unfcrviceabk- for War, as a piTpctual
. Monument to Pofterity, of liis I'.xpaiition and Victory,

• as your Majcfty has huilt /llexandria at Mount Caucafus,
. ini another in /'^■/'/ 1 and many others, fomc tinillial,
. anil others in Building, having now pcrtoimcd much
' morcthan our Dioity/ius did : Ami he called theCity Ny/a,

• from his Nurfc, lb 'named, and the Country A'yfia ; and
' the Mour tain, which hangs over the City, he was pIcalLd
> to ciW Mercs, becaufc, according to the Fable, he was

• chiridial in Jupiter's Tliigh. Since that 'I ime we have

• liwilt in My'»i as a free City, and have lived at I'.all:

• under our own Laws. And that this Place wxs built

• by Bmcbiis, tiiis one thing m.iy be a Diinonllrition -,
' That Ivy grows nowhere in InJiti, but in this City '.'
This may, indeed, as at lirll Sight it does, look like a con-
dufivt I'roof 1 but, I prefume, when clolely examined, it
will have a quite different Appearance : For, in Anfwtr to
this, 1 obferve, that, inllead ot' proving the Conqueil of
o/ris, this really proves the ciirecl contrary ; viz. the
C'o:iqiidl of the Grecian Biucbus exploded, as abfurd and
unfultaiiuble, even by the wifelt of the Creeks themfclves.
But whoever confiders the Character of the Indians, tiie
Turn of this S[)ceth, and the Prayer o\' .kiipl.'is, at the
Clofcot'this Addrefs, muft cafily ilifover, that the whole
is no more than an artful and wellturneil Compliment,
calculated to lay hold of the Conqueror's Vanity, and
thereby procure a Confirmation of the City's Liberties, as
accordingly it did. All, therefore, that this Faft abfo-
lutdy proves, is no more than this, that in the Time of
Mixandir, the Indians wire excelTively ten.icious of their
Liberties, palTionately fomi of their own Country and
Cuftoms, and very adroit in contriving the Means to avoid
the Change of them. On the Whole, the Story of 0/;Wj
is unfurtainable, and the pure Ivffcds of I'^plian Vanity -,
that of the Grecian Bacchus ridiculoufly abfurd : Hut, if
w admit th-* Reports of the Indians, as to their own
Bsaks, or Hercules, mixed, no iloubt, with Fables alio,
to have given Occafion to the Egyptian Story, as that did
to the fictiun of the Greeks, we Ihall free ourfilves from
a!l Difficulties, and open a PafTigc to the true i liltory of
this Period, (hort and ohfeure ' :detd, but, however,
worthy of Notice. Thiis it runs.

8. rhc Country of India w.is very early peopled after
theDifpcrfioiiof Mankind, and, being in itielf exceedingly
iniittui jiui ]>le.ilant, it foon began to grow populous, .after
a certain great Prince had introiluced U<ligion, and Civil
Policy, by which the I'eople, who before lived like Sa-
vages, were formed into Societies, and taught to impiovc,
and be iQiiteiit with, the happy Country they pollViral.
The Situation of molt of their great Cities upon Rivers,
and the Property of molt of thole Rivers to overliciW at
certain Seafuns of the Year, obliged them to contrive,
improve, and addic't thunlilves, in an extraordinary ik-
g:ef, to Boatbuilding, and the .Art of Navigation ; which,
35 it enabled them to carry on a !;reat Coninn ree amoi'.git
themfelves, in a Country V( ly extenlivc, and evrry-wlure
very plentiful, fo it furniftied them a'li) with a very con-
fv.'crable maritime Force, cf-eci.illy for iliofc Times, ca-
pable of refiHiiig the whole lore.- of the JJfyrian Fmpire.
rh;sllrit!y Reliftar.ce proceeded cliielly li(;m their gene-
rous Notions of Liberty, concerning whi.h, the Ivll
^\r.•. -icf Ar.tiijuity t. II us that .is the /;;.//.;«j Ii.i I Laws
p:ailMr to theinfelv(s, wi.iely ditVercnt fom thole of all
ethrr Nations : So thi": was the Fonulatioii of all their
Law>, Ixiii;. the fiMidanuntal Maxim of their I'olicy, Lid
lown by ilieir firll Lcgillaturs, and from which they never
("lurt cl 1 ■:-:z. That none amonn them fliould be a Ser-

™it, but that every (.ne, being free, .iiiei equally iutitled to
ine Benefit of the Laws, (Iwulii, from that Conlideiation,
■^'the more ready to venture their Lives in l")clence of
™!e Uws, and for the Prtfervation of their common

l-iWrty '.

, "w.sthc Knowledge the World had of this, that pro-
<;'Ced lo violent a Pailii n in all the great Conquerors of
^'•naiiuity, to pretend to fomc Conqueil over ill'.* Indians i

as will be fully (hewn, when we come to nr.it of the Mo-
tives which induced /llexander the Great to un.lertake liis
tlxpedition into that Country. In tin fc early Times, thi;
Egyptians were aimoll the only Nation tliat had any Com-
merce with the Indians, which they carried on by Seaj
and this it was that gave them an Opportunity of impofing,
for many Ages, u|X)n the rell of their World, by their Fic-
tions, in relation to the Conqueft of OJiris : Hut when the
Greeks came to be better acquainted with tlie Indians,
they difcovered the Falfhood of tliefe Egyptian fables,
and brought to Light, in fome mcafurc, the true Fliftory
of thefe People, as derived from their own Traditions.
And it is for this Reafon, that I eflcem the Accounts
given us by the Greek Flillorians, as more antient in
themfelves, tho* later known to the World, than the
Stories delivered by fuch Writers as copied the Egyptian
Records.

9. The looking back fo f.ir into thefe fabulous I Jiftories,
is, indeed, very laborious, and at firft Sight appears a little
unnecefTary ; but when we confider how many great Men
have employed their Thoughts upon this Subjed-, we
ought, in Julficc to their Abilities, to fuppofe they faw
fome iiealijn for taking fo much Pains. It is, indeed, no
difficult Thing to difcern that Reafon, which was the De-
fire of coming at Truth, or, at Icaft, as near it as pofliblr,
by putting Things into a proper Method. Such as have
neglccTed thefe ar.tient Accounts, and have begun their
Uillories of the Indies much lower, have been obliged to
infcrt many Things, necelTary to explain the Tranfiictions
they record, quite out of the Order of Time ; and in fuch
a manner, that they have rather perplexed than enlightened
their Relations : For that the antient Indians were a very
wife and powerful People, whole Tliftory therefore dcferved
to be recovered as much as any other, appears from very
different Qiiartcrs.

For Inllancc, when the Ckincfe Antiquities came to be
looked into narrowly, it.appcaitd that their Learning, which
has made it much N'oife in the Wodd, was really derived
to them from the Indians ; their great Philolbplier Confu-
cius owning, in his Writing,";, that h.e had been affiiled by
the Lights he drew from the PhiK.fopliy of the Hrach-
mans '". The Truth of this is alfo manitell, by comparing
what the Greek Writers have left us, in relation to the
Dodrines of thofe Indian Phi!ol()phcrs, with what the Jc-
fuits h..ve been ple.ifed to publifli from the Works of that
great Author of Chinefe Learning. It wus from the Indi-
ans alfo, that the Chinefe derived what they knew of the
Art of Navigation ; ami if they improved that Art to a
greater Degree than the Indians, and made longer X'oyages,
this c;ught to be a;tributed to the diillrcnt Genii ot the
People. Amongft the Indians, Liberty was the ruling
Paflion. They Ibught the Convenitncies of Life, it is
true, by the AlTillance of their Maritime Force -, but they
fought them among themfelves, and n.ver aftecTed Con-
quelts or Commerce without the Limits of India •, which,
in this Period of Time, ought to be confined within the
Rivers Indus and Ganges. The Name oi India is certainly
derived from the firil of thefe Rivers, which, being near
Perjiii, was thereby firll. known to the Weltcrn Nations.
Hut the ruling Pallion among the Chinefe, 1 mean amongit
the People in general, leenis to have been always the Love
of Gain ; which naturally led them to foreign Commerce,
and foreign Conquells. Ir is true, that the willlt Men,
and greatill Politicians, of that Fanpire, have bee n always
of a dillercnt Sentiment ; and have freq' ently renioi.llrated
to their Ivmperors, the I'olly and Danger of affecting to
inlarge t.'ieir Dominionsby oiienfivc Wars. Tiiis is plainly
the Confequeiice of their luwing derivi d tiie tuiK!ament.il
Maxims of their L.earning from the Indian.', who went up-
on that equic.ible I'rincii le of being free Cheiulelves, ;u;d
leaving others free all<).

Hence arofe that great Number of Republics mentiemcd
bythe 6>fci Writers, as fubliffing in India, when jHexander
invaded it -, and hei > .■ the many Rtllridions of Regal Pow-
ei, in lu; lil'l.icesasvvu-e llill ['overned by Kings-, ot which
we lliall find a Miilutude ot lnll:r,e\s in tlie kiteeed.ing
.'-eclion. lithe A] pe.irance of y,;,/...' at prefent differs fo
widely from wh.it it was rcprefenied tonnerly, we ihall

p. if. S:i:llrt). Cl'Ji.i

" lit Ui. e .,'« C.

'■r. /.

diltern

I 376 Tlje Difcovery, Settlement, and Commerce. Book I.

tlifccrn the Occafion of this Difference -, ami, ronfitnicntly,
the Credit due both to anticnt ami moticrn Accounts : Fur
it will ap|)car in the Courfc of this Work, that molt of the
defpotic (iovcmmcnts that now fubfift in the India, arc
the 1' ffids of Foreign Conqucfts \ and that the anticnt
Principles of Liberty, and afligninjii pro|)cr Bounds to Sove-
reign i'ower, arc ftiU fufficiently vifible among tlic un-

mixed Nations of India. Thefc arc Motives fiiflifl,nt ,-,
juftify Inquiries of this Nature \ efpeciaily whin they ^r
"regularly maile, confined within liue Boun.is, ami a];|.|',.!(
chiefly to the I'.xplanation of thofe Points, winch ir.aL n
worth our while to inquire into the IranlaClions ui ,; |i
'limes, in Countries at fuch a Diftance.

1 I

Mil

fa '

M Ml'

In) tmhi.

! ■

SECTION III.

The Hijlory of this Commerce in the Hands of the Idiimcans, Ifraclitcs, 'I'yrians, Gfc. -■ ./,

fome Account of its Profits.

I. The Manner in •which //•/• Phoenicians bedvnc dcjualnted vitb this Commfrce through //.• Iilnmcir,-
2. Arc intrulh-J inth the MiPUigmcnt of it hy //<• Ilraditts. ?. Dijfcrc/it Opinions us to tie Sitn.i!:'.,:
c/"Ophir. 4. Aivantagcoui Confcqucncrs of this Commerce to the Jews. f. '■fhcy iire td.illy litprivrdci
it, under the Reign of Aliaz, by tie AlVyrian';. 6. •lie Tyrians mm tit the monopolu-ing t/'e'Comwiw 5/
the Indies, y. 'The extmorjintiry Mains tbev nuuie ii/e tf to of>en a new Route /rem tl.oj'e Ccuntric.
8. Become thereby excecdingh rich and powerful, <;t li'c// as very jormidable to their Neighbours, p. 7;,!
CV/y 0/01 d Tyre /^//tcfl /'v NclMicliatlnczzar, <;;;./ New Tyre erecfed on an Ijland at a Inudt Dijl^uu,
10. An Account of the Tioj^hxlytes, and of the Nature cf their Commerce, i i.Obf'ervations on tie I'rJ;

. of this Trade in thye 'Times, and on the Nature (f the Proojs brought to fupport thofe Obfervatiom.

I H E whole Trade of the antient World firms to
have been divided betwctn the Egyptians and
the Pbtcniiians. The former had cngroll'd to
themfelvcs the I'allirn Comm-n c, and the l:itter ixtcndtd
their Navig.uions more to the Well. Itisiertain, that
never any Country was better fuuatid for Trade than Pter-
niiia, and the two j;rcat Cities Sidon and fyrt, the famous
Ports thereof, wluti) make fo great a Figure in ar.ticnt
llillory. SiJiii HixhJ on the Sea-fhore, having beliiiid i:
a fine Plain, which rcailud as tar as Mount Libanus, or
rather Anti-l.thams. The antient Tyre flood alfo ujx)!! the
Continent, w.ls toimded by the SiJomans, and came after-
wards to m.ike a j'.rcater I'li^ure than Sidon itillf ".

The Inhahit.inis of thefe two Cities prolccuted Trade,
ami every thin<; that had .-iny relation to Trade, with tlie
utmoll Oiligc-ncc. The Mountains behind them furnillied
excellent limber, ami this enabled them to j^rfeA the
Art of Ship-buikling. They alio made grtat Difcovcnes
in Aftronoiiiy, and were particularly fkillul in applying it
to Navigation. They muft have had early fome Intelli-
gence of the Indus, it thete be any Truth in what \i re-
pirted of llereu'.iS of 'Tyre, tl.at he penetrated into thofe
Countries i for it is certain, that this Hero, who wasi.ilhd
Ma'uarlhus in flic Punic or Phrntcian Tongue, lived
three hundrid Yiars Ix lore the famous I''.X|>eilition of the
(ioKkn Fleece : .And therefore there is gtHid Keafim to
doubt, that his I'iciiiit Fxixxliiion is a Fable -, but a lal'le
that might Iv thus tar totinded in Truth, that the (Ireiks
might endeavdwr to exprefs thereby the Pba-nidans fer'g
taught that Conim.nx by Ilcriu:e<, their tutelar Divi
nity ^

\Vc fhall however eiuiiavnur to give a clearer and more
probable Aeci;unt ot the M.uvnr by which they came to
this Knowledge. .Ml the ri' h Commoiiitie^ they brougl-:
from the Weft by their Shipping, they diftrifutcd thio'
the l-all by Carav.ins •, whuh was and is the NFtiuxi by
which all Inliiul Coninv ite is lanicd on in the lull 1 a: d
this oeealionnl a i^irrcrpon^'Anee Ixtw;: n tluni aiui the
IJioneans, or hihn:/,'', v.\w wen then a v(r\' powerful Na-
tion, and polVilfeJ of very extcniive Doniinidns.

2. 1 hell Idiinnaus, who in tin .Seripture<; .ire called the
Children of j:iom, were poff (I'.-d of that Suie of the . ■/;•./-
^w» (julph whii h is opiKifite wi-'^jpt -, and from them tli.it
(lulph rueived tlu- Name of the /^c,/ .Vm, bv a milKiki n
l-.tymolugy : For tin Crcfla, liiuiing thisGulrh called
die .iVrt of I. Join, and i.Kjuiiing wli.it i:dom lij;ni!ied, wrre
told that it iiuant Kel, from whnue they called this the
HeJSr;i\ tli.iugh, | n>periy IjxMkim;, the Wr*/ iVa is that
Part ot the Ocean whieh divides .1/u from /ifriia. I'pon

that Gulph the Idumeans had two Sea-ports, Elatb and tfi-
oiigeber ; from whence they carried on a Trade by ,Sca, to
.Irahia, Perfia, and India ; anil tiirough them the fhr.:-
(iaiis came lirll to Ix- acquainted with this Coinrntrce, into
whuh, however, they were more freely admitted by the
Ifrtieliies.

For when King David h.id made himfelf M.idi'rof /Ja-
inea, and thereby obtained the Ports beiure-n'.e,.iionft',ui
the ./rrti'/rfw Ciuiph, he inimedi.itcly rciblved to il'.jb!i'"n a
Maritime Power, ami to carry on from thi n.e that Untncijl
Trade which had l)ecn Ixfore driven by the Idum;:,-,; -,
which he did with gnat .'-uccets, as appears hy the vo;:
(^Juantities of Ciold he brought in one \'oy.ige trom Ofcr.
\ lis Son Schmcn, wh.o was a gre.iter Politician, and who
h.id both I .eifure and Indin.ation to cultiva'e t:;c .\rt-t;
IV ue, re'.olved to make the bell L'fe pollihle of thole 1 li-
vens ; and therefore went in Perfi n to E'.clb ^ni t.Ji:r,-t-
hfr, wluie, under his own Eye, thofe Pons were iortiii;-.:,
and .Mundanieof Velltls put upon the Stocks. Thoii'
who w;re chielly emjiloyed by him, both in builJing a.J
navigating his Meet, were t!ie Subjeds of his ar.d Li^ !■-
tiler's l.iithtu! Ally, Hiram King of lyre ' ; Arul hy i!i.
niians tin Tyrians Urame acquainted with t!ie Navit;.iti;i
to the Iii.iies, in which they were ever afterwards ur.-
ployed.

^. I fliall not enter very deeply here, into the lanioiis
Quellion, WliereO/ii;r is fituated ? bec.uife, ) crhaps that
will Ix- always a (.^i'eftion i and I would m-t t.'.ke Tilings
tor gr.anted, and then reafbn upon their, wlun 1 know t.ai
pollibly they may be ditjnitcd. Yit it may not, jKr;;.'.p ,
ix- .iniif) to mention fome of the Opinions, which have- ixtn
liippoited by the learned Men of the lall .iiul j rciuit Age
III the (\\([ pkrie, let it be oblerved, that thoiigh it Ix iai^l,
t'lat thr 1- lifts of .^olomon were three Years 111 niak.r.J i
\'oyagc to farj}.<:jb, yet there is no Time tixui ti;r iho
\'oyage to Opbir ; fr(jm whence the ConinKKiit:ts th.:t
vere I rouglu, .ire faid to be Gold, Ainnig tries, aia! I'r:-
nous Stones. Eupcltmus, an old Author, qiiot.d 1 y / < -
/•■/(/;, alferts, that Ophir was an Illand in tiie AVa >-:d .
Jftphtis fays, that the Country of Ophir yiiiikd luili vj;;
'^laiitities ot that precious Nlet.il, as to be calkii :r. ;;i
tin lue tlu' Land cf Cold '. By the I Idp ol' thefe Mark.-,
dillertiit .Authors have tound it in dilTirint Pl.icts.

Some will have it to be tlie little lilmd of '/.ue.'.irs, rn
t!u b:..ft, rn Coall of .frica, at a fmall Didai.cc f.wn lii
Stieights of W«/.r.WH./>/ ; others imagine that iMv..s ti:
idind ot Ceyuin; others again contend for 6' j/i;Anii.r >■■■■•
The famous Iramifcus I'atiiilus would liave us rell latis:.i' .
tliat Ophir was no otlur than the lllaiid of Jlij'faiii.lu, v..

' Sf/iifg, ' i/i. XV.

s I A',

2 C'vii. vui iS. anj i\. 10. :i.

r J; J /:.

DiLov.

Chap. If.

"" f)j the "East Indies

nifcov.r.' el wl'i-i> w;n rcviviil by OJum/m. The 5/w««-
7, (tV.- :h<- Name of tlic lllumls ot Salomon to certain

Cirn '•'■> ''«■ ''"'•'••''•' "^'''''■'' ^"^ ''''^'' '" ^'°'''' ""^ ^^''^''
^.iiii |M vcT Cinre be t<ninii } bccaiife they imagined the

[•Irts t,! .s':.'i.mf« cmie tliithcr.
lii; ilicrcnrc twi) Opinions infinitely more probable than

. ■■ 1 1 :hdc : Til'" '*'•'' 'S ^^^^ (ipiir was the Southern
jVrt d'.'fral'id, coiK-crnini:; wliich we arc toiil by an anticnt
(Icnn.iriher, that two Nation'; ralicil .HHeans anil Cnjfan-
/r,;r, wiio'inhabiteii thereabouts IkuI Cfold in lb great
|i| I t'v, thit thi'y would give twice its Weight for Iron,
ili,. .'i';, Wcijrhc tor Krals, and ten times its Weight lor
Siivir, Tliis Goiii they found in Pieces amongft the Sand,
"fim-vrry I'lft'.s a-d the fmaiieft of the Size of Ohvcs,
vli.i:!i 'xi-Jf.riio idiniiig. The ether Opinion places this
ri-hOiintry in A/(»/<'"<»-" ''"his, 1 muft confels, apix-ars
th;mii'l rcafimabli to me of them all •, for Malacca is a
I'vi-inliiln in the true Rrd Sen ; which anfwers well enough
t- n-'iriptlon given by Eupolfihti.t, and at the fame time
ai^Hi .x.!Ct!y with wliat we are told by Jofepbus, having
t'lii kiiiHvn to Antii]iiiiy by tlie Name of the GolJfnCher-
h:f'i. B'.;t there is another Circumftance, that is ftill more
rtnurLilw: At the Oiftance of twelve Leagues from Ma-
le,,,; there is a very high Mountain, which by the Natives
is C3ll,d 0/i/f>, and which is rejiortcd to be, or rather to
iiiv 'rtin, very rich in Gold, though at prcfent they only
work llime Tin-Mines that are then-.

As to this Circumllancc of Gold Mines wearing out, it is
h:gli!y proKibie, anil very agreeable to the Lights wc re-
cfivc trom F.xpcricncc, as to the Nature of that Metal ; for
[he richu- the Mines, the fooner they arc exhaiifted, and the
kinger fhcy arc in recruiting ; which, very iMiflibly, is the
Caiil'e not only of our not finding Gold in fuch Countries as
wire famous for it among the Antients, but alfo of our not
fedipg it any-where in the faT>e Proportion that they did.
This .Subjid I (hall endeavour to fet in the cleared Light
poffihlc, when I come to treat of the Riches found in Peru,
when it was firft dilirovered, and which were I'ar fuperior to
what !t has produced fincc. But where-ever Opbir was, the
Pknicims employed by Solomon navigated his Ships thi-
ther, ami acquired thereby a diftinft Knowledge of this
Court ; which brought them, as (hall be afterwards (hewn,
to a pcrt'ccc Acquaintance with the Indians, and, in time,
to the Monopoly of the Trade of them. In the mean
time, let us proceed in our Hiftory of this Commerce,
»hilc in the Hands of th^' Ifraelites ; who profecuted it
from this Time forward very conitantly, Ibmetimes with
more, lonietimes with lels Advantage, according to the
liiticrtnt Adniiniftrations they were under.

!.■ Upon ilie Divilion of the Kingilom, the Province
cl liumm remained annexed to the Kingdom of Judab, or
}'«./«, the I'rinces of which carried on this Trade with great
buccdilrom i\\<:Vi.,ni.A Eftongeber. What the Realbns were
that determined the 'Javijh Monarch to prefer that Port to
i-lctb, Hillory hath not informed us ; but we have a very
giKni Account ol the Caules which induced them to flight
it. Jikftipbal, King of 'Judah, thought fit, from politi-
cal Confulcrations, to llrike up a clofe Alliance with .<?/&<»-
^ib King of Ifrad, very probably, becaule allied to the
Kii;i;ot iiidon ; and his Coui^try, lying nearer to Pbxnkia,
he had many Seamen of that Nation in his Service, and fo
came to admit him into a Share ol this Trade, for the ear-
ning on of which they fitted out a joint Fleet at E/ton-

This Fleet confiftcd often Sail, which were (hipwrecked
on a Ldgc of Rocks, which lay before that Port, and
from wliitli Kidge of Rocks it received its Name •, for,
tfisn-^dcr figr jlies the Back-bout -, and the Rocks were in
'hat lorm covered by the Sea at High-water, and flicking
Eliwith various Points in a Line, when it was low. This
Accident brought fuch a Dilcredit on that Haven, as it
never recovered : And therefore, when Jebofapbat liad
^K^d out, in the fuccceding Ye.ir, another Squadron of
^«1«, It was from Elntb -, and lie would not fufter his

'i77

Neighbour, the King of Ifracl, to liave any Concern there-
in at all ".

His Succeiror Jeboram loft both Ports by the Uebelliori
of the Edomites; and by this means the JcMiJh Com-
merce, in the Red Sea, fulTcred an Interruption of fome
Years : But Uzziab, in the Beginning of liis Reign, re-
covered Elatb, and fortified it again, well knowing its
Importance •, and from thence carried on that advantageous
Traihr, which had been the gre.it Source of the Riches
which the Ifraelites, and alterwards tlie "Jevjs, pofTefTed :
For tho', as I obfervcd, they did not carry it on always
with the lame Succels as in the D.ays of Solomon, yrt, wlien
they caiTK'il it on at all, it brought in fuch conft.int Sup-
plies of Gold, and other rich Commodities, tliat, notwith-
Ibnding the Misfortunes they met with, and the prodi-
gious Sums extorted from dnm by li vcral Eafhrn Con-
querors, y( t they quickly rv.'cruit;-d again ; and, as ap-
pears from the Sacred Writings, grew very rich in every
fmall Interval of Peace, till they lolt tliis Trade altogether;
and then they funk into the lowelt degree of Poverty anil
Diltrel's, having no way to fupply cxtr.iordin.iry Demands,
but out of the dead Stock of the Treafures they had favecl
in better Times.

5. This Misfortune befel them in the Reign 0^ Ahaz,
againit whom two powerful Princes confederated them-
fiives ; viz. Kczin King of Damafcus, and Pekab King
of Ifraet, who, in a fhort time, conquered almoft all the
Kingdom of 'Judah ; by which means, Elath fell into the
Hands of /i^2/'«, who immedi.itely elbblifhcd there aColony
o'i Syrians, in hopes of transferring that profitable Commerce
to his own Subjeds, which feems to have been the great
Point he had in V'icw, when he began this v\ ar : But Pe-
kah King of Ifrael, aiming at the total Deftruction of the
Jeuift) Monarchy, Ihut up Abaz in his C.ipital, and befieged
him there. On the Retreat of Reziit, the King o'ijudab
ventured a Battle, in which he was totally defeated ; loft
the City of Jerufalcm ; and had an infinite Number of his
Subjeds, With all the Riches of his Kingdom, carrioc!
away by the vidtor'ious Ifraelites '.

In this Diftrtfs, he took all the Gold and Silver, which,
out of rcfpeft to Religion, the Enemy had left in the
Temple, and fent them to 'Til^atb-Pilefer Kingof .-j^jrw,
the moft ixjwerful Monarch in thole Parts, to procure his
AlTirtance. This Prince, who was exccfTively ambitious,
feeing lb fair an Opportunity offer of inlaiging his Domi-
nions, immediately clofed with his Propoliil -, attacked firft
Rezsn King of Damafcus, whom he deprived of his Domi-
nions ; and then fell upon Pekah King of Ifrael, from
whom he took the beft P.ut of his Territories alio •, which,
however, inflead of proving an Advantage to .'■Ihaz, was
in Truth, a greater Misfortune than any he had yet fuf-
fered.

For the Affyrian Monarch forced him to pay fuch hcivy
Impofitions, under colour of reimburfing him for the Ex-
pences of a War entered into on his Account, that they
equaled, if not exceeded, the Ravages committed by hit
former ILnernies, and reduced the People of Judea into the
moft deplorable Circumflances. Thefe Milchiefs affedled
not only the I'cople of that Age, but their lateft Pofterity i_
for fltow they had fo powerful a Neighbour, who, at the
fame time, was fo tyrannical a Mafter, that they neither
knew how to bear his Yoke, nor had Strength enough to
fliake it oft"; and, which was thegreateft Mifchiefof all,
this powerful Prince, under colour of his Right of Con-
quert, kept E.ldtb, and thereby deprived the Jews of their
Indian Commerce, by which they had recovered from all
former Opprcftions, and which they never afterwards had
the ieaft Share in : So that here end all our Concerns with
them.

<). The Syrians were, by this time, become the moft
potent Maritime Power ; and, having all along been im-
ployed in thefe Voyages to India, wanted only an Oppor-
tunity of poirefling thcmlelvcs of fbme Port, capable of
being made the Emporium of this Commerce, in order to

{ Cm

' |%lXxii. 43. 2

♦•UMB. »6<

Chr

ifi. J7.

* I JCiigi xxir. 49.

• I Ki«p xvi. 6.
5D

g»in'

378 7k Difcovcry, Settlement, and Commerce Book I,

J; m\ \
1:51 '■* ^ *

m 1

I'iltettJ

■r'\

IV: I:

ill'*

viV.',

I' • •■ -c •^■

[',.iin it wliolly to tlnml'-lvis. This, lonfukrirg tluir Si-
tuatum, aiul tin' Mtaris by whiil) that Trailc h.iil hitherto
bctn carried on, was excec-iiingdilTiiuU i torihi- l.g\flit<,
anil thtir Ncighliours tlic Kthief'ittn.i ami Tro^hdytfU
wiTi- .ibfoliitily pollclVcd ot' oncSiiii.' ol thiMrj/'/uoliulph j
and iIjc othir was now intirily in tlic 1 lands ot the ^ijjy-
rians, and .Iraiians ; fo that there licnKd to be no rulli-
bility ot tlitir at tnipring any tiling to FiirjKili.', witiiout a
Land Koicc, *^l)ltll tiny ludnot, tho' tlieir I'ower was lo
Hr< at I'y Sia.

This the RcadiT will more cafily and tliliy (oinpri'lu-nd,
it hf I'onfidcrs, tliat tlay had thf whole Country ut PitU-
Jlixf, and tliat ot IJumeii, iKtwccin tlicni, and tlu -/r.»-
//i7nGu!i-h ; and that, on tlic otlKr iiaiuJ, tluy had tiie
whole Continent ti( Jfrici to lail rouiui, in eale they at-
tcmjjtal to er.tcr the Red Sea by anotiier Navij^ation, lup-
i'o(in;j; them to have, at that time, a Notion ot' the I'olli-
biliiy of lUch a I'aifage, wineh, I nuill conlel's, I do not
K'iieve they had. But whichever way we take the C'ale,
their Del'ign leenis to have Ixen obllructed by inliirnviuiit-
ab!e Diiriiiilties, whieh, however, did not deter tin iii Ironi
attcmjiting, or hinder thtin Iroin atci.ieving what api^ear-
t\\ to thtin a I'oint o! lor.nat Confcciuente •, wiiuh is a
ik.ir I'rot.t, that a Spirit ot Coirnv.rec isiapabU- of under-
taking and c.\cciitii)>; as great 'J'hings as a .Spirit ol' Ambi-
tion, or the I'hall ot C'oii(]iielV

7. They cor.lidercd, tli.it the lllliniu"; between th • . 'nu:aii
(iiiiph, and the \Icditcnaii,\:n, was vciy narrow-, and
t'ut if th.y were in I'otVeH-Dn ot any I'ort, en the .Siiieof
the Illhr.u.s next thtm, it woulii Iv no diiiicult M..t:er to
tranfpoit by Lanii the Merch.in ii/.c of the hiMcs tli.ther.
.Such a I'ort they tounJ, us it it li.ul l)cen pri|ared by Na
tiirc to tacihutc the Lxetution i>f their rrojcct, the N.une
of which w.is Rbinouruia, or Kl'in6co!nr,i, litiiated i.nt
f.:r from .Mount Cujiuj, m th'> Coiuinti ot Egypt and J\i-
l,jhH(.

'I'hc Occafion of founding this City, and I'ort, was very
cxtraorilinary. Some Ages 01 fore .'Utif.ma, King of L.tiic-
pia, having dete.ited ..mc/ij King ot Kjnp!, aiul lediKcd
his Country under iiis Uoniiniuii, taulcti all the '1 hicves
and Malefactors in h^ypi, wiio, by thiir own J. aw,
flxmld have been put to Death, to Ix.- afl'enibled together;
and, having tut otf their Noles tliat they might never
cfcape from the Mace to which tjicy were b.iniOied, ili
reiled a Town to be built tor them here, wiiicn, from ti.e
Lois of their .N'ofe, was ciikd Kliiiitorura, and there he
fixcil them. A drea.l!ul Situ.Uioii it was, in the midll ol
Dcferrs ; the Country aixnit it i.n^dlivcly barren ; the Soil
full of Saki and all tht \V;itus in their Wells brackiih
and bitter : Vet thele People, luing once caabhlhed, and
knowing it was a 'I'hing impofllble lor them to ekape, .ip-
plied thenifelve?, with fuili Dilii'.cnce, to cultivate this m-
hofpit.ible Ttrritory, that, at Lil, by dint of L.ibour, tluy
got the btttc r of Nature, am! | rocured for themfelves a to-
lerable Dwelling, whuh, in I'liKcli. ot J ime, w. is much
im[)ioved by their I'ofterity '.

.Such was t';e Situation ui KLuuorura, when the 7\ritms
call their lyes upon i:, for the St.ijje or Mart ol Indian
Commotlities. It quickly ap; cued how wifely they had
t.iken their Meafjres, ar.d how praaicable this Mctiiul
was, which ai lirll feemcd lull ol Dinieiilties. 1 o under-
Hand this perfectly, it is nceifiary toconfidtr the lorni of
the Arabian Gulpli, whieh, runr.uig up between Ara'j.a and
Egypt, fli(K.ts out into two l'(,:;ts, almoll at the 1 o\i ; and
diercby forms two klTtr Bays, .^r Gulphs, wuh a 'I'racf of
Country between them, 'li.ib klVer (Julph, on the Ara
bian Side, or more properly in t!ie Country of Jdumea, is,
by anticni Writers llikd t^tnui hlaniiiUi, or the Etanttc
Gulph, from th'j Port oi E!,itl.', or EUin, as tlic Gretks
called it, that (lands upon it. Whtrcas the Port of Efon
geber fttKjd on the Point ol land, that, by running out in-
to the Arabian Gulph, producd theCc fmaller Gulphs.
This running-inofthc Scallreight. ns the Illhmus lo much,
that the Land-carnage from ELin to khinocarkra could
not much exceed lorty Mil ,. At this Lill-mentioned
Tort, the -Jjiians lud their Mag.i/iaes, in which .ill thefc
*ichCiooi!s were laid up : And, as Occafion reqiiiral, and

they could 1 • brought with Adv.intagc to Mmkct th.
tranlportcil them tmiii tin r.ce tuiWc; an.! they wcti'th •
tither lold to luch foreign Merchants as relortcd to li"!
great Lniporiiim, or cllc were aj',.un i xportid into the W ^|'
by the PErniiian II ets •, that is, the Shipp n . m t of vV
only, but alio of b'idon, and ,ill tluir Cu|,,mes°

S. It was this cxtenfivc Commerce, that roifed Tyriu
fuch a I Idght of tilory, and enabled her to nuiiitun |,„''
lelt, tor upwards of eight hundred Years, in i,, y,„
Power an.l Spkndor ; Yet we are not tuconaive, tiu: v.
don was ablblutely ecliplld by this Colony of lieis ■ i„r J '
contrary appears, both trom tarred and prot.ne 'wn; ','"
'I'hcti.' Cities llooel but fixteen Miles dillaiit from caeli il'if
under ditVeicnt (iovernments but united by a Ibict .{'.
h.ir.ce. L.:th ot thim li.id its Prinee-, but tlicfo I'lii'ls
were t.ir trum Inruig abt'olute Soven igns •, dkywcriuiily
lUa.ls ot two potent Kepubliis, who were coiitcntidt,
allow them ;.II the Poinji ot I'riiuts, provide.! (,„
goveineil by Ijw, and .i.lminilUreil tlie public A;;.!-'
in luch a manner, as tli.it every Man's Property niijitb'
tiite. It waj tiom this Mikinrl!. ot their Govenai.ta'
that their Irade was fuextmlivei and it was m lont
ijueiiee ot this extenlive Commerce, that many pr.vatc
M.n anxingll them, lived in all the .Vfllueiwe ot I'niLii
ar..l tiiat tlie St.ite arrived at to great Power, as, bdiii
illaL.idung to many conlideiallc Colonies, to kco ui
l-^i«.t a uinlLint .Sianilii g Aimy, compokd of i!i:'urir,:
Nations tor their own Detenee.

At lail, whe.'i the famous King of ./^itm, NducUl-
ui-z...tr, had over-run all the Kingdoms in his Ndglilww.
hood, he tound iiimlLli unaLle to reduce tiiis City v\ ?.r:,
t.li alter thirteen Years Siege •, whiili is the liiuMgcll Icr.:-
muiiy, that a Spiiit ot Liberty, joined to the Adv.ntJiu
ot Commerce, is cajiaiile ol fupjHiiting a very iiuil
St.ite, agamft the loice, even of tiie greatell L;n;.r.>,
whieli Irldom kill lij long as luch Republics. It is from
tlic DeUnption we have ot tiits Siege, Uy i\i!/ii.k:;Htz-
z^y, in one ot the Ploj'hets, tli.lt we derive the Ki .*■
ledgi- we have of th; NVialth .ii.d liraiukui 01 t.'iisL.:,,
whuliare there painted in the moll liv.ly Coli.uisjurj
with I'ueh a .Vluluiude ot Circunillances, in relarion u i!^c
oiti'vrciu i'laccs wiihwlmh the Inlubitants of fyn- earntii
lai their Commerce v the vail Variety of tluir 1 xixri^irJ
ImiKirts 1 thtir wonderlul Skill in Ship-buildim; i ih:it
mighty M.igniticence in their pmate lliul>, ail ! [".i.liu.
Laiiues; their gieat \\ ildoui, in le.iving lo ti.e eth.r
Cit.es ol I'Laiiuiii tiieir prop. 1 Manul.wti.ics, .iiid .uuii-
veiiieiit Share (it Cunmicrve-, th.it it !.■. ;ni|uir.b!e toi.n-
(e;ve a better reguKited Polny, or a tjovenuiv.nt inwhhii
Things were more jjrudently, or more happily coivlu.:-
td' : I'or it was the Lnvy o[ tlkir I'lol'iieiity, wiA.h.-.u
I'ohiy could prevent, that drew on tliein thur Ut-
ilruCtion.

I). This Siege of 7' /v, by Ne!>uchad):ezzar, was emlcu.in
ilie Yiarot the \Vo:ki ^4^7, when he Uxair.e Mi lini
that Place. lUit luch was tlie Spirit, I'ikIi tiie In.ui'.fv,
fiich the Conllancy ol the 'lyrians, th.it they jTefirvcd
thetnlelvis, and their Repub.ie, in fpae of this M;!:or-
tune-, tor, as loon .is they jxrceived, that if was imi/ol-
libk their City Ihoikl elcaj)c bein;; tak':n, \\hen fu^w:!
I'oice was lo long <mp!uyc\l af^amll ir, th.y provulut, m
time, for the worll tlut could happen i .iiid, by tui.iwn-
ing thrir l.tlects to an lland, which lay at th • iJiilar::' ui
half a Mile from the M.)Uth ot their llailKuir, prrkrvcd
the gieaictl Part of them in a mw City, which they er-:
cd there-, and winch, as l\tbu<hii.lr.czzi:r\\x\ w Ma.):.'.''
Powd, lay out ot that Conqueror'. K -aeh.

■J'his was tli.it fyit, which ma'us 1<) p.reit a li.i;u'L!:i
the antient llillorun. i the Inlubitants 01 wuica piiUn-
all ti.e 'irade tin y had c.irried on, whi!ll kated on vx
Connn. lit, a-, well as the Port of Rljii:c\aura; and ci-"-
lequcntly, the Jrade which they had ell.ibliili.^ to tli- /'■
(ifts, .IS wc lh.ai henatur have lJii.i!ii)ii u ih' « '""'■■'■•
lar;-,! . But it w.is lu. . d'ary. lull of all, to run tliiu' tr
I Iilloiy (;t I'L.Uiiia, lore the ( ity ol />■/•<• w.ts rcn.'^'--
to an lllaiid, to avoid tiiat Conlulion in Chromlogy, i"--
whiiluhe K'.alvr ii.i..'lit ealiiy li.ive t.ilk::, if the ilii:«--

• Utah,. Siml. ili. i. Slr..lii), I,!/ mi

'' tuhilnKW XA»il.

/■.r

K...::i

Chap- ^^'

of the East I n d i !■ tj.

37i>

^„„tc5anaSt,ipM of tliii Commerce hail not been i>roi.cT- ilulV ruti.mU iraiinllanccs tlut f.cm aaiiKntilly to
I iiiliiiRiiillHil. '"*^'*' *leU|Hil Olilivinn, id' cciuputintr, witii ;;iiy l''.\'.icincfs,

*i'o iv /'iw«/V/V'Wiliil not *'"'>'"'■'■/""'> ilireaTraac ilic I'loiUi tl,.it iicriinl Imm \W- /),',/;,m 1 radc in tlicfe
loihc Inlui by the Way of the Arabian (iulpli, but .illU t.iily A|vs. It is, liowcvir, lliiriciuirly iliMr, tli.it it nuift
^^. ,1,' ihe £//'<«;""'•'. •""' otlur Nations, Katai on tlie have liuu prtidi^uiiidy large » lur, in or.cVoyat!;^ .''V/o/wa;!
,,Vr Siile of the (iul|'li. efiicii.iliy the '/rej.Wv/M, of is tiiui i.. |uv. MK\\\\yn\fonr hmdrcl arJ gty '\\\\^\\X% of
ttiiiimwc mict with many labiilous Aicoiiiits in anti>nt <ii'liii v.lndi, aa(M\liiiK tDthctomnv.nCunna.tations, made
Writirsihut wlut is known (jt tluin with any CVrtaimy, lonfuliMMy uliovc iluec Miihuns of our Monty : And
be rcilutcii to wliat^ lullows r^^l'he i rogloJ^'les^ wire that ihi- hki- I'lulit anrueil fumi otlur Voyai^i'S aj pears

^■^'•7 |>lamly, Imtli tioin the mi^-ility (iills b^llowcil by
Davi.l, Siilu.ik:, aivl du'/i-.Ty/) I'rmc.s, Iwr ihc nuilling
I't tlic IVmiiK', aiul lioin tin- Ol'f.rvation male by the
I lilloii.ins on tlu' Kiij^i of ScUmcii, that he cxcecikil all
the I'liatiH if hr. liuK' in Wealth, as well as in WifJoin,
•'liKmks by the Sea rule, wiKre tluyiliully luppoit^it li) th it lu'inali' SiKvr to be at Jmifakm as the Stones of

the Strei t, whieli is a metaplmiicil i'jtprclTi'in to iknot-
Its |;riat I'lviity, 'I'luiv is anothir C'ircunillanie wliiili
ff.'ins Itn lu'Jy ti> ronlirm the 'I'rutli of thisObi'erv.uion,
winch IS llu' I'riipdition, which, in tholl; Pays, there

' ,./oii the ./y/»i<i« Sule of the May, ami towards the
lirumitif it; Tliey were divided into tsvo dillVrent Sor;s

" Oik >ort of fh-m lived like the farl,:rs, in '['ents, and

nMillrtUliielly 0" their Cattle i the others lived iiiCavn

, ,;nl Ivis hy lilliinij;. 'I'lie toriiv.r Sort were a bold ami
jirJyKace of IVople, exceedingly jealous of thdr liee-
and hid a (Irinilar C uHoin amongll tliiin of vohin-
an I- lid to tluirDays, wiun iithtr Aj^e or
nude l.ile uiieafy to tlum, i.r ritlitr iraile was between (iolvl'aiid Silvir, in point of Value; ■;■,■::.
Hum iiidefs to Society •, and, it' ary of tliein, tiiroui^h /v/<r/H<) «i.v ; >So that Silver mull have been iiiuh more
Icar, ik'ljyed this too long, his Nii(;hbciur mii-lit put plentilnl tlun, than it is now, wlun the I'roportion is as
im 111 niiiul of the Law, and i)f wiiar, am aii'.ll them, thiit.en to one And tluie Icems to be siv.;t Ueali)n to

C Ml i

t..;iiy |iittii>:-
lr,ii:iiiiues

was tl'.icinal lus Duty •, .md if, after beinf, tli is a.!nu)
nilha!, he il'd nnt comply with the Culloiii of iiis Conn
irv, 1h' was put to Heath by the rdl : And it was by inir-
Ijiik; this llraiijv Maxim, that thele Trr^iodjics were
.liways a rolmll active I'eople, and had ntjne ai^ed, lick, or
ir.iit:!!, anidiiRll them '.

Siidi, again, as liibhiled by rilliiii!?, purchaiVdi tlie 1 ii^l
(1'

.ve, that the bringing in liieli valt Qiiantities ot (>okl

as thefe Niyai'is produced, was a new thin;;i and, tio;n
tlv ThKad (.1 till IliUory, it likewile appears, tiiat this
vall lldwol \\\ahh dul notiontinuc long, but funk con-
ikiciably alter the Dc.ith of Aj.'i-Wc;;;.

Mie immcnlc I'rolits of tins 'I'ladc are not only men-

tioned by the 'Ji',v:ll> Writers, but by the Gncks a!l(', and
thiir LouniiynHiis Uealls by way (.i I'arter 5 and, wiih pait.culaily by DieJoiits Siiu.'itf, who relates at lar;,e the
thck', ihcy traded on tiie (;pporite Coall, lur IikU (iocids Aianiua ul \\Mikinir(iok|-miiKs on the Hordcrsof i:/Z.'V'.'' •
awhcv altcrwatds fold to the I'iwmaan Mevclunts mthc andtakis noiice alio, tint (iold was found in great i'knty

A;.'.\j, fiT llich iron Inflruments, and other Thini^s, .is in dillirciit I'aits i<f ..V,;/',,/ \ which C'ountrv, liurini;;

tliis

ii;.y'..3vlOccal:oii for. IViiod, and lonij altir, was rii',,irded as a i'art of

Tlitre is one Thinf; to h.- obfirvcd in regard to iliis India \ It would be an cafy M.itt>r to collect a Mul ;-

IVuixlof Millory ; wlmhis tiiat fucli Nations .:s (iiga^^cd tude orCiicunillanecs liom and; i.t Writers, to prove the

111 LW.iiii.ice in tlicle diftant Parts ol the World, tool; vall llulics th.it thclc N.itions wire polTeHed ofin thofe

abtnJ-iiccof I'aiiis torci)nfcnt the Inhaiiitaius ill a teriiblc 'limis. Hut, ,is that would di tain the K.ada- ti)o long,

l.ii;iif, for wliiili, no doubt, they Ii.id many Hiafons-, aiul l,v\ u, Ivfulis, into an unnecelTary Pit^reir.on, I fliall

kt iriiKipally thele : Mrll, that it enhancid t.'-.j Value of content inylilt svith a linnle Inll.incc, that aril". s immedi-

th.ir C'uinmoilitu s •, tor, wlv.re People run iii h Uifques, ately liom the Siili'ieOl of tins Sedion ; liz. the Cololius ot

int enly Irom the Seas and Winds, but alto troin tlieir CioKI, which KdtubadiKZzar fet up after the C< nquell of
L'uiiim. ice with Ilicli HaiL.irians, it was n.itural forthem to
tvi'd lan;e Returns to balance thife Imonvt nieiicies.
>".uiiuily, by fpre.uiin;i; th. le Kiports, iluy deterred othr

Na:iii,-,i from cndtavi-Liiiig to inteilere with tlum in li
lu/ard'iUs and dangerous a'l'ralHck.

Itw,.^ the more ealy tor tiie rbanicians to inipol'e th.li
."^^ison the reft of the Woild, becaule the Greeks \s\\\
r.r..ra:ly credulous, and lU lighted Ixjth in inventing a;u

.',( and y\.''7,'/'((" ' » whicit demonltratcs his luvmg ac-
ijuired pri.ihjyous Trcaliires by plund.cring thefe C'nu.-trie';,
in whii., ,'s the Ke,u!er has lien, the i\iche<', I'.erivcd
t!\>m th; Iw'ommuve, h.id Co many Ages centred

It is nnpo:Uble to fulpert the '1 rudi of thele Relation.s

t-ivd.it ot I litiory in gi n.ral i tor

this or that Nation, who have rc-

'die V»'riteis<>f all Nat:oi;r. are

without overtuinin;; t
ii is not the \\ tiimsi 1

falilcs ; fo iii.it whatever till y wir.' tokl by ilie

:i:

cordul tlu li' I'.u'ls, . \ ■

agreid a. tti the I'ruih^ tl.mi. For, after the nclliu..'lion
f;. .■.:..w, tlay not only lelieved the;: ill i.\s, Init took ot t!i:' ,/;o7.,.i; Mon.ucliy, the- Perjlu'is bec.ime poflelled
t'.; uninft I'.uiis to make thele .^torii.scin.ula£e, by drelllng of them ; v.hm the l\ijLi:! b'mpire was overturnei!, they
tiKin out to the bell .Xdvanta.v. 'i'liis very ilcarly ap- tell into the Mauds ot the .\utct\lo:\!i:s ; and wlien the
loni the Works of the d'/vi/' \Vi iters that are yet K:i'|',dom ol .\!,ht:lai w.is lonqiuud l>y the Ronuu.s, they

(XMiit, in which we fin.i a Multitude ot thefe marvelleus

Circumftanct' , told with the utmoft Gr.ivity, oft.n ,u-

ii'i: pmie-.l with ni.aiy Arguments, to eiilorce the liehef cf

luciuxtuurdiiiary Uelainais : Which liaJ, for many Ages

f^ifirwt ail blTeCi, that tlie molt ablu;d and inipiob.dle

Ficiions were rccuved implicitly ; which, no doubt, coii-

inUiUii jjrcatiy to hiiuKr the i Jelire of ni. iking Uilcoveries|

•^a! \v;b tiie tllcntial Real m, why, tdl the 1 ime of ..'.V.v-

t"-.fr the Cire.-it, even the moll l.aiiuil People in the ther is it iii

\W;rld were fo little accnuiiiteel with the true St;ite aiiti

ti.i;:itiun ol Louiuiir:, at a Diltance.

II. It is veiy ..videni, from the laifls laid down in this,
as ^vdl as ii; (he former Scdicn, that, even in the e.ailielt
••^.gwo: tl,c WorKl, Wealth was chielly acquired by C'om-
n-crte; ar,d tli.it likli Nations as u.courageil I'radc, W(re
i;udi more toniider.ible, aequired moie lolid Strength,
I'le ir,jimaiiicd their brcedoiu much longer tlun thole tii.it
'•'■i'^i-til intaely on llrong l-ortreffes, and numeious
Anr.;tb. It ib icrt.iin, that we are in no Condition, liom

bee„;iH' M.iHcp. of thefe Trealiir.s •, as in the Coiiileof
till. Woik w.' Iliall parlieul.nly t'aew. Now to believe,
that .ill the I lilbiciars ot the tc dilVercr.t Countries fliould
criicur, ai eilUoni lime, and with very iniper!ecl Ac-
lountsol wli.ii 1,.1'h ether had rel.;tid, in etuie.ivcuring to
impole tipi'ii I'olliiity, is a nunii n.ore incredible Ti;ing
than tlie 1 a.'i 11 would dil'prove ''.

rile Souri e ul thele Riches we have alre;idy lliewn ; nc:-
icull to accoui-t tor the .'Scarcity of tlold and
Silver in liuc tdinii; 'I'imis. Por, lirlK tiie .-'upplies I'rom
the rich Miius diifioveied by Sclow'.n began, in a g:-ear
iiuafun, 10 l„iU in the next P'ace, tiiefc Tieaiures
which, for m.my Aj;es, wcie coni'ned toa lew Cout-.tries
were, .liter the Uliin ot the Wcv.?); Impire, difpcrfed all
over /■«/(/'.■, anvl an^oiigll many Nations that li.id very
litil (loKI or Silver amongll: them betlne : Helides, tlu
bulling, (,l lints, and gi\at Doall.itions cf C< untiics
whiih folk.Wid fri 111 the Piujitiins of tlie Co:l\', i itiid,/,'.',^
Uioi.'i mA vului baibaiou.s Natcns in the Will, and ct

'!■ h'uiSUul. /,/r, iii. <• 2, Si,„h, /if:x\\lf. -r)S. r/i'i. Hiji. S.it //it v. '' 1^ .-.fn: Si,:;.' ii'- iii f i:;

"'CMhi. Imu^f, Willi Its I'ldill.il, is laiil to be iiiiictv l-ril higli ; Ijul wc ic.nl, m i)/*A.ii» */..,.'..'■ !i.e>j|ui l!oo'<

«- ;'•!) l-'e t lii^li, ;i,.J^;,j,it,iii,i.a ;i ,li,,ui:,i:j /;„/,/j„y/j 1 ali'ia. i.t lioW, vWmli :iiihi>ii.i , ,ii li.e Icnvill V.c;p;-ut.llioi',
'-.: ei i,.r Mcuc/. -^ ii(,u!j. I'hi, -Ul. l,j. I'M. ^.(.V/. ,U, >....■, ,

' £.>.; .v.'lii 1.
tiK.t thi-. l:ii;!>;o alont;
J !:iicc.\l:ei.'iii .iiul iiii

III

I i.i

■^So

TIjc Difcovcry, Scttlemciu, dtul Commerce B(X)k I.

tlir .Vjnnm, Tnrls, tnA rr.ruin, in tlir I'art, having five Prolifi dr.iwn from the Commcrnrf. /rtf/,,,,an^l ;,,,,
M.!ft..! .«ml»iillr,.val a I'.r.at I'aitof the (JoKI aiulSilv.r whuli tli- AihIioim ii,,l m tins .StM,..ii nport. But '

With which ill ■ Workl K'tiwat'Dumleii ■. this indtiml th.it ' - ' '

• •RM' >Si.iivity it' Ixitli, whiih .iltcrwarvK (nfucil.am! whiih
till' MiM s (il Msice, Ptru, .iikI Wr(t//, have not a^ yet
111.'' n .i!>\ liil!\ to rf|air.

I nvpht ailj to ail thi^ a ticw Series of FaAv in relation
t.i th; iiniucnr W'lalth, ami jiroiligious Kcvcnius ol the
[■'.illirn Moiiar h% even at tiiis'lliy, an>l partinilarly the

now tiinc to rt liimr the I hrrad ot our Narration
(hew, how a gnat I'art of thi» Traiic (ami: to bcilivmij
into a MiwChaiul l>y the KilV of thr Verfi.n Fnn,
whit h is to I'c the HiiCini I'l of tin- next Scdion : Ani' b'
ih " ■

Milt II IS to I'C tne iiiiiiniii iil tin- next .Scdion : Ani' h'

he I'n-I". union ol tins MetluKi, wc lliall acquire nf.J

Lights ami grtua (Vrtainty, with rc|Tar(l to the M,,|(e„

ot Fat't laiil ilown in iliii ; lor, ai thr I'cr/i.m wen'

.men
PiUrrr

iim.i/.inT I'himUr i-t tlic .\/fir«/'s Ticiliiry I7 Jhimas Nrii;hlvnini to the //;iv«/, and, in the I'rojrrcj'j ot th '■

Kan!i Kmi *, Init .1 wiy Kw Viars .i;.'o ; which, a< they Comjuefts hciamr Math n of a Hart otthur Cduntn' 1",

woiiM .i(inni,llrat.-, that tli.rc an- Ihli as prcat Funds of thry ilnw troni thciuc, in I'niiiortion, nine'

KmI W.alfh in thole Coimrticf, woiiM certainly Ix: a ra- vant.ii^ei than their I'reikTcflbrs hatUlonc.
lijnal Ar^uiii r,t, tii.it there ir.ii^ht be torincrly thole cxccl-

• Srt Fnxir'i aaurate Account of iliat KxptJIiion.

<iuntr\', 1 1

■f ' •(

mm ti

S E C J I O N IV.

Of the Indian Comiiurcc urJcr tL rtili.m Emlnrc,

\. T.'" A'',<- cftl\- IVrllans, ./)rw a fruiH I'rorin:,-, /-; //v Empire r.f th i:,i/l. j. O/i tl: T).Hrucl:y:'i^
Ual\\iun, till t/.h- M:ii.y u'fiJ CcU Vbtc iWiciiuU ly Darius. •:. Tic C'.)i'ju,:jl c-/' Iv.ypt h Caiulni.,'
Kibicb ruim thiir \ni\\\n'Triiflick, 4. Daiius Ilvllalpcsyi-Wi S^\|.i.v, <» (Jieck, Ho^vntic AVvir liiju,
i'1'1 the Otiujn. f. L''i./cft.!.u-s ttnd i'.mp!.tes tlr Lo»jtu-/f cf t .■ Imlian Piovitun ti-lj'.inifi^ to^QvL.
6. Xtr>es, lli' liill (ij tl,- iVrli.in Miiuircii tl.uit miuM-J M,irit!iiie yi/f'tiirs. 7. Tlii CouJud cnlilii
ti/i.l aCi-cii/iti;! /Ir. 8. 'The Iiuiian Hi/iory of Ctclias, Mhitt it icru ii'iiiiihiit Ih-^ny r.f CiyJit it j,:
('•rrcJ. (). Ofhii- /lii'jh/its 0/ the huVxs liithi/i thii PericJ. 10. 'The Jifn'iiUir I'oyiigt -i) \Mx\\i\ih),Jr,i!i
r.iliiupi.i tj t.'.e Iiu!iw->. II. A great Mixture of •Imth ■u.-itb thej'e extriiwigtint liefort!.

J, r B ^ H !■• i;r. a: Coaquells of Nehuihadnezzar, iii-
■ rtcaii o! efta'.ililhinj; his I'.mpire, jirovcit the
JL Kuin <'f i: ; tor his Son bchavcii to ill, and
treatui his Nii^libours to haughtily, th.it he firll railed that
Spirit wliieh iirixlueeil the Rum of the /tjfyrian Monarchy.
This iTiKcck .1 fioin tlie tlol'c Coniunttion of the Mfdts
and P:iJi>iHS, Nation., that lay immediately Ixhind his Do-
minions, and wtrc M that tiinc very little known in the
World, ;mil f>)r whofeantirnt IlilUiry wc arc Hili much at
al-fll'<. Wc hnow, howLVcr, thu Pcr/ia, in thcfc early
Ages of the World, was but a very finall I'art of that
Couniiy which now [vjlTcs iintkr that Name. It w.is, pro-

Ixrly I'l'i .iKiii;.?, no more th.in wii.it is now cont.iined in the
'rovincc u( J mj, Iwuiitled on tlic North I'y the Kiii^di)m
<A .\k.l:tu oi whivli rerliia was then a I'rovliuc •, on the
Ea(t, by Cje/wdM/a i on tiie South, by the /V'y/rt« (iulph •,
and, on tlie Well, by S.iji.:::a ; a.id, cvi n within thirfe n.ir-
r.)w Bouiuis. there wtre many tiitTcrent N.itions, ju tiiat the
tx.n.1 Seat of th- tiri^.iul Pcrfur-.s canhanlly !"• aligned.

Hut tlieir Min.irtn Ctriis, who i!ii!royc ! the .Ijfyrian
F.mpac, txt n'ied not only his own Authority, and the
Power ut the rfr/inns, (iViv all iiis Nii<;hlx)urs ; but like-
wife the very Name of Perfij, which has compnhenilc il,
ever fince, a very larg;' Tra;!l of Country, vi which
Proper Pcrfiit, as Ix-tore dtltribcti, makes only a fniall
l'r.jvincc; For tlu Per/:.} u\ the Anticnts, alter th- Ueij;n
(>\ C.yru>, w.-.s !x)untied <.:i the North by the Ciffnifi Siix,
and I'art ol S ^tka : On tlie l-,ail, by the InMnn Nations:
On tlie Soutii, hy the lKii:t:» Ocean, and Perjinn (iu![ih :
On the WiO, by t!ic Kivirs iMpbrates antl Tygris, an
high ki lij;e of NtjUiiumi, .mil the River Araxis, wliich
fells into tiie Cajpan S(a. The ai.tieut Perfiam were cer-
tainly a wxj br-i\c .i;\! warl.ke People, for wliirh they
were (Xtren; ly well fitted, by their hardy and laborious
Curie ol I. lie. Th'.rt is fcireeany Inftance in Hiftory, of
an F.mj .r..- I'o cpitl-ly railed, as t'lisof the Pa/ians, which
was ori-inally dtlij^ned, and abfoUuely pcrfedted, by on-:
Man.

Crtis was thi" Son of (Atmlyfa, according to Xencplon,
Kinj; iA Perfia, but, accoriiin;; to other Writer^i, a Noble-
man oily ol tiiat CtAiiitry, by MnitJana, Daughter ot
Jjlyaga, King of the Medes, to whom the Perfuim were
tlicn l'!;!.j;.iii s. I le was <4' a m.iriial Spirit, and had
witiial !o fir; at WiUlcm, that, liemg employed by the
King ot Maii.i, his Lm-lc, a» General ot his Army, he,

in the Space of twenty Years, intirely cnnq'iercil /r '••
.fia, Ufpcr-.lfui, ami all the Dominions cf AV.%it.D,":.
zar, whole (iranillbn Niil/en>i,liit.<, was killed at the tAir,-
o\' Babylon, in the Year ot the Worki ;^6.', ortliTc-
alwutsj and thereby cftabliftjcd the 7'i7/,t»/ linpirc: Kr
he loon after fueceetied his Father, and his I'lule, in k'l
their Kingtioms •, .nnd thereby attained to the lar^-rt 'mj-
vcrcignty that hitherto h.ui In-en erci'hd in the l.all '.

2. It was abfolutcly neccl1'.iry to Hate the Heginniiv; of
this I".nipire cle.irly v lor, having fo miiJi to I'ly vi! the
SuccclTors of Cyr«j, who lirll brought the k.liain Vth
Sight ami Acquaintance ot the huroptiins, it w.is rcijuifi::,
that the Nature and I'xtcnt of their origir.al Doniinior.)
fluiild be known. Cyrus delivcreil up the Puik'iiijh fni-
pire to his I'ncle C<jr;tt.(, King ot tlie .Vi-..')-.', who dJ
not long lurvive it ; but, during the time he did live, Ci-
rui maile an Fxpedition into .Vvr;« and P^p:, buth \\\-x\
Countries Ixcame tributary to him 1 by w!iicli he jjoiiw!,
at once, a great naval Fo:ce : For t'le Pkrni.imi link-
ing that Ix had required nothing trom tlicin lietrinifntil
to their Interdl, or Commerce, but, on the contrary, v.i>
willing to regard them as his Allies, willingly .icceptal th;.
Comlition, antl afTilleil him ami his Succeliljrs with thc.r
Fleets, as long as the Perjian Fmpire lalled.

.Imcfis, King of E^ypt, fubmittetl, on the fame I'ri>
ciple of yiekllng a titular Homage to x\w Perfi.m'SV-
lurch, and relerving to himfelf the Obedid'ce ot his Sub-
jecis, and tlic full I'ofleflion of the Kingdom i which «A
at that Tim.', accepted by Cyrus, who Imight to lettli '
F.mpire ;is loon as [lolTibK- •, and therefore required notu...
Conditions trom any. While Cyrus was thus empluyf '■
abroad, Darius the .\kde, who relliled at h'.'.yl.-'t, caulK!
all the iminenle Tiealures of the .IffyriiM King< to ''J
toineil into Money, which, trom luni, riceivn!

Name •, ami the Pieces of Gold were c

allc! D.uKS W'!

Halfdaric:, which were nor muth unlik. our ( luinfJ' . '>''
the Dark weighed but twf) Cirains more, but in V.u: ::
came nearer the Jacobus, heiaufe the Gold hail k.'.ru' inv
.Mloy : And this ct)niinuid to be the current Moi^y ^''
the Fall tor many .Ages \

Some of the greatrll Wi iters of Antiquity allin, that
the lalf I'.xpetlition lA Cyrus w.is a.',,>inl! the Mepl'"-^
Scythian Nation, gnverneil by a Uomaii 1 and nut ni! •>
F.xjKdition he was kilkil ' : But Xoiopkou .ilkrh', tiJ'. '
dial peaceably in iiisBed, furrounded by h:> 1 iieiiJ>. .^r.

Xir ■/ ';» Vjrr}^J,i, II. I.

* iuiittti in 'Voj- Jec-H^'f

UntAim. Uiiiiiiiiii SiiMh

r^ui.

Chap. n.

of the East Indies.

:^8i

hitlwmi to confirm this I.1II O|.inion w a l-'aft, in whicl
ilWritiTs auric, that lu» Hotly was intirntlat PufagarJ.

whicli

round ilic Cuafls ut /ffrita. This Voy.ise S.y[!x j-cr-
formcil III thirty Months v ami, ^.(,ing tiDiii tht ii(f r<) Sn-
fa, where Danui then kept hi-. Court, he nuilc a lull Uc
iHirt to hwn ot his Uilcoveriis i and laid liel'on- him 4
I'lan tor rhc c ledting hisdcligiu-d C'onc|uc(l. In order to
this, it was nciuilitc co iiavc; a conlideralilc Naval Forte,
and that, too, manned liy IVrtims of Kxpiriincc : And
therdoic Jhnui made ule vi the l^rianf, who wtie Ik ft
Haiuamted witii tliat Navi(j;ation, and, with tluir Airill-
willii iirohaWy. beiMui'ethcy were ddirous of (?cttinn aiice, hioui^ht a nunicrous l-lxt upon the Coall, at the
nJ ot tilde Kivali in I'raile, which elVeOtuaily aiilwend finic time that he entered the Country with a {jreat Army
(liiir I'lidi l'"'^'^' ''"■■ AO'/"'""-' "*^ver altir recovered their by l.a;id.
Frailom, nor were p.imitted to meddle with the Indian An I'.xpedition, undertaken wi;h fo much Care and

"'•• •••••-•"- ^'•' ■• '■> ■ ■'■ ''■' ■ Precaution, lould hardly milcarry '. In ihort, tiie InJitms

wer. luiKlue I, liecamc IVibiitarics to the Ptr/ian Kmperor,
and piomilid to turniOi him with a conliderable Hody
ot Iroop', wluiuver thty wi re rei;uircd l(> to do: And,
b'dldes till., ihcy paid him yearly ^(io Tak-nts of Gold ;
that is, a lalent lor every Day, the I'lr/ian Year cor. -
Hii, Sucvcl^ m this l'.xix;dition, tnj(;a{.',eil hini in an- lilliri^ then ot jbo IJays or.ly. The Eidok Talent, ac-
tiiicr againll tl.c Etbiopuim, in i\hich, hi.wiver, he was tordmij to which this Triliutj was to be paid, was, by
wry untortuiute, lolinj; the bell I'ait ol iiis Army, and the lowell Computation, wortii upwards of ^ocu /. of

our Mom y, and, lonticiu; ntly, this J'ribute amounted to
\,i)(y„uu > !. Slal. which is one of the I'rools, we pro-
mi led to ;.vve, of t!ie VVialtli of thisCountiy i aiul how
Hicat an Accelllin of Power the brin[!,in{/, in fuch an an-

ill

*" Qi, hi, Dcnjit'c, hii Son CamiyftJ fuccccdcd, from

«li!m 1>»''J^'< '^"'« "' ^'"'•^''' ^'tf'*'f'=^ '"'' Ol'filicnce i
^i|ij, priKliiccd a War, in which Cambyfts became viflo-

,111^ ihidly by t"llowiii|;his l-'ather's Maxims : I'or, upon
lilit tX-Ulioii, h' made ule of the Fleets «.f the Phani-

.MS who turnillicd him with as great a I'okc as he touKl

Conimiue. This E^sftian War Kavc Occallon allii to a
frejiy Ivtwan this Pirfian I'.mperor, and the Kin^^ of
liut I'Jft ot Arau:.i which lies iKtween Palejline and Efypt,
»iii), 111 Conlideratioii ot a Subfidy paid him hy Qimhja,
turni'ihcil his j\rmy with Water, which cn.ibled him to
iiurJi iliro' the Dcferts without any Dirtk-ulty *■

..■ryi--

Ivin'.'ouliij'd to retire, without doiiiR any thmnionlide
i^k! lit had an only Hrotlur, whole Name w.:>, SmcrMs \
oiidlirii, tivin an ill-[',i'ouiided Jealoufy, hei.uitid to be
niurJiral; I'hf lad was done privately, wliiiheave an

Oi)(H)rtuiiity t(j one ot the Mai^, 01 t!ie lame Name, to mial Supply (4 itiches niuli create, at a I'inie too, when

Money lia I ao great an In:li:cp.cj as at this Day, we may
ealily conceive. There is no doubt, that this Conqu^ft
imcle way alio inr a much liecr Comnurce ;',moir', ths
Sub-'Cls of the Perjum IroviiH-cs borderir.g upon /;;//w,
aiKi tieir Nei-iiibours the Ii!.!i.:':f, tlian in termer 'li;ne>»
\\iii(:i ''/eatly coiitri'ivited to the Advanta;;e of all the
Su! ji Hs of tliat iMiijaie, even thole v. ho lay at the ;';rcittlt
l)i:,a;iC.' boin thj hMej. \\e need not only coniuit the
Ciri'ik 1 Iillonans, to be thorouiihly p.rlu.ided ol thi"^, who
iveiywh.re ccni) lain ot the Force of the /V;y/.w (joIJ,
th.' In::ueiue ot winch had more druullul l^.tled', than all
tlu- iniiirary I'ower of that ivi.duy Ivinpire '.

0. Ai'r.M'j, t!ie Son and .' uutlior of Z)<Jr/'.7j, fpcnttlij
grcatitl i'art ot ills Keigii, in Contclls with the GVci'itii
and, railing, on this Occalion, many puilVant Armie% he
demandcil, ai'.d obtained tVom the Indians, a Hody of
'i"ii'ops xNliith llrved in l'.:veral I'.xpcditions. He v. as .1
i'linc.-ol <5rf.tt pcnonal Abilities, and fecms to have had
b-iter Notioi'.s ot the Confequence of a Naval I'orce, than
any ot his .'sucicirois ; For he int^nv'cd to have lent S,i!(if-
/•is, his .Siller's So:i, witli a Fleet, to have fu: rounded
/Ifrica V but, being occupied by other Atfaiis, he let tall
that F'.xindicion, and wit'.i it Hems to have llir.k all
I liou[;lit'. ol makiiiii; a I'lj^ure on tins Side : For, nutwith-
II. iiKliiii; ih.it /V/y;(( 'scxccedii'f;!y well lituated for I'rade, and
that thele i- niperurs mi[j,ht c.liiy have ma.le it the Ceiitiu
(f all the Cemnv.-rce ot the Fall, yet, turniiv; their
Thoughts in;irely towar^is Etircfc, they ncgkcled what
might have been fo very a.ivaiitai;eeiis ^

Nay, tlv.y carried their Indit'cretiun, in this relpeift, to
a D.gree much iK-yond Negligence ; tor they made it a
NLxiin ol their Policy, to hinder, as far as they were able,
all Navig.itii.non the Perjuin and Indian Coalls, by choak-
ing tome ot the pimcipal Kiveis. Jiut, on the other hand,
they encouraged tiie Commerce of their Subjects witli the
Indians by f.and, p-erliiading thenilelves that, by this
Management, they fliould teciire to their Subjefts the Pullel-
fion ot tl.c imnienle Wealth they drew fjom the I/Jits i
and, at the l.ime time, prevent any Invalions by Sea. I
is liigiily pnib.iLile, ihcy were led to take fuch Meatures,
by the tiiiiueiit Rebellions ot the Egyptians, wiio, thty
aiiprchcndiil, might be too powei fill tor them by Se.i, in
cite the tiee Navigation of thole Co.ills had been allowed
them : And this accounts for the little Knowledge the
Greeks, and .ill the rell of the World, had of the Indies,
iiotwitiillanding that a Part of them was adually become a
Province of an Fmpire, with which they weie to w.ll ac-
quainted *■.

7. It is very difficult, notwithftanding thelc Rcafons, to
comprehend how the Spirit and Genius of this Fmpire

iKTionatc th.it Biother, andextitea Hdieliion. Camh/es
iL'turni'il into I'erjia, and, going to atta, k the Kelxis, had
tlie Mhlurtuiic, as he w.is mounting his 1 lorle, to h.ive
hn Swurd fall out of the Scibbard •, by which he rect ived
iWiiuiiil in the 1 hij,h, and diol ot it in a tew Diys.
hir.iu (iiloyed the Fmpire lor lome tim • •, but the Lh it
btiiigililcoviied, he w.is iiit olVly the Pri.ictb i-i Pejia,
and Ihrms, the Son of Ihjiafpes, who w.is Go\ernoi ot
ftrfii, was raited to the Fhrone, in ili ■ Year b- lore Cbrijt
5:1; Ami, to give An Air <jf liercditary Kight to his 1 a-
ni'.y, hi.' niarrad .Itofi the Daugh.cr i,\ Cyrus .

4.. lliis Darius was a I'rince ot great Capacity, and
griJt Ambitiin. He had always abund. nice 01 Strang -is
ai'out Ills Ceurt, efpei lally Greeks and Piivniunns, whom
heciiiploycJ (ireier.ibly to his own Subjects, in many ot
hi) IXlifiiK. He wa-i particu! rly lUidious in the Inlarge-
nicntoi iiis l)oiviini'':,si and, having alre.idy i xti nded tlr-m
h'xti\ the HnrJers ol S.yil.'ia, lie lornv d .1 Diligii of in-
vi.ii ;; ,i;al labiiuing the ncighbouiing Naiions of /;;;//Vj .•
Bll•, Ulure he procicdcd on to hardy .111 I'lultrtaking, he
Wis lilt. rminc'il ta b' b:tter acquainted with that Country
li.iii uiiier Princes ii.ul been ; and theretore, in the tliir-
I'.-itii Ye.irof his Kcign, he ordered a Fleet to be built at
L-jhyrus, a City on the Kiver Indus, but on the Frontieis
ii\ iijibia ; and employed one .SVv.'fi.v, AQtriaii by i'iith,
olthCity ot G(n.;;/f//(;, to fill down the River into tlu;
Suitii.rn Ocean ; ,md then to return, by iK. ring Well-
>U'ili giving liiiu Orders to m.ike the ktl Dilioverics he
cuull, as to the Strengih and Riches of the Countries on
i>Jh Ibiilcs of the Kiver, as alio of the Sea-coatl, that he
migiit be Well apprifed of the I'oice neeeliary to execute
tr,h Uefign, and ol the Y.due'of theCoiiquell, when made '.

'I'll'.', 1 lake to have been the firlt legul.ir I'xpedition
tint was iver made againll the Indians; and, without
cwi'ut, It W.1-. very wifely contrived. 1 his great Prince
had been Uiore dil'.ipjHjinted, in an F.X|)edition he had
mWc ag.anll the Scythians, from whuh lie n.iirowly
(U|icili but, having conquered 7/'r.u<r, in which were the
riiiiill .Silver .\liacs then known in the \Vorld, he was very
tl<i'iruus ot Ix'iiig .M.ideralfo of thole Countries, in which
(jui.l was ti und. And this appears to h.ive been the prin-
cipil .Motive to his undertaking the Comiucll ol the nearelt
I'art of India.

3. Styldx executed the CommilTion, with which he was
iMrulkil, with equ'al Skill and Fidelity : And, luiving
jiallul down the Kiver Indus into the Ocean, he returned
by till- .Streights of i/di.<'/»w«JJ, .ind the Red ilea, landing
on the Coall of Egypi, near the Place where the Town ot'
Suis now Hands, and from whence Netl'o King oi Egypt
m furmerly lent a Fleet, manned by Pbanidans, to tail

f I'.'^'f./i-', lib. vjii.
'>■:■■> PiularJ,

N f .M B. XXVII.

' Slraha, lit. w. ' ll/rojil. lih. iii.

» Hirtdit. III'. 11. ill. JkJUh, lib. i. ditl/tn^ui, lib. Xlii.

5li

'' A'/./ lih. iv. • !J.

.-.■Jilt. Cttjitii afiul Atl:tnai.fii

ftio.id

' ' ■ -''i

PHp'-'''

m''i ■,

Wti! ih

m'' *^' "

1''.

■i'li:

'. 1 *■ * ' ■ !

|i..:

1 . i

; I.

1 '

581 7/r DUl-ovcry, Fcttlcnicnt, ^iful ComiiKTCc B(K)kI

'\j<'-v ;i

1 4, yj^i .

llunill iKiis fink at cmrc, .in I witliii fo fniAll » Sparr nl'
I'lmi ; Il n, hi)W vcr, id Ix- lonliilcrml, tint, muKr ihc
k(ij{ni ^)iCyruJ, Cimhfij, ami D.irius, ihc ('rmimr /^r«
/'•Sjiitit Jiff v.iikil I wliiTcai, in lilt liKiPfiling kriv;ii»,
lunuihs .iMil \V<-iv.cii h III .1 lar^c >h.irr ot the Ailmii iitr.i-
iiDnol Kmpirr, from whom weak C'ollmll^, il irk Inir:;;iii^,
arul a l'i)|iiy IouiuIkI wl\i>lly on !• \|ii-ilunis, w.it to U- rx-
|>(.t<tt. I( was III C'diiliqiKiu'i' ut IikIi 'rranljctiiiin, iliac
tin- C oiirt .iiul Iviiijiirc wire ulualiy involval ritlirr in li-
iiit LoiifiiiumK, iir open Rrl)clliiin>v winch are .S(aloni
when Si-ji pnliTvation HCiinnet the I'laie ol extmlivc
IViji'its, .uul nlliain^ iviu l'rini\<, ui unat AlilitiP^,
Iroin ililli;i^;uilhi:ij» till iiiKlvf^, an thi y otlurwili- wn'ikl.
AM tit thi^, ihur ill SiiiM-N in llic C'omliKt ol Mar;ti:ne
Ailairj m hkr^p.; wIutc, alter a Imii^ ami ti' Imus SinicKlc
With till- (/Vi'i*., *h")i)Wiil .iliivll .ill tluir I'owrr to this
vay *«trii); ;k- tor tluir L.i'xtiis thi- I'frji.nis were lonril
10 li.liiim ii> .m I. t.tiDini* I n aty, by which ili.y ^.ivc up
not inly iln'ir Uoiiumoii, Imr ilmr Uij.',litol navij^.itin[^{ in
tlioliSiis •.

I h:s inii'.lif, an I viry p:(il<il'lv ilid, give tlnni liuli .1
Diiguil to N.ivil Com cms, tl'Jt tluy ihole ratlwr to piir-
li'i- ih- Maxims tl the //.(M^.d/zCjoviniimnt, wliuhln-
^.tn ill' l'.at.'tii.i- iit'ilMakiiiK up navij<,iMc Kivcrs to pn-
vciit flic Pirgrr 1)1 Iiiv.i(i.iin, tlun to think ol illahhlhms
liiiha MariUiiif Korcf in ilw/di/./wOrcan.as iiii;;!itpiot' 1 1
the Comm'.ric ut' their Siiltjuts. Bi.t the nu.li l.iul Im-
ror in their I'olitic*. aiil that uliuh, in tin- ImuI, pro.wl
th Kuiii i.f tliiir liiipire, vas tlieir Ci'i.liilciue in thur
KiiiiiS ; lor, Klicvin;.', that Nl my wouM ilo i vry iliin;^,
ami tii.lliri; nu're to tluir >kili in Bnbiiig, aiul tluir Abi-
lity in hiir.p I'.re-gn Mciten.iries than to the Bravery
aiul Dikipliiie i)t iheiriivvn 1 r> op?, whiih, nutwitlii'.aiul-
ing th^y were txcetiliii^-Jy luinunnis, weie mvirtormi-
lianie, tlicy ixciieil, by tliiu ililplayint; thin WiMkiul's
a Spirit in t'liir I'.iiiini', to inulcrtake an^Uxccut what
ctiierv.iu tliiv ntvtriluiil havraitiinpteil.

It was iroin ihi. r; 'ol iit Hilpoution, an. I i.l I'l'v of
tluir VWa'th, that all ili. t')iu;'n Commerce ot thiir Do-
minion--, was larriiil on hy the I'hviiicianj aiul tJie (iii-fh,
iipcn \v;!')in thvy .iid a conllant l)epi.ni!in,v, lor whatever
reiatal tu Maritime AiViiu, tiicir ow;i Su.iiCks leiiij^
wholly trnjluyit:, eitlicr m the Working ot Nliir.s, or in
that l.ihntl Iralhikwuh liie Indir.m, ut wliii n wj have
bitor'- Ij ')kii, ani liy wliuh they t;rew in i.iime'ifely rill,
that whcM Xerxfs mule his threat Lxpei!:ti>ii into drfne,
Pylliiis, til'- /.>//.)«, is ncouk.l to have koi p'ilUlled ot
two ihour.n.l r.ilmts in Silvir, ami ti.iir Millions ot Ha-
riisin(iokl, whirh, taken toi^itlur, anuiwiiteJ to near fix
Milli'ins o; our Muney. \N'i- nre i not wunJtT, therctore,
tliat the <,";•(■';/, wh) wifc an imhillriuir,, warlike, anJ p, -
mtratii'g Nation, alter haiint^ <j;.iiiu-il repeatil Vict^rus
over the t'tijun Annies, lanie, at lall, to torm Deriyns
of attacking a'i.leoni]Uirin^; tluir whole Doinaiioii'..

S. Tluy were ehiJiy iiilii.'atiil tu this by t!ie A^!-
vanta;,- ■< tluy hail o! knowin;.; iIr- interior Comlitu-n ot
that l'ai)|!ii: with th.' yrtar.ll i.;rt.iir.ty, by tlu- meai-.s ot'
many "t tluir Cour.iiym ii, who were einiiloyiii an, I
triit\i.i I y the Pn/i.t/i Mor...i. lis. Amon^;!! tiuli- tiiere wa.
one Ct/i.ii, 1 I'hylieian, who was in ^^-.at Creiiit at the
Ciiiirt ot .lrl.i\frxfs, that ii:v!ertook to write a loinpiete
llilliiry ot" tlu- Artairs ot tlie I' all. This Man liaa lirll
a'teivVil in the way of his I'ri-ttllio;) upon ()ius tiu'
younuer, who was Htot'ier to ./rttixirxfj, ami whoerulea-
voiirevl to ikthrone hiin, b.t was flai'i in Battle ; in which
BatiV ..'rtitxnxaU'mii'ii \s.is won: iled 1 anil C:./i,is, Ixnin
taken I'nionir, wasknt tor to atteml him, aiul, le.ng lo
lucky as to mre hi,n, l.r was tuaineii .is his itomellie I'hy-
fiiian, ani live,! with hhn in th.it (jiuhiy leVintien
Years '.

In tliis Sr;:i')n he hail t!.c C)pj«)minity of Kinfultinp the
Pfr/i.vi K;. .Ills, .Jul inq.,inn:', ii.to every thiiH^ th.il'was
re<](ii't towarils tiirnilniig hnn with .Mati rials tur Ins m-
trmkdl liltnry, which he eompokil in twenty thn c B.),,k».
Otihil , the ndl (ix coi'.ta.n a! r.\ .^CLount ii th;; I iiipiie

1)1 thr //(Tyitiani ami Bakylomam, from the Time „( •■
am! HtmiKimii, to tin abl.>ltiCr iMlriklmn ol that I '' ""
by (uui I thi oihir livmieen, the Allairsol ttv /■, ,
Mona:. !iy, In-m the B.-p.innini', "f «!>«• Kriitn ol tlut ' '
tomn .or, to the tlnrJ Vi at ot th-- niiuty.|,hh()|'|^ ' ,'
wliuh was loimulent wiih the Yi.ir Ulorr thrill ^ *'
II.' wroi'. allitan /*./jr»« 1 lilhiry, <oiitaiiin(;jn\,' ..
iif all that h.' h.ul Itm abh- to karn idtiieriiinu |hj/^, "/
tiy, unil Its Inh.aiitanti, liom the i'tr/i,i<n. Mn. j^,
(ir,y* Writ.rs ih> luit ^iv,- a very g xkI tharichr ,,( |i.'
Author, or ot his I'ertorni.uu-rs iiiKiially ||„. i^ii „, ,.
lioneil Work, which tluy nx with l).in« l.ihiilni, j,,!
rreihblev which is very probable, lime lir rcniv,t',|
his liilormatuins trom I barlay. We h.ue (b|| |,,mr 1 x' •

«it till. Woik rxi.iiit 111 the B<'loks ol /W/«t .irul .//^,./> !

whuh turn tullv to inllity the C.nriiin tlut kw' i't
jMikil iiiHin It by liijhtU ami I'.'m.inb' ^ Uit h.v^.j^!'
liy siiiilo, who calls hiin a not'irioiis l.yar, and ir \il\,^l
a, a Tiil'm unwortliv of fredit ' : Yit he, and other Up!
ler>, tie«|U'iitly loirow from him fiich r.iirt|'r» 4, |^,,J
moll proKil le,

riie Ixfi.i.ts th.it wc Oill have in ourlLimh, t,;„.f,
litve m .'ny «!' f»rce to our l'ui|>ol( ; .iml ihrrilDri' *,' |),ji
not iruii'ile th- Kt.iderwith any (.^iiotatuins u[«,n tiuT
But, p' rh.ij's, it m.iy not Iv amiis to ohhrve, thjt it „
was Mulirud to apoloi'i/r lor tins Writci, ime ini"hi'li;'
j^fil lome Ihtiip in h . 1-avour : I-or Inllame 1 it inr.y
iL.ir, tliat th' Ir !• xii.iets win imde wiiha View to ii.i'tf
till. 1. 1 iiliire ol Ins b( inp, a labul His \S riter ', and tlurdir:
We li.ivi ^;ood K ..Inn to iloul>i, vsh'ili r tliere ni!"ht rot
Ix- abiiiu;.i,uc i)» valudtk l*allii<^is in his Unting<'\:.i, ,
are ktt out, as not ai.rrtalik to that l)eli;.Mi. jn' (i,,. r,j,
I'lice, It may be obletved, th.it tlioii|di he w.isinilbkin!,
mn.y I'hiii,;", ami r pril-nted moll riiin;',s in too l! ur/
a I aght, yi t it is very e.il"v to ilili rrn, thti'i:j;h iii.iny ( [ h
Mdl.ikis, a (irouiul ot 1 rutin and, perhaps, it wc hjj
h.il Ills WritiniiS intire, they would not kive appe.n ,1 n
any thin;; 1. ar lo lud a Li^iit .is iIk y do .it prdint. \\t
iiii^'it alio add, ihat, in Ionic- 'I'hin^s, he has \y::n con-
ikiiih'-d Without any lull Ktafon, (I'pcii.illy lor Ins ilirtcr-
inp, with //cr»i/i/wj, who w.is lonutinu s in ilieWrri^i
Will .IS he. On the Whole, how lud a Water li« w h'
liiij'hlb., he w.is certainly ot I'.ie.it Ule to hisComitrv-
men, Ixiih livinj; arul di .ul ; tor he render' il tin m vcy
eirntial .Scrviics in thi (-'uiirt ot the I'ojhiii I' mirror l::(
Mailer ; w.is tlircoiiltmt .'XdvixMte ot all tluir .Suits j ii!
leldom lolicited liiir them without liirctt.

S(»(f'hcn, who W.IS as good, or perhaps a b.tter fuilg:
otthis ,\iithor's M( lir, than any other Man, lincehcMj
U'llon.illy .uijuaiiiteil with him, and had a very cum: ri-
lunlive Knowledge ot Verfim /XlKiirs, ya Ipeaksiit (./^/.i;
vMih great Kelpict, and ■;ivrs him a very tair Character ',
though he hail re.ul his Vnfuvi I lillory, an.l law Kiali.n ri
ilitVir trom it in many I'lans. 'Ihire are lonu- etir
\\(.iksot our .\ut'u)r, mmtiomd by the OVrti I liltdii!'",
whuh are luli, and whi. h we have great Realbn torfgrt.
Om- ot thcle was a lirt ol general l)elcrij>tiun ii Af\a\ .'.n-
otlur Trcatife ol his was upon Rivers, and tl/h wi- finJ
lomntcnde.l by Plulanh K But that which might \w
atlorded us greatt r .Advantages 111 treating ot' this IVriml < t
'lime, W.IS Ills I'reatifc ot the Kevenues ot .^./. I'orwlu.h,
trom his kilidencc in the P f i/ian Lourt, and the known
I'uiutuality ol tlut Nation in making up tluir Rccor.:*,
wc may, with great I'robability, ru[>pole, that he ir.i;','ir
luve vny good Mati rials-, ami that it w.is iiul'.cda vi-rr
valiKible Book, a;>p< .irs trom the Author who citis it'.

'I. It IS very evident, even trom theC'enliirts j-iiiel

' / -....-..., ., — ,

11) on Clr/i,is, that the Crffkt ha.i ionfulu.J>'e Intorm.ir "n^
as to the Allans ot /;;./;.) Iroiii many o: her (ji^i.irtcrs: .•\i.i.
It IS not a dilFuult .Mait.r to coiiciive, how they imi;'''
tome by them •, tor, Ix-liiles tluir ( orr.-riwndence v.'i
the Pit/ian Court, they had continually lonli.icraW^
Bucli. s ot Troops in /•/v/>/, as v/rll in the I'ay "t tli-
Pir/i.ins, asotfhe E;Apttan I'rimes, who reUllcd .iga.ilt
th. Ill ; w hii h aflurJcd them, .ioub'.ki-, many Opportimitirt

• I).,.! ..:,,..' ri-u- I X,n,:/,., 1h'I,.1\,i AV.V
/ 421- '' Hi;', flit mat. Ill>,\m tap i^.Ptut.ii

» 7

■■rtzit, Chi!, i. H.ll 1. Smlai .V/.«i».
4-4'

. P,J;r.Sittl.:i!'>''1-

<' III,:. 'i',.c. ''!• i-t ')'■

Chap. U.

nf the East I n d i k j).

58J

cl inqiiifi'M'

• into ibi' Arroimrs whiih, in r.ulicr Timri,

1, /l,/«/M«' hu'l riKivtil <»» the IndtM). Tlu-y h.ul lil<--
ir I very lliK'l InieuiHirfi' with ehr -r^riiins, who iJill
"'xfVfil, i" viitur (il th<ir lliid Alhjiuf with the /Vr-
j^'^.'J ,|,^t (.onim-ru' whu h lli-y hail littli.l wuh tlic
/ \'tf in tlir iiunmr wr \\.\vc ilfUnUd in ihi' Kill S^'lion :
,W, '« 111 thin IVniKl (it Timf, t\\i.- drttk I <Mrnin;', w.is .it
ifi'mtflt lliMnht, .iitd a- Mwiiy "t thiir l'hili)li>|ihi t» .mil
I 'iti 1 1 Mi^" tmvrllfil iMiii ihr nwW ihltint Countrii 1, piirrly
lor ilw Ul^f "' Iiit'Tiiimi"". *<■ 'Mn'Kit doiihr, thut lo
airioinin.l 10 ul.hil a Siihjc.n ilia|.(a them.

|[ |s howrvcr, triif, that lonn- ot thdi) ti>ok llirh ,1
Malwii'l m rrLitiMK thnr Diliovrric^, that it ii nntraly tn
'ilicrn wluthc-r they iiittiulnl to writi- 1 lirt()ri^•^()r lal)lci \
ul wimh we ''•»»<• ln"anr« in thf Fu(',nunts th.it llill
tc:m:not .W«». '•"■ (''''•'< l-aw-r.'viT '>i .lihtHS, wh« wa«
ill I J (;rr.it 'IravdlcT, ami (JHiit a !on|.', time in h^ypt \
*lu) hrounht home tnnn thrnccan .Account ot al>iliov(ry,
nule I'V itic AO'/'"'"'''. "* «" lllaml, in a fir .lillant Cli-
mitr, tqually ru'i, Icrtilr, ami |iKalant, ami nniaikahlc
tm the lingular Maniins ol if< liihaliiM-its. Plato, ihc
inolKclilitated i'hiloto(ilii'r o( 0'»f<'. <•, took Oaalion trotii
hfncf, I • com|x)lf a line l)ialo|'iic mum thii Suhj, Yt • ; in
*huh he mtriKliKfi Solon, ami an h^spiinn I'nll, diC-
toml'mn mxiii thin Pikoviryi ami tluriM' •' .-i u^ a
lunp anilciitiTtainmn Auoiint ot this new lil.iivl ot' .7/-
knus\ lut, in luth a nianiuT, that it has Ivrn, to this
Ihy, a C^idlion, whithir the \S hole l)e not an ilrg.mt
hition. AV«5/i/w», who wan oncol tlic j'/avcrt Millori.inH,
ami, without Ciintrovirly, om- ot the bill VVtitrrs .11111. ng
till' (I'rcii*, has a!l<) !',ivcn liuli a Torn to one ot his Ix It
hTlomunccs I mean his (Srop.rili.i, that I'olltrity h.is
Ixin .it i Lol's to know, whctlur it was to be iiri Irrftooil is
a llillury, or a Konianic i ami the latter Ojm, 1011 li'cins
to have (irevaiKil.

Y(t, It is hij^hiy proliablc, that there is a pn at ileal ol
Tnitli, mixed with I'.iblts, in Ixith thd'e Works v ami
t'lit iliar Authors, thoiw^h thiy had rluetly in Vi. w in-
ibctinj; tiuir i<(.ulirs in moral I'hiloliiphy, nii;;ht, not-
tithllimling, inlirt many Matt.rs ot" lad, as tluy really
lup[xiial : But how to dilliiii^uilh tliele, is a <^idli()n nut
tiiiiy aiilwiTcd. 'I'lurc is, however, extant, 111 .1 (hrck
HJUfun, tiu Hillory ot a Voyage, iimlett.ikm in .1 iin-
•rJ-r Manner, and as lur|iririii;;ly exeeuied •, which is
r.L:t.l in a pl.iin and fimjilf .Stile; ami, as it teems to
halt ItMi t!ir lirll ever m.uie to the liutifs, ol whieii we
li.!vi- .liiy ihiinet .\ieoUMt, I Ili.iJI ;;ive it the Ue.uler .is near
aipolFihle in the Wcrds ot tiie .\iithor ; tiie rather, Ik-
i. ;■, thoui^h It is very eiirioiis and entertaining, yet I do
VI'. r> nicmlxT to have teen it in any of our C'nlleLtions ot'
Vi.yi.;.'s, at leal! in Its lull l''.xt( lit i and, without t.ikin^;
in j:i i;sC'ircunillaiieis, it is iinpolllble tor tlie Ki.ukr to
a;:rc.'niul it elearly, or to |>al'j a ri^-Ju Judi^jinent upon

10. There was one f,iml>ulus, who, from his '\'o;;th,
WB aikiicteil to l,earnin<i; : llis l\ither was a Mereh.mt;
nif, a!ta his IXeeafe, he applied himreil, with •i.ieat Dih-
f:r.cp, tothe I'aniel'rofeirion This Man, tr.ivelliiv; into
.:Vjt.,j, inordir to piirihale Spicis, was there taken I'ri-
I'flfr, with all Ins Company, by a I'.irty ol K<.bbcrs. At
fi'lt, hr, and one ol Ins C.'onipanioiis, were employed in
^it\»f, .Sheep ; but they were loon alter i.irried olf by the
LtHfiiins, inh.ib;tin[; theL'oall, who conveyed them into
thir own Country, in order to Idee a ve: y ex:raordin.iry
i'i.r;(il'c. For thefe Lliiopians h.ul a C'ulbim, which hail
th.n liibnihd fix hii.ulied Years, ami w.is orii;inal!y ile-
wd Irom the Dinctioii ot an (Jr.u le, to expiate the Sins
Uthi:rN.itiuii once in an A[',e, or (lenerarion, which witli

t-'.tn; mnpnhcnded the .Sp.ice of thirty Ve.us, by expolintj
two .'"[rangers, in the ti.liowiii^ manner.

Tl-'yiir, pared a little Vdl'd, well Iniilr, and extrenn
*lliViippd, wiJi I'rovili.iiis lor fix Months on bo,
'; »!i.ih the .Men were put, at a certain .Sealim of 1
■'^M With Inllriielions to Iteer directly South, 111 order

Tl-'yiir, pared a little Vdl'd, well Iniilr, and extremely
willujuippd, wi'.li I'rovilu.ns lor fix Months onboard

the
i-dly South, 111 order to
j'f'Vc.;t:uvrt.iin furti.nate Ill.ind, iiiluibited by a kind and
"•i. .hie iVople, with whom they iriii;ht bve hapiiilv ail
t- rat ot ihcir Days. The Or.icic declared, tliat, it tliefe

' ti. Uiul. AiUuJt.

Mtn fiiarrdril In tli' ir Vny.ige, tlic Cr.iintty woiiM rnjoy
Heft and (^iiet tor many Years i but, it, lrn',hiril by ilm
Danirf rs ot the Si a, tliey Ihoiild ret'irn, it was «,mir<HH to
Eihi:,ptd \ .iiid, theretiire, thi y tlinar. n<d I'lmltiini, nnil
his Companion, with the f vtrdt I'lmillitivits, in e.il' I'uy
ilid not prolt'cutf tlmr Voyapc. When th' Sealim ol the
YrarLime, the A//'i<7i/rt>« leKbrated the I dlivjl of I iir-
gation with nioll Iplmdid .S-icritkcj ; and tlvn, having
tiowneil e.uh ol them with (iarl.iiidi, they put iimOttlus,
and his Companion, on In aid the V<Mcl that had been
prep.ired tor tluni, and obli^<d tliem trj put tu S.a.

I hey Were tniir Months loU'd by the Winds ami
Wavi's, fxtore they .irrived on the C o.iil of the lllaml to
which till y Were ImuiiuI \ at length ihey rr.iclv il it lately.
In Us I'urm it is almolt round, biiii^ about live r!ii:utand
Stadi.i inComp.iN, loiitaininK alxnit live hundred of our
Miles, it' we allow lix humlnil St.u'i.i to a l)(i;ree. As
Icxin ,u they rame within Sij^ht of I ,and, the IVop'e on the
Ill.ind crouileiion the Shoie, to behold them : .And, when
they landed, Multitudes came tmiii all (^laiieis, to {^.i/.o
on, and admire tlum, wondeiinj;; how they came thither i
but tre.itinf; them with the iitmoll- Kimlnd's and Livility,
and olli riiij^ them, with the ^reatdl Keadiiiefs, whatever
their C'ountiy alVorded.

'I'lule IVople dilRred not .1 little from other Nitions \n
their .Appearance, as well as in tliiir Manners •, for they
were .ill ol a pri tty eiiiul Size, e.icii ot them about lour
Cubits, or fix I'oot high. 'I'hey bent and turied their
Bodiis with t'uch .A(;ility, that their Hones leuiied, to our
I'r.ivdlers, as llexible as the Sinews (;f other I'eople .•
'I'lieir Bodies were very t' nder 1 notv ithlbimlin(; wliith,
they were lo Iboiip;, that wli.itivir tiny graljv d, could
not be toiced out ot their I lands. On their 1 li.ids, l:.ye-
biows, l'.)e liil', and on their Chins, they h.id I lair •, but
the rdt of their Bodies pertidiy Inumth. 'I'hey were
handlome, and wdl-lliaped •, ( nly the Holes in tluir liars
were much wukr tlian thole ol other Men, and had tkfliy
I'nitub: ranees in them. 'I'heir Tongues were veiy l'iiit;ii-
lar, kii'ij; by N.iture liiniewliat divided, and cut in their
Intamy to the very Root-, fo tliat they teemtd double ;
whieh eiwbled tliein tu imit.ite tlie Note?, and even the
Chaiterint;s, of Birds : Ami, if our Tr.ivellers lay true,
they could dilcourle with two I'eople at once.

Tliis lil.iml is liutatid in a moll excellent and moderate
Climate, lyinii; viry m.irthe I'.qiiator ; lo that the People
are neither t'con hal with Heat, nor pinched with C'okl,
eejoyint;, at ome, .ill the Seal'ons, without any Pivilion,
like luis ot Spring and I larvetl-, to that, as lUm.r lings,

Here ripe tviJ )^ri\ii, nf once, tbi'ir I'niils appear,
.Ind iigs aiiJlinipcs ,.i- t^<ilkr\{ through the I'ear.

The iXiys and Nights are there.ilwaysofcqu.il Ix'iigthj
ndtlier n there any Sh.ulow ;-.t Noon-day, becaufe the
Sun is directly in the /eniili. Tl ey air divided into
Tribes, .according to their Kindred, and into dillincl So-
cieties i yet II), as there are not .ibuve four hundred admit-
ted into any one I'nbe. They live in Me.idows, where
t'ley are plentiiully fuppFud with all things necetl'ary for
food, by what the I'arth produces ; tor the Fertility of
tin- Soil, and the Temiierature of the Air, arc kkli, that
Corn grows thi re ot itU II.

I'lmty of Calamus, prob.ibty Maiz, grows there, whofo
Kruit is like to white Vetches: When they luve g.ithereil
it, tluy ileep It in hot W-iter, till it puH's up to the Big-
nels ol .1 little I'gg -, then bruiting it, .ind rubbing it in
tlieir I lan.ls, tluy knead it into Uough •, and to b.ike and
eat it, being exceeding fweet and delicious Hre.ul to the
T.iUe. J here arc there both hot and cold B.iths, which
are for the curing and preventing of Dillempers, being ex-
ceeding fweet aiiit iileafant. They are lamed in all Sorts
otScienus, dpi Cully in Allro!ii[';y, Tluy ul'e dght-.ind-
twenty p.n ticular 1 .tttcrs, tor the cxiirelling wh.it they
me. Ill, compoled of leveii Cii.iradcri 1 e.idi ot which is
varied tour Ways. They live long, witlu lit ever being
fick, ami commonly to one I, undid and li;iy Ve.us ot

'' Vij.hf. 5(1 a. '1

II. I.;,". ^.

, <■/■<.

fucli

5S4 7^?v Dilldvcry, Settlement, niul Commerce Book I.

mm '^

1 .-':«

Siic'i ai an ..i:iv, or liiw any oihcr W^aUihIs or In-
firmity of Ho V, aicordiii;; to the tivire l,.iw ot their
Country, .ire 1 ut to Deatli. Tl-xy write not rrols the
Sliett, as we lio, I'Ut h(;;in at the 'I'op ol the Ixat, anil
lb, in a ilire^ I. me, i!o\Vn to the Bottom. I hey liave a
I-iw, that thiv may live to UkIi a evrtain Niimlnrot
Ycar^, when, tlu.' il.irce (xpiied, they ihlpateh thcin-
lelveN hy a llranpe kinJ ot I )( atli ; tor tliere is an 1 lerb ol
fiieh a N.i'.iire, ili.ii L:,rows amoni; tluni, iipi-n vvliiili, it
any one 1,. s down, he filiiuly pilli'^ .'.way, .uu! dies with-
uiit ..i.y Sii.l"- ot i'.;in, as it lie weu 111 a l'\wi.t Sleep. 'I'hey
never marry, but nuke nicot" Wuinen proii'ireiiouily •, ami
breed iij) the Children, fo bey,otttn, wiiii equal C.ire and
AflVciion to one, as well as to .iiK>tlKr: The Children,
while they aie Intants, are oti 11 rhaniijed hy the Niirles ;
ll> ih.it they laniiot he kiio>sii hy th ir .Mothers: ;\nd
thcieloie, by that nuaiis, tlierV 1 einj; ro Ambition
among them, they liw- in fireat Co.-.ewrd a;id Amity, with-
out any Sediii Ills or I'limiiltb.

'riure are Heails amoiifr tlu'in \\ry I'mall, but of an ad-
niir.iLI; l'ro[xrty as totlmr Kit lii, and thee.xccllent Virtue
of their lilood. Th ir lio.lits aie round, and lomethjig
li%e to a Torioife, divided by two .Streaks, which run
i!o.vn ihe Buk : Ateaeh l"nd <.f every Streak, thiy have
an lye, and a Mouth ; fo t!iat tliey have te.ur I'.yes to fee
with, and four Moiiths to feed w;t'i : But the Meat they
cat, is conveyed throU[^;h o;ic Threat, and thence ir.to the
Belly, the cotmiion Kuci t.tcle of all ; and fo, in like
m inner, they have but one Gut, and tiie relt of the inner
I'art'. : Thev li.ive m.ny Feet, placed round their Bodies,
and make uf:- of tli m to l;o on wiut .Si.le tht v will. 1 here
is thh won.'.erous \'irtue in th; l?i')Ov! of this Cre.itiire, tlult
it prerertly, in an Intlani, citjl'es all Wound.s in cvny
Body that has Hill Life in it 1 and if a Hand, or any other
Memln-r, that is not viral, be cu; ofT, by the .Application
ot this Blui).', wh:lu ti.e WoLin.l is yet green, it ne.ils up
again

'riure are yerta'n [ireat Birds kt pt by rarh Tribe, < n
purp.ile to try tin- lunpers ot their Children ; tor they Itt
them, when young, upon ihole Birds •, and it, in tlymg
in the .Air, th y lit fall, and without I'ear, they brin{^
them up i but, on tlie contrary, it their I barts fail them
th.rough Cowardice, they cal\ tluMi away, .'.s uiiwtjrthy of
living a^y ioii^.T, an I u liit tor any b.xeiafe ot tlie
Mind,. Th'- antientL'.l Mail ofc.uh of thefe 'Iribs com-
mands, .IS a K.in;;, over tiii- lell -, but when heh.isactom-
j)hl)ied tic .Age ot one hundrevi and titty Years, he is
ob'i;^ed to k'.W liimtelt, a;'.d the antientell, next to him,
fjrceeds in th:- Funcipality. I'he Sta that wa'hes tin- Coalf
of this IHand is vei y ilormy .'.lu! temp'.ihiuus, but the Wat' r
ot it is not l"a!r ■, y -t, by ii.il'on ot ta;s ,\i;;tatii);i, the 'J ults
rite lii;;li, and arc very irr !;ular -, t::e Conl\Hations about
tlic Nortli i'ole are Pwt vifihic here.

It is neceliary tjinionn the Ke.idtr, that there fecms to
be luT'. a Cii.fii in th.- K^'ation-, at leall, lb many Coin-
mentat;rs th;nk. But, pjiliaps, t!ie Reader may tv of a
ditVerint O, :;.ion, aid k-l.c.e, t.iit the .Author is only a
little al-,ru;!t in lus manner ot b.xprefTion. He givs 0.1
thu* :

Thefe Ifl.\nds are liven in Numlier, equal in Bif^-
nefs, and ot the tame Dulance tr(jm one another, and
th-.- I'aiTic Laws and Ci.lloms are uteJ in all of them-,
and, though th.fe lllands aSbrd I'lenty of I'nivilion, on:
of tie- n.uural (jruwth of t!ie Country, to all the Inha-
bitai'ts, yet t!;ey ule tliem not iuxiuiou'.ly, b.it are trugal,
and take only U> inn.!i as will f rve t!ieir Turns ; They do
ini'.e d drefs lur themlllvts l-lefn meat, and all Sorts of
Victuals, b-jth roilU'.l and b iilc,! ; l)ut tor Sauces, and
otlier itohc.ite IiiV ntions of that Kind by Cooks, anil the
various I'alles and .Savours contrived tor curious I'alates,
ihcy .arc altogether ignorant of them.

'J hey worll'.jp, in the lirA pim-, the whole Irame of
I le.aven, Ixca-jle it i(jmpreh;n,!s all Ihings -, and, next
to th.i;, till- Sun, and then all the cclitlia! Bodies. By
various W.iy. o! Finuiig an.l I-'owling, they (atih Lilh
and l-owl ot ail Sorts. I ji.re are among them abundance
of Fruits, Vines, and Olivc-trces, whence they draw {;reat

Qiuntities of Oil and Wine. There are lurevirv
Serpents, which yet do no Harm to anybody, nay ',;"'!'
Flelh is gooti Me.it, and Iweet. They nuke il,, Vr ('' '
menis ol a lolt line Cotton, contained 111 cert, an \<^x^ Ti
Canes. I'his Cotton they dye with the Shell-tilhe/can
Ollrelles, made up in Balls, and mixt ,ind wrought amoMl
theXNooli and lo, witii great I'ams, nuke tin mfdv.j
(larments ot a purple Colour. 1 he living Craturcs hr-
are ot luch ditlerent N.itures Irom all otiurs rl if n, 1
we in;nt:oii th.m, it wouKl lum iiicndibie, becaulctli'v
areuinifu.il. "^

I'luir way ol fee.'ing is accor.ling to a prefciibij Ki,'
for they do not cat ail Sorts ot Me.its t.'g,t!i-r at one i i
the tame time, nor always the lame; Kit, upn ilmn-UT
ta;n l).iys, Filh ; ii,)oii others. Fowl; lomftimis i'--
Flelli ot Landc.ittle •, at other times Olives 1 .m,'
on other lliys, very low Diet : They help each uthir ,,t
tluir Callings iy 'Funis ; Ibme t inploy th nilelves in hih.
ing, odnrs nr .Manul.ictuics, and I'line m other ii.in's;,
ufelul ..nd jrolit.il le ii> the Ci'inivonwcalth. Sum.- rx^r'.
iilejiublic Offices, txctpt thole who .in- gi own old. Um
their Fslhval-days, a;ul invoking their (iods, they ult-
br.ite tluir I'raills in Songs ; ctj-ccially the Sun, u wWn\
lluy d.v.jte themi.lves, .uul t leir Mand. Tluir l)ci|
thy c.iri y to the Sia llu re, at the ball ot t.'ic Tide, cwcr-
iiiLi ticm w-.th a little .Sand, ihar, .it the time of full.S«
I lea; s ot .S.ir.d may U- raifed i.igha i.pou ihein. Bdc
Canes, whence they g.i! her Fruit to cat, .ire .aSuit an Incii
in I'liicknefs. 1 hiy a'iirm, tluif, tuw.inls tii. Full i^n,-,;
M.,011, they inciLalc i ai.il, towards the N; w-tnoon, thtv
proportionalily d.((real! . 'FheWaKr oi t:u;r hot -Spri.-E;
IS Iwcet and whii!lon'i , m\xX iver lomir.;:, warm, nc\.r
growmi; cold, Uiiiils n W iiuxid with \'> in.-, 01 i,u
W.iter.

Attir Itimh.'us, aiul lis Ctmpai.ion, li.id rortir.uf.l in
this llland, levcii Years, they were rompelhd todtiur;, as
I'titonsot a vinous Lite, and not f b- brukeii ol lor.ra
Cuiloms. 'Fhiir Shi|) tlurclore being aiMin tittui a:
lor ihcm, and Will luinill-.ed with I'mviliuiu, thev vt:.-
(onllr.iincil to put to Sra ; ami, alnr comimiiP!; i.hr.r
\oy.,ge tor .diove lour Montie, they icil, at Itrgili, uiw
tiie landy Shallows ol Imim, where liis Cnnipajiion wii
ilrowneil, and l.imlell was aftei wards tall aihore r.rji
leitaia N'lhage, anil c.urieil aw.iy by the liih.ihit.iri:s 1,1 ;:,:
I'l.ice, to tlie King, tiuii .It a Ciiy called l'.l;,:c:L:^yr
J'cHmhilra, many Days jiaiiney dillant Iruiii t.'i-.- iu,
wh.re he w.is kiiuily received by ilut I'rir.ce, whohiij
gnat Love !or the (ire:iii»s, and was lludiMis i:it:,i-L:-
b.ral .ScK iKcs. At h-i'.2tii, having oLitaine.i i'rovilioii Ir, in
the King, lie full tailed ii.to l\r/ia^ .md fn in thence u'..
arrivtd 111 (.jiici:. It was lii-d:i'.Ui liinil.i!, wh-i e..'::-
initted the Suh'taiKC ot tins Aci o.;:it to Writing; sr.J
thereby lommiinuated to t^ie Woild nuny I'ar'iailirsn
relation to liului, wliuh wire a'li hirely ur,k".own ft^r..

in the celebr.itul Collection of Voya;-es by l^np
J\r>:)i:i/:;j', this Voyage ot lamki'.us is in;eite.i at Urge;
a.-..l 1 luve been wry carJul in KimraiingtlicTra.'-.llatiur,?.
.As 1; u the Culli'in ol tiiat Writer to uiui'i.ite tiie K.a-
ti'i: s h- ink Its, hy l)ilciH:r;es ol lusoun -, in whkli. wi:,>
out Duubt, he has givi:i tlie l.lglatl l';i;::. of his Cjp-
iity, .IS we.l .is Dihg.nee, fo m that, upjti tins Noyap-.-, t-
has I lien |)ccuhariy caietul, not milbng to liis own Juiipii:.'':
aloae, but !uviii[!, rtcourle to a /'i.r/;/:j.-.'r/V Ciintlftnam!
his .\i quaiiit.Uice, uho h.id betn long 111 the /«u'/«, «''*
pett.ctly aequamied w;tii the Navigation 111 t'lolc' .''fJS

t!ic Se.ilons 1 1' t!ie Year, and tne Culbm-.s and .Man-i.:>
lif thf I'eople, to whom he re .id over his Iranriatii n ' :
this \'oyage, in order to have Ins Op.nioii as to the I'U'-'.
anil, as to the Adventures ti;.it arc ineiitionrd in it. 0"
tins F.xaiiunation it appeand i leaiiy to tin ni, tliit t.c I'
llti- ul pf allngly luipii.ioj' ihr l<r.uli-rhad | i(,.:ua-i. :- •
extiaoriUn.uy l'.itiages in tin, Nan.moii -, i>i;t tiut. ni''
the \\ hoie, it w.is liighiy proiiable tin- L.w-.!ift I'art 1-
was tiui i and lo much tlie nv re inoLal f-, hfJiie, ' ■
fidiriiig the Lights till y had in lluil.; D.i)., it wa^ 1 ■ '
poli.ble lor any Man to leig,n 11

, y»L

mi dtiU S'lm^aliiiii: U I'ui^:, p 1-4

chap. 11-

of the E A s r Indies.

38?

As the Def'g" °^ lambulus'i Voyage was to purchafe

c„ifC5 in y^iti^' 't » "^ ^'i'*'y .^ *"'"'='' ''*'*" ^''^

Xi Sea to the famous Mart of Zetla ; and in going to,

r returning therefrom, might fall into the Hands ot feme

(the waiidring Inhabitants ot tliat Country, wlio have

lavs lubfifted by Plunder : The Circumllancc of his

7, ' tmployed with his Companion to keep Sheep, is

u,hV probable-, for, according to the beft Accounts we

hve ot thofe Nations, tlut was the only Service, in wliich

' vwcre iiicc to employ them : While they were thus oc-

upieil, tiie fecond Misfortune bcfel them of being ftollen

li thc'coaft by Ethiopian Privateers ; which was alto no

uniifualThing II) tiiofc Days, efpecmUy among the^rr«^/e-

^yii, wlioeimched thtmfelvcs by this Practice

After he
OTs'takenb/ thcfe People, he was carried into the mari-
time Parts of Lihiopia -, which is a very general Expreflion,
theSenlcof wliicii is not cafily fixed.

Our Piirtv!,u.-ft 'rravciler tliought, that lambulus might
very probably be carried as far as the Kingdom of Maga-
di-!(i, wliich lies witiiin two Degrees of ttie Line, and on
tlieothtr Side of Cafe Guardafuy -, wliich, I muft confcfs,
li poiTibIc, without liippofing tliefc Pirates, in their httie
ftuk, to have palled tlie Stieights of Babelmandtl, or to
hive' double J the Caps ; becaule they might luvc landed
intheGulph, and have earned liim and his Companion by
Land. Hire then we arc to place the Scene of the next
Tranuclion, and the turning thifc poor Men a-diift into
the Ocean, at tlie Seafon ol tiie Year when the Trade-
wind was like to carry them diredly to the Eaft- Indies.
ij\i! Pcr:ugucfe Items to be of Opinion, that tliib Ifland, to
fti;ich they were driven afti r a Voyage of four Months,
r.iJl be the great Itlaiul of Sumatra, winch lies immediately
uniiiT the EquiiioiliaJ, and extends itfelf live Degrees on
each Side the Line ; to that, it lambulus, and his Compa-
nion, came on l>iore in tlie South Part of that Illand, tlie
Difcni tion lie has given of the Climate, the Length of
Ihy-, and the not feting any of the Northern ConlUlla-
t,o:;>, would lie very exact '. Our Portugueft is the rather
r.clinal to eirdirace this Opinion, becaule ot tiic Circum-
|;a:ic.^ t.'i:t attended his Return, in wliich he fpcnt four
Mo^iihs btibre lie reached the Continent of India. He
i.ipp'ji.s there tor, with great Probability, that he landed
r.car ix Mouth of the Ganges, and fo came to the City
(i; ril.Kscihrii, whidi was there fituated, a Place very
l.ir.G'^s amoi^g the Antients, and which, as we have before
i:;iurn-..d the Reader, was fuijpofcd to be built by the In
ii,-ji llcr.uk:. It niuit be allowed, that thefe Relledtions
ar; v;ry curious, and very judicious, as well as the Obfcr-
vaion i)f the lame (ientUnun, that it is not probable lam-
lu'.u:, and hii Comp.ir.ion, lliould be able to navigate tlieir
lirall Bark to x\f 01 the lllanils of the Moluccas.

Yit, alter all, tunic Objections may be railed againft
this .\aoi;iit, that are not catily anfwercd •, for, in tlie tirit
pLcr, a- to their Pallage, they muft have nccellarily palled
tLruu^jli that preat Chain of inaiuls, called the Maldnes -,
id It is not at all prolubl.-, that in their Circumllances
ihiy llioulJ continue tlieir Voyage any farther than the tirll
Litid tiny met with ; But if we pals by this Ditficulty,
and f;i|)pf)|'e that they fell througli the Southern Paflage,
in the i,atitude oi three Degrees, and fo had no Sight of
a.iy ut thole Illands, but fell diredly on the South Point
ei Sumatra, yet this biiiigs us under a new Difficulty!
tortile iirll thing we meet with, in the Voyage of lambu-
I'n.S ii ihs Figure of the Itland, upon which he and his
(.ompanion landed : And, as to this, he telk us cxprefly,
i.'iat u was rouml, or at leal^, very near it, than which
r.ot.'wig fan be more irreconcileable to the Figure of the
Illand of Sumatra, which is very long, and very narrow :
And, tliough we Ihould endeavour to help this, by fuppolc-
ing Imhulus toolt this upon Trutt from the Natives, yet
■: ■'> very' difikult to conceive this for two Reafons •, I'irft,
l^aiiic it is no way probable tliat a Nation fo juft and pru-
<ifnt, as he defcritxs the People among whom he lived to
be, lliuuld impole upon them in this refpcdl, to no Pur-
P-Jlc , ;u;d next, we can liardly think he Ihould live there
Icvc'i Years without difcovering the Falfhood of this Re-
Kt', t:ie Illand being no- wiierc above fcventy Miles broad.

! j( ^ A ''''"""*"" tial Oicwi it, muft h»Vir been to the South of Uie Line. •> t,y\\\% ntii Sumaira, a

%' Aa(. Iti. n. fff J, i Utagrepb. iii.xv. f (j<ji. ' H-Jl Sm. lib. vi. uip. iz

"'■'•'18. J 7. 5 F

There is another Circumllancc no Icfs deftruftiveof this
Suppofition i whicji is, the Vicinity of this Ifiand to the
Coall of Malacca, which does by no means agree with
what is related by lambulus, I muft own, that if we
Ihould fuppofe Borneo to be thclftand he has defcribed, it
would be attended with as great, or rather, with greater
Difficulties •, for they muft then have paffed in their little
Bark the Streights ot Sunda ; and there is no afllgningany
Reafon why they lliould continue their Voyage to BorHeo,
and leave the Iflands of Sumatra and Java behind them :
Betides, the Navigation from Borneo back again, would
have been much more difficult and perplexed tlian that
from Sumatra.

Perhaps, after all, the Ifland of Java^ is liable to fewer
Objeftions than cither Sumatra or Borneo^ if we can fup-
pole, that they could make fo long a PatTage in fuch a Vef*
lei : And indeed this fecms to me the grcateft Difficulty of
all ; and therefore I fhould rather incline to think, that this
Ifland was one of the Maldives^ though I do not deny,
that there might be many Objections railed alio againft this
Opinion. The intelligent Reader will from thefe Remarks,
however, be the more able to fettle his own Opinion of this
Matter \ and I dare fay, will not think it reafonable to con-
clude the whole Voyage a Fiftion, becaufc it is not eafy,
at this Diftancc of Time, and for the ^Vant, perhaps, of
fome necelfary Circumftances, to ilccide with Certainty,
what Ifland it was where IambuJus,and his Companion, made
their Refidence for fo many Years.

II. We have given the Whole of this Relation, that it
might be the better underftood. It is generally taken for
granted, that the Ifland here defcribed is that which in antient
Authors ii csi\k^iTaprobana -, of which Ifland, fuppofing them
the l^ime, wc have a very copious Defciiption in the Natu-
ral Hiftory of Plinj' : In wliich Defciiption of his there
arc Abundance of curious things ; but, I muft confefs, it
is by no means clear to me, that this Illand has any
thing to do with that Relation. In the tirrt place, they difTer
in Size j for, whereas this is laid to be five thoufand
Stadia in Circuit, the Ifland, dellribed by Pliny, is affirmed
to be ten thoufand Stadia long, an that Side which tVonts
the Continent of India : But, what has greater Weight with
me, this Detcription agrees as little with what we are told
by Strabo \ the moft accurate of the antient Geographers :
And there is one Ciicumftance which plainly fhews, that this
Ifland cannot poffibly be eftccmed the fame with Tapro-
bana -, and that is, its being fo far diftant from any other
Land, whereas Taprobana was within Sight of the Conti-
nent of India.

The only Rca.'bn I can conceive, why this Ifland flioulj
be erteemcd the lame with that, is, becaufe of the Eledtion
of their Kings, which is thus related by Pliny ' : Their
Monarch is eledcdby the Voice of the whole Nation,
wherein they generally govern themfeivts by thefe Quali-
ties, w hich they eftecm ablblutely necefliiry in their Prince ;
'jtz. That he be old, of a mild Dilpofition, and without
Children -, for, if he afterwards begets any, he is immedi-
ately obliged to alxiicate •, which Precaution is taken to
prevent the Crown from becoming hereditary. There is
Iikcwife a Council of thirty Pcrlbns alEgned him by the
People i neither can any Man be condemned but by the
Majority of tliis Council : Yet, even after this, he may
appeal to the People, who appoint feventy Perfons to fit
in Judgment uj^n the Party acculed 1 and it, upon hear-
ing the Caufe, he is acquitted, then all the Members of the
Council of Thirty are inftantly degraded, and are ever
after efteemed infamous. If their King is guilty of any
Offence, he is punifhed with Death •, they do not, how-
ever, ftain their Hands with his Blood -, but, refuling to
Ipeak or look upon him, they deliver him up to be torn
to-pieces by Tygers and Elephants : What occurs in Pliny's
Detcription of that Ifland, in refped to its Produce and
Inhabitants, is ftill more extravagant than what is reported
in the foregoing Relation, which, however fabulous in
fome Circumftances, feems in others conforrmable enougli
to Truth.

For, .as to the Soil, Climate, and Produce, there is no-
thing that furpalles Belief i and, as to the rell, tlic:y were,

,riJ agrevirg better in Figure.

probably,

'. 'S'illli '1

:►,;. ;

l'I

;:*■

■!. \i'

ir.1 .it. Li.

:i|

.ih:!5

~^lu

«-' i'l

■i. r'ty

(»-f"l

I .'

^85 77/r Difcovcry, Settlement, ^//r/ Commerce Book I.

proh.iMv, thrown 'm to comyly with the Ilumoiirct tin-
A'V, .i'..1 to iTi,'k- thi^ Story .\;rcc withothir Accounts
oi'thr hJ:,-j: Take it .ill rogetluT, it i<; an cxcilKnt Spcci-
tiv.n or ti;;; Rflaticns im'.ihlhcvl by 'I'lavdlors in tholj
1 ) ays i anil is, \\ i !iaj\s the (iniy one tliat is to be nut with.

It is niiuli to U" ri'grctttd, that we have nont- of tlu-
riwniii.iH Accounts, or even lb much as bxtroih troni
lhc;ii, pr.tlrvcii by any Anthers j for a'; thry were pT-
iVaiy Will a ijui;iit.i.I wi:h tlick- .Sas ami tirriai on a
tonllant .mil i.xtcnlivc Tia.lc with t!ic huiuuis, it \% \\\^\\'y
iir>.!ublr, that wli.it. vir thiy wroti- upon the .Subjict, nuill:
(lavc biMi emit US ami cxai't, at leall in Conipanlon ot what
we li.ive rereive.l fioiii the Creds, who tuqiuntiy contra-
iliiSuich oth.r. .Some imlcal haveroni diiinl, tli.it iluie

nrrir were any NYiitint's of that Sort |uiblilhecl by tliar
Nation, Kcaule they lotiKi'il upon themillv.s to be con-

xViitint's ol I

, juy lotiKPil upon t!

ivrnal, in point ot Inttrell, to conceal what tluy knew,
from an Apprelunfion, that ilivulging their Dblervations
mi-',ht 1)0 t.it.il to their Commerce. This imleiil h.is an
Aii'of Probab:!ity : Anil yet, if we conrulcr how liifficiilt a
tiling it is to pi'elervc this k'nil of Knowledge, without
coiimitting it to Writing, I think it is much more likely,
that th.y had Tome Memoirs of this Kind amonpll rhim.

Howcvir that may be, certain it is, that toe l'er/:dns
never acquired any gr;at .Skill in matitime .Ml'airs, but left
the M.;nai'e:ncnt ( f tht ni intirely to the Phrvid.tn;, wh

fumed, and in it forty thouftnd IVople. Ochus m t|--
Kiii{; to Death, a^ he dcf-rvcd, and fold the Alhcs ut ^t
Town for a valt Sum of Money, on account ot the I'nxi
luous Quantities ot Gold and Silver that th« Inhabita-
li.il amals'd ". "'

Alter the Dcftniaion of Siihn, the Pcvftm F.m'v
undertook the Reduaion ot E^ypt, where \it!an,t,!i \y
made lumfclt Kin|», and had about him a vcrv loriw
Army. The gr.at Difficulty was to marcli tk /v] ',,
Tnxips into that Kingdom, on account of the Iwdy [\.
ferts on its l''rontiers. 'I'he Tyrians, however, condu:-,!
iiim, and his l-'or':cs, by the Way of iluir C'olonv ij
Hbsmcorurj, tho' not without foir.c L.ofs, into the Kii:..
domof Ei^spt, which he fi^edily reilucol, Nc^mku-.
tiling in time into r.lhirpin, carrying with Imii avj-
(j»ianiiry ot Trealure : Oc/'aj cautrd all the rift, thatau:
be cullecud, to be tranfported to BaHoii. As lie wis Z
turally cruel, he puniflicd the Rebel'hon of the /,v ,."
wiih great Severity ; and, h.ivinn; been informal, u':. n
F^'puam were wot t to call liini the l<c\-d ./y<, iiy\|.jy
ot Contempt, he caufed the ()x, which tlicy worlhi' [^.-j 1
aCiod, and which ihey called Jpis, to be ficntice'atoii
.-Ifs, and atterwards gave his I-'klh to be eatvn by his .A:-
tiMiiants. I'his I'o provoked /itrc.is, an Kiiiaich, ano l.;i
firll Minitler, that he loon after poilbned him, caiilalan-
othtr Boiiy to lie laid in the Roy:)! Icmb, am!, luvin^m;

ll>!h rnl tteadily to the I'njiau Kinperors till the l)eat!i ol his Mallei's Rudy to-pieces, ted his Cits with it. 'l

Jri.iM'Xt-' Mmm.'i; tor then, tiniimg theml'lv.sopprcncil ' '

l-.y tlie l\rji.i'i (Jovernors, and dre.ading the Cruelty ot
O.bus, who fiK\-eeded his Father in the !".mpire, a great
I'lit o( them revolte-i, tlie Si.irnraus Ixing the rhiet in that
laUerprize : But the Tynans \\\\\ .adhered to th-- /V;yf.;«j,
w.ho luil been always Very kind to tlitm : Yet, in all I'ro-
bability, the chief thi:-g that determined th; in upon tliis
OiVafion to divide theoifelves from their Countrymen, was
t!u'ir Concern for their Iiid.an Traile, which they could not
pofTibly h.ive carried on but under their IVotcftion, bccaufe
the I'alfage of tlu Ijibmus was always in their Power.

0:1 us marchid with a great Army, in order to lay Siege
to SiioH '. The Inhabitants preparid to reciive him, and
took a!l the nectlVary Precautions lor making a moll vi-
gorous 1). fence. The Place W.1S well fonitiili they had
a mmiercus Gaii'on, and a Meet ot no lefs tiiaii one hun-
dred flallies, sviU manned, in their Port : Kut, torelieing
tliat, it' tliey fhould be very h:uJ prelTed, mae.y might en-
de.ivour to make thiir l'.l'ca|>fs, by t!ie AlTiilance of the
S!ii[^s, which would expole them to certain Ruin, they
caufed them all to be let on I ne, that every Man'i pri-
vate Iiiteieft might engage him to do his Duty to the Pub-
lic. They lud alio a Body of Grcfh Mercenaries, under
the Command of one Mentor, upon whom they chiifly
*!c];ciidcil. In all human Prob.ibility, they might have de-
fended then.felvcs well enough, if their King, whofe Name
vas Itnnes, had not agieed with Mcnttr, to betray thLin
to the Pnfians -, which was executed in luch a manner, that
the I'.nemy was within their NValls, bclorc they knew any
thing of the Matter. When the i>idc)uans found ihem-
felvis thus iK-trayed, evciy Man retired to his Houfe, and
fa I'lre to it i by which means the whole City was con-

Wiiked Miialb.r fet his Mailer's youngell Son upon the
'I'hrom-, wiiolo Name was y/r/?/,' putting all the relict
his Biitliren to Death -, and, finding that the yiv.ir.glV..-i;
began to liifpert him, he loon alter deftroyeil him, a-j
his whole I'amily '.

Sueh was the miferablc .State of this Empire underth:
Government ol .Strangeis .ind l^uiuichs, when thHi
b.nip;.ror mounted tJie Throne. Me w.is ot' the R^i
Kloo.l, though not the immediate Son ol any ot the tunm
I'.nipcrors ■, and his Name CcJomtiinnis, while in afnvi-'
Station i hut, upon his b.ang railed to the b.mpr-, r.
alTumed that ot Darius. He was tlie haniiioni.ll ar.:
braveft Man in his Dominions, and endowed with ailt.".c
\ irtiits worthy of a Prince, which loon gamed hir, tv
Love of his i'eoplc to llich a Degr e, that the Tn;;
H.l^cas, fearing he might be puniiheil tor what \vi«|\i!V,,
attempted to jxjifon tiim •, but IXiriui, IblpL-cting r ,
Delign, obliged liim to dtink tlu- I'oilon he hai! pniiT .
which li^jn difp.itched him.

It the great and good Qialities of a Prince foiik! hr-
prel;rved an l'ni]iire to over-run with Corrupticn, D:.'.::.
might have died in Pcice ; but his X'irtues came tiw L;: ! j
liave his Country \ That War was alrcuiy cor.cemi',
wiiiih proved his Ruin, l)efore the Di.tilem w.i:, fixiu iijic:!
his i ie.id i and he w.is fearce feated on the Throne, h: :•
his p.mpire w.is inva.led by the MaccdoniM!, \di(, :•'/.
fatisliid with its extenfive Dominions, penet:atcil kyoril
them into the India, and thereby ojiciied the Way to i
more perfee't Knowledge of thole Countries than l;:::i n
hail Ixen attaint d, as Ihall be ihewn more largely i.i tr
fuccce.ling Stition.

• DtUer. Sim/ lii xvi, f 5|||. ;3V '' St/imm, tap. »;. .^

ti'ia Hi/ttna, /..*. iv. ,„f 6. Pit^tr. SiCk/. lit xvu ' Dni.,

nttUmt tx A/ritam, f. Ijfi. Ortjim, lih. xxxi. cap. ;.
. Sicu/, Jtiian. ilmic, P/niar,!/. t^c.

< I..S'.

SECTION V.

Ai cxa& A count 0/ Alexander's Conqueft of the Perfian Empire, ami, more porticulorl;
his Indian ExpcJitton, and the Confequences he intended to have draicnjnm thciicc

I. rijc Stole of the Pcrllaii Empire, and that of the Kingdom of Maccdon, compared. 2. Jl'i //'-•'■•
the liattks '.I Granicus, Iflus, and ArlK-Ia, hy ubich the Pcrfiaii Empire "uas overtbo^^-n. 3. Ale.v.ii;J
la'^nig attained the Power, afecls the Manners 0/ the I'crliaii Monanhs. 4. His Mcti-.'c^ to ttcur..
takiHi an Expedition into India, f . ///; hejieging the Rock Aoriuis, and contrivint^ to excel I Ieiciilc>. :
Jormerly attempted it. b. U,s I 'ufory over Pori.s, ./;,,/ /J,/, t,, of pa/jing the Gantre.s. 7. //.•■ Artih -,
order tt deceive and amuje Pollerity. ,S. His Retreat out c/Imiia, and the Orcumlbnce, tlMit JH'^
It. 9. lUs Armyjujers cxaedingly, in marching r/vc//-/j Gcdiulia, until l.i> .-IrriiJ en ti.e Co.'iji'if-
' Carjliiii

\\ '!

Chap. 11.

of the East Indies.

387

Car.ininiii:i, li'A'V he cekhfatci new Games for bis Deliverance. 10, A Review of his Indian ExpcMtioit
ivuiDij'eovcrief. u. His Conference li'ith the Ih-.ichmam, and hi-h E/ieem of tleir ll'ildcm. ii. 7Zr
(■/'jmViT 5/ C'.il.iniis the Iiidian, and the remarkMc Manner of his Death. 13. T/v exalted Reputation
f/ I);iu!.!!iiis and the Condefcenfion of hV\.\\\^iiX tcwards him. i+. A Copy of ti.\tt Phihjbphers Lrtfir
}: Alcx^indcr, co/ttaining an Abridgment of the Moral Philofoply of the hracimans. 15. The Return of
ALN-^nHcr into IVrlia, and the Mcajhres taken />y him for ejlahli/hing his Empire. 16. Ilis Entrance into
kibyloii, in Contempt ({} the Pre/ages of Lis Soothj'ayers. 17. His Death in that City, and the memorable
Cireuinjl'Hi'is attending it. iS, Ihe Minutes of his great Dejigns, as Jet dcivn in'his Pockct-lkol:, c.\

20,
li'iti

Hi!eii>i"d explained. ly. The true Cl<aracler of Alixjiidcr, dra^in f rem his public and private IJle.
,, Ills Memory flill glorious in the Eajl. ii. An Application of his Dijcovertes to the Dejign of 'this

"A:

S the Wtilth and Luxury of Per^4 fcemcd to tiicus, with one hundred and fifty thoiifand Men ; but they

I'.mpire tor Dvllrurtion, at this Jun- were Ixatcn : An'" " ' " '

ctiiri-, iiy I'lTtaiiiiig a ti)tal Corruption of Man- fer /Ifia, and the

rers tiin ughout all IXyrccs of its InJiabitaius iiilomucli
that ihc whok- Continent ot /Ifia was inleiitcil with tin"
Vkcs t!'..it naturally I'ow fiom I'rofpcrity milaiijilRd ; fo
iheif «:is a I'ower growin<r in Europe, by alniult iniptr-
mtibk' Oi grs is ^vhicli, at tlio vtry time Diiritis C^doman-

And by tliis fingle Vidory he gained nil l.ef
the 'i'reafuiy A the I'erfian Monaichs at
Sar.iis. Tlic next Year he prol'ctuted his Conquclls with
the utmod Vigom-, and marched diredtly towaiJs £)/7n«j,
who hail been airembiing, with the utniolt Dihgence, the
whole I'orte of liis Kmpire, in order to meet him. A
feecnd 15attle enfiitd at IJfus, in the Streights of Qiiciii,

(iBjjfitmld the Tlirone, hail proiirteil the Dclbui^tion of wiiere /^rtr;«f was ctefeatei), though he ha;l an Army or

... ■' '11-. I,. I I :.. .1. . \/i 1. . 1- c... 1 1. 1 ^1 ■• _ 1 »/i „ ^ 1 .- _ ,■ -1 ,

himr.nilhis F.mpire. 'I'his was loJ[;ed in the Mon.ireho
the 1 trie Kiniie.om oi' MmeJcn, remarkabl- only for the
i'ovirty and f lariiincfs of its fcoplc. It had been tribu-
tary tn, awl (.IqKmlint upon, the Peifian I'.nipire, from
thj Tir.'.c tli.'.t Xerxes invaileil (ireccc. All its i'riiiecs had
b.w runarkable lur a kinci of tiickin''; Policy, which
tiiablcd thcni to keep lair witii their Malters the Perfians,
en the one Side, and their Brethren tiie Greeks, on the
ether,

fix luindreil thou land Men j and foon after the l.ity of
Diimnfttis fuirendercd, in which were Dar,us\ Trraliires
ot War. The next thing //A'.vj//i/ir undertook w.is tiic
Siege of T\re, in which he vanquiflKil Nature, as well as
Art ; tor he eaulid a Caufeway lo be run out into tlie Sea,
by which he join-d tiie Illand the City was built upon, to
theContiiunt. A ftc r the taking i^Hsre, he maichel into
^■.W> W'hich \\: ealily fubdu;d, from the natural fickle-
net's of the I'eople, and their great Averlion to the /'(>•-

Ihc fiKlden, and extraordinary Rife of this little, and fians. Wh.iie he was in thatCountry, liegaveDired
hthmo contemptible State, was intirely the Work of one
A i'rince ; iiuieed, take him in all 1 .i;;hts, the ab!e!t Prince
nrinwnfil by Antiquity. Tiiis was I'hilip, the lather of
/l.'xmifr, who not only found iiis iurcditary Uoinir.ions
Ihull ami [wor, hit alio in a weaker and more dillrelfed
C'luiition, than they had been in the Days ot his I'rede-
ti'iTors: Yet, in the .Space of little moie than twenty
Yars, ii.'iiiade hiinlelf intirely Matter of Gmvt- •, fo t!iar,
n'.u.h.ijviinlt thwir Will, the Cireeis were ol)lig(d to ekct
him C,;pt.'an-(ieneral againll the Perfiam ; and Iv.- w.is
a?.iial!y prijturiiii; t-) uiKierta'-;e the War, when lie w.is al-
uriinati.\i ill his own I'alace, at PelLt in Mae(doi:ui, much
a, uui the t'anie 'I'iine that Ajes was poilijned Iw ]U:gsas :
So '.hit ilklL Coinpaitors for Kmpire, /tlesanJcnwiX Dit-
r..v.', arrivtd at the Sovereignty both at a time '.

iluy wvre e.icli o! tlv. m I'linees of rre.;- Crairage and
Ab;!itit•^, hit as oppolite in their Dilpolitions, as in tluir
ferumcs. De.rnis was mild, and too ready to lillen to
vhita-cr Aeivice was givin liiin. yl!e:<iit:Jer, (,11 tiie otiur
lunJ, was fierce and politive •, was willing to luar wh.'.t
otlitrs iakl, but could iLldom be prcvaiUil upon to f )!low
any but his own Notions. D.ni-.is was inclined to Modera-
I'.on, am! cjp.'.blc of yielding, with a good Cirace, to what

til/ N\ce!iil/ >if thf I'lniis rec^uired. Jlexniul.r artcd as
II i'crtime had Ixi n his Sl.ive, and difcovcied moll t onli-
i'.' ".ce 111 Times ot great. Il Danger: In a word, ]),ir:iis
I ■!'! all t!u' Qualities ot a goml, and Alexotder all the Ta-
li.!, rtqialite to foim agre.it Prince. Such were their
Iharacicrs and tluir l-oriunes proved fuitable \

.'. Iminciliitily alter his Atceirion to the Ihrone, the
Mi"f.iomnn tmnd liimlHf cngagul, tirll, in a War widi
ksNortlifrn NiighUmrs, and, foon ;ifter, with lii;C(juntry-
H'Aii the (irftvs. He linilhed bo:h with th.it Rapidity
• K' a'i.- to his Chanieter 1 and, in the fecond Yearol Da-
r:::- uucrinined to palii the IJelld'poiit, and attack tiie I'.m-
fWurol I'erfui in his own Dominions. The .Strength with
«i:chlicatttinpted this was very iiiconfiderable : His whole
bir.aoiililhd but ot thirty thoufand l-'eKit, and live tliou-
'■ 'Ikirle; :i!\l .ill the Trtaliire he polTelled, amounted
' ' nil rTKirc th.in Icventy 'I'a'ents, which comes to bt-tween
'"mt.tii .",na lilt e:i tht.iiland I'ounds ot our Money '.

my, in the Itcginning of

11k Cirntral'i 01 D.trius'^ Ai

tilt \V,ir,

111

Iputevl witli him the Pailage i>f the River GVvi-

Ibr building the new City of .'I/exuiulrit!, of whi.h we
thall have Occifum to fpeak hereafter, Ixcaule it was one
of the givatell Deligns he ever formed, .and tiie bell
executed".

Tiie next Spring he returned again into /ffi^, and
m.irclieil liireclly towards ^,(/^y/«; -, in the Neigh'.vm; hood
of whu h, Darats had lirawn together a new Army et above
a Million llrong. /dexondtr palled the Tigris, and came
up with the Perfiani near the little Village of Cimgniiiald,
where a dccilive I'.ngagemeiit infuctl, in which, with
.•;o,C'oo .Me.i, h-.- beat Darius in an open Plain, where
the F.neiny had .dl .Advantages, and he none. Tliis B.ittle,
wliich n-.olt 1 lillori ins call the Battle of /W^/jj, determined
the lateof the Pcrficji Empire v for Darius then ilel into
Mediii, and kit l>a/>y!on, with all his 'i'reallircs in it, to
tlie (.e.iiiiiuror. ylUxaiuicy marrlud directly into P<ifi,i,
ni.ide hiir.fcll Mailer of .Vw/i and y't/yi'/if/w, tlie Ca|);ia!s
of tV' PerfiiiH I'inpire ; the lattv-r of winch he biirpt '',

I'.irly in tlie Spring he purf ki! Darius, who was foon
after ft i/.ed and murdered by his own I'eople ; antl tliU';,
in four Years time, the Pafuin Mon.irchy was intirely
overthrown, and /Hcsander had niithing now left to em-
ploy his Aiiir, I ut the Red ucl ion of the Northern I'ro-
vincts, and the piiiiilliing thole 'I'raitois who had f() bar-
baroully dellioyed their MalUr in liis Dillrefs ; wiiicii he
pertormed very honourably, and thenin fiiewed himlelf
worthy ot that F<iitiine which li.id hitherto attend''d his
Anns. Rut, alUT this, turning iiis l-'orce againll the
Hfl-^J-tun, Dai'.ins, and Maff.^geu, he found amongll them
a more vigorous Relillance ihaii tixiin all t\\c Perjian b'.m-
piiv lielidts; ti) tli.it this War employed hiii awiiole Year,
and, very piobablv, he h.id nor made an I'.iid o\ it lit
foon, if the I'.ime of his Cicnerofity hid not done hlin as
mueh Service ab the Reputation of his Virtories : /\iid,
indeed, it wdl Iv always found, that br.ive Men yield Ibmiet
to viituc, than thty can lie tubdued by b'orce '.

3. In this Account of the DellTudion ot the Perfian
Kmpire, and the gri-at Atehievetnents of .//ixeinder, I
h.ive been as toncite as it was pollible, intending it only
as an Intiodudion to what is the proper bulinels of tins
.Seelion, the I'.xpedition of this great Coiu]iieror into the
Ixtln-s, at wiuch we are now arrived. But, bill ot ail, it
will be iRcellary to lay Ibmaliing ot die Province ot Sc^

"■-■•■-■..>,■.■„/. Sfuh. J,,:.v,. r.ulard: ^uh!.

('»■! l-l,J»,.i,.-ul. I,t, xvii l'lHl.l<J>.lt ylJfX/111/ra.

' - >i->i. I'MAiit ,n Ai, \.uiJr}. •^_ Cuflim, lit. iv.

Cut lihi.
..8.

'' ./■Mil'), A/'. I. I'/:i/.li.'- in JifW

Jni^i. i:\it':t. Curt. PJufitt.h *J'>J,tn.
' -It: till Vlul.tich. Curtiul.

?'■>

■.Hit.
eul.

' /tr>i,m, lit. iii. DiiJ.

diaiia.

l,.l"l!'

:Wif

N?.'l

IT,

s:h

mp,

'^^ 'ill

I i ' •

j'^

388 Z/f'i' Dilcovcry, Settlement, ^;/^ Commerce Book},

t{ia>ta, where r'leximJcr paflcd the Winter, in wliich he
jirojcdcd i\is t iinqiitll ot l/tdin. This Frontur I'rovincc
ot the I'frjian l.:v\>\n: l.iy u;«m the l-jfttrn .SkIc ot the
Ca fpian Sci, ktvsctn tlic River O.vw on the South, ami
the Rivrr QrMrtn i.n thi North. I'hc lall ot xlwW iZwntus
Curtius, and Arriiiti, lallcd 'Taiuus, very trroni-oiilly ' i
for the River 'loKuis is miith more to tl>e Welt, and dif-
durgcth itlclf not into the Ctjfpian, but into tijc liiisitie
Sia, and is the latne whirh we now call tlv l):.n. This
Krror is taken notice ot by Pliny, who luii let us into the
Caule of it •, wliich wa*, the Vanity ot the MuifJoniant,
who, by giving talle Names to Kivers anil Mountains,
thought to make I'ullcnty believe they had c xtended their
Conquetls into I'laces wi»ere they never let their leet '.

The chict City of this Frovincc was Miracanda, a
Place ten Miles in Circuit, the lime tlut is now called
Simarcand, and is the Capital ot the Uitcik 'tartan. In
this City ./f/rvii«</rr fpent Part of his Winter ; and there,
in one of his drunken lintertainments, he murdered Qilus,
a brave old Soldier, titter to conquer Countries, than to
flatter Conquerors ; lor the want ot which courtly Vice, he
pud with his Lite, troin hence ^iltxmdtr removed into
Bailria, and took up his heail (filers at Nniitaca, where
he married a Fnftun Wife, and Ipent the IkII Fart of his
Time in bringing moll ot his Otfiecrs to follow his Kx-
ample, and in the I ealU anil Fntertammuus wliuh tol-
lowcd upon thcfe M.irriagts. This was the firft Step to his
InMan Lxuedition, whii li he had already contrived in his
own Mind, without conimuniiating it to any.

His Courage was to le lure as great as ever apjieared
in Man, and yet his Conduct was equal to his Courage ;
for this always turnilhtd him with Kx^nlients to much the
more effcftual, as they were altogether unlurpeded. By
ihcfc Marriages he pioixjled to himlllf two great l".ni!s :
The firit was, to bknd the rerfi.m and Mii(f<Unian In-
tcrefts, in fuch a manner, that he miglit be lure to leave all
fafe behind him : '1 he other to 1 n};,i;^e his MateJcmaits, in
fi'inc mcalure, to toigct their Country, and Iv the more
willin" to follow hini, wlKreever he thought lit to lead :
15ur, 31 the fame time, th.it he loimed this I'rojett, he fore-
fiw ilic I'olhbiliry ot if. taihng tim, and tlureto;e he ft
on lojt other .Sclicnus, to wiiieh, wh"ne\ er ihcy ilul tail turn,
he Might hive ncourle.

'Ihele were, the apfiointing thv' prireip.il Nijbility of
Pi'/iii Ckjvet.-.ors ot I'ruviiKcs and Cities, an', the ordering
thirty thouland young Men, of the bill I'fr/ian families,
to be dikijliiiid all. r the brt'ci' Manner, th.at, on terrain
Oc:afions, they miyht lei ve as liolhigis tor the fidelity
of their CoiintryiiKn 1 and that, on other certain Octa-
fions they might le a Cheik on his AAjifJe«/,;«j. for,
by a I-aihng, ineuimt to great I'rmns, he Ugan now to
diflikc the Manners ot th.it Nation to which tic owed all
his Vii'toiies 1 ami, (onliileting himfelf as a mighty Km-
peror, dildaineti thole freedoms which were agreeable to
the little King of M.t.cJon.

4. But, alter all, ilirle wife Precautions were taken, in fa
vourof a very idle J .xi>cdition, which took Birth Irom an
Accident I Ihould Ix* aihamed to mention, but that it is lb
necrlVary tor eoiidutting the Thread of my Hillory, that I
cani.ot omit it. O./mpiaj, the Mother ot JUxa/tder, was
a Woman ot Gallantry j of which his Father PMip, lor
Ibme |xjlitic.il Keati^ns, did not think lit toukc the leverc
Notice that it deferved : And tliercfore, to cover lomc un-
lucky Circumllances that attended the Birth uf AUxander,
It was given out, that Jupiter lud been tamiliar with his
Mother. In the earlier I'art ot his Lite, .Alexander treat-
ed this ridiculous Story, as it became him, with Con-
tempt i but now, his Vanity luving got the liettcr of his
Underftanding, he was defirous it lliould be btlieved. I le
had rcati, in tin- old Creek f.ibles, that two of the Suns
vf Jupiter, Bacibui and Hercules, had each of them matle
an Kxpcdition into India ; and he li:ul a mind, not onlv
lobeona J-evel, in this rclpeiJt, with his Brethren, but to
outdo them: And this was the true Source of this ha-
zardous Undertaking '.

To pave the Way to it, he began to affeft the Honours

that were juid to the Pn/inn Kings, wliiih wis a kindr/

!i/'
ol the Creeks. This Innovation prinlutcd an Aiti'onX'

Ai oration liiitah'e enough to the llavilh M.iiinnci,)| ,1 ..
Subjecls, lilt utterly irrcconcileable to the in.inly Iridil,,'

for UlliUhni,

more cruel tli.".n the Muiiler of Clitut :
the Kinlman of his Matter Jriftotle, agr.ive amUhrMi '
who had accompanied him in all his f xiHilitior.c, ),„,„ |
taken upon him to expofc the Abfurdity ol this Bilaviin f
he canted him, under colour of a Confpiraiy, winch h'
pretended was tormetl againit him, to be put to l)t.itli'
By removing him out of his Way, he got rid ol allOpfo!
Ittion 1 and, it the reft of his Mtiiedomcns did not contr
with his Flattercis, they were at leall wile enough to Wj
their Tongues •, to which they were the more indinci
when, by levying new IVoops, he lud fwelled his Arn-!'
to 1 20,000 Men. * ' '

The Indian, having, by this Time, got hold of thj
Story ot this third Son of Jupiter, had many ot them ..\c.
drels enough to fccure tlirir S..tity, by tailing mwiihliij
Folly : AnU it was uj)on this (Jccalion, that tiny prctrr.ipj
to believe the F.iblc of the Grecian Bacchus, winth wc Ix-
fore related, and confuted. Suih ot them as did not, or
could not, protlitute their Undertlamlin^^s in I'o wuis a
manner, he fubdued by Force of Arms. Anwnmt tlitic
was the Nation ot the Jjfaciins, who lud left tliar hee-
dom, if it had not been for tlw Complailance ul ihnr
Queen Cleopbis, the haiidfomi ll Woman in that Part cf
India, wl'o, by adn.ittmjj .-llexcindfr to her l-inhracrs, r.
ilee-nicd lur Kingdom; Lm Inch was the llubborii Virt.c
ot her Subject', that, notwithllanding tlicy rupij the
Benet.t ot this Trrlpals on Irt Honour, yet thcv (v^r
aftirMaids renieii,beicd it, to her Dilgraie ; anJ nn-:
called her by any other Apf'ellation, than that cf the Ai..,
// hue. By this Prim els our Conqueror had a Sen, «!w
bore hiv Father's Name' •, and of tliel'olUrity of tl.:s/iij.j
jItexaMdcr, Marco Pi'.j, wliolc Travels wc fli,»!| fti..n',
give our Readers, affirms there were fome Princes rrniir-
iiig, at the lime l.e villtid thcfc Countrici. i^u.Iiwir:
the 'i'r.;nlaclii>ns vsith winch this great Dilign, ofiienctri:
iiig to the utmoll lamits of the World, Ix-gaii

-. As it was the labulous Hillory oi BiiubiinnAH,-
cutii pr(Kliiced this Kelolution m . .lisaiuUr, to invjoeirj
conquer India, to he chole to carry on tlie War alic: ar.fw
mani! r, and as if his Army had been dreficd rather lor
the Stage than the Field ; lor the Shields of hisSolocrs
were adornid with Silver Platis, the Bndlis ot tle.irlltriii
Wire tUjilded With Cold, an>l, 111 fliort, all tli ir .Arr.-.u.r
Was beautiiied and cnnclied with tliefe precious Met.ils \ x,\
i lumour the more fingular, fince it was kr.own, thai I'w
Indians f;t a lets \alue on Inch Finery than any ota.r.N.-
ttun.

■JIic only Place tlut ga\c him any Difr.a:l:y in tlu
Yeai's War, was the famous Rock ot Jcr/i:::, ix.cir.vr!/
high, and the River Indus runnirg by it. A Kcjioitwii
current in .lUxander'^ Army, that Utrcitlts liaJ twice at-
tempted this Poll, but in vain : The Honour tlurriorr ti
the thirtl Son ot 'Jupiter was very nearly concerned i but hi
proceeileil very prudently lor its Piefervation. 1 le toi.r,>:,
alter filling up all the Ditthcs, and taking every Mah.J
that the Pra<flice of the Art of War lud taught him, i.".;
Place was tnily impregnable i and that, it he de[)eiMfJ
on Force, he was likely to be toiled as well as Ilfnulis -, a:x,
thcrclore, he turned this Sit ge, alter it had coll him Abun-
dance of Men, into a Bloikaile, leaving, however, one
Pafljjgc by which the Iklicgcd might elca|K', irdiiniin!;
that, when they were half-ltarved, they woi.Li t.ikct:.,i
Road, and leave him their Ro( k, winch h: lia.: iumi i
Mind to : In which Scheme he lucxeedeu, and ticmpi;
at once over the Indiiins and Hercules '.

In the mean time, llepLrJlien mv.\ Padioas, «!io .JJ
the Direction of tnc Plurnuians, who were eiiiployciim
building him a portable I''leet tor palling the IrvailKiv"..
of the Indies, liad tinilhed ilieii 1 alk, an.l ] rovkld l.ii;i
with a fufficiciit Numbtr of Boats, lo ii.imcu, as tluti:-.'*
might be taken to pieces, and lo ttanlp'jit.d over ..-n-
from one River to another 1 And, now ha\ing xlIU"-

* D-.iUr Suul 1,1. x\i\. Arriinjii.iv. ^Carlimi, /it. viii. " H,JI ,<•/ id vi. <af l6. ' l>"'''^ ^'■'"' ''' "•' '

;ii;: ;;

nl,p .

Chap. 11.

of r/je East Indies.

38p

in RLKiinc'ls, lie entered in e.irnclt upon his great Work,

,;'i was to be l-nr'ni by the I'iiflagc ot the Kivi r Mus.
^1," I'his Expedition was undertaken in the eleventh Year

' l,is |{ci'i;n ovi r Macedon, in the fifth of his l>'.mpire,
Jnd'tline huniire.l ami twcnty-fevcn before ar//?. V\z

llal tiie lv'"ir witlwiit the leall Refiftancc, and as foon
-shewason i.if other Side, had Notice that an Indinn
i'niKc w.is .iclv.incing towards him, with a numerous and
ftvildiliil'lii'cd Army. This was Mopl'is, the Son of tht
Kiiii'ot /.?.v./i>, who had before fubmittcd to him in the
N,i;iicoi 111!! l-'athiT, who was then Hving j bur, being now
ili'uii, MoH'ii ifigned in his own Rigiit. The Appearance
ot th;s liliiicn I'nnce was fo formidable, tiiat yllexnntkr
w.s aliaui ot I'cing fiirprifcd •, and, therefore, liaftily put
Ins 1 )('!['« into Order of Battle. But Mopbis prtlc-ntiy
unutv-ive^i lum, by advancing with a fmall Retinue; and,
makin['; his Siibmillion to Alexander^ delivered up his l)o-
Wi\m'\s vvhiili ht rectivai again, with J,eave lo alfumc
tlicl'iile of taxiles, wliich was common to all tht- Mo-
rarchsoi iiwt Country, with hieh mighty (Jitts bfuies,
ilut A.'" ''-'■■ ''^ one ot liis Macfdonian Captains, coiiM not
htl[) tili'.iig hmi, th.it he was [',lad to f.'e ne ii.id nut with
a Man m the Indies worthy ol leecivin!; a Prclliu ot a
ti.oulaml 'I'iil'.nts at cnce '.

ji,:i/! funis tollowi tl his l'',xamp!c ; but Perns, wlu<fc
DomiiiKHis !.iy beyonii tiie River liydnfpes, prepared to
ili:.:v.l liimliflt to the laft Kxtit niity ; and drew together
iivri^.liiy Army to hinder Ins I'adage of the River : >vA'v-
rt«i/ir a.iva.ictd tow.mis him; ami with {jr.v.t l>i.'licu!;y,
amino I mail 1,1 :1s, toir.-d t!ie I'.iflage of this liiver, aix!
alcaw.ials d"t'.',:ted Porin, wlio was gru'voiiTy woutu!-.:;!
in the Suit' ; but, lieing charmed witii the Spirit and Cou-
r,ig;'nf the Man, he reflored to him his Dommions, and
cvdi augiiunttd tliem. In Memoiy of this \'icr()ry, lie
hiiit.1 City called N.cra, and another as a kiml ot Mi>
miiiKiit for his Horfc FH:pi\il:ts. As this Country
jl'miiidfri with Timber, h": ordered a !;rcat Niiml)( r ot new
S:!!j s to he built lor the Isilaljlifliment of a Maritime Force,
> wt!l liT the pertei'ting, as piotedling his Conquells :
]li'iulli.i), next, t!ie River ..Vf^/^J/i'j ; ar.ci, havin;:; lubdued
.:;i that lay between it and the River l/jdruUiti:', iKllowed it
ipon Perm *.

He- invaded and iMlroyed t!u' Cu:h.r-af<s, who Ii.kI a
Culloni of cauftiig \Vivc> to be interred with ti.eir 1 li.f-
Kinds; and, h..v:ng t.ik n the C'i:y cf Snr.g.ila by Stoim,
h.' bdlew'd it on fome liuliiins, who had fubniitteil to lum,
ami livoil mule,- a free (iovcrnnient. lie next attic'a-d
hfHt::, the I'rinee of a People called by the f:me Name,
who were re| uted the luindlonull N.ition in the Wo; LI :
Biittliat IVinrcfixm made hi-. IVace, ami eiu.rtained .A'i*.v-
c.r.h\ a:id all his Army, tor imny Days togetlier. Ile-
;hfj]iin r.-turned to him here, after having f^ib^lucd fevcral
I'nr.ccs, and their i dominions : Irom thence ^'iUsiVtdcr
;;'.i!vhal into the Dominions ot Kinjj; Pb\get<.<, who I'ub-
nv.itcd to hnn, .\\\k\ received, as other Monarchs IiaJ. ilone,
h;s Kiagdo.n, with large Pref nts belides.

He then paHld the Iviver U\pl.h\f:s, which was f.vui
liidongs bro.ul and fix Deep, tlic- .Stream prodigieully r.i-
jidi and trom hence he inteiuicd to have marched to the
t'ffl^Hi hilt, lirlf of all, thought it requifite, to'ir.quiie
'it his InduMi Confederates the .Situ.ition and Condition of
ih'.- Country through w huh In; was to pal". : They infoinied
Him, th.nt, for twelve Days March trom thenie.'ihere l.iy u
I'llarr, wliieh was bounded by the (i.ni^^fs ■, and tliat, on
t!i:-i)thcr .Side that River, there were many potem N.itioi-.s ;
hit, pariiciilarly, the Cvi^^arid.r, wIkII- King XiViJniiws ,
had an Army of twenty thoutand Horle, two hundred
thoufaiu! foot, two thouftnd Chariots o\' W.n, aiil lour
thoiilaiul I'lcphaiits. The Report of this, tlu Remem-
brance ot their late I-'aigageni; nt with Pcnu, auii a .Storm
"t Kain, fhumler, and Lightning, which had lalhd for
alwv leveiuy Days, fo difpiritcd liis Muc^Liiians, that
th.y diclareil, without Ceremony, they were weary vi'
miahiii[!; eight Years together, and ot l\ ing put eoiuinu-
jllyiipon newI.,ibours, without any I'rulj.ect of Rett or
I'l*'.'. /Iiixiimlfr thought to iuvc quiettd thcfe Com-
tuiiit-, by giving them Leave to plur.dvr torn: /;/./..;«

^'<i,ln. Ill, iv.

Nations ' that refufed to fubmit : But this had not the dc-
fired I-'.ftcd J they were fVill as iuigry, and as much dilpofed
to Mutiny, .is ever ; to which, perhaps, they were artfully
excitecl by the Indians, who were iltliroLis of being rid of
them.

7. In order to make the laft EfTort, he prepared an Ora-
tion ; and when th.ey returned to the Camp, laden with
I'luiidcr, he firll liilliibiitedCorn to their Wives, and Mo-
ney to their Children ; and then addrefled himfelf to them
in a long Speech, in which he faid all that could be polli-
bly contrived to inlj/ire them with a Relblution of ftill f >!-
lowing his Fortunes, and attacking the Gan^arid.e. His
I'.l.iquence, however, availed him no more than his former
Kountii s : The Maicdaiiiaits were abfolutely tiixd out ;
and befides, the Methods praflifed to draw them thus far,
deterred them from the Thoughts of going farther. For,
full of all, tiiL- Fables he h.id Ipread concerning the Expe-
ilitions of r>ati.l.His and Hercules, filled them with Apprc-
lienfioiis that they were to be led beyond the Limits ot the
AVorld, and be cxpoled to Dangers, beyond the Reach
even ot tiuir Imaginations ; aiul, on the other hand, they
did by no nuans apjirovc of this new Way of conquering
Coiir.tries, to give thetii back again with Intercfl : And,
tlu leiore, Cxniis, in the Name of the Army, plainly told
A'exaitder their Wim] ; which agreeing fo little with his
Inclinations, he i\tind to his Tent, where he remained
three Days ilof- fmit up, and would not fee even his moll
tamjliar Frimds. At the F'.nd of that Time he came out,
and, ill. living a N'irtue of Neceir.ty, told his Soldiers, with
a good (Jraee, iliac (ince they were unwilling to follow
him, he li.ii t.iken a Kefcdiition to return : But there was
another Realon that contributed not a little to his taking
this Ii( f'olmion ; and it v,a.s this : 1 le had I'acriliced for the
i'afiiige (jf the Rivir, am! his I'ritfls, un the Inlpeeuon of
the iMUi-.iils, iIlcIuwI tli.-m unlucky ''.

Now havini; condvicted his AlTairs lb long by Oracle.s,
and lliehdike Inventions, he duift not proceed to an I'.x-
petlition, which lamed to be agaiiift the Will of the Cimts -,
and thus he w.is iiuangled in his own Superftitions, and
obliged to delill by ilij very Arts whiih he employed with
a \'i.\iV to force his Army to move on. Yet, in fpite of
this Uilappointinent, he w.is iUll fo addicled to Fables,
that he cliole to give the Air of Romance to his own
Ae^'tions, rather than trull: his Cilory to a fair and impartial
Recital of them. 'Fo this I'urpofe he cauled twelve large
Altars, of fitty Cubits Flcight, like Towers, to be ereehit
near the Iviver-, whereon he facriiicetl according to thcCirec'i
Ciiftom, and cdbrated (James in thj adjacent Country :
After tliis, he e.iulld a Ditch to be miule, liiieen Feet
broad, and ten lecc deep, whereon, of tlu F aith that w.is
duj^', up, he raifi'd a conliderable Wall, making the Com-
pafs of his C.uiip three times larger than it w.is. 1 le com-
manded the I'oot, that each in his Tent fliould get two
Bjdfleads of live Cubits each in Length, and the 1 lorfe-
nien to m.ike th'.irs with tlie Mangers of their Horfes, as
big again as tlii'y were ; he caufed Arms, Bridles, and
( ther Tiiirgs to be iiamed after the lame Proportion, to
amufe l\)llerity with a falfe App.arancc of the gigantic
Projiortion of his own Perlbn, and of tlie Perlons of his
F'ollow'.is .

Thus this ji.'.liiii! F.xpedition ended in tiic fame kind of
Follies with whifh it began ; and had no other F.fie.c
wh.itiver, than luakin;^; tlu f' Countries, and tlie N.ition^
who inluiliittd them, and who hitiierto had been known
to the nil of the World, only by idle and fabulous Re-
ports moi'e truly repielented ; and yet even tliis was, in ,1
great meafure, prevented by the extravagant lying liepoits
eii' his F'ullowirs occalioned, no lioubt, by tiieir ear.iell
Delire of gr.itilying the Ambition e)f their Mailer, wlia
loveil t) li.-.ve his F.xploits painteil beyond, that is, m plain
Terms, at the I'.xpeiue of Truth.

S. Wlien he eame to execute his tlefigned Retreat, he
difjxjfed e)l the (iovernment of the Provinces he had ccn-
(jiK reel, .li.el fo palled on to the River liyd.ijpes, where lie;
cxp^eteel U) find his new Fleet, which, however, was not
perfed'ly coiii,.kte, which obliged him to (lay fome Time
in the Neighbouriiejenl ; lb th.it there he was joined by fix

'eMB, 27,

' DuJjr, Hhil. /<!'■ .Wii.

~.ulf, nr. l.\.

/,/. vi.

•V Curl. III. \k

5<'

lib. vi. Phi:aii':. in

thoufand

iM.

i!}

4ll'-

:i-

tk u

'lii

I'M

-'#■'

♦ ■; •

I.--

i iu - ■

lM|l^

5po 7/'f Dilcovcry, Settlement, nu^i Commerce E(x4i.

tlioiiliiiii! 1 IdiU', ,in>i thirty ll'Dufami Foot, tint Iwi! m.irclic-il by the Orat li (.f Jupiur yhiirfon. \\ he, he r,iir,r t,, ,i,f

i!;itl,cr oM of (."nviY i anil met alio with other Supplies. Mouth ot th- InJiis, lie ortueil up Bulls to A,;;,,;. ^

1 lis Ships when liiiinud, confilleil of a thouland Sail •, oC crowning them with \\ reath-s ami tlitn tliruwuij; iIk,,,

whuh two hiiiulretl wire Ships of War, ami ci^ht hun- I'oumi, nito tin Sta i niaile great Fcalls lor his hu ,■,','.

I'.r.it wire 'Ir.'.nli orts *. mm\ threw a I'ulilen I'hial, anil urtain {;olil Lu|"., i,,,,,;,',

He then iliviilul his Army, going on l-oanl the Fleet Sea-, Ixtenlunjr mc (,oils to U- propitious iDtlcli,,

with one I'ai t of it, ami ouUrin{; the nft, iimler the Com- tlut he iii!( nileil lliouKl fpe( liily lail uiuler the ( nn ;, ,,|,'i

tiuml of O.Ucrus ami Ikpbj'jlioii, to marih along the of AVr;r< /-«;. lie likewilc encleil Altars to ■/"/•-;/ ^,^^1

Rank of the Kiver ilown whicii he laileil, to the Juiulion Vnaiiiii, olllriifi; niagniliunt S.iirifircs, ami
of the Ihiiafpcs, ami t!-.e .lafiiKS, reducing all the Country
in his I'alTige, p.iriiuilarly the OxyJraJiin.i, anil the Ahil-
lums ; anil lo proceideil to tiie Kiver /»<•'«.'. Among the
rctl, tlie Hraihiiians jiinVreilby his Fury; for the irking,
wholl \amf was .<,:ii!b:i.<, iiaving full liibmitteil to him,
aiul opened the (i.ifs it iiis City, alterwauls revolted,
which lort his Svilijcih dear ; for many 'riiuulands were

flain, and a much "gre Iter Nunilier fold for Slaves. Yet and, having given thele InftiuiJtions he lailed il.'mn the

we are inl'ormed by /'.'w/./'y/, that many wlio weredertituil other Chanel of the Indus, whiih brought him linhoa

to !")( Ilrurtioii, were prtlerved, on thur anfwering, to the large I .akr, wlu re he lelt moll ot his I'orces \ ,iivl, Juvi'ir

Satisfaflionof J!i\;i>iJ(i; certain Ci_ul\.ons in I'hilofoiihy, witli him no more than thirty X'elKls, p.iiUd thwW.iy mio

wliich he caulld to iv proiHiild to tliim '. the (). ea:i. I'he Dclign of tius Voyage w.is, tilat 1,5

While he was engagid in this Wai with the Bracbvians, might Ix a'jle to judge, win ther this or the other Chanel

j^/IiT/j King of Pjihilhui, an Ifland at tlie Mouth of t!io would alibid the fafell I'alTage tor his svlio!^' 1 j tt ; am',

Jii^u.', came and fubmitted himfell, whom he received King convinced, that ihe Lett h.uul Cluncl \viu!ielvi>.

thole Divinities, that alter liim no Mortal niij^l,t lufstiic

Uounds ot his Fxpedition '.

riun returning up the Kiver to PaHala, he tlire fouil

I'ait ot Ills iortes, whicli ha I m.;rJied by I, and, luJnrj

this City to Ix- extremely well lituated for a i'ort, he a-

reiKil Ufph.rjlii^n tomakc an Haven there, anl tiumllrDct

NViiart>, anil whatever elt'e was necellarv fur Sln"iinv .
1 1....1 ...,_ .i...r.. i..rt...i.: L ■■ 1 , :^' ='

he r. turned the lame VN'ay, lauling Well- to iciUiHil
aloi g ujHW the Coall, that thole on boaril the H-tt rniri.t
not be dilliillld in tiuir I'ali'age tor want ot \V,,t'r.

Wlv.n he returned to rmtnii, he luit I'art o| |\h .\riry
to liig nil. re Wells i and, pn^eeded a licoinl tiincis h\i
as the L.ake before-mentioned, where he onlend livml
I laveiis to he made, and M.iga/.ines to Vv eieClrd, for the

very gracioufly, i!iK\iirg lum to ptovide all NeeclTaries
tor his .\rniy, liecaufe he meant IJK-nlily to vilit his Coun-
try. When the Fk.t, however, had fallui as low as this
liland, t!ey found it abandunid, the IVople ha\iiig re-
tired into the Mountains, wliither A'fuiiuhr feiu MelTeii-
c-rs, to p. rliiade tliem toreturn. lie hail now tpent tm
Klonths in liis \'oy igc, and found himl'elf ,ir,d his Fleet in

a very indifiercnt Con^Ution ; that Side of the liland near I'fe of his Shipping, and leaving a!l'oa(>aiilbii r()rt!n;l\-
wlii. Ii he lay, being, in a great meafure, dclhtutc of W.i- fence ot t!;e!e \\ orki, togitlur with I'tovifioi* t'ullic eiit Lr
ter, wliich obhgid tlum io luul I'eople in Shore, to link eiglit Moiit'is, he prepared for his Keturn to /V;yw, k.iving
Wills, w!i.) were cut off by the fiiJi.ins that lied to t!ic t!ie Care ol the fleet to his Admiial i\t\if\iii.\ to wlmni
D.-lcrt5. At this liland the Kiver IiiJ:is ihvid.es into two he gave Iidbuetions, when the Si ,ilbn ot the Vi-.>r wuulj
Krarxhcs, both of which retain that Name, till their I-all permit, toTall down the I. eltCh.'.iul of the Kiver W«j into
ii.to the Ocean : And thto' the Kranch (.n th,' Right-hand, the Oceaii, and, fiiling along the Coalt, to procicJ up
.rjV^vuHJfr relolved topafs intothe Sea. But the Day attir lUi: Ter/iun Culph, and I'o to the Mouth of the in-
he leit thelll.ind, th.ire anjfe fuch a Te'iijHll, as dillr-'flid /-iiMes ' .

them exceedingly i wlfuh obliged hi;;i to flultcr himfelf It is viry pUin, froin this Relation, thar, in!twithll.in>l-
again ujHni the Cu.ift, and to tmd lor I'llots tiom among ingall the I'ams lie had taken, and the pompous .Accuunts
th: Natives ; tor this prtA'ed a Navigation which none oi given of liis Fleet?, he was very inditleiently furnilhid
his I'eoplc undcrtlood. Wiien thty relumed tiicir Voyage, withSeanuii; and theretoie wc need not at all wun,kr at
t!iey met with new, and llill greater Dilliulties: For the the millaki.n Notions, whielHijme Writers tvll us he con
Tide riling exceu'.ingly high, as it always dots there, all
the Court;y near the Kiver was quite oveii'.owed, except
ibm.' Ilills, the lops of which app i\t.i.\ like fo many
Man's in the Wat' r 1 to which th • .l/.;.iJt,/;;.j/;;, leaving
their Hoats, Iwam tor tlieir l'relirv,iti';n, nut being at ail
atqu.iintcd with the Nature ot 'l':de>, but lupjxjling this
fome extraordinary Accident ; for their IF ads wire lo lull
of Fables and Wonders, that every thing ap()eaied to them
miraculous. When the Water ebbed, foaie of tlnir Vil-
lels wire lift on dry (irour.dj liime were ovirwhelmed,
anl Ivinki otliers turr.ed Bottom upwards. On tlu Re-
turn ot the 'I'uie, thole that fluik lu the Mud were got
olY, without Hutt 1 but the rell were cither ilanud to

Pieces, one againft another, or ixrillicvl in dillereiit Ways, ritories of the Or;/^,' where he Ix-gan to dcllroy t le Coiin-

to the 'I'.ri-or ot .ILxandir, anil all who wire about him '. tiy, on ace. nmt of th.ir joiiing with the Cdrc/uKS ; tut,

A!t;r tiui unluiky .Acodau, collecting his Navy as he upon their Sul mifllon, he treated them kindly, and kit

could, and repairing us many J the Wllels as were yet ia t!ure a coniider.ible I'.ixly cf 1 loife and Foot, to wait the

leived, coiiiitning this Kiver. But tlu re is one thing very
loinnundabl' in this F.xpedition , wliich is, the jcilmul
I'.iins lie took to Ik: inlormid of all 1 hings, that lie m:p:
be thf Ixtter .lUe to li.ime a Judgment of wlut ini'^ht li:
expLited tiom the Hiiilding of Cities, fittlii-gCuloni.T,
.mil ell.iblilliing .1 cor.lUnt C ommerec Ixtweeii them, anj
oilier I'arts of his Dominions. This was a laliour truly
worthy ot a Prince, or, to carry it much higher, wonliyul

1). .AttiT he had thus fettled .ill Things behind him, he
p.iUld through the Country of the .*•/';/.«•, w ho ih\l en iiu
Approaih into the Mounr.iiiis, lb that he palled tic Riyer
.I'lLii without any Op;K)fition, and lb came ir.t.) the Icr-

a Condition lor Service, he det.aclied two ol the beft V)

Ariiv.il ot his Met, and with Orders to bi.iid a nn\Ci:y.
In his l'.illat;e tliiougii the Country of ths dinfiM,

examine anotiier Mand that lay lower, which the InJuiiis

calledi Ciilutu, and he thought tit to name A;/,V/j, by greater I, ifs'hapjx-ned to him, tlian'in ali his fxjTilitwn

which he mull ot Necefliiy j afs, in his Voyage to the through .^J k-lides ; beiaufe, what lor want oi Water,

Ocean. On their Return, and reporting, that thue was in hy fxcels ol I leat, ill Diet, and 1 lunger, he carrictl not

this lail Illai.d, a v.ry commodious M.tibuur, h- order; d out the touith Part of thole Forces he brought ii'ti) /li'i-

the Ilea th.ther-, but proceeded himliii, without further Yet was not this Lois fullaincl througii Ignur.inie ; For,

DeLy, I'own the Chanel, that he might be Utisiied whe- l.uiv till us, he knew of the Danger veiy wJ.l 1 bu,

iher tii-. Fleet co Id i-al's lakly, that Way, into the Indian hiaring this Country had been Ibrnui'ly invaded, lv:h hy

S;a, or nut. At the Diflanee of abjut 2..0 Si.iJia, he Sni,ir.i'mti, and Cyrus; and thit the loriner w
ihlcovtial aril ither liland •, and then returned to the Meet,
v.Iiere he facriliced to the tiods after a cmain Manneii and

then, going back to the lllmd, he facriliud after another

Manner to otlier Deities ; alRrming that he was lb directed

l).:Jir. iuul. Plularih. ^ P/idtar,-/.-. in .■!,',

'' H'aii,/,i.XV. /f:,,ut. i'C:,l.
A. ^

iy but with thirty Attindanrs, and the larter wiui unly
f vci •, he- h.id anear;i:ll Deliiv to |uls through it, aiiJ.m
tiieljioiyot Ills Adventure, to tXCel them '•

t^C^I Pl.ltti

ttfj'-o.

.1rn.li,, lih vl. />-.(';r. Sitnl.lih t"!* '""'';^
t i.) i.-.-.i'i.w. •»

Ch:ip-

of the East Indie

?PI

AfttriiicrcJ.Ue Fatigue iiii^l<^rgone for fixty Days, lie
to/^/C''. the chief City, where he rt-Jrclhed his Ar-
"""nlthcncf iii.ir.licil towards the Borders ofCaramaniti.
ifri he rcLtivta Nrwsth.it Philip, Governor ot the Oxy-
. ';/,«(, .iiiii o( oiliir InJiaHs, was killed by tlic mercenary
SoUir^'i hut iliat liis Ucatli was revenged upon them by
i'lc' W.I w'i/«.("'^ •■ Whiriuiwii lie wrote to 7'iixilcs and Eu-

'm! ' w til"'-' '^'"■^ "' ''"■■ ^'""""T» ''" '"'^'> 'i"'""= =>* '"=
ciulil'ieml one to futteed Philip. When, after ail tliele
Danacrs, lie arrivi.d lately in the Province ot" QirniiiMia,
he raciv'cd Complaints of inaiiy of his Governors, that,
Impofmg he would never return, had behaved tyrannically -,
«lMn k punilhe.l lor tlirir Oticnces very feverely. He
liUwili- ctl.biatal, as the Cuftom of thofe Days was,
('.amis, aiui exiiibited Flays, by way of Tliankl'giving,
ijihfliodv, fur having pi tllrvcil him, and his Army, in
the MiJil of (o many Dangers. And while he was thus
cirploycd, NtanbuSy the i\dniiral of his Fleet, arriving
on thi- (.'0.1ft, and hearing that his Mafter was only five
Jhvs loiirncy fwm him, thoii;;Iit proper to go thither,
wtiialtw Attendants, in order to report to him what had
hanpciKii in his Voyage. On his entering the Theatre,
tic MMdmifins, furprifcd and overjoyed at the Sight of
luni, let up a great Shout, exprelling thereby tlieir diead-
I'ul ,\ppiilii.iilions ol biiiig obliged to ferve by Sea, which
t!uy lui'kal upon as little better than lx;ing dellineil to
ciruin Duith. Bur, as for Altxander, he was extremely
ikal'ul at the News he tolil him ; and fo far from beiiii;
,ff;;r'hiul at the llraii(^e Things he related, that from
ihtiicc Ik' conceived a Deliyn of fending a Meet from the
iMiiuthof the Eupbmtcs, which, |)aning round the whole
Cor.tintnt ol .ifriia, lliould ha\e entered the Mediterranean
by the .Streinlus of Gibiiiltiir, then calletl the Pillars of
Himks: Vot wliiih L'x]^edicion he caiifed great Prepara-
loniio be ni.iile, as we lli.ill fee in another Pl.ice i when,
far the fake of enriching this Collection, with lb curious,
anJ I'd aiithtntick a Piece, we lliall give the Reader the
wliole \'oyaj,e ot Niarchiis, lus near as may be, in his own
WorJi; anJ lliall, at the limie time, enter into the Dif-
culiioii ef the true Defigns of Alexander, with regard to
Navigation and Commerce ; Points in which he fliewcd
a gRatiT Superiority ot Cieniiis, than in all his Coiiquefts,
which, fxclufive of thole X'iews, were fo many Outrages
on iht Rights of Mankind. At prellnt we will take a
View uf his btdian l''.x[)edition •, ami lee how far it contri-
buted to his own Benelit, or to that of others.

I J. It is ill the tirll Place, obfcrv.ible, that however
weak, and contrary to giMid Senfe, that Humour of
.ikuvidir's might be, which led hirn to alVunie the Ho-
roi:rsofa God i to boalf of being the Son oiyupiur -, and
tu art nipt not riv.iHing only, but excelling, his Brethren
Er.({hi iad Utrai'cs ; I fay, how wild or extravagant fo-
I'.er this night be, in oneSenlc; yet it was attended with
.luny ^oud Confetiueiices, efpecblly to the Indians, who
knew how to turn this Foible of his to their own Advan-
!3i;i' ; that is, to the I'refervation of their Libeyy, which
I.eiiis to have been the only Point they had in View. We
i;avc already had an Inlhnce of this, in the artful Speech of
-hU^his, at the 1 le.id of the Deputies trom the Ciiy of
•Vv". but it may not U- aiiiiU to add Ibme faitlier Parti-
ii.Liri. relating to the lame Aeiventure.

\Ueiithele F.niballadors were introduced to .Hesandcr,
t'i.y luiind liini llaiuliiig in his Tent, completely armed,
«ithatew Olliccis about him, and without any of that
Pomp or Splendour, which iiled to dilliiiguilh the Mo-
lardh ul tlioli; 'J iincs. They were a little alarmed at this
Appearance, and afraid of meeting with a rough Recep-
' )a, b'jt their Countenances loon altered, when Alexander
connuiuled one who was near him, to fetch a Culhion -,
' :i which, as loon ;ii it Wiis brought, he very civilly delireil
Mpasio fit down. The old Man, overcome with Pcii-
'^'•'•'.^•Is on this extraordinary Mark of Diflinclion, crieil
'-■•^Jlvaliiit, O King, that niy Countrymen ean do, to
'»'■■.' ;i;«r IrienJjhp ? Let ihem, liiiil Alexaiielcr, make
^■'■■■■ni if lice for iLcir Governor, and fend one hundred of
'":'■■'■ l'(jl Citizens to remain with me, as Ilcjla^es fi.r
'^'"r hddiiy. This Anfwer Hiews the Wilduin anel iV-

netration of Alexander, who thought to Iccurc his own
Purpofe, by paying this Compliment to Aitiphis. But the
iiuick Reply ot that feiifibk- old Man does Honour to the:
Wit and Spirit of the Indian Nation : 1 fijall govern them
with more Eafe, King, faid he, // I find yon, iitjlead of
the hefl, fo many of the ivorfl of my Suhjetis '.

The Behaviour of Mopbis, afterwards called Tasiles, has
been already related j but the Motives which induced him
to deliver up his Kingdom to Alexander, del'erve our
Notice : They are contained in the following Speech he
made to him at the Tmic of his SubmilTion : ' To what
' Purpofe, AlexarJer, flioukl wc make War upon each
' other, if thy Defign of coming intothefe Parts be not to
' rob us of our Water, or our necelliiry Food, which arc
' the only Things that wife Men art iiidifpenfably obliged
' to light for ? As tor other Riches and PofTeirioiis, as
' they are accounteil in the Fye of the Work! j if I am
' better provided of them than thou, I am ready te) let
* thee Ihare with me •, but, if Fortune hath b,:eii more
' liber.il to thee than me, I will ooi decline thy Favours,
' but acci pt them with all the thankful Acknowledgments
' that are due to a Benefador.' This Complimeut was
exiremely grateful to Alexander, who, after embr.iciiig,
made him this Anfwer : Do no: imagine, Taxiles, that thefi
foft E\preffions, and fu polite a Ptcbaziour, fljeill hinder cur
earning to an Engagement : No, yott are not like to efcape by
ehanyjiig the Nature of thellar ; for lu-Hl not be eci;iiicrcd
even in Coniphiijdnce. It was upon this Occalion tli.it he
made him a I'refmt of a thoufand Talents, which dil'pleafed
'he Macedonians fo much, but which, however, {gained
him the Friendlliip of the Indians '\

'I'liefe are ceitainly Inllanccs of the good Senfe, great
Pruilence, and generous Spirit, of thele People. As to
their Bravery, and excellent military Dil'cipline, the fol-
lowing Inllanccs will be lufficient to faiisfy the Reader as
to Ixith. Such of the free Cities in India, that is, fuch as
liveel under a Republican Government, did not pradite
tliefe Arts to fecure, but hired Soldiers to defeml their
Lilieities ; which tliey did fo efl'edtu.illy, that, when Alex-
ander li.id granted them an honourable Capitulation, he was
tempted to break it, and ojxm a PalVage to farther Con-
quells, by tluis difpenling with his Wonl ; which, how-
ever, letllned his lieuutation exceedingly, and induced
others ti) ilefend thcml.lves with incredible Obltiitaey, The
Courage of Poyiis, the miliuiry Skill he fliewed in the
Difpofition of his Forces, and tlu dear-bought X'iclory
which Alexander obtained over him, weie very lu'.ly let
lorth by the Pen of Alexander himlelf, in the F.nillles he
wrote upon that Subject •, and the Requell, which he made to
Alexander, that he might be treated like a King, will, pro-
bably, be rimeinl'eied and admired lo lung .;s the Light
of 1 lillory remains uiiextinguinicel '. But it may not be
amifs to obferve, that in this hanl-lought Battle P^itis had
no Advantage of Numbers ; the i brce he brought into the
I'iekl did not excecti twenty thcnifand Foot, and two thou-
land 1 lorfe ; and it w.is the Ute he mae'.e of thel'e, that
Itruek the Maeedonians with fueh a Diilikc to the Indian
War, that all the line Speeches oi\Jle.\n>ider could not
mlpire them witli Courage enough to attempt the PalTages
(il the Ganges -.

It was 111 his Battles and Sieges in India, that Alexander
received molt of his Wouniis. in other Cour.tries he
fought tor Fame aiiel Vidtory, but it was in India only that
he fought tor his Fife. In a word, all his Conqiiells here
were either obtained by the Admiration of his Virtue, or
by dint of fuperior Force. It nuill be likewife cblerved,
that the Indians were never charged with Inlideiity to him,
but maintained their Promiles with the llrictell Honour ;
and, therefore, when the Greek Mercenaries li.iil murdered
Phdip, he recommended the Macedonians he hail left in
India to the Care ot Taxiles, and never hr.el any Rcal(;n to
dilfrult his Friendlliip. Tlicfe are folid and iiicontt ftaMe
Proofs of the Civility, Wilelom, and \'irtue, of the In-
dians, who, thouf^hthey abouneled with Riches, ul'al them
with Difcretion anel Moderation ; and who appear, in all
the Accounts we have oi' AiexanJtr''^ E.\peditiun, to have

* //. ihiJ.

been a People will governed,

• Stmis. .-Irriiin. Diodor.Sic. 'Ji-fi'.n. '

(jbee.ient 10 tl'.eir J .aw?, and

,/. •,;,j», 16. vi. ^ht. Curt, lit: \x.

jealous

/•FJ

III

^ il

.'mMI

W I'

i;9Z 7/'t' Dilcovcry, Settlement, nn^ Commerce Book I

•'lalou': nf tlioli- AiivMntagos tliat wire the Kd'ult <it tin Ir i-lics a Say'iii{; grown iiitn C rcclir, by tlic l"x|Kri,nc(.,f
K-r.iictivc totillituticiis , whirl), liuly confulcral, will 'I ruth. 1" this umi.uihttxlly tlu- flnifAww were n ''
.ipiKar tiK hiphilt Clur-iclcr tliat any I'eopic raiul«lir\i-. Iiappiertium moll Dthcr I'hilolbphcr*, that hithfrto they h*^'

II. I liavi- puipoldv omitreil Ijicaking liithcrto ol thr tkapal Ccnuirr, thf wilcll Vlrn, in all A(?"t, havil.".'
;«i/.;« rhilolopluTS, ami ot the Trratment tliry met with tonlai them 4 jiill Tribute ot Applaulc j which !«!?.'.'
lri)ni,//<Aviff./c'-, liciaulc 1 thought, both with rclixiJt to have been t hicHy cicrivcHi tmm this Maxim, ythwi^^l!
Iii.li ar.il them, it was a Subjcd that rcqiiircil particular l.iteil tluir whole Coiulua, viz. to r.tirvc liwiilaf'
C onCiilcratidii. 'I'lulc Men had the Miilortiiiic to incur Doftriiics f'ov tluir private Loiwcrlations ami to tt]. J!'
I;is PiipIiMlure ; ami, in conlcqucncc thcrctit, to Ixr very iVoplc liidi Thingj only as rcganlcj the right i|. f
fcvi rely trrateil tor iloini^ their Duty, ami acting as it Iv- l.ilc. It was c^^ing to this KtjTul.ition, th.it^hc Bf,,!
ra lie Slen to act, wlui proliflld thcmlclves Lovers ot mans thcmlilves iiumtaiiicil thnr Ch.u.u'ters liiiij,,,,,.']'
WiKlom. In Ihort, thde hJi.tn S.i^ei, indeail ot court- ami that the ln,liaiij in general, ot every R.mk, VKp. \^^,'
iiV4 thb vicloiious Prime, or emle.ivouriiip: to gain his ot I'rindple, anJ aftui, on alK)ccaluii,s, as bccinic iIkt
Kivour hv|vrlu,iilinp thcl'conle to liibmit tolimi, exirtcil Wc Ihall have ai,othtr Opportunity ii ilelcriluig ni,r-
:!ll tluir ilo(}iitnre, ami all their Inthiemr, to incite largely the Learning ot thele Sages, aiul tluir Mamm ,.
th;ir (.ountrymen toheluvc with Couianeaiul l-irmnel's ill l.ivinp: At preleiu, all I aim at, is to rtprfltn; f; >
the Dit-mtot their I.ilK-rticsi ami this it w.is that expolal tluirComlud, with relpiCt to .llfXiinilfi; and his nil!
them lb much to his Refentmeiit *. viour towanis them, as a I'oint very curious and mv.xs..

We Iiavi- already given an Account with wliat .Severity ing in itlell ; .Mi\ wliich is ot no linall Coiilequci.ci to t h
he mar^d S,iiHl'Ui, who was thnr I'rincc, and his .Sub
iec'ts J ar.i! we have likcwife taken Nome, th.if I'UitiVth
inlorms us, t!iat many ot them jMclcrvcd th'. ir I aves, by
tli>' ratistactiiy .'u.rwers they gave to the (^iel)ioiis that
Conqueror propoi, ,1 to them. .\s this I'aflage has a neanr

Helation to the Suijcci of this Chapte;, than molt ot the AlliMnblies tliey l|>oke lieely \ tint one thing they rcquiri!
Adventures of .■/.Vv/i«(/«-, it i.innct be dif.u'/ceable to the of tluir Dili iples, as well as piactilid theniklw, w;vj;
KtadiT, ifwetre.it it at larg.'. In the m;.llt oftlieVio- v.ms, to app.ar quite naked ; anil in this relJKCt ihfv» -
Icncis that were committed, on aicoi.nt ot the Revolt of
the Krachiiians, .iltsander thought lit to make a Triilot
tlicir hcilUx) S\ ildom, by tending tor tin ol them into his
PrclVr.c-, whom he lomniamicd to aniwcr Inch (.>i^iellions
as he pro|)ofed to them, threatinin^; lu. h ;ls anlwered
iiniil'-, with Death •, and, appointing tli- eldeft ot them to
l\- the juilge, he afkrri the tirtl, ' Whuh, in his Opinion,
' were more numerous, the l.i\ ing, or tlic Dead ?' The
I'.r.ichm.i-ianfwired, ' The la\ ing -, lor the Dead ate not.'

llillory '.

12. It was a Cutlom, inviolably oblerved amonf^l t-
lhiuhm,ins, never to vil'it any Man, let his Kaak be *'y
It would i and that ii|K)n tins riiiuiijlc, that otiitrs lal
med ol tlvm, and tliey ol iionc. j.i th.-ir .Schui.', ^

He atktd. another, ' Which ot all Animals was the molt
' fubtl.?' 'That, faid the Brachmm, wliatever it lie,
* with which Mankind are not yet acquainted.' Of an-
other, he demanded, 'What the .Arguments weie, by which
' he perfuai'.cd Si:mbns to revolt ?' ' Hut one, r ■turnevl the
' InJiiiH ; I to!d him he ou|.^lu either to livtfiec, ot to die
' in tl.e iMide.ivour to live fo.' Another w.isr, quind to
tell him, ' \\ hether Night, or Day, was oldcll .'' 'Day,
' aniwtrcd tlie l^hilolopher, liy one Day, at liaH.' liiit
I'crceiving that //c v<;Kicr was not fatistied with this Aii-

li) llriCt, th.ir when /Ht\.wd(r lent OufhmtH:^ whowjsj
I'hiloloplur iiimlllt ot the Sii't ot the .Stoic?, to h;jr
unrot them, who h.ul the highell Repiitatiop, the /jm i.
man ordin.l him to Hup, and he.ir what he had ty uv
naked ; oihcrwile he would not open his Mou;h, ii lie
came trom "Juj-ittr himtell. Ihus the Story i< told n
r/uiitrib; but 0»c/?in/«J himiilt told it in .eiuth'-rMjn-
iur '.

I le laid, tliat lie tound liftc.n if thel> Hr.uhm.iv :;:::■,•
tog'-ihtr, at lomc Dillancc from the I'own ■, to Hh::
havini; told his Mttlage, ore (.1 them, luvirg ro!i(;,li\;
his (iarb, could not tortx'.ir fmiling, and tlun proinV!
tir.r : There w.is a Time when Corn and Iknr was,,
ple.ity .l^ the \)\\\\ that cov..rs the Ivirth ; wl.in tliclm: •
tains ran, tome witli Milk, fume with Water, I'oirc w:;-,
1 loney, tome with Wine, i\v\ Icinc witli (;il : But whr,
thiou^-h Fknty ami Luxury, .Men grew vain ar,;! jr ii ,
the griat Citnl took away thole Benefits; and decrivd, ! .;
tlir iNiulfiiHs ol Lite Ihould l)e obtained by Libui.r

fwer, he added, ' You ought not to wonder. Sir, if til aiige 1 hen reinjHr.u'.ce, ami othtr \ iriuv-, pro.iiicd di;

• (^leftior.s meet with oild Replks.' One of them he

alkid, 'lIowaM.m might become excit^'.ingly In-loveil :'

His Anfwer was, ' If he tic v^ry pov.trful, and, at the

' f.imetime, be not very much hand.' I'o another this

Qjit llion was propolld, ' How (hall a Man ai't, to Ik'

' thought a Ciod?' ' I^t him do, replied the Brach-

' man, wh.it by no<ither Man can bedoiie,' Lhe lall ot

them, being alk'd, 'How long a Man ought to defire
' ]a!e ?* anfwered, 'lid LJeatii Ihull b.Cume more
♦ elii;ible.'

Wiieii all had aiif.vered, .llex.mMr command, d the

again I'lenty ot all Things -, but now, that t' ii I'ici/v
leems to h.ivi' begotten N aniiy and l';:de .ignin, wc.tT,i
Danger ot Ixiiig rcduied once moie to l'ein,ry and \S\t.
lie thiretore who wouki h. ar me, mull tliiu.v oii' ;..
Clotiiis, and he nakeil on the Stone.s, as we do '.

I he Nanu- ot this Iiiiiutn I'hilolopher w.is Splinn; :.;',
when he Ui ame better known to the A/iirtiliHijiii, r !
rluy oiilitvrd that he laluted them alwajs with the vVi,; :
LVi.V, which, in the InJiuH longue, f gniiies GcJfi:f>».,
ttuy i.illeii liiin trom thiiue Ca:anus. It was lax.:r.\\>:
prevailed uiHjiihiin to vilii ./I'fxantUr, and toconverfrwi'i

Judge to give Scntciue. ' All I can lay, replied the old Inm ; and, by deguts, he keame more tr.iCta'-L Hcwi^

' .Man, i'. thar every one h.is anlwered worie than hi'. IVI-
' low.' ' That b talle, laid lUxandtr ; and thou flialt die
* tirl!:, lor having p.iUtd lo toul a .Sentence." ' Not lo,
' Sir, replied the Br.uiiman very coolv, it you mean to

an old Man, ami iiatur.dly ot a fivese Dili'ofirio;, ti.:

withal Very comiiuinicative ; and, whin he law that..'.'

(j«<ie>" d( Ih^hted in philolophieal Di!courle«, he rolir::

llii.nnid his Company, or thought it a Dilijiacc to a'.: : I

him '.

On the contrary, when he left litiliJ, Ii^ foilowcil l;i"i
into Peyfia, where he iniKle him, and tlie Mjadeiim', as
tiny had tven long Admirers ot his Virtue and WilLum.
Witneltes alto of his Death ; I- or, Ixin;; ii|iwari:s ri

' keip your Woid ■, lor you laid

' anlwered woill , winch 1 have not done, Iveaufe you

* have not hitherto alked me any (^iiellion.* The Kini;,

liirpriled at ditir Firmnels as well as pl-.-au-d with the

(^Kckiiel- ot th'ir Parts and the liirewd Anlweis they

had given him, rot only iiilmiH; a them without Injury, lev<-ntythrcc, and being attacked by a l.oi.i.n.l', he too';

but made them very confidcrable I'rdrius '. a Relolution of puttiii»; an Lnd to his Life ; Iroiii v,:i: :

It IS to [k remembered, th.u, m thole D.iys, the com-
mon .Method ot [uttmg Wildomt.. tin- leil was by alk-
mg dilficuit Qucllions ; as the common Method of Teach-
ing w.,s by Ihort Sentences, whi. li the (in.Jcs called
Aphon:'ms, and wc Proverbs, tahing that Word hi its
flneteft and gravell Senfe, wlmh, even vulgarly ufed, im-

puttiiig

.ilexander laboured to diHu;uie him, by reprekT.rine, th.;:
Medu ines, and a projKT Diet, might prodiue a L;.r .
The Philolopher anfwcral, that iKiliibly it might lvi«.
but that, aecording to the Cullom ot his Biethri'n, '
looked u|ioii this as a Summons from Nature ; ami that '
became a wile Man not to wait, till the force ol h'.sRe.i!--

lib XV. Aful„ui ¥:.,,J /,i, ,. ft'fh,,. d, .r-X,n,Hi;a. lih. IV. J..I:

" I'LtarM .n 4lt:a:.i„. < O, j,.,,,.., .,; S„ai. I,',, xv. )'u:.a.hu, .h m.,:U

^tr'tiriitis. Clem. Alr^a^. ^ftam l:b. vi. p. J^:"- ' '^'''

17. liuiJilanii ,">|/«i M/iiiJ tHub. I' rpiral. I: ■it'ffl '•■■ *'■ "!

til a. il/iM ;.

' /■

i.trl. r..l.fJ>'

Chap. 11-

of i/jc T.Asr Indie s.

?;?

, atOroywl, or, at Icaft, wcakcneil liy lotiR Sic kncfs i
butratkrti) ilic wliile lie luil the tull lUc- (it his l'',u iiliu •,,
ind wisWihlc- at iiwking his IX-ath as ulVtul to ins D^l-
ipK .15 tilt UocUiiK s ami r.x.im|ili' of his l.itV '.

\\\m\ .llc^andcr law, tiiat ills KcfDJ'jtion w.is not to lie
altri-.l, hrgivcliiilruiftioiis for piTformiriB liis Ui (lutfl -, aiul
coiiimm«l the Care ot erecting 'jx-' luncral I'lje, to Ptuhiuy
ih" bon ot Li;u!, who was aftcrwanis Kiiij; ot l<i\pt.
wiun all things wir.' icady, tiic Kin^ gave Onlt-r'., that
1 , D,j,,|]j be prcictled liy his (juards of I loif.- ami l-'oot \
arJuiiltd not only Spices and I'eiiunics to lie fwUttrid
over the I'ili', but lilicwife ttircdfd it to lie adonud with
f;vcral Ciold and Silver Vell'tls. Qtlanus, Ixing viry lick
jailwiak, W.IS brought thither on Ilorfiback, wifh all
iiiyiiublc Splendor : But, bffore he mounted the I'llc, he
lx:low;\l the Ilorle the King iiad pivcn him, upon l.yfi-
m:ch!, one of Alesanitr'i Captains, who lud U'tii his
cont'mt I'ilcipk 1 and, in like manner, diftrilnitcd all the
(lull! .inii Silver I'latc among his hiends ; then, li:ii;in;i
llyii.suf I'raifc to God, for the Blcfring-. Kilowed upon
him, he afccndid the Pilci and, iiaving decently i.otii| ofed
hmifvlf on theHcd, which by on the Top of it, he con-
linuoii unmoved, and without varying his I'ollurc wlun the
}• ire reached him ; and fo wa^ confutncd in the Sight ol the
niiolc Army. /'/«/<Jni' reports, that when he einluaicd
and took Leave of the Maetiloiram, he defned the in to
ji.l> tli.it Day in Mirth and {/.<Jod I'ellowlliip, vvitli the
King, whom he doubted not to foe again, in a little
Time, .It lld)Ln ".

5/rut''J obferves, that Writers differ very much, as to
the Circuinllances attending this extraordinary Va&.; but,
astuthc Faiit iifeit, there never could be any Doubt about
it, bicaiife it was done publicly, and in the Sight ot the
M hole Army, all their Tiuinpets founding, and the .S>>l-
diirj, with the loudeft Acclamations, comtnending the
Ii:jIi Courage, and fteady Bravery, of the old Man. Jin-
enJ/r himlllt pronounccil his tlogium, in thefc few Words :
' G;.'.;i;«j h.ith vaiiquillied greater iMitmics than I -, tor,
' wlifrcas I warred with Dai in J and rents, Lidanus hath
' mcriome both I'ain and Death '.'

Reriirmng from the funeral I'lle, Akxander invited many
ci i.:- Iricikls, and principal OHiccrs, to Supptr-, ant
prop.illJa Drinkngniatih, in which the N'icloi (liouKI Iv
c.-uwiiij. Promiicbiis drank eighteen (^larts of W ine, and
won t!ic I'ri^c, which weighed a Talent, from t!;ein all;
But he furvivcd his Vidory but three Days; and was fo|-
lov.i!, as Chares fays by onc-aiid-torty more, who died of
the Uinc Debauch, by rcofon ot the fcvere Iroll, whuh
Li;[; ncii at that Time *.

Tiiisw.is certainly a very odd Conclufun of a Scene
fo l.,itmii, as diJt ot the Death ot Qitanm had been : -And
cnecmiiotlulp admiring the Inconff.uicy and Iiiconl'itliiHy
cf human Natutc, when one reads fuch llrange Rrl.iiidiis
•otheli-, whii:h would lie certainly incirJ.ilsle, it daily \'\-
pvricixc (lie! not Ihew us, that Mankind are llill the l.iiii!' \
u-Tilth,!! the gr^atcll Vices, and the ^',rc.itell Virtues the
iiiieil .Semiiiieius, and the wcakelt Lc;iiduct, are very
t:tfn e;hriivcd in the I'.inic Man.

ij. 1 !i ■ I lillory ol Ciuiiiiis is extremely famous, be-
rauleall the Writers of the Lite and Aetlions of yUexM.Lr,
liivt niviuioned it. But with rcfpett to others ol the
Kwchiiuiis, to whom he applied hmil'elt, they are mme
I .ti.t -, anJ, even in what they do report, thi:rc- is luih
I'lviility and Coiitufion, that it is extremely dillkulr, if
int in-.polilble, to come at the Truth. As to one 1 act,
however, they .i!i agree; lii. that DinJamis, or Ihin-
iW, \v,'.s eltecmed the cl'.ief ot all the Braciimaivs, ,is
iiAicli exalluig t!ie red in Years and in Wildom. I le it
w% tlut wlieii Oiu'/Lritus came to them, with a Mellaj;?
Irom .■Hnc.nder, rei)rovcd CaUtnus for giving him fo rouj;!i
-1 Anlwer ; and, having conleied wiili the G'/cvX- I'hilo-
I'V'-'' tor lijnic Time, on the Doeffrines dclivereil by Su
ir.u:, Pyihagoras, and Diofents, the J>iJia» readily coii-
Icliei!, tlut liiey appeared to liitii to be very wile Men : In
O'^.e thing only, laid he, I blame them ; winch is, that
';ity preier Law and Culloin to Nature, which it they

' •■'"•/.m, /,i. vi. DhJ,r. Si.ul. Hi. xvii. * Plularcl). in .lift

'■"^•" 11 Jtnandii. t Stralo, lit. \v. It is alio iTporuJ by i\

'" "■ ' ■'I'loiirmul mCiiUiimit lUiJiiKiiji, \blji.

^ t M D. XXVUl.

did not do, they would never I e aftiamcel of g"ing nakei',
iw we do '• Yrt this DanJiimis wis more (tea -y in his
Kelolution than Cnianus \ lor lie nbfolutely retulid to villi;
Jfixii'iiUr, uixin any Terms: And when his MelVen).',eT
toM him, fh.it their King was thc> Son of Jiipiifr -, tliat
III' was M,»llcr of the World \ and would rcwanl him with
grc.it (lilts, if he iilU'iied to his I'rnpotal i but would
('therwili' caule him to Iv l.idencd to a Crols •, he an-
Iwcred roundly, that lie did not behive he w.is the Son of
y«/>/',V»'i neither did he conceive, that he really poiVcired
any ihingi for it he did, he w.iull be fatistied, and not
give himiclf, or the rcrt.ot the World, fo much Trouble :
i hat, as to his (iilts, lie neither neteied nor del'ired them :
And ihativrn his 'I lircats made iiu ImpieHi(.n -, for, f.iid
lie, it helhould put me to De.ith, he will only relcafe my
Soul lioin this old d'crepit Ikidy, which will il^n p.ils in-
to a ticer ami jiuier State : So that i Ihall lulfcr nothing by
the C lian|,',tf '.

Tills very pl.iinly fliews, that tliry ovcr-r.itc this Matter,
who luppole, tliHt .//(.v./w,/i/s priilcini>g liimlelf tiie Son of
'Jiifilir, wa-. a Stroke (,1 leime 1 lV>li y, ma.le ule. of tor
nil other Kcalcin, than fo tanliiate the Cunt]u-lt of the
li:,!:is; Since lime me two I'hirt'. o.it.cn •, c^u, that he
ali'viiiiid this i itle Icnp, betoie he tliuught cf coiieiucring the
///(//(•.I ■, tlie other, that the liiJuiits never Lelieved it. I'hey
fiinie ot them, indeed, fcenuil to beli.v/ if, and, by rtturn-
ini^ him I ,ible lor I ,JiIe, fivrd tliemtllves, and their Ci-
ties (lom DilhiUliun. But we lliall focjn lee, that what
the (I'nrv Wiit rs have rcpuii.d, in relation to their No-
tions o| Divinity, IS in moll refpeiih, very fupcrticial •,
anvl, in many, .ibfuhitely talfe, /ikxander himfelf was fo
thoiiuij>,hly piifuided ot this and had fo high an Opinion
iit tlie Wildom 111 the Braeli.nans, that ir.fte.ul of relenting
ihi' Anfwer wliich l).:iid<ini:s Kiel lent him, he admired the
C'ouiane ami ile.uly Ketiilutiem ot tlie Man : Nay, he carried
his Admiiation fo l.ii, as to writ'- to this Biacliman, ac-
quainting him, that he had hcaid lb many extnujrdinary
Thui'i.s in u l.iiion to the Wildom of their DodUinc, and
their tinp.iil.ir manner of i..iving, that he was deiirous of
liaiiiiiiji, tioiii him, what their Notions were, and what
tlieir iii.ianerol l.itej lince, if he found that Excellency ia
lliiin, whuh was tepoiteel, he was content to bi;come
his Dif ipli'.

i.|. This C'ondelienfion oW-!ic.\r,nJ(r, as it was very
liniVdar, lii it had a-~ rcmark.tbic an Effctt \ for Dandamis
no looner receiveel the King's L.etter, than he wrote him
a long I'pilllr, to curieais in itielt, lb full of extraordinary
I"'.ii.ts, anel with.il 111 .igreeable to his Charaifter, that, I con-
ceive-, the tiaiilcribing it will allord no liiiail Satisfa..iQn
to the Iveaeler, inalmuch as it contains a clearer and
belter Aiioum ol thole Pliilolbiihcr,, th.in, for any
thing I know, is yet extant ; and, therefore, though the
I'piille be lonis i Ihall give it the Reader intire, without
till' hall Variation • : Thus t!\'n it runs.

' ./A v.)«<.Vr, the I leliiv you dilcover of b.'ing acquainted
' with Wiflnin, ini lines me to think, that you ought to

* b" alie.tdy r.mkeel among wile Men. I'here is nothing

* tlut himlers me fiom ivLVuding you as fuch, but your
' immovleiate I'.iilion lor fubduing Mankind, and com-
' m.iiuliiig ill- Dniviile. The tiue I'hilofophcr learns to

♦ leineiu.r hiinhlf, and fiibmic to the Law of Reafon
' without Rihiil.ince'. But your Charaerlcr, and, abtive

* all, your imiiioelei,i!e Ambition, is an invincible Ob-

• It.ii !e to this. Voii dclire to be inllrucled as to our

♦ Maniieis .iiul I ulloins ; I dare not urulertake tlii.s, be-
' ijuli I ,1111 leinliieius to myfell, that 1 have not a Ta-
» km I. a Ipeakingi and that your Couile ofLile, and t!ie
' c>ii,:i..u,il I'Xeicili.' ot Arms, will not allow you Time to
' he. 11 IIU-. Vit I will not wholly reliain, lince you lb
' eaiii.llly diliie it. But do not exp.vt, that I fliould

* ll.aiei yeiei ; w i' are a p'ain Sort of IVople, and know
' not liovs to coloui or difj'uile Things.

» The I, ill' of ilie Unuhmans is equally pure and fim-

• I'le, 1 hit I'lcalure which feduccs the rell of Mankind,
' h.is no I'h.irms lor us. Kealbn is the lole Cjuide ot our
' Defiiei: .AKv.iys latisfied with the State wo arc in, wc

' Siiiih,
• n£v.:r

,/»./■« ' .•ti.'i.ili inriti It h- II. lit. V. mil. 6.

^..^ei, 111 ilie l.ile ul .1.1 .i>.(.', liui ixi lu iHUKily.

5 H

!V^

mt\

'fM

iii>i

M^li; ::-!'^:;!r:"

p\i ',■:;; I r ;',' s , I 4 \

; :■!

wk:

llii

55?4 7/i' Dilcovcry, Settlement, ^ml Commerce ni<(/Ki

nrviT I'd niiulu'i miiriviir .i' .viy Arcki-pf* tintlvl.il in.
Indiitrr.iit til Ninii!'hm>':ir, Wfknownii'f.invxh .iswii.it
IVIi.acy m..in% : Our Tail's .irc only turnilhivi wiili li'> l«
Uixwi ami I lirlw is tlio l'.>rt!i pri>i'jfr% inlv rlVlt, wiih-
() It Iroulik', witl'.i'itt 'I'lv! i aul lunrr it iv lliit w-
know tiiithiii;.; innr • of PillaU', rli.in what w;- arc taiirjit
li)- the I'al.ii ami t'uin|i!,iii'ts ot otiu-r*. 'I'j.it pine. I"/
whiclj r.igiisiii rni!-Mriaft> ^ iiivin'.ithirbckl, I'Ht I y tlu"
-Scnfc wc liavc nf o*!irr I'lOpIi* Mlcric-i.
' An alilulute I (uiality niu'cK every orir oi m inJo
priulii-.r, an, I lunilncs from .imonurt us I'nvv, Juil'iily,
Ainbiiion, anil Maliic. W c li.ivc r.o L'o'irts ol Jtuli-
rat'.irr, Iviiiili-w,- da notlimj; tliat is ain;U ■, an! our
ftiid rrputil to lulliiT luitli iximpti.l us Intlurto Iroin
t!iofc Irvcic Laws by wiiuli Ciiuirs ari' [imillicil aiv.ony
other rco( If, \Vr arc (Vmi alraiil, tliat the inttovluLing
(j| thrm lliuulil awakrn th,- Notioni ot thole I'vils
whicli thty arc intfn'.itil to pro!,ii),t. 'I he tblc Law
aino'Xll ii< IS nut to viol.iti- the Liws ot Nature. By
avouliiig all Keprojili, w- .irc potcxj otul to tlic Nccd-
fitv ot j.aril(<:iin{; others, in hop- s of' lieiiij', triatal by
tlitni with the hkc Imlu!i;cMCc : Much lefs lio we j ur-
thal'i' I'arJa.i or linininiry by t'le I'oree of M( ncy ; a
f.)it ot 'Lcnfirrntls produtal by Avarice, ami wluiii
n.nticr the }:u\f^r more guilty tli.iii tlic C'riinin.ii.
' .\tn(v;i;lt us KlIf;uH i'; molt ti^V'roiilly t h.ilUlcil.
\Vr tlnaJ I'it.ifi-" a; the >(.i,;(c ot Wi.ikn I'v. Wc
love tli.it S'i:t ot labour which cxircil', s thclkxiy, but
wc ilct'.ll tliat which Ipriiii.'* Iroin the Ocfire ot Ciain.
Our Occiipatior.-. tcml only to procure the N'Ltrli'.irics of
LiiJ. N\c abiior all othrr N'icws, and rcgaril t'l ni as
the Fonivain lA l.wU. Id our I icKIs wc h,'.\c mitlicr
Bj;i.-..1 nor l.iir.irs, nor any thiii;:; tlut .an conllitiit^: Pro-
jiirtv. Wc arc convimcil, tlut th;^ is an L'lurp.ition
diriCt'y contrary to tliL- L.iws vi Nature; every one
thcieloie takes where Iv picalls, wjut the l.utli Kuin-
titully protiutcs tor the Seivice ot All. Wc lit tlu- Birds
t'.y quatly in the Air •, the B.alU tied pe.Ke.iWy in the
lkkl.<i aiul th' I'llh arc unn.iylclld by us in t!i.' W.it;rs.
We po'.Lls a:i that we tan w.lli ; b<«.'at;!c sve ilefir;' no

mote tlun v.e
-I

■llu

c is n thic" we (!na»i lo

wan.t.

nu:r:i as t!ut inUtial le l\!;rc r.t .vquninj; I'roprrty,
whicli cr.atis a tl.oular.il Want<i in the I Uait of Main
anl remVrs him (i.iily poorer arui p<x,r.r, in pn.ivjrii'jii
as his Wealtii ir.crcatcs,

* Wc v..irin ouifclvcs in thf ."-unUains. Tjic n.'ws
n'frelh u«. Wc v.alli \n tlu- Kiveis \\ . cat tliel l-.rbs
and the R>;o' , whiih the 1 i' k! pKKluas 'i lit i-atth
iVivis lor oi.r Bo!. C.irc. never ililhirb our Skrp. I'cice
oi Mind prefcrves oi.r 'J hoiij^lits always I'rir. Our In-
.'ipaii'.my drivers -.is from i-ear, aid fiom Su! jctio;i,
oiivc.y kind. Wc look upon caJi otlur .;s Uathren,
wlu^m Nature has tiiakle cijual, and .is t'le Clulilicn of
I'-.e liip;' •:i;- Cod oir lather, who onrrlit th;retore to
Unrc a;i!;r the I:ih( r:t.:nce he h.Ls {.ivm us. Wc arc
i^;-,orant aniur<',ll us as to tiic Art < f .'elln^yiiin; lorclls,
and breaking K„eks to-pieccs, to build I loui:';, whil.-
Nature has loinvd, Caves f;r that I'll'. 'Ihere we nei-
ther fear W inds l<a;n, Cok!, I |r,„, ,,r Tc niiv Ih. Thi (:
nif.ir.il 1 labit-uiors arc oir 1)v.iI;uk;s wlulc wc live, and
iLtvt us lurScj ulchres a!t' r De.ith."
' Wc a\..i(l in our Di.t', wliatevirlus the lc.\{\. Appe..r-
an.-c ot Soltnds or Luxury. L-avcs, or the Bark <,i

1 rces, cover wiiat in l)<cuic/ lliould not be ixpolid,
( Jur Women are m,t aliowid to adorn th: nirdvc s hi;;:
t:.e rcllot tJKirSex ; and, ivcnif tliev \v( re inmittctl,
the;r yciiti'iKiiis would l.iiukr them rn-m making uic ol
that rernuii.cjii ; p. rliia.lcd, as tluv .ir.-, t;.at vain xwl
gaudy Attire is ratlur tiouLMomc than ornam-ntir-
an.l t:..it ail t!i.; Art in the Wo.ll cannot ad.d to Beauty,
or lupp7 the \v.;nt ul it. All luch I'.iins, tkcr.loie, are
t :t:i( r (lir..wii away, Ivt.aufc thry do not corieft Dclci'f,-,
or irifiunal, Iv.eauic they woukl in prove tk< Wnk .,t
an .All wileCr.aror. Such as oi.r Women .,iv l>y N'.i-
i.:rc, th^y mriitall our Afi'eiUon ; and wc i.evir hear

.itH'^l .;:no:-,( us the Crimes of Inedl, Adultin-, orork. r

v.oiau the

J-_Jr o'-

Ks v..u.ii dillioiijur Nati
J I.-.

* l\.U!- and ()imt ruk- a!wiys our .Sixifry, 'I'l , ,
■liiou;,ht of kiliiii'', a M.II1 tills us with I for-'" !,'"
never provoke .strangers. We know not hmyV, i .. .
Anns. It is Miklnels, and rot I'orer, hy ^i'*''
inaiiir.iin .i p«khI I'lukillandm,'. with ouf 'n,.,,']'!,',*
Loiumc alone is our only J'neinv ; wiih Ii.r(,rly''v,'!!' "
tcndi and, j;>ner,lly fp'akinis 'the Hl,,ws |1,,,,^,, '/
tall b. li le u%. Atrentivc as we aie to do not] • „ ,;
may ivpol'eus to Mil«hM, we have lew Lviis Clih'"'
lan iullly tompl.iin ot. Deatli troubk^ us ua!v wjr. *.
arctikenotV immaturely ; othcrw.h the l„tiicr !rt'r'
nor tlie Funeral ot the .Son, ami wionlid.r ita, I'r i,!
ol Nature. Wh. mver i: Ix-lds us, we ii-v.r atulvf!'
i.ule pompous Monuments, whiih imn toirl',,lt tii '|',
hcts wliiih they lover. |-or wh.it mure vile ,
wiitilud, tlun the mifrible Uimains of a c^'.yj,.' !
Corpfe, ilrllroycd by the llames, tlut it mi-lit .,!,,„' '
kite the L.irih ! " '•■"•

' He notil.fplealcd, it thefe lirft Strokes of nu !';

i!ili:;iirc thine. With wli it Kav.ipes lull |;,oo u'lJl"^' '
lolatal the L'nivcrle » Madly tend o! Hieliis,.ii;(|tuir
with .\in! Ition, h.)w mui h iiloo^l !;.« been lluMbyt '
Hands, or, whi.h is the lame tlim^;, by tliyOril. i'
1 huu te.ircft Lhildien fioni their I'arents iWr.\<'^
M.n of funeral Kites, thou viol.itefl Tombs i tlM.;-;
ca^Vr III cndeavouiing to icu h the rilinjr Sn:', .\-. i; [h j
meanell to Hop lusLouile. 'i'liou ov> uuinill llinr;.,
t.hou iliMWill alter tl.ic fapiive Kiii^',s to .rit.rn il;/
Triumphs. (.)t (.m/ens thoudelij-htift tom.ikc.Si.iv, ,
and. troin a l.ke lncon:l.iiuy, tiiou lUtell .Slave <, it 1.'
Ixrty. 'I'hini perlu.ulell thylcit 'kou hill- t.ik^n Tm-',
wlun thai hail bribed tluir (iovdtuirs w:th More,!
Witlirut do'.iht, Ixrealtcr, ihoii ll.itttr 11 tlulcll th'j
flialt b.- .itile to loirui'r the J'rinec r>t I b 1!.
' I lorlxar tn let thy linage beiorc thy l.yis that I r.-,'
pKHcafiSi the .Account I am givinf, yo;i of ti!rM,rnr-,
We know notliiP}^ ot thole tumultUDii' .'\ir:nbl;,',t!, ■
( .iin«, tl'.o;c .Sp, ct.dc*, wiiiiji are your I'liprMicP
lights. Ot what LTc would y.u.r Conudiu-s K- int.;
mull of a I'-i.i le who molf hiartily del|ii i- t!.- !';
telkcn, anil who do notliing that can tiiri.ilh a ^;. '
lor Ki iculc .' Amon{;ll us, there arc no'ie ot tli ;:, ,:, 1
-Scenes proper to form your I'rai^i dies, i lie Prj >
nuns woukl tremble at the .Sight ot youni^M.iu.xp!.!
to wikl Rails, or at the .Sii;ht of 'llmng lu;iy M-,
s^ho, in cix.l Bl.iod, Ix-.tt .iud woiiiul i .u h orlir.' Ir: •
llivcrlion ot llhh as look on. lle.iv.ii is to i.s t :
nol kll .Spectacle ; sve admire, we rejoire at tlio One,
t!:e (I'toiomy, tlie Ki (;;i.l.iriti'S of its Moiioiis ■, wc j-;
ravillic^l in contempl.itin;; thv .Sun, mownttdon Im pu:
pk- C ar, and traveliii r; throi.pli tiie Realm:, of N:;:-.',
till he ritt.n.s at the Lnl o! tiie Year, to tlu- Kur:
Ironi wlii.h he Itt out. I'rom the I haven, wc t'.irn i '.:
I- yes t) thi' barth, .itid htkoki iliere t!ie .SpecLvI: H
Nature; a'l whof- Works apju-ar to lis cqiMily k'v'.,
avlmirable, ami iiiconipnhenlible. The Ni'tts ot t
Birds, ihe nv.iriiniiin'^ .Streams, tlie Mower', ray, >
rin[','e L<.d <il a I lower, fuli'iiently rmplnv c •'
T honj'Jiis, and .ibl^.irb (/ur Attention.
' Conirnt witli wh.it •'/<<«■< in our own Cniiutry, ^"
nevi r think ot lookin,^ illevslurc, lor t!ieRa'tii < t le'. :
Soils, and other Climate*. Nothing; llrikes i,s limit;.,
as what is our own. W'l del'pile all the I lowers ol y ...
b.loi]iicn(e ; we condemn it as a iicrniciuiis .Art, wjiil':
t>/o often te.iih. s Men to employ their Taknis in pivT.;
l-allhood the .Air of Tiuth, proteflip;; Crrncs, .uo:''.:^
Innocence, anA loiin times jullilyiii!; i'a'rici.lc. All ''.-
ri(niu'-n':- conl'ill in bi aig liiiene, .i.\! m r.tver tdl.r^
an I 'i.ttuili.

' This is a lliort Accriint of our Ma;r .r< ; t!. ; n i
liiie:nct iJctail ol our iVk'irinc.^ It is J M.ix:.i
amoi>;^ ik'- /iifi(/:iuin<, ntser to fully their S.ien*ii':;
w:th I'.lfXid by tlv Si.uij^htir ot mn.Kent Xiitiins; f.iV
adorn not tluir Icinii'lcs with doll or Silver I'Uc, ft

With the l.uUre ot I'retious Stoiu

Tliry

loo,; lip-

this as inliilt.iif^ the Diviniry, as if we ni'-.uit to P'

hill wh.it he ha-, ii.a, or as it we inti.sied to Hicw ei;:

_' lilvcs as ^.oWsiUil .IS he, by atVi.ti

g to sliii'wy '"■'

Chap. H-

of the East I x d i i-: s.

>P9

' ]lacL' nriny of tlirl'c in I leaven,
• the Piikdion of fcwial I'.iits ol

, ,^.Jrlhi|| I'i'" ^^''''' ''""'y' •""' ""' ^'''' *^'""^'- i«'i'' will

• I id't 'II '^' •^''' '"'■•'y'" •'"'' ' 'iimiliation of M( n. I Ic is
, ,i,',,\V()i\i iiy wliuli 111- h.i'. m'.irr.l the viliM.- WorM,
. l,v *iin:!i ti'- |wlavcs iviviriw, ami riuif.i it ro fuhfill.

. i-< Iroui us tliiir^ our {jooil Worb, our Virtues, ami our

• I'rJil '• . . II . 1- II !■ •

• A, I li.ive tluiJ Rivpn yoii a Skrttii ol otir Kclij;inn,

, ^jinip.rf it, I belccchyou, with ymir own i or, at halt,

• LtiW th.it .rlopilhinRUliiKiivrswIiiili allows ymi to pre-
, [!.,,(] t.ulraw your Orij'jnal from I liavtii, ami to m ikc
' lnlKf. M y"" ''"' ^■"'' ''''^ SiiprciiR- IV. in;^;. Y':ii Iiavi;

• no iiici of (irimlcur, Init as it lonlllU in an iilullrious
I HIikkI; yiHi ili'I'ili'tliriby tlir Noliiliryor your liill IJirtli,
' liv riuririi"; jll 'l'iiini',< to the Mdli, in wliidi y(jM pl.itc
' .ill yiiiir n liijht: Ydu make it tin' lole ()l)jict ol your
. Attention i you nouvilhit with Delicacies ; you lovi: no

' thin" ilk- i ami, wliiih is a nnirh (!;reatrr I rmic, you
i (1,1;,;; it wciftliy of Uin^', prfllntecl in SarriHec to the
' Suprini'' Btirig. You know not the one (loci, wiioi'. \
ami you adore a Multitude ofCioils, that are not j you

anl y( t alTijiin them
your Hoily : Mlncrwt
' rcfiiios in ilip Brain, as in the Scat ol Wif Imn •, 'Juno
' "mvrns tlic impetuous Motions of the i leart ; M(r,.ury^
' "vmir (ioil of l'.lo(]uencc, dwells on the laps-, lltrtulcs
' ",:vi'* toice to your lamhs -, Cupid \M\y.rc^ you with Sm-
' iimciitsot I'livlcrncfs •, B.v.cltif gives you 'I'alK' : Your
' Aliimnts nre under the Care of Cres •, J'nius procures
' Fniitiulncts; Jiil'ir'r oyrns the C)rj;ans of Ri Ipiiation •,
' ami .^/fc'/s, lb famous tor his AiKlrels, conducts your
' Fi'g.rs in playin;; on inufiial Iiiftrumeiits.

' Wlut Divinities are here! how narrow aretlv; Hounds
' oftlK-'',r Power, infi'inuLh that they eithir will not, or
' carnnt, rh.m;^e their reriprotal Funftions ! Their ()p-
' politi n is ni.iniffft, even from the very Woriliip you
' pay thrill. You mufi olVir a Bull xo'liipitcr \ a I'r.iroci;
'tii7i".'»', a wild Bo.ir to Mars; a (ioit to liaicbus -, a
' .'<«anto .Ifollo ; a I love to I'cnus ; an Owl to Miii(ri\i ;
' Ctkr^ to Ceri's ; and I loney to Mcrciin : llcrcidrs will
' h.w Br.inches ot I'oplar to adorn his St.itui s and Altars ;
' C''ii^\vid have none but Kolls. Y(ju dare not (.han;.','-:
' In miicii ;!s t!ir Order of thi I'e Ornnmc lus wi'iiijut iu:i-
' ring the lla/ard ot being dif|',r,ieed with them. Now,
'I'obut corlidcr the Contr.idu'ti'jn r^'i tlu le Charadlers •,
' a\! how tiny all fecm to have tntcrrd into a I .eaj^ue, to
" KTMirt you. One ealls you to War j another to I'lei-
' I ri-: This to the 'I'oils ot L'ommeiec; ; ai.d that to tlu-
' Dd nhts of ^ood Chear. All of tluni eoiumar.d you to
' i!o wliat they like : They invit;', they ) leiL, tliey loliiit
' ymi; ,ir,d thiy nevtr allow you any I'law, till ycni lia\e
' dnal th?ni. Are lueh (joils as thefc rapahle of pio-
' nwirg human IVlicity ? Speak but the Tiuth, and you
' w.;l ov/n, tint they are your own l'afTionseanoni/-d.

' \o\\ nuy cii'iovir yourfi Ives alio, in the IVivinities
' virhwliirh you h.m- lijl'd your I Icll: It ib eal'y ther- to
' ni'il your own Crimes under iionour.ible Symbols. 'J'he
' /•-'.'«.«,/.'; are your fiilaeious Thouj'jits ; •hfipl'.ii,'\i the
' 1^'i .i.j.ih (jf a Cor.liiuice loaded with Crimes ; 'l\:ii,\i.':tx
■ y 'ur '.rfatiahle Cejvaoufn'fs. Ctrherus expredcs the I'u-
' I'lilimnit due ti) lll-tpeaking ; IhJrn is your N'lces re-
' ^'-^'^rg, as ofun as tiny are cut oil". /V/(.'3 himll-H,
' t!:ro«n down tr(4ii I leavin, teaches that you arc dcjie-

KtxuA, IiLl' him, in Icr;',; ttin;; tli.u IijIl Being to whom
' y|nMVcyour()ri.-,inal. O untoriuiiate Natxn'. ' whoK-
' l\.l::;;(m ;s your Crime, while hv,ng ; and your I'ur.idi-
■ ':'' ■••t .iftcr Death."

■ .■.'*.;»,:Vr gave no Anfwer to this Letter-, neiilurdld
"■''■■?r-y himfclf any more to the Br.aehman, but a.iulid

■1 (Jt I'liile ami 'impiety i and delril'ed that Wil'd

a.i.T. Ai. xvii. j1,,,an. <\wt Curt.
'■'•"' i^.M/. L'*)/. li\4i,iiiii, I/I .l/e.\a>!./ii.

Ti. I

I'. His Admiral S,;-;flus \\m\\f. infornv ' !iiin, tli.it
thr .*ieafoii waj vtry favourabl-, und tli'.t there w.is ni>
naiuvnn fiiliii!; to 'the l:tphr,i>cs, lieoidertd Ihfbrjiicn,
With a great I'arr ot the Army, to embark i uiul with tha
Kcni.iin.ler m.iielnd on M /',y.-.;rt„v, wheie lie heard the
Complaints tint w re in.uic to him ot the ill Condui't ol hu
liov.rnors in his Ahlenee, and puniflu'd th m very li:-
verely ; and, iiaving mad" Peuc-'us tiovcrr.or of l\rj!a, h*;
a leanctil to the l\ip,!ivis, wh ri' .i mw liiidy;e h.ul beiii
thrown ov,r the River, tor the Kiil'age ot the 1. ami-
tones, .iml where, at the I'uir- time, A'c'c, /;m arrived
witli tin- Meet, and that Part ot the Army wlm h h.id been
embark il o,i board it, alter tluy h.ul ban li.t Months ar
Sea : Af.tl on this Acmunt .//o.-'w/fr inllituted new (iamwS,
and lairiti(-ed aLCordin^^ to the Cutlom ol the Giecki ',

When In; ariivLd at .V,.,,;, he trarrad Stii.'t>\i the Daugh*
t'V ot Diiriii.n bellowed molt ol the A';y;.;'; l..adies on lis
;\A;i cicw/ii/j Captains ; and m.idi.' a magnilium l-!ini.rtaln-
iiKiit on ae(-{,uiit oftluir Mania;',r''i at which tberc wtic
t)noii (iudi-, to (Very one ot which he gave a gokh n
Cup : And that th'-y might h.ive nothing to embitter thiir
Mirth, hepiil all tb.eir Jk'bt.s; and, fufjieftinj; that ou^
ot. Finnic tluy might not give a tair Account, he dirci'lul
the Sum total to be brought him, without in(|uiring into
each M.m' . Account, rintnnh lays, that this amounted
to ijS^o Tall nts ; and oth'-r Autli;ns agree wiih him in tliat
Account : But .Irri.vi, the moll exalt Writir ot his Me-
moir-, alllrms that thi ir Debts came to 20,000 Talents ".

Here Iv- hkewife punilh'd, with great Severity, liich as
had been guilty of Oppn flion and Corruption duiing his
Ablencc •, and rewarded othtrs, who h.ul behavul well. 'I o
Pfiiiijlc, Lconniitus, Nearch::!, Oir/nritus, Ueph,rf,io)i,
and others, he gave goklcn Crowns, At the lame time
he mullercd th.e 50,000 young Pcr/i.ms, who had been
tr.iined in the MiueJcr.ir.n Kxercih , and cxinclUd great
Satisfaction as to their Beliaviiur. 1 le hkcwill- ordered all
the Invalids in his Army to pn pare for their Return into
CViVCi', proniifing to prij\-id,.' for them g-ncrou!ly at their
Departuri •, inwiiiihhe certainly meant tlum well: But
the MiiCi'.uiiHVis, who were now grown p>cvilh and dil-
aft" ited, put a b.ul ConlbucHion upon it -, .iiul, running into
a Mutiny, cried out, that now he had worn them out in
his Service, he was v.-eary of the Sight ot them, and did
i.otcare 10 look upon the I la't and M.iimetl, who had loit
tluir 1 le.dth and their l.im'. s in his B.»ttlt=. 'J'liey there-
fore denrcd he would difch.uge them all, and make ule of
his dai'cing Ik)ys to conquer the nil of the World ; or, if
lie found. thcm'inlliHicici.t, he ri'ij^ht have rctcuilc to his
Father .'Imm:it \

yI':>:n>iJcr w.is grrraly provok.<l, ordered thirteen of the
Uingbadcrs to be immec.i.-.rJy lirowiied in the River, and
tor tiiree Davs admitted none (;f theiii to his I'lelence ;
v.hich threw tS m into Dd'iMir, and l-,i-(ui|;hc them to make
the ilccpell Submilliors : 1'im)ii which, after a gentle Re-
proof, h<- was reconciled to them, ami gave the Charge of
the Ir.v.ilids wCmlnus, oiderirg iv-.ry Man to have his
Arrr.irs paid him, with Money lullivimt to bear the Kx-
pc-i'ce 01 his Jourmy, and i 1 alent belides. He likcwife
b;lh)wcd on rv.."'-;.-.'.? thedoverrnunt oi Mafedoii, and or-
dered that .,>/.'.'/-..■/(■;■ fluMilil come over, with frtlli Recruits,
tiom Crf'ie \ lend.mg b.un lnllru-.l:or.s likewile, to pay the
utmcfl Hnr.our to hV, InvaliJ.s ; ai.d to take care, that at
all public Slu-ws, and in the Theatres, tliey Ihould have
t!ie lull .'■aais iiiid be nlkwed Cluipkts of l-'owcrs. He
likewile directed, rh;u tb.e Cb.ikiren ot iiicii as h.ul k>ll ditir
Live; in las Seivice, tliould b.ave tlicir i-athcis I'.iy con-
ti:Uir>; to tliem ''.

Wluii he came to rch:-!a;ia\n Media, he celebrated new
Clamesh.ivtngiiitl received a Supply ol',,'OoolViformers from
(,/,-M ■•. But", in the midll ot thcle Rejoicings, his Fayou-
rire

■^' di he would rot take the I'x.m to uederlland. But it
' "jw 1 ime 10 return to th.st Conqiirrtir's !• Npedinon, .!1.l1
' ' ■ilt.iid liiiii back to /Vr/;j, ;u> we followed him to the

lor-.i, yw
liu.

the whole Km-
in'to Mourning ; ordered. t!ic liu ted lire ot the Per-

i'l-pirjlun i\\i.\\: L'lHin wlmh he put

,d, b(

ii'tormed tb.at the

i.llH:lKi'

M be cxtingui'li'.'d ; am!, ih-d-^

■'^"h\ed in the Mour,t.iins and had never been

v.- .'10

by the Petj!.:)is, rctuled Submitru-.n to I'.nn, he

rcL.lved to dlveir his Grief, by an Expedition ir.to that

;l.i> I(i«il\ I ir ^.
,.••, ... w. !■ I.

ol" oi-l- Mi.r.; , (
.^,':.\unii J' -^' . ■■-/

..-CO, ceo/. M Oel.'fl-.fft.

Coui:try ■,

f3,M/,i!i

ff'i

1 1

|i !'. I

..■ti'.

^■p

i 'Jlf^r^!

'lli>

1 !

1,: 'V '

J'l

1 i

'. r!\

f It

ii|»

3^5 TZ't' Difcovcry. Settlement. /?;/// Commerce Eook I

loiiiilr>' V wli'uh Iif mlucfil, notwithftincling it wat tlie
Winter leaf.!', anl very c.pI.I, in lurty Pay', oulrrirn the
\klwW N4tu)M, wutioiit |)ilhinliun ot SfX or Ary, lo U
|)u{ lit Dcjtii, llilinn ilii» CtucUy aSacrUUc to llifi^Jliou'i

i Ic was now in ilip Nciphlvnirliood of the llyngmant
tir, .1^ ic i»M|n>rir.l cjIIc.I, tiu: '■.'•f.'/'/w" •"« k mi'l tl>'-f't'>re
he nivf Pir-a on», ilui 4 ureut Qiuntiiy rf limlxr
llvDJil K' cue ilown in tlif ail|.i-fnt MouiiUin^, ami » Met
Iniiti.on Uaiti wliidi hr intniiiul id luvr none liaulllt ilic
next Siimnur. Id t!r mean time Iw r. ( )lvii! to iiroc.eJ
u Rahi.H, whric Ik hid orileif.l the Kmluflidon fioin
toicign Matii to mift him, .mil wlurc he mtcmlrti to
crrd a m<ill MMpiitiiint Momimfiit tu the Minmry ot
li,pkfjl>,n\ lur ilic [•.xiH-iur o! wIikI', lie iuil li'ltnal
lo.i oo l.ildiis, uiul ilrrUrc! bd'uk', tlut he rxptdlcil he
IhwiUl he ».prih;iy>ii as an lU'io. or iVmi-fi'i^l '.

lO. N\ htn lu ilrrw luar tin' City, i\(.iiihu<, in whom
he liat! (trrJt C'limi.lcnii-, inlorm.'^l tun', tliat lie hail nut
with Ionic (iwi.Ai;// SooihUyrrJ, who wtrc in great Rt-
I'utuiion, ami wiio h.ul iliJarr !, tliat thf Kiiig's F.nti.mcc
into tl.at City w.iulil Iv fat..! to htm : I U h.ul the lame I:)-
lin'.aiions Iron) i ilicr 1 laiu!\ •, to whi< It, piolul'iy, he
Ui>iil.l haw iiltmul, hut that ihi- C/nvi I'lulolophirs, who
wnc alu lit hmi, tmk I'.iin^ to jiiliiai'i linn, that it was
iinw«)itliy lit a |;tc.il I'rin.c, ami iinlKmming a «ilf ar.il
brave NJan, to lillcn to fu h Stories. I In I'ru l^s tluit
I'W' I'l' 1 t'l" " Wdiilil Ik. IkII Ioi him to inter thcLi:y
on 111' Wiliruli, with lis I'ate towaiili the I .ill \ tut,
iilHjii Iriai, tills w.is tiHiiul iniji aCluahle. Jlixiin.Ur dul
not liowivit, ihrw, upon tins Ouafioii, tli.u lirnii^i.fb
and Stc.ulineU wKiih Uine have rrioittdi hut, on the
(oiitrary, h.ul a tlmurinil Do.ilits aiul I'eais, as waitvulcuc
tr./iii t.'ie Time lie liiei.t without t.iJ City, reiiiuvijig Im
Tent (torn I'iiee tt I'late, .iiul iKt.-.iyini: lUuii;; .Apprc-
htnl'iuns ol his Umj; lieliiteii by the Ciov'S and JKiraynl
by his l-'iiiii'-: So that he lei!, at on..', into tixh bl..tk
I'lts ul iVijar mIkI .Surpiiiun, as tciritic>l all who were
aUiut him '.

At lal>, he reiolkdeii himfelf, nnJ lUterniin, il, witii-
out fuithc-r Ue„iy^, to enter the City : To whieli he w.is
t'liJly m .ved by two Ri..it n v one, that he nii;^',lit Ihew
hi<.Loiittnipt ij tlul'e I'ru.iciioiis to t!»e tonnvt i nthalla-
tlor". b«ii)ie m.iui .iivil 1 the i.ther, a Conjecture, ilut the
ChaiJtant m\a,\\ luvv Ijn'ie |'tivjte Rcalons to cmleavour
to prevent /us entering F,ilnkn. Alter he iia.l taken thu
St'p, l»c give Aihl.ctKC to all tlie I' r.ihalla^lors whoiame
Iroat the imUiiiu i'arts ol the known Worl I : Some tiom
the Seaioafls ot .ifricd, as Inr a^ \\\r .'illailu O^eaii •,
others iriiin the I liiuiiini, L.'in.tiii, ;uul Sijiii.:iii. Siau:
of th- Natioir, ol luhy leiit to (oiup'iir.cnt hiiu -, f.nhas
the Hrul:i, LiiittHi, and Tuf i : I'here came hkwill: lioin
iuil) and Siiiii.iiia -, and even lioni the Gnu!, and dlu.
There arc i'ome \Vi iters, whu pretend th.it tlie RomMs
alio lent l.mi'aiVa>li)rs ujx):i tins Oiia'.lon i but tlu y aie
Wnf.rsot no <;re4t Credit: l-or /'.'(/.'<«;;, the Son ot /..:-
filly MM yiiji/u!:,!, wiio iDidtai.tly hillowed him, and
s»ao hit Meilloiis ot every thiny that liappeiied in thole
lJ.»y-, l.iy r.o Uii il ti.inj: : And, m .Iir:,:n veiy well ob-
lerves, the St'jiy i, not pro'.>aiiIe in itklli lur, as the A's-
m.vii were at that time perlectly tree, and the Republic
fxreihveiy ie.il.;us ol tiitir Liberty, it is a Thmt; mete-
(l,l>:e, tlut the ihould pay lutli an exiiuortiinary .Mask ol'
Relpect, as tiuv, tu a I'u.e.^n I'rinie-, aii.l more elpe-
nady tu one who let up tor ui.ivi tfal Monarchy, and pre-
Uniled tu lord it over the wiiole World '. It is certain,
h'lwever, that lu- confaiera! this Contourle ot roren;n Mi-
nillc!-, aS the 11! bill Inci lent ot' his whole Rtigii, as he
jiii'gr J it the lltongtll I'looi ol his Ixing become toriia-
ciah.e to I'eopie ev.u at tie gre.itell UiftaiiLe '.

To keep up, therelorr, this Ripuutioii, and to have
he ^1 at Oir.ccr. la Aetiun, \v;,u.li \<.as a Maxi.n he coii-
Itaiitiy purl'j d, lie fet on boot t.ire • vail Ueinjr.s at oiue.
'Ih mil (;( th;.L W4S the peri'eCt Dil'covcry ot the J/yrai-
Hiat, or Capian ijca, the hell I'art ol its .Sliore being hi-
tticrto uiiKiiow.i, iiotwithlUi.diny the many gicat River>

t'ntar.'h lit ,;'./

'' PieJtr. ill*/ /li. xvji. Arrian.
L)i dy. iiful. Llkint Ch'I. tutar,k

that tall into it i and f hit if wai that rfn1p»r^i ./.'...^jy,, ,
make a pcrlift Diltoveiy ol it« Hounds and to ne,,,
the Nations that mlMbited on iti Border^, under hii jw'
iiioii. Ilnliiond lltlip.n wav, the elialililhii ^ j j,, |,
Fleet 111 the lndi,i» ()iian V lor wlmh iHirpot, j,^ ,^^,'j
torlyUven laigr Ships acconiingto the Nuioiut tli;.
'luittj, to be hutlt by the VtitHHi.un \ tlieii tikiiit!
pirns, and broupht to UuifjiUkif and tiuin i!n;,n,',
HdkyUn. Iht Idir he inieiicUil to m.ikc ot il,,i, s /
was to ixaiiiiiic the Imiiiin Coall thoioi.jjhly, jiuiint. .
a peitect Aiomiit ol the I'laces wheic coiHTiiient iVn.
niinht l>c made •, a* alio to auiuire jieileci Intdlie mc.'
lo the Nature and Value ol InJian Conmuxiitui, |);,:,.!
he kn w, that Ship» were of little Tie, unlcUtLiyuV'

conduCtevI by able Stamen, he intrulhil dA.vuj.tC

mt>!^ with live hundred T.iieiiK, and l> nt Imii ii.io /■( ,. .
(1,1, to lontr.u'l there with a lulViucnt Nunibetui iL i
I'hois, aiiilable Seamen, t') iiivi^ate tli.it licit. Aivl, 'i
(Ticw how httle Ri(.vird he havl to the M.iXiiii* ijI t),c i\
/■i« I'olicy, he or.'ired all the ImpedimeiiH to ih: i,-
Navigation ot the Lufhrato and Iigrts to be rfii,,,v>
that 1 lerts miglit pals iheic Rivets asealdy as tv^r .

I lis thinl I'riijeCt was the Conquill ot .,'ruha, lu w„, i
la- was ixntul by various Motives \ the lirll oftluK, as ».■
ti.id It 111 .,Vr;M-«'s llillory, is V( ry remarkable. ilt\>,.
inturme 1, that the .lr,ibiaHS woilhip but two duh, || ;.
vtn, and Huubus •, the lornier, Ixeaute it coiit,ui;v t!.c s i
and Stats •, the latter, on account ot his Ni.'lons i." ,^
..•'/.;.• .iUxanJtr therefore had a mind to make then t, ; 1
Deity, and to torce them to the l.imc Sul ii.iili ,ii 'Vitrai
luen paid lii.n by the lii!i,i>is. .Anotlir RtaluiiWi, *,;
|)eli:e he h.id ot imng Mailer ot thru K.cl^is i tor, at th.:
Time, the /traitani had Abii.danccot (JoId,anilp,iTL:. i
all the Spires and rich I'eirunus that were kivjwn tut;
WoiKI. A ilnrJ Real'on was, the Situation ot tlicLui;r;.-;,
wiiuh lay in tlie Micill ol his new Conquf lis i ii; i. -,
without this Accclliun, he jiidycil thiin to be in,o.ii[ .:
But, that he mij^ht U- iJciliCtly taiislieil, both.i< toil.c 1 v
tent and Woith ol the Country .i^, iinll whiihlr \s.i, :. v.
to had his Armi-s, ami that he mij'.ht know ho* to.,,-
pole ol his Maritimr p'orie to the Ull .nivinui; . •
ihoiij^lit jiroper to tend time of his ablctl Oitiurs, ei ri
a Ian;-' Ship, to examine the CoalU. Ihe full ot t .c:
w.cs .htl'iai, who, li a Vcll'el ot thirty Oars, jjiuce ..l
out ot the .Mouth ot the hufbraia, ami ^Mcuv.iul, ,1Z ti;;
l)illavce ot one hundred and twenty Stasia, an \\\x.\C., ..1
whkh was a Temple facrcd to DiMa. This IllanJ, hy ::.■
Conuiund ot ..iViAawMiT, was tailed Leruj. He ail) ^i..-
covcud aiiotlur, and a larj^er Iilai:d. at the Uiila.iu 1:
a Day and a Nipjit's Sail liom the Kivei'j Mu'.;:Ii, :",•
N.Mi.e (it which wi* 'ly!u!. It was not ovaiyuwn v^;.!
W <<)■,!, as tlie former, but a well inhabited a.'ul wili-c„.;
vated Count. y ; But larther he duitl niJt proceed. B^'
illicit cjlit-n a, w!io ha! a Ship of the fame liiinlcii, fa... J
t.irtln r, and ixanuned I'ait ot the maritimeCoall ot .r^: .,
Ildcn excelied tlkiii Ix.th ; tor he tailed ijuit;' ruuMlt..'
(llfr'cni'.ir, unniUc /I'r.ii/un (jiilph, and lo to th; oppi.i:.
Coalbs of I:^ypl ; and, on his Rdurn, [jave .1 t./ll Aut..,:
tu. I'cMinJtr, ot the I'.xtcnt ot thetounli), wi.uiinc."
hrniM to be very near as big as tlut I'ait ul /«i;a »''•''■'
tlicy had (hliovered '.

'ilie Kin[,; was very well fatisfied with thefc Accou.r'i
a:id therelore Rave Diief'lio'is tor makin|^ all t.'ic ikcjIij'''
I'leparaiions lor the Invali'in of .Irn'ui. lie likewilc i.:-
leaed an I laven to be made .it Jiuhlcn, and failed li,i".!c^
down the hu^htUn, and int(j the J'lL.occpii, whicli wi,i
Ciuiul ci.t tioin the foimir River v the I'allagcs ol w:..^';
he dpi lied, and tauled a new one to be cut tuwiri. t,v
l.akts i and, h.ivitigthu, palled as far as t!i- 1 rontias i.
/IraLij, he ordered a new City to !)e builr, as a Muiiunii-: ;
ol his toniin'^ into thel'e I'arts. On Ins Return to i'.i..-.- .
he derided the (Ju.'./fflw Souihlayu-. on the Fallha'.: ' ;
their l'ro])lieiies 1 btcaul'c he ha.1 not only a\VXi-\\ Btiny',
but had kit it, tiuilc a Voyaye, and returned dutiict ajii-''.
Without meeting with any uiducky An .d.-iit.

• 0/W.r Si:ul. hi. xvii J 'ia-, !.b vii, /'/.M-.* i' ^.''"'■' '

Cluip. II.

of the Hast I n d r i: s.

3P7

Aihf h*l tmw fcnqui rr li h'n Apprclirnfion* inrctprrt to

ti,c 1- i"i''y "' '''^' '*'*'• '" '***•"' '" '"* ^''''''''''y i'i''«i'"i

»,i!ilk tcnviiiiciit .SKu.itinii ul tl>l^ I ity, ami to tliiiik
, 1 mAmiJ "• •'' ''•*" '"' '''' JT'l'i", iIh' Vat <>t liii
\n\\mi lor wliuliKcutoii, In- gave Dirrftiom U,x 1'\>mv-
in;ioinf, ami irUtiiiK utlia, |iul)lic Uii.Minijv Wlnic
iii'j Ihmii;'"' *'"' ''^"* »n.iii|iifi!, lu IJK,iit the IvviDin^i
i;il,,.lliiHj\ ami, luvinn liic uj) one Nii;lit till ic w.l^ l.uf,

II kily

Hour *iili "I"-' 'V''^'"'* *» 'f^fjj'ili'tt i *'"ih lie
loimili'il witli \ ami tlurc iluiik In liaul ''ic rimaimin;
I'aiiDlilic Ni[jlit, tlut It ihr.w liiiii ((itti .\ IhI-it. I lie
ntjiPiy lie batlial, ami rcmainal in tlic Batlw liimlx-r
ill Ni;:it. 1 Ik' I'ay lulluwini',, wliirli wan tlr i'»tl» ol i:„
_i;j,,j;ij,,;« Mmiili DifiiK, lir tlioi'jiht liimKit l/tiur, ami
ut liiariiiy at Niil'l'ir i hit lia>l .i i\i*''' - Niglit. On ''i*.-
jjili helairiiuul, am!, in the Haih, hear ' Scarcbus nail
the Jiiuri a! I'l lii< Voy.ini'j itml luanl iimi loiilli it tlic
natl'ay: B.it ilicii, lii» l*iv. r pu-vailinK, lie (it/ ,v tx-
ticiiulv ill. -H'^l continual fo till the iSili id tlii- l-vtiimg,
ttlidi III' ixpivil. 'I'lu Ic, unil lomc Dtlii r I'afliij^cs rcLtiiij^
t.ih.slalUilmbi arc takin tiom liii Uury, writim witli
liijuwn ilaml \ lor in lliis ht- was txtrcnuly ix.a't, ^l■|tln^
iluwiuviry thmn ol Moment that lia|>|ifm.l till witiiin a
Djvur tvso Uloic his Dcatii. I'litli: I'alliiyiii wc liml
iri:'luibi\l in irrian ami I'iutanb '.

Ok tliiiii;, howiviT, was lo iciiiarkablc in liis t'o;uliiif\,
(vc;i ii; lub lall Moments, th.it it oii^ht not to bttimitiol.
Willi hf was very near Ins I'lul, he alkeil loin.' who were
iixj..t liiiii, // ktl-cr d'fy thtjU^bt they Jhould h.ivt jUib tin-
tiyKtni^ As they reiiuiiii.il all lilent, ami made him no
manner ot Aiilwer, he urui ceded. Ion itrc i^^norant of
lily Uiil he, an.l jj •im I ; but ti is ! i mi foratl, nn\, I
ii'mrji/ii: ■uitbmy Eyes, tb.tt Maceiion vill cvtrjiow u-iib
E':J fifi-n ibis CjHlrover/y can b.' ikiuhJ, ivi'l tb.ii my
luniiil '-■-lit be (d:l/rattii by lamuinary DijpuKi. VS'lun
hc«ii all«(\l to whom he l)ti]iiiatlKci the Kingdom, he
.r.l'wcic.l, 'To tic mojl -worlly ; and, win n I'eiduuis ile-
lu.ilft!, . .'/ .. lut tiiiu be Kou.'ii bave divint llenourspaid b.iii,
knilitJ, H'itnc'.'tr y:u are (ill baply ''.

.\ttl;c I'lir.c ol Ills IVteafc, he was in the tliirty-thirJ
Y.arot hi» Ai^r, in the thirttMuh Yiar iil his Keign over
}.U.i.i.n, and in the ti^liih ol his I''.m|i:re ; and this yi eat
hint, ateordini; to the b.ll Chroiioluyets, tell out in the
jZjil Year Ixli-re the comin ■ ol 'Je/iis Cbrijl.

\\ It lus been alicady obierved, that this ;;reat I'rince
v.asix.ailingly ctaiit in lommittint; to Writiry whatever
iMiiruil to hill) ol Iinpoitaiiec, and this to the very lalt.
W'licn he \v.is lie.id they cxamiiuil hi. 'I'alilt iKxik, or, as
t.",i Aati.niscilkd them, lus Commentaries \ and therii;»
tlifv tuiind tliefc live .Sciiemes mentioned, .is neceliaiy to
h [)U! in:o ExcLUtion, lor ilLiblilliin:; a:al leciinn!;, tlie
l"'pi:c. I. 'Ih.it A thoulaiid lony Sliijis, of a lart;i r
i'l/x' t!un any tlut were thai in L'le, Ihould be built in h.x-
n.ij, Syria, Cduia, and Cyprus, in unler to liiUhic the
C:.nh.i^inuuis, and others inhabiting t';ie Sva Co.iih ol"
/7.\j a;id y/i.;;«, to;!;i.ther with the .utjaient lllan.ls, as
Ur js ycil-j. On this I le.id, it is natur.il to oH'.rvi-, tli.it
.■r..v.!«iir)udcliiel)y in View, in the briiit;in;; tins I'rojeet to
lx«r, tlif (l*aMi!hin[; a iinritime I'ower no; t > Icd.ilinited
V'.tiii w:..ih w.b, m Truth, the Tliint;, ol' all otheis, he
"ijlt aflii'iul, as well knowinj', that, widioiit maiitime
I'lWi-, the wiikll Ivniiire is a I'ril'on, \.\v: Keys of whiih
-■;■ in the ll.uuls ot' v.h.uever btate ii MilhJs ol the

n. T!..it a [i! lin an! dircifl high Rond Ihould be made
■■lt!iM)'igli the C'o.ill of .Ifrita to the I'lllars of ller.uUs.
I'l'Wis [itopeily aciJul to the foimer, as conduiivc to
• •' "i;.e Uvligti ) lui, without Inch a Kuad, neither the
l)o.i,;:;;nii 1 1 ^hof- Co.ilU eould be leturcd, or the Com-
'•■" .i.'.'i'.ii i.ectluiy K,r a lice ajid univerfil Commeree be
''I'l'leii. .Sueli a Rial would, he lorelaw, [ rove to
''"'"1> ami, in a lliort .'-'i>.ke of I'lme, be found lo con-
^ ■■.")it, (Ipe, uily 111 the hands ol lo wife a I'eople .is the
''■•«|. tlur itwoii'd jueventthe Country, through which
'■ . -'^'i, troin falling under the Yoke of barbarous Mailers,

'.-/ill, V /,, ///,., in. /,». He JifJ, acroriting to the bell CilcuUtion

«n.l thrrehy jin lirvr thr Isnipirr, info wtK,r.' I land^ focvrr
it'ell, in a nicaf mraliitr, int.re, as attoulin/, tl.c Mrari
ol k.rping remil.ir (lanloes m maviiiicnt : rati :ri», and
t.i(ilir.itin(( the Mardi ol Uu h H(kIm» ut Trooiii as nii(;ht
k-tieetllary lor ru,i|irell ijf, W'^bcllionB, lb as to rrcii .my
I'art ol tliat great Sp cc of Cotintry in a very llioit
time.

III. Tlut (ix impnilii cnt Trmplt^ (liouM !»>• built, anil
the .Sum 1(1 liltieii liuiult d 'i aKnts b. lai I out on i-.ich ol
tlirm , another .Stroke ol the l.iine I'oluy, m order that
the Concourii of I'tople to thele I'lmi'lis ihouki maintaiit
•Sixi.ty and Aanuuit.iiKe, prevent the Revival of liar-
barilm, ami mure all Nations to the I.ove ol a free ami
g' neral Corrilpoiulemt, by the minj;liiig tru|uenly in tho
CeklTation ol the latne LitrcJ Rites. I ins w.n very
confonuni to liii own loollant I'rai't'ee of kecpin;; up a
great Spirit ol Religion in h;s Army ; in whuli he louml
Ins A( count, and had the I'ric Its, in every I'ait ol hii
Dominions, inllfJv devoted to his .Service, wh.th was thi:
lurcll Means of keeping the iVople iimei : Yet it doci
nut appe.ir, th.it he w.is a I'lo it, or aimed at ob'i[jin<ir jH
Natiijii^ to hjlliiw ins .Seiitim.nt'. in RilM',i):i. lot r.ithcr
the contrary j ,: r he h It they.;;'/, /'r>/iii>u, ln.l tins, ;;n I
Ij>\p:iaiis, the irec b.xinile ol ijieir uljuctive l-onns of
NVorlliip, though th.-y were all ihratly rcpiijjnant to his
own.

IV. Tiiat, in convenient I'i.icrs, Arl'eiuls .md H ivens
fliould Ik- (ontliuaul for the Reeeptioa and Sciuiiiy of
the Royal .Navy. It is clear frmn h'juc, tlut he intended
Ins liiipire Ihouki Ix; protected and d^leiuled by a Nav.il
I'oiee. It was i X icUy contorinal)le to li!'. IJeli.iviour in me
JiiJit'', an, I ar ilabylAi, win re he ne^lec'tcd iioiliiiiir, Ip.ireil
no I'aiiis, cither ol his own, or of Ins ,\rmy, to iliicuvtr
every Corner where he lame, to cximi.ie the Rile and
C'ourIc ut Rivers, their Mouths, ai:d the Means 1 1 rendeiing
thim lervueableby tlieCoiillructu-nof [^ropc; t la Iv uis and
l-ortreir.s to pr itea tiiein. 1 hi:, app.auel t..t,-u.i.^t, ,\n\
ulikls to h;s Miiiedonums, who hid .liwiys an I. ye lo ttieir
own Countiy, and coatid.ercil allt.icir Coiujiv.is a; ■\c(]ui-
litiuns to tiiat little contemptib'e .Siaie. Hut .lL:<ividir
lud other 1 hoUijhts an.l other Mews, ;w hi. Inttnt w.is
not only to cunquer tiie bell I'art ol tlic Univerle, ar.dio
keep it w lien coiiijuered, but to r.duee it iiii kr a rei^uLir
l-'orm ol (ioverniuei.t, lb beiieti-ial to all his Su'i'ieiis, tn.it
t'uy mi^',iit li.ul tlv.ir priv.itJ li.tcrelts d.'cply runcerned in
niaintaiain!; the public ll'.[^ulaticns he meant to iiave
iltal.lilhed.

\', 'l'h.it all the new Cities he li.id lound^d, (luniKI be
jil.mted with Colonies •, and that Peo; le liiou.d be lor th.it
I'uipole tranlpoited cut o\ Lurcpi into //vr, an i cut of
^ijiu iiKo Liifvfe, to tile end mir, by utipioc.il M.ir-
ri.ij'es and li.t.r.iuxtuics, i'eace and Co:noid ini^.-ht bj
cll.ii)lil!iul 1,'etween tlu two j^^,r.'.it CoitJieiiis of the
World. This was the I'oii.t to \.i,i.h ihe oi;ut l'ro']e\ts
tenJeil > this w.ts tiie Centre of hi-. lX-li[;iis, and the [;r.ind
Uojeiit ol ah his Contiivanifs. 1 lie Conluleianon of this
I'rupoli.ion e\pl.i:ns his whole Conduct, ;;nd feives as a
Key to cve:y ore ol his paiticul.ir Seiicniis. It w.is in
(;i\ler to this, that he w.is lo earetul in Uilxluiiii!; all the
l)arbarous Nations m li:s Return Ircm Iii.da \ that lie took
li) iiuieh l'.iiiis to have the Loads ot Per/u, and the J'er-
Jian Gulph, Ibaceur.itely examined ; ti.it h.- iletirmined to
reduce .IrruKii, t!iat all the Sv.iCoalls on tliat .Sule mi-lit
be in his l'olliiii;)n i tlut he thougl.t ot difeoverini; and
Ijrroiiiidin;', .ifum; and, in line, t ^it he Iraiiicil, o.i the
(tlur hand, a Relolution of cx.;ir.iniiiij tlie Coails, and
fubduiny the Naticns th.it Lurdcred on t!ie //;rc.;«;i/«
iiea.

1 le was not i f the narrow Spirit (f liis Countrymen,
who woukl li.ive fubiedted all the Workl to MucwLiiia,
but h.id a Sou! as cap.uious o-s tlie \\ orld he foui^ht to con-
quer, lie did not, as many have invu;iiied, nnh on Ironi
\ lelory to S'kiory, f;om Cor.quell to Conqueil, witiiouc
knowing v/hat he would be at, or when he would be con-
teiiteil i but pioceedeil uiufory, a nd on a reg.iiar I'lan,
winch he laul down early, as we fliall Ihew when we tome

ilial can ht inaiic, about the Lilltr hnJ of^l"'.)- '* Pi-Jj>-- Suul.

''piiu, /(^. Aii. I "'« A.'i, III Lkm.-K. ' D.jjj'. Hi-iii. t'lkwii,

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ill ' 'pjh;!. It:;'

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l!'^>'^

•I

35)8 Z/J-i' Difcovcry, Settlement, atiJ Commerce Eorl; [

to fjveak of tlic l'oimil.uion of /,l(x,inJrta \ and inirliKii
fteaaily to tlic very Day ot his Death, ai appears hy his
attiiviint-', whiii he was lb near it, to the Jotiriul ot Af-
<7rf/'/(.t, wiiolc N'oyaj;- lud fo elole a Relation U> Ins f^ran^l
Dclign. As, inl.iyin[; open tliis Syllem ol IVlicy, 1 have
iollowed eviJ.ently the Minutes of this great Monarch, the
Reai'cr can entenain no ilnubt of the Truih ot wliat I lay.
Inilceii 1 might have tolKcted much of wliat is liere ile-
l.vercil Iroinothtr .Stipsof hisL'oiuiuct ; bmthcn myt'.n-
je.tures might have U-en ililputcil ; whereas iujw, I luv;'
given unquellioiuble Authority tor cvciy 'rutle I Iwvc
avlvanccd.

II). J\'iitunb, in Ills two ieatncci Orations on the I*or
tune and \'irtiie oi .iUxanJir the Great, lias j'jven us
al'iuKlanec of tine Tlioughts on tiitfc Subieth j and many
of our modern Writers have, with intriite Iiulullry, tol-
lechd, from his Lite, all the diaertnt Indicitions of lus
Virtues, andot Ins Vires. I niijll confels, that 1 tlo not
think tile tiue Ch.irarter of .{'.ixan.lir can be this way
re.ichcd ; f jr hii \'iituts and Vices were ino'.l of tlu in con-
flitviiional, .and appearcii acciii;ntjlly, as tluy were by
tliturent Ocralior.s ftruck out. His folc Principle ot
Aclio:i, his ruling and fuverogn Padlon, was theCoiH|uelt
of til- known World ■, tioni a Notion, th.it, under his
Direction, M.inklrid niij;ht be new-modelled, and Ins I'.m-
piie l(j Cdpftitiitfd, as to mainMin .ind I'lipport itUll. In
all liiKiMn I'lalubility, h- origm.illy either derived tins
N.)tii>n troin tie l.ectunsot .■r:jict!t, or gathcfd. it trom
the WOrks of U-.tncr. But, however he came by it, tiiere
is noCJ^iellion to Ix" made, that he had formed an Liea ot
this I'mpi.c Ixlore he quitted Mticchn ; and this is the
tiue .'^tn^e of the Aniwer he made one ot his Capt.iins
when Ik' ilivu'td all Things amongll th. m. What he kept
W,r hiiinVll.' Hop;-, returned he i that is, the Hojx- ot
tliis I'nipire, tlie very Thought i.. wliich nude Inm regani
his liereditary Kingdom, and all lib tjimcr ConquelU, as
nothing '.

It was this that in.luted him to reject all tlie I'ropo-
fitions m.ule hiin ot Peace -, tor, atfordini^ to his S< heme,
thite coiilil be no IVacc, till he wjs.MalUr ot all. '' hisleii
l.im todtllroy the City ol 7vr<', that he nuL'Ju jnit an !• tid
to tlmr Mo!iop.)iy ol Trade, \\\\k\\ was liirectly oppofite
to the byilem he h.id lornied, and was cndeavouiing to
tarry into I'.xirution. It w.is this that induced him to
Hay I'o long i:i A.v/',', which has b:en cer.fure.l by l<) many
Wntas ; iKcaulo tluy di ' not er.ter into his Plan, or
r.ir.ceiv>.- tiu- ulriir.atc X'lew of .il! his Conquells. It w.is
tins t'lat kd hiin to ti-.e lu/ardous l-.Xjxdirion to the
Trmj'le ot 'jiip:t-:r Animcn, and tlie foic Ktafon why h.;
atfected to Ik iliought the Son of that GckI, tVnn a No-
tion, that the .Sovmign ot the Univcrfe Ihould n<-t be
conlidcred as the Ud-prmgof a Man\

Hydegrcvs, however, tins giLW upon liini •, an.l wliat
ai lull w.is a PiiiKij^!;- o! Poluy, at lall bicair.c a loibl;-.
lie lound his .M.ufiLnninj, wJRi.evcr they were out of
IT.niJur, ready to rally him on that iiubjiiit ; and this w.is
a l\..illcry lie CouKi not Ix'ar, In-caufe he really Ndievcd it
neccliary to the .Supi>ort of his Dcfign' ; and theietore he
ti^ok UvL-ral M'.tl.o'.s ot in ul.aiinf^ this into thtni ; not
that i.e I vir propuli .! tin y llio'.ild ixlieve it, but that they
might be iiicnt on this 1 1;-ad, a:-,d It avc it to lueii as li.ul a
L'ai)..city tor lauh-',. Ikit lie cir-d egrcgioully, when he
im.!gi;-.ed It woul.i pals uiKin tli.' liiJiain,^v.'M were really
too lubtile for him in tiiat Point, .uid turned the ba!4c
u[>' n hinlelt '.

It was tins th.it induced Irm to comply with th • .Man-
ners ot the PcrjLms, a tiling dctellcd by Ins MucUmaiis,
I) cauf- they dul not und,(.Tl1an>' it ; lor he dni r.ot tall into
t.us from a Spirit ot Luxury, or trom a IVlirc of j-adin"
t!ie lame cliViiuiute Li!.-, which the I'eifuin Monarchs had
done ; but w.th a View to concilute the Atiectioi.s ot his
new .Subjects and Ixcaofe he thought the l\iji,in .Manners
r.iotr ag;:eai)le t) his .Syikni, tiian tholi- ot tiie,\/,;,^-
d-.ini'.ns. I he 1 ri.th of th.s may be hiiiy fliewn Irom two
Acii ons of ins 1 ,ite, winch moll Wntirs h.ivt- r( \a- tl witli-
out Kelkction, as il th y h.d been Acts ot I'.lhun, or ol

Moilnefs. He felcfted thiity yo«ing Men. of tlif mr.- ■■
l-'amihes in Per/m, to whom he gave the 1 itlc of / r,'-.
i. c. i<is Cht.'drtn, and allowetl them the Honour of if'.."j
him i which threw the MaceJoni,iiis into that violfu/jlj^;^
ny, when he achially disbanded tlicm, uj-on which tlir\ i >,'
tAo Days and a Night in Trars U-lore liijT«,t '(.'^ !
l.iil he was icconcile.l to tlvm -, and, upon this Rctglir"
hation, he wept himliit', and, with great IVndcrnt:'. tlu
tliem. they were all his KmfiiKn, and allowed as niaiv •
th- pnv.itc Men, as plealcd, to kits hiiii; whiclip'a',,|"
newcd, that his former Inlhtution was not the K(vt '^
Pride, l)Ut of Policy 1 and did all that was in his iV.v-'
m.ike them conceive and enter into his Si.Mtiinnit^' r !
thiie might U- an 1-nd of thefe peevifli Dilpims iir ^
future. But attir this, when Cajfandtr, the Son ot „>■•
piticr, who was jull lomc from CVcf,/, h.id AudicC't
him at Hahykn, and could not help laughing when h- f,w
the i\rji,ws ailorc him, this threw .-llcx.wdcr into He-
Tranlport of I'alfion, that, taking him lallhy the 1 bir Ix-
Ix-at his lleail a»!;:iinll the Wall; not that he railvl-.
lighted 111 thefe Honours, lo miiih from Vanity, as IrX
a Perl'ualion, that keeping up this IXcorum was alfc.
hudy neceflary to his new Character''.

To lay the IVuth, if there wasa Dirtcrenrrbctwcfntln:
Kii-.g ot MaceLii, and Ins .Sub)ccfs, there was as wy.- \
DitVirtnce between the Monarch ot that little tot.r,i:v
and tile Sovereign ol tin- World.

But to conclude, thou!;h there were other Conqijcrtr:, 5i
well AS ..'.'ixatukr, who hatl Notions of beco.m ag Lol;
ol the I'luvcrte, yet in tins he was lingular ; \iz. tiat !;■
entered into the Spirit of the Character, and finccrdysd
eamellly ende.ivouied to ix-have as it would become Kiciu
Mon.ir>.h to do. He threw off all I'artiality f.i ti,;
Country, orth.it l-amily, ; and as he alVcCtcd to rulv-.Vi-
kn.d, to lie made the Interert of Mankind l.isCa.v. Whci
he built .-lUxnKdria in A/v/>/, he inr.nded to make it t^.-
Centre of Conimiice ; lie call hi;. L.ycs upon lld\kr., \z:
tht Scat ot Government-, and f em- to have rrlervu: (,?..■ t
tor the '] heatre ot Arts and Sciences, which he tiiuii:
Wire bcU iii;J.crllo(Kl [y i\w j-iiheit-aiis : And thus htV-
tended to juvc made one Part of the World iililul :>)::.•
other i and, by inlpirn-i; the iirtcks with the 1 eve ui Cl:v.-
mirce, and the liarbari.ins, as they were then Iblni, \v'.:i
an Iiiilinatioii tor thcdrci-i Litirature, and ixh.ivlri.; w.ih
equal Kin.inil') to all Nations, when thrir Atiairs lai !h.:n
to lus Court, he tl;ou;',ht to have bknde.l tlic h-nai
Sp. ciesiii luch a manner, as to have worn n!f tlwr :r-
row Principles, and to have inl'pircd theni, by di^rui,

Willi Suitiments like his own .

It was this that made liim lb dcfirous of fcirclii;-;; ' i:
new Countrits ; not that he would fjoil and plu:\l.r th;
Inhabitants i lor his Army, wh<n it h.ad conqif.r.l t ,;
India, Win m Debt i but that, ly .xquiring new .Si.l ■..■_-,

' t1.» ri-.tL,. > fTf. If, .' V, . ..(.,.... .t \1,.. ht.-rtv [j

lie miglit make a greatt r NuiuN-r otMcn happy,
mm up all in a Wort!, ctlier great Conqu.rors ii.ivs l.ij
the PollcHion ot the World in \'ie\v, as wel'

A'lxander w.is the only Prince that ever thought of ...■
quiring a Title to that Polleflion, by making itthel;-
terell (if all Men, that he Ihould govern and coiiinu. i
thcin.

in. It is not to be doulited, that tlirCom]uells ni.i.'cl'y
/uexandir were long r( inemlKTcd, iho' th y w-r.' r :
long maintained, in the 7«i//^j ■, lor, upon the lull Pivi;''!
of .iUxMder\ Dominions, his Captains, who could l"'^*;
agrif in any thing ell'e, were unanimous in tlnir Rclok.!ii';i
ol gi'-ing up tlule I'nivinccs to 'liiyila and l'oi:i!, Uc.'-'.^'
keep them . /V;(/.;n/i repoi!-, «■'
•ompofed Miii>;r~ '1

tlu y kri w inn jiow to keep them
tlieCiuiitof fome Writers, who c

iiev-iuiiioi lomr v* ruers, wnoeonipouu nn.i.i ■
///(•vdWiiVr's l.iie, ih.it long after his Deceale, the /i-j.'
Priiueseame tolaciilice on the proc!igious .Altars K. i^'^
nchind him. This however, dois not leein prubali^'' '
looks hkc a (,r,',-i liCtion, lime no Author ot iinquclii
abl>- C'ndit evt-r reported, ih.it tlic-antient /nJiitns Ivrh
at all, at leall in the Stnie ot t!ie (irceki: for, til')

1 ruth, that w.u. rej ugii.mt to tlitir religious I'lii.ti; ..^

Si.ul. :^i,l. Chi I Ju'luiK /.o^o.

' Pid!auh. i« .Uiat.J.,.

1 II.
. ,1 .<■.< unr-

.3 : .■ 4 . L

fft ' "WJiii'

Chap. II.

of the East Indies.

But tlicrc is bettor Authority for a Fad of a greater
... ^,.|j ,./,_ tlut it" thf Macedonians liaci complitci witij
J'j<,.qiidl of their King, ami had paOl-d the Rivtr
Cur ■/, til- y ''•"' very probably tuccecdcii in their I'^xpcdi-

p'^'iiotttiJillamling the Force- of the GnnJaridj; who

,!arLii to opiiofc him i for their King Xandmnes was
Lwi and ilclpili'd by his Subjeas, for this Rcalbiv I lis
Mmhcr, who was tiic lawful Qi^ifcn of that Country, liad
IlkiimLovc with a Barber, whom (he firft raifed to great
1 inrluymciits, and then gave him an Opportunity of
ivji'l.nni; the King her Husband, which made way for
him to nuiry lier, and to become the Guardian ot the
Kin''s only Son, wiw was a Child ; and foon after put
Q'i\\)i the Way, by the fame vile Hands that had been
imiruul in his Father's Blood. This fuccL-isful Traitor
hail i -''tin hy the Qiieen, who wa.^ the King hefore-mt ntion-
tJ whom Ibine Writers call XaiiJrames, and others /i^rnm
iir, **h() wiis luted and contemned ior his mean Original,
lid' tor his low and vicious manner of Living : So that,
r.otwitiiftanding his potent Army, he would have been
jcirce able to liave withftood yJlexander, whofe Manners
wcuIJ iirobably have been more agreeable to the Indians '.

At iiuft, this W.IS tiie .Sentiment of a great I'rince, who
aftcrnards ruled in this Country, and held atairCorrel'pond-
crxc v.'ih the Greeks. His Name was Andracottus ; and
ue may gucfs at his Power, by the I'rcfent he made to
ickms, ot 500 Flephants. This I'rince, at the I lead of
an .■Irniy of 600,000 Men, conquered the bell Part of In-
ii; anJ had a great Eftccm for the Memory oi Alexan-
iff, whom lie had teen when a Boy ^

The Eallern 1 lillories are full of the Exploits of cur
ftcat ConijUiror ; but very few of them, at lead, that
have icaclied us, in this Part of the World, are to be de-
jvrAd upon ; 1 or they are written in a poetical Strain, ami
arv fj vilibly mixed with Fiftions, that they can be ot no
lletolkhasdelire to be acquaintcil with l-'ae^s, and not
t) bt cntiTtained with romantic Adventures. Tiiere may
be, and doubtlels there are, tome valuable Hiftories of
thull- Times, in the Arabic ami Indian Tongues -, but wc
Lave hitherto had no Accounts of them, becaufc tew Men
0! gr-.'.t Learning travel into the Indies ; and thole of an-
other Sump are better fatisfied with tlufe kuid of Books, as
t:iiicr ot marvilloas Stories ; and coiirequeiitly more eii-
terrair.ing. it is, however, dear, even from tlufe tabu-
li'^j Wiitings that the Glory of this .Monareh Hill lur-
vlvcs in diolc Parts : And, as we (hall fee hereafter, in the
Vdrks of our antient Tr.iveliers, t!te Tr-idition of his
Victoriii was very ftrong, when tiie Europeans firll vitired
t!;e lrJ::s. And therefore, to avoid Kepetuions, and to
1 rcwnt thib .Sa'Vum from fwelhng to .uiy greater Length, to
t:i;ni wc Ihall reter our Readers.

:i. In order to apply what has been a!re.idy I'lid, .nnd
M luftity ciir iiuroilueing the 1 liftory ot Alexander the
Ortat her;-, i: is iieeellary to coiifi.Icr him as a Traveller,
who, by his f'xptdition into this Country, made it nnieh
bcttir known than it had been Ixtbre his 'I'ime. Xeiicp/xn
contound-d the Indies with a Province of that Name, he-
t»K'n t!ie /■ ((.vvit- nnd Catpian Scis •, from wlienee, very
l-roiubly, thole Lnibadailors came, to whom Cyrus rt-
l.rrulciTtain Difputes f.ctwecn him and his Nei^.hbeurs.
lilt notliing was more common, than to co,\l'ound Elhiupia
*;'.h the hiies, and even with Egypt : So tliar, .as Arn./ii
tfwus ./.V.vu«u'.rhimlelf, when he full came to the River
h'-'J!, wrote a Letter to his Mother, in which he told
htj, that h- had aiUially difeovered the Sources of the
'^■■t\ which kitlicientiy difcovers how little Aniuaint.ince
t-"-' .\rtxnts then !iad with thofe Countries '.

It !s to he oblervcd, that Alexander entered them from
'•It Niitiurn Provinces of Per/ui, palling thnn.gh the
•^our.try of Parcpr.mi/ts, lb called from the neighbourin;;
•^'••e-.Uins, whiili the Macedsni,:ns thought lit to e.iil
an.l hete he eaufed a City to l)c luiii, which he
In this Country lay the Region of

i4,Tt.l .ilexandrij.

''««• 'W'M-i.,/,:.. vi.

Si>

uh. I'Utanh.

J^hn

on the Cophes, the firft River in the ladies pafTeJ by the
Macedonians ; tho' Ibme do not reckon that, but the
Choafpts, th" firft Indian River. Between thele, lay the
Aracofiam ancl Tyraans. Advancing Hill towards the lull,
he met with the Ajpians and Afpa^onians, the little River
Evafpla terminating that Country, l-rom whence he
marched among the Dardians, a very numerous Nation :
He likewife approached the City of Puce'.a ; and then,
falling into the Country of the AjJliceKi, took their Capital
Majfaca, where he was wounded. Turning then towards
the South, he reduced Ora, the Rock of Aorniis, and
Kcbolima, which lay near the River Indus. From that
^River to the llydafpes, lay the Dominions ot'Taxiles, the
Countries inhabited by the Ariajpians, the Sobeans, the
Afenians, the Stbes, and the MaUians -, in whoit; Terri-
tory Alexander eaufed the City of Ntcea to be built, as a
Monument of his many and rapid Victories '.

On the other Side of that River, he erefted Etieephalis,
m Memory of his Horfe, which had fervcd him many
Years, and died of old Age, near tl.is I'hte j all the
Country hereabouts being within the Doioinions of the
brave Porus, which extended as far as the Rivcr Accfincs.
Between this lall-mentioned Rivcr, and the Ilydrades, the
Country was barren and uncultivated, as being inhabited
by Braehmans, who h.ad, however, a large and llounlhing
City on the other Sitle the Ilydraoies. Hi tween th.'it and
the llypba/is, lay the 'i\ rritories of the Scplitcs, Cntheans,
Pbarafeans, Phe^cleans, Oxydrnciais, ami C/ther Nations.
This River Ilyphcfts, which fi^me Anthers call Ijypofes,
and allb Ihpanis, v.as the Eallern Boundary oi tiic Mace-
donian Empire i for they never palled th.^t Kivtr, but in
order to erect the vMtars, and other Monununts of their
having encamped there, which have been'fo til ten men-
tioned, ami which were erected in Iniit.uion oi Hercules.

It is intirely owing to yiLwandcr's, l-'.xpedition, that we
know any thing of the antient .State ot tl.efe Countries ;
and, as to what lay hetweui i\w Iiypl.-c:/::, c.-.-.d the G.w^^es,
we know little of them, except tl;at yiriian has mentioned
two Cities, Minnagcria and Biny^.ixr., whicit, he iay%
were very opulent, and Places of great 'i'radc '. All
that vafl; Country, wliicli is at this Day lb famous, and lb
well known, from the Jundion oi thoi'e Rivers, quite to
the Ii;dus, as well as the low^r Pait ol the Pcnintu!;!, were
allblutely unknown to them, except a tew Nations, whole
Names the Reader will find in the Map : 'i'hey ealbtlthe
relt ofthe Inhthit.'ints by the general Name of A-Js-i'-T/Wrt/;/.
All this Country is what wc now call Ww, on this Side the
Gi:>.'ges : It coiuained in the wliole iiS Nations, or Pro-
vinces; fomeof which were pretty large: As, fbr Inllancc,
the Kingdom of Porus, whi^h contained :;oo Towns; but
others, again, were very linall, li.me of the Iiuiuni Princes
not h.iving above two Towns belonging to them, ard
thofe, probably, not vny large. \S it, ,111 this Space, there
were not fewer tl;a,- lorty Rivers, meil of tlicm navig.ible,
and all running into the Indus ; which mull have been very
large, (ince the Ilyda/pes, which was only one of the
Rivers that leil into it, is laiti to have been twenty Stadia,
which is a lull League, in Brea.'.th '.

Let us I'.ow er.de..\ our to fix the Bounds of the Indies,
astluy appe.ir fro'm this IVKriptnn : On the North, they
parat. d Ircjin the Country ot the Scytijians by a

liiilsie
C

l-Vi'-", the Capital of which was Ca'pijjd, a City that
■•»-; tion rumed by Cyrus. Bubatcne, which w.is reiiueed
[)'[.' I'm bon, lay not far from hence. I'he City of
'V.'. trom whence /^c((//!'(j cime P.inbaflador, was feated

Mountains, whieh the Mhed.niaiis called
C.tucafus, that .llcxander might have the Honour of reach-
int^ them, as well as Hercules. On the I'".all lay the Ganges.
As to the Wetlern Bounds, one krows not well what to
fay to them, liiice the oldell Writers certainly take in
/iralij, %vith a \ iew, no douhr, to give an Air ot I'roba-
bihty to what they relate of the Conquells ol ILicchus,
Hercules, Ofiris, and ^ef'Jlris ; but, with regard to the
Expedition ui .ilcx.snder, the WelUrn Limits ut tlic Indies
oiiglit cutainly to be pl.iced at the River //r/'/.f, or Arabis.
On the South, thty were bounded by that Part of the
Ocean, into which the G.inges, and the Indus, dilcliarged
themlelves.

As to the Cities that were built by .■Hexander, and on
iv.oll ol whiih he bellowed his Name, there are lo many of
them, that it is very ililhcult to elei'ciibe them. '1 hat

■^ £/ij/v. .■{■riiin n.itat.h.

which

i;1^:i^''l?-^i!lllf'Wi'

■'iM! I, '■

K'f Mil I': ll-iH

■■\mn

^[ r

1'^ ij

U[ ;

'ill

I., ■

.;i

ri:.,

■'ii

' 1;

! ': f

i m

'% *!ii;lh

li'ii

Eif

400 The Difcovcry, Settlement, and Commerce liool^j

\\\

%(M'

'Ml'

vliich lay tartht'ft North, was built ui>()n the Rivrr calltil
J.iH.ii.', I.y (Ik- MaaJoHiMS, but talllly, as has becnlictoiL-
oin. iVvili anil was, without Doubt, intcmlcii to t.icilirat;'
r'li- l.xiH.\liti<ins he intcniltxl to have made tor the Dil-
(ovcry ot the Caj}iai S-.-a, ami the ai'jacent Coumrns :
'i'o the Soutli ot tins ft<XKl another Ciry ot cltsandrin,
up <n t.'ic Kivcr Oxus; anotlicr on the River V'hus -, and a
tiiin! tMi the Kivcr Marcus. All thele were to the Noitii
of Mount Parci'iiiuifus \ to the South ot which lay two
other Cities ot the laim- Name ; one near the Mountains,
aiul another in the Country oi ./rid. On th.c River Jitins
llo(Ki ancthir .:/ix,i>iJiia -, and, in his K<turn trom th;- /«•
</.•.-.(, Alcxsndtr dircctfvl a Ciiy ot" tiiis Name to be built tv
the Countiy o\ UcJ.rofia '.

In all tiieD Citi.s he left Ginuui Colonics, in onler to
cILiblilh an ii'timate Correlponilcnci.' Ix-twcin th.eni and his
/«,/,-.;; Subiivts, that lie might have a moie pcrtet't Ac-
rount ci"all thtle Cc-untiiis i and mirjit know the better
ho.v to rigulate his t'uture L'nd;i takings ; Yet, how wile Ib-
tvcrhis I'rcciu'ii-r,'- in tins iilpn-'t mif^lit be, they were
iniialy overtuiiicd by his Death, wl;ich gave tlic Greeks,
who wire we.Mv w.th liviii!; in tl.ol^- Cities, a.O[)portiimty
«it loiiiiking t.'.iin -, and the Inh.abiiants ot thole Countiics,
who were .is weary ot their Neighbo^irhorxi, an Occalion
Co reiover thtir I'revd.cm : .So that all llir: line I'lan he h.ul
Jor.ned. tor the [xi tei t .Settlcirunt ot th;s Fart ot" hs Doini-
nions, wa, quiikly ovcrtiiiiKd and dellroyed : Anil, which
is not a litile lii'.guljr, the vtry Mcthoii he empioyai tor
ni.ikini; this i'art ci the WorW better known to the
Click.', proved the Means ot leailing tlit in into new Mil-
lakes about It, lintc fuch ot his JSoldiersas hvcd to return
home, inllead ot gi\ inp a jult and fair Rihrion ot their
Adventures, in the Country through which they had tr.i-
v> lied, arinilid tlu-nifelves with contriving idle and extra-
vagant hictions, as irrecofKrilcibk to each other, as all ot
tlicm wtiv to I'luth. We may cafily gucis to what a

' AiriuH. l^Cul. Cillar. Cfj^rafh. .Inlij. Ttm. i\.

» Uk.

Height thr Invention of his .Soldiers rofe, frnmaPir.
that hapj)ened in his Life-time j tor Craiem, cr.f o'f
piincipal Officers, in a l,etter to his Mother .UiU.,,^]
which was extant in the Days o{ S:rabo, g.ivean An 'l!
othis arriving, with .-{lexan.lfr, on the Banks olthcHiv"!
C,in;t;es ; of the Bre.idth and Depth f f wl.i;h Kivrr h-' ■
jHMtrd Uildly whatever he had heard, (jr came in his H(."i"
lime it is moft certain, tlwt he was never thtrc, nor t-
deed, vx-irth:Ganj;c}. ' "'

Slnih therelore, who was a rery karnd, ami a r n-
judicioii, Writer, treats the .Stories if thdj Men, t'l-^J
delcended to him, as equally ritrcdible and abftirc! ■ -"^
IwricuLirly mentions three of thofe Authors S whcwr!
fnmc People, were eveiulirn in grcuLredit, ri::. .'1,,,!
(hiiJ, V. ho is lirll named, not in Order of Timr, but i<. t'-
pre.itell l.yar. Mf^nftbines, who w.is eniployalin an F.i^'.
b,!ll"y to .Indriuotiiis before mention! d, and to o;li.: /-.
iH.in Princes; whereas Daiinachts was lent to his.S-.n /' .
Ireciuicles : 'I'heli.- both rejiorted Huh I hin;.',s of /;,•.••.• -.
were not to be endured, much lct"s btlievcil; fiich as;'—
there were Nations that wanted Mouths; others \i'"
Some with one l"ye j ami others with proiiicK.us '.-.r-
l-'ect : Nay, they talked of Pygmies that wtrcVt^hjv;
three Sp.ms high -, with Abundame of Imh-Iikc fcur;
.Stories, of which the Reader may find a hp-'!' .'Vcctt.Mn
Plhiy '. The third Autlior in this C.iTah giic is Oiuf.r:.:!:
w!io was cmi>l',>ye(l by Jltxander in M.iri:mK- Af;"a-,r'<, wbl
tho* addicle'vl to FaWes, did not go quite fogre.tt al.^rLth
as the other two. I5ut the Credit of Nearchui rtn-.V' ; u-.
i;iipeac!icd, in a great ineafurc : And therefore, ;i5wj Juv;
his Journal ilill preferved by //r;va«, it is rcquifit'.*, thit::
Ihoulil follow, as a Supplement to this .Section, ami a '■a-
cimcn of the Journals that were written in this Pfry;,!o!'
'I'lnK- ; from which tiie Reader will be alk to lurni i
Judgment of their Author's Knowkilge and Abilities.

« //;>?. Sat. lit. vi. c. 2-y

!!it-'M:8l

hfi '< ; !

SECTION VI.

y!n Account of the Voyag: made hy the Fleet <>/' Alexander the Great , t/nc/cr t/^c Com/inrJ :!
Nciirchiis, from the Mouth of the Rijcr Indus, up the Pcrllan Gulph^ for tk Difc-'j^'j
of tbeCoiijls, ami their Inhabitants. .> > c . f

[ From the Journal of Ncarchtis^ prefcrvcd by Arriaii. \

1 V:c R'-i7f'.PA that render the inferting thif Voynge necejjary ; ■uitbjome O/'/'ervaticrts 'ti the Triinp:''.".'-!
it /•! RdnuiUo's CoL'eSlion, oihl the Extrad'i'uhlijbed h\ Vaf:t:\\s^. j. TL' J)e/!^>i o/' AlcxanJa j« -Vi
J '..'./■edition ex/l,ii\rd, and the Manner in le/'/t/jNc.irthus came to be intru/ied^'u-itl) t/x Cmimd 'f :'■■
;. The r/eet J'ai is front the Mcuth of the River Indus, to the Ijl.uid if Croc.il.i. 4. Contin:u f':^:'
roydgc, lUiJtireexceedin^'ly dijlreffed by hard U'eiither. f. Arrive ot the Mouth of the A'/tvr 'roiiiLfus
and idi^-erle the Barluirinns that endeavcnred to binder t.'.eir landing. 6. li.-marki made in tbii / 'jvph
Nc.uciius, ,;;/,/ a 'Jtijisfuatim oj tUfe Remarki. 7. Obliged to make a Dejcent, in crd-r to'-k.:-! •:
Supply of RrovifiOHS h Force. 8. 'Il.at I'art of the rcrii.'iii Cutjl, inhabited' b\' the Iclitliyoph.!gi, /. >'■
I'lili c.itcrs aciurejtety d--Jrri!>ed ; together lei'th the Qi/icms and Manners of the Inhalii'ttiKtu 9. I'-
J'nuTeinrnt cf the .M.!cedui;i:iiis at life ISiglt oj /f'hales in thofe Seas, and the Prudence r/' Ne.ircliii> :i
that Oceafijn. 10. ylrrive at a Port., 'U' it bin Jive Days "fcurncy oJ the King's Camp, to i-^'/i/i Nianhai
repairs, and is mo/l honourably received by Alcx.milcr. ii. Re/iiines the Command of the Fleet, cidfro-
Jnutes his Fcyage through the Vccfiin Ci/lpb. 12. Jirings t/.Y Fleet Jdfely to the appointed Rrdr.'.-i'-,
and is i;:agnj:cently regarded by Alcx.iiuler for L is Diii:^ence. 1 j. The Sentiments '.f ar.'ient H'riun ;i
rejperi to li:n Fouige, and the Charailer'of Ncarclius. 14. R marks, acbicb prove the Neuijitj mi

U.s.'Uy 01 prejerving Jiich antitnt l'rA-a:^es. ' i y. Srjne Obfervations on the State of the Commerce oj '-''
I'uiies larhin t! is J'enod, and en the Manner in ich'ich, <4r the Confequenccs of this Foy.ige, it Kift
f.-^ive been ajtcled.

IT !.a, Iveen Kforc obferved, that /Uexmder t!;c indeed widely dilTerent, from thofe of mod grc.it Conq-"
(..reit IS confiiirred, in this W.,rk, as a 'Iravelhr, rots, and tended folely to unite tlie human Si>cdi5, f •''
.IS w. li as a Co:K|ueior. I la i he only overiurned t!u' r-r. MV-t?; and cxti nd the Iiitercourle of liiliir.t .r.u si.hc:--'

Parts of the World with each other, it becimc al^>lo.u:'

/V,-/.7;» p.mjnre, .and elbihlhed that of th. Greeks, ,.. ..,. .,„ - ^ ,

might Ivivr mTitrd tome Notice in a Collection of this mieflary to fet thele nefit-ns, and the I'rogvcl-; h^' ir.J,s

N.irure ■ but we lliould ncv.T have taken th-- I'ains to h.ive in t!u ni, in the fullcll I .if-ht pofTible •, the ratlicr, lifCiU;

lolLwed hi.n lo < loUly in hii-J"raveK, or to have exinuneit the 1« It Giogrupheis, the' moll ac< urate llillon.ins, •"'"

the I iii;e,^.,.s ol hi:, iVii y : But av th L w.re diirv:\;.t, the .ibkll Philolophers c^l Antiquity, aJ;now;n!i;'.' '-•;■

Chap. II.

of the East I n d i e .^.

46t

fives indebted for ainioft all the Knowleilge they acquired by the Pains tlic King hlmfelf took in Ijilliig down both

this Part of the World, to the Expedition of Alexandtr, Chancls of the Ganges, and by his magnificent Sacrifices

lihfConfcquenccs of tliat Expedition : Among thefc, to the Gods of the Ocean for their Safety. This fufR-

Z moft remarkable was the Voyage of Nearchus, from ciently fhews, that what Alexander did on this Occnlloni

,hc Moiitli of the Rivi r Indus, along the Coaft ot Perfia, proccedal not from a fuperftitious Nature, but from a re-

throuc;li the (uilpli of tiic fame Name, to the Moutli of fined Policy •, for he well knew, that, to excite and

th- ifivtr Eupbrales. ftrcngthen the Courage of fuch as arc to encounter them;

This N'oyage Nearchus not only conduced in Perfon, is the fame thing as lelfening the Dangers to whicli Men are

tut wrote alfo a very accurate and dilltnA Account of it, expofed.

.., 1 :. ; _.-/-. r_„.. 1 ^ Ncarchus followed in this the Example of his Mafter %

for, as foon as the Seafon of the Year would permit, that
if, in our Author's own Words, when tiie Ettfian Winds
ceafe to blow, or, in our Language, when the Monfoon
fets in, he weighed Anchor on the twentieth of //«»////, when
Cephifodorus was Archon at Athens, and in the eleventh Year
of Alexander's Reign, having firll faerilieed to 'Jupiter the
Saviour, and celebrated Gymnaftic Games. The firft Day
m.'ingled, and intcrfperfed with many of he failed lower towards the Mouth of the Indus, to a Place

wiiicji in his own Words, is in a great meafure preferved
„'thc'Ww»Hiftoryof//»rw»i is frequently quoted by
^■HkMiPh»y\ and was indeed confidered, by all the
Eiut W rittrs of Antiquity, as the moft curious and au-
Hientic IVce of its kind that was then extant. It w.is for
(he fjm" Keafon, that the judicious and indultrious Ramti-
h inUrtai it in his CoUee'tion \ and our voluminous Col-
Icdor ^niiel Purchas has an Extraft of it in his Work,
hut ibriilge;'

thofi' Imi^'itinencies, with which moft of his Relations
Hi tillal.

On thing I miifl: oblcrve, even with regard to Ramu-
/«, the aWcil Man, b( yond Comparifon, that ever under-
took a IjiMW of diis Kinil •, and that is, that he has not
oblirvat any Order of Time in his ColleiJtions, which, as
1 apprehend, is of the utmoft Importance to the Undcr-
ftim'.iiig the 1 lilbry of Difcoveries : And it was for this
Ku;or, which, I doubt nor, the Reader will approve,
that I rather chofe the hard and laborious Method laiil down
in tiic tirit Scetion of this Chapter, than the eafier Way
if ailJing Voyage to Voy.nge without any Connexion i
which might have indeed entertained, but never would
h,ivc anfwcrcd the End of Inltruiition fo well as the Track
wi: arc now in.

:. We .ire toki by Nearchus himfdf, that when Alexander
had, with fo much I'ains and Labour, failed down the
River Indus to the Southern Ocean, he was extremely de-
firuus to purfiie his Navigation along the Coafts ot Per/ia,
and fo into the (iulph, through what was then called, as
the fame Writer exprefly tells us. The Red Sea-, but was
choked in this Pefign from an Apprehcnfion, that, in fo
long a Voyage on an unknown Coall, where many unforc-
frtn Di.'Iiculties might be met with, and his Fleet be ex-
pofed to many llazarJs, fome unlucky Accident might
happen, that might tarnilh the Glory of his former Suc-
cels, and expofe him to a Reverie ot Eortune, which, of
all things, he moft feared. He therefore determined to
intruft the Command of his I Let to fome cxiierienced Of-
ficer, rather than make the Expedition in Perfon : But, as
he iniormed Nearchus, he not only found the Choice of fuch
an Oificcr extremely ditHcuIt ; but, what gave him molt
fain, ihofe on whom he had cafl his Eyes for this Service,
endeavoured all of them to iledine it ; ibme through Fear,
others throu;^h Lazincfs, and others again from an earneli
Defirc of remriiing to their own Country •, which gave him
Real'un to doubt, that an Expedition, the Confequenccs of
which he forcfiw were of the laft Importance to his Syftetn,
might be ablulutely overturned.

Nimbus, toucV-d with the Concern which Alexander
llifv,td ujxjM this Ocealion, frankly ofl^ered him his Ser-
vice. ' 1, O King, faid he, will undertake the Direction
' (4 the I'kct 1 and, if Providence fecond my Defires, will
' CDiiduc^ it, and the Soldiers embarked thereon, if this un-
' known Sea he navigable throughout, and the Indultry of
' Man can overcome the Haidlhips that may be met with
' tliercin, fate to the Coall of Perj^a.' Alexander, at firft^
refultd to accept this Offer ; told him, he was unwilling to
expolc o'lc, tor whom he had fo great a Regard, in lb dan-
gerous an Enterpnze : But, when he law Nearchus fixed in
hisKilolution, he, at lalf, complied, applauded his Mag-
nanimity, ami iinniciliately declared hiin Admiral and Coiii-
niandcr in Llikt of his Fleet.

1 he News ot this Choice quieted the Minds of the Sol-
cierian.l Saikjis, who wire to Ijc employed in the Expe-
dition i for, Will knowing the King's Tendernels for his
IrienJs, and how high Neanbus ftood in hisElfeem, they
conceived, that this Voyage would not be attendal with

called Stura, at the Diftaiice of about loo Stadia, wlure
he remained two Days ; the third Day he weighed front
thence, and proceeded thirty Stadia down the River, to ii
Place called Caiimana, where he oblerves the Water remained
fait, even after the Ebb ; which fliews in how low a State
Navigation was in thofe Days.

They failed thence to Coreatis, .it the Diftancc of about
twenty St.adia , but here, or at kail when they weighed
from hence, they met with great Difiiculties ; lor, feeing
that the Mouth of the River was, in a manner, i)locketl
up with Rocks, the Coaft fteep, and the Sea running higli,
they were afraid to make much Way ; but, at Lift, tinding
the Rocks foft, they cut a Chanel five Stadia in Length;
through which, with the AlTiftance of the Tide, the Fleet
palfed fafely into the Sea. They then failed one hundred
and fifty Stadia, and difcovered a fandy liland, called Cro-
cala \ on the Coaft of which they remained another Day :
The Coall oppofite to this Illand was inhabited by the //r-
bians, an Indian Nation, fo called triiin the River Arbis ;
which, running through their Country, f.ills into the Sea,
dividing their Ferritories t'rom thofe of the Orilans.

Sailing from Crocala, they had on their Right Hand a
Mountain called frus, and, on their Leit, a low mariby
Ifland ; which ftretcliing towards the Shore, ni.ic'e a nar-
row Gulph or Bay. In this Ann of the Sea, they found
a very lafe and convenient Port ; which, bec.iule it was
large and fair, Nearchus thought fit to call Alexander's
Haven. Againft the Mouth of this Haven, ac the l)i-
ftance of about two Stadia, lay an Illand, which was called
BibaHa -, but all the adjacent Country was com[)reliiniiccl
under the Name of Sangada : Tlic Illand before-mentioned
rendered the Port prfedly lecure, which was a great Com-
fort to the Macedonians ; becaufe the Winds were now ex-
ceedingly high and tempeftuous. Nearchus, that he might
fecure the Forces under his Command from any Attempts
of the Barbarians, caufed the Can.p, in which they lay on
lliorc, to be fccurcd by a good Retrenchment, well lined
with Stone ; and here he lay twenty-lour D.iyi.

It is very ealy to account for this Accident, which hap-
pened .It the Time of the Year v/hen the Monloon is not
thoroughly let in, when there are cominoiily .Storms in
theic Seas •, and it is likewile no dii'icult Thing to appre-
hend, how Nearchus, and his Seamen, came lo b;: to ex-
tremely timorous and cautious ; for, in the lirll pl.iee, they
were failing through Seas ablblutcly unknown to them •, in
the next place, the Shape and Sizl" ot their VclUls irnuered
them unfit to live in a rough Sea ; and, which was, pcih.ips,
the greateft Inconvenience ot all, they had no Stork of
Provilions, but depended intiivly on what they could, lioni
time to time, get on ftiore : While they lay in this Camp,
the Seamen took abundance of Water-mice, and Oyfters
of a very large Size, called Saienes ; and tound the Water,
when tluy attempted to drink it, very f.ilt.

4. The Wind lieing allayed, Nearchus i\c,M) weiglied An-
chor ; ami, having m.ide alKuit lixty St.ulia, found liinifelf on
a fandy Coaft : An Illand that lay near it, and was det'ert,
formed a tolerable Port ; tlie Name of which Idand was
Doma ; but no Water being tound on the lu i_<;libourin^
Coaft, they were forced to go to a Meadow at the Dillance

the Difficulti 's they had figured to themftlvcs •, and there-

lorc refiimcd their Spirits, and began to prepare tor it with of about twenty Stadia, where there were good Springs

I 'I'N ' tM

great Alacrity.

They were likcwiic mighuly encouraged

The n':xt Day, haviny failed till it was Evciunii, and having
5 K mads

if'

m \

40Z T/jc Difcovcry, Settlement, and Commerce Book I.

ji-''-<-i'' ;. i i

r'^f-M'j

'■li

made aliout three humlrrcl St.nlia, tlif y anchored, anil louml
VVat-T .ibovit eu;ht St.uha ililKint trom the Shore. Theme
they lailal to a lidcrt 1'l.u.e, called Sticnla -, and, in their
Way, iwlTuI over two Rocks or rather Ix-tween them, fn
that'theOars ftriick againll them ; and, having failed three
Jiuiulred Sta.iia, tiiey arrived at Moroniebaris : This they
lound a large, roiiiid, L\ki.\\ .md late Port, the Entrance
into whiclj was narrow, and ealleii in tlie I anguagc ot tiie
Ci.iintry, n'aisais !hVi-» ; WcmU the Nation inhabiting
the Co'all had, in lormcr Tmus, been governed by a
Wcman,

MaviniT julTed the Rocks, they found themfelves now
in a wide rolling Sea ; having ail that Day an Ifland on
the Ixft, Ktween which and tiic Continent the Sea mailc
a natrow Sir:ii;ht or Gulph, lo that it looked like a Canal
tut by Art •. tliry [jroceedai that Day feventy Stadia. The
Shore ot this Illand aj)) eared covered with tall and th;ek
Trees, which alVorded a pkalant Sliade. Thiy palla), the
next Day, thr.iigh a narrow Chanel, occafioned by the
Fbb i and, after Tailing one luimiad and twenty Stadia, ar-
rived at the Mouth ot^he River ./ri-;; i where thiy lound
a very large and conveni-,nt i'nrt, but the Water was fo
brarkilh, that they could not drink it ; They continued,
th:r:lore, their tallage iij) the River about forty Stailia j
and ther.' they came into a Ijke \ and, having taken in
Water, tell tiown tiic River again.

The Ifland that lies before the Port is very l.irge 1 and
on the Coall there are very tine Oyllers, and aliiiotl every
other kind ot I'llb, in great Plenty, and excellent in their
kind. Here ended the Country of the .Irbiam, who are
the laft of the InJiait Nations : They inhabit one Siile ot
the Mouth of this River, and the Ontans the other :
■Sailing from the Mouth of the River ^rl>is, and ct)alling
alun Tthe Country ot the laft- mentioned Pc-oi)le, they came,
at lad, to I\^,!l,i, at the DiH-iiiee of two hundred Stadia,
am! moired clofe by a Rock, in the mean time, fome ol
the Piopic went on (hore tor Uatc-, which being brough'-
on lioard, they weighed early in the Morning, and made
that l>ay three hundretl .St.ulia, arriving in the Kvening at
tt Place called Cnbr.na \ they anchoreii at a gooel Diftance
Irom the Shore, iKcaule it was extiemely rotky.

In their iKxt D.iy's Courfe, having viry bad Weather,
two ot th< .r large Ships founder.il, and a kller Bark was
a.fo lol^ ■, but, being pretty near the Shere, the People el-
caped by Swinming. In tiie miditic ot (he Night they
put into CodUii, having tailed alxjut two humlred Stadia 1
anil, tor ttar ui tarther Acciiknts, they anchored at a con-
Jiderable Dillancc from the Coaft.

••;. .As the Soldiers anti .'^ailers both were extremely fa-
t^gueil with, the Dangers through which they h.ul lately
palTed, he ilidiiglit prcjjxr to liiltcr them to <vi on fliore..
in order to recover thilr Strength and Sjjirif:, t'ottilying
hisCamji, lor fear of the liarharians, with a goinl Re-
tn nelim' nt. Leontialus w a? then heri:', to whum ,1Uxaitd(r
hid C'.nunitti-d the Care ot reduting the Oril,ins, whom
he hid iuil dci'eated in a great Battle, wherein they loll fix
thoufand Mrn an I all thiir Chiels •, and ti;r whuh Sirvice
Ixsimaiui afterwards rctilved Irom his Mailer a Ciown ol
Gold.

'I her; was likewilV in this Neighbourhwxl a Magazine
cl Corn, whiih lud been erifted by the King's Com-
mami •, and from wh'.;ncc the Meet was turnilhed with ten
Days Provifion^, the V'elTcls that lud luti'ered by tiic late
St<Mms Ixin;; re; aired, and fueh as were weary ot the
Voyage left on Ihore ; Their I'laccs were fupplicil by fm h
of I.ecmiatuf\ Army as were willing tog(; in their room j
fo rh.it rhe Mm kii.g in g'Mxl Heart, and the Ships in
tolerable Com'.itu.n, tiiey put to Sea with a fair Wind, and
prcKceded tor th'? S|nie ol live humlred Stadia, when
they arrived k the Nlouth c.f a River, called Tcnnerns.

There was a kind of Lake near the Mouth ot the Ri-
ver, and on the (.oaft the People lived 111 little I lots ux
C'oirase-i ; whf», at the Api>caMnee of fo unufii.il a Sight,
aniniMed in great Numlx-rs on the Shore : They were
arnievl wirii I.inccs i^t al>out nine ii<t k)ng, the 1 leads ot
which were not ot Iron, but hardened in the lire, and
ftiarpened lb as to terve inftead ol Iron : Thele they Ihixik
at tiie Maitdonians \ and leemed to tha-aten and invite
them CO fight. Ot thcli; liatiianam Cm liuRdri;d turmed

themfelves into a kind of regular Body, ami kemd •
difpofe themfelves in fuch a manner, as if they ipipl ']
to hinder them Irom coming on fliore. Nearchm h
confidered their Dilpofition attentively, ordered tin. |',^
to draw fo clofe to the laind, as that their Javelins J', ''.
reach the I'.nemy. He rightly forefiw, that, tlmu"h t^
Lances ot the liiirhnrians might ferve them wdl ('ng, ,
in a clofe Fight, yet it was fimply impollihle thty ^;l\
k- able to life thein at a Dillance, bccaufe tlitir \\\ .'.
render«d them unwieldy, and not at all fit to Ix- thro«"
When the Meet had brought to .at a proper DjiI.ipcm v.
artbus dircCled the lighteft-armed Soldiers, and tin,:; j '
could fwim kft, to hold themfelves in Readinefs, ar '
a Signal given, to throw themfelves into the Watfr/c!
ing them, .it the fame time, a llrict (. harge to wi.Mc,,
each other, and not to attempt letting Foot on the Shot-
till they were dr.iwn up in order of Battle, thrce-d;-"'
an<l then to rufh on the Enemy at once with a loud Cry.''

The Soldiers in each Ship executed his Orden exitlv
threw themfelves into the Sea, f>vani towards the .Siv,:'.'
and, being drawn into a Phalanx, rulhcd upon the 1 nn:)
.It once with loul S!;outs : At the tame Inllant, thoko«,
lx)ard rent the Air with their Ac( lamations amlthrtn-j
large Flight of Darts and Javelini trem their I r^;r«.
'Ihf Ri'.rlaiions, amized at the Splendor ol th'ir.lfns
the Sudilennefs ot the Att.uk, the vail Ncniher ui \\.
rows and other We.ipons that f II aniongft them, v.i.i «>:;
halt naked, .and not in a Condition to rifilt, fled.:sUlhs
they were able. In their Flight ni.mv were killed, ir.jrv
taken, and li)ine f w (leaped to the Meuntans. .Suchi;
them as were made C.iptives hail not only tlv, ii- 1 Ic.uls hi
their IVxIies, covered with long I lair, .ni'ii the r N.i/.yro-
digioudy long and lliarp, fo that tlu y ir..ade iifccttht:!i
to cut Fifli, and even li'ft Wood ; fiieh as w.k hrdi-,
they lilt With fh.irp Stones •, lor they had rot the 1 1- a
Iron : All the Cloathing thty had was a kiiul ot Vn'.'k;
made either of the Skins of wild Kealls or ot Lt;;: llli.
Nearcbui ordered Inch of the Ships as had liililrcd ry hi'i
Weather, to Ixr ilr.nvn on fliore, and iclitted. On t.ht
fixth Day, he profecuted his Voyage ; and, having fiiW
three hundred Sr.idia, came to a Plaee called Shb'.i,
whieh was the laft I'ort in the Country of tin.' ^''-eni. .■
This Nation, m their Habit and Arm*., refemble ih: /n-
dians ; but differ from them in their Laws, and in th-;r
Langiwge. The Length of their Voy.ij^e, from t^sc k-
ver /irhiSy was a thoufand Stadia i but, in the Wii i?,
about lixteen hundred.

6. In liiiling on the Coaft of India, l^eariihui obkrvfii
that theSh.Klows of the People did not fall one Way; tu;
where the Cotintry ran out into the Southern Ocean, i!':
Sh.tdows fell alfo .Southwani •, but at Noon tlv-rj w,!<-o
Shadow .It all. The Stars alio, that before api^.ired v;ry
high, were now cither fearce fren, or were drprcira! to-
wards the Fjrth ; and tlich as had been always c.if.i-
cuous, were now obli-rveil to rile ami let. Idonor, uvs
/Irrian, difTent from tins, becaufe at Sinn in f;'v/'/, i '.!";
Sumnur .'^ollbce, tlivre is a Pl.ice fliewn, where the .'■iin,
at Noon, catb no Shulow ; and in the Id.ind 01 ^.V;!",
at the fame time of the Year, tliei • are no Sa.idow. I: '.<
tliTifore, very probable, tint the Iii.iiiim, wholiv. iiniy:
the fame Latitude, lliould have their Sli.idows c.Ai:i
fame V\av, elpciially towaids the Indian Ocean, irJ
where tlie Country runs out moff towards the Soinl..

This Oblervation of ,^rriflii\ is veiy iulieioiis; andtX
Fact, as it is Ibiteil by Neardnis, may hr vrry pmhabK-
true, fince that Part of Indut he f|)e.iksof, lies i:iin-;!utdy
under the Tropic of Cawc.r, where, when thr- Sii;; is .n
their Z nith, Ikxlies call no Sh.itlow ; otherwile tlxirShi-
d<.ws mull tall to the North : Hut fiuh as live to the South
of theTnijie, at that .Sealim ot the Vi ar, when the Sal
is 10 th" North ol th -ni, have their Siiadows 011 the South.
It mull, however, W allowed, that if Ncar.l.u, wa» a:i
b.ye-witiiels, the Mouth of the Indus is l.ii 1 dowN '■'"^'^f
the Ixll Maps, a little loo far to rhe Noirh; vs hieh, 1 ta'i!!.
is ai^r'-e,ible to fome mixlern (")!)!ervations : Km we ih'-U
have Occafion to treat of this Matter more at lar!;e, .n ano-
ther Place,

In the mean time, we will proceed witht!ieVoy.i!;f «•
fore Ui. Beyond t!-.c Oriuns, withiii-land, inh.ibit ttv

Chap. II.

of the East Indie

465

Clrefiam ; in pafTingthro* whofe Country Alexander loft
(ire I'foplf, tl'an '" "*" '^'^ ^'"/'''» Kxiicdition bcfides. The
Tiircfum inhabit likcwife that Country, within-Iand, on
the" Mantimc Coafts of which, dwell the Icblhyopbagu
that is tlie Fijh-eaters, on whofc Coafts they failed •, and
,.(i.'hing Anchor on the firfl: Day, at the fccond Watch,
ihiy'uilc^i 600 Stadia, before they arrived at Bagifara,
vvhfre they tbimd a very convenient I larbour for the Fleet.
I lie City of Pd/ira lies 60 Stadia within-Iand ; and the
aJjaccnt Country is inhabited by a Nation of the fame

The next P>y they failed very early ; but, meeting with
,1 rcckv Promontory, which ran a great Way out into the
S a, they wcrcobhgcd to fail round it ; and, on their fink-
i .-Wills on the Shore-, they had a great deal of Water,
hit brackilh : 'I'hat Day they remained at Anchor, the
Shore btin;^; unfafe. They came the Day following to
C<;(.;, at the Diltance of 200 Stadia ; and, iailing the next
Morniii" early, they nude that Day 600 Stadia, and an-
cl^orul off Calma, where they found a few Palm-trees,
with "recn Fruit upon them. There lay an Idand 100
Stidii from the Shore, called Carnine, where Nearchus
was viry hofpitably entertained by the Inhabitants of the
VilLrr, who prcfentcd him with Sheep and Filh. The
Flj;h" if the:r Sheep had a filhy Tafte, like that of Sc.v
fjivl, ar.J for the lame Reafon, becaufe they feed on Filh ;
tor in ti'.at Country they have no (jirafs

•. 1 he ni xt Day they proceeded 200 Stadia, and found
aVi!!.i:;f, at the DifLmce of thirty Stadia from the Shore,
which was called C)//, but the Coall is called Carbis. Here
thcv nv.-t with foim- fmall Fidiing-boats, but at the Sight
of ill-.- He.-t tiny tied. There is no Corn to be met with
on this Coall ; but fome of the People, going on Shore,
qui';: a few Goats, which they brought on board : They
thnii.iiiblala I'romontory, which ran 150 Stadia into the
Sc3, i':i the other Side of which they met with a fife
Purt, whirc tlierc was great Plenty of Water, and a Vil-
Iv^c inhabited by FiHicrmcn. The Name of this Port was
Mfiiriio. Wnc Nearchus met with one Hydraces, nGe
dnfim Pilot, who, at his Rcijucll', failed with them, and
pr,iT,ircd to cany them lately to Cirmania. All the Coaft
Irtni h.r.ce to the Per/tan (nilph is much better known,
an;:!;i;' S.iiling much let's difficult.

The Meet \vei[;licd from Mofarno in the Night •, and,
tiaving la:tt'l 7. -o Stadia, arrived AtBalomum ; from whence
th y i-rocceded to Barna, which lies at the Diftanceof 4C0
S::.:i.i irom thence •, and here they found Plenty of Palm-
ire;'s jwl Cirdcns. In thefc Gardens there was Abundance
0; .Myrtle, of which, and of other Flowers, the People
ni Ji Garlands : And this was the firft Place in which they
to'ir.J Trc.s cultivated, and People who were civilized.
It m thence filling ico Stadia, they came to Dendrobofa,
ivh.re they t'.iu not go on ITiore. Weighing IVom hence
inthc Night, they continued their Voyage to the Port of
C-'lha'.a, at the Dirtance of 400 Stadia. This Town
l;';;w;r.' was inhab.ted by Fiflicrmen, who had fome fmall
I'll:!..! Buats, which thty did not row, after the Grecian
nur.r.tr, with Oars but with Paddles: In this Place they
tr.c: with Plenty of Water, very good.

l;i t!',j lirll Watch of tiic Night, they weighed from
thrn.e ; and arrived, after palling Soo Stadia, at Cyiza ;
iHiitlie .Sliore Ixing extremely fteep and rocky, they re-
numed on board their Ships. Sailing from thence 500
^.liii firthcr, they arrived otT a fmall Town, Handing
'H^in an 1 lil|, not tar from the Shore. Nearchus thought
It [ :'ih.ible, this C(juntry was cultivated -, and Jrchias, the
^■r. of .-kaxidoius, a PcUcan, a Pcrlbn of Diftinftion
WMiL-ll the Macfdonians, gave it as his Opinion, that they
I1' u! 1 iiolTcfs thin-.tilves ot' the City ; for the Inhabitants
f^tuld to j)art with Corn: Yet the taking of it appeared
p'tactuahle, baaule tluy had not Lxifure to befuge it.
jiit'icone him!, howcser, they were in great Want of

'■ul ; ami, on the other, they had good Reafon to be-

• - ilk Vine was not dellitiite of Piovilions, btciulc tluy
j;!'. met with fmie full Fars of Corn, fwimming inthc
-'•', not far frrjm the Coart. After confidering the Mat-
ter nuturcly, it w.is refolvcd, that the Fleet Ihould pro-
^^'^^^^^.orj.it Icaft, ftcmtodo foi and iVwrfitw having given

Archias neccflary Inftruflions, in his own Ship, caft An-
chor before the Town, in order to manage the Bufinefs.

He accordingly approaching, as near as he could, to
the Town, and fpeaking to the Citizens on the Walls, in
a friendly manner, in order to obtain Refrefliments, they
brought him fome Cakes, made of Filh dried and baked
[for thefe, being the laft of the Ichthyophag, , did not eat
their Filh raw, as the reft did] -, fome Dates, and other
Things, which, with them, wereefteemed Rarities •, which
when they had kindly accepted, Nearchus dcfircd to fee
the 'lown ; and, as they did not refufe him, he, and thofe
who were with him, went into it, leaving two Archers at
the Gate : Then himfelf, and two others, with the Inter-
preters, mounted the Walls on that Sidei and having given
the Sign.il to Archias that was agreed between them, the
State of Things was eafily underftooel, as foon as that Sig-
nal appeared ; anil the Macedonians immediately ran their
Ships- dole in to the Shore, and began to make a Def'
cent : Ifpon which the Inhabitants took Arms. NearcLiis
then commanded the Interpreters to make Proclamation,
that, if they would lave their City, they mull furnifh the
Army with Corn. At firft, they denied they had any
Corn, and enile.ivoured to force them from the Walls 5
but Nearchus, and his Archers, letting fly among them,
they were foon forced to retire ; and now, finding that the
City W.1S taken, they were forced, as Suppliants, to apply
to Nearchnt, and bcteech him, that, accepting all the Corn
they h.ad, he would be pleaH-il to fpare the Place.

Hereupon Nearchus gave Orilers to Archias to fecure
the Walls and the Gates, himfelf fending others thro' the
City, to fee that they fiirly brought forth what they had»
The People fliewed them a great Quantity of Meal, made
of dried Fifh ground, but very little Bread-corn. After
they h.id taken as much as they thought might fervcthem,
they failed to a Rcxrk, which the Inhabitants called Bagia,
and held it liicred to the Sun. Weighing from thence, in
the middle of the Night, they failed 1000 Stadia to Tal-'-
mena, a very fafe Port, well fecured from all Winds.
Thence tli( y failed 400 Stadia to Candida, a deferred City,
in the Neighbourhood of which they found a Well, near
which grew fome wild P.ilm-trees, the tender Tops of
which they cut down, and eat ; for they were, by this
time, .again in great Want of Provifions. All the next
Day .and Night they continued their Voyage, under the
great Inconvenience of perpetual Hunger, being ilill on a
barren Coaft, where Nearchus would not futfer them to
Land, for fear, in this defperate Condition, they might
be tempted to delert their Ships.

8. They continued their Voy.age, therefore, 750 Stadia
to Canate; but, finding the Landing ditficult, they pro-
ceeded ftill Soo St.idia f.irther, to a Place called Troefos.
On this Shore there were tome fmall, pitiful Villages, the
Inhabitants of which h.id quitted their Houles : However,
they ft)UMd in them a little Corn, .and fome Dates. The
People had alfo left behind them feven Camels, which
they immediately killed, and e.it. They put to Sea again ,
by Break of Day ; and, having rowed 300 Stadia, they ar-
rived at Dnga/ira, which was inhabited by Shepherds •, and,
continuing their Voyag- the whole D.iy .and Night, with-
out InterinifTion, after a Run of iioo St.idia, found them-
felves clear of the Country of the Ichthyophagi, but in ex-
treme Want ; for, even tlierc, they could not go alhore,
becaufe the Co.aft was rocky and fteep.

The Length of this whole Coaft, which they had now
failed, w.as about 10,000 Stadia •, and tho' the People arc
called Ichthyophagi from their eating Fifli, yet they can
kmc be ftiled tifticrmen, few of them having any Boats^
or knowing how to go out, and catch Fifh, but taking
them on the Strand, as they are left by the Tide : Some
ot them have Nets, that will extentl two St.idia, which .ire
made of the Leaves and Boughs of Palm-trees, wrought in
an aiikward manner : Witli thefe they Ipread the Shore
about the time of F.hb, ami lb catch a v.ift Qiiaiitity of
Fifti, of all Sizes. The fmall ones they cat r.aw, .is loon
as they arc taken out of the Net 1 the l.ugcr and tinner
Filh they dry in the Sun, till they \\nm perteflly hard,
and then grind them into Meal, of wliieli tluy make Bread :
Some of them, likcwife, fry this Meal into a Ibrt ot Pan-
a cakes :

\4}

r'l
I 'I

■ m

^04 57;^ Difcovery, Settlement, md Commerce Book I.

'ii. ! I.

■ 1 5 ,

t'l't

["I I

i f

1 ' :•
Is

vxkis : They feed alio what Cattle they have with this fort
«t 1 ith-nical -, lor thc-y have no kind of Grafs in all this

Country.

There are, Iik( wife, fouPil, upon this Coaft, vaft Qiian-
titioot Lrul.5, Ovrters, ami other Sheli(i(Ti. 'I'hc Soil
ol itklt pio,!iKes Salt, anii the People tliemfelvcs have an
Art ot making Oil. Tiny IniiM their Houfes in this man-
hir; Ihull who are in tlie bell Condition, nuke ufc of the
Bones oi \\ Iwhs, tiiat are thrown on fliore, inftcail ot
Bvanis i and ot the largell Bt.nes they make Doors. The
piMtir .S>-tt make ufe of the fnull Filh bone-;, to bviiid
tluir 1 lut* i lor the \Vh.ilis, and other large Fill*, which
are brrJ in thcfe outer Seas, arc of a much larger Size than
in out inner Seas.

ii. Ndv.bus likcwife tells us, that, failing from Cyiza,
about Break ot Pay, he f.iw a great deal of Water thrown
up out ot the Sea to a confideral)le Height : Being very
much ftrutk at ihi-. tlrange ApiKarancc, he inquired of the
Pilots, and oth.r knowing .Sunicn, what it meant •, who
told him, tliat the Water was fjxjuted up by Whales ; at
the Hearing of which hi.s Men were fnghtcrud, fo that
they let the'Oais tall out of tlieir 1 lands. Meanhiij, how-
cv( r, encounged tliem as much as he could, ailvifed them
to row towards thcli: Creaturei briskly, and as it they were
going to an f'ng.igemcnt, making .Jl tlic Noife they could,
both by lliouiiiig, ami with their O.irs.

The Men, reluming their Spirits uix)n thi?, began, on
a Sigpa! given, to row witii all their r'orce ■, .ind, astiiey
drew near the Whales, fhouted as loud as they were able,
founded their l"rumpct.s, and beat the Water with their
Oars with all the Force they had. The Wh.des, who were
iuft under their Prows, frighted at the Nolle, funk at once,
and roll- a gootl \\ .ly behind the Ships, blowing up the
Water again with prodigious Force. The Seamen, feeing
theml'elves thus unexpectedly delivered from fo great a
Dinger, loudly apj;l.iuJcd the Boldnefs and Dexterity of
l^'cjrd'uj.

Sometimes the Whales, running in too near the Shore,
are left upon it by the F-bbing of the Tide ; and fomc-
times, being tiirown thereon by Storms, their Flelh cor-
rupting by the 1 leat ('1 tiie Sun, the Bones are lift liry
wpon the Snore, which t'lile People gather carefully, in
oriler to make ufe of thtm in building their I loules. The
largell Bunes tliey make ule of for Ratters ; thole- of the
Jaws th: y convert into Uooi i, and of the fmaikr Bones they
make their Utenlils.

\\ hilt- S'dinbus and his Fleet were on the Coaft of
the lcb:hicpb.i'i^i, he dilccAered an Irtaiid, wliieh lay at the
Dillancc ol about orw. humired Stadia from the Continent,
which was ablulutely uninlubiied. This Ifland, thofe who
dwelt on the oppofitc Coail called Ncjlilj, whieh they
bciievcJ lacred to the Sun j adding, that it w.'s inaccelliblc
toM'irtals; a;id fartiier, ailirmcil, that, in cafe any Man
was 1) impiude.it as to fet his Foot upon it, he was never
leenir.i.re: .\n Infiante ot this the Pilots mentioned to
NeanbiiS, ot a Shiji, manned by i.^yptians, which, tor
lliis impious ,\ttcmpt, lud Vinilhexi liom the Sight of
Men. Tills, however, did not deter Nearchtu tVoni
going in Perlon, with one of his Ships, to view this
illaiui, (,r fre. Ill putting the Reporters of this Fable intirely
out ot Countenance liy laiiding upiiit; which he diel.
'JlRfe- was alio anotli- r 1 able relaieel of this Idand ; which
was, t!ut a c'.it..in Sea-nymph, or Godeltfs, dwelt there,
wliointited Men on il-.ure, and, after criminally converfing
with tliem, changed tluni into Fllh ; but the Sun obliged
her to quit the I'lace, and to rellorc the Men, whuin (he
had thus changed into Fifli, to their former Shape.

Some ot tilde kkb-^.opbagt were brought to .Utxander.
Thcfe I'e-oi>le inliabit the Load only •, but, witliui l.inil,
iniubit the Gidnfid)!!, in a Countiy barren and fandy,
where AUxantler and his Army lulTered great llarillliips.
\S hen the Meet had quitteii this Coall, and were airived
on ilut ot Ctinitania, iliey were oliliged to come to an
Anchor widiout landing, the Coafl being fo rocky and
lleeji, th.it iliey durft not approach it. They frie'.' from
thence, noi eiirec'ily Well, but rather Well ane* by North,
and ft) leaehul that i'art ot Carmania wliich was a more
frwitlul aiul agreeable Country tlun thole they lud left, anel

•bounds in Graf*, and where they found frclh Water in
Plenty.

10. When they came to Badis, on the Coaft oiCir
mania, they found all Sort.s of Refrelhments, except Oil '
and, failing eight hundred Stailia farther, they e.inU„a
a defert Coall, where a Promontory appearcil, tlut nn'ur
out into the Sea, and was about a Day's S.iil, SuJi j
were acquainteel with the Coall, laid, it w.is a I'ruilion
tory oi /h-ahiti, called Maccta, from whence tinnan-.n
anel other Sjiiccs, were lent into .IJJyria. While tlieH>t
lay at Anchor, and had this I'romontory in Sight, tlitrj
arofe great Dil'putes \ lor Otit/icrilus would luvc lui (i
Fleet fiil thither, to avoid the Haidflui-s and Difllu.:; i
they might meet with in the Ciulpli : But Neardm \\lu
a contrary Opinion, ami artirmed, that Oiufuriiui iuj
quite mifunder(liK)d the King's Dcfigni for it was ni,t
laid he, becaufe ^/cx.mJer couki not have lately Icil iC
Army intirely by Land, that he put a Part of theiii .n
board the Fleet, but becaufe he would have all tlicle toil-
Ports, anel Illands, throughly examined, and the C.uiLi
likewifc failed through, that it might be known »:.j:
Cities there were near the .Sea, wh.it Countriei were tlrti.ii
and what defert. 1 le was not therefore tor elu;',i;;n;; t.",;:'
Courfe now, when they were in a manner at the tixl u
their 1 -alxjurs ; ai;d therefore he was not for llccn,,;^ ci
the Side of the I'romontory, for fear it might brin;;tV:.i
on a bad Coall, efpccially as they were nut now m wa-;
of any thing necelfary for continuing their Voyage.

The Opinion ot Ntarcbus prevailed ; aiuf, in n:
Judgment, f.iys .brian, it was by f jUowing his .\;ivi,;
that the whole Fleet was faved •, for the Coari lieyond vj.
Piomontory wis abfolutely delert, and afforded v.nWn::.
The Meet therefore, weighing, proceeded tlvcn hundrca
Stadia along the op|X)fite Coaft, which was calkJ lit-
opiana \ and, continuing their Voyage eady th;; na:
Day, after filling one hundred Sta^Jia more, arrived it il.;
River of /Imvuis. The Name of the Pl.ice in wliich ih:y
now were, was called Harmczia, fince called Orffia:,whti;
they found abundance of wild Fruit, and were [rctrv
muih at their Eafe. There moll ot the Men wentalli'.j
to ret'relh themfelves after all the Hardlhips they lud i;f;
throng!) ; and fome of them, rambling up and down, iiu!
with a Perfon drefTed after the Grecian Manner, and \vi«j
lixjkc Grtek -, which at once furprifed and ov;ijoycd ihtn
exceedingly: And, upon inquiring who .inJ wlut h" wi.',
the Man anfwered, tl;.it he beiongeei to .ilcxandir\ .Viv.y,
and that the King was encamped not tar tiom tiunc,
They prefeiitly coiulucled this M.in to A'wniaj, to » h .a
he tolei the fame Things, and that the king wascncani;:^]
no laitlier from him than five Days Journey. AV-Tiri.
alfo conleired with the Prefuient of the Pn)vinec aloi:
the Security ol' the Fleet, alter the taking the |-tcitr
Meal'ures, for whieh he agreed to go with him to the K. g

The Day following, by that Time it w.i3 .^iinnU, .'"•
ambus caufed luch of the Ships as were in bad Conii:;;or,
to l5c drawn on rtiore, in order to their being repa:^".
and, rel'olving to Ic-ave a great Part ol the Trooj's on fcfL>
he took care to fortify the I'lace with a llrong Retrtr.c.
ment, and a ilcep Ditch, fo that both the Ships and Mn
might reiiLiin as fafe as polTible. In the n'.ean t::i;e, i--
Prefidtnt of th • Provi:,ce, knowing that the King «-a
under the utmofl Concern lor tiiis Fleet, t';ok a lliortl-j:
to the Camp, in order to inl'nr- '>i;n of their liiie Arri'-:.
This News w.is received 1/ .Iciinder with the grca;'"
Joy -maginable, though he could not h Ip iloub:.r._!; i.-'
Trtith of it : And his Doubt ftill grew upon him.hicJii'-
fome who were fent with Carriages, to meet ,Vi;:r."J.
and bring him to Court, returned alter they had wir.tJ
little Way, witluHit fiiuling him i and oiIi;ts wiio iu-^
greater Relixe'l for him, ffintinuing their Journey, I'l-li"-'^
return at all: At lall, the King loling all I'atime, inJ
his Concern b.ing iloubled by this Ihort (ihimr.::; J i-''
1 lope, ordere-d the Prelident to In.- committed to L.t l^-
lloily, for having rcportfd f.dfe News. ^ .

In the mean time, liime of tlioli; who h.ul been '''•
patched to meet aiul condud i\\arAm.i to Couit, J-'.^'y
met with him upon the Road, aciompinud by •^'■'j'' '
and live or llx more ; but they were all fo altered, tvi

chap. 11.

of the Vs k s T Indies.

40^

in thi'ir I't-rlons anil Garb?, that they had not the Iiaft
Knowlcili^f ot til in; but, upon their Inquiry about the

Kiiv's tamp. '"''1 ''"•'"' ^'^'■'■'^ " *^ ' *"'' '*'"^ ''''^"
lor uirHiing tlicir Journey : /Irtbias, however, turning to
}:mbus, toil! Iiini, that he apprehended thffc People
were come in Search of them •, and tliat, confidcring tlie
CoiiJition they were in, they might not know tium •, which
AV.iri/'K.' alfo thinking not unlikely, they innuirtd ot"
t!u ill, whitliir they were going 1 and he- received for An-
Iwci ,' that tlicy were going in Search of Ncanbiis, and
thol'j unilfr his Command : Upon which he replied, I am
AVuTi/'W.', and tlic Perlbn here with nv.- is /Irchias j do
voii condufl us to theC'amp, that wc may give the King an
Account of tlie Fleet. Upon which tiiey immediately took
thcni up in their Carriages, and returned towards the royal

Cain;i.

Some of the Number, however, being defnous to bc-
conii' early Meficngcrs of fuch important 'I'iiiiri^s haftened
to the Camp, and informed the King, that Nomlus him-
f,li, m\ .■!rd'i>!s, with five more, were at hand ; biittliat,
as to the Army and Fleer, they were able to le.un nothing.
.llixander, irom this Aecount, colledcil within himfelt",
tlut Sdirchus and Jrchitis, with the five Men t!i.ir attendeil
ihim, had in fomc wonderful Manner ef(\nx.d i,y general
Ru;ii, but thar, as for the rell of his I'Icct an;! Army,
iItv were, beyond Qui (lii)n, loft and iKflroyed •, the
Thoughts of wliich gave hiin greater Sorrow than tlie Joy
( f Khoiiling Nfdrcltis ami Archku could overcome. They
li.m alter aiiivciU and .lUxander hiniflf could fc.irce
iininv them, they were fo overgrown with I lair, looked
: :!l, aiicl were in fo bid a Drefs, which confirm-^d t!ic
Notion he iud conceived of the Lofs ol the FLet : 1 le
ia'.bracalAVi/r<il'«j however, and, with many Tears, con-
gra'.iJjtcJ him on his Arrival.

.Atlalt, iiioderating h's Tranfport, he fuid. It is true,
llie Sgiu of yuu Nemchu.', and .'IrJ.'.is, wlio rettirn I'dc
ir^ louml, moderates, in Ibme meafure, my Concern lor
the Ixifs of the Fleet -, but tell me. Flow ciil tliey perifh .'
iVw.ia;, catching the Words out of his Moutli, re-
[k-i, the Fleet and Army are fafe, O King •, and we conae
(nly 4S Mtfli-Pgers of the good News, 'i'lien .iljxander
biiril out .igain into Tears at this iine.xpcc'Ud Account (;f
twr .Safety; and, with muchftiuggling, demanded in what
i'jr: they were. Nenrchus informed him, th.it they wtn-
a th.c Mouili of the River yhmmis \ and tli.it lu h.u! caufeil
!.".. .*^hij.s to be ilrawn on fliorc, in ocder to tlu ir being
rL'ii:t«l. Now, by the Grccir.njuiiler, cried th;- King,
a-.J by t!ic I.Hnati /Imiiior, I fwe.ir, this N-.ws gives me
ir :. Joy th.in the Conquefl of all //Jhi. Ik- Ul.ewil'e
i.j.i tix I'refiJvnt of tlie I'rovinee to be liifeh.irged from
bCo".ri.icmem. The King, in Gratitude fr the Pre-
I rMtuin ot his Foreis, or.iered S.tcrifiees to be olllred to
;i;./.v the Saviour -, to Hcriuhs, and to .Ir-dlo the I^e-
i:vcrLr from Misfortunes •, as iilfo to Neptune, and all tlic
■'-Jgoi's: He likcwilc cclehrat.d new Games, ordered
toTijdiu Shews, accciiipanied with JVIudc \ in ssliich Ne-
r'dui w,is Chitf, all t!ie Army prelt'nting him with
(urW?, and ^vitil Mowers. When tliefe Keioicings were
iiw, the King fiid to the .^dir.iral, i Fiieeforwaid, AV-

■ 'fe:.'.', you 1I1...II nevi r go on any laborious or dangerous
^«\icc: 1 will inimedi.'.tiiy appoint anotlur .Adniira!, who
"•-1 Vmg the Fin t fall- to Stifa. Not lb, O King, erial
It \tanhus: Tofollow and toferve you in every Degree,

■ my ntlire, and my Duty : Hut if, for wh.it is paft, you
uline to graiity me, let not that be done you Ipuke ol' ;
■- -.t nic rather continue in my Conimaml, till I h.ive
■;ruug!u your Ships fate to Sufa -, nor, ;>.fter running through
j^J^nany and great Ilardlhips in the K.\ecution of tlie
(l^arge with which you intruded me, now, when the
■■■i!t;T is cafy, and in a manner accomplifhed, let another
t■•^c the Gloty of jxrforming it out of my 1 lands.

To this JUxandfr readily alfenred, and difmiircd him
-Hi to his Command, with a fmall Guarel, becaufe he

ends.
great DitReulty that Nearcius once
more reached the SeaCoaR j for the Barbaii.ins had taken
-'V 1 "I^' ^"'' V'lfeifed themfelves of all the rtrong Places
1*1 laircsin Carmania : For the King had caiifed tiie
■■ .iiir t.overi'.ur to be
•^'••'.iB. .iS.

j ^^^Tiw to tMVel through a Country inhabiteei by Friei
>^^! :t was not without great Difficulty that Neardus o

to be put to Death, and ■lUpeUmuSy

wiiom he had appointed his SucccITor, was not as ycc
firmly tix.^d in his (jovernment. Thrice, therefore, in one
D.iy, Neanhus, and his Guard, engaged fo many dificrcnt
Bodies of Barbarians who attacked them.

At laft, however, Nearcius fafely, though after (Irug-
gling with many and great Difficulties, reached the Fleet
and Army. The firft Thing he did on his Arrival, was
t() facrifice to 'Jupiter the Saviour, and to celebrate G.mies.
Thefe divine Rites thus taken care of, the Fleet weighed
Anchor, and failed to a defert barren Ifland, and tlience to
another large and well-inhabited Ifland, three hundred
Stadia diftant Irom the Port they had left. The Name of
the defert Ifland was Organa \ 'that of the Jaft-mentioned
Ifland Oiiniila : This laft was a fine Country, abounding
in Corn and i'alm-trees : It w.x.s in Length eight hundre.l
.St.idia, and the Governor of it, whofc Name was Ma-
zenes, offered, of his own Accord, to accompany Ne-
(iirbiis, and to pilot him to Siifa. In this Ifl.ind, it is
laid, they (hew the Tomb q{ Erylbras, who firft governed
this Country, and from whom that Part of the Ocean wa:.
called t!i!' Krytbrean,^ or Red Sea.

II. 'Fiiey f.iiLd from hence two hundred Stadia, when
Nfurcbiis thought proper to put in with his Fl.a at an-
other Port in the (iime Ifland, from whence they had the
Sight of another Ifland, about forty Stadia diibnc tiom
the great one, which was facred to Neptune, and reported
to be iiiaccelFible. They failed again about Day-break -,
but the Sea ebbing lower than ufual, three of their Ships
were left upon the Strand ; and it was with great DilFiculty
that tlie red, getting clear of that rocky Co.alt, once more
gained the open Sea. At the Return of the Tide, how-
ever, the tliree Ships before-mentioned floated again, and
the ne.\t Day reioined the Fleet. Having continued their
Vnyjgc" 400 Stadia, they put into a Port in an Illanel
diftaiit ■500 Sr.uiia from the Continent. They weiglied
tiom tlience early in the Morning, and, leaving an unin-
habited Iiland, c.ilied Pjlora, on their Left, they anchored
before Sidodcnes, a very fmall City, in want of every thing,
c.xcc[)t Water and ImITi ; for Nereliity, and the Barrennels
of their Country, make them likewil'e Ichtljyopbngi agaiiift
tlu ir Wills.

Thence, lia\ing taken in Water only, they proceeded
to '7'i!'-/ia, a I'romontory running out into the Sea, diltant
fmni the laft-mentioned i'Lace joo St.idia. Thence they
i'liled 51)0 Sta.'.ia farther, to the Illand of Cciten, wiilcli is
elefeit and m.irlhy, reported to be ficied to Mcrcu;y and
rams. Into tins Illand, every Year, the Inh.ib;t.;!us of
t'le adjacent Coalt have a Cuftom of lending Sheep and
(ioats, wlii'. h are ciedic.ited to Mercury and yeitus, a.id run
tlure wild. 1 his Place belongs to Ciirmania ; anvl from
hence the Province of Pcrjlu Proper begins. The whole
Length of the Coall of Curmania is 380Q St.iclia ;
the dmnaiiians refembling in their M.mneis and Cullonis,
the Per/tans their near Neiglibours ; are armed in tht;
fi'iie w.iy, and make ufe of the fame Methods in carrying
(.11 their Wars.

'I'he Fl-et, failing from hence, came to Ban, on ti.e
Coafl of Pcrfui, beiure which Port there Pus a fmall barren
Flaiul, c.\\kMAtua)hlrus: 'I'o re.ach this Port, they fiileJ
.41 •> .St.idia hum tlieir firmer Station. I'.arly the ne.\c
Morning they weighed Anchor, and proceeded to another
Illand, well inhabited, and on the Co.all of which, as well
as in the /«./.vw; Sea, A'Mri■/^«.f afiirms, that they filli tor
Pearl. I laving iloubled a Promontory upon tl-.is Mand,
by fiiling about torty Stadia, they aiichoied on the oilur
Side. They jiroeecded next to a ccrt.iin high Mountain,
called Oibiis, v.here they found a very i.'.L and commo-
dious Port, in which they anchored, the ad'iacent Co.iil
being w 11 inhabited by Filnermen. Weigliing Irom hence,
after a PafTage ol 450 Stadia, they came to Jp.jiimos,
where they found abundance of Ships in the Harbour, the
Town lying about fixty St.idia Irom the Sea. Thence
they faileil, in the Night, to a B.iy, adorned with abun-
dance of beautiful N'llLiges on its Shore ; aiul, atter coait-
iiig 400 Stadia, dicy came to an Anchor at the Foot ol an
high Mount-aiii, covered with P.ilm, and other Fruit-tree-;,
common in Greece. Sailing from thence, they palfed
along a well inhabited Coaft, calleei Go^^ivui, for the SjMce
of (iou Stadi.i, the Fleet anchoring at the Mouth ot a

r L, certain

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"fell!, ciiia

4o5 77;r Difcovcry, Settlement, <?//// Commerce Bonk 1,

c rtnin Rivrr, or nthir Torrent, callcil . frcf «, in a vrry in-
ronvuiiint I'l.ur, tlic li<'>tti>ni Ixing full, an.l unlit for
Anclior.»{'p, ami the Mouth of tlic Rivcr viry narrow.

riuy tail.tl Iroin tlifncc to aiiotlicrRivir.iallni Siliuui,
iViftar.t So.J StaJu -, but here hk^wife tliey touiul very
ini'ifrc!C!-.t Anchorage •. anil, imieeil, Neini.bu5 cumjilains,
that the wlioU- Co.ill of Ptrfui is vi ry imlitft rt nt, beinp in
fonv riaeci intoktably lUmy, anil in otiursa loofc Siinii-,
to a gr.at Prj-th I icrt they took in a ynat (Quantity ot
Corn, tile King having ilireclcil confiilerable Mapa/ines to
be i.'.i'KI there tor the I'l'c of the Army and the Ilea.
Tluyremamai here twenty-one Days in the Wliole, refit-
ting Yuch Ships as were in a Kul Coiuliiion, an.l rebuiliiinj;
others. Saihng fioni theme, alter a P.iini^'c of j-.-.oStaiha,
they eaine to a well-lniilt and well inhabited Ciiy, called
H.erjtii ; an>! anchored in a I'on, made by Art, called
//fr.j.',-;;/;;.

'1 h. next Day they wcigluvl, as foon as it wa'.I.iglit, and
continued their Voy.ijie to the Mouth of a Torrent cjlle.l
PiiildyjU!. 'I he Whole of this Country is a reninlula, l.ii 1
o.:t i;i r([;ular riaiit.uionsof l-iu:ttrees, ol all Kinds ; and
the Name of th:s Peninfula is Mofambna. .Sailing fioiu
Mcf::n:!ria, alter a X'oyagc of two luiiulred .St.u:ia, or
thereabout', they arrived at Tr»c(C, on the V.wvxGran!i'is.
Afoittwo hundred Stadia withtn-l.ind, ft( ni the Mouth
of tins Kivtr, ll.inds the Capital of Prrfiiu In this Navi-
gatien, Xiar.hu' informs us, th'y met with a dead Whale
thrown upon the Sunre, s\hieh linne of his Sailors had the
Cuiiefuy to nifafurc, and lounil it iifty-five Cubits long :
On the Skm (f which tluy l>.'.in.l Oyfters, and other
Jih. !l filh liiekirg, as alto .S<a wicd. They likewif' fiw
m.my Oolphins i.i'on this Coall, which were of a inuJi
larger Si/c tha i tliofc in our S; as.

12. I hey [Tocecklcil thepcr two hunlrril Stadia, to the-
Klouih i,f the Kiver Rc^cnis, where they (oiiml a viiy
<rii-,venuni and laf' Harlvnir, at'tlie Dillaiue ot two hun-
dred .'>ta.iia froai th;ir tortner Station. Sailing liom hcnee
Jour hundred .'•t.idia, they ea:;ie to the Mouih ot anotlur
Kiver, e.iiled Hrizmta. Here tluy tountl the Coall vtry
\mht for Anehrrage; and, tor want ot a proper .'\eqiiaint-
anee with the I'ldts. fcime ot thiir Wtlels wire Kit allior--
at t'le Kt !', but were ca'ily f,i t oS\;L',ain ar the time ' t
Me<,d, aikl eontiniiid tlicir N'oy-ig"" to tlie Moutli ot the
HiV;r .lriji.\ where chcy (.ime to .in Anchor. Tliis,
yard.-.is allures us, was ihe \.\\\^<.\\ ot all the Kivers tint
ran into this ^ea. It was alio the !>oiindary of the Pro-
vince of PerJ':a Prcper; the iiii/uiiis inhabiting (>n the
ether Side. Amongil thefe lalt-inentiomd Piop'e, there
were a tree N-tion, i ailed the L\i.:'i!, wliieli inh..b.tcd the
Mountains, and committed frequent RoblKfies on fuch as
dwelt la ti.c ti.it Country.

The whole I'Xtent of the Pir/i.m Coail reaches four
th iula:vi four hu.idreil Stadia. 'J Ins Provinte is divided,
as the Inhabit.i-.ts report, into three Parts, which ililftr
from each other in Soil and Climate. That Part of it
xvhi> h lies alonjf the A'fi 6Vrt, is (andy .iiui barnn, arifnig
from rhe exeeliivc Hi at; lot the Country that le s more
to the .North, f joys a ten.pir.i' and plealant Climate j
the !-oii ! xcevd.irigly Iruittui, aliording frclh a.id beautiful
Me.idows, that are very well watered, alvnin.iing w.th
Vines, aiul all k'.nd of Fruit-trees except (Jhvts. In this
Country then- arev.ry fine Gardens, warered by Streams
txijuilit-Jy clear and plealant i on the Banks of wlikh are
all kinds ot Fowl •, and I lorfi s and oth- r Cattle, are found
here in Abe:v/'ance •, and lonie Part of the Country a!!i) is
ss'oo y,an,i very m fori lunn.ig. llir moll N.iriheiii I'ait of
Pfr/iti IS Viry cold, and tlie Snows he long upon ilit- Moun-
tains. Si\inkus telis u', that fomc AmbaiUiurs tromtlie Bor-
ders ot the /«w;(r Sea coming, in a (liort Span: (,t lime, to
^te.\nnJ(r in Per/:.:, he was, .at hrll, iivi.h furpnf;d, till
they (Xplauied to him how the tiaintiy Uy, and that the
I3i(ta.iie was not fo great as he h.id hitherto imagined.

As the f.V(jw before- nirntioned inhfl tiie tountry of
ihr SujJcn.', lot!ie Mnr.l:a>is, arioijxr thievilh Natn.n, ate
l-ttleil i;i the Mountains ot Pfrfui ; and the Cs^.rjw, who
liuwilc p;.iCtilethe fame villainous Trade, inh.ibit anu.n"
the Mcia. 1 his lall-nvnliomil Nation //.'fx.mJrr, this
AVuiter, lonti.iry to all l-.xpeetation, fuhduid , built
Citi'.i ui then Country ; and ob,i-eJ luch as inh.ib:ted th, iii,

to apply ilKmfilves to AgiitidtiTC, an.! otli(r lion(ft p.j,
lellions, tliatih. y might live lomlorfally ilieiti(i|v,,
not Ix' any longti tcriiUr, tn iioubUTiyinc toiliutVi,",!
bours. *■■

From hence, .V,'<7rf*«( tdls us, he k not ablctowrt
any thing with (. utainty, except as to rli* Ports tLiynu
with, and the l.uigth of tluir Navijj.uiui , Imj..,^
that Coaft is (Xtremely loul, and hk l;y : ,S(, tii.,t n''^... '
no entering its I'orts, but with the iitnioll D.ngcr, UfV
therefore, tluy failed froin the Mi uth if tliii Knv'
which is the lal> in Pfijia Proj-cr, tlv.y t J; cin; 1 1 ti; .'
nifti theii'felves with Water for live Da) , '-iirlM„ti|Jj.
ing inform' il them, that tlie Co.ill along w!mh tlty\»;,.
next to lail, was abfolutely diy and bai.m. Wlunt;)
h.id tailed five himilred St.idia, they came to an .Ai.clior'j'
tlie Mouth, or rather Fall, of a cirt.nn 1 a e, akumlip
with l-'ilTi, which was calKd Cnt.Jfrlis. I h' re hy imm'
niately k-tbre this I'ort, a fmall Ifland, calld! A/„r ■.';»,■
Weighing from thence early in the Morning, th.y tort-
rued their Courfe tlrotigh a Clianil fo n.irnjw, tlutthtv
were forced to tail in a Line. Thi\ Chanel was im;!,^^
with Stakes fet tipright in it, .;s in the Ilthn.m Ixiwai
the I.eiuadian Illands, and the C.iaft of Ji,viit:iii.t; tiurcjr:
the likeSign.ib, or B..icons,to prevent the Shi; s iruni r.r-
ring upon the Sholes. Ilurc is, hovcVir, th:.s Df^r-
cnce U-twcen tlufe Coalls, that the Slides, in tlicNti :-
Ix'urhood of ihofc inands, arc all of than finely ; i;i;..:
whatever VelTels mn alhore, they are Hire to I'wt dijinon
the Return of the Tide -, wheieas here il;e .\Iu! isu
thick and deep, that VelVels h ft ujicn it are .is fiire to It iui',
linking by their own Weight, beyi nd the PolTiti'it} «•
weighing them ; befulcs, that it isimpollblc tdrtjclirv
Vetlel in fuch a Situ.ition, in order to ul'e the I'rtjV:
Me.ms lor getting it out. Througli t:.i', dir.iuhC'Xr,
and by loha/ardous a Navigation, ihiy u-wcu iDrOnuNiLV,
without being able to hnd any IVrt into win li tluy lo-^;
put, with S.itity ; and tluri fore tluy wcie iillii^ai luU;
wh.it Kitrelhmen.t tluy couhl, on board tlkir Siiip.

All that Night thiy continuid their C v.:L, amialhir
next Day, till it was F.vening, having mide, intutt:ir;,
nine iuindrcvl Stadia 1 arnvni;', then at the Alriuli c; ::.t
River /■.uphtil.-i, .iiil .;t a Poit in the Pnivinrot Pal}::,
callid Dtritlcm, wlure tluie is a great rr.ii!e e.i:n^;u.".a
J-rankincenle, and oijur Aromatitks broiiglit ihiilurlra
.iritH.1, P,:iy!on, aeiording to the Ci nijH.tahifl if .V-
arc bus, ftaiuls at the Diltanic of tline tliiuiUn.l u.:
h'indrcd Stadia from the Mouth ot the Hiver Lii;i'r:!i:.
While- they were here, tluyreiiivcd «n Ixi'iJ^ '; "i
/Ufx.inJtT, wlio was arrived at •^a/j -, upon whiJ;,.'* ■■•
(til) lU-eriel back to anel then uji the Kivery''yf/.';;r.J,t .-t-
m:ght the niore lafily reach the King's .\rny. W-VJ
they weighed, they hail the Country ot the .'''"/jw int.-'
I^.it -, and, pioceeding in tinir \'cyai;e,ariiveel .t a U-',
into which luns the River "figris, whiJi riling in..rffiff-,

pades by the City of X:rtus, lureKjIore a g'
iliurifhiig Plaie, and rolls on through the Coiiitr;,*- ■,
Kcjufc u lies between it, and the £.v/'.!ir.;.',J, is i---
Mi-.'opa.'unna, i. f. Between Rivers. J-riPin tiiis Lik ■'
the River itleif, the Diftance is aluut fit hiiiuireJ >u:;-,
and nar it llaneis a Town of the i'ljifim, ^■^'•''"■'' ■'»■''
fiom whence the City of Sifjli is ehlbnt five luiiulrcil i'-
di.i. 'J'he whole maritime Ci.all ol this Coiiitr\', tot..;
Mouth ot' the I'ii/ni^.is, txt.nds al;out twu tiuui-J
S.'a.!in.

Then failing along a pleafant and fru'tfiil Coaft, fo:i«
Sp.acc of one hundred and l.lty St.idia, they cuinc tmi
Anchor, in order to wait the Return of the Mili^riin
t

(iamrr. /and the whole Fleet induli^ed tie mlVlvts inc«7
Metli<«l they could devill-, that iiiifjit e.xpnlMhiir .1/
But altirwards, bun;', informed, that /.'/i.va«.Ar wi- -,•
|)roai hing with his Army, they iig.iin reli.ineu tli:_.f'''
age, and arrived at the Budge, whuh, fy the KmgiC:.-
mand, had been htcly built over the River, tataft^s-
venitncy ot marching his Army to Sufj. 1 h"e Ixiin •
mies joined, and ,1!(xandtr, as well inr. ganlto Uk ■
terries rained by his 1 .and-iorces, as in Gritiiinle Ij' '•■

ent by Nearchust to learn where the King ihtn wus. I:a
Day tluy Lietilucd to all the fiving i'owirs ; ctlrbriifJ

Sutcels andSa'tei; ol his Iktt, and the;k- on beJ

cir.:ii

Chap. 11.

of the East I m d i k s.

407

oftcrril maRniticrnt Sacrifices, ami ccif bratcd G.iim^. \\\-
linii thilc Kcjouinns wlicri'-cvcr Neaubus wtnt tliroiinK
tl (Camp, tlu- Solilit-rs covcrwl him with (jarlaiuls aiul
llowiT?. /Hexaiidtr himlrit alfo, as a Mark (if his Va-
vo r amihy way ct" Dirtiirflion, honoured A/Mni'i//, uiul
ImMlHS, by pri'lirnting to each of them a goKI Crown \
f() the ti.rnirr, on account ni his gooti Service on bo.iril ihc
llitti III 'he latter, by rcafon of the Victory obtained by
hull uvirthe Orilnns, and otlier baibarons Nations, m\
ihi \\ Nc i"hl)(Hirli()oJ. Thus the Reader has reei ived a lull
A uiiint ot the Manner, in which his Fleet and Army n turn-
til rm- MdMcxander, from the Mouth of tlie Kivir /;/./.■(.(,

Hire, jn^xrly Ijeaking, tndsthc Voyajjeot Anirit^tis,
flt It IS prikrved by .Irrian, in his InJian I lilloiy 1 v,liiih
lirvts :isan Appendix to his nob^c Memoirs of Hie 1 .He < f
Ju-milir \\k dreat. A Work highly, and very ji rtly,
Kmimemial hi'th by anticnt and nunUrn Writer", tor us
Hiwncc, and excclKnt Method > but more efpecially tor
till' lln.t Kipird the Author evcry-where pays to Triitli,
liisMrtW lli;lory IS written with the like Care i in which
hf protllcs to have read, with the utmolt IJili|',rncc ami
liicun.rjitction, the Works of Ontfuritui, and Me^ajH'i-
tin, OS well .IS thole ot ycarthus.

,\s 10 the tittb of thcfe, I mean One/icriliiSy he was the
Cipum of .vV<v>ii«"'<';-'s own iihip, and wrote a lari^c Ac
ai.ntottl'.c India \ trom which, in the Beginiiina d his
Ihllcrv, ArriM lias taken many Thin-;*, tut witii (i;ivat
Caution, on atcount of the bad Character hi; had, as a
lal'iiliius Writer : And here, by the way, it may not In;
amil's to take notice of one of /trrinn's Oblcrvations : I |c
fays that Qf/iiis the Oiuiuvi afllrted India to Ix- as b\^ us
liiihf lift ot J^ii: In wiiich he err'd v lor Oin/iiritiis av-
fctntc! It :o be no more tlian the third I'art of .Jfiit. In
t'-..', however, t hi re is good Rcafon to believe, iliat./r-
f;.i'; 111 ifi'lf is niiifakcn ; for both of his Authors mi^ht
havib.diin the rtglit. Ocftas, who wrote Irum the Me-
nuirs i;erollec1ed in the Pcr/ian Comt, m.ant vciy pri>-
l\il|ythc wliolf Continent ai India, trom the River [iiJiu
to liiL- Sf :i of j'r;/>rf;/ i and, on the other hand, One/uritits
fo-.lloilv fjieak «)f that Part of India, which was known
Irtn AkxMidcr'^ Kxpedition: And, taken in tliisSciile, the
A ount given by each of thtfe Authors, may le pretty
v.\il ncoiKilcil to iViith ; and their Opinions, inlKail of
fii tr.idiciin^', ap|Tar, tlius confitlered, very agreeable to
(jch Dtliir. 'I'nis lluws h(;w unlafe a Thing it is to run
(1. wii rtctluirs at random •, and, by burying their Re] u
latDiuimlera heavy l.oaii ot Cenfure, to pave the Way
liTtii IVllriictionall'oot their Works, as has happened in
iht lale ul Otu/uillii.<, ar.il many other Authors. Hut Ale-
P'jihtiia was Itill lower in the Klleem of .irrian, who
il.iidou- biirrows from him but fparingly ; whereas he
hisiiivcn us the /;/J;<v« Ivxpedition, by AV.irii«.t, at full
l.iPi;t!i, md, as near as might be, in his own Words ; But
<'l iiisCiiAlir, we Ihall have an ()pi)ortunity to lay more
hwCittir. At prefcnt, therefore, let us contine oiirlelves 10
t:.c Aiiihor Willi has prelervrd this ncble l-ragment of An
iKliiiiV; 1 mean .Imiiii, whom we have fo ofti n quoted,
a:ui Oil while Credit tins Part of our Work mulldepeml.

I Ic was a Man cf dillingudhed Qii ility, ;is well as exi d-
irr.tl.i.;riii: [;, a Native ot the City of Nicomdid in Hiliy-
'••■', r.omiihed up.ikr the b.mperor Adrian, and was by hiiii
iraJcdov.nior of G.y/Jrti/fli/a ; He was an excellent I'lii-
I '^iphir, as appears by the tour Books, that are lliil leir,
<i his Coir.mentaries upon theWuiksof JfiiUtus : He
«r.'tc alfo, belidis his Memoirs of the late of AUx-
i:'.';r th,' (Ir^ar, a larRc Hillory of the Partbiam ; of
'■'..fii there Ire luiw only a tew !■ ragments left : i ie pub-

"•'il liktwile hillotical ColleiiUuiis in relation to the lUlh-
i''''ii: m(\ .Hiim, i.s we are intormed by Photius, wlio liiis
'■•<■ lormer ; l^nt thcle are now loll, as the Indian 1 lillui y
V ;■ lujipol.d to U-, till, by the InduUry of tome learned
Irit.i', it w'as dilcovered, that what had been long re-
prilu! as the ci<;hth Book of the Life «)t Alexander, was,
(•' ff-ility, this Indian Hillory : And fo, undoubteilly, it
IS; lorwho-ver is acquainted with antient Authors, and
I v. R.'il the Works of Xenophcn and .Irrian, will ealily
'•yri', iliat the loniicr leivtd lor a Mtx.el to the iatur •,
sfu liat the i:.\j)(d!ii(,H of Alexander (tor fo Arrmn mo-

•lellly intilirs his llilloiy) w.H, \i\ reality, a Copy of the
h\/ieJitieH »f C\rH3, written by Xcitcpbon ; and, for that
Very Rraliin, ilivuled into no more tli.in iLvm Books.

Hut as his UidiiiH I lillory had fo near a Utlation to that
W'tdk, It was joined to it as a Supplement \ and, at lalV,
tlirou^h the l|vioratite of TranlaiberseaiiiL to b.' reckoned
« I'ait of it, and was called the eighth Bouk, direClly
coiitraiy to the Intention of its Author, as appe.ir,«, both
bum the Biginninn, and the I'.mi of it. He wrote alii),
ill leii Book., the I lillory ot what toilowed .ilt.i the Death
<i| ,/.v.$iw./(7', which, to the irreparable Dani.ig' of tlw
leaimd W orld, have wholly perillud. W c iiave, h<.wever,
II ill icmaininu a Piiipiiis, or Defcription of tlie I.u.\ii!e
Sea, addrelUd to the I'.mperor A.'rum, wiijch tiie Kariitd
Mr, Ikdwa'l, wiih great I'rolwbihty, conjecUir s to have
betii wiittin about tlie Year of Cbr'jl 1 ^7. '[here is alio
« l$'i[>!us ot llu- Red Sea, whiJi gois under h;s Name,
and, as a Work ot lib, liai been traiillated by the learned
h'lhhila l\,ii;ii/io, atul inlcrtcd in his excellent Collection.

Yil II any | leat Critiis have bun ot Opinien, tii.t it
was none ol Ins but belonged to an Auih.or of great An-
liquiiy. Mr. Dadue!, has very liiily proved the former,
Mtuldriiiis the latter with good Rcafon, having fliewii a^
ilfarly, as a thing ot that N.iture laa 1 e diewn, that the
Auihor ol that \\ ork lived much Liter than Arriaii. Ic
may not k' aniils to add oni: Obleivacion moie, bclore we
quit this SubjeCl ^ which is that we h.-ive givtii a Place
here to the \'oyagc of Neurcbiis, as it is taken from his
own Woik \ lor, othtrwile, it muil have come in later;
and tins natui.dly leads us to lay Ibmetiiing more as to the
Chaiachr o| tins original Author.

1 ), .Vi',j)>*i/((, the Soil of .Indrotimiis a Cretan, attended
.llexanler in his htdiiiH Kxpedition, and behaved with lb
mill h I'ldeliiy, giv inf,, at the fame time, fjch Infbanccs
ot his I apaeity, tliat when //AAjWtr lettlal the Embar-
kation ol his liirus, and appointed One/icritHS Com-
niamlcr of his own Vellel, he made Neanbits his Admiral,
and iMaxcras, tUv San o\ tuclion AdyiiiibiaH, Secretary to
the Meet, There is very great Rcafon to believe Nearchtis
hail Ik'ch the King's old Seivant, fince it appears, thar,
b.loie tlu' .///(/« Expedition, he was fettled at ^imphipoHs,
on the Rivir ^'irymon, one of the molt confiderable Places
in the Maeedoniiin Hominions i where, \ery probably, he
had beiMi rmployevl in the Sea-fervice 1 other wife one can
liardly liip|H)le, that Alexander ihould give him tiic Com-
mand of Ills Meet.

1 low well he perl'ormid that Service, the Reader is able
to imlge trom Ins own Rel.uion ; and, that he might be
able to judge of it, was one great Rcafon of our giving
It a I'l.iir here, 'I'liat his Mailer was extremely well liitil-
lied Willi his Conduct, appears not only from the Praif.s
and Rewauls he bellowed upon him, but alio from his
lilleiiiniv til this vny Journal, in the very laft Moments of
his I ,ite, Al'cr the Deceafe of Alexander, when the
I'roviMies ot his great I'.mpirc were divided, he had Lya'a
and I'ampbvliu aHi|\ned him.

It IS not viry ile.ir what other Books he wrote -, but as
to this Jmirnal, it is very evident, that it w.is compofed
immuiiaieiy alter his Return from the Voyage, and while
thiny.s were Ik ill in his Memory : Neither does it to me
appe.ir prob.ible, in the leall, that he lliould either attempt
01 defile to impole U[ion Alexander, wlio docs not femi to
h.ive loU];hi laitert.iinment from tuch Pixpeditions fo much
as InllriiClioii, It is true, that Stral/o Ibmttimes que-
Ihons the Credit iif our Author, and has even treated
this Journal with fomc Severity, particularly with regard
to what is rel.itcd of the Whales, which to him appears
incredible \ but I doubt very much, wliether it will ap-
pear III that l.iglit to fuch as Pxpcrience Ins remleKd
Ik tier judges, liiae it is very certain, that there are \N halts
in ihilc Seas, and that the Size Iw fpeaks of is lar from
being extiiioidin.uy, Another Obfervation oi' Stral/o's is,
that ,\uo\bm was' rather terrilicd with his own Fears than
with re.d Dangers \ to which it may be anfweral, tiiat, as
ihole ,Sias were then unknown, the Coatl extranely bad,
and the Vellils, ot which the Fleet was compofed, veiy
indili'ermi, their is nothing atlonilliing in what our Author
lays yl his Apptelienlioiis. In refjAct to what other Au-
thors

\m *i .

■J, ..

If:

408 T/a- Dilcovciy, Settlement, ^//^ Commerce Book I.

tliors have citfil from liim ti at is manifeftly f.ilmlous tlicy
wiRht not to twjii !i<.v hi* A tthoiity in our t)piii\on, Ik-
null' the »<)..|« art- not now ictant, from wim h they (it-
thi-ni ; ami thcrrlote, it i< ini X)iril>lf for w to jiKlgc with
wh.it View he wrote, or in »hat Manner he toll them.
On the \Vh()!i, tlie Aitvant.n;. of rcmlint; lo mrioiH an
llillory, ill tin Wonh of its oiigmal Author, is irrtamly
very tonliilerahlc-, .intl m.\y very well jiillity both my I'ainv
;iihI the RraJer's I'.itienie i ami I m.ike no m.inner ot
Doulit, that the Navi^.ition of .HfxanJn-'s Ailinir.i! will
artonl as {;re.it VU .ifure to the intcHi|;rnt I'l riili r, as tlie
Adventtiro of any nvKlern 'I'taveiicr whatfver.

Beliilfs, he {;ivis tli( F>t,^li/b Rcaiirr an Oi>poininity of
imlging ol the Crti'.it ami Value ol' this I'ertormamv, the

only om- ot it.s kiiul that is |irir<rvn! intire ;

ih he
loulii not have ilouc Irom any I'Xtrad wh.itever, mm h
Icli. troin the viiy i.ime one ot' Purd-ii, wiiieh is as iliy
and mlipiil as tin- Voya;;e of Sfarihus is luiMus and en-
tertaining. Alter th(f( KetVdiors, I hope it will not Ixr
amilstoa.ldtw.) IhortOhfervatioii"; on th- Hch.ilt ot our Au-
thor: The tiill is thit (i>m • Wr.tLi-., who cit.- him, fueh as
M>:.iy /V;'<»v, and ^iclimis, are n-nurkaHy foml ot FaliUsi
and, th(ri(orr, it is very .|ioriil>l • thiy may n late Irom
him .*»tririts tliat he ilid not Ix lieve, any more th.in tlie I'atc
of the inaiiil of the Siw, for the very inlertinj; ot which,
in his Hiilory, Ik- is renfured by .Irrian. On the otiirr
hand, t'lere are fom;- Autlvtis lo tunU of criiiei/.iiip, tli.it
they frequently con>!i nin wh.u ih y do iv.t iindi rlland \
and, without I'outn, tiie lt«()gra|ihy ot tl'.e Antients was
It) imj>erfec\, that even the hill W titers amoiijj,ll thcin
»\ere v.ry in.'ilVerrnt Judges of what miyht he true or
lallc in fuel) Relation'.

14. It is not only our Ciiriofity th.at is gratified hy the
Rea.iing ot fuch antient Voyagts a", thele, but th.ey add
!ikewilc veiy much to cMir Knowledge, and jartiiularly to
t!i.u f.irt of KnottU'.'pe which is, or oup!.t to K , moll
tdutiht tor, in ColIeCiions of this kind. We farn, lor
In'.lance, Irom tli;s X'ciyape of NiV,r(hitj, the true .State
and Condition of m.iritime AlVairs at tiiat time. \Vc
plainly i ilcern, that their Vellels drew vr ry little W.iter,
tiiat tliey were mananeil chieliy by Oar<i, that they neith; r
carri.'d, nor were la; .ii)le ot carr;. inf;, any ronlidtrable
(^lantity of Prnvifiofs, l\.t that tliey trulted chiefly tor
tliele, tuh'.r t J M.ig.i/ii/.s ereOted on Ihore, or, win re their
Were wan;ing, to whit they cotild oht.iiii by making
Defecnts. We learn from hence, what Services thelt
Velfels were f.t for, ard for what they were tmfir, and, in
fhort, what they couK', and wh .t they could not, per-
form ; and from hmre wo are en.iWed to form a true Ju !g-
iiient of th-- Condutl of tlieir Coii-.i-nandi is. It i,i<itain,
that tliisffven Months V'oyaj'c wa» initflt no great .•\tV.iir,
and mi!;ht liavf l.-een jyrlotmol with bale in the very
Word l');l of Ships tliat are liow in L'le : Hut wh-.-n, f, om
tliib jiartitular Aecoupt, wc beroir.;- perfeftly acquainteil
with the manner in which it was ; vrtormed, we cai n)t Iv.-
futjnfed, eitli! r .if th: Coi.crn tiiat .y//u:»</("r w.is under
alxiut the Slice -fs of this Kx[)itlitiOM, or the Apprehenliuns
ol Ni'nrrhs, limt- both ot them wir.- very r.itional.

In retjard m j-ll(x,wr,er, it is apparent, tlur he had but
a very dark and lonluled Idea of the Nature ot this
Voyage, when h- tlwaight of fi-ndiiig lus Meet this Way
into the Prr/..") (iulpii. He jihiged, agreeable to Truth
an! gooil .Scnfe, t!.a; fuch a I'alf.igi there was, at;d th it it
might lie praift.ciblc ; but it \s..' imix.nible tor him, or
iinyMin, to tonire tlic Danger, witii^huh it might Iv
utiendrd ; fince it is plain, that iraiiy'gre,it I'art of thele
toalls had Ixt ii eithir ablckitely ur.miiabitiil, or if the
Inhabitants had Ix'rn numerous ai,d hardy enough to liave
prevented his Piopic Ir^nn landii ;•, tluy mult havr j)c-
rilhed i and the fame thing rniglit l,..vc ha| j«ntd, it they
had met with vcy high Winds 1 or, tor a long.Spa.e of
time, a nxrky and impracfticabic Shore, as ap]iear\ from
t!;e Diir.cuities ol that kind with wlm li they actually tn-
cunt-.rcd : And ot this /lltxaitdtr iiiiiitrit was lo fenlible,
that, u[X)!i tlie News ot Nearilms ,iiul /!rchias\ comin"
to meet hiin in Carmaniit, he took it tor gianted, that
the Meet h.id prriroed, and tlut thefe I'eoplr had

M).ide their i'.lej|>e. But tlicn, in tin- iiinlll of iht Ic I
venitiitic., wt mull allow, tlut, v. it.h regard tu lurveyln;
1

luckily true,

1: iii((jn-
'6

a Coat^ and pcrt'orminR wliat .lltxandn rxpcttcj to bt
pertotmed. Ins Meet w.is every way fuiruirnt, under ih,
C are ot lo prudent and exiwrirnceil an Olheer aj iV^nf/
who, m the firll pl.ice, took lare to be jiertittly acqimiu'i
with his Mailer's Delign, anil then fpared no I'mm tu Z
romplilli it intircly. It was for this Rcalim tlut he f
oftin landed his Iroops, th.it he might In thebiitcri
quainted with the Country on the Ciull ot which he laiW
and iK- the more able to aiifwer .my (.^elliuns th«.i'a!
<i«.ifr might alk alxnit It.

At the lame time tlut he did this, he took all the Prr.
cautions pollible, by fortifying his Camps on Ihorr, i,]
f.cure his I'eople from the 1 tfe^li ol their owalni;!
cretions or the lx)ld Attempts ot the Harlwianv {('■
harn fiom hem e .uiothi r Advantage that tiiel'c IVupIc hil
\\hieh arofv from every M.in's being Ixxh a .SolJicr, ami [
.Se.iman, and from the Capacity of ttuirOihctrs toatiwiih
equal Abilities on boanl, and on Ihore \ ail which wire 01
the iitmoll Conlcquence in .ui I'.xpeditiun of \.\\\\ Nature
Theie coiiM no Comp-inlim Iv made, no trucjuilpicr.:
formed, of the Merit ot tlie t.imousMin who arc mn-
tionid in thole Davs it wi were nuuirant of thtf^ Ciriun;-
film I". We mull, in tlut t af , certainly, either lit ti;c:;i
ttx) nigh, or too low, in out I. limn ; wheicaswr hav:
it now in our Tower to trame as true Notions of tliiirlis-
lia\ u ur, as if th y lived m or very n- ar our uwn 1 inin.

Wt I 111 iikewtlV judge exa>.-tly of their DeliiiiLcaj, an,!
o.iriiwn .\d\antagrsi we cm account in our imn MxJi
tor tile Imall I'n gnis that w.is made tor fonianv \^:sa
Pi! (.VITUS and Navigation, ai the lame time tliatwi raJ
of lo m.iny and lo great l-'lee;s ; l-iaufe we are jKrt.dy
conviiued, that, tliough their .'"liips might fcrvc in.li;-
ffTtntly for figluirg, and be cipaiiie enough of wjitng
'lr'K>ps backwards and forwards, from one toall tji-.
other, yet t!uy were abioliitely unfit for K)r.g Vnyii; ,
and tven;' in point of Trade, cculd do very ImlciiiCusi-
p.irifon ot Ours V btc.iule evm ihiir largi ll .Ship wtro i.r'
little Kurtlun. It IxIps us likewile to .leeourt lura-.uihrr
tiling, that might othcrwif- teem veiy lurpnhiigi \p.a
th." .\umlx-r of Sliips, th.it antinit Hillonar.s tell 11-, wcri;
cit'er luilt or drawn togtiher, in very thort Sp.iaM>i
Time, for tlv I "riution ol liiildeii I'xpcditioiis: KorwLn
■.w are latikfied, in.it in thole Pays they c.;lled Inch \'u;,ij
Siiips as wete notnmth Ixtter than our f.org-U<'an, t*;.'
\\ ondcr (eales. Nay, when 1: is i.irth.r l.iu!, tlutiai
lh<ts actually ]>ettornT.d great Services, weareablfti
undtrllanil tl.at too •, for wliere the l-'ori e on each .Siiic a
tliefime, the l-'.ventwill Ix ihtermined in Diiiniteslxtv,:.!!
tli(n\, in the lame niann.r as it vo.ild be, il the t'uraon
laih ;iide w.. . to be imruifed in equal i'loport'.or.s. .'^'ui
ar,- the Ariv.mt.ig'.s that rclult tiom if.e pi ruling of thu
N oyage : It remains to conned this Section witli t!ie n.x:,
to Ouw what Benefits iluy were tlut AUxandir proj-jl'.i
thiretrom.

I r. The Concern flirwn by A'fxjudtr for this Voyar",
and th" Succcfsot it, is, grnerally Ijnakiiig, rsMreil m :.i
V'anity, or Ins .Amlntion: Yet, it one timfultrs it:ttr>
tivily, it is 1 .ily to perceive, that there nv:lt have Ir.i
tome other Motive. 1 le toKl AVrtrci «.', when he lirlhail;..!
to him ol the I'xix-dition, that he would have un.iirtal; 1
it himleir, but tor certain Keatons ; one ot wliuii wist..t
he tliought it extremely lu/ardousi and was apprelv-'liv..
if it mil^arried, tint it might Iv f.iial to hisdiory. lii>
was re.ilonable enough ; tint it dot s not by .iny nicws
prove, that his N'anity only led him to this lixpiAfM-
The contr.iry is vtiy eviduit: lie coneeivai, tli'tdi's
Navigation along the Coall might ix- uli-fui to himldt ;
hut lie b-lloweil all the Honour ol it wliere it v..isi.u,
that is, on his Admiral : Hut it w.is m uliiil Th:n[; *:i
him, to i onceal his true I Jeligns undi r the fp.Mom Ci)V,t
o! aiming at a tliperior Pegri e (;t Repi)tat:o.i ; ar... J^'lP'
ing no odier Reafon, even for the mull lu.'ar> uu .i:-
tempts, than tliattluy were lor lus I dory. 1^-'' ^' *'
Uik clolely into his C onduiit, wc Ih.ill tind, that his ni..'^
M.ixim was the Care of keeping what he got •, and thi-.K
knew, c(,i.ld not be done but bv a M.iriunic I'urce. h ■
that he ettabhlhed C.dome's and Cunluns li'wwv
Rivers that run into ilieG(//w/« Sea, to the vny Montl"^'
Hutheia'ily lui.law, tlMt l■J!u•lin;thul•■^'■'•

th^; Indus

niv:.'

chap. II.

vf tbe E A s T I N o I E

40>

rifodJ. »ni to awe fo vaft a Country, it waa neceflary to
JVC a Fl"'t '■ A"'' ^' likcwifc very well knew, that he
(uuM mikc no Vk olthi* Fleet, without being jperfeftly
yjinted with the Coaft upon which it was to aA. And
^j WIS the Ibic fubftantial Reafon, why he made fuch a
Point ofthiJ I xpcdition. Moll of the Hiftorianj, and
tvcn yfrriait liiniklf, fuggefts that he made that ruinouj
Marth through GtJrofia, that he might furpafs Stmiramit
and Cyrus: But I think they were miftakcn i and that the
true Caufe of his marching through that Country was, that
he might not be at tqo great a Diftance from his Meet.
It mult, at Icall, be allowed, that this was a better Rea-
fon I and the Care he took in fending Provifions to the
Coa(^, OS lo()n 3> '>c had any, is, I think, a clear Proof,
that this was his Reafon. I do not depend, however, on
that alone, but on a Multitude of Circumilances, that,
when coll^ed together, and coollyr confidercd, put it be-
yond Difpute. He was no fooner informed by tftarchus,
of the Dilroverirs he had made, than he immediately took
the ntreliary Meafures for having a potent Fleet in the In-
in Ocean. It was for this Reafon, that he ordered a
great Number of Ships to be built by the PbgniciaHs, and
brought by Land to Thapftutts. This was a City that flood
on the River Eupbrattt \ from whence they were to fall
down to Bttjhn, where he likewife caufed a Haven to be
made for their Reception, and went in Pcrfon from that
City, down the Pallocopa, that he might fee every thing
difpofcfl, for rendering their PofTagc fafe and eafy, into
the PirJiM Gdlph. At the fame time, he projefted the
Ciinim-navigation of /traiiai and, very probably, the
firl^ Service he intended to have put this Fleet upon, was the
iiuling round into the /habian Gulph, while he marched
with an Army by Land, from Cbaldta into that Country.
When he haid Uibilufd ^Iraiia, he might, and certainly
would, have transferred all the Trade of that Country, and
of the Eaji India ^ to his new City of Alexandria : And it
appears aifo, that he had ukcn the moil efTc^hiai Meafures
for making it the Centre, alfo, of the /Ifrican Trade. This
Scheme of his was afterwards purfued, and, in fume mea-
fure, perfcfted, by the Pielemies, Kings of Egypt. So
much at prrfcnt for this Part of his Projeft : Let us turn
our Eyes now to fome other of his Deligns. There was
aclually preparing, at the time of his Death, a large Fleet,
which was to have been employed in the Hyrcanian, or
Cilpian Sea -, and there needs but a little Attention to dif-
ccrn, that when he had perfcftetl thefc two Defigns, all
that vaft Country which he had fubtlued would have been
efteftually in his Power, becaufe thofe Provinces are bound-
ed on the South by one Sea, and on the North by the other.
But this was not at all : He had formed another Uefign,
which would have united them to his other Dominions j for
he was extremely inquifitivc as to the Ponlus Euxinus, or
EMxine Sea •, and in Time would have had a Fleet there
too: So that we need but call our Eyes upon any Map of

nd, the eafieft and mod probabU

all his Conquells. We can hence,

' if hi* being fofiiildenly charmed

.o«, tir City in the World the bed

Head j( fuch a Empire. It ii

' cfigni i but then

)erigns of a Man,

own

thefc Counfirirs, to br fatiifkd, that he had framed and df.

gefted, in his own N " '

Method for mm\u

alfo,pcrfcdtlywdli!

with the Situation 01 ,

feated for becoming th

true, that they are vail id pi, Kligiou"^

we are to confidcr, th they were th

who had made himfcif I ..>rd of the bed ^an of the V.

World, before he was Thirty i which puv» mc (« n «rf

what Lortnto Gratian, a Spanijh Writer, rells ui oi hu

Conqueror, • The Heart of /lltxander, fays he, . an

• Arch- Heart, in a Corner of which the Workl 1 and

• left Room for many more,' It is a bold and extra . .gant
Thought J but it is not eafy to avoid Sentiments /ichis
Sort, when one has long and attentively confidcred the
Anions of this Man. After all, tho' hit Empire jjerilhed
with himftlf, or, at Icaft, was fplit into a Multitude of
Pieces, foon after he expired •, tho' he did not live to per*
feft his Schemes \ and tho' hardly any of his Succeflbrs un-
dcrftood them j yet it . has fo fallen out, that from the
Wifdom he Ihcweil in contriving, and the right Methods
he took for perfeding them, all the Proje^ of Trade,
and all the Difcoveries that have been made fince, are,
in Truth, owing : For the Plolemiej firft fixed the In-
dian Trade to Alexandria \ the Remans, when they be-
came NIaflcrs of Egypt, purfued it the fame Way } when
the Subjcdls of die Conftantinopolilan Empire found a Way
to come at a Part of this Trade, by the Euxine, or, as we
now call it, the Black Sea, it was no more th.in a Branch
of one of fiis Projcfls » and the fame thing may be faid of
the new Trade by Aftracan. It is true, ind; ed, that he
knew of no fuch Place •, but it is as true, that he meditated
a Defign fur eflablilhing a Commerce, by the means of the
Cafpian Sea, with the Northern Part of the Indies, thro*
the Country of the Usbeck Tartars, whofe Capital Samar'
(and, how little foevcr known to us, was once his Win-
ter Quarters. All this will be more plainly made out in
the Sequel of this Work : In the mean time, what has
been already liiid, will fufflciently ihcw, that as the Study
of Hillory anfwers many other Purpofes, fo it may be
made to anfwer the noble Purpofe of promoting extenfive
Commerce, which is the greated Benetit that can accrue to
Mankind. This, I think, is a fuflicient Apology for the
Pains I have uken to explain and vindicate the Charafter
of this great Prince: For, lure it cannot be better vindi-
cated, than by Ihewing, that, in the midft of his Conquells
and Victories, he did not, as fome Writers would perfuadc
us he did, forget that he was a Man -, but, on the con-
trary, kept conftantly in View a Charaifler much fuperior
to that of the Conqueror of the World \ I mean that of
being a F'ricnd and Father to Mankind j a Title which,
whoever will weigh the Nature and End of all his Dcllgns,
can never fee any Reafon to refulc him.

SECTION VII.

IhHiJlory of the Scleucids, Kings o/" Syria, tvho -were the mmccUatc Voffcjfon (?/"AlexanderV

Indian Conqiicjls.

I. Tl'f Di/ftirhnccs ivblch happened on Alexander'^ Death, and the Dhifi'jn of h'ts Empire. 2. Tl.r Efia-
i.'//Z/ncn/ 5/' Selcucus Nicator, /'« Syria, and the Rife of a ne-w Monard^y /« India, «;;./tr Sandracottiis.
3. 7Zf ahfilute Lojs of the Indian Provinces, and t!:e new Policy of the Syrian Princes. +. 0/"//'f Suc-
f.y/flno/'Sdcucus, and the Declenficn oj their yljairs in the Ball' s. fihe yittewpl nuiJe by Antiotlui'J
tie Great to recover India, and his Treaty li'ith Saphagalciuis. 6. AVieiv of the probalile Caa/es of' this
>li Management., in the Monarch (?/ Svria. 7. 'The P/ifdom and Magnanimity of tl:e Indian Princes, and
the Manner in ivhich they prefer ved the Correfpondence, after throwing off the Dominion, oftl)e Greeks.

H F, Death of Alexander was fucceeded, as he
ioirfaw it would, by Seditions among his prin-
cipal Commjndirs J and, in conrequcncc of
'Mt, tiic Divihon of his Dominions ; in (baring of which
wy were Ii) much taken up, th.u for feveral Days his
««y lay niglcdted. At lall it was agreed they Ihould be

parted, in the following manner : Caffandcr, ihe Son of
.-hitipattr, had Macedcn and Greece -, l.yfimachus had
Thrace, and the adjacent Countries 1 Piclemy, the Son of
I^^us, Egypt, Lytia, Arabia, and Ctrle-iyria 5 and t\!eu-
eus all the relt *.

•■ n-iJtr Sir,!. |,h ,viii.

Numb. XXIX,

Arr'tan, lil. vii. Strait, lib xv. 7%*"'

lib xiii. PUlarch. it MnanJrt,
-jM

I'::;,.!

f;s'

A • '

' ' I *■

imAmi

!1 ■ : .i

V '•

I'.

.. ... .-. .

•I

I f

'' t

410 7/v Difcovcry, Settlement, ^nd Commerce Bo()i;|

Hy tlili DiviHoii, ill the Sihrmcs of .Hfxtniir were tiv
tjlly Jrluttih fi.r rvcty otu mimlmn hit o^^n Intcnrt,
lluic loon .irolc liur Kiiii;iliMiu tmi vi ,tUsanJtr\ I' truiin :
So tlut, tlw' tlu- |).)immun» ot jhc (/'w*/ luWftctl, y"
llic Inrin ol' Ills Moiurchy, «*> l<iH within fcveiitecn Vr4r»
atur 111* Diccu , anil tlicrc w« imly .tn tinpty Kurm ot it
|irrlitvcii ihirinn tlut Sixice : Tor tli«' tliclc urrut Officir>
iiintti.tiii thimlllvfi, Jiiring tlut I'lmc, with the miKJitl
Njiiw i)t (Miviinors, yet tliiy huil, in cflal, .ti much the
IViwiTut Kin^s «altirtluy ailiiniiil the litlc.

It 11 not my Bufiiuh toiiurliic their Miftury Ijrther than
it conn 111* my .Siihjta : Ami tht r^loie, I .im lirll to l|ie.ik
i>» StUiian, within' whofr niviliim the IndiMt I'nivimi*
lay » •111 then I am to (htw liy wii.it means Ptolmy, ami
hi.sSuittrtbrn in /■..^v/'/, tun^fitreii the rrulj- oHIv kJitJ
intirely to tluir own Dominions, liy piirluini; a I'art ot
tli.it vail I'ian which . lUwittlr luA l.iul down, when he

IToiHifcil tlic I.tdiitiol tiic Worl 1 to Ixcome tholi- ol his
■ mpire : Ami tliij will at once .uilwer the I'lul ol this, ami
tlu- next .Section, anJ prJirvca pni|ierConneCiionlxtwceii
till- I'evcral I'eiiixU of general J lillory, whiih I am con.
llraiiieil to touch in the I'rimnis nl this Work i ami with-
out a ilue Conception ol whuh, the InJtMi Stury tan iicvtr
Ix: thoroiiglily uiu!crrto<Hl.

J. It is oSlirvvil, tlut the Follies of great Princei are
much nl'tcner copied than their N'lrttics. The Humour tlut
polleircd JlfxMJ(r, ot being thought ut divine Original,
Vixs llill ftronger in Siltu.us, and the Story hepuhlillud
more improbable and al>lurd. It w.u, in tew Wordi, thii.
His Motiur IjiuJur, Ixmg the Witcot /imiechuj, oiicol
Philip's Cintains, pretended llic dreamed that Ihe had ( on-
Verkd witn JpcHo, ami cunceiveil hy hini ; ami tiiat he
gave her a Kinj:, on the Stom- of which an Author was en-
graved, and directed her to Ix-ilow it on her Son, when he
tame to be a M.in. 'I'lii-s Son was Selcucus, faid to have
been born wiih an Anchor on his I high, by which alio
thv whole Kaie ot the StUuiid* were dillinguifhed, and
\vliich was liippot'ed to give tliem a Title to the Dominion
of the S1..1, tor the lake ot whiih, perhaps, the Story
w.is invented. However that might be, it was affirmed
that this King was ai'tiially lound in the Bed of Laudut\
and tlut fhe delivered it to Selneus, wiien he went to the
Ptrfiitn War, alTuring Imn that he w.w not the Son oi ^■
iiotlms, but of .IpclU. This Notion he took care to in-
culca;e anvingll hi.> SoKlicrs, as much as ixjfTible, and to
keep up the C redit of it as tar as l.iy in his I'owcr, atVedted
always a great Attention to Naval Allairs '.

But this was alter he had cllablilhcd himftlf in the
Kingdom 1 for, immcdutely alter AUxandtr's Death, he
found himrdt tully employed in feiuring his Sliarc ot his
MalKr's rerntones Irom being torf> tioni hiin by tlie
Ambition ot his Collegues.

It was during thele early Difputes, that the Indian Pro-
vinces were irrcT(jVerabIy loO. This Blow w.is given to
/llexander\ Kmpire by /IndniiOtlits, wiiom wc have for-
merly mcniioiied, and v,\\Q.u J ujl I H, andothir Author^ fre-
quently called SandracoUus. I h- was not ot Rov.J Fx-
traiftion, but he iiuift hav.- been the Son of lome I'lrfon ol
Dillindtion, lime, l)ciiig a Youth in //Uxaitdrr'i Lamp, he,
lunv- w.iy or oti-.er, olTcm!i-il that Monarch to Inch a De-
grce, th.)t he onlere.l hiin to Ix- llaiii ; which Icverr .Sen-
tence he ckaiie.l, by fjx-edy 1- light, it was on this Occa-
ticn, tlut an (Kid Accident inlpired him with the 1 loixsof
ac^iuiriii;^ tlv l<e<^;al Dignity : Being excenivcly tired with
the H-.-at ot the Wcatlur, and hard I'ravellmj.s he lay
down in a Wixxi, to llerp •, and a l.ujn having gently
licked thr Sweat ofl" his Bfxly, till he awaked, then lett
him without doing, or endeavouring to do him, the Ic.ift
Hurt. He gathered ateut him, loon afrcr, a Crew of
Outlaw, antl began to make Inroai's on the Matedonian
Colonies. He law the Diljiofuion of the People w.-is ab-
foliiicly reput^n.iiit to the Yoke of Cretk Slavery -, and
tlur.t.jrc, under Pretence of relloring laberty, he very
artfully (nought them into Subietlion to htmfelt \

As tins wa>. an Age when Prodigies had great Klfeas,
ylndra.onus |)ro>likca an l.lephant, of a very'unulual Size]
which, he aliureii the I'euple, came, of its own Accord',

out of the Wo«x!s, and Ixh.ivcd towards h

"> ^ 'inifl,

» J-jJIin, III' »v. <-. 4,

M It It had been long difupline<l. Thu ,Su,ry it,v
I'uipofc very extenfively ^ U„ ,t emwirag,,! d^ 1'. "
rviry-wherr to rile » atKl imluced iluni tu jm,, /?'
for their Chief. .So that, ma vrry lliort .S,,,ff 'k, "*
all -//a W/r's (unions and thole wlwc/nimlnj^i','*
breathing, whcrc-ever he marched, the l»r,,nur|i I'ijT
jalK-rty, .uui inlarging. by Degrees, U..I. |,„ Fora"!;
Dominions, till he w.in Uiome mu. h too (xHinttur
his Neighlxjurs, and durll avow puliliily In, |),,(iJ"''^'
only ot throwing ofV the (.rtfk Authority, butotcrV"
a new ami |H>werlul I mpire in the /nJ,ti. "i^

As f.K)!) as SdtUiin toiiml hmiUll well llxrd intlidV
felllon ol lus Dominions, he d' termined nith liinn, 1 "
rctover the Indi.in I'lovnues, ami to repretj the I'lui' '.
this new Comimior, who was the lirll ^trjiim I'^t y
aft(nipted to re|ea the tlovernmiiit oftliuOr//,^; T.
his l-.ndeavour (aim- too lat. -, .(lUraiCliiu was bccoittf"
by this time, much t.,o pmilul to apprehend any ihj
fioni one ot Jl,xu>idn\ Succeliors. Inltead tlicrtliire l
aluiidoning Ins new Coiu|uelU, he w.is no lUjncr ip. r'tj
ol .Vc.'<'«t«/s March into the Northern I'ruvinccs, ttiink
Ixgan to atTemble a numerous .\rmy, in onlcr'to morh
towarils, uml give him Battle. Stlmus lui' Urn hithctto
extrc nu ly fortunate, and was now at the Head ot agra
ftxly of excellint Tr<x)ps, (lulhed with Conqucft 1 ,•«
wiK n he hearil, that Sandraiouus was movi.-ig tuwanlshir
with a well dill iphned Army of Ooo.o. o Men, indamj;
Nuiiil)er ot I'leplunts •. and that, iiillead ot inilmingu
part with what he hoii alrculy obuined, he dfmamlal tia:
all the Country, to ilic River ./r/;/, lhoi;M be nfturcd m
the hdiani, to whom it lornurly beloiigtd, hcjuukdi
little, and lliewai an Inclination to treat.

On the other luml, the Indian Prince, being, bj\]A
(landing Maxims of their I'olicy, rcffraiiied Irom'atiaiktv
a l-oreigner, that did not oilt otfenlively agaiiill him, rt."
dily hllened tu the Pioixjlal ; .uid gave StUutiu to u,,it-
llami, that he hai! no t^rrel or Avtrfioii to the CVmj,
but lought only tor the I'relcrvation of that 1 retdur,,
wluch the Indians held dearer than their Lives. Aii la;-

dent happened, at this time, wim h contributed not

to the bringing this Negoti.Uion to .in aniicible Condiiik,
VIZ. the Apprehenlions SeUmuj was under, liuiii t:;-
i'ower of y/Hiigcni4S, which h,iil itmteil the ulitr Kn.n
againll him, wiih whom i'n'cuius was imliiied to coh!tu<-
ratchimlelfi ami was, thcielore, very dtHnjusiii^dtnj
tins Indian War well off his Hands. Alter lunie tirl-
llMrnt, therefore, iji Conferences, they cinie, at bll, 10
tins Agreement, viz. ihjn itliums IhuukI give up all ih:
Frontur Province-s, between the iiivers ./ril'/j aiul /«i,
to Siindraioitus ; and th.it he, on the other haml, Hiod,:
deliver five hundred ot his ilili ipiined b.lepluiits, to Sim-
(US : And this Ixing complied with by Iwh I'jrtie?, jj«-
dnuotius was left in (| net PollMIiun of his KingJiim, i."(i
StUucus marched Wellwarvl ag.iin with Ins .Army, itrongly
reinfoieid by thole five luiiulnd I'.l<-p!i.i; ts '.

It is impoHible, from the few (. luuinllancfs that ir:
hit us hy antient Writers, to pn t ml to fix the Buuiidarid
ol this Indian Monarch's Teriitories, or to lay, with iny
Degrtx- ot Certainty, of what Nation he w.is King: It:".
indci-d, certain, that he maiie Choite of the chici City ol
the I'ra/ums, lor Ins Capital 1 but I do not th;i k :t jr.-
bable, ilut he w.is litll Kmg of that i'eoplr : On tiic n r.-
traiy, it leems mofl likely, that hiving iirll got togcdr
an .Army, comixiled ot ludi as //.Vvivz/Ji-r had driven ou:
of their Countriis, iic betameftron^ inoiigh, by Degr.cs
to reduce all the CountrK-s between the Rivers ln.iui ni
Can^fi, and many alfo, on the other Side ot the bl'.-:''-"-
tiom-il Kivcrj .and then fixed the Seat ol his Iviipr.; -'t
Pa!imiotbrj. It is true, that Me^njlious rqwtcJ, t!ij:
Sanjracottus was the hundred .>nd fitty-thml Mon.'t.h,
from lidctbus ; and that tluile I'nntes had rri^naihrii'
•Space ol fix thoufind and forty two Years 1 which i^vi/
improbable m itfi It, and not at .ill agreeable to the otlicr
1 .ights wc have tiom 1 lillory '.

As lor this City of I'lilimbothra, which, in nuny Au-
thors, IS tailed I'aliUtbra, it Hood ut tlic Conr.unc: i;

' Slr^h, U. V. ;. ;i4. y,'/„, /,4,

4 VUlut.': in .ilt'-aiin.

Chap. II.

of the East Indies.

411

,hf R.vfM ErannckaU and C«X". ='ml wa$ thr moft m«Hc ehr ('apital of hl^ nominioni , and rnllc.l it. from
U«.»C'.y '" «'": ('"''"• Mfgajibrna. who l.ul Inrrn .he oM Munk. %i<,-/ i ,, /. th. r;„r./« ./ /W , which
ihrrf, affirm, that .( *« <;'Bhi|r >•»_•«'« J» I/rigth, 1. t^hc nuKlcrn Ha^ln ', and ilu v.iy l'l..tr whi.h ii now

it Rim,irk will be

a„J Httern in Brrath i lurroumlcd with a Uitch. of a |to> l*f.cB«l by <Ilmm.u KbcnU Kan : Am.I tliii „,„ ,^

Hrcadth, and f.)rty rtvc l-oot clfcp : I h(rc were found ot arcuiUc, in iju- \\ri\Q ol thr rfiiuminn ''art of

['^"hundred and fcvrnty I'owrrs on iti WiilU i and it had
1 lour (ut.» '. riolmy call. it. Ti./ Ktyai l\

llny-lour"

27":

'alitoibra * j,
Anil »V/r.i^9 ((lis \ii,

thii Work i uihI thtntorc I inirotlu. cd it hrrc, '1 he (anio
.SjltUiUi Niittler <n3s alfi) the Foumlcr ni Jniiofb, on the
Kivrr OroHln, aljout twenty MiIm above its Fail into the

,„. , ,,, - . -• • '^'■'/"'^'■'""''"•.Scai which loiitiiivifd, for ni.inyCcnturici.

r,,imi'>tl'nis ; which m j-rolublc . noiigh, fince it 11 plain, the c hid City oftlu- I'.all : And fo, indeed, it well ilrlcrvcd

ilui luch a Ciillom prcvaikd in the IhJui, from the In- to Ix-, (or ii^ tonvenirnt Situation, lying at an equal Di-

lliiicc of A/e/"*". *'"'• o" hii AccefTion to the Kingdom ftancc '- — ' "

ml niaifllt '"•'"•-•" '~''";' i'

(lut.lrom thu Royal Liiy, the King was frequinily callal

Palii

ol Wrf, afllirnul th< Title tA -raxiUi.
The City ol I'ahbotbra is frcijuintly mention

Irom the two (^nat Citm, ot ConJiaiitinopU m l:u-
rope, and .Utxandna in Egypt, about 700 Milo Iroin cacli

ncd, with of thcni '.

Mifk»*oithf iititioll Aitniiraiion, by many antient Authon \ I Ic, and hii .Sue rrlTors, had I- Icrts, both in the Cifpian

aiul continued, to the liinc ol IViity, to be ronfidcrnl as the and lUack Scai \ but tlic Accounts we have, ot the Voyapc*

Mttropoluof India. 1 f" re is go<Kl Rrafon tolxlicve, it in inaile in l«)tli, bjr their Dire^ion, in Pliny, .wi fo obluiie,

thtlime with the moi!*-^ City ot Halabas, in tin- Mnj^ud and, in 'I'ruth, fo ablurd, that it would be to 110 Purpoli ,

DomiiiionJ, fituatcd un ihe Confluemc ol the Uivcrs Ce- to trouble the Readtr wifh any Account ol them. W'c

«ii^ and ■£iU£^''f£^i •'lid agreeing, in other nljit^j, to have, indeed, a kttir (. haraCler given us of out /Vrw /a,

the foregoiiignfiiription. Mtgajlhencs, who wan cm- whom (li y employed to ini]uire into the liovcriiinciit and

iiloycJin fcvtral Negotiations, at the Court uf S,in,lnuol- Trade of the lnJifs, and who wrote a Hook upon this

Iw, rrprtfcnted him .is a Prince no lei's confj/icuoiis for his Subjid, often cited, and much commrmleil ly ii/rnl/o j

Virtues, than formidable for his I'ower i as one who ruled Hut it is long lliire loft, tlio*, from his Accountof it, molt

fiththeutmoft Regard to Equity and Juftiee, and kept certainly it dilervcd a bitt( r late.

" " ' " 4- This .')V/^«(wMVtf/or, or the Conqueror, who was the

firfi Monarch of Syriti, and of whom we have hitiicrto
been fjK-aking, reij-.neil thirty-tlircc Years ; and, on his
IX-ath, was liucecilcd by his Son /Intiochiis ScUr, i. c.
the Saviour, which Surname he obt-uned by deliating the
dciulj, who broke into lelfer Jfia, and threw ail that Part of
the World intoConfulioii : He reigiiid ninetee.i Years 1 moft
of which were fpiiit in War 1 and was fuccceded by hi$
Son /Intiocbus Tlcus : In the eleventh Year of whofe Reign
the /'rfr/ifr/'rtwj and fi<?//r/rtw revolted, whuh cut off from
J. By tius Treaty, mailc with the Indian Prince before him moft of the l\allern Provinces, ami, with the Rebellion
mtniioiirtl, i>/ci«i«; abfolutely abandoned all the Conquells of his Son, tierplexed his Reign fo Tn,n.h, that he had not
tin Jlixandtr had made on that Siile, within lets than 'J'ime to look into the domcllic Oi-conomy of his Empire,
twenty Years alter his Death •, and they were never after- whii h ho enjoyed fifteen Years mil wis then fucceeded

by his Son StleihUs CailmiiUi, " 10, in the Beginning of
his Reign, was involved in a VN .1 with his Brothe

mn his Soldiers to Inch ftrid Uiliiplinc, as that an Army
ot four hundred tliouland Men, could march thro' a
Country, without lui ralTuig, or dcftroying it. I le muft,
ind.t^l, have bten a Prince of fingular Abilities, who,
trum liich Imall Beginnings, would raile uj) lb potent an
fni('irc, and leave it, at his Deceafe, fo fiis .Son. 'I'he
Name of this SuccclTor of his, was /llitrocbades \ and we
ffaJ in Pliny, that the Standing Forces of this Monarch
were lix hundred thoulimd 1-oot, thirty thoufand I lorfc,
anJ nine tliouland l'.lepl»anU '

wirJj rccovired. It was this Prince, who in his Tranf-
ictiuns with the Kings of India, made ufc of Mtgiiftbcnes,
whom we have fo otten mentioned j and it was, by being
thus employed by StUucus, that he acquired the Knowledge
tLquiliic lur the writing ot his Book, which is long ago
ptnlhcd, dio' there arc ftill fome Fragments pielerved.
He is cenfurcd as a f.ibulous Writer, by moft of thole who
ctclumi and, in tlie Beginning of the 15th Century, it
awintothe Mtad of an Italian Monk, wh<jle Name was
Mm, ofyilerl/o, to counterfeit the Book, of which wc
hive been fpcaking, notwithllanding that he knew fo little
ct it, as to mirtake the Author's Name, whom he calk
Mitajihntf, into which Milhke he was led, by the /,<///«
Traulation of 'Joj'epbus. I lis Mafter Scleu,us was a very
v:fe, as well as fortunate I'rince •, but his Kcign was lo
muih troubled with Wars, that he lud liraicc Leifurc to
l.'iink ot' any thing elfc.

liitre is, however, one Circumftancc in his Reign, that
muft not be forgot, which w.is his building Sc'eiuiii, on tiie
Kivcr Tigris, at the Dift.incc of forty Miles tioin Babylon,
iiiorJcr to'make it the Scat of Government, tor the Fallcrn
Provinces of his F.mpire : And in this he, and other Suc-
rcirors of /tltxander the (irear, afTerteil to coiiy their
Miller i and none of them with better Suecefs tiian iV-
Imui: For his new City, which ftood on the Well Suie of
tlicKiver, loon drew moll of its Inhabitants {\om Babylon,
»tuch funk fo low, as to be turned, by the l\ir!btan Kings,
i.itoaPark for wild Bcafts". By Degrees, however, its
Name was transferred to Stleuda : And this is the Babylon
ilutwc find afterwards mentioned by llillorians. It may
not lie amifs to obfervc here, that the new Babylon is now

I with nis Hrotlier -, which
g.ive an Opiiortunity to ytrfaas, the new King of /'r/r-
ibia, to aild Hyrcania likewit'e to his Dominions \ which,
however, Seltucus endeavoureil to recover, and marched
with a great Army into I'nrlbia for that Purpofe, but with
no great Succefs. In the lixtcenth Year ol his Reign, he
inv.uled I'arthia a fecond Time with worfe Fortune than
before } for he was defeated and taken Prifoncr by .-/r faces,
and, having lived in Continemcnt three Years, died of a
I'all from his Ilorfe.

He w.LS liicceedid by his .Son Scleucus Cervtntis, i. e.
the Thunderer, an odd Surname for a weak and pulillani-
mous Prince, who, afti r fitting three Years on the I'hrone,
and doing nothing remaikahie, was poifoncd by fome of
his Miniftcrs, leaving behind him no Ifliic •, after hit
Death, lucceeded AnttOihiu the Son of Selaictis, when
the Kingdom of Syria was in the moft liiftrelled Conilition
imaginable, ililtr.vted at home, and embroiled abroa;!'.

5. This ^itioihus merited the Title of Great •, for,
though at Ills Acafllon to r!ie Kingdom, whicii happened
in the Year 3 2 i before Cbrijl, he was but fitteen Years
old, yet he ilifcovered a .Spirit worthy of his Crown, and
capable of relloring the Glory of his Country. In the
Beginning of his Reign, he fent Molon and Jlesander, two
Brothers, one into Media, and the other into Parthia j
but they, delpifing the King's Youth, fet up lor themfelves,
and fei^ed the Countries they were fent to govern : Thefe
Rebels defeated two Armies that were fent ag.iinll tlicm )
but King Jntiocbus himfelf, marching fnft into Media,
there defeated Molon, who killed himlelf in Delpair : His

funk as low as the old : For the Caliph Atmanfur, obfcrv- Brotlier Alexander, finding it impolVibIc to refilV, lieftroyed

ing, on the other Side of the River Tigris, a very beauti-
lul Spot ol (iround, on which there was nothing but the
Cdlol a Chrillian Monk, and a little Garden, he thought
the Siniation lb pleafant and commodious, that in the Year
alitr Cbrill 762, he built there a new City, wliich he

his Mother and all his Family, and then killed himlelt ;
by which means thcfe two Provinces were again rellortd
to the Syrian Empire. Fncouraged by this Suecrls he, in
the eleventh 'Year of his Reign, attacked .-/(yrtccf, King of
Partbia ; and, after a long "VVar, concluded a Peace with

' Mian. t« l,d„,

'■' VI. ,. id.
'l^'idir.Situl. Uh.u.

•" ilf. Cellar. Gitgr. ^Klig.
' Elmaimi llijlaria Saiaimuu, A.
Strabi, lib. XVI. jfkjlin. lib. xv.

^' , , 3

L).t'U|-'-

145. Eulytlii /Innalt
• JffiuH. in S)riiiiii

Hijl. Sat. 1,1'

, 'fom. i.
Jujlhl.

J Stralo, lih. x.< i. rlix.
p. •,i)^).' Aiul. ri-Biaiii HiJl.l)_y:aJI. f. 141.

VI. f. ilj.

hint,

iVf i

i|!

life

i • ?

nl'J

' ::fli

n ' •■if

411-'^'

4,,.,.

I'U^^ --A

412 77;^ Difcovery, Settlement, and Commerce BookL

Wm, by wlrich he yielded up Partbia and Hyrcanit. He did
this, that he might be more at Leifurc to recover the Eait-
crn Provina-Si and with this View he invaded Bailria,
which had tx-cn long torn from tht Dominions of the Suc-
ccflbrs of .■ilesander. EulMonus was then King of that
Country, a very wife andpottnt Prince, agoinll whom
ytnlwibit} carried on the War with great Vigour, but with
little Succcfs I fo that after his iitmoft Efforts for the dil-
iwlTefllng him ol that Country, fimiing that he made but
little Progrtls therein, by rcalon of the Valour and Vigi-
lancy of thofe he had to deal with, he grew weary of the
War ; and, therefore, admitteil Ambafladors from Euliy-
dcmus to treat of an Accommodation '.

By them Euihdemus complained of the Injufticc of the
War which Ar.tiochui had made againft him, telling him,
that he was not of tliofe that had revolted from him j and
that, therefore, he hat! not, on this Account, any Right of
War againft him : That the Revolt of the BaUrians
from the Syrian Empire had been made under the leading
of others before his Time : I hat he was polTeircd of that
Country, by having vanquilhcd and driven out the Dc-
Icendants of thofe Revolt- rs, and held it as the jurt Price
of his Viiflory over them. 1 it farther ordered it to be
fuggefted to .htiocbuSt that the Scylbians, ulcing the Ad-
voiitage of the War, in which they were now wafting
each other, were preparing a great Army to invade BaiJria -,
and that, therefore, if they continued any longer their
Contention about it, a fair Opportunity would be given
thofe Barbarians to take it from ixith. I'his Confideration,
added to the Uefire which Antiochus before had to get rid
of this tedious and troublcfome War, brought ium to
agree to fuch Terms as produced a Peace ; for the confirm>
ing and ratifying of which, Eutbydtmus fent his Son to
Mtiochus, who took fuch a Liking to the young Man, that
he gave him one of his Daughters in Marriage ; and, for
his liike, allowed the Father to take the Stile and Title of
King ot Baitra ; and then, having received from him all
his Elephants (which was one of the Terms of the Peace)
he marched over Mount Caucafus into India \ where, hav-
ing renewed his League with Sapbagajenus, the King of
tliat Country, and received fo many Elephants from him,
as, when added to thole he had from Eutbydtmus, made
up their Number an hundred and fifty, he marched
from thence into /Irocbcfia ; and from that Country into
Brangiana \ and from hence into Carmania, fettling, as
he went, all thofe Countries in due Order under his
Obedience '.

This was the laft Expedition, of any Confcquence, that
was ever undertaken by any of the Grtcian Princes in ^-
ria ; and, therefore, this is the laft of ihcfe Princes that
I ftioll mention . But, that we may not concl'.;de his Reign
abruptly, kt us continue it as concifely as may be to its
Ciofe. After having wintered in Carmama, he returned
through Perjia, Babylonia, and Me/opotamia, unto Animh,
alter having been fcven Years ablent from thence in this
Expedition. By the Boldncfs of his Attempt, and the
Wildom of his Condudl through this whole War, he
gained the Reputotion of a very wife and valiant Prince,
which made his Name terrible through all Europt as well
as AJia -, and thereby he kept all the Provinces of his Em-
pire in thorough SubjeAion to liim. And thus far his
Actions might well have dcfcrved the Name of the Great,
which was given upto him, and he might have carried it
with full Glory ^nJ Honour to his Grave, but that he
unfortunately engaged in a War with the Remans.

Ihis was intirdy the Effcas of his Vanity, for which
he paid very dearly -, for it proved the Ruin of his Affairs,
and brought upon liim a Train of Misfortunes, lliat followed
him to liis Grave. The true Dcfign of this War was to
have torn away a Part of the Kingdom of Eg\pt from
Ptolemy Epiphanti, a Child under the Guardianftiip of the
Jioman Republic. It was upon this Occafion that ne aban-
tioned all riioughts of the haft, and laboured inceffamly to
raifia large maritime Force in Europe, yct.notwithftanding
he fucceciled in this, and hail alfo Hannibal, the grcateft
General of his Age, to affift him, his Affairs

grew

daily worfe and worfe i and, king, at laft, routed in f^vmi
naval Engagements, and in a decifivc Battle at M. c
he found himfelf in fo great Diftrtfs, that he wTf'
ftrained to accept fuch a Peace as the Romm tho^io\l
to grant him •, and thereby gave up all W>, on the oih
Side Mount Taurus, and paid the Expi'nces of the U
which were fettled at fifteen thoufand Talents, or three M-j'
lion fix hundred thoudind Pounds of our Money, wi t
extremely funk his Reputatum, and wafted his Trnf
involving him, bclidcs, in fuch a Train of difagreeaNc iS
fuijefsleU Enterprizes, that, at laft, robbing the Tetnol
of Jupiter Belus in the I'rovincc f Elymais, in ordtr r^
obtain Money to pay the Romans, tins occafioned an in.
furredlion which coft him his Life '.

His Succeffors purfued his Maxims of Policy ; neglclcd
their Eaftem Provinces, on which Side they rnight bt
aded with Advantage -, and, oppofing the Rmam from
the Dread ot their Power, drew it upon them to fuchi
Degree, as to lofe all their great Dominions to that R;.
public, and her Confederates.

6. It is not cafy to conceive an Empire better fitmtfj
for Commerce, than that of the SeUucid^, at the Dcai
of its Founder Siltucvs Nicater i for they had the Eallm
Provinces of AUxander'i Empire to the Frontiers of th;
Indies, the Red Sea on one Side, that is to the South, tiij
Cafpiait Sea on the Nortii, and the Mtditerranm opento
another Part of their Dominions. It is very c\ iJert, era
from the dark Accounts of Pliny, that the lirrt Monarch
of this Family were very defirous of keeping up a man-
time Force, and making Difcovcries in the Caftian Sea;
but the Wan and Confufions that follo' cd the Lois, liri
of Bailria, then of Partbia and Hyrcania, and, at \i!t, of
PerJSa, difcouraged thefc Princes, and indeed tookim
them the Means of purfuing that Plan '.

It is likewife evident, that Seleucus was extremely fonj
of another of his Mailer's Maxims, which was that ct
building new Cities •, and of thefc he left a great Numlw
of his own, his Wives, and his Mother's Names, befiis
thofe we have already mentioned : And this Practice of ha
grew into a Humour with his Succeffors, who were evtr,-
where ereding new Cities at the Expcnce of old cnts,
Their Conduit differed widely in this from that of A!ix»
der, who never affefted to ruin old Cities, but built rtw
ones in proper Places and for proper Puriwfcs, Icavirj
Colonies of Macedonians, where he iiitcndeii they fti«!d
fervc for Garifons •, and ufing all Means uolTible to mvtt
Strangers of every Country, and of all Religions, to im
in them, where he intended them tor Ports ',

And as thefc Princes credcd new Cities on very diffcv-:
Motives, fo the Confcqucncei that attended them ».::
very different likewife ; for many of the Cities, built by
Alexander, increafed and became famous on account of ti-
Prudence he had fticwn in the Choice of their Situations i
whereas the others, that were moft of them the I'lfccfeoi
Vanity, unpeopled and deftroycd each other -, and to, ;-.•
ftead of remaining Monuments of the Power, beamc L>
ftanccs of the lolly and Weakncls of ihcfe I'rince:'.

7. It was natural for me to btgin the Hiftory of in-
ander's Succeffors with that Family, which, at firft, »ttt
in Poffeffion, and always claimetl a Right to his Iiia
Conquclb •, which, as we have flicwn, they quickly lo;.
by their own ill Management. It may no' be amils, ho»-
ever, to obfcrve, that, from the Fads mentioned m tte
Period, the Steailincfs of the Indians, in rifpedt to thsf

Maxims of Policy, very plainly apj)eari.

Sanincsiw

raifed himfelf fuddcniy to an amazing Height ol Po«r,
and from a private Perfon, hiding himfelf in the \\(»'
for the Prefcrvation of his Life, rofc to a Degree of ?iwk.
capable of refiftmg the whole I'orte of the Kings ot . ''.
when in the Zenith of their Cdory : Vet he contcnteil fca
felf with reftoring the amient Bounds of Mia, anJ f™

Earted with five hundred Elephants for thit I'urplc i W
e never thought of foreign Conqucfts, or was dra«n 4
Motfves of Ambition or Vanity, to weaken his ^"'''^■' .
extending his Dominions. On the contrary, wc Ind 'I-'
gajlbtnn, who was an Eye-witnefs of wiut he wrote, "

• y.jUM. I,h XXX, e. 1 >■ Ptljb. lUfl. hit xi «. 651

$4; Sittij, lit. xYk. Jiifli> iih.xxxn. i. t. '

¥ul,f,un» » PtiJ at. Hi.

f- 6ci. « A

* ei,-. iti. ii. 1. 1:

Afianm in StrUtii I iv. Iih. xxxvi xxxviii. /*".'•*• Kf" J"

Chap. II.

of the East Indie

41J

ftllina on the (Irift Difcipline of his great Armies, on the
'ruirality of that Prince's Court, and on his ftrift Adhe-
rence to the Manners and Cuftoms of his Country. We
find the fame Principles as ftcadily purfued by Sapbagafenus,
»,ho was King of that Part of India, which was threatened,
rather than attacked, by /htiochus the Great : He hkcwife
parted with his FJephants to prefcrve Peace, tiio' he ap-
rtarj to have bten fo well prepared for War, that even
that potent and fortunate Monarch of Syria chofe rather
tocominomire the Differences between them amicably,
thin to liazard the Ruin of his Army by an Engagc-

Thcff M<^^ Princes had nothing in view, but fecuring
their Dominions, and maintaining their Subjefts in Peace
and Qiiii.t. On the other hand, the Syrian Kings were
fond of making a Shew of their Power in theie Countries,

• f-M lit. u.

Coninitrfr.

* Tit. Liv. lib. xxxvii. Apfian. "Jujiiiu

by keeping up a Corps of Elephant.-, in their Armies, pre-
ferring thus the Shadow to the .Su'Dllancc, and fceking
rather to fpread a falfe Opinion of their (Grandeur in the
Weft by this Difplay of their Elephants \ than to main-
tain it in the Eaft, by a conftant Attention to the I'rcferv.ition
of thofc Provinces, which, by the CoiKna'fts of Akxmda;
were derived to them. But, though the Doininion of
the Greeks was loft on this Side, yet their Coniun-rce with
the Indians was, in a great meafiire, preft rveJ hy tiic wife
Conduft of the SuccelFors oi Alexander in anotlier Part of
his Dominions ' 1 of which we are next to fpeak, and
which will bring us to a Conclufion of this Part of our
Subjedt, by leading us to the lame Point which rlofis this
Scftion i viz. die Palling of that P.irt of Alt^ander\ Em-
pire into the Pollcnion of tJie Ramans.

' The Pitltmiti, who moll of them cultivated maritime Power an4

SECTION VIII.

T^hc HiHory of the Greek Empire in Egypt, under the Ptolemies ; the EftahliJJmcnt of the
Indian Commerce., at Alexandria ; and tlie Confequences of that Efluhlifhment^ to the
RduEiion of the Kingdom of Egypt into a Province., by the Romans.

J, The Settlement o/"Egypt, on the Death o/' Alexander the Great, under Ptolciny the Son o/Lagus, after-
vnrdi King, and Jurnamed rtoletny Sotcr. 2. The Character of that Prince', his perfect Acquaintance
tiiti, and earneji Inclinations to execute, the De/igns of Alexander. 3. An Account of the Foundation,
PiOfiling, and Adorning Alexandria, the Capital of the Greek Empire in Egypt. 4. The ereSling the Pha^
rns or Light -houfe there, and other Methods ufed to render the Port of that City J'afe and commodious.
y. An Account of the Mufeum, and Library of Alexandria. 6. And of the Serapeum, and additional
Library, which was defiroyed hy tl?e Arabians. 7. The Jlupendous Faults, Ciflerns, and otfjer juhterra-
KimConveniencies of that City. 8. The Accefjion of Ptolemy Philadelphus, and the Maxims of his Go-
rernnifnt. 9. His Care in Jittling the Commerce between Egypt and the Indies, tljc Source of the immenfe
li'ailth 0/ that Country for many Ages. 1 0. The Methods ufed bv him, to f'ecure the Inter courfe between the
Red Sea, and the Nile, def'cribed at large. 1 1. yln Account of the extenftve Dominions, va/i Power, and
frodi^ious Revenue, 5/ Ptolemy Philadelphus. la. A fuccinSt Hifory of the Reign of Vtolcmy Euergetcs.
I}. The Improvements made in the Commerce to the Indies, under Ptolemy Philopater, and luccecding
Princes, 14. Declenfion and Ruin of the Grcik Empire in Ei,\"^l. if. Injiances of the vafl Profits ac-
iw;^ ^5 //'(• Egyptians, hy their \n^\an Trade. 16. Situation of that Commerce, at the Di£hluticn of
that Empire. I7. The ReduSion oj Egypt, /^ Auguftus, under the Roman Empire,

T is a Thihg agreed, by all the W^r/tcrs of the Life
of Alexander, that none of his Commanders ftood
in higher Favour with him, or in greater Credit
wth his Army, than Ptolemy, called fiom the Name of his
Farhtr, Ptelnny lagus '. The King had raifed him,
intrdy from the ElKeni he had of his Merit ; and, at the
rme of his Mailer's Dcceafe, he was one of the moft con-
lidtrible Officers in his Troops, tho* in the very Flower of
liis Age ; For at the Juncture, when the Divifion of the
Prmmoes was inade, and he had F.^ypt afllgncd him,
Piiltrnj did not exceed forty-five. Mit went thither im-
mfJiate'y •, had the Province delivered up to him quietly ;
i^<■ Jdded to It, by his Valour and Conduct. It was not
loii;; before fome of thofe, who conferred upon him this
''oininion, movtd by F.nvy and Ambition, would have
ccpnvedhiin of it : But he was fo prudent a Statcfman, fo
great aC,ipt.iiii, and fo gracious .i Maftcr, that hb Army,
iM his 5ul)itch, milured to him fteadily, and enabled
lim to relid tlieclually all the Attempts that were made
tohiiPr-juilice.

A Kuinoiir prevailed thro* the Maeedoninn Army, that
^fitr-: Akxandir\ Botiy was intombcd, that Country
'';ould iiiiny I'eace and Felicity beyonii any other. Ptolemy,
K-.cw;nghowgi(Ht an ElVeft fuch fuperltitious Opinions
'^'V'^ Uiuiii the Minds ot the Vulgar, contrived, under
"'J(Hir (.1 ciiivtying it to the l\ iiiple of Jupiter .-Immon, to
Fi'iHtiiiiir „t 1,1s MaHcr into hj^ypt, where it was firit
'•''i"''^tiv. at A/,v,;/i^/jj ami y^.^^ alt^i wards tiMnfiiorted to

Alexandria, where it remained, anil gave Credit to Pli'
Uny, in all his Undertakings ".

After the firft Difputes, which followed after that Con-
queror's Deceafe, and the fecond Partition of the Provinces^
Ptolemy had a larger Share ; and, behaving much more
kindly to the Soldiers, than the other Princes did, had al-
ways a numerous, and well-difciplined Army ; by the Help
of which he added Ca-le-Syria, Phcemcia, Judea, together
with Cyrene, and Lybia, to his Dominions ; which rendered
him, if not the moll jx)werful, at leaft, the beft eftabliflied
of all .4lexander\ Captains; which appeared by the People^
or rather Army's giving him the Title of King, at a Time
when his Arms were not very fuccefsful, as if they intended
to fuggert they would either redore his F'ortune, or flvire
it. He did not, however, affume himfelf the Chanider
of an independent Prince, till ...nctcen Years after the
Death oi Alexander, and the Extinftion of his F'amily ;
that is to lay, in the Year before Chrift 304 '.

2. There is great Prolwbility, that Alexander, who had
fo mucli Atfcftion for Ptolemy, confiilid to him Ibme of
his principal Dellgns. To which Opinion I incline, for
two Kcafons : The firft is, th.it Ptolemy liimfeif wrote a
kind of Military Hiftory of that Prince, on the Credit of
which Arriiin, from whom we have the beft Account of
Alexander's Projedb, chiefly relies : And the fecond, that
Pttdetny not only ex- cutcd fevcral Srhemis that his Mailer
had left unfinilhcd, but appeared to art, in all 'J hings,
upon the like Principles, elixcially in prottdinR to the ut-
moft, and ufing all his Endeavours tor the dood of his
Subicds, which gained him fo high aCharaLt^r, that when

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414 The Difcovcry, Settlement, ^//^Z Commerce Book!

Di>ioi hares, a famous Arcliitetl, lie contiiiufd his ^xt
dition into l.tlya, "'

his Affairs took once a wrong Turn in Fyria, Thoufamh
followed him intci Hgypl, chiifing rather to live uniler him in
any Condition, than to lubmit a fecondtiinc to ^intig tins.

l le iikcwiri- imit.itcd his Matkr, in hi-; Can- of having a
Maritime Forrc, which he chiefly maint linal by tiu- Kind-
mfs he (hewed to the RboMam, and others, who, in thofc
Jlayswere eftecmcd moft fkiihil in whatever nganled Na-
vigition or Commeac. He was alio very arcclTible by,
and nude large Prclcnts to fiich Strangers, as, being evil-
treated in their own Country, came to take Shrltir in
F.gyp! ; by which he gained Multitudes of induiWous, and
ot mercantile I'ecple cfixrcially, who were Ix-tter fxMsfied
Oniler his mild Adminiftration, than with the Haughtinefs
of his Rivals, and the many Revolutions, which, thro' the
Abufc (f their Authorities, happened frequently in Places
under their Dominion.

But what principally manifcftrd his Attention to the De-
figns oi Alexandtr, was his extraonlinary Application to
finifliing and adorning his new City at' Alexandria, which
Ptolemy not only perform-d fucccfsfully, and peopktl it
al'u id'intly, but made it the Capital of Egypt, ard the Scat
of his Empire, as it continued (with continual Improve-
ments and Aug nenrations) under his Succcflbrs. This
City, as the Rclidmce of tliat Monarch, who reftored the
antien" Commerce of the Indtei, by the Route of the /<r«-
Han Guiph, and as being itftif the great Staple of that
Commerce for many Centuries, it will be rcqiiifitc for us
to tieff rilx: 1 and that more largely, and with greater Re-
gard to antient Wiiterr, than is ufual with modern Collec-
tors of Hiftory, Ixcaufc it has a very near Relation to our
Subj.ft, and will (nable the Reader to undcrftand the more
clcaily what follows.

3. While E^-p: continued a Province of the Perfian
Empire, fhe was always opprelTed and eKhaulled. J'hc
Mc)naichs of Pe^fux were fo jealous of the Egyptians, that
they re«kf)ned thtir Poverty a profitable Thing to the
F.mpire, as ttnding to keep them quiet, aiid within the
Bounds ol their Duty : And it was fortius Rea.'^^^n, that
thiy (hfcouragid, as nutch as polTible, any Settlements on
the Coafl ol the Rrd Sea ; and were tar enough trom pro-
moting tlieir Trallick in the Mediterranean. But Alex-
under w.isot qiiirr another Difpofition, and no fooner |X)f-
fcffed l\im!f it of this noble Country, than he tegan to con-
ficler h'^w it mig't he heft improved., and in what manner
his Power miglit be employed, in rellortng its antient
\S>aIth antl .'>p'tndor.

In his Man h to the Temple of Jupiter /Immcn, in Li-
/)■.?, he took notice of a Space of Cin>upd, lyirg along the
Coart, and nirtLtly oppofite to the little Illand of Pharos;
wtiich he judged a very convenient Situation for a City, as
having the Mediterranean in Front, the Lake Mareetis be-
hind, and the River Nile, and the Red Sea, on one Side
ol it. Alter confulrring the Ihing a little, he entered fo
thoroughly into all Advantages that might Ik derived from
tlull- Lircumtlances, and tonfaw fo cxaftly all that aJter-
wards this City arrival at, that, poftponing his Journey for
thcprtfin:, he rcf)lvod, without IXlay, to caufe the Out-
lines ot the City to be drawn, under his own immediate
lidlKcliDn, and to call it Alexandria *.

1 lis tirft Care was for I halth : And, hearing the grofi
Air, Irom ilic neig!ibouringMar(h?s was looked upon as
Uiiwhillomr, h.- t) contrived the Streets, that they rc-
itivtd the Eif/i.ui Winds quite throut^h them i which fo
purified the Air, and purged thr Vapours, tlut the Inha-
bitants fiMiiid the ^itu uion hi-althy, and the Breezes plcafaiit.
1 !e provided next lur Stn ngtii ; and laid down the Pl.an
in luch a manner, that there were only two Ro-ids to it,
tarh ol iJKin very conimixlious •, Iwt (> fituated, one ta-
ssanis t'.SKa, and tiie other by the Laki-, that a fmall
iV-'y cjI l-'orccs niijjht hi- ablt- to dtlend it, in any time of
Dug r. It was laid out in the Form of a .Soldi>.-r's Coat,
f-ring about thirty St.i,lia in Lc-ngth, and ten in Breadth :
There ran through the inidft of it a tincoixrn Street, one
huniired feet m Ik.-idtli, wherein the principal Buildings
lor p|ililu l/'ks were to (land: And he likcwife caufed
the Kounda'ions of a koyal PalaLO to b- marked out ;
and tlicn, committing the Care ot building this City to

• DuJ Situi lit. OTii. Slrak*, iit. jvii. P:uHrJ,. i» Altxanjri.

Some Writers, indeed, fty, that it was not till after 1 s
Return fmm the Temple ol'Jupiter Ai.mon, that hebut
this City -, which is very eafily accounted for, llr.cc « 1
certain, that, ujwn his Return into Egypt, he viiiud tht
riling City; and was extremely pleated at the ProgrcKtlm
had been made, and at the ikauty of the I'ort; wluiK
when fenced with a Wall, and claned, appeared to b ■ um
ol the molt capacious in that Pait of tho \S orld. h nuy
fecm fomewhat extraordinary, that the antielit £nwri
Kings, who were fo much famed for their VVii;io:i), ihoJIj
not dilcover a Port that lay fo conveniently lor cmbrajn'
the whol- Trade of the Mediterranean : But the 1 ruth is"
that they were well enough acc^uainted with it, andacluallv
built a Town called Rhac.tis, in its Neighbourhood i not
with any \'iew to the making uil- of the Port, but mc
the contrary, with Intention to have filled it up, and imilai
ir, from the Fear they were under ot the Creeks, whom
th; y confulered as a needy, ami, at the fame time, an en-
terpiifing Nation, who were ready to improve any Op-
pirtunity tliat otTercd, of bettering their own Condition, at
the F.xjxncc of their Neighbours.

When the Form and F.xtcnt of tlie new City w.^ {a}:i
fettled, Alexander took care to people it, hy prantin" «■
traordinary Privileges to fuch as flioiild inhibit it. '1 hj-
Inhabitants were ol three Sorts : \Jl, Macediniam, who
had the higheft Privileges 1 and in this Rank alfo, the J^-^i
were inrolled, which, as their Affairs were in a diftrucltd
Condition at home, drew Multitudes cf them thithx
id. The Mercenaries, who were old and unlit tor Scrvicf,
and were defirous of obtaining a Settlement. 31^, Tfcc
native Egyptians, who, tho' the lead tavoiircd with re-
f^xrit to Immunities, yet being offered much more advar-
tageous Conditions in tliis new City, than they had in ar.y
ol their own, refortcd thither in Cnjuds : So that, in a fliun
time, the Place was not only built, but thoroughly inlu-
bited i which was greatly promoted by t!ie Care that.fe-
ander took, even when at the grcatell Dillaticc, fur the
Improvement of this favourite Colony '.

4. At the Time that Ptolemy came to take PoMoti cl
his Province of Egypt, he found Alexandria m a vcy
. uriftiing Condition -, for which Reafon he choli; it t.r
the Capital of his Dominions ; and, all his I .ifc long, iluJuJ
to adorn it, and incrcafe the Number of its InhabitaiiD.
His long Reign of 39 Y'ears gave him various Oppont-
nities ol fulfilling his Intentions, and of executing, in ibi
City, what Alexander had profxifcd to luvc dune through-
out his IX)minions, as we Ihall Ihcw as fiiciindllyas nut
be : His firft Care w.s, to eftablilh a great Maritime Forct;
in which, notwithflanding the many Checks he met with in
his Reign, he fuccecded boyond any of the Succeffirs cl
his Mailer i and, at the time of his Deceafe, might be
faid to be Mailer of the Sea. It was this that occalioneJ
his inlargingand improving the Port cf /^/«Wr,o, w!iic!i,
even in its Beginning, alarmed the Cirthaginitmsi'o much,
that they fcnt one Hamilear, who was furnained Rhdm:,
to the Court of Alexander the Great, to get certain Infor-
mation as to the Dcligns of that wife Prince, with rcipr;t
to this new Port, and the Communication they hfycU
he meant to otx:n between it and his Dominions un t «
tall.

llamilcar was inflrufted to pretend, that he was 11
Exile from Carthage, and came to feek Refuge in t".:
King's Cejurt, where he was to endeavour to infinmtc
himlcif into his Confidence, in order to execute his Con-
million the better ; and, under the Protechon oi Pjrm::,
he fucceede.l perfeftly : But, after the King's IXynh, f^;
turning home, and making a Report of the PolTibility «
uniiitiy the Fallern and Wcllern Commerce of the Wo'.;!
at Alexandria, his Countrymen, difpleafeel with Ins l''--
coveries, or thinking it dangerous to let a Man live, «"«>
kiicw lu much, by an extraordinary Stroke ol Uci)iib!K.ii
Ciratitude, they put him to De.itli, as the '^""''\; '■

of fccuring thcmfclves from the Miftluiti he v.w- '

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<y V\\i\vu% /,r,r/M, .'/'v/y Alc.vMulna /ruA/A /',M/,'n'ftu ,mnr,/MriHt^^ //»<■> /^<f/.'//h- (Imimtnt-

chap. II.

of the 'E A s r Indie

41?

Yff, upon mature Dillbcration en what was fuggcfted
lohiin by the ablcft Seamen ot tholi; Timw, Ptolemy wm
(oiicrincil, that two 'riiings wi-rc wanting, to rentier this
ciiicioiis Port of Ills perfccUy faUsantl cafy ot' Accik ,viz.
1 fort of Mole, which might defend i: from Winds; and
i Watch-tower, that miglit llicw the true Entrance of the
Port at Sea ; and for both thele Incoiiveniencies he found
flTiclual Remedies. Tlw Ifland Pbaius lying three Quar-
ters of a Mile ilift.iiit from the City, ho determined to build
aVVjtchtuwcr thereon, and to run a Caiifcway from the
City to the Illand, wliiJi would fccure the Ships in the
P(^rt from the Fury of the Winds: But his Endeavours,
in this rtfpcrti were ll> often crollld by Wars, and other
Accitlrnts, that it was at the very Clufe of his Reign thefe
tiobL' Ui.ligns were completed -, but then they had this
AJvanugf, that they were abfolutely perfect in their
Kinds i (o tiiat they were cfteemed for many Ages alter,
among the Wonders of the World. _

The Watrh-tower, or Light-houfe, was a large fquare
Building, compofed of fine, white Marble, and the 1 ieight
of one huniired and thirty-five Ecet, on the Top of which
fires were conftantly maintained, for the Uirettion of
Ships upon the Coalt. 'I'he Expence of this Tower
imour.teil to eight hundred /llcxandrian Talents, or up-
winls of three hundreil at'd thirty thouland Pounds of our
Money. The Archit?'t who built it, was Sojlratus of C«/-
ks, who bal'ely endeavoured to ufiirp the Honour of it
with Puftcrity, to hinifelf, by this fraudulent Device : The
Infcription ordered to be let on it, being. King I'tuleiiiy,
iolk Gois tbt Saviours, for the Benefit oj tbofe vjbo pa>s by
Sta; iiAcid of PloUmy's Name, he carefuily ingraved his
own, in thefolid Maible ; and then filling up the IJollow
ot the engraved Letters with Mortar, wrote upon it what
was diredcd : So the !nlc:ription which was firlt rc.id, was
afrnrdinj; .is it wa?; ordered, and truly abferibed the Work
to King Pto'emy, its proper Founder ; but, in FixKcfs of
Tinif, the Mortar being worn oil', the Infcription then
appeared to be thus, Sollratus, the Cnidian, Son of Dcxi-
phanej, to the Gods the Saviours, for the Bettifit of tbofe
ttii ptifs by Sea ; which, being in lafting Letters, deeply
in^ravid into the Marble Stones, laded as long as the
Tower itfelf. This lower has been demolilhed kr Ages
flit*.

As for the Mole, or Caufeway carried through the Sea,
and by winch the Ifland of Pharus was joined to the Con-
tinent, it was called in Greek, the Hepiajiadium, or Road
of ftvcn Stadia, bccaufe that was the length of it. This
ihipendoiis Work, no way inferior to the celebrated
I.ight-houfe, was perlormed by Dexiphanes, the Father of
Ssjkatui, about the fame time that Scflralus finilhed the
Tower 1 and fecms to have been the more difficult Under-
taking ol the two. They, being both very famous Ar-
hit'.-(ft5, were both employed by Ptolemy Soter, in the
Works which he had projtiffed, for the beautifying, adorn-
ing, and llrcngtlunin^ the City oi Alesandria : The Father
bvipg undirtakcn Ufpldfiadium, at the fame time that his
Son did the Tower, t!iey nnilhcd both thefe Works at the
lame Time ; that i% aliuut the I'lme that Ptolemy Sotcr
alH-cut.d his Son Pbiladelphiis. Thole who attribute the
maKiiit', ot the lleptjjliidium to Cleopatra, fidiow Jmmianus
M(ir;(l!i<,us, wliofe Relation concernini; it cannot be true;
lor It coniradiCtb Crfur's Comnient.irles, and many other
Autlmrs, that are Ivtter to Ix: creiiited in this Matter.

Thu«, with infinite Imtiillry and Care, as well as at a
Vift Expfiire, this wile and powerful Monarch fccured to
''liCapuMl two excellent I'orts, that were equally valuable
lor ihtir I'.xt. lit, their Safety, and the Comnioilioulhels of
'icin. Niither is iliis .Account to l)C at all doubted, from
"■'at modern Travellers have laid, as to the DilHcuity and
Vi-"j,n dt the little Port at .llexandna, becaufe, without
giielt;>;n, it i-, Vfiy nnicli altered from what it wa-s, by the
Ruin ot the \\atch-tf)wer, and many other Buildings,
^'■iKM \u\\ Uendeinohnieii, .ind the Materials thrown into
'■'■ 1 and hy the Sludes occafioneil by the Lodging of S;uid
■■nMii.'. m thele Ruins : So that the l''mbaraliiiients and
i'id.iulties, with which it is i.ow attended, aienot lb pro-

perly chargealde on the Port itrelf, as on the Ignorance,
Malice, ar.d La/.inefs, of its pnlint Poircllorsi by which f
mean the Mohammedans in general, who, fiuce it has be^n
in their I lands, have tab'n .is much Pains to ruin and de-
m:difli it, as if the Delfrudlioii ot Inch a noble Work was
likely to raij'e their Fam; as high, as thai of thofe who
treifled it.

5. But Ptolemy, knowing well that neither Government
nor Commerce could ilounfli wlicre Learning was not en-
couraged ; and being ilelirous to e-'cecutc, as far as he wai
able, the f.veral Prujeds formed by his Mafter, in favour
of this fingle City •, he erected, for the Service of the
Sciences, as great, as beautiful, and as expenfive a Build-
ing as that of the Pharus, which rendered the Port of
j^Uxandna at l-all equal, if not fuperior, to any in the
World. This large and elegant Stiuelure, was called tlic
Mtfemn, furnilhed with every thing that could make ic
commwiioiis, or pleafaiit, to thofe who were to dwell in it.
Here he placed the Icirned Men, whom the Fame of his
many Virtues, his Love of learning, and his fine Taftc
in almoft every Branch of it, drew to Alexandria, from all
Parts. The Mufcum (tooii in th.it Part of Alexandria
wliicii was called Bruchium, and very near the Royal Pa-
lace ; where the Philofijphers walked, converfed together,
read their Ledures, and were fplendidly entertained, in all
rcfpeds, at the public Fxpence ^

Here alio, for their particular Convcniency, he founded
that tiimous Library, the Reputation of which will laft, as
long as there arc Books : For the fupplying of this great
Repofitory of Learning, he exerted all his Power, ancl
difpenfcd no fmall Part of his Treafure, feizing every Fo-
reigner's Books, as loon as he came to /Hcxandria ; and,
caufing them to be tranfmitted to the Mufcum, they were
fairly copied by the Scribes, whom he maintained for this
Purpofe, the Original fufely laid up in the Library, and
the Copies returned, with a proper Gratuity, to the Owners
of the Books Befidcs this Libr.iry, there was another,
whieh was called its Daughter, and of which we Ihall pre-
fently have Occafion to fpeak.

At prcfent, we will confine ourfelvcs to this-, and, hav-
ing given the lliflory of its Rife, we will alio fay fome-
what of the Manner, in which it was delt.oyed. 'This un-
lucky Accident happened when Julius C^efar was at Alex-
andria, and carrietl on a War there againlt the Egyptians,
when a Fire that happened in the Royal Qiiarter of that
City, burnt down the bell Part of the Palace, and with it
the Library, and in it four hundred thoufand N'olumes \
which was fuch a Lois to the learned World, as could
hardly be repaired '. The learned Men, who lived in the
Mufeum, were treated with the utmolt Generofiry and
Helped i and had for their Prefidcnr, a Pcrfon equally di-
ftinguilhcd in jxunt of Quality and Literature -, fo that he
might fcem alike worthy of being at the Head of the
King's Council, and the Superior of fuch an AITembly of
Men of Letters. The Dignity and Reputation of this So-
ciety prefervcd it in all Changes and Revolutions of Go-
vernment, as long as a Tafte for Learning remained un-
txtinguilhetl, the Roman Emperors being no lefs careful,
in the Choice of thofe whom they appointed Prefidents ot"
this Mufeum, than the Egyptian Princes themlllves.

6. The lall Branch of Alexander'^ Policy extended to
Religion 1 and this alio Ptolemy took care to corfiply with
in a moll extraordinary Miuiner : He gave out, that he
had a Vtlion, while he was employed in the inlarging and
adorning Alexandria, of a very beautiful young Man in a
llowing Robe, and of divine Afped, who admonilhed
him, it he defired the Safety and Well-being of this City,
about which he took lb much Pains, to caule his Image to
be tranfported from Pontus. At tirll, the King pretended
not to mind this Dream ; but, loon after, the fame young
Man appeared again, but in a much worfe Humour •, io
that Ptolemy found himfelf oblige d to inquire out this new
Deity, who proved to be Serapis that was worlhipped at
Stncpe, whither EmbaflTadors were immediately dilpatchcd
to procure this Image from the King of that Country.
But thiee Veari being Ipcnt in fruitlels Sollicitations, a Fa-

^' ''■■''•', lii.w,,. riin lb. xxxvi, <■ 12. >>Si>ih, I'ii. xyti. Jii,;i^m, l.i. 1. f- Jl J^nlu: iUr.iil. lib x-.ii f iS.

■'"""-•'.'"'■ ■^•:miin. Alam.l. til.!>Mt. t.lC, Dun. C.'j/tHi, iili. iJM.

« Plutarch, in

mine

^!Wl

mWM

1. x

i'j-'M t*

41^ The Difcovcry, Settlement, and Commerce Bookj,

,1 ' u

f^i^t:

It:, ^

. i ■:f>'

•*■■

S-

ii'

ininp, wliich affliafd the Country, came very ^^a^()^al^Iy
to pi'-'urt a happy IVrioJ to their Kcgoti.ition : lor the-
People ol Sinop:, tindinR thrmf. Ivis hard pri-ind by Want,
joincil with the I'.mbilTuiors ot Pioltnry in tluir Intrc.itics,
that Seraph might be exchingal lor a l.iri^c -Supply ot
Corn ; which was at Uft yieldcJ to, anJ the jo much di-
firtil Image tranfiwrted with great Pomp to ./.V.v.wind '.

'I'hen- King Pio.'einy to wt Irome tlie new Guill, railed
for him, in the Suburb RbMotn, a mnft git>riou< Temple,
rtil«d Snaptum, allowed to h.ive furpafled all theStrudures
of its kind, except the Capitol at Rome. It is very cafy
.to difcern from the Ciaumftances of this Story, and tlie
Anfwcr given by the Oracle of Aptllo at Delphi!, when
consulted on this F.xpedition [riz. That there were two
Statues at Sinope, one of Serapis, the other of Proferpina -,
and that they ftiould \x careful to bring only the tormer) \
that the Whole was no more than a jiolitical C ontrivancc
to anfwer various Purjxjfes. In the firft place, it filleil
the Minds of the People of .lUxaniria with enthufiaftic
Confidence, as if a new (Jod, from the mod diftant
Part of the World, was come to take Charge of them.
Next, by the Novelty of the Thing, it drew Numbers
of fuperllitious People to worlhip him. Ami, laftly,
it highly r.iiled the Reputation of Ptokmy hinilelf, who
ap|vared an extraorilinaiy Favourite with tlw Gods, from
this furprifiiig Inftance of the Condefctnfion of Serapis.
Thus we difcover, by a due Attention to thclc little Cir-
ciimnanres, the preateft political Art in this leeniing funer-
ftitious Weakr.els ^f this Prince, an Art which ferved him
Iq much the more efTeftually, for its being fo Ihidioudy
covered, and which he fecms to have derived from his
Mafter, who was very feldoin luperlUtitious, but to fervc
a Turn. It was in this Serapeum that the lefTer Library
wa<i ereAed i in which, after that, near the Mujeum, was
full, fueli other Books as came to haml, were, from time
to time, rtpofited : This then is the Library of which
Liter Autht^rs r;<ak ; and, for the Number of its Kuoks
became, at lall, more confiderable than the firft Library :
1 he End of this moft noble Collraion was as unhappy,
and much more to be lamented, th.in the former ; becaulc
it was not burnt by Accklent, but by Dcfign.

For at the Time the Saracens Ix-eame Maflcn of Jtex-
C't'iia, which was in the Year 642, Johiinres CramiiMticus,
the famous .'Irifto'.ilian Philofopher, aililrefTcd himfelf to
.■Imriu kbnci /Is, who comman'.eJ the Sararen Army ; and
deliicd, tiiat he would fpare the Library for his lake, and
hellow it U[)on him, for the Improvement of the Sciences :
The Genera! anfwi red. That he would readily do it, if it dc-

K ended upon him •, but that it was too imjKirtant an Aflair to
c decided by any but the Caliph, who was, at tlut time,
Omar, to whom it was accordingly made known : And
tlie Anfwer he gave was this •, That, if thel'c Books were
in tluir Contents agreeable to the Kioran, there was no
reed of them ; and, if on the contrary, they contained
Things repugnant to that Book, they ought not to be
t rcftivfd -. By uhich judicious Sentence the noblefl Col-
ItdicT that ever the World faw, in all Sciences and I-an-
gii.;g-.s, was diftined to the L?fs of the Bagnios, which
were hiatcd witn them for fix Months '.

Such was the F.nd of the fccond L,ibr.iry of .Alexandria;
and the fame barbarous Power, I mean, that of the Moham-
nedens, has almoft buried in Ruins the very City itfrll:
Moft of the Palaces are intirely drftroyed i the Walls
themlclve-) have not efcapcd •, but fome of the Toweis,
whith were built ^ikc Ballions, have, even to this Day,
baffled the Fury of thefe Knemics to all 1 arte and Polite-
refs : And thefe Towers, all built with Marble, and in
each of whieh there are many Apartments finely Lid out,
ferve as WitnelTes to the Truth of tlu.ft VatU, which,
with refpifl to the Magnificence of this City, are recorded
by the bed Autii<jn> of Aniujuity '.

7. Yet one Particular there is, lelating to this once (>Iorious
Place, the Truth of which, jx-rlwps, no hiftorieal Lvi-
ilencc could have eftablifhed j and which, for their own
C'oiiveniency, tJie Turks h.ive hit intiic to teltify f ,r itfclt.
The antient C;ty of Jlexandrta, like moft of tlie Cities of

• Tmcil IllJItr.lH' iv t i\. r!,lar,Ui J, Ifii, U djini, . Cl-mr
Ja. itij. ' Ut./ntjtft/ijl. Ui.v. f Iij7 t'jy

h;;ypt, was dcftinitc of fielh Water; Mil, lying « all'
fiance from tlie A'./.', .1 Canal was dug hi.tn tlinlcr ij'

eighteen Leagu.s in lA-ng:h, to lupply it; b^ ^. j,

no'jgli

Ihiwl
the City under-ground w.ls more cu.n.ii:, axi perliju*''

Waten of that Riv;r rofe but once a Vear,'h|ahcn,„mt

iC Wll,Jc

fulhiwl

to fill that (.anal to any conlideralile Dipth, the wh j
City of Alexandr:.! w.is vau'ted, and tliofc V\,ui» fuiUrili
by Rowi of Pillars of the lineft Marble ; fo ||,jt
the City underground w,
cxpenfivc, as tlia' ibove '

Some of thus Va 'ing v/as walled up fo elofeiy « ,0 {„.,.
for a Ciftern, Part of which came under every Home,
and, at the 'Time of Year when the Calis. for |b tlicCinjl
fioin the Nile was called, was fud to the Top ot itsBinb
the Fleail was broken down, and a furticicnt Oujiiityof
Water let into the Ciftern to fupply the City, till the R;
ver overflowed again: And by this lingiilur Contrivance!
cither of Mexander or his Arcbitee't DiMoibm-a, the Cityn
general, and every 1 loufe in p.irticular, was fupplicl li^
trclh Water, without the Trouble of going to letch it on
of l^xjrs. This Ciftern the lurks, for their own Uft
have prefervril ■, and the I'lace is now furnilhed with Wj!
tcr by the fame means. It is farther laid, that tlKr;m
abundance of fine Streets, and many curu,. s Bii.„lir,a,
flili prcfcrved in this fubtcrraiirous City -, hut the JuirjiV
ot the Turks is fo great, that they very llkkmi p-rJt
Chriftians to vifit theni ' : Such were tli.- Wcn.ltrs ol
this Capital of the Greek F.mpire in Eg\pt, ami ikh tl:;
Cate of Ptelemy, to complete therein tiie great Uefi-niui
Its T'ounder.

Let us now irtum to tlie proper BiiGncr'. of this Sc-
ftion ; and, alter fo copious a Ddcription ot the Staple if
the Indian Traele, (hew how it was brought tlmher. T.iic
Reader is fulfitiently acquainted with the Mcthoti by
which the antient Egyptians carried on their 1 railc to tt
tall: It is, therefore, fulfidcnt to fay, tlut/'/j.V)CTi«,vr,
i. e. thf Saviour, rcltored tlut 'I'ratle -, from which, du-
ring the whole Contmu.incc (j| the Perjw^ I'.mpirc, thj
Egyptians hoil been debarred -, and by thisnleah^, butno.c
cl|)ccially by their Trade to Arahia, liis Su.jeits, even 1
his Time, and belorc the vaft Impiovcincms m.idc byr.j
Succcflois, of which we fliall give a dilliiKft .Acci^ct,
became immenfely rich. Of this we have a iii.d extrjor-
liinary Inftance in tlic Procellion made .it ihe Coronation
of jus Son Ptolemy Pbiladelphus, whom he allociatedia
the tiovcrnment two Years before his Death, as wc £^1
It pixfervcd in /tthen^eiu ', but the Stoiy is much too h%
to iiifcrt here.

Yet Ptolemy Soter, in the midft of his Power, and ia
the midft of this Affluence of his Suljjeds, prelervwl an
honourable Poverty ; and was piofufc in nothing but imb-
lie Ornaments, and in fuch F.xi)enccs as turned to the Be-
nefit of his I'eople, with whom he often eat, anJ trvin
whom, when he gave public Entertainments, hewaswoai
to borrow Ciold Plate for the Service of the Day. T.'^^is
great, this excellent Monarch, the moft fortiiratc ot il
Alexander'^ Capuins, and whofe Virtues were (hll nic-e
refplendent than his Fortune, died in Pe.ice, am! covc:.-d
with Glory, at tfic Age ot Fighty-four, and at't.r a Rri;,:!
of forty Years •, leaving an Example of PruJ.enee, Ji.lli-f.
and Clemency, behind him, whith none ui his ijueccilbn
inclinci! to follow.

8. Ptolemy PhiLdelplus, the Son of Pto'.em Sottr, cam:
to the intirePolTeHion of the hi^yptian Monard-.y, tu wlmii
his Father had annexed Phcenicia, deli} Qn.t, Ari"S,
l.il/ya, Ethiopia, the Ifland ul Cyprus, Famply!i.i, C'.'.a,
lyi ia, Carid, and the Cyclades, in the Year belorc Q'jr<)
28^ I le received the .Surname of PbiLidtlplu!, or Lover
of Jus Brctliren, by way of Irony, and becaufe he was, ;ii
reality, very unkind to them, and is even faul to have put
two to Death. This giving Nick-names to their I'tinW,
was a JjlKTty always taken by the E^ptians, an J bilim
far ul'ef'ul to Hitlory, inafmuch, as it general'- id us
into the true CharacUr of the Man in a Woru. Tl.c
Realon of his Unkindiiefs to his Brethren was bcca*
he luppl.uited them -, for he was the Son of Pmlmy Sti^r,
by Berenue, who came into Egypt as the favounte Attein--

»i Al.xMjrinK, m Prttrtfii., " Ai.u!fl>ar.,fh, Hill'- '■'";*■

r*^f Ja Pant J.k'*i, >■'«'. i. f l<)). I'.'iJj^o ill 'im\<r,t \ 'cw a M'' '

ant

Chap. 11.

of the East I n d I e 9*

417

tntmFiin/iice, the niughter of Aitipattu and tlw Wife
01 Ptihtny Soler^ wlio liacl a Son by her, called Plolmy
CtrAUwi i- f • 'he TiiuncicrtT, who retired Into voluntary
litnilhnient on his Father's an'ociatiDg his younger Brotlar
ill the (iovcrnmcnt *.

Plelemi PhilaJelphus, foon after hij Fariier s Deccafe,
ffrouleiilm Sifter .^>/«, according to the tuftom of the
I'typiian M('P;:rihJ ; and, having a higli Spirit, proiligioiis
I'arrs, ami infinite Appliuition, thoiit;h of an inlirm Boily
ind t'niicr Conl^itiition, he governed his Dominions with
prc.it Rrpiitation, proceeding intirely on his Father's Plans,
xi his F.itli r had done on thofe of Alexander. He cn-
ilcarcii iiiml' II txcecdmgly to his People-, by the Modc-
ratmii ol liis doviirnmcnt, by his Love of Peace, ami by
his l<f.i.liiv.li til uiulertake whatever might be for their
Ailvantiigc; wliicli induced him to keep up all his Father's
InlliaitiDiis iin.i to be particularly careful al)out the Main-
Ifiunci of a maritime Force, and fecuring ami extending
the I'ridi- ot t'iypl- His Reign was not wholly without
Trniihies i tor Aliigns, whom he had appointed Governor
{,\ C r,-it( iml Liha, revolted from him, and iLizcd thole
Countnis. Tills ;V/</!,'(Ji was, in tad, his elder Brother •,
for he was his Mother's Sim, by Philip a Macedonian
Cji'iuin, to whom Ihe was married l-efoic King Ptolemy
Kxik hit. Mafias was not fatistied with bartly hizing the
Fmvincts that were committed to his Trull, but adually
ir,v,i(lcd hfypt', ami ihewed a Itrong Inclination to have
(icihroni-il Ins Mailer ".

B'jt Ptobn PHLidelphus was not a Prince fo e.ifily
driven from iiis Dominions, as he imagined, but, on the
contrary, (hrwed, on tiiis Occafion, as much Prudence and
n.ilitiry Skill as was pollible ; and, in all pro'^at)ility, had
mW the Ktbellion in the Beginning, if, in hw March
131111 .V/.!^a.', he had not difcovcred a |)iiv.ite Confpir.icy
inhii Army, which obliged liim to retire back into ti,ypt,
vihcn lie h.id t!ie Rebel almolt at his Meicy. 'This L'on-
1; irjcy was hatched among the Cauls, ot whom about four
tiioufand Iciveil as Mercenaries in his Army, who defigned
to hive made themlllves Mailers of ligypt. Ptolemy
drove tholl- I'raytors into an I Hand in the Nile, wheie he
k'pt them fo clofe bkKked up, that moll of them were
ftjrve't, ami the rtll cut each other's 'Tiiroats, that they
niigiit k the fooner .uit of their Miliary. But, after this,
the Times gr^w more peaceable ; and, that they might
Le \<> at home, Ptolemy thought fit to inevent the Syrians,
»iio were meditating an Invafion on his Dominions, by
aufinp tieijiient Delcciitsto be made upon theirs; which, at
kill, kept tlic War at a Dillance, and ferved alio to employ
ludi r Itlefs Spirits as might have bred Commotions in a
Time of piotuund IVace'.

q. Hut this War liid not take up the Attention of Pta-
Itri I'bHadelpbtis to fuch a Degree, as that he was not able
to pu.fiie the Deligns, to which his Inclinations led him.
On the contrary, tie bufied himfelf, during his whole
Kiign, in imprc.ving the Library which his Father had
I'll; in culkcting Statues, and other Curiolities, through-
cut nl dnece ; and in adorning the City of Alexandria with
nury itately ijuildings. But that which he let his Heart
moll ii|«jn was, what is the proper Subjed of our Inquiry,
'.'■:. the I'.llabliflinient of the Trade to the Plajl Indies in
'jch a n„inner, as that it might never in fuiceeiling 'Times
i:" tip.ir.ited tn.ni his City ot Alexandria. In this Delign
liv beiiavcd with li) great Prudence and Difcretion, that it
i 1)1 only drew tliitiu r. during his own T.ite-time, a much
griiter M.ii, of 'Trealiire than any other King h.id enjoyed
lor m.:ny Ages; but, hkewife, laid his Scheme fo deep,
a:iiexf(iit:ii it with fuch Judgment and Prec;iution, that
til. Ww; iradc remaiiRj," as he defigned, fixed to Alex-

f':.:r

'^tnt (,t hj^ypt tor u; wards of one thoufand feve
y-'t^; ami tlieirhy made it, during that Space,

ni/twithliaiuliiig all the Revolutions in theCovcrn-

^'en hundrid

, - .., p .Space, the richell

U,;i:try in the Work!, notwithllanding the OpprefTioiis to
^■■n It was luhjcct liuiing that Space ot 'Time \

ieamiot help remarking here what, for any thing 1 know,
MS rot been remarked Ix'tore, that this is a convincing
1 r«'t ut the Til "

ruth of the 'Jewi/h Hlllory ; tor, as Solo-

■ "I- U. xvi, r. '

.Ifl'uin. IK Syi tiidt. Vtniiitrtias in Atluit.
jtijiin. Alltnatm. Sliatj. i'iin. /Iljian.

mon, who firft gained that fi'ade to Kis C*ountfy, ^as bcs
yond comparifon the rlcheft Monarch th.at ever reigned iit
it i fo was Ptolemy Philadelphtis the moft wealthy of all the
P.gyptian Princes, as we obferved before, and as we flialj
hereafter prove at large \ and, as the /fiJian Tradcj while
the 'jftu-S prcferved it, enabled tliem in a very fliort S\).u:6
of 'Time, to overcome all their I .ofTes \ lb the l;mie 'Trade
kept the Kingdom of Egypt full of (iokl and Silver, in
fpite of all the Methoils taken to drain it ; and this to fucli
a Degree, as to countenance the Opinion ot the Ph.ili)|()j)hcri
Stone being no Secret to its Inhabitants, btcaufe, without
the Art of tranlhiuting other Metals to Ciold, it was thought
impoinble to account for the iminenfe Qimntitici of tii.it
Metal, which, from time to time, were drawn out of that
Country, though it had ftarce any Mines difcovtred
in ir.

• But their Thilofophers Stone was, in reality, nothing-
more, than the Monopoly of this 'Trade, which, as I have
(aid, they, tor fo many C'enturies, enjoyed, and which was
abundantly I'ufficient to account for thai cxtraonlin.iry Opu-
lence, winch lu .dlonilhed former Ages, and i^ in Dangi r
of ajipearing taijulous in ours ; This m.ikes it extremely
ncceiiiiry lo give a full, as well as dilliiict Account of the
Methods taken by Ptolemy Pbilcdelpbns, lor brin;.vng ab- ut
fo great a Dcri;j,n, which had liiih extraordinary Confe-
t^uences, and wl'.ich lailed lb much longer, thiin any other
iMUilililliinent of the fame Sort, that ever was made, be-
fore, </r fince. It was to render this more ck ar and Intel*
ligiiile, that I entered into fo large a Defciiption of the an-
tient /ilexandria ; as for the fame Reafon I dwelt lb long
upon the Projeds of Alexander the Great, from which this
was deriveil, and which, there is great Realbn to believe,
had been meditated by Ptcleny Sotcr, though he did not live
to execute it •, and, from the Account we have given of
the Reign of that Prince, the intelligent Reader may pcr-
cieve, how polTible it might have been for Alexander to
have brought all, or, at leall, the greatelt Part, of his
vail Deligns to bear, if he had lived to the Age of Plo-
kniy Scter ; tince he contrived them fo rnuch earlier in his
Life, and was poflefled of fo much greater Power, to have
enaMid him to carry them into Kxecution.

Ptolemy Philadclpbus, having confulered the DifTicultics
th.it attended the Commerce of his Subjeds in Arabia and
India, for want of proper Ports in the Arabian Gulplij
rellj'ved tirll to remove that Dilliculty ; which was the eafier
lor him to do, bccaufe he was abf tely Mailer of ail the
Well Coafts, almoll to the v ^ Mouth of the Gulph.
But inaimuch as F.xpeiicnce nael tausiht the Sea-faring
People, that the upj^r Part of the Gulph was extremely
dangerous, as well by reaton ot the uncertain Wimis, as
becaule the Coalls were (hallow and rocky, he therefore
cliolc to place the new City, which he ereded, and to which
he gave h s Mother's Name of Berenice, much nearer the
Mouth ot the Gulph, and on the Side of an Illhmus,
or Promontorv, which (hoots there into the Red Sea,
'I'his was a very fine City ; but they are milled, who
have taken it for a commodious Se.a-port. It was defigned
for an Emporium, or Staple for/«(^M»Comm(xlities-, and the
Reafon ot building it there was, bec.iufe the Country round
about it afforded VVater ; but the Port was diilant one thoiif ind
eight hundreil Stadia, anel was called Atyos Hcrmtis, that
is, the Port, or Station of the Aloufe ; but it w.as alterwards
called, the Port of Paws: And it was from hence that the
Traiie was carried on to Arabia and the Indies. Ptolemy
alio diredled various Towns to be built between Berenice
anil Coptos upon the Nile, which was diflant from it about
two hundred and lixty Miles. The Merchrnts therefore
conveyed their (ioods, firll of all, from Myos Ilormus to
Heremce, (thtuigh that was back again) probably by the
1 ielp of llat-bottomed Vetllls ; whence the Opinion giew,
i\\M. Berenice was the Sea-port ; to the contrary of which I am
letl, trom the not finding the Stages Iwtwet ii Myos IJcrmus
And Berenice, whereas we have two Routes Hill prderved
trom Berenice to Copros ; which fluw, that the former was
the Place to which tlielt- Goods were tianfported imuK-
diately from Alycs Ikrmusy and that frcin thence they

Die^tnn ! nt>tiu< in Demtlilo F>'alerr». ^ Pau/anini in Alli:^>.

' iuiJai, initrh tliimcia. Orofiui, lib. vil. <. i6. Syiijus,

1
m

ISip

ilSi'f

.'Jim

'I'M

■ L. .M B,

were

Mi'mm^

! ! t ;

"ii ;
"I ^

lit

1 ,( 1

'f*:

J i8 /^t' Difcovcry, Settlement, ^mi Commerce Book I.

1 ,

11 - '

■ '5

were convcytil to ilu- jV;>, as it was tound for tlieConve-
liimcy ot' tluir Owners.

' lliis was all ilone by I And CarruRP, tliar is on Uk
Raiks ».t' Caini'ls the Journey being iiivulid n to eleven
.Stages, none ot wlueli exeecd twenty Icvm Miles. At
Coflos the Meuliants lud other MagJUines, in whiih tiicir
(ii)ods were laivt up, liil they tliought Ht to luid tlit ni down
tlie Nile, direi'lly to .iUsaiuina. But thcC'ouniry Ixtwcen
Loptos and Boinut W\n^ an abfolutc UelVrt, not only
witliovit Villages, or lloules, but even without W.itrr,
risUmy caufed a Lanal to be cut diredly U tween the two
Cities, on each Side 1)1 which there were Villages, ami in
u.l ot tlKiii Inns tor the I'.ntertaiiiniciit iA ralUi^ers i
I'o tiut liiini a \Mld, uncultivated Country, as it had K-en
for many A^es betcre, he reiuicrcd iipradiiah'e, at leal^
it not plialar.t •, and thus a new, late, and euirnicxlious
Route was opened to the huiu:', by the Care and Indullry
ot this wile I'mne. But as the .htwum Seas were always
luljict to hiates, and as this lith I'ladc w.is \ery likely
to tempt them to dilUirl) it, he tookiaie t<> have a mari-
time lorcf in the Rtd Sea, always capable ot piotect-
ing it.

riie more wc confider the Methcxi he t>:<<k fa .icom-
plilli h's l)ifi;;n, t!ie greater Opinion we mull neullariiy
liave of tins Moiiare h's Capacity ; A rniue ot lilM'ukience,
or let's Ciieuml'jxciion, would, unduubt.diy, li.i\ .• plaied
the I'ort iiightr up in th^ tlulph, and n<aier to the A'.7^ •,
but Plolftiiy knowing, that u was in his I'uwer to nmcy
any Iixoiivmieixe that miglit occur in the Land Carriage,
at thj lame tim.-, that it was out of tiie Iva h of hum en
Skill, to lievae any Means for kcuring Snips from the
1 la^ariib to wliith they im.ft be expelcd, by lailinij along
a dull full ol Kocks and Shelves, he, witii nuieh Sa-
gacity, clioie a i'oit at lo great a Uifiance, beiaule it was
capacious, fate, and cor.vciiient ; and appointed the City
t)t Btnusif tor the Magazne ot the Meicnants, that there
might never l>c any great Quantity ol dooiis a.s Mycs Ihr-
vi:is, to tempt the IiiiUbiUi.ts ol ih- .uijaveiit Countrirs to
endeavoiir turpi iliiig them, cither by l..ind or Sea. It is
certain, that a lliortcr Roaii might have iern tound to the
Nii'f, if the I.t.ngtii of tiut lud I'.ot lud its Adv.mt.ige.

'■ All the Coui.tiy between Cojtcs and Ikrettut was, by
this means jxoplc-el, that had lain watle I etcrc : And if
is very ea:y to dileern, tlat the tultivating a Defrrt is as
much an A-iiuilition ot Coui-.try, as tiie Lrmiuell of a
Tra(ft ot 'I'er.tory ol the ijiwx li-xtvnt. By this means he
alto aiignKnicd the Numlxrot his Subjects, who were to
find their Account in this 'l'ra<lc •, and, by pmpling tii--
■J-'rontiers ot his Dominions, he ehcctually t'.cuicd them
hoin die Infuits ut the lurlun-us N.itions \\\ th.it Neii^h-
bourhood V and lixul this l'r.u'c .ntirily to his own Sub-
jects, without w.hulc Help .ind Allitlani.e it could not Ix;
carrwi on. 1 lu l.irne Ktaions diierniimd lii:n to tix t!ie
Mart ot y«i;'/(»^ t omnKxiitiis at Jie\andna, ratner tlun at
the I'orts he hail on cither Mouth ot the A';j>, though th':
I'allage thither would have liecn Ihortcr, and, in all Ap-
pearance more (o.-ivenient. But lie very puuleiitly fore-
law, that what, vtr l-.xpemes tell upon this Merchandi/.e,
from the length of its Carnage, mult be paid by luch
lorcigntis as puiclufii liiJ.an (.'too<.h u .-HfXMiJna, and
thcretore mull be to much elearCiains to all fueii ot his Sub-
jcdts, who Wire concerned, in ai.y manner whatever, in
this Commerce.

Bcfidis tlierc was no I'ort in his KiiigduiM that docul
l"o convuiirnt tor the Trade ot the Mtd:icrrantan, as
this ot .-Hexandrut ; and a> for the Trade o! tlic E.ill, while
he was lure, that it could not be taken trom him, or broken
in upon by oiiicrs, there was no Danger oi its being at all
hurt by the J xngth of the I'allage. .'XJd to this, the great
Advantage that retulted trom havir.g all the rich Commo-
dities of the VAX expoled to the View of the Merdunts,
w!io came 1 1 yHix.indna on other Accounts, from the
\\'ci\i tiiice, by this me.Vis, thole Commodities were not
only exported, liiit the 1 am- and Reputation of them
f|vread, even to the moll dill.uit I'arts of Europe, and
thereby Irelli Cuilomcr'. biougliC trom all Ciyartcrs.

And, as he thus projerttxl to draw all the TraJcol il,.
l-jft and Well into liw kingdom, lb he providd a v
great Fleet tor the proteaing ot it, Rut of wludi lie U
in the Ked .S'w, and I'art in the Medittrranean. ihn ,
the Mf.liicn.inetin alone w.is very gnat -, and lomcoi t',t
Ships ot it ol a very unutiial Bigncis i tor he had in it uq
Ships of thirty Oars ot a Side, oi e ot twenty Oars, f.urii
fourteen, two of twelve, fourteen otelivcn, tliiny oi hm
thirty feven ot ti-ven, five ot lix, leventeen ot live ; ami ^
four Oars, and tlin c Oars of a Sule, lie had double the
Number of all thcle alrudy mmtioned •, and he had over
and above, of the lin.ilKr Sort of Velllls, a v.dl Nuin'tr •
And by the Strength of tins Meet, he not cnly iiiamta;r.«
and aiUanced the Trade of his Country, but alia kept nioi
of the Maritime Provinces ol lejjer ./la, that i>. Ohm
J'amphMi, and Carta, and alio the CviWo, m thotoiLh
Siibjeclion to him, as long as he lived.

II. All the latter I'att ol the Reign of f/j/wv /)/...,,.
lUlpbus was a Siene of Joy aiul 'IViuinph. ;W,;/).t, w^o
lud torn I rem hiiii the i'roviiues ol Cyme ar.d /j,«
gre.w;rg v\k\ and intirm, lilhnid to the'lMatts of ,\a!
tore, alter having lo long followed the Sentiments el .\ni.
Intion V and wlicii he drew ne.ir his f'.nd, bcqucjthilhj
only Daughter lUrenue to the Son and .SucLdrur tl
J'lc.'emy, and with lier his Kingdom. 1 lis War with, ».
liochtis ended much to his 1 lonour \ that is tu Ly, ini
I'e.ice ui^on his own Tanis, whiih he made fo much ij-.i:
more moderate, as he had the I'ower of nuking them
othcrwife. On the ronthuling this War, he f^avc h.>
Daughter Bireni.e in Marriag.- to Jmisibus -, and out oi
AlTtctioii tor her, comnuivled the Me. t in I'tnim, m
carried her to ii(Uuc:ii, on the Orcntes; and, which was i
Mark, jx-rhaps, (.f 1 uxuiy, as well as 'I'en.lernels jiect-
deied Vellils to W lb ii.itioned, as that the might rccii-
larly receive, in Syria, the Water of the AV/i', and r.o; tx
obligeil to drink any other •*.

i'liiladelpius had not, jxrh.ips, the military Viinics;
and, having been Lxjrn in E^ft, wanted I'omewhat o! r,:i
Father's ScMiiiy of Morals; but, in otiur rd'ncts, ft:
was at fince, the wiltfl, the moft {X)wertul, and the mo;l
amiilleof I'niices. lie w.is, with all this, a Politician oi
the full Older-, he defpilird Cunning, antl hated .Artimc:
1 le was his own I'lime Minitler, and laid that virt;;j,a
I'l.in ot F.mpne, wiiith ellablilhed luch a Foree, asreliiie:,
tor many Ages, the Follies ami \'ices of his Succcfe
I liij |)i;miiii()ns were very extenlivei and it does notj;-
|>car, that he li.id any I'hirtt of inlarging ilu-m, attlicls-
pei.ce ot his Ncighlxjurs. On the contrary, tlutirll.Mii.iii
of his I'olitics was the aci|uiriiig Subjects r.ithcr i.'a.i
I'aiifory , and he aeiiim>d them t)y the plain aiul l';m,;:
M(t!.oil, ot Undying thur Cjood. 1 le enciainii^eJ I."-
diitliy, and created it: lie employed his vail I'uw.n.i
making his own IVople luppy, and not in Ulxliang u.'.cr
Nations : I le mar» lied an Aimy, indeed, to the lTc)ii!:.tJ
o\ 1 ihicfiii, not to iiukh with a View ot coiiquei:":; "t
Ixiriarous .Nations that inielled Jiis Frontiers, as to ovi-
li/r tliim ; and It was this .Army he employed, in oihtt.j
that tamous (..inal we have l)ctore mentioned, trom (/;;<•;
ui lierenue ' . Other bxp ditioiis he milled to hi' bi;;!:-
rais, luit this he eoruhKted in I'erlon, and directed t.'C
building all the 'lowns in the Neighbourho^xloi ihciS.'-
.Sea.

I le cultivated, with the utmoft .'XITiduity, a'l the Ato
of I'e.ice I he inlargtd t!ic famous l.il'iary ui li:b laLicn
continued, and increafed the I'enlions given by him. W
learned NUn, with wlioin lie convi tIclI timili.uiv, *"■•
heard the Advice they gave him, tlio' delivered wiiiit.w
utmoll Freetlom. It was by this means, tint he ijr^*'
Men of dillinguilhcd I'arts trom all Countries ■, anu ic-
(piired tlich extr.iordinary Accounts of th.e Comnv.r:*,
Learning, Arts, and Manufactures of ioreigti Natwr.^j .is
emibled him to improve every thing in /.., .•//' b;y-"-'
his I'r 'decenors. 1 le was indelatigable, m his A;:^-''
tion to the .Affairs of Cluvernment, a:id to his .Stutlies •• ^

lie kept up alio his Father's Cuiloin, m cuii-'tr.-V
kindly with all Ranks of I'eople ; and thereby fccure^ t-

• Sirah, li!>. .ivil f. S
' T^rMniiii in I, 1.11} XV I
Strain, l:b. .xm,

;. Pi:!.my^hze\ litreniif, in hiiTablci, in
J/>fiaiiui IH ."r^/iilisnr. jllhtn. Iii. V f

the Latiiutlc ol' i } Dfg ^o Mm
iO}. ' i'ul, rnui iilriilu^il

I'i'ih U'j xmv 1 . 1 :.

" Plin.llJI.!^'" '-f"'

,'ii. VIII ( 59

uravii

chap. n.

of the T\k^T Indies.

«'U'

uiuvtrf.il AiTfif^ion of his Sub;ofli. 1 lis Sidrr /1>JiHct^
fthoni hf marrtnl, tho* older than liiinfcif, w.is cxtrt'in. ly
licir to him, inroiiiii'.h tlut her Dcatli p;ricv(.vl him tii lii. |i
a PcjTrcf, as to (Kcalion his own. It miy not lu ainils to
(ibKivc, that, among the iLariictl Men he hail ahmit liiin,
tliire was one Dinocratts, a tamous Architect, who, to
nuke liii Ccurt to the King, propoliil the buikiiMR ,i
rinipli: to .irftMe, tiie Dome ot" which was to he loniiuikil
" j(]ifil I .oaJllones -, by which it was projrled, that the
,',,L.ot',/r/fi;»f,madeofluiniilh'ili>t.el, lh()uii.lli<'lull,iiiuili
a:nl inmi hence all the Notions ol this Sort, that have Ix en
liublilluil to the World, are derived. Hut tho' tlii'. 'IVniple
was Ivpim imJcr the UireiSlion ot' Dinocratts, yet it was
niViT cuniplitcd •, tor both the Kiiiy anil the Architect
i;k\!, Ivti-ie it Wius railed to any conlidirahle \ l'.i(',ht ',

lliis Monarch left bthind him m.my Ihinini', MaiUs of
his Wikioni and Policy, and arncngll tlule i, veral n'W
C'.tiis but exadly on /ILwjnd.rs I'lan •, that is to lay, not
Iroin the V'anity of being a Founder, but becauir he ilif-
cjnui the Ull-hilnefs of fuch Cities, in the I'laces wher.' he
built thtni : As for Inftance, having confidcred the Situa-
t;uii lit iVitfiine, and how much the I'ladc ot that Country
ir.rht be improved, by the Conllrudlion of a proper I'oit
iin'm itb Coall, he direded a commodious Siiu.aion to be
luiditoiit; ami in the Country ot.7<v, at no p,ie,it Dulance
Iruiii 7vrf, he built a hcw City, adorned with .1 line I la-
vm, wiiich, after his own Name, he called t'lolemais \
wiiicli rem.iined, for many Apes after, the molt famous
Fort on that Coalt. 1 Ic hkcwilt; built, or rather rebuilt, a
litv on the E.1II Side of the Country ot Palijline \ whu h
City is otten mentioneil in the Sacred \Vritiiip,s by tlie
Niinc of Rabab of the Children of Jminuit ; but he
f.ilid it, from his .Surname, Pbiladelpbin. I have men-
tioned thele Inftances, bccaufe they h.ive fome relation to
mv SiihjeiJf i and there is very great Reafon to believe, th.it

t:ity

were founded with a'Vicw to the /«^;<;« Commerce

This may, at firft Sight, teem very extraonlinary ; but
I aiitr myfelf, that when 1 have expiaineil the Ke.ifons
tlut have ltd me to this Notion, the Reader will not judp,r
t.'iuii improbable. In the firll Place, let it be remembered,
thit the Whole of this Commerce had been carried on, till
ihoDiilruftion of '/)•« by Mexander the Gre.ir, from the
Wrn^A Rbmocorura, which lay on the fatne Coaft, to the
Suuihwcft of PtuUmais. After the Ruin of lyre, thi'i
Tude was revived by l^nd } and Caravans pals'd direct ly
Iriim the Perfian Gulph, to the City of Tuilmor, or /'()-
/v./vai m the Dtfcrr, of which we Ihall fpeak hertatttr,
Now the Journ.y would have been fliorter and cafier, by
much, from the Arabian Gulph to Philadelphia \ to which
P:i!:mis would have lerved for a convenient Port, the
vhuic l.enpth of the Land-carriage, from the .iral'uin
(n: ph to I'hiladdpbia, not exceeding lix hundreil St.uli.i ;
and ihe Diilance between Philadelphta and Plolemaii, not
King halt to much ; whereas, trom the nearelt Part of the
"■;;';.;« tniljih, it was thirteen hundred Stiulia to Palimra,
aii'.iiix luimired mure from Puliityrit, to theSca-coall. We
n.ightbe, in a ni.mner, char as to this Point, if we coulii
If urtaiii, that Plolniiy really rebuilt the antient Port of
!-!ri:-^t!iir, on the Red Sea, and called it Perenice, from
I Name of his Mother, as fome Writers fay he did " ;
h it, 1 nuift confefs, th .y leem to be miftakcn, and to
ii'.iiiiilie .'irtavV; iKlore del'cribcd, on the other ."^ide of
'n:(.iulphi and thcretore I lay no Strels upon this Ar-
S:;.:i;i;iit.

It R'ln.iins tlut we fay fomcthing, as was- bifore pro-
ii'il-d, (if tile Grandeur ami Wealth of this Monanh,
^■■I.uieCiviland Military l-Hablithments have been pu lerv .d
''HIS, for the very lame Reafon that 1 mfert them lieie,
iHaiik- ihry appeared worthy of being tranlioittrd to
' 'iTity. .ind ot being remembered for ever. I le mam-
i'"-d couitantly an Army of three hundred thouland
1 "lit, twenty thoulimd 1 lorfe, two thoufaiid armed Cha-
' ' . ii'iii t!ii\e luiiidred b'.lephants, belides Arms in his
fti.igaiircs tor tlirL'e humlred thoulanil more. 1 lis Meits,
tJ.;.ntor,ctlKr, conlilkd of fifteen hundred Ships ot W.ii,
-•■' at!iuul.ind I'ranfports lielonging to them. 1 lis aniui.d

Ri-vrnticy wcir fourtpen thoufand eiglit hundred Ta-
hiits I which makes, accordini'; to tkr lowelt Computuion
ol A'i;v/«//,/»»'I'nlciits, two million tight hundreil and thne
thouland lix liuiidnd Poiimls : ,\n I he is f.iid to h.ave Itfc
m his Trcaliiry li'Ven hundred and forty tlioufair.l 'I'.ilents,
which amounts to u prodigious Sum, not kfs than one
humlred and ninety Millions of our Money, which mufl
have iicciucti to him front the Trade of the Indies , . great
I'.irt of which ini:',ht probably be c.irricd on, at kail du-
lin^; his Rei|.»n, lor the Advant.ige of the Crown \ (incc,
bilides the bilorc im ntioned Revenue in Money, he re-
ceived a (tirat (^i.mtity of Corn, ami other Commoditits,
Irom his Subjects, in order to m.ike their I'axes the more
ealy, I If died in the fixty-third Year of his Age, and
in the thirty-iiylith of his Reign, in the Year before Chrift

I i, lip was furcpvded in his Throne, by his Son Plo-
lemy hnri-rtrs, who found himlirlf immediately engaged in
ii War with Soia, where his Sitler, and her Son, had
Ui n b,dvly muidtred : In this War he was fo fuccefsful,
that Iv led his .Army to the Banks of the River 33,fn'j i
plundiie I all the Treafurcs of the Syrian Kings-, and re-
covi nd, aiuoMgll other valuable EfFeds, that had been car-
ried out ol /'X;/!/ by Ctmly/es, when he made theConquell
of ihar Ciiuntiy, Abundance of £i^v/'/;(;« Idoli, which he
bloupjii baik, and nllored to their I'emplcs ; and this being
iin Ati cxtieintly agreeable to his SubjccHs, they gave him,
Upon this (Hcalion, the Surname of Lucrgetcs, which ligni-
lics lb:- Ikmfii^lor '.

Wr have alir.u'y obtcrvcd, that he (fpoufed Berenice,
the Paupjiiir (if ,l/,;;;j.r, King of Cyrci:e, a very bcajtif'ul
Worn. in, who made a Vow, th.it flie would conilcrate her

I lair, ill vale hv returned victorious from that Expedition :
And tlurelorc, on his coming luck again with Safety, and
lull Succi Is, It r the fullilling cf h,r Vow, flie cut otF h; r

I I iir, and olli iid it up in the Temple which Ptolemy Pbi-
lade.'pbiis had Iniilt to his beloved \Vi!e ylr/ince, on the
Proiuontoiy i-t Aepbyrium, in Cyprus, by tlie Name of
t\w y.ephv!,"! I eiius. Hut there, a little after, the confe-
ci.itdl I i.iir biin^ loll, or, perchance, contemptuouily
Hung away by the I'riells, and i'/t/^»;y being mucholllnd-
fd at it, Conon i^\' SiWiit!, a flattering Mathem.atician, then
lit .itiWiiiidria, to iiilve up the Matter, and alfo to ingia.
liite hinilell with the King, gave out, that this llair w.is
catched up into I leaven; and he there fhewed feven Stars,
mar the Tail of the Lion, not, till then, taken within any
Conlldl.iiion, which, he laid, w.is the Qiicen's confecrated
I lair \ which Conceit of his other flattering Allronomcrs
liillowiim,, with the fame View, or, perhaps, not ilaring
to lity otlierwile, hence Ccma Berenices, i. c. fbe Ihur of
Perenite, bci ame one of the Contlellations ; and is lb to this
Day '.

This feems to have been the only War, at leafl, of any
preat Conliiiueiicp, undertaken by this Monarch, except
tile Ivxpcditions made by his Order, into Aralia ■, the
prcati ll Part ol which, I mean on the Coall oppolite to
that ot Egypti along the Red Sea, he reduced under his
Poniinion \ as he likewife c'id the remaining Part of the
Jitbiepwn Coall : So that he w.as Matter of both Sides ot
the Shore, to the very Extremity of the Arabian Gulph,
cvcr-ag.iinit the Southern, or Indian Ocean. It is unlucky
lor us, that we h.ivc no dillinct Account of this Conc]uelt,
or (it the War which occalioned itj lb that we cm only
conirfture concerning it, that as the Inhabitants of that
I'ourt Wire always intamous for Piracies-, and as the I:hliau
Tiadr, now fettled through the y^r.;/;rf« Gulph, m.ule icof
vail Importancp to the E^-ptian Princes, to have thcfc
Piiii'ilercis ell'cdually removed, it was thought tiiis could
only W done by creding Cities, and reducing the Inhabit-
ani-. to u tivili/.ed Life. This is the more probable, be-
laule hat(ijH'(H(s, who was his Library-keeper, and in
hii'.h I'avour with him, wrote .an excellent Book, in rcl.a-
tioiilothe /«,/(i'.', which is otten mentioned by Straio, buc
is loiip, lime piTilhcil '.

/'/.'/(■wv l\uci,ii<tes c.uifed likewife fevcral Cities to be
built, (in the y-^j/'//.;*/ Side of the Gulph, in order to inake

•'''■"!', Ai.wi. p. ^1,, j.„;pl.,. J, i;i!, ju.l. lih. iii. <•

■ it'in^ui, lio. V.

'' //ii''!"y«.u in Dtinii! vi.

'' .'A '</''• /''■ viil. r a,

• //u-ISKI I'clittI .ijhcH^i/iu

' The:, lit. i>: UjlU^ xvii. Hterm. in Da-

; i'

'^^1

1 ■ 1

th. l,b.

thac

420 The Dilcovcry, Settlement, ami Commerce Book I.

'if. '

I'-f -■ 'i

th.ir r.iit of Ills Dnmiiiions more fccviro ; aiul fur tlio lame
Ki.tlitn that hu i'atlirr alio luvl eifiitvl I'ottri-lU-. in tli'
1 ri-nticn of A.'/';i7/>;,», viz. that Iw nunlit hunt Ikjihants,
«)t' which hi' hut always many m his ScrviLC. An antiint
Writir ohlVrv.s, that Vteltmy Pbil.dtlpius was i\'i>iiti'ii the
tiif^ I'rincc that hail diraplincil Kkpiunti ' v wimh, hi-
thinks is t.> bo iiniicrllixxl iithfr ol ins Inin^ the tirll
(ii,\i! I'linco t!iat hail thole Aniinals in his Army ; or t III-,
tliat 111- ^^a^ the tiill of .'Uts,in,Lr'i SiKCciror!) that uiiil
thrm: For, as he obkrvcs, Ixtoie the Conquril ot thf In-
dill by .l!i\itn.{er, J'eruj hail miny I'.l -(jhants trained to
War, \n !'.i< Army : bur, without iloubt, tlu' true Senli;
ot this AlTertiim is no moro than this, that /'/j.Vwv J'bi-
l.iJrJpiiis was thf tirll ot the With in I'limcs, wh>. iTouj^ht
Kliphants into liu- J-ukl, ot his own -. tor thole tiiat St-
l(uai.<, am! the nil <it till Avrwi Monarrhs haJ, wercoW-
tair.eil Irom otlitr riiiuis ; whereas Plolemy haii them ot
Ins own, taken and tamed by hisOtfiiers. I his J'toUmy
the third, or Ptclfny b.utr^clfu rei^iied twenty-live Years \
and died in the Viar In fore (.'hrill 221. He was the lall
of his Race tlut ^nverncd wk!i any rem[)cr, or Virtue,
all tlut <'i:coicd( d him y vmg thcmleivei uji to unbounded
Luxury anil \"ice.

I ■?. On tlir Death of his F'athrr Vtdemy F.ufrgetti, Pto-
lenr ^t)!:'cf\Uir mounted the '1 hroni- ; 10 which he is tiip-

fir)lcll to have m..;''' iiis \N ay, by poifoniiii^ that Prime:
ut It IS ccit lin, that he murdered his Brother A/.jjfi», and
fi«)nafc(r Ccomeiw, Kinj; of >'/iitr;.», who had taken Ki-
liMie in Ins Dominions and had Ix-rn in great Favour with
his F.ith r. Tins Pickmy was likew.fe charged with the
Murder ol his Mothi'r i and throii^^hhii whole Keign(;avc
figra! I'ntot^ ot a bile and barban us L),fpofition, whuh,
ptob.ibly, induced the Governor he iia! placed in Syria,
whofe Name was 'Ihtotiotus, to givi- uji the Ixll I'art of
tiiat 0,11, try to .intiocbus, wlio, likewife, ircpared to
iiivaili /•/;/>; •, bur, l> mi; hindered tiom the I'rolicution of
that Df fij;;!, hy ilunicnic 'I'roul'lrs, he was forccvl to con-
tent himielf with ruiuoiig Pbilr.dc'.pitj, wauh, as wc have
bcfire fhtwn, was a new City buiii by PaUny PhtUddphus,
in /uilia \

This gave the F::yptian Monarrli time to breath ; and,
finding tiiat it was laipofTible tor him M lontinue h;5 idle
and luxurious C'ourli' ol Lite, witliout ruimir.g the I la/.arii
of loling his whole Dominions, hi alicmbled an Aniiy ot'
f( vmty thoufand Foot, fur thoiifind Hoile, and llvcnty-
tl'T'T Eirjihants 1 and matching -vith it thiouyh the Deferts
sv!;ich frparatc l-^ypt trom Piilijhne, emamiKd at Ra-
fhui, where he w.is met by /.uuocbm^ With an Army little
iiite'ior "J iiiin m loot, and lu|)..r;oi in Horfe and Ivle-
jiharts. 1 !( re P:s!fmy ran a great KiO; ot king killed by
Tlcclctu!, who deli rted from Iiim, and who, being well ac-
tju.iinted with the Egyptian Manner of encamping, went,
With two of h;.s Friends, in the Dufli of the Iwening, di-
reilly to Ptc!eniy\ Tenr, with a fJ-ttled Delign to have
killed him , but, not tinding him there, he murdered his
chief rh^lKiaii, .ind two other IVrfons, who were in the
Ti-nt 1 aiul, in the C'onturion this (xcalioned, nvide his
Flcajr. Soon . 'ur, this Qjiairel was derided hy a Battle,
in wiiieh P:c!n;.y was viclorious : And it is vciy remaik-
able, that his \\ iic .hjhioe, who was alf) liis .Siller, re-
mained by his Side, duiing t!ie whole Fngagement. By
tins Viaory he recovered a'.i his Dominions ; and miglit,
it fie had purfuid his Advantage, have deprived hisl.ni^my
o! ir.oft ct lus i whuii he negiected, that he might return
homt; the fooner, to a Life of F.al^L- and I'lealuic: And
diirin,^,the ril^ of his Reign, which Ufled lixte.n Years, he
tontii urd in a conflant Couife of Dcluucheras, which ear-
ned him to his (irave '.

He w.is fiicreeded by his Son PfJemy hptpbanti, a Child
< f f:v. Years old, ot whom tlie Kcmuns undertook the
fiii.ir>iii!i!liip, and thereby prelirrved his Kingdom. This
youn;j I'liiice ti.llowed his Father's .Steps very exactly ; and
thereby provoked the Egyptians to cmie.ivour to depofe
liim ; which, however, he ef. aix-d : And, thinking to mend
his Atrurs, liy entering info torngii W.irs, one u\ his la-
Vou:ites poilum I him, when he lud iat on the 1 i.ronc

twenty-four Years. I fe w.is lin ereded l,\ IiisSdm,/'/,'

'♦
lull .Spirit, th.it tin

I'biloiKtrr, a I hild, who, when he i',u w liii. (ti,

liy

/Xyp.'uiii lit up' 1,11 Kr.itiirr /';^| '

J'/'Micn ; l)|)on whuh Civil W.irs cnliird, ai d tU- K ,
dom hadlKin ioiM|ueted I7 .Irtwcl-us, but tlia; thf ;/'"'
tnatis again interpoled \ and luw Diltuitvinie buMJ,!!,,,
Pbi.mCer, who wasbamlhcd Ins kingdom, lunuic!''
('iimpallion ol the .Senair, ti ivt lied liom h,un,hii],„^^
Homf, on Finn \ and the next Year Pl.y,nii ,.^^.^^^\^ .i \
on the lame Firan I. 'I'he lormer ot thiti- I'mmAw i
a gdierous and Unitiieiit Dilpolition, I ut thelaitir ot '
bate and Ixiibarous Temper-, and yit t\u- Remans, tmnu
I'rinciple ot Interill, protected luni. I le w.n iu;i, .1 j
I7 his .Son Ptelmy l.utiyrus, who was a very lud ' ,
.uul contimi.illy embroiled with his SuliiiCis, \<i\^l ]'
liime time, exptlldl him, and lit up Im Brother /.'»,j),.
dtr\ but afterwards relbired luin, and he held the Cfuwi
mall, from his batlur's Death, thirty fix Years *. '

1 le was I'ucieeiled by his Daughter Rtrenict, who thf-.
u) on took the Name ot Cleopatra \ tor, as the Kiiiffs i.t
l:\^\pt w re (ailed Ptotcmtts, ti) th ' (^i; ens v.-ic ((jiiimim;/
called Cc«/>(//rru. Alter this gie.it ConlufKin f .How.i)
till, in the Year t-eforr Cluill, the Fj^iptumi I' t /'.{,',•,•);)
Jul(.\i, who w.is the Baftard Son of l.atl.yna, upin liit
Throne : He hid his .Surn.iinf of .fu'etrs, which li'm;i.,
tbf Pip.r, from his Fondicfs for Miific ; and is rnnarl-
alile only, for givi.ig y«/,«/ C.rfar li\ tlioufatd Li'in-,
that he migtit remain in quiet I'olUlllon of his K::;[;'o:v,
in which the A'om.;rt.i maintained him by l'oicc,wh,nho i;.ij
loll the AfliVlions ol Ins .Subjects. Attir a Rei(;n(it tuurtcn
Years, he died, and left the Kingdom to his tkidi Sot
and Daughter -, lor he ii.id two Sons, ami two IXai^'iuni
but the eldell ol his Children was his D.mi^hter C.7r/i„ m, j
famous, or rather in! imous, in I litlory, tor her Aiiiour?,
full With Cr/tir, and then with ./nlb.iiy, wliidi hxt.iia
were not only fatal to licifelt, but loher <.oiintry '.

It is ealy to conceive, that, under fiich a R.U( el I'rir,.:',
nothing li to be exiJciUd from the obUurc Hillor,^ i.'-a;
are lett us of their '1 imes, 111 relition to thcC(iiniiiit\c a
the Jndit'j, inanylX-grce compai.ible, to wh.it li.islxcir;-
l.ited of the Reigns ol PbiLidiipl.ut .mil h.ua^iKs ; but,
fiom the F"r.igment5 of /IgiUkmhidcs, who was lutorto
one of the PtoUmtts ih.at yet remain, we gather, t.'iat this
Commerce was, by them, not only maintainal, but ix-
tmdedi and the Keafon ot this wa.s plain, licuiili: it
brought in vail Qiiantities of Gold, precious Stone,
Spices, and other rich CommiKlities, tl|)ecia!!y aercratie
to I'rinets of a luxuiious and dillipating Feinjier. This
lor Inllance, when it was once known, tli.it in a luky
llland, in il»e Jrabian (iulph, which was called 0;/.;.;W,
or 'The SerpeiH IJLinJ, from its being over-iun with '.hcl:
venomous Creatures, there were many biight To|a/ci.
Orders were immediately given tor cleanling it ; anJ i icr-
tain Number of I'lopic fettled there to hml .and liigou:
thole precious Stones tor the King alone '.

In the Days of PfcUmy PbiLiddpkis, C.ire wo'.i'! luv:
been taken to cultivate and improve this lilaml \ 1 1 ;:u:,
at Icjft, the IVople, who were thus employed, mii'nh-vt
Ix en plentifully tubl'illed : But a contrary I'ol.cy now p:.-
vailed 1 the Idaiid was lett naked and delhture ot all I'liii'.-S
and the I'coplc on it liipplied, at llated 1 inii-s, witii I'w-
vifions by ttie King's Ships -, and, all t!ii<, to laiir.' tr.t
Monopoly of tlu fe precious Stones, whuh, 111 llieli'l)a\>,
weic highly valued. Again, on the Diicovay et Ud
Mines on the Frontiers of tibiopia, thete were rot l>!;!'
the Indullry of jrivatc I'erluns, or lealed out by ih I f>J«:^
but Multitudes ol i'cople, tondemi.id on tiivol.uis I'r.-
tence', were hurt ied away thither , and, beiiiji i^wrJal bv
UfKiies of Soldiers, of dilVcrent N.itioir;, tli.it tlu) mi;;-
have no Op|>ortunity of convtrling with tliein, they »'^'
comiK-llid to work in the moll tlavilh .Manner ; ami, t.;.
too, without any Kelpite ui Rehef, till tlu y pailhcil uut
luch intolerable llaidlhipb '-.

T'he'lrade, all this Time, was cariied on in tw I'I-T''
Manner as betoie ; annual \'oyages were made to the b'f>
ol Jiaiia, where ihc Jndian Menhaiits rcfvjrtcJ, and 1 1.'

^ Ptiim. in Canare Pau/aTiiiii ri ■'llllcil. Pj-[hf,,.;
Cijur LivMinl. hi. ,ii. ' ./,„/

^»»i, lib. V <• 14,
t'l (ita-cii i.u^ihiaiit St

• Pttltm. II Cj's"'.
• J'

( Uia.llr

p.:,k till. »v. .

Lo.T..".w-i'*

Chap. II.

of the East T k d r e s.

421

OmirraiitiM oF Furept f xcIunRcd, at a vf ry liiRh Ratr,
jiMinll ihc rii lull (lotKls bi()ii[i;lit »r<nn tin- Coiiiitrii-n on
Mh Sldc5 (he ('•iiii^c- I'Of the ///.//<!/» Ii.ul now Ititkil at
I'llidi; im|)rovtil thv- I lawn whicli Jlrx.imlir had made
illrci aiid, having got a Kililh tor Ir.uU-, (XiMirtuI, in
iluir i)«n Bottoms, the valuable Coninioilitus nt tluir
iiiitiiil Region*- ^«'' ^^^"^ ""B'^' ^'"^'' '•''"' l"i"Wi-hat of
Ifihcy ill this V t'T the Indians, ilri;a<iing all Iiitcriouill-
«ithSii.in[5ir',, in tlicn own Country, might take up tins
(oirin.ru, th.it I'y rallying all the Kuhis ot tlic I'.all,
tliiis I" the Docrsot the Ej^sptiMS, tin y might jirvint
th.'ir nuking long Voyages .milkeii) thini at a DiUaiiie
linm tluir own CoalU \ in which, in a gnat mcaliirc, they

llluiuliil.

liur, on the other hanil, while the PloUmits built new
Cims ;iiHi ixtcmliil their Doniinionf cm the Well Side of
ihf Ai'u .^"'rf. the .'Vi^;'"'.', I n tlu l'.ali: (.oall, recovertd
tluir fiirmcr 1-rcedoni •, and, with it, their accutlonied
Itch to I'ir.icy, whu h they pradilid very liiceiliJully \ and,
Tcry pnilahlv, might, in time, have rendered the Coiii-
niir.c (it thi- R(d Sea altogether mvpra^-titable, it it had
iKt t.ilkii into the Hands ot liich, as knew lx.'tter how to
linioit It, than a Race of l-einalt, or, which was woile,
tfumiitite I'linics, ineapable ot taking right Mcarures
tiirnililvi-5 i and, who were otten \>M, by the I'arafitei
ihcy h.;d uljoiit tluin, on Mcaluris much worl'c than they
\coiiiii (therwde have taken. 'I'his Miilhiet, howiver,
mult li.ivt lalkcl lijine Ag' s Ixt'ore it could have intrcaied
wiA A litiglif 1 fiiiLe K IS eviilent, that, at thr De-
(ir.iCt:o!i ot thf Kingdom, their AtVairs were in a tukral.le
I'ollurt (m this '.ide j many new Cities erected on the
load ui the Rid 'ica \ the Canal to Berenice kept in good
kvpjiri Jnd, llirh other Steps taken, as might coiiducc
to prcfiirve I'o valuable a Branch of the Revenue.

14. 1 he true Source ot the Declenfion ot the I'owtr of
/;•,;; was, the ill Management of that immenle Wealth,
vhiih, ((thervile, mull have turned to fu great Advaiit.ige.
'iiii: M.1X1111S ot I'tokmy Pi<il:idrlfkt.< were buiieil in
0; ivi;m i 1! vir Dominions, on tJie other Side the AliJi-
Uncmcn, nfi.,Kctetl, and loft |iy Degrees \ their mihiaiy
rii M'.al I'.llahliiliments much letVencd i thole th.it were
k pt up, rutlur nuintained tor Shew ami Ornament, than
lor ar.y real St 1 vice j all Ranks an' Degrees of I'eople
fOTtptul in tlieir Morals ; (b tlia. the Courtiers llui'.ied
oily iiow to fippni'., with Safety ; aiul «hc I'eople, hav-
ipi,' tthdlly ext.Mpuithed all I'iiiKi(ilis of Loyalty, obeyed
[ii "imLyr tluii an Oppoi tiinity ollcred of Rcb; iling. The
ki:;;(;oin h*l, undoubtedly, been conquered more than
once liy the Syrian Monaieiiii ■, partiiularly, by /Intiochus
t:.. drwit, it It h.id not been protected by the Romans;
«:.o, cm.iinly, afforded them tlicle Sueeouis, rather from
M.ixinis i)f I'olity, than Magnanimity •, ami, by (ending
I'.tiiftinii'; I'utor^, at others, F.mballadors, and, vay
t:fiuuntly, B idle, of Troops, into E^pt, acquired a per-
i i:t kiiuwluli;e of the Couiitry, the 1 emp\ r and Manners
11 ihf iVoplo, the Nature of tluir Commerce, and the
.Mc.iiN (it gtitin^; all into their own Hands. Upon the
•AiCdlion ()| Piolnny iMthyrns, they had a fair Op[iortunity
"I l'i'-in(i the Kiiigdoiin which they omitted, Ix-caule the
■V'v.'iJ were then (wwertul ; and the Romans very wilely
""'pid ir i((|uiliic to be rid of that IviKmy tiril, well
Ki;ottin(r, th.it the DillraCtions in I'^ypt would continue ;
.111(1 th.it future Opiiortiinities would not l)e wanting, after
'!if r Ufdiidioii oi tile bell Part of .IJin, to feizc Egyfi,
*^nfii ilicy iliotild Ik; in a b( tter Condition to keep it. Some
'1' t ic iVIimfttrs under the PuUmies vi^y<.- lenfiblc enough of
' "'• Hclipn, and would have taken Meallirei; to prt vent it,
' y f Itdniij; the old (I'conomy ; and, as thry never wanted
••'•(^^ HcaiK ol niiiing Armie.s, that is. Money, they would
'••'V" I'KJii pi;t their M.iliers into a Condition of Iwing in-
"(■'■iHlcnt ot the R-mans, if thole I'rinces, who were in-
" 'ly giv;n ii[) to laixury and I'leafure, had not oppofed
I'll an Application of tiv.ir Wealth, as contrary to their
™" ''"'';^tions, which were to Iquaiuler it away in the
;■ ™ t'xi'iih and piotulc Manner •, and otten removed thele
•Mir.iltcrs by i'oifun, tlut th^y mijjht not be troubled
4

with Advices, with wliiclj tlief were deterniincJ not to
comply V

deapntra, the lad Quern of Esfyj-l, an 1 whofc Nam«
makes huh a Kigure m the Roman llillories, though a
Very lewfi, w.is far Irom king a wiak NSonian. She was,
at the Deeeafc ot Inr I'athir, aUait leveiite.n and her
Bi other 7'/«/wiv, to whomlhc was nun led, much younger i
to that flie had the whole I'owcr in Ikr i I.iiuls ^ and, being
in folietlion, not only ot hn\pt, but of the Kemjuiis of
the Kiiioire of J':ihr>iy J'hiludi/flia in other Countries,
the took caie tn au|iiire their I .angu.igcs \ and, belic'e*
(Sreekt which was her Motl.cr-Tongue, ami /,<«»«, in
whi(.h the was early .. llrufted, Ihe was able to convirfa
with the hthhfiaits, 'l'rogte,lyiis, Jivjs, JraLums, Syrians,
and I'trjiaiis, wiihout the Help ol an Intii [Meter •, fo,
that il Iv 1 \ iitues had correl'poinlid, in any Ueji,rie, wttfi
her l\irts, Ihe might have pieltrvtd, and been a Blelliiig
to hci Countiy '.

At her Accellion to the Throne, (lie was under the
Guaali.inlhip of the Romans, ai.d hatl aiffually a Body of
their lories about her Perlon •, bot the Contul'ons that
aiole ill that Republic, liom tiie Difputes between Fom-
J'Cy and C.rfar, might have atfoidcd her an (Jpportuniiy
ol rtndiiiig E^pi independent, if Ihe had known how
to ule it : But ihe was wholly iiitc .'it on what flie con-
lidered, as her private Interelt, which was, the ruling with-
out a Compaiuo.i, and keeping Ptohmy as much in Siib-
j (5l:on, when he grew ri\ as while he was a Child. This
produced a Civil War , nd Ptolemy and Ckojt. ra were,
each of them, at the 1 lead ot an Army, when Poiiipcy,
alter the tatal Battel of Pharfalia, endeavoureil to take
Refuge in igypt, where Plolemy, who had nobody to
advile him but the L'.unuch who had bred him up, and
the I'edant who was his l'ia;ceptor, took the vile Refo-
lution of making his Court to Crfur, l.y munlrring that
great Man in his Diltret'-, which was acconlingly per-
toiined ', Soon alter this Cjjar ariived at Alexandria, with
no greater Force than 800 Horle, and ^ 200 l-ootv his Krrand
thirlar was Money ; tor, as we obferved before, Ptolemy
/luleics was his Client, had given him 6000 Talents in
Hand, to procure the Romans Conllnt, that he lliould re-
main King, anil a Bond for 4000 more, with Money he
now came to receive •, and, accordingly, it was colleded
tor liim : And Pothinus, the Eunuch, Plolemy'i firll Mi-
niller, had a mind to have been lid ot him too ; and, in
order to exafperate i\\<: Egyptians to fuchan Height, as might
lervc ills Purpofe, he not only llripped the Temples, but
obliged the King, and all the great Officers of the Court,
to drink out of earthen VetTels, pretending that all the Tlate
was m.lted to pay C.tjar\ Debt. But Cifar liimfelf took a
Step, whic'» provoked the Egyptians more than all this ;
tor, as loon as he came to Alexandria, he lint his Rcfcripts
to Ptolemy and Cleopatra, commanding them to disband
their Armies, and liibmit their Dilputes to his Decilion,
which was a Strain of Authority that equally lurpriz^d and
inraged the Elgyptians. Yet Crj'ar, as loon as lie knew it,
found Means to quiet them, by declaring, that he did not
do this from any l^ower in himlelf, but tiom the Title he
derived under the \\ ill ot Ptolemy .-luUtes, who leaving
his Children to the Gu.irdianrtiip of the Romans, and
he being then their Conliil that Truft devolved upon
him. Cleopatra, being informed ot Cafar's Character,
quitted her Army, came privately in a little Boat to Alex-
andria, there cauled herlelf to be packed up in her Bed-
ding i and, being carried on the B.ick of one of her Ser-
vants, was introduced into Cefar's Apartment, and laid
down at his Feet. He was much moved by >.er J'ears and
Intreaties, but much more by her Beauty -, and flie was io
complailant to him, that this Interview produced a Son,
which ft cured her his Intertft lb etViittually, that, inftcad
of acting as a Judge, he became apparently an Advocate
tor Cleopatra \ ' which induced Ptolemy, though in the
ilands of Cxjar, to fend Orders to Aihillas, who com-
manded his yVrmy near Peh-Jlum, to advance towards
yilexandria, and attack the Rcm„ns ■, which was accordingly
done. But though they were five to one, they tailed in

* Pttltm. in Camxt. PUtant. m Jnltnft.

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421 77v Dillovcry, .Settlement, iuui Commerce Book I.

ihrirlT'*icn of rni'^Vinf O .V, who ilr«>Vi' tlifm out of i.l Winf, Iriiits .iiul a prrat Variety tj otli.r ih,„„,
ilic'y iuxt4«.\ik .111' I Iirt witli whiib, anoiiliiif? C" ''" Huduiiir ol iIioU liniM,

ihv tity w.tlumt I . .. im-y . . , , ,

r.mn- ill SMiafi. v:ii>.-l>. Ii<>vviv<r, tii j-rowkri O/c. not only .Itcininl Co-ivnittfuirs l.nt Nrailj.M, j „„

Ih.jt he- iliiTc>.%l Jll t!ic Ship lit War ,1-1 t!f Mavt-n vf I l4v, iIik i^ K.nCKl.fal, ic will apjr.ir cxirrnuly i„„h,t, '

' "'ut ilirlwlU'ari tifth.it I'rolit. whiih llii,ulilluvirui,tn|

Ih,

mit.u'tmn, aiul iliirtuily iIuiim); ilic l.utir I'.irt ut f|.|,i.,.

l)rm.inils niiil\ Ixcumc |>rf.itir .

Ir mull allii Iv loniuLrnl, ilut wiicn I I'lKak nl ['.

Iliiry 1)1 tlir Traill' \o the /■.;// liUia.

I'l. lli'TC i< the create It Rralljii to hilievi-, iliiiorf
jiriimi.al Motivi- wliuli intiiiicil liic Homam to Ix: lo I.-
Iiiiioiis .lUnit the Ariiiiiliildii <ii E^\pi, w.is themitir,^
thu va!iul>lc Tiailc inti) tlxir 1 l.iixl-, as well asl'm.r.;;

/V.W.w./rM, to It ih!'>jn«ly tmrivil , inil, thi* lieinf^ rx.cuic. ^

prrcipiMt ly, I nx- ot tluin I'rovi on SIk n-, ami ImIu' lo tin- If^fli.iMi, troin tluir own p.uiliar 1 tailr, ,

«i!|.»renf Moiil>» hk-wilc on lirci wn.l th<- l-Unui lom- I'wallowui up hy tlicir IVinaml for lorii-ndiiixliami M.,

iniiiiii.iting t.'ic C<Mi('j;','.ition, to tin. <^n,trrcr i.iIImI Hrn

ihum, it was in a nviiinrr, wholly ildhoye.U ami there

with, the l.iiiviir. l.il'r.iiv, firll crcaal l»y Pitlmy i'hiU

•c'/'iI'n;, bdorr nuiitioiinl , _

Now ifwa^ilut thi'borre«,f /■/»;/ .inpe.iriiU ami, in >V<alth ot l)^ypi, I I'o nit imanhy it, that AiWr, ,

all thr C'anii\iip,iii maile I7 6>/.i'-. HilJory arcni.iinn in which I'livatc M.ninii^ht have (iijoy,d mtliur own li.uu

%»ith none 111 whiih Iv w..-. in I'u imuh IVmner, or <4'f iin«l trum ihrir ji.utiiular l-oriuiu-, itlliliin!^ Irmn I'l r ,,*,

ViOtoiy iii<on h.ir>!.r I .rrn* •. .-iikI. iI I'lrlt.ir of their Imiiilhy ami Otinnoiny j but I mean th' ir mtrmlic R,f ,

King'i bfiiiK ilcl>i""Vf>l, who wji .ill ihis tunc in CViir'n ot doll an'l Silv.ri in wimh I h.ivc Ih.wp, lut ti.t,

(amp, hi I not rHhaineil tliok in Anns, aiul chur Att.irh- alx)iMulfil, n\<.^r<: than any ntlitr Nation with.nthiN I'mui.

incnc to t.«/>o/'.f, himliral a iv" I'-'it c,t tht /'XV^mw Ami, I hojie, I h.ivi- hk. wilc Ihiwn, tli.it the IkII hrt ct

Nation's takinp Arms, thii NNar h.ul prrl'rrviil licm\ llm mtrinlic Wealth mull haVo bcm lUnvnl ir(,.ii[,, ,

Frecilom, ami thrtr own, by fhr total Ovi itl.rowol O/Jr, InJian Trailc ; bnaiilc th' re wai really no otlirr W.iy, [y

in rpite ot all hi Valun , .m.l niiliiaiy Skill, ol N.tli whiih, whii h they toiiM aiijuirc if. I ilo not howivit Jtn.,' da;

howevrr, he j;ave abiimtai'.r InlKiUKV I'lir War at l.ilf a i;rr.it I'art ot thisdi.M ami .Silver ml^;lit be uuirn-l

trrnitnaicd m a iliiilivi Battle, lou(;ht by tin- A,-;//m»u, into *,<.v/'/, by thnr Halanic ol Traiic <roinoiliirN.;tio:i,

to prrveiif (..f\ir from r. itivimj', Sii.c<nir<i 'ii'*! by O/.ir, evm Iroin luih a* h.iil imu h h fs than tlirmfclvt* ■, yu i

that ho niif^ht ol<tan ihcm ; in which he pnvaiUil \ ancl this Halatuc nt I railc wa^ trcaial, i^Hir^h, Md.t, /'„«.

Kin(^ Ptolemy, c mleavourini; to nuke hit b It ip<- m a Iitilo ami iiuny other aiitjint Writers agrn it wa^, tiy th.ir.Sa,i

Boar, was ovcrlit, ami ilrowncil, alter a dillraitid Kiign of fraiium mv\ /rtJ/.tuConinioihtic, tlieii the i- k! i. * -i

ot' Ktwern lour .mil hve Year* •, am!, iiix.n thit, Cjrftr me, ami I h.»ve tutly m.ule Jt ail that I n ^mlil, ; t„ :

tleilueil 0?/>'^rfrt *.ItitTn lA I ^tpt, anil )oiiml with hit ruuKl Ik- ■ X|.fttMi from iiv, iip'n this .Siih|(d. 1 inin ■,

her younger Urothir Plclfmr, who was thin 1 ut • Icvcn imUeil, hare Ipirnf myiWf a ^nat ileal U this I m",^,

Year* uUl : As tor hrr Sifbr .fr/inee, who was 1 ow fallen by inlldiiiR on the I'lipV I-..i'l ot t!i'. 'I'rr.iluic anuiiai : ,

into hi? Hamls, hciairiut hit to A'c >,/«•, ami led her in /Wmv /77,W///>/'.'.t, and h.ivi- Irit the r ll tnthi H;i,u; 1

'rriumph, liavi'ip, how^-vir, at his Drpaituit from /iJfx- OhIcrvation v but I ih<ile to nwkt the 'I lun^ js [Inn «

AfiJria, a Ho.!y ot A'r^t.w I rrvips for tin- Security ot the I louidi ami ind<i\l i ha I no other Ke.irin luf ii,rii!i,';

(^itm''. IVrlon. and mi.ntiinin|', her Aiithoriiy. Hire h) long ii| on thi y',,'v/>/„j*i llillory, every Lirdimlljr.ip"

then, pn ]>trly tpi.ikiiiR, rndultlieOc^^ Fiiipiie ill /■.^if/>/v »huh, however, wilMc-rve to ihiudatc tlic tolljwir
tl'.oiigh it was not as yet r. du.Til irto a Piovime.

I -y Ihc Kea-liT mull k- mvloubtedly f.Uistiiil, even
rr.^m this ibort N'lew of the Uilloty ol J-gjij-r, that the
Tnafirrs of li.it ( ounfry muft be in a minn.r inex-
haulbble, that nmld liillain thf Negligence ami Dilli-

jiat'.on of trn iuch I'nnccs .is toliowcd I'hihfatn, tor the mighty I'.iiipire thi.y ha. I Ixlore obtameil uii •.;:.i

there w;re lourfren f /o.Vm/M in all •, tin>.\, at thw- Death ol .Side, ..m\ making lure of a I ountry li) tiuitliil itil.T,

J'tiljJdphut, th'T'- WM', in till- /•.^\/'/.rt« l-nipiic, no lets am! upon Mhiiiitluy, 111 a in.miR-r, lorillaiuly iKitoI.!

thin 5 j,jj ) Litis. Ir is tur, that, by lU^rni, the for rrovifinis. Imleid, tholi', takt 11 togtthtr, were t.'e

I'owcr ol /(o'/*/ liiiik; prodip,ioi:» .Sums of Money were thitt, ai Icall, il not tlio o:ily Motive, that ilitiTii.ini

from time to timi exportrl, Imm t!ie lolly ami \S takncli them lo coiivcit it into a I'loi inic : lor if .my tl' ; ;; 1 ;.,

rf their Pritice«, vho lougli'. th.it Allillanci- trun thitr thau the abfolute I'oircti'ion of it could have lontcn;;!

Wiaith, which ti.ey oiiijiii to h.ivc found from tluir Sub- them, tluy might have h.ivl it without ex. iiit',ii:lhir;; t.c

ie'^s i :,n I wl'.o f'X)hf!)l; I imiid fhiy i.,u!d piirihatc (fillet, Kate ol the Piolftmrs, w!io, tor li) n.aiy tiincrMii.''',

whrn t!i-y won!.! ni-t I c .it th- I'ains to tl-iure it by a jull hut Ivcii abloluti ly i!e|H-mltni ujkjii thini.and hdl t.-i.'

Admnitlration •, but <vn tit l.iff, a-vl when dv ir Atiairs Kingdom only by IVrmillioii.

were ill t!ic worlf .Sit'iaiion, one ot tluir Frmce.s could It may \k ailded to this, ih.it the annrxin'', /vvfi)
pive, in a fipgL Brib'. , Oooo 'I'alints, whuh ami.unted the hcnutn Donnr.ions, was the b'lrll Fruiti ut ;.". :
to 1,542,00,.) I'ooiuii ol Our Momy, and his Bond lor Ch.ingc ot (iovi-inniint v l()r (ii I'P!^ .is thi- Kipublic u"-
A'.'oo 'lacntj mor-. At iIk- very lalf, in tht- tirveral tinual, there reniaiiinl a Ki .d ot Moiltlly, wii:i:i I-.:.-
Battks tui.r,lit by S;-,i with (.'.r/jr, tiny loll 1 10 Slii()s of drrd them from lli/.m^ the 1 irntoiicsof ilieir'AlliS op'-
W.ir, and h:i.l lii'l a Mei t h It mm h fiiperior to that it cially oMuch asi imiidid thtir lamilifs and b'.lht s tu tu"
the AV/n.;».', in tie Number and Force ot Shi|», it they Protection, whuh wai expntly the Caie ot ^^wVlOT..'a•
h.ui li-in as well miniicil '. /ties, .m\ his LhiKlien.

1 hfle ar-' as rtroni; IVik fi as can ^XjlliMy Iv alleprd of Kame was engrolli

the Wealth ami I'own ot the (iovemmi i.t ot h/yft, even ations leakd, and tl
win n the Governm nt was at the word v atui yet then it
was tlic I'ul'hi only that w,is dillrlled : '1 he I 'topic of
I-gypt were imnv.-iiltly rirh, ai viry plainly .ijiix-ared, by
the vail Ktvenuts ¥,ii;<h the Ko»:aiis drew oiit of that
Kini^doni when th y had reduial it into the Form of a
Province. It m.iy ly mdicd objedcd, that l:n%pt was in
itfelt a Country rxtc-diiijdy rah » th.it it was rii;ariled, for
many .X^ts, as thednuury ot the Woild, or, to Ijieak

with I'rc.irrr Fropricty, oi the Rcnuin I'.n.pnc ; and, thit ,.. , ,

it m.iy JK-nafon.ibly fiipjiohd, el'petially conlidering the into a Froviiuei a Province, imliul, .ilways rdpi->^«

Indullry ot the I'eople, tliat a gnat I'art of tlieir Wealth the firil and moll confidtnihle of the hnipirr, u ^fu^^

was thrived from th-me : But when, on the other hand, it w.i-, joined, and always mated with p.irtiLi.iar Uilhnaioa,

if is conhdere.l, that i\k l-^^ypt,am h.ul very tew native but llill a Province, govermd bv the Laws, .imi lubjci' fJ

C'omniod.tics ot (;r<-at V.ihu- (xccptCorn, and th;U they ilic linpolitions pi< Icnbrd bv for. ii;n Mailers, to w™'

ftoiKl in neal ol tlinoil .rl kinJi of 'Jimlx-r and Mctah, Uli: the bell I'art ol the Wealth, .uijuiralby lisInluLum^.

It \\'a Capfar r,mn,rt. ht n\ Pl,tmel'. m Cat/arr. ' » /)(,•..■ Cgf nl. f;trm lliilim, di ill!' •^^l^"^'*

But whin the whol--' ro^ni
into a iingle Maml, all t.'iefj Cor.fuki-
■e Delire of aiij^ireiitin^'.hcAut.hoiiiy.
and inirealing the Wealth, di[K-nding on t;\jt rii:ri:-:o-.
canic to tak;' I'lace. '1 liar this w.is rvaily tlu' l.w-. «•''
k- rendered iltar in tlv ntxr Sictum, in whi li «vM
Ihcw, th.it the tirit Schemes, Lamed by ili. y<,M.iii.', J""
t.iking J'ollellion of i-xv/)/, v/ire nlativ to the li>.i'n!'i:
this Conimcne, and even impiovmg it; ,111 J tlicnlorc •
is neccllary to llicw the Suie in wliiih it lloo.. iM.J
Juncture, and in what iiunncr this gr.at Hivolutio: hi;-
jxriied, whiih Ihriink ilii: txienliv. |-'iiipiio o: }'b:.iV!'P'
a Province, inilinl, .il'

II?

f^luiitf. in Cut

^6Pfur Cetnmtrt.
't'llai. O- ijiui.

III Plutwel'. iu ('.ai/'arr.
' Plularib. in A»lt>iit.

fii

ciuip. ir.

of t/jc Last I n d i n s.

42 J

,w Olivetti il I ami x»Iio, conf c|uinrly, n.ijKil, for the roruliuUtlicami.tu Miftory of tin rr.Kltffani.il on by th«
I ,,„H., all thr lViio;ii aniuiiiij Irom tlit wlioU Loii\imrtc turoptans, tliroimli iIim Country. t« the A<i// Indus.
it[\\\c Htiiu. , , , . ni ■ • «. '''• ^'*»M'o% <^ifin of Ayf/i/, irign.a imr that

InotJertoioiuprthciul thw pcrti>.lly, it i» nrfrfljry to Country quietly, tor the Spaic of nnr five Yinrs altif
M.irv^', il'i>t t'>"' '•>'•' Koute, i>i«nnl by /'i'lUddphiu, for flic wan littliil in th.' I'oHidion of the Kiiik>Ioiii liy Juliut
, I'lyinn I'll tli<* '• f-*^''- "' •'"■ ''"^""^ *•'■' a*'l'"li't' ly "fWi r.Vy.jr i hiit «t flic I'.ml of that 1 iiiv, hir vo(iiiy;cr Hioihcr,
u: dure luJ U-ai, of olJ, a Caiul lut from tlw Kivcr \Hmn grown up to the Abu ot tiltmi, iK^jn to eitoeift,
.V.'tuthiA'iV.M.tor tlwConvmifniyof Commcric i,»ml th.it lomc H.(.■y^tn\ llwniM bi- (licwn to Imn, UyonJ the
Ii.hIuJ Ixcn ,iln;rw.iuU prctcrved, d.inlcil, .mil jKif itil bare Outliilc, aiul uliT.I* Comphmcntn ot Majtlly •, which
If tkcCrtik I'nmrJ, th.it is, by tJK- PtoUmiti. I ins cut (Irurk Utopafra in lut li a niiniKT, with Sul'incion, that (!»«
t.ii airoli tilt iiarro will I'art of tlit; Klhnuis, which was caulid him to he poiloiuil, to pnvrnt any tuturc Uif«
•jDiitrixtyiwoVi 'm, thiHigh iotiic Authori iiuk.,' 11 niori-, imtcu ami thrreby ealcil hcrliltOf all lur I .imily, cxiciil
aul I'ome li.l». I hit Canal liaJ Inji-ti lirll attcniptnl by St- licr Siller //r/iitot, who had n tirt-il, alter licing Kd in C^'
;!rii, but not pcrlcaei! v tir. Deli-^n wa< .ili.rwar.ls re- J,ir'% Triumph, into the Upp(r JJia, where, tlio' Ihc lived
luiiKil liy Dj'iu.', ami biout;ht to IVrflftion by I'filtmy priv.itcly, llu; couKI not cicape themaliuoui Notice of her
litliiiiliiui. Ill's Ciinal wa> one humlred I'n t bioiil, SiIUt, who loon alter plottci! ami acconiplillieil her the I)e-
inilthirtyd^'q'. Ij^'t it was m.iiia;.;fil by a Ibrt of .Skiicrt, lUuCkion *. In the Commotions which followeii, upon the
\^ which tho \Vat< r» of the NiU y/t'u- raillil, lu as to .if- Murdi r of O//'-, Ihr carried heifelt with li) much Doublc-
liiiUrJll'iR'torVrllMi into the Hiti SiU, without letting nel's ami Dillinmlation, that Cijfiu.i iiitimied 10 h.ivc de«
ir.y Ult Waiir into the Canal, lor le.ir of Ipoilint^ the Ki- pi.lcd Ivr, lor nut t;rantinB Imn Allillancc j and alter the
vif, whieh tlir l-.^yplidHs valued alxive all things. • When Dele it ol tiie Korces commanded by him ami /Iriilus, .In-
thf '•»* tan.il w.Ls niaile from Copies Ut IWrtnict, this tony ent'.-it lined loiiie Notioii.s ot the lame Kind, on Ac-
fc'l iiiia Dil'ufc, and was conlidered only as a Ucpoli- count of the Kelpeilt Ihc had lliewn to the other I'arty !
t jry ot iVclh Water, a thing extremely rcquid'.e tor liieli But upon Cloputru's coming to '/rtr/vj, in order to give
.iwravcllud tliroDgh the Tandy Country tlut was adjoining, an Aciount ot her Comluift, he was lo cafitivatcd by her

Wit and Beauty, tlut he became an abluiiite .Slave to his
Pallionlorher ■, which not only ruined loth him and her,
bui proved allij the Uellriidion of th- /{■^yftit.ii Monarchy,
and of til.' Ao/BrtK Liberties, which, it llie liad not been
lubdued hf .iugiijlui \ might, very probably, h.ive been
prel'-rved.

Hlindeil ly ttlis I'alTion, ho followed her to /llfx/iniliiiit

in orJcr to \u\i round the I leail of the ixypiian (iuljih.
Til, re was .mother Koad, whiih )),illcd wnjiin two Mili-s,
(;; Mount Caftus, and, alt' 1 a I'allage ot aUjut fixty Miles
till mil) the lornvr Road. .\nd there was, belules, a third,
wliith was a Ihortcr Koad, through th-' Mountain, but
witlnmt Water all the Way, '1 hele three Ro.uls ternu-
rat:il at the City ot .hfinoe, whieh IIockI near the Head of
th: (iul|>h, on the Liyplian .Side-, and were exiiemely
coiiVL'.iieiit lor the Intercourle which the Igyp.'tans had
»;;!ithelnlii>.tants of .haka the Stony, and the Countries
tj i!ie North ol that Kei^ion, p.irtiiul.iily l\ilfj}inf '.

Ill the Time of the old Eg^yptum Kinj^s, and Ix'fore
the Coiiqurll by the Pcrfian.u the little I'orts, or rather
Crjtks at tlie I le.id ol theCiiilpii, were ni.ulc ul'c of for
.Sliii's, that were defi^ned to p ilj. down tie" Red Sea, and
10 triilc nil the Coall : Hut after lUoUmy I'hilaiU.'phus h.ui
tpncJ the conimoilious I'oit ot Myos llcrmiu, .fterwaids
ciilal the P«) / of fcnui, thelcCieeks weie very little ufcili

where he l>ii a ^re.ir ileal of Time ', and when he letiirnecl
into Italy, found 'in Affairs in Inch a .^1 u.ition, tiiat he
was content to marry O'/avii, the Siller of. //i^vj//;/;, that
he mij;ht be reconciletl to liim. But this .'Vpieement did
nc)t lalt loiii^ ', tor, being Itill enamoured ol V.lfopalra, he
managed Affairs in the I'.all with fiuh IiuliUretion, .nnd
treated his Wife Oilaz'ia lb ungr.itefu!ly, tli.it it produced
a new (.Quarrel with her Brother •, whit li he lo little re|',.ird-
ed, that he ili'clared C.fftincn, the Son which Clcoj.v.ra
li.ul by 'yuliiii Ciff'ir, King of I'-gypt and Cy frits, in Con-
junction with his Mother: And wli'-rcis he had himlelf

ll.iiu^h, as \vc Ihall hive C)ci afion to Ihew hereafter, they three Chiklreii by her, iiz. JUxumLr .xnA Citoprira at one

Biith, and Plolmy, whom he lurnamed Philuuelpbus, at
another, he, at the f.iinetime, gave unto /ILxandcr .irmf-
nia. Media, Pm.'hiii, anil the rift of tlie l''.,ilUrn C onn-
ni'"-, from the /-.w/^irrt/fj to JiiJia, when tluy iliould be

luvu lince bi'en brought into Ule again. The J:r\piiit)ts
lad alfo Towns on their own .Side of the Red Sea, from
Arfmoem Ptotemjis, whiih weieone thoul'and one hundred
i:il eighty-two Mile.i dillant from each other ; but this
lal't-nin.t )ned Place was bunt purely tor the fik;- ol Jiunt-
; lr'.k'i)!i,ints, oy the Command of Ptolemy Pbiladelpbus :

An.l between Ptoletmus and iierenice, there were teveral

lubdued i an.l to Cleopatra, the I'win liilir of . ;.' .v.///i.Vr,
I.yhia and Gyrene ; and unto Philadelpius, Pkxnicia, .\\ria,
Cilnia, and all the Countiles of Lejir .1/1.1, fmm the hit-
Piirts ', of wliich, fiowcver, the F.gyptiaMS could make no pbrates to the Utile pent ; and conierreil on each of them
Lie, in regard to tie ir Indan Traile, keaufc diey were the lu'eof AV'r^ of Ktn^s : And, about the fame time,
liuutal iroin theA'.u- by an high Kiilge of Mountains, he alio ,,ave unto Cleopatra the Name of ///J, and ailumed
ever whkli the Catriage, byC.inuls, mult have been very to himlelf that of Oy/»(J •, appearing in i'ublic with her in
ci.vcult, It nut iinpraftie.ible ; .ind the chit f Utc that was the lame Urefs with which the Images of thefe Deities were
nu.lcot thule I'oits was, to llielter the Ships, that palfed clothed, in their rel"]Ki:live Temples '.
up or down the Arul'iM Gulpli, in c.ifc of any unforelcen In theic Kind of !• oUies, he walled his Time in fuch a
Acci Icnts. manner, that his Competitor had Leil'ure to ailemble a very

' T:m'jjihtnei, who was Admir.i! of t!ie Fleet, which great Force, both by Land ami Sea; which, if he had
y.'c/cwy/'/iy/.w'i'.'pi'.vr kept in the ./r(»/;</«(iulph, lets down been attentive to his own Concerns, /7«/c«v might have
the length (if It to be t()iT Days .Sail, and the Breadth prevented. When 'Tilings were in this Situ.ition, An-
about two; but the Nivig.ition w.is alw.iys dangerous and ^ujlus procured a Decree of the Senate ol Rome, for de-
l'q)kx:'il, on account of "tlie llulnefs ol botli Shores 1 how- daring War agnintt Cleopatra •, and thus all the NVellern
fvir, the P.^yftians were fo well aciiu.iiiited with it, that, I'art of the World armed on his Side j as all the liall eiv
35 we Ih.ill lee hereafter, Cleopatra, in the Time of her
iitmoll Diilrefs, h.ul Thoinjits of ilrawing her Fleet thro'
'i"; "''' ^'"lal, into the Rc.i Sea, in tmler to have made her
biapo th.it Way, from tlu- Romnns, and to have taken
Mi-ltrr fithcr in /ha/ia l-V'i.-.-, or peihaps on the Coalt of
I'lifia, where her Siih|e^ts hkewife tratltd '
'^tc^-oi Things, and fuch the

Si.itlcnir>nts, at the Time that a Period was put to the
Wfk M.j,n.irrhy in thatCountry, with an Account of which
"■'- are to clofe this Sei'tion ; and we thall then enter on the
Improvciiia.u made by the Roviav.s, in the next, which

p.iged in Favour of .<^K/(5»y. When they began the War,
tlie Forces ot the latter were much f"ui)erior to tht)fe of the
former •, for he had with him an hundred tlioul'ind F^oot,
twelve thoufand Horle, and a Fleet of live hundred Ships
of War; whereas the Army oS Aiipijlus conlilled only ot
Such was the eighty thoufand Foot, twelve thoutaml 1 lorle ; and his
Ct)ndition of the Egyptian Fleetof no morethantwo hundrcdandiifty Ships. IJuthere,

again, the Inaftivity of ylntcny proved la'.al to him ; for
he delayed attacking his Enemy till the next Spring, before
which many of his Friends dekrted him ".

Ihc belt i'art of tlvc fuccecding Year was fpent in a

*""-. i.y\M, P;uta,<>,

.■I'.f.vtj. Di-n Cii'Tw, lib. ii.

' Strata, III. xvii. Dia.hr. Sic.

h Piin. Hi/K Nat. t:i V. c. 19.
! ' '' ■* -V;""- dt litUii (.1 . ,/J»/, l,i. V. She \v;ib murdered by AremS Order, at tlie Imlig^.tion of CInpalru. ' Who wai

." ™W O.-.'ini, J but to prrveiit ilie Cuidulioii tleit 1111^111 li.ii-iwn, Irom inciuioniiig ihc K.me fcilon by JiUcrtnt Names, I make ule of ytu-
l/'. 2 Uii.jUiiakiiuivn trroielioiil ' I)i.;n.Ca ui, Ml t- ■i-'- *Ptutaiclt. M Am.'ne. i)it» dpui. iiul.nii,). Oiafni.

lingsiing

f! il

\ ii

i 'M

if F ■ i fii

II"

\'ti

!*;.:.;*;.

^iMr^

■\\>

77;^ Dilcovcry, Settlement, ami Commerce Book I.

424

liv iinsT Kinil of War, till towar^ls the latter F.n.! ..t the
Mw'ntli'ot". /«?((// both Annus and FUxts were in Ni-lit ot
rich other. './« ««v, with h;s Forces, eniamiHil in tlie
N.irrh!x)inho<Hl cl.lilium, a Iniall City ot h.pirus, lying
on t.ie Souti. Suie ot the Month ot tlie Ambracuin t.iiiph -,
aiul .luv'ftus was on the other Side, with his Army and
Meet, at the Piftince ot about a Mile trom each other.
C/rw/rrT W.IS w.th intone, and prevailed upon him to
try his Fortune hy Sea-, and aecontingly, on the lecondot
SfPtemkr, in tLe YearUto.e Chril\ thirty-one, a decifivc
Fns'a^ement cnlued, in which .-fnteny was far trom hav-
ing the worll, till Cleopotra, with the E^ypiton Stiuailron
ot'^lixty Sail, ddVrtcd him •, and he torRot his own Intentt
f.)t"ar, as to follow h( r : Notwithltanding which, his Hect
cbntiiuied the Fngagemeiu till Night, when they were
intirely Ivaten ; and, in a tew Days alter, his Army dc-
ferted to his Rival '. , j • 1

As for CkoMtra, (he (ailed ilirec\ly to Mi\'indria ; but,
fearing that iur Subjerts would not receive her, it ac-
tjuainted with the tnic State of her Aft-iirs, (lie entered the
HaiUuir, with all her Ships a.iorned, as it they lud car-
ried the \iclorv : And having, by this Artifice, got into
full FoUinio:! of the City and Kingdom, the caultd Inch
of tlie Nobility ot l-^ypi, ns (he moll iuliK-t^ted, to lie put
to Deatiii and thcn'it was, that (Tic formed the Projedt ot
putting all her I'rcadires on Uiard her Ships, and drawing
thoff '.ships thio' the Canal Ixfore-mentioncd, into the
Med Sea -, which Delign was prevented by the Vigilance
ot t!u: Remans, who prevailed with the Arabians on the
opiHiiite Sidf of the Ciulph to burn thofc Ships •, which
wIkiIIv dilappoiiitcd her Defign '.

./«/fl«v was at that Time abfent, and frcmed to be en-
deavouring to colkrt new I orccs ; but he foon abandoned
that I'roitxt, and followed CUopatra to Alexandria, where
he till iiito the lame lazy and luxurious Life he had leil be-
lor.. All his Hopes lay, now, in endeavouring to Ibltrn
,iu;ujlus by .Siibmillions ; and, with this View, both he
ami CUopaira lent to the Conqueror, offering torclign all
they y<t potTeiFtd, and to leaii a private lafe, in whatever
I'ia.c he thought projier to allign them. To Antony's
Projxifals no Aniwer was made, but Ueepatra wasHattered
w;t!i Hoprs that (he might not ilellroy, or make away
with, her Trcalurcs : And tliefe tallacious Hojxs led her to
the iirMtcll B idnelV, that ot Ivtraying Antony, by giving
v\> i'fhi/itm, which w;ls gariibiicd by her Forces, to^*-
fujiis, on the hril Appro.icli of his Army. Anteny
Would thtii have put himlilt on b»iard his Fleet, which was
ftill numerous, in order to have louji^ht another IJattle ; but,
as ((ji.n astluy were drawn into a Line, moll of his Ships
went over to the Fntmy. 1 lis 1 .and Forces actt d by him
in [lie fame manner, thro' the Iniinuation ot Cleopatra -,
which drove him into (uch a Fit ot Dilpair, th.it he threw
hi.iif If upon his Sword, chufing rather to die by his own
Hands, than to fill alive into thofr ol his F'.nemy '.

A little bcturc t Jis .\ccideiit happened, CUopaira h.nd re-
tireii to a iiiai^r.ihcint Monument, whah flie had caiifed to
Ir iufrt t'lr \v il.lt, iie.ir the 'leinplc ot l/ti ; and thither
flic u.novid the btll Fait <^( h<.r 'Irealure, (hutting up
hcrfeif therein, widi only two of her Maids, and one ot

her Funuchs, rxpcding, in that Sjlitiide, whatever m, 1
Ufalher^ '8''^

L'|K:n the coming oi' Augiijiuj to Alexandria, al| p^.
(iibmitted to him \ and he t<x)k all the I'terautionsfii^'
fible, for fettling and preferring it ; and, amongd il'
we are to reckon his putting to Dcith Crfaricn, which h'
did for two Rcafons -, tirll, becaufe he had bien dcrlarci
the lawful Heir of Julius C.rjar, wliidi might h.ivc
awakened new 'I'roubles in Italy \ ami next, becaufe of I
Dclcent from the Plolewies, whicii might have given h;!"
a Claim to the Kingdom of J-^ps-i. He likcwitbtnuti!
Death Antyllus, the eldell Son of .hiieny hy his firltWjf.
tho* he had mairieil his own Daughter': As to the Km' '
of which, Hilbry is filent '. ""

Qeopaira remained, all this time, fluit up in hcrTnmb>
for Augujlus, having now made fiire, Iwtli of her PcrU
and her Treafures, negleiJfed her 4 which (he wrcdviw
and bc-ing likewife informed, that he intended to carry hif
in three Days time, to Rome, in order togr.icchisTnumiV
(he caufcd herfelf to be bit by an Alp, a Kind of Scritrt
found only in Kivpi and l.ihya ; the Bite of whiih iiulnai
a Lethargy, which brings on Death without I'ain, in ii^^
three Hours time. Such was the F.nd of this I'nnccft ^
the thirty-ninth Ycarof her Age, pnd in the tw<ntvf;iu-d
of her Reign, accounting it from the Death d ha Kit.Vr
Ptolemy Akletet ; ami in her ended the Royal Kocc dt tht
Ptolemies, after they had governed in /^v;;, trom the
Death of Alexander the Cmat, two hundred ninrtyitir
Years '.

The Senate and People of Rome were fo well iilfafed
with the Condud of Augujlus in this .Affair; for he fMi«
but a fingle Month, in the .Subjedion of this whole King-
dom \ that they decreed the Name of this Month ro bei°.
lered, and that, inltead of Stxlilis, it fliould be called Ja-
gitfi, as it has been ever fince. They likewife decried, that tx
1 )ay, on which .-htgujlus had entered .ilexandria IhoiilJ, in i!|

fucccedingtimes, lie .accounted fortunate; and that anew An
Hiould take Place in Egypt from that Time, as it did ; ar.d
derived itsName from theVidory at//.V.w;;;,t!io'itdidr,ct
commence till near a Year after, being tixed to the twtniv-
ninth of /yK/«/, in the thirtieth Year Kforc Chnft, be-
caule on that Day Cleopatra died, and, the MmdcnM
F.mpire ending in this Country, that of the Romans com-
menced '.

By this i¥!ra, all publick Tranfadlions were computM
in Eg\pt, (b long as it remaiiKd a Province of the R:rrM
Kmpi'-e, which was fix hundred and fevtnty Years. Whil:
Au^HJlus ftaki at Alexandria, he viliteil the Tomb of Ala-
aniier the Great, and faw his Boily, which lay cnihilmfd
there, in a Cafe of Giaiii It had formerly betn keptina
Ca(c of Gold i but that being ftolen by Scleuius Cvlic/c.'!!:,
who hail married an Egyptian Qiieen, this ol (ibis »4S
provided in its ttcad. But Augiijius would not be [cr-
liiailed to lee the Sepulchres of the Ptokmiis, nor to viii:
the Egyptian ,ipis, telling thofe who woiiki have had hini
done It, that he worlhijied the immortal (iml, .ind r.'t
Beads '. At the Ciofe ot the Month of .%'{//, «!«''. :::
left this Country, he ap|H)intcd Cornelius Galiui the f):ft(io-
vemor of the Province.

l>i9f-Ct^Mi, ubi jk^rm, ' ^t'-dhj^ /li kXiV. t'lut.ii^b. in ^i»:9ni3. L- Ftarui. t'tUeiui PaltKki' tklrtfiui, Oitr'iti ^ '■'

/«/./• M ./«/»•<•. • UiiH. Cfj/i^i, lii. li. I'tUtiiu l'.ilii>itUi. Iih.'n. f. .Sij. Onjiui, lit. si. t.l.) ' i'..«/<". . i> -^ '■"■■•

iittlcii.iltlltriii.j nJ Plftmrm, e S. t'lU.iiti Paltrmlui. * Uitm Ctj/ni,lii. i. Maatt)t4 igltinul, iii. l.t. U. 'il;.tt..ii

uii Infra, iiulinini. f.altyfiu.

S E c r 1 N

Chap. 11.

of the East Indies*

S E C T 1 O N IX.

4^?

J :: .•

%• Hipry of t/je Indian Trade^ at carried on through Egypt by the Red Sea, under the
Romans ; /^<; Manner of its Efiablifhment ; /^fig Pro/f/j dranun therefrom ; «« J ^^6^ DiJ-

covcrics made in Confequence of this Commerce. '"'." ' '7' ' '■ . "

, f/'f Romans little adiUEtidto Maritime Aff'ain before the fecond Punic War, and incited thereto chiefly
' h the Dijire of dcjiroying Carthage. 2. the ProgreJ's of their Naval Power, till they became Mafters of
the Si-a. J. The extraordinary Ejlahlijhmenti o/" Auguftus, for the Support of the Maritime Force of the
Roman Empire. 4. His Maxims for the Government of Egypt, conjidered as inviolable Law by tlxfuc-^
cading Emperors; and coJitributed greatly to the Prefervation of the Province, y. An Account of the
Expedition 0/ ./'Eliiis Galhis /«/o Arabia, the many Dijiculties he met with therein-, and the Confeqiiences
■n'bicb it produced. 6. The Ethiopians invade Egypt ; are repul/ed by Publius Petronius, the Roman
Prefe^, who penetrated as far as Ncpata, the Capital of Ethiopia. 7. The Fame o/" Aiiguftuj reaching
tlAnAks, Poriis fends Amlmfadors to di-ftre his Fricndjhip. 8. 'The Uiftory oj this Commerce continued to
the End of the Reign of Vefpafian, including the Em/>a//ies c/" Indian Princes. 9. An exaSl D^iJcription of
t!:c annual Fleets fent within this Period, to the In.iics ; the Nature of their Voyages -, the Sums employed
i".tbem, ami the Profit. 10. Objervations upon the State of that Commerce, within this Period; and on
tk O'jje^ions raifed againfl it by Pliny, i i. Of the new Chaneh of Trade opened jrom Egypt by the Ro-
mans, "Within the Compafsof this Period; and the Advantages derived from them.

H A T we may fully enter into the Wifdom of amongft them, was the univerfal RifTion -, and this it was,
that Policy (hewn by the Romans, in the Ma- that induced them to think, that there was fomething low
nagcment of the Aftiiirs of Egypt, and more and indecent in ail kind of Commerce But Sentiments fo
(Ipccially of the Trade to tlic Indies, whicii they improved rigid foftened by Degrees ; and thcfe very Romans, who
to t!i>' hiyhcft Degree poflible, confideriiig tlie State of would appear to conquer, merely to have an Opportunity
Maritime Affairs in thofe Days, it will be ncccflary to fiy of giving Examples of Probity, Difuitereftednefs, and

Moderation, bgan, at length, to vanquilh, in order to
procure the Delights and Commodities that they wanted ;
;ind that they migiit adorn Italy with the Spoils, and ren-
der her opulent, at the Expence of other Nations.

The Kuin of Carthage, which, however, was purchafcd
by Rivers of Blood, liibjefled to Rome all the reft oiAfric ;
whicli wa5of infinite Advantage, by fecuring to that proud
City a conllant Supply of Corn ■, and the burning of Co-
rinth, which followed afterwards, finifhed the Demolition
of Greece, and threw her into a Slavery fo much tiie more
galling, as for fo long a Tract of Time Ihe had been ufed
to command '.

With refpedl to the Conquefts made by the Romans in
/1/ta, they proved the Source of fuch immenfe Riches, as
were little known to former Times; and, with thtfe Riches,
were introduced at Rome, and all the princij)al Cities of
Italy, reiined Luxury, a itudicd Elegance, which dillufed
itfelf through all -, and was alike vifibic in Buildings, Fur-
niture, Drcfs, Gardens, and the Appurtenances to the
Table. The L,ove of Pleafure, that Pomp which flrikes
liyihrirOrtkr, to the Qirlhaginians : ' It is the Sea, the the Eye, and that Magnificence which ciptivates the Mind,

lunilhed the antient Severity of Manners ; and the Romans
became now more rich, more polite, more voluptuous ;
difdained the humble Poverty of their Anccftors, and be-
gan to form new Notions of Virtue.

In this, undoubtedly, they were happy beyond all other
Nations, that every new War not only led to new Con-
quells, but [taught them likewife frelh Improvements in
the Arts of Military and Naval Armaments : And thus one
V'ititory, by the Care and Skill they diicovercd in improv-
ing it, became the Means of obtaining many more. Thus,
for Inllance, when LucuUus triumphed over Alitbidrates,
he caufcd to be expoled, amonglt the reft of the Spoils he
had taken from him, one hundred and ten Prows of Gal-
lies, llieathcd with Copper. It is well known, that this it
was, th.it heretofore conftituted the great Force of Ships ot
War, and rendered them terrible \n the Day of Battle :
And as thcfe Prows wereealily taken off, they were, inths
Day of Triumph, tarried before the Victor ; wlio, befides,
had his 'Temples adorned with a Crown, oi Circle of Gold •,
on which were embolfed the Prows ard I'oops of Gallies,
intermingled one with another, which Crown was ftiled
Na'^ale, or Rcjlralt \

f)mftliing of the Rife and Progrefs of their Naval Power,
which liid not nuike any great Figua- in the World, till
the Beginning of the fecond Punic War. Before that
I inic, tliey had (hewed a very trivial, or fcarce any, At-
ttntiun thereto, either becaufe they were then wholly occu-
pirii ill extending their Dominions by Land; or, that the
iirll MislortDiies they had experienced on their own Coafts,
dil'gufteil them in refped to a 'Trade, where all Things arc
cxiwfal to Chance, and where theie is perpetual Danger :
Bt;t as their Genius led them .0 perlevere, in Support of
whatever th.y once difccrned to be certainly and incon-
ttlbbly ufetiil, they no longer abandoned Maritime Af-
tJ.rs when they found, tlwt it was pollihle to reconcile them
w/ii their \'icws and Interefls : And one may fafcly fay^
that it was to CV/Zi<»f ^, the Haugiuinefs and Obllinacy of
which gave them fo much 'Trouble, that they were chiefly
i:iucb'cit for this Obligation '.

When tlierclore the Senate of Rome took, at lafl, the
fatal ReUiKitiori of ra/.ing tiut City to its very Foundations,
titConl'iil C. M. Dgu'.us made the following Harangue,

■ minlity I'ower you li.ivc acquired thereon, the i'rea-
'fiinsyuu have dr.iwn from thence, that have hafl:ened
' viiir fall. It is the Sea, and the Powers that you pof-
' I S thereon, tlut tempted you to leize Surdinia, Hicily,
' .\.~..i/j ; tli.it lakiccd you to bre.ik your 'Treaties of
' K.iie ; to pillage our Merchant Ships ; and to endea-
' Viiiir t.) hide your Crimes, by drowiiinj'; thofe you found
' ciilKiar-l them. In one Word, it has iieeii your perfect
' kn(nv!uh',c <>• Mantnne Afiaiis, m.ide you regard no-
' ih;i:;j;eli-i and Itvl yi>u to place your (rlory in eommit-
' nn^iudi inifUucvoiis Acts, as liitherto we have not been
' !!u(.i)iiditi(,ii, nor had the Power, to puniOi \'

^ 1 Ihillnit pretend, heiv, to lun into a Detail of all
"le Kxpoditions (lit. red into by th.- Romans, after the
hmc Wars-, and m wiiith they lb. wed lo extenlive a Ca-
(Uiiiy, in theCoiuhi.t of their .Anns ; fo perteCt: a Pre-
■'"• ol Mmd, 111 ,'.11 Danger ; .md an Indultry lo happy in
-' 1"!', the Heart-: o! all IVople, .and making themleivts
«i :.;!iy i)!,<y,d \y; ([■^^,i-^ whom tliev lud rendered their

■■i-ttsliy lorce.' I ihall only oblerVe, that as ail their
'•I rjiri/fs li.id fomi- gre.it F.nd in N'lew, (b they never
'"■<d tok.eji gre.it 1 kcts ,it Se.i, under tlic Command of
*'* and ex;Kriunced Caiitains. 'The Love of Glory,

'/"..',' r.

\i-iU

•"t'PI. /.*. xvv.lii. rh: Efilvn -l.h \\\\. F.'or /,% i

Omjinl, lib. Vf. T.liticf.
""",' '"•'<■ ''""z M.ii!ct5 of Ilk- be,;, ..r.a tli.it A'om* ».i» but I.uel> io. '' nv. A;

^UMB. XXX. 5 .^

lih. iv.
':tpn. li. Flirui. l.h. ii. !'•
■fl.i, for Jill tiii.l.vl.t i'l'U

It is rvi.'.iiit from tl. Is Speech, that the

uniULii in A.->,t:iii. riin. hi:
.11 reilvinicJ ut bca.

I- It

■:,:1U^

^i6 TJje Difcovery, Settlement, anJ Commerce Book I.

' ■;•'"

mi '

■■Bw"f !l 1 '; '

i"' : ''!'

i ;

4:W i

"i. :■ '.

t !»ri!

3. Itw4<, however, rcftrvod for the Fortune ami Wif-
doni of .lugujiui, to unite all thofc Advantages, ami to re-
duce the Maritime, as wcU as the Civil Affjuri of the Rt-
mM Srate into a regular Syftem. This he was enabled to
do by the Fulnefs of his Power, as it was from tl>c evi-
dent Advantages derived from the prudent Ufc made of his
Power, that the Romans, under his Government, fi> Utile
regretted the l,ols of their Frcciiom -, for thefe Benefits
were then prcfint, and the F.vils afterwards tcit, were only
forefecn. This Maritime Syftem of Augt^us, confiftcd in
keeping always three numerous Squadrons, ami tholi: too,
in eve7 ref^K-ft, well equijn>etl, in conftant Keadinefs to
put to Sea for any Service, and in any Quarter of the Ro-
tHM Dominions, wliere they might be wanting. The firft
of thefe Squadrons w.as ftational at Frejns in the Narbttintn-
Jian Uaul, which was to reftrain the Inhabitants of tlic Spa-
tiijb Coalh, and of thofe Parts of Prtvinct and Languedot,
which are walhed by the Medittrraniim. The lixond was
at Cape M<//ina, tor the Security of the Navigation, in
that which was called the Le-^ery or Etrurian Sea : The
third at Ravenna, for fcouring the Ujfer Sea, wliiclj is, by
us, commonly called t!\c Adriatic '.

Befides thel'e two latl Squadrons, he kept, as we arc in-
formed by Ffgttius, always quartered near the Cajies of
Mtjina At\i.\ Ravenna, a certain Number of Soldiers, ready
to cinlvjrk at a Minute's Warning, who are called Ciafiarii,
or Mantles. Their Duty was to ferve at Sea, in which
they wrrr continually exerciled ; and this, for any thing we
know, was the tiril reguUr Inftitution of Seamen among
the Rtmans: For fo, in Fad, thefe People werej and
ought, thcrtiore, rather to belliKxl MarincR than Marines,
in the moiicrn Acceptation of tlut Word. Before this
'J'ime, Soldieis and Seamen were the fame thing amongft
the Remans •, or, in other Words, Soldiers handled the
Oar, wiun put on Ixwrd thrir Ships 1 hung their Shields
along the Sidis of their Velfels •, and refumed the Ufc of
tlunu and of their Swords, whenever an Opiwrtunity of-
fered lor th'.- making a Di fcent. But now this Difcipline
was in fonic mealure, altered, and thefe daffiarii vit:n
p;iit:i.ii'arly di limed to ferve on board thefe .Squadrons, in
ixith LajucuKs ■, tlut is, as Seamen, and as Soldiers : And
tin iclore, in the llnot and natural Senfe of the Word, they
nuy lie, very properly, called Marines.

There is anotlur I'oint of this Emperor's Difcipline,
whiel» denuiiKis our Notice, bccaufe it regards our Subjedt
more ne.iily than any of the reft. He was fenfibie, that a
<^re.it l'.ir[ or tiic Reman I'rovinces rcmaineil, in a manner,
liid .iiul uiuiilcovrrci! , by which the Inhabitants were in-
jufci!, an.! the public Revenues futfcred. He, therefore,
» quip(5ci Ships for making Difcovcries in Africa, towards
the hquator 1 others tor examining the Coall of Ewrope, as
Ui xstlieCimiiricanG^frfinej'us; and, laftly, a third Sort,
which were to fail up fuch Rivers, the Mouths ot which
were only known : The Vcflels employed in thefe Courfes,
were llilcd .Waves Lufori^. Ina Wonl, the Ramans never
undertook luch perilous or important Voyages, as under
th'. Rcign ol Augnjiia : That F.mperor, who effaced, by
his Virtues, and Oy his beneficent Aftioni, ail Memory ot
the Cru' Uks committed dunng the 'Iriumvirate, took
tar<: to lend into the moil dilLmt Provinces, M( n of the
moll quu k Md p-.netrating i'arts -, from whom he receiveti
a mod lint I re and accurate Detail of all that pafTcd there :
So that he WIS always poflTeflcd of the true State of every
Partol h.s txtenfivc Dominions-, and could judge what
was requiliti: to be done in them, either for remedying
prelei.t Ineonveniencics, or that future Advantages might
K- protuie.!. Siuh, then, was the State of the Roman
A'.Uits 1 lii.h the Cienius, Charader, and Condua of the
Prime, wiio was i;;in at their Head, when h^ypl was added
to tlie Dominions ot that State ; and thereby, in a man-
ner, iompleted tli.ir Conqu..ils.

4. .As th-; Reduction of Egypt into the Form of a Pro-
urn e was iiitir.ly the Wotkui .-tugufius, fo he conceived
hiinlcll at I jIxi ty to difpoie of it to whom he pkafcd ; and
to Ifttlc It as he thought proper. 'Jlu: Knowledge he had
ol til. Country, and its liihabimts, made liim regard this
.15 one ot til. iivj i difficult Points tlut ever Idl under Ins

Confideratiou. But his Parts, tho' flow, fervcj him li
effectually, when heconlidercd any Suliieclnutunly th!-
in this Cali; he k-ttled fo jull, fo excellent a J'j.in, ([,'( ,1 .
Government of Egypt was regulated ex;K-\lv accorJui., t >
his Maxims, by all his Succeflbrs. It woiilJ t.ike un^tno
much Time, and lead us too fir Irom our siihj.cf, jhouid
we attempt to explain the Manner in wIik h the I'rovimvs
of the Romun I'.mpirc were dillnbuted. It will ruiiiuuu'v
anfwer our Piirpole to obfervc, that lonie ol iliem w.r? if.
figncd by the .Sen.ite, ami others were ablblutely it th.
Will of the Prince ; which Method of DillrilHitii.n His
fettled by Augujlus, and tlut, at the Tmie of his kulm"
it, he refcrveel £;'v//, and alinoll all the Countries ilq^'iid^
ing upon it, to himfolf '.

The firft Maxim he cftablifticd with n iv'rd tn iri; („,.
vemment, was, th.it the Prefect (houKl be alwjys cliol':i
out of the Onler of Roman. Knights, from an Apprchfu.
fion, tlut if it was in the Hands of a Man of ureat fa-
mily and Int<rert, he might be tempted tu revoit ; n
which Cafe he foreliiw, that it would be extnimlydilRcUt
if not impodible, to recover that Province to tlu- fmnirc!
His fecond Maxim was, that no .Senator, or othir I'crfon
of Diftindion, (liould be permitteil, ujion any I'ntcnce
whatfoever, to enter that Province without a fjiccial Lj.
cencc, which was very rarely granted eidier by hini,orh:s
Succcflbrs. In the third Place, he took care, that tHcrc
fliould be but a fmall Body of Troops kept up there, lor
m.iny Keafons : Firft, the Country itfelf was very dcfenct-
-bic from its Situation j for its Coafts on the North hil
few Ports, and thofc very difficult to be entered ; and the
Navigation on the Coaft extremely hazardous and dan-
gerous : On the tjift and Weil it had the Arabian and Li-
byan Deferts, that wcir, in a manner, impalfablc. On
the South lay the Treglodylet, and other Nations, who
were rather dcliroiis of prcJervjng their own Freedom, than
inclined to invatie or dillurb their Neighbours; And, a
for the Ethiopians, the Frontiers of Eg^ft towards tlo
were narrow, well fortified, and eafily guardctl '.

Secondly, though tho People of Egypt were nitur.il!y
mutinous and Jcditious, yet they were tar from being ctj
warlike Nature -, fo that a few regular Troops wen-, at
all Times, futficicnt to reprcis their Inlolence, .and to keep
the Province quiet. Thirdly, while the S'rctcd hidbun
few Troops, and thofe, for the molt part, difpofcd ir.ta
Garifons, the Comm.imicrs of which were not ablblut:!/
under his Power, he lud little Probability ot maintaiiiipg
himfelf in the PolFellion of the Country, in cale his Am-
bition, at any tune, tempted him to lorget his Duty.
I its tuurth Maxim was, to change it< 'Jovernor frrqurntlv,
ttiat he might not have Time to toirn any SJiemcs to lii:
Prejudice of the l-.mpire, or Ix- able to rail'e any coiil'ulfr-
able Party among the Inhabitants. Uis tilth and hil
Maxim was, to make an abtolutr Secret ol the whcJt
Syltcm of Government in this Pro\ ince •, lb that mx
him, and moft ot his .SucrelTors, the Management ot .\!
fairs in Egypt was confidcral as one ot the great .\Iyllf!i->
of State, into which few were admittK-J, ami iio::ciK;:
fulfered to pry ^

It w.i$ atj,reea!)le to thefe M.ixims ti'.at !ic a['[o;nt.'i
Cornelius (Jallus the lirlt Cjoveinor ot tiie I'roviiue, a A'i-
man Knight, raifctl by hit, ovMi Mdir ami tlu' 1 mjiTori
Favour ; but of no gnat Family or Int.tell, and who;e
Talents were not ot a Nature to excite any JimIuuIvuI ">
uiidcr:aking gnat or danyrous Delij^ns : Vet this M '•'J
lu Id the (jovrrnment but a little whi!;-, and, when he lo:-
it, fell into alilohite Dilgr.ue. 'ihe .Mai'.,:tr in wliiih -■
directed the .Affairs of tlie Province, and tlie ncedleh Se-
venty he nude uJe of in cxaC^.ng the tirll 1 ributts thJt
were hvieil, occalioiird Tumults in the I'rovirxc, ar.J
Complaints againll him to the F.nipcror, whoimni-i'ia'.'y
Unil'.J'etromHi to fucceed him, when he had not l.cMtM
(iovernmeiit t<Hir Years. On t!ie Return ut Cit.isd 10
Rome, he very foolilhly cenfured tu.- Con^h.a ^^^ M":'"'^
upon whuli the Kinpcror tort id him hi. i'al< *•'> "i"'^''
him to the Judp,nuni of the .Senate w;th f 'i '■''^^ /"_ '*
Accufations tlut had been broii^'ji: ajjiir.ll Ivtn

f;r h;i

• I'ltn II ili.a n.

I'nt:.j( y.t .Viw/. lit r.

Male-adininillration in Egypt ; an .1 they euteicd lo win".)'
^ DhnXajT* , lih.Viu. ^il,ai>,lii. xsii. / ii^

ir.!o

Chip. II.

of t/je East I n d i e is.

427

iiio the rrofccutioB, tliat Ga.'ius, to prevent being fent
into Biuiilhiiient, threw liiinrcif upon his Sword, and died

on the Si>ot,

Advantage \ for his Defign was, that the Romani fliould
conquer a great Part of the Country, but with fuch Diffi-
The Zeal ftiewn by the Scute upon this culty, and under Juch Difadvantages, that they might be
OccafKHi was fo gratiful to the Emperor, tliat he returned weary of keeping it, and tlwt fo it might, with tha reft of
tiicm his Thanlts for it j and it 11 oblerved, that this his Matter's Dominious, fall into his Hands \ for he had
Oriulsm Callus and Salvidiouis Rufus were the only Per- already projcfteil the Poifoning of King Obodas, which he
f„iis aiven up by Augujlus to the Severity of the Lawsdu- afterwards executed. It is, alio, worthy of Obfcrvation,

'rina ^is whole Kcign i and it is very polTible, that the for-
mer in feme meafure, uict with his Fate to gratify the
gnplmtis upon their firft becoming Subjefts to Rome^ and
c whom he had rendered himfclf hateful.

fublius Pttioiiius was made Governor of Egypt in

that this Difeafc, which carried off fuch Numbers of the
Romans, was a Swelling in their Gums, their Thighs, and
their Legs, or, in plain Enghlh, the Scurvy. In the Be-
ginning of the Spring, when his Army had recovered their

Health and Spirits, Callus continued his March, biit

the YfiT before Cbrift i.6 and, in the Year after, Auguftus through fuch Roads, as made it abfolutely neceffaiy to carry

tbrmi da Defign, which very plainly (hews how fartiie In
iiat Triiie had already made an Impreflion uiwn his Mind.
He had been informed, that the Southern Arabians, that
is the /Iratians, who inliabitcd the Side of the Gulph op-
polite to Egypt, were a Nation very rich in Gold, Silver,
id precioui Stones : He, therefore, determined either to

a Supply of Water on the Backs of Camels, which was
another Contrivance of SylUus, who, if he pleafed, might
have (hewn them a much ealier and (horter PaiTage •.

After a tedious March of many Days, they arrived in

the Country of Areta, in the Neighbourhood of ObodaSf

who came thither to meet the Roman General, treated him

nuke them Friends to his Government, or to bring them with great Kindnefs, and made him many Prefcnts. They

unticrSubicdtion, by which means two very defirable Ends
would hiivc been anfwered i for, ia the lirft place, a very
rich Conimetic, and very commodious, would be fccurcd
to his new Subjeils s and next, he flattered himlclf there
«oul(i be fuch Difcoverics made, as migiit enable him ro
eitcnd either his Conqucfts or his Trade on that Side much
farther. As this Scheme of his was really of great Im-
pcriance, lo the Means he took to have it executed were
enccfdingly well contriveil, and pLiinly (hew how much
he lad rtmiied it. He knew that the Thing was difficult
in itfclf J and that, unlefs it was condudled by Perfons who
were well acquainted in the Country, it would ceruinly mif-
cjrry. He, therefore, dtreded IleroJ, King of yudea, who
had been always his fad Friend, to aflift in the Execution
cf till- Projeft i and g.ive the like Orders to an Arabian
^'inc, whole Dominions bordered on thofc Nations that
w - b'- artcftid by this Projeft, which rendered his Af-
""tlti, •: ore of the utmoft Iipportance *.

':. ^^ us, a Roman of the Lqueftrian Order, was the
Gt . .uit im this Expedition, for which Augujlus fur-
nlhcil hi<n with ten thoufand ot the Allies ; to thcfe were
added live hundred Men from Herod abovementicned,
and a thuufand more that were brought him by SylUus from
Ql/odti, Ring of the Nabaihean Arabs. Tliis Obodas,
bod liicccedcd Alulibus in the Kingdom, and Syllaus was
his chiet Minifter, and a Perfun of great Craft, Vigour
and Application \ He, knowing the Country, undertoolc to
be Galiiis\ Guide in tiiis F.xiKditton, and thereby made it
mifarr/by Intraying him in it. It was propofed to march
ihioujjh thv Country of the Nabatbtans, and from thence
10 riiicr 0:1 this Expedition \ but HylUus falfly informing
Cii!L>, that there was no fafe Pallage thither by Land,
t'us pt hiin un building a Fleet to pais thither by Sea -,
and thtifforc, having provided an hundred and thirty
Tunfi^rt? at CUopatris, a Port at the Bottom of the
AnUan Gulph, or Red Sea, he there put his Army on
burd tlicin, am! failed to iMcocome, a Port of the Naba-
thian:, hmg on the l-.atUrn Side of that Sea; This be-
ing a very ii.iiigtroiis Navigation, by rtafon of the many
R*ks and Siioals that are in that Pait of the Arahian
(•'.ilpli aiul .v,'.'j/a piloting liiin the word Way through
it, iic was tiitaii Pays in the Pallajjf, and loll I'everal of
hi5 Ships in It i and when he was landed, all his Army
Ijihng lick (f a Dileafe common in that Country, he was
tiricd to he by all the remaining Part of the Summer,
41.1 the Winter following to wait their Recovery ''.

\\c hive all tliefe Ciicumftantes from St>\ibo, who was
f^i: intimate I'rieiul ol (la!tu.<, and mull, theritfore have
t«ii ptikelly well acquainted with every thing relating to
ii'i» I xpcihtion ; and it is. his Obfervation, tlut tho* ObeJas
^^ vuy hearty in this Ati'air, yet leaving it, as it w.is
''jmuth the Ciirtom ot the Arabian Princes, to his Mini-
l'>r, he ventured upon thefc extraordinary Mealures, with
» view, as our Author conjefturcs, to his own private

made, from thence, another fatiguing March of fifty Days,
through a faiidy and defert Country, belonging to a King
whole Name was Sabits ; and then came into the Country
of the Agranians, the cliief City of which they took ; and
in this Country they found great Relief, being in itfelf very
fruitlul and pleafaiir, and inhabited by a People who were
naturally peaceable. Continuing their March lor fix Days,
they came to a River, where, for the firft time, Hiey faw
an Enemy -, for, the neighbouring Nations, having heard
of their Approach, affembled to Hop their Paffagc ; a
Tattle enfued, in which the Arabians were routed, or ra-
ther flaughtered ; for here were ten thoufand of them
killed, with the Lofs of no more than two Remans : The
Barbarians, indeed, were armed with Lances, Swords,
Bows and Slings j but they were naturally a timorous
People, and made but poor Ufe of their Weapons. They
took foon after the City of Afia, the King having aban-
doned it ^

Thence they marched to Atbmlla, which they took
without any Trouble ; and, making it a Place of Arms,
they provided themlelves there with Corn, and other Ne-
ccflaries. Thence they moved on to Marfibas, a City of
the Ramanitanians, not far from llafarus,, which Place
they befieged for fix Days, and were then obliged to de-
camp for want of Water. The Treachery of the Guides
being by this Time fully dete^ed, they took another Road
in their Return, and, in the Space of fixty Days, reached
the Port of Nagra on the Arabian Gulph, though they
had been fix Months in penetrating into that Part of the
Country, from which, without any great Difficulty, they
returned in two. There they again embarked, and in eleven
Days, and without any Accident, arrived fafely at Myos
Hormos : From thence they continued their March to Cop-
tos, and fo back to Alexandria.

yElius Galliiis brought home with him, after two Years
Abfence, but a Ihinll Part of his Army, having loft the
reft, not in Battle, but by Hunger, Fatigue, Sicknefs, and
the Hardlhips they endured ; for, in the whole Expedition,
there were no more than feven fell by the Sword. After all,
there was but very little gained by all this Labour, either
in point ot Conqucft or Difcovery -, which was abfolutely
owing to the treacherous Arts of Syllaus before mentioned,
who, being at Rome Ibme Years afterwards, and there
charged with thele and other Offences, and fully con^ifted,
fuffered an infamous Death, the juft Reward of his luper-
lative Wickednefs '. Yet, as unfuccefsful as this Entcr-
prize proved, it w:a undoubtedly a well laid Defign ; and,
if it had taken Effedt, muft have contiibuted greatly to the
opening a tree Commerce throughout the whole Guiph,
iioni the City Arfinoe to the City of Ptolemais ; and, as
i^.t>\ibo iikcwifc fuggefts, it would have afforded a lliorc
aikl eafy Pafl'age acrofs the Streights of Habel-Mamlel, to
the Region of the Troglodytes ; the Raiudtion of which
mull have been very advantageous, bccaufe, as we Ihall

P !""''!.-'"'•''' '''^•/' S'- ^"'i'" It .Itt^uh, c Od. The IcirneJ Cu/ui/Aoo liai confounili'd in his Note* upon Siraho thi« Corniliut, the
"'"•'■"' • ' ■", iiiid hiiiili-ll :i'. fjtiillitu I'wt, ttiili Ju'im C.iUui, of whom we aic to Ipi'jk iinincdiatvly i and, indci'd, the iVIilhkc was Ml/,
' ■ i-ucti:,g ti,-, ..at of thi- (.mie Njnie, (tourilh d at the lamr lime, and were both I'rtWls ot" Frrff. * 'J'/'t^- -''"''I- 7>^- ''*• "■ .

i'/jw, :.r. HI /. -fV. ■ />;,,. I. }^': .,,lib. till, Strata, lib. Avi- f -io, 7»i, lib. t.\u. p. S19. "• StruU. Dim, Caj/ius,

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418 Tbc Dilcovery, Settlement, artJ Commerce Book 1,

S ■-:'^ I

E'-IJ

Pf'' -pi I

I 'fin 'J

Ihiw very fi^ecilily, thi- Commerce of tlut Cmmtry, whfn
OIK nil!, provcil vtry bmdicial lo the Egyptians. One gotxi
h.ifct, antl, |icrha] s the only one that toUowaltrom this
l'.x|)ctlition, was, tlie fprtaiUn^ the lame ot the licmans,
anil ot' .-.'ujti/l us, through the Jndi.s *, which proiluced two
livtral iMLbafTics ; an Honour the Remtins never rcceivetl
bdort-, anii which might, viry probably, operate favour-
ably tor their Coinmi ret •, anil, it lb, the F.xjKnce ot" this
Undertaking (which tell, however, moflly on the Allies)
was not wholly thrown away.

0. But \\hilc Ailm$ Callus was endeavouring to extern!
the A'ffm4» ConqiielU in Artibia, thtrc hapi>eiKil a very un-
looked iot Invalion in E^pt- Candiu<,Ci\Ken ot Eibstfta,
tor this, it ftems, was a Name common to thole I'rinceffes,
as Qiopaira to the Qiircn of Egypt, made an Imiption
into tl-.c Frontiers of the Province, and carried oft" three
Cohorts ot Romiin Soldiers trom Syena, EUplaiitina, and
PhiUs, wliere they likcwile threw down the KmiKTor's
Inviges. As 'bon as Paronins, the I'refert of Egypt, was
informed of the Invafion, he marched with near ten thou-
liiiui Foot, and alx)Ut eight hundred liorl'e, in onler to
come up witii the I'jiemy, though they were upwards of
thirty thoji'and. They were not much inclined to fighting,
but rttirtd Ix tore liim to the City of PfeUa, where they
made a Halt : There Petremus lent Kmbafladors to lit-
manil the Prilbners, and to know the CaufeS of the War.
B;it finding that Negotiation would do nothing, and having
v/aitcd three Days as they defired, without ix-ceiving any
iati-tad< ry Anfwer, he refolvcd to attack them, as he ac-
cordingly did, and defeated them intircjy. They were,
in ttuili, v.ry poorly armed, moll of their Shields being
made ot raw fjides lan.i, torotVenfive Weapons, they had
t'om- Swords, fome Pole-axes, and ("omc nothing but long
Sticks, fo that they were fpecdily routed ''.

Many wrre taken in this F'.ngagement, and fent by
Water to .■llexandna; but moll gut into PftUti, which was
t'oon takm ; and in it an infinite Numlicr of People of all
]\anks. Fiom hei ce he advanced to Prnnnis, a Place ex-
cceiinVjily ftrong by .Situation ; in the Neighliourhood of
which tlicie aie many Mountains, which licini; blown
by the \Miu!s, on the Army of Cambyfts, buiieii a great
Pait of thciii i which lorted him to a precipitate Retreat.
This Place nduccd, he marcl'.id forwards to the Royal
Ciiy Ncratu, where Candact, and her Son, then were. She
now i,fi"ereti totiL.ir, anil to riltore the I'riloners, a.id the
Statues of the F.m[)cror. I'ettonius, howivcr, attackeil
and plundind tlieCiiy : From whence the Son o\ Candaie
privately tk<l. i laving now |.icrced near eight hundretl
Miks mil) the Fjieiny's Country, and finding it grow very
fiili ( f Wooils and Dellrts, and the Weather proving ex-
tremely hut, he i!ettrmincd to reti:rn, .ifter piittmg a (lion"
Cianli)!! ii'to Picnmis, and cauling it to Ix: v:ctiialicd lor
two Ycirs, tiiat he might have a lure P.ifl'agc into Ethio-
pia; ar.d ih;n he niaahfd Litily fxiek to .lUxMdna. 'I'lirre,
having divided the Pril'uners, he lint a rhoufand ot th.-
ch;et i)t ti'.ein to .lupijtus, who was tlien jiill rcturm-d out
ot Spain ; Init of th.elc many died by the Way. The rcll
o! the Pritontis wire iJd by the ,S.jMi(!rs, into whofe
1 lands ti-.ey u!', to the Ai^iount of m.iny Thoulands.

Hy le.iv.Kji; u,ur In.ndred Men m Pranms, he provided
f ttcctually .iiz.mul any future Irruptions o\ Ethiopians ; for
he iorei'aw, that howcvir ti.rritiiil they might be, wiiilc he
cor.tmuai «fitii an .Xrmy m tluir Cu.intry, they would, not-
v.ithllanJing, return tuthtir former tunous i )iljv)rnion, as
foon as that Chrik was withdrawn. In this he was tar
from Ixint^ nr.iLikm-, fur when it w.u known, that he was
returned to .llexandna, thtn Candtue immediately drew
logt'ier the whole lone ot lur l-mpirr, and man hed it
down to Premiii', whidi lay towards the Frontu rs ot
E^ypt, and I eiitgcit it. We have already ha.i an lillance,
th.it t!ie tjhicpians were no great Soldi- ti in the Field ;
a:i,l therelore we may eafdy nm..ive, th.it tiny were inea-
paM ot re.iu. !uf;, a torrrr I'i llrengthened by Works, after
t le A cwaff Manner, and well fupplicd w;th Men and I'ro-
viHons. A great deal of lime tiiev fpriu hetore it, with-
out enaking any great Pr'>grers ; ai'.d the HomAn Preta't,
luving IntMliijtn.c of what lud happened, m.niediatJy

i^! ;: i !

• I r' «!! 1' \ST.« pr'!>..tjl) i,*.i

t„ il... I

I'I Jii.on,
" Mfv hti uti

collefted his Forces, and moved tosvards It, in orcVr
raifc the Siege. On his Approach, the Ethiopian \mi
quitted the Place with the utmoll Precipitation ; ami
fiH)n as they were at a fafc Dillanee, Cnnda,/ fent [o{r2
from the Reman (General, what his Demands were; im]
upon what Terms (he might hope for Peace. Pftrav
anfwered, that he formed no Preten Pons im the Ftbiopa,':.
and that what he had done was in Difcharge of hisIVy'
and for the Prcl'ervation tf the Remtin I'lovince. ^s,(',
the reft, he could not pretend to pro^jfe anvTmis,'
Peace, Init they mull be content to fend their Knihaliji'n ,
to C^r'ar, in onler to excufc what was paft, and ki;oiv ' [
Plcaiiire, as to their Conduct, in Time to conic, rii j
ama/.ed Candace more than the W'.ir ; She deelarn! th t
(he knew not C*far, or where to feek him -, ami inn'li
to doubt whether this was not an evafive Anlwirgivai, t.
furnilh themleb'es with a Pretence for roncnirrin!»'h
Dominions. But Pctronius quickly rated herof thilr .\i<.
prehenlions, by offering to fend her F.mbafTadors to C> > ;
and to conclude a Peace rill their Return. This Vrnml,
was i-eadiiy accepted, and the Fmballadors dit'patduii r!
the Reman Camp ; with which the Ethiopian War irnltii
and the Province was again reftored to C^iet '.

We have an Account of this F.xjicilition, ami of t^it
Kmbalfy (cnt by Candace to Jui^njiiis C.rfar, m the Nam-
ral I lirtory of Pliny' •, but he fiys not a Word ot the In-
vafion ; which, however, is fully related hy S:ra!-o, who
was, of his own Knowledge, inrfeiitly acqu.iinicd with
thele Matters; and has recorded them very faithfully. By
this War, as he jullly obferves, the Rittians came to be at-
quainted with the Nations lx)rdcring on E^^pt, and w-o,
by Ixing fulxiiied by the Etl'iopuim, now p.iiTcJ iiri-:
their Name. In confequencc of this, they were unJ:-
ceivfd as to the ftrangc Reports they had Ii.-arJ, ol t.'i;
Strength and Courage of tliclc People ; tiir they to»r.J
them halfnaketl, badly armed, far from Ixing of an;r-
tial Difpoijtion ; livi-ig in Tents, on the I'rod'.ice oi th;:
Herds and FIcKk'. ; anil quitting their Ji;^!tations,ist.-,:
Convcniency of feeding tliofe 1 Lrds and FlocU, dn&J
them. Th<y likewife I'.iw. that tlieir lilarkC.ittle, .Slur,
and every thing but their Dogs, were of a ilwariilh j.'.:
diminutive Kind, as well as the I'cople tlicxielv^s, who,
with the Helji of a rtrong Fancy, might have [nlllxl !,r
Pygmies : So th.u, here, ail tlicir Terror wore off ; r.J
they concluded tliemf"elves fully able to maintain t.hc Fron-
tiers of the Roman Province, againfl all its tnctiii;s ca
this Side. But, however fatislicd the Romjn Soldiers trig::
lie of all this, who refided in Egypt, and were Kyc-w;;-
nefl"rs of thefe 'Things, yet the l.e.irned at Ronif I'ill fol-
lowed the l-iiflions of the Greeks; and therefore ?..•«
("jKaks of fome Nations without Notes, (jthers w;tha:
Mouths, and fome without 'I'ongues, that livid bcyo:: 1
the Mountains on the other Side of Eitiopia, tcwarsis ;;.?
Red Sea : All which Fiftions I attribute to the imlahr."
Aeiounts they received from the People on the hor.t.t-,
between Egypt and Ethiopia, as to various Kinds ot .Apes
anil Monkeys. One thing, however, this Fxpl::(.n
plainly eftcfteil, that it extmdcd the Knowledg: ot t:.:
Romans boo Miles, and drove thelc Monlkti I'o nvj.s
t.irther.

7. When Jug: Jus lud fjttled hisGovernmrr.'at A'.";..
and obtained, in a legal way, the f i|)reme .\'.it:;or:fy n'^ t
theF.mpire, he beg.in to think of vilitingihi-Fall.whtrsr,:
had many 'Things to fettle •, and accordingly, iiithetrnM
Year of his Admiiiil^ration, and in the t\vcniy-fir!l M"[-
Cell!?, having devcdvcd on //grippa tlr- .-M-airs ot tlit^^--
.itigujlus went as far as the Ifland Unma, in his journey b;
ward, and there he paired the Winter. Whilehc wasa:.-..
mos, came the Fniban^idors from Ca)hiueS^<:f:n ot hlh'.'.A
to exeiife what lud hap^Kncd in that Cmmtry, andt()i<i
a l'e.iie; which he granteil them very readily, and t.v
Fmballadors returned into their lAvn Country, l''" ^i
.Amazement at the Sight of the Power and Glory ct '■•:
Roman Prince: .And it w.is owing, in all Prob.ibilitV. ^J
til. ir Report, on their Return ti(,nv, tiiat a lirni I'c.ut-i-
liied Ixtwfcn the Ethupians and the HomMi in the Pruv.r.e.
ol E^pt, wlin.li lubfufcd tor many Yeaii. '1 he nat i'^

►i>,.'. (V-' '••''''• '''=*■

tlut Putm fftit the Km!)4nV Iicrcaftcr nicmn.ncJ.
'*■ ^ iti/. VI. iw/*. ;'^,

Chap. II.

of the East Indies.

4ip

jmijlus went into Syria, fettled the AHFairs of the Empire ricd on from E^ypt to tliofc Countries, through tlic Red

with the Parll>iM Monarch, and recovered tlic tnftgns, Sea, innead of being intirruptcd or rclhaiiK^d, was pre-

which he lud taltLii Ironi Craffus'. fcrved and protcCUd by the Romans, alter tiicy had re-

Tliis Iprcati his i-'anu; over oil the L.aft, infomucli, tliat duced Lgypt into a Province.
fjraj, King of India on this fide the Ganges, who hail before Petmiius ctid not liold the Government of fjjv// long ;

luit an Lmbally to toniplimcnt hini, thought proper now for in the Year before CbriO 1 8. lie was llicceedtd by /AV/«f

to Unil a Isi-oiKi time, iioni an Apprehenfion, probably, that Callus, ol wliofe Kxpedition into /Irabia wc have already

/m(/.'«jnii[!ht imitate ///«<;«</«•, and attempt to penetrate given a large Account. This ciLbratetl Governor of

,',s i,ir as the Imhis. Ot thele F.mbalfadors only three lived ligypt was the Patron and Friend of Strabo the Geographer,

I execute their Commilfion •, and, finding /luguftus at./«

^Geographer,
whole Work we have already \'o often quoted, and which

lioib, there delivered him the Letters ot King Porus. It we (hall be obliged t(j mention fiequently, before we bring
appears trum hence, that, according to the oriental Cullom, this Chapter to a ConcKifion. Ihis learned Man was a
i\rui was tiie common Name of ail the Princes ot that Native of the City of /Inmjia in Pontus, a Stoic Phiio-
Li'untiy : And it likewile thews, that tiierc were no great fopher % and jiiftiy famous for his excellent Geography ;
Kcvolutiotii in thole Parts of the World, fince the tiime to qualify himlelf for writing which, he not only ftudicd,
Kir.gduiib continued for tlic Space of three luii)dred Years. as his Book plainly tliews, the bid Writers on that Science*
III ihis Letter from Porus to Augujtus, there was firtt fct that were then extant ; but had likewile travelled through
forth tiicGiantleur and Powerof the /«<//rt«Prince,whiclicon- mofl of the Countries, which he defcribes: That is to fay,
i.lL'JinhisluvingunderhimfixhundredpPttyPrincesi which Weftward, (wm Armenia to that Part of I:a/y, which is
luiiic nioJtiii W riters have compared to the Uajalis, now oppofite to the IQand of Sardinia ; and Soutiiward, from
lubject to the ^-reat Mogul ; but I cm fcarce think, that tlie Eiixine Sea into Ethiopia. Tiiis laft Joijrney he made
tiids Princes c .Id be fo confulerable ; tor then the Empire in the Company of /Eliiis Callus, who went to take a View
ot rvriu mult have ken very cxtcnfive, and mufl conle- of the Frontiers of Egypt, as far as Syene -, all wliich Cir-
ijaiitly have fwallowed up that' of Sandracottus, which cumftances of Strah's Life we learn from hiniielf j and
liiakii lb great a Figure in antient Hillory, and with which thefe lerve to (hew, that he mufl have lived to a very great
vxRomm could not but be well acquainted. It feems there- Age, fince he publiflKd his Work in the lieign of -Tiberius^
\.K, to mc, vety probable, that thefe fix hundreil Princes and pretty late in that Reign too '. He is alfo thought to

have written Ibine other Books, particularly an Hillory, fome
Patfages of winch aie citeil by jvfephus , but this isperiOied
loni; ago, to the incxpieiriblc I ,ols of the learned World ;
for he was (b accurate a Writer, and took care to be (o
perfeflly informed as to every Facl he related, that what-
ever fell from his Pen, mull, on tint account, have Ixcii
extremely vakiabif and ulllul. We m.iy hkewite fee, from
tills licond F.xpeditioii of Callus, how attentive die R<,-
»'aus were to the Concirns of tliia Province, and how de-
wau'.ijtiuiii; he could dcfire of him, with which lie would firous of being acquainted with every thing that belonged

vcie r.o more than the 1 ieaiis or Chiefs of fo many Towns ;
and, taken in this Jjenli;, the Flmpire of Porus was jufl twice
1, big as wlien it was I'ubdued by Alexander. Alter this
iJiipi.iy ot his own Greatiiefs, the Indian Prince acquainted
.iirjijlui, that he was moved by the Fame of his great
Actions, to fend tliis fulemn F.mbalTy to requell his Friend-
lliip, and the Acceptance of the Pretents, which attended
ki diiiii;)!; hiin to believe, that he had conceived the
iighell RdptCt for his Perlon and Power, and tliat tliere

not r.-ai!il)' comply ''.

T!ij I'nlJits, which accompanied this Letter, were borne
I y eight biaves, and confiiUd ot I'ygers, which were then
till! ken by ihe Rcmansy Birils of a prodigious Siz^-, Scr-
I msi'.itccn Feet lon^, and Shells of Toitoifes (our Feet
j,l an hail over; which Prefents leem to have been
( i.nihfai rather to deter, than to invite tlie /^cwrt«i into
1.1.' cuuntry Irum win nee tiiey came. Amongfl the F.m-
b,;irtCu ii, that were lent or this Occalion, there was a
B..;di:iian, whom Dion Caffius, in his Miltory % calls Zcr-
r.MUi \ but Styai'o, as wc Ihall fee, calls him by another
Namei wiui was fo well plealed with the Reception he met
»::ii, liut !;c tollowtd Jugujlus to Athens -, and there,
I !vi"t', laiiled hi^ tiineral Pile to be pre| ared, he told the
i.::;p'.ror, tiiar, Isaving hved to a gooil okl Age, and never
liJNn^' txivrkiieed the Frowns of Fortune, he judged it
ir.ipiT, as a wile Man, to put it out of her Power to give
!;:iii aiiy Ii llmce of her Inconllancy, by voluntarily em-
i' .ini;[;l)^ath, while he was yet in the PolTedion of Flealth
r..\ .S::\n[;th, ami, which he valued much mere, the lull
itcreik- ol his Fauihns. In all Probahihry, he emulated,
i.i iii:5 .'\ctiun, the Heady Braveiy of Calanus, who died
" lae l:ke manner, in the Prclence of .llesrr.der the Great.
i!'i.vivir liiat may Ix;, ceitain it is, thai he (hewed no
iiit-o: (lancy and Cour.ige i tor, coming out naked, and
i;i Buviy aiioiateil, ;b it h" h.ul been goiiiL; to Flxcrcile,

to It.

Indeed the fecuring to Rome all poITible Advantages from
fo great an Acccfrion of 'I'erritory, fcems to have been one
of the principal Ohj^cls of the Policy of Augujlus ; for he
took care to eftabhfh a regular Commerce between Rome
and Alexan.'.ria, as well for the fake of a continual Supply
ot Corn, as for the bringing tliither the Merchandizes, that
they acquired by tlicir Induin Trafnck ; lb that, as we llrall
fee heiealtcr, many of the Rcnuias themlelves, who hitherto
h.id not been much addiifted to iradc, were, with the Sight
of thefe rich Commodities, induced to embark their 1-or-
tunes therein, becoming thereby Piincipals in this Sort of
Traifick, and making ule of the A'^ji/Z/j); Merchants as their
F'aftoni. I'lius we h.ive fliewn, how this Trade came into
the Hands ot the Romans, .uid what Pains were taken by
Augujlus to little and taure it, by reducing, it it had been
pollible, the Nations on the oppofite Side of the Arabian
Gulph, whole Piracies were the only Evils, to which it
remained expoied ; and how, by t!;is Care, a new Turn was
given to the Temper ol t!ie Romans, who, in fuccceding
Times, became as active and vigorous in the Management
of this Bulinef , as they had been before unattentivc to
any thing of tins Nature. But it is time for us to take our
Leave of the Reign of Augujlas, of which we have already
laid lb much, in order to give the lieader, in as few \\ ords

as pollible, an Account ot fuch F"acl:s as relate to this Sub"
•nimmteJ tlu- Pile, wlureon he laid hmil.if down ; and jec'l, and are recorded in the Hillories of iucceeding Em-
-e '.King ft tlmeto, he w.is conliimed to Aflu':. Ihe peiois: Alter which we ihall [.roceed to an exiet Delcri-
;.(<;:.(.v;.t, alloiiillud at this Adlion, eredted a lomb to ptioii of the Manner in wliuli this Trade was carrieil on by

t!ie Roman Factors i and give Ibme Account of the ijn-
inenle Profits that annually refulted from it.

Tiberius, who fuccecded Augujlus in the Pofieir.on of the
Reman Empire, was not of a IJilpofition to forget or leave
unimproved any Part of his Dominions, much Ids a Pro-
vince capable of yielding fuch Advantages as E^ypt, in
the Management of which he fteadily purliied the Maxims
of his PiedecelTor ; tor fo careful was he to prevent any
Danger, that might arife from the fending a Peifoii of
confiderablc Rank to govern that Couniry, that he ir.ade

l". Maiiary, which was (landing in the Days of Piutareb,
v.viDlayimitiiing, however, of any Inlcriptujii \ but 6tr:ibo,
«..'i lived at the very tiiiie, has picdrved it in his excellent
^'^""k, .iiull.iys itrandius: //?rf /;« Zaimanothagas, an
l:"iun cf liargol.i, \iho, acecrding to the Ciijium uf bis
(::>'::r;, the Inuies, vcLiinarily quited this Life\ Jr is very
<:'r> t.'om tim \\ hole of this 'J'r; (aitlion, that the Fame
''KV'lUis had extended itfclf into the molt dilkuit Parts
fjll, that were at that Time known to the Euro-
i anil trcm hence it is evident, Uiac the Trade car-

cl
c! t

• "'■■, i'h. II. f •^•i. 'r,,Ji, Jnnai. Ith. ii. c I. Ji'Jfln. Uh. vlii. e. I.

I'm UjJw,, ub, jufr. "

':■'*'■ W 11. p. no. 117. xvii, /. SlO.

■> attal.1, lii. kv, f bH'J. I'^ulanh^ lit ^Itxandr:

^ Stiah, lib XV. /. 7S9. Dim CaJHid, lil\ liii. p. ;;;

' Strah, tU\ xii.

i'i.

t'lgi'. lit liijl. Crut. lib. ii.

Choice

. I

,1'' '-,

ili' '1

b|h '.1

Ii;

450 The Djllovcry, Settlement, ^W Commerce Book}.

4.<

4 2^ !( *

< ,

Choia- (;f ore ol h;s l-ri-a!ir,cn lor tlut Kiuploymi-nt: AikI
wlicii his Niplifw (;<-nthmiiHS took the l-ibcrty ol viUtin|^
th.n I'rovii'.ti: without askin;'. Ins I. cavf, he irpnmaiuial
him for it viry kvcidy ; ami it is with j-ckaI Kufon Uip-
pjl'c.!, th.it it was { hivl'ly truin the Surjmion he K-nfiival
t.n aciviint v\ tl\;s Joiiiiuy <'t his into /'.J.v/'/, i!iJt he
raiilal him to h: i>oiioiicii ; lo jfalous lie was (A any In-
fliii;us i.ito tlicStjt ■ ol a Couiitiy that tuiiiilhcil hiin with
t) uraia Rcvt-mn.- '. , , ^ ,

Q:.'tj;ii'(i, thf S()n of Cerwrniuii.', wlio fiUTcrilci! T/*f-
r;«.r, tiio' in all i iiu t thin-',', as had a i'lincf as lie w.is a Man,
y>t imoiMa^Hl aiui i'tiiii\k\l Coninune, kapini; always
a ibia I )\- to tlif imntiiiK- l<'ra- ol the l''.iiipirc,_wliich,
uraliT him, was at its r^n.\'t:[\ lliif-lit. With r rpi-ft to
Ep'Pl, I-' iinJndooil tlic- Worth ol the Country lo will,
aii.t ha>l lo true a Notion of its .Sironj;tli, that wlitn he
hail umrUcil hnnull univi-ifally o>hous to his SuhiuUs, he
hai Thoughts of rctiiinn thitlu-r, in onl' r to liavr jiallld
tlK'ic t!i:- kcm.iin.iir oi his D.iy^ ; but hr was cut olVhy
a fuililcn Confpiracy Kfore he coiilil cx.xiitc his Inti ntioii.

It is uncertain wlicthir O'ipu'j, or his Muciilbr CIju-
ifliis, Ixj-an the Cullom of kttino; the Revenues of ^^v//
lo l-.inii -, bur, crt.iin it is, that they were lelt out in tins
nianmr uiuler the K.'it-.n ot the l.:tter; which pniiluati,
a(i!iieni.illy, a very ixtraoniinaiy Uileovery. 'Ihin- was
orK' .,'ni.tus Pii..tTt::t! wlio larindl the Ciillotns dt th. KcA
.Vi',;. anii wlio, on tlut Auuiint, vihtiil the Loall in a
\AX<\ of his own ; and Iv.ing onu- on the Shore nt JraHti,
«.n ibmc Bulnvls r-htrig to his Otlke, he w.is fmiJinly
ilriven to Sea by a tlroiv; North Wi;i-i, whiihbluwin^; lur
illrvcn Days togLther, he was thr..wn lirlt on the C-allof
Cjr:tui!i!it, and tnen on a certain Illan-l, m a I'ort of whii h
lie ca.r.e to an Amiior •, tlie Name <l the Port, as he was
inlormeJi by the Iiu'ubitants, bun^ Hippurus : I le was there
viiy kindly er.trrtamed bv theKi;i{;ol the Country tor fix
Mentis, who iuniiflied liini with whatever he wanted, and
w.s ixtrenu'ly deliglited with th; Aerounts he I'.ivc hiin
t; t'.c }<,!!:.: '.J, an.lot tlnir I'owvr ; but wl-.it flruek hiiii
jiioit was, tlie Siirht of tl;e AVot.w Coin, K amearinf; to
l.i.n a veiy fingular tiling;, that tliou^h the hveral I'leics
Were of the lame Weiglit a:.vl Value, yet, by iluir dillVr-
cnt JmprelTion?, tliiy flicwal, at lirif Siyht, by whom
and on v. hat Occalion they were coined ".

'1 las, and the I'.xplications ^ivcn him by PUcamuSy in-
('iiccd him at lall n>--t only to jiroviili.- for the late Return
of the Ri'iitn \::\o his own Country, but enyaj;ed him
liki wifi: to lliul li-ur Knib..(l"adors to Rcmc, the ihiet of
svh(;m was one Rad'iii:, who w.is a Man ot great I'igiire
in th.i! Country. It licms, Irom the Account that Finn
has i^iven us of this y\dventurc, that he had lien and coii-
verf.d with thofe, who hail v.liat he relates liom the Moiith
of tins Raclias. The moll remarkable I'oints mentioiied
by liiin weretiiefe : '1 hat the Illand he eaiiie liom ton-
tain-, 1 live hundred };rcat Towns ; tint it had a Ijiaiious
Port on the Soutli Side belonging to a City taileil I'au-Ji-
munJ.um, which was the Capiul ot the Illand \ and lo p i-

f)uliius, that it was eth-rnuil to cor.tain not K wir tliaii two
mn.'.red thouland Inhibit mts. In the Ntn^hlwuiiiood i.f
this City there was a Lake called .U(_;';j.''.j, two hun.lud
I'viny-hve Mil':-, ri CiieiimteriiKe, mwhuh :here wire
Jeverai Iflards vu;, Iruittul in I'alUire. Out of this I .ak<:
there ran two Kiv( rs one to the South, tailed Palij.iiunliSy
whirh fell it^to the Sea by three MiAiths, on one ol which
ftood the City calkd by tlie fime Name, the liiullell of
thtle IxiPR of the Bre.-.vUh ot live Stadia, and the l.irgelt
filte'n. '1 he (jthLf River ran Nonhward* toward, the
Continent ot /'/<;'.■«, called C-.iuf.t. (Jiipolite to the Illand
there ran a large I'ron.ontory ol /»u><7, called C.ol.iuum,
d.ilint four Days Sail ; and m the nudll of the I'alfa^e
there lay an Illand Ikreil to the Sun.

'liic Sea on the Coall was of a very deep (ireen, with
Trees at t.he Boacx'ii, the Uranclie-, ot which were I jmc
times bt ..t n olY by liie I Ic.ids ot their Ships. '1 he Si^ht
111 t!u- Northern (.onlhllatioiis lurpnfcd the tmlulladors at
Rcmf very iiiiKh, and Lrrned to them like a new 1 leaven.
In th< ir own Country, they laid, they obfervcil the Munj
only lioin tJ/.-nghtli to the lixteeiuh Day, and Ipoke n.udi

• 7...//. SutI I'rlltiui Patf.-u.'ji. ' HJ. .\ai. /.i. vi. r. ij,

of the bright Star Canopus, whi> h wat vifihlc in tluir H
iiufphere. ilut what moll ania/.ed th.in was, the f '
of tluir Sh.idow.s to the North i and that the Sun nV"'^
■ I.Alt, and 11 1 to titc Ri-^ht. i hey aiHrnirii ' "'

tut i,V

Ciialf ol their Illand, oppolite to the Contimnt'ol /r'.
was ten thouland Stadia in Extent, and that it r^'auRi'!'
wanls the South-call Ix-yond the l:mod:(tn Mci'-j'!
'1 hey added, tli.it tlie Country of the .Vr« U „!,.„'
4ii{i;ht of them ; and Racbi.is atliriiied, that l.is lot' '
Imd traded with thim. He laid, that the Uamirv i' u
bited by that I'eople was much inKlled hy wild Iiu •
that the Stris were of .i {Gigantic Stature, red-hairtd^ t;i"
I'.yes blue, and their N'oices ho.irfe and luijjh, lotiatth '
Wire unintelligible to Stranprrsi tliat in other nfjciMily
were like other .Men, anti tradid tairly ; for wlienCni'io
liities were laid down on their Si,tc the River, tluvcirt
ami took them away, it they hk-d tlum; aiui Idt w 1 j'
Chanel cMoU}j;h to llitify thof- who bnninlit tlifni. A,,,,
the lilaj-.d liom whence tluCe Jvmball.tllors cam', Vm'
tells i,s, tlut ;t was 1 .iprclnwo \ ant tlut (ioM anJsix'r
was (lleemed theie, as well as at Ro:i:e, which he tll-lj
liran!;ei as alio precious Stones, and I'tarl, ti'tiiaa
it they were brij'ht and tranlpaient. I le tills t^'ijnhi
tiiat the Ivinbaltadois were wont to lay, that tliirc (ui
pieater i'lenty ol Kiehes m their illand, hut that tli,- A';.
imiiis ni.ule more nil- ol them. 1 luy liktwile oil'.iwi
that tluy iud no Slavts air.orj;!! ihem -, thit tluy ncvir
Ikpt in the Day-time ; that tlinr 1 loufts were bi.t low
tl-.at tluy knew not wh.t Lav, li.its were; and tlut thty
wi rlhipped havibiis. They iikewile informed tlie A'.';;,,;,:;
that tiuir Country was extremely will cultivated, an,; tin:
proilueed other Liuit tiees in abundance, hut ih.ii tht y l,ja
iio\ in-s: 'I baton their Coall they ii.ul I'liiityot lilh-.i-.i
tliat ti.c IVopie were iiiucii vivm to luhiiij^, ard c:');-
cially to the catchin;,^ '.t Toitoife:,, the Shells cf wliicli
wtre lo )ar{;e, that they mai'e life o; tiiein to cover thut
H(jufes : 'That their Climate was lb wlioHonie, t',,; j
M.in ot ii. J Ve.iis (j1 Alv: w'as no uneonir.v n Sij'y't. Ihf
Accoiiiit they f'.a^'e <d llu'ir (lovernment was tias ■. tlut
tiitir Kiiif; was cleCttd liy a I'lurality ol NOices, ami »ji
alldiai hy a Sdiatecofupoki! til tl;ir!) IVrlun^ whuwite
likewitc chofen liy the I'topU, toj^^ether with Ibmc cth-r
Circuinllaiues whkh liavc l>een alreaely takui Notue it a
tiie Account we j^ave of the Voya:;e of L.ir.buks '.

We Hull hirealter h.ivc Occalion to iiujiiiie n.nrr' \y.-
tiiiilarly mt'i the Situ.iuoii ol this I'.l.irid, which ii-.-k.-^li
i.;r<at a I'ij'.uil- in the NSriiings of the Aiitients; aj :,;!>
ol liime other Illaiuls, Rut leal and I'art iiii.i{^iiury, ttlii. i
a:e mintioncd m their Work-., and wlneli it wiilfccnai;-
lary to expl.iin, that the Rcadir may not \k niiik\i ;r;>)
wiong Notions on this Sublcci, or lupi ole, that Kva,'
the Aiiticnts f|xak (4 pr'xlii.'UH^s Rieli s Iduml iiiili.;;
Ill.mds that wc are It I, krinsinir than they, I'mim:
are not ai prelciit acquainted with any lllaad ti.at pra-
i.utes the Comniodit.ts they lucntioii.

The Kmpcror Sero, who fiici ceded Caucus, wosvrry
attentive to the Aliairs ol 1'i.yP'^ •"'•'' rot only took uic
to iiuiniain his Meets in peiliCt j>ood t oiiiiition in lx)t i
.Se.i5, but hkewife H'lit I'etloiis on rur;',>li tlir./ Z.;^*,''; ifiW
I.ti'ispia, inorder to have a iliar.;nd ililliiiCt Accoui.tot'U
I'lodue'ts and Inhabitants ; to wiiii h lie was very | rooa 1.
incited Irom the Sciieme lie had formed ol retini-g i."t»
'X^/'i in cal'- he lound it impollible lor him to n-.air.!Ji.i
himlill a(^ainll his bneir.ies at Rci)ih-: And it w.is from ts.'
Repot ol thele I'ei.ple that the DilLimc wa> ilitirmal
Leiwitn ifyeKe or the bronticrs ol /\i!_'pt, ar.d the 1i1j..(1 i-i
Mine, to Ix- eight huniind and Icvcr.ty Mile. " : .\ '.i' «-
may judge ol the great Commerce carne.l en to .lut.<.
ill the Rtijrn of that I'rince, liom the vail Qiiaiiiiiy i-i
Ir.imle that he is laid to liavt burtit at the Lumrai o; m>
Wile J'opp^a. The Rei^;ns of the three lucceuiiiii; l.iii-
jK'iois, (,,i:iit, Oil'O and l.u/iius, wne too Ihirtta.:-
loid us any thin^ remarkable, and therfler,' we miilt ^^'s
on loJUi'iui Ifjpiijiiin, who rtttived the Linpire inif;/',
where 'idcriiii JUxnndtr, who was then l)ovcrr,ir ol
tlut Country, declaied tor lum, and I f/pajuix, nwu^g
lulle to ,-y.j.u;wi/-;./, no fooiier lound hiii.lell i:i t.hc l-a

' Sec 4'r,7i.d iv. f. )%i.

* ;■,(•; //;/. AW. Af. >■■

J \

Clup. II.

of the IE. k s r Indies.

451

I'uPinion nf th« City, tlmn he vrnturcil to a(Vumc tlir the two lafl wen- only frequented by tlrMcrch.ints of tha
Inixnal Oni.iim-nti, m^t cloiihtinR that he (houkl now be Country, and tlicrif.irc were not vifited but by fuchasin-
aMc to comiMls ins Drlign, and male.- himlelt entirely tended to take in Frankincenfe, and othtr .'.rabimt Com-
MalUr ot tlie wlioie R<'»»an limpire, which m liHeit lie modities -, for whicli th y eKchan'j.xl Arms Knives, and

Glals Vellcls and other I'hings ''Z

But Oalh was tiic priiuipal I'lace, ber.uife tlicre thi/
rnet with Merehants Ironi the Indies, with all Sorts of
Goods i ami K iikewile lay very comnidiliouny fur profc-

cuting their Voyage to the Continent of W/", where they
iif.iaily made tiie I'ort of Miiziris in lorty D.iys, which
PtoUmy lays down in the I.atitiide of I'oiirteen Degrees, if
liis 'I'ables have not futTtred fome Alteration, liiit tliis
I'ort Ixing found inconvenient, from the continual Depre-
dations of I'irates in its Nei[;libourhool, it was thought
nerelVary to feck a better Station ; and this led thcm°tti
the Fort of Rdara, where, by the Help of Initan Proes,

IlisSon 7'/.'w.f, whofurceedcd him, having in the Life-
j,,„.'ot jus I'athcr made a fudden Journey into E];ypi,
iiiii bfini; rieiivcd witii great 1 lonoiirs at AL'XitiKlria^
thi> aliwie'ereateil aSufpieion tiiat he intended to revolt, and
Ittii'ijorliinif-lfi whith pkiinly ^lews the f ttled Opinion
i;t the Rmani at that 'l"ime, that the I'olVillion of E^ypt
was liitlicicnt to give any I'rinee a I'owcr ol making him-
l;:t MalUrot the whole Empire ''.

As wf luve now tondui^ted the Hiftory of this Com-
iiura' 10 a proper Period, it is recjuifite to give a partieu-
|,r IXIeiipiinii '>' the manner in whicli it was carried

wi, and «f tlie extraordinary Chmges it produced in the they tranfportcd their (ioods up a navigab'.e ,

Ullonisot tlie Romans, who, till they became acquainted great trading Town, called MadnJ.-t; and, having completed
\v.{\\ tins I'r.iHick, iiad never Ihewn themltlves much in- their Alfairs, fo as to have the Advantage of the Tradc-
liftiiiD'rr.uic, but lc!t it rather t'j t!x Greeks and other wind back, they ufually returneil to yUexamlria towards
l.iuigncrs illalilidicd amongll them, the latter lind of December, or the Beginning of yaiiiituv

,1. I'lic Navigation to thv; Indies was profecuted, at furihelt The Indidii Commodities, which were thus
\u..r.tlic A'owM'//lirlt kcamc Mailers of Egypt, by failing brought to Eg_vpt, were again unladen, and carried to He-
,'ov.n tlic .Irabiait tiuipli, to a i'on ne;;r the I'romontory renicc ; from whence thi y were tranfported by I^nd to
v\ S:.!p-us, wliich Ploieniy the Ceogra;duT places in the Cop.'its, thence by the IVile to /llexaiidria, and io to
LitifJe of toiirteen Dcgrei'; ; which, beyond Contro- Rome by the annual Fleet from Jlexiiitdria, wJiich was
\\:\;, Li that I'oint ot the /Irabian Coall which is now fittlcd by /liigiijlus °.

,,,'1 C.11C Eiirtnk, and which, in the bell modern The Exjicnce, or, properly fpeaking, the Stock which
Ma|,:, is l..id down in ch • I .atitudc of tonrtcen Degrees, was annually inverted by tiic Romans, in the Commodities
torty Miiuitts •, which agrees very well with the Situa- fit for this Commerce, amounted, in the 'I'ime of /V/hv,
\m a(li,siieJ hy Ptolemy: And troin hence their Vef- to fifty Millions of SelUrces, which makes about four
r-is r.ii!d to the Mouth of the K'' r Indus ; that is, to the hundred and three tiioul.md Pounds of our Money : And,
Hand (if yV/.'rt/ri, 16 often nun.,oncd in t!ie Millory of by the Profit of the Goods returned, they gained oao
.•.Vvi,,'tr the Great. B'Jt afterwards this N.iviga; ion was hundred /(^r CV«/. '.

It may not be amifs, to .idd to this g.^neral Account
fome Particulars as to the CcMnniod.itit s in which theic //;.
dian Merchants ikalt. fn tlie full place, we ought to rec-
kon Spices, and particularly Cinn.inion ; of which we havu
a l.irge Account given us by Pliny, wherein there are Ibmc
Circumllancts that detlrvc to be confiikreil : In the lird

:h was looked upon I'lacc, he obferves, that very llrange Stories were told by
e South well Wind theAntients, in regaui to the fe Spices, on purpofe to iii-

(hi;;;cd; for, under the Keignof the l-'mperor Chtuditis,
t:i;e vas one //vprt/.Yf, who was, probal'ly, a Citizjn of
:l'.i\.vdriii, oiGieek Extradition, diat tountl out a Ihorter
irjlcafier Palfage: And this by the Obfervation of the
Tim.' when the Traile-wind blew, which mabled him to
fiii, a: once, through tlie Streights, and acrofs the In-
i'. '(liaii, lilrectiy to Pattul.i; which
a' 1) (\U'aordinary a Thing, that the

vi,i-.ilti.rwarils c-i!. d by his .N'ame, and fo became a per- hanfe their Value ; fiich as, tiiat tliey were ccllecud un
j Mil Monument of his good Eoi tune, in this refpeiit '. iler Trees, in which the I'hccnix built lier Neft, bein'^
Vet in liicci'eding Times but all within this I'eriod) prelT'ed down, and broken, by the Prey Hie brought to teeil
t.yiiutle Hill farther Dilioveries, with rel'peifl to this In- her Young; or elfe ihoc ilown with ^Arrows headed with
.:.: Voy.ige -, in whie!'., h.owever, they met with perpe- I.e.ut. I'o this Story iuccceded another, no K Is incre,,i!dr,
rj lat>rriiptions, from the I'iraciesof the .Irabians, which 173. that Cinnamon-trees grew in certain Marlhes, guarued
I "ll-iii:icd th^ni tJ ca'iy, belides their ordinary Comple-
n;;-.! et .>len, a certain .Number of Soldiers, or Archers,
' -aJi .Ship, to li.ll-n.l them tiom tlufe Uoblx-rs. At
!•: g:h, however, the great Prvifits, ariling from this Tr.ide,
!.'.r..!iiiig the Number of fuch as engaged in it, rliey
I ii.jikred .ill nillieulries, and fettled an .inini.d Trade from
.::(;..,! Jrui, ti) tlie Mouth of the River /;;./;(;, after this
.nu.iiiur : The (i(M)ds that were inteiuled lor the Indian
XiiLti, were tinb.irk.-d at .Piesandria ; from whence

I'i,' were carried to 'Juliopolis, two Miles from thence -, Ethiopians purelialed it, that t!;ey might keep this Tnidc
-"■1 lo e.p the Kiver A',7.', to Coplus, at tlie Diltance of intirely in tlieir own llanils. 'I'liis precious Commod.ity
I'.' duiiu'-.cii '-..: liiree Miics ; which City Ptcl'iny places they exported in lliiall Hoats, without either Oars or Sails j
'■i.e' 1 Jtiiude ot iw.nry-tivc Degrees twenty Minutes; and, putting to Se.i in the miellt of Winter, they, by tl'.c
> •!■. aj^rtes very well 'witli the Accemnts that modern 1 Kip of the South-ealt Wind, iloubled the Cape of.,V-

by frightful Dragons. Ami v. hen People grew toe) wife
to iK-lievc this, it was next laie.1 to come from very diib.nt
Countries, where it grew in fuch Abuiieiarce, that the
Scent of it might be perceived at a great Diftance ; by
which, as they pi. tended, the l''ieet of .l-'ew'-nu'er ihlcerned
the Coall of /trabin. All tlule Accounts he eicclaivs to be
falfe ; unel then tells us w.'i.it, in his Opinion, was the
'i'ruth ; which is that Cinnamon grew in Ellirpia, .ind
the aiijacent Country ot the "■Pngkdytes, from wh.oin the

'.v.ilrrs give us of the Situ.ifiein ot its Ruins at this Day.
i.= \MiKtwas fiir, they commonly peT'irmeil their
Aye ii> twelve Days, At Cc/>/w the \'ell. 's were un-

■'"^Cvl 1 and the Cioods on Camels Hacks, wer: tranfport-
'L i:i eight Days, 10 Rerntiee, which l.iy at the I'/illancc

' '.wo iiiineircd .iiid fifty-eight Mllev;

gojle, aiiel le) arrived at the lamous Port oi Oci'is, where
they tralfickeei with the Merchants from E^ypi tor (ilats,
Copper, ami Brats Ware, fine Linen, and Toys. Tins
Navigatiein was io tedious, that thele People very feldoin
returned in leli; than live Vcirs; und many of them pe-
rilhe'd in thele dangerou.s Voyages. At OeiUs the King
let the I'riee up.on it, whie h w.is tormerlv to high, that ;i
Pound ot Cinnamon was le)!d at A'c/.t' tor one thei'.ifand
Sefterces, which was about eight Pounds of our Money:
J- I ane, tlity tleereel ehivdly for the /Irai-ian Coall, And it even arofe to a much higher Price, when it was
■"■i 111 thirty Days arriveel at Oeelis, which Ptolemy lays pretended, that the Wooils of Cinnamon in Ethicpia were
I '^n in the Latitude of twelve Degrees, tho*, uiuioubted- funit down by \\\.- -Jroij^lcdylt's : Be.r, at the time Plniy
■}. iiut is too lar South. Or elle the fleet liiilcd to Ci/w</, wrote, it was nn!e"h liink in its \'aliie, and yet r..main;d
" li Mkzj, all Poits on the oppofite Coall of .Iravia ; but de.ir enough, in his Opinion *.

anel there they re-
lanl in \Varehout<;s, till the proj-K r Se-.iloii of the Year
K' tlic Contiiuiance ot' tlvir Voy.igc, which was about the
i^^ ";4 of tile Dog-llar. \\ hen they were embarke-el lor the

'Jv't

t' 'Vhru I, f. 1 .| .
'-■ ' /./. lit. \:u

./,■ /.V//. ■'■./ /.■/•. vit.
J r/in. Aat. il>J. 1.1'
, ly.

XII. f.i/. 19,

.l/j.

n.,

Uot. p. lO.

iit. Hi/!, It!', vi. f(j,i. ij.
' Pin. Stit lliji. lie. u.

; Hi V

n ■

■'■xr-m

i' ' i' : !: ■'

f'lr

r :».

tt !]

ill' ■

t i

'«% iJ ^i

;

4 c''' ^

■'ija

7/'t' Difcovcry, Settlement, ami Commerce Eooi^j

riloy likcwilt bioiij^lit. 111 tlicfc Flecti, Abumlancc rf
cfiouj Stones, jMiiicul.uiy L)i.imoml< \ ot which PIn:^
llinji.af1.;i i\x Kinds, the Lvllot wliidi w.is the liJian \

Jillint;... .., ...^ ^^.. v„ „ ►. .... .

.uU after that the Ji,n!..in Duinoml ; which w.is cllccmed

«ii{5C'oiur.ulR'h()ns .uilc only lioin thru- not luviin'
licuMitly coiifulcrc.l. o'^mi!.

In the til (I j<l.ic\-, 1 nnirt obfcrve, that there is nr['-;.,
rrpor-cd by .Aniquity, w!i;( |j iu<, (^ivdi t<MTnich Troit ' ' '
inodtrn tiiti'.s, as the Ap;-cllati(jn ot N.tppy, amti rrJ''

the South I'.iit ot tiie I'ltnnliiia (^i JraOu', whidiin'r:!

the rirhdl Jewel in t!i(jle Diys as it is in ours. Fcarh i*! a very I'.cfert and baucn C-iimtry, and prndiu'cv nm: *'
were n' \t in I'luci and th^le, too, wctp bioiif.ht troni m Appcaraiuc tapl-le ol nuritin;' that I i;lr. 'Ihii '
llic C'oa.l o{ I':Ji,i, .md liom ./rj//.j. We in.iy giiet's at c,l Mr. Hud., liilhopot /h-r,vu it ^ , wis the lirll ssCy
she V.tkip ot thi ni, by what is rejiortod <>< Ci(opatra\ dii"- U|Kjn the true Kealon ; ind tar Ik- it hoiii nir, to r m- i
I'.jlving in Vim-f;.ir, ami tluii Uallowini;, a I'lar! tliat was the I ights I l'.a\ e dn ivtil Iroin tin Ihoit 1 Imt rivm hvt- •
ell>.en-..-d woith near til'ty thouliind I'oiin.isot (lur Money : i;reat Man, who, m his I leaule ot the fonviurceot t-
But it is a reiji.irk.iiilv- Obkrvation, whu h IHiny takes t'ror.t Antients, tells us that ,1r,iliii ihtH.ipjy w.i- lo (,,j|..,i ,. ,",
Jhujh.'.'a, tliat I'earls bore a very i)i;di I'rice, Ix-ton- hj>yft the dHvcmony .j tis Pern, ani.1 ilic |ii.,ih!'n,ir K,;., '
brum.- aA' ;.'.j/» i'lovii tc ; but ar'.erw.uds they {;riw torn- q'lirrd by Ks Inh.ibitants, Iroin tdtii txtnilivt lomir; ,
nion; .mJ, in ins Inne, the l.adiei h.id their .Shoes em- 1 his fiii<;lc 1 lioi.j^ht, | lo^erlv niilueil, wi!| cn.h;. i
br'.iJrrcd with til! m. bnuralvls wire next in I'riee : .Ami - ' '- " -i ■> .. ■■- ...
ct tftell; there were twelve Sorts ; the v. ly bell ot wliieh
were thole brouj;ht Ironi tlie Nofthern /«.//(•/ ; and the

n.Xt, thofc ot fji'.ip:,! and tgypl. I lie Opal, wliich try, vioio, aiivr, pneious.-iinne.s, auvl eviry oilur vj'^j''.
V.-.IS a Stone ot gieat \ alue, a;id ot ditVeient Coiouis, was Coirnxjility, aj^pe-red v. ith I'rolullon, inluiiiHihthatf , ••
lik(.w;k- bruu;;!it 111 thi ;j lleer"-: Ot wl-.ieh P/.v/v fils us a wtr • ji.ltly clleimeil thcmt.il ojnilcnt Naton Jntl f\V, r''' '
rcm.iik.ilik St^ry, ot one j\\.n>iiis, a .Suiaiur, who was We n:av .ntUI re tins, tlut almolt all t|i;- o,!-,, \
pioreribtd by .h.'oty, tor th;- lake ol a tine Kin|% in lions ol the World, whu h weie ililliniMiilhnl i,
vhikh on; ol tiieie Stones wa.s lit, valued at twenty tlwu-
I'.nd Sellc-rr'.s. '1 he JmU;.ih kubies were likewile m hi|;h
l:fteeni, tl'pecialiy tlich as were ot a very bri^lit toiour ;
l/.it ti.ey wert liieii, it leenis .is tiny are now, txeetdiiifily
karce. .Add to tlitfethe loy.u, and an iiilinite .Numkr
ot otIi"r vStune-, tiut weie tikii ateouiit<d Jewels. W(

reliilvc all the l>illii.iiiti s tli.it lu\e aiilui jUh,! rh,- (V
tnerce ol the huiia.

.Vr.;/i;,li)ejkingtfthc.W.M-!.',felbni«,thai,ir.t!.;rC,...
try, Ciold, Silvr, pnvioiisStone.s, niul eviry mjur vjliy'

t V

■? r.ide and Wca'th, derived it from "ihim>. ,,
horn lienc,e, that the iiniieit I'jyftitWi diiw tirir
pliis' i tiomluiuc the 'lyrinns li.ui tiieir rii lull L(;i!;-:o

ties'i tioin liinic So'dwcn reinval lieli v.'.liijhlr j'
Iciits'-. from h;nee the /•,</^,' ,■,.;;;, under the Z'.-.v.v,. .
tainevl their inoit v.iluahle Mi rehandi/.e» ; and Irijir. \:^.-
as tlie lo:(<;'>mrr A<toiint lliews, the R:>;:.'.iu l;ruii"h: a!

.ue iKXt to rcd;L.n .Mttals, tlpeeially (iold, ot whuh tl
iia.l great ^^j-i.-.tities by means ot this 'I'rade -, as alio
I'.bony, and o-htr i:ch WohIs, with Imtnli:', Gums,
Isory, ;md other Oiiental C<»miiUKlities '.

A^,iinll the I'teofall th'lc Piiny invcit;hs bitterly, af"-
f!rm;i,jj; th.U t!;.y were priii. i; .il!y pro urei'l tu oblige Wo-
men ■, and ihii th.- Kuhes i,i ili- l-.mpue were lljuanJered
a\v.,y, merely to make t!ie Kunait l.a.!iis vain. As an
Inibnee ot' lliis, lie tciis us, that he liid oltcn looked wi:h
.■\ina/.emcnt u;.>on I.B:.':a Paulina, the Dowager vi Call-
gu.'u, wliofe lle.id-dic!-, .Ntekl.ue, and I!iatVkt=, alone,

were adorned wu!i l-.m.raLls, IVarls, and other precious in. s. u. ^^.m^m^ni, .mu otim .-ijmes-, anu uie ui! .;
Stone', to t!ic .Amount ot forty .Millions of Selkrces, diunt, wlmii he gives a-: tile true one, w.is, v.\Ui;'',
wliieh makes upw.iids ul three hundrid and twei.ty thou- imieh a Fable as any of the t(fl ; and Icives op!v loil.i.i,
l.i::d I'oun.'s ot our Mom y. } le adds, that lur lather •'"• •' -■ '■■'■ ' -• -i- • - ■ -•' ■ " '

the KkIks ot ilie b.Ul '. 'I'he {Ar^at UilHuilty.th'n, ! i
iii tinJir.j; out, how ihele I'eople lame by this ]'r(K;.<j; :;;
We.dth. '1 hi', .Secret, whenoneerevcaletk will.ij-^.iqb
.rut ealy : '1 l-.e .Situation ol tins Country, ami tl'.cr v.:::
Ki.owlti'.^^^e ot ilie Trade-wimfs, or Monloyr.% ti'^.r-.w fv
whole '1 rade ot the JiiJ:,! into their 1 lands -, ardas tl.evv>.;:
the moll lulitl.: People in the World, ihiy took lirr ;j
lonceal their Navigation with tlie uimolt i.'.uition. ,'■ ;
dear from the .Accourr we li.ive already pl^ennllt(>! f',",
that .Abundance ot i-ahhs were mveiitiii, to ke- p un :';.■
I'liec ot (.'•.nnamon, mm! other .Sj)ires -, ami the bl! .■

that thv .Ini/'idiij, who were always Lmuus tor thj F
tility ot their Invention, kr.ew how to |)rop()tticii ihe.Srjr.!
they told, to the 1 ,i{',lits w hu li other Nations hm! reerivcii,
i he t iiuiamoii, and other .Spues l'''d mth'l'o::'!

— 5 — •> ...11^3 i..,.i ,^u.«j ^^«^;l.<, uiL fJ.iIis, were undoui.tedly LM(iu!j;iit til 111 t'le lileul i;l C"-

< ir.uiaian ol ..\;;.jius, would not kreen him, as he exptcted, lut, to which tl:e .Ir^.tjuins l.iiled I7 the I I-'lp ot iv.c Mi::-
he Iwalluwed a Dole ol Poiioii; and therei)y prevented Io<mi, and ittuined I7 the «ither. W hen Ihere^)re^v.■,.•
ll*. I .Mr ,..U.--l. I.. i' .,1. t\ I I. -,'1 .1...- I/.*. - 1:. .1 l.i _, ^ I .1 . _, ,1 (1-

M.ir(us Uliii'i h.ul actjuired the immenlc Wealtli, with
whkhall tlklL tlr.c Things werp[xirehaltd, by taking great
Riibcs Irom th'- i'r:nc\s ol tiiC t.alt -, tor wludi ocing
call d to an Acu,unt, and li.Mimg that C'u.'Kj Cxjar, the

tlie JuJi^mcnt of the l.awi which iie lo much teared .
1 hcle i-ads, taken togeih.r, are lUthcient I'roots ot the
Wealth, as well as Luxury, of the Romans ; and of that
proJigious Alteration m.ui. 1:1 their .AtTairs, by the Con-
i^aetl ot i-v/(, and the I'allage thereby opened to the
Lomir.erce 01 the MrJ.v.z/iuul ol the indii's ; whi. h never
tilled ol eiiiKhiig the L<,uiitrirs where it was lettled, to

a Degree almoll Ixyond C reJit. „^,^ u.cvj.o>mii 01 .,r<7i>!.'i, ir is 1

10 I hat I may reiuler the 1 liftory of the antient Tr.ule tlieiii trom tiie Jllands ot hijia.

ol /«./..(. IS cL ar, .isintelhgiljle and fatislactory to the Reader I lay, it is m.uiikit, tli.it ihey hivujdit them, arj;'..;

i.5 it k polhble, and that I nuy leave him widi few or no they weie not ( rooj;J,t to them ; iKeaule, il tluv .';J, :^-

Dirtiiuliies .lUiut ir, 1 will take tins Opportunity, alter let- SeLitt mult I Iu\'c biol.en oui, .nul the Navi '.;-':on r-

tiiig down at large, what /'.Vwv, .uid other antient Writers the Kaltern llLifuis luve Iven iii.ije rhofonr'.iv I^r.civ
have dtlivded as .Matti rot l-.kt, to .add loiiieODUrvations to the I^iyphjns, the G'm.b, ai.d the AiM.;'V., v,li:ch'-
ih.it may rra.iu ilc ilu m to ilic .State in which 'I'huigs are never was. 1 lity had, indeed, Ibmc conldtd Not,, i.- '

told, that Uypiiiiis liilf dUeovired the .Vnith-wcll \V::
would carry a .Slup dir<Clly tu the Coall if huuc, w: ir..
ri ler this to the (ifivh, and other Enroj'f.in .\.irii,-s ; !
ih« JtaLunti und'rllood this kind ot N.,v!!ytioii ,:<?.:,.
tore, as appears pl.iinly by the vail AlniiAiaiiec 1;: :
Commodiiivs witii whuh tluii Markit', wire Ilu. Lei; .
as iioneol thele, exiept Iiuenle, and orhir IVrliiir'>, c
weie thcCJrowth ol .hnlna, it is nul. Jell, tiut the;, b.'w,:

• Prnf/ui fiL i, f,,frr,i. Mirriani ll^ratUtl* Piriflm. PI,
Di-i. iuul. iii. m A^uilatihtJti Jr I'U'OsMari, f. (>\

' i K,

'*•■

2 Lh,.

>• P!,i \»i. Hr! 1,1, \x. , \-.
^ OiiJ ill a/, il'ah Ptnfiui M-irn /■,

* Dii.i. vifnA /)j»i Ctl'iui '^i-abi.

r.'-.

' h. '.

» /'

,;i. Sdl lir

ciiap. n*

of the V.K^r Indies.

n rich Illands in the Indian Sew, fiich ai Titprohiti,
p,'i hmiiil'i, ana Panchaia i but they were very lonlulLil
J ill As to the lirlt, they have dcftribcd it (b inijxr-
f-\\y that it is almoft impoflible to gucfs where it hcs \
he Iccond was no other than the Illand of Paltalu, long
before difcovcred by /.Uxander \ and the other was a mere
Invention, or a Story palmed iipon them by the //ratianu
as P!umb very judicioufly oblcrves '.

It is true, that feveral anticnt Writers fpcak of the In-
ean Merchants, that frequented the Ports oi ^irnlia i but
ihcycame only from thcCoaft of Malacca, and theCoun-
uxi liordcring upon '^tr/ia i and were as little acquainted
ftiih theCountfies from whence the Arabians tranlJKJited
their moftValuablc Merchandize, as the G'«r*i and Komaiis
thcmfelves, who alfo frcqucntctl their Courts, and carrieil
on 1 confiderable Commerce with them i but not in thcfc
rich Commodities •, for Ptinj obferved, that they tame only
Irom Ocili!, and that the Price was fet by tiie King of tlut
Country, wiiich other Writers have conlirmed ".

This Account is fu much tlie more probable, as it
torrefponds eiaftly, both with antient and modern Re-
lations i for, with nfpcft to the former, it fliews how the
Country might of old be as rich and opulent as the
Crttk Writers reprefent it •, and, on the other hand, how it
comes to be in fo different a Condition at this Day \ lor
that the Air is exccflive hot, the Climate near the Coall
very unwholfome, the bed Part of the Soil fandy and bar-
ren, and the Country ir general producing; nothing hut In-
(cnfe, and rich Gums, of all the valuable Commodities,
ivx were formerly brought from thence, are I'ads that
cjinot be now difputed ' : And, upon a View of what an-
tiflit Writers have delivered, we Ihall cafily dillover, that
many of the wiftft of them fufpcdeti the very thing that
1 maintain, that is, that the Wealth of this Country was
the Rcfult of Commerce, and not of its natural Fer-
tility i for Sirabo * long ago obferveil, that the y obtained
vail Quantities of CJold, and precious Stones, in I'.xi hangc
for thr.r Aromatics •, and that thefe rich (joods were again
exclianged ibr fuch Commodities and Manufactures ot the
Wilt, as they ftood moll in need of, or with which they
were mod afiefled : And hence it was, that, in fpite of the
Difficulties attending its Navigation, the Aahun Ciulpli
WIS one of the molt frequented Seas in the tlun known
Worki. In the fecond Place, I obferved, that this accounts
pcrfeAly well for the Miltakes that we meet with in antient
Writers, as to the Places where Spices, and other valuable
Ccnimoditics, arc found. Their Reports as to Jrabia, and
i'lsFiuitfulneUin Spices, were fo far founded in I'ruth, as
that they knew no Country where they were to be found,
tut that ; and the Defire of polTefling fo rich and valuable
a Plate, was what principally moved /luguftut, and Ibmc
of the lucceeding Emperors, to think ol conquering Jra-
i:a, which had been before in Danger, from the Power
fAAlixandtr, on the fame Account '.

It was probably the Fear of the Remans, that induced
IX Arabians to frame the new Tale, of Cinnamon's grow-
in tlie Country of the Ethiopians and Troglodytes, and that
1! WIS brought to them with infinite Difficulty \ I fay, they
might very [(ollibly be induced to circulate this Story, in
orCer to engage die Romans in a War with thofe I'eople \
vhch woiilil have been an cffedual Means of keeping their

I orccs on the other Side of the Gulph. It is very plain,
t.Dm what Plitij lays, that this Notion of Spices growing
' ! Eibiepia, was a very new thing, and that he thought he
hid matlc a great Diicovery, in publifhing it to the World :
And what ftijl confirms this the more, is, the Pad he gives
i-| lorn his own Knowledge •, viz. that the firll Cinnamon-
llii.t tlut ever was feen at Rome, was brought thither in
i-c Kfigii of Titus, and was confccrated in the Temple
wftcd to the Memory of tlavius Vefpafianus '.

But 1 know it maybe objeftcd, thatabundimcc of Doubts
l^ivc been moved about the Cinnamon of the Aniients, as

II It was quite another thing from the Spice known to us
i-y that Name. In Anfwer to this, 1 mull remark, that
'•e Objeftion rifes from the Dcfcriptions left us by the An-
''=its, of a thing they had never l<:en, but took their Ac-

lounts u|)on Tnift from the Sabtans, who, witfi refpcA to
lhrin,had the Monopoly of that Commodity ; fo that, in the
firll PI.ICI', there in no ^reat Credit due to their Dcfcriptions (
and the K Is, iKiaulu tliov agree as little with each other,
as with our Accounts of that Spice, from thofe who are beft
nctiimintnl with it. In the next Place, wc are to con-
lider, that in the Ifland o\ Ctylon, from whence we have all
our Cinnamon, they diftinguifh no Ids than nine different
Sorts, by the Adjunftion of fo many different EpitheU to
the Wortl Ceroiida, which, in their Langusge, (Ig '"<
Cinnamon : The third Sort, for Inftance, is called Capperou
Corenda, which is as much as to fay, the Camphire Cinna-
mon \ and there is n Kind of wild Cinnamon, that growl
oil the Contiiunt of India, near Goa, called by the Natu-
rulilU in India, Canetla Malabarica fylevjlris, or the wild
Malabar Ciniianion \ which fo cxoAJy reliimbres the Caf-
ptrtH Oronda, that it is not to be dillinguifhed but by the
lallc : And, in all Piobability, it was a Root of this Plant
that Pliny li»w conf -crated in a golden Urn, in the Temple
of /futu/lMs i or, at Icafl, his Defcription agrees very well
with this. In the thiril Place, if weconfider, the imper-
Ird and ditcordant Dcfcriptions, which the Antientsgive
of this Snirc, and the many Kinds of it that are known
to the Mndeiiis wu caimot wonder at the Doubts that
have iirifni alxmt it \ nor can wc reafonably believe, that
any Argument, drawn from thence, ought to weigh againft
the politivc Matters of ladt, that have been laid down*
and are not liable to any Dilpute ".

The thini Oblervation I Ihall make with regard to the
Commcnr of the Romans in the Ead, is in relation to the
precious Stones they brought from thence j about which
as litany Doubts and Difficulties have been raifed, as about
the Spues \ and for the very fame Reafon, bccaufc they
were not well acquainted with the Subjeft, but fpoke of
Things lit livoiul-hand, and generally from the Reports of
the .ivabian Merchants, from whom they received them.
Thus, lor Inllance, their Defcription of the Opal docs by
no means agroc with the Stones of that kind that arc
known aiiioiigll us ; and, as for the T'o/az, it is impoflible
to know what to think of it, fince they fometimes defcribc
It ol It (.uren, as well as at other times, of a gold Colour,
which is the only one known to us. As to their Emeralds,
they dillinguilh the Indian from the Egyptian, but wc
know not now of any Indian Emeralds ; by which I mean,
l''.meralils rhat arc adually found in India -, for the oriental
I'.meraKi is a Phrafe in Trade, and means no more than a
very perlcCk Stone in point of Colour and Hardnefs, which
the bell Judges have clleemed to be the £gj'p//(J» Emerald ;
though liime fay, that the Inhabitants of the Philippines
udually received them from Pm*, before that Countiy was
dilirovend by the Spaniards \ and that thefe, coming into
Kuropt, from India, were, on that account, diftinguilhecl
by the Name of oriental Emeralds ''.

U<,forc I part with this Subjcil, I cannot but obferve,
that the lieat, exprefled by Pliny, againft thefe Orna-
ments, and his larcallic Remark, that if the antient Con-
querors of Rome could return from the Dead, they would
regret their Triumiilis, when they faw, that the foleEffeft
ot them, was to deck the fine Ladies, their Dcfcendants, with
un infinite Numlxr of Jewels of high Price, is ill-founded.
There is, no doubt, a Luxury in Stones, as well as in other
'I'liings : But, on the other hand, they are much miilaken,
who affirm, there is no intrinfic Worth in them, and that
they ought not to be regarded, or valued. The intrinfic
Worth of Iron, and other Metals, confifts in their Ufc-
fulnelii \ the intrinfic Worth of Silver and Gold, in their
being proper Meafures of the Value of other Thi: _,5 ;
and the former, with refpcCl to Mankind, is not a Grain
more itninirtant than the latter : Without ufeful Metals,
we lliould be much at a Lots at home -, and, without thefe
commun St.tndards. as to the Worth of which, all Nations
arc agreed ,wc could not conveniently carry on any Commerce
abroad. It is in this laft Light, theretbre, that precious
Stones arc to Ix conlideretl •, they are extremely beautiful
10 the I'.ye, which g.iins them a general Eftecm , they are
wondcffully limi and durable i and this augments thtir

'^'IfilUtOfir.

"">*: 30.

» P/i». A'*». Hi/Jib. xii. etf. 19. At»lb»r<iiUmlt Rutt-e AUti, p. Cj. 64. 6;. Ptriplms Mari Erjthrai, f. 14.
). xi. ^. cul, * Gttgrafi. Iii. »n. ■ .Ini.iii. Iih. \n. flularth. in A^ixavdro. * Pliit.

» U 111. xii. » Sc* tlw Accuunl of the JtWfli brouiilil Um\ the EujI India, in 'ittX. xv.

j S ■ Credit

. 'ill-:-.

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•,

'^if ''fir ii'iilifli

f!lM! Ill 1 't^

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diili *|.1tt''i. ill

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434 TZv Dilcovcry, .^'cttlcmcnt, atui Commerce R(X)k i.

Credit : To fjy. tliat tlicli- CluAimft-unr' «li) nut tynlhtuti-
a kind ot intiinlii- Woit'i, is tu KinUmnc!. inlU.ul ot
rtchtying, inn- Ni turns. Aiiil, tlurtturi-, li<<w I, jrklinn
fu.\\i' tl.i- Thoii.'ht if /V/.sv in.iy Ik, it i; nor, at
the Hoitvm, iLiiiulfd m 1 luih v ;iiul I nmlt, lor 117
own I'arr, ciMili-ls, tlut I do lut llimU the N'.miiy o\ .i
A'oMUw I..uiy, i!rclll\l oit with Jcwils u) thf VaUic nl
Joity Mi':.(>iis vi thill Monty, \s.ii at all nnatrr, or more
wortliy tlk- CoiitiirjU ( I d I'hildlopiier. tluii tin- Vaniiy ot'
her All tlm-, 'u\ his triuini'lial Or ; liiKi, m the l-'.yi- ol
Kialim, one Spccivsol I'liuc h a<. much, .mil .n truly, a
Folly, iu aiujtiKT •, ot uhitli the tli'.ir y.ji'./um w.ii very
rcnfibli, wli<n, Uing txtrtimly latipuiU witli tlii.- Icnnth
tiHrn'! i.unn.h.hcuniMnyi lulp laying, I riiircr,viiy julUy,
for kiii^; I oul tn.n][;h to dili^lit in I'uiii a SiHet4ilf as
this at tlufe Yiais. But it is now time to return from
thcfe Ruiurks to the I'rofevution of our .Subjid ■, whiili
Icails 111 tu iIkw niuir juiiuulaily, wlut Improviimnti
were irunle in thii kiiul of Cuniimicc, after the kcmani
took the Manapcmtiit of it into their Haiuls.

II. Ihc ami lit l)i\ptiani lud very early ami conftant
Quarrcii with t'lrir Ntii-hlwiurs the Etbiof'uiHs, which kept
dicni .It a prc.it Diftarcc troin, aiiil hindcrnl tluin tn in
rng.u;i;i(.', in any L\ iiimertc with liu-ni, .it Irill ol gnat
Ini|virtanfc : Ihit, aitir the Kinmloni ol I ;;ypt leil un-
der tiie Dominion ol the (.nv*/, tlule Diljuiiei lul'luird,
anil the Nations began to tntcriain a tritiuliy Intireuiirlc \
for the l'".ncoui.ii;f mcnt of whivh, the City kA Copiui was
originally del'igned. 'lliis Commerce fxiwein the I gy-
fluim and hih:opaniv,\is jartieulirly promoted hy Ptolemy
Philaii^lphuJ, lor the lake of olitaining Klephants ; tor the
Tainini; of wiiich he was very famous : When the Ro-
ttuiHi came to the I'otreflion of this Country, they were
Ilk wif.- vtry defiroi.s of penetrating into Lihicpia, for
m.iiiy Reat'ons , but more tljxeially tor the draining of
Klepha:-,ts and their Teeth : And fo eager wis Nero ii>
this MattiT, tlut he fent an Otfirer, with a Detachment
of his own I.ilegjards, into I\zjpt, on purpofc to invaitr
t.ibwpia, if thiy might not have Leave to march through
it peaceably. 1 hcfe I'lople performed their Frrand, and
n turned with a lair Account ol what they had lecn •,
which I'.id not, by .my means, anlwer the l-'xpe^latioiisthai
were r.iil'd by the Dtl'tniitions that had bc<ri formerly
given of that Country. They tound it, for the moft part,
poor and Iwrren, the I'eople, on the Frontiers ol A^v/'/,
living mollly ujon Millet ■, and thofe l)eyond ^jicm, ujion
Milk and Wr.ilun : By degrees, however, there grew a
ronfidcrable Commerce witl> this Country, from whence
they brought Flephaiits, RluiMXerolia, .ind other wild
Bcafts, Ivory, and particularly that Sort ot it which was
eafiell wrought into Images, Chairs, Throms, and other
Utinfils i as alfo rich Cuinis, and precious Stones, elj)ecially
Emcrakls and 'r<i|).i/es '.

At lall, thiy pi 01 reded to the very F'.xtrcn.ity of the
/b-dl/iau Ciulph, on the Coall of the Trc^i^lciiyles, who liad
been p.urittd in fucli difagree.ible Lights by old VVrifrs •,
and tniTL carried on a very lucrative Commerce with thJe
People, at a I'ort of their own, called /Aitt/<j, which Pto-
lemy the Geographer pl.tcts in the Latitude of of 14° 20',
aid mull conrequeiitly have Iven in that I'art of the Coun-
try will* h IS now inthe 1 lands of the Turks, and there they
mtt with vrry jull and honeft Ulage from thele Barbarians,
as thi y were then ple.ilid to call them. Over-.-»gainft this
J'ort oi JJula l.iy the llland of Orine ; and there were
fomc coiifiilerable Cities within-iand, from whence the
mod v.iluable Cominodiiics were brought down to this
I'ort, wl.ith Was looked ujKin as the .Staple of the Ivory
I'ra.le, and for the Myrrh that was moU eUcenud, with
various .Sorts cjf (iunis ami lome precious .Stones '.

It was in conlequciae ol their I'olUlTion ol Kyjpt, that
the Kcmnits carried on a conliderahle Tratfic'k into the
J'fr^iiH (jiilph, at the Mouth of the Hwci tuphi uta ; as

• ol all thu Commerce, .IS it c.im.> ti)/^ 4,,'
lUx.mdn,), w.xs v.eiKially ondlcral.i, I f
>y the common iVcpk- , ai. Mth'r.t^",

alfo alooR tlie Coart of Per/ia, to tlM< I'mmiersof tho /, k
but the I'UKlticeol all th"i "•"<'">'•••■•'• •■ i« — •""'
the Fleet bom. /.'•
piian, at le.ill by

hand, all rh Comnv n e of /^v/i/ was, .it Hme\ V^Z
the ivniral N.ime ot the Tradi' ol .ilf\;iii,lri,i, Jhntir
which had m.iile fo gr''->' :• l'";'.""' Ir'iiiuheTimcotitjfjft
l''otiiid.itii)ii, .mil, indeed, in Right of .ts Fmimlir, v.i'iri,
was aftcrwHrds made the Capital of thor llcjminu ,;s I
the Ptolm:ei ', receiv<d great Add.iinns, in i,,,,;,, ^;
Wealth, under the Kommis \ inlonuiih that Jtjtfhni
ixnts, that the /^oiwj^tj drew .is mukIi Ironulifhc m i
Month, as Ironi the lell ol htypt m ,1 Ye.ir j am! tjui
in |K)int ot Uiclie<, it did not only eiiual, Init (<.crilf,-ci
KciMf \ii\\ ' \ will" h IS t!ic more pioluble, fmo, ip\,
the Pttltmtfs, who were remarkably tender of imrolU
high Ihities, ai. I thtr.liy injuring the Commrrce <i| tliiT
.Sublets, thctulfonis ot the \'i'>rt lA' . Ilrx.:itrlriii mnarxi
anmially to a Million and an li.ilf 1 f mr Mcmcv, A^J
Diodorus Siailuf rejviris In'in his ( un KnoAlnij'c, tlj-
at tile 'I'mie he w.n then', the l-'rurncn of tin.' C;ty «,-.'
abose thne hundr(\I thoufimi * : .So tint it imill hive
Ikmi then as |xipul..ris as /.-./i/rw is at prrlrrt, tvinipn
the low(ft Computniion, I'.nd tiipiKiling that the tar prater
Part of its Inlialntants were whnjiy Hi: [X):te.! hy Trji'-.

To lay the Trutli, J'.-y.in !r\i within this, and the ?c-
i\rn\ whuli will ;>econt.uned in the next Ch:ipter, fa-',) to
have att.iined t'l th.it (Jrandeur for wiiith its l-'uunii.n'o.
figned it, finee it embraced, in a greit mcil'urf, the
whole '1'r.uico; tiie Reman I inpire. 1 his s\.is imm.im'iy
owing to thefe two Caiifrs: Firll, the Convrniciicy of i;j
Situation, by which it lay open to the Mt\itterrjnm;r\
the Cue t.nken by the Kcmar.s to pr(rrve, an.l ,\\:i to
inlargc its I'orts: And iKxt, to the Ipiitan, orOiintil
Coninierre, which has always had an attractiw Qiu'ity,
and drawn, where ever it was feated, almoft .ill the I'r ,;
of the World Ix-fide. Thu*, tor inftnncc, whm t!.' /.'•
netians and ('•nti.ejt ftiaud that Trade between thm , tluj
ii\<^roiU-d all the reft : Th-n it was, for .1 fmnll Time, ..:•
tachcsl Ki I.isl'on \ and eame afterwant«, in conf.quc-c;
chielly ot their /«»//<»« Commerce, to the A'i,;»/y!!i ami ;;,:
Dttlck This, I think, is the deareft and molt lativljctry
.\nfwer that can l)e given to th.it (^lijei'liun, which vuu
otten luar made to this Commerce, th.it it cirrus ci.:j
vail (Ju.intity ot .Silvi r ; anil wiiiih, ,vi 1 conciivc, n.i
full Itartid ly /'.';«v, who ai'Ui.illy cnmi'iair.s, that the
.trabiant ncuviil leady Money lor their litdiM Con,:iic-
ditiis, .md laivl out nothing in Return. This, I l:y, :i
the moll I'uisJ.ictory Anlwer, tx-eaufe itllKws, that wl.i:-
ever Lots may attend this Trade in the tiift Inlbiici, ytt
thofe who are poflelicd of it, arc lure tu have a lirj:
Balance in their Favour, in confenuencc of tl'.c g'neii
Relort It occafion'-, and the Returns that arc iiulc trom
tlicjli: Countries whii h take their Mian CommmlitifS 0*
their H.inds. IIow lar ths Objciftion may Tu- ta i!:;
Trade f>l Kurcpr, m general, with the InJits, is aiutkr
Qiieftion, and Ihail Ix- largely conl'u'.ired at tlie Clofaf
this ( liapter -, vslun I hope to iLmonllratc, that all t:U
has Ix-en hitheriD fud on this Top^, flow s fruni a Mr-
apprehenllon ot the Nature of Coirm.rir i anJ i:.i',
u[)on till- W'hide, wliatcver Country iiuint.iins thcgrwicU
and iiKill cteiilivc Trade, under proper Keg'.;Ltxr',
mull Ik- liicj^iiatiH dain; is by 'Tr.ide, tho', in Ibm. [-...■
ticular Brain his ol it, tiny mav Ix' laid to lole. Atp;-
lent, our Buliii'lsis to purine tin^ Suly.il o;!c .St.'P tart'i-'.
and 10 Ihcw wh.it .iddi:ioi;.il Iniptoveiinnts the Ci'miii::--
ol the Fall, by the W.iy of /-x'v//, r^aivcd, whl-int.;
H.iiids of the Rcmartt, till tiu: Seat ot the hiiii'in- »'5 •'■
mov; d liom Kim,- 10 Cc:ijLiitintrpU, which creaied i g'^^j
Alteration in the Vm'c of Atlairs 111 this, ai wcil J^ m *■■
other relpctts,

'.u/ lt,l. XJtXVl

^7.

.hI u.

^ I'ttifiHi Mi-u Eiiihrmi, p. i.

« Sriai*. lit xril

'A'!

h Bill 7-i- •'••

S I- C T I N

mm-

Cli;ip.

ir.

of the East Indie

SECTION X.

43?

,/; Acouftl of the /iffoirs ofV.<^y\^t^ and of the Commrce carried on by //jc Romans, through
that Country^ to the Eajty till the Seat rf the Empire was tramjcrrcdfrom Rome to Con-
11 intinoplc.

1. Afiiccin^ Anoimt of the ylttcntioti paid toCommncc in ^^enentl. and to this Branch in particular, ftofH
/;r/?i*/;j«''/Tr.ijan, to that '/Marcus Aurelius. j. The Stat,- of this Commerce, during that Period ^
,r!.ltly Miftakfi that have been made about it rechJLJ. j. Al'unintt Account of the Roman Emperors,
fivit the Accejjion o/ Marcus Aurcliiis, to the Death o/ Ale xuiulcr t^LVcriis. 4. this yieiv of their Reigns
C'niinucd, from M.iximiu to Aurclian. y. The Hi/ljry of r.ulmor, or Palmyra i ando/ the Indian Com-
mce carried on there, from the Rife to the De/lrttStion of that City and Principality. 6. An Account
It th fucceeding Emperors, from Aurclian to Conlbntirif the Great. 7. tHv situation of the Commerce
{///•(•Romans, at the ClofeoJ this Period.

rpi

I H E Reft which the Roman Empire h.id cn-
jo>ecl undrr two furh excellent I'rinccs, as

hh'jius antl Titus VtjpafiaH, was intircly for-

cottcn under tin; tyrannical Yoke of Domiiian, the lall
Prince ot that Family, and one of" the worll that ever pro-
(aiicJ the Imperial Purple. As he lived in Blood, fo he
(1ii\l by the Hand of an AflafTin, who thought he did the
World good Service, by removing one who had (hewn
himl'ilf an open Knemy to Mankind. He was fuccecdcd
in the Empire by CocceiusNerva, who reigned only a Year
md four Months ; and in that Time, flicwcd a laud.iblc
Intention to have remedied all the 1'', vils introduced by his
PrakcilTur : And that he might fccure the Mappinefs of
hisOuntry, in caf- he Ihould be taken oflF by an unex-
p«li\l Death, he, without any Regard to his own Family,
cliof; for liis Siicccflbr Uipianus Trajan, a Spaniard by
Birth, and one who w.is recommendal to him only for his
Vimus. The raifing this Man to the I'.mpire, Wiis not
more iiirtunate to him, than happy for his Hubjcfts -, for
ht was .1 Prince endowed with ail the Qualities that were
ncclTaiy to the Support of that high Dignity, and with
the Talents that were peculiarly requifitc to reilorc the
Rep tarion of the Roman Name, and the F'orces of a Go-
vanmint now fmking under its own Weight '.

Ilewasrajftd to the F'.mpirc in A. I), ninety-eight ;
rnJ having firtl fecureil all the Provinces on the Side of
6Vr«(7M', he bigan toturn his L'.yes to the opix)iitc F'rontier ;
lind having ordered the (iovcrnor of Syria, to enter Arabia
lit Siciy with an Army, he ilnick fiidi I'error into the
!■ ift, that fomc InJitin I'rinces fcnt tluir Ivmballiidors to
RiM, where he received them with great Civility and
Kiniinffs ". He made afterwards an F'.xpedition into the
1 ail, where he extmdcil, by his Conquelt, the Bounds of
thcF.mpire, as far as t!ie River Tyi^ris : And, having made
lanlli Mafti r of the City Clefiphon, he was again pro-
tlainifd F.mperor, and hid the Name of Parthicus given
lum by the Senate. I Ic was a great yXdmircr of the For-
tune of /ilnandcr ; and in fome Tilings alVcfted to imi-
tate him: For which Realbn, as he was now near the In-
dun Ocan, he determined to vifit it -, which Delign he
alio put in Fxecutioii. While he was at the Mouth oi the
hpkreits, he law a Ship there that was bound to the /«-
cits; with which he w.is exceedingly plealed, and ile-
claral that he would have taken that Oppoitunity of
niaking the Voyage, if he had been a younger Man than
h'.- was '.

He rendered divine Honours to AlcwvuUr the Gre it on
fne Sjjot where he died ; and often cxprcHed a very high
I'.ufem for his Virtu-s, and an carneft Delirc to imitate his
peat Dcfians for the Benefit of Mankind ; with which
View he d:rrfted a large Fleet to he built in the Rid Sea
for the Dcleiire of the Navigation on that Side -, and un-
('trtix-k himlMf the Uedudtion of I'art of Jralia, in
lw;is ()t liciiring by that means the Trade of the Fall to
h:s Subjettb, who were extremely haialfed by the con-

■ '•'n»C«/„, /,i hvi.i. ^. „,. r/inPuOf^. Aurrl. I'uhr. Eutri
'-' "li;.;,;. 78.,. /'/„. Utjuf.a. £ulicf. * Dim CajJ.ui, f. 7
;■{'"'• 7'- '»'»• Sfatiiuu. Jt-vit .iJriun. Aunt. Utt. « /•'

'■ il»i U' tbrattU W o:k of J, Hun is as follows. Arriuni EfiflJa in AJ,
' .■ ',■ 'hi. J. III,. x,y. l),^,ji, aj. S C. frdManHM, tit. xx.\\i. I 49.

tinual Piracies of the Arabians : With this View he entered
the Country of the //Iranians, which lay on the South Side
of the Per/tan Gulph i but found that Region fo barr.n
and deflitute of Provifions, that he was conllrained to re-
tire from before the Capital of their Country, to which he
hail laid Siege \ In this Enterprize, however, he fa-
tigued himfell fo much, that he kll into a Loofencfs, of
which he liied in Cilicia, after he had reigned only nineteen
Years, I Ic was a Prince careful, in all refpeds, of the
Interells of the Emfiire, but particularly of what con-
cerned the F.aft ; and, therefore, he took care to c.uifc
the Canal between the Nile and the Rtd Sea to be cleanfed
and repaired, fo that it was thence forward called the Ca-
nal of Trajan '.

He was fucceeileil, A, D. 117, by Adrian, who had been
his Ward •, and to whom, for his conllant Fidelity in all
the various Scenes of his Life, Trajan bequeathed the Em-
pire '. There were few of the Roman Princes who had
either greater Talents for governing, or the Qualities of
whole Minds were better ftiited to the Times in which they
lived, than thofe of Alrian, whofe Knowledge was exten-
five, his Temper firm, his Capacity equally great as a
Soldier, and a Statefman. At his Return to Rome from the
Faft, he rrmi'.ted at once all the Taxes due to his Prcdc-
cedbr. Then he made a Journey into the Wcftern Pro-
vinces, where having rellored all things, he returned to
/^owc with great (ilory, and, with the like FliligeiKe, ap-
plietl himfelf to Icttling the Affairs of the Ealt In the
fifteenth Ye.ar of his Reign he made a Tour into Egypt, and
refidecl for fome time at Alexandria, where he took a gre.it
deal of Pains to examine into the (.lunidter of its Inhabi-
tants, and has left us in his Letters feveral curious Re-
marks ; among which we may reckon thelc two 1 1'lrft that
though the Alexandrians feemeti to have amongll them
many Religion?, yet, in fid, thry all of them worniipped
but one IukI, wlikh w.is Gain ': The fccond, that it was
the buliell Place in the World, where there w.is no Uooni
for Beggars, fince they nude even blind Men get tluir own
Bread. 1 le tbunil the Ci:y labouring under irany Dilli-
cultics, many of their I'rivilegcs being loft by their fre-
quent Seditions ; all ot which, however, he rcftorcd, re-
paired liich Parts of the City as had liilllred in theC- Com-
motions, rcllorcil all rhe public Fountiations of the Pto-
lemies, and made It me excellent Regulations tor the Secu-
rity of Commerce. In his Return through Sjrui he re-
ceived the Submillion of the City of Pi'lmyra, as we fliail
hcreal'ter ll'.ew more l.irgely : And it was abui.t tliis time,
that Arrian unelertcok, by his L^iredion, the Examination
and ndeription of the Euxiite Sea'' : Anil, indeed, his Care
of the I'ul'lic was in nothing more k in.ukable, than in
rdloriiig tlie Sea-l.iws, and in the F'.dids he made in iavi.ii.r
of Manners '.

1':.::s .hitoninus fucceeded in the Eanpir.-, by Virtue ofliis
Nomination, A. D. ijS ; and proved ;i.s vvoitiiy a Prince
as ever fat upon the Tiinne: lie is generally calleel, in or-

fiui. .\ifi.iiw. ^- ri.-i c,'_n:i'!,u!i' r..titi. /u'd. i'u!jr.

S5. i'/i/'./'//./. 131;. /utflli.t. ' f'tc/,n: iii.lV. (. $■ ' IhiH

'cfiit de •i.ilu Aiirtiiun, i-fmfei:, Ji -vHa li'

.'ftj.m (/; fbd toifiui t'^'Ut E^xini.

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'«1

436

//;c Dirancry, ijcttlcmcnt, ^W Commerce Book

Stmw Writcn, imlral, aftnlic the Ruin of thij pK-
r.««j Oy./r, (he tirjiulltm of .lufujlus i h,t whi,|. 1

il«r to iliOinouilli Mm fi>>m the Princes "f hi\ Family,
;•(*/, lor lii>'u i.ir.i to Ills I'ralaxUbr. ami ilir Turity ol
h » l.ifc, by wIiiJi tic wo ill illulhiiiu* .t< Iromhw iinpcrul
UiKiiity : He WM naiutaliy a Ixivrr ol I'eacc, .iml llriCt in

»hrAilnunilh.itionol JiiHice: IIi»Ljicol I r.ulc wiicqiul ^^^

to tlur (•! .my ol l>it l'rcil»ctlli)r< i lor the promoting it, he I'.xpriiiiion I h«vc- alrr^ily l^wken, pe nttratnl lirthrr
ciulea all rlie I liRh nmdt throuj^hoiit the Kmpirc to be rr- uny other Himaii into .trtha \ we lli.ill f»r,|y f^f^ ^^^'*^

Ei^rcJ , aiiJ lor tliet onvinieiKy ol liuli M were engagci! in b i Millikr ; ami tlut tlii% Oyjr jivnl nimh later tl '• '
ulinrli, hr: iliieiled, that the Divrrlitin* ol the I'layhoufc to lay, withm the L'omiuJi ul the Pcriml of wlikU*"!
llioiilil begin later on tliolir Days on which the Mmhanti now wiiting. '•"•

1 1)

King Ma wrote • l.i.jc Work inrdatum to thei,t "'
trif» : Uut if we confulir wh.u Plmi lay,, thit Cj,,,/'"''
iiiily kxjkcil into Jmhia, ami that '.filmi Caiiu, ,; '"

■ ■ "' ' ,en,

imme Ji.itrly to oui SuhjcCl i but thii we know in general,
from an Oiation, th.it iiat el(:aped OriJivion, that the Com-
merce of the Kamani wa> never Utt(r protectetl, ami,
conliqiientiy, w.ii never moreextenfive or flourilhing, tlian
while the Riini ol Government were luKI by thu rxcrlUnt
Pruici*, whole tonllant Maxim it wa«, tlut the (ikjry of
the Mon.irch conliftcil folrly in the ll.ippinefs ol liis Sulv

Wire, m a iiiannrr, Mallcis of all .Iraha, lholl^h^hr'
or how, it wa« luUlucii, is a I'oint not lb calily i^iu|,^|'
nor ilo I intend to trouble my Kcadrri with a in\v\il\'
quiry into U) jir ti.lcxtd a Subitft. It i> luthntrt io, „ ^
riir|K)lc, that I have ili.iral the Mattel tliui 1^, ami ha..
Ihrwn the true I'crioil w.thiii whuh tlielo Comiiicjij „!i
nude I by the Miftakc of wimh, we mull be Icij ,3

jrft> i and by the I'rofecutton of ihii Maxim he fecurni many others, ia| .ible ol mifleading uj iiuiriy in rrwrif,

lohimfiir the peaceable I'ofTcHion of hi» Hominions while thcllillory of the /i./.<j« C'ommeice, liy iiiiiinmji w •!

living, and the grcattft KelJK^^ to hu Memory after liii Ifhtvc, that r wa» in a iltciiiung State m tl:.,t I't,^^,;

Deceale. whin, in I mth, it llounlhed moll. '

2. It i< by no mcani my Intention to enter here even Ihi* I'oit ol KiiJemtDt, whuh I beforr-mentionfil ig

into a fuCMid IMUiry ol the Roman b'.inperor^ i all I aim have Ijfcn iltftroycd, w^j afterwards rtdurcii and rriwid

.It is, to gi\c the RiadiT luth .m Account of them, as may ti'd became I'o f.iiiious a Mart lor .ill the Commoiliru' 01

render what I have to fay with regard to thu Trade, wlulc the lUll, and, witlul, was loiiu.ih IreqiKii il Ly thc'< ',.

in the 1 lands ol the Komant, \KfU{i intelligible ; that fo jc^^i' ul this I-'.mpirc, that it was tailed, by w.iy 01 |.r, ,.

Imiy avoid putting him under a NccelTity of confuhing nciuc, the A«»i<w Tort v and n the very fin.c wliiilu,r„„

niany othtr Books, that he miy Ixr able to undtrlUnd this -, talletl JJen, a Name tlut figniiln neaily t'lelanie thx'ui

a Fault wlikh having often obferved in other Works of ^irahn, that hnJcmoH did in G>«l, aeeorilm(^ to the wlf.

this Nature, icndcnd m; the more rarrful in avoid- known C'uflom of the Jraiians, wlio ivcry-wlicrc r.lVrj

ingit. We have an ajiticiit Writer who has given us a tl'e old Names of I'laees that they ktotne MiIIitki.

Very complete Defcnption of tlie ALr: I.nikr^um *, or It is alfo very clear, tliat, at tins I'linc, tho Romni v.i

Red Sta ; whieh has Itng polf, under tiic N.ime of Jrrian, ried on a great J'radc in Countries mikh IxyonJ iht I :•

Hi 1 have hinteil, more tnan oner, before ; but is I think, mits of their Knowlcdur in loriner 'riincj, that is tJijv

1 anfwcrably llicwn by the le.irned Mr. DcJuiU to have along the C(ulh of Mdlia, Poju, Curnhja, Andilvf'.

U.n written by Ibmc other Author. 1 h;s Writer. sv!io- ninfulaoi Malacca ; but they were Ibll as Ur Irom bc.rj

ever he is, lias Ihcwn us, tliat, within the Compafs of Time aoqiuinteel with the Spice Countries as cvir. Tlie Aithu'r

tricntioned in t!ii$ Scdtion, there were very great Improve- vf the Dcrtiption of the Red Uta lioes uu'.ecJ ifc.k d

iiKiits m.idc mth-; Navigation of the AV'/w« I to this Fan • -• - ...
cl the World: And, therefore, I am not a little iuprifed,
tlut fo learned a Man as Bithop Iluti (Tiould luggelt, that
the Trade to the JuJits was funk in fome mealurc till re-
s ivcd by 'riujun, and fupjwrtrd by the Meet which he
la'jlttl to k- fent iiito the R(J Sea. The avowed IXfigii

fcf tlut Fk-et wastocrulh the I'lratcs in thole Seas : But , _ -

thclc fort of Fi-op!e never trouble any Seas where there is bili;y, thought to \x that which is now talled''/J,K

not a great Trade carried on ; and, therefore, the building It was by the piodigious I'rotits arifing lioni tliiiCom-

fuih a Fleet was by no means a I'roof, that the Tr*Je of mcrce, that, on the one hand, tiie Fcoj Iccf ./.Vvir... 1

tlic InJitj was at tlut time any way lefl'enal, but rathej grew lo rich, and fo mutinous, .is .ill the 1 liltona' : .:

the contrary. The Seirct, and true Dcfign, ci Trajan' i theic Timts rcprefcnt tlictn 1 and ih.it, cm tiie otbr lu ,

equipping this Fleet was, tlut it might facilitate a Project the Kcman FmjKn<rs, of whom w have ken Ipakirg,

lie then had ol rivalling .-Cexamier by the Conquefl ol the and who were by far the b« ft, if we except one or twu lU

Indies ' ; And the Kealon he laid it afidc was, that he U-- tniuyed that Dignity, were engigcd to nuke lii nr/

the River Canj^a, and of the Cmintrn-s lying on tticGin
ol Bengal, but not \sith the fame Atcui.uy;h.it Uu: i
of other I'latrs , Iroiu whence, I think, it iii.iy he t„: ;
condudeil, that he drew ti,e Acuimts he lu.l ot;:i.:i
from Hearfay, that is, fioni the Ki ports which the Riwa
Merchants received at Jiarygaz^t and M:(~iri.i, which wcj
Forts ol MaLuui ; and tl c latter i^, witli gn-.it I'ro^-

gan to fufjx-ft, that it would be imixjITiblc to keep fuJi
Conquefts, cv^ n fuppollng it polliblc to make them.

lie, tturclore, bcg.in to turn his Fyes towards .-habia,
«ith a Hcfign to eftaliiilb, and even to inlarge the Con-
queft that ha.1 been nude by his Lieutenant Cornelius Palma.
Of thcfe ConquflU wc luvc very indiftinft Accounts in
1 Iillory ; for they mull luvc been much more confiderablc
.th.in t'lofc Account; nuke them, lincc there arc yet ex-
t.mt feveral Medals llruck on taking of Towns in that
Country. It is hkcv.ilc very certain, that either Trajan,
or fomc of the Emperors who Uicceeded him, reduced the
i;reateft Fart of Jr.u'ia tie Happy under their Dominion ;
f'jr the \\ riter I have Utlorc nieiitioned, who ddciibes the
Red Sea, Ipc.iks of a I'ort without the Streights of Babtl-
manJd, called lu.Ui.on, or the Happy \ which, he lays,
was Icjrmerly a Flacc ot very great Cotnmerce : Hut a little
tefort eur Time, coiuinuc-s he, it was dejircyed by Carfar '.

N'lliis to that City in particular, and to take lb ninchC;':
a-s they d:d ol all 'Filings relating to Trade in f^frcraii
which had an cxiraordiiury Flfedt on the Manner; ti tli:
Romans, and altered their Notions to fucli a Degrcr, th.:
even the moll loiiliderablc Fcrlbns of the I- iiiinrc, W
Biith and Quality, were not at all allunicii ot tKcom;.';;
Merchants -, and this, in all I'robability, was the C'iu;.,
that their Capitals became larger, and their '1 la.lc tliwiifi
t-gypt much more confiderablc than in lormir iIiiks. lluv
tar tliis might contribute to the coiruptin>; liieMinils il
the Feople, by the increaling Luxury, I Ih.ill not pntcrJ
to determine ; but, moll cett.un it is, that the 'I'inu-s ca
not appear to have been worfe within this I'ericxl, li-
rather better ; and, therefore, it Icems more agrwabti'
Truth, to attribute tlut Corruption ol Maiiivrs wlik.'i * >
allerwaids vifible amongft the Roniani, and had v.tyr '
ruined their Empire, to the bad Lxainp!c oi futCfct;;:.;

pr.nieu.n ux fc,U \olurnr ol l)r //,i«V. L,MM,o„ of anuenHJcogr.pi;.,., u.«Je, .h. lule „( .irr.Mm r,..,!. V^r

bThhCurin;-!':'^'''
t,jt'.-tu »li-"'' '

r.i,.,oii J .-K « Wc luve tl... CircumlUn« f,u„, A./r,/,„ ; ,nd the Kc-Jcr. by co..luliii.g D», C«7.», will fit,d. itin ii.<: ^"'«' ' ■"

I. Pum • ;

chap. 11.

of the li A s T I N I I': s.

4)7

III'

I'niiuS t'>>" '»* f'"" R''^'" ^^*' "'''' ^''^' *•" 1"'"""'' '" "l"'"
turn t'V (heir c-xtiMlivL' Triulc. Ol ili. li- I'niw ■ • , ,iml ..I
ti, ;r It luluct, It 11 nacirjry, ihat wr Oinul I My lonirthiin;,
iiiriii M irdiivf the 'Ihr .III of iiiir I lill<iiy, anti tli.u
t'l, OinnuliDii iiviy Iv pnfcrvnl thioiich'iiit i Inir, .it the
I ',„, ,,|„c, wf lh.*ll "('• "ll l'<>llil)li' Miwity, it) iirJcr to
tj.uii tliivSi:tiwii wiilim liut Huuiuls.
" -. ,U. //tf'Vi'/KJ .iHt'niMin, liirM.inidl ih Philofofibfr,
lifn'nl .himnia hut, ,7. /->. i(>i. ..n.l .iij. (i.itcil fu-
■m Dru! in tlii' ( iovcTunu-iU, wlmli w.is iIr- tiilt lime
\\vcR:}MHi liail IcPii twi) l''.tn|>tr(ji-, .it oik<' ; nriilur h.i<l it,
ii;;ib Iiiilanri', .my ill t.'onlciitr.'m c : l-nr, .is M. .lurdius
^,; ,viilly ilkrnifd tlic very (nil ot all tli, Rcnutn V.m-
[,: s lo Im CVlKi'.ije l.Hi'ii', iluii'i^', tlip nine Ycin
ItliiiUiHV'. Ivli.ivcti rnwiriK litm widi .ill that Mmldly
nlKHlHCt, whi' li w.u tlin' Ikmii liini to tlr.- Autliur ot'
;,> iiriJtncH. Alter Ins IXri.ir-, \f. .lurdnn j^ iwniril
^l,i;ii' with the utrntft VViUlom .iiul MoJcratimi, nij'Jirt-
! " liotliing ihittiniiiJ (oiiti-ibiire to nuint.iimii;', thr (.^icat
U'Viit r litlvl r.iinnl, ami rcniiin;;, at inrc, tlu I .ovc
„uililn'm lit liu .Siil>|i i't<. I Ic ni.ul- a Vilit to /,.';/'/,
Ill'/' littanili Ycai of Ins Krign i ami tin ii/Ji th-: Inlia-
Im;:s h.id, J 1 ttic Ixtori', (luwn an Imlinatii.n tui'Voit,
v.-thUhavdl towariU tlimi very kimlly, aiulrMirw. d all
i!ii r I'livili^CT' : •'^o tliat there is nut the katt Union to
iW.T, I'uttlw 'FYuie of rlu Homaiis through tliatCouutry,
»<• puirval in in lull I \t. nt.

H:» Sun C;//iwfl./w, who (iicrreiliil him ii\ the I-'mpirc,
A U, I So w.T' as witkcil aiul ciutl a i'rinte, .\, Ins 1m-
th:r luiU'ccn jull aiici vntuous : IIih Kii;j;n was u eoiiti-
w J .Scene ol Ulool ami Deh.iiKhtry •, anil as tli- 1 .:np;re,
L'l ;'' iifral, liitl'frtil ix(i(i!in!;ly tiiuler his liamlalous ;\ii-
ni'ihation, lo the I'r.ule di flu- I'all was p.irtcularly en-
I r nil liy an Irruption ot the .Swrrtic/r', who were now
ti ll Haai of ill Wr.'/;/.;, wli:rr they difwited the Roman
.\::ri(s, in tlir la!l Yeirot t.hc Kei^n of tins I'rincc ", who
uij ii;ur Icriil by foine ol his I-'avoiiritcs, that he h.ul in-
t.niol ro remove in the 1 ime Way.

Ih':!us Perllititx wasraif.il to thel'.miiire in ./. 1). lo^.
I' iljv his Riii^n w.u vMy Ihort, I ihoul.l not ilwell iijion
I a; .ill, but liir the lin^iil.ir Cireumllaiiee of his Nan"',
»l<:i!ili^niiii5 {)I)lliMati , anvl was|',iv. n him tor .i R^Mion
! ; t!u' Kcjittr may, peth.ii'S, tlntik w'nrt!i his N<itue.
IIk father wai a Woo.lmon^'.er •, but, havn^^ aeiniirid a
tM 'iittrahle Foitiine, f.c w.is willini!;, th.it Ins >on Ihoiilvl
Uv.ir.tfrdthe World in anoth'.r Chir.u-ter, ih.m rlut of
iTnlvri to whicli, howcvrr, he w.is To ihongi/ in-
I ; •.', tlucili his lather'.^ I'litiurion, t..i lome time, h.i.l
nKcrt: Atul !rom theme he w.is e.i'.led l\-ri:ii.i\' ". I |e
a'; iTil hi< L'.nJu.'lalf.Twar.K, and role ngul.irly, throii",li
akm;; .Scries ot Civil and Military l-'inployinents, to the
I'.irpr^.' : With Ins Preferment to whiJi, all Dej'/tes of
Hiil'lj were [iL-afed, exctjit the .Sol li.-rs, who, after a
R!,,'ol ihriTiMon'li'^, niurd-.-rcd him '.

.\::n iih Diath tollowed mmy DilUiibinces ; butatl.itl
• I /'. i';j. .'>'r:v.-,v( was r.iif (l to the I'mpire, in whieli,
l".*ivir, hi- lia.l Nr^^er, who was deilirtd I'.mp.ror 1 1
in.' btl, f(ir his L'om|H-citor. in the btlh Year of h.
'{■!i;a, lieentnal .Ini/'ui with an Army, and laid Sie}^ m
^■''■J, the fame Plite that h.ul been toinu-riy ait.;i..t.l by
.'.';. I, out o: ,1 covitous Dilj'olition, and th.ii h.' mij.i,ht
ijuk'' himflt Milbr ot the v.ill We.iltl-, th.it he laider-
i-'*lwas iiuhe I'l.iee ; but he w.is rvj'iill'.\l wnh ['.reat
I "S .ini! li.nrd to retire. I lis Pallion tor Moruy, how-
'* ', was lo [hw.g, that he rctiiriud thither a reoiul
'111-'; and h.id eertainly taken the I'laee, if his C"ovet(nil'-
"rls \ui not hindered him : i or the ihx .u h bein>; made. In;
« a;:;)rclie:iiive, th.it his .Sojilicrs, if they took it by .Storm,
«<kM lh.ire the I'lunder amon(^U themlelves -. and ihen-
' '•■ lie wmiLl needs j^ive the Belirj'.ed time to eaintulate,
*•■■ 1 th'.y employed in repairing the Hrcieh ; and did it to
\r '"''"■" '''■" ''"^ iioman Army refiileil to return to the
•n.i'j't : So th.it he was obliged to raife the Siege a licond
'ITC '. ■]■;„., Iiiilance futheiently lliews us, to how .'/ear
■•".■i-iit of I'owcr the I'lyhti of their Trade had, in thole

1>.iy», railiil the /trahians, fiticea fnull rrirrl| ilif/.iiiKmRlt
th. m, w.i< »,ip,ibl( tit' deteiidiiij; itt I ,<b< itii s .n;;aii tl twu
huh i'liiK.s a-. 'Itvian and Sivtrix ; And w; niiy ailij tu
thi^ another i^reat I'tiiicc no kfs powerliil, viz, .■Irtaxf^sfs
wlio ri--ill.il)lilhrd the Impiie of the P,;/!,ni<. In thf*
(iK cfedin'? Yc.ir Sn'triis vilit. d /-i'v/-/, .im! i.ade f mie .Si.i/
\n.!l,-\,iii.l,i,i, uii, 1,- Ik- ri'p.iiud ilu- lombot /V«(/)iiy, ami
urantul to th • City a .Seii.iie and publiik (.ouneil, wliirli
intlurio the lim.inf liul condanrly rtfulld tir in '. Thi<
J'tnperor tr.ivi lied over all /'ev// i ini|iiireil c-..ri.lu!:y inn)
fvrrjr thin^ ih.it lol.ited eitlic r to hii (Jov. rnment, «jr <. om-
men:' i and, h.ivint; lien theHo.lyof ,-//.i/»«./*r, he ordirij
the Tomb to lie walled up, that others minht nor fatid/
th. ir (.uiiollry in like manner", Ilis .^on Ortcri.'/fj llx-
'■edril liim, -/ I). ;ii, and proveii .i, prtat a Tyrant at
aiy that had Inihrrto fit upon thr 'I'lirone. J lewas, jiovv-
ever, txtiuiK ly toi:>l ot' l-g\fi i and admitted one Ctr.muj,
uii i/tx,inl)i<in, into the Senate of A'o/.c, contrary to tlij
ill.tbhlliid M.ixim »\i .lu^^iijiiis, tliat no /'xyftitiu fliouhi
ever n.t.r that An '.ull .\llembly \ 'l'owai\K the | .tu! of"
Ins Kei^ii, lu w. nt to J/csan Iriii iip-on a v. ry odd I' rr.uid :
1 le h.iit h aiii, th.it tlie People treated his Vavi and bollus
witli ll.iiiid .iiid Coiit'iiipt : He, under I'retenee of vifit-
in;', It, ab he. 1 atlvr had tlone, enti red if with his Troops j
and, haviii(' (hretted them to kill, withcut DillmiHion, all
they met, .1. Iboyed :in iiilinit' Numlur ot ,ill Ranks and
Aj,'. s. ; le atrerwatdsubolillu I duit I'liMleiv-s ■, dilboynl
a i^r. ,,t l'..rt ol tin. I'ity •, de ii..ihflvd the Muieum ; b.t-
iiiihe.l fill learnt ^ Men »•. nj jivi-.l tluiv, and all Straiy; r.s,
Menhai t* only excepted, to whom he voa hiafed his ipe-
ti.il I'rctec.ifin '. This i y rant was loon alter ki!li ', in
.in I'.xpeiiit' ,n he mad- nto the I'.ai* ; to i. j^reat J.y ot"
the S ■nate .ind I'e.iple of A'- /;;»•,

Murinit!, one of his 0.];etr«, .> 'd his Murder, r .I'lo,
fii. . ee.'ed hini ; Hut we iiiul n. ■ .i ' in his Kei^^n, nm tli.ic
of his Sueeell'or, thj txe.i-.il);. /.V.'/jf.;//.;/.,- , wniiliy ut"
Notice.

. llLSi!>i.!<r Sevrri, , w.i! ■ I'lfed to tlie Kmpirc while a I^n-,
./. /). 222. Jle I ovtd an excellent Prince, and a yi '..t
H!e(!in[5 to the iMupiro; and, biin^r g<)\iri',ed, liirir,. .i.i
wh )!■ Uri;;'!, by very wife .null rudentC.oui. Ills, didcv.r/
Thiiij; tli.u lould be exptvt'.l trom him, for proniotiii^;
the \\Ml.ir.' and ILijipii, fs of his Suljecl'. I le w.is par-
iiuilarly atteiuive to Tr.ndf, .nn.l the I'.afe and L'oii.i.at of
t'licli as were eti!;.v^ei' 'a. it. 1 le took oil" m.iiiy of th" l.i -Ji
Puties impof-d by his PreileeelTors : And it is i'e:r..;.kaliK-,
that he w.is the full ot the /^chm;/ Ilmpirois wli) ivudc
any ndlinction between M.rehaits, .iml '['radelii en or
Mechanics i wiiich he did by liividini; tlu'iu iiro li par,;:.!
(-'o'iip,uii'.s, and .ipjioiiitin;^; Ju 'g -s to Iv ir and .'.eide tiie
Dilp'.itcs that mi^^Iit arife amonj^it the M. nib.rs of cither
Coinpany. 'I o wards the Paid of his K.ij;n, lie mad.e an
Kx, v'.'.nn into the I'.all •, from wli.ncc lie r. turned vi/lo-
ri. d wa.s hoiioured widi a 1 riumph. Hut the .Sol-

diers, who wcie, in a great meafure, orr.ipted by the
l.irence allowed them under torn-.cr I'.inperois, b ii [■; no
Ioni',er ,ible tt b. ar tlie ."^tiicln li of his Dil'ciplinc, or t nduie
the J'uri:y ot hi, .Mannern, took an Opportunity to niuider
him a liitl; alter Dinner, when he was kitalmolf akmr, in
Ins lent, inthe tweiity-fcventh Ye.ir of his Ae,e, ai.d tour-
tecnili of his Keii^n \

4. 1 he extci.ible Murder lA' fo good an I'mpcror was
followed by tlio Soldiers ilttini? up a pj;l.cl Moiilbr, both
111 Body an.l Mind, called Maxnnin ; wln^h obli^v d t!io
Senate to let up o:h. v Paiiperors, in order to |)rcler< i fume
l)cj;r( e ot Decciicv 1,1 the CJovernment, whiihthey l''um.l
v.ry dillicult for tlumtodo, the Army beiiu; as muJi
b.nt t ) maintain tlieir Power, as the S.n.ite Wire to liip-
];ort tin ir .\iiihoiity : P.ut at Kill ;\ A; v »/.;/, on wlioli' Ac-
count tlkie Dillurb.uiccs be^^.iii, beir.t; iliin, anil (icnl.ui/t
an.l his Nephew, who wer. exalted to the biinpnc in tlic
Year 2 <6. beiiii; llain alio, the People would nenis havj
a Share in makir.j^ I'.mperors -, ami thcitluie obliged the
Senate to declare the younger (krMiin, who was a Hoy of
thirteen, and the third ol' his N.iiiK', .ingiijliis. It is natu-

."■"■■•■•''■"■■ '''■•.;. U- '■ Ht'-'M.!", I:': iii. Spj,l:.!'l. .Ul'il.

'■''' '.'* luni. Ht,odi„<,. lik. ii. Capitjiia. di I'li.i Ptit„i,i.i<.
' '^'^pmlianJtl':IJ Stvtr. " lii-n CtiJ:uu IJi.W.

V ' '^','"» .li. I. Ci/r:'i. it.'.-x. p. bi'j. HtriJian, ;ii vi.

•Ni..Mll. 1)

P :,--

' C;*//. .',./. ./•• /V/.i Pirtina^is, ** D^on

' i):.ii C.aJMS, /,.'-. U.w. Hu<i.iijn, /'» lii f Did C,i ui,

f. ^5;. /./'. l.i.vi. /. Z'ji. ' />..-■< C'.'/'a/, Hi. h.xv.i. lie ..',..■«,

5 I «1

fli

I, ill

'^ i ■!

^V'

•^i

.i:i

>i\ i;,

43S The Dilcovcry, Settlement, jW Commerce Book I.

1 !

:;:■' ?''

fj; • I'i

'! ■; ■'■

Ti\ ti) UippolV, that, in tlic Miilll of tliefc ConfufionJ, the
vvliolf DiiuiK.my oX the Fiiii-ta lulVtral ; ami, iiulfcii,
luiural iiuvav'l'.irt, by the Ambition otthiir Governors,
who all mugiiial. tliat, by coiiitini; the IVopIc under
tluii .Siib;i:tu)n, thfy might be ablo to rail't: thcmUlvts to
SoviKi^nty. riif Army, iliUiaimnt; the Youth ot Gordian,
luiilil iLanf Ik- iHituiilcd to follow him to the Perfui
War ; anil tho* he was there rutid^liil againll the I'neniy,
yet lie touml it impollible to triumjih over the Malice o\
his own riu)ps, who, taking the Opportunity, when he
li.ui tew ol his Kriemls alxjut him, aiul being headed by
rii!:p, who W.1S the Captain ot' his CJuard, murdered him,
when he had held the I'.mpirc about lix Years '.

.\/. 'Jii'.ius l-l-i!ippui, who had thus betr.iyeil hit Trurt,
and iiuirdered his I'rince, was, bythcAimy, raifedtothc
hmpire. \ !c wa^ an /irnhian by Hirth, and attended, lb
(.u .is ih', l):lli!ibaiKes of his Kcijni would give him Leave,
to t!iv Co:Ktrn'. ot tiic Goveriinvi.t with yreat Diligence ;
lut a Stdit;oii riling in his Army, and he lending De.itis
to quiet it, tile Soldiers threw .in imiKrial Mantle over his
Shouldirs, ai,d, devlanng tor him againll Phihp, a Battle
was lixm afttr l(.uj^lit between thim, m whieli the latter
was llain, a'cra (liort Keign ot" lour Years. This Df <:<(/;,
who wa^ .1.". //.vwfuv. '..-'.• by Btrth, governed the l-'mpire with
Kepi '.i!;t)n liir t\w> Yeats and an lull, and w.is then Hain
III a Ba:t!c ;ig,u; ll the Galls, by the I'reaehery ot Flbtus
(.'<:/..•/;, w!'.()liieecLded him m tlie I'.mpire, and aii'oeiated his
.S(.n I'dufhin ; but they tcarce held it long cnougii to be ac-
counttil t.mjxtors : tor tiic Scythians, and other barbarous
Nations, inva ing the Roman 'I'erritorie.s (,n all .Sides, who-
ever lu.; Cuuiage and Fortune enough to refill thel'e Bar-
barians, was 1 reTentiy Jaluied Fnipeior by his Soliliets :
And thus thi Mifery ot the L'.mpire was Imrealedby what
ought to h.ive bi-en her Defence, the having many brave
Men, ai..i gotKl Otliecrs, in her Service ''.

It was m tills manner that .■F.inilianus, an .ifman, was
r.iif.d to thi- I'lirj le, which lie held but a few Months ; lor
another .\rniy having m(Klamtd I aUnan, who was a Man
«it Quality M\A grear .\D;l:ties thi- Army that hail chokn
.r.miiuin, tiiougiit proper to dilpatih him out ot the way,
rather than involve thtmf.lves in any Danger alxmt a ilil'-
puted I'liie. ri;e I-mperor /<i.Vr;j« all'umed the Purple
J. D. 2:5. anl, having a great Reputation, brought the
AiVairs (jt tlic A'lTw,.''! Guvirnimnt into lome Order 1 for,
having repuf.d ihe Gcrnums on o:,t .Side, and the Ge//u 011
the ctlur, he rLiulved to maieh lumiclf againll the Per/tans,
wlio had creatii! new DilV.irbar.ns in the I'Jtl. In the
Year 25S. he wa^ at Htzaniiuw, in his Way towards the
l-jlt ; and, luving fpuit tiie next Year in a llowW.ir againll
the Po/ir.ns, it Came, in the Year tull(,wing, to .1 decifive
I'.e;' igeii.nt, m whk.'i lie wms Ixaien, a!id afterwards
t.i!.- ;i I'lil'Mn'T .

1 le I. .Ill ali'.A.at.d his .Son GallientiS in the Empire, fixin
aftir he was railid to it-, and tliis .Sein iiuv, fucceeded him
1:1 t!u- imptrial Dignity, and goveineil alone near nine Ye.irs,
but widvjut eidur I'eaie ur Kiputation 1 tor he gave him-
lell ii;> to a lu\viiii>us and iiuiolt lU Life, without taking the
leall Care to Irct his Latlitr out ot the Hands of the Pcr-
Jiam, or to j revuit his Dominions lioin being over-run by
the i.umeroi.s .Annies of Barlarian% tli.it attacked them on
either Suie. Wl.ile -Aifairs wire in this I'ollute, almoll
« vjry gre.u IVovmce gave the Title of Lmperor to who-
ever lommanded in it 1 an 1 Ifspi, among the nil, where
the Country wa-, ruinal, and t!u City ot AU\andnii delo-
lal<d by \\ ar, I'ellilente m\A |- amine, all at one time.
Theic Miliriis, however, weie not fulTicient to hinder
them triitii cre-inng new l)ilUirb,u.ccs i tor in the Year
262. tlay gave the Title of l-ni^H-ior to J<milian, who
was then I'relrot ot /^^/r, .igaii.ll whoiii Gallien lent Theo-
licliis, who, was an l.ysjlt^m 1 y Hiitii, and who having Unit
up .f.milntn in the liru.htion,\,x I'alace ol .lUxanJrui, at
I..II nude him I'rifoiu'-, .md la that (.'ondlnon lent him
to I^omi, where, Liy the Ouier ol the Knipi ror, he was
firai I'J -d. In tliis iintoriunate Dil'pute the City ot .iltx
mdiiu AilTried very fevcrely lor j the Brudium, or royal
Quarter which w;is very large, and vtiy inagnilirent,

' Hi,.,ru'i, ilf. H. T.ifim. hh \ t.ulrtf tih. <) ^' Orcfiut,

llill. Ill \it. (Jrt/:^,, ii't, vn. y.ij'im lit. t. Enlrtf lit.ix. .lutiin
Vli P'l'iiJ' tri^itr. •fj/an r mfeniui l.^lki. • /^'i^. /,»

« i (./-/.». ».ii y * />;,„, Sui. //,;,'. lii. V. (. 1-

was intirely dcftroyed, antl rendered del'eit-, f,, ,1^
fucceeding '1 imes the Rums of it were at Ibmc Diij, '"
from the Ciiy, whiih, we may heneecuniKidc, bepanib!!t
this Time to decline 1 and no W onder that it ilnl f,
the whole Roman Lmpire was now vihbly linking un'i- r
own Weight, and crumbling into as many I'arts ai'iLr-
were Provinces '. ' '

The/^«»i<J»« I'eople, I'crceiving tnatr/J.';,!;;^ tooklu:;-'.
Care of .AtVair::, began not only to lute, hut to iVf |.
him. This created foine Inliirreftions in liah; anic' t
hems putting himlelf at the Head of an Army, iliot"-
to reprefs them, he was there nninhrcd ; .md tijun'aiitr
his Son and his Brother were cut olV at Rmt. Ilth'i
tor his Succellbr Claudius Goihuus, who reuived iluts"-.
name for a great X'ictory he obtained over the C'«i>j ,,
whi^h he dellroycd three hundred thoulaiul of thnii, a^^a
Ibnk two thouland of their Ships or Barks, lorwlu'u s
.Senate ilecreed him a golden .Shield, and i/iderttllm Su-
tue to be lit up in tl*e Capitol. The Roiium begin r,o«
to conceive Hopes ot teeing bett.-r D.iysi and imltvd ilu!:
is no Inllance of any I'lince, w!io, ilum.g io tlioit a Kn. -,|
made liimkll lb much beloveil, lince he died, at thcti;!-
of his I'econd Year, at S\imium ''.

He recommended, on liii Death-bed, y,i!erius Aunli-
anus, whom he had lent into '/Vv.«c ag.ur.ll th" Gi/ij •,
but the Army, inllead of pioclainung hini Em[)cri)r, fc
up !^iinli!!us, the Brother ot Claudius, in a fit o:Zalfu
that Monarch's Memory -, but, tindiiig their new Kiipcrc:
a Man ot ti'o fcvere Morals tor thofe licentious timcb, ;;,;y
murdered him in a Fortnight, and proclaimed thtPcM,
whom Claudius recommended. This Jurelsan, who «.s
railed to the Lmpire in 270. was a Perlbn of great m\.v
tary Capacity, a Lover of rtria Difcipline, arnli mcvr;
rili)e(ft, proper to reftore the dillracted Affairs e; ir.e
Fnipiie, and to retrieve the antient (iloiy of the Alaui
State. Hi loon freed the WellernProwiiees fiuni the.b
prelnnflbns they were under, Irom their barluruiis Ncu>
[jours 1 and, having hkewile fettled the donulliiOcuiM.".-.!
ol the l-.mpire, to the Satist.iilion ol the Senate, hilxp
to turn his F'.yes towards the I'.all, white a iiewl'uw;rwu
erected, and had alUimed the imperial Title: But i>i:;
Rile and I'rognlsot this I'ower, h.is a veiy c'lole In. ■
e'tion With our Subjrct, it is r.nefTary, that we fluul: .■
amine ii more at large ; which will eii.ible us to take r.:.,;
ot many Partiiulars, tiat muftotheiwiL- have been U:.::
in Oblairiiy '.

5. While the Romiiii lmpire vvai. thus torn by intcft.-:
Confurions, and while m.itiy Woie tiie Title ol Lmpc.on,
with Power enough to oppnls, and too hid: to put;.:
their .Subjctls, a new I'miiipality ll.'.rtrd up, er rather::-
covered if Power to the World j ot whiili, ai 1 i.j :
already rved, lam nrcelVaiily obliged to fp; A r.c«

at large, . caufe it owed that Grandeur, «iiichii iXjlili'rJ
in Io high a Degree, intircly to the Commerce ot ih? iv
dies ; io that it may ferve us for an Inllance, thatthr.-:!
no Situation lb wild, as not to b;- improved and rcni;::c.:
|;lcaliint i no Country lb barren, as not to admit u! C-::-
vation ; no Spot of Ciround Io unhappily place.', i> - -
to Ixeome theSrat of Plealure, if, by any -Art ur lo-
tiivance, any Commerce ot Importame laji !)« ■•^•-
there.

TiiePLice, of which I am to fpeak, w.isorlsinaliy '-"
by King b'olomon, alter lu- had conquired the K::igi':"-''
niaib Zoba, a little Saturn Prince, w.tl;i:i whole l)un:;:;(jr.'
the Country lay, uj)on which tins City was alnrv^.;:-"
ere-iled. It w.is cdUd by Solomcn \ fiiMur ; aai lro:ii'.:i
Situation 111 the midll of a fandy Deleit, wiiich lurPJ.xi'-
it on all Si.ies, Tadmar in the Uildernc^). liu:, ■"» =
Sin^'^ularity ot its Situation was lu'Iicient 11 il">nn vi--
evir attentively lonlidered it, to in the Decline u!W
Greek I'.mpiiv 111 the i:all, 11 became a trie City, or ri'^^^
the Iliad ol a hiiall Pr,;Kipality, w^^'-^-: ^^'^ '^^^,'[
Piilmsra, Irom whence th.- Countrv under 1:^ J'''''"'"'''
was call.d Pahnyrcne \ This City and Country Jr: v;:)
Will delenlK-d by I'ltiiy. ,,

Palmyra, fays he, is e.>ccJlently fnuated, .is wci i.i ■■■

III ni Zaji-n III I. r.ulrtf. lit. IX Avii \ithr. ' ■■'"*

ili'i.hr. ' Eu.'lllM.. Ill Vii. Ci:ri.l /.I I / iyr

I t'jiliiii,lil.ya Oj^Ih., i'ii\u. Emir^j ni. >*•

< Q.,^. ■■•■
.■.'».|.i" '*

Chap H.

of the East I n d i k

43P

of kiwiii • i "i^ ""■"■ -"'"^ "•/ ">.i"i.v,ii iiii.i.nv>iiii5iiLjr 111.1 yi.iy Miiuiy, aiiu Willi mucn ti^itetrn. U

iMiipircs ot Riii'C ami Partbta, when the Difputes be- to Alcw^, ilie was led tnrough tlic City, as a

ra,,n thtni wtri- at tlir iiigliill, having the Parihitins on Victory j anti the A'(7?m« Writers aerce. thai

'*"' . , 1 ,, 'I- ;. .i,_ \»;_a f.. .i. .. .■ .. - ,- „ . •? ' ...

„iiJ to tlu' I'lcalaiitnel-. of the ailjacent Country, as from attempted to make her Efcape: But, Aurelimt bciiiT in-

\ iric.it Aliiimlaiue of Water. And t!us little Territory torined ot it, caufed her to be purfucd ; and flie was over-

■^,i„s to Ix; let apart I y Nature lor a peacetui and undif- .taken on the very Banks of the Euphrates '. Junliaii wa«

turlvil U.taat, beinfj lurrounded on every Side with liry lar from treating her with Severity : He re'"n-vcd hcrin-

a„d lumly Uclaits wiiitli reaeh as tar as the very Confines deed for his 'I'riiimph ; but, in other rcfpefts, he treated

of .hit'id'- 'I"!"'* '''',''■■ ,^'^'*; '^y IJrtwecn the two mighty her very kindly, and with much Efteem. On his Kenirn

Proof of hiS

- - o --, that there never

the I alt, and the Koman lerritory on the Weft •, fo that was leen a more magnificent SpcCtatle. She was, in her

ii iv.-.nal to be perpetually in Dangcrj and yet, though Ptrfon, of the largell Size, but exquifuely beautiful. I

cxccuhiigly rieli, it was 16 wifely governed, as to efcape mention the Circunillance of htr Stature, bccaufe we are

anv !;>•'•'' ^-^^^ during all thole Confufions -, and never j)artieularly told, that the Jewels (lie wore upon this Oc-

n^ "ny S"*' ^ la/.aril except from Mark Jntoty, who, ealion, were fo many, anil lb large, that they were a great

Ix ;.i; i!illri"'*:J tor Money to pay his Army, lint a Burden to her, and tired her to llich a Degree, that, though

B.J.v of 1 lurlc to plunder it ; but the Inhabitants, h.iving a lliuiig Woman, and much uled to Hxercife, flie \vaS

Ni::,;of liis Intention, removed their KtVeds, and fo forced to halt leveral times in her PafTage '. After this

... ntid that Delblation with which they were threatened', fitiguing Ceremony was over, flic had a Country-houfei

Th. >uurfc of Its great Wealth was the Share it had in the given her near the Tiiier, where fhe lived many Years,

ConinuTCc of the hdies. This Commerce was thus car- with her Family, in great Honour, and in perfeft Tran-

rieJ on : Tlie Goods were brought by Sea to the Mouth quillity. She was indeed, in all refpeds, the moft accom-

ot t!ic Euphralcs, anil, perhaps, a little higher ; and thence ))lillied Lady ot her Time, and equally remarkable for her

thiy wire feiit by Land in Caravans for Ibme hundred uiiblemilhcd Chaflity, her extenfive Learning, her maf-

\liKs through the Deferts to Palmyra, which flood one culinc Courage, and tier deep Policy.

Dav's Journey from the Euphrates, one hundred and If the Inhabitants of Palmyra could have forgot tlie

tw.iityleven Miles from Damafius, and alxjut two hun- Figure they made under her keign, or could, froiu her

i.rtd and three Miles from the maritime Coall of Syria, by Example, have learned to bear a Change of Fortune with

till I'ortsof which it dil'pcrfed thefe Goods to all the dif- Uilcretion, they might have efcaped without fufferingmuch

fcTint Parts of the Roman Empire, that did not imme- by this unlucky Accident ; but believing, after JureliaH

i:..t>!yiorrir[ionil with the Port of jilexantiria. was returned into £«r»/)f, that there was no Danger of his

Whtn Tr.ijiin overturned the Parthian Empire, the
rriiicipality o( Pa.'inyra declared tor the Romans ; and
,.'. y. I jo. they liibmitted themfelves to Adrian, who
v.ivthin inarching with his Army from Syria into Egypt;
mIh) was fo well pleated with die Situation of the Place,
ar.l the Behaviour ot the People, that he granted them the

coming back, they cut the Throats of the SoldiiMs he liad
left in Garifoii ; which iiicenfed him to fuch a degree, that
he took a Hidden, and yet inflexible Relblurion, of march-
ing in Perlbn to chaflife them •, which he accordingly did ;
and having, with little Oppolition, made himfelf Mafler
of the Place, he caufed the Inhabitants to be deflroyed
l':;v:!fgcs of a Colony, and adorned the City with fo many without Mercy, and gave the City to be pillaged by his
kaiitiKil Structures, that the Inh.ibitants, in Compliment Soldiers ; which produced fb dreadful a Defolation, that
to tl'.tir Btnetador, called their City for tome time Adri- even the Emperor himfelf, who was far enoi gh from being
mfc '. From the Time of Adrian, to that ot Aurelian, of a gentle Dil'pofition, was touched therewith, and gave
wluh compreliended the Space of 140 Years, this City, Orders, tlut the few who had efcaped, fhoukl be fpared j
.n.i the iVrritory under its Jurifdiftion, fb tlourifhed and and he likewife gave Inrtruftions for rtftoring the Plunder,
in.Ti.'.lli!, that when the Emperor Valerian was taken Pri- taken by his SoUliers out of the Temple of the Sun'.

'Ihis dreadful Deflrudion of Pd/«{)r(i, which happened
j-I.D. iji, put an End to this Principality •, but it is not
probable, that the City was then ruined to the Degree
which 'i'r.avellers fee it now, becaufe we often find it men-
tioned in Hiftory as a confiderable City after this, tiioiigil
not as the Seat of Ciovernment, as it had been in Times
p.itl, when there were no lefs than fixteen Cities in its
Neighbourhood under its Jurildittion, the Ruins of which
are yet vilible, and very plainly Ihew how great the Power
and Magnificence of thote i'rinccs muff have been, by
whom they were ereded : And, as tor the Ruins of Pat-

lo:u ljy Sjpoics, King of Pcrfia, Odenatbtis, who then
governed Piiimyra, was able to bring a jx)werful Army
aij tlie lielil, to recover Alejopotamia from the Per-
/■«;, and even to penetrate as tar as their capital City
Cufiikm ; which was lb acceptable a Service to the Roman
hiilirc, then govt rned by Callieniis, a lazy and inartive
I'rince, tlut, with the Conlint of the Senate, he took
QiiUdtkus into I'artnerlhip with him, and gave him the
litlc of .hij^iijlus ' 1 which Incident, by a ttrange Turn of
-VTairs, proved tlie Caufe of the utter Ruin and Subverfion
d the I'laie.

fur OJeiitillti!, and his Son Ilerodes, being foon after niyra itfelf, they are allowed by all who have vifited them.

n-uriiiTiii by Mconius their Kinfinan, his Wife Zenohia,
in Kight of her Son IFabalathus, then a Minor, afTumed
t.'.i- liovcrnnieiit of the Iv.ifl ; which ITie managed with fb
n;;i-li I'nuknu- and Diliretion, that, after the Death of
Q^l'.icnus, the m.ide litifMt Millrelii o^ Ey^ypt, and held it
I'-'Jing the ihort Reign of the Emperor Ciaudius.

On the Aaelhonot v/;/rc/;<;« to the Im[icrial Dignity, he
f'ty the Title of ,/«jj«/?«j to this I-'amily, though he
|>i ;nL;ly hiuiuiired tliem with that of Viceroy, as appears
'v Ilia Coin ' i neither did he lliew any Inclination to de-
1 vrthan of the (n)vernment of the l''.all : But the high-
''[ -:id '/.enohu: would be contented with nothing lefs tliaii
i'k I'lrtition of the Empire ; and Aurelian coukl not bear
ilif I hmii'Jiis of Ihanng the Sovereignty with a Woman :
^^inhprothiriil the War between them ; in which fhe
u/ai,:al two Haitli s, anil was defeated in both, and after-
*arv:s Unit li.rlilt up in the City of Pabnyra, where, for
;* '"";'. t'liH . Ihe nude an obQinate Defence •, but, finding
■^''Mij I'uriiole, and that looner or Liter the City would
^ takin, 11k quitted it pnv.itely, and, with her Son,

to Ix; equal, if not fiiperior, to any thing of the fame
kind yet remaining in the World '. As for the Courle ot
that Part of the liidiM Tratlick which palTcd tliis Way, it
has, after tome N'ariation, been in a great mealure fixt to
Aleppo, particularly that Part of it which is the Conf*-
qiience of an Intereoiirfe with tUe Per/ians, fbme Provinces
cif that Empire being, within this Period, always reg.:rded
as Part of the Indies. But it is now Time to quit the
Story of this City's Ruin, in order to purfue the Thread
of our Narration, which le.ids us to anotiicr Infurreu'lion
againfl the Emperor /Uirelian, which was laid to take Kilo
from the fame Caufe ; I mean, too great Wealth amafilil
together by the Commerce ot the Indues.

We have already oblerved, that Zenshia had added to
her Dominions Egypt, as well as tome other Countries.
On the Kuift of her Affairs, there was a R<j)ft,tn Merchant
in Egypt, whole Name was M. Eirmiiis, who dealt in Paper,
(ilue, and other Commodities, with wl-.ieh he luriulhed
the Inhabitants of Ar>il/ia, and otlur Parts of tlu Eall •,
and became thereby fb ricli, that he h.ul Money enough

iIkIc Ullrr., \'X'. U.

^ ^I'plan. iti nrll Civil iH.y. Pijn Cajjiuijih. ^o. ' FUv. t'^fift. in fit. .iurfli.vi. 7.i/;-n. Zjiar. ^ P.Ui)

• Somr ^'ifcc^ of tthicli arc ext.iiit, wjtii the Held iS ■■'■uiiluin on one !>ulc, aiul th.il u( It'^tki/ud-ui nii tlie otlicT , mu i
1 .M. OR. w.'ncli lather ^/<ir./ii.n has molt jmlititiully intcijittitJ, t'iti C.r/un: Rcjtr Infii
* /* //.'> /// hi^irrt. iifitv.

...v., - t 'li-'f in iiivirji. thrill. *.,.('/!. lie.

"•■- m.J an .\ccount of the antieiit Siaa* oi this Ciiy, in the Mi/.tlUntu Cui

" '/■■fiini. lib. I. /'..///;. in t'li. AurtliJ'i-

btc u Unfmi'tiou ef ihclis

la/.l,

111 '

ill 1 •

1 . it ■,.-■.'

Iff ' ':'■

H •

Kit- 1 1

ill

Eiftii

r-- vi

. ,| ,:X

ll ' i I,

,iM

440 7/'^' Dilcovcry, ijcttkmcnt, z?;/^/ Commerce Booki

to ni.iiiiniii .11) Aiiiiv, wliicli

In.- uiuUrtiiok ti. r.iili' mu

i<r not liflifvi- t!ic Niw'iot" lii<! Rpvolf, f,

C'oluui ft lii,'r>'itiii.

tiiil' till- Ciiilc of '/.encbia \ liit, m

t.ii^t, (k'ncc in this Man's Viitur ; but wh

- '"nrMtwajlii.Cc

111 It W.ls

nin'iriivii

with .1 N'i.'w 10 !uve kvural ta l»imklf tin- Soviingnty ot Ik- m.irch-al :v',aiMil I.iin with an Army , an-l, afor • :

/•mW, wlii'te lie I.kiikI the i'coi-k infliiu-il nioiiKh to haul-toiii^'it Huttlis. Iv.dcjrai hiin in a (.■.illlc ; whi,', «'„

iiiuriny. aiul was Ivon in a Con.lition to n-iula lumUll takai liy Storti;, ami .vV,/«rw«w killa), in fnitc of alltlv.

l.iiniiclal.lr i ih • rather, bccaulV the lirlt Step h<- took Care the hmpcior took to lave him ^
•A.i. to lay r,;i lanbargj upon the Meet that was l-.uiind '1 his Revolt (liil not lumler /Vc/w from lahoiirip'r,

Uam .■!us.i>:.i, „t Ko Rome. Hut this, inlleail of eontribiitin;', nftore the Atl.iirs ol /mjv/./ to tli ir (..r-n-r floui'l"'

is Ik- vainly la a;iiiul it would, to his Safety, diew upon CoiKlitiom in ordir to which, \k eatilal all the Moutio,'

him iniir,id;atfR'iini for ./«r^/,j«, knownu', well the Con- the A//<- to l«e clcanlod and rcpaireil, ami iiil.r-j.i,

nqiKiK:-. tiut this mull produce at Rome, iiurclud w:tli I'orts ot that iWincc : llcJurthrr dLcUrai his 1(; u',.

all imagu.alile Diliyenec to l^ip: \ -m^, havint^ eafily made tion to take the lame Care, ai-.d employ t!ic- Unu p,;,;, \^

liinilllt Mali r ol /.itxMuhm,' \\c blocked up iirmius in a all t!ie other I'roymres "t^ iliv Finpnc. 1 i,is p,;c!o;:

Calvlc, and ti>(,n after to«ik him I'lifoner, and laiiled him '^■'
10 bt 1 ut t.j Dc.\th, wi:h horrid lornienis '.

1 Iv hkewiie f.ttlcd the Trade of that Country on a new
I-'oot, by the K^t^ulacions which he made, and which

l>i1pol;tion, this Ht firt of tllablilhir;^ iinivcrCil IVa
this I lope f)f lindir.i; it ]v)(riblc to i^ovcr '
i'lincipics ot 1 hirranity, iivfpned him wit
Heart, and Ircedi/in ot Sjvrch, wiiicli ('

l"o, to any future Cukk), hr-w ^rcat liicvrr : Amii'-.n-
lore, who-ver proivnis to act lor thelJenefit of all, v,;':!j
fuie to provoke the iXfphafure of many, :tml iwa!,;' : ■
Atfedicns ot V(ry lew. '1 hi', w.is tl.e Caff of /V '

tor lih j^n.it and cor>d I'rojifls Ixi

ir.tc

rrtijmd

,-,--„ - .'iT\vii|H)n hiT. ,1

li-em to have been very advantageous to the Romans, fuddcn and violent Death.- l-or tin,' it nav be a ur, ^
whatever Mirdiliips they mii-ht brinpuiHHi \hi: Ej-yptians. Ilranpe, and Icimingly abfurd M.ixim, yet Rcil'm ^1
I'hefe lV^.alltion^, however,\ouki not have afl'.cted the I'xiK-ncnte will (hew it a true oi^e, tli.,r niurc Care .-j
lahabit.intb of this Country to ileeply, or the .Severities Ait (ji.ght to be employed 111 lovtring and c.itird:r:ir,j
cxtrc;li.d by Juifitan have depreHeil them to t'uch a de- Del'ign?, than bad oiu-r , and ih.tr, fur tiiis ibmcl; ,
{;rcc, as 1 liilory mentions, it tiny hail remained at I'eace fhe Maioiiry of the Worl i are bad, or, .it'i.all. v,,-.'
amonii tlicnifvlves, and had Wrn content to enjoy quierly, NIcn, who prefer t.'uir jielep't Inferell, f,| w|ut \\k\ ;!;;.^
wliat w.is left them alter their Mistortunrs : But this they
loukl i:ot do , lor their mutinous a.d relUcfs Temp/rthrtW
tlij I'lhabitanr^ ot .-/.V.v.i;;,j'r.<i into I'uch ia '.lous Dil'putrs,
as occalioncd a kind ot civil \N ar amoni!,ll them -, which
prcxluccd the Rum ot many of the public Buildings, and
liiiell l-,diiiccs, that were yet left llamling -, lb that, with
their own Hands, tiny latxjured incelTantly to licmolifli,

>vh.U h.!d been rail.d t>v the liuiuthy ainl public Spirit of would come a Time wlun SoKlieis woull be liu ! n-
their Anccllors ;. and thus tlie I )el"olation of this great and HKejJary, whiih, with the hard Labour he put riri
liJiCity was mcieaf.d, aiul in a manner linilhed, by the upon, in draining the \\ aters atxnit Svminm, imt.r(.i;ri
M.idr.cfs of h-.r Citi/.ens ''.

Soon alter, tliis ./«;-. .V.jw va. ir.urderetl by tij.-ne ot the
piincijial O.l'iccrs o: his Army -, an.l the Senate and S'd-
iJiers were, for I'ome time, m .Suljxnfe, Ixrtoic they pro-
ceeded to an I'leciion, which, at latl, fill u|Xin Taiitus,
w!io was at the Heal ol tiie Senate, aiul 1. vcnty live Veari
• •I Age: I'or which Rialon, he laboi;nii, with the utniotl

l)i'.i;^ix.ce, to h.iVy,- avoitied, hail it Ix-en jx)liib!e, thi- .'\cccp- J'a"i, on every Su'.e, to be in Motion, as lirja as tir D jm
t'.tio.i of this Ui;yiity i bur, finding that his l-auieavours ol /Vi;/i«j was known. And hi) Succctlbr, aiiv.inu."..;u,;i
were vain, an 1 K.n:jwing that it was liunetimts as dan- the Army as tar as the River 7/jr;r, was thtre fmr.de ii
f^trou.s to retule the i'uiplc as to accept u, he yielded, at in his Tent, in the midll ot a Storm of Thunetr i ;,

V\'ar with the r<r/i,ms, he was to in liicrert as to liirt, ,>
the midlt of the I'rcp.irations hir ir, tli,:t he hoiKil ihf,;

1-orccs to lucli a Deiiree, ihat th'-y tirlt mutinied, c^J
then murdcriil liim ', when he hid reigned li.x Ye.ii< t±
ur.iveilal Applaule, :a)d had rtll-jieil the Alfjirs ci' t:.
l-'.mpiic miiaiuloiifiy.

Atier his Death, the Army, /I. D. i9.z d.clara! Cra;
Imp'Tor, who entered on a Scene of Troiibl.- ; andcr.-
tei(d only to ;^o oii" again : Fur tiie b.iibjrous Natio.ns be-

lalf, to the Intrcaties of the Senate, an 1 U'came, as it
Were, I'.mperor by lone.

0. The Re:g!i ul TdcitUi b;-gan and ended i'l the
Ve.ir 2:6. lor, having lent a Rilition ol his to govern
^'w•/i;, ivluic hiinfeit was in the Neighbourhood ol that

Frjvincc, and this Man having dilthargid his Duty but ot .ipir, who was Captain ol his Ciuard,

Lightning, m the lecoiui Ye.ir ol his Rri;;n. Ilch.:.;,.
loii.ited his illicit Son ('.annuf in tlr.- Linpirc, and is
youi.gcr Son Niiir.iruinus, who was with limi, ardv.)
was ;.ckrowledgrd bv the .Arniy, .jid coiuiniifd t.'if \V^-
tome tune a'tir Ins I-aih: I'h Death, till In the Tnaeir.'

who hu; f.

indilVercntly, tl:e i'eo]>le tirll muuiered him \ and then,
tearing they might Ik- punilhed tor this A<fnon, cndc.ivour-
ed to feture to theinf Ivcs Impunity, by cutting o'.Vthe
l.m;>vror alio '. He w.:s fucceeieii l>y Rroi'us, who was
a inott exc'-Hent Vnna : 1 or he firrt k-it!ed I'eace at home,
and then vil.ie.l the I'rovinccs, v 'ere he, likcwife, gained
great Honour, and fee tired the 1 nipirc (rom ull .Apprc

to luiceed him, he wis miirdeied in his Lent : L'pn »m
t!ie Army (hole- /),-f.i /,/;;;/ Lnipcror, who revipyd th
Death of' his i'rcdeccnbr, by killing ..^.r with li.w/.u
1 lands '.

OtOil/un was niled to the l-'mpire ,/ D. ;''4. 'i^'~'-'
foon as iie tound himhlf cltaiiliihed, entered into a V>.r
Willi (utrinus, in whidi the latttr was llain. In i'^i:.D.i-

hcnfions 01 D.ihirbance Irom any <jf the barbarous Nations </i;/;.;>j allcKi.ited M,is.iminiiiH in the I'.nipTc, tlut t.*"y

might be tne more able to .ict ag.iinlf all thu- l'n.m;esott'''
kanam -, and the IVoubles Ibll imrealing, tlir two I:-
perors named Lvnjhntius Chlorui, an i M.t\i,uxiM Ui-
Irriui, Cjrfjrs. At t'ns lime one ./(W/./u lud C"..:
hj\pi to revolt, and alliimed there the Inipt ri.il Onum :'

that lud hither:' » interrupted its Qiuet. 1 lis Reign, how-
<ver, was dilUiibed, by an Infurrection in l:^pt, where
tl e SuKners and the I'eople made .iaiurnimis, a worthy
OiHier, l-'mp«roi .i'^;ainll his \\ ili. Probus ha^l made him
(iaieial ol tne i-orces m the l-.all, with a particular Cau-
tion, that on no Account whatever, he (houki enter and maintained lumfelt Ntter than live Years ; hi: w^ '
J\?\pt : But he, being extremely delirous to fee the Cu- other I'arts of the laiipire wtrc quieted, Dicci'I'"
I iofitieh ot tint Country, and, perhaps, not the leU to tor the Year 29O. entered /'jjv/i;, ati.i'kcd, defeat .
tl.i'. IVohibiiion, maiie a Journey u> Ali-xanJna -, vih\th killed .iibilUus, and, as lome Writes lay, lul . ' *
t ity he had Icaiee cntind, when the People, out ot that Soldiers to pillage the City t4 .lUxjK.iruT. HuttlKi. .
Spirit ol lieklinels ol Flattery, and t.l lolly, t<,r which who inhal itcd the Country bttwten /•»_>/•/ .in. I 1:>.X',
they were lam)us, faluted him .liigujlui. He ;i£ ted right, weic now Ucome (o jowrrtui, and the AlVjir':e'l 'in^'*-
ai lirll, by c|uitting the i'lace inltantiy, and returning to tHuns m that I'rovincc were it) liii h Ce-nli^li'vi, th.it /J.' ■ '■
r.tUjlinc ; but, tearing atierwards, that lie lliould Ix- |)u- /;<;«. ouid find 11.. Utter 1 yjKileit tor lidinng the 1'-^^
milled lor what the I'eople had done, he changed his Con- aiul S.itety ol the Fio> u . e, than >i Idin;.', i',' a "fp; '' •"
i.iiCi, and albamed the I'urpk. Rnbui, at Uill, would of Country to ihut Nati' n, with w', I'li h- fomai..:- •=

• Ztfim. lih. i. ftf,..

tit i i'eoar f. J^O.

in I'll. Ju'tliati.

« '/»Jim lib.

•■ .Immia^ Maitill /.l-.xxn
y.irar. f .•41. yyfijt ,u f'l: Pf.^

r,:!.

.4..i'.l'..

.'■> /

of the

,v„ f.iii'^ 1 aivl It IS n itaral to fuppofc, that with them, had thole rinu-s, .ukI [Mrticularly thr Love the y had t„ ISuildin-

I'.nUi contimiai m this State, th;; Commcitc ot Egypt m .iimniKr whidi eniployal ir.any more H uk s tV'n mv

w.)i;.l hivj Ibiik likc-wile. But in lucceediiig Times, when that has ken prartife.l in lat< r A('^ s. An>! to b.-'o -'ivinc'ed

,!,, rroa'jlcs oi' the Ein;)ire Were appealed, and tlie t.mpe- that antiem W rittrs have not dec.-.v.d us in wh'.t r'n /'have

ror &»/?<»■»//«-, lurnaiiied the (.reat, mounted the i'hionc, delivered upon this Su'^jeft, we need only confult whit

Tiiiiig'* l)S!;m to chan.^e th.ir I- ace, and new Mealures were mod. rn Travellers liave wruren, of ti.c K uiiii th it irn Hill

ti'..-!i !or rclloriiig and leLtling the AHairs ot Egypt, as will rf maiiiin- in that Couiuiy -, whi. h not only come im to, I ,ir

t,, Ihcwu in Its proper I 1 i.:e. At prefent, tins I'art ..f our even very lar exceed, all the .Account', we have in iJo.As •

I'lan I'; txaiitcd, and the llillory ot this Commerce con- So iliat the W.altli and Splendor (jf cl.is Couiuiy mult

ncdid with that ol the I'rinces b/ wi.om ir .v.-/; cll.ibJinied, have heen very alloniiliin;;, in if. tlounlhinr' Condition,

aiid under whom it flourilhed. fi„co the very Remains ot Rman Ma^lli!ic(n.e in l?yPU

7. Ml the I'roof we h.ive of t!ie ii(;uri(Tiin;; State are capaWe of ^l;rprllin^ juch as bchol,i\hein > ami ai «b-

of t!;e W''"' Commerce, in the Litter I'art ot th;.s I'eiiod, tlrved to Itrike tliofe n,o!l, who are l)eit acniainted with

IK (iwwii Irom th: Clrcuinllai'.as ot I liintj,s rdated in 1 li- the Nature an 1 Value of lueh 'Ihin-vs '.
ftijry i whiih, h'lwevcr, lulneieiitly demonllr-'e it m g. ne-
rjl tlio' they do not enablj us to entir into Paitiail.irs.
The grtat Attention Hiewn by mmy ot the 1' nijierors, in
•iltutlie I'rovinces ot the I'^ul, and the \'iCtorks ob

' -.1

taiiKilovcr t!ie Pojlins, and ux\v-r Nations, kept up liich
an higli Idea ot the Roiiuin Power in all tiiat I'ai: of the
Wuild, ihitwe hear ol Indian iMnball'aiiors f.nt to alnudl
tvirv IJuperor, from /Hixandtr Sevcriis iv Die, ifi.m : And
tlijifurc we have the gieatell Ke.ifon tliat can l,e to Ik-
liovi', that thar Commerce was, at thi.s time, earned on
witii all the Vigour and Succcis in;a!.;inai)le.

Ai.odier I'rojf of thi;, is the .Accounts we have of the
prulule kiii^ns ot CaracaUii, llelicgabalits, and Qinnus :
Frum wliicii wc learn, that there were pio.ii^ii/us (^u.iii-
f„i.s of ly.dian Cori.moditit-s at Ri.inc \ am! it i^ partxuiar-
Iv t.ii;(.n notice ot, that Htliog^iibtuus " lirll v/ore a Kobe in-
i;:dy nude ot SilL, at that lime one of tlie dt.areit and
lUraft U.'inuwditics tluy recuvcd liom the I'.alt.

B'jt tiie rtiongelt and clearelt Proof we derive from the
Ljws n ade in this i'crioi;, in lavoiir of Trade in general,
anUlur kttliij^ the partituLir Duties on the (joods imported
try:ii the Indus, by the Way ot At'j/)/ .' For tliele p.ainly
Oi.w, tlut this ComnKrcc w.is ihav more cxiadive than
iVii. VVe may add 10 this ti'ie fiveral Seuitions .md Ke-
kiii'iiswhuh liajipened in l\i,ypt, an^i whidi were tne pure
fiiias el the vail Wialth o! tiie lrdiabit.ir.t-. id that Loun-
i;y, dirived to them Irom tiie I'loi^refi they made in their
ijwnMii,iit.iCturcs, and the Means th.it within this Period
Lh-.y luiiiid out, ot vending tli.ir Paper, Gl.il.";, l.incn,
::.d oilier Goods throughout the Kail ; by wdnch priv.itc
Mm acquired luch immenle lorti.nes, as eiuhled them
ten to iiuir.tain Armies .it their own I'.xpence j which was
the lall of j\/<ir<;(j y>M,///j, whole Riches induced him to
aMm[)t making himlcll M.ifter of the Province, and of
trom ai huiuiit Men hant, an ExypH'in Mo-
their TratTick h.id
.ii

I'liefe are all certain .iiid indiii liable ."-igns of in^mcnfe
Rithes : .\iid iho' rlicfe might tail into tt.c Hands ol 1 arti-
cul.ir Pirf.n-, even in Couiitriis th.it were not, gem rdly
'P'-a.%ir{.'„ more opulent than their Neighbours ; yet we arc
lure tfiseould n.jt b.- the f'ale in J:pft, fnce it wa.s not
yl'cxandria akin.; but all ti'.c Citiis of the Province that
wereenrahed with fueh Ornaments: So that their Wealth
fecms to have leen very e>)iial!y Ipread ; or ratlur, there
was liich an Abundance of it, that ii'.r a Corner of the
King'.f m remain iinimprovul. The City of Ji-Jiwf, the
Ruins ot which are yet to be fecn, as it Hood near the /Ira-
bian Giilph, and at the .Mouth of the Canal that h id been
cut from the Nile to the Sea, was crouded with line V\orks,
coldly OjcLlks, and Pillaii, c.t incredi'.de Si/e ; v.hich nuift
luve been biiAight tiiither witii inixpreliille Did
And yet :b iii'ei;: were l\\t:Rcr,i.':iis, in w!i.:tever mii:

icii.ty
\\i ccn-

tribute to the Improvement of tl'.eir Tr.ule to tiie b'.alt,
that, finding .m Obdilk of exqudite Ikuuty, tl^it had been
let up by rio!c;7iy PbUnMp/.'iis, in Meir. .^ry of his \\ ile and
Sifter, wh.dl Name the City bore, and wi.i.h w.is i;o Pcct
high, incommoded the Dol k, becuill. tS y w ere r';en wont to
build lirger Ships than were iiled in l'ioL'>iy\ K.ip,n, M.!xi-
nms, who was then Cio.ernor ot the i'r<>vinee,"eaulcd it
to betaken down, and removed to J.'ixaiioria ',

But it it Ihould be ol jeeted, tli.it there i. no le.ifoning,
with any Certainty, about things of this Nature, if the
Lxpei'.ce, at the 'i ime they W( re m.uie, cannot be known,
it is a very ealy Matier to anfwer this, (ini e, at ti.e fame
Timetliat this Obehfk w.is hewn out of the t^iaai- s in the
Higher Egypt, there were fix more cut, of the lame S.z?,
for whicli the Workmen receivid litty Eyyptiini T.i!i.nt ,
which amounts to upwarils of thirteen thouiimd Pounds of
our Money ; and the l-^xpince ol drrying tliem mull have
been far larger '.

Butt.) lum up all in a Word : T.ven at theClofcof this
Period, I me.m, when the b.mperoi Dioik/t.in was in
Egypt, he tlioug'u it nccellary to burn all the Books of
Chemillry that could be collecied, from a Noiion, that it
was by this Ait the l\^\ptia>is b.came pollelled of fueh
prodigious Sums of Cold and Silver, as maile them mu-
tinous and uiigova'nable ; which isack.tr :mhI CTi.iin Sign,
that the Rcithins themlelvis ha'd not a juil NoLion of the
mighty Profits that accrued Ikjiii the Commerce that the
Egyptiims carried on.

But it is now high Time to inquire into the Dileovriis
that were made, in onlUiuence ol this Irade, and the

b\oiiii _

lurdi '. InJeed, if the Itcfources o

not b«:ii p odigioiidy g.-iat, it would be vtry dimeult to

1 count lor t!ic i'.ojie ol i^yp:\ recovering themflves

a:tr lo iiuny Pdligings .is they were expotld 10, in conf:-

qucice ot the Dilorilers and Conlulinns ot iliofe limes

»:-.i.h mull have carried immenle We.ilth out ol the

i'rovincc.

't IS iiiipolTible to turn one's Tluniglits upon this Si;b-
jtct, without remembering that the L ity ol Rtme was
a:ornrd with many ol its m<dl collly Ornaments, at the
IxiKi.ce ol L.gyp:, and pan.cul.iily ot JltxiiiiJria, from
winice they Were tranf[)ortcd in Ships that were contrived Accounts th.it were trom time to time tr.intmitted, of

'I I'uqvik, and wereof a moll cx;taordin.iry Size. Tluis, -' ■ '' i'-.-.i:.. e.i..,/- •. 1 .1. ., ^.

1'rlidl.im.i, E'.inius iijpiif.m dedic.ited, in his IVinpde,
wiiich he fuded to the (.odcivfs of Peace, the largell Si.v
w ;h«t lud b en let 11, of Ai^y/'.'/.;;; i'orphyi y ; and of that
K.iid, tlut wai e.illed luifuins, of an Iron-colour, which
I i .'dLiued the A';.'r, under the Idgure of an old Man,
« ;h fmcen Children playing al)out him, fignifying the
NunilxT of Lubiib which tlut Ri\cr riles, when at the

the State and Condition of the Countries, wliich their Mt r-
thants, and other 'I'r.ivellers, vilited -, a 'i'hing ixtremely
requilite, even for the underllani-ling of nxidein V'oya'!;cs
and Travels, where we olten iiutt wiih P.illagts, that
either tend to explain the Accounrs given by the .Vnii^'nti:,
or to refute them •, the Worth of which we cannot lom-
jirehend, unlcfs we arc acquainted with the Accounts them-
liU'tb : And, indeed, in laying thcle together, conlilLs the

f'''s't;!

■•

I ; 5

^* • SI

'.^%

442 Tlw Difcovcry, Settlement, ^ffti Commerce Book!

the fiiccccding; Voyages nnd TravcUof Uuli .is Favc vfit 1
t!ic liime Countries in later 'I'lims, I,; wiU |^ /
iliicovtT not only wlurc the- Anticnts kavc trtal am] '^
how grrat a Degree, but will be alfo alile to iii(l,|l,n!
tlu-Caulcs of thole Errors •, anil foinetimcs, pcrluw u
tinti, that they arc not altogether To {rre.it .is th'y'lr
been rcprefcnteil, but that Ibme ol th^' Miftji^,,, ";\'
which they .ire chargetl, have been, in Reality, owi*""
tiie Miilake oJ their Meaning, or to tlie overftraimn" ?
where, by taking it in a mililcr .Sciile, it might luy^.^J.''
brought very near the Truth. AM to this, that thcli; V

great DilTicuIty of a Work of this Kiml, finer, except the
\'oyagcs o\'I.:m!'ulu! ami AV.;n/'«.f, wimii we have already
givin the R .id:r, in th.ir hill I'.xtcnt, iluri' is nothing ot
this Kiml prellrwli tiiat is to lay, thae is nothing pre-
fcr\-ed intire, anil in tlu' M.inner in which Relations ot this
Sort are, and ought to Ixr written ; but the Obfcrvations
ct Travellers are llatteied throu^^li a .Multitude ot Hooks,
relating to (n-ography, Hillory, I'hiloloi'hy, Politicks,
anil otiicr Kinds of learning i from all wliiih 1 have
drawn them out, and ranged tiiem in fiich an e.ify ai- J n.i-
tural Onler, as that I Hatter niyfelf the Reader will p.'iulc
them with the fame Kafe and Satisf.idion, as if they were
the Oblervations of a inodcr;i Traveller, and the I-'ruits of
a fingc Voyage.

By running tlirough thrfe, he will be completely Mafter
of all that iMt Ik known upon this Subjert at this Day 1 and
by comparing what tlieic old Writers have delivered, con-
cerning the R.ligion, (jovemment. Laws, Manners and
Cullom< of the JnJiiins, the .Animals, Trees, Fruits,
riants. Stones, and other Curiofities of the Indies, with

counts are, to the full, as curious and ennrtainum 1
as much Spirit and Variety, contribute at once toiniom
and to delight as much, as any mixkm Aco.iMits Vu,
ever: For tho' it may Ix-true, that fur w.intof thd j^v"
which we ixjiKis, they arc kfs rx.i(ft, ytt, as for as, "i,'' J
Lights went, they were molt cert.unly eapahk. of J.nK
as dear, as tin umftantial, and as plealing Accuunf;, asany
that iiavc come alter them. ' '

iB."r

•'1'

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7^1115*

!in

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■'■

1,*

SECTION XI.

/In Account of the Rdij^iony Government, Ltncs, Cuftoms and M.mncn of the Iiuli.iiis, <;;
they arc rcconLd in the J Forks of ivitknt Authors.

1. Of the R:iigic>: of tic Indian', tLir Sacrifices, and ether Rites , ivilh feme Rea/ons toiJin^ fo f'r.f,
thu in theh' i-arh Tunrs thry -.ct-re not Pohthcijls or IJoloters. 2. An Account of their iintintt .Mr:cr.
chies, the Pc^er rf their Princes, tl:eir Paliices, Miignificence of their Courts, &c, j. The Dii:j::ri
c,' the People into feven Clajfes; a dijitncl Account cf each C/j/s -, anJ ajlvrt I'teivof the good Coiijcijuch..:
facing /ro/n this ixce//ent Regu/ation. d. 0/ their Dre/s, jnd 0/ the Changes introduced I>y thirC:"..
merce iiUh the Hixck':, leho had eiiibr,heu J:e Manners and Cujioms of r/r Pcrfians. y, 0/ tit cxdl'.:i
i'.rtue, /iric' Ihncui, and ur.corru[>ted Probity of this Nation-, and tie Means they n/ed to exti'i^mfi
Addition, Ma/ice, I'raud, and ether rices. 6. Their Frugality in Eating and Drinking, tie VU'n.
rirfs of their //s///.'j and Furniture ; icith other Inflances of their extraordinary Temperance and Mdt-
ration. 7. Their natural .Magnanimitv, and noble Contempt of Death -, tlr Culloni oj Wiva burning t':cn-
/elves icith the Bodies of their Husbands, and the Reafons a:/fgned for it. The Striclnefs and ^I'.ir.:^
of tleir Luus.

r is natur.il, in fjxaking of the Inhabitants of any
Ci'untiy, tolx-gin lirtl with th>ir Religion. In this
refiK-d the(->«i Writers re|H)rt ot the antient Indians
niaiy Things, which feem more .:i;reeable to their own No-
tions, than i<.. tlie Condi. I't ofthel'eopleof whom tluylj'eak.
They re[x;it t!ut tiuy wurlhipjxil the Sun and the heavenly
Ijo'iis ' ■, ai:d we ir. t.i:thcr told ol a mi ft g'orious 'I'empic
of the Sim, the W.ilis of which wire ot red Marble, re-

femba.ig ! ire, .a.i.l iiucil|.« fed with Streaks of (iold : The
" tl. "

Sun on the I'-ivement f» intermixed with

In. age

I'tuib, and ]irccioi.s Siones, that the Reflexion of them
api*ared ;.!:r.()!f as radiant as the hi.ivei^ly Body it rcpre-
fcntcvi. Ar.,1 a..er the. wi:e thoriiU;''hly acqu.unted with
the (jreei., tluy .'.re laiil to h.ive m..i ited tluir Cuftoms
ly 1. itin_; up in Imagr <>i an I'.lephaiu, which they called
.jr.x; two Statues ol <i<,K! to tik- Honour ot /Uexandcr,
am. two others of I'erus in Bral's ". Their \\ orfbip of
t\vz Sun is laid to have cor.firtcd in a kind ol circular
Dance, by winch th y feen.ed to intimate, that by the
Mot:on of tint Luminary the Univerle fubfillcd '. It
«|[x.arcd Iroin th-.ir S.aer;lues, and other religious Rites,
that tlity field the Egypuin <>r I'uha^evcan Principle of
the Mamif)dfis, or the Paflagc ol the .'^oul from one
B<x'.y to another i and tlm Notion of thei.s, that the fame
Soul, whieh animated a .Man, might fe nowinal'lant or in
a Ik^ll, nlfiainid many of tl.tju tr(mi any other Sairiticc
tiwn thit ol Libation' : Otiieis are laid to have otfered
An:m.ils, bui withrmt cutting ti.iir Throats, that they
might avmd fpilliiig the Blfxni, which they thought ren-
I'.eiid the \'iitim i.njx-rkcti and, therclure, the I'riell
contented himlell with lliauglmg them. It was larther
remarked, that in this Ceremony the holy Man did not
w ,ir a Wreath, or Crown, .is the i',i.ili ot all oliicr
Nations did '.

• Pi,^ln tx CtfjU. t^. Cmrl til,. Vlii. f.r;. PiiUfl 1,1. iii. ,. y " /'*,/„/ ,,, t.,/. Aftll)fl. l>h

iM^.ni. * hiiiMt. iii. ill. .. l&o. Pii/njl. nil /..f. ' S.iuh, J.t.xv. f.yio. ' /.

In their grand Solemnities, they were wont to iri-
very jx)mjx>u» I'roielTions in I lunour ot their Divin;iiiSi
in which thty, from a Principle of CunfcieiKc, ililjlayrj
all their Wealth, as a Tellimony of tlvir believing i: dt-
lived to them from the Bounty ot the (ioils. Oiifuh
Occafions, a great Numlx-r of Llepluuits niarchfti at the
Head of the Procefllon, covered with Ornair.iTts ulGcd
and Silver •, then followed many Chariots, richly aiiomnl
with tlic fame Metals; the l.iboiiring Oxen, yoked ::i
Couiiles, fuccecdcd next -, after them the Soldier;, richljf
drelled, carrying Pots, Kettles, 15.ili)ns Cui:?, Tab'n,
and ether I'tenfiis for the I'eall, all of i'late riiiily .kl^rnrJ
with Di.imonds, Rubies, Beryls, Caihuneles a.^d IV.;.-:;:
l"hey, fometinus, alio led tame Ixopards, I .icin-, ■!" •
Tygers, in thefc Proceffions -, and, at other t;niis, :h.-j'
carried Cages lull of Birds, the .Melody of whef; Song^,
joined to the Tabor and Pipe, made up all the Mulli n:
the FrilL

When, by exccfTive Rains falling in the Northfrn Pr
of the Indies, their Rivers fwelleJ b. yond nuaUir-, r.i
the flat Country was too much and too Ion;; iiiuir \\i-
ter, then the King or .Soven ign, in every litile D:;;:.::.
maile ufe of certain Ceremonies to api^ale t:ie \\ra:i ^i
the (Jods, .iiid to proiure fair Weather. InthcliLtr-
monies they .ire (ijid to have f.unfuid Bulls anillkr;.;
that were Coal bkack, bei aufe fueh Cattle- were tare, an; ni
great I'ricc •, and they likewife threwa CioKhn H.ilh! n
the River i which Ceremonies thi- (>>cf<; lik^^^ili i" - '•
obtain the Favour ol 'Jupiier, the (nver ot Rain'. A>
they were a very temper.ite and a'ftimious l'eo|ile, I'l v
never diank Wine but at tliele Feads i and tveii tin-
Princes themfelves, as .Ifioli'.nus reports, drank that li-
quor only \shen tiny otVcrcii to th- >un. J h rcis Ik*
ever, great Realbn to doubt, whither muili Ciuiit i^ :>

* 4I, nut in litJuit. Sir'"-'

[■

Chap. n.

of the East Indies.

44?

b, civeii to thcfe RdaiLins. The Crceh tlic mft Ivcs were Indits the following Information : Bacchus, when he had

CaiMidd to MoLitry, that they hail no other IJca of fatletl a I'riiicipahty in tlie Neighbourhood of M/rt, cic-

RjigioM, than xs it fonniUti in the W'oilhip ot a Miiiti- volvcil the- Government upon Sparthcmbras, his' i-ricnd,

„i,ic of Divinities •, am', thcrcloro, in their Reports ot the who nigiiai fifty-two Years, and left the Crown to his

khans, they attnhutal t!ie Cer< monies they (aw piadiftd .Son Biidyas^ who ruiid twenty Years* and was fiicceeded

,,, I'nntiplis hke their own. But it is very plain, ivcii hy Crudevus, his Son i and fo, in a continued Defcent

trom the Wriuni;-; ot their kit Authors, that at the time from Father to Son, except where a King died without

/toK^'- 'lit (ireatinv.jdedtliis Country, the LsJia)is\ui\ llUic, and, in that Cafe, a new Prince wm clefted •, the

rot thel'fe of hnigrsj and even Apollonius confeires, Succcnion in this Or-.^r came to the famous 5'fl«<fr<J«//»j,

th,!! the Keprefentation ot the Sun was the only one lie who w;w the hun>'ud and fifty-third Succeflbr of fiflff/wj '.

faw. It 1^ likewife very tert.iin, tliat thell- People made a But belules tiiic great Monarch, who had a confiderable

gri.;t Secret <>f their religious Opinions ; which was another Territory, and Abundance of tribut.iry Princes, every

Caufswhy the G'nv/v had lecouilc to their own Inventions Tribe of Indians had its particular Prince, who was at

«lii;h were very f itiic -, and, by this means, reprefentcd once King and Prieft within his own Dominions, according

the S.ntimjnts of the Indians, as conformable to their to the anticnt Cullom of molt Countries ; from whence it

own. 'I'lie Bmbmans, how.ver, who were, tor die moft came, that the Hebrews ufed the fame Word to fignify

part, their \'n^\\>, and, as we (ball fee henatur, were both Prince and Prielt. The Indian Monarchr, were far

ii that rcfpeil, in fome fort, iuperior to their Kings, dif- from h.aving .iblblute Power, or Iroiii living in a State of

dainiai .ill thelc Hip rltit.ous Notioiis , and either wordiip- Luxury and liale : Of the contrary, they were obh^ed to

id in t'lc open Air, turning tlicir Faces to the Eaft, with- hear every Day the Caufes that were brought before them,

(ut ary rtgaiii to the Sun, or other heavenly Budi.s, or in and to give Audience to fuch of their Subjcfts as had any

Templtsth.it lud neither Ini.igcs, nor Ornammts of any thing to fay to them : Nor were they aJiowed, bv their

kind, T!iey likewife profcired their Belief in One God, Laws, to go into the B.:tli, or even to dine, b.-fore all thefe

the Author if all Things, the Creator and Sovereign of Suitors were anlwered. In Matters of great Confequence,

the I'liiveil"-, and the Father of Spirits ; conformable to they couid not ad without the Advice of their Council j

v.lii h, wiien Oncfuiitus, in the Name of Alexander the
Gr.i:, t'lrc.itenui Diiulamis with Death if he did not im-
i.r.'iji' ly rife, and go anil wait upon that Prince, he t(jld
!.::;i, liiiiliiif!, that the King's putting him to Diath would
CD liiiii 1 hurt at all : For, faid he, when this 1 lead is
Civideii tiom this Bixly, they will return to the Earth from
whence they came ; and the .Spirit, now included in them,
to Hiin, by whole Power it was included ; for the Body,
laid he, IS the Cloathing of the Soul, and has no more to
do with the M.iii than his Garments '.

It is tru?, th ir, fince theft early Times, the Indians have
(i.viaccd mueh into Idolatry ; but it is no lelii true, that
the Rrjibniins, who are tiie wifer and better Sort, have al-
w.iys prolelfed a different Opinion ; and, UjM)n certain Oc-
(x.'virs, have vcntiirci'. to iledare, in Confidence, that they
(::i!iii)t belkvc in Idols ; but that they coiifidercd them as
I iibulial Keprelintatioiis, which were neeoflary to fix
n,' Attention, and to exercife the Piety, of the common
i'fj|le, who were rot able to comprehend, or were not
itt)b.' trullcd with, the Secrets of their Religion. This
i- all ttx- know, and indeed all that can be known, of the
Riligion ol the antieat Indians, except thit tlie very
Bu-ning of tlu'inrclves proceeded from a Principle of Rc-

and, in Points of Rdigion, they received the Inftnidions
oi \\\<i Braehmans with implicit Obedience; fb that, in
all rdi)edts, they were tirtumfcribcd, and had it not in
their Power to violate the Conltitution ^ Ihis was very
probably the Rcafon, that thefe fmall Principalities, which
had neither great Power, nor much Wealth, to fupport
them, fubfilted for fo many Ages. It is, howevi r, to be
obferved, that to prevmt the People from oiing over-
born by the I'orrent of a Hidden Invahon, tiicre wa^ al-
ways a fiipreme Monuxh over a cerrain Country, who
could draw together the Forces of all thefe fubordinate
Chiefs on any public Occafion that required it : And thus
it was that the numerous Armies were railed, whii.h in the
foregoing Hillory h.ave l)een mentioned ; and, in this
refpeft, the antient Conflitution of India was very like the
Gotinic Form of Government, and came very near the
Conftituiion in this llland, before it was invaded *by the
Remans.

'I'he Reception which AfoUonius met with from the
King of Taxilis, affords us a very agreeable Pi*ture of
the Court of an Indian Monarch. When tlie Philofopher
arri\eil there, he found the Palace a large and convenient
Strufture, but, in every refped, pcrlcdly plain ; fo that,
and fioiii the Hopes of avoiding, by that kind of if he had not been informed, that it was the Royal Dwel-
ling, he would have taken it for the Huufe of fbmc con-
fider.ible Citi/en. He found there iieitlu r Guards nor At-
timlants : There were only a few i;lavts at the Gate,
and three or four Pcrfons of an ordinary Rank, who de-
filed to fpeak with the King. Apollonius entered with
them into tlie Royal Apartments, where he found every
Thing plain ana near, difpoled, however, in ib excellent
an Order, that they llruck him with much greater Awe
and Reverence, than the lofty and fumptuous Palace ot the
King of Balfylon, which he had vilited before. The Ap-
jx-arance of the Monarch, whofe Name was Pbraortes, or
Phraolcs, was in every rel'pecl fuitable to the Modefly of
his Palace ; a noble and majeilic Prel'er.ce was the Ible
Mark of Dignity he bore, and he was attended by a very

U;a:h, the U.ing tianfiiiigr.ited into any Animal ■, upon

riiieipli, Woin.n, to this Day, burn themfelves

liii;b.inc!s Boilies, in hop.s tliat their Souls

which

«:; I their

f'l-Iiag.un inter the World with thole of their Huibands

in .ill happy Condition, anil in an human State, that is,

»::a> u: luHlr,^ through Plants or Bealls \

-■ As to tiie (iovirnment of the Coiin:ry, it was, ge-
rtuliy ijxak'.iig, monarchical, though tiure were Ibme Re-
r'h;>sanK)nglt tln.ni: But the Cutheans had a very fingu-
Ij.'tiiihjni i f)r, aniongll them, their Kings were cholen
li::.ly en tlip ."^lore of Be.iuty ; and, therefore, when
' .t.rCl.ikln n wire but two Months old, they were examined
ly proptr Jn tgis, who, if tliey found them perled in all
::.;r l.inils, wdl made, and likely to prove handtbme, ^

'I'cyi'ulVcral th!mt()live,otherwif"c they put themtoDeath-, fie nder Retinue ; fb t\\M Apollonius, recolleifting what he
'"■i It is in Mitiie of this Precaution, that they were con- had heard of the Braehmans, and of their Diteiples, con-
'(ijiiicfl People 111 the World.

.crd

v.ir

as t!ie ha

It is

eluded that the Princes of India were, alio, a kind of
ir:l.y of OSliivation, tli.it the Cullomof Women burn- Sages ; and, therefore, he addreffed him by his Interpre-
;.; ihinilelves with tli ir i lusbands was lirll introduced ter in thefe Words : It appears to me, Sir, that Philolb

■■ -i wluci w.is (jicalioned by their frequently deliTting
'• -ni !iir tlw liike of younger Mm ; and, where this cou'd
■ : -:iily heikjiie, removing them out of their Way by
'' ' -I 111 ill tlie other Countrir ol the Indies the Crown
' 'YXT.ili.ary, and ihc il.Ult Son conltaiitly fuceeeded his
le'iu witliout any Diifiiuhy or Dil'piite : Hut, as to the
' ;eijr ll.lfory nf tliele I'rir.cipalitits, there are none th.at
■■^e hill pnhrvcd, if we except that of the Indian
i-'-Jjji, luiuirniiig which Me^^ijlienes received in tiie

appears

phy is your fupreme Delight, and the Rule of your Ac
tions: Permit me, therefore, to have the Honour of
ccngr.itulating you thereupon. What you lliy is true, re-
plied the King ; and I am extremely gkul, that your Senti-
ments agree with mine. Is it the Laws of your Country,
continued /ipollonius, or is it your M.iji fly's particular
1 afte, that removes from your Court all tliat Magniiicence
and Pomp, that are uflially found in the Duellings of
Princes ? It is both the Law, replied the Prince, and my

^ ■■'m'rji,,! d, %\,ih.„ hrnt'-nnmrhm, p. 70. '' Vijo'i Vr.ivfls no lt,i:u, p. lyl. ' Sirah, lib. XV. p. Oiji). Vi^iisi: Si-k/.

•'■"'• ;i, Luti. lii,. u. Ain^n. ,;t Ixftiiit. Ait \ani. lib. iv. tl it l;Mi. e. ti, y. '' /'.'v'.V;.'. i.h 111. c I -•■

+ own

Ii'

XM'

Irpfe

'.my.

•^t\:

444 '^^'^' l)>i'^"^^vcry, icttlcnuMit, ^^z;/// Ccmnicicc 1^^^,^|

i.:.

'■^'i

i'Ai

ov.n {Mivarc Jiu'i^imiit, tint li.ivi' 1 .iniilii\! th.it duiIkIc
Sluu, whiiliis i.-^it.iinl>- no iiiorcthaii a f.ili'i tilury, aiii
luj no fort ot ComtJMinJ.incc with tiuo M.rit. 1 ul'-,
witli Mokkuticn, tlw i.hIl' Sjilnvicr tliat our Laws pir
m:t ; .iiul, tiji m'Ji 1 ni.'.y truly '.iv , tlvt time arc Kw
Moii.uii,'- n^Mc pittoriiil than myk!.', y.t, with liki- \ c-
raiity, I i.m .UVinr, t'.it I can W ront nt wiih a httl.',
and leave the n'l to my I'r.eiiJs. i l.ippy (I'lDiioiny,
ciial out .IpulUniic, wlii li ti-.uhis ymi, ly liiliiil'mg
^Vl•altl), to \nirtii..rc a Iruiiuri ot lui'tTior Nature ! But,
rq'iuvl tin- Kii'j^;, it IS not only to my iTitiuls that 1 jwrt
With my KkIu^.-, I ivm l\Uww tome ujon my I'nimus,
that my >''ul j^cts may ini<iy Kdl and I'lanquilhty. It is
in tliat, ami ihat aiuiic, ili.it I plaif all my (iloiy ".

jlfoH'iuw, at.irttanls, iiu;uifid into the Kinj^'s man-
ner ot hvint; V to which that Monarch anlwcrcd wry gra-
tiouly, I never driak Wine, but wh. n I laerintc to the
Si,.i : What I take in huiuin^ I dillnhute amonj; my
1-riemis ccnteiuni;', niylUt witli the Iktelit I receive tiuin
the l-xenik-. Asl'-.-ihy lood, it co '.iiih ot' Herbs, the
lTu:t ot t'le I'alm-iice, and otiier Vit;etaliles wliieli 1
cuiiuatc with my own Hands. Alur tuis he la:hed with
tile Kint;, and w.ts er.tertaiiud at a liimptuous Diniicr, at
will. h no more ti.a^i iivc I'lrl'ons were prelent i at whiili
wrrelcrvei 1 illi, IdwI, wli.lelaolis, Kids, the I'aws ot'
'1 ytv rs Kovjts, I-'iiiii'-, aiul lluud. 1 very one role Iroiii
lus fiacT, and tO)k at the I . b'e what he thought lit, rt -
lurinii!^ In his I'Lic, and cat it tli; re at Ins I. (Mure.
Br.iiKius ol laiiiel, Mjrile, and (>ther odorilerous Trees,
Were liatiiied in ti.e Kjum, yii ulini; an agrnable, but not
a'l ov.ivnininj;; .Sce'-.t. All Dmner-tiiiic the 1 able was
I'liiioiiiHkd liy thirty Muliriaiis 1 and, at tliC l,.m ■ time,
Icveial youn^.', ln.i.i'is I'.iverted the K;-;', \v.t!i l-cats ol
Activity. \\ inn ewiy boily hail dt»ne lating, levcral
L'Uj's were liou;;iit ot a veiy laif^e Si/e, out oi" which
eveiy Man dr..nk what he tluiu-jjit tir ; Ins I ica.i, accord-
inj> to the (.udom ot the Lountry, being entirely co-
verai by t!ie (. u|> ".

h is not to ii.; lurpof;-.!, that in a Cnuntry ot Cj larjje
txtcnt as the I :.i:<s, al! the I'riiiir-. Iho'.ikl i ■:i!u. the lame
rig'..l.ir I'lan, or piciirve a like Severity ot Murals: A;id,
indce.;, tile contrary ol te.is is evi !f nt troni what J lillory
inli/rin: i;s, wl:!i rc:',.e.i to the Kin^i'om ot Mufuan,
vi;:ch lay ti.warvis th : Mouth ol the Kivtr Indus^ in tliat
Vvi o! ti'.c Couf.try, whi.h, tron; its I.ik' nets to l!ie Delia
ii y./yjt, Iktc the l-nie Naniei tiie IVinies lA whi(h
Jived in ali ilie Spltndcir, and m all the Luxury, (-f the Per-
funs, or rather ex cul d tin .n in Ixit'i. A Mulutudc of'
Wiiiiiea were pcr(H-tu.iily about the K:n^'s I'ciloni k\
tli.'.t he was, ly thiir Actions, their Sonits, and their
Diic-ourle, pt-rpetually excited to lafciviu-is I'kal.ires. When-
ever this Moiardi apj^cared in public, his OTicers car-
ried lilvcr l;i.e;il'e-p its iKt.ire hiin, to per.u i. the Air.
llehvat lull lAn^;:ii m a Litttroi Llotli oi tiokl, gar-
nilii-.c! v.ith I'ear--, ioi.i; ^trin|.;s ot wlm h hun[; down on
every .">i le. 1 iis 1 ljb:t was a lun;^ Kobe ot Linen, ein-
broi 'eri\i with Ciok! and I'urple. His Concubines ae-
comptia-el liun with a I'l.mp iqu.il to his own ; and \m
(lua, .is (.-.md ISianchiS ot I'^^eet line'ling \\ Ood, tilleil
w^iIiBid.s ot every Km.!, t!ie wil.l Notes ol' which wrre
e:l'. enie.! iiv '.lie XK.iitiKS bevon i any kind c;t Mu.ic. Altr
his Tr..!:! tol'.ow.d tiic tju'. en, with a Magniiicence e>iU.J,
in a'l reli'. els, to thii.it hu (.onlurt.

I'he only Kiiiii ol l-xer. it'e ul'ed by tins King, was I hnt-
in^ : .\n.t wiien h-: tt>ok tins Divirlion in a I'ark, he was
absaysin his Liianot, lurroutuied by hr. Concubines, who
(h'.t at the Wild Beaih, .is well as he -, but il he purfucd Ins
Sport m theo[xn hild, he w. nt .done, mounted uiMni Ins
I'.l( pliant. 'I'he I'.i'try ot hisl'al.u:: was adorned with a
li.itcly I'oiTi'.o, LomiMjIid ot many IMiais richly [;dt, on
ra( il of whiih a \'ine ot Ciold twilled iticll to the veiy Top,
adoried with tlie I'lgun s ot teveial kind ol Birds, painteil
»)l dill'i-i'iit (.ol'urs. Tins .State rooni wasojKn to all the
World, at th'- 1 lours ot Aiidnnce cfpecially ^ but at the!':
.^(alors, wlid-e the Kiiij^ give .■ukiienre to b'.mbalTador>,
h a;aCa„!>s (jr did any ollur ki.d ot H>.linels, he had

•,'"•.■ ,7r /,' ,1 , :;. ':: ■,^.,1. '■ l'!.iii,".ti.l,i.nl (.

* PUhjIial. Jt ^,in •/,..'.»/.. I,u-i,, ill i. r. itj.

fe\<ral W. men about l,i;.n •. I. tre of ul;f,m ((,^,1 1
Hair, tcme peiti.med his I kuj., and others his 1 '
His Lace was very clo'ely lliaved, txc, -.t the vm I'''
ot the Chin, Iroin wh.iiit: there hung a Icr^r i^,-,' ' 't
Table, and on all other Occalions, he wa,i;?vn| h' ,i!!'
LaJies ; and was l"u lealous of lirifter l;(f|,:-,s L^^^.C.
I'erlon, that il .my lo(.ked upon him tK(, r'-.'jd.liV'r'.i t
neaivr tlian he thou^l.t (onv.nienr, he ori'ri.i'ti,',,,'.',)^.
put to Death. .So p.ii!lonately tond t!,i, Mwurch w ^r
Hortes, tliat he loiiuiianded Holidays on th.ir Ace" •
as it they had been really I'art ot the {{oyal l-xx^h 'i'
may not, hov.tvcr, be ami Is to cautio;-, 'ti,™ K^j'/ ^ ^ .'
biiih tlule Auounts, winch, it mull l.e conlifia', !j
liable to Unic Objection',: And, i" niy Opii,,„n, .-.n •^.
thor h.is no mcie a Uis^ht to produce a 'liii'picioiis VitrV;
and avail lumleli ol his I'dhinony, th.in lie wcuU lav;:'
deceive, in the fame manner, aC'ourt ci JuPjco. " Jnt^llj
Cales, there is an Injury done to Tiutlii andthu' it [«
true, th.it the latter m.iy have nidie fatal Cunf.qui t/.cu!;«
theloimer, yet the Fallitier ol Tiuth dues his i.tm,!', in
one Cale .is Wv II ,is the othci ; And fo Lir the Ciiir.i: i'ali't
in both. Tlie .Author of the l.itter Account i. 0'.'tyi.r;;.j
who was Captain ot JlcxMdcr\ Ship, ami h,;J, iluu;,!;'!'
Oppottunitiis of knowinp, the 'i'ruth of the Fac:, i'i-
iculd have had C'aiulour inouj'ji to luv; rclatai it i bj
lie li.id n.uurally Inch a Love tor tl;e .\LrvJ:uis th';; h{
could i-ot hi Ip exa|jgerating wh.itevcr he rqairtal, aioVrj.
/'f, and other Writers, agree, and as the Licts thta-.fdvn
plainly ikdaic. .'^miiluj CkiI.uj, an ekga:-t Wrttr, Iu
one who was likew.le tond ot Wondets, cej.iid tii.s.''': rv
sshere-cver he found it -, whith may, po.T.Mv, be tr..i, e.!
has ,111 Air it lii,pi(i!ubility, at leaU.

As to the lormer, ylfo'.Uniin 'J\.:''fu<, I e.U"l:t to bv;
^iven the Ke.id.er a complete Siiiion of his 'I'r.ivth, :: it
ha I not been tor th-. t'urmer Objei^^mn \ which, liiiuucx-
Li's, wei^iied with nic (o far as to enpi'.e me to lay ai'w
th.ir UeCi^;'). 1 le was a viry tamous l'la'ofnph;r of i
Py.lj.r^ordin .Se^l, lx>rn .ibout the time of tlie Cuir.T.cr.c-
me: t ot the Chrillian .Tjm, and whu liv.d to th.- .Ajvoi
laiuiy-lix, or tlureabouts. lie w.is .i .Man of vrry li 'j-
lar Charailer •, for he a'ViCled preai I'uiityof Mi.riu!,
an.i, .it the lame rime, aimed at two ri.ii.L's, which ;<:tra
ii.compatible therewith : 'I'he liril ot thele was Maj^ic; n
wluih he pretend,.!; to have extraordinary ."^kill, ar..l tu,';
a {^lear dial ot i'uns to p. rfuade the Wodd, thath:la.:j
^r( at I'aniliarity witn the l)eiiiuns, ami was aHv, liyiL'
1 K'lps Ut periorni inipjiiy i'cats. 'I'ii.- (.tiier j;r'..i! A.ni
ot his L,ile, was the rellorinj; and ftipp^rting Poltb.n,
or Id.olatry, which was then vciy much on the Dccl.iie.

To aceomplilh tlule \'iews, he travclkd more thin iiy
M.inot his Time. 1 Us principal Difciple was ojic Dot;,
ssiio loilowed him ill ir.oll ot his I'erej^rinations, aiAl',jrti-
cularly into the liuiuf: And this Man it w.is tlut L![ Ix-
hind iilm Memoirs of his Mal'ler's Lite, which wtrjv:r-«n
up in a very loniuled NVay, and in a Sti.'e that was v;r/
unujuth. riiUjlratus undcnot k to iDhdi thcfe, ar.ilw
put them into piopc r Ord.er i anvl this \Sark i/t h;si<t?«
which I lite. But wheflur it In- thro' his Liuir, ortxn
the Dttut ot th- oii['>inal Me-uons of 7).;;;;;/, itl.nu
out, that there many ■Lhi;.(',', very iLinctually reliiid in ii
SUiiy of his 'liav. Is, which, even at this Dilhncu
'Iniie, we know could not \k- true. One liillmce ot tha
may fuir.c ■, tor the Ke.ichr's S.iti'Jaitiun, \sh;d» 1 til
bruij^ within as llioit aConipali. .is poll'iMr.

In his Way to InJui . if:-llcf:::is p-itfed t!au' P,i:tiyl:>iy.:.i,
in his Lite, IS. i. Iirif.nl -wCity ol iwcnty fjur Im;?' >-''
Circuit i and, in tliort, appears, in cveiy riip.et, ai .!
flood 111 the Days oi Sibudiiducznr ', the' it is uitain i.a:
City was long Ixfore dcllroycd ; and I'liny, whu wjsf"'
Coteinp'orary, alliins us, and that very truly, that not.'ri;
hut the Temple ot Hel:ii lein.iincd intire, al the rilll^"'S
Income a pei Uc t Deli r'.. IL- lik- wile rcpielc-iiis it H' w
Se.ir ol the Pr.ithian KiiiGs, which i: ncvawas; lor:.:o»'
riinc.s fjKiit the Winter at Cuf:^lvr., nrar iV.«.;'. ^^
the .Summer at U.ii.tna. Theie are i iiny etli-r S!i;:s>|
the lame Kind-, by whole Negligence iunimittcJ,in>r.o!

<6.

' Otijuilt. 4if tfrait'im, /• - 10.

Cull, liiy-'

Chap. II.

of the East Indies.

447

V to fay i ^"' i"''>'''"n^''> •■*■' ''"^ Work of Philojlratus
"(lunih with fuch Mift..kcs, it was ncitlitr fit for me to
■* vrt tht Travels oi ,ipollonius in this Colleftion, nor even
lo (imitc liini as to any particular lads relating to the In-
,J ^yithout giving the Reader a fair Account ot his Cha-
ncUr, that li) it may be in l>is I'ower to judge of the Cre-
,i',t ill', to the Matter which he relates.

It IS likewile niccfiary to oblerve, that the principal
thin" 111- propoleil by this Journey to the Indies, was to be
[KILT intornKii by the Hrachnians as to the Theory ami
I'riL-tiCL' ot Magic i in which, it is pretenikd, he fucci tded
n ritdly Will : And ytt, as we lliall fee hereafter, from a
Cloud ol Witnellls the Brathnians were, of all People in
the WorM, the lalt tiiat ought to have been apuiied to tor
th- I'.niis at which lie aimed, fince they were Itiict Deifts
in |V)int of Opinion, anil heartily abhorred Fraud, in which,
»i;h()iit doubt, Magic is, and ever was founded, as con-
fiilinK in nothing more than the Invention oi cui:ning
Tricks, toamule and impole ujjon the I^jnoranr. On tlie
VVhilt', thtrclore, we niiy, perhaps, come near tlie Truth,
it wc believe, that th- /«i/m« I'rinces livetl in mucii greater
fipkm'.or than he relates, fince we have the Auth-jiiiy of
an aiiiicnt Author to prove, that the I'alace of a Defeen-
iJMioWoriis w.ts much more magniiicent than tliofe of
ih; Pjrlhiiin K.in|^s at Sitfa and Ecl>atana' ; yit this might
be withciit any Uuiiiiuitiuii of tluir Virtue ; for it is not
the l'i)lliHioii of Wealth, but the ill life of ir, that con-
ftituiis Luxury and Ktieminacy. In other nfpects, the
Chiradcr he h.is given Pbrnoles, has nothing in it abllird
or improbable, bec.iufe, fupi.ifing him to have aded on
the rriiiciples aiVribt d to hiin by /I: oHonius, he would have
dune no more than his An-ellor iaxiles did, who, by
fouoili Words, and rich Gilts, got the better oi AU'xandir
me (irrat, and not only prelerval, but ii.larged his Uo-
nuiions by the Wiidi m ok his Behaviour.

J. The Virtues ot Kings ai\' not to be dcpindcJ upon
for the Pidlrvation ot St.itisv w'liich is a Maxim t.uight by
tne Uglit of Keafon, as well as liipported by that oflx-
jfrincc: But perhaps no I iillory lurniOies us with any
I'liance of a N.itinn, that tu.)k fuch early and elfectual
Car.toleture tliemlUves tiom tli-.- had l'',tl'.':ts of arbitrary
l-'owcr, as the Imituns. In every I'lintipality there was a
fy.nif, without whole Advice the King could do nothing
ct Importincc •, and, in cafe any Man thought himlelt in-
jercc hy the joint lower of the King and Senate, he v/as
net witliout Ri medy, but might, if he pleafcJ, appeal to
tlie People. It was lor this Keaiun, and to lacilitate the
I'nicrvatigii of their rl'pertivc Privileges, that in every /«-
i:u^ State the People were divideil into feven Clafles,
Tribes or whatever elfe you will pleail to call tluin, each
ci which h,id a lulTnicnt Number ot Heads, vei!i\l with a
fonijxtciu Des^ree of i'owir, for the Prilcrvjtion and
i-rot.diun ol tlu ir Brethren : And it was the capital Maxim
in their Laws, that e\eiy Man bclnnged to fume CLifs, or
other ; lb that all weic alike tree -, i.nd there was no I'ucli
t:.i:-gabServitUile known amongil them ''.

'llietirll of tliele were the Biaelimans, or Philofophcrs -,
cfwhoin we (hall fjx-.ik paitii .ilarly in the next Section,
aiii Ikill, tli( XI to! e.coiucnt jurlelvi s with only nanu'ng tlu m
^ire, in their Order. '1 he lecoiid were the 1 lulbandmeii and
IiriiK-r;, who conrpoled the Body of the tit.ite \ anel the
fip'.il Service they rendered to the I'ubl.c, by cultivating
tvUmI, ami llcuring Plenty, joiped to tlieir cxcmpl.iry
i'rUjity, obtained them tlie higlictl Rd'j.eCt. It w.is tor
iliisRcalon, that in ail Wms, whether civil or foreign,
t"' y were exempted tiom taking up Arms : Neither
touiil they he iniured ordilhnbcd in their Labours, with-
''i;ta Bre,uh ot tiie L.iw ol Nations ; a Crime no Indian
1'iu.ce W.1S ever lurily enough to commit. It w.is, there-
fore, r.u uncommon vSi;!,ht, to l)eliold a blooely Battk- on
on; Fiiic ot a Pi.un, and on the other. Men lowing or
I'ii'ing, uithc.iit tlie leall A|)preheiiliun, either trom the
fii.y ot the Victor, or the Delpair ot the Vanquillud.
Iticy w-re, likcwile, exempted trom all publiek Oliices :
f-r it W.IS held, that their very Piulellion was a public
^■'ice, lince it contributed to the Good of all, by main-

taining a conrtant ami unintrrruptMl Plenty. Tlic King,
however, w.is acknowledged the loic Proprietor of all the
Laiuls in his Hominions, from which he received a certain
1 ributc ; and befidcs that, a fourth Part of the net Pro-
duce 1 out of whieh Revenue, all the E.xpence5 of the State
were defrayed.

The third ClaA was compnfed of Grafiers, .'^hephcid';,
and Iluntfmen: Thele had the Care of their Herds and
I- locks, and had the fole Privihgc of breedin,";, buying,
and felling Hoifes : And as the Country was much infeftcd
by Lions, Tygers, LIcpliants, Birds of Prey, and other
pernicious Animals, the 1 luntfmtn were nor only ren;ardcd
as a Race ot iV^ple very uLfnl to the State, and allowed
to poliefs, in lull Property, the Fruits of their Labour,
but received alio an annual Proportion of Corn, as an Ac-
knowledgment for th ir prexrving the lelT:, which could
not have been either l()wn or reaped in .^afety, Init under
their Prott-aion. As thdl- Pcoi^le led a wandering kind of
Ljte, they h..d no Vill.iges or .Settlements; but pitched
their Tents, fed their C.ittle, and purfued their Llunting
ill the Wooels or Mountains : So that they did no Preju-
dice to any Part of the arable Ground.

Uneler the tburtli Clafs were comprthended Artificers
and Merchants. They paid the King a certain Tribute,
except fuch as were employed in making Arms, or in the
Conftru:tion or Service of the Fleet, who were paid for
their Labour by the Pu' lie.

'The lifth Clafs v.a compofed of OfRcTS and Soldiers,
or, to ufe a modern Phmfe, the fifth Clafs was the Militia.
They had no other Bul'n.lh to minel, than the i'rtf.rvatioii
and IVoteCtion cf the Siat •, and \v,re obliged to take
Arnu whenever th- King thought fit, for the 'public Ser-
vice. They were k-.i^^cil anil maintained at the Kii^g's
Fxpence, who provideil for tlieir 1 amilies when they were
abfent in W.ir. At that time, the whole So; icty coi tri-
b ted to the Support of what was intended for the common
Good •, fume furnilhed F.lephants, Ibme 1 lorf.-s ; one Pro-
vince Forage ami Proviiion, anil arother Arms. The
Mcgallidiis, v.ho w-.re a People inh-ibiting on the other
Side the Ihfki/ij, fuppnted conllantly five hundred TTe-
phants, ami a confideiable Body of Troops befidcs. 'The
Cbryfca<is, tlie /Irtw^ians, and the Pcvanfangiiins, who
were all Subjeds of the fame P.iincc, kept' cunflantly on
Foot tor his Service, an Army of thirty thoutand Men,
eight hundred 1 lorfe, and three hundred Ekphatus. The
Soldieis, after their Return from the War, were kept con-
ftantly to martial F.xercills, and a very ItricT: Dil'cipline,
tho', at the CTole cf the Caivp.iign, they delivered uj) the
Arms and the ITorfes, which were furnilhed them at the
public F.xpcnce .

The fixth Clafs was compofed of the Infpeiflcrs, who
had the Caie ot examining am! looking into the AH'aiis of
Town and Comtry, aiul were intrufteii with the Superin-
tendence of Art> and Commerce, each M.in in his parti-
cular DillricT; ; and llieie People made from tiir.e to time,
txaft Reports to the Prince, it the Cicvirnmint they
livtd under was Monaichic.il, or, if a Republic, to the
chief Magillrates, of the Condition that all things were in,
within the Limits of tlu ir rilpertivc Juriidiiltion. And if
we can give Credit to what the Hillorians report, we mull
allow tlie Indians to have been the wifell and h.ippieil of
Nations, fiiite tluy pofitively aflert, th.at before they were
conquered by, or intermixed with F'oreigners, there never
was an Infiance of an Inlpedor's negleifting, or bctr.iying
his Trull, to the Prejudice of "the Crown, or to the Op-
prefiion of the Subjcft. It is requifite to add, that the
VN'omen were under the Care cf temale Inlpertors, who
liad a Power of correfting all F.xcefles in Uiel's, in the
I .uxury of the Table, and Digreflions from the llriift
Rules of Morality ^

This Country was fubje-T: to Inundation?, like th.u of
Egypt, and perhaps to thole that were more conlider.ible ;
for the Snow melting on the Hills of Piiic/'iviiifiis, Cauca-
Jiis, Imotis, and the Enwdian Mountains, together with
the prodigious Quantity of Rain that falls in their Winter-
months, of .^prtl. May, and June, lloods the Country to

'' i^isJai . Hiiiil. /a. III.
'>e.\lB, 3 1

VisJii . Siiiil. Ill), iii. Slralo,l:l, >V. y/ninntU Ji.Mdi.

• r.'i'i. yut. i!:j}. HI. vi,
fuch

III

ill

) r

,.;.!L.. .;UP

all}, t l^yf'
] ' I. • ■ ■ ,. '.■{

■;||ii! '[^'ffj,

nil!'!

jl 1 -

I. :•

I; ■ r

U ''' ..

Wi-^^

Book I.

ilnl nor riiliCift <%'fii to our Tinirs : I'or thcf^ (;]„p ,__
liriciltly llic IcviTal /;;<///»« Calls, ot whid, nn^'.m ly'"
wllc-f. Iptak 4t this Day j fo tiac, as totlic lorm,,!,'.
aiitii'nt InJiun (iiivcinuiciu, it !■> a lai't out ot ,iii h
I'Utr : Ami one in.iy liifcly aliirm, that llivrc fare; cv •

4. Ihe !>i.!i.in Hiialtis, wIuk-vit he was Ins the Ik
ridiirot being the Author ot'this wile and womliriuLsy!^. '
ol (lovcriimciit, wliiih wa» cvtry where dUblilhul itit.V
InJifs, at tlic titiic lit JUxaMiier's I'.xprvhiion, wlnn ti,"
.Sul-jids i.r (Very httic rrincipality, the inlialnunts u'
i-v;ry trtr City, lived txa.*tly in the nunmr ai w/havc
iltliiiln'iU ami were, in all idpci'ls, the niufl civilizxi
.iiul tlic kft nptilitcii IVoj Ic in the Work!, All ih!
Writers »)t thole Times, .iml even liuli as arc the l;i

44(5 7k' Difcovci-y, Settlement, am/ Commerce

fihh a tUgriT, ;that whm the Waters arc limk, it is
lini;.ly unpollililc, that any Hoi;mUries, l^mliiiaik*, t>r
..tlur .Si<;ns ot l'r>iKrty, lliouUl bi- liilcernal. 'I'o Jhc-
vent any jliti.uif!. that this mii;ht oceafiun, tlure were, 111
tveiy Diltrkt, aurtain NuiuIht ol InliHrtois, who were
Men 01 I'm !i Skill ami IXxtcrity, that by ret rat in[; every
Man's l.,in\its, thry prcviMiil any Hili'iites. The- laiiie
I'trlbns liaii likewile ihc- Care ut the iniblic Reeevons ot
Water, ami 01 the- Sluie-s; So thai, by thfir Diligence,
the Country ncvir liillered ii\ the ilricll Sumiiicr. Aiioti.rr
Hr.uieh of their Chaige was, to look into the ComluCt ot
the drafieis .\.\^ I hintViiKn, fiieh as wrouj^'ht in the WoikU,
and in the Mines. They were alio .Survevi-n ot the
Highways; and in tlut (Quality they appanted Ciuuk<,
wl.o, at every tea Stadia intorined the I'ravelkr whieii
Way the Road lay i whtre he nvj^ht have Loilging i aid
l.uw lit It was to the next Stage '.

The Iiilpe.toiitlut urukd ;n Towns, were d.ividcd into
fix C laiVes : Oi tli. k, Ionic looked into the Manai^enirnt
ct I'Lukliinn aid Artificers-, Mlifrs had the Care ol ihc
Inns wlure th-y examined liith-Stianijers as arrived, m
Illation 10 tii.ir Huliml:. in the Country, ami gave Diicc-
tioiis, that they flioiild not Itay a'.wve three Days 111 one
Town. I'hey lik, wile prevented Stiang<TS,' as lar as tiiey
\vtre.ible, liu.ii ecniiiiitting any thing coiuiary to gooil
Mawursi vilitid them, if iluy were fiek ; examined thtm
as to thv Nature of tlKir Di'lh-mper, that tl.iy miglit [\-
li.ri it was nut ccnt-ii^ious : Tewk tare tliat tiny wanted
fiT nothing! and, in cif: of their Dtatlb, that their I'.t-
f.ets wire dilpof.d e>f purluant to thiir Wills. Otlurs
kept a Kegiller eif Kirtb and Buii.ils, and ft ilown very
exactly ti'.e Time, the I'Lite, anil oiIkt Cirtuniftanc.s :
The'.e likcwiii- lieiked into Weights ami Me.ilurcs, and
faw tlut tli.y were agrveal'Ie to the S'am'aid : I'lRy
alio pn vented the fame Man from dealing in eiilVtrent
Ciuexls, law that Manulacturcs were properly linillud, and
fet tlieir Sea!, to prevent DilputiS i iiii;uireel into We)rk-
mcns Wagts, and t.u.fcd them to be regularly pai'.l : 'I'liey
received lik.wile, the King's Revenues, which confifted in
Duties on (iexKls told, and not on the Stock in Trade 1
but It .my Man was eonvicted of fellmg, without bringing
1: to Accoi.nr, he futUie.l Death.

The miktary Infprt'tors had many tilings crnimitteei to
t'leirCare: ,\*, fi/i Iiilhr.ce, they were tiiarg, I to keep a
certain Number ot Boats in cor.l'.o. t Reailiiuls, lor the Taf-
fi{',e of Ri\er.-, am! tortrantj orting l-'or.ii;e' and I'lovilions
by Water -, as alio a tert.iin Nuink-r ot Cattle for Cai-
ri.ige?, and ti r removing Bajrgage. Tiit M.ig.i/mes were
likiwi'.c iindertlicn Care 1 ami it wasih. ir Di.ty to lo<jk to
tile .\riiis thut were Lid up in iheni, that tin y might be
torllaiily in gc/OviOrd.r, and (it lor Service. Somcot th^m
had theCl;.irge of t.'ic I- lf| liant, otlurs of tlie War-tha-
liots ; and oiiurs again i;:lp-.cted the Conduct of the Sol-
i'.itr« in their Quarters.

It is not a little I'urpr-finp:, that fucli a-s compofeii tlic
Coun' i! HI tile Prince, were thrown into the feventh and
liftClifs: Yet thel'e were nearcll tlic 'Ihione, and luel
thv Lirg'ft Share bitli in the I'air.s and in the I jonours ot
C. veil nun:. All .MT.iirs nl.iting to the I'ublic wrc
fi.biiiit:>.d 10 tie Del.biiatHm if the .Senate ; and the ir Au-
li.i.iity was, in lonii re!|KCt, fu[>tii(ir to that of theCrown :
I(,r tney lud the fole I'owa of Life .md Diath in their
lla-.ds, and polVefTed all the Dignities of the State. TIk te
Se.'-..itors letmul the more honourable, from the Conti-
nuanec if their Oilkts in their I'.imilirs, troni Ture im-
nHiiioiial i li^rby the fundanKnt.d Laws of tluir Conlh-
tiitioP, it was li.rbidelen tor any Man to pafs (jut of one
Ckif into a.-.oth(^ even by Mairia-e. A I'armer eould
n..t Ik I erne an Aitilicer, or an Ariilker a Merthant or
Si.Iiiier: Hy vsi.ieh uuident Prrciuiion, all kinels ot I'ro-
feiru.tu ri,ll to the l.ighed I'ert- ciion, the Lights of the
F.iiiicr Ixing comria.iiKatul to the .Son, and to down-
wai.ls, I Very Calhng being, in this reljxct, ;is ic were,
o;i: I an, ily. W'c m;g!u very rtafu;ulily fulj-^t t!ie Truth

I t .di ti.is tho' coi.fi, med to i:'. by the < ^ntlirrent Tdii-
ij.o.iy e.faiitit..t lI;lloiian«, if thi D.v.li^n u! ihz InJum

• /i-W . 'i.J Uh fii. PI,Ln(l.!il.:\. e.AO. ^ ,1 , a,, l,i

given to I'al'les, reprelint the Imiuvts as a very rybuil
i'eopk-, and of extr.iordiiiary Stature; Ionic of them livJn
loot high, particularly King Pens, wh ) was vi.iouh.l
by .Hes.iii.ler. I'lie Inhabitants ot the lower iWincc^
fying on the Banks ot the River Indus, were of J5dir<
Complexions as the Ftbicpians : And the only Diiiaat
between tht 111 was, that the fnJtans luut lung lank blick
llair, whereas the Hair eif the t U<i<ft,:>is vm (hoit arj
(urled. It was a Ciillom among the h;j!an.', to WLirij.a
Heards whi'.li tliry ilycii of leviral Colours ; ll,mc v.iu!;
liiiiic red, fome ['.recn, and Come ot a purple t ultur ■.

Th'.ir Habits alfo ditVercd very inuvh: Some U t'.rji
woic the Skins of Lions anil i'ygers ; others covered (:,::ii.
felvcs with a lingle I'iecc of Cloth, whieli reachal ir.in
their Hcids to their Knees. As te>r the SoUxrs, th,;:
Drefs (onlilUd in a Turbant, .ind a light Coat: Ailiii;y
Cloaths were eoiniTionly white, and were made citlwoi
W oifted or Cotton •, tor iho' m.iny Autiiors l|x.Mk ol i.c
latter, as if they were Linen-garments; yet it is ccrt:j:,
that Max is not of the (irowth of the Indifs. Iheoa.y
Shew they ma'!c ot their Riihes, was by wearing a lirto;
Ivory-pclidents in their I'.irs, now and then 3 purple Rote,
white or (lri|)cd SIkks, and UmbrelLis of fcvcral Co!o:;!,
whieh the I leat of their Clim.ite rendered ncccllar)-, a
svell as a[;rfeabb '.

Cut the MiKcdoniam, .nnd otlicr Greeks, who vavi
Rem.iins of .■!Uxand(r\ .Army, introduced amongll thtci,
by degrees, the Luxury whieh they had themtllvts Irrt
from the Per/tan^ ; and tho* the Induns loon Ihoeicf
their Yoke, yet they found it impollible to quit tlitiii
Cuftoms thefe Strangers hail brought an-.ongtt them: ArJ
from this Time it was, that thele IVople bci^in to w,-:r
Cloth of (lold and Silver, to embroider with I'carl, irJ
oti.er Stones of I'riec; and to endeavour toiiil'play, tot.'it
utmofV, tlie Riches with which their Country turtiiW
th- m. It is Irom this Account ot the Ma:tir, thatucirt
enabled to iudgc of the 'I'ruih, or, at kali, of tlie I'lcb-
bility, of what .Authors report loiuernmg this Nation it^r,
as on the one li.iiid it is lettaiii, th;it they were a [L',
ojK-n, and p/ncrous I'eople, who iktpiled I'oinp and J^r..»,
Ix-tore tiiey were (omipted by Stiari',c rs, |o it isnolducl-
tain, that after tliey l)ec.ime acquainted with tlic t-w.'.
and witli the Pn/tuns, by tluir iiu.ins tlie Courts ol tiir
I'linees, at [le.tll, received conftderable Alter.ltiuiis, l'«:
tht y lxL',.in to aliii't Pomp and Splendor to alinuif ai^'-
a degree as any ot their Neighbours, whiih w.isihf ir.;*
eafy for them to do, fince they were polF. llWl e>t tk".
greater Rielus " ; and faw too, that tliis Dilplav 0! tr.-r
We.ilth had a great I'.fVicl upon Strangers, ami pruc^rf-
an iinulua! degree of Reverenie and Coniplailar.ee; fwi
IS with Nations as with private lamilies, tht only 'A ay tu
avoid ill Cuftoms, is to lemain unacqiuintcd withth.:r.

5. It docs by jio means appear, tlut, ujion their givir?
into tliis Ch.uigc in their Habits and Cloath;, they itr.U
all in their Mor.ils ; bul, on the eontrary, niaintarrd tie
lugh Ueiaitaiioii they had acquiicel tor ili;irlleaiiy ^itttt.
and fliia Honour, lur fevenil Ages. 1 heir 1 ler.iidsw;,;;
a (iold. Aiiehor, embroidered on their Coats, to iigr-7
tlur, in their AlliiuKis, they were unalterable ; amltr-j:'
Tieaty cone u leel with them, held them ui UlLis an.U.-
chor •, a Character they jultly dclcrs'cd. 'i ht.-y J-'-''^

V. riutani. i, Jltxaxdrt. 5^ Curt. fit. Vui. //f'<*-'- "^ "'■ '
mtun Jhtt,t*f (^tfjiutf ilir,Jwl,

chap. n.

of the East Indies.

44?

ih-C'ouragf, but moro tlir Glome ncy ol .,7,.v.;«./.r i and
,liJrwleftJ"'li'-''= to til'.' Biav.ry of tlii'ii ov^.i I'rinrc /'a-
akina Citfc tliat the Statue of tlic one IhoiiM he nm-
ihntlyauoiiii'anitU by tli.u of the oiIkt. Their lii.ub
,jj,,wtre loiitimully inaileating I'liiKipKs «\ V'iituc in
ti, ir Sirii'.oiis to the Ptople, wliich Sennoin aic lUll <f)n-
(iiiiJ, tliinit;h tlic Subieitsof tJicm .w imitl) ihangtd :
Yii\\\v. Rri.iinm!, fiiKlinj; ihcir Pcoiile lK[',aii to irlilh
the fabulous riiiu!ot;y ol tlu- Creeks, iiuiiittil one of
niirown, whicli is now the uirrent Kcli^ujn of tlie /;/,//((,

Hut what iiHill appear an incontellahle I'rciof t)l thiir
or„u Ki'g.iri' for Virtue, is, tlic Law they eflabhllieil \ liy
V;ttw ot which, wlien any eminent I'lrlon iheJ, In-
lYcUrswere appointed lo examine llridlly into his I.iie
ami Actions, of which tliey compofed a M.inoir, mn-
diidiiiB with his Charader i in which, if they were guilty
cither of I'artiahty or Prejudice, they loft their Oilii es,
and wire cUlared infamous to all Pofterity \ l)iit there
wircvcy few Inftanccsof their incurring this Punillimnit.
it was in confcqumcc of this Law, that they ncvi r t n Ct^d
any Monuments to the Memory of the iJead \ lor they
rui'iiol'eil that this Memorial of their Virtues fecurtd their
fame more eiVedually '.

rhiy had, naturally, a great Love for Order, and wi re
fxcialingly attentive to whatever might promote, or pre-
f;rvi It. 1 hey could not be faid to have borrowed any
Pa;: of their Policy from foreign Nations, beeaiile, as we
tavt cftrn obferved, they had not, for a long Series of
Atttr!, any Correfpondence with Strangers: i\iul though
it lie true, that the A^j^^/Z/rtw, Spartans, and Roiimiu, tli-
viJcJ their Suhjeds into Tribes, yit it is certain, that none
iif tlicfe Nations carried tliis Regulation near fo fir as the
iiidiitii, who took in all foits of People ; lb that, by the
Frame of their Conftitution, the loweft, as well as the
liightll Orders of Men, were under the immediate In-
lixchon of their '"lovernment -, and could not he wantin[.;,
in any rtfiied, to their Duty, without falling uiuler llie
Qnfiire of their Sui)eriors -, which was a 'I'hing of iiili-
rite Confequcnce to the VVellbeing and 'I'laiujuilliiy of
the State \

It was in virtue of this Regulation, that the Govern-
ment was perfectly acquainted with the Rank and I'ortuiie
of everyone of its Subjedfs ; fo that none were jx'rniitted
to travel lb much as from one Town to another, in any
other manner than was fuitable to their Chara^lrrs. Thus,
for inftancc, their Princes, am! greit Ixrdl| rode upon
Elephants -, fuch as were next lo them in RJmk were aN
kwc.l four 1 lorfes in their Retinue v the next in Degree
tnvdlcd on Camels ; the ordinary fore of I'cuple rode
tither on Horfes or on Afles '.

Itiseafy to conceive, that by adhering llriftly '[■> thefe
Riik's, Pndc and Ambition were hardly kncjwn, or, at
tjft, could not gain much Ground anionglf iliem. If ut
:ny time, in fpitc of all the" Care that could be takm,
D;li)utes arole alxjut Place or Precedency, diey were teriui-
nitnl in a public Audience before the King and Senate.
r.'urf, alio, all Controverlies relating to Property were
heard and decided almoll as foon as they role -, and it
VIS I7 this means that all the Mifchiefs ariling from
law-liiits were prevented, and the Peace and Quiet ol
t.'ic Nation ctlVcfiially prefervcd '.

fhcir Monarchs, in regard to the Love of Peace, (It
thfir Subjects a conlhnt and perliufive I'.xample : I'nr
'hough they hid all of ihem great Armies, and thole per-
!■■ tly well dilciplincd and provided, perpetually on Loot,
yet they very ran-ly brought them into the Pield •, though
It a: " ~ " ■ • ■"

I'pears tiom the F.xample of Pous, and from the Ke-
l_fliiicc that A'exaiiier met with from the free Cities ut
''•'•', lacy were capable of making a great Figure, as a
^'■J'likc People, if they had aiVei'fed it : .^ntl this appeared
lU! mure tli-jrly from the Conduft of the famous ^.mJia-
'-•'•''.', and his SuceelVurs, who were content to purehal'c

''«, tho'jgh at the Head of Armies, capable
V-ng and maintaining Conquefts '.

.Irri n. InMch, Phihjintl. lit. il.

of at-

(>. In aCniiiitiy fo hipplly druatcil awh.irs and wliieli
has brdi, ill all /Vgis, renowned lor its Abuedance, thty
iiii;4ht ».. itainly have lived with as mu. h J).!ica(y as
then Ndghbours the I'a/iaiis, who, from tlu: inoif haidy
imd liup.il, became the mult luxurious and protulc Peo[.'e
in ihc r.all, Hut, amongll the Indians, tlie Love of
TiMip(r„nie, inftilhd iuto them as a Principle of Re-
ligion by the HracliiMnr, pievented any I'xcifs of this
kiml, and rrltrained them to a very moderate UlJ! of that
I'Iriuy which they polllired '.

I'hiy hnd not, propirly fpe.iking, any Wine of their
own (iroW'th \ anil the l.uiuor (ij called by antient Writers,
was diawn litlier from Rice, or from the Cocoa-tree: But,
(IS both InrtH of Licjuor wire very apt to intoxicate, they
weic very |1 Idom iilul but in Sacrifices, public Fealls, and
in V(ty liiiall (^i.mtitiisat the Tables of their Kings. If
at any nine a Priiue fo far forgot his Dignity and Cha-
lai'br, as to fulVcr himlilt to be over-taken with Liquorj
their Laws .dlowtd any VVoinan, who was about him, to
Jiut him III Death while he w.is drunk ; and his SuccelTor
was (ibli|vd to ifpoiili. this Woman, .ind make her the
Partner ol Ins 'I'lnone. The con'.i\on Drink of die /»-
tll.iiii, in p,Mieral, was Milk and Water '.

As lor fhiir I'ood, the Syllem of the Metempf\cbo/iSt
wliii h prevailed generally throughout the Indies, kept their
Tables within due Bounds, allowing nothing more for
iheir Supply than Com, Roots, Fruit and Milk-meats ;
yet liime kind of Animal Food they had, llich as Tygers,
iiiid other wdd Uearts i and Fifli tuoi but they were Very
I'lainly dn lUd, without any S.uices, or other Allurements
to the T.iJle, that they might not be tempted to eat more
than was netdliny for the Support of Nature, and, thereby,
render tlumltlve's liable to Difeafes. As they lived fpa-
liniily, they llept not much at their F.ale, having nothing
but a Mat, or the Skin of a Beall, between them and the
Ground. Their I loufes wire low, compoied, for the
moll I .irt, cither of thin Planks, or of Reeds, fmall,
with little I urnituiv, and no Ornaments at all, unlefs we
(lioiild accimnt fur fuch their Roofs being made of Tor-
H'lfi. (lulls ''. Thus, in all refpeds, they were perfeftly
linilorm, ami Kd their Lives in the quiet PoUelTion ot"
what thiir Labour and liulullry procured \ content with
what ih( / pulllllld, and willing rather to part with Ibme-
what ol till ir own, to fecure tliat Peace, which they held
their p.ieatell Ilk llmg ', than delirous of employing Force
to emu h themlelves at others Fxpencc. It was, indeed,
the p.ie.it I'elicity of thefe People, that they .idled in eVery
rel'pu'l upon Principle •, and were fo addie'ted, from their
inlaiuy, to a regular Life, and an equal Contempt of
Danp.er and of Pleal\:rc, that they were not liable to the
common I'aihngs of Men, but were capable ut refilling
'I'emptalions, and of delpifing Threats.

•/. If we had no other Proofs of the conflant Courage,
«nd magnanimous Spirit of the Indians, we might be con-
vinced ut It tioin that Ruadincfs with which almull: every
Rank (if I'lOplf not only met, but, if Oecalion required
il, ha;(eiu\l Death 1 and, il we m.iy be allowed the Ex-
prelliim, went out to receive him. It w.is not the Bracb-
m,inj only, who, (rom the M.i.xims of Philofophy, were
able til I'leel thimlilves a;;aln(l the common Weaknefs ot'
liuin.in Nature I but even Women, who, by Conflitution
lUid LdiicitiOii, Wire in the hdirs, as well as every where
rile, natuially cf a more timid Difpofitiun than the Men.
Till' Aciounis we have of this ditlcr fomcthing from one
.moiher V Init, by a little .'Vttention, they may be eafily
rccoiu ileil \ It was cert:iinly in the Beginning a voluntary
Ad, aniinp, (rom an extravagant Artedion, which in-*
dueed till 111 to quit that Lite which appeared to them more
hatctul .md terrible, than Death itlllf : But, afterwards,
there were fome Reafons whieli made it requifite to en-
touiai'.e this Prarticc by Laws -, yet Hill the Spirit and
t'niiia;i,e of the Women, who thus devoted themlelves to
D.aili, rather than furvive their Husbands, deferved Ad-
An antient Writer, of great Integrity, as

nui,uii.ii

'■i'J'r S:,ul. 1,1,.

;-/'■'■ 2S. PI.:.'J,,„..'.in..-. « J.,iu„.lih\l <.^ I , ,..

' '-• '' lu Uy, when luiiK .ittrib-ic thU to tlie Lain. :in(l ollifu lo llit' Wei i>l llie \N lamn lluiiiU'ive!. tl.ry may be proved to agree, by I ewing
•'"■ li*. iiu.li tl.u huiiojrablr. ;inJ. .n Ttiic mo:iliue. UMUUilc i ,»nl W'l IMllioiit iinimluv. ;ii; .iLiclu'.e .Necjlc.) , tor th.ll v.ouM luve ri:il-

«/, nil Infill.

!i,lt /,/mii. ^'1/,;

' ArriM. St, ah. ■* DioJji\

* Strubc,lil>.\V. Jl'.'CH. Oi'pn /i/'.xU. P/:n,
/,/.. in. > Dk,iir.Suu/.iit>.ih. Phitojhet,

'•■''■ '"•"l^iilS'-: i;..iim.»i,;ul,;i;

;inJ. in I'Tiic mo:iliue, ii

.|llllllC I
■t. lii. VII .

i'.w/, MJ..

lln|K<lll ,

iifii

i I- jd;
^■'■i: i4"'!l' rf'i'

■'" ' -i;

■y :

vsl)

;r ■^\:-^]$

M'.

m ■.!

*f I

' it'-

\ > ;i

1::

4.4.8 7h Diil-ovcry, Settlement, timi Commerec Book I.

well .i<. j'.rcat I citniiiK. ''•'■''' T'^r" '^^ •< I"!'/* A"<'ii"'<'f
lliis MatiiT, <i.i.il<)iiul 1 y an lilhiut tlul 1*11 cut alter .1
Haul. Utw(ttitliiMiiit(U)rN<)t.//Ai«<r./ril»c(irtar, in whith
^Kwvwr; ikliMfal .hit- .mil, Thr latur lu«', inluyAimy,

• HiKly c.r 'I'nx)i'» iliat luil Ikci\ I'.rawn out «t /«.//<»,
\>\wxv tluy l:a.l been left in rianlim hy .His.uider, am.!
WintcMiinamKil in tlis Action by (.V.VW, who, lii;litintf
very t^allantly, was killul ii|'«in tlu Siot 1 tl^i-ullol the
Sto y, With his (*l>ltrvati()iiMHH'H it, 1 llull ^wx yuu in
the Author's own Words.

' I Ic lilt, layn lu', t *o Wives bt himi hmi. who lol-

• loweil him all tlicCain|Mi.;n. On> h;- lia 1 iat iy mar-

• rie.!, the otlwr lia.l birn his Wih' tor loine Years •, ami

• both loval th. ir 1 lulb. n ! ixaed:nt;ly. It hud been an

• antient Liiftoni in IhMj, tor Men ami Wonun to matry

• thcnilllves aaoiv.iiij; to thurosvn l.ikin^;, withmit ioi\-

• liilting their I'auiit- . ami, in tegatil that youiii; I'to-

• pic would rallily many, and oltai rei>nt atterwards, as

• being dti lived in tlieir L'lioH ■, many Wives were lor-

• laigo, infrcaCiMK by (lrt;rers in Rir-.r-f,, „ ,]^^^ ^ _

• j'liion, our alter another •, at l(ni',i:i, I'-tiHikl' '

• all her ! aniily and Serv.uiis and then lur Hrothcn^i .

• her iii>«)n th.' i'llr ; and, totlie t'.nat Admir.t,„n,^,'7:

• I'eojile, ssho IUkUhI thitlic r to the SigSt; Witlioj, h' ".

• Cuiira^i , (he there ended h-t I. lie, '"''
• IIk wIh.Ic Army, fojcn'nly, in tluir Arm", n-ardrJ

' tl.riie ri vind the I'lle, Ixlorc it wa< k.mlcd , fr,v ,..,1.
' mean time, diliiolin^ ol luiiilt towards lic'r I h.i,,,.'"

• l5ody, diUiivfralnot, by any Slirickn, or odicrw !-7t
' Ihi- was at all daunred at the Noil'c c | thf cut''i"
' !• lames i |i) tlut the Si^.'lators were allVcted, l.mvvin
' I'lty, and others with Admiration and Alloiiiili|v,r,^,

• lur Kelohition \ however, tlu re ate fona- whutumico
' tlii>i Law asei\ul and inhuman*.'

.Siiih are tlie Sentiiiienis of thi« able IlilWiin i and
we liiui tlum lonl.rmed by limic t'l the (-uttH w'rittri
1,1 (IrUif .md Rome. Str.ih, I'reaking nt' the Un-rcnj^l
Ciiltom, alli(',ns the like Kealtitis lor it •, and to Ij t Q.

ruptcd, and tell in l^ivc uitii.oilur Mm i ami Uraulc aro, Um^ Ivforc '. I'hcre lanimt, therdlrc,

[(• 4".»

Poulu made as '.:> tlic Mattir ol l-'act i Iy wbVwl
plan Iy fee, that wl.at wa*. «4i;',ir.ally a J'emliar .i\cUt Gt.
iieroliiy, Ix-ume •:> time .\ lommon I'rai'lk,, Xi\'.\\a „
thr I'.ml, cll..blil1ud by Law, ::nd To Ki m'v a VmuA
ot their Ktli^'j.in V inl(Mini. h th.it Womni, vilw nt.n

• tluy >ould not, with I'ledit and Re|uilation, leave

• t'ui' iirll (.liuxi, they wi.iild ol'tcn ihiiIoii their 1 lul-

• bands ; to the more ready iiUftiny ot whuh, tlie Coiin-

• try did not a lif.'c loiiiiibuie, Iy beaiuij; many ixu-

• 1; nous Herbs i Time til whuh, it minglui in ever lo

• I'lnall aQiiint.ty, in Meat or Prink, W(.uld iiilallilly toeoinily witii thr Cuflom of tluir C'oumry, arc rq:u:tj

• kJl the I'lrlon to whom it was {'.iven. Tim wu keil Art ii fann-us -, and .n i oulm^^lyilu- modern rraiiia' ii, to Huvj

• i^;ro\viii^ (Viry Day to a t;rt..ier IVifcclion, a:ul many thMii, and ht tln'm turn W'hnrr% lor a I.ivtliliood ; f„"(

• lxingdelliO)«.d liy r'lis M,aii , noiwiihllaiidint; the |-.x- none of their own Relations will luok upon tlum, or,; -j

• ampiL-s tij.t Were nude to prevmt it, auitlier Ijw

• was eiucud to this I'lupuft, tiiat Wivis lliould Ik- burnt

• with tlif Bo.lieM.1 f eir ilecea'.cd llulbaiuls, except tli y

• were with Child, or lud b»>rne Child" en \ and that the

• who wou'd iiiit (A)lerve the lommon Ijw ot the I^tnd,

• Ib.iu'd reinain tor ever att>r a Widow-, Ami, as one ton-

• \;ct;doi the gnat^ll Impiity, Oiould i tx>iudidftom

• a'l iaind Kites, and ad eitlur Ikiiet.; a.d I'tivilc-jje ot

tli;ni the hall Suppcrf, Keaul ■ tl-.ey loiUliIu , n
Cowardice as a Hd (Ciioii ^,u their laniily , anJ, Utim
Realon it i^, that the l{elat;uns ot tl e \\ omaii, sr,.! 14
of the liuduiui, always atrrnl them to llie funcul 1',-,
ol'J:i;<- tlum to liriiik a k'lul of llupef\inu; Liquor, uJ.
l>i:try, and then thrull th> m into the ILiiuj '.

In many I'laees in the /«„';>;, the Ciilloin is row ij
fime mrakirr la.ii afide, but in otlurs it I'lll prcvaiis-, ti

• thv Laws. they erei't Monuments to the Memory of thfli: htrjc
• This being t'us tdabiillud, henccforwarel tliis W'ick- Laiiirs, m order th-reliy toeneoiiiaj;c thr. Trj^'ici;; Xi,

• ediiefs ol tiie Wives was changeil into acontraiy l'i.;elitci rot lar Irom (Icti, tlu re are at this i)ay a UJl if /•;..»,

• for, as every Wile, to avoiJ that unfuli'erable Dilj^race, < ailed Linj^uiti, who have ftlll a wurle fuiKm; lur, »!■,(]

* was to elie, th y be. ame nut only rartlul to pre 111 vc the

• Healtii, ai.d piovielc lor the Wiilbein^ot theirlluf-

• bamls, as that whuh was Iikrwill-ih. ir own i'refervation,

• but the Wives tlrove, on- with another, w'lo, by burn-

• ing wiih his Coiple-, ihoul.l yain tiic hi^^hell Reputation,
' An l.xanij'h- ol wiaeli fell out at this i ime •, Jor altho',

* by Lie Law, one (.nly was u be Innnt with th'.- I lusbaul,

♦ yet, at the I'Uiicral of Cuii.', l)oth llrove wimh IbouUl
' eii:-, as fcr Tome lioiiouratle Rewaiel ol ilrii Virtue:

• Whereupon th-,- Matter was brouj^jht Iw-lore tlu- IjeiuraU,

• for their IXeilion. The younj^er eleclaicel, t. at the other

• was With C'uld, anvl th;uiorc her Death <ould m.t
' (atisl'y tiie I -tw : The elder picaileil, tliat it was more

♦ agreeal-ile toJulVic.-, that Ibe, who was Ix tore liu- other
' in Ycais, Ihould Ix: preferred Ivtore her in Hunour •,

* tor, in a'l ctl.er Calls tlic eonllant Rule is, to yielel

• Rtfp'eCl to the 1 .liler.

' 1 he Captains being informrd by the Midwivfs tliat
' the Lldw-r was witli Child, picleire-d the Yemn^er -, uixjn

* whieli, the who loll lur Cauie, wtnt i-ut wiepin;:, rend-

* iny lur \'ail in 1'Kei.s, and tearmy; her liair , as ii lomc

♦ fad ami e'.rca;:;i:! News l.ad Ixm t.ild her ; the ejthcr,
' rejoicin^^ in the V.cloiy, inile tonhwith to the funeral

thr Men e!u , the Manner <d interring; tlum is, Iv li;::-^
tlum in a I'lt, wlure the Irvin'", \N ite llaiuls by thiBay
•i| her eleeeali el 1 liisbaiu!, tlu- !■ arih 1^ rani'J iluw.. \j (:.■::
Sh(.ulilets, .iml then tluir Nee ks arc twilled lei'd, .i
1 Hike -, ali.r whieli, a little 1 lilleKk of Liitli is laif lie*;:
their I baels ■'.

I iiuntii);i this, to flv w hovv tenaeicus the In': >i;i-:d
their Cullums, whitlu-r jv od or bael, as wellast.i -l';;:;;
the Truth ol whit the Antunt-i have defncicit in i:.(
retpce't. Hddie I <;i:'t this 'Subjcrt, I tliiiik it « !! i<
pro|xr to lay tijmewhat of its Antiejuity \ lor, umloiil !r.;iy,
the7irw»r.( iounel it prae''til'eel amon^tl them wlule tiny U
the .Sflnnopoly of tl;e /«i//,7« Traile i firee the tnie Miry
ol DiJo IS thisi tlu', to .iviJid a leeond Mairi.ipc. ilicvj.
luntaiily burnt heilell, and, alter lie /wJ.-./HCi.llim, it-
eamc a liviny iiatritice to the Miinn ul lur ....c.J
llullund'.

'I'hc other I .iws of the fn.Hiins were exa<f^!y cf th. lire
N.iturc, louneled on tlu Principles of tbu't Ji:11 .i', i"i
execute.! with the iitnu)ll Pet^ree of .Severity; Id. I
fiance, a Man who had ivrti lalle Teltiiiv ny m ...'^y
Caiife, civil (T iriiiiinal, h.id his Hare's un.l I-Veteul (".
I le who maiiiud another, not only tiiilerrd tlic LnV' 'K.-
l^ilc, tiin'.;x-d by the Women of her 1 loiile, and, by her taliaiion, tlut is to lay, lofl the lanu- MenlxT,\vIu;iv.r;t
Kineirel, brought loith, iiWl rie lily adorned, as to lejinc wa.s, but loll his 1 1 md likewitc with whieh he liiJi-:
nuptul 1-tllival, a'l of them letting fiuth her I'raifes, as Laift •, but, in cate he put out the I-'.ye, or touk aw-v i:.«
they w-nt, lii Se)!.! luited to th.u ( )n alion. Die of an Haii.i from a Meclmnic, or e'nc wliu 1; t la»

' As foe;n as Ibe eaiiu t.. the I'lh , lli- threw (.IV her Breail by liss 1 a'loui, he futrcrc.i IVatli witheiil .Mercy.
Ciarme ,t^, and eiulrilnite.! them anion^ll her .Servants as a jull I'unilliiiKiit lor ikpriviir; ar.ejtlitr M.m el t..e
and 1-riends, leaving thefe behitul her as Tokens to tlmfc Me.uis of living;. The lame Sent, nee w.is p.ilfe.! i:,03
who lovcJ hi r. I lerOrnaments coiihileil in Multuu.les him nho dilei;verc.l any kind ot I'l ilon, ii he di.l rut, it

<;l Ring, upon her bingrrs, let with all manner of pre-
cious .Stones, ot divers Colouis •, mxin In r 1 li-.ul, were
a great Num!)er of little {;oklen .Stars, between whieh
wei-C placed fp-irklin^ .Sto:us, ot all .S(jrts -, alxiiit her
Nee!;, Ihe ware abuiiei.inec ot JeweLs, (ome liiiall, oilurs

the I'atiie time, dif..uver 4 Reineiiy cajwbic ot prcv.niirg
Its IMiU. We may eafily e'ifeern, that th.- IKiiJ't^
tliele Laws w,i% to fupport that lliict Uillipln'c. h!;..'!

• D.eat' S,.a/. lib. x\x. f. C'K
* JJ,/ t ; y • hiuH.M

•• Sirahe, l:h. XV. Ciier TnlfUn. i^Jliin. Ii
' i Irui/s, „i. »»■.,'.. 710.

was tluuight ie(]tiiiit • li.r maintaining tiie (juitt an.i
I'lutptrity of ihe'itate .

•Dr /" «'»T.-a\d.;!

t:,«

Chap. n.

of f/jc T. AST Indie s.

449

In 1 Wor.l, tilt /w./'J" Conftitution was wluilly of a
I'm i JihI, iI *■«• '•''^^' It tlirovgliout, w. tlu- btlUal-
.u'aicii tor the <>i)<kI ot the VVIu.lr, of any Form ot do-
virniwiit iltvilalby the \NiC ct Man. By ciinliilcrinB it,
j,wclinii It llitul at lar«c in thii Scttion, wc- fhall calily
,iurrn, why the aiuirnt InJianj wcic lb jiraUnH of Fo-
rciljiurs Icttlinn aint.nKlt thiin v Cmcc it h very tvule-Mf,
I i,n a niixcil I'eiiplf auiM never be br(iii|;ht to livf pciuc-
j[ily umlfr lutli a L'onllitution, wliith ruiuinil it luitablf
hiucuion, Irom thfir vuy Inlaiity, to i\\\\H>\c the Miiuli
ot Mm 10 lubiiiit to it. It ii *llo no Ids clear, tli.it thi y
(iiiiourani-^l a* long a. they lound it practicable, all iorngn
TraJi', Irom the lame I'nni ii>l • i on whii h they leiloiicil
jlttrtiiis manner : i'he {',riat ImuI ot (. oininen r is to pro-
cure a^l -0 nuintain I'knty j ami 4S this w.i> already well
inoviJeii tiirhy the N.iture ot tiieir C'onllitutuin, an I their
Lws iiitavourot 1 lu^l)alulln'-•n, it leemni to them, tli il
llwif wii no tori i^',n Iraiic reiimlitc (or completinp, tl>'' • 'ap-
pindsot their Siitijci'ls ; but thit, on the contrary, it miift
Iraticiulc.l by Loiilei)uinies ilttriincntal to tiiat Form ot
(lOVirnnient, uiioii whi. h their Felicity itepemicd , winch
ti-,cy tliought ti,. retoic jiillilh A this i'rohibnion.

Hence, likew,!.-, wc ililcuver the true (jiouiuls of tliat
Polny which relti.iincil the Ambition ot InJum I'rinces,
a J ilctLTreil them trom nuking ConquelU. The I'rolpe-
ii'v otan Indian Kmgilom did not dcjxnd upon m I'.xt. nt
el I'crritory, or a Nluititmle ot .Siihje(;t>. -, but upon the
lino: Obcilit nee ot thofe Subjei'ts to the I aws, which never
vuaiii have been licund by ov rninninp; ihur Neigh-
bwni tur eitlxr the conquered Nation mull h.ivt In en
iPiwporatid with their owr, which would havelieen a Work
dilikult, il i:i)t iiiipr.ulie.il lie, or ihcli- new -Subj' cts mult
liivc lived alter their old luinner, whicli wouiil have pro-
(i'jcej numixrlels Ineonvenirn'.i's. It was thcrtlore the
liiitrtll, tvui ol the moll powertul of tli( ir Monarch?,
rjtiicr tol.Uhfy tiie Av..'ice of lu.h .w invadeii them, by
collly (jilts than to run the 1 la/.ard of mining', their Do-
minions and tluir .Subjects, by long ami liloixly Wars,
n.'iuh never roiiKi protiuce flirin any Good, and were, in
tVir N.iture, pregnant with Mikhicls.

But wliiif i< moll wt^nderfut, nnd lurt dcflives our No-
tice, was the Care taken ly the IttJiiin C'oi (Itution, to con-
ciliate the Loveot ^'n^:c with iindaui t d Courage, aiut
the lurpnrnK l''.x|Tcdietits they made ule of, to mipire
their Sul)jecis with iiCi- itempt of Dtath, at the fin iimu
tlut the [veat Kiid ot ull their Laws wa\ to lender tlicir
laves ealy and hapny. Where IVuple arc freiiutntly cx-
polc-it to Daiip s tlie .Smle of Jian^^er we, is oft", and they
atquire an h.iliiuial L(iura;j;e i but where I'eonlc lead m
caly, rt^ular Life, in the full I'oniHion of all that they
dtlire, they n.iturally Ikcoiiu- timoious am! clF. mm.itc.
'I'liiS iiowcVLr, was rot rlie Cafe of the antiriit IfMiinSt
amoni; whom, there were daily Inftanres ot Men dying,
becaule thty were not inclined to live lonp-.cr ■, ai.il of Wo-
men that (hole toaceompany their lludamh in Death,
ratlur than endure Lite without the ,1, Hy tlulelvumplcs,
A Spirit ot I leroii'm was kept up, and tlie Bracl.niins, by
lealin[; thir Dottrines with their Blood, licured an impli-
cit Ui het ol all they tau^'jit; that i-, ol all the IViiTipLs on
which their UtlU'.u n and (jijvcrriii; nt were tuuneleil.

llu re cannot, tlvritore, liirely, be any thni", more in-
ftruckive, more intut.uiiin[;, or iiuire woitliy of the
Header's .\tiii ti'iii, th.in an ample and diltinct Account of
thelc extraonhnary M- n, their 'Itiiet!., DifLipliiic, and
manner ot Livinp, i by a thoioii;^h Fxiinination ot which,
welhall be .ible to dilcovcr what inr.hty thini^s tlie human
Uii lerllan.iinr. isca; able of atchievin;;, when it is not de-
pielled by 1 yranny, or weaku; d by a luxuiinui; way of
Livii'i;. Wc fliall fee too, >\i'.li hew ir.iich JuHicc the
hnuhmanj liekl the tiill I'l.ice alTigned them in th ir Calls
or 1 nk-s, as Men who fpent their Lives in the Study of
i'ruth, and in te.uhini; it to others ; whereby th. y main-
tain d andcxiriilal a Power equal to Kin^s, in virtue (i:.ljr
01 tlie Wif.h)!!) ot their Wo.ii'i, and tlie Conioiinity ot*
their Actions to tl'eir I'rolcirions ; and huw tlie Bein^; of
this moll ex <'llent Conllitution (.upeiulid on the Aiai.i-
tenancc of this Order of Men, in tlicir primitive Inte-
grity.

'I It

S y C T I O N XII.

7w Lcarnir:7^ Dijuplinc, Offices, Manner of Li-vi/rr^ n :,t Privileges of th: PiMchnians }
incliHiing aljo an Account of their peculiar Do^lrines in Theology and Divinity.

I. V:c Care tnkcn of tie ll'Dmcn, iH-forf the Children cf the Brachiiians vcere horn ; an.l the Ptiim hiJioveJ on
the EJucii/ioii of their Sons, in order to jit thetn for this Vroje£ion, i. The Diiciptine in th^ir Schools,
miJ tlyir Exerei/ei, in order to f^rni /heir Minds, and qualily tbem for ihcir fuldic Ojj.ces, 3. ^eir
C-^tiJucl, in (fiialiti of Prie/'s tind I'rophets ; their Freen/itions /or Jen/ring their Authority-, ivid Ptin-
i!itii!il\ in lJi/ih,iri^e 0/ t/.'eir Duties. 4. A rational and dijtmJ l4ecctint of their Phi hfophy ; and an
E\-pLm!t:on of the^Do^'/rinf of the Metcmpluholis, as it -u-as taught />y ti.em. f. Ihe "Time at ichich they
'^••.•()//c:f,v//5 quit this aujlerc Coiirfe r.[ Life, to vurry and to fettle in -fruns, ivith their Prizileges.
6. Of the Ccirnaiiians, Sariiuinians, or clcllcd liratliniaii^; the manner of their coming into the Society j
f'v ' Studiei and Employments. 7. Of the Hrachni.iiis, iL'hich .Mexar.dcr the Great met mith in the
I"-h.-; vitb f'jme Conjedures as to their Form of iioik-rnme/H. i.Of tie Mijlaiet, Fahles, and im-
!''^\:-:e Reports, concerning thefe Sages, and their PLilofophy. t;. Of the Proofs derived from the prejent
•''''.Vfl/ //:,■ Urachinans or lirairiire, /;; //v Indies, in Support of the foregoing Particulars. 10. Seme

Rcnuiris upci ivhat modern jhtth(,rs h.rce deli-jcred upon this Suhjeil.
tic (heat, '^ith Diiidaiais ti.e Biaflmuui.

1 1 . Jhe Converfati -jn cj Alexander

TH L BraebmaHS werr a Trilx, or Caji of /»-
dia>i.', who aeculloiiiedthemfelves to the StUily
nt fu')linie Thinps, and were efteeiiuii thetiiit
Li*, on Account ol the I'xeillenc ■ .ind Importance of their
|l'i!v, U[ion the n^M Dilchaip;" of which depended, in a
J g'Mt iiieafure, the Sahty and Profperity ot the State, as
I *iil more clearly .ip^var, wh. n we come to Ipeak of their
I fivil and facred lum^ions : 'Ihey wi re divided into Hraeb-
y''mi(nrni(im,ins: The fornnr were Brmlmmis by

I !t""'- ''"^ '■*"*'■' '"■ ''•'''■'^'"'"' •'•■' 'I'-'" l''^' •^"pl.iined here-
I*" I heir Attention to tlieir I'olleriiy b(.;j;aii \ery
r^'V, and even wiiilc their Childven were in their Mo-

ther's Womb. As foon as it was knov^, that one of
their Wives was become pregnant, fiich ot their Society as
were charged with the bringing up of Children, went to
vifit the Mother, under colour of giving her their BlclTing,
but, ill Reality, that they might have an Ojiportunity of
bellowing on her good Counlcls ; fueh as engaging her
to abltain, during her Pregnancy, Irom what might be
huttlul to the Child, informing h.er wh.u Lxerciics flie
might ufe, and what it W.1S tit tor her to avoid. Accord-
in:; to the Reception die gave to thefe Admonitions, they
regulated their ConjedUires, as to the Genius and Difpoli-
tion of the Child '.

'. •■■"K.W. w. .inian JeErpiJ.;. .■lU.\ar:,l. :.i \u. l\'pljr. m .■Ihlinntt. //.« iv. I'.i.'.'jJ.J/ Lmtlm. S. .Mic/. Jt Mo, Oiut Sfaf'.'t,

N-^'Ms. ji. jY As

fl' ■
Hi

r w

■M. .':i

Ml'

I'wt'-";

!■''

IT ■'

: 1

•1'! .,

■ll

m ■♦

™^

■■■I i

^if;",

4^0 //;*' Dil'coNcn. iicttlcmcnt, <///// CimimLivo Br.okl.

■^^ ll'' k'lfw lip, Iv |u'Uil nr.i.iu4llv Inw
one M.til. I If. .iiM.ilirr, Jl\ watilmi^i .ittfiitiv
•'\ir ill* I'un'nl* i" I '•■«rr>m«, Inn iiuw
III u%\tA to tlic I'urf tiy o» lilt M*iiicr» i ami, in the
IIU4II lime, «lic I'.uattrt Cirr w.l^ i.ikcn, ilut n>itlifr
till AUIiiii* i>l iii^ MiikI, ur liip Mungth ol liii B«H.ly,
iliotil.l U wiAnuJ l>y t'«> nr.ai r.n.l»rncrs<»i Imluinciuc.
\i, -V lu nil* iiji i»> Vc.if< ii» |),liri-ii>m, it .H'|)C4ii-vl
tut I- wantal laltni* tor aiquitun; tli. ii Kin)*l<iln<',i>r a
Ciiiiihtvituiii up.iMr «)t iiiuliti'oiiin till- l^arl!lhl||^ ol ilut
l.ilc wliiili ihiti- l'l.iK.fi>i>Ji<r» It.!, Iw y-M not ioiillr.iiiHil
10 iniiluc tluir Loiirlc ot l.llc, hut jllmtil to lollow

I the Cue of to f.r flicm : But if, at 4ny imir, ihfy wrrc ft^rh^ .i
ilv, not only ilicy txucacil in fliu, l>y ulkiiij^ kki niuih, tO) if [, "'
fi- rliKMally, "l"'"! iiiiproivr Suhi-cu. tluy iiii|v,|nl 4 Vfel-iml'il'

. uiup H'on tluiTiUlvci, winch,' ioiii"iilii.g in 4n ,*by[|!. s*
IcniT, tor i lertim Spser of litiic, nude 4 iiiifiuuit {,",„!
ninit tor iluir tiirnvt liulilmiiDii .

It 11 iiuoiicfivjbic 10 whit I Irii'lits nt Sctrxt i\\,. 1,,,
«;l I ,ilo loiuliK'tcil liiciii ; lor th ir S|.inti l*inn lom ,1 1
uiliv., ilicir ll.aU iicil.-.'ly ilcir, -ml tlmr Hurti 1,''
01 ilut eoiiliilinx wliirh 11 ilw K-iultor InniKiUf t
iiiiliiUinl tluiiiKUiA, (iiul w>u r.if.lKirrtd by ahcV
.1 Kaic .)t IVopif i;ij)crior tixoiiii.ioiiMcn. in iwrein!

«ny flair. Hut, on the lontrar), il In- w.i» .idiiUiouH m hii H^uus ilus Uil tliciii tou lort o( Biluv.our,w:iit:,i,^|^j4
5tuilirs .mil 1x4a 111 tin- I'iituiiiuiiii- I'l wli.u w.iHiWl 'il^'' •'"''«•» '"f tluy luvrr viliud 4„y .. \^^\ ^^|,j„ ,j_^^
lit liy lii.» Sui-oiion, Ik- was initutr.l into iht;r ^1yll<llc^, rimi'!'. i.iiiu to Ire tlicm, tlityionllantlvimrruin.oivii
niiiUiKiu^i t i.p to all llif Ir.irnirj; ol ihrSot. llicir with moral or |Jiilolo|.|iual Dnoi.rl.s, liiitnl t.iilwut',.
.VIiooU\Mrc kvpt inalittif liiuvv, ataDilUiu' ir.mi the mu-. ol tir ir MeanrN i ami nuiiair I vuy link-, ii4f iji

w.th tlif (.oininoii toiiieriii ol 1 iii, ilupiliiig lU,. ,)^
1'liali.rts wliuli other Mtn dmnht, uiM the Diihiul.Mut'
wliiih they K.iiiplametl. Tluy ai.', on ihi A, ou.j
ilurc,r>l with llai.(5htinils, Svll loi.ieit, ami \'tiy<v, ty
I'.iiio ot th': Antieiiti, ami hy m„\\ ,( tho MiMa.-j-
11, ;t wl..,i\\r utti-iitivily luiilulci'. ilr N.i II, ry ihnni.U
keeping txaltu! loco* ol j lutun. State loiillaniy in\ia.
Ill onliT ti) lr.iJ hull a i.ili- liiiv, as thi k Men liij, w.h.c'
at tl.i' luiu- time tlut it was lo hoiumraL-li: lor iliur,lc!ii'
was iikewil't of Umrrat l'onUi|iieiKr to ."-ixuty, t!l^■y^J
plainly i'cf, tint noihiiin Lut luth a l-ranuMjl ,'>i.;rit r, t.ifc.
Ur,ii;unans ate liiil to luvc poiliilul, luuld li.w mabif,!
thi III to liavf gunr tliiounh lo tatimim(i a C'diiMi: 01 |,ii,i
wit;i .'^ati'.l.ii'lion to thuiiklvis, ami to the Benttit ul th:if
Louiitiyiiiin.

Ill * Woiil, ihi- AlMtctiifiit ot their rrkie, n 11 luallt'

I oiiii UilaiKf lot till III, 4^ toi|iiir Ins CuUiitiy, aiiJ tol,' »
that iSlon.ifih into I'trjia -, lur whi> !i he was lien,:, I » J
<lelj)ilnl by h;s Hrethicn', a^ a Kuicnaiic i anJ WiiiRn-
lun, iinlcU VM-ian inu^iiK-, il.u the M.inntr^ a:rl ,M«:.i

1 0*11 to s^iiiJi tluy iHlonmil, whrfv tlun: wa.s a 'Ihrtmi-
ot l.rtiny plaiiil lor the Suptrior, Itom wliinnlic ilvhvrr
c.i hiN laiiuus, ami thi^ w.tli huh on Air oi (jr.ivity, a*
nuilc to J.repan linpredlon on the Mimls ol Uu Au.atori,
4i that the) mvir |uliiiiu.l to lirak, or lo nioili ai to
rpit, liiirin^; the iinu ot his Dilurtiili'. It, thro' any .Vui-
li, nt, tluy liul either, they Wii- turnul out tl the Sthool
for tlut ViV, is rikle aiid mtiiiiperatc I'l ilbrn '.

To lay the 'Irath, the .Sudicti ol tin !'• ixiturti were
vi III ixaltt'l a Naiute, and wire ilchvcrcJ with fuch Se-
rioufneli aiul l>m my, that tluy naturally lomiiumlcil a
ruilt j>rulounil kivcrcme, eljHually Iron', liiiii .n troin
their temlcr Yeats wirt: hllcii with ihc iii^;lu(\ KrijK-it lor
tlitir Illl^rJ^tor^, and taught to loiueivi- jull Notions ot
the Confetjuencii of wlut was tliiu delivind t-) tlicm. In

thil'e I^Lli;re<, they inlilUd cliufly on the I'riniipln ol ,_ _,, ,

natural Uili^ion, the Immortality of the Soul, and the "'UlUtavc Ueii aitmdeil with an Atiatemcnt ot tlinr \;:.

Dutiis ot Men towaiil* each other, and to iluir Creator, '"e , ui whah wc luvc an l.xami tc int-/,a«/<j, wliu.btn;

Tluy cxpWihid the AdvaLt-iges that .ir<-lc tnun a Unci '"«e priv.iilai upon to m:.i .I.i x.inJtr ikr drcr, ,!ndij

Molality, and tiAjk I'auu to lluw, that a l.ile of 1 laid- lonviilc with the drdiuHu laiiic loon alitr tuLw iixtij

fhi| s, in which a NUii v>.ii (otitiiui.illy cx|><)liii to what

the World t'lought the grtaiell I'vils, ludias .Xbllintnce

from .Meat a;id Drink, a |.>er))etual SohtUile, .md the bear-

inj; the Intir.UK'ranicot the .Air, and the liu lenuiu y ol

the SealbfW, ^^a^, notwifiillanding, prclcrabli- to any other "' ^^' B> airman 1, at th,ir liinctiiually tne I'ronuli

Courie, inalinuvli as 1; led to the rolli- lion ol true Wil-

dom, the obtaining; a peiicct (.onitnaiv.l ovrr their I'af-

fions and the iMijoynitnt ol llialtli, toytlier with in

undiltuibed 1'c.u.e of Mind : Tluy hkcwilc fit Jorth the

IVrfeilii ns of the Supicme IJ< in^.-,, the \S ildoni .ukI (n^)il-

nels ot IVovuience, the adinira'ile Harmony of the L'ni-

vtrl'e, th'.- I'olitionot M,i;i m th- Srak- ot IJeinj^s, the ImuI

ol his Creation, the I)i(^nity ot his Nature, and the Means

ol fXiltingit loth- hii^Jutl Ue^rcc ot IVrtiCiion ".

It !5 a thiiit; wv'll known to thole who have ftudit-il
Mankind, tlut it is not fo much lor want ot I.iyhii, as for
want ol \S ill to follow thole l.i(.',his, tlut I'eoplc tall into
I'.angcrous Irrois, and groG \'iiis. Amon^ll the Hraih-
riuii> thi'. was rciiiiertd ainioft inipratticoll;- ; lor, beiiij^
obiii^ed daily, to attend fcveral liours to the wite Dil-

eourfes ot th-it Ciiief, their luvinj;; conlLintly Ulorc their 'j' i'"-' lattir, that re< oinmnided thrni fo the lurmrr; t-f
l-.yis fo m,uiy Ixamples of ri^id Virtue, and the Kr- the /«./.'j«i, in ilu ta'Iifll .Aj^es, werr- tliiongM/ p.r,i)*:i''
proaclus to whirh thry were expoled, if they, at any tinv-,
tailed 111 th'-ir Duty, kept them equally firm in their I'rin-
ciples and Tradue. Wc may add to thi', -, t!ic .Ain<)ition .it
fulLuninj; the Koi.k of their Call, wh.ih w.is the lirlt in
th.- Slate, and to wliuh t!ie hijihrll 1 Irjtiours weir paid by
tlrj People, inurt have loniributed not a little, to keep up
tlic.r Spirits aiid to encoiTai^;.- ihem in the I'uriuit of thole
StudiiS wh. !i were attc.idcJ v.idi fo higii a Riward.

2. As to their I-xereifts, tluy fpi.t a yieat I'art of the
Day and Night in l'r.iyfr, m finding 1 lyins to the IKity,
in making Vows lor tl.c I'rol'iicrity of ihur I'rince and
I'lop;-, and tor procuring the Blelling of 1 leaven \.\\m\ ail
their l.nileavouis. When ih.y were not thus occupied,
they retired to their CVlk, where they me.'.iiated on the
great 'I'uiths of Fhilof )phy, amufed thcmfelves with I',xpc -
fimcnt.s, or dilcouiled with fuch ol their i-'neiids as came

(litu.n and Inij urity, wre not liij ciiur to i!.iileol t'l. .\/.-
((.Umutis, who werv.- viiibly tin iiiuil ainb.tuin, ilu- .T.ji
iiniull, and thecTuellell IVople upon the 1 aiiiiiwlmihoi.^;;
tlr.y were to lord it over all oilier Nations, ami lu: iHe
N'litorlfs ot iluir I'liiues iscreti lerve no other tnd, \a
filling their I'lnkets, and p.ratifyiiif; tlirir I'lHion^ l'>,
iinhls wc can prefer lu. h a C oiuhicf, to the jieict-jh ,
nvKleft, and I'lUiet Behaviour <,t tlie l>i.ii.in.\ w,- nid a-
low his Hiethr' (i to li.ivc hern in the rin-'ir, ,inil G;.'«/iii/ u
the wrong: And coiittquently, we mull CDntil's ihitt.J
Apjxaranie ot I'ndc in the BrMlmiins was really mi tnorr,
than the Kellexion of too brij^ht a N'litne, whi'h vu'e;;;
l.yes are rot able to bi.ir.

I l hey wert .is viner.ilile in tiieir ]ui!''i.- ClurJ.if', «
iiiiblame.ible in tiieir pii\M'c Lives ; .iiid it was the !'-:"](

that Sanctity ot .Manm rs w.is ihr f^jlify in.jft r. ;]•.;.::: :i
I'rielh. 1 he lir.uinivi acted, every wiicre, t.'iMi^.v-:
the InJifu in this L'.ipaiity i U) that whenever Sic:;r*s
weti ma-.i- t'< the (iods, either to dqw at ■ tlv.ir Wrj'.i, .-
by way ot 1 liankli^iving lor tliiir favoui-, riu- l>i.:.L-r.['.;
conllantly oll\i itcd : It was on liich ( Vi-' wri :hi: !";?
nude loUmn Scrnicns to tiu.- I'eopl,-, in wi.i'h '--1
ul'ually ituulcaled thiec 'I'hiiig-. : I'lie full woj, Kcrrn.i
to the DiViia- Being, tioin w.'iuni they rec-iviiijll Hi 4'
wiio was alone capable of ('rantiiu; tl.ein ttluiti.cy *:-•<:-.
iUid of ileietuling thtni lioin what tluy le.irc:, iic! 'J
whom liny v.ere a..i..iiintable lor tiie 1'leih.y m-'.f ot w
B. niliis he Ixllowed ujion tluni. 11.^- l-ci/iid ^^■'^.*|
dunce to the laws, and a li-arty Comern tor tiir ^^i"*"
ot the Soi-iety. The tliiid legardcd the l.ovc ol 1j;>-''
aii>l the Ofihgation. they sv, re undtr to ia.iiiicetik.r J'".

' Sriait, W «v. Anit%. in Indnn. Plulanh n Altxamht. ^ ^j„:.,i,i m F.'>r,.i„, lii.u. C.'fr. Jit H'l i''"-" ■

PhiliUil l,h. i\\ ' itirait, lib \\ Arti.li lit Utlrii AftUiui. * I M..^n ,U Mutt P.-,.'^ri-u bit th: Ai..>« ''I '-

Sayli'i U.Cl.UJJf/. ' >XC tilC UiituutlJ Ulnciri ..'.^uUir Ukl PiiJtmn, tl llir Cl«l« ol U.i: j.a.j!..

•jrjw-

M;:

Cbp H.

of the East Indies.

4?'

.MriifuUf Jw' 1'1'i'if''''''' ' '»r' "" •'. '" '•'« rr«''"-fV'"B «'•'' «^nr l"W< r Worlil. Tlicy m.wlr u^ of fontr n.M Coinpa-

'l^^i„ol(iovi-tniwnt, iimltT wimliili. > liveJ, m it> lull rilonv or rath.r dI' J'jrihl.n, tlut wcr.-.i little (frm-ivl. to

Vi'.'iir, iiuir>!ir lo pnividf thcitby lor the Sciurity anU cxurrl. ih.ir N'otioiu ulx.ot I limm tlu( ilu n.t (oi)i.>|Hrly

V.cUr? "I ''>''" l'""""y '■ *•«" iJU'lir t'ltCogni/.aiuL ol tlic lium.iitllndcrlhiniliii;;, an.l

IVSuitii-M tlicy c.Hfrril, wrrc alil'.ilutcly pure, ami will, tfureiurc, ..pjK'.ir il.uU .iml <orfuU-il, tin' tiiMtcJ

(onli.tril flii'lly '" '""■"'"« J'Ki'iKc, ami other I'lriuimn, with the utii...aL,iii', Jiul hy Mai ol the moll ilillnvMiillieil

iiwiiili'i' ^'"'"' '. •""'• ^'"''' '''''''•■ ^^•^■'■'•" ''"f'""ti.. '►I'-y Abihti s. liil'uii.tdhii 'm-.' lUMrlyionc.maiMitnkmd,

ilrhvcrfil ii' '!"■ '""** |«fl"<i'-' 'Ifriin, u fulunn l'i.iytr in '
lio' ill th''N.tiiic ol thr l'io|ilc. 1 hey hkcwilc look

iliey \Mic exuliiit enounh. J hey taught, lor I'x.imnje,
that a^ the VVorkI hi<l i Bq;inpng, lb it IhouM hkr-
wilc huvc .11) I'.iul, and iliat liy Miv. They w.ie ul ()[)»
iiion, that all Col|l'tilt■^ jiroaiic'i'l wliatewr wai rf'iuilnr
lor iiukiiiy tlitir Iii.itntaiif. happy \ ,\\\A tliat n'aliifiiliirt
Men ou(;ln laihei to iDiitiac; iluir ApjKt:r."s, thai i!i y
mit^iit 1)1. coiituit Willi what Nature, in all I'latcs, lillnv-,
than aiiy,ni nt ihi li .onvmiiiicic'., to vshuh huniui Na-
line IS liilj, Cl, ly J.lirinii what i.> thi; I'rokluit .1 otli.r
l,aiiil», A» to .Spiritual Ikinti'., they tliv.leil t!».in iiitu
three ClalKi, Angels, Dxiiioiis, aiul M^n ; I la; litlt
tluy wen thought pi i hell) ^'/hkI, the l.itierablolut. ly lii.l.
the tiiinl capable ol lh;th •, ami tli relou', they liolpWit
Death, lx.iaulc th.y UeJi.illly bchevnt a Kij^:: lat.oii,
thehii;h(ll l)e|,;ui; ol whiJi iliey took to be tin: Hill
viraiKc ol ilie Spiiit lioiii the lioJy, and its AliiiMtion
With the AnmU .

riic Duitiine ot ihc Mtlnnpf)ihcfti tliey had in coin-
iiiiin with all the I .allern I'hilolopher.s i aiul tl e Mejii-
iiij? ot it leerns to havi Uui ;lu'> : liny coir'iwJ, that
whatever grew, or liad any 1- acuities, mull lie endowcil
with Spirit \ Iron) wiieiict thiy inteired, that I'uch IJodus

, , were the Cates ol Spirits, or rather I'tjlbiis, inwiiielitluy

i;;ir Ch.iuClcrs hid Wvn llained by their Negligence, or were lonlined till they purged or puriiied themlelve?, and
iv.ir Viies. It was, without iloubt, a very great I'owtr lo purthat'ed taeir own lieileiiiption. Upon tins Trm-

,11 then) t!ir Oiliiv ol .y«;,'«n, in whieh thiy dchvcrul

iclf* tolhe I'loplr, ai they prrr.nteil th ir Petitions to

1 •|»i'itvi but, it It li)lll <Hif, that a Man wa* thiue
r'lltakiii m hit Attempt* to pro; Inly, he was thcneelo' ■
■naiil lomlemnrd to perp tual Sil me i whu h f. eim lo liave
lull a V. ry wilf t'onfrivanee lor preventing ihel-aihnp;, ol
i.jnia.'.ir M"*" '""" brinping their Order into Diliepute.
\n»thfr 1 imition ot their Minillry eonlilUd in Alilutmns,
wh II tii'y waihrd the People in the Kivei Ciui^f^^ as a
1,'Mtiiit thiir king eh mled Iron) all Impurity, ilehvend
liuiii ih( Stain 111 Sin, and lendered ateepial le in the b.yes
(iidinl; Tlii< *•'■' an exterior Rite, liginlymg a genual
Ki'i'itmcc ot pal' Dllciaes, and a lii'me Kenovation ol'

r l^lire to tullil the Will of (jod in every rclpn'l,
.v.r'criblr to other lyinbilical Inllitutiom, wliieh wcretoiu
i;i nintlit Keligion ol tile llracbmMi ".

It was, hy this regular Dilehargc of. their Duty, on all
I d'lic Ol > alions and liy the Autterity ot tluir Lives, that
lb V m.iiiitiiiird their Int'.uenee over the Peopl , and lup-
uut.il that Dignity and I'retedenee which tin Laws h.al
ivuitti'in, and which they would very loon have loll, if

I It rhry enioyed •, and we lliould llaice civdit what the
Ahtunts have ilehwred iijion this Subjeil, if tiie Remains
ot that piolound Vmeration and Rclj)etl ilid not, in a
p.it imafurc, liilifill even at this Day. The HradimMi
arc Ihilirkiiowlcilgedlhe lirllLail among the InJiatii, are
V tconliilcrcii .istheir Piittlsand Prophets ; and, in Ihort,
t ,.- l';i'ro'^;Jtives of which they are now ptitreflld, are lo
many rational and convincing 'Lellimonies ot the Truth
I : what tliele old Writers liave delivered.

.;. s\\\.\xBrtuh»ia>ii were polVelled of all the .Science in
i.r\' Nation, and were, in a manner, the only Men ot
l,.,r;i.ng in it, they, lor the bitter and more elViClu.il
Ciiliivatwn ot Knowkdge, applied theiDlelves to ilill'erent
B:rclr« i that is .itter they h.id llrll tan through the

ciple they built iheir DoCliiiie of Abllinence from M. !h,
bicaute they tliou^i,lit that in all Animals Spirits were in-
cludevi 1 and that in lueh tliKCially, as were ullt.il and
lervieeable to Men, relided thole Spirits, that, though im-
puie, had yet I'linciples (jI (iood m them, the .'■O'.ils ot
a wurle kind btii);^ thrull into the Bodies of wild lJ.-..lh \
which, tlieietore, tluy pi rmitted to bi: eaten by Jiolo
who were not ot thcii Sect or LlaU : And tluy im.igined,
that III pioponioii as Men heightened or deprelUd tlmr
animal laculties in this Lite, they Ihimld hire in th' next;
that is to fay, luih a.s guatified their brutal Pallions, palled
into UcMlls V a.id fuch as cultivated the Viitues ot the

Mind, roll, by digiees, through the fcvcral C'lalTes of
Mankind, till, in the Lnd, they merited an iniirc Lrecdoni
al Dilciplme of their Schools ; lor it wa3 a Maxim of from IJudy, and were received into the Comp.iny ot Ai.-
t!-. ::, ural tliat not at .ill ill lounded, that the Sciences de- gels '.

pr,, cd iipcn c.n< h other ; and that, to be pirteCtly Mailer Sucli, as far as I am able to gather from the I.iglvts left
it re. It was nccellary that a Man fl)ould liave a Tindurc us by tli.- Antienfs, were the C)i)inion5 of the Bruthmans
ct :he nil. who tau|;ht PliiloK.phy. Another Sort of them there

Ihiy thick to one Sort of Knowledge. Some of the were, who bent their Studies pruuipally to the cuitivating

ot Policy, t:r the l«iws and L'onUitutions of their Country!
it w.is to thele that, in cntiial ConjuncUires, their Princes
addretVed thcmlelves lor their Advice, without wiach t]icy
Wire not at labeity to acb in dillicult Cales. At fiicli
limes the Monarch had not the Power of fending; tor I'uch
as he delired to toiiliilt, but w.is obliged to go to thi;
Crove where they relided, and where he was conllrained
to comply with their Ceremonies and Manner ot liviiitr,
by l.iying ahdeall Maiks of tuaiuUur, eating, as they did,
Ihrl's, Liuit .iiul Puis, and liileiang attentively to their
Dileourfes. Tluy did not permit luch Conveilaiions !o
latl aliove a Day and a Night, and the l.itter was gcii .lally
t!ie Time in whicii they gave liiih Audi', nces, llieie
were a third Sort, that applied thcml. Ives chieliy ro iM )•
rality ; in which tluy inltructed the People who c.-.me to
vilit them, .md to hi.ir tlkir Dilcourl'es '. It is highlv pro-
bable, that they palled thro' tliet'e Otlices in the .r.ii'ereni:
P< nods of their i ,ives •, lb tli.i: th.y were a.lvanced in
.Years bctore they arrived at the C,ipav.ity of teaching in
the School of Philofophy, .it the I le.id of which t!i.-re
was always the okkll and gr.ivcll Briuhnan ot th.- Cuim-
try : Hut this is what 1 gather Iruni comparing tlia Ac-
counts we have of iheiu, and is not politively laid by any
Aiitlior ; fo that, if the Rca.ler thii.ks it iinpr..b.ib:e, he
K aL l.ibertv to iij^CL it.

J. 'ihe ' il, ,ub.i:iiKS p,d"s their D.iys in t..;:ovcs, a: a

^'i-vi..,v;».i aiidided thcmlelves to I'hilolophy i and it was
bthtni tli.1t Sytlem was formed, whici) h.is Ixvn liiice
I.. ,ttn 111 tile World by the N.ime of the Indiitn or Pslia-
; ra.if, ai.ii whiihis, in Iruth, the Halis ot the new I'hilo-
1 ; l.y, and, tlureiore, deti rves to Ix; partu ularly confidered.
I l.cy th ai!;ht that there was One neiclVary felf-cxithnt
lleinp, troni whom all otlur Spirits were derived, and .ill
i:.f iMaticr of the Lniverfe created by I. is Will. Ihiy
re; relented this U(ing, as pervading the Whole, and sit
oca;i>ying no Span i .md, as they ufcribed the' bxilUme
0! tilt- 1 iiiverte to his Power, lb they aiknowkdgd ilu
fulirvatiun .mil Dirtclion thereot to K- the blVtCts ot liis
\''ild"m. Tluy li.id a viry ditlinil Idea ot the tblar
■''i.lttm 1 though the Writers that have mentioned their
"liii'jns have leprelented them very conlul'edly -, lb that
•II v.e (an 5;;ii|„ r trom them is, th.it they regarded the Uni-
^ '■•■■• .is .iSplme; of which, it is laid, ihey mule the
i"'li ii.it mire; but 1 lather think the Sun •, and tlut
t;nir (luiKing round his b'lgure, reprcfented the LlViCls ot
t.-.i- Mcitioii ot the Sun round its own .Axis. The Manner
I'l *liuh thiy fpoke on thefe Subjects, and the Ditrerence
»i tliir Upiiiions trom thole ot the (iieeks, occalioiied the
M.llaki.

lliiylkld, th.it Water w.s th. Principle of all Things,
•'■■|ii tlut the lU.ivins and the Siars were not coiiipoli.d ot
1 iMiciiial Matti r, that is, not ot the fame Matter with

'•■''' -UxukJ. iiimatu, Ub. iii. * Slrabi, Anian, PUlanh. <■ I'MUi. xt i . .l:.l' -j' d, ^U- dui hi <(.<"/.•.. hum.

iim:'

Vi:.

! •. I

M it <i

V»t

49Z The Difcovcry, Settlement, avd Commerce \xk\.

T-r

' ^1

( s.

iinall Pillance from lowns, wlu-n- tiny o.it nmi dqit un-
<ii.r il\c 1 nts upon tiK- (iroiimi. oiiIk in C.ivts. As to
their Drds Auti.ois diiKr v.ry NviJdy; It is M;riKr.illy
laiii, tha: tiny went iiakii!, aiv.l wire, honi tliniu-, callal
(JymnolopliitU 1 Imt this iiuia K- umkiilixKl cnly when
tluy wire at liome, ih.it is, in their (irovis : lor, when
they were einiiloyeti in their jmbli.- Iiiiidions, (hey wore
a 1 urlantDii ihenHiaiU, a I.incn li.irnirnt ontheir Uoilies,
whicli was caHcii the laercil Kobe ; hul a Stall" in th'ir
Ki-lt llanil, and a Kinj; upon oi.c lini;er. Some Au
tiiurs, inileei', f,)eak «i v.ry liitKivnt Chitliwii; : Uarodei
meiuions a Robe ul that kind o( Stone, wliiih may Ix;
1, un Muo an incomlnillibl-' Cloth •. y\/c.?,jy//r«rj .ifllrts
th-,t tiiur t.ar.nmts w:;e nude of the Harks ot Trees " ;
and, very pn bably, tiicii Cullums, in thisrclped, migh.t
vary in diiierer.t Aj;es.

Alter they had fpei.t thirty-fcvcn Years in thrir Mi-
niftiy, th'.y were ahowed to quit it, to hve the Kemainder
of their Days at lale i:i the 'lowris, drelVtd hke other
IVuplj \ iiuglit eat the Hclh of wild BeaUs, and take as
many \V ives .is they thout;!it fit, in order to piekrvc the
Kaee of the hi\:<hmii':i Kut it was an tiluuial Kule, to
fiKli as entered into the Matrunonul State, that they wire
n'»t to rive.il any oi tlie Seiuti of iheir rhilotophy m
their WiviS; aiiil this tor two Reafons : lirli, bteaviie
there was great Rialon to di ubt, whaher tluy would Ix'
liiKie. t eni.u.'.h to Cwi-.eeal what they were thns tau^iht :
.\\\k\, faiiiJ.h, It was no h fs vloubttd, if tluy IlioiiM,
wliether this Acceliion nt' Knowledge ir.i^;ht not ineline
tiuin to I'lide .uul DifjlK-diciice. This is certainly a very
j'lai.i and probai.le Account of the Marriages of the
Buuhnans •, and we dilcmi tlicrein tlic finie wife l-'rcrau-
tion, the lame Rti!,ard to tiie partiuilar Intereft ol tlas
Cad, a'»d the Mnu Ktiptct to the (uxkI ot th;' Whcle,
tliat IS fo niaMiilt m tiie I'lovilioiis tnadi- for all other
Ci. ills of I'eiipi.-, mviitiie ot the y»;.i;rf« Conftifatioir .
Noiwii!ill:n.i!r.g th. y t:..d c|ui!!e.i the Order, xs we may
call it, yit tluy Wiic ireatui \\\\\\ the utiroll Refp'.ct,
and cpjoycd ail the Frivikges annexed to tlieir Call, as
much as it tluy iu ' itiU n m.iiiird in their Ciieves, and
contniied too!i:ciatt as l^iclls. Th.-C is to (ay, they were
fxen'.jta! Ii (Ml all l'iitic.<^, iluywue jerniitied to r.ither
Herbs Fun! , ai.d I'uK, where-cver ihey th- ut;ht ht ;
and wae .iil.<Wv.d Oil, lor anointing their 15<xIicj, at the
public Kxjamc : 'liuy we;c hkewifc nude welcome at
the iabks ot ttie tifeat, where tivy g.ive their Advice,
and dif. ourll-d ireely, on public Air..irs : And it wascor.i-
ir.bniy eut ot ti.e .Ni.mb.r ot thcii married Ih^uhmam^
i;»it (he .^(n.itors ^ v.ire eholcn, \\\ wliom w,is v.lied lo
la!(;e aShaie ol the Admir.itlrat;on. Thus, inevirySt.i-
tion, they were atiuukd wiih Revircner, and toui'.d
tiieinieives particularly (.unfidcnd both by their Trine; s
and 1 ellow-ScbjeCts i whole Interdl:; as they prfctly
undctllo:ji!. It) tluy conlfantly putlued tliem \ and, by
inttrjxjlirg, when tiitir l'u:i<is w. te iiuhnt-.i to aibitraiy
Me.iii.ns, t!-.y iin.'tred the \ioia ion ot tiie Ijwb, and
litiirtd l!ic liap;.:ir.tfN ot tilt People.

I ins th.y p,ir..\l thurUays even to old A^e, without
any Danpr u\ k-mg nri;lce{i-il, or tiicctii;g\v,r!i Con-
tempt : 1 lie Liw Icciirid them trim thi-, a, an h.lbltual
Ttmp.rame o.id Ik.ju inoli Dile.iles •, ol wliiJi they wen-,
generally I'lakiig, 1„ niu.h aihaMiei', Irom an Ap;Te-
hnll. n, tiat they wi.uld W looked upon, clj>c(ialiy if of
a lonj', ContMui.mLe, as the I- tu. Is ot b.xcril, tli.it th:y,
geiKi-.Jy Iprakmti, chile lo >;ic rather th..ji Uar them.
Wh.n the livjnvei-.ienees of oKI Age l:Mgan to weit;!i
t'v.m do An, they had ctit.ainly rciouric to this vidtiu
Kcmetly ■, a;■.l^ havin-.r oidired a File ot \N ood to be
ereitcd in l-.m- publie I'k.ee, thty akended it, drcird i:i
tli'tr Itelt Ap;.ar. 1, aiui with wliatrvcr Ori.amerts they
\nA\. lln:. 1 :;ete they ll.n;; rert.uri I lynins, letting forth
the \ .iiuiy ol luim.m l.it>-, whcnin Men air.ute themlVlves
Wit!) Dre.iins and Shadows, exepf the lew wljo are m^nd-
tul .-t that h.-.ivn!y Cotuury, which their .SouK arr to in-
hilKti .in.i tiie.'i laid till mlelv.s ,'own u-xin thtir lacis, and

as a

Gro.in, till they were confimal to Afius • Icavir.
l-.xampleof their Death to inlpire iLui e\nimiy„K,,\';!
Coiira-c to.uihiiv Ih.uiily to the I'liiicipks \Nl,.cinh"
had taught them, in Ipite ol any d.^dscr Mhlum
that they miglu miet with. Ihi^s livjiig at.it dvinu tit.'
were always ukful to Si.ciay ; .and, .is timr biiuiHif /
g;in even before their I'.ntratKe into l,ile, lo u n\M '\
with their lad 15re..th ; tor they wia- uui.t toaiiipTav
Weakiuls .md Iniiimities of old Ago to iLc nu'i'.
SeniVs <Ya ChiM wh.k' in tiie Wou'b, and tlu'lruait
themlelvis to their burg bioiight toith a lia.nd ti-^
to a new I ile, (liling tiiat Action their Kcg(ntr,mon.

6. We are now to Iptak of the lnoiul J>ortoi fimi.
mayii, or of flu h ;is b. lame I.) I,y l.liction, and »i»
were taken Irom diUlrent CLiks, Uing lutli as dc'tfi
to K- admitted into the Order: 1 „r, as the 'tifiM^i
protellVd th.eiiiklves l.ovcrs of W'l^ioni, tlicy ia,-,w
it nri:!ur jull nor naloiuble toixikide thole wliu v-
delirous ot attaiiung, by voluntaiy Appln.,ition, *«
tlicy, by a regular lidutaiion, had aequircii. ih.ic|
as Ah^,,jlh(nfs n[)orts, w.re called t,V)w,wav j tv
tli'.y are Itiicd .'tsrnmiu.vts by Omens .l.miw.K;'.
The Man.-.er in wi.iai tluy were .ivimittul was t:,i5;
Ihey wmt to the Mau'Uir..t-.s ol the City to wiiitht.'i.y
Inlungid, and, in ti.c litfl place, made a cLv :.-,a
diihnct Difiosery of all their l.ticas, whicii t.'-.jy c.a-
vcral iij) to them for tiit Maintenance cf timr Wiv;),
in cal'e thiy Iiail any i and, it th-.y had Chi;ilr;n, i-y
Were taken cue ot by i\w King. At.er t!.;s Stouy
prekntu! tliemlilves to the I'erloii w!io w.is at thi; iiuj
ft this lio-.y ol S.u;i s and ddire.1 to L'j aJm.tui
amongll thi in: I'poii whiih tiiey wc:e llricdy t.^xurri,
as to the Sinceriiy and Steaiimcrs of their Kciuii.tic,
ar.d the Didre they h:ui to pals the KiiiUiiiJir ut :.".i-
D.!ys m ilic Study and Practice ot I'hiloluphy. An ir.-
quiry was Kext m.ide into tiie Ikh.iviuur ot ttiiir ^.k-
flor«, in wh.v h they alien led as high as tiuir gr:i;
(irandl.uhtrs i and if they found, tiiat any, within i..ric
three Degrees, were jullly clurgeablc witii Vncx, IiiI-.t-
perance, or CovetouHuli., kiih a Caiulid.uc »ii ;;•
jcrtcd. i liut it r.i;:l.i.':'.j ot ih;s k)rt api)earit', t;, :; -i
Itrk't an Inquiiy w.i:> lu.u'.e into his own Lu- a::u U>
ai;d it iu had a goo-d .\Iunury, had k;;:

rcma.ncd tiitre

ii.i. an., iju.et, w.tlioiit ij inuc;i

veilati Jii , _ _ ^ _.^,

vay. ruiuikalk' for .Modilly, for a peaceabk ansih.,:.-
I .L !ki:a\ lour thnjiighout his wliolc l,;le, a;iil iii-l i;ir
given any Marks of a proud, revengttul, ur iuxu-..!
Dilikifltii n, he was adii.itted \

1 lule liilfered Iron) the Uriiilmans in thi';, T.^it t.'.ry
inhabited iiu.ll of them btween the Rivers /nfe.y.. -i
Caiigii \ where they had ! bjuks.md Temples nut on!)' r.ci
and coiivenunt, but alto handfumely adorm J, at t.Hc K,r. i
l.xpince. At a lertaiii Hour they were eaikd to [t:
'I'empk, by the .Sound of a lieli, where tluy iii.iirJK
public l'r.,yers i and fioin wlunce tlvy wac lu; i-
lowed to Ihr tid the It 11 ii.ng ag in, to iiiturm t;it:'\
that tiu: Servile was oxir lor tiiai Day. 1 lie Kri;'i
Officrs thrn gave each of tin m a i''jrringcr ol 'M~-i.
Rice, or k)me loit ot Food wIikIi Wo^'icquivalthti .n-ir.:-
they eat before they feparated. The J l-bits tiu) « "
were ir.ule of the Bark of 1 rec5, or ot loarie Utwi.i
thiy p.iird all tluir Day. in the IliiCtefl Clulhty, -A
niver di„nk .i;iy flioiig l.iquur wh.itiver. .'\s tluy i;a-
died the Diviiuiy, J'l.iiofopiiy, and Policy, ot :h'-- i'''-'--
miuis, tliiy attained, in tune, to a ('.icat Ucgri. ':
WiMom, and were conluitid by their King:, »il':-
lided with equal 1 loi.our at the S.icrifiies that wcic »«
by the People. In a Word, it appars th.it thiy ».Te
recMVcd into a lull Part.up.uioa ot ail t.hur hmltg:,
i.\c ;t thi' ot iju.itmg the Order, and nt Mair.irgi
whidi thcie w.'.i tae lets Real'on they Ihuuld enoy, lir*f,
ot their <;wn Aciord, the, hid quitted iliat ."'tatc ..Irf.'-v.
It W.IS ot this kind of BruihrndHi that mult ot thcbtir.'s
wire told, thai we lind ncuidui m tlie lale ot ••?'•
Lntui ; tor, ii.nead of cultivatin,", the hii'.h and ito
.Scieiiees, they aiiuifed tiieinklvis ihiefty m
naanal S.;Lret. ■, v;.,i..h Suenee, iii thole Uays

«aj!kt-

.(«. A». ,'.,, .J,. 4. ,li,.,i,.,:,a,ui .. /"..■,..',d,. Iii.u.

' .If til Siiai. uh luf a « I /.«« .rf.<. ,.<//«>. Strn.-utl-i, n' <•

chap. ir.

of the East Indies.

49J

., .. , '[-iijy were I'lkcwin- a kind of itinct,iiit Pliyficiaris, this Drram was, undoulitedly, no more tlian an Artifice,
. 1 toi)l< a I'l'^ii- '■''^^'''' "* ^'"'^'"^ ^^ "^'"''^^ tliemfeivcs liic- ant! Alexander received tiis Intormation tr(jm foinc llrach'

iiinary :nul ridiculous.

ever, was a wcll-cliofen Strola- of Policy, btcaulL- it iiiti-

"hc Reader, after perufing thcfc Accounts, will lie able mated, that Alexander was particularly favoured by tiiu
vilblvc, widuHit much Trouble, moll of thoti: Dilfi- Ciods ; wiiich was an Opinion he alv/ays laboured to efta-

:[n« wiiicii fomc moilern Critics ^ have rejirelented as
'i' xilicai'le. For Indancc, when lie is told that one Au-
t'lor l'i\s that the Braclmans live always in Woods and
anothir tiwt tlicy were frequently fcen at Courts, and ad-
mitti^i into the Caliincts ot Princes •, inllead of taking this
lor a Pat Contradiction, lie will perceive, that tlu- tornur
I'l d'lss uf di; Brachvians tliat were ftill p.urUiin[', their Stu-
Jiis ■ and the latter, of fuch as had compkted tiieirCourle ;
'h! 'accorJ.ingto the Rules of the Society, iiidl.ilKMty to
[C'lre t" nVO' ^" ''^''^ '" Cities, and tobc chofen Senators,
lie will likewife be able to account ti^r the feeniing DifTer-
fcc 111 tween living togeth.cr in a kind of collrgiate State,

Willi, efpeci.illy among his own People : For, as to the In-
dian!, it can hardly be fuppofcd, that the Tale of the Dream
would go down with them, becaufe they knew the Remedy
before, and could therefore account for tlic Difcovery of ic
to the King, without the Interpoliuon of any Divinity.

8. As the Brachnuiiis were, in reality, a very extraor-
dinary People, and had aniongft: them foinc Very ftrange
Cuftoms, it was n.itural enough for Authors, who delighc
in relating Wonders, to give us fome very improbable
Stories about them. It appears from a Pafliige in Strabo,
that they inured themfelves to Fatigue ; for he fpeaks of
^ ^ ^, . i'^o Brachmatts, one of whom gave a Proof of Patience,

iiiJ rlimbling through "the Country like a kind of Doctors i by lying on the hard Ground, and there fufiering what-
bvuile theTurmer mull b.- underllood of the Bnu/mans ever the Sun and the Rain pleafed. The other, who was
Iv,- n.fcent, and the latter of their AfTociates, who, at not lb far advanced in Ye.irs, exhibited his Proofs, by
t'i' ir own Kcciuell, were admitted to the Purfult of fuch Handing a whole Day, fometitnes on the Right Foot, fome-
Sui.'.i.s- In •' Wonl, it is in this as in mod other Things, times on the Left, while, with both his Hands, he bore up
a lullv Collection of the various Accounts, given by dilier- a large Piece of Wood in the Air '.
ft .Vuthor.s thrown together without Order or Method, All this is v>iy credible; and the Greek Writers tells us
kvcs no other Purpofe than giving us confufed and in- fomething of the fame Kind, with regard to their greac
dillmifl Notions •, whereas when we take the Pains to range Philofopher Socrates -, but VUny carries thefe Exerciles of
Thi.i"5 methodically, and under their projicr Heads, this Patience beyond all Bounds, when he lays, that the Bracb-
OMcurity is difpcUed, and we fee the whole Matter in a "w«-f gazed upon the Sun with fixed and lledfafl Eyes,
c'tx ami true Light. f''<J"^ his Rifing to his Setting; and that they fomctimes

-. 'Flie Acount we have o^ Alexander's attacking and Itood whole Days upon one Foot, in the midlt of burning
ddiroying a Kingdom of the Brachmans, is very extraor- Sands \ Yet Solmii: advances this a Stej) farther ; and for
ciiruiry : And, from the Lights aftbrded us from Hiilory, f'^^r it fliould be thought, that they did all this to no Pur-
r.otcifily to be accounted fo.% fincc we are no- where told, pof<^. he is fo kind as to alTure us, that they difcovercd
tlij; til'.]'' Philofophers affe(5lcd Government, or ikfired to mighty Scents by thus furveying the Sun *.
nuke thcnilclves Princes. It is likewifc related, that We have already given an Account of the Marriages of
d'.ixmUr put to Death near tburfcorc tlioufand of thefe the Braclmans, anti have allig'ied the tiue Reafon why
I'cople; which c.mnot, certainly, be underllood of the their Caft was lefs numerous than the reft, notwithllaiuijng
Bradiisr,!, taken in a ftrivfl Senle '. And therefore I am
a;-t to think, that in this Country, upon the Death of fome
hiTcdit.iry I'riiice, without IlTue, a Brachur.K, who, per-
i;a;s, w.is a Senator, fuccceded him in his Throne by F.lcc-
t;on ; .'\nd in that Cafe, it is n.itur.d to believe, there might
Iv a more than ordiinary Number ot his Call refiJent in his
Dominions. It is true, that Diodcrus the Sicilian, and
iiuny other of the Writers of Antiquity, called the Sub-
i;cis of King .>rt«;i;« exprcfsly the Brachman Nation; but

that the Indian Women are generally very,proliiie. Buc
Sutdas hath a very extraordinary Story un(,n this Sulijeift ^ :
He fays, that the Brachmans C.yivW m an lOand in th.;
Ocean, where the Air is fo pure, that they lived one Iiur-
dreil .aiul fifty Years; th;y are obliged to be contented
there, not with Bread and Water, but with Water, and ,a
few .Apples : They do nothing but pray to God. In the
Months of July and Augiijl, the Fruits bjing more plenti-
ful, warm them with the lire of Love ; fo that they go to
ai t!-.e Aa-ount that we have given, the Reader will be fuid out their Wives beyond the Ganges, and Hay with tlieni

able toilcliver himfeltiV():;uhis Difficulty, from his Know-
kdj^e, that the Braclmans are not a Nation by thjmfel .\s,
Ivjt aC'lal's or Call in every Nation ; tho' it was very na-
t.iril tor a Greek Writer, when he heard of a Bracimcn

forty Days, and then repals into their IHand. So loon as

a Woman hath brought lorth two Children, her Husbai d

goes to fee her no more : She, on her lide, comes not:

nearany Man more; and if any \N'oman has been barren tor

I'rmcc, and a Senate of Brachmans, to conclude that five Years together, her 1 Iu-b.u;d makes no firtherTri.il

th:s was their Kingdom : Bur there h no Reafon, that we of her, and reiialies the Sea no more with the others. 1 Ins

ihoiikl be milk'd by his Miilake, eljiecially when it can be

10 i-alily aeeounted tor, and plainly let to Ri^'jus, liy the

Dihnction we have propofeil.

.\« it is my Hulinefs to give the lieader all t!ie Informa-
tion I cin, I will t.ike this Opportunity of inferting and

txplainini; another Pad'age in the I lillory of A.'exan.ier the

iiieat, wluili hap[iened at the time that he d( llroyed tlie

Kini^dom ot this Braclmitn Prince Satnius. It happened,

t.'iat at the Siege of Harmatclia, which w.is the princip.il

Cty (jl t!i,i; Kingdom, the Inhabitants wounded many of

ih.; Miticimans with i)oiloned Arrows ; amongll the rell

I'tumy I.agus, aftcrw.irds King of £^v/).'; for wholt; Mis-

.'cirtiine .-licxander was exceedingly concerned, beeauft all

>vho h.ui been hitherto wounded, dieii, in fpite of all the

(-arc that euuld be taken of them : Hut the I .lie ot Ptolemy

wisuved by the King's having a Duaui, in which he w.is

i:ilurmed, that a cert.iia 1 Ierl>.., comiiiini in the Countiy,

would cure tiiis Poiloa ; which it did cliedu.illy '. Now

was not the \\ ay to Hock the Country greatly ; nor was
it very po[u'!oiis, MSitidas obferves : But he Ihould not liave
forgotten to acqu.iint us, that tl- Me are Stories made at
Pleafure, and Romances, winch idle Scrbibkrs have forged.
But, notwitlill.inding .ill thef' F.ibles that dishgured the;r
Hiltory, V.C find, in all Ages, tlie moll ii.tilhgent .md po-
lite Writers extremely favourable to thelc; Sages ; and
Apuleius', who w.is lioth an elegant and can i'.! V\ liter,
has left us fuch a Charaeter of thefe Men, as extrcimly
deferves our Notice ; and therefore I (li.dl tinifh ir-y Citations
with his judicious Account oi' our Philollipliers • ' There
' is altl), lays he, among the Indians, a noble fort ot Men
' calleil GymnoJopbij}s. 1 ha'.c a very great Value fortliLjn,
' becaule "^they are Ikilful Men, not, indeed, in l.iVMig tl.c
' Vine, nor in gr.ifcing a Tree, nor in tilling the Ground.
' They do not know how to cultiv.ite a Piece of Land, or
' to iiielt Gold, or to break a Hoife, or to tame a Bull, or
' to Ihear a Sheep oratioat, or to le.id them to the Failure.

' (jnf^rafh /,/•. XT. f. 4)1. where lie I'.iy., tli.it by tl.iM Medicines tliry lould iii.iki' a I'.iIimi 1
<'i:l». M iiK) dioli: thcinlcUci. " .Sec ilit Ariielf ol (yrnvs u,'>-i.'li, iii H.nli'i J)iiflioi:jr>

l.'!ii!i!rcn

i .ini! tliofe culicr l!oy<
Si. I//, hi. xvii. Sinil:

N e ;,i u

'' iti ■13^1 M-*/
3'

' In Fi.i uiii.

« ;liuij, tii .w.

' i'l'in. Sill. ;ii_l. iih. VII. <■ i.

What

ifflli

■ H

71)c Dill-ovcry, Settlement, and Commerce %^:^

.i'vl

r 's-

■I

» . 1 '

4S4

' \\li.« is it th.n? InlK.Kl of all tliis liny know one
' tiling: Botli the nwlb aiuicnt M.ilUrv, ami tin; y<>iini;dl
' Sil.o.ars, ihu'.y WilUoin-, nor is tiitrc any tllln^ tin'

• wiikii 1 Kininun.l tlicm n-.oif than lor tlicir Avciiiori to
« In.ioK-ncca.ui Slotli. Whtn tlu- Cloth is laul, bjU.n-
' the M.,atis l)ioii{;ht i\yoi\ the I'able, ail t!ie Yoiithiaic
' lailc.l togctiia Ironi fivcral I'laces am! Otliies ; Init tlu-y

• are pot lulV.rcil to lit ilown, till thiy luvc anlwiieil the

• MilUrv, ,vlM.\<k thcni. What CukkI they have done, liiHo

• Brtakot Day till Dinntr-timc? Uni: will anlwe^ thai having

• Ix-vnelioleii Arbiter between two Terfons at Variance, he has

• removed allSubiias ot I l.uivU .ind Surpicions b;-twren

• them, and recor.eiled theni together. Another will lav,
» That he du-yrd his rarents Commanvls. A tiiird, I'hat
» he toimd out ibmc Truth by his own Mcdiiation, or
' learnt it honi anotiur. Thus they all give an Account
' ol the (.ood ilvy luvc done. He who hasnot'iing to
' Ihy why he lliould be admitted tc Fable, is lent back to
' hii Work without hi'* Dinner.'

(). I think it luctflary to take fome Notice lure ot
wliat has bv'en laui by the Moslems u\<on th s .Sub;ect j
more elix'Cially by iuch as mi'^lit nthcr be luii[)oled belter
ludges frtjm tlirir 1 .taming, or better qualititd to toinc at
tiic I ruth, liv ihtir having travelled in the Indies, and txinj;
;K\]i!ai:itcd With thole ot this Sort ot .Sages that Ibll lemaiii
tlurc. A le.iincd I'rciib Wiiter obferves ', tl!.itl)r.
/hJf, in his moll learned Book on the Religion of the
J'\rjtans, has advanced a new Notion, m iupjHjiing, that
the Hiiiii"'i.:ns were lb tailed trom .Srahaiii : But he i.s
tinlbiktn m V.m ; lor, though Dr. Ihde im lines to this
Dpinion, yet he did not ailvancc it, (ince it hail Ixeii long
btforc maiiuaiiud by If^illiam Pcjldl, who allerts, that
the Bra,hiij::i were defrcnded from one of the Sons ol
tli.it I'atnarch by Keiurab ". I agree, howevir, with this
Critic, that the Notion is improbable ; and that it is nnicli
in.-rc hkily tl.ey were fo called from the Word B>,v»^ or
Jir.ima, vk'iiich lij^nifies an enlightened Man, .uui li alio the
N.inie of the re('Uted Founder ot iluir ScCf .

Their fun '.amcntal Notions rim.un lb much the f.ime,
tliat It Ls really wonderful they have not, in the Coiirlc oJ

III nuny Ages, received greater Alteration, elJKually con-
fi.ierini; the Revolutions that h.'.ve hap|>cned in thiir
tountiy, andth.it they have b-.m now, tor many Ccn-
tuiii s, under a lortign Y'oke •, tor the \lo^ul is a lartar
by Dtfc.r.t, and a Mcta>!.mf,!.iii by Religion i and yet ir
is with the induus wlio are his Suhjeits, that we are btlf
Uv-quaintai. irancis Xmier, whom tlic i'apills Ible the
.\jKi!;!e of the Iiidtc, fays in one of lus Lttteis, that,
Iiaviiij; afquTcd the Iriendfhipof a Bracbtuan, viry imi-

IV nt lor hii Knowleilge and L-eaming, he opened LmiIi ll to
hill in t!ie tollowing I'er.Tib: ' 1 hi. Secret ot our Keiigmn
' c jiuUfs 111 tiiell two i'oints \ lirlf, m knowing that tlu-re
' 15 one Ijoti, the Creator of 1 leaven and 1 aitii, and the
' .Author of all GockI, who alone is to ix.- woi fliipptd ;
' Hie lecond is, that tfic Idols are the Imagts on, ..''
» evil (ienii : But Care p. ..(I lie taken not to uiv'.;Igc tu ,
' t ) thv- I'cople 1 It is a Dcx^tiiiie quite out of thtir Kca li •,
' and the l'iinii,iks ot gotxl I'oluy iiquire, tiut thry
' 111 al.l nnt be m.idc acquaintai with any Divinity, llule
' Were tile I'rinui'k sol ovir (jk! I'liiloli-phy , I'rofecute your

• Siudus, and puiluc 'I ruth i but, il you lb(<uki be lo

• liaj'j'y ks to reach ir, comnuiiiicatr yout Difcoveries only

• to '' w. 1 l.c Many aic tobe held with a tii'.ht Rem,
' am. 'be kej-t ill tliici Subiiition 1 whuli tai.not i>ol-
' fibly . r iloiK, :f (hi y are not hmdeicd from lieiiig to the
' Hoitvjiii <'t 'I'hings an.i thcif Imaginations flattered with

• plcaiii^g Apiiearamcs.*

Our (,kl, and our modern Travellers, agree very well,
iii their Accounts ol the modern Hramuts, with what I
have beioredi-livered : The celebrated Sigr.or Pu-lro dtU»
I .ill:, a luibtc Rcni.in, a learned and eaiu'.id \Vi:rcr, aiul
wliuie 1 ravels are jillly ilbcined a', aci urate as a.iy tnat
V. n- c\i r ni.u!e I'Uu tius I'ait ot the World, t. IK u'^, that
tl.'uigh lilt Stcls ol the Jtuiuni are multiplied tu eiglity-
li'.ir, yet tlity may be redu((d to four j irz. the hnub-
m.i'i., the Soldieis, the Mrrduiits anJ the NKchaim...

In the efi.iti.d Points (,l Reli-ion, lays b, ,i|i a„ ,
all b'luve the l"ian!:i,i^;i-,.iion i.l Soii^s -, \sln|, ^ . ',
to their Mriit.s anil Deu.crit.s thiy thii k, areln.t w"^
iiuu other Bodies .iiherof Animal ■■ ',.''*"«

nuif orl

dwr.

and ot more or icis paiimii i.iie ; or t !;• ol Men m '
leli noble and liai.dlonv, and more or l\\ pur' ^ '»''*'
wh( rein thry place not a iitdi ot I heir v ' ■"'"

'■■"il^". their,.

le iioretn.„-,otha-,.,cc:ordi,;pas,L
ulKirCullo,,,s:AlKuual|j.Wr^

lit- 111 I I. iv, n ..,,.1. /• ■ ' . 1

W!li

' - 'a"' ''^liUUl'ilKir

accounting all other N.itioir. an>i Utligio;;,, i,„|- ' '
lelves,uncLan •, and fome moret'
nviic or I Is dilfer li oin

that there is a Faradllc inil.uvtn with Citxi be" ■■
thereinto go only the Souls of their own N,,:ii,n V"'
pure, and without any Sin, who iiave lived pi'unvinti''
Worf. i or, in cale they have liiined, that alter' iW
Tr.inrmigr.itions into various Bcxlus of An:iii.i\ a'ni'\l '
having, by often returning into the World, uiulerf-orcnunv
I'ains, the-y arc, at hngth, purged, .ind at lalf e!ic intivSol
of Ibme Man of Indian and i obic Kjcc, a.s tin- liraAr.'J,
wiio amongll them are hikl the nobldl am! purell bcrf'
tiieir b.mpk)ymeiit i. nothing elle lut the divine Worih-
the Service of rcmples, ami L.r,.rning ; and they ,hi^
their (;wn Religion with more Rigour than any others'
lie hkewilc lays they acknowledge there is a Devil
hi 'in they dellrilK much in the fame n-,annert;:.i! weJo'
■\ii>i they likewUe think, that many wretdicj S;.e!s" y,.
worthy ever to have Pardon Ironi d'o.!, as t!ic la!lu-i--
great I'unilliments which they liderve, become Deil
allii ; than which they ;utlg<- th'reeannot lie agrcat;r.\!t
lery. The greatell Siii in the Worlil thry account liicoii-
ot Blood, eliKcially that ot Men ; anu then, ahove ,ii;, -iv
eating ot human l-jelb, as lijine barlurnus Nations lio/wii
are tlienfore detrlleel by them more than all otiiers. Ikicc
the Ibicieil .imong tin m, a. tie Ihadmr.n', anJ p;rt:..;.
Lirly the lioti, not only kill not, but eat not, any l.v,: ■
thing; and even from Herbs tinctured with any rcLiih
Colour, repnfenting Blood, tluy wholly ablhin. Oii.iri
of a larger Conliieiue cat only l-illi j aiul the lowell.v:;,
and lucli as luvc liarce any Conlcimce at all, tho' tr.cy
will not kill, wiil ncvetthelel', c.it ali Ions ot Ann'..;!: .-^^
te r lexil.exci jit Cows i to kill .iiid cat wtmh, they h.ivc
.in .ibrolute Abhorrence ; tor t!i( y lav, that the Cow is ir.u
Mother, on account of the Milk llie gives tlum, ano.the
0\cn Ihc breeds, with which they plough, and m.;kf L:i:
of tlu •',, liotn the Sean ity of otiur Animals, upoiiaiir. ft
all Occafions ; lo that they think they have Rcakn tu ;a;
the World is lupjxjrted by a Cow, whuli, truni te;
uleil as a Proverb, is now lonverteel into a lall;-. Mo:.-
over, as Cows are well k( pt in hiM,i, and much taLn
Care ot, thi y Ix lieve that the litll Souls, to whom d' ,1
has given little P.iin in this Work!, pali. into them ; w!.:„i
is a new Motive ot Vcpftration.

The liiine Author inform.s us, that the Race of thcC.'i--
manuins are Ifill in B.ing, tho' iimler another Naite. 1
lliallgive the Reader tlie Author's own Woreis, an! civt
him to judge of tiiem ■'. ' The Gicvljis, fays he, are r. t
' liruilmamhy Dekent, but by Choice, as our;.!:«os
' ()ul< rs are. Tluy go naked; moll of t:uni witii tlif;r
' Bodies painteil and lincared with ilitt'ereni Co! urs ; let
' li.r.ie ot thein arc only naked, with tl'.e rtlt ol their tL-
' ilus fmooth, ami only thi ir l-orehe.ids tiyed witii Sj-
' ders, and Ibmc red, yellow, or white Colour; wIwIks
' alii) imitated by many lecular Peifons, out ot Sii|ier',-

* tiuii ami Cia|!antry. They live upon Alms iklj li.s;
' Cloaths, and all other worldly 'Itiings, Tli.y inariy
' m>t, but mike Icvtre Proteliion ot t h.ility, at lealhn
' Appearance; lor in lecret it is known, that n.any ot theni
' lommit as ir.any Uebauelicries as they can. 'Iluyli^c
' in.SiMicty, under tlic CHxdience of their Superiors, ard
' waiidir about the WtrkI, without havie.g any kttl d
' Abode. 1 heir Habitations arc tfie Fields, the i^t.'«!S
' tile Porclics, the C ourts ol IVmples ane! Grove", cljx-
' tially under thole where an; Idol is worfliipped hytli'i";
' ajid tlicy undergo, with ii.,rcdiblc Patience, Day ard
' Niglir, no lels tiic Rigour ot the Air, than the i.ve;-
' live- Heat of the Sun, which, m ihefe luliiy Co.mia^

* IS a ilung luihiiciitly tu Lc adtiured '.'

* /• '. .KKt I., J .ij "J, iiah.

• Cmf

* Cap X»ii.

■Vo,.';

,^ij

Chap. n.

of the East I n d i k a.

4^7

In till-" Accounts tliat lias been piibliflicd of Sir Thc-
( A'tf/s Voyage to the Indies, \\\\.i\\ was drawn up liy
lisCliapljiiii ^^'^ have the original Rule tlehvcrcil to th;-
lidiMS by Brama, in relation to fparinij; the I,ives of
Ani'iuls : It runs tluis ; ' Tlou Jljalt not kill am liiing
' Ouwe, ivhatfoe'jcr n be, having I.i/e in the fame -,
' (r ibou art a Creature, and fo is it ; thou art indeed with
i Ift; and Jo is it ; thou jhtilt ml therefore fpill the Life
' (fiiny (ftly fellow Creatures that live. Other Precepts,

• t!i y lav, were lichvercd unto t!.;'m by tlieir Law-yivtr,
' iout tiuir Dcvofons in their \\a(>iini^s and Worlhip-
» in, .5 ■ v.iicrcin they are commanded to obftrve Times tor
' Kahn", and Hours fur Watching;, t'.at they may he the
' h'ttirliitid for them. Other Diredions they have about
' t/'.r fiftivals; wherein they art required to take their
' loo'. mcvJeiately, not pampering their Bodies. Con-
' cf:ainn C harity, thty are fartiicr lommanded to lielp tlie
' l'our,°as lar as th( y arc polT.bly able. Other I'ret epis
' th>"y fay were likewife given them in Charge, as. Not to
. j.-ii ffllje -tale!, nor to utter any Thing that is untrue ;
1 ,.f; to jlial any thing from otken, le it never jo little ;
' «;.' to Jffrnud liny by their Cunning in Bargains or Con-
' trn^i -, not to cj-prefs any, when tiny have Pou-er to do it.
Tiw V.'rlter farther ml'oiins us, tlut t()me of tlie Dramins
lud toI;i him, ' Thi y acknowledged one God, whom they
' tIduiLfd with a tliouliind Kyes, with a thoufand Hand ,,
' a;.d as many Feet •, that thereby they may exprrfs Ins
' Power, as being all Eye to fee, and all boot to toilow,
' and all Hand to fmite OfTenders. The Confideration
' wliirrof makes that People very cxafl in the IVrtormar.te
' uf ail moral Ptities, following tlofe the Liglit of
' Xituf: in tlieir Dealinj^'; with Men ; moft tarefuliy ob-
' lirvinp; that royal Law, in doing nothing to others, but

• v.lutthey would be well contented to fuller trom others.'
'liure IS a very luiious Piece, nl.iting to this Subjcd,

that has ki n preli rveil by the Royal >Si,eiety, written by
l\'. jcbn Miijhi'l, who lived long in the Indies, an.l had
t.ikui a gnat ileal of Pains to make himle.f perfectly a^-
quaimtd with the Notions of the mcKlern Braiiiins \ ani.1
what he fays is lo condulive, that the Keatlcr niuft be
f.!;,^i'.ed, tliat what the Antirnts have delivered to us con-
cerning the Re''';ion and Philofophy ot the Ernihntaiis,
"wjs Ibictiy true'. Upon what Cjroum!, fays he, Ibme
" Travelleibliave filled thcle People Polyiheifts, or AtheilLs,
" I Cannot tell. It i:^ veiy olfeivable here, that their Pri.l's
"crBrMiins, and holy Men, whom they call y^i^fc', or
'• Gis^hu, when they haveOctafion to write any thing, they
" always put a Hgure of One in the Hrit Plate, to Ihew, a
" they f.iy, they ackiiowkdge but One God, who, they
" l".iy, IS hurme, that is, immaterial. When they preach to
" tilt Peoplf, and inftrud them, which is commonly cvety
" Fcaft-iia} , Full Moon, or the time of an Eclipfe of either
'• I.uiiiinaty, they tell the common People miich of God,
'■ikavm and Fleli, but veiy impcrfedly, obfcurely and
" ir.yftirally : They fay, that when God thought of making
" t!ic \V(jiiil, he made it in a Minute. They account this
" WoiM the hody ot (iod : For all that, they fay he is im-
" mattrl.il , aiul l.iy, that the higheft 1 leavens are his Mead,
" t!ic Fiie his M(juth, the Air his Breath and lirealt, the
" \\at(r his Seed, and the F.artli, anil the Mountains tlur^-
" I't', his l.igs ami Feet ; but ali'ert, in geneial, that
" (ied i'; the Life of every Thing •, yet is the Thing nei-
"th'.r j;,re.mr or Kf- for him.

" 'I'lii y hold, that tiod dwelt in a V.iruity !)efore that lie
" iTuted t!ie VN'iirld ; and that, as he dwelt i:\ the \' acuity,
"he created kverai Beings out ot liiinlllf : The firll were
" .^njju-, the lleond Souls, the third .Spirits, all dillering
" in iJfori.cs of Pui-ity ; the lirll Umg more pure than the
" kvi n ;, aiul the lecoid th.ui the third. The Angels, tiny
" lay, neiiher att Good or F.v il ; the Souls either Good or
'" kvil ; but the Spiiits, or Dewtas, as they call them, act
" !<ai\e ai.y Tiling but F.vil. 'I'hiy li.ive a good^Opinion
" ol tl.c A 1 [;els, .nnd I iiink their St.ite mighty happy, hoping,
" whin they die, they Iball be maile Partakers ot the lame
" Llils and Piealiiie. They believe, that every thing that
" luth l.itc luih a .Suul, but efpeiially Man •, and tin y, ac-
'■ tofdiiigly, aHirm,that us thelc Souls behave themlelves in

" their pre-pxinent .St.itc, foare their Aiiilian.s in this World
" either good or bad, by a fort of fatal Keeiflity, which is
" very hard to conquer or overcome. 1 !encc it is-, fiy thcyj
*' that there are fo many different Humours and l)ifpofition.s
" ot Ml n ; for their Souls, bctore their I'ntiani c into their
" Bodies, being t.iinted with different Afli\Hions caufe the
" like Differeneejin the Parties, whole BoJ.icsare their Vihi-
" cks ; fo th.-.t if a Man happer.s to have a fuddcn or un-
" rtunate Death, t!iey immediately alciibe the fame to the
" Parytsown Wickednefs, or the bad Lite that his Soul led,
" beiore that it entered into his Body : For, lay tln;y, thi;
" atoreaeted Kvil that his Soul did in its otla.r Lite, brought
" thele Accidents upon him, by getting the upper Hand of
" him, and by beingtoopowerbilandllrong; And thele, that
" die thus, they believe thtir Souls turn into Devils.

" They maintain /'_v//w?or<7j's Tranfmigr.tion, or Ai(?»
" tempyjcofis, but in a {^in.fier Senfe than he did : For they
" believe that Mens Souls, that have not lived fo well as
" they ought, go, as foon as the Body dies, not only into
" the Birds and B-.afts, but even into the Iv.lMt Reptiles,
" Inlee'ts, and Plants •, where they fuffLT a Uroiig foi t of
" Purgation to expiate their f(irnier Crimes. ]Uit as lor
" the Souls of the Jogces or CUcghis, that is, of rcligicin
" Men and Saints, they taney tliat tluy go and inh.'ibit,
" with the good Deivlas or Angels among the Stars.
" As for the Spirits, or inferior AngeN, they believe rhac
" they arc very evil, and have a hand in .ill Wi; kcdnefif s,
** Munlers, Wars, Storms and i'empefts ; f > that '• hcu
" tht y fblemnizc the Funeral of ti.olL that are dc.d, they
" always picfent Dilhes of Meat as OlViii^s to thofe
" Spirits, and Ibnutlmes facnfitc unto them, that thty
" ni.iy not hurt the Souls of the Dead.

" As they acknowledge the Being of a migl)ty God,
" 1^) they hold, that he created the World, and every
" Thing therein. They Ix-Iieve, that tlure are .dmoll in-
" finite Numbers of VVorids ; and that (jod has often-
" times anniiiiLited, and recreated the lame-, but Ihav
" he came lirlt to create the WurKl, and M.mkiml, they
" relate to have Jeen thus : Once, en a lime, (ii.y tiiey)
" as he was fet in Eternity, it came into his Miid to
" mak" fom' thing; and immediately, no Iboner iud
" he thought the lame, but the fime Mijiute wis ai
" peifeiit beautitul Woman immedi.itely y.x^ nted belori;
" him, which he called Adeu Suiilee ; that is the lirll
" Woman : Then this Figure put into his Mind t!ie Fi-
" gure ot a Man ; which he had no iboner tonceivi d in
" his Mind, but thai he alio llarted up, and reprefcnted
" himfclf beiore him ; this he called Mctaapuiji; that is,
" tlie liift Man : Then, upon a Reliti'tiiin of tliefc
" Things, he refolvcd further 10 create llvir.il Placts tor
" them to abide in V and, accordingly, alfiiming a l.ibtil
" Body, he breathed in a Minute the whole Univerle,
" and every thing therein, from the lean to the greatelb"

A Divine ot the Church ol Kcme, who had icf'ded long
in the Indies, and filled there with great Dignity a very
high Poll '', in a Relation whieli ii nut yet piinied, and
tliereti)ie the more curious, gives us the following Ac-
count ; " The Brachnians are, at this Day, the only
" Peo]ilc among the Indians th.it have a Right tocultiv.ite
" the Sciences i and of thu Right they are fo jealous,
" that they fuffer leaire any of tiiofe Riys to tliine upon
" the World, which might be expected from I'erliais,
'■• boafting themfelves in I'liffeffion of fo much F.i{.hr.
" Their Call is the moll noble and tlie mofl conlider.ible
" of all, and is even looked u[ion to be as much lupeiior
" to Princes, as Wifdom, and ufelbl Kiuiwleilge, arc,
" in their Nature preferable to Gr.mdeur and I'owci, which
" Kings fo eafily abiife,

" '1 he Scienc(S cultivated by thefe Bnuhuins, and in
*' which they make a greater or IcI'h Progrefs, in pro] 01-
" tiun to their I'arts and Application, in.iy be lediuul to
" eighteen. The tirll is a kiiult.tGiamm. 11, winch contains
" the Rules neceffary for the uiidirllar.dii!;; of tliat Lan-
" guage, which tluy call GV^v'-'/ ,.•;;) ; in wliich tluy coii-
" verle amongll themfelves, and wheiein all tluir Books
" are written : From heme th( ir >\iinc(S aiiend ii\ a
" very regular Scale, trom the more ninple .ind eafy, to

'((.u<l(ii Lutijil, W. 3. /.

* LxUaii Iroui aMai.ufcrift v^ritienb)' £>om r/diiiiyfx Rt.i, Aivi.biilep oi i:i\:-:,-a"

M : 1:

'-yi

mm
1$ I i I

m:.

^ ■f'^U

\\-i i\X^~

■ ■' 'r',1: i!N

«r

thol«

■j I;

4^6 The Difcovcry, Settlement, and Commerce Book I

;iii*^ni

-r^iih >

l» ,•!

^■■l

; - ;J:

** tliolt; wliii !i .irc more ilifTKiilt aiul compl.x. Tlic l.ii^,

" wlixh i:. <.lh\'nu\l tin- IVikdioii of all Sticiiccs is 111 la 1

" /V.L'.j/j, or Vcuhta \ wliicli is, as much .« to l.iy, the

"•* tlotf, or t!ie .Si:tn of all riiings. This is a kiiul ot

•' imt.ii hyfu.il 'Ihfology, which the hrnckman^ nccivc

'■ not \s;tli :iS|'int ol liiauiry, Init wiili profound anJ iin-

" {)lii.it SuhinilTion, as a Kiiul ot Piviiic Do.'trinc, which

rcrt cf

II." When .-HrxanJer h,ui licani, frcni tic R,
Oncfurilui, whom he had lent to h,m, tinu ntitlKVi'
miles nor Threats woiiKl induce Dindam-.s to com""
him, iu w.Ls tic more tltfiroLis of faing one, who ts''
naked and oki, was able to overcome the Conmiiro7''f
lo many Nations. He went, thtreforr, witli a u"
his lYiends, to the VVootl where the I'hilolonhc- „,

" is, in Its N.inire, fuixrior to all I''.xamin.iti(>n or Dif- " and when lie drew near it, ali[',!»tin[T from

" jHite. Thus, thcfc Men fuiVcr tluir \Vifdom to Lx- '
" founded by tli.it of then AncertoP', winch, as tiny de-
" fue not to tranfccnd, it is very probalile tiiey do not
" c.iual."

I '. I have 'rcited this Subictfl more larffciy, Ifcwfe I

find mai.y Tl)in<;s omitted by vi ry p,reat Men, who liave "

undertaken to jiive us Accounts of thi- lir.h'.m.ms, their ""

l.carning, Manners, and tlic paitkuiarTurn ot tlieir I'liilo- "

fophy. The celebrated Ba\U has vouchlated tiiem Two "

Aiticies ill his ni.ticn.iry, but lams in l>otli to liave aimed "

more at exixifn g the Coiur.idiclienr, of I'ueh ancient Writeis "

as have mentioned tiiel'e I'iiiiofophers, than to give In "

Keadcis any dr.hiict and mcthodkal Account of tlieni from "

T\!ut he liad hinifelf read". In one of his Articles indeed "

Ik- tells us, tl'.at the Book, written by PiiUadiin on tiiis .Siib- "

jeel, dellrvcs to be confuted ; and in his Notes informs "

us, that tlfis Author was publidi.-d from aManufript in "

t!ie Roy a! I.ibraiy, by Sir FJ-xard B'll.^e, Clarencieux Kiiit; "

.u Arms; and. luinillies us with fonie Remarks on the "

I'lJitions of the Book, or rather on tiic Cliang ■ of the "

Title Pages i for tiiere n'ver was b it one Kilition, wiiitii "

I have rud with a gre.it deal of Case ■, aiui am trom ihaice "

cnablei.! to give t!ic Reader fome Lights, beyond wlut lie "

can receive trom Mr. Ra)!i'. "

'I'he I'.ditor of that Book collcc'leJ every t!iing that had "

been written upon this Subjei:^, nt which he compoftd a "

very cur;o'.;s Mifcrllany, addreflcd to the f^rl of C.'uroil.n, "

then Lord 1 ligli Chincellor of England. The Trc^tile of *'

PalMus of the Indian N.itivins, and of the Rr,::bmnns, w.is "

inJcul never publiHicd before ; yet it contains very little, "

if any thing, n;w upo.i tlio .Subj.cf, fincc t!;c Difcourfe if "

St. .imbr.i'e, ot tlie Manr.eis ot' t'le Briubnuins, wliich is "

a;idrclTed to oie Pa'.'.udiui, a:'.d liad Uen Ion ; bcl'^re pub- "

lifhcd in Latin, contains tiie Suliflance of w!ut is related by "

the other in Gretk -, liut the Letters ot Dtnd.-mis or Dan- "

tii:mis, which are ad, led to theie Two I'ieccs, are ablblutcly "

new, and never were piibhfhcd but by Sir lukiarJ Hifl.e ; "

for wh;ih Rcafm i thought t!ie .'^ullllan(e of them would "

be a; ceptable to the Rc.ider, ar.d tlurcfore I infcrted H in a "

lornur .Section. "

Suaho * mentions the Application of AUxandtr to tius "

Philolophcr, an.! fo does Plutarch ' ; but both Jnihife '-

xm\ PaHadiui gives us a hrge Account of a ConlVre: te "

that Monarch liad with tiiis Bnuhman, which tiiey received "

from the Indians themfeivcs ; wlmh is the more probaM.-, "

l';;i(c it is certain tl'.ey had. formerly Books upon this Si:!>- "

jcd, whiih, very probably, cont.iincd the very fame Ac "

ccunti that arc pr' lervcv! to us in thcfe : They arc miii li "

more curious, and will afford tiic r-..;i;.r:iive Re.id-'r tar *'

greater .^^aiisladion, than any tiling r'lat I know ot, that "

has Ixen written i.t this kiiui •, and tlierefore I wonder, "

iiiat lo iit'.icious a!id fo leanud a Man as Mr. R;v.Vi!id nut "

rather chufe to give us fome (.flotations from thcf- karce *'

and valuable I'ieces, thin trom Books that were in every "

tody's 1 lauds, and had Ix-'Ci-. lb often quote i before. "

1 he Bounds prclcribe.i to this Woik, and the many "
^'.'lings that are to be treated of in this finglc Cliapter,

will not allow nit to infert tiie Whole of c.tlier o( tlule "

l'ir.(! : But, afta h»vi;,g given loch a Chara<'.ter ot tiuni, "

the Reailer, perlia{«, would not excufe me, if I (liould cf.le "

thii Sediion, without putting it m his I'ower to jiidgo tor "

liimfell, liy aiV.ing a Specimen fiom a Btjok, whicli, lo "

great a Mao l^is told us, ought to be ronfulted by whtKver "

prrtemis to write uj»»n this Subjei't I wil! ther-fo'e llibi .in "

I he Dilirourle fetwe'i Jlexandtr and the Indian I'hil ,l'o- "

piirr" i whi.h, I tlunl^ will be fifTici-nt to fatisfy his ( u- •

ri<;ricy, aiKJ diillurgc mc etft/tually of this Part < t my "

lask. "

• ■>«« tht ,Ariicl« Hrnkmani srnJ Cfmie/tphifli. ^ Strain, ht. x\\

Wis,

refuted to come to me. Anil to wlut Vl;rl^l^^■ Jo "'
come .' lijtd he : Wliat is there in our .SolituJ'.sthitvuu
can deCirc to carry away ? What you want, we luv',.,!,;,
«iul wh..t We have, is not necillaiy toyoii. Wi Ik-*. -
CJod, love Man, ncghd (iold, and contemn \\..[y
You, on the other h.uiil, tear Death, honour GiiM, im;
Man, and contemn (iod. Teai h iis, replied Jlixni.;
tome of your Wifdom: They fiy, that yon ,iro lull J
Pivmity i and that ymi often conlcr with (iddhimicf':
Now, 1 would willingly know in wii.it you aid' the
(lr((ks ; in wliat you -.ire betfit; in what wifr t!a.i
other Men. And L returned y\W.!w;.r, wuiiiil wil'i;;-;,-
bellow on you, what I iiave recival livmi Geil, L:t
t!i.it I know, your IV.Iom atVords not Rcom tor liiij
Ciitt : Thy Miad is tillal with \.\\ Dtllres and irGt.uc
Av.'.rice, ae.d a di.iN)liial 'I'iiirft ot l^nipire ; all wiiick
tij;!i: againlt ine, wlio would enJeavo'.ir to i::t,Md them
trom your Br; all. Voii are delirous of goir" to the
Ocea- ', after t'lat would conquer f();T" MiicrPjt
of the otid, to f.ti^ty tiiol'e l)erii\s which v jull^ict
ycu witli Sadncfs when you ha.l no rr.orc to cor.quir.
I low tlien is it poflibie I llioulj content you.' who, f
all tr.e World were fubiectcd to yi ur .Servici-, \.^>i^
not even then be at l<;ll. You are ma.le naich b
tlian tlie Woild ; and yet you would ccnqiifra!', iid
oltuin wiutivr Mankind poflcf., bur, alter :'!, you
could have no more tlian you fee nie lyi:;g on, irhif
you fit ujion. The Late v.ould lx- exaiftly tlu !'j:i\, ;
w ■ iTiouid remove from lience; tor ycu and 1 woj
then be fU II equal in our PoirelHons. 1 dcfireo:!)-:)
ufe the I'.lements of Air, Water, and h'arth, as oth'f
Men ul'e them j and tiicrefore whatever 1 have, I ,Jlf
polfefs i for if you were poffetled of all tiie R:v.rs a
ilic Work!, you could only drink W.iter tieni the.-. .;
I do. If you will but I'-arn Wildoin ol me, youv,;!
want notliing -, lor he has all wlio delires no iivirc ta
Ir.- h.Ls. For it is Defire tliit is the Mcnlier ut I'ovcrty;
which, without knowing th.' projx*r Rcme.ly, you feci
to cure i for whoever leeks to [xjllifs all Thi'gs w.l
never lind what he leeks •, and, meeting with nuKelHa
wliat he jxifllll'ts but expci^tmg it tioni wh.it is ycttj
be p^olTelled, he llill excruciates himlelt more aiiJ n-.Q.".
You will have the gre.itell Wealth pollihie, anilcnjoyit
witli the utmoll I'leafun-, if you wmld live tiicsw.:.!
me V for, if you loulil tallc the WilJoni I tiaih yix.,
you would polfefs all the Riches I liavj. Thellejve.a
lerve mc for a Canopy, the I'-irth is my Bed -, I lir:.'.^
out of the River, and the laid here llipplies mc «it.i
I'ood ; I d.o not eat other .Animals like a 1 .lun, nC"- ■
do the Remains ot other Animals conkinie m nn', / '•
ill make my Body their Sepulchre •, but I teed naturiiy
upon fruits, as on the Milk my Slctinr g.ivc mc.
" But you aie defirous of knowing wiiat it is 1 p'll'tli
more than other Men, and how tar I am wiler. 1 live
as you tee, agneable to the M.uiner in whieh 1 w.!''-
ated : I live as I came from mv Mother's \VotTi;\
naked, witliout Riciiis, and wiilwnt Care. 1 know
what (;od has done, and I km^w wlut w;ll U- t'ondy
him. You, on the other hand, are amazed at the I'r-
dii;tion r\ Things to come, l)ecaul'e you uniicrllanil ret
the Works ot Goc!, which he fiKweth you every H"'-.
Ui.hasl-,miine, I'laguts, Wats, Droiigiits, K^ms--,
tniitfol .Seafons; ail wlmh I know l.ow, wher.tf, !•
' to what Knd they come ; WhiUi Kr-.owleJg: i> •^''■■■■

' /h J„ «* ir: * r-f'^'aiiim it OV""' ■' •' '''• '

, •> ir.urjat*

Chap II.

of the East Indies.

45*7

nuiiiicual to me by Providence \ and it rejoicccs iv.c, " View all the Murders thou had committed, or caulld

,'iit (ioJ is plcilfd to communicate his Works to my " to be committed ; and ol thtfc how car.ft tliou polTibly

{iivkrlluvtuig. To that 1 know, and am perlliaticd of " cxcufe thyl'elf ?"

I,,, jiilVia-. It. at a';y '"""^v l^,'"^ addrefs thcnUi-lves ^^ All this Altxamler iitard patiently, and without tlie leaft

to:nc, as I . .

l,.;ili(ins ol' \N ar, or any otlior I'.vil, I pray to God in
tluir Boliait' ; a:iil, having rLftored their Courage by
\Voi\!s ui Coiilblation, 1 li;nd them back with Ibme
■ oiiii. rtablc iNKIlagc.

I'cll me whi^h is Lxft, to kill and deftroy Men, and

:nc, as to a Mdllngcr ot Cioil, under the Appic- Dirpkaluie •, but an evil Spirit hindered him from profiting

by tliis gooii Advue. He anfwered, theretbre, the Phi-

lolbpher thus : " I am thoroui^hly fenfible of tlic Trutii

" ot ail you have laid ; for, drlcending ot an holy Race,

" thou art here conveniently lituated, where, witiiout any

" Trouble, thou enjoycft widi the gieatell: Pleakire the

tlLrJiy obtain a Fame lor Mildiiet, or, by prtlliving " whole Circle otthy Days, and polVeir.ll: all the Riches of

' thcni, ami i!oii;g them good, to acquire that of a Bale- " Nature in a perteiit and uninterrupted Peace. 1, on

' i'.do'r ? And wliicli agrees belt \\ith the Character of " the other hand, live in the midll of Tumult, and of

, i;,. Sons ol (iod, to war ai'.ainll and oveiturn what " Toils: lor much I fear even (hole, who by their Of-

■' (jodluili cll.iblilhed, or, rat hi r, peaceably to fupporr, " fice ought to defuid me from Icar ; and Icldom rife

.idcaincllly endeavour to rellore, whatever is decayed,
>' !■, till' Servant of the IJtity ? It is not, O Kiinj;, either
'• tliv ^rcat Power, thy imnienfe Weahh, ih.. Multuude
«< of I'.icphants the cotUy Rob-s that are about thee, the
" mmicrous Armies under thy Cominand, or what th(<u
" lull taken from other Nations in War and Battle, that
'. c„a aiUit thee, but a proper Atn ntioa to my W ords,
" ,m.i a due Krpard to the Counlels I give thee. Neither
•• ,i;n 1 ulraid ol thee, O JlexanJir, though thou Ihouldlt
" kill nK v for 1 lliould go immediately to God, who
" kr.owi, my Caufe, and lioiii whom my Life has not been
" hid: lor what can there b.* hid trom him ? 1 he Sun,
" the Moon, the Stars, all Orve him tor P.yos ; and he

will judge whoever does an Injury to his Neighbour ;

the Apprehcnfions of my Enemies fo high, as thole I
have ot my Friends ; for I am daily in greater Dread
of their 'Irc.clury, than of the Force of iny Foes.
Thus, between the NectlTity of having Guards for my
Safety, and the Dread that thefe very Guards may de-
prive me of Safety, I live in perpetual Anxiety.
" My Days are fpent in troubling, dillrefllng, and dc-
ftrc ymg other People ; anJ, in the Nighf;, I am fil-
led with Terrors and Sulpicions, lell", by fome luddeii
and ficret Fnemy, I Ihoiild be cut oj mylelf. If I
put to Death thole I fear, I become hateful •, if, again,
1 am mild and gentle, 1 am contemned : And how,
out of fuch a Variety of Dangers, 1 Ihall be able to
fnatch myfclf, I know not •, lor, if I fought to quit
vltlkT 7s there any I'lace to which thou eanlt fly, to " the World, and to live with you in the Defeits, it would

'■ avoid liis Juilice in that State of Retribution.

" riitrcfore, O Akxnnder, leek not to overturn what
>' God has ertablilhcd, or to rum and detace whit it hath
" rl.ailJ him to .adorn : Neitivr flied the Blooel ot Ci-
'■ liens, or lay wafte whole N.itions, that they may feel
" tlie Weight of thy Pov.er : For, is it not better tor
" th.c to live, than to make others die ? and, thereby,
" rc:jicr your own Death a BlelFing to others ? Tell me
" \vh'-, having but one Soul thy fell, thou wouklll deftroy
" whiilc \at;uas? Why iliouldlt thou rejoice at filling
" the World with Mifchief ? Why Ihoukift thou
" rf;;ard the DiftrelTes of others as tliy Gain ? Why

irra!c, l.ecauL otiiers weep? Share here with me my

SuiiukIc, and thereby enrich thyl'elf at once, and of Oil and Bread.

" not be in my Power. It is imiwllible for me to quit
" the Station lam in ; and, therefore, I hope that this will
" exeufe me to God, who placed me in this Station, and
" made me what I am. But tl.ou, O wife and good
•' Man, who have hfard my Comphdnts, r.,.j fuoihed my
" Griefs by the Wifdom of thy Words, diiVaading me
'■ from W.U- and Battles, be pleafed to accept th>" Gifts I
" offer 1 and do not contemn me fo far, as to rejeft the
" Tr.bute I bring to thy Wildom."

As he fpake thclc: Words, the Slaves, who waited with
the Prefents, brought them in, and fpread abroad great
Variety of Gold and Silver Veflels, rich in themfclves,
and exquilitely wrought -, together with large Qiiantliies

o'.iicis. llenccforwani renounce all \Vais, and embrace

h.rc ih.it I'cacc which Siibmillion to Providence l>e-

' iViAS : I'oalf no longer of your Power of doing Mif-

• i .rf, hilt (iijoy here \ ith us all the real Pleakires ol

• Lir : 'i'hrow off that Ganneiit made ot a Sheep-lUece,

• i!'d b" r.o longer p.oud ot wtaring the Spoils of a

■ dead Ik.ii* : Von will then, by imit.iting us, do I lo-

■ roiir to ycAirlclf, and bu-oiiiL lueli ..n one as j ; u were

• t'tatcd to be •, for the .Soul ex-aciles iifell in Virtue,
' wlicii in this State of Sohtinle. Preiir therctore, King

■ .'.iiKan.Ur, our kemingiy favag.: l.if', in which you

■ wiil he l.ai'.['ier than yo'.i liavc h'tlurto been. F.ven

• now your M.uedoiians exp-iit you to r.iil'e new Wars,
' to ilaui^hter other Nations and to vffpoil Irelh Coun-
" tiiw ; !or they are f i,', if other People be late ; uneaiy,

■ 11 1,1 y make not the lell t i the \\ Oild to ; and, having

■ walii.;;^ in View but tluir own G.:in, regard out wh.at
' i.r l.uw gr..at l;;ji;(\i;.e tiKycom:iut, to tlu-y augment

■' Ik/.v happy a Life migh'ft tliou kad, by doing wh.it
" fiod iti:;i;ded thou ihoiiklft I'o, purllilng thy own
■' Ciood witlmut l'ie;i;dice to «. tilers' Now, while ;'. is

vt'lmie, h/ar what I f.y, and hlb n '•> the good .Ad-
" via Pave ilue: For, it thou art ileal ;othi-ff Adn.o-
" ntions I Hull hercatter, when w-; a« I'llivued out of
'• this World, lee thee fiiliVring in the .\ir, and bitterly

!aaurt;t,g the I'vils bioughc upon tliyf If, by inRiCting

1 V:! ujxn u'.hers, Vou wiil then think ot my Words ;

'IT nunc c; yot 1 lorfe ami Foot v.iil follow you there,
' or, l.iy ilv.ir Clamours, d.lUirbyour Meeiiation*;, which
" will be wluilly rmiiloycil m tlu- Reirieii bi.ince of Mif-
" ihi.ts d. ne .IS thou wdl tiun tirel, to thy!-lf : For w.ll
" I know tlie iiil\ Puniflimf-nts which Go,' InlTicts upon
" iniuft M;n. Vou will tlu 11 l.iy to me, P^rHMimis gave
'• nie .^uod (.ninlel ; lyr tiicn will be prefcr.t to thy

N'.-iK ,\\X11,

At the Sight of all this, 'Dan.l.r.nis cou'.d not help fmile-
ing. At lall he delivered b,iir,klf thus : " Who da you
" think could perfuade the Bird?, that haunt thek Woods,
" to the L'le of Gold and Silver, and to ling the better
" for it ? Or, if this you concc ive impolliblr, why IlioulJ
" you judge me to be worfethan they.-" Why ihoukl I ac-
" cept trom you what I cannot neither rat or drink ? Why
" flwuld 1 take wlut I can iTi..ke no L'fe of i" Why retain
" uiiiiir my Care what cannot contriluite to my Be-
" netit ? and lo bind and infnart. myfelf, w!i> have hi;lierto
" been tree ; for I dclire not to purehafe, in any Shape,
" what in thefe Solitudes I c.ir.rajt fell. God bellows upon
" me here bruits on every Side, which I pui! and eat
" freely. God fells M.m notliing for Gold •, nay, he
" even beftows his \N'i;doin ticely upon ii.ieh as are able
" and quahiicd to receive it. I am covered widi thi-
" G.irnicnt wiili whii h my Mother bioug'..t me forth,
" 'Flie Air I freely I .-eath-, and elleem my l..imbs at Li-
" berry, while unrelhaincd by any Garment •, and lion^y
" cannot Ik fwcetcr to the Palle, than whatever from the
" Relilli of Hunge • I eat and drinl^. If tliele C.ikes were
" p.ood before, wl y were they e.^j-ofed lo th Fire? F"or
" my part, 1 fuftlr not tli.it Fleniint to touch what I eat,
" any mote, th.in in the Fk Ih at other Animals, I chulij
" to eat ar fecond-hand wha* they h.ive e.-.tai bef.ire :
" Fake th'n away thele Cakes that are baKcd ; but, that I
" may not feem toilefpilc every thing you ofkr me, I am
" content to acvtiit this Oil."

/)„;,'r/..w;/'.,, haviiig laid this, immediately rofe ; and go-
ieg into the W cod, gatheicd up a tonliueiable (.^lantity
ot dry Sticks, which h,ieing niled ui an H*..ip, he
kt 1 iie to them; and then, turning \.o .ilesandcr, liiid,
•* The Rr.icbiuin hath all Fhii gs, and enjoys .Abun mice,
" b caule he enjoys all he .lelires." Tlieii pouiing Oil into
the lire, while it burnt up very iiticelyj he lung an

ii \ llviQtX

il: '

fi, Itfwfli'l '

H '■,

:M' ,«!

■ i

458 7bL' Dilcovcry, Settlement, a mi Commerce Tcckl

Uynin to God, tlir immom! diver of all r,ooii Tlimcs
shanking hiin frir thr inai.ilnjii Gitts lie liadbfftowrH. Wiurli
things when .ilrxaxJer iuil Icm .iml hrard, he went away
ttftonifhed, caufmp all Ins Gilf;, rxccnt the Oil, to Ik- r.ii-
licil luik. Af the fame time, T\iiJ.imi.< gave him many
other Pieces oi found Advice, delirii-g him to rcnieniber,
tlut the Bracbmans w. re Aich as liimUlt, and not lurh as
Ca'.iinus, wltoin they rllrrnnd the worfl oi Men, for hav-
ing difcrtcd their Sucitty, to cnil>race thr Manners ol tin
Lrteks.

There is preat Reafun to helieve, tlut thrfe Fai^s arc
reiHjrted hut conhifnily, and with many Variations, hy the
Autiiors I have cited i but as there appeais to In- a great
Certainty of tlieir coming oiiginally t;om the Hracbmn'is
themftlves they dif rvc to !x: attentively conful'nd, l^i-
caufe thiy very ['lainlv j-rove, that the Correriwrniicnc;'
Ixtween JlexanJir .mi'. Diiiui,:ii:i.i was very famous aiiiongU
thole IVople, and liad m.;dea grea: ImprefVion upon them,
As to il'.L moilerii }Wiim:>:!, it i.'. ceitain, that tluy fall very
Ihort of their I'redeceflurs in I.earnirg, and have v- ry
much corrupted their nligious I'lii.ciples, by th.- I.ilxi-
tics they have tak 11 , .vliich wt need not wonder at,
fincc the I'lme thing has hajux-ncd to almoft every kind
of Pliii<,ifoi)hy ■, ;ind, we may likewifc at-ki, every kind of
Rcligijn.

It is not evident, frt>m any of the Accounts given us by
the Ai.ti lui, that the Hiiuhviiins had any Book or Write-
ings. k\ H'lli contained the I'nnciples of tin ir Science : And
th-. tontraiy fe(m-> probable tn m the Nature ot their liilu-
ntio;i. Ti<: modern iiVjmiwj, however, tell us, that the
fir! E,i"..j aeated by dod, was Brahma, thi Ai.tiior ot
|I;f;f -A't •, of whom tiicy have many Images, which have
comn .>n!y four Heads, Ivcaule he is faid to have been the
A' loorof a Book, containing four Chapters, or Sections •,
W'crrii r. contained the I'nnciples of the Religion and
I ni)<-j' .■..,; shich he taught. This Book is ftill extant
am'jryft them, and is wlut we may cail their Bible ' ;
ftither is it abfoluteiy unknown to other t'aftern Nations,
having been tranllatid out of the L'.atlern i'ongiie, by or.e
A'liabcumatb iGicj^iii, who embraced the .'^c/'dwiw^'.ijwK'-
lig'ion, into Arattc, under the Title of M:rat al inlint ;
that is, ,be M.rrcr cf S.-.incf : Hut they fay, that the true
Sent'i- of it cannot llillb: underftood, without tlie Allilloncc
of fome learned Bramn.

• The Njrr.cof iliJ! Book, in d.f IrJian Ijngujgf, i AtimifnJ i v,\,
>fty diliii.d TrcatilV', nch (uWmJcJ mio ten Chi, Icn , ai.ii in ihi» Boo,
l'jr»blfsind Enigmn ; lu thji ordinary Rc.iiitr! can iniWc little or no Lie

f;ir btr ;'-i

All thefe, however, are Inventioi
Tim-s of which we are now fpeaiung -, and, as v.cli '
hinted before, the (,ld Hn'thnumu thu' ihcy took t"'
Name from the Wore! Brahma, yet tliey ukI ,".ot i„nf.'"
that as the Name ot any particular Ktfnn, biita, rxr-cfff
ot that Character which they attet'tui •, the natural Si^ns
Cition ot that Word, in their old I aiif-cicr, hmdu ,'"
tliin a Man fnitghtfurd, or cne tilliU w.ih divine jv
As they h.ul no Hooks, miu h Id's had tlity imam 1/
ther is it cleai, that tliey made IMe ol any fabulous Tht
logy, in onler to amufe the i'cople -, but, on tlie contrin-'
told then) in plain and pathetic '1 eniv-.wlut tlicy car.ccircd
tij tor them to know and praitile.

All tlie relt catrir in by degrees: And this is the tr-
Realidi, why it is lo dilf-uilt toi the modem ^r-jw.^ jj
give any i.itional AcKnint of tli.il IVtiine whirh [Vjy
preach to tin- I'eople, bccaulc it is all invintcd, an.lhi
not the Kail lielati^m tu tliat lecrtt ard fdid Scicr.ct
which the motl I. earned ot them Itill rriam hy Tradit^
lioni their Ancellors. We mav from hence calily ap".».
hetul, wliy the Lecttures of lome famed Rrannns itcr^.
C( Ifary, to render the Book t>c-tore-meMtioneiJ mtcllijih;;
'Ihe I'urpole of tliofe laduRs, no doubt, nu;rt(x:"toiT
plain away the kit Fart ot that cclei-rated Trcjt;i;-, b-
Ihewinp, that whatever is dclivend thi :ein, rclj!:::- to
Idols, Sunts, and l)(inig<Kls, an-, in Fa.'t, but i'ar&i
relating to the Attributes of the trucCJoii, .md his hw..
deuce ; concerning whu h, tiieir Anceilorsdikoiirlrdcl jr.
ly, plainly, and without making uic of any of thdc Fi-
gures or Fables.

1 laving thus uled my iitmoft F.ndinvours, ro ferthi
.Subju^ in a clear Light, and to reduce the L ..ttcrei! lY.
fages ot antient Authors, relating thereto, into Ikh a .Me-
thtxl, as that they n.ight contriliite to iliullme each (:,-,::,
and leave nothing oblcurc, I (hall pioteed next ru the .\::.-
nials in the Indus, as they are dcfcribeii to us byanr.cn:
Anthors -, and fliall lairly rtiew wherein thcydeviateJ Iroin
Truth \ wherein their .Accounts have N en miihkc.i by •!■.;
Mfxierns •, and in what C.ifes their Dci'criptio.is, tno'
heri-tofore rejetfed with Contempt, have of Lite Vc.ir<, j.-.J
ujx)n a ilriderl'.xaminaiion, Ix-m ag.iin a 'm-n.-d airAir;:,
and more fuitable to Truth, than thole which had '.v,a
hallily received in their lle.id, upon the Credit ut t.ioi:
who were not proper Juilgc-. ot what they law.

cii It AS much ac to Ciy, the Cillcin ut living Wjtfu. It i; coinpoiKc;
■^ their 'Ibtbiog}, I'luiubph), ai.d I'ot.cy, urc contumcd, butclndva
of.!.

S F. C T I O N XIII.

Of ihc Land-AnimaU in the Faft-Iiuiics, ns (lejLfihttl hy antient Authors^ com^arcl "ciia

vmlern iVr iters: ArJ Jotnc Retn^irki upon both.

I'Jcpk
pbanti, tijen Skin, Hon,i, I'at, ice. 8. yln fxiicl rt.trtihflnn rJ thi Khltin'mrt from -:.in:ui Jutb

p. yf'i Account of hn Stz.c, Foo.i, Manna ., .^ , „..„ „, ._ ._,.. ., -.

hat, &c. xo Sonic exlraorJi}uir\ Pujjagfi in mUtm 'Ti.ivfls, relating to thu yht'.mal. 11.

iVi,

19. //// Acvtntof ylfifi, M.nk.y;, ftcc i/'h l',im Coujtchr '. tn io the Mi/hics of tk Aniiniti, i.'.;-'
icil,'. Mm, S.ityn, &v. jo. 0/ the MuikCit, and the -'unoui 'Jlunlitiei of that Anima!. 21. ^' '■''
Drago'ii ,u '/e Itiilicsj the /ir,vig,- Report, cj the Antient^ concermng them, how jar c.tiJinin'J, l:'^'''[
ex^hJJh the Dijeovcrici 0; the MoJam. 22. Ot the Gryphon ot the Anlitntt, ^nd t':c tJl^i >-'"^'!'-'

Chap. n.

of the East Indie

49P

Cntt/h cf
hem, and

cc'ici-rni/i^ if- 23. ne Chameleon ptirticultirh ikfcribed-, ils rcinan

tide F.rrori tl'tithitve becitfptrod about it. 24. Of tl.e Ants o/ hvX\, _ _ _

low fur they arefupportcd by Fa£}s. 2 f . Fan'ous Remarb, and ciirioui OhJeyMtioiif, on tiis Si/bjeii'.

IT I1.15, in the foregoing Seftions, been fully Jhewn, after, when they judgcii tlicni to be fiilficiently weaken'nl
that the I'eople of the ///A« were very fiiigii- by MiingfTiiiui 1 hint, they retiirneil, mounted upon tame
l.ir in all refptifts, This, tho' it might be, in Ele[ihants,with which they purfued and fatigued them, till

lonie nuMfiire, ilue to I''duration, and other Accidents,
•ct oUjjht to be thirfly alliibtd to their Nature and Con-
Ikutions, fiiire we know by Kxperienee, t!iat the Cha-
nfttrs given of muft Nations by antient Authors, arc
(xcillmt I'iaurcs of them, even at this Day. To lay

thf

t;.r.i.iily h.ippy

Truth, /"'''''' w.is alike fmgular in all things and jui-
in one, that while the rell of tlie World

they were quite fpciit. Then they bridled tl'itm, and gav(r
them fome Cuts over their Jaws, and over tiieir Neck, that
tiicy might humble ihtni more ctleaually ; and then,
mounting them, they torted them, by Blows, to proceed
to their Stables '.

They ufed, belides this, another Method as fingular as
the former : They hunted them out of the Foreft with a

cvullly I'lvllid tlirougli all Oblfadcs, to come at a T-liarc great Noife, and ilrove them b«fore them all Day long :
c; !..r Riches, the Inh.il)itants of Imlia thcmfelves Celt no In- When it was Evening, they tlrove

y tlrove them back again ; but,
in the mean time, the lluntfmen had taken care to fet the
Biufhwood on the .Skirts of the Foreft, on Fire. The Ele-
phants, being extreinely afraid of that Element, when the/
<lrcw near the Flames, were lb aftonidied, that they flood
ftock-ftill, and futiljred thcmfelves to be cafily taken ; and
then they beat them till they grew tame. This, however,
feldom anfwcred the End at once -, and, therefore, to com-
,'\;no;igft thefe, it is natural t(^ fuppofe, that, next to the pletc the Bufmel's, they faftencd tliem to Pillars, and there,

by Hunger and Beating, made them perledly tame,
Som; times, however, the Lois of their Libeity threw them
into fo deep a Melancholy, thut they began to pine and
l.mguifti, refufiiig all .Suftenance, and feeming difpofcd to
feek a Remedy fur their ill Ufigc in Death. Their Keepers,
in this cafe, h.id Recourfe to .Singing and Mufic ; which
loon diffipated the Grief of the Animal, and brought it to

t, •;• on to wander, and were never compiled by any kind
it Wants, to gi> .ind proclaim their Indigence in foreign
Climates, I'hc .iccurate Del! liption of the .Singularities
andKiclus, with which this Country aboiinilvd, w;is natu-
raliv the Work oi' every Tniv/ller, and of every Author
too. th.« praended to write any thing of a Region fo re-
ir..uk.ible,

Mtn, the Animals ftruck them tirlh and of thefe, that Ani-
mal moll:, which of all the reft was, in every refpecl, the
Koll extraordinary. This, without Qiirllion, was the
1 Lphanr, a Creature found only in the IiiJies, and in the
Scutacrn Provinces of .Africa. The Indian Elephant,
however, w.is, in every relpect, fupi rior, not only in the
Fvcs (if .Men, but even of thole Creatures thcmfelves, if
wf may ca-dit what Ibme Author^; relate '.

Thtle Creatures are, generally fpeaking, either of
3 dirk Colour, or of a wiiitc ; but th.' 1 itter are very
rare.

Thtir Boilies arc heavy and. grofs, and fir enough from
king beauiilul in their Appearance : Thiir I'yes are like
thofcofa Hog-, thtir Legs and l-'eit refcinble Columns-,
y.ttheybei'.d their Fore-legs, when they reft thcmfelves,
irlltfp; They cinnot Bend tluir 1 leids, or turn their
Necks ; ilv ;r bars lie irt tty much behinil, and are very

cioi'e : Th: n Trunk

uaclics tinwn to the

as long as their Fore-kgs, and

Groui'iJ

It is ftrong, tough, and

hollow 1 they can open .ind (luit it, .-.nd by the Mrlp of
!:t:.V (jruiiclrs, h!;: linall Points, they art able to tike up
. ;. tliinj^i aPm, for Inlbnce, or a tirain of Muft.ird-
lb;i: They make ulc of their Trunks in F.ating and
l)r..-.king, con\Tyi;-,g witli them what they take into their
.Nlu'.iths. The whole Force of t'le Animal chiefly conlills
r. ti.is Member, in which if he be dcc[)ly wounded, the
Cti-jtiirc (iifc. T|;eio lies bchinil the Ear a little Cavity,
Cjvrrcd with a Membrane, no thicker than the Head of
aDr'.im, and ,iny VNHund in liiat P.irt alio is mortal. At
t:;.- two CdUkis 01 the Mouth grow two large Teeth, and
ht*ern tneV- t!.e Trunk is placed, in the Male : Thefe
Tu'lvs 01 l.ui^c Teeth, arc f:x or fcvcn Foot long ; but in
t.f tciiul- I'.k-ph.ints, they rarely exec. d a Foot. They
I'-.-J 0:1 tiral's. Nuts, -Sugariaivs, and other things of a
li\c Na'iire ; and they aie chielly afr.iid of .Smoke or Fire,
oftiieLtop, .vid of Hjme kind ot S rpents \

fhcy .ire naturally as wil I as Tyi-vrs, or any other
B'.jrts ; and arc ih''!.tore, like them, < aught by Hunting,
hv thit C.ili .1! /«;;rtH.i, wh'cli, as we have before Ihewn,
' .-;c tills I'x Idle a Part of their PujlelTion. The Man-
■■' in which ihcy hunted thcin, is very remarkable, and
I'i^:^' rclatf.l by good Autlmrs -. In i'"- firft Place, they m-
' ' -i a I'l.iiii lijiucwhai Ufs tii.an i Mile over, with a large
■"• ilep Hitch, over whuh, in f \ua! Places, tiier- were
■'■' n!tn liiuig s -, and in the midll, there were Cabins
•r .red tiii the Rccjption of tlie b.kph.ims. Into this in-
'■' lure they conducted ibme female b'.'.ephants, to whom
'• .\Iaks wciv litre to come in the Night : As loon as tnc
' I rtfiiim hrard thrm, thev withdrew, and took u|) the
'' "'s^es, liiniinonihg the Inh.aiitants ol the neighbouring
'■••!«'-, to aiVill in br-igiii", them .iwiy. Some D.iys

Its Stomach again

Pliny afluies us, that the '■Troglodyles, who live on the
I'Vontiers of Elhiofiii, and who hunted thefe Creatures
merely for the lake of feeding upon them, did it in quite
another manner : They got up into high Trees, and there
they waited the coming of the Elephants in Herd« : They
fufVercd all to pafs them but the hindmoft -, upon which he
who had the moft Courage, and was efteemed inoft adtive,
leapt down on the Back of this Elephant -, and, llrikinghis
Heels into the Creature's Sides, and laying hold of the
Tail with his Left Hand, he fat faft : Then bending back-
w.irds, with a Hatchet, which he held in his Right, he h.am-
ftringed the Elephant on one Side -, and as he grew taint
thro' Lois of Blood, and began to flacken his Pace, the
Man got down, and took his Leave with another Stroke
with his Hatchet, at the Sinews on the other Side. He
atterwards tracked the Elephant by bis Blood ; and, having
found where the Creature lay, feized him when dying, and
cut him to Pieces ". Of this Sort of Venilbn theic I rcglO'
dylts were fo tond, that they feldom eat any thing elfe :
Nor would they lilfen to any Propofals that were made them
bv Ptclem Phi'.addphiis, to forlx-ar detlroying Elephants ;
for the- p.refcrving and taming of whieh, that Monarch had
a particular i'.ilbon. The bJcphants in the Indies were
never himteei in this barbarous manner.

2. The modern Method of hunting Elephants is parti-
cularly elefcnbed by the Eii'.bilVaclors lent by the late Lcun
XIV. to the King of !^iam. Tliey lay that it is a Di-
vcrlion in itsNiture truly Royal -, and from their Account
of ir, the Rea.ur will l)e probably of the lame Opinion,
The Ground i ngln-dly cncompalfed, fay they, is m Ex-
tent near twenty Leagues; and this is boUnded by a double
Row of Fires which burn all Night. At each Fire, that
is to lay, at the Diftancc of about ten Yards, there are two
Men polkii with Pikes -, and the intervening Space is filled
u[) by Elephants trained to War, and fni.ill Pieces ot Can-
non. Vvheii the 1 lunting begins, a Bony of armed Men
( liter the iiicloleil Space, and by eiegrees proceed to ftreighten
the Willi Be.ilts. The 1-ire, the Eleph.ir.ts, and the finall
I'leees ol Canr.on, gradually advance, till lueh time as they
are very near the wild Elephants ; and then they begin to
attack rhem wirh their Lai.ccs. When one of them m lur-
ruunelcd, and t.ikcn, the War ElepliMfs, which are trained
for this Purpofe, place thcmfelves on each Side ot hinn ;

Clinff.

/it. .w.nv.i. (. jy I'li'i Kai. Hijl. /i.*. viii.
,'ti.M. Juia:. in J'.iiidi. I'li^rat. l,h.

Pii

•' Thii Delcrif ticn is takfii fioin i Manufcript Ac-
:,L viii. * Ma^idijj'y'i 'X'lnili, f. 319.

':':Tmu>b

y§i\ -^ '

5! .11,

i '■**!

l\s''^r^

§w^

I> .1

Iff '<!

1 1 *

p''; 'I

(

.•/ ■

' i'

U3E^

1 ' "

! ;

, "

■ Id

461O '//'t' Ducovciy, Scttlciucnf, ^/;>v/ Comiricrcc 1:

Siul, if he Ir. troul'iiloitif, licit him rnitndfy, but witlirmt
wounding him i whil;- ntlurs f,o Ivhiiul, ami yulh liim
■long: 1 lu-n t!ic Mtii who air imi'Inycii in this I lit:. tint;,
tcuhthc KiiiuiiuiiTi in lll.r n-aniui ii, thrrn wuh Koixs ;
atul, nioiiiitiiii; thiin, lonr ihtin aloiij^ to j I'oft, to whi li
thty arc talk nil), till, I7 Hunger, t.'icy .irrnuiic as i.iinp
asSlu-tp*. At this 1 lunting tluy 10,1k twmty. The King
ofMi/w, thcnriigninn,iliatl ifvivcd tliir- Mrthud lA himiing
I'^irphanis. was pidint iiinililt, iiionntidon .u> Miphiiit
ot War, amlij.ivo lusl)ri!ii>. The ILmlullaiiois «iit in-
loinieill'y his I'nmc MmilUr, that ihi'- I'r.nic had, at this
tiino, iw.) thoiuaiul I'.kplunrs <.(' War, and tuty-fivc
thout'iiul Ml n, 1:1 his Scivjrt'.

I'atlu r 'JaJwJ, who was of thi^ I'mbafly, tells lis far-
ther, thaf ihrrc was a kiml ot Ampliitheatr', \.hieh was
built ill the l-i-rin ot a \ar^ .Sijuare. waii.d rn rwry Si.le,
and a I onvcr.iciit Ti'r.ice oj'.thr Icp.ijn whxii t!u- Sicita
tors w;rc plactil. On the Inl dr, tlieic was a kind ot I'a-
lil'adoes, CuiDpofcd ol large wooden I'iilars, tixid in tlic
Earth, dt Vx Piftance ot alioit two I'crt one troin an-
other ; behind whi( li the 1 iuntlmcn retired, when purliud
by the enraged Ikalh A lart;e Extent of (nound was
taken in lo^aids i lie Country, andover-agamll it, ntarthe
Cite, a linali, r I'art ; at th.; J- nd ol which there was a long
I'afia^e, lb narrow, that .111 1 Irj liant C<;ii!d nut pals thru'
it without I)iir.cu.ty i whxh hd into a Coiiit where the
Jilcphanti were taineil. On the Day appointed li>r tlie
CI1..C •, the Hunifnu-n entcrtd the Wuo.i.s, mounted on
J.inale Idephanis, pro|Hrly trawmi to tlie Sj)ort, bcir.g
thenifilvts 111 coveiid, as not to Ik- lic;i by the wil i 1 li -
phants. When they were to tar advanced in the l-ortd, as
that they judi;ei! tiicmlWves near t!ie I l.umts ot thufe wild
He.:fts, they liiaili' the teniale I'l.-phai'.t.s roar ; to which thi-
Malci never tailed to iuilwrr wuli a moll diradtiil Noifc :
Hy wliii li the I li.ntliiien iudt;ing ot the PiiUiue th( y were
from them, l>epi;i U) Kturn, and, Itaiiing thelemal<'s
gently towauls tie Amphithca;re, the wild Llcphanis f> 1-
K)wrd them very peaceably, till they entered withm the
Incloliire, x-id the Ban ler behind thnn was llujt.

The Icmalts continued thtir March crufs the Amphi-
theatre, and entered, one alter another, the narrow I'alla^'-
on the oj^piifite Side. The wild f.i ph.vt, at the I n-
tranceot that l'aira;^o. Hopped -, and tlun they put m I'rac-
ticc every MidiCKl to lorce him (oiw.ird, by making the
l(;in«!e H(i>!i ii.ts that wtrc on the otlier Side cry, while
the lluntimeii in the Amphitheatre pulh.d the LJephai.t
lorward with loud Cries •, and when he turmei upon ih.tr,
they tookShilttr Uhnui the Pilars, .^.t Ll\ i-.aviiij', p/t
h m to the Entrance of the tallage, o;,. ran heiorr him ,
and the wild El.-] haiit toiluwuu', with all imai-inahle Fury,
Kis I'airagt wa\ picltnily ftopj)c.l by two flidirg B.irii: rs
that w rr let tail, tne ieioie, tlie other behind him. The
Aiiima!, fin.hng hiiid'eli 111 tiiis .Situation, not able toga
either lorward or backward, m.ide pio»iigi(.us l-'tiurts, and
fctupa hideous Cry. IJuy tlun < n leavuui."d to panty
fcim. by throwi"g Hu' k»i» ot Water ovi him, luivug
him Willi Leaves, and v.etiini^ '''■• ''''f^ with Oil : I'hey
like*,k bruu,';it tam<- Elepluints U^th .M.ilc and 1-em.ile,
wh') tarclfed aid maelc mu h of him with their Ttiinks.

In dv m;an time, they f^ftciud Ropes under liis Belly,

ami to his Hi ,da-legs ; Ihen an OtTicer, niountrd on an

tlfi>li*nt trained lor th.u F*ur|«/--, alvamrd, a;.d retired

f- vcral times ihi.; the P.uia-e, t,. Duw ti* wild one how

he ihi..ht romc oat ; and the Riiii r Ixfor lum being re-

moveet.J.e r a^iny |.,liowtii tiui other Elq hant to the EikI

ot the i'alhiti r. As lix>n ^ he came to tiie iMitiaiue ot the

little 1'addu.k, they ladmed him, by ij.e 1 lelp of llic

Kopej, to twoot the Lleplunts that ss.uted lor hr-n, .w.r

on each Si,'. Anotiicr marched Ixtore him, an.; i-ulhd

himalon;', by a Ko^k-, whd,- a Kiuth, that was behind,

thrulU.iin on, by ponung him ssuh his Head, till they

bought him to a i.re.t Toll, fucd hkf the Capftern of a

Ship : Tiic.'t flii> It It him till the next IXiy, to cool him-

Iclf ; and while hr was Mrmng round th.s I'lllar, came a

Jiratiman, di lied m wlntr, mounted 01 a tame I'lephai.t

wiio frcntjy fpn-kle.l l.im u:t!i a kind o: tonltcraicd Wa-

* JiurnalJa ! «!<»f# J, r,

ook I,

ter,f^uf of a gol.l W ll, j • l,y ^1,,^,, i:
I-.lephant IS deprived ot hm hreenels, and r" \ '?'*
Service, The D.iy loiluwing hr wu,t withtlic;;ft''^' '
a Fortniphl s I line wis (|iiite t.mie '. "•">*'» i.i

j. I'lie K'ephmt, tlu/ thL laijjeiUfall Be,ll, 1 r
them King twenty Ecet in Compaq is exireVvT'',^'
very indullri.,u5, and has Scnlc I,, nuieli llii>.:aor-',L'ft'I'
that It I. nr, m lome me.duie, x<> ^.y.^U i^'^''
fon. It IS very eettain, tlut tl„sCre.aure is unavi r

chli.y, de4w\tna■u^a^l(.r..,l,ude,aI,d? ' ^
degree, as to be extr. niely ..llhcted on the I oi's o'i' r
vernor: But tins PalTon iif sto a liirprilim;ll„ah. '..^
.ny Acci lent h injure, his Keep, r , ssh, h^.J^^^
out. when the Cuature is f iz.d widi t.iat kiid,t ■
syhuh i;i Species ,s luh^cc^. Ti,. U.mpa.rion a,' T
deinels ol us Nature appears j-, v.no . ; r . „iU "'
Ih- E:>:- ot Its C.m,.,.:,ii.ndiV,utstheKi<;;M,n,r;'l
thai, any thing i lor it is repoited, th.it it „n,r n^' t
a Lc one C hoiee. In tome Count i s th-y had a Culicni f
taking l.«-l'lunts by cii-^ging d.ep .'its, and ccv:^
them witii Hurdles, ifiov d with l.eavt?. IfatcTal-E
1 h.i. t l<heKl her V.,ui,g one thii.. c.iuglit.ftie woti.;! 1 .■''
heikh mtotiie lame I'l:, there to r. main, attleil •■•
ol her late .mil.ilniiy, |„ ., w. ,.j^ ihe n.'v.r "'r
doned ,t mail) l)ani;er, but wmild rath.r llirtVr lurk ■.■

•r i' /; .1" ''•"'"'« •' '*'""• ^' ^-'"'^^1 It -m"'^
Trunk, if the Kiver wx, lordai.Je ; b;:; if tacv wacolirj
to I, Sim, the yo,r g one palVcd full, b.ioreiiu- WaA^
railed by t!i, Intian.e „f ji, many Creatures of vail S;-
the I-.lc p.i.iiits going uiu d'y i„ .,„ ] i^^j jf _,j ^^'^
they louiid e.ne ol their ovsn .Sjh-cics wc;unileel in r^
W.kkIs, tiiey took all imaginal^Ie Carete. IlK.uiirn'-
licve It, by bringing Eoexl to the I'l.icc s^l.c.c i:!.;, ly
hkh Remedies as might contribeite to \u Cwre'l- j
fpite of all their Kmleawniis, it dn-el, thev tbu,.*: mcinV,
iiitirr anel cover it witii 1. aves, tiiat the 'llo.lv m: -ii: r"
be ixpoleil, and t(;rn to I'lects ! y wild IJealU'. °

VMicn they were t-mied, they were t.uiglit "to kn.tl i
tlic Apiroach of th-- King, as il tin y in< ant to ae'.orc «,
alter the lalliie.n ol tiie Lall. Some I'rinces l,.idr>/i
than twduy of them I elongiiig to their p:iv..tiL"lt,wL'.,
m tl.ir Tuin-, did Duty Ufrc tluir lents, ai.l in n-;
ot Battle def.iieled them ssitli the utnu.|l ZeJ. Aii:.-.;
W iit.rs ol the Lite ot .l/:\a>iJ:r agree, tli.it the Eltp.'i-.i
on which Porui was niouiittd, took incredible Cjrei:;a:
I'linee, 1 King him lately d.iw-i wlicn Ir: w.ei woueicj,
drawing the Darts out oi his B.<iy\sith its Irwik; i-;
then, t; r.tly leplacing him in his .Seat, c.irrieJ li.m i:;:v
bick to his C'liait.rs. ihv R a !er will nbicrv., t.'u:w'-
do nut elihv.r tliele Fadh as eitlier Certain or creeJiblc: \V'
mention tliein only as related by antieiit Aiitlwrs, r:
leave the rcll to hu own Jud;;.iiei.t.

f.liM, in his Ilitlory of .Ximii.ils, tnentior.s llvrJ
tilings very curious aiul lemaika' le .is to tliel'e Lr.at-;;.;:
n t'Us us, with rif,.cct to til ir Fi.lelitv, t.'ia: a yj.:,
Inl,in Lord, having cau;;ht a Imail white Eleiilur.t, Wu':^.r.
It up w.th theutmoll Itneleriuls, and w.istxccidud) Ik-
loveel by that Animal. The King of the Louiitry, Iu»i:s;
a very txtraordir.ary Account ot the Beauty an.i Dixlity
ot t!ie Bealt, demaneifel it liom Its Mailer tor h.s o«3
I le i ! ut the yuiing I (,id not being able to [-art »:th::,
< iiole ratht r te) lly v, the Mouiitai-is. I le was puilliftil'a-
tier by tiic King's Orelers, wheie, fom t'le Top ut i
K«xk, he for a lonjr time defciubel himfelf, by thro* .'J
Stones, in which he was pertcclly well leconJcvi i y '^
l-.lephant i l)ut at lall the .Sol iiers g'tting up, Jui i'-
young Man Ixuif, mueli wound. d, the Lie phii.t was 1.::
uloiic lolultaiii the Combat -, wlien lire, rulliinj^'urio-jV'-i
her laiemic', thiesv tome of tl.em over thei'iccipieei i.'..
having put the reft to Flignt, ri turned, took up ■"-•
wounded Mailer, and (ariieel him oil'. What a Rep:
continues that Naturalill, is the Fidelity ot tins Bt..:.
the Ingratitude of lejiiu- Men, who, h.ivmgrcc-iv:-: -■■
manner ot Favours ami .Sup|iort from otiieis, k-ivei''"'
at lall, to iMTifli under Misfortunes, or, pci.'iap'. t>J'''J'"'
plete thtir Fortunes, aflill in thcjr Ki.in ' '

ilijt. m: ', iii.

PSllhjhul. i'li. II.

J:)<».

.t.

.■,i.

• .1:,ui Hi,!. Aiimu! i)t i\ i ?•

III. )- 40

r..i-'

Chap. IT.

f)f the T A S T r N D I E S.

4^1

II-...)

"'v.M/v/'tc'H "' fomcthing of tliclikf Kind, tlmt hap-
rcinlatthi' Tinu' tlu-City (.f^'/rifw w.is i.ikcii I')- .s'ninn,
\]\rrlus: ASoUrnrot liis, muunt.\l on i\n I'lc iili.int,
' r rcffivcd a il.in;;< rolls Woiiiul, till Irciin hi-. Jl.uU
i'ln, Oroiiml. 'llic Crc.iriiri', ll-nlililfofihc Aniiluit,
I i'tT..I "''> *"' 'If""'' •'" ''^'^ ^^■'■^' 'i'""!' I'iii'% iill I"'
I 'n.l 111'' M'''^*'' i '*"■' ''^''" '''^"'^ '""' •;' "''y "I "" '''t
I- irct:'i th, aiul, rctumin;'; to the i'l.'.w by \siiuh tlu'y li.i>l
ititul, owiturnal, without Miixy, aK ili.it lino. 1 ii\ hit

^^ •'*' *• ^ 111 ...

But it'ihfit Crratnrcs were vaUuMc, on aorount of tiicr

. :,.: (y aiul 'Iraiiul'lrncf*, tluy were no Ids l.ivunMf

h ihiirC'iHir.igi- nnil Strtnp.th : 'I'hry wire ilili ij>liniil lof

\\ar, .ind pl.urii ritlKT in tin- Fronr, or in one el the

',, \ 111 .1 Rfiural l''.n;!;.i;;(iin.nti and as Ibun as ihi-

s r, 1 was !;ivtn, titli(r by tlic Sound ot I'ri^inpits, orliy

t ■ .Sr'lit ot IJIodd, top winch !'.lqih,»nts have a naunal

\blioncna', tlify uiHied on the I'.ncmy with incrt'dilili'

V;(.'-.ncc, (.v.rturniii'; whole Battalions, and Ipn adinj.;

'Iiiiiir, Coiiliifion, and Death, where-cvir iluy lanv.

1,1. Saull .ml l-ry of the T'.lephants w.ls eix.Tgh to dil-

J. 'f the Fr.cniits Cavalry from ai'lin;;, tlu' hi it jliijis

I'yinK'in 'li'i'' Ap) roach, and running'; out ot tlic I'ii Id, in

tj:;t ot all tiutcoulil be done to fell rain tliini, Cttf.iv h.ui

bi.; ore m his Army, and yet ir proved fui'lcient lo pro-

cii;i- him Victory ovt r the (.iauls ".

Ihc IT^' ot th, ie Creatures in War w.is coninioii

amwmll tlie I'trjiam and ihcSyrinns; and it was Imm

trill ihcRonidiis learned the L.'lc of thiiii, wlii. h tluy ^^^^

novnl viry much. .Sometimes they did nut mil iiiIik ly

ID the Foicl- ot the I'.lephants, but erected Towers upon

t ,:'.r llaiks 1 trom whence their Archers thin^ht with I'li-.it

Arivjntagc. Antioihus Eiipator ', whm he invaded Jn

etiy hatl thirty luch Kl-phants in his Army, on caih ot

\ .'i.h thirtvtwo Mm fought in a Tower •, while an ln,ii,iii

w .1 ut hctiire, roiulufted the l-'.lepliar.t.

Tii: /';j;,7<.'j tlumlilvfs, ufed them in (omewhat a ilil''

f rent manner, and, perhaps, with greater Advani.avs th.in

l!; rNatuinsi tor they made them always the lirll lane

o: t:i: Army, their Foot licing drawn uj) behiiid them, an

ui:'.;'y Wire iiirreiiched. There was a Spaee ot aliout one

!;;:;•.. ri'il Yaid'i I ft, from one F.lephant lo aiiMther, thro'

\M.i litiicir liilaiuiy might fifely advame, and retire; Hut

r w.is impollible tor the F'.nemy to p< nctrate ilno' ihole

liifrvalj, 111 ordei to bigin the Attack. Tlie I'.lepIiantH

d Porus, to the Nuin(x;r ot' two hundred, weie thus

W':;~-\ in tlii: front Line, when he w.is att.ickeil by ./.V.v-

(:r.:.rtlicCireat : And it was owinj; to the long Spi-ars of

I,".; MactJrihiKS, and to the invincible .Strenp.th of tlinr

I'iiilinx, t.iat tiie I'.lejihaiits could not bear them down ;

wmehileLKledthe late of tiie Day : F'or the In.luiiif, lieinp,

i.fpiritul ,it a Sight which they had mvcr Ix-held be tori ,

k.;iiiro think theic People were invincible i and, thereluri",

tiii.ld not he brouglit to return again to the Chaip/, any

r';rcth.in the F.lep!i,ints ; fur it is the N.nture of (hel'e

(-i.itiires, when once beaten, to turn upon tliole beliind

t;v:ii -.

.:. The R'Mm i'rcqucntly producid (hem in .Shews,

jnl on thur A.nphither.tres. It was in the Year n , :,

ircrthe kiilding tlut Ciiy, tli.at this SpeChiele appeared li>r

';ii' lull tune. They were tlien oppoli.l to l!ii!|. , lut

brought to fight v.ith Mm. \\ .. ii

■ ' , F nni'

I ^niis. he exliil^itrd twcntv 1. li-nli:i!irs. whieh w'l

i.'vwere aiterwarils
■'':'''..Vv, in his I'eeoiKi Conliilfhi]
niis, he exhit'ited twenty 1

, inu:e.iti\l th
leph.iiits, which w'ne lo
i^lit ai^aiiill a I'roop of Cdulians, who were .i I'eople ot
.!''.'i-a, equally remarkable for their natur.il Cour.igi , ami
' '■ t!;.ir military .Skill. 'Fhis Combat was very iinp.u-
■'. aiulmade a p rear ImprrHion upon the l\ople ; lor
''.•■(■(Jl the b.liplunts, Ixing fb wouiuled in the l-'cre-fei t,
'■■It he could hardly Hand, tell upon his Kiuvs ; .iiul, luii
'i',.;in ujiun the (ictuliaiis, tore from them tluir Sliulds,
^'■:,iih he threw into the Air with incredible .\j',ility aiul
•-■;nl^; l() that they nil down, without liurtii g any of
t^'C ^^x■cUtor^. Another F.lephant was in this I'lglit killed
^■■:i'!',ht, by .111 Ariow which flruck thr.aigh his I ye mio
'■ liram: 'ihc Llephaius, at thi.s Sight, endui\ouied to

liiirll through \ Imt, being repiilfed, tlicy fermcd, with
li'avy Moanings, tu bcleech the Pity oi the People j who
wi le fo much alfciJted therewith, tint, forgetting the Uc-
flieililiie to Pcmpcy, they big.m tocuilt him, ami to with
all thole Milihicfs might light upon his I Fad, which foon
alhr lell upmi hiin '. Ijiit this did not hinder Cxfr the
Di. laiiir tioin exhibiting am-ther Shew ot F.lepha:its,
when he broil, ',ht forth twenty, whiih weit oppolld to live
hundred Foot: And, finding th.it the People wers ex-
trmi 'ly pl'.ifed with it, he again cxhi'iited twenty EL*
phants, with Towers upon their Uackb-, in each ot whicli
were lixiy Dd'end.ant.s : And to tlufe, he ojipuled not only
live hundred I'oot, but as many lloil;:. Ihc Ltnpcrori
(.V.(,v,//«( and A'lVj caul'ed linglc Elephants to fight with
ixpeneiued I eiu ers -, with which the Roman People were
ixceediiipjy di lighted.

It is to be obfeivcd, that, with all their Force, the

I''.li pli.mts arc tar from being cruel ; Ii) that, unlets they

are piovoi.ed, they never coniinit any Violence. We aie

toKl a very rem.nk.ible I'alF.ige, in Support of this natural

Clemency of ilitl'e Creatuies, which is this: A ctrtaiii

King, whole N.une was i<ff.v/j«f, havirr.^ dellined thirty

P. I loir, who luid offended him, to be torn to Pieces by

I'lipli.iiiis, they were tied to lb many Polls, and the Hlc-

phants tinned loofe u[^on them, witli Soldiers b.iiind, whu

pill kid and pufhcd them forw.ud, inordvrti) put them in

a Kip,'-; Wliiih, at fall, they did, but to their own De-

lliui'lioiii lor, irllead of attacking the naked anddctence-

h Is Men, they fell upon thole who injured them •, unci

could not, by any means, be rendered die Intlrumenti of

I Ins Monaivh's Cruelty. It is further affertcd, tint, in

pallini', through a Flock of Sheep, they lepar.ite thjm into

two Fm.s, with their Trunks, that tluy may match

throU|',li, without treading or trampling upon them.

h IS liom Pliny alto, wc learn, tlia: a certain nobis Ro'
Vi.:<i^ whole Name was Mutianus, who lia.l b.en three
timts Coi.ful, taught an FTphant the Knowledge of the
(irftk Alphabet •, in which, it is li»id, he wrote th.fe
Words liy placing the Letters in their proper Order, vtz.
H'is I i<rot,; (I'll dtdicdted tht Celtic Sfcili. Anotlier
gave a manifill Proof of' Memory, by pcrtorming in the
Klornm;',, pirtccUy, certain Leilon?, wuich he had been
bi at tor not ]:ertorming over Night. A.motl every
F'.li ph.ini undcfllands fo much of ihe InJLn F.anguage as
loiKirns hull, or he hears from las Keeper i ai.d to geiitL-
they are, that a Child of twelve or thirteen Years old
m.iy mount and guide them as he p'.eaFs.

As extraoidiiury as tliele Stories may feem, one niighc
W almolt tempted to believe them, conlideringth.ic .•.■>>/.!?/,
the iiK.ll liiicere, the lead credulous, and, by tar, the moll
aiilheiiin SN'iiter of the Life of AUxciuur the Gre.it, gives
lis the following Story, of his own knowledge ' : 1 ha\e
iten, fays he, an F'.lq)h.int, that h.id two Cymbals failer.ed
to lis For. ligs, upon winch it beat, or pLiyed, a rsgular
Air, with Its Frunk 1 v. hile otlurs danced about ir, with
their .Steps m.iking a ie{^'ul.ir Cidence. Yet this Animal,
tts p.mili and as quiit a:, he llcins to be, gives fomctimcs
IVools of his Mimory, by revtngi;ig the injuiics he re-
ceives, ,it tome Dillance ol 1 imc. One Ir.llance of which
wp h.ive, from an eminent Writer of the lall Age ' •, and
this too, ot his own Knowledge : Flc wa<; at Macajfar,
in the Year K'^Si and there l.iw the King's Eieplian:
pall'ini', quietly along, with his Driver upon his Back : liut,
I'.ioii at.er, lie returned alone ; which lurprifng the
Comp.iny, they b.g.ui to inquire how it luippcne.:, and
were told, th.it, the Day before, his Keeper lud a Cocoa-
nut given him, which he threw twice'..: the Elephant's
1 li ,id, with all his Force, in order to break it -, and, goirg
into the 'Fown, when they law him pals by, it fo hap-
pmid, tint limie People were leliing Cocoa-nuts in the
."'treet •, anil as loon as the Elcphat.t had Sight of them, he
liiatclird ore out of the Bafliet with his Trunk, and beat it
lo piecis about his KiJ.er's Head ; by whiJi he killed hiin
on the Spot, l his, lays my RevcunJ Author, came of
ielling with Elephants.

i'.'j.'jrr/.. I, P^nlo.
■^■< A.,f. //,// ,',4. vui.

«./. <i.

« .\...i*'i;/.".- ilif.orj' of Ci'ii.ii, J>ei* »l. ur-f.

SiiJ. P March.

'Hv' I' ' I' ■ .1 i

ilM'-!;i::

1 'i 'K 'A 1

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iiiL.M!'' L ,1- .;J '.

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it\ '

*i!LI

462. The DilVovcry, vScttknicMir, and Commerce EcH)kj,

#■■■■'

|;lilir

.■Vt th« ScUon of till- Year, whi. h i» tin ir Ruttiiis lirtu-,
in till- Wools, till rici'lunts ar;- apt tii lie luiu.un .uu!
tlun. frnm l> uij: tlw inilik-ll, lu' I nom.s tlu- nuiUeft iiiil
iDDil milihuvi.ii. i.fall C'rratun-, ki'Xnn anytlat ionic lu
hi-. Way, tv.n Huh as he hail Uluifthc •.-.riMttll Allu'lioii
fiiri aiul, wiicii hrn-tiiriiMo hiMilaal li iiipir, v.ill fnim--
limts gii.vc himUlt to Prat'i tor th<' I ^.I's I'l ilu'in. This
iii, ccnain'y, a very rvmarkalilc Inllincj of thur Scnir.
and of t!.(ir Ci miMllion. I li^re arc, liowtvir, niu.ii
liii^hirViriiKhaliiixil to them ly /Vir, wlio.iflu;s ir,
tliatthi y ^iv;- vil.hh- M.irks of th/ir n ligiou* .S^- tur.cntv,
h)- wi.r.'lii;', iin; ''•■'• Mi'"n, an-i I'y toirsv; up liiTh. aiui
Ixavis tow.ir>i'i 1 Icivi n, when tiu) I. • li>k in t!ic WcxuU,
a^ if thrv n'.ant t>) iniplon- Mercy anil l*rrti\-t;<in. Th:i
is ftraim!'<-;ihin^;U>f\o:ul .il! B.u:.il>, arul hurls tlicCralit
«if a'l i\w v.thcr I ai'l.' Iv- rd.ift^ -, b.it it nuill Ik- rc.nli.l. :cJ,
that r/»«v ijuvr.i!i)' (xhaulls his SuhiiLts -, anJ, that lie
iiiiy not IV. m ir;aijran' of any thin;;, iclatcn wluuvcr ia:iie
fo fiin Knowle.lp,-, wh'hr [iroKiblc nr not. Yit st mull
b<- allow fil, itut AVn IS not thi- only Ai t!;or wlm Iju-.iks
of t!u- Riligion of i {(['hams i the Mcbammi\lMS arc lully

fieifuaiiitl ol i' i an^l alfiire us t'n' >t was owmt; to the
'kty ot an I'.l I'hanr, that the I'mpk-of .l/ccfjwas once
Irft llan>h; j; ■ .iih! tli.it, fi« in this IMij'hant, (itlurs ol a hkc
Natiirr arc vl'-lcinilfil, .iswi!! Ik h nat.cr fun.

-,. But th:rf n another Vutuc yet uniiui\ti<'neJ, which,
if \vc niay altoril any Cra!it to Antiquity, ji.llly nunts
our \ imiratic . -, an! rhi". is the ? lovli lly ot tiic Llcjihant :
And, in rrp,aid to tlus, ahnt.ft all \\ ritirs arc agrirt',
trciu whom wc h.ivc ai.y ",i(ount ol ;liis Animal, or its
Nanirc '. It is lilivsifc .iniricil, that the I'.Ui'liai t h.is a
t^atuial AMmimiK lur Adultiry •, ol'wi.uh many cxtraor-
dii'..!iy Lrtanc—; arc i;iv(n, |>artai'arly tlule.

An In.Uan, wiio was t;rt)wn wrary ol his old Wifo, killed
her •, r.rd, fnnin .d ihs Darbaiovi' 1\k\, huutil hn Hti ly in
the .StaMc of M I.l piiant. A low Days aftir, the l-'-ki'lunt,
rain}- a n'w MillrUs a!)OUt the Houfc, t.iuk Ixr;- 1 dy
I7 the Ann witli !ii'. 'I ru!ik, and Icil her to tlic I'l.uc
s\:i;re !i:r IVcthuffir was ir.t rrtd. J lavini; ojMncd the
Ciiavc wiih ins Tiun!., .u.d ixpoftd the Hoily ot iiis de-
lealid Mi('rt:s to h'-r Vi'. w, ;>> ii he intended to acijuaint
lur ilterri y sMth the Oanr/r fhi- vasin, Jr.- then prrtmttul
her to di an '.

Anotlicr t.lcpl.r.n^. in the la e Cuiniry, ki!Ii d the
\Vit"((t his Matter u-.rh l.tr rasam. jur, a. a Tcllimoi.y
of his Fidelity. .'Xtul It Ii la: i, tlut, in t'.e Ivei^;!! ot
T:lUi l'fj'fa/i:in, it ss'.i* a known Thing to all Rune, th.it
an I'lepli.int cfVirid his Mirtrels an. I ner l.ovcr with a
Garm. nt, m if hy tliat Ailion he meant to have tauyiit
ti.em nvue M(Hl.l\y, at kail, in his rrefencc".

As to ihef. I-'acts, tley irull rell uiv,n the Autlioiiiy of
thefj Autliori, svho re-late tlum: Hut, wiih ufjta to f nie
Ojiinions ihat •«ir,r cr.tat.iined by the .\ntieiits, witli ngaid
to this AMnial, they w re not 01. ly iniorobabli, but taiii- :
A^ tor Irftanre, tliat this Creature h*J no Joi.'.is, and
tlitritore flej t Handing; wlutli is not only alUrt ,; by
Jrifiotic, l>ut alio by DicJcriii .S'uulii', Slniic, and otl.cr
Auil.ui*. though a' liilur' iy inr. in (MtiMe witli their Miction
In tV- \No'x's wlikh 1. allv-wid to N-- viry iimik , and
tiieir v.-a'kinj^ ' n Ho} i s in |iuhlie bliews, whilh is allirnv d
by Sufl.nitis m tli L.ives ot AV/o and CiiHti. It was alio
a.-i old Ojiinion, prob.ibly before l-.l.-pliant* were brought
r.to the Will, il'.at th-j lv.,ry t.hry j-rodured was tluir
1 loins. Pliny, anving other flianji' Thii.^-, he relate, of
f!\ein, alTerts, tliatth-re i>, noihint; teriiiies them more
than the (.Jruntin^ of I logs ; wliere.is it i-, leiMi.i, th;',t in
f!ie Wo. Is of ,Vf«,'.w.»r they tad \sith, and live eoiillaiitly
in t!ic Comj-aiiy ot Swire '.

Rut, pdiups there r, nothinp; ftrar.ger among the Stories
to! i oi them, than fh.it which .Sir 'l'l'otii<:i llrcvn, who
lia,. taken nuith I'^ins to retut. odierMilUlus about ilum,

1- hiiiililf iiulindl to lnhiv: pofTib'e ( wl.iili „_ ,1 ,
iniy lH-faui!;ht loljifaki torwh.ch U> aii'i.n, n^'.u' '
hrl^, the .\thnityot Kr.owle;lRc ,., ili,. Anmir?]'
text, tiie l-itmS «;i Its Urgans t. r t'ut IWu- ,,, ,
v.imit he rc-afun- lhu» : ; inte liro.ut ,1 i.l ilmli (.U,
ra;u;nd in Hirds that ip. ait ; lime l., .. ai,,! r.^.r"'
a.l I Orleans ot Sj u-ch, ilwie '» a | .iisieuLir Adv.u: -^
Qiauopcilt, aiui a I'roxumy uj Kulon m i-|!,t^
and Ai s above iln m all . .>'ui!i .re t),,. Sntm; IS
tlui. Katned Man i wliuli turticutHl) l!i.-tt, that it . v
difluult Thine i->a(1ign the ttunds,,! ( lei'ib.liiv'j.' l''
rrtd.b.iifs, wlKiione, wlio, m other tain, rdukst hi
boiij-.d ..l.noH by any Authority, is yt iiitlin«,l to Ih.
t!.er(ot in fucli .n\ liillaiKe as this,

( . it ilo.snot apr it \'w\ any Writer of Ar,t/ci;ity bv
wli.it N.uiic tilt Kliphaut was caiLl 111 liic l.ai,'.ui. Jf
t!ic hultMS i hut wc know ihat in .kdit \k!\ niu-
ulc < I /';/ to fi^nify tins Aninial, whuh is pr.'.i.'.Mvi'..
rivcil lit in tlie Vnfh Word /';/, wlmli, m the •iJ,,',,'*
of the old Inh.ibiianis ot P'r/t.i, l:^',luii. 5 .m L'.W.i'."
And hei ce the articnt l-.i!nili(l I'im-av. whole WorkVir:
f) famous thioup,hout t!ie l-.atl, lUriVid his N;mc, wh;tii
implies an I-'-hj h.int'.s I'oot, ami, p iha^n, ^u give,
him oil .icvount ot his havin.- a fwtllni l.enijr loot;ai
thire IS a I).l(.ife in t.v\fi, cdl ,1 /..V// ,■,: , b,c'ut
lie I'.iiients 1 ig. fwtlMii, a<. t, rcil.:i.l), .. , ■ .r.i'iin
Si/e and .SdlVi tl Ateoidin;; m the ^>.ll^ 'jl iLllunarj,
htijout, one 01 the Kings . it P/iJi,;, ,,1 iIk unl Dv!
i,.illy, was the original 1 am.r ol l-kpijntJ; btt tiiij
mull Oe undciiliMKi ot tlic I Jle of Kkpiiants in tlv! Km".
iloin: l-'oi, a, to t.e taming them m /•/</,!/, wo It.J it at-
iiibiitid, by all .\i.thi.rs, to iln. ///..•/.<« A'o, aj, thit 1?,
to the moll antiiiit iMoiuieh ui thai Counuv, uiniwhou
iookid upon a.s the Author ot'civij Smiciy aif) ; Whra;
it is tvidtnt, that ihc I le ol l-.liph.uit.s is a* oli! in i.'ifl
Country as Oovtrnncnt itfill ',

it was lor tills Kca.oii ilut t'uy had aUs.iys tiiurr, iri
k-tttr ililiipliiied I'.Kpluiif^ ^n tlmr Setvi.e, ih.in a.iy c;
the I'rii.io ot the l.all ,,fi that wiaii tlir .\kLimKi;;%
Sultan bteame povvulul in \^;.:.''.-.j and iVi/j, tky i^-
pofed upeii tile Kings ot tlje Iitdits a Tiiburt ul Kit-
phanis, i,i whuh ihty imitated die I'oliry ul the 0>«ij
and Riinuns, and with the, rime Suci el's i h-r, by tht
Milp «f li.tf r.'c, ha-iis, th.ir 'Annies bccaiir (Xifiiicy
terrible to o;her N.iiains \ thouj^h, trciii ih- y(Uiik
l>il|'litiin ot the Indian I'm us, they r-.a^i. iw gr:;;
Iij.ure in that Country where they wer.' I'rcil. Aslin.•.U^
bj>hm<lini Were, originally, a I'toplc oi very f,'-jls ton-
leptiors, lb, wlien they w m- intornuel, tliat . rriin
i'rovii.ies of the IndiiS the l'.lepi,aiits w.-re i" l*'jn*l
to kneel, tliey, Ironi tin nee, i-ntett' ned the U:i r .* ".'n
wliieh the /\ati<i.ts li.ul done, r-;z. tliit th-.le Creat.:;.' r.J
ItJtiu Notions ot Kdigioiii ami, iheretorc, iii t.if I «
ol il. llig)ra ^'■'.j, Sulian MiUmouii, who ssus Airi'i:.:
the Dynally ot the (iuzntviJfs, maeie War upn.;' ■•■
<^/rt« I'rinee in tasuur ot tiiele .\/;r;//w<j«., .iiiti tei;;: : ••
his lJ<.mii;io:,s '.

It is relati.d, by many j;ieat Authors, .is a \Ua r.ut 10
U- I'ltpuu'd, tiiat the Imiiuiu ImIk ve the (ilwue ol th;
Woild r, lupjM.rted by a great Mephant ; w;ii,h v.-ryiru-
Lvi' ly t(,..L Kite Item a I'rovub 01 theirs to that l'ur|<jlf,
whieh eertaiiily iiuaiit no nioie, tl an liiat die l'o«tr, and
perliaj/i the Cciiimeiee, ol tlieii Country diperAe, iiw
gr. ,it meal'ure, up'On [".Icplunts ; wIikIi, Ikihii; C)[(ri!I "
iiui.iphorieally, gave Rile lo the upbiaioiiif', tlicMi wit.nn-
Uehet ol thii l.ible. In this idpeit, imlceel, I lu>;
oltin lufpeiJled, thai, when we deiiele the 1 ully aii^' -'''-
puliiy of tjie ILiUerii Nations, lor giving into U^\ li'^;-
tulous Oi'iiiiejiis, it is very iloubitui at k.iH, e>ii «.iis*i
.Side till I;rnoi anee lit:. 1 for very < tt^n we niilhike F-b.ii^
l-'aef, aiKl afaibe to tlicm, a:, ilieii ic.ii baitimce.b, wu:

• Tht'. \'ittuc in tlif ri.-. I.ant \\ l.irgi-Iy infiftn! on l.y yf"/„;» Jr .■/•lim.u'hi, /.•* vlii f.'/> I r lull, lur fume pat;., ul il KiMi"'"". I 'liuie '■' V
the Fi.lt};t in lulii i\rmrilmcJum mtil,r»ii f i.-fhirti fuat IdUimi oniinxi-t, ixfluuie ,.ivrnii. A ij;iliit ul >*'i' iKf-.tn^'la lili^m ,.■ . '■
/«-/ uHijunm f .:n "fjur ti ,iu; fi jIi, viui, niijur inmii lu/iivt, iiJrlatim if em ci,m /.rmma /.inutt li>t l.m^i.,in ^fiiiii Jki^'j/'vi ,.'.i'.
hhiii ficitandii dam rfnttm ; /■. hi, )uafl,ifi ul nt dt)„u,i, icmj.'rjiu ii,'iinii lunr^mtm ; S,^»t iJ Uni ft.,^u..m iimil ii •ill", w' M.i""' '
tem/'it ^kum If initi fanntna- fuliunlui . I'l „ulim ijui .^ut tot urn t'orrin implfi, -il, ►un r.,n ..»i/.Vn mliijit. .-t/t'lf /■"> ''• (•'''■" ■' '■■■"■'"'
i,, >,« .tri.'./, Iij l..t.l.-.ti,, ,iHl HI, ,/! a,i,i,rtl d.n^ai C /ttjtral., c,,:i/l,,iil, uul in .i,i,.ie.,»l .'j.i.'« ^ Jxi/nnJum. •" • .^..-.'Sf.! ul iV""". "'
di'l fUr di lt,fl,.l,,,n, l,„}„.,;l,.i. >' A-:!iar, 1,1 xi. (nf. 15, ' Id.m ll'iJ. ■' •■'■•.' <" '""" •''"" ''' '

/'/. Vriyig,-* in pciiirai Jl(. It Ihi-ir living wi:h 'Jrtiiic. * ii, tun i\ ^i.^'. l-'iOi', ilit< '''■■•'• '

'iV <.«',/<i. -.v. .l,r;uii. in 1,J,,,.. '^ U Utili:.! ll,lMil.,ji,tO,iir.iuli, ( ;^.^.

Ckip. i^-

of i/jc Fast I n n i v. s.

4^i

j,,n,i>vir' t!i.in'''C '•?">' oi" Sluiilows '■' r'lcmj whirh
„' jilUi rtil()n.il»l.', J' It. upon rculiiig '€/'/% Fublis ui
(,,■'■!; wliicli, f'y t ic w.iy, is only a Tranllaiiim of iJm
(LI I'r/iiii Writer Ael-m./w, wc IhouM rcproicli tlirGreekj
»ir!, thnr Foil/, in IkIk v.ng tlut Uin'-s touKI arKuc, or
g^jd, liokl .1 CiiiiviTratiiin. It was, in .ill Ars, .iiul is to
lb P.IV, ilu- Ciillum ol the oriint.il Nitioir., to wr.ip t:p
all til' ir VVildoni, <itheT in flioit Scntcnc s or I'rovcrUs, <,r
in AlkKuriii ami I'.ual'Iesi wliiili it, l(;r w.int of futH-
(i. ii: Iiili>rniiii "'. w- caniw)i: ptTic-rtly iindcrll.uul, it ilocs
p,,t|)Ilow, eii K-r t!ut thcfc I'copic btlitvc- tht-fo Stornit
I.I .lily, or till' ''i-y "i''y nut coucli umlcr tluni 'I'luiiis
0. viiy i;rcat inip'ntintc.

It iiiiiit .It t ic laiiu- time licronfclliil, tli.it tin- Monarrhs
(t tlu' W""' !<imitinus c,;iry tluir I'aij'on Inr fiip-
poriiiii; .!■ -I giving Crvilit ro ihcfi; Si)rt ot l''al)ks, to a
v-ry prtat 1 i ight ; o( whiih wi. have ati Inliancc, in rc-
cirJ 10 till .'\nimjl now unJir our tonrjilciatioii i an
1 li'han', I'-rf' ily whit?, is in itf If a great Curiofuy, and
ihiri'torc w irtliv ' f l>ii:'.R ptTLTViii, with p.( nliar Laio, in

the^iahlcsdKui., ;
th'T I an J, as thf Ki
In'low, very lout.', a )•.
'gutter ot till' \\'o:r
till- I'ollKTion of wl

but this I'oint is carricvl nuu h t ir-
.uVt v.ill f«-;, 111 furriL* Vi;y.ig s lii.^t
i.oody Wars hav ■ lu;)pcnitl in this
on account of th • "rhiie ELpham,
.h IS ellecmed ol r > ^rc.\t Lonli.:-
nicncc, tli.it it limis I'l.uc anion^ll, (-r, (Jtl.' .-wile, conies
,i't thf Km! ol a I'rincc's Title* '. In order to .i- ( ount Ibr
("<;, \vr arrtiilJ, liy (ii..h as hive in(iuii\.d ve dili^^ently
ir'.ithf Matt r, th.it tlu' high i'lU-eiu tii<- liiJLi/is luvc
for a white h.k'pliant, is }.;r'>uiuUil on a I-'able relate<l of
Fet,thrj {'riiicipal Idol, who is the fame ^ith Cbaca, Saca,
or Xiica, as he is (ailed liy the "Juppenffi, .md a.-mit whom
tilt iv-iofs till a tlumfiiul i.npertiiKiit .St.;ries. i luy fay,
thitlic w.is bora ri'^jht Inindred tunes, in ditTrfnt Species,
(xloff H, was burn of a Woman •, and th.u, -.hen he was
born of h ', hi' ilVutd t!iri;ujjh his Mother's Sides, tlirji._,h
whiili I..' {gnawed witli his I'eeth. The Truth i.s, Xaca
WIS .1 .Vi|.i,iller, who perfuaiied People ot .iny tliinj; he
plcafi. 1 ; his Mother, btiry big of h:m, dreamt, that a
»l-.t:F.I:plu:u ilUi.-d throii;^h lur Mniiili : Ib-i.te it is,
t'iat.vhiir I"'lri'h.i:iis are hel.l in Veneration in India, Chi>iti,
Tmuit, .'^.'.'w, and ri-^'w, where they are li.ived in t.iold-
p'at-. i and .N'oblun;!!, ol" |:,r(at Dillii'.euon, vilit tlum in
great CroiiJs, .ind piy to them the fame lloiioiir as to
Km^i *. Yet a Man would be exce.dii'.g'y inillak n, who
ftoul.l from hrncc eomcive, tli.it tliefe .^turies are really
btlicviii by Kings ; the contr.ry ot which is fo true, that
lilt /y?«r'.(tiicmklvcs inak. noUiiF.culry ot aiknowlalgin^,
tn.my iniiliigtnt I'trf'n, th.ii talks to them on tiu. .Subjeet,
tliatall tliele are Fable>, inver.ti.d at Plealure ', lervc oi.ly
Maanife the coninion IVople, and keep tlum from pryni^;
!"i wliat their tia-a-, do n^t thmk it tit tor ilum to
i;!'.,!crllaml.

" It is row time to leave the F.lepl.int ; with rtfpcct
tMvlich, hiiwevir, it wi.uki be very eafy t.i aliemble twice
ainujiy cuiiiHis RcUtior. : But, bcfoie'we quit it, it will
WT Ih- .mills to give thj Kead.er a li w I'aituulars alx.ut
this wondirtnl Creature, which m.ay be I'.ependcd upon,
ai.l krvc, in many rel'pirts, to fettle his Opinion with
i^v'irrf t» the Fu.-is Ivfor. nlate.!. The l.ir|;ed and linelt
F.-p,Hans ill th World are tholl o! the li'aiid of Crt'/i« ;
KXt to th-ni, thiile of the Continent ul LiJui ; 'and,
hlliy, the Ikpliant of J/rica. i he Moois, who deal in
nk Crf4tur(s, tliroughout all the Junius, iiavc a lixed
hxf for them, if lound and !lr :ng. 1 hey inealUre from
liif Niil oa one of his tore feet, to ihe Top ot his
Shoulder i and, tor eviry Cul;it he is hi^h, they give a
thoiilar.d I'ardoes, whiih is in our ,Mi nev, about loo/.
An IJq lum (.1 ih,. largell .Si/,e, is nine Cubits, or tlurteen
ffft and an li,ilf l.:;j,h ; fo tliat the largell Lleplwnt us worth
'■*iit t)r.o ,'. unlcl', he be ot the Ccykn liiecd, fur then he
willtct.h lour times th.it Sum'.

Ir.o l'":i;aI:K|.; h.uit g(jrs (i.\tren or ei;;htecn Months
«';tli her Youiigv \si.:ch, when brought lurth, i^as big as

^' burn,,l ,/,., ,■.■,,„„„ |„, yj^^ .^gg ^ |,,. i, //,■/,

'■ . i-i.wjT,, ^iiuiin,, mimnria i/ajtm. NaU iliii. li>. \m- wp- J.

a Calf: They arr lilty or fi.viv Year oKl Iv fore thry coin**
to tlRir lull StiLHKth, or ate fit to havt- Toweis u^hjII their
U.u:ks, or CoocIun KuIi a^ are uled in Co,bin-(.l>iiut, whtrc
I-.Itph.ints carry in inch Maehiii.s tw- Ive 1*. rmn?, befuf i
liiiu who rules the l'.leph.mf, and fits b tore uroii the
.Sh'ouldi.is, and a Boy, who l)tlo;i;^;s to him, .md lits upon
th I'.LpIunt's hi-uler I'.irts, and who, it the Ue-uhr
jileaks, may be ealkil th • Coaehman, ant I'ollilion '.
As to tl '• Age ol tlufe Creatures, nothing can l\ laid wrli
C'rrtainty. If WC ce.uld depend upon wh.it we are t'lk' by
l'h:!.jinitu!, in \wi\.A^ i>\ Jpr.,.^n:UfT_\a»tuu we llioulj
bJi;ve, that this jM eat Traveller (aw the very Elepiunt
U[(Ki which l\ius lod: id the IJatilc he touidit agiinlk
ylUxanlr the tux.it, with tv.'d | loops cf (<uld en hi«
Tieth, ii^.iifying, tliat ///ix./.Jtr, in KlUem of Ins bi-
tleiity, hao confei rated him to the Sun. At this rate, that
IT pliant mull liavc bien above four hundred Years of
Age '. Tli.it they liv. till between twoandthic- hundre.l
Yiars, IS not oiil_, rnriiied by the Ix I' Authors ol' Aiiti.
quity, I'lit alio by full as are bell U'. Mintid w:di theni
in the i'ulus •, and t.'mt they .re in li.il \'igo(a at much
abov/ a hundred, is very certainly known,

They feed, v, i n wild, upon (Irafs, or on thcgren
Boiighs of Trees-, when thry cannot get thefe, they will
1.1 Roots i il they can get in;o t.orn tu ' b, they commit
terrible K,iv..,/s : When tame tiiey wiil t.it almoll any
thing, but are paiticul.uly foml ot .Sinvir-ranes, or what-
evir life is Iwcit •, they will likewife Ciink Wine or Ale \
and it 18 obfeiv d, that, when th y drink Water, tl.ey fird
llir, aial make it thick, with their Feet : The Uealon ge-
nerally alligned for this is, that t'ley h.ite to tie their ov.n
Mgure in the Water, which is a mere Fancy j and tlietruc
Cauli, tlut the (iravil and linall Ston s which tliey Iwal-
1,)W by this Means may help to digell ilicir food ; whi.h
is lik' wile praitilld by t,<.A\; Ducks, and o:her Water-
fowl, but IS the more ncnliaiy to the Llepliant, bicaulu
tills Cr<ature is very iiuah tioubkd widi Indigellion, and
the Cohc.

'i"he tamous .Sir 'Thcmas Brcwn ccnfures the Aiitienti,
for llippoliiig that the l.'.lepliaiit flcpt ll.-.n.iing; and y^t the
Fait IS re .lily lo \ ami, which is more extruKidin.iry, they
fliik' their Heads (.ontiiiually whdethey fleep. itnTboiias
was Jiowevef, thus far tig it, that this d.ocs not pr.;c.ed
trom their being unable to lie down, beciufe in iM.ices
wlieic they are wild, the Print of tliciii is frequently \'n:n
upon the Oral's. In all I'.irts of India, but in (/'/>;.! tfpe-
ci.illy. tliey make ule ot almotl every I'.ir: of this Ai imal
ia Medicine. The Ihoili, made it its f Lih, is excellent tor
a Loofeiicl'. ; and tlie Flefli burned, becoiiies a ^'pecillc for
the Ihix ol L'rine. '] lie Gall is veiy good lor the Eyes \
and liy Humour ol' tlie Elephant's f'ye, mixed with
Breall iialk, is alio held a moll ixeellent Ophthaln..:.
'I'hey iikewife Ule the I .all to take aw.iy an oirenlive
1-Sii.itli. A I'ow.ier, ma.ie ot the Allies ct the Skin,
biirnr, .md mixed with Oil, is m excillent Ball'am for
gii.n \\ Miinds ; and the Bi ne, at the fit of the Stom.uli,
powilered, lb .1 noble Stoma hie. I ihall Ipeak, in another
1'l.ice, ol the L'fe and \'alue of the Elephants Teeth ; but
It may not be amifs to obl'erve here, thar, in the Indies,
tli-.y reckon tln\e Sorts ot Ivoiy •, tb.e bell, that which ii
t.iken out of the Mouth ot the Hialt, immediately alter it
is killed 1 the fecond Sort, when the feetli are taken out
ol the {[ii.\\.\ of an Elephant that has di-d a natural De.tli ;
and the thinl or worll Sort, what is found in the Woods,
where the Elephants have Ihed or loll their Teeth. The
J'aceof an b'.lephant is equal in Speed to that of a Horte on
full Tiot, ami they will travel at this Rate lom.l lours. Tiie
moil lautkius of our modun 'I'lavellcis juilily to the full
what Pi.ny '■ fays of tliis Creature, ami w!i.;t Ciaro h.ui
liiid bdore him ", that no Animal I'eems to approach, by
Us Actions, lb near to the Reafoii of Man, as this.

>S. Tlie Rhinoceros, next tothcElep'.ant, has been always
cflediud the moft extraordinary Aninial in the Indies, loth
\sith rcfpedt to Si^e, and to Shape. 11 us Crtatuie is com-

• ri:f,v:-i. Blh'ict'.: /.:.:.• T.m.; ::l. x. mp. :. ■> AV.-. lit

^ ^''tiiffrat. i;h li. ('ur-21. • jinirinHum cmfliiini ma.r:n:u»:f

•■ lUflMti i't..'iia/u.t nui.'a fraiie'tliei. JJtuium Is.iiur.i, 111), i.

mon

J ''

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.1 'I

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

11.25

1^ {|2B

^ as,

1.4

2.2
2.0

1.6

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716)872-4503

'9)

ji 4

464 77;^ Difcovery, Settlement, aud Commerce Book 1

nion in tlic IHe of Jazo, as nlf) in tlie Kingiloms of Ben- \m apparently no other Effeft on his Tongue, or Tal',

gala anil Pmala. Thrn- is IImiti- any Creature more trt- than Salt and Pepper on ours. Some otlar Authors aili

qmntly nuiuionui by anticiu \Vr;tirs, th.in this -, ami yd to this DelcriDtion, that he has under his tore Legs a kud

there are very tt w that iiave Ken foimpcrfcaiy deftrilx-d. of very ugly loofc Skin, that hanjr,-; down over hislirllv

ts ot li)me learned Men, who ot a Texture not unlike that of the Wings of a Bat • w| l ['

01 n (-r the Scriptures ' : I fay, all together, muft render this Creature equally fmguli^^j

I impcrtcct;y ileltrilx-
1 lliall pais In' the Sentiments
conceive this ti) be the Dnic

I Hull pals tlu-m by, beeaiilc 1 (io not fee how the Queftion
c.in ever be decidcil •, only thus nnu h feems to be certain,
that the Unicorn is there nv,-niioiie>l lor h'S Strength, and
tor his Strf nglli's lying in his I lorn, which is exactly true
of the Rhinoceros. J'hny ", who is fi fond of Won.lers,
and U) copious in his Recital ot nmll oi them, is Very Ihort
in liis IXUription of this Aniiiiil, net having vouclifited
us as many i.iins V[xm the Siibiei-i, as he has written
Chapters u,'on tin- I'lephant. All ii.- tdls us of it, amounts
to this, that Pcir.rcy, in his Shews, exhibited, among
other ftrange Beait's,' a Rhinonros, with one Horn, and
no more, and th.it in his Snout. This, continues he, is by

difagrccable.

The ingcnbui Mr. Kolbtn ', in his excellent Acrourtcf
the Cape of Good Hope, has given us a Hill more arcuratt
Delcription ot the Rhinoceros ; and, imieai.hy cunip,rr„
it with all that I have met wnh mt this Surjca i '^
throughly fatished, that it is more ch.ir, in.,rc dirtind
and more agreeable to 'I'riith, Ixranf.- the Author liir,"
to h.ave had more Attention, and Ms (.^iiickn.is „|' I'l,,.'.'
than other Writers. Its Skiii, lays he, is w-tlioi't ilir'
or other Covering •, but is of itlelf lo hick ainl hard, (],
even the moft (harp pointed Knifo will liardly i-i r'cc ir'
Painters generally uprtfcnt this Creatuie wiili'icil.s, b'-

Nature a die.iiiui! I'.nen.y to the l.lephant \ and, by rub- it has really nothing of that kind. Its Skin im'cal

bing his Horn againll hard Stones, makes it fo very Iharp,
that he is able to pierce with it the Belly of that Creature •,
at which Part heamr, becaufe it is tenderer than the reft.
In poiit of Dilcnjition, he tells us, that he is full as long
as the Klephant, but that his Legs are fliortcr, and his
Skinof the Colour of Box. .*7/i;», who inlifts lb largely
uiH)n other Animals, that are very common, did not think his Head, fo that it in fomc me;;fure rillnibks .ii'!oui;h

iuU of Scratches and Scabs, that, at aDilUi.a, thfym'y
be very well taken for Scales, elp(ci.illy as tluy Iruiua.tly
run over and acrofs c.ich other. I lis Nole, or .Snoi.t is
not unlike that of an Hog -, on ilic l-.nd of which, he hasan
Horn of a dark-biown Colour, which, withoi.t doubt
by the continual life he makes ot it, is bent lud tuwari

it' neciflary to dri'cribe the RhiniKcros, liecaulc all the
\\ orld had fcen it at Rome, in the Shews given by the
I'mperors, tor tlie Amufemcnt of the I'eople. Strabo is
as ' Ihon in his Delcription as Plim -, though he tells us,
that he had fern this Creature at Alexandria, and cites Ar-
temidorus on the fame Subject. Dion Cnjfms contents him-
lelt with ohferving, that this Animal h.id never been feen
at Rome t-Klorc the Triumph of y'ugujius '', in which he
contradirts Pi.nv.

fliare. This Horn is of very (.litVtrcr.t Si.'.ts, aiccrdir,.
to the Age of the Animal •, but, in L'.ngth, n;vcraccc°!
two l-'cet. It has another 1 lorn a l;ttL- abow the large
one, towards the I'ront of its 1 had, which isuf avi.;.i,\v
Colour, but fmall in a young Rliinocer(;s ami i;i a:i lij
one, does not exceed fix Inches at the moll. In it- Ii";irt,
it rcfembles a Bowl cut in ha'f ; the Cavity is tu.-i.tJ to-
wards the Head : This lelVir 1 lorn liinchri the larger c;',c
from doing all the Mili:hief tli.it it udicrwile n;iglit: l:s

Itwoi.ld Ivtd no purpofc to collrifl a greater Number of I-'ars are lefs, and its l.imbs fliorttr than thole ol ilieF..'«-

■ ' ■■ ' ' phant : Its Kyes arc txceediiigly fmall, ami it only lies

llrait forward -, which is the Uiafon, tlut wlien i: runs or
pi;rliics its Prey, it is always in a Ihait I-'n,, iinirg, :;.;r-
mg, and throwing up, wh.iteva it niee.s with ui ;ts I'ji'-
lage, fo that neither Burti, Tree, Thicket, or la'g: Stor,;s,
c\er ol)lige it to i]uit its Path. W 1th the llirn u^n Lii
Nofe, he trars up Trees by the Roots, throws Sio:;cs vs
lie in his Way over his Head, to a great Pillance, ,wJ
with a protligious Nolle. When he mrits withnoibirg
to oHlrud him, and is in a Rage, he will make gnat Ri:;$
in theCiround, and throw, Ironj time to time, Lri^L- Qpar-
titics of F.arth over his Head. 1 lis Cirunt is vi.'yKC.'i
like th.u of an Hog, and not very loud, if he is not angry ;
but, if he is in Purl'uit of his I'riy, he niakrs I'uh a tcr-
rible Noili*, as may be heard at a grcit Dilhmce; a-.', j(
lie is very dreadtul to all Kintis of B.alh, li'.cy ily at the
Souiut ot It in the utmoll Icrnir.

9. The principal VcxyA of the Rhinoceros, are RjC" s
Shrubs, Boughs of Trees, and other things ot th.'Um.'
Nature: For tho' this Cre.iture be a Bait of Pry, r..l
one ot the moll terrible in this Part of the Work!, y;:i:
is botli able to fublitt, and dcxs fubfitl, tor agrc.t uhii;
together, without teeding on llelh". Wh.it tli. .^McCi
rcjK)rt, of the Rhinoceros having a natural .\m;;\.i')y to
the Klephant, is ftrtdtly true-, .md they ncvtr n.cc: i;::j;
Wo<k!s, but it is tatal to the latter, if it docs not 'xz'k
Rhinoceros time enough to make its I'lcape; fur liicr.--
phant places all its SJety in Miglit ; and, ifor.cc jtt*
is liarcc able to make any Delence through liar '.
very feldom that the Rhinoceros .wt.icks a Man, aiiil h
1-lealiirc on the I'.ranrl.cs ot fdchlre.s as are thick-fet ever, unlefs he happens to be drell'ed in 1^.1 i a Co' « :j
With thr- toiighril and lliongdl Thorns. 1 have mvlllf which he has a mortal Averfion. When he ionv.>i.li »•!■'>

Citations, unlets we could meet with fomethat were larger
and fuller in tin- !)< !i rip;ion of tliis Animal; and, tlure-
fore, it is nrcrirny, in order t') ''ivc the Reader a to-
lerable h'.ca ot ir, to have ruDi.rfe to the Mixlerns.
Bcnt.Hs' hasdefrilKd it in his exrell-nt Work, and fo has
lather Ledrnte ' -, and, as they agree jierleCtly well, I
fhall only relate what we are toKl by the latter. The Rhi-
noceros, lays he, is one of the ny \\ extraordinary Ani-
mals in the World : He leniis to iiv to tefemblc, in many
ReliKc'tf, t'le vmKI Boar, ex^'i't, tint he is much bigger,
has (horter Legs and a luavKr 15<«iy. His Skin is in-
tirely covered with large and. thick Sr.ilcs ot adark Colour,
aovl eXielnvcly hard. They are divide'.! into little Sijiiarcs
rr Buttons, which arife liiniewliat abivc the Skin, in a
lii.-.nntr not much unlike thole of tlie Crocodile. It is by
this means that its Legs teem to b.- mdufcil in a kind of
lioots, and its Head wrapped ii;> In lijnd, in a fuit ot
1 lood, or Capuchin 1 lor which Realon, the Portugutfe call
this Creature the Monk of the Indies. Its He.id is very
large, but its Mouth is nor very big •, its Snout long, and
armed with a huge Horn, which renders it extremely ter-
riiile even to Tyg rs, Bulialoes, and Llephants. But what
li cms to b"-- the nio;l nioll wonderlul in this Animal, is its
Tongue, wlikh N.iture has covered with a Membrane fo
tiiugh .ind llrong, that, in I'Jle^t, it liifiers notiung Iron
a 1-iie, lb that he tears his Prey to pieces barely by licking it.
As we lie lome Animals that di light in feeding on
Thiftks, the hitlc Pi,ints of whnh, by pti. king the Kx-
tremitks ol the Nerves in their TongU'-:, alford them an
agreeable SenI ition, to the Rliinotnos t"-ds witli greatcll

lt.s

ottm given this Cr.iture Twigs ot fiich Trees as were
thik let with Bn.irs th.it w.-i? '-xcetLiiiii'Jy fh.irp ami
U t n ama/.rd to lee how frrct'ily, and
, l;c ciir-Wi-d and I'd upon tli.ni, willl-
out lacing .It all iiiiomn;oJ.cd by their I'uints. h is true,
that loint tunes his Mouth w a lirrle bloody, but t!ut Icrves
ciiiv to rc.idcr the 1 al!e ot hii ho xl ni'jrc agrceaiilo •, and

llr(;ng •, ami luve
with what Aiidrth

the Man whom he purliics, he lifts hini by thcl«i;im
Ins Horn, ami throws him direiftly over ins IKj^I *"•''
tiidi Force, that he never tails ot liiu'.mg himii-J^t w,.'.;i
he comes to devour him, which he doci by hckii j.' ■"! '•■■
Flcfli from the Bones, with his Tongue, in the lainc ii.j;-
ner that he deftroys other Animals. But, hnwcvn l^ 1: .
and iiowcver fwitt, this terrible Creatuie nuy be, )-iit '

• Sami'tri xxm.
• lit »n. f>. ■■ i
Cu 1^ lit pi^ii, i' jt

21. Got! bra ii>ht t;irmout off^i//; ilrlwli,

♦■ l.ii.lt. f.^l'Q. ' » M.J,..,-,,.

■at #, ; II .. 1. " 'Jir/m. Ji.jl. .:..,

^ II werr, the Sirtngtl) of »n Uniiorn.
/ij.i l,b. «vi. • Mfiuir/i Jt la O-I^rr

>.«/. lim. 11. f. 66. ' Mandfljlu, /'./<i^r ./.-..r W"./ } <'

» \A viii .-r,' r.

^l/f^-

'ySr'i ,

i|i i*

i5H

Hi^j

I 3

> t

t3^ Rhinoceros oj deMn/^U/yu^nr/en^ ^^R}iinocero« ilmftmP/rimtdeM

^y/fi Indian ^iow^x^x m'tn'na du^/iencey^^J^^ Cie^/uint

i*.

■-V

Chap. II.

of the East I n J) i e s.

4^^

If r from bing ilii^iciilt to avoid it, proviilcd a Man lias a
I lcri)li' I'liluicc of Mini! > for the Rhinoceros feeing only
ILcht forw.mt, ami turning Ixing very troubicfome,
li nilinR twice or tlirice out ci tliu Road, is lufficient vo
I ,,(. all D^m^tr: J-'or this Creature very rarely turns
IbU, or chants his Path, but ilcilroys, without Mercy,
Iwlntcvcr he lin.K in it ".

1 I'he general Name of this Creature, in the Indies, is
Lwfli uml in Pirfiaity it isc.illetl Kerkeden, muchclleemcil
If r tlv/virtiics of its Horn: And tliereforc, notwithftand-
"2 the ^'iiip'-''' "' ''^'^ I'.xercile, indullrioully hunted by
!i,c Natives oi the Country, who, when they are fo lucky
las to kill it, luttr nothing to be loR, but apply every Part
I fit to Ibmc Ufe or other. The Mcfh is (aid to be hard
land fttingy» ''"f' '" *''''^'' ''^'O''^''' wholfome and well-
Itiftc'l •> ^^ ''''" ''"■" ^'"''"I'^''"^ '^•^^ '^ readily, and think it no
|ci).'tcmptible Veiiifon.

I The Horn is extremely precious, and fells at a great
lK.iti', from tlic Property it is i'uppofcd to havo, ot dil-

cdi'tnng I'oifon
him, and a Man

ioub;ing it, as he would be here for believing it : Yet fome
Writers of unqueftionable Credit, have alTerted the Truth
\i)i this from their own Knowledge, particularly Mr. Kol-
'/;.,(, who alUires us, that, at the Cape of Good Hope, they
ruke Cups of this 1 lorn, which arc finely adorned with
Gu'.J or Silver ; .mdthat, upon pouring \Vine into them,
a c;rcnt I'.biillition follows ; but, if there be any Poiibn
riixcJ with the Wine, the Cup infallibly breaks, as it alio
uio.si' the I'oifon be put in unmixed. Tlie L''.xi3eriment,we
src tokl, lias been made I'o frequently, and with fuch con-
llrt SuccclJ, that Thoulands of Ptrlbns fettled at the Cape
let iiccJ llofe, might be proiluccd, as NVitnelles to the
iTauhofit ".
lor my own Part, I muft confcfs, that I think it almoft
;:;h"Kiilc tdb.lieve, that Mr. Kolbcn himielf, or any other
,Vi;ta-ot Reput.ition, fliould endeavour to impofe upon
i!i:iU:ii! by Uivh a Report, if tiierc was no Truth in it,
la believe t!ie Fait. 1 therefore incline to think, that
ic Relation is only delivered in too general Terms •, and
a:, i:'.fte.id ol' adlrting, that this Horn breaks, on the
(juiiiigintoaCup nuue of it any kind of Poiibn, an In-
Lir\- oii^ht to be n'.ade, \v! -\t furt of Puifon really breaks
" fur 1 very much !'ufc'C(^t, that if we knew what kind
bf P(;iron it is, we fliould be able to account for it from
btural Caufes : And I a;n the rather led to this Opinion,

bubbling, or

ropeam into thefe Countries, they found the People uni-
verlally perfuaded of the Efficacy of thefe Drugs : And wc
arc tokl by the famous John Hugo Linfchotat, one of the
moll candid Writers on this Subject, that in Benj^al the
Rhinoceros 1 lorn was fold at a very high Price. He tells
us likcwife fome other Circumftanccs, that defervc to be
mentioned : ' Thefe Horns, fays he, are much valued
' throughout all Mia, as effectual Remedies againft Venom

♦ and Poiibn; for which, likewife, the I'eeth, Claws,
' I'lefli, Skin, Blood, Urine, and Dung, of this Animal,
' are likewife much valued : And that this is not an idle
' Notion, but an Opinion founded in Truth, I can, from

* my own lixperience, atteff. There is, however, one

* thing, which is to be remembered, that all thefe Horns
' are not of equal Value ami Price, bccaufe all of them are
' not of equal Goodnefs ; for fome will fell for 200 or
' .■?oo I'ardoes, while others of the fame Size and Co-

• lour will not fetch above three or four Pardoes, The
Reafon which the Natives alTign for this Difference, is

; The Padl is umverfally believed in the « tlicir feeding in different Places •, for they believe, that
Ian would be as much laughed at there for * the Virtue of the Horn is derived from the Herbs by

what the f.ime A'.:tlior tells us, of the

uiingof Wine, when poured into the faire Cup.

10. '1 he /;;.,;'jw far.cy, that, in iplitting the Horn, they
Bifi rn, on each Side, the Figure of a Man, marked out
^yh'.;!;: white Spots •, as alfo Uirds of feveral Kinds, as we
tin Egyphm Pebbles • ; But, without doubt, this is the
iTcft ot a very ilrong Fancy, with regard to both. It
, howfv. r, highly probable, that, as it fervts to raile the
IT.a ot x\\u C.'oiiiinoi.lity, it ahb lerves to fiipport itsCre-
i-ir tlie mure Wonders arc reported of any thing, the
^ ra.lily the eoinnion People Ixlieve them. In the
.1 ol ''j,n\i, where there .ire m.any of thefe Creatures,
.y arc moll: valued, and the Virtues of their Horns in
Y liigli.ll Filecm •, lb that when they arc fent to be turned,
y always order a IVrlon to ftand by, to collecT: the
^ings that no I'.irt may be JoIt ; lor of this fort of
ory, they j^ivc a certain (Quantity, boiled in Water, or
ilr-th, tor Convul'ions, lainiing-tits, and other Difeafes
atiJioec.a from iiilurdtrs in the Nerves. The Blood
■v.fM of this Animal, is held to Ix- extremely medici-
'.ni! ilurcfore, wlun it can lie got frefh, they let it
:p iiLkle ol the Rhinoceros's Horn, in the Sun, till
"i\! ; and then they preferve it in a Bottle clofe-
~i'\ lor tile Iblluwing Ules : 'I'licy cimccivc it to be a
i"t lur aii Obllrudions, and, at the fame, admirable
ir liahng and tonlolul.iting broken Velfels ; but, above
it is held an iiilalhble Cure for the Spitting of Blood.
'Ur..iiin(T of tiling it is, by mixing a lew Grains of the
"■' in.i Dilhof iVaorCuliVc.

1 1
I !?ruw s

s iiiu:

eutaiii, that, on the lirfb coming of the £«-

by
which the Creature is nouriflied j and therefore, they
' have almoft an equal Eftecm for the Horns of the wild
« Cjoats that feed in the faine Places ''.*

I fliall conclude this Account with the Relation of Fa-
ther Boni, m his Account of Cochin-China, as to the Hunt-
ing of the /^i^arfa, which, however, he defcribes as covered
over with Scales-, tho'this might, perhaps, arife, from his
feeing him only at a Diftance. His Account is curious -,
and therefore I fliall give it in the Author's own Words,
the rather becaufe it not only confirms many things before
related, but furniflics lis alio with fome Particulars that
arc new. * When I w;is at Nuocnwn, a City in the Pro-

* vince of Puluciimbi, fiys he, the Governor went out to

* Jiunta Rhinoceros, that was in a Wood near our Dwel-
' ling-place : He had with him above an hundred Men,
' fome on Foot, and fome on Horfeback ; and eight or
' ten F'lephants. The Rhinoceros came out of the Wood }
' and, feeing fo many Enemies, was fo far from giv"ng any

* Tokens of Fear, that it furioufly encountered them all,
' who opened, and making a Line, Ict'the Rhinoceros run
' through, till it came to the Rear, where the Governor
' was mounted on his Elephant, waiting to kill it. The

* Elephant endeavoured to lay hold with his Trunk, but

* could not, by reafon of the Rhinoceros's Swifmels :
» And leaping, to wound the Elephant with its Horn, the
» Governor knowing it could receive no Hurt, by reafon
' of the Scales, unlefs they ftruck it on the Side, waited,

* till leaping it laid open the naked Place ; and, cafting a
' Dart, dexteroufly ftnick it thro', from Siile to Side ;
' with great Applaufe, and Satisfaction of all the Multi-
' tude of Spectators, who, without any more to do, laid
' it upon a great Pile of Wood, and, fetting Fire to it,
' leapt and ihinccd about, while the Scales were burning,
' ami Flelh roafting ; cutting Pieces as it roafted, and eat-

* ing them. Of ^the Entrails, that is, the Heart, Liver,
» and Brain, they made a more dainty Dilh, and gave ic
' to the Governor, who was upon a Rifing-ground, di-
' verting hinifelf with their Merriment. As I was prefent

* at the takinp; of tliis Creature, I obtained from the Go-
' vernor the Hoofs ; which 1 efteemed not inferior to his

* Horn : And this is thought as elfeftual in expelling Poi-
' fen, as that of the Unicom.' This feems to countenance
my Sentiment, that thefe Horns, as Alcalis, may fcrve as
Rcmeilies for a certain kind of Poifbns.

1 1. The Lion, of which fo many extraordin.iry Stories
are tokl us by the Anticnts, is alfo a Native of the Indies^
and more common there than in any other Part of the
World, except Libya. I'he Lion of the true Kind, of
full Size, and with a flowing Mane of yellow Hair, is by
all Authors acknowledged to be, at once, the moft ma-
jeftic, and the moft dreadful Siglit, that is furniflied by
the Animal Ci eation. The Lionel's has no M.ane ; her
Ears are ftiorter and wider •, and fhe has more Fiercenefs,
and Icfs Dignity in her Countenance, tlian the Lion %

'"•'/■' "/■' (".i/Y ,/. r.vxi'i F.i'frr.wif, I' J. iii. f- 1 6.

' ■' ' ■ ' /ii J'.oi . Hijl. Mima/, lit. vi. f . 3 1 .

•^ t' M C.

3^-

<5C

« Htrhiht. Jlilliit. Oiienf. f 959,

Hl\

466 7hc Dilcovcry, Scttlmcnt, ^;;// Commerce Book I.

. i

1 ^

■r !

(\'»

It is iHifitivcly infirtcil on, botli by /triftolU.md Pliny ',
th.it (hf llonis ol the Liim Jrc mm h liinUT, ami niorf lulul
tlim tholi'ot any other Bi all •, whuli loinc Mtxlvrns have
ili-nii.ll : Hut lliv h as have h.itl the kft OpiHirtuiiim 1 of in-
quiring; inti', anil Uin^; fatislial as to tin- Matter of Kiel,
alliirc us, that the Antients are in thv.- rii^ht •, ami that the
Cavity in the I. eg Ixjnes o( a l.ion is not larger than tholl-
ot a i'oliatci)-[iii)c •, fo that wlicn they are fuftcrcii to lie
aniUiry in the Sun, tliat Cavity is intirdy tilleil up ; anil
thry Iveomc lo Imootli, U> Itiong, anil perfectly united,
that thty will llrike Fire like Miius. When he laIN upon
his I'rey, lie tirll brings it to the drouml, and then b; ats
its Brtath out with his Paw, Ixtorc he tears or eats it •,
anil gnu rally aaoinpanies this Deatli-llrokc with a loud
Kcur .

rhiir Strength is prodigious and rr.urh bcyon.l their
Size i whk h is the Kcalon, that other Bcafts Hy at the Sight
ot thim. NNc arc told by Pliny, that they mver prey
ujK)n Men, till tliey btcome very old, and cannot provide
tlutnlilves with other Food; in which lime ot Dillrels,
the y watih atnwt the Skirts of Villag.s, and tvui ot great
Towns, that they may catrh and divour luch as come out
can 1( Hy in a Morning, or are returning in an F.vening.

'I he Romam thought there was lumithing omiiuHis in
the manner in which l.ions were introduced into thiir Ain-

1)liith(aties. iVv.'/rt the Hictafor exhibitid one hiiiiilrcd
.ions, which fought all at once. After him Potiiffy ex-
jxjCiii lix hundred ; and his Comp.titor, JuliuJ C^far,
j.Xjiol'id tour hundred. All whiih, the Romans oblerved,
hapi mill in 'I'rnts when their I.ilx-rty was derlining. But
what contributed to fpread this Notion the moll ot all, w.ls
the Contrivance ot Mark .Intom, who, after the Defeat ot
Brutus and Ot^ms, caufed hiniltlf to be drawn through
Rcme 111 a Chariot, to which two Lions were yoked, at
the tiinie time that there fat with him one Cytberis an
Adiel"-, his favouiitc Millrels, before he became acquaint-
ed with Cleopatra. Thi<, fiys Pliny, leemetl to preliige,
that Men ot hifji Spirit, and nolK- Courage, lliould be
tametl, and l-rought into Subjection to luch as were only
rrmatk.i!Ie lor their I'ride and I uxury : And for my Part,
Continuts he, I conlider the vay Sight of Id inonl(roi:sa
Si>ectacle, .Ls none of the Kill of the Calamities i;t ihtlL-
un'iappy rimes'.

It was not at Rome only, that furh Notions prevailed •,
the Ciirti't.\^in:,ii!s feem alio to luvc had the lame Senti-
ments ; tor when Hanno, who w.is one of their molt ex-
cellent Citiz:n«, and greatelf Cicnerals, had tbund a Way
to tame a Lion, fo that he Drokid and h.indlcd him like a
Hog, ihcy took occafion from liicr.cc to drive him into
Haiiilhnunt, Ixlieving that the Liberties of a People coultl
not be late, while that Man had any Power, who had Skill
enough to alter the Nature of the lierccll beall, and make
bim tune and gentle as a Spaniel.

It IS very iloubtlul, whether there be any Truth in what
is re[>orted ot the Lionels bringing forth I ut live times
in her Ijle, and having at lirlf live Whelp.s, then four,
and til- Lilt time but one ; Neither is there much Credit
due to what is laid, ot their living to a great .Age \ lince
we know, by Ixpcrieme, that they are noj d very long-
lived .\r,imal. But with rcfped to its Magnanimity, and
difdaiiiiiig to cjt fuch as approach in an huinhle anil fup-
pli.int nunntr, it is allirnied .is well by moiern Travi-lkts,
as the Writ.rs of Antiquity: And it is on all hands
agreed, tliat il this IJ, aft d(x;s not lalh himkll with liu,
'I'ail, or K t up his Mane, a Man may lately go liy him.

There are a kind of I ions that have no Mam s, but are
fmooth like the l.ionefs: 'Ihcfc are laid to be a mongrel
Breed l)ctwecn tlie leopard and the Liontfs. As to the
Antipathy between the Lion and the C<xk, and the for-
mer's tlying, il he hear the latter crow, it is no better than
a l"'.iblc ; ol which there are more related of this, than al-
moft any other Animal. And, in 'Iruth, one cannot but
wonder, how lo grave a Writer as Phny could bung hiin-
Icit to lit down lo many improbable Stories as he did, upon
thbSulijeift ; which, as they eoukl only Icrve to tire, with-
out inftrucling tlie Keader, I think it bell to omit. Tiie

' />.'.■':, ::i. v:il. fttf. iC. J ,^fl„, „A, r^, b j;i,^„ ;ji, ;- ,„,

K" lUj:. l,b. vi. f. 20. i,k I i , ,3 0/;,«,. /,/. ,. B>dari. lU.r /'. I. iib. in. c-T ^ i

Hi rh of this Animal is often eaten, is not at all uinl r
and is not known to prove unwholliime ; hut '*h
any Part of this Creature be of any Uli, inVlivfiri . "^
m' able to fay. ' "yc^. I ai;,

1 1. The Tygcr is juftly reported by the Antl.n,,
of the fierccft, fwifteft, and tfrongeft of ail 377
Otlur Animals, ot which wc have hitlietto I'lok-n 1
found in Itveral Countries befules the hdtcs; hutd 'T
Tygcr is, in a manner, peculiar to that Part oV tin- \\v<'
They difl^cr from the Lcojjard in Size, aiul in s-xn, 'f*'
the Tyger is much bigger, having yellow w' (:«',!!
very roumi, with black Hair about thein -, whcriaj th
I.eojard is fjxjttcd with black, almuft in the Sha- f
I lorfc-Oioes. The Female, which is caliid the TyLv
is even fiercer tlian the Male, its appeais lioni what /<„
tells us of the Manmi in which the i Iur.tlnic;i caii'it ;,.!
young ones in thole 'limes. Ihoy proviikil thenfilw
liiys he, with a very fwitt Ilnrle, on which oni- rf tlit
bi'ldell went in .Scari»Ji ol tl.e Tyger's IVr, \\\\t\ »r|l
rrm.uned with their Boat by the Kivci-fule. NV.un )|.
whow.ison HorfelMck h.id an Opportunity, bv t 't \i
fence of their Dam, lie caiiiid away the Wixij .s^sul rode
as hard as he was .ib:e to jr.ni his Compa;iiu;,s j bit tit
Tygicfs, niiliing her Young, t!r(;urmly eamc uiuntht:;!
I luiulinan before he rar! i. the Kivcrlkic, wh,, a;i«i
as li:-tound himfelfiii nan;;er, dropp^rl onfof thi- \V;iir><
which the ■] ygrcfs taking up, an.l curving baik tu htj
Den, g.ive him Time to clcapeuith the rcit to his Cora.
panions, who imn.eii :i' ,y quitted the I'lac v.Mh ihs it-
moil I'.xpedition. 'I'his Stiiry lliews tiie quick .Scc"t, i-d
prixiigioiB Speed, (.t this Cu.iture ; of \v!;ij., hcm.r,
Puny docs not £ive us any p.ir'iaihr l)eririp;i(n'.

By comparing, however, the Icver.il Acmi.rs «tb;
of this Creature in mixlern Tr.a\N, it app.,i!.-, tht ib
F.yes are wonderful bright and fliiiiing, i!ii.ir .NcdslM
and llrong, their 'I'eeth and Claws preiiiL',' ufly fcirp,
their tabby Skins of a br.mtilul Colour, a\! ihaHi;
ihurt and gloffy. 'I'he Kingi'oni of A/.i.'.;/',t is, ci il
others, the moll famous for theli.- .Aniinals, ut which ':s\
dillinguilh thele three Soits : 'li.c full :.s It iiicwlia; bip
than a wild Cat, makes a fnglufiil Noife, not u:'.i:kc <:t
Lowing of a Cow, anddtKS a great deal otMr^iuf. lie
fcond .Sort, which is moll common, is of the iizciu
fmall Calf, wonderfully bnik and active, anil, wiihal, ot-
ceilively cruel. The third is called the lyi^irKiyi.d
is very near as big as a llorle, tor the .'<k:ii ct ; ci
thiin will fcrvc for a Coverlid lor a Bed Ix loot.':
and for this they are much uied in the Iml.a. The tin I
of all the Sjx-cies of this C rcature are very va'iublr, hxa
in the Indies, and in t.urope, 'I hey are i:f;ii thfre ihriy
for Beds and Palankins -, and here tor 1 Iorli-ti:"i:ur',ni
tor lining Cloaths in the Winter, tl"pici.il!y in l'.c Ncai '.

-As the Lion never eats any Creature till it is ilcid, :J I
the Tygcr tears his Prey to Pieces while it is \x.tz\ iii
if he meets by chance with a dead Sheep, orlior!c,!K |
will not touch them : But if, at any tune, tliy!ii::ii
with an 1 ierd or Flock, where they li.ivo Ifey (1
Cattle at their Mercy, they leldoni eit tin ni -t a.1, btt
content thcmfelves with fuiking their Blood ; by ^I'lv'i :!
is incrtdil'le what llavcxk they m.ike. Alyg.-r, Im
grels, and two of their young ones, h.ivc tKTiiK.wnio
de (boy upwards ol an hundred Sheep in a N.!;!'i'i-i-'i
in this nunncr: They generally hide ttumi.!'"'' m™I
Bulhis or Hedges, in' an imloled Country, f.;iini»tea
they leap at once, with almotl iiicreilibic Fow, ups
whatever pallbs by : Neither are they at all afraJot .Mdi
but, whenever they have an Opportunity, kM- t.';t::ii^
nerally in the Middle, carry them into the ^^.^'^'''^
there tear them to-picces, and devour thcin. Hit W
of this Creature is remarkably white and trnJcr: -W
have eat it atlirm, that it is as delicate as ar.y kiiH'*
Veal, and much better tailed : And the Melh ^'t 1*^
Tygers is laid to be as tender and I'wcct as that o!to»|>.

i'hc Antients report, that Tygers oltcii 1; :n;;i;*-
l)o<',. i which, having been olifivcd by the /'■■■"';j'.^.
were wont to carry a certain Nunilxr ol B.i^"-' ' '"

/,/. VII lat ' • "■ ' ^"' ''* '"''•'* '^

;IJ » I

« mj. .v<i'- AJuii- '••','"'

WiJl

J *

: i
'i

.'r*i, 'T';!)"...;' , i

' i'i"

I'm

-f.-_ -f

ALicMiKl.Micrs ,s.^^yAi/i(y^f>i^r>inwpntr0n^t<>^S\^tM>ii/.'^fi/^fy >^ lo/.tP^ ^fj. ff^.f^

ATiferTigTvn>4:T.eopard rmnm^m tmma/f a/ MeS ^'Q^a/9'lif *>/ *Mt^i^^f^

chap. 11.

of the '^ Pi s T Indie

\Vo(xl5, where tlie Tygers frequented, and there left thim
lid to Trees. By this Contrivance they obtained a Spe-
cies ot Dogs lb fierce and ilrung, that thiy were not alruid
ut attacking even a l.ion : And it was of this Breed
t!iat Sopitbis, an Indian King, prefented fome to /lUxandir
tht-Grfii i of which we havi- a particular Account in the
liillory of Diodoms Siculus. Alexander, having a mind to
nialcc an Fxperiment of tiieir Strength and Courage, let
liHifc a large Lion upon two of them, which not being

4(^7

• hunt the Tygers, and carry along with them feverai of

• their Conjurers, who pretend to inchant them, which
' is, at once, a llrong Proof both of their Folly and their

• 1 tar' . There are a fmallcr Sort of Tygers in yifricai
and, it is faid, in America \ but it is very doubtful whe-
ther the latter arc at all of the fime Species : And, as to
tlie former, though they arc very fierce, and do infinite
Milthicf, efpecially in the Dutch Settlements, near the
Capt of Good Hope, yet they are far below the Size of

able to manage him, he ordered two other Uogs to be let an Indian Tyger, and arc only equal at moft to the fccond
po: The Lion, Ixing furrounded by tkle^ lour, ^was Sort. This Difference is occafioncd, in all Probability,

very foon over-jxjwi rcil i upon which the Indian King
bt a IVrfon with a Sword, who cut off the Right Thigh
ul one ot the Dogs by little and little \ and, in Ipiglit ot all
the I'ain he endured, the Dog neither howled, nor let go i
but held the Lion faft, till he tell down dead. The Nuni-
btr of thefc Creatures, given to /llexandtr by this Indian
Prince, w.is one huniired and fifty, which that Hero
tlUcmcdavery valuable Prclent'.

A Dutch Traveller informs us, that in the Kingdom of
Conio the Tygers feldom or never attack white Men ;
and, as a Proof of it, he tells ms, that when he was there,
a Tyger furprifed a white Man and a Black adcep, and
immeiliately tore the Negro to-pieces, but left the White
untouched : And we have the fame thing affertcil by otlur
Wnters, but, 1 tiiink, without any gotxt Grounds, farther
th.in as it may be luppofcd, that the I'ygers are btttir ac-
quainted with the Blacks in thofe Countries \ and, therefore,
may be more apt to attack a Prey they have been uleil
to\

In the Voy.igM of JValter Schoulen we have a very cu-
rious Acrmint of thcfc Creatures \ and, as that Dutch
Writer is highly eftcemcd for his drift Regard to Tiiith,
till' Reader will not, probably, be difpleafed with the T ranf-
Ution of what he has given us upon this Subjert. ' It
' is very true, fiys he, that the Ty^e r thirlls as much af-
' tiT human Bloul, as after that of Bcifts. He catches
' a Man exadly as a Cat does a Moufe, and carries him
' olF with as much Eafe. At the firll Leap he fticks his
' fore Paws into the Shoulders, or, rather, a little below
' them ; and, having brought the Man down, he ftrikcs
' his Teeth, on both Side«, through his Ribs. One may
' very well fay, that a Man is luft, upon whom a Tyger
' lets his F.yes : The Sight of them, anil the being at-
' tacked, .ire, in a manner, inftantaneous •, fo that the
' Fright, and the being palt all Fright, is over in two or
' three Minutes. The Dcfirts ot Bengal are fomewhat
' Ie6 dangerous in the Light than in the Dark •, for then
' the Tygers quit their Thickets and Caverns, and come
' even into Houfes and Villages, where they feizc any

* they find abroad, and tear them to-pieccs. They have
'even the Boldnefs to attack Men on Horfeback j as
' alfo the largeft and ftrongtft Butliiloes of that Country,
' which are of an extraordinary Size : They, geiieially,
' leap upn their Shoulders, and tear them to-pieces in an
' inlbnt } fume rnflanccs of which happened while we
' were there, ft is looked upon as a Thing certain among
' the Indians, that the T'yger and Rhinoceros live in great
' Harmony together. There arc many of both Sorts of
' thefe Creatures in the Woods of Bengal, and it is never
' known, tha: they attack each other. The Reafon which
' the Indians give for this is very fmgul.ir: '1 hey fay that
' Tygers, after gorging themfelves wiili the l-iclh of

* Men or Beafts, grow extremely fick, and iind Relief by
' eating the Dung of the Rhim.jeros, which, as it feeds
' chiefly upon green Herbs, th.it are of great Virtue, they
I we (fill Very whollbme, even when they have pailld
I through his Body \ of which they appear to be very
\ f'ioroujj;hly perfuaded, fince they frequently make ule
' of the fame Metficine themfelves.* The lame Writer
t lis us, , that in this Part of the Indies thi y are forceil
, '° 'f^vcl in Company, for fear of thefe merciLfs Cre.i-

t'lres; and that their Dogs, when they hear the Cry of
' "1 ill the Wooiis, tremble, and fweat in a molt fur-
pnling Manner. The People, however, at certain
of the Year, aflemble in great Numbers to

'^ieafons

by fome Mixture m the Breed i for it appears plainly, by
comparing the Accounts of antient Writers with thofe of
moilcrn Jiavelkrs, that it was the large Indian Tygcr
was known to the former, and not the fmallcr Sorts,
which, if then exifting, were called by other Names.

13. The Leopard and Panther are the Male and Fe-
male of the fame Species, which, though not equal in
Size, is Very little inferior in Strength, to the Lion, and
not at ail iels mifchievous. It is not, however, very
common tor them to attack Men, at leaft if they arc not
under the NecclTity of doing it ; for, in that Cafe, there is
ro Creuf.ire b Idei. The Skins of thcfc Animals were
mu h valiei! by the Antienis, on account of the Beaut/
and Re;.u;,iiity of their Spots, which, as I before obfervcd,
were Imali, and of 3 llmicireular Figure, not unlike an
Hall-moan ' : But on the Shoulder they were fuppofej
to h.ivc a larger Maik, which not only refembled, buC
W.IS ill a manner g;overned by the Moon, increafmg as flie
did, and decieaiing likewife in the fame manner j having
now Llunt Points, now fliarp, and fu.iictimes a complete
Orb, lilie the Ful Moon '. One would find it more diffi-
cult to believe, that fuch Opinions as thefe would gain
Credit with Men of Learning and Senfe, if there were
not Inllances, even in our Days, of as ridiculous No-
tions prevailing with Men who pretend to follow r.o other
Lights than thofe of Reafon and Experience.

The Antients tell us, that thefe Creatures had a very
fingular way of hunting. They derive from Nature a
kind of mul1<y Smell, which being agreeable to Deer,
Goats, and other Animals, they were wont to frequent
the H.iunts of the Panthers, till at the Sight of her fierce
Countenance they were frighted, and fled; which this Crea-
ture obferving, llie contrived to hide herfelf b.'hind the
Bulhts, that, when thcfc Anim.ils were attrafted by her
Smell, flic might leap on them at once ; by which Me-
thod Ihe eafily lurpiilcd them. The Indians hunt them
very adiduouily, as well for their Flerti, which they cfteem
very whoHl,;neas well as favoury, as for the fake of taking
their Yo! . :-,, which they breed up tame, and then prefcnt
them to tn." ;• Kings, who breed them up for hunting j
and find thei.i not only fuperior to any kind of Dogs in
Swiftnels and Strength, but in fidelity alfo \ for they
conftantly bring back what they take without tearing it :
And, even to this Day, it is found, that they make ule
of the fame Method of inticing their Prey that has been
before defcribed from the Antients. The Arabians call
this Creature Beher -, the Turks, Joz ; and the Tartars^
Jem : But the general Name of them through the Half,
is. Pars, which is a Perfian Word \ and it fignifics, alfo,
the Country of Perfia, properly fo called : And hence ic
is, that the Ptrfon, who has the Care of thefe Creatures
that are kept for the hunting of the Grand Signor, is cal-
led Parjigi : And fo jealous they are in the Indies of this
kind of Sport, that no private Man is permitted to hunt
with Leopards '.

When the Panther has young ones, it is reported, that
the Leopard, though much llronger, will not detend hun-
felf againft her, but fullers himieif to be very ill treated.

tdl the young ones are

up, and able to fhilt tiir

themfelves. It is certain, that, however fierce in their Na-
ture, the Panthers are extremely tender of their Wiiclps ;
of which Pliny gives us a very lingular Inllance. A
Panther, by fome Accident or other, had her whole Lit-
ter tumbled into a deep Pit, out of wliicli the was not able
to deliver them. In this Diiliels flie went to the next

1 J 'ir'/''','- ^'■"'- '•''■ "*'''• ^- Cmtim, lib. ix.
' "'■' ■<"">. l.h. viii. MUi,, /a. IV. cup. 4y. A^.
i '* '<«U-. .«.</,, /,.;oo. '^ ^•'

y. cap. 40. /i&. .w. i«/. 14.

39:-
'• run.

• f'o-ioge nw: Ir:.{,:,
^'al. liijl. lib. viii. c.^p- 1 ;

■1 /Irljl^t.
f litiieut Hi-

High,

St'..' fit 'i'l

4^8 //v Difcovciy, Settlement, ^m! Commerce hml i

1 Highway, in

iv kiiui fiuumii

(O All

thf I atlur ot Pi'iitttus

lii)p<M't r<iu!in|', ('>Mnc I'.illVuRcr, that mi^lit ticnts who f.cm to h.ivp KmruKral it with

ll Ikt. I'lu- lirll whi) r.um' liy, w.is tintioii ; .mil thin lore livak ot it nion

HWt.T A-

the l'hil<ili)|>lu

ll I lIMUly 1

Hiuri

horn the altiioll any otiur Animal, inthisl'ari ol the \V

(Ill 1,1

inukii 11. 111! I iiiuiL III ,1 vuiiiii; niiu, 'iiirtiori', I vkiil

fill) nit it to thi- UtaJir'sIiiljicctioii ' : • This Crfatiirc tj

' Ik-, is a L:ml ot Ship Uy l.amli f„r ht.' tuiiiiorts'vrl'

' (^untitics ot (;o<kIs troin oiif Country to anntlur, iVa

llortSiMii- ol 1 imi ,at fnulIC'oU, linrt hi' uts IlKkn, anj

fi.iiif ivtr ih inks in his I'allam'. 1 |ih iomi is liiv'^j:

and not IblnMUiifiil as hisCjiuliticsarc vaiiublcvlurmtli'

NVrk anil lore-part f)t him lie is niaili- niort like aShcfii',

In his Uuiiy he rilVmhlrs a 1 lorli- : 1 lis IWk andilm'l.'

hmbs.irc piiiiliar to his Spiiics i turkarcc any uthi'r

C'riMtiiri- has any Kcl>ml)l.mif to him thirciii, N.mr;

has tiirnilliiil this Animal with a I'alatc, to whicli I hiiljc!

anil liiili likf harlh Fixxl, arc moll annxablc i two St>'

m;Khs ailmiralily contrivnl tor Dij^dlinn, and lo Imal,

as to ri'tcivc a C^uantity ot Water fiilliiicnttumoilb

liis I'ry I'lKjil tor many Days. Bdlilis this, Iwikuvii,

troin the fimt" Ixniiitcoiis I laiul, two Qualities, that thi:

Sa^V'city ot Man toiikl niwr rtxh -, for by hs .S,.r,th;

' ililliii[',uirtifs Spring', how lUcp llicvcr tiicy lie; Ar.l

' whiK-vtr ilii;s where a Canul iL'rapis, will r.evcrir,;^ :

' timlin'^ Watir, let the iioil Hem ever lb u:ij;romil;r.".

' 'I heir fiioiul I'roperty is, lureliciii;^ viT.omous a\i

' liurniny Winds whitli lly Iv/ilily, and .ire irortal in

' Momuit: A little while bcture they lome, the Cjmt',

' run together, cry, .iiiii hide their Noli: in the Irtli,

' Init .IS loon as they arc pall, they litt up tlicir Hj^ii,

' and I o: timi ' ■ h ir Jouriii y .'

.hijhtle .ilT rts, that tiny po twelve MentliJ, amlnjti

J'anthcr rl.iycd and iMlkul, ^ithmit ulV rinp, t^i hurt him. Camel is thivui looted, hatli a Ur^e, fielhy liumh ,„
'i'lu- M.in would williir.dy have « liaptd tri.m lur Careflb, Rnk, which is jxciili.ir to the Spei u- , anwlur kllirh- r i
l)Ut loiind it im|H>ll;b'( ' At l.ill llie l«y down .u his Iret, on the Iv iidiiiK ot eaih Knee, which apptais t„ 1„. ,t i''.
Uiul famed to l« n-oan heilill; and tlun takin;; hold ot in lupporini(; his Iknly : His lail is hke that i.tan Ak ^
liis Uolie, Ird him p/ntly to tlu' I'l.ice whirc her OlV-piinf, Shape, Inn lus l.iiir Knots in it, hkr that ol the t„w '
lav: By whiih d.iUi V; iinc, the Cm';- of tins (. han|',e in tin: I hi. i^the l)i ll iipiioii ot ./";/»//■•■, but a awyiW'rit.r

Nature of the UealMic dt iMHikd into the I'lt.aiul rr.iched that I have ktore cited, (-ives iis, in my Jinli^mnu a
tip her yoimn '''"'• ^^ '"" ''"" ^^'"'P^ were cm c in mmh li.ttcr I'liiiirc of a Cmml : And, tlicritore, '

S,it.ty, they lill to leapini'.md id.iyin}; wiih their D.im, --'-■• •

who,'inComp.iny with her youni^oncs, led their Benctadtor
falcly out ot the Wildenuls *.

'l lure are mrny (lianj^c thiiip,s reported liy the Antients,
as to the Amouis Utwcen the l/opard and the Lionels.
'I'he Utter, they lay, b cxcccdinj^ly prone to the Company
I.I the former i and harini; th.it the 1 ,ion llioiild dctidt
her Intidelity by the IIiomi', Smell of the l.eop.m!, flic
keeps tor f ime time, .it a Dillmcelrom hcrConlort \ Inir,
when (lie linds licrMl prepranr, Ilie drferts him intiicly,
and teforis to the I lauiusot the l.iop.ird \ iH-caufe, when
the I.iun linds her youn^; on^-s fpotted, he te.irs the IJMi-
rious Bleed to pmis and challiles the Lionels liert'elt fe-
verely \ In the 1 i.ivils of //>c//6«;«j Twiiicus, we mccl
with many Intl.incis of the Tindcrncfsof Panthers to their
VoiiMp,, aiul of their (icntlenelii and I'ldility. Philojlra-
lus intotms us that from iheir ii.itiiral Wantoniiels the
rantheiswire held Lund to, and SymlH)ls ot lliabus ;
Imii other Authm'^ alciilie this to thtir Love ot Wine, in
wliuli they I'.illVr cytreimly from other Bcalls '. But,
whii. ver the Caiili mipjit be, the I act is certain, that tiiey
w. le hwvi ill fid to that Piviiiiiy ; .and tli.it the Cli.inot of
J).i.(i<ui IS 111 |ii.nily icprelentidas(ir.iwnbyLeop.m!s: But
a.s it is lomctiniis utln r drawn nor .ittcnded by lygrrs, I
«m inclined t>i ih.nk, tlut lictli were uled tor the lame
Kiafon, ■. ;3. to fliew tlut he was the Cor.qucnir of the
iHiiuft while llule Cieaturesn.itiir.illy relide i if there w.ts

not a moral Kiatuii fjr this Kepnfcntation, whiili might bring iortli r.ii.re th.in one Loal. Wwv eitlar copifs i,ff,
It iiuendid to lluw, th.it i vi ll the ficrcell and moll in- or .^ ot tlvl.inie Opinion: But .v«/i;j hohls, tlutth.yp
tr.ictab'e Nati.n s were loficiKd and civilized by tlw Charms but tm Months complete, and bung lorth in the beg.i.nirj
ol loi,.il Miith . ot the ciivinth. According to Jriji'.t!,', they art i\ry

I'heic was an oki Ijiw at J\omf, whiili forliad tlic jiriv.iie in their Copulation, n tiring into unln-qar.tcii
brinf'.ing any of tlufc Sprcus into July ■, but tor what Kea- Miadas and remaining there wliole Days-, at which Sa'M
foil It WIS iv.aile, or wliy they were more atraid ot tholc they are very furious'. At other times they arc i V17
than ol oi!ur w:ld Creaiuris, duis r.oC I'.'piar. However, getulc and tiaaaole Creatine, imdirlkiiui thi ir Drivers p:
when LiKiU! .hf,i:ia wa'slribunc ot the i'lople, lu \no- tictly, and, inllead of a Whiii, .ire i|uicktned in in.;:
cured a Lirenee, noiwithlkindiiig this 1-iw, to bring over i'ace other by a Vi\->c, or the Driver's Whillling.
J.iopards lor the (v.efi/i.tii Ciamc;. iV.HrrMJ w.as the lirll Indeed all Authors agree, that, rcxt to tlie iJepLat,
Mm, whom his /I'Alilelhip exhibited one hundred and fifty iluy arc of all Animals the moll figacioiis: Theyliw^',
1 lopards. r^mpn the (ire.it exceeded this very far; for like them, to receive their Burdens, and arife as I'jon a
Ir- p'oduccil luur liundie.l and ten. Bur, at the Duliiatloii tiny have their accullomcd Load. But, with all this, thiy
ol liie Temple ot .\A/>,i7//r.r, ./»j/(//;ri exhibited to the .ue veiy vindietivc v and, if Ix.itin, bear Malice a kn;}
People luur liundred and twenty Leopanls, and a tame time; and, whenever they have an Opportunity, tJil not
Leopard in a Cage, which was never fcen Ix'foie. But ol taking Revenge. 'I'he ,/r<j/'/d;/;, who are bill acqiuattl
the lanpiior (.'.).•(..'/«; piuJuced four tame Leopards at withtliem, reckon two forts of Camels; the tirll they al
omc*. //<;?<■«, which are the larger and the llioiipir Sort, id

But tlisis nov>- th'Hight no extraordinary thing ; for, in will i.u;y a thoul.ind or twelve hundral Weight, tr.w
the /-;,.' , I, th> y lame even thule of the laig. 11 and lierccfl Backs bung almoll f.at. The fecond are called ILbi:;
Kind, and kep tl.im at their rabk ;, where tluy tied as they are Kf , and i.mnot carry above hall the\\tii...i:
lieely andastiuKtly a% Dogs '. As to the Age to which 'I'hele have two Lumps upon tliiir Backs. '\\v hiiM
thele C re.itiircs attain, wc ir.tct with nothing certain, either and the Pa/uws make the laiiK Dillin(!tio:i, tho' tluy niiii:
in ol.! Authors, or in new ; but it is probable, ih.it as in ule of otiier 'J"erms ; lor they call the llruiigcr thcNoniitn
other reljx-its th^ y rcfanble, f) in their .Age tluy come Cam. h, Uc.iule bred, tor the mull part, on the hont.ers
ncir the Lion, vsliuli is ivit o!ill-rved to en'ioy .i v.iy long ol 'liUlary: The lell'er tluy i. ill .Southern Can.els.
Lif'', Some rri>ort, ili.« the Tyg.-rs and Leopards mingle ; It is certain, that they will travel lour or live Dj)i
which may Ih- tin: in .7^n<M, hut Inch Conjunitions are without W.ater, and fonie fay much longer 1 they go 1
1"!: Ir i]ii ntly nlii rved in the hui-.cs. It may not be amifs pretty round l'.ice, and r.tthe Kate of tliirtyor lorty.Mi-'
t'l .idd, tint in lunuing witli tluK- Uealls, when t.ime, they a-day, which tluy will continue, if Occalion requite, i.t
lit on the CnipiKt of the lluntfman's 1 lorle, with their thirty or forty Days together. They are a very tiiiMCJ
1 yes tovircd till the Game is roulld ; aiul then they arc Animal ; lo tlut il at any time they are liirpnl'id by a Lw,
'" !;'>'• Tvger, Leop.ird, or other Be.dl of i'rey, they afc;-|

If. The Camel is, at once, as tif.ful and as remark.iblc voured without making the leall KelillaMcc. It isrcnu;iv.-J
A C leatuir a', any tliat has ban vet me: tloiied ; nor is there of this Creature, as will as of the I'.lephiiit, that it tav
o;,e tl'.at makes a greater l'i,;urc in the Works of the An- Lies the Water Utorc it dniiks, and, very probajl.v, .-i

plfiVs'/^IJ^f

• ". », Sn' 11.1 /,i lui. f. 1;. <• l',',-!.,J /.',. il. ;,. ;j. ' IJ,m. htn. l,t, i, n. o,

. .Accuuiiiol O/uu before citcJ.

J P ill ill! Uim, i'^ "'

ll:

mvuiif.jii.v

Chap. II.

of the East I n* d i i<

46^

the famcRiafi"'- In one refixifl this Creature u viry
linaiiLir, wliif!! w in having no TctJh in iis upper Jaw,
aiiil yet it liiil't without any Inconvenience from hence ;
iinJ, iHrli'l'*' the want of Teeth, is, in feme Calls, rather
an AilvJntJgc to it.

The Smell of this Animal is fo iliragrreablc to Horfts,
th:it they will not cmliirc it ; i. I, by the KnowkilKc of
this C^rus gained a complete Viftory over Cr.e/us, King
1,1 l.yJiit t 'i*r» knowing the other tnillcd much to iiis
Supaiority in Cavalry, Cyrw poftcd a Botly ofCaiiuU
iivcr-.iuiii'lt them, and the Ilorfcs no Iboner pereeived
licit Scent, than they fell into Confufion, and ran away".
As to the A^e of this Creature Autiiors arc much divided.
/IriJiolU ailirts that tiiey do not live mutli above fifty
Years ; tvK PUny f«y'» 'h-^ if they cfcapc Accidents, thiy
oltcn .ipproath, and fometimes reach, an hundred '. Mo-
ilcrn Writers agree rather with the former than the
Littfr,

'llifrc are few Creatures that are in ail rcfpeifls fo va-
luable ■, for, licfidcs the Services they remler by Carriage,
iluirli.iir, which thiy flied every Year, is extremely va-
luable 1 f'lr, of this 1 lair, Camblcts, and other Manu-
Ku'hires, arc wrought i and the very Urine of the Bead
yidJs a confiderable Profit, fincc of tliat the true Sal Ar-
nioni.ic is made. The Lump on the Back is molt of it
lat, which, when melted, liecomcs an Ointment of excel-
Imt Ufe in difcufTing hard Swellings and in curing all
.Sorts of I'ains in the l.imbs, from whatever Cauie. I'he
Hcfli is wcll-talU'd, and the Broth much ufed by the C/jt-
mjt in afthm.itic Cafes : The Milk of the Camel is
thinner, and therefore eftecmed more wholfomc, than any
tjthcr, ffpccially in Conliimptions : Of the Dung, dried, a
kind of Snuir is made, which is faid to cure Bleeding at
the Noli'.

1 he received Opinion amongft the Antients, that tfic
Cani.lprd'crv.d Water in its Stomach % has been ridiculed
by tiim ■ ot the Modtrns as equally foohfh and falfe \ but
(I'.htis alR It, th.it, on DilTeiftion, there appear four Ventricles,
c.ij.ble ot holding a conliderable CJiiantity of Water, with
ll.lis into the .Stomach, by which, it is fuppofed, this
traturc ferccs the Water, contained in them, to mix
v.;:li the liry I'ood that is in its Stomach, by holding its
iiratii. It is, on the other Side, alTcrted, that, in Arabia,
tii.rf are a Race of Camels that never drink at all, but are
!u ;[)!xii with Moidure from the Grafs, and Tops of green
'Inrs, onwliirhthcy feed; but, with refpeft to this, I
tiu not prctti'd to decide, defiringonly to report fairly fuch
la:^as 1 have met with.

The Camel is as much the Theme of modern Travel-
Irs, as ot the antient Naturalifts, and they .igree excccd-
int;ly well in their Peiirriptions with the former ; fo that
wc have all the Reafon in the World to believe, that Ixith
may be depended on. The modern Travellers ohfL-rve,
that there cannot be any thing better liiitcd, than the Na-
ti:r: of this Animal, to the C'omnieri.e of the hidns.
They tell us, that frum the very time the Camel is brought
f'Tih, it is accuftomed to Burdens •, that tluy take care to
I !af r itb I ,(gs in their proper I'oflurc under it, and then
l-y Lch a Weight ujionit, as, keeps it in that St.ite tor a cer-
tain time ; ami, by repeating this Method, they lieget luch
allabitin the Beall, us renders it tradable and obedient tor
lite. Tiiis appears to be the more necclTary, becaule, na-
'irally, the Cjnicl has a great Degree of Obllinacy ; and,
i-'juyh it readily kneels to receive its uliial Load, yet, as
I 'un as it leels that Weight upon its Back, it riles at once,
Jill will not fulTcr any Augment.ition ''.

1 he Capacity of this Creature, to bear I lunger ami Fa-
'■;;iie, is viry extraordinary ; and the Moderns afilrt more
Ui'im this Head than the Antients. W^e are particularly
tuJ, hy a Writer eminent for his Candour, that a Camel,
'|i ;il'it ot Lull, will go forty-two Days without eating;
cwiiig which time, they arefo furious, and ibmifchievoiis,
I'Uttliirc isnogoing near them, and therefore they take
"f" to put them into I'l.ices where they can do no hurt.
^wnc afil! t, that this Creature is enabled to fall longer

than any other, by a fort of graJual Confumptioo In hit
own Body, which lupphes, lijr .1 certain time, to the Sto-
mach, wh.it Ihould be derived from Food \ but then it
weakens him exceedingly, inlornuch, that a ftrong Camel,
after the Ht of Lulk ii over, is Icar^e abk- to fulUin A
tenth I'art of his ufual Load '.

Thefe Animals are at all times very fober Feeders, fo
that they are able to llibfift on a very litdc Marter, whicli
enables them to pi rform luch prodigious Journics, as, fqr
the Convcniency of Ctimnic ice tlicy are put upon, all
over the Kail ; (i) th.it it is vifibly the Willhun of Provii
dence, that dcfbined this Creature to be the Native of
Countries where fuch a Beall was ablolutely ncccfliiry for
the Service of the Inhabitants ; and it may he regarded; as
an additional Proof of this, that the .ifrican Camel, which
fares harder, and has (lill greater and more uncouth Journies
to take, is larger, (Ironger, and capable of carrying heavier
Burdens, than the Camels of J/ia. The Moderns have
likewife dilcovcied lijnic medicinal Virtues in the Camel,
which do not appear to have bjcn known to the Anticnti ;
As for Inftancc ; that the Br.iin of it, when dried, is i;i a
manner a Specific for the Palling Sicknels ; that its Urine
is an rxrclleiit Prefervative for the Teeth and Ciumr. ; and
that its Dung is capable of rcfolving white .Swellings, r.nj
is an excellent Cure for green Wounds '. It is no wonder,
thcretijrc, that the Arabs acomit tluir Camels their
greated Wealth ; anil, it is the dearcll Proof of their
I'irmnefsin their Cullonis, that thy .;r^' lot, in this rtfjitift,
at all changed from what tluy were intiie Days oi Arijlctle,
who afTirms, that fomc of them were poircU'ed ot 3000
of thefe Animals '.

15. The Dromedary is, in the Opinion of all the Na-
turalids, a Species of the Camel ; and, thouj^h it be
weaker, and lefs capable of car" ying Burdens, yet, in other
refpedls, it is of no lels ufc. Inlle.id of one large Bunch
on its Back, as the Camel hxs, the Dromedary has two
Lumps of Fat, fi) diljiofeil, that the Vac.incy bef.vccrt
them is a kind of natural S.Khile; and, as they are lighter
m.ide than the Camel, and ferve only to carry a I'allenger,
fo they go much eafier, .ind at a much greater Kate ; for
whereas the Camel h.is a fliuflliiig unealy Pace, in which
it goes at the Rate of ten Leagues a-day, or thereabouts j
the Dromedary has a regular, brisk, .ind not very uneafy
Trot, in which it will, without Dilliculty, peribrm a
Journey of forty Leagues in a Day. The Feit of this
Creature are obferved to be as lult as a Sponge, fo that
they are not hurt either by Stones or Sand, but travel on
much at the fiime Rate, let the Ro.id be what it uiil ; they
kneel to receive their Riders, as the Camel dois for Ins
Load, and rile as fooii as a Man is lixcd u] on tinir
Back \

They are likewife capable of faring hard, and will
endure Third tor four or five Days, but are not able to
bear altogetlur fo much F.itigue as the Canicl. The
Arahuws call them Ragudhill, or Elmahari \ and the
dronged and bed are l)red in the Northern Countries :
They make ufe of them in the Indiis for going Pod, and
P'-xpreffes frecjuently perform a Journey of eight hundred
Miles upon them in the Space ot a Week. There is one
thing very fingular in tlielt: Animals, which is, that th: y
go much better, and have greater Spirits in hot Weather,
than if there be any Wind dirring ; and, ir is obferved,
that the dighted Breeze makes them duggiih and lazy '.

We have in the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of
Sciences, a very curious Paper in relation to this Creature;
it confids in the Account given by the Perfian Ambaf-
failor to Mr. Qti/iance, who, from being a Servant in an
Er.gliJJj Faiitory, became t^rd Minider to the King of
Siam \ and who, at the Requeft of the Midionarics, took
upon him to inquire of that Amballidor, what he knew
in relation to the Dromedary, which is hardly known to
tJie Sinn:cfe. \\c told hiin, that they were brought ori-
ginally from Tmki-Jidn, which is the only Part of Aftn
where tlu y are bred in Pertijiflion ; that thi y were very
much edeemed in Pafta., on account of their carrying fo

' P'tjn Sirutagtm, tih. vii. ^ A, ipol. Hill. Aniyi. lik V. c 26. Pliry, HI. viii. e. 1 1:'

B- 32.

« Hijl. Animal, lib. v.

'' 'Jbivinjt, Icm.

' A.-if). H,/l. Anin. I,!: V fr Js y.i>f.
f.^Ol. ' lalitl Dtjci iftion Jf fAfrijue 0<ciJi.iilu!it,

ii /■. 517 ' rjiir.^a'ti'i\'\x\\i\i(i\tu\s^\ AiiiLiu.

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Tk Dilcovcrv, .Scttlomcnr, tim/ Commerce W^ol ]

' lion ', liki- ()x<n ; nor willi 'I'li'Li, Iik< iln. wiMRj^,

• imr \Mt!i it« N.uls, *. t ats i lim wulnti li.r', , »| , '
liowfivcr, ail- iHif vfiy llijip, anil I ivt rafiurti if: , !•'

• Iniiiry, ili.in t(iriv«iij;,c it : N.»y, iviii ilitk 'lnr 'i "
' nuthiiig III clifiii v^immous litif 'li'il'' of niuil ,i \

• Aiiiiiulv 'I liii l'rr.iiiiri' vti\ liioii;iJit \,,jn\ fii, ,

• uik! iinr.ntr«i to the l'm|Kriii, who onlirnl it lu ! J i

• thtK tlir jirimijul Sirnti of tlie City, tor UvcmH).,,

Iv)r tlu' liivcrlionot hi% SulijiClt ' 'I'lusn^

c:ur ;;;,.;

nuifh iMfirr tlv\n ili'- Cmnl, I'y th.ir )\.\\m\\ two Hone Km
i>M thrii Hiikv I'lur, iKiw.vtr, ihrl • Huiulm wctc not
iiiultf l>y any Irrci'.ii'-«"fy *'' tlif .S;iif.c, wliith w.t> an Hat
.(ii.l ivii\ iintl, I ilicin, at in .my otmr I'art <■! iln" HaiU »
Imii that tli*y witf a km. I ol ^jLinilultmi hul'llmus .il'"»it
lix In« hit 111 I li-it',h{. I Ic jvlJfil, th.if , a< t" the i oinnum
R.pofi lit thiir hivmR a Supply nt liclh W.it' i la fhcir
Stimi.uhs, which, in txt/iiiv N< ' riT.ty, Travel kr< lotne-

lum* Wire loriiil to have rctoiirfi- t'> in thi- DdaitJ tor ,

thi- lavmp ol their i.ivc?. it was al.loluicly a labli-, jliin l)<Kri|non (n m M I'yi-witmlM h iKit ih,;5 ,j

w.th...ut the \r.\\\ Koiimlat.oii ' . ''"' ''"" '"«'^ **«•'"" '" '"'^''^ •'» ''""i' '"^ - ''one, [ ^j

Ihe t.iir.cu* t'L'jb Itbiin, v.'ho governed the /»'/'<"• «'"'' " ••" i'"'>r.''''>'y Aniin.il, .ui.l a Cnaiiif v.m ;„,,,

tnipiri- witli to miich Urjuitifion, cntrivnl 4 Method, by h.ul l-s.itu.ic in Nutiir.-. 1 *'o not mil cl iTitcn.lii,,:,!.,

whiili he mu'cthc Dnimcl.tri's ^xtrtiiuly iir (n! to hiin that loinc Inch in.>i;;ii ary Aniii.aU are tu Iv mt «,il,i,

in tin..- ot\V..ri Nvlmli w.is a thin-, nnthou'lu .)l hv any I't tl»e Writing ot the Anrunts ; On the roiitrar., | ii„;|

lil» l'ru!c>-tli; rs beiaiile f! ev .lu .i ti iion'us An niai, .mil Hi^f Ionic Ir.lhnus ot tins kiiul h^'nattir. At j.r.i ,-,f, ,

ra-.rot Ixhou'hr t uiurf,. l.kcal lorle : Hut tlii'. l-irjKn)r tniiik it l.tt-rfti pri Icrt ilie Uia.ta NMth ar.otlicr |l , , .

mai!( thrm iilfliil in .uiotlur w.iy : A Udx Iho'i Un.ke out tion, troni .m l.yi-w.tml. IiI.mvi!. : l'...t it v.t!: U'i..rl;.,;v

near the Cry ul ./;".( in his .VL-lcnrc, on a .Supiiofiticn, ««• picnulr, in th.- tiMt »'!acc, th.it tl.i; Autlu.r I. mi r.uv

llut it »..* im.x.liil'lc Jor liim to ni.iiih Uiclv ag.iin l:clorc K^-'ng toijirt.ti , wa, irr; nnly cr.ill ii;ni ,i> lu h„ [-^ -, u

the Rebel? h.iJ allcinliol Foros cnoni'li to niak • thtiti- ^'^ Cic.iturcshc ti-.riit.oi,}, loiJil uU Ik ilicL A!.n..ili,y

Jcivcs Mailers o| Ins Capital. 1 U iva^ no loomr inlormat ^'••»». Jnd by the A..t:*r 1 hav.- bitorc ilr.O , ui,„;,. p,.

ct thi>, than hi iniiim-.il i-.ckx. (.1 lii^ iliui.elt I roi.pj Kiipf-"'* ••B^<'» very we;l wit', wh.i Pl.ih lay. i:i i;,.,n,

ii[)on DioiiK 'aiiti, ami, in thf J'p.ice ot niiK- IViy , mu(c
a M.ir^h ot liveii liiiiiiln-il Milis , whiili lo .itldiiilhi-.l the
Kctxi), wliiii (luy hi,ikl tli.it tin I'lnpcn r wat witnia a
I'.'wMilij ol tlum, that thry ililpitlcil withoit a Hluw,
ami hi' liaJ tin- 1 li>n<,ur ol lu; prillin-.T, by th- Qiiirlcntfs
ot his IiiVin:ioi), an Inlurncuoi , tlvir, it tlif C hict', 1 1 it
h.iil g.iincii tune to have ext-int-il tlv.ir riiijH Ir, nii"ht pul-
libly h.iv^' ii>i':i\i.l li.nioi ili- (invirrment ; tor, ir wa^at-
terwarik known, 'lat I' nir i.t the Ci'niralsol his .\riiiy h.ut
Jcirtt lntrii',uis with the Maliionttnts-, but this liidi'tn Vic-
tory, ivinrit by the Switinelsol hiiDroniiil.itiis.ilir.ijipointcil
ihcni intircly, anil<iMij;tilthvin to lay aruL- tluir Dtlirn'.

I'j. 1 he (iirall'r, or L'aniilopanlus, as it is la'lril by
thr AnLtnts wx. aCuaturj b^mr known to t.'iun than it
ii to u>. Aiii'riiiii[', to the Aiiu'.ipts they p've us 1 1 if, it
ictimliieJ tuc Ciini'l only in its 1 ie.ui ami .Niik, wiiiili it
cariieJ more upri^^ht •, an 1 ha 1 Ironi ih.ni.e a bo'iiir ami
a litnir Alp'.i't. 1 lu Jlair w.n either ri il nuxul witji
white, or wnite niixel wiih nil. It was ol tlie I Iii{;ht of
a I lorlf, .mil Ih.ipiil like it in the Chill ; but towanis t.'ic
KiiUi It was io luiiiler, as to le more Ike the Ape than
any oihr t rcituri'. All that /'.'/«y tills us ot it is, that
the l.thiopuns calkil it S.ibis \ ami that the tirll time it
was teen at R'-^rf, w.is when the C.r. tnfum ( iaini s were ex-
hibited by C'.r.o tin- Dutator. .Smie tliat tune, l.iys he,
I IS t rs atiiie loin s iinw-an.l-thtn to A'sw/f, nv;re to tx*
p.i 'ei! on lor the Sini.iil.iriiy ol its ,-\]iptaranie, ihan lor any
.••.iv.i^;. Ill Is in III .N..Uirc i ot wisKli, lays he, it lus to

lU'.L'iihs ilelitilis rh«!ii thus- ; * 1 law, U)i icjlmi: t

• ot tli'.in at liniihi Cii >o , c.i. h havii.y Cso I; :;; ||it,)

* m tlio I orchcail, about t.ve L.il.ci I'l.^w l'U.t.n«iii,'i
' appeareii a Hunch, like a ihuil 1 1' fii, aLout tt'oliiilri
' hi^li : I rom the 1 ail ti iIk Cikwii ut ilie llu.', wj.

• about iip.htccn 1-eet : H.s I .e(»s were iiai. h ot a I -;it|,

* Ictcre ami Ixhiiul ; but t!i L'pi-ci ,uiiit, u l5!.i„,.;,i.
' Ixjne, was muih lonj.'/ r thui the lli'i'li: Mii liil;

* ilope.', like till Ki.li',1- ol .1 I luiil i liis uliulc h(L) I!

• letiiblnm. III C'okair, tli.it ol al'tiri but IprirkliJ a,l

* over with lart'i* tv|uare .Sputs. lbs 1 ect u.reilimn,
» like thoie ot an i)\ \ hi» Upp<T-lip iLUipn;; nv.ril'

♦ iiiiilet : His I ".ifl 111 mill', ihitiitticnuy thm oili.ir, ,ii,i
' tulUil at th • !■ Ill •, lus Man..- Iil.^' tli..t o; a IIuiIl': .ivi
' In- hnip' .1 in moviii;',, hub o;i the kii;lit l.'.i;, ai..lth;i

* on the Lett: \Shin he i.it, liraiik, ur ti)u.» any Ui,",;
' tfoiii the Gioum', ii : llretiluil out h;$ loutu: i i.r
' otlier'.s lie they would havcliinitereii linn, lli> laj;,,

• as fc/cpb Hiirharui writ.', is two Iva in l.c.'ptV, or i.
' dark l).ue Colour, lon^ ami roumi l.kc an hliU'i
' whiih lie gatliiTs I lelbs, i.e.iVis, a;..l C;,-.i:., i;;t,; l..;
' Mouth, with woiidiitul Dixtiiity.*

riieic IS without doubt, a very y>\A-: P iVinrcc b;.
tween thele l)illript;(>ns, mloiiuuh tli.it I vay ii,;;.i
I'.niibt whether they IkIou^; to the tame Aniiiul ; iUt.j
QiulUcn I', whiil) nn.ll ukmMes the C.imelopani.^ «;
tiie Ai.ti'.r.tb : And I nnill conMs tl..>t, m my Oj'::..',
it IS thr brll \ at ka^l it isi. rtam, th.it I'ns n ihi- ti.r/;
whiili uc.Ilid a Cii; itle in the /«./■(•', an ! is Irsqic::/

liltlr, th.it liinu (lile it awiM Sheep.

• 'Ihcctkbraied /'j;/i/;vwcr/<j, who was at 0«/?.;'</;>ttf/',V t.juiid in the Woods ot /ic«i,«.'. As tor t:.e Lfw:.;.

wh' n one ot thele was bruiyht tliither. in the Ku^n ( I the w!,ith litl.'omus faw at Qi.ro, it is an Aniimi amnn

I nii<-ror MiJ',iiIP(i!.rc:i^^us, towaids the dole ol the <ni.ui;h in /tb: pi.i; and is detiribul by l-athir .*'/««'

tiuiie.i.th Crr.tury, j'.ives U' a lar[i;ir DiKii; tion ot it'than Mfn.icZ under th ■ Name ot S:riilbo(iWi<!u:, tli.it is U

1^ any where to Ik- nut with; and tiKTcti.r- I lliai! Iran- "" ' -■ ' ■ ■' ■ ' i..™...

1. iibc It 1 the r.ither becaule this is an Author not Ire-

iiuently cited : ' 1 iie (iiralle, lays he, is an Animal \o , -

* rare, anJ lu womlciful, that I have thou{;!it it not iiii- l''"r, thoiij^li muih lliiiilcrer, it n- hii^lirth.in anl'I-p'-''
' pro[x-r to inlert a Driinption ol it, to leinOi the Me- Its tore K.r- are comiiionly twlve I lamis h#, ii'">^"
' mones ot luih as law it, and to nuke it knuwii to liiili
' -s, jjiriup-s have not hearil ot it Utore. It is ol the
' Big ills ot an At', , Its Colour white, t'pottnl like a Han-

* iher, b..t w:th rul. Its ,Sliap,e rdemblcs that ot thole Iccn m Rout by lui h a U mer as /V/flv, '> ^''''"Y'^
' Camels whuh have a Kifiiii^ in then Baik, Iron) th.-ir given us to tliorr ami dry a I Vh ri,.tiun tt it Y'"' '^' '!".'
' Tails to their .Shouldrrs: lis Forelegs are lonj^er than mcntione I, wi.ia it niuil liave Iren iritimttly i §"•''■■
' ;ts llimlaoniv, us Nuk f.eiider hk.- that ol a Cr.ine, Curiolitv, than any that had ever bun teen tlur.' '.

' with a Imall I Fad, (l.ai ed like that ol a Camel : The On the oflier hand, it is very clear, ''"^ ^"''■■;*;

' Hiily isliite-. and a broad brreak ot Blark down its Hack, lasv the veryCnafure tlut /'.'(/.■v d.T. r:b.s i .im-, ttii'''^ ■ •

' troiii t:ic Neik to the Tail i i;s l^y^, cxicedmi'.lv tl.in, Wt liav.- gi^xl Keaton to b-lu V. . tiut tl**; *• f"™'" / : ' .

' .nd Its I liyots cloven, like thole ot the Uetr. It was lo nius law -ere by liinionly llibd ''''■/•■■'' ^^''y''' ''''.;. .

' i;.-ritle, that it lulieicJ iilell to be touched, and even to his IIi'bTy ot J:ibiopi,i, blamis |-athir ;\>'"i- "'V;-','

' bi- guid.d, by a Child. The bood ot this Animal w.is lor callny ihc Cre.;ture he law :<l'u:h- *>"«"■<■< ^"'^^

' Hri!^, Mial, aid B.irl-y. When attacked, ii liiKsnot CameLpM;tus, oi Came.op.ir.UiH', wim h is ilw^^ ''^ ""

* -'.lei.d itltlt with lis 1 litis, a. Holies I'.o, nor with by /V»/n '. Tiie Amount ol all thii l<wlj:i' b ' '

Ollrich Camili hi', aul'e, liy^ he, it nlcn.bliS :n ■•-
."^hape, theOllriih : But this Cre.itnic ii a'liAVal hi.,
who have leiii it, to Ix tlie lall-ll Ai'.imal in die ^^'f

M.111 on I lorltb.u k i.in pais iimler tli.ir Ikly, i< niry
who have lien them in htbrp:.i, p .litivtly alu.t. on'.'X
can liurce l>r Ivhev.il, tlut it this Cniiuic l.a^l l"-"^' '

4 Li' 11^. itttativt

l.fs

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1 .••Si„f!t

■y

Chap. II.

of the East Indies.

47 i

,. than to (hew, tint we aiv in miicli priMtcr Pani^i'r ol' «Miifc lir JdiyhfrJ mucli in the I.iinting of thcfe Animals,

over
ii luppu:

, ,uj,,.JcJ to be, wc mull liilt bo lure, tlut (Ills w,H in.iy luLl to this another Proof of the fiimc Nature, viz.

Rally the Creature iic faw •, whereas, I think, I hav»i that oml-, imlccil tlie lad of t\K Kbaliffs, of thMmniitides^

iiiiJeit more than probable, that it was not: Alter nil, if wan fiillcil Mcnmi Ihmar \ or Mervan the Als, (for tha

ilitrebe.asit iscert.unthercis, a Creature talletl a Ciiwp, .M<i,m uiV the VVonl Hemar both for a wild and tame

kIS

crGVn/i', in the /;;i/«, which agrees cxadlly wiih the AInJ on account of his great Courage and Strength. This

Dd'aiuaoa ot tiie ;\nimal Hen AtConftantinnt'lii lieiwem liMj^ular Animal is not, however, particularly defcribed by

lourai'a fivelmnJred Yearsago.and which was then allowfd any whu have travelled in the Indies. But it is alfo a Na*

tj be the Citntffi of the Antients, I cannot appr.lu lul, tivc of various Countries in Africa. And this affords us

hv we lli'iuhi ""t adinit this to b>- tiie Creaiuri' iiuih Hit Opportunity uf obliging tlu Reader witli an cxaft De-

wliy

,,' f ,1 bv I'iiitu which involves us neither in Abfurdity l! ription and I'rint of it, from an Author of unqueflion
'•' ' , ' _..i .1 .. ...;.i. n.i) ..: .1 ..l.i. . . i . .. i i i i- i ..

,or Coiuiavlic'tion, rather than agiee with lielLims m\
Lulif, 111 U"Ppo""o ''"' prodigious Animal, which latlur

MeiiJiz, aiul many other Travellers, have lien in I.Hi'
cpia, to'b^ the Cumdofardus of the Antitnts \ tho»i<^li it
ilocs'iiDt, in unyrel'pect, agree with the Dellnptioiis tjicy
luvi-KivenuftlnsCieature.

iS. The wild Afs, as we find it defcribed by the An-
f;ems, i' undoubtedly an imaginary Cicatuic i and the
v.ry Ud'-iiptiun of it, is, in a manner, a fuHicieiit I'loul, loiiie wlnte,
Ocfus telib iiN that it is of the i-.izc of a 1 Jorle \ that it hiU A blended am
tiin; white l ront, and on it .i Hum, ut the l-ength ot a C'u'
bit J the Upiier-pait of wluch is red, and the lower black ;
Til.: 1 h\u! ut a purple Colour, the l''.ye of a brit^ht blue,
.a:;.l the IJjdy white, but llreaked with leveral Colons \ atid
t.i; Co.it of a inoil exiiuifite Beauty. When lull puiliuil
liy the Hunters, it does not move at any great Kale j
kit, mcrealiiig iu -Speed by dejii-ees, it llies, at lall, \Mih
full proihgioiis Swiltnel's, that no llorfe can come iiqir it,
ilk- only iMethod of taking n, i.s by watching when it j^o^s
i:.tu the Meadows to teed its Young \ ot wlikh it \s li»
t lu.er, that it will never abandon them, however di

able Credit ". 1 le dtllribcs it thus :

I'lie wild Afs is one of the loveiieft Animals I have eveP
IccM \ he is (if the Si/e of an ordinary Sa.idle-IIoife -, his

I .illlb", liiicly turned, and well propurtionetl i his Coat
Very iiift, and dole} from his Main to his Tail, there runs

II l.irue black l^ilt, t'rom whence proceeds abundance of
Mrclki, whiJi, filling regularly down on b.)th Sides, meet
lllulcr lii'i Iklly, thele Streaks arc of liilferent Colouis,

lonie yullow, others of a Cheiiuir, which are
1 mixed on their Sides, lb as to llrike the Eye
txccediiigly by liieir beautiful Mixture: The Iliad and
rlif Liais aie in lil;e manner llreaked with very beautiful
ColwUt:. ; The Hair of his Mane and Tai', for the moft
pait, cither white or of a Chelimtcolour, wi:ha finall lu-
ll i mixture of Vellow. This Creatuie is fu fwilt, that no
I luili.' can conr- near him » io that it is with inliiiite Diffi-
culty h" it uvci taken i and whenever they are lb lucky as
10 Catch cne, it is Ibkl at ;•. very extravagant Rate,

I'athcr icllez ' informs us, that the Gnat M'-^^id gave
iwo thouliiiul iJucats for one of them. AbiiiuMnce of

I'aiiiH have been taken at the Cape of Good Hope to tam«
llrclkiii It expoles itfcir, in their Delenct-, to all Danger!,, lllciii, but to no purpofe ; though they liave been taken
with a molt eielperate Courage, combating the lluiiteu Vety young: Anil it is reported, that, of all Creatures in
Iwh with Its Horn and Heels, t.ll, in the ImkI, luing ilui k 'he Workl, it has the llrong, li and moll ungovernable
tdlofDaits, It dies through Tots ot BIciOti : '1 he l»di,m\ fallion lor Liberty. The Reader, after reading this Dc-
ab leoi) as it tails, cut olV its 1 lorn, and its 1 loo|5, whu h l< liptioii, which agrees ixacT^ly with that given us by an-
aiL ef the nioll bright aiul beautiful Reii ■, and next, ll'i/, Other Travelh r, ot great Reputation, will alk why it is called
ini; the young ones, diey carry them home, and brnil an Al'u and the only Anfwer that can be given is, that, with

ill Ifi Beauty, it has the long and large liars of th.it Ani-

thiin uj) tame, Kxperiencc having taught them, tliat it
this t. re, ituie once .ittains it-, full Strength, which it doen

nial, lioiii whence it eeiives us Name. ^\x. Lit do If com-
inabuut twoYcirs, it is impullible, by any Art, to tont^iler |iLiins of this moll heavily, and willies tli.it, to tree the
tht Suva-eiiels ot Its Nature '. As Ctijias rellded at the Animal lromthisDil"gr.ice,it might have its Ears cut off =*

Chji,
Ferftii CoUit, and wrote all his Account ot the /«i//('j Imm
llr.irlay, we need not wonder, that he tell into lucli Mil=
t.ikes; Neither is it at 'all improbable, tli.it Ibme ot thell-
Vtiniilion 1 hirns .md 1 loots, which were ilyed ul tins Co-
Lar by Art, might be carried to the l\rfuui Court i and
tins .Sioryut t!ie w.ld Afs invented, to make them tell at a
durcr Kate •, linee many Inllances might be given ul
r'iauiiof tiie like N.ituie, practilal witli the fame V'iiW,
in regard to other Cumnioditier-.

1 .i;s .Story, however improbable, fecms to have kept
its Groiiiki tor a long time, lince Pliny tells us, that the
In.lx.t Als ii.id only one 1 lorn ; anil that lui other CiiMiuie,
i:i.it did nut divide the Hool, h.id I'allern Bones " ; Hut
lie i;ivi:s 1,5 no dillmd Uelcnption ot chis Animal, The
oiicnial lliilorits Ipeak mudi of the wild Als, and ai =
ki.uwlic.g;; it to be the twiitelt and moll Ix'autilul til all
tjer touud .Vninnls. In the old i^crfian Language, tlin
Cri.itiire «a"! called Gur, ox G cur, and liabantm, one til
!a- ani lit K.iii:;s of that Country was lurnann d liuihiram
'j'-ii', t:;iniL^h Authors do not well agree as to the RiaioH
Soaic iqiort, tlut it was bccaule he once (hot, when he'
ttadiu,iti;ig, a Lion, and a wild Als, that were lighting,
with the i.inic Arrow : 3ut others allirtn, that it was ln;-

\Vc owe to this Writer another remarkable i'root ot the
lli.iiity and Value of this Creature -, wlio informs u?, that:
an . iliyfjinian Embaff.idor ■AiUatavia havingma-le a Prelcrt
(it nlie of them to the DutJj Governor-General of the
I'idia \ he, by the next Ship, fer.t it to the Emperor of
y.//i<i// \ who was fo charmed with it, that he made_ the
Company Returns in Money and in rich Silks, to tlie Value
ol one hundred and (ixty thouland Crowns.

Mr, ■■llei-oiU tells us, th.it he law one in its Patlligc
through /.t'v/'/, which was a I'rel'ent to the Grand Signor j
and was fu'exiiuilitJy beautiful, tkit he could not help
lill'pcding there was Ibine Art ukd in colouring its Coat ;
lor which, however, there does not appear to be any jutl
louiidation \ Some of our old I'Mvellers to the hdics
ivpurt, that, near the Mouth of the River Gnrsfs, the
^s'atives lliewed them abundance of Horns, which they al-
leiteil to be the Horns of wild Affes: Whence it api^ears,
tint the Author lirll-mentioned did not invent the Story
lie tell'i us concerning them '. There is a very extiaor-
din.iry Cieature, not only defcribed, but expruffed in a
Wooden Cut, liy Vurchas: He tells \.m, that it is bred in
the Kingdom ot Con^o, and is there called Z(bra \ It is,
lays he, of all Creatures the moll comely, reltmbling an

J."i/hl H'nit il'iiiiitl hut. ii./i.

1' P/inj A',l/. N'jl- HI"- »'»'■ c- 2.1.

, j»;ill«l throiig,li ,,,* . i,..iM,,. J w, »f,. .'..,,^ff, -M t, " - — ■ /• ' '■ 1 I • I II r rl f

' L'":wii,., Horn : Ar.J l.auluu, ruilui, ihal lum.-ul lliilll wiiMil \,ly cusit I'ritc i and tlul u tt.isoni) ol tliC 1>I'. VJliuWc nciiis out
If; u,Jdf driiik.r,H i-up,, Jiid idorjirJ tl,nr lluai.r, Milli I'lfitii. dI llmil i ol wlneli In law man). " ^'^^ '"' P'Ki':""< ^ »'• ''• P/ Sl»4-

'*.":Mlit,.„..l>„,„J[,„ i!f*,„, .., /«.'■,.<, iJul III liii /'«/<M-,.4M< 'JM I"- g.v.-. u.«i,.rgcr Account t.om thu Coi.verl.ition ot .i^drt-uj
^'■til, wiu, tjfinj. Sfj'-.int lui y'.^-r.j;,,,.'* Cimpiiii), llioutlil la, ml luihi' tAsrtlion ,.r otiier, tj uiM aw^y ifwi.i ihf"'. *"»» "»«a m,ic ftlonou
'i> ;ii« Wwud-,, whieri ^.ri him hf.iju,, (Jpccituiiitii- uf oljimuinj llil>, imJ ullm wild iiiMUa, „ j.

,«

'|i> ill!

Wwm

?r,'i--v
1 ■

tiJl

J -;; {

fi-'rf i

Wt '

I f

47i ?7a^ Difcovcry, Settlement, ^;;r/ Conimeixc Bool^j

one miyhf Invc iniapintil, th.it it w.« durdv i r,
I-...uy, if Mr. A.'./^,'«, wl„ :,„ w. have lo olJn l '"''^^
liaii not allliral us, tliat a (."nature oi this Kiml TZ'^'
aaiially f«-n \n Jfrt^.t, m.t tar from the Cat -f"
Ilcpr. Tl,c Story, in l.Ls own Wor.i., runs ,C''M

' rcmcmlHT to I

w»vr k-cn, in thr 1 ,(xig,r,g, ^^

Olo/hcrg, the I'ldur? ot a;i Animal which cva'
i; mhlrci tho nelfription given of the Porphn^cs ''\ ']'
anOiiiH.nunity of m<]uninf!; affr thr Jkn"' jiJ' '"^
rcccivTcl from the C'a(na!n tlit tuIlowingAaoimt- 'r
travcliinjT, once in th? Cour.try of' tlic lUii'-ifcf ■
confidcralk- niftanre Iron) the Ca()c, he law an A-"' '

rxaftly hkc that reprircnteii in the IVturc

ncviT tern, or iiuicc.i hearJ ol, any thing like

he took iunv time to cunlider it,' with (injtul.ir \[t

•in'!, I;,iv,rg

\Ur\\. ,>rr!i" finrft Make, and ovirlaiil witli jurty rolouretl
1 .aas .•■• (.irs Inim I Uail to Tail. It is wry char, Irom
this Drllriiti.in anil from thcCiit. that tliis /,•/;•.; is no otlicr
than thewil.i Ai;. Punkis hail his Account Irom /Mrrjj
R.-.V,7, w!i() liva) Iume; in the Kin'^lom ot C^np, ami lu'l
Jhot many ot tlutlr Cnatures wild in the Woods ; tor t!icy
«\rc fl) 'httie aciiuainrcd witii Kire-Arms tliar, when he
hai tliot on;, the irtt ot the Herd Itooil {',a/.ini!; at liim,
till he had lTcn;-^ht down three or tour more : \\ liieh Ac-
Count of his i> the more credible, inaliiuich as it a^irees
lYtli-cliy with oth.r Relation-, concerning this Creature.

t.j. The Antients mmrion, Ix-lid.-s tiie wild Al's, .nn-
(tlier huUan .Ai imal, wliich they called in Gr:(k the Mc-
iiucns ; 111 l.i:t:'i, the IJicrn, or Lni.srn. This Cna-
ture is thus delvribed by Vl.ny : It is l^'ys hr, the fierccll
ar.dmoil t^uious lk'.>ll in tliJWoild-, in its Body, rclem-
Hii'.g a ll-irlc -, in his Ile.id, not unlike a Stai^; ■, his \-\a
h.iv.ny tome 1 .ikencis to ihul'e ot an I'.leiihaiit -, and his
Tail, rellmShnc; tliat of a Hoar. The No;k- made by this
C'reatur.' is hideous and terrible-, in his 1-orehead lie has
.1 bhiik Horn, a'out t!iree Ft\t in Ixrngtli, with which
he rodefuidshiir.ljlt. that, .is it is faiii, he cannot [vjlli-
b!v Lh' taken a'ive. Another Writer of Antiquity ontra-
ilicls tlu- Ltter I'ait of this Account, .and alF.ims, tliat the
bdians not only take, but tame them, and make uli- ot
them to dr.iw in Charu ts •, but he own?, that this is im-
p.'.n:"liial)!e, it thi y arc alv.ve two Years old when tliey aic
tikm i an ! tliat they are always governed by a lliarp Hir,
or ra:h;r a Bit with litde .Spikes in it. 1 Ic mentions allii
Uuir black 1 lotns, and lays, that the Cups made of them,
will not hold any I'o'.lln '. All thcfc Stones Item to bj
founded in the admirable i'ropcrties of the 1 lorn ot the
Kiiinuccr.'s, which i.s p.rhaps, the only L'nuorn t!i.-.t
ev.r exiiled.

I'he Manticora is another Creature, which all the antient
Writers have me::tiijn-i! en the Credit of Q-fiuS \ Hut
Arij}otU ", in I'lxakmg of it, liiys, that if Cuj, ' be t > Ix:
behevc.l, there is Inch an Arumal, and then copus lii> IH-
fcrijtion 1 which is this: The Manticora ha. a Face and
I'ars refembling a Man, blue Kye% and the rcil ot its
Bo.ly red, (if the Si/.c and Shape of that of a l.ion. I',
is armed with a tiiple Row ct Teeth, a.'ivi devours l'(jt!i
Men and Bcalh, havin;.^ a I'ail armed witii .i Sring, like a
.•scorpion-, his Voice rclemljits th" N(.i!e cl a Mule and
Tiumi)ct founded togaluT. '1 his Heat\ is cxcelLvdy
fwitr, ,uid one of the moll drcadtul in the World. If wc
fonruier this Dcl'criprion aticntivi.ly, and m.akc tome rra-
ri;.',aMt- Abatements tor ilu- Citdulity of its Author, and
the I'aff.on he had lor Wonders, we llwll I'-e tli.it it is no (i;tcrmine politively, whtther there are Inch Creator;!;.!

' he

' t:on ; by which iiie.in?, he lb c!iVctually|ij((.j ,.'f"
' Minvl the Sh.aiv, Size, and l,o',k, of the Crc I,

* that, at his Return, he diew this I'lcturc of it V''
' thi.s kei'tel'entatinn, CnntiiuKs Mr. A'c .'.■<•;.•, it > ,! \'!
' make it alto<,;tther lo big as i\\<: Pc-ph ci^nV'"'
' fented i and there are 1 rlidcilbme other i:t:leDi!fri '.,
' which I Ihall remark: In the hrlt place, ih;slv.,'!;
' give the Creature a Mane, like that ot a Ilorlc; nt"^"

* next, tiieShap- and Si,-.e of it rclembhs tliat of'a Ij-'e

* Buifalo. I could not(,bta;n any firthir Accour.'s tf i'j
' Animal trom any ether l\ii. n, tliere having "been rfr
' iKxly that remembered th-.- Ucing any llidi Crrata-h
' the Country ot the lloUcntcts, excq t th: Ccnt.Vn-M 1
' have Ix-tore- mentioned.'

It is requilite to inform the Reader, that moll c;' -i^.
Animals found in the Indin arc hke\v;l> lourii! in ^'r T
and more elpni ally in t.th-.opia, and in the !S'cii'hboi:'r!it i
of the Cajie of (icod Hope ; and thou<ih i:b; truf, tiu-ti-
proving fuch C reatua's, .is the Antienrs nv.mion ar.' |1 •■'-'}
in thcit Parts, is no dircc't Proof ct their biin- iodj" ^
the Indits ; yet, it ctrtainly demonftrates, tli.it m-',v c;
the Animals, mentic-ncd by the .Antients, arc not C.'caars
of Ima[',ination, but h.ivc a real hxillcr.ce. Wc cic't
hkcwile to lemt mb. r, that, .as the Rcmar.s extended i!v;r
Dom-nioas to the l-'iontiis ot Pcrjui, lo thty had j.-O--
porfiiiiity thereby of bein;^ well .icquainted with the t:-
iiofiuts of ihe moil inland I'arts of the Norikrii Ir.iu.:^-
wards the Frontiers of 'IiiiWiry, in w Inch ivx<([ oi :'-'•.
wild H-ath are bred ; for, as moll cf our nifx.',Tp, !:;•
vtilers have not pone ;iny very great Pillance froni th; S:i
Loall, and, contiqucntiy, h.avc not liad nn.ch 0,'.o;r.-
nity Vt make thcmlelves |(j throughlv acqi!ii;;rfJ«it.'i!al';
Parts, as that, on their Kip'jtrs, we ihouk! Lv ablt to

other tiian a Sp-rics ot the 1 yger -, I mean that kind
whicli iaas a I le.id like a Monky, and whiih has l)cen lliewn
in Eurcpe under the Name ot the .Man tygtr ; and it is
indeed, a Creature ot a very horrid .Alp. ct, lb that, li en at a
D llinc- , it miglit will enough ilrike tiie Fancy lb, as to
give U;l ■ to this l)tfi.ription.

As i!,-fuii only delirilK-d the Manticora, lb .'Flian
alone ■■ mentions another llrangeCreatun- in the lrJte',c.i\-
kd Pofplagos, of whKhhe<iives usilie following Act outit.
This Animal, which is as big .again .is an or.linary i forli-,
is mm h etbemrd. by the /;;,//««/, for the rxquilit- IV-auty
of its ! J.iir. The T.i:! of this .Aiv.mal is-ibout three feet
in Ix;.-.;th, and th ■ Hair ot it much liner ami fotur than
that ot a 1 lorle, whi- hniak' s the \S omen ot that Cour.try
tlleim :t tor Head-iritlis: But ft w Oinamt nts ..re dearer
or hardi r to be met w;th -, for, notwith.ftanding its large
Siic, there is Icarce any .Animal (witter than the PsfpLi^^;.',
or th.it is nl'.en withgrr,ifr l>itTiiuliy. It dttrnd.s I'rlelf
agaiidl th<- lluntin, and tlieir Dogs, >^ith v.ond. rlul
C'oi;ra;.;c and Obftina. y i and lomf-timcs, being too hard
tor tlf l)"j',^, tlK HuntUii'-n loine in to their Ati'lKiiue,
.md, by a. shower ot imall poiluned Arrows, quukly de-
If roy t!ie He.ift, Its .Skm in almolf as valu.ablc .n. iti I'.iil ;
but, as tor Its Fklh, it is abloliitcly ufc lels.

No iD'niem Writer mu'.tior:s any Creature in the [nJif<,
lb it ha? the loatl Rilembiuiice to this DefcnptUiu i ajid,

' P.'in; Sal H.il iif-.vm. til. ^■f'.'.-m ■/<• /Immn'. I,h xiii r 9. I,i

r.'.'7 Sul. Hi I 1,1 VIII <■ .'I .f..'/9» //;./. /Iiiim III. i». f. n.

J''ifikiiJ» ( «/ (W lieiKt I ;rian.t, f'tJ. 111. f. II.

the ;'«./»(•; or not. Add to this, that ir.:r.v ef t.h-.ni:!
Init very indifVi rent judges ot wh'X tliey id.ite, as appjan
from ih( ir lontradiciing cuh (jtlur in their l)f!cri:^:i:-!,
as the Reader wi 1 latiiy ]x;rceive from thole of t!.c K;..-
noeros. On the Whole, where the .Accounts oiti::.^.;-
ti' nts are equally iireroni ile.ihle to Reali.n, aril unli'^
ported by modern 1 < llimoiiie5, we m.iy vciy reJon.i'y
give them up -, but otiierwile, it is certainly as a.'vifnll:
to prelirvc them in Collections ot this Nanirc, tlar, :n
proportion as our Dilcoveties increafe, we may K' t.<
better able to liilcern how tar tliey .are contradictal tree:-
firmed by thole l^iki/Vetits, which is a I'ljini i-t" g"3t
Conliquence towaids perti< ting r..itiiral 1 Iiilory; thrlcr-
fiderarion of whuli w.ts \sh.it d.K Hy iltterniinn! ir; '■'
take lo much Pains .il out It. The Rci.'ir wil ';:.c»i^
find, that the Pcnil.il of this Ch.'i'ter w.ll greatly lo.--
tribute to the perlect L'ndeillamling of the lu.vrj-i
Voyages.

20. There w.as nothing cnntiibuted more to miilia;! -il
diflra«;t th<- .Antients, in wh.it th'-y liave delivcrcJ cortrr-
mg the Animals in the Imlic, than the v.ilt NuirLvr cl
Apes and Monkeys th.it were Natives (,t tlut Cu"!''t"'
ansi ot fuch dili'irent Shapes .ind Siics, that it was i vet?
(htiii ult thing to dillin-ttitli ih.ir vaiioiis iorts ; .r.d, l-'
want ot doing whuh, ir was vtTV cily to tr.illik' '-''•''.
lor dif]<rtnt kinds of Bealh. 1 1'leie ar.- in tii: i'--- "

XVI e 9.

• Arijln Je A'i:m Id

<• Ct./hi 4» I'Ji,

(. 11. '

Chap. n.

of the East Indie

thtfe CrJiwrf ? of all Colours, and almort of all Shades of
Colours, black as well as white, red as well xs grty, and

<t with red Bodies have their I leads and Faces of
i tine 3Ky-bliie ; and tlicle lall fort an

loiiie

t!yt
3lcy

much ot" the Size
of our common Dogs. In ionic Places there arc fuch
Number! of them, tliit they cover the i'()|)s of the Houfes,
and by throwing Things down hnuler People from going
alor" the Street , othtis from a like Sj)irit of Mifchief poll
thcnffelvcs in hollow Ways, wliere they alinoil murder
fucli as pals by, throwing tlowii broki n Rwks and Stones '.

The am ieht Ltdiam, as they had an Avirfion to fpilling
Blo(xi, loui.d a Way to make tlufe Creatures, which are
by Nature active, not only quiet, but ur( fill. In fuch
Places .b produced Fepjxr and Cacao-trees, they were
wont, in die Sight ot the Monkeys, to cut the highclt
Brajiches within tlieir Reach, and lay them regularly on
the Ground. This they did in a M(jrning, and then leav-
ing the Place, thefe natural Mimicks pulled all the Fruit
that was out of Man's Reach, ai.d laid it in the lame
Order upon tlie G.ound, where the Indians comii'g in the
Ni"bt, found thtir Harvelt gatheiwl to their Hamls, and
carried it away. When their Numbers made them excef-
fivcly troublefome, the Indians, as Strnbo and Diodortts
ShhIus inform us, turned this imitating Faculty upon
them to their own Deftruftion, for coming to their Haunts
With Bafmi full of Water, or of Honey, they walhed their
Faces 10 tii<= Sight of thefe Animals, and then fubftituting
Pots of thin Glew inlkad of the Water or Honey, retired
out of Sight. The Monkeys, as foon as they were gone,
ca.iK down and wallied their Faces likcwife, and IVicking
tlinr tyes together, became blind, and were eafdy taken.
In other Places they brought Boots into the Woods, and
putting them on and off, left tiiem well lined with Glue,
or a fort of Bird-lime, fo that when the Monkeys put them
on, they ftuck fall, and hindered them from making their
Kl'cape. A third Method they invented of taking them
was hy the 1 lelp of Springs at the Back of Looking-glaffes,
which when the Monkeys came to handle, as they had
fcen the Men do before, held them tall, and difablal them
from making a Retreat ; but the moll dangerous of their
Enemies was the Lion, for finding their Flefli equally
plcalki.r and wholelbinf, he puifued them with greater
Ei,; r: el's than any other fort of Beafb ».

It IS a very fingular PaHiigc that Strain relates of their giv-
inga:i Al.irm to ti-,e Army of /tUxander the Great. Every
boily knows that the Mactdoniaiis weie dillingui(}ied by the
Severity of their Difciplinc, and the exaft Order in which
they marcheil •, it ha[)pcned, that m [jalFing through that Part
d Ini:a, which lies between the Rivers Indus and Ganges,
they travers'd a Wood, and palled on the F.dge of a
Mjuntain, which fcrved thefe Creatures for a Retreat, and
enunipcd in thrir Neighbourhood all Night. The next
Morning, when the Army began to move, they faw at a
Diilancc many thoufands of thele Creatures drawn up in
B:;alia, and not doubting but that it was the Army of their
tncinics, the Trunjpets founded, and yilexander liimlelf
I'igan to prepare for an lingagement ; but the Indian
I'rmce TaxiUs, who was then with .'ilexamier, foon in-
fjiincd him of las Mitlakc, and alTured him that upon his
luvancing, tliefe Creatures would a;;aiii betake thcnifelves
to their Woods ami Mountains, as in FiVect they diil .
1 he moll rcnurkal-le Property ot thefe Animals is their
Aiuthaient to eaeji other, and living in a kind of Society,
«l *liirh tiie .Xncients took great Notice ; and as to the
I'utli III the Fact, a fiiigle Inllance trom a modern ini-
V' 111':' ul ^reat Reputation iiuy fuiricc. The famous Mon-
Hir frtwrwr tells us, that returning from ji^ra with the
b!g!:j}i Pafiikiit to Sural, they palled within four or live
uai;ues ot .tmenakid, through a little Forcll of Mangoes.
" ^Se law there, lays he, a vail Number ot very large
" Apts, hoth Male and Female, many of the latter having
" their > ouiig in their Arms. WV were each of us in our
" Coaekis, and the Engl/JJj Prefident rto[)ped his to tell

473

" Native of the Country, made a Sign to me not to do it,
•• and I did all that lay in my Power to diflliadc the Gcii-
*' tleman from his Uelign ; but to no Purpofe, for he im-
" mediately levelled his Piece and Ihot a She-Ape, which
" fell through the Branches of the Tree on which (he was
" fitting, her young ones tumbling at the fame time out
*' of her Arms upon the Ground. We prcfently faw that
" happen which my Servant apprehendecf, for all the Apes,
*• to the Number of fixty, came immediately down from
•' the Trees and attacked the Prefident's Coach, with fuch
" Fury, that they mull have infallibly deftroyed him, if
" all who were prefent had not flown to his Relief, and by
" drawing up the Windows, and pofling all the Servants
" abouttheCoach,protedcd him from their Refentment. I
" mull confefs I was not a little afraid, though they did not
" offer to meddle with me, becaufe they were very large, and
" of incredible Strength, and their Fury was fo great, that
" they purfued the Prelidcnt'sCoachfornearthreeLeagues'.'*

It is very natural to fuppofe, that from the Sight
of the larger fort of thefe Creatures the Ancients were
confirmed in their Notions of Fawns, Satyrs, and wild
Men i and if I might prefume to fpeak my own Opinion
freely, as to the Attendants of Bacchus, as they appear
on the Coins, Gems, and Bafs-Relicfs of the Ancient;,
I fliould fay that thefe were no more than fo many
different forts of Apes thus reprcfented to fignify his Con-
quell of thefe Countries. I would not be underllood to aflert,
that the Ancients confidered them in this Light, the con-
trary of which is very certain •, but what I mean is, that their
F'ables altered and diflorted the original Faft, andoccafioned
frequent Changes in the Figures to make them fuit the
better with the Stories they invented, whereas originally the
Chariot drawn by Leopards, and followed by thefe Inha-
bitants of the Woods, was a very natural Pifture of the
Conqueror of the Indies. I might enlarge confiderably
on this Topick, and fliew from a Variety of Authors, that
in truth all the Satyrs and wild Men mentioned by old Wri-
ters, were no other than Apes and Baboons of an over-
grown Size 1 and this might be likewife confirmed by com-
paring the Accounts given by thofe Writers, with the Re-
lations of modern Travellers ; but as this would take up a
great deal of Room, and as I have Reafon to believe trat
the Notion is in itfelf fo plain and fo agreeable to Truth,
that it does not (land in Need of any Arguments to fup-
port it, I Ihall not profecute it farther at this Time, the
rather, Iwcaufe this Chapter begins already to grow very
long, and I have ftill fome remarkable Creatures that before
I liiiilh it I find it neceflary to mention.

20. Among the other Wonders of the Indies, it is a little
flrange, that the Animal, which produces Mulk, was (b
long before it was known to the Ancients \ for Pliny, the
molt curious and the moll diligent Collector among their
Writers, has left us nothing that feems to have the Icaft
Relation to this SuUjert, the firll Notice of which we re-
ceived trom Ariiobiiis and .^piileins. Yet this Perfume was
always in very great Elleem in the Indies, and when properly
tempered, mull be acknowledged the richeft 6f its kind.
It is taken from an Animal called the Mofch or Mulk,
which is very common throughout all China and the Indies S
and is about the Size of a Fawn, or rather a litdc lefs ; this
Creature is laid to be fo lazy, that the Hunters are hardly
able to make it llir, but are obliged to difcoverits Haunts,
which once done, they kill it without the leaft Relitlance.
When this is done, they cut olf a little Excrcfcence cover'd
with Down, which grows near its Navel, from whence
they take a kind of Blood, or rather Juice, clotted, of a moft
odoriferous Smell ; and then they fkin and cut it to Pieces.

But belides this Liquor, which is a kind of Eflcnce
of Mufk, there arc three other Methods of making
this valuable Commodity, though not in the fame Degree
of Perfedion. The firll is, by taking the Hind Quarters
of the Animal from its Kidneys, and lleeping them in its
Blood 1 they are then bruifed and beat in a Mortar into a

" "H that he had a very tine new (Jun, and knowing that fort of Pap, which is dried and put up in little Purfes
II I was a [jjood Markfman, delired me to try it by Ihoot- made of that Animals Skin '. When it is propoled to
" inj3 one (,t the Apes. One of my Servants, who was a make a greater Quantity of Mulk, though not quite fo

''"■■ago J, Vivi-ti, Vol. V. p. J-. 1(10. 202. Ill the Duke di renriin's Mcnegcrlc ihere w»s one of thefi' blue-faced Apes flicwn for many

Situti ,

f'^'MIl. XXXIII.

1 1)9
.\v. l>i!>dsr. Si u!. lib xvii. ^iilian. it Aiy.mal Uh.
I'oja^citii InJd, lii.i c. J. ' Mi»iii'Jlo,f. Si.

14. Vl.n. Hi/. AW. //*. viii. <•. 21. PhiloJIral. /li. iii. e. 4.
L( Jiiuii.f. izi. ' Di^'litnaiie Jt Cmmtrcr, f urn. iii. f. 146J.

6 £ rich

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474

T/ji' Difcovcry, Settlement, afu/ Coinmtrcc

Book I.

tK-li, thf Flefli of the wholi- Animal is talit-n c-lu)p})cil to
riicc?, Ami l->eat Im a Mortar intu a kind ot ViWc, whitli
i<a()crw*r.!<; moilKm\l witli tlit- BI-xxl, and Id put i.p iiuo
I'lirlis nuili- i.f the- Skin ot ll.c B;-.ill, a-i the Unnwr. 'I lir

Nature, and capable- as wdl of hurting as of frickri
us. Irorn honce, very piuhaMy, it (onus tn pai'' i

llich rxtraordinary Ktlations (il'tlurr frl<'litt"iil t>|!'

_ l''»vc Ix'-n, in all Agr., wdl ranvod ; haaufc it S

third Sou, wh(rh is all.) t()kial>lv KWkU tliough mmh niort ral tor us to hear with I'i;.ilurp« ol MuUiid, to whichf.
IM Nalui- to either ol tiic former, \<~ nude only ot the I'ore- are not c-xpol.d, tli.- I'rolpe. t of i!il(.i:;t \hni;^n ^i^^^',
iwt of the Animal, from tin- Keins to the Head •, and to the Senlc ol our own Jjatcty, and graiilying «ur i un
thus no Tart of ti;is valuable Crcat re is ever lofl ". In olity at the UnK 'lime. ^ . , ^

C'vK-i, \* here all I'rijurations ot this Kind are iKit under-
|1<kk1. It is maii.iped in quite a diHerert Manner. They
take from the Aiiim.il a little fod or Bag, which lies un-
der Its B ilv. alxKit thriie as bii^ .is a Man's 'rhuni!) •, it
contains a Sul-llmce not nnu h unlike Tallow, which is
dried till u is lit to powder, a ul then it appears ot a light
Yellow, ami h.is a Smell th.it is cxreedmgiy a;.;reeahle.
It is told iven in Q^ma itf.lf t-r its Weight in Silvir; but
they -.ac piohil\ted liom telling it n'-t to Strangers, and
f hcietorv-, l<T common Sale, they make a lounterleit Mutk
in the lollowir'^ Manner. They take rotten Wood,
which thty lieep in the Blotxl and Juiccn t,i the Animal,
and then few it up in I'urtcs made o( its Skin, and. Iiaving
dried ir, verxl it tor the true Mutk ". They aleiibc to it
many Virtues in that Country, and aniongll the fell
one that is very lingular, which is this ; they lay, that
Ixmg worn uiv.ier the Stocking when People are obliged
to travel thiough Woods or iSlounUins where thre aic
ainindance ot' .Serpents, they are prilerved thcrtby Inni
bc;rg attacked by themi ai.il the Rcalon atligntd tor this
ftxivis to lie ratural and jiroluble (nough : I'he Ar.imal,
fay they, which protluces Mutk, tceds chief.y ujxin Srr-
pi nts, and theretore the Sincll makes them ijuit the I'lace,
fiom an Appre h( nfion of their own Danger °. Th.s rich
Pert'ume h.is li It much ot its Credit in this Part of the

■World, and is conl.quently nuich I'unk in its I'lice; the guilhed three Sorts ot them in the Iiuii'ci, vz. luCi a
very Ixll Mufk I'rom Cbma is fold at /imJlerJiim tor alx)Ut were found in the ^loUlUaln^, tuch .is were httd in Uv«,
nine Florins an Ounie by the E'ljl- India Company •, and or in the flat Country, and liith as were luumi in Kna
that of tf'Z'''' *'hich is etUemcct the lecond Sort, is not and Marflws: Tlic tiitl ts tin- largill of all, and arc co-
worth aKvc tivc I-'lorins : The A;//^/; Mutk, which vered with Scales as itfpitnoent as poliihcilGjIJ, Imii
has the llrorgctl Smell, but !"fes its Scent in a fmall Space have a Kind ot Beard hanging from their loAvr J.iw, tl-.ffl
of Time, n-..iy be had tor his than a Morin an Ounce p. hye-brows large, and very exactly arciictU ilic;r .Aljxc:
There are t'ume People wi.o h.ive ihll a high Opinion ot the moll Irighttul that can In; mi.i;:,i;-,ui, .ind tln.icr-
the Virtues of this Drug. J hey fay that it is an txctllei.t loud and fluill ; their Crell of a I ri.'vit Veilow, ani j
Remctly for almoll all ncrv u-) Dilordets ; and to confirm
this, iliey afiurc id., that thougli in their own Country, the
Duub are frecjuently att.icked by Ajjophxies , yet at
Bai.i'jia, and other Places in the tuft- India, where Mutk

2 2. Ihc Dragon w.is a Creature fxvdiKwjy ^^^^^^.^^
by the olil NaturalilU, .md dclcrikd .is oi.c of .ti^'„, "
dreadful in the Woikl. ^irijioilc iwrnms tlie Lr,«w'
living in continual b.nmity with ilie b.i^lc ; amUiiolav,'
Hut when the Diagon is furtcited v.nh uiin^ ;\,.pi^; '
has Kccourle to 1 ,( tuce tor Relief', /^y/ j°,i £,;.',"",
were Countries the moll famous, next to the hi'
tor pro.!ui ing Dr.igons ol unutual Size. We |„,vf, ,„ „'
ancient Author, a very large and cncumllmtial .Aaouu
ot the takinga nra|;on on the Frontiers ot i.:i:sptj, v[,k
wasOncaiut twei.ty IVet in Fenptli, .md w.i, canJto'
ruLmy rh:l,:.i'hlii), wiio very b.uintiluliy ravardtd tuch
as lan the Iij<t.iid ol proci.nng him th'ii Beall'. Vcj
tertil)le as thele were, t.i- y t.ill aiaiiul.mtly Ihurt cf .Mur,'
fUrs ot the lame S,>ecKSin Jn..Li; wuh rcfpat to Huich,
St..!mi'rcji tells us, that there weie Diai^ois fan in 1,1:
NiighiK.urhood ot the Gm.j^cs, near Kvuity (.wits n
J ei.gth •. It was one of this S.zc that ^iiMidcr nA .id
Army fiiw in a Cave, wlure it wasted, eitiurwitotKt-
vciencc or from (. ui lolity, hy the Inhabiunts ; and im
lint Lightening ot its l.ycs, together with its terrioic
lliliing, n.ade a tlrong Imprtll'ion on the A.W;«,jj;,
who, with all their Courage, could nm help licing tiighral
at to hirrid a Sjitctacle •. The Dragon h nulling muft
than a Scrj>ciit ot enorn-.ous Size ; anil they ti-rmcly liiliin-

is very much ul'ed i, they d.u not find tlicmtelves lubject
to thele Difordeis. It is upon this I'linciplc that thty at-
tribute the Inert ale <.\ nervous Complaints within litiy or
f.xty Years \'i[\ in thefc Parts ot Eurcpt, to the cjuittin:;
the Ulc (jf this Periumc, which is laid to have been owin;;
to the Averfion which tlie Q^uecn ot hrance. Contort to
Iaivis XIV, h.id to tile Smeil i,l Mutk, which full drove
It out </f that Court, and liy Degrees nude it unlafhioii-
al !e every wl.eredle'. I do not pret; nd to anlwer tor
the 1 ruth of this Obk rvation ; but as it is certainly very
curiou', and the bjtaminatiun of li may pofTibly be ot Lie
to Mankind, 1 thc.uglit it might not l>c anuls to tci^rt it.

P.otubcrance on their Pleads, of the Li;..;'jrci aburr.,?j
Coal. Thole of the t5at Country ditiu l:uir. the ivr.r,::
in nothing but in havii.g their Seller of a liivcrUoj.-,
and in their frequenting K. vers, to whicli ti.e furniir r.cv.r
come. Thole that live in Mai Hies and Ferns, artel' i
dark Colour, approaehiti'^ to a Black, niove lluwiy, hiv:
no Crell, or aiiy Kilin;; upon their Heads', iirdtim,
that t!ic painting them with W'liigs, is the Ftfa't otFi';j,
and directly contrary to Fruth : But other .N.itura!ii;s arNl
'Fravellers, both ancient and modern, adiiiTi, ili.it tlicr;
arc tome ot thdc Sjxcics wiiigeel'. Vtt, alter .llit.'in.'
tendyii.g Accounts, I'in.y, and many other Wmt.'S, li-
lure us that Ixitli Sorts are rather dnatilul ii,an dan^rrcfi
their Bite having nothing in it venuinoiis ' ; lii- K v r;:
of which IS alleited by later Authors, and Lveral h;a
alledged in Suppott ot their 0[)inion *. But wiiat maka

After this Hillary of the Bcalls ot India, it is natural to the greateil bigurc in the Works ot the Ana.iUi»iCi

fay ftjinewhat of the Keptiles aiul Intlcts there, of which
We have a viry large Account from the Ancients, and
thofc i-or at all lefs n nuikaliie than what lus been already
taken Notice of witli regiid to other Animah, the rather
becaufe :n tl-.eir Kind tluy appeared much more furpriiing,
and withal iv,ore terrib.le to Strangers: For as there is a
Kind ol innate Dilukc to the Kiptiles ot our own Coun-
tries, which are gtritrally in out b.ye ; lo when we lee
Creatures to vehidi we have Uieli an Averfion, ol a S:/.c
iniu'.itely txyond what we have LkIkW l)efore, it naturally
iiifpiris us With Horror, our Antipathy riling in the
lame Pro; onion that the OLjed becomes more dreadful ;
tipecialiy it the Creature Ik tierce or venomous in us

rel.ition to this extraoniinary Ai'iinal, is, the Stonf lop-
{xded to grow in its Head, and reputed, ut i;:[!l;nijbl'
N'ahic '. It IS faid to \k naturally divided into Taelii.i':
a Diamond of the liriilant Cut, and to have as h.ju
Lullie. But, to prelerve t.'iis (guilty, it i> naeiiary i^i
it thould be taken out ol the I Kid ol the AniauUiw -Mo-
ment it IS killed 1 for othcrwile it Lfes aii its Virtues m;
all Its Beauty, and yet becomes to extrin..ly ii-iril,ltut™
'IckjI will touch It. Pism' gives u> a kig laiali-giK''
medicinal and mai^ical Properties, which he -Ic:;!);*'"-'
Skin, Flclh, Bones, Kycs, and 'Feeth of t.V. Ife"'
which are too ruliculous to be repeated i a' J, btii.A
fucli Stones have now entirely loll their Crcd.i, li;.cci-<

lAl! KinJioftisk^;

Mni. up. n. XTx. mf

ih:

Chap. 11.

of the East Indies.

Uimi, at prefcnt, confine the Value cf thefc Animals
to the Stone in their Heads ; which, however, no Enro-
uan couM ever find, and to the Qiialiry that their Boiks
arc fiipi'<'C«' '<* '^■^* °*^ refifting Poilbn. It is for tliis
v,\{oTi that they are as ifflduous as ever in hunting Dra-
r ii concerning which, old Writers tell us, this wxs tliclr
conltint Method. They hung before the Moutli of the
UrafiOP'i D«n « P'*"^ of Stuff riowercd with (lohl, which
attriwited the Eyes of the Bcaft, tiil.by the Sound of loft Mu-
fickthey lulled him to Sleep, and then cut otl'hisl lead *•

As for the Dragons on the Mountain.s tluy o,lt them
much more Pains \ for they were forceil to pjrii.^ rhcm
with lances and Arrows, with great IJangtr to tluinlllves.
The Dragon, in his Turn, hunted the l-'Jiphant, and, if
we may credit fome Authors of great Rank in the learned
Work!, was from Inflincl his mortal Enemy. In order
to dcftroy him, he mounted a Tree in the I'orelt where
the Elephants fed, from whence, as foon as one of tliem
came by, he threw himfelf on his Back, and twiltin;;
himl'elf round him, thruft his Head into his Nollril, ami
tkrcby ftrangled him. The Hate of this Animal towards
the IJephant, was thought an apt Symbol of human Ma-
lice, tor in his Fail, the Elephant crudicd him to Death ;
fo tiut tlic Combat was equally fatal to both '.

The Ancients tell us further, that if it was not for the an-
nul Inundations, this Country would be infefted with a vail
Variety of other Serpents and deftrudive Iiiftfts of ditfcrcnt
Kinds, which, as in all hot Climatvs, breed here in pro-
ciigious Numbers. Amongfl others they mention a kind
cf Viper of a moft dangerous N.iture, and fome other
Reptiles, the Bite of which is infalliiily mortal, when the
Simples, which have a fpecilick Quality of curing thcfe
"Wounds, are not immediately taken, with which Simples
ihe Country through the efjiecial Care of Providence plen-
iitully abounds. 'I'herc arc fome of thefc Vipers, they
fay, twelve or fifteen Foot long, otiicrs not above half a
I'uoti and thtfc, together with the .Scorpions, are the
moll dangerous, becault* they are fo fmall, that it is very
liitlicult to guard againll them '. But the annual Inunda-
tions in a great Mealurc purge the Country of thole dan-
gerous and dellrudtive Creatures, without which it woukl
Icarcc he habitable. The Macedonians fulFered exceedingly
from tlitfc venomous Animals before the Indians acquainted
thim with the proper Remedies, and the only way before
that by which thy could defend thcmlllves, was by hang-
ing ihtir IVds between 'frees, and llecping, as it were, in
the open Air ».

Sivcial modern Travellers n-pcrt almofl as flrangc
Things ot thefe Indian iicrpeiits as the Ancients ; for
inllarce, Pihr Ian Gurden, who \v.i5 Admiral of a
D:<hb Flfit in the hdits, afliires us, that at Calicut they
arc as big iibout as Hogs, their Bodies fix Foot long, and
ihcir I leads larger and longer than that ol a wild Boar, yet
the Natives alTurcd him that thefe Animals were not veno-
mous. It is very remarkable that he tells us thefe mon-
ftrous Creatures haunted chiefly tl;. ir Marlhes, fo that,
according to the foregoing Dillinction, tluy mull have
I'ccn the kail of that .Species in that Country, and proba-
lily they wtic fo ; for the fame Author till; us, that there
were others, which it they but drew Blood of a Man, their
B.te was mortal upon the .Spot. Me adds, that btTides
theft he law many of the Size ul Water-Sn-akcs. While
he was at Anchor on the Coail of Mozamliic, a Boy that
was wafliing himfelf by the Ship-fuie was llized by the
Midill • by a Serpent of enoriiKJUS Size, that dragged him
under Water at once in the Sifjit of the whole Kl; 1 1 ».

Ml. RuL':r,n tills us, that while he lived in the M.and
dBaiiJ-, hi J l-\jwlswere continually (lolen, and on his com-
plaining lo his Neighbours, tluy told him they were car-
ried away by the Serpents, whieli he was not very I'uiward
tubeheve'. However, IuvIim; lit fur.e People to watch,
thty in thf Ni<;ht al.irmed him with the Cry of the Ser-
pent, wliic!) h.ul j!;ot in ainoi!}',il the I'owl;. They pur-
ki-d it, cut oft" its I le.ul and Tail with Hatchets which
'H-y had in their 1 lands, and then opened its Belly, in
*li:ch dicy found a Pig, a Duck, and five Fowls, and

475

what it not a little extraordinary, they n';inncd thefe Crea-
tures, and together with the Body of the Serpent, b jiled,
and made Broth of them ".

An Author, whom we have cited more than once,
alTures us ', that he has feen of thefe Animals twenty-
live Foot long, and five round, their Throats fo lary,
that they were .able to fwallow a Stag wIioIl-. 'J'hefc
monllrous Serpents live both on Land ami in the
Water, where, when they have gorged them'elves
With their Prey, they fleep, which Opportunity the Na-
tives take to kill and eat them, cfleeining the FIcfh excel-
lent, and not at all venomous. The fame Writer (iiys,
that at Golconda there are Serpents of a proligious Size,
the Bite of which is indantly mortal ; anil obf rves farther,
that whenever thefc Creatures are feen at Sea, it is a certain
Sign of their being near the Indian Coaft.

Admiral Verhovcn tells us ,i finguharStory of a Sea- Serpent
in the Streights of Sincapoua. A Seaman wafliing himfelf by
the Ship-fide was feized by one of thefe Creatures, upon which
he roared fo loud, that one of his Companions thrc w him
a Rope and pulled him into the Ship i but the Serpent had
tore fuch a Piece out of his Side, thathedied immediately.
The Serpent continued about the Ship, till at lail it was
taken, .and was the largeft they h.id ever feen. Upon opening
its Belly, they found therein the Piece of Fleih which he
had torn from the Sailor, and which they buried with him '.
Mr. T/jtvenot, a moft careful and candid Writer, iiiforms
us, that the Country about Gotconda is terribly infefled
by Serpents, the Bite of which is mortal, iinlefs Care
be taken to apply proper Remedies immediately : Of
thcfe he mentions two, which are both very extraordinary,
the one is holding a light Coal very near the Wound, which
draws out tlie Venom by Degrees, and which is very An-
gular, the Patient docs not feel any great Inconvenicncy
from the Heat during the Time of the Operation ". The
other Remedy is the Snake-llone, or, as they call it, Cobra,
the Manner of making and .applying of which he defcribes
very particularly.

The bell are made in the City of Dieti, and are com-
pofed of the Roots of certain Plants burnt to Aflies, which
Afhes are mixed with a particular kind of Earth, and then
burnt a fecond Time. Of this Compofition reduced into
a Palle, they form the Stone made of the' Size of a Pige-
on's Egg ; this is apphed in cafe a Perfon is bit by any kind
of Sjrpcnt or Viper, or wounded by a poifoned Arrow in
the following manner : They lirll prick the Wound with
a Needle till the Blood comes, and then clap the Stone to
it, w hich flicks fall, and remains there till it falls off of itfelf.
It is afterwards put into Breall, or, if that cannot be had,
into Cows Milk, where it iiurges itfelf of the Poilbn; and
if this be not done immediately the Stone bunh ".

Dr. Fr\tr, who was ten Years in the Indies, and who,
as a Phylician, was certainly a proper Judge of fuch Matters,
fpcaks allc) of tlui'e Snakes-llones, he fays, they are made
by the Giogbis, and that they are counter-^Kyifon to all
deadly Bites. If the Stone flicks, fays he, it attrafts the
Poifon, and put into Milk, it recovers itfelf again, leaving
its Virulency therein, which is dilcovered by its Green-
ncfs "■. 1 have mentioned this Circumftance of the Cobiay
the rather becaufe the common Notion in the Indies is, that
it is a Stone taken out of a Serpent's Head, which, as we
have feen, is altogether fabulous.

2 2. In rtfpctfl to the Dragon, the Ancients h.ive only
exceeded as far as we can judge from modern Relations
in certain Circumftances the Truth ; but as to the Gryphon,
all they fay appears the pure Efted of Imagination, and
fo llrange an Animal they make it, that I was in fome
doubt whether it belonged to this or to the fubfequcnt Sec-
tion ■, but perceiving that it would be li.ible to the fame
Objcclions there, I thought it might be as well to difpatch
it here. According therefore to the Accounts we h.ive of
it, it is hard to fay whether it be Beall or Bird Inhabitant
of the E.irth, or of the Air. They fay it has four Feet,
and is of the Size of a Lion ; thus far then it is pLiiiily a
Beaft ; but then they fay farther, that it is entirely covered
with Feathers, and has the Head and Beak of an F.agle.

.r:,.

"•1- tit .Inimal. lib \\ f . 3 i . ' /V,'/. jVrtf. //•,'. /lA. viii cil.lz. Pomp. Mil.i, lib. \\\. ile InJi.ii.

'H^irjki.im, lib xw- .iniiitt <ir I'nM, i ' Dnhr. Sua! //A. xvii. " /'oini;.' axr ^.iVj, /». 403. 3:7.

''5!.'?1. ' ro\a^t Jf P "..jii J.n Brofi. ' I'nmtdt rAiimhal I'lrbminaux MiiOninlalii. ^. iii.

'■"■'. Vol. V. ^ 318. ■ ■ " Itij p ^y. » f,;f/i Travels, /. 5}.

' h'e/fC'iii ii* ^li'lobului

" yo^ogciiii: hid': Oiitif

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II.,. i >iife.

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fff

476 7>(>t- Difcovciy, Settlement, ^/;// Commerce

Book I.

In taking Icuve of this Siibjeft, it will be nroptrfur
3 obkivc, that the (iryphonj mcntionrd in Scripture •
o nwc than a k.rul of L..g|f, and not the ima-., „!!
.ryphon » ami then lore in oiir I'tanilatioti, it isvm.M
rndirtii after Irfwiilius, as I conccivr. the OlTiira

ttit

in Jranuiig fuch Storus of them as migiit beft luit i|^,
Tarables ami jl'inigmas. It mull, however, be allowed
that the Ancients arc ntic ail alike faulty in tl«i tt{^ti
cither in Ix-licvinj.', tlic Dreams ot others, orrejwtmBtha'
own i tor though I'lit^ anil 6W/«w ' lH)litivi|y aiRrimJ,^!
the Camrlcon livis wholly on Ain yn .■injhtlr, *'x)

refutes it, as is very well oblcrvcd by the Icarnid iitjil
mas Brouit '.

The W'oril Camrifon, in Crtek fignifics a Unit Ltn;
and this Name mu(l have been given it from Ibmt Ke-
Icmblancc it had to that Animal, not (urily in its h^'w
foi therein it approaehcs the Crocodile, but rather hoir!
its Vigilance m catching its Prey, a Notion irrtcuntinbL«
to its living upon Air. Ic is for this l*iir|xill' ce riaini)', J
mean of catching its I'rcy, that it has a long ftaip
longue, which it can thruft out to a Length cqujlio
one Third of its Body ■, and though very flow in its Mo-

lt has either Winp.s, or fomethinp like them, tluf is to
6y, a Memliranr rx(< mbhnR that which the Hats tly with.
The Ci-lour ot t!u- Utnly is a dark hiown, or bl.tck i but
the Brealt is ot a bris^ht red. or, as tiitne (ay, purple '.

This Creature was conlrLiaied to JpvUc, and lailetied ti) _

the Chariot ot the Sun, Ixcaule amcnt; its other liiii;iil,ir which is proix-rly fjx-aking, the .Sca-l-.aj;le.
Properties, it was held, that ilic (.ryplion could (lr.td;ly 2^ There is no Creature of whuh the Ancicnti Juvc

lof>k U|«n the Sun in its full Splendor. It was I'upixjkd i) talkeil nu.rc- than ot the Ctmekon. and [Jtrhaps, ot jj||).
inhabit the Wcxxis and Mountains, where the AiKients Animals they have mentioned, there is not one ot which
imagined it diU-ovcred and guarded the dold Mines ; hit they have rejxjrted more Abfurdiries, or Hiewij a Itis kt
they do not tell us to what Ul'es it converted this Metal, gaid to Truth. In all Protiabihty, they were origiuV
orwhydep.unii|?lromthcInninCtof Utallsit fliaiidindu- mided by the Reports ot the /«J/Vi«j themiLlvts, wJlJ
Follies ot Men. It is alfo aliirmrd, that this Anini.il was have always been inclined to ex.iggerate, and havcihewn
one of the tierreft and moll cruel, fearing no other f.nc- Ids Care in tjumning the real Nature ot Crcatureithii

miesthan the Lion, thclyf-ir. and 'l^^ tienhar.t. over - ' ' '■ ^ ' ''

which alfo it Ibmctimes triumphed. The Indians, when-
ever they attacked it, went m confiderablc Bcxtits, and
generally in a Moon light Night, in hopes of linding it
afleep, which, however, they rardy did, and were forceil

to Ixjy the Ircalures, guarded liy the Gryphon, at the ^ ^ ^ ^^

Expcnce of their Blood. The Watchfulntis of this Am- went betorc them, and has written largely upon the i^
mal wa» one of its moft remarkable Qualities -, and in all je^, fays not a tingle Word of tins lupcmatiiral Qualm,
the Fables that are related concerning it, it is a Circumrtancc Indeed, it is wondc-ful, that ever this Opinion puvjii^
always thrown in, that the Gryphoti feldom or ever neejjs s. at all, becaule the very I'ornution ol the Animal pLinly

If there had been any fuch Creature, it fell undoubtedly —♦■■»—■' - - « 11 -ur. — 1 u.. .. _ 1 ,, .

under our Cognizance, Ix-caiilc the Ancients affirm that
Chey arc no where elfe to \x met with but m the Northern
Part ot the luJifiy which however docs not agree extremely
well with the Talk they aJTign them ot guarding the (iokl
Mines, becaufe in truth there arc no luch Mines there. It
murt liowcver l>e acknowledged, that fome of the Ancients
themftlves have given us plainly to underlfand, that thiy
looked U(X)n all tiiat had been laid of the Ciryphon ^is mere
I'ables ; but wheiiri thofc Fables arofc, or why they were
invented, is a Qiullion, that the Reader from the Scope

of this Work, » Inch is to leave nothing unexplained, may tion. yet it man;iges this Member with extraordinary Agi-
exped Ihoold be nnhvered. lity i and therefore, from the eftabliftK-d Law ot Natui:,

0;\ this \\<..iA I mull lay, tliat I take the Origin of it to we may ptefumt: that its Tongue is of txtraonlinaiy lit,
have been an Ljipiuin I lierfi,^ly])hick, and my Keal'on for and as we cannot conceive that it Ihould be ctanyUit
it is, becaule taken in this I.iglit, it has a Meaning, and with refpc^t to dtawin<; in the Air, which might be dcit
otherwife none. In this Senic then tlie Gryphon was witliout, it naturally leads us to believe thatitfm'fsn

furnifh the Animal with other Foal. In the next Plaa,
it liaih very remarkable Teeth, which is another I.idica-
tion of its living on Prey ; and what feems to put ufce-
yond all Doubt, is, the 1-ormation of its Stomach ri
tnits 1 to wluch wc may add its voiding Fjttrcirert, 1
lact admitteil by Pliny ■, though maiutctliy liciinjctivt
ot his own Opinion.

It is no Wonder, therefore, that tliis Nation wis Icon
exploded, or that wc find /iugn/tm/, Slei/^ui, hnorn
Ltceitts, and many other great Men, oppfmg difmltivo
to this popular S<i)timtnt. But liellenim [xilitivclyaliirmi,
th.it It feeds on Flies, Caterpillars, Beetles, aiiil otiur li-
ittts ami tliat from the betl Realbn in the World; t^
caufe, upon DilTection, he found thtfr- Aniniils in tte
B< Hies ' ; ro which we may add wlut other learntd
Writers have alfjnned as to its drinking Water, acdcfr
lighting to catch Meal-worms. We will thcrtlorccu!
the Ancients, as inlufficient Ciuides in diis n:fi*:l, imi
have Recouric to the Moderns, by whom tliu fir.guia;
Aniin.d has been very fully ami laithfully dcUnbed.

1 he Camcleon then, according to their Auount, ^^
fembles a large Lizard, except that it has two great '.rJe
liars, which he pretty far back upon its Nak. 111:^
commonly in the Clifts ol Rocks or in Hole; ol a Wal.
It has tour Feel and five Claws Ufwn eaili Foot, w.W.
fcrve for its perching ujion the Branches ct Trees cr
Shrubi, where it likewilc fecurcs its Station, by iw!l:«
its Tail round thciii. Its Motion on the Groumib JSllo*ii
that ot a Tortoile, but upon Trees it moves from B.iick
to Branch with great Agility •. The brftll ot theleAoh
mals are about eleven or twelve Inch-s in Lent^ih froJi
the Head to the Fxtremity of the Tail, and abou: ilir«

none. In this Senle
a Figure inventetf, which figiniies the Power ot tlie Sun in
the Sign of the Lion-, and hence procred!-d the Notion
that the Ciryplwms guanled the Mines ot (iolil, Ix-caut'e
according to the old i)(Ktrines ot the Egyptian Chemillry,
the Sun in tliis Sign had an extraordinary Oi^eration in that
Rtfpert ; anit hence alio linne ol the old Alchyiuills, or at
feaft fome Writers as are im|)ofed on us under ancient
Names make ufl- of the Gryphon, and fume other fuch-
like imagiiuiy Creatures for the better vulii-g of their Se-
crets ; hut when the Cretks tirll law theti; Figures without
fving let into tM:-ir Meaning, tluy t'>ok them, .ns it was
ratural enough for them to do, f(ir the Repiel< ntations of
real Annuals and the Indus Itiiig the Place where the
mo^ txtraordinarv Creatures tluy were acquainted with
reHded, they to<.k the lakriy of fiipjxifiiig that the Gry-
rhor.s came from thence, ami from the Northern Indtts,
acraufe tl'.ere were more wild Bc-alts there tlian any where
fife.

Ihi'; I take to Ik the true Account of the Rife of this
N\)tion, whuh alterwanls cjn;e to lie employed fymlx)lli-
cally, <'t wl'.xh Sir Tbcmas Hreirn ' has given us a very
rational Account. It doth ^^•ell make out, lays lie, tlic
Pm|Krtiisul a Guardian, the lurs, implying Attention ; the
W ings CeLnty 1 in Ijcecutiori the l.ion like Shape, Cou-
Mgeand Auilacity, the h(x)ked Hill. Rtfcrvancc ami Tena-
city. It is alio an l.n^hhni <A Vahnir and Magnanimity,
as being comix.unded ot tlw 1 .ig|e and Lion, the mihiell
Aninuls in their reljyilive kinds \ and fo it is apphcat)lc
to Piinrf«. Generals I'tcfidents and all in chief Autho-
rity, which is the Reafon th.u the Uerahls laid hold of it,
and wc fee it lx)rnc in the Coats of Arms of the noLkfl
Families in Ewcpe.

f Ci,Jif,,„ hJ.n,,af. 13. H.rtJu. /M iii, Hi„. I,h vi PtiUfl

' '''>"■ /""."T. '['■"Jl^ -l-IAl,' • \ utpr Krror, /.A ii. 4 '■ - - ■ - ^ - „ • ■- ,

nrea Uic t-.g.c. the Oirnnge. «ml il« ( fpra*. li u howevrr to be i.bleved, th«t the Vtw4 Cryrhon ciiiie ft ll fi Irom liicoV/.* frtruii"'
the ^1:^,^,111. urdthectoc»r.tir,rr ;ht (/flilraj^r U, ll,,eiK Iptik.rv', ihM kind of I ;.ijle « li ii: I, ikc (,.,<■•, cllc-l jOim'I"'". ■■ ii-V*"' "'
ha. i.oih.i.jt t,. do *,ili eix \ ttMtf ot the l.t.W Uxi : |„ M,/,, uniW-iUlrJIy (oH..ri ikr IM.. nf loi.ie lo«l Unt rt-b mil il.Mn iniaal.i'-
111 llicif coLiitn', i,.,r 1- .t c( inv In.j^tiimr 10 u vn,crl«r »i- \m,* c,*:ily »lut liiid ii wji-, (., rot ' /'/'• A,,/ Hi,t «* " "//

i.<.«. • ll.j! j-::m II- » . Vulgu, I ,„ ... Book 3d, ciii.p 11. ' VU ^M. Hjh Uh u. tJf. i;. ' ^''■■"•' »''■'

... i.i„ij T,m.

Lri'itiiut xi

Pkiliu, CiJ.:

I hi' '

W here among liit piohibiltii Fovil! J-.-rf|-

Chap. II-

Inches roimcl, that is to fay, when they yrnff out and ex-
ttml tlumrilvts i lor, otlicrwili: thty liavc nut hM that
Bjomis ami, in all Probability, it was from this llrangc
I'roiKrt'y ot fwiHinR aiul icdening their Boilus, that the
Notioiiof their liviiiKupon Air was lirlKkriviil.

When they do not |niirii|' thcinfelvis, their Skin hangs
looli.in liK h a Manner, that the SiiineohlK ir Ikck is plainly
Ucn'tlirough it, their Kibs may be counted, and the Tcn-
ijons oi their tore and hiiul J amlw are plainly viliblc. It
w;is from the Conlideration ot the Cieatiiro in this Con-
(I.iion, that Icrtuaian was led to (iiy, a Ljiivlion was no
niore than a livinj; Skin*. It muil be conlrtrid, that this
i'roperty is no; only very lingular, bur, in fonu- nuMJiire,
alii) inconceivable, lor that it ilillenils itiill by receiving
Air is a I'oint generally agreed •, ami yet, iiow this Air
fnoulil pals tro'" the Lungs into the Habitude of the
Budy, is a Thing net liitherto accounteil tor.

There is another Quality of this llrange Animal no lefs
admirable, which is, that when it is thinneft, and the
Skin hai:gs as it were upon the B'mts, the Motion of its
Heart cannot be pcrceiveil, which one would imagine
in fuch a State, mull be very feiifible. Its Skin is very
cold to the Touch, and very uneven in its Surlace, lull
cf little I'oints like Shagreen -, but, at the fune Time,
not at all rough, but very finely polillnd. The Colour,
when the Creature is (hll, and in the Shade, is, for the
moll part, of a Blue-grey, about the leet it is of a
■W'hitc, inclining to Yellow, and, on the Body, there
an lome Streaks of a pale Red, which is likewife inter-
mixed with Yellow.

Arijiolle fays their Skin is black ; but it is certain, that the
Camdion fecn in Europe hath its Skin naturally of a
Blue-grey, which it likewife retains after it is taken oft", At
firtl alfo it retains the Streaks before-mentioned, but by
degrees, and as it grows dry, they wear out, and are no
longer vifible. When thcfe Anim.ils arc placed in the Sun,
tiiey change their Colour intirely, and alfume that which
is ailed an Ij'Mla, compofed of a pale yellow on the Sur-
face, and a deep red undt rneath. When removed out of
th- Sun, this beautiful Colour goes oft", anel the natural
Bi'Jt-grcy returns by degrees. Ihe Camelion being touch'd
and dillurbed when in the Sun, there appeared immediately
on its Shoulilers and 1^-gs black Spots as big as ones Nail.
Sunictimei again its Skin appears chcc:iuered with brown
Spots, inclining to a dark green.

Upon wrapping the Camelion in Linnen, it was taken
out white. Jldrcvan.itis fays, that \v law one fu changed
in this manner, that it feemcd to difappear, being not
diilir.r;ui(hablc in its Colour from the very Linnen it lay
upn ' ; but this Dcfcription fcenis to be a little exaggera-
ted; for commonly it is oblerved to (hange onl/ to a liglit
grey, and its natural dark Colour comes on again in the
Space of two or three Minutes. But notwithflanding this,
the Experiment molt evidently retiites what Plutarch and
Siiinui gravely tells us, th.at the Camelion alTumes all Co-
lours except white =. Jrijlotle likewife teems to be in the
wrong in affirming, that it chan;;es its Colour through its
whole * Body, whereas in all the modern l'',xperiments the
Skin, inllcad of being uniform, has been t'potted with dit-
ferent Colours. It m«ifl however be < fMifeflVd, that iiioft of
thlcCircunillances have variid inditVerent lixiu-runcnts, to
that it is very diificult to f(K;ak t xadly of all thclL- Particulars.
It IS natuial to conclude with foine Account of the Dif-
covtricb made by the Moderns as to its l-'ood, whieli feems
to put that Point entirely out of Uifpute. I'hey have
found tli.it it is l"o far from living u()on the Air and Siin-
Ihinc, as lome le.irned Men reported, and credulous Peo-
ple Ixlieved, that it is in Fac'T: a Bead of Prey, and more
ravenous than ( ould be txpei'led from its Size.

The Tongue of the Cameleon is the Weapon with
which he does all this Mifchief. Ft is covered conllantly
w.tli a kinii of natural CJkw, wliich draws to it Tlies and
w^'.T little Animals, \vhii;h tbck fill therein, and are
i.r.i\vn hack there with into the Creature's Mouth, with fuch
prodigious Agility, that it is hardly polllble to perceive

<?/" /^^ E A s T I N n I E s. 477

this Motion of throwing out and recalling the Tongue.
Upon examining this Member clolely with a Microfcope,

we itilcern a Multitude of very fmall Fibres, which run
winding like a Screw from the Root to the Point of the
'I'ongue, which, doubtlels, contributes very much to that
extraordinary Quic knefs o) Motion with which this Crea-
ture ufeth it. Upon Difl'eflion, there arc found in the
Ventricle and in the Intellines the Flics and Worms whicjj
it lias fwallowed '.

It voids from Time to Time a kind of Stones of a Size
and Weight liiperior to any thing it could fwallow ; and
thefe Stones have alibrded Matter for frelli Obfervations.
After having examined them clolely, and making fome
Kxperiments on them with dillilled Vinegar, it has been
tounil that they have the Head of a My, or lome fuch
thing in the Centre, round whicii the llony Mats lorms
itlc'lf, and riles to a conliderable Bulk before it is thiown
out. I ilo not find that the Moderns have at all enquired
into one I'att exprefly afilrted by ,€lian ', which is, that
this Creature is not atiJd ot, orallec'led by the Bite ot the
molt venomous kinds of Serjjcnts ; which perliaps mij^lit
lead us into new Ditloveries.

24. The Ueleription and Hittory of the Ants of India
recorded by ancient Authors, is at once the more fingul.ir
and extraordinary of any thing they have related concern-
ing this Part of the World, anei the more lb, becaule it is on
the one hand confidently reported, not by or;e or two Au-
thors onfy, but by almoll all the great Writers of Anti-
(juity « V and on the other, the itrictell F.nquity that
can be made by the Moderns, furnifhes us with no tort of
Intelligence, to prove that either there are, or ever were,
any fuch Anitnals as thefe ;n Nature. It would take up
too much ot the Reader's Time to enter i'lto a ;Miiicular
Account of all the Stories that the old \'. .. t :i us with
regard to the Indian Piiiiiires •, anit tl'.er.ioic to cut the
Matter lliort, I fli'all report what Pliny fays upon this Head,
as containing the Subllance of what other Writers have
delivered.

There are (till to be feen, f,iys he, in tiie Temple of Her-
cules M Erythr<e, the Horns of a ecitain Indian Ant, which
were there fet up to employ the Wonder as well as Curio-
fity of all Pollerity. Tiicle Ants in the Northern Indies,
and efpecially in the Country of the DarJians, burrough in
the Ground like Rabbits, and from thence throw up abun-
dance of fine Gold from the Mines under the Earth, in
which they make their Holes. Thefe Creatures are of
the Colour of Cats, and of the Size of Wolves or T'o.^cs
in Egypt. This Gold, which they throw up in the
Wiiuvr Seafon, the Natives of that Country endeavoar to
Ileal from them in the extream Heat of Summer, taking
that Opportunity, when the Pifmircs, to Hum the raging
Heat of the Sun, lie clofe fliut up in their Caves. Yet this is
even tlien performed with great Danger •, for if thefe Crea-
tures gain any Scent of them, they purfue with incredible
Boldnefs and Speed, neither can the Swittnefs of their Ca-
mels fave them ; but they are frequently torn in Pieces by
thefe furious Animals, eager to recover that Gold in which
they fo much ilelight ».

Jrijlotle hath treated largely of the Nature of Ants in
general, and feems to have exainined the Subject with great
Diligence and Application'; yet he fays nothing of thefe
Indian Ants, though the Story had been told by Writers
who flourilhed long before him, and therefore in all Pro-
bability he looked upon it as a Fable. Philojlratus lays,
that thefe Creatures arc not only found about the Sources
of the Indies, but alfo in Ethiopia " ; and yet fuch Tra-
vellers as have vilited th.at Country, fay nothing of any
ilich Animals, which it is impoflible they fliould have
omitted, if they had either feen or heard of it. It appears
however clearly both from Strabo and Arian, that this
Tale, and all the Circumilances relating to it, came origi-
nally from Magnjlhenes, who pretends that he had leen the
Skins of thefe Animals, which were fpotted like the Skins
ofTygers; and he alfo reports another Circumftanee not
mentioned by Pliity, which is, that the Inhabitants, by fcat-

''e.lrcu. -lorn. lii. p.
'<■ »■ p. 20-. B^J.wt

55-

Hijt.

S'al. p.

■ Hifiozc.i. p. \t.

PM>llr.,l. Jil,u Jpctlt',. Tyan. /,/•. \i.

NUME

3. ' riulanh.

Jt Jnimat. lib. i%'. c
':!). vi. I. 4.
1. I.

Optr. p.

*' PI,;.

1153. ^ Ariji.l. Je ma. Jnim. HI: xi. faf.

« HeroJot. Hi. iii. c 102. Strah, lib. XV. C.l;m
lliji. Nat. lib.M. cji. ' Ariftot

b I-

.ilfxan.lri>:. P..-.li^.
Je Hi//. Mima!. Hi: v.

tcring

i,p' r i ■'■'i'ilk

5/!;Ht:r;i'

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:J,

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I: J

,1 •«»»«. \ ': V ;■ ■liin

■■■hWJ .lii'i'' '!il'l

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i:*.

"fW?""^l

ll^ I

4/8

7/j<' DlfcoNcry, Settlement, a»r/ Commerce Book I

trriiiR, the 1 .imbu of Animals c\it to I'iccn near the Pnis
cr I lolc; ot tlu l^ifmirrs, i!nw tlirni to fVcil upon tl»''k ■,
arul while thrv wrrc thus iinployoJ, r.irrial away thtir
(Jol.k'n Stuns.' ^rf.rchus Mo hx<i Mnn\, that ho hkcwil •
law the Skins oi thcli- Ants in the Micclcman CAn\[) \ hut
Iwtli Str.h'o aiivl /hnatt ktm co tjive no Credit to thilc
Kclatums'. . . ,1,

One might Ix- tempted to mi.if^mr, that tlic orij'^inal iU-
rortiis ot thill- Storiis miOixik the Creature ot which thi y
Imkc, ana whitli thi-y ought raihevto liavr Kilcil it a Mole

they liail (loKI, it was taken from ilie Pms tt'Grv'.
anil other liiri e ami terrilik' IJialU, (o tJut it aimcw ' '
finitely Utter to obtain this precious Conimcxlity u T,'
lick, th.iii to txpofr tlu-mfilvi s lo tlu- Dunp.ts wiixh i*^-
|H)ur Imlians ran in procurin-; if, it ihi L' Markc'ti w- ^
furniflicil with precious Stonw, tluy hkcwili wcrccoilctH
with increilih!,' I li/arJ ; which kind of IM'\ joinnl'tjii
Dillaiuc of the Country, and the natural Avcrfum n'^'
the Ac«;<;k I /-^^ions had to lcrvin[', in Cliinatfs iliti'aint U,'
their own, t<ir many A,!;e had as t';f>i.Hl 1 riiil in ij^nj.ll'
the Indhtnt trom ilitir ln'Undlifs Ainhition. "^

Thr l.ilfc l<i'h!;i<.)n ol tlieWpW(;«/,and their crnt p-c-
ncNto Supiillition, was anothvr invimiblcli.ir to tht- ■
w\r, at any tun- Knowicdi.v of the Coiintriis they ;■'■';
'I'luir Heads were li> lull u\ 1 al)k<:, Omci!';, an 1 V
di[;ie«, that it was very caly to ni.ike tlmn luiiivv ti .
till- Iiiit:,i W.IS inlialiittil by (iiants aiul tli.u tlut,,),,-'

and all tlu other Rivers m it, fwarnicil with Mo; ft'
We have a llroc;; I'rcjol of this in wliit lujiiTiitJ wV

tJian an Ant i 1 fay we niij'Jit lufprd this, if in any latir
Writer there was the liatl Notice taken of this MetiuKl ol
comln(.' at (iold ; but as there is not, I mull confcfs I look
\ipor. the whole as a FabkMnvented by the Indiam, to pre-
vent Srran^'.crs troin bcin^ too bufy in looking after thc^r
i;<)ld Mines. I'owfoniui Md,i ' ir|»rts the I-'aCt without
the kalt Mark of Dilfidcncc. " InJii, fays he, produces
•' Ants not inlerior in Si/c to the largell Dogs, which, atter
«' tijc manner ot Gryphon?, are ("aid to difcover and watch

«• over Gold with incredible Sollu itude." A Thing in the I taming of Aow was at its gnatdl H-i^iit l;v,
itielf fi) incredil>le, that it is amaiinm any could fjieak of it found nccclVary to thangi.' the Coui le ol the Kivr r, ..„.
without S'.il'pici'Mi. to facilitate tlic hiinj^ing up their J iut to ,/..•;;..;,;

That tin re are, however, vaft Numlicrs of Ants in this prodigious Worl:, that, however, tlry in-di rt.jtK ,;:
Cfiuntry, and o( a larj^e Si/.e, is very certain , and thefc executed ; whicii Ihcws that there was nothinj^ tin:
tiK) very niifchicvous i fo that to avoid their Pepredations,
the Inhabitants in fome Places are obliged to have their
t hells fixed vyon four I-ect, and thole l-eet fet in a VelTel
hill ij\ Water to jiavtnt the Ants from petting into them

But then t!ie largeft ot thefe Criatures arc not faid to be

cnterprizing a Pioplc might not have pertiirnivJ, it'i:i ,•
had not Ix'en liable to the Terrors of .Superftitjun. \V!i<j
the Waters of the River were turiud nut of their oil
Channel, they difcovrred a Sepulclirc of Marth, abov;
fixteen Foot long, filled with H()ih<! of an fnoriT.M
Size-, and which, ncverthelcl-., the iVoplcof th;uCu",
try perfuadcil them wire thole of a Man ; iipri whir, ^
Oracle of Apollo, at Otiros \n loria, was confuhcil, sri
they were informed, that tlnlc were the Rcmiins o:
Orontes, a Native of the Indies \ which was cnc".;;'',
to confirm them in the Opinion they had conc.ivci,

above a Finger's 1 cngth, which with ri Iji (.'t to fuch a Crea
r.ire is a prodigious Burnefi". There are alfo infinite
Numbers cl thefe dcf.ructiv.- Anir.ials in Jfrua, which
raife ! Ii!!s of a hirprifmir 1 leii.;,ht 4 but thefe are not faid to
be aliove h..lt an Inch n Ixnc'th •, lo that alter all the in-
quiry pofllblc, 1 have r.'jt been ab'e to dili over any Faifl

tr.at c.iuld be dej-nndfti upon capable of giving Light into that the Inhabitants of that Country, were much fojc.

sN'h.it the Ar.cients have n latcd uixm this Head. It is not rior in Size to the rell of Mankind'.
Iiowevcr .uiiils to prefervc even the moft extravagant of The great Reverence paid by tlicm tn Antlquit)', «a

the ir Accfjunts, Ixxaufe lutiirc Travellers, by tx-rufing another St)urcc of I'Trors. One would ima-;inc, fr i

them, may have an Oppurtunity of making fuch Enquiries reading fomc of tlieir Writers, that they tuii iVt i

as n-.ay j-oli i ly ililcovtr wh.A f;as'c Rife to thefe Fables ; never to be wifer than thdl'e who wer.t Ixibrc th'T:

tiir it would l>t cafy to (hew from many Inrtanccs, that a Almoll all the voluminous Woil,. of /V;«v, is taken t;?

flrit-'t F.xamir..itiun of Falfhoods has frequently led to the Greek Authors, and tliofc not ol the Ik(\ CreJit '. \\:.r

DifcovtTy ot very impoitant IVuths. ever will take t!ic Trouble of C(»m|'aiiii2 the Cnoijrjih

2!;. Alt' r the iVrufal of this Chapter, the Reader will ot Pomfcmu AhLi, witii the 1 lift.. ry of //iTn./r.'n.', ni

lie able to judge for himftlf as to the Capacity of the An- plainly jxrrccivc , that he has borrowed Irimi hi3

tienth, with rcfpttt to tiie Dcleriition of the IndieJ, and the bill I'art of what he his written, particujr!;,

be able to decide wherein they dcltTved Praife, and how far that Padagc relating to th;' Ants that dig fjclii. AaJ

they are liable to Cenfure. It will be clear to him, that in hence it comes to pals, that when we diligently tract a-/

fomc Ref|x-its they had the Advantage of us, though not of the incredible Stories we nitit with in olJ Wr.tiiiiij)-

in many. As for inftancc, in the Knowltiige of the Nature, ward', we fuul the original Aiitlior to he C;./;., //;t>

l)illx.fition and Strength of F'.lephants, which were much dolus, or Megajlbtnts , dcx'ry'd , and yet copieil in ail

in ule lx)th with the Greeks and Romans, aiur Alexander had Ages.

o;xned a PafVagc to the Mies '. This muff have given But for thofe Things which fell immcili.itely und;-

them many 0])p,<jrtunities of examining carefully into all the F.yes and Obfervation of their Ixll Wiitfri, fuch is

the Qualities of that Creature, wliicli are Opportunities that Ariftotle, Sirabo, Diodorus ^uuhis, .Irnan, PJum,

we have not. Ariftotle s h.is written about them with and many others, they are very candidly ami birlv r;-

pteat Jud;:;ment and Accur.iry j but as to the Work of jx>rtcd ; at lead, as far xs the Lights they hid woiikl [-ft-

^.Uan'y 1 mull contels he fcTms to have rtudied to amufe, mit. We mull not, therefore, cither iin',licitly bi!i;v:

rath.cr than inform his Readers. wliatever they have delivered, for, if we I'o, we llulllJ

The Terror of the Kcman Arms wxs fo great, ff|vci3lly into the liiine F.rrors that they did from that Vfr\' Ciiit<
after they liad reduced hfjft into the form of a Province,
tli-it the In:!i.ws were exueamly afr.iid of them, and tlierc-
fore m3(!c uW of .ill the differ' nt MitlnKls thfy could in^
vtnt to hinder them from making that life they iniglit have

of trufting to the Ancients-, and, on the otliir M^.
sve mult not imagine that wherever they differ with TiS
Mod.erns, or arc not abfolutely fupportei! 1 y thtm, i..?y
are conftantly in the wrong, and dilerve no Ctci.itaU"

dene oi their Muntimc Powc r. It w.-is with this View that Ix-caufi.-, fuch a Notion may, and fuprobably will, betray -i
they fent i:mbanad<;rs to theli !-'.m|xTors, and with them into new Millakes i becaufe, in (ome 1 lling^. th" A"'
Vrcfents of wild Beaft>, and, .Senicnrs, that on the one cicntshad letter OiMXJrtunitits of knowing than wc; a^l

Serp

hand they might ikMu.uIc them of their SubiiiifTion, and
Cn rhc other fright them Irom um.lert.iking F.xrx-ditions into
9 C<Hintry, v.lier< th(y ...r. ti. run lu many II.i<urdi from
Beaits as well .IS .\J,-ii. Jt w.is troin the lame Principle that
they i'dlrd th(ir l.;us witli dreadlul and t.iilc Re|H.rt.s. If
they had Sp.icti, they lueiciidtd that tl.ey were obtainol
With iniinite Dirtieulry, and by lueh a dai.-'er.His Naviga-
tion, as Uarcc a;,y M,,i, m lii< .Senles v.owld aiteiiipi |'if

Gofmft. Ill iii.

OjiixjrtunlL „ I

I^x[)eriencc has (liewn us, tiiat, after kveral 'rinrgs, L.)
have told us, have been exploded tor fall's tli^y Ij^"'
upon further Difcovcrits, Ixen ackno\v!a'.i;'d ''■"■''"•'•■,,
The only true Rule of judgm;^, is, tu lur.li

[ulCt !3i

Nature of 'the Thing related, "the Character ct t e At-
thor who relates it, and how far he is luiprttOic ur-

Caf ' as do not afi'jnl ^
1, Rub,!.';-^^'

tra lic'ttd by others ; but, in

-irah., Iw j-v. ////.w«, in h.ii.i
lot iiM i:ttf It, r.^n, Ijlitan.i, U.m

At-iHUil tit VI i. ' f. , ^,;(„

/■ ;'■

L)i.J,r. ■S„a.' I'lm. 111. S

an Opportunity of luv<r.g Recouile tu il.i

<f. ■'. ' P. yanUx Brcri I'mig' n'r I'I'U f '"'

"' ■ "ul. Jrpiun t I), III/.'. .'•■"Kill ■'■'''

;.'(/ •

\. ^fi'C^rt tium ibe IhJca i.i .'lutJi'jn i; luial lu •••-■ ^■■■•'i-

1 li..'

Chap. H.

of the East Indies.

479

way is to avoid all lially Dciifions, and to wait till new
|,,„|,iiiii'.s allbril us new I.ii'lus. But it is now Time to
priKiiil to the Atvounts whi( h thclc Writers have given
lis ol the otluT Aiiiinals ol ilic /W/«, that live eithrr in
ilic Water or llii: Air \ ami in ri-ganl to them as wtil as
to till' 1. anil-Animals-, wc lliall confine oiirfilves only to a
Itw of the moll remarkable ; and, even with refpeitt to

them, fet down nothing; more than what fccms moft
(hiking and worthy of Notice \ which Method, if wc did
not purl'ue, each ot theH; Seftions mii^ht 1)C very eafily
1 welled into a Volume ■, fo that, if any think them rather
too much extended, 1 Hatter myfelf they will alter their
Opinion, when they confidir how much is omitted, in order
to Lring only the capital I'oints within Bounds.

SECTION XIV.

An Account of the mojl remarkable Fish and Fowl in the Eaft-Indies, as defer Ibed by
ancient and modern Authors^ with proper Obfervatiom and Remarks,

I. the Notions of the Ancients with regard to feveral Kind of /f'hit/es, Sea-elephant s^ and othu Fijh of
tnorinoui Size in the Indian Ocean, with a particular Account of the llound-fijh. 2. An exaSt Defer ip-
tion of the Riirr-cow, with the Reafon why the 'Teeth of this amphihious Animal are preferred to Ivory.

from ancient and modern Authors -, with many Remarks upon that Subjelt. 6. Of the Flying-fijlj in the
Indies, from ancient IVriters, compared with Martinius'j Account of a Flying-fjh in China, and the
'Tibiivo /■« Japan. 7. Tbefe^imlltindof'Tortoifcs i« /Z/i' Indies, their extraordinary Size, the Ufes and
Value of their Sht-lls. 8. 'fhe Crocodile defcribed by ancient Authors ; the vaji Size of thefe Creatures
in the Indies, and many curious Pafages relating to them, drawn from Works of modern Travellers.
9. Of the Cyonoeidis, or B/ue-iLorm in the Ganges, a kind of Serpent thatfeems to be unknown to the
Moiltrns, 10. The Iw&iu-Eagle defcribed; an Account of all the remarkable Properties of that Bird,
and ii (lijlinfJ Relation of what is /aid as to the Aetites, or Stone found in the Nejls cf Eagles, and its
Virtues. \i. A Defcription and fuccinSt Hijlory of the OJlrich, in which many Errors relating to that
Bird lire corretled, and the Caufes of them explained. 12. Of the Pelican, the fmgular ^alities of this
Creature, an,.' the many Fables that have been invented concerning it, 13. The Hi/lory of the Phasnix^
from the IVriters of Antiquity ; the Fables on this SubjeSt examined, and the true State of the ^ejiion
explained. 14. 0/" /At? Scmcndal, or Staligers Phoenix, a Bird really found in the Indies. 15. An
accurate Defcription of the Cafoar, one of the largejl and nioji extraordinary Fowls in the Indies, and
idn lb ferns to have been unknown to the Ancients. 16. Of fame other remarkable Birds mentioned by
Eaft'crn Writers, or in the Relations of modern Travellers. 17. Mifc'Hancous Obfcrvations and Remarks
en the fori going Defcripiions, tending to the farther Illujlration of the Subjcil.

i.T T feems to have been an eftablifhcd Opinion among
J, the Ancients, that, of all the Elements, Water breeds
the nioft, the largeil, and the greateft Variety of living
Creatures; or, at leall, was inhabited by fuch, and of all
Stas, or Collcftions of Salt-water, that which waflied this
Shore of the Indies, was held to be the moft fruitful in large
Filh, and thofe too of the greateft Size in their refpedlive
kinds. We Jiavc already mentioned, in the Circumna-
vigation of Nearchus, how the Fleet oi Alexander the
Great was alarmed by a Shoal of Porpufles, and what
mighty WiiaK-s were fcen by tlicrn in thofe Seas. Plit^
carries the Matter much farther ; he talks of Whales in
the Indian Sea, that covered four Acres of Land ; and
mentions a lefllr-kind, called Prijies, which in all Proba-
bility, were a Sort of Fin-filh, two hundred Cubits, or
three huntlrcd Feet in Length j and at this, fays he,
wc nccil not wonder, fince, in that Country, even tlie
Locuils are four Cubits in Length ; and that there are
tcls in tlie Rivtr Canges tlut mealure thirty Feet. He
larther obfcrvcs, that, in the Red-fea, diere is a Pininfula,
failed Cddain, which runs far out into the Sea, and makes
thereby a Bay fo commodious, and fo well covered from
all Wimls, that the I'ilh lie there as quiet and as ftill
as in a MilUpond ; and there, fays he, are bred thole
^Muksofan enormous Size, which, fometim;s vcntur-
iiig out to Sva arc caught by Storms, cfpecially about the
Dog-days, and thrown on the oppofite Coalt of Perfia,
Inhere the IVopIt; cat die Melh, and build themlelves
ubins ot the Bones, as wc have, long ago, heard from
A<;^m/'.'«, whole Voyage on that Coad, feems to be the
oeit Account that even in the Days of Pliny they had
«i thoft Seai '.

In the Gt'.nges there were Fifh refembling Dolpliins in
Shape, called Plataniftx-, which were more than twenty
Feet long ; and thefe I take to have been a kind of Stur-
geon ; but what moft aflioniflied diem was, the Reports
they had, that in the Indian Ocean there were Fifh refem-
bling all kinds of Land-animals •, and of thefe they men-
tion particularly the Sea-elephant, which they held to be
live Times as large as the Creature from which it borrowed
its Name, and of thefe tiiey had not bare Reports only,
but fome of them had been feen and meafured. As for
Sea-lions, Sea-dogs, and Calves, they were common in
thofe Seas, and though extremely terrible in their Defcrip-
iions, yet appear plainly to have been nothing more than
different Species of the Seal, as I take the Sea-lions in the
tVeJl-Indies to be. But of thefe, that which feems to
have been the moft dangerous was the Sea-hare ; which
Creatiu-e, Pli>^ affirms, was in the Mediterranean, a mere
Lump, or very ill-fliaped Filh i but, in the Iidian-Sas,
he affures us, that it was very like the Land-hare, and of
a Nature fo venomous, that the very Touch of it caufcd
Sicknefs at the Stomach, ftrong Vomitings, and other
deadly Symptoms >•.

What is related of the Hound-filh, or Sea-dog, feems
very fabulous ; and, one would imagine, was invented by
the Pcarl-fifhers, in order to fet the higher Price upo.i
their Commodities. It is adirnied of thefe Monllers, ihac
they attack the Divers when under Water, wlu) are foiced
to iieep them off with long Poles, at the I ieavi ui wliicli
are Spears, or ftiarp Points. Fhe faftlt Way, as tliey
found, by Experience, w.xs, to attack thefe Ainiiials full,
for this llruck a Terror into them, and kepi them at a
Dillance 1 but the Danger was not tlien uvrr, fmce,

» S'(uiWji. lib. ix.

^rii: Hi-. i». yir/i(i». W. xvi,

when

1 ■' ;■,' '

I :

'>:' I f liiii

i ■ " (■, V ': ■.

iiilji

tif. i

Ifll

ii^',

4S0 %• Oilcovcry, Settlement, a^/J Commerce

Rookr.

Tip;!TO If 7^

'r'il^ ■''*■':

wmBc- ':<

M Sfi ^'

B flV^ 4:''!-

f ■ -»

'. I-

I?),

w ■

>»hcn the Pivfr* ImI ilonf their lltilincls, ami Ixpan
to iilWn.i, th-' Sta il.M-.n Ktur.til to tluir C h.irRc, ami
l..|k,«,-a tlwni wuh j;rr.Hrr I'ury tlun ever, whi e tl.r
Mm wrti IrU .•■!'!!• !•' 'Ittinil hnnlrll, a^ hung obli|v>l
I.. impl«-y on.' \V\"-\ i" lu'Klitir, i''" Hu|)<- wliirh .lr<w
him Uj'. to tli.it hr h.ul only tin otii. r. w winch hr hilil
thr I'ol.. which wa» to ktrji o(V his 1 nriny. But ihi
l-rvat.il U.ili.iilty ol all w.is, to I'lill I.. in wy int.. t!u-
Hhitn ti" tlidi- (uiKMis Animal', wrrr rcaily, at the Inll.iiit
he nil' l.om tl.f NVitir, to Umji al'ta him, amlilivnur
him m Sr',li! 1)1 his V. "m|union<. To avoiil fo inicl a
IVaili, till' M.ii\ was lurrnl to liraw u]) his l-cps anil I-Vrt
as iloli- as hr It uKl 10 hiv linly, while tholV on Boanl drew
Iiim 111' «.th aiiuiik Jeik, ami i;imr(,t them witli Haml-
fpikiJ, Trout- f|H'ar^, ami what I'vi-r t-ll.' i .ime to hanJ, ll.Kkl
ria> y iniMnul liim liom thrSca-ilot;s, iniafc thiy k.\\v^\
(lur lull, nut (it thi- Water, riulc Cuatiiri's wen- 110
Ids liil'tilc than crikh ami tlurcli.rf {■,ttingiimlii the Kct-j
ot the VilUl, thiy kij't tlumltlvr^ vrry Inuri', ami were
rca.ly ajiain to ruvw ihcii Att.uk ujHin the nixt Divcr
that was I t ilown*.

N<iw, tlmiii^h many Ciivumftancc of this Account arc
V(ry impioluble, yit, it mull W allowcil, that thr IVarl-
ilivifs nin very ^;rr.it I l.i/auls from thulb voraciou-; Aiii-
inalj, witli which thcli' Seas aUajml, as we h.ivr alfuly
Ihcwn h\ various Inllamrs of Men t.irii to I'liccs i-vcn m
the l|.irl>uuis, ami in the Sight of tlie C.rjws of a whole
.Sijuailion, not by the Houml-lilh, or Sea iIhl',, but by
.S^iarks, I mkihIiIcs, or .S<-a-lcriciits '. It is highly pro-
bal Ic that they wen- in all A'5;cs lialile to tiie like Nlibtor-
tiiiics, am! tli.it the Uhh.iis of thrfe, wh ch, in them-
iMvcs, W(r. true, cue IJinh to tliis and .nhir Stories ol
th" Urwv kiiul, wliRJi h.uscvir tahiili'iis in their Ciicum-
Oances, were nut at the Bottom alilolutcly void ot l-'onn-
ilatiun

.1. It was in the fame Manner that they m.ngnilKd by
tnii.ippn hcndinj; what tluy were told contcriiing amijlii-
blo'js C 1 aiures V .ind heme it istli.it they rej on tln.lc
tome out iJ the vS<a and Kivtrs, and make llrange Ha-
vo-. 1^ in the Meadows and Corn-titfils wluch lluws what
an l.uprtiruin the .'Xuounts thty h.id rccrivi-il of t!it Sca-
harl'e, or Sea-cow, for it is called by Ixnh Nam s, had
nv'.dc ujyin them ; for thoni^i they were in fome nirofurc
aii'jUair.td wii!\ it in £e^/', and li)me of them had Ixcn
bioU[iht to Hiine^ yet thole of the Indits were much
larger ; and, imhcd, there wrte lew Animals more cajiahle
of 'Uikinn with Allonifliment by tlnjr Dtlcnption, liich
.Ts \.i re iiruiKjuaintcd with them hetore.

'J'lie Sea cow in the Eaftlndi(s rrli-mbles in Si/.c and in
Shajic the Khimnrrosi and as that Animal has l.x-gs
nmrter than th • I'lcplunt, fo the Lej;.; ol this ami>hibitAis
C'n .ilure arc lldl Ihortir tl.in his. \\ inn u riks out ol the
Sea or Kiver to come on Shore, it fjiouts a valf Qiiantiiy
of Waifr tIiroi'^',li its Notlrilj. The He.id, in its Make,
rtfciiiMci that o| .1 I lorle, except tiiat it is much bigger,
aiul tlicietore from thence, ami fiom the Clumlimfs ot its
Jambs, it derives its Name of the S-^a or River Cow. The
t'o.ii is hairy, but very ilofe, the Skin an Inch tliick at
UalV. It has on cacli Suit two ihonj; 'I'eeth abovit a 1-L'ot
a'l.l h.ilt in 1 '■n{;th, weifjiin;.', each ot them alxjut ten
I'oui.ds. Tlief- .ire clb emed the v. ry bell Ivory, or rather
Ix'iter than any Ivury, it We underllam) that Word ftni'tly
%)\ ilie I'lt'ihaiits letth, bccaufe they have one I'rr)()<rty
wimh thole Teeth liavi not, and t/iat is, that they never
lole their Colour, which is exceedingly wjiite, whereas t!ic
iiii.ll Ivory glows y.lkiw by Degrees.

1 li Se.i t. ()w hath Udders, and fucklcs iter young ones
in th'" iy-m- m.mncr that the l,anei Cows e!o tluir Calves,
ami ihry an- clten l.iund with them in i!ie Mtaiiows -, the
Krt (it iS le Cre.ituies are divided into tour, and they move
l>re-tty t.ilf, notwitl-.llar.dinj- tluir Bulk, when they arc pur-
liicvl. Iheir Ih-lh is eilremed more delic.ite than any
otlu I, a'v.l lite j-at is as hard and as fweet x, Butter. It is
t.uit, t'lat t>e ling uj-on tiiis Animal will eh.iti!//- all the
Juius 111 ih. I lunia;i Body, .uid thcreiore it v, lie lei tlicbcll

• ri.H. !':/■ l» ,,!/. »ln

in III . ' «V',/v /,/•. ix

<• .liinn ilk «jt (tf. -

Rellorative, and the moQ rfTec'lual Cure for Scurv
limits, and other ill Habits ot Body •. It i\ .il|„^,|T'
thele Creatures tc-ed molHy uix^n (,rafs, an,! m,,y uAi!
eat Com too it it comes in their W.iy •. but tlui th,:y ,t, J

lown

•* TitMtHtl. Tom

i(i, /. ii .- 1 1 . '

I ^f. .',>«Au,

li W f -,,r, ./f.V;*,, /,/,

ix laf. veil.

'^ Pt A:f,.al.l,h. »,. <fl.«

up in Droves, and Imakinf, into Corn-tVltls, trami)|'.,i(
ami delfroy the whole Kruits ol a 1 larvell, is at|iim-n„t
to Ik Iw Irved We will now pre»reeei to the j'lil, S
|K'rly lei called, tli.it arc taken notiee ol by t||y|^. \Vj., *■'
or at Icall c,t li.ch a . arc moll remarkable. "'

,'. The Dolphin teems to have ex. re ile-d in a vcn- pi,,
tiiular nunmr the Attention of the Ancients, whe'luv
delVnberd it with gre.iter Care, andpreferved more IVii!
culars relating to it tli.m .my other lilh, though at thci:ini«
time It mull be conlclleil, that the Aceoiinti they have
given us Icrve r.itlur to raile our Admiration than tu m.
creafc our Knowlctige, l>ecaule it fo falls out, tlrjt witluhe
Help of all they have told u>, we are not able tu affiim
with any Certainty, what Filh it w.is the y dilhiipjiHial b^
this Name. 1 licy r.'iH.it that it was excrlllvely |*||, ,'
Iwimming, th.it It carried it'i I Icael a liitli' .lU.vc Water
and that it had an extraordinary Kimhrij, fur Mankind'
Thcv likewif. lay, that the Dolphin was very roniinon i.'i
the Mcdtlcrrontan, the Jtlantuk Ocean, and the M«
Sea '.

It is very certain, that at prefent we meet in none of
thofr .Se.is with any I itVi that relembles the l''i(;urc ol tiic
Doljihin, a.s repi c ll ntcd by the Ancients, neither is it known
that any Filli li.is thole I'roif ities which they .ifcriU tutftc
DeJphin. Pltiiy ti lis us a rtm.irkable Story rf a Dolphin
that te.ok a I'aiicy to a Boy in the Kingdom of ^'(^f/<;,^nJ
carried him on his Rick airol's an Arm of the Sea to anj
from Si hool every Day, the B<jy calling him imi;
whidi F.ii't, he lays, he woukl not have rcLucel, but that
he found It mcrtioned before in feveral authintick Wntm
as a thing to well known, that it could not admit cithaol
lX)ubt or Difputc •.

I have but jull mentioned this I'alTage, bccaufe it haA
been alre.uly tranlcribed by many Writers 1 hut thcrr i\ ,; .
other Story m .Ulian to the full as remarkjlilc, whidis
wejrthy the Ue.uler's Notice. It happened unckr the Reip
of PicUmy riHiidilfbui, that leiine young Men were bat.';-
ing thcmfclves in the Sea at the Mouth of the Port of
Alcx.mJriit, when a Dolphin I'wam in aniongll them, aiij
taking a particular Liking to one ot them, encouraged hi;n
to get upon his Back, which the young Man ciiil, and it
carried lum a good way out to Sea. 'I'his Ix-ing llvinl
times repe.ited, the Spedtacle at lall became ciimmon, and
was Uhehl by Multitudes ofSiKCtatcn. The Fnd, how-
ever, was as tragical as the Beginning had kfn [iltafari;
for the Dolphin having one Day torgeit tu Ihiit clufc tht
Iharp i inn u|H)n his B.ick, one ot the Spikes ran irto the
young Man's I'liigh, and he tainted with thel-ofsotBlod,
The Fifh perceiving his Dillrels by his not comhiCtirg hra
as uliial, brought him bai k to the Shore-, and then kholil-
ing tlu' Condition he was in, remained likewil'eont.hcS,ir.,!,
and jxrifhed witii him ".

It would Iv- an eafy Matter to collcft m.iny morcRfU-
tions of this lort from the Writings of the ancient N»
lalills, if what has lieen laid w.is not more than liitiiciC.it
to iTiew, that uj>on certain Octai'ions they let no Bounds tJ
their Creelulity, and their Fondnels for wonderful .Stories.
Thi-y likewilc rcjxjrt ol this Animal, that it was of luch a
focial Nature, as to fwim in Company with ctiitrs of :a
own kind, for the fake of refilling mutually with grcittt
Stre ngth any Attempts that might be made ujxin thra.
They likewilc allure us, that the Dolphins were drawn to-
w.iids tlie Shore, and kept there by the Sound ot Mufick,
which is as incredible as any of the rell, ami fcxms caxa-
kited purely lor Amufement. Some other Circumto
they re[X3rt which are more probable, fuch usthat tlif W
phin was naturally an Enemy to the Croeixiilr, and dcitndri
itl'elf from the Attacks ol that turious Creature, byraiW
the fharp I'in upon its Back'.

Certain it is, that from a Notion of its Friendlnip tJ
Men the Ancients lorlwre eating its FIclli, and the C«-

' Ahnoll all the Wr ier> <,( Voytyc le. ihe F.«j1 .ind '^'•l';''^"'T.

laf. ii. I'iio lii. ut <.
' .1uia». I.l>. V. .-up. b

Pill,, lii. XI. i't- 57

CiJ"*-

Chap. H.

of the East Indies.

481

t\M ••■irried thf ir Reverences fij far as to creft a Tcmpk- to
It was iVonj the TaJiic Notion that Alexander the (Ircu
aniiointcil « Boy to execute the Office of HiKh-l'riid to
AVwwf, betaufe the prevaiHng Opinion then was, that tlic
IXjJpiiins had a {jreal Tenderntfn for Youths. As for the
Hlh that IS known to us by this Name, they have been
(jil'aibed in the former Chapter, and will be mcntioneil in
fublcqueiU Voyages j and therefore without dwelling longer
en a I'tipic, iijion which fomc learned Min have writ-
(in hrge 'I'leatifis, wc will proceed in our Difcourfe to
other Inlwbiunts of the Mian Seas tJiat have exercifed the
Pens of the Writers of Antiquity ».

4. Ot the Purpura, or Purple l-'idi, many Authors fpcak
Lrply 1 ind from them we gather, that there were (everal
ililinnt forts, fome fed amonjjft rotten Muil, others on
SaWtals, a third fort in the Gravel •, but that which was
the licluft, and yielded the ftrongell Uye, was called
Pialui^, or the IViindtring Fijb, tlut led in all the ditVercnt
Swls bcforenienlioncd. This Firti had a lony Iharp Tongue,
( t" the Size ol ones Finger, fo hard, and (harp at the Point,
as to he able to pierce into other Shell-fifli, and fuck them ;
ami thus living on their Blooil, it becaine, when dij^ilhd
in the Botiy ot that Firti, the noble Dye which was fi) much
eflcmcd, and carried fo great a Price, that the Syrians
giincd not only immcnfc Wealth, but immortal Keputa-
tion, by their Skill in managing their Trade therein 1.

The manner in which they carried on this Fifliery was
thus : At the proper Seafon, which was in the Beginning
of the Autumn, or the Beginning of the Spring, they let
down into the Sea ccruin fniall Nets, in which were Cockles,
or fome other fmall Shell-fi(h, which had been for fomc
time out of the Water. Thffe opening their Shells for
Suftenance, the Purple Filh, which, as wc obferved before,
was a Fidi of Prey, came prcfcntly about them, and gree-
dily thrufting their Tongue* into the Shells of the other
Filh, they clofed upon them, and li) they were drawn up
together. Then, as fome Writers fay, the Vein of the
Purple Filh w.is opened, and the Colour drawn out. But
llim gives us a mudi clearer and more copious Account
tif this Matter v for he tells us, that as ioon as the Filh was
caught, they did not take out the Colour, but the Xc\n
which contained it -, and having olitaincd a fulHcient Quan-
tity, they mixed it with Salt, and in this Condition it re-
mained three Days \ then to eight Gallons of Water they
put one hundred and fifty Poumls of Colour, and boiling
Jt over a gentle Fire, (dimming it fiom lime to Time, it
came in about five Hours to look perfedly clear and bright.
Li orJi r, however, to judge the better of this Dve, and to
bow when it was perfcftly boiled, they dipped now and
thin a Lock of Wool into it, by confuiering of which they
knew when it required a higher and when a lower Degree
ol' F'ire ».

After die Colour was thus prepared, they put into it
fuch a Qiiantity of Wool as tlu y intended to dye, which
foaked in it for five Hours •, then it was taken out, dried
and carded, and afterward thrown' into the Dye-Tub
again " •, and after it was dried a fccond time was delivered
to the Manufadurers to be fpun, and wrought into Cloth.
This was what was properly callcil the true Purple, which
had been ufed in Rome Time out of Mind, when Pliny
wrote, but not in common •, for Romulus never appeared
in this Colour, but when he put on his Robe called •I'ral/ea,
»nd even in the Days of Juguftui it was at a high Price ;
but afterwards it .grew cheaper, or at leaft it grew more
common, as Pii)ri tells us at large ".

There fctms to be no doubt that this was the fineft and
rithell Colour known to the Ancients, efpeci.illy the Diba-
iiha, or double-dyed Tyrian Purple •, for whatever Changes
there miiiht happen in Falhions, that from the firft to laft
Was eftceincd the belt. A great (.Jueilion has been raifcd
how this (. olour camt to be loft, faice all the ditferent kinds
of Shtll-Filli, from whence it was t.iken, were found in
various Parts of Europe, as well as in the Indies \ and the
luruu; this Colour has Ixcn always mentioned as an extraor-
'linary Mhfonune, and as one ol the Thint^.s in which wc
fill mull fliort of tlie Ancients. But, peihaps, when this

Matter romes to be more fiiiouflv examined, the I^f» will
not be Ibund lb great, nay, I doubt, if upon the whole, wb
ought to .ircouiit it any [mU at all.

In the full place, let us confider how it \-\ pofTiblc the
Art of inaiuiging this Dye (lioulJ have Uen hirgot, which
was in lb many i lands elkemed at fo great a latf, and in
general Credit througliout Europe \ 1 lay, let us confider
this, and we fliall plainly lee, that it could have been loll
no other Way than by the coming in of fome other Co-
lour, or lather of fome othi r Dye, which afibrded as fine a
Colour, and at a cheaper Uate. We learn from Pliny ',
that a I'ouiid of the true Tyrian Purple was worth a thou-
fand Denarii, or upwanls of thirty-two Pounds of our
Money, which was liirely an exorbitant Price •, and there-
fore, if in fuccecding Times a Method has been found of
dying Purple at a cheaper rate, there is no Ground for
faying that we fall (hort of the Ancients, that a valuable
Colour has been loft, or that either their Knowledge or
their Induftry, at leaft in this Refpeft, was greater than
ours.

But after all, there feems to be fome Reafon to doubt
whether the laCt be true, I mean, that this Secret is loft,
fince liotli our own R jyal Society, and the Academy of
Sciences at Paris, have matlc confiderable Dilcovcrics oit
this 1 leait, that is to fay, their Members have made li. vcral
F.xjieriiiKnts on the Purple cxtrafl^d from Shell-fini ; and
if their Fxperimcnts have fuceecded but indiirereiuly, i do
not think it can be underftood as a Proof, that the Ancients
excelled us in this Particular. F.uher O'.-X'-', in his Survey
of the Jt'ejl-hdies, tells us boldly, that the Spaniards liave
retrieved there the Secret of the ancient Purple, and tlut
they dye CUiths, which are fold for twenty Crowns a Y.ird.
I mull confels this is a Fact, that I do not find confnininl
by later Writers, and therefore 1 think there is Reafon to
fufpiit the Truth of it.

Father Lal/al, a much more c.ireful and accurate W'riter,
has given us a very curious Account of the Attempts made
in the I'rcncb Illands in America to recover this kind of
Dye, which is very worthy of the Reader's Notice ; and
therefore I fliall [^ive him as clear and as fuccinift an Ac-
count of it .IS I can. They h.ive in thofe Parts a kind of
Shell lilh, about the Bignels of the Top of one's Thumb,
refeinbling in its firft Appearance the common foK of
Snails i but when examined more clofely, and after the
Filh is taken out, it appears one of the moll curious and
beautiful Shells that can be imagined '. It is, though very
thin, of a very ftrong Subftance, and of a beautiful Azure
Colour. The Flefti of the Filh is cxtreamly white, but its
Iiiteftinesof fo bright a red, that the Colour is feen through
its Body i and it is this Colour which tinges the Slime it
throws out, when taken of a Violet, or rather of a deep
Blue. In order to oblige thefe Animals to throw out a
greater Qiiantity of this Slime, they are put alive into a
Dilh, and ftruck one againft another, either with the I land,
or with a little Twig, upon which the Dilh is prefently co-
vered with this kind of Slime, in which, if a Piece of Linnen
be dipped, it is immediately tlyed red, and by degrees be-
comes, .IS it grows dry, of a deep I'urple. But Father
Labat obfervrs very cautioully, and like a Writer, vi-ry
careful of fpeaking Truth, that if this be the Purple of the
Ancients, we have not hitherto the Art of fixing it -, for
how deep foever the Colour in.iy appear when the Linnen is
dried, it loon decays, and if waftied, is Ipccdily taken
out '.

This Fifli, while admired only for its Shell, w;is called
fimply k Biirgau ; but fince this Difcovery it is called le
Bureau de liinture. Our Author himfelf made fcvii.il
Experiments toward arriving at a finex Colour from a Plant
in the fame Country, and not without Succefs, which I
think plainly proves that he had no great Hopes of obi.iin-
ing any fixed and perfed Colour from the Shells. On the
whole therefore, 1 think it as plain ;is any tiling can -..jII
be made, that the I'urple of the Aiiciir.ts t;ave w.-.y to
finie brighter and che.iper Colour 1 and it i-Vtr this Secret
llioiild be ivcovired, it would prove a Curior.ty only, and
never could be broii';ht again to a Manutadure, becaufe in

' hruht, at,

' 'iftlftiqut.

Numb

>■ t- 56. PI'i. lib. ix.
\\. (a{. 3!). "

<ap. viii,

r/i'f. Hi. ix. caf. 36. isf fiouti. yLVitii. lib. vii. cap. J4. All.ci. O'ifi. lit ii' /■ £6.
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482 7fh' Difcowry, Scttkincnr, ^/a/ Commerce

Book I.

«ll ihe FxKrimrnn that luvr Ix-cn mailc in ihi* Country,
•.ul m /rJ(•<•^ It lu» iKfn huiml, iluf 4 ^rrat Dilluiilcy
»-..ulil jnic- in |ironifinB Shrill rnoiii'Ji I" liiriulh a tii.li-
iui.t QiuiMity »)l tlii^ Colour t.ir I Mi- i vthciKT it l..lliiwi,
lli.»t Jlr r ill! thf Imi'iovrmcnt* ih.it nuiM I* nuilc for iix-
ni .im! innamntliii Dycilir DcurniU ul u WduKUmulcr
it lioin uMiiinu 4tj.un into Ulo, m htrctotorc tt drove it
uut

fair Witcr or l)cw, which h*r<lrnr,l with btina «^^
to thr Air, ami wcrcth.n lar. fully t.ikrn ,,ir,h, T.
\n one OiUrr therr ^m lomonly ten w iwchrr 1
morr, in lonif kU » hut the niorc there were ihjf!^ i"*
ami if there v/m hut one, u W4^ Krnfr4!ly ot ' '
fonrultrahl.- Si/c, and of juteatcr V..li,c ihjn mi■^l L'l

onrn li. th4t th<le Shrlli were rl»ernieil the rtllri!
■ - The iihcll itf. If i« alio of lume V^lur, Tu"

all

Biforr I juil *Nit!i ilii* SuhiiVT. I think it may not ly a prwligiou-* l.ullrc, and being .xircmcly Ht tor ln\,3
■miU to ohiorvr. that in limic L.kri in the North, ati.l in and other I'Ici. •' 6

the Will of Seel!.»tt.{, tlurc arc a kind ot MuUirs whuh PtiUjIr.ilm hai a very curiow PairaRr in nkmta
have ill them a [Hirpk- N'tin .it thr Kxtrcniity of the S.'idl, (hit Suhjii't, if hi\ Accounts (ouki Ix- .ihlulutdy ilrp^mlcj
in whu h there is contained 4 Drop or two ot a l.uiuoi ili.it iij^on ; but whether they be or Ik- not, »» wluf he r^L,,,,

naini 1 .11 nrn of a dfci) Crimlon, whu h i» nut .it all apt to 1. very miurk4ble, it ilelcrves at leall to k rtbtcd ,m

wtar out, hit ontiniici as km^; as th.; Cloth can lie worn v tlien let the Reader think of it as he pirai;.,, J^^^ jj', ^

but I .!o not know whether tliii lilh be viry tonvuon, or .11 he telN it ii tlii« ; loine of the InJian I'orl ti'Wrt

whrther till* hirple Vim Iv r.irunl to it. or the Kftci't nl have a Method of ohtainiii}; that valuable Comm^Virr

riinrirrtafc, whu him been hitiKVteil 1)1 the tiuel'urph'. without hrin^mR up the OiHetN at all. I,, onirriu,h''

5\Vcwill now priKced from this. Source oi Kiihejwhuli the IJiverM.itry ihiwn with them a certain kimUtrich

at pirfrnt u loll n anotlur tlut (liil fubfirts I nvM the IVrlunic, whiih tiny hold lieforc the Mothcr-ut >«! 1

I'tail-Kilh-rv •, lor it i» .illinuil that tin- liiull and moll and while the I'llh (inks it, which it will do very i>rrnli!v

tlicy Rriillv open the Siiell, from whence a Liquor u

Prop hy iy.ip, that prdi-ntly h.irdcn into I'tjrlj ■, {■

misfit Ix- allevlgcd, ii) Supjiort of thi^ Story, that N[|

t)innt.il IVarN arc ot loiluleraWc > aiue, aiu' .ire like to Aibnrui and I'liny feem inchned to believe ihjtl'a-|

(ontinuc l(), inalnuKh ai thiy have all the l'r'>|K-rtir» that ut at liift l.K]iiid \ which n, indeed, agreeable cnotgli

) U' nckoiiM ainoni<0 to ihrir lorni and to their I.ullre'.

At this Dav, there are lour confidrrable PiarlMifrj! n
he /■,.<//. The lirft \s on the Coall ul the IibnJ u fij.

pdt'it I't.iri'.are.andin all Aj;" h.ive Iv. n, hroui^ht lioin
the //!.//>/. It w true, they do not .it tl;i» L)iy f.tdi |!»
gh a Price in Lunpe xs tiny did lornvtly i I ut I'.ill tlu:
||nnt.il IVarN arc of loi I'lderahlc Value, aiu' .ire like t(i
intinuc l(>, inalhiuch ai thiy hav
are re()uiriti' to render tlicni lit i
|!ir mofl Ivauiilul Ji well that can be, mithu i» there any
Counterfeits tlat at all appt>,.uli thcni in th' a l.ul'.n-:

Th'>u",h Pioplo have attained in that Att to a I>:t'cr ot l.irtn, in the l\rJi.tH dulph, of whuh the pLrt^v't
I'lrftction fane to Ik exindcd. were formerly Mailers, hut now thii Kilh-rry (xIdii^im

The I'llh that prixluns the PcnrI \s a kind of OiO r, th' l\r/ians. Ihe fecond is near Cj.';/j, on the CulUl

but much larjj,. r than the lommon Sort, or inder,' than any
tliat are f.und in <iur .Sias ; ih: y are common on the Coitl
cf Pi'/.J, VMX OriHus, aUiUi Capo Ctwcr/;;, .vml on the
Coall ul the Ifland ot Cnhn '. Ihr ShJl-lifh which pro-
duce* ilicni is called th; Mother of PevI The Ancients
h* i an Oi inion th.it 'Ihiiiukr and -Storms had fiuiie I-.l-
htt in prcniucing thim 1 for which we Ihill be ah'e fj
pive a tojerablf Account, withoi.t admitting any thinp,
wondeirtl, in the Fad. The Iilhinf; ol Pearl was a
Thinj; lUays attended with j;rcat I la/.iril and IVmj^rr i
fuch as wir;- employed in it Ijeiiig olliL'.ed often to divr
in PIjc.^ tl.irty Fathom deep, where tli'y were exioltd
to mat y lavcnous Monftcrs, jieculiarly thitftinj; afttr liii-
trian F'looili 'I'licy were let down out ol the Vtllil to
whiih they Lflon[;'-d with a Wiijjjlit ot Stone, lixid
either to their Sid' or to their Feet, that they :r.ij;ht delti. iid
the quick' r and r''m,iin the mote lleatly under Water. Fn
their Ri^ihtlund they had a lliarp Iron, whu h th(y ufcd
for uniovinp t!ie Oilh-rs from tluir Beds •, and on tluir
l.cltami lu;n;4 a llalk(t, in whiih tluy put the lilli
w.hen th'y wcie (auj'.hr, and about tirb Ann alio .t Cord
was tied, hy which tlry gave Notae to thole in the Ship
when to pull ihem up by another Cord that was alwut
their Mi, Idle ", S(jine Writers, lay they, carried their
Jlafkit or Ikiy, into whuh tliey put tlien Filh, abuut their
N.iks

'1 h; !.!:;> il -Sort of Firti wrrc found far in the Sea-,
aid it thiy Were at any Time driven upon the Coall it w.is
ly timiKlluous Weathir. .And hence the Opinion arole,
that gnat '1 l.undirs and .Storms contrihuted ro I'weil and
to enircjle tlie IVarl. The Faifl tlieicfore was true,
that attir 'Icinpills the largrll PiarK were lounil : But
the O; inion pour.ded i.'i-on this that the Thunder w.is
t.he Caiile of the Pearls liureafr, fie::;, to have no F(,\in-
I'-ation in keafun. So eal'y a ThipR it is to millakr
F.trKTf. I(jr Cauf's, and to ir.trixluce Frrors in Natural
Pliil((liipliy, ly tealonin;^ wrung vixm F.ifts. When the
Divers touihed the OilUrs elpcei.illy tholi of the lar^ell

.tralhi ibe Haffy, overagainll Hitbarm. The Firli
tjkm at thcfc tilhertes arc moft cllecmeJ in th •/».,';/,
though of a ycllowilh Cart ; for they ifllrt, that t.'-.t
Pearls ol a brighter Water do not lall, but turn cl a
mudvly Yellow m the Sp.ice of alxjut thirty Years ; »Krfa
thole whuh have orij;inally a little Mixture of the Lfirr.
lolour, arc thoroughly rii>encd and never abate of t.Vr
laillre. A great Part ot the Pearls taken inihi,Fi!lirn',
arc carrieii to Ha'Jbra ; from whence they are ilirtnbutti
all over the Induj ; thofe a^ain which are franl'jxrtci . n
l\r/ia and Mujl\iiy, are fold at fl,;i7tfr«ff;'o two Pj.i
J<iurney Iroin Ormus. They lifli twice a Year ; tirti 1
the Months ot Xtarcb and /f/r/V, and ap,ai:i a t'a
Month; ot Augujl and Stpitmbtr. 'Ihe IX-pih *htrt
tluy lifh is from lour to twelve I'athonis •, and the ewftf
the Oilier is found, the Pearl:' are the brighter, Iwxl:
i!ie W.iter is nut tu hot there, the Sun not being ibit w
|itu tratr lo deep.

The third Filliery is on the Cnall of the Iiland ofCr.i,
at a I'l.uc whuh is called AUnur. The I'u.il.uiJ
there are of a {^om! Water, but fniall ; and the rpd
do not lurpafs two Carats ; nay, it is leldom that ihcy irt
found of that Weight : But, in Hecompcncc ot i.''.i!,
tlrte is great Quantity of Secil-ptail lit to po*Jr,
T"he fourth and lall Filhing i>, at Jtif.in ; the ?niU thtr:
are of a Water white enough, and heavy, but ill ihjpe.!.
molhif which fall into the I lands of the A>«/fA £:.'• /i-J
Company i becaulc the jfjponrfe thcnifelves hav: no
I'lbem lor Jewels of any Kind '. The j)Oor People ("•
ployed in thel'e Fiiheries live very meanly, ami kaiLfgtu
Sulfitlance by them 1 even thole who deal in IVarKai-'U
cnoD'^h from being rich, through the Opprcirionot th.t
Primes on one .Side, anil the Art of the l)u:ib on the other.
who finding that the bright I'earl taken on the iLuUt
C/y!o», arc moll cllcemeil, ami go oil' at the gaattil Ka"
in huropr, employ a Hrathman to buy them up oi i •1'
arc caught, which he does at a very low Kate. The ui-
Ions concerncil in this Trade, launching out mt' g^''"'''

lie Koik, that, Vi:ry I'.xpences than they can allord, .ind ilurehy luNc'l-i
oft'-n, there wis no removing them, even with the I lelp themfelves to the dreadful N'eecUlty of [.irting wishj^''.:
lit their iron Inlli
when

jirdrtaoiM>

Si/.c, they durg |ij llrongly to ihi
e WIS no removing them,

m Iniliumer.r. In ih. (Jill, rs th. y brought uji, Fr.jits of their Indullry to luch as
■iii, the Pearls a;i|ie4rcd like little Diops i^l ney *.

• Thl^ i\ ilic S ntlmrr! of M. Paumiir, v,].o nw'r nvvy I'.p. ilnitnt* on tlie i'urjilc fifli on the Coaft of Prtvimi. ' I'ki^k <I'i '•'". ''" ' '
j^;. " /,/.d» d' .f. •>.../. /:/,. f ,.,-, ,1 l.,i X. .4f 1 .Um.ji. .v.,..//. /,A XXVIII, .u;. i :. •/>,'.•« Sui. Itiji- '>!> "■ '«'•'•

"/•/.,/,■? ,»/./ .'t.Hj, han.lit. in .,,f j;. > ./,.•„ l)„fn l,i lii * ot. />/(«, U.'u.. <a» \i. "/.iv/MfVr /Vi" '"' ''*'

7.«. iv i.h. a .uji.ii, n

Till

I'^Mr:

Chap. IF.

of the East I n n r f

4»3

• I till ti-mpti ftimc III ilii-m to a very lufi- I'raiJ^iir,
whufi i'«''f"*'"K •» lM)il"""'i^ IViiKinto the S<4, ivar
Ihc Hiiiki whrrr tlir Ix-ll \\\\\ \\v \ u|ion wliiili they
ininifilutcly removr to amitliir LuilJ, where liivh a>
ari' 111 ihr Serrct ti(h Jor thcin, atnl become rich U-fore
ihiir KiiU'Kry i' fminil out*. Ihr re are now Jiver*l
I'rjil lilhrriM rlKifilitlied in the /f(r//- /«<//// aiul in other
I'lrts (jl the Wot III, ai wc rtwll Ihrw in tli'ir |iro|Hr
Hlan V Ik". •» '1'"^ ^ ■'''"■ "* ''"'''^ F^arU arile Irom their
jitiriuJiini', in thrir G.inur anil VV'atir to the Oru.nt.il
H,4rl, thii liiffiiK-nily lliews that us Kxicllcncc •ttributiil
M ihi'niliy amirnt Writeri, ii f>ot at lill preiuilicid by the
DiliDViTu-i nuitc in later Times, to wlntJi the l*oli< y ot
the /'/,/../• I'rinre^ rontribiifrH nof » little \ (ui by f ir-
(halinp tl,c tain \\ IVark at hii^h Raf >, they keep u'j^
ihnr True to tir- h.uroptan. ti) that tinK' ("^vit came
fmh NiimlH-rs into thin I'art ol th' World as to (i/.fc them
miuli in tluir Value v hence it \\ wi.aitvt r becomes oJ the
IVirh ot other Countrici, llioCe ot" the l-jjft llill kefp up
tlmr C'rrdit, and a IV«rl of the Wcii^lit ol tour Carrati,
ii tturtfi ten <'r twelve Pounds, and ot a larycr Si/c and
well IIuimI much mure •.

b, A'' the I'rarl-lini and the Peari-oiner were dcfervediy
admirril for ti;i-ir Valiit; and l';u •, to the //»./»(»«•. Seaj
jtlorilcil oihcr I'lllt tliat W(ie held cxtrcnicly rcniail.ihk-
fur ihcir extraordinary I'roprrtirs. Anion^ll thele the My-
ipj; lilh were thoui^lit none ol the Kail extraordinary.
Til' Hyiiifv lill' '''•«' •"■'•■ <'>"iiii<") in tiie H fjl hiJits,
aroiifilu- Si/e of a JhrrinK,, witii a round Iliad, and a
Sort ot brpc Jins, which ttrve tlu'iii lor Wihb;s, and
with whidi they My alxnit th'- I leij^ht ot a I'ikc troin
ihi' .S<a, and .lie then lorctil to ilrop ap.ain into that
Elimciit, Incaule tluir Wings iKromc tlry •* \ hut tlule
noway rcl'imhlc the Klyin^-tilh in tlu" Eoft-Indies, or at
ImK ihiili- nuntiontd by the Antiiiits •, lor thi y tame out
ct t!'.c .S<'a, or out f>t Rivcrn, at ( trtain Siafoni, and
kjjKil a'oiit in the Meadows liki' (iral's-hoppcrs '. 'i'hp
Story is ltiaii(;e, ami wc have it told in very tiitcint'l and
pfpcral Terms by /tlhnxus, who is the only Author
who reprti it '. Hut Marco Polo, one ot our moll anci-
ent Travellers, mentions t()mctliing of the like Nature,
ind l!iyi, that trom its living in this Manner, tlic L'rca-
Jure 1^ cillcJ the Sea-locujl '.

Mariiniiis, who has written as copioudy, and with as
griat Kfi.iitation of the F.mpirc ot China, as any Author
whitivtr, roiitirms this I and informs us, that ihc Chmeft

I tall it //«(»«_?r;«j« J but he is very tlmrt in his DetLrip-

Ition; tor he tells us only that it is a yellow Fifh, or,
raihir a Bird \ for in the .Sunmier, fays he, it flies on the
Mountains, but towards the End ot /Vaitumn, it throws
itliil into the Sia, and becomes a h\i\\ ot a mod cxquifite
Tallf'. He ttlls us, likcwile, ot another Creature that
he law, that had the Head ot a Bird and the Tail ot a
^|lh, which it was rejxjrttd had fonic very fingular

I Qualities '.

It apixars from thefe Citations, that we ought not,

[abliilutiiy, to rcjei't the ftrangc 'I'hini^s told us by

hnmnt Authors, without Kxammation i becaule, though
the F.i(fts they relate cannot be veritied, yet, as in this
inllancc, it may be plainly made appear, that they are
HI luirc Inventions i anil, tlieretore, it is better to pre -
f.rv;- fvcn what teems incredible in their Writings, in
trjir tf) enrourage Enquiries that may, in Time, bring
t',)t the Truth. It may not be amifs to obfervc, that, in
/•■/(J/.', ih(y have lik< wile a Flying-lilh of alxnit a Foot
?, whirh, in their 1 J\nguagc, is called lulmvo; and

|i^ UkI to be very liarie, but excellent l-lating '.

It were ttt be wilhed, that fuch as trani in thcfc

[t'lniiiis, would be more careful in examining the Ani-
- tlicy nieet with upon the Spot, and in committing

I'' •; Dckriptions to Writing immediately •, becaule, wc
'■!•' iKJt then Ik' I(> much at a I.ofs as we now are, wliat

l'"'n,iki- ol tluir iKkription;..

7. The Tortoile, thrnii'.h if cannot be Lid to k a Crca-
lure |)rciiliar to the Inditi, yet the Indian Tortoifcs arc
to much larger than any other«, that, in this relpea, they
ileltrve tu l)e partirularly lonfulercd. Ot thefe Cnaturci
th. re are three c' ,i|i rent Surn. The firll live entirely orj
l.jnd I the feto d in tlic .Siai and the third in trcfh
Watiri. The ! igure of this Creature is very extraordi-
nary. It h.is a I Srad 16 very fmall that it teems to l)ear no
J'roi«)ifion to II Bo«ly. They have not cither Teeth or
I'ongue, and yet thcl'ortnile not only breakj tu I'lrccs the
lurdcll Slulli, but even .Stonis with its I.ips t which, by
their rxcelTive I lardiicfi, Very etlLilually lupply the teeming
Want of Teeth. The leet of this Animal arc very
Oiort, and its Motion rem.irkably tlow. It has, on iti
Back, a laimp ot Iletli, which communicates with iti
Sli'll, l)y whiih it n entirely covered, and it even extends
beyond Its lk)dy, when the Ammai withdraws itielf into
it, and thereby pri>ves a llire LXI'ence againtl all Dangers
frntti without ; .mil arc I'd ftrong that a Waggon well
laden, may (lufs t)vcr them as over a Stone, without any
Injury either to the MkII, or the Creature within it.
They are live or fix I'lXJt long, which is a iiionffrous
ism, . mfidiriiig the Bulk of thell Creatures in other
Countries \ and yet tome ancient Writers Ipeak of Tor-
toiles in the India of a imiLh larger .Si/e, the .Shells of
whii h are laid to be big enough to cover a fmall Cabin j
and it is laid, that in the Mand of Taprobitnu they mailc
nil- of no other Covering tor their Houfcs '.

There wi re various Methods praftilij in t.aking ihrfc
Cre.itures \ lor tbmetimes they gorgid tluinfelves to liicli
a IXgrec in the Meadows, that they were not able to
ictiie J and then, whoever found thtm, turned tlniii on
their Backs. Sometimes the .SiM-tortoifes were, in like
manner, left on Shore .it the 'J'lmc of Ebb i .iiid l.^nip*
times they placed round Sticks in their Uoad to the Mea-
dows \ and as loon as tiiey Ii t their for^' feet upon them,
thole who watilied for that I'urpole, laid hold of one End of
the Stiik, lilting it fuildenly up, turned tlic Creature over.
Tluir Melh is l)oth wholefonie and pleafint, and their
Eggs, which in Size relemble tholb of a lien, arc
excellent ".

VLny rcixjrts, that their FleHi, their niood, and even
their T'xcrenunts, are very medicinal. Among other Re-
ceipts from this Creature, he gives us tli.it which follows.
'I'ake, fays he, three I jnd-tortoiles, he means thofe of
the fmailcr Kind, throw them on a Eire made of Vine-
twigs I and as toon as their Shells begin to part from each
other, pull them out immediately •, and having taken tlieir
Shells otr, boil them in a Gallon of Water, with a fmall
Quantity of Salt, till a third I'art of the L iquor be con-
fumed i the Broth will be then, fays he, a fovereign Me-
dicine for fuch as are troubled with the Pally, tiic (Jout, or
Rheumatifin ".

But that, for which this Creature is chiefly valued, is, his
Shell, of which, over all the Indies, but |)articularly in
China, they make a Multitude of ufeful Things, as well as
many beautiful Toys. Thcfc were Arts far from being
unknown to the Ancients j for, as we learn from Pliny,
Ciirbilius Pollio, a Man of a wonderful Invention, wai
the tirll who introduced the Ule of Tortoife-fhell-plate?
tor In-laying all Sorts of Ilouflioki Eurniturc. It is
re|)ortcd, that the Pcrtu^uefe fettled in the E.iJ}- Indies,
place .Se.a-tortoiles near the Eire till their Shells begin to
rile ; and then t.iking them off in an Inllant with a far
Knife, they afterwards throw the Creature back into tlu'
Sea, where, they artirm, that, in a fingle Year, tlv-y
gather a new Shell, as firm and as beautiful as the
tormer •.

Belides the Ufes that have been already mentioned, there
is another to which thole Tortoifes arc applied, the Flelh
of which is not lit for eating, and tiiat is boiling it into.
Oil, which Oil not only ferves for L^mps, but alio for
many phyfical Ufes -, and more efpecially for reftoring

I ' '''•■lyi ,lr /, Elu',, p t-7 * r>,tiit J.- VM-ve'-.i,Ti!>r i\i lii.u.d'p > I. ' T.ivrrmr, u!,! fiip. yi,/,- tli.im Hi/I. Xi>l. J.i M(i ./• ., i-

It '■ ■l.ilua. n. h'i. (,V, ./, I,-I„ I l,'t:r a nam, l.k. Vi. •■ }i,: dn AnlU-t,, p. \%\ ' Th,opl„:,:l . r.puj .Uh.n^um, lih. viii. ,«■

I;--; I'^at^t, .4,at., dmnnpurr !•'■> R,;r,d/; P. 1?. ' Dtipi- %'"/'■ ?■ 33!- ' ''*• '"• '■•'/■ "<• ^ ;'";',' *'":/' '"'

r ■", .v.. ,... "^ k //„/ a:,7.,L: hm.ii p. 5S2. ' I'.i,!. .\.it. H,,! . I,!', vi. ^op. It. <" Strata, /lb. xvi. f. " ^

I •*'' «, "i xvi „■, 14 I:' I- />/•„, :,6 JK .«/>. 10, 11. »//;/. .V.7/, .ii.xxxii. .-.i;. 4. • Ir'tiyaiis aux hJti pjr p.

I waaei

't^l

i-itefi

484 ^^^^ Di^co^•e^y, Settlement, and Commerce

'ir ■•, f H! -'If

«!?.., I'

1'^ i 'I i

.?V

">iii X-Li

walled Limbs, or futh as have had their Sinews (hrunk.
The Tortoife is exceedingly annoyed by the Sea h'-igif,
which uking the fmaller fort in his Talons, carries
them a great way up into the Air, and then letting them
lall on a Rock, breaks the Shells, anil fo feeds mxin
their Fledi, which, but for this Contrivance, would be
fccurc from his Fury ».

8. The Crocoiiilc is another amphibious Creature com-
mon to Africa and the Indies \ but the Indian Crocodiles
arc by far tlic lorgeft, »d thofc that frequent the M.-Oies
near the River Ganga arc believed to be the biggcft ir. , ;-
World. .kifitlU has given us a very large Defcription ot
this Animal, which is withal very accurate and jull : He
intorms us, that the Female Crocodile lays fixty Fggs or
upwards at a time, each of the Size of a Goofe's Fgg, and
the Animal, when hatched, is of the lame Proportion \ but
as it grows as long as it lives, it reaches in fome Countries
a larger, and in others a lefs Size ; Ariftttlt mentions Jif-
tecn Cubits, which is two-and-twcnty Feet and a half, as
' the largeft Size he had heard of i but in the India there
are Crocodiles of twice that Bigncis, ior which wc Ihall
hereafter alTign a probable Reafbn V

The Crocodile is of the L.izard kind, and therefore we
nred r.ot enter into a prtiailar Defcription of it i it has
no Tongue, and moves only the upper Jaw. Its Teeth,
which are very ftrong and fharp, fhut into each other like
the Teeth of two Combs. It is alfo armed with terrible
Claws i and his Back and Legs arc covered witii Scales fo
ftrong, that they are not to be pierced. He paflTes the
Day moftly on -Shore, and retires in the Night moftly into
the Water, wh-.ri.- having gorged himfelf with Filh, he
comes on Shore when the Sun ts up, and llecps ujxin the
Sand. rUny fays, that for four Months in tlic Winter the
Crocoiiilc retires to fome Cave or IVn, where it llecps tor
th.U Tunc, without rt-civing any Suftcnancc '.

As this Creature is only bred in hot Countries, fo it
fccms incap.ible of living in colder Climates. TlK-rc was
one brought into France in 1681, and being landed at Ro-
tld'.e was brought fr<im thence by Land to yerfailUs ; but
they were frequently obliged to lay it befi>ri- the Fire, for
Othcrwife it would not have fur%'ivi'il the Journey. It
would cat nothing ?ttir it left the Ship, and died when it
had been kept about a Month at yerfai.'h-s. When they
t'ilTeded it, thiy found in its Stomach aconfulerablc Quan-
tity of Sand, and lumc Snails with their Shells whole. It
appear", from I; nee, that the Accounts ol this Creature that
arc given us by the Ancients are juflified by F.xi)erience •.

Thus t.ir ot Crocodiles in general, we will now fj)eak
particularly of thofe in the Intiies, and compare the Ac-
counts given us of them by the Writers of Antiquity, with
the Relations of Inch modern Travellers as are thought to
delavc moll Credit. Siraio informs u^, th.it when Alex-
andtr found the River llydafpci mucii intelled with Cro-
coililts, and EgyNiait Beans growing on its Banks, hematle
no foit of Queftion that he had tound the Head ot the
Nile in the Indies -, nay, to fuch a Degree w.is he jx-r-
fuadcd of the Truth of this Dileovcry, that heai'^'ally
direc'ied a I'lcet to be prepared in order to h.ivc failed that
way into L'^;i, from whence it lecni'. highly probable,
that Ixujie .!!cxaiidir\ l-jcpcdition the Ancients did not
know that there were Croc<xlilcs in tlie Indiei '.

It is from S-.raba likcwifc that we learn that thefc ravrn-
ovis Creatures have an AverP.on to Swine's Flefli, whi. Ii,
however, is a rolnt that delerves to Ik- enquired into '.
Pl'i.'-Hr.nui, in ihi' l.'xfc oi Jfcllomus 'fytweur, enters into
an (xprcis Coniparifon Ixtwccn the Rivi rs Indui and A'i///>,
wliu !i, he ol)fir\'es, huve- a great Rekniblance, tfjRiially in
thde two I'artirulais, tl.eir overftowmj; annu.illy, and their
being full f;f Crwuiilesi but in this .is in riuny other
things, that Writer is plainly milUktn, lor the River A'/.'wj
is not the only Kiver in Afru,:, in wliuh Crocodiles are
bred, nor a.e tlidc Creatures i>eculiar to the Indus, but
inftfl generally moll of the large Rivers in the Indiei, and

Mr\"'^/ ,?.'• '''/'^'" ''*'"• '' '*"> -/t HI .1-,mai A*. V. M«. ?V Ii.»J,l. I.b.». Ctf/h'. N"

ftovf J at /. .., .r. h.s ia,kil„p a R,»tr M.„f,, .nd fou, Ooc.xiilc. fwunming ,n » I'ool or I.ikr nude tor tlul rur,»j|c. ' '''"''."''IL

wn, P,n>sc th.t ihcy p.U th- ft.m i„ .7./, ^, Auufi, .,«1 ,)„: ,hu w.,-, ihr Winter St.fon m ih ,k Loumnt--, uhu' h<lr "' '■'■'»"'. "T.
II Uic Mu.,( !c ; (.,r. .» , ..rU.r.K 10 />/,.,> uouM, U.c . t(;t.,d,;c, «t,c il,r„ I4II *nct|. in ihtir Den. ' ''»)'{'< -« /...V /" f ^■'•' I ■

■ Bookl.

particularly the Ganges, where are the Urgrft Cry ti
jierhaps in the World i and it is obferved by Si aZ
that it paired for a kind of Miracle among the ImiJ-K''
at the Seafon of the Year when the Eracbmaits tuff'', "r'
River to go to their Wivcj, they were never LJn
thefc terrible Animals. . "''^'^ ^i

If wc could confide in what the Mimonaries hav-toM
us of this Subjtft, we might add fome curious hnn i
to the naturai I liftory of Croro«iiles. l<at|,t, /.>fli,,^ , ,
a.Terts pofifively, that this Creature voids no hxa'tm''
nor has any I'afrage for it, which I doubt is not .iTttlhl.'
to Truth. It is likewife affirmed IxJth by him and 1 j,i
N:ivarelU, that the Female Crocodile delboys htr Voun"
fwallowing them as they run from the Sands, wlnret.U
ar.' hatched, into the Water, which Ls another wontliiin|
Circumllancc that never occurred to the Ancients, or tc
any thing I know to any other of the Moilcrns.' y\sto
what lioth thcfe revcreml Writers relate of Mii|];.b,ms .
being found in this Animal, it is lingular, hut lu^t at all
improbable, bccaufc aliiioll all Writers agree, thai thf
Fltfh of the Crocodile has a very raufky J'antianJiiiiic
If^eJ}- Indies the Mouths of tjie Kivcrs where th; Ic C'rcaturrj
haunt have their Wat-rs fo llrongly tinclured vmji ihib\. • j
and Tartc, that tluy are not dnni<ablc.

Cifper BiUbi, whofe Travels tl, tough the M-,- 5;; rj.
treamly curious in his Defcription ot the City of /',-:
which he vifitcd in \--jG, has the tollowing txtraordittv'
I'alTagc': •' The Inhabitants ot this City lead, tur die hm:
" part, a lazy and ic.imialous I afe, they are very ilumii
" in their Moults, in which, generally li<a!<ing, liitykap
" 1 logs. They drink the Water in their Ditches rithtr i:om
" Supertlition or Culloni, ilian tiom any other Kwiur,
♦• which is the more wondcrtui, lince the CrocuJiiis la
" thofe Ditches arc not only numerous butofaiuxirjiv-
" diuary Size, infomuch that many ot thcni cjcctd tiuiy
" Feet in l.cngth, and yet the I'eople, who ke iOTcoj
" other devoured by them every Day are to llupij is »
" reverence them as they do the Apes ; and this trjm s
" firm, as well as fiiolith IVrfualion, that the Souh ol itcii
«' as are devoured by the CroccKliles find the dircii Ruj iti
" Heaven. The Subtilty ot thcfe Creatures is very ccw-
♦« dinary. When the I'eople conic with their I'liilimu
" take up Water, they conceal thcmrtlvesuniliniicgiia
•• Weed, or under the Reeds, which grow on th;i;i'i;
" the Ditch, and laying hold of the Ferlbn by tlicHai!,
" or by the F'oot, pull them to hini. Men and V.oir,ai
" have lieen teen in tliis manner with their fleiJs d
'« Hands above W'atcr, roaiiiig out tor Help, t:! ikk
•' time as they were dragged to the Mole whcrctlitCrie
" codile lay, and who was diftine'tly heard todtvourtiitm.
" Rcmnnltranccs having Ix-cn once m.ide to thcKi.'igoiitras
'* Subjeft, he onlered the largell Crocodile, a:d %\A
" was known to have done molt MilUuct, tjbdakfSMd
«* killed. This Crcuurc was of an enormous SiZf.riJ a
" a moll terrible ApjH-arance. Alter his Dciilitiifrcwflt
" not lb many People killed as before -, and it Items m
" a little wonderful, that they did not purine ihe bair-
" pation of theic Animals for the Prell rvation ol tiicli>
«' h.ibitants. It is obferved here, that tli()Ui,h the tJfflitft.
" which is a very hot Creature, not only linnks I'-i 01
" thofe Ditches, but frequently g(x;s into than to ct<j. a;.J
" refrelh himfelf ; yet the Croi otliles never vrei ..re to
" attack him, which is luppoied to Ix' owing 10 ihrBf-
" nels of the Creature ; for it is (.blervtd, that :lif Crui«f
" dile is as cowardly as it is cruel."

I'eter Vanden Brock ulLs us, that on the CoiftuI Ul^
mand<l the Crocodiles are very common in all iht Uc-U
inlbmuch tiiat the I'cojilc are afraid to |als ilitm, or ifi s-''
by Water j and thLs with great Kealon, lince while lie »''
tliere there were fcveral, Ixjth Men ami Women, liwJ'JJ
by them '. In the Illand ot Javn, wlit'i the &'« i"i'
vilited it, the Rivets were full of Lrocodiles, and lco[i«
were often devoured by them ; yet the Ckintji,

, WilOili:'

.f.7-'

I the ill »

I,'

i I"'-'". 1

vi-; V*

■ KH': il<

?«»■■, ' • , '
iff'' ^f -

'^Jji-'nh

.S '.y/u < >//tt// ,:■ ( ,i.>iHtr,tJ..8in/ ,■/,, rmy ,',>u^ii/,ir Ain,i/ri,n,{ in ,/iiM,ifm,^'.6.ni,^,i ■'"

it/>\' •.•H>'('"-''

• ■/ ~'n/n.i rri'/'i .1' )-'tUM/in,^ f.iA.n livm ///,- lUf

Chap.

II.

of the East I n d i e s^

4§^

in that Iflancl, had the Secret of taming them, fatted, and
aftfrwards killed and cat them i which will appear the lefs
(Irangf, when we are told, that Arlfiotle relates the fame
Thing as done in his Time in Egypt '. In the Ifland of
Cjlon ^ they are much infefted with Crocodiles, which the
Poriu^iteze call Lagartos^ they arc generally about eighteen
Feet long, and the Inhabitants of that Country report, that
they have a Stone in their Head, which is a Spccifick for
all gravelly Complaints, and is even capable of diffolving
(he Stone.

The Arahians call this Creature Tmfa, the Perfmns
}lii(nk, the Turh Lowi, and the Cbine/e Tcbtn \ they
all agree, that they are as long-lived as a Man ; and this
fecms to account for their monltrous Size, fincc I do not
find, that what the Ancients relate of their growing as long
as thfy live is difputed by the Moderns i and that in India
they Ihoiiki be larger than in any other Country, may be
accounted for from two Caufes, the firft is, the Heat of
the Climate, which is allowed to have a great Kfteft on
fuch kind of Animals j the fecond is, the prcpofterous
Reverence Ihewn to thefe deftruftive Creatures in many
Places, by which they arc prefervcd to a greater Age, and
confequently arrive at a larger Size than in other Countries,
where the People have Wildom and Refolution enough to
lid themfelvcs of thefe Monfters.

9. The Gangts, and as fomc antient Writers report, the
River Indus alio nouriflies in it a Worm or rather Serpent,
of a moft fingiilar kind, confidering either its Form or its
Properties \ its Skin is of a dark blue, from whence it re-
ctives its Name Cyonoiides •, it is in Length fix Cubits : Pliny
by fome Error fare in the tranfcribing, has fixty Cubits, and
is about two Foot round ; it has but one Tooth in each
Jaw, which is about four Inches long, with which laying
hold of whatever Animal comes to drink at the River,
whether Horfe, Cow, Camel or Elephant, it pulls them
under Water, anc: there tears to pieces and devours them,
the Eiurails only excepted.

This dreadful Creature is caught with a Hook hid under
the Belly of a Sheep or Goat, and the Ufe made of it
when dead, is to the full as Angular as what is related of
it while living. I'he Filhermen after it is caught hang it
up by the Tail in the open Air, where, by the Heat of the
Sun, in the Space of three Weeks it confumes into a kind
of Oyl, which has this frngular Quality, that it takes Fire
of itfchT if expofed to the Air, and is abfolutely unextin-
guifluble. It was for this Rcafon, that the Emperors of
Perfia who were Mailers of the Provinces bordering upon
the River ln(ks, and the Indian Princes, Succeflbrs to
Stndraccttus, who were in PofTelTion of the ftrne Provinces
after the SuccelTors of Alexander quitted their Claim to
them, rcltrv'd all this Oil for their own Ufe, and employ'd
it in Time of War to fct the Gates of any City on Fire,
which they intended to take by Storm*.

This Serpent appears to have been at lead as ftrong, and
at the fame time much more fierce, than the Crocodile 1
which, as we have heard, never ventur'd to attack the
Elephant. The original Writer of this ftrange Story, was
Ctijias', who was told it at the Ptrfian Court, where per-
haps they had foine fuch Oil brought from the Indies with
this Fable tack'd to it, to make it efteem'd more valuable ;
which from numerous Inftances we have ftiewn, wis a com-
mon Artifice of thefe People to fright other Nations from
making any Expeditions into their Country. The Reader
may perhaps be furpriz'd at my fuppofing it pofTible, that
there (hould beany fuch Oil •, and therefore I think myfelf
otihgcc! to mention my Reafon for it : Our Chymifts have a Se-
cret of Making a black Powder which is called Pubis Infer-
>iilis, that will take Fire by being expos'd to the open Air;
and thcrttorc, 1 fee notiiing abfurd in admitting, that
there might be <m Oily Compofition which had the ftme
Quality, It is aUb certain, that the Gred-s had a kind of
^Vjkl-tire of the lame Nature, which they employ'd in
wning the Ships of the Saracens when they block'd up
*''PonoiConJiantin9ple.

It is certain, that none of our modern Travellers men-
tion any Thing, that has the leaft Relation to this extraor-
dinary Creature i but in all Probability, the Accounts given
us by thefe ancient Writers, took Rife from fomc of thofc
Water-Serpents that are common in the Mouths of moft
Rivers in the Indies, of which we have ijxjkcn before
under the Head of Dragons, and of thefe great Numbers
are brought down into the Sea on the Coaff- of Cbina, as
they are alfo by the Rivers that run thro' the Terra Aujira-
lis, or the Southern-Continent, as we obferv'd before iri
the Account given of Captain Al/elTafman^i Voyage for the
Difcovery of that Country ; and if there be any Probabi-
lity in the Arguments drawn by Philoftra:us, of theLikc-
nefs of Ethiopia to the Indies, from the Rtlemblance be-
tween the Nile and the Indus, we might from hence infer^
that there is a like Corrcfpondence between the Climates
of the Southern-Continent and the Indies.

The fame Philojlratus ', differs from other Writers as to
this Serpent in kvcral Circiimllances; tirlt, he fays, it is
found in the River Hyphafes, next, he afnrms it to be
white J and laflly, he liiys nothing of its Teeth or of its
Fiercenefs. St. rlmbrofe* mentions another very fingular
Worm in the Ganges, which he fays looks at firft like a
long Pipe, with the Horns of the Animal appearing at
one End 5 then it changes to a Sort of Worm, roll.s itlelf
up foon after in a IJall or Cafe, like that of t!ic Silk-Worm,
and when it comes out from thence, puti on the Appear-
ance of a Butterfly. He adds, that from the Ball they
draw a kind of Silk, of which are made the fincft Stuffs in
the Country ; but, this too, if any fuch Creature there be^
is not known to the Moderns, which is the more extraor-
dinary, becaufe it is generally believed that we are much
better acquainted with the Manufaftures of the Indies^
than the Ancients •, fo that upon the whole, I am apt to
fufpedt, that this is no more than a miftaken or erroneous
Account of the Silk- Worm.

It cannot, however, be amifs, to preferve all thefe Re-
lations, becaufe however improbable or even incredible,
they may appear, yet it is not impofTible, that there may
be Ibmething of Truth at the bottom, even of the molt
extravagant Relations. This at leaft is certain, that for
many Ages the Indians concealed not only the Sources of
their Riches, but the Seaet of their M.anufaftures, and
cfpecially that of Silk, as we fhall have Occafion to Ihew at
large •, and it is no lefs certain, that in order to conceal
them, they invented a Multitude of Fables, with which
for a long Time they impofai upon the World. One
would fufpeft that fomething of this Spirit remains Hill
among the Chim-fe, from the improbable Accounts that
are given us by the MilTionaries, of that Country, and
every thing in it ; but more of this in its proper Place ; at
prefent, we have done with the Animals that inhabit the
Water, and are next to examine the Volatilcs of the
Indies.

lo. The Eagle is generally confidered by all Naturalifts,
as the King t>f Birds, which Title is fuppoied to have been
beftowcd on this Creature for its fiiperior Strength ; for the
natnral Terror that it ftrikes into the whole feather'd Race,
and for the Bold nefs of its Flight in wliich it foars higher
than any Bird whatever*. It was very pofTibly, the Confi-
deration of thefe Properties, that induced C. Marius when a
lecond Time Conlul, in the Year after the Building of
Rume 650, and the Year before C/t//? 103, to fupprefs the
Figures of the Wolf, the Minotaur, the Horfe, and tha
wild Boar, which hitherto (as well as the Eagle) had been
borne on the Roman Enfigns, in Order to fubftitute the
Figure of the Eagle, with her Wings half difplay'd in their
Stead, as an Emblem more fignificant than any, or than
all the former, and more capable of exciting the Ardour,
Courage, and Emulation of the Soldiers, than any that
could be devifed ; and this Alteration of his was fufficiently
juftified by the Event '.

Pliny diftinguilhcs fix kind of Eagles, among which
however, he allows only one to be the true Royal Eagle,

'J>iHiJ}.^^„aliih.\K.il.t». I

'*/'«'« be olifctv

CiiArtr ««/</«/« Defcription of the Ifland of r»>/o», f*fl/- $. * jElian Lih.w. c'ap.i. Mt"

' h yH.AptUon. Lib. 3. tap. 1. « Hixamtrm Lii.V. cap 2}. ■■ Aiipt. ill Wji. Animal, lib IX. Pbni,

Animal lik ii Htral Hi. iv. OJ. J. Salal Cm. Muhkg. Mi. i. f. 85. ' Pli". Hijl. ^al.^ hb.x.cap.^^.

_- _ v„„s.vM that ftldom or ncvfr, .myCorpi o( RmanTtoom cncampftl with fewer than two li»gl«». mxAnftmmt had longoeioi*
ini> borne inUagle on his Bwkltr, a» we «rt informed bjr Pan/aiiiiu, //*.iv. ^, J19.

Numb, 33, < H •f

III

1, •i/'Ti*

> , I

! \

if 1.1

f'ra I ' ■

1 ,1*4

^'1

\.,.

• 'i

ill-'.
'SIi Till:

486

T/jc Dirco\cry, Settlement, a;jJ Commerce

Book I.

fprak. It is a very dilHailt Tiling Faglf, tliat tlicy tremble at his Cry ; and even the D
' tliis Biril, Ixcaiill- the Rccon-U ot is laid to retire for Shelter to his Den. 'rhc jjoj 1"°?
rience ot later Arcs lio not very hovers over that l-.ifiiitnt, or ovir the Lakes, and,].

of which wf are now to
to alTipn the trueSirr ot

well acrce. The Anticnts reixirt, that tlic I'^irIc is very with proiiigious horcc w.to tlic Water, Ici7.e the Fift '

lonc-lived, foas to natha fullCemuiy, anil to grow as long their faioiis, carry them on Shore and dcvuur them '!'

as he lives, which if certain, miyht imliicc us to IxOieve lor this Realon that the /W/d/ij prolircutc them wiiha'cJ!'

what /tihfiufus tells us, that at tlie inauguration of rtoleniy ami never ceaiin(; War, and arc laid to dcllroy thin,

Phikdtlfbus, there were F.agles tarrieii in the I'roienion, burning Arrows.

the Wings of which when extendeil, mcalureel thirty 1 cet ».

A nuKlcrn Naturahll alliires u-. ', that not far tiom Drffden

in Sason\, an Hagle's Nell was dileovircd, in which tlure

were three young Birds full lledged, but not quite able to

fly, tho' their \N ings exi^micd reached lii-vcn Yards. But

in the Mnnoirs of the Koyal Academy at Paris ", there is

a lart'c Account of a ShelupledilUi'tcd there, which falls

vcrylar fhoit ofwh.it is nui tioned in the former Rela-

w;;h

One of the moll fingularQu.ilitiisof thisBirdis tVC
|\ieity he h.is of Iwholding without Inconvniitnce thcS
in his Meridian Luflre ; and of this I'rojx'ity he is fo
ious, as to dcllroy (it the Anei.mts lay Truth) luch ofi!'
IVogeny as wink, when in their Nells the o|,| q^^ ;'
tlicir 1 le.ids towards the Sun '. But with rclWt tu tC
young ones that arc able to U'ar this Trial, the la,]
cherilh tliem with as much reiuleriiels as anyot'.'icr&r"

tioiis ; for this Bird mealured but two l-'oot nine Inches an.l ilelend them with t!ie moll ribdinatt- Relulution in caii

from the Beak to the Tail ; tlic l-'xtent of her Wings w.is any Att- nipt Ix- made to take them. Tiny fly round th-i

but feven Feet, and (he whole Weight of the Bird no more Nell, and vary their Fhghts lor the Innrndion of thtj,

than ten Pounds. In all I'rolubility this was a very Imall Young ; and afterwanis taking them on their Backs, thtt

Eagle, and pi haps not of any of thole Sorts meniioned foar with them aloft in order to try their Strength, ftiakJ

"" -heir Accounts, them oft" into the Air i and if they [Krccivithmi'toowtA
to fullain themlelves, they with liirpri/.ina; Dexterity i!y

under them again, and receive them on their W

ingsto

piivii.i mill rail. 1 iic r..igic is lupjKllcil to bethcoiiji
fort of Bird indued with this kind of Inllind, and this I'enK
to explain one of the boldcft and moil bcautitul Similes ia
the Sacred Writings *.

The young Eagle, pcrfi-aed by fucli Inllnii'lions, wings
his Flight into the fujienor Regions of the Air, and not-

by the Antients, who agree very well in tl

and particularly in this, that the I/iMan Eagles excelled the

reft in Courage and Strength, and confequeiuly in Size.

The lame Writers oblcrve, th.it this Bird lias a very prevent their Fall. The luigic is fupjKifcd to be the
briiki-'ye, which is fixed pretty deep in the Head, covered
in lome Mealure by the Bone which projecls over it, and
Ihen^thcned by a Membrane of a fingular Texture, bring
made up of fevcral fm.ill .S(ales. The Ball of the F.ye is of
a bright llalxlla, and h.is all the Life and Beauty of a To-
paz. The Tongue of the Eagle is net pointeti like that withllanding his great Hulk, frequently loars out of Sight,
of other Bird5, but in a manner Iqu.ire, of a fort ofcaiti- flying always diredly towards the Sun. Hence is derived
laginous Subll.incc with two hard Points at the Bottom like the Fancy of the Poets, that Cianymede was carried byin
the Barlis of the Head of an Arrow. 'I'he Wind-pipe of F^gle up to Heaven, and there became the Ciii)-bearer of
this Animal is paKJigiouily llrong, .ind in breathing is dil- the Gals ; and licnce alio another Notion took Rile, that

to lie near two Inches in the Souls of Heroes were in like mann* r conveyed to tin

Cclellial Regions '. It is pretended, that the true K(M
why fome of the young Fagles are not able to bear the
piercing IJght of the Sun is their having lome l>l'«t m
their Eyc-lids •, for it is faid, that they arc furnilhiil bf
Nature with two Membranes lor this Piirpoic, one ot
which we have before fpokcn, whkh covers the Eye, and
(huts out the Light entirely, the other of a thinner and
more delicate Texture, which being drawn over the tye,

Krefcrves it from being any way injured by the llrongtH
;ays ot Ijght ". It is however very remarkable, that a
the Memoirs of the Royal Academy at Paris, relating to
the DifTt^tilion of this Bird, there is nothing faid of this
fccond and thinner Membrane, though the Eye and the
other fcaly Membrane are very accurately defcribed '.

In this, however, all Writers antient and modern agree,
that the Fjgic is not at all incommoded by the Sun-beams,
and that it is very prolwble lie renews his Strength, or pre-
ferves his Youth by touring fo near that Fountain ot Light
and Meat. We are jwrticularly told by fome Writers, tJut
once every ten Years he makes an unul'ual Progrd's m hi>
Journey, and that for this Realon : He finds his Wi;^
and other F'cathers heavy and unlit for liying, which in-
duces him to rife with all his Force, in order tu reach as
near the Sun as pofliblc -, and h.ivmg thus heateii hisPi'J-
mage exccllively, he drojw at once into the Sea, a!t:rwhkh
all his Feathers fall offby ilegrces, and others llieceedLhini'.
/Fiian aflures us, that the F'.agle is exceeJingly gr.tt-
ful ', an Inllance of which he <;ives us in a Bird ol that
kind, which attended the great Omiiueror /lynia; ail ha
Life, and which he wa.s wont to feed with hisowiiHar.Ji
and which after the Death of that illullnous Perlun, rttulisl

tended to luch a Degree, as to lie near two Inches in
Diameter. Its Bones are very thick and hard and have
Icarcc any Marrow : Its Brain is laid to lie of fo hot a Na-
ture, as wlien given in Powder to occafion Madnefs:
Its BIockI is very thick, and in a Manner fibrous : Its Gall
ftiarp, i^-nitrating, and capable of eating into whatever
it touches, and its very Feathers arc of fuch a corrofive
Quality, that thiy dcllroy if mixed with them, the Fea-
thers of other Birds'.

1 lie \oracity of the Fjgle is lb great, that it requires
a cor.fidcrable b'jirent of Country to lurnifh Prey luthcicnt
for his Subfiftani c ; and hence it is obferved, that two
Eagles never live near each other, /irijlollt and Pliity
tell us, that when the young F-iglcs grow up an^l begin to
fly, the old ones not only d.rive them Irom their Airies,
but alio force ttum to ((uit the adj.iK nt Country ". Thefc
voracious Birds not only prey on all Sorts of large Fowl,
but hunt alio Rabbits, Harts, Sheep, (Joats ami F'awns,
wl'.ich th.'y kill and carry aw.iy. NVe have an .Account
from A-Ji^n\ of an F.iglc ol extraordinary Size, which
ravaged Part of the lllami (j\ Crttt, and was lb furious,
that he .'lur.red Bulls and Oxen, as well as fmaiicr Crea-
tures : The M.innrr in which he dcllroy 'd them was
this, he fixed his Talons ktwixt their Horns, ami then
began to tear their 1 Iculs with his Keak, and otten cover-
ing thar F.yes with his Wings •, the Creatures mad and
blind, ran as fall as they were able, till they eirher fell
over Prtcij iees or thick lall in fome Morafs, where the
ta{;le toie out their Bellies, and liaving thus killed them,
dcvour'it them at his Leifun-.

As this Creature lives entirely on the Flefh of Animals,
he tapes no Licjiad but tlvir B1(j<k!, and never thinks Wa-
ter but when he is liik. It is laid that the Stork is the only totakeany Nutriment from another 1 land, hut thole rath"
Creature able to refill him 1 ami in one of the <j|d Poets we to llarvc. 1 ie mentions hkewilc another Fact llill nion:
have a large D.ieii|tiwn ol a Battle Intween thele Birds, in remarkable, which is, that an I/..igle llcw into the Funeral
which, howcvn, theic is a greater ApiH.ara:.ce of Imagi- Pile of one by whom it was brought up, andwisi.hcrc
nation than Reahty s. Other Animals arc fo tearful ot the confumcd with the dead Body cf his Benefactor.

^. ii t i''9- '•'"■'■'■

» Arljl:i d, Hi!. Jxim.il. l,h l» />,';». Sul Hill, hi »■ '■ i '•*'''" •'

rr,

I'M,,. I..I.

' "Jinfin VtalT. Animal. Tim. i /. i. " y,im,iri ,/c r .IritJ Rr,al Jti Saeittri Tern ill

' Dfifiu/ifi^jl. Hi. V.

iHtan. ui-.JuffA Aldri.'iar.d ()ri'it- ^ti^h tth ii tap. 2

t 'I-
.74 xu

n,l'aiil, 1,1.

Plm. }iifl. Xal. lih x. r 4 .I'.lia* lib 11. < 40 l.uiif. < ,,

I liis (xcun in the Song ol M»f„, where U- dms liilcribes ihc NUitli gf tr.eUii»)|0
t* //;«,/ ihre..c,li Oic Wrdrmcd. " A% iht I .igle itirrrth up li«r Nc;!, flutci-fini; over htr Voung, rpirjUcth (briti her Wing!, ""J bi«rr!r. j"™
" upon ll.cm . S no liroiigc t.oil wiih him " l)i»i %xxu. l\ , \ i. ' /ur Ai^/iv". ■'■''(

A'swoi. f ?...). J/.f. • P. Mft, hmu iQf4i,iui. ' Htmmri 4t t A,md,mn, u bcfjic tiled. • BKhtirl. Unrit. " f. "^ " ' '„

e Af-M 'I iiii i> (Iwuglit \ii be JiudcJ (0 Pj*tm ui. 5. "who Ijiohcih thy Mauji wilh jjaod i'luiigi ; lt> Uut Uiy Vuulhi»rencw«ilhl«iM"5"

il ..!, '

Chap. n.

of the Y. K ^ T Indies.

487

.•kiftol'f ■••I"'"'""' ^'s '• '''"' ''"-' ^"B'c I'Vf s to ^ grt'-it Arc,
jn'l is .It l.ill It.irvcii to Death \ the upper Bill growing
uviT tlie iii'iJi-r 111 llich a manner as tliat tiic Bird can receive
no lurt ol SiilU'naiuT. In the Pcrfian 1 .aiiiruat^e the Lagle
is (alia! //<:»"". 'I''" ''' '" '''y- '1^'' '^"y-»' L'iagle, which is
hulil ill a inaniuT fjered tliroin;hout the L'all, hecaufe they
gri- prrlliaiiei!, that tli()ut;h this be the liokUil and tierceft
(;l';ill BirJs, y t it mjiires no Creauiie living, but feeds upon
Bones that it huds in the Delerts *. But we mull have a
tare to i!iilin!-',uifli tliis Koyal Kaj^ie troin the Ollilrage or
Bonc-br.-akc-r, which i.s another kinil ot Kagle that lives
chivtly (111 .Shill-filh, as alf;) on Carrion, and is reported to
have titi;uer.ti.d Lhurch-yards, and to have turn open
the Liravts in order to teed upon the dead Bodies.

It is necelfary belore we leave this Subject to inention the
Eacli'-Stone, or LaJ'is /^iiiles, as it was called by the An-
ticms. 'Ill's was held to be found in the Eagles Nell •,
ami I'li'y '•ly' '» ''■*' ''"^'"'^ ^^'■'''■' 6"'"^'"''*"y two without,
uhicli the Kagle rould not hatch. That Writer fays there
are liiiir forts of lugle-Stones, the (irll: bred in Africa,
liiull aikl lilt, with A httic Piece of while Clay included
witlim it, which had a very ])li afant Smell ; and this was
laiil tu be the l''emale Kigle Stone. The lecond was found
in //m/'M ol the Size of a Walc.ur, and of a reddifli Co-
lour; it had alf) a little Stone in the mivldle, and was ac-
tountal [he Male. The third was found in Cyprus, which
uli'mblcd thofe found in .Ifrica, but was broader and
tl.nmr. The fourth Wiis called Taphiu/ius from the Region
in which it was found, and was lott like Clay. Tliefe
r.iglc-Sioncs, of which 1 have one before me, are in truth
little bigger than a Hazle-Nut, of a greyillj Colour, and
h.ive aniithir Stone within them which rattles. They are
L;;ht, ami Ueiii to be fome kind of Vegetable petrelied,
hiving a black Spot at one End, as it they had been broken
olTlrom a Stalk. Plifiy fays they were much efteemed for
tluir Medicinal Virtue, which confided in making the Fe-
male of every kind of Animal go its lull Time with Young.
AtthcTinie of Deiiviry, however, it was to be remov'd,
for othcrwife they held that the Creature could not be de-
livLTcd 1 and this Notion prevailed in the lalt Century, when
thcfe Stones were fold at a great rate -, but at prelent fuch
Notions arc out of Date, and conlidered as mere Fidions.

II. After the Eagle the Ollrich was the Bird mod con-
fiJircil ill the Mks on account of its large Size, the Sm-
j,ukrity of its Shape, and other extraordinary Qiialities.
The Anticnts thought its Neck and Head refemblcd thofe
of a Camel, the Eyes fparkling, the Beak blunt, and the
Koftrils very wide'. The Neck, the I lead, and the
Thighs of this Creature, is without Feathers ; the Legs
rimaikably llrong, and the Feet clel't or divided into two
Toes. Thtre were fume Years ago no lefs than eight of
thcfe Birds exhibited at Purij, of which A/. Pcrimili h.is
f,ivcn usi Dcfcription. They were fevcii Feet iiigh from
the Ground tu the lop of the Head, that is to Iliy, tour
from the Flat of the B.ick t:) their Feet, and three from
the rifiiig ot the Neck to the Top of their lieai!s, tioin the
Rump to the I lead, the Neck being extended in a right
I.inc from the Back, tluy were fix Feet in Length. The
Tail about a Foot, the Wing without tlie Feathers a Foot
and a half, and with the Feathers three Feet. It is of the
I'athm ol tlie Of'rich llwt the Flumes heietofure Worn on
the Helnic:, and tin- I'eathets now uleii in 1 i.its, are made.
As they j^row o;i the Bird they are alternaiively white and
Hack, ur black and grey *.

AliiKilf all other Birds luve two torts of T'eathers, one
eoi\ny aiul foft to keep them warm, ami detend them from
^^atcr i tlie ((ther ttroiig and llilf", to allUl them in tlying.
lii the Ollrii h, huwiVi r, it is quite otherwife 1 for tho' the
Lathers (,f this Bird belong, yet the Subllance is downy
ii'd lult, whicli, notwithllaiuiiiig, dues not feem to keep
t'.;m Very warm, neither dot!u:y enal Ic tliem to Hy. There
'Siiintlui tiiiin; remarkable in their Feathers, iKCiufc they
li-.c'wiL ditlLr therein from thofe ot other Birds. The lat-
ter luvc- iii^ie uf the feathery Subflance on one Side of the

Quill than on the other, and on both Sides fo ranged, at to
end in a kind of Point. In the Featheri of the Oftrich
the Qiiill runs direflly through the middle, and the End is
in a manner round. To apprehend this the better, it is
neccffary to oblerve, that the former kind of Mechanifm is
of great Ufc in flying, for thcfe two Reafons j firft, that
the Air refills the Stroke of the Wing powerfully, and
thereby enables the Bird to rife -, the fecond, that the Air
makes the lead poflible Refiftance in the Ihutting of the
Wing for the next Stroke, fo that the Bird lofes little of
that Advantage which fhe gained by the former Stroke. It
is for the fame Rcafon that the Quill extends to the very
Extremity of the Feathers, lb that the Wing forms a kind
of Arch when expanded, by which means the Bird prefles
upon, and is fullained by the Air gathered under it. But
there is nothing of this kind obfervablc in the Stmfture of
the Feathers of the Oftrich, which are not connected to each
other, but lie loofc on each Side of the Quill, and are not
at all ftitt" or gummy like thofe of other Birds.

Hence Ariftotle long ago obferved •, that the Feathers
of the Oftrich refembled more the Hair of Bcafts than the
Plumage of other Fowls, that is to fay, were rather con-
trived to cover the Body, than to alfift the Bird in her
Flight. To fay the Truth, this Animal, as Ariftolle
rightly obferves, is incapable of raifing itfelf from the
Ground ; but then it runs at a great rate, fo that they hunt
it with Grey-hounds, the Huntfmen mounted on fleet
Horfes bred on purpofe to the Sport.

The Antients were of Opinion, that the Wings of the
Oftrich was one great Caufe of its Swiftnefs ■, but the French
Author before cited has taken a great deal of Pains to (hew
from tlie Structure of the Feathers, that they cannot pof-
fibly have any fuch EflTedl, becaufe they are intirely deftitute
of the Qualities requifite for that Purpofe, which though
contrary to the Sentiments of ancient Naturalifts, was, hoW'
ever, a thing known long ago to fome of the Curious '.
It has been hkewite alTerted, that the Oftrich had an Inftinft
in gaining the Wind, which by fwelling its Wings, forced
the Creature along at z great rate ; but modern Experience
contradifts this hkewife, and it is generally affirmed, that
this Bird very feldom runs with the Wind, but on the con-
trary is often in danger of falling, by running oppofite
thereto when the Gale is brilk. It is notwithftanding
generally allowed, that the Oftrich throws Stones behind
her in her Flight with equal Agility and Force.

The Infule of this Animal is, to the full, as curious and
remarkable as the Out. The Stomach of this Bird is
about littecn Inches long, and eight wide, feparated by
a mufculous Piece of Flelh, which, in the Middle, may
be two Inches thick, or fomcwhat more. In thefe two Ca-
vities were found confiderable Quantities of Grafs, Hay,
Barley, Beans, Bones, and Flints, fome of which were
of the Bignefs of a Hen's Egg, together with feventy
Pieces of little copper Money, of the Size of our Far-
things. The greater Part of thefe were Three-fourths
confumed by their rubbing one againft another, and againft
the Flints, and not by any acid Spirit which had corroded
them i which manifcftly appeared from hence, that
whereas one Side was quite fmooth and polilhed, by con-
tinually rubbing ; the other, being prelerved by its lying
hollow, had the ImprefTion quite fair.

All that was contained in the Stomach of the Creature,
whether Stones, Bones, or Beans, were all over of a green-
ilh Colour. The aiitient Naturalifts, therefore, had cer-
tainly no Idea of the true Manner in which Stones, Iron,
and fuch like Things were confumed in the Stomach of
the Oftrich, fince, they plainly aflert, that this was done
by fome particular Quality in the Juices •, fo that, as the
Stomachs of other Creatures were fitted for the Dilfolu-
tion of FiHi, raw Flefli, and Bones, that of the Oftrich
had the peculiar Power of confuming Metals and Stones.
For, if the Stomach of this Animal had any fing il..f
or particular Quality of digeiling Metals, they would,
niort certainly, be digefted in the fame Manner as other

' /)' /,';» ..',;•...,,•. /,;,. j, ,3. , . • ll„h: l. nikl.olh. Or!nt. p. 456. ' liiJI. Nat. /it. X. uip. 3. lih xxxvi. cap. 21 . ' /lrij}^t. Jl

f*'l AiimM. /./..iv. „;>. I.,. r/nulli,i. AV./. .',* .K. cap. 1. '' Memcirti ili I' Jcadcmii, lorn. ui.f.M p. M,. • De Part. Animal.

w' iWM. t 4,.i,j„ y, ti-f, ;,<,,«„/, lit: iv. cnp. 4. vrt a» to its prDilii-ious Swiftnefs, the Author of the Book of Jtb obferves, xxxix. 18.

Wtcn tl;c Oftt.c.'i Utttili ftci:e'lf on liigli. flie Icumeth the Horfe, and his Rider.". _ .

Food

■.;(■

488

7he Difcovery, Settlement, and Commerce Book I

; { /

«' ■^i^ . <

Food is digefted, that is by melting and diflblving them into
« Liquki I whereas Experience (hews us, that this Operation
18 performed in the Stomach of the Oftrich in the fame
Manner as it would be performed out of it, if Pieces of
Copper were to be rubbed and bruifcd with a Mixture of
acid Herbs, and by the Help of rough Bodies. It is,
therefore, highlt probable, that the Oftrich, being a vora-
cious Animal, hu occafion to fwallow hard Things to
aflift in bruifingand confuming its Food, and that abufing
this Inllinft of Nature, it (wallows Iron and Copper,
which, inftcad of anfwering that Intention, becomes poi-
fonous, and turns to the Deitmftoin of the Animal. This
fcems to be put quite out of Difpute, by a Faft which
has been attefted by thofe who have the Care of the
Altnagerif at VtrftilUi , who affirm, that when the
Oftriches kept there, have fwaliowed confiderablc Quan-
tities of Copper and Iron, they have died foon after \ and
therefore they have had Orders given them to hinder Peo-
le from throwing Naib or Pieces of Copper to thefe
irds*.

The hot Conftitution of this Creature, may be very
well fuppofed to contribute not a little to its Fruitlulnefs.
The Oftrich lays, generally fpcaking, Four-fcore t.ggs in
a ftiort Space of Time, each of them weighing twelve
or fifteen Pounds, fo that one is fufficicnt to fcrve fix or
Icven People for a Meal '. The Shell of thefe Eggs is
very near as hard as a Stone, fo that it cannot be tor fear
of breaking them, that the Oftrich abandons them, and
leaves them to be hatched by the I^Ieat of the Sun, as the
common Opinion is ■, but either from Forgetfulnefs, as
(he lays every Egg in a different Place, or from a crrtain
kiml of Inftinifl, which is therefore made a very proper
Symbol of Cruelty ' •, not that it is really fo in itfcif,
becaufe the young Oftriches do not ftand in Need of their
Parents Care : But that it appears fo in the Eyes of Men %
and by Comparifon with the Tendemels of other Ani-
mals, and of other Fowls efpecially.

The Faft, upon which this Obfervation is grounded,
is fuUkiendy made out by the Multitude of OfVriches that
are feen in thofe Countries where they inhabit. Such as
icvcral Idands in the E«ft-Indits, a great Part of Araiia,
Sjri4t /ffrica, and Scuth-zlma'ka, in all which Countries
there arr large Dcferts, in whic h they multiply exceed-
ingly.

The Arabians arc faid to be fo creduloui, that, as an emi-
nent Traveller informs us, they arc content to believe that
the Oftriches hatch their Young by looking at them. I
will give the Reader the Story in his own Words. •' Wc
•• read, fays he, in an old Arabian Manufcript, that when
" this Fowl would hatch her Eggs, ftic does not cover
•• them as other Fowls ilo, but both the Male and Female
" contribute to hatch them by the Efficacy of their Looks
" only i and, therefore, when one has Occafion to go
•• to look for Food , it advertifes its Companion by
" its Cry, and the other never ftirs during its Ab-
" fence, but remains with its Eyes fixed upon the Eggs,
•* till the Return of its Mate, and then goes, in its Turn
" to look for Food : And this Care of theirs is fo ne-
•• ceflary, that it cannot be fufpcnded for a Moment,
•• for it it ftiould, their Eggs would immediately be-
•' come addle '."

This Story, no doubt, is fabulous ; but why do I fay
fo, when, at the Bottom, the Arabians believe no more
of it than wc do i" In reality, it is no more than a para-
bolical Fiiition, to cxprcfs the perpetual Attention of
Providence, in which the Egg reprefcnu the Univerfc,
and the panntal Infpeftion of the Oftnch, the continual
Interpofition of the Fadier of all Things for its Pre-
fcrvaiion. Thus, in the Letter, this Story is idle and
foolifli, and fo are moft Fables j but the Interpretation
or Moral is noble and juft.

^ The EibitMans cat the Eggs of this Bird, and cfteem
l^ the moft cjtquifite Food that can be, and the com-
mon Peopte cat the Flcfti of the Oftrich in all Countries
where they arc found » though it is admitted, that it

1. "■/•-"•''•/.■"— "='^"^i "" /"CTC mult, probiblv
have been fomcthing very cxouifite in the Rcliih li
its Brains, fince the Emperor Heliogabalui txixH [m\
Hates filled with this Sort of Food to be forvcd at one f
the Entertainments that he gave to the Nobility of iJcJ
of which it was common for him to ranfack the whul'
Empire for Dainties. Wc learn alfo from /£lim ■, tu
to the Time in which he wrote, the Indian Princes efttemd
the Brains of the Oftrich, one of the greateft Ddincipj
their Country produced.

II. The Phtenix is the Theme on which theCr«t
Writen Icem to have exhaufted their Eloquence j and
that with fo good Succcfs, as, in fomc meallirc, to'hjve
impofed on the wifeft of the Latin Writers. The Au.
thor of this Fidlion, at Icaft, as high as wc are able ta
trace it, was Htrodotus ' i and yet he docs not defirvc
to be treated as a fabulous Wnter, for what hcha; leit
us upon this Subje<fV, fince he acknowlcdqfs fairly, tha; lit
knew nothing more of this Bird than from Report and
from Picture. On his Authority, however, the Stor)uj
fo often repeated, that, by IXgrcs, it g.iined Credit with
the learned as well as. the Vulgar, iafumuch tl\xPiin'
gives us a long and plaufible Account o! it.

" The Binis of India, lays he, .irc moftofthera of
♦' different Colours, and liich as a Man can hirdly de-
" fcribe. But the Pbcenix is t'le mod noble of all ; neither
" know I whether it be a Fable or a Truth, that there is
" but one in the World, and that but rarely lien, it
•* is faid to be of the Size of an Eagle, its Neck ai
" refulgent as (iold, the Body of a deep Purple, the
" Tail comjwfed of blue Feathers, mixed with red, the
" Head adorned with a beautiful Tuft of different Co-
" lours. Manilius, a noble Roman Senator, diftinguilhed
" by his Excellence in every kind of Learning, was the
" firrt who wrote at large of this fingular Bird i and by
" him it is rcjiorted, that the fhanix is never fcn to
♦• eat : That, in Arabia, this Bird is held facred to ttc
" Sunj that he lives Six hundred and fixty Years, and
" that finding himfclf old and Ix'^inning to dray, Yt
«* builds himldf a Neft with the Twigs of C(ijju;ai
" having filled that Neft with Frankiiiccnfe and ctht:
" Aromatics, he therein expires. But from his Bor.ts and
" Marrow is proiluced a little Worm, which, in Tiie,
*' becomes a young Phxnix \ and the lirft Thinj it docs,
" is to cckbrate the Funeral of its Parent, hy transfer-
" ring the whole Neft to the City of the Sun, whi.his
" nearP<nrr/u/a,and leaving it there upon the Altar. Tx
" dme Xfanilius reports, that the grrat Year agrees ei-
" aftly with the Term of this Bird's Life, when ik\\u-
" venly Bodies return to their firlt Points, and the Sea-
" fons revolve again in their former OrJcr, this Year
" commenring at Noon, when the Sun enters the Sign
" Aries. Acconling to his Comfiutation, therefore, thui
" great Year began when P. Lidniuf, and M. Ctmiini
" were Confiils •, but Cornelius yaUrianus writes, that
" ^inlius Plautius, and Sextus Popinius, being Conljli,
" the Phttnix apjxrarcd in E^pt. It is alfo faid, thJt this
'• Bird was brought to Rome when Cladius was Le.for,
" that is, in the Year of the City Eight-hundred, mJ »3;
" ojvrnly Ihcwn in a full Afllinbly, as the ['uKicliRe-
" cords atteft , but in this rclpcd falkly, i-obo-y i:
" this Time doubts."

Such is the Ace:..-. it >en us by Plinjn yetinfah
general Eftimation n.^ this Story grown, 'hat Pope D-
ment » in his Epiftlc to the Corinthians, written :n tic
Name of the Church of Rome, makes ufe of this \m
of the Phama to prove to them the PolTibility of the Re-
furre<ftion -, the Paflage is very curious, and therefore 1 OuJ
tranfcribe it for the Entertainment of the Reader. ;• L'-
» us, fays he, confider that Prodigy which hapix-ns m t..i
•' Fjift, where they bchokl a certain Bird called the Phca-js,
" which is the fingle Bird of its Species. This Animij
" lives five hundred Years, and when it perceives its tnJ
" approaching, it makes a Neft of Myrrh, Inceiile, arJ
" other Aromatics, in which it feats itfeit, and alter i

«M«Boin of tl«e Rojnl Aaideinjr of Science!, u t>efore cited. » vElim. Jit

where thi> Bird it eemmoa. ' Bnl,trt. Hitm ». x.l.t. i. „». %. LamcnutioM

«Jine cruel. liketJM Ottxich in the Wildemtf.. » p. Vu.Jtthi. kIi.i XftyPu f. loj

ilk wr. t,f. I J. . Lib. u. W/.. P>l}h,ft. laf. 3 J, - tia,. H,J>%. i. <»t z

: ii. rf. ,7. wd .1) the modem TwelJen thitfCo«nti«

« of 7^»* iv. , ;• Ti^i).ugh.« of mr i^c;;^

' Lmmfridiui i» Htlniakalt.

CClii

Chap. ir.

of f/je E \ s T Indie

489

.. ccfwi:) time tlifiv, finiflics its Days. Out of its Flcflj
.. vvIk'ii loriui'ttJ, tiuiv Iprings a iiind of Worm, wHIlIi
1' fcciii!" lor itJ""-' t'"''-' "" ''*'•■ Remains of tiiis Animal,
.. l> .riiir.it ici'p,tli to l)c covcrai with I'lailicrs i ami when
.' It i)a.)iv.i.5 lliDiigir, it carii'.s away tl>c Nell, whicli con-
" tains the Utiivts of its littcalcil Parent, ami pafTing from
" jai'hi into J'-;:)P't ^^'^''^ '''^''" '" ''"^ ^"Y "' lidiopoUs.
>' ilure 111 lull Uay, ami in the Sight ot a Multitude of
•• Spic't itoi s 'f ''"'' f" ''"^ Altar of the Sun, ami having
" thcrwii ikpolitui its IJiiriien, immetliatcly retires. The
" £;;vv/rt« i'rlells having confultcd tlicir Amials, and
" luviii" fron) tlKin made an exad Computation, f.nil, that
., tiijj happens preeileiy at the Clofe of five liundred
» Year

Tiiis

tlic Pains that has been taken about them, the Accounts we
have are almoll as pcrpltxiil as tvcr.

I'he true Story of the Phoenix, though applied by the .
Chriftian Fathers to the Refurrcftion, was by the ancient
Egyptians underftood of another fort of Rtfurredion •, for
they conccivcii, that when the great Year of all was accom-
plillied, the Univerfe was to be dcftroycd by l-'irc, and a
new Syrtem arife out of the Ruins of the old. This I con-
ceive they borrowed from the Indians -, at lead tlius much
is certain, tiiat this was, and lUll is, a Principle of their Phi-
lofophy, which, as the learned Dr. Burnet ' of the Charttr-
boufe well obfervcs, they explained by another Symbol, viz.
that of a Spider, which alter fpinning various Webs, re-
fumes them again all into himfelf, and re-produces the fame
Matter under other Forms ; and thus Philofophical Simi-
litudes, which imperfectly exprefleil what Reafon could
fcarce comprehend, came by the Miltakes of vulgar Minds
to corrupt natural Pliilofophy, by introducing imaginary
Creatures, which never had, or could have, Exillence
according to the Laws ol Nature.

I ^ Alter the Fable of the Phoenix had been rejedled by
almoll all the Learned, it was again in fome mcafure re»
liimeil by the gn at Julius Ccfar Scaliger ; a Man, whofc
Eminence in all kind of Learning gave him fo high a Re-
putation in the World, that his Opinions were received as
a kind of Oracles. 1 le thought that the Accounts given
ot a certain Binl fount! in the Southern Countries of the
Indies, called Stmenda, or Semendal, had fome Relation
to the Pha-nix, and that confequently all that had been ad-
vanced in relation to this Bird was not abfolutely falfe and
fictitious.

In order to judge the better of this, it will be requlfite to
enter into the Delcription of this lad mentioned Bird, and fee
how lar it accords with that of the Plioenix. The Semendal
is (aiit to have a Triple Bill, or three Bills raifed one over
another, by the Help of which, when flie is near her Death,
flie makes a mod delightful Harmony. Then forming a
Pile of odoriferous Wood, fhe lets Fire thereto, and fan-
ning It with her Wings, fuffcrs herfcif to be confumed to
Allies, out of which a Worm is produced that afterwards
changes into the fame kind of Fowl ''.

This is vilibly nothing more than the old Fable a little
varied, and yet it is true enough, that there is in the IlLind
of Jin\i, and in the Spice Iflands belonging to the Dutch,
a kiml of Bird that has two Bills, and therefore is called by
the Inh.ibitants the D:uble Bill; but as to its finging, I lind no
fc'.videiue to that Point. As it is a Native of the Moluc-
cas, it is very probable that it m.ay make its Nell of Spices ;
but that it confunus itfclt therein there is no good Tefti-
mony to prove, notwithltanding what the fingle Traveller,
on whole Relation the original F'adt is grounded, has ad-
vanced '.

It may indeed be alledged, that fome Eaftern Writers
have countenanced this Notion by their Relations'" j but
then we know that Inch Accounts as thel'e are liable to grcac
Sufpicions, and el'pccially to that of giving an Air of Mat-
ter of F.iCt to Parables. On the whole therefore, there is
jull as little kealbn to crctlit the modern Story of the Se-
iiLiiidal, as to yield any Belief to what the Ancients have
related concerning the I'hccnix, or to exprefs the thing
plainly, and in tew Words, they are both Fables equally
dellitute of Foundation. It is very hard to difcover the
Motive why even the greatell Men are unwilling to give
up Autliority, when it is direftly contrary not only to Rea-
loii, but the Laws of Nature ; and yet that this is frequently
the Caie, many Inllances might be brought to prove, but
this betore us is more than lutHcient •, and theiefure I fliall
trouble the Reader no farther upon this Subje-^il.

W hat has been alre.idy laid was nccclTary to (licw, that
no Pains have been fpared to e;camine thefe Points, and to
let the Truth in a fair Light, which was thought the more
requifite, becaufe molt Writers of Voyages are fo much in-
clined to report llrange and wonderful things, and to call

•^ /V I'r iirri.t. Can. cat xii p 3S- ' See tliis Matter hiri'dy JilluilcJ in Fatlier tlardauini .Annotations upon Pl:ry. ' I'^Jftut di

/■</ /■.^ III, ,„,-.. .)■;. I JJo-lw, liir.o:. /i. 1 1. "A. vi. c.,p. q. " " .-/.: .</ liK vi. ,af. 28 " /A/.h rt-ff". ;.. 3S4. » \ ulgar Errois,

l'<")MM ll;,ip. xii. y P .tan H,troz ul'i fufia. llie (>'. A< Word is iDa...*, it occurs in /c* xxiv. 1 8. as alio 111 the P/.'j.mi. ' Jrthe.:^-
P •-! ' ■'^.<i% /.i-.n;/. jj; *''Cardtn dr iuh:lit. li/: X. f na-fi^al. \u3l,u Coiiti. a Po,^i!> d^l.i. ' ^it 'f>. mm lirmn ^Uctl'i,

id hinilclf Ici^i lome of the Bills or Beaks of there wondtilul Birds, )ct he Utclarcs afiaiull the Notion of the Pha-nix. \ ulgar trror,,
'' '' ■■i,uJ VjJ.art. liiiifii- f-^-l-

l-alle was not only current in Italy, but in Africa,
K j; ;K'ars tVoin t'.ic Writings of Tertullian'^, who makes
ui. ui tiiis l:xami)Ie with the lame Intention as St. Clement.
i'lie .'Vncicius, however, dilTered much about the manner
,11 wliii h the I'lucnix dieil. Acconling to the former Ac-
oAiiiis It expired in the ordinary way i but a Multitude of
Wriurs atfirin, that having r.uled its I'uneral Pile, it let
1 ir^' tlicixto, and fanning that Fire with its Wings, w;is
ilitrciiuoiilunied lo Alhes, out of which Afhes arule the
iii,w I'lueiiix thus conlecrated to the Sun', The Date ol
its Lite w,is .1 I'oint no lefs controverted. An Ethiopian
I'nrcc-, in a Letter ot his tu a Pope, cited by loj/ius, litys,
that it lives three huiiilred Years. Ilemdotus, yHlian, Pbi-
IdrMus, and Aurclius I'liior, extend the Term of its Lite
to lour hiin.lred ami torty, or five humlred Years •. Pliny,
0:1 the Authority of MmiIius, as we have lecn before, to
iix tuinJreii and lixty, Martml and iMlantius to a thou-
f.ind ; but the .iraiitin, Egyptian, and Kal/inical Writers,
larlvyoPvl this, in confeijuence, as they pretend, of its not
iuviny tailed the forbidden Fruit '.

In the miod, however, of thefe Contradiflions, and
thciigli ll vera! of the ancient Authors freely prolels their
Sufpicions of the whole Story, yet -Tacitus " does not feem
tJt]ucllK)n the Fact, but rather to admit, that llich a Bird
had kill Ibinetimcs fecn in Egypt ; and another 1 Iillorian
lii)!, iliat its coming to Home wasconfidered as an ill Omen
by ihe .Aiii^uis, and thought to portend the Death of the
l.i\-\\\!orIii>crius. Father \lartinius, in his Cbinifi Atlas',
;:iuiii , 11', tii.it it v/as leen in Cl'ina in the Beginning of the
K;:;;n oi KjLo.ir IV. and that it was thought to come from
die h'J:i>. All the Circumllances of the Story are fo ap-
[ariraly laLulous, that it would be lofmg time to relutc
tli.Mi. It the curious Reader has a mind to fee this done
c;ii\ti:a'ily, he m.iy conlult Sir Tbcmas Broivnc ', who has
handled tliis, as he does every other Subjeiit, with great
Laming ir.d Cip.ieity ■, but I have cholen rather to infill
on the Lids reported by ancient Writers, than to enter into
a Detail ol Ark;umeiits, which would txteiui this Article to
an ixtiavai^ant Length, and be at the fame time quite befidc
t.'..- I'urpol'e.

It may not Ik; ami Is, however, lufore we conclude, to
fay lonkwh.u of the Origin of this Fable, which fome have

imai'in.cl

A-:oW, or was at lealt lliengtheneil by the {ji.

^^urd, ligRiiyiiig in Gretk both the Plucnix and the Palm
tri'v '. Thus iiiueh is reitain ind-ed, th.it a Miltake of this
k'i'.d has hrought this Bird into the Sciiptiiies, the .Aiitiio-
I'v' 1^1 whuh can nevir be brought to jullily i'liih fables,
tiiougli fuinr, to lliew their Learning, I're lor finding in
thcin whatever Faas or Realbns tiicy have .i mind toelta-
Idiih. I'he true .Source, however, of tins Notion, lay like
tut (j| the Gryphon in the Ejyptiiiii 1 Iiei()gly[)hicks. It
was fiiim tile Egyptians that J\ato and the nil of the An-
eiuith borrowed ilieir Notion of the great Year winch they
river hi'ily umleiltooil, and the Reigns of their feveral
^j<jds, whaii have given fo much I'louhle to our moll
karned Chroiiologers, were in truth no more than the Pe-
'lods ol the Planets, that is to fiy, the Spaces of Time in
*liitli tliey finillied, according to the E^yptum Syllem,
tii-irktvulutions •, and this is the true Caule why, alter all

l-u''.-; i:i, .

^<-'.\in. XX..\1V.

into

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'490 7/.)r Difcovcry, Settlement, an^ Commerce \>mk [.

into tlicir AlTiflanfi- tlir Rcl.itioni of the Anricnts tliat j.^v they h.ul hranl that th<- Pclic.m fal hcrywrco,
without thi' Aid of lurh ilcar ami explicit Commentaries as out ot this I'ouch, i.r talk- Stoma h •, - ' -■ ■ ' ^ '

aii>' this bni-..

wc have given, it is fimply implfible to cure the Miiuls tlicni either iinixirfcaiy, or with Addition of iomc U',! '
■ ■ ■ '■'■ ■• "-' '"'whuh CiiiiiiiiHanLVs, they from thence framed a I»arabl((,rs'!'

rymt';.

hiude bctw.-cn this and the mull folemn Myft,

of many I'cople of that fort of fiipcrllitioiis Credulity
thrle kind of Kihiions naturally induce. And with the

Ritiitation of which, we rtiould have U(i\ forced to inta- ( linllian Religion; and to remlir it the mure apt ,],

nipt the 1 hreail of fubleciutnt Voyair.ts if we had not once deviled new Circumftances and inlar|',r,l every Part Qt ,J

for all difpatched tiie Suhjeft in this and the foregoing Story to make it anfwer their Intention tii? btttr Tu

Chapter. 'l'-^''-" ''»^"" "" 'l^"' '> ^^^^ t'i«" Female IVlirm kli,] )./

14. The relican is a very finyular Bird, concerning youii;; ones by carclling them too much with h.r ftj"

which the Ancients have written largely, and yet there and then mourned over them lor three lliys till the M,'!

h.ive iKcn very Rnat Difputes among the Moderns as to Feiican Ixcoming ftill more lenfiMc, tore his Brcailn.^

the llird which tht y have defcribcd, the Realon of which, with his Beak, and by the I'tVulion of his own Bl(W(i \t

as well as ot the Fables current alwiit this Creature, will Horcd the young I'elicans to lafe • Tin., without Qiti'

quickly apiK'ar. .kiJInU ' and JUian ' call it by the liimc tion, is very wild and extravagant, ami has nr.thin^

StQ

Name, viz. I'elican, or Tclecan 1 but Pliny dekribts it countenance it in the Works of any of the Nitiiriliib.
iiniler the Name ni Unoiroialui*, yet their Accounts agree whence the learned ^#«.' " very julllyconcliules, that thcli

Stories wire invented by fiich as were in Love with the Al.
lufions and I lieroglyphicks.

We find in the Writings of a very harnrd Gtrmtn\^.
thor, whofe Name is John deorgt y'dkam.-r ', th.ithcfaw
at the Fair of l^dtH a I'elican, which the Man whi kept
it atlitmed to liave Ixren in Ins Culludy ii|iwirds of %
Years. It was much larger and llrongcr than an Fjclt

lo exactly, that there kerns to Ik- no Realon to doulit they
meant one and the lame Bird. The Author lall mentioned
tells us there is init one thing remarkable in this Creature,
which is, that it has .1 falfe Stomach, into which it fwallows
its Prey when tirll taken, and throws it out again Iroin
ihencc in order to feed iijHm it.

There are Ibme of thefe Birds that live moHly on L.and,
and others that n fort conllantly to the Waters ; yet the but otherwife very like it both in Size and in the Colouirof
l-igure iif Ixith is the fame. 1 here were feveral of them its Feather., except titat from its Head to its Wings it «a
k( pt tor m.iny Years in Irame, and in the Memoirs of the grown cjuitc white through Age •, he alTurcs \\\ that of ill
Royal Academy ot Sciences, we have a very dillinct Ac- Binls it lives the longcH, that it renews its l-Vathcrs lik:
count of them. According to their Dcfrnption the IMitan
is live I'wit Ingh from the Beak to its leet, the Wings
when extended eliven leet Irom one Fxtrcmity to the
Other. Their Btak alxiut (ourteen Inches in Length, and
an Incli and an hall liroad at the b.ivl, its i.egs littccn
Indies, thi- long( ft of its Claws four Inches and a half, the
l^cnf^th of its Neck about ten Inches*.

TJiere is fcorce any Bird except the F.agle of lb great Ancients having long ago obferved the fame thing, thii,
Strength as the Pelaan, which is alio a Bii\l ot I'rey, ;uid as i oblerved, gave the tirll Rile to the St'iries which hav:
files to a great 1 Ic ight. Ciiimanuj, in .1 Letter of his to been told ot this Bird's feeding its young ones wit.'i its
CifihT the lanious Naturahfl', tells us of a tame Pelican RUxkI ; Yet in Fai^l there is notiiing extraordinary in thJ!,
that loared lo high as to apjxrar in the Air no bigger than lincc the fame thing has l)cen obUrved ot very many, and
a Swallow, and which having tor along time attended the j)erliaps might be- obkrvnl of moll Birds who liil thrir
Army oi the f.mj)cror Maximilian, that I'rinceordereii it to tjizzards lull of whatever they meet witli whin thiirFe-
lie maintained, and allowed tor that I'urpoli.- tour Crowns a malts are hatching, and ililgorgc it again for the Support
Day, winch Bud lived in Curmatiy fuurkore Years. This ot the Hen and lier BickhI.

1\k ( is the more credible, Lccaufe in the Menagery of Le'.iis It is therefore- through want of Attention to the .Iniirals
Xl\'. there wire niany I'dicans, and it was ulikrved, that in (nir own Country, that we are lb nnuh Ihuck with the
tiuy wrre the<ii,ly kind ot Birds ot which tin re died not one Singularities re|)orteii by Travellers of the Aiimiilsin other
in the Space of twi Ive Yiar-.. Two ot tliein were by Order Countries, for without doubt, it we examined carefully «hat
cjt iliat i'rincc dilllcted at Parn. Tin.- lull w,is intirely pall'es every Day under our F.yes, we fnoiikl not only be

the Fjgle, and that it often furvives to upwards ofn
hundred. I le adils, that its falfe Stomach, which hangs
ujxjn Its Neck, is big enough to admit ones Hand, ad
that he actually thrulf his own into the I'ouch of the Pit.
can, where he felt the Food it had taken half dilTulv-d,
and lo hot, that he was not .able to endure it. He ttikij
likewife, that from thence it feeds its young ones, Tlie

c(;vered wirh wlnte Icathcis, exccjit the Wings in which
there were liime black, and others brown i and in the 1 ca-
llitrs on the Ikniy there was a little- Mixture of nd. Ihc
other was altogether ot a Flefli Colour, without any Mix-
ture ot black or f)t white Feadieis. Some of the nit ot the
I'.iiians in the Menagiry were all over grey, except the
Ixtremity of their Wings, which was white .Some liad
a large 'lult of luatheis behind the 1 lead, and. fonic wanted
that lutt, lo that it may be- affirmed there are few Bird*
more ditierently feathered t.'i.ui this.

But there is one Mark which I'ufTiciently diilinguillies
this Bud from all others : It has under its IV jk a large
B.ig wiuJi IS iimtc naked, and hangs eiown on its Neek.
In this I'outli It keep', its Fcxxl till it is proprly picpariel
t';r Digelhon, ai.d then it there be nothing liarel or uiieiif-
li.Ivcd, it fwallows the whole at once; but it there be, it
diliharges it, and picks out what is ealiell lor Digcllion.
.liifiotU » had ol)leived tins h.ng ago 1 lor he tells us, that

lets apt to Ik lurpnzed at luch Relations, hut lieall'olxtter
able to ju !ge how far diey ought or ouglitiiottubclieLv,J,
It IS in this Riiped that the Study of natural \\\hvt is
excceilingly ulrlul not only by guarding us againll Credu-
lity, but enabling us to correct the contiilid and difcoriar.t
Accounts given us by tuch as from a lupiriicial View of
Foreign Creatures venture to elilciibe them, andoU.n add
luch Circumllances from I learfay as are not to he depenJeJ
upon, luit out of which an intelligent N'atiiralill will be able
riotwithltaneling to pick the Truth.

15. All who liave vilited the moll .Southern lilindsof
the India, particularly Sumatra Hamh, and the rell c;t
the Melluuaj, agree in relating liime extraordinary I'a.'! ■
culars ol a very large Biril, common in thole Iilands, ar.J
of which it dens wii appear that the An-unts haJai)'
Knowleelge. This Biiel the Natives call hmtu, lui th:
Duhh ulually dillinguilh it 'by the Name <'t the Ci.-t.
I'his Creature is ttius elefcribcd by Mr. 'Jdn Sifdcf,i

liic Water i'c lican was wont to f*allow Shell-lilh, keeping Diitiii Traveller ", very jullly clleemed for the tidclit/

l:iem in her Stomach till they o(K-neii, and then thicw them
i.p and picked out t.he filh. /fUian ' f.iys the lame thing,
\sh:ch U./Ikicntly proves that wc are not inillakeii as to this
Bird, but that the I'eliean known to us is the very lame
Creature which is d< kribcd by the Anrients.
^ The old l-;ithers ol the Chiillian Churih exceeded the
GV«|jtlKiiiklvesin the i'.ibles they rciwted upon tliisSub-

and his Fxai^tnels of his Relations, and therelorc I
let ilown his Delcription in his own Words.

•• This Birel, fays he, carries his Head very uprig..:,
" and then it is about live Fexjt Iroin the Ground ; m:
•' Ix-ngth of his Body, from the Breall to thr IX Ji
" alxHii three, or pi rhaps a little inoie. Ihc Head ap-
" pears Imaller in I'roportion tli.ui the Body, andnv.ry

• De llijl
f. iii.

A a4r- * luvcli iliUjV'U l:J.j

ytHima!. 1.1. \x. t 10. I I), Animal ///.. lij. ,,,f jo.

' (./„, Ornilbtht. I,h Iii. k H,fl, M,imal. l,b. ix. <

//»J. ". I'hiim K\. ISdir. (),.j:n. lib. xu. (. ~. ij AUi.

« lift. \.il l,h X. (. 47.
IQ. ' Dt Jn.m.i/. iii. 111.

" Pi Ha/at. lib. til. I. ^.

,0. ■■' Vh!:-k >ff'":

Ej'hm. Xu. i)<.j.'. 111. .'' "■

" linixitli)

Chap. II.

of the East Indies.' ^

491

•' liiinotli, and in Cfilour of a d.irk Blue ; on the Clu (I
•> tinK' li'' I?'' t^^" I'-xrr'HtiKc; lilii' liij.',^ : 'I'hc I'yes are
" l.ircf anil tiiTCC, hthinil wliich are the F.ar-holrs, anil
" aliiHid at the Kxtremity of the Bill two Nottriis }
•' .iiul linm the MiiKl of the Bill to the Crown of the
•' 1 lijd i;i(iws a h aril yellow Subftanre like a Cockle-fliell,
«' iljinially in the Malis. 'I'hcy have very long and grofs
•' l.i!;s coviTul with a yellowifli Rind •, their Feet arc
" thick, knobliy, and withotit S|ii:rs ; infh-ad of which
" tluv li.ivc on the Fore-part three long, horny Claw, in
" whiVli tiicy dilVer from the Olbich, whofc Feet are
" iliivcn both before and behind. 'I'hey are covered all
•' uvrr with IVatliet', or rather Flumes of a ilark Red,
«' mixi.iwith Blaik : 'I'hefe upon the Bieall anil Thighs
" iiiow two and two tijgether •, but thofe on the I'ail
» an- ot nnirh gnater I -eiigth, and flronger •, underneath
" the Feathers whith grow on both Sides, arc hidden
•' cfitain Fins, which fervc th;'m in running •, for thtfe
" Birds are fcarce able to raife themfelvcs from the
» Grminil. They are exceeding grecily, ilcvouring every
" Thing tlicy meet with, even to Iron and burning
" Glials, all which they evacuate backwards without any
" Alttr.itidn ; nay, they fomctimes do not throw out what
" thty have eat till a Year afn r, without the Icaft Signs of
" any P i'iUon ; for the reft they live upon Herbage.
" iiiiir Strength confifts in thi ir 1 .egsand Feet, and they
" run {^ tall that no Man can overtake them •, and when
" fxafjKrati'd, kick with their Feet backwards and fide-
" ways like a 1 lorfc. They lay grecnilh F'.ggs upon
" the Gioiind among the Shrubs, liarce fo big as our
" Hen eg£;s, fpccklcd with dark green Spots the Yolks
" thiTiot are eaten by the Inhabitants. They have not
" (ithcr Tongue or Tail."

This Bird was firft \<:fn in Europe in the Year 1597,
uhin the Vulch brought home one on their Return from
thnr lirll Voyage to the Indies '. It had been given them
as i i^rat Ciiriofity by one of the Javanffe Frinces, as a
Mjrk of their FriendOiip ; and the Pefcription of it
laving made a great Noifc in the World, Lm-is XIV.
whin he formed his Menagery at l-'erfaiUes had one
bt him in the Year 1671 , by the Governor of the
lilaiiil of St. Limniice, or Mndtigufcar, who bought it
(t loiiie M.Tclunts who touched ar that Idand in
ihiir Ritiini from the Indies. This was the firfl of its
Kind t!iat had been feen in France, and it lived at Fcr-
fm'ft about four Years. The King had afterwards fevcral
( t tlnle Birds ftnt him, which gave the Members of the
Royal Academy an Opportunity of examining and dif-
f^tinj; fonie of them : The largeft was five Foot and
a hilf hi^h, its Legs two F'uot and a half, its Head
snd Neck a Foot and a half, the I.irgeft of its Claws
t|v.' Inches long, and tiie Nail of its fmalletl Claw
tine InrJKs ami a half. The Wing, which was com-
l>'ld only of five bare Q_uills, was fo fmall that it was
j inunly covered by the Feathers on its Back. T!ie I lead,
N'-ck, ami Cheft of this Creature were abfolutely bare,
and the reft ol ks Body might be more properly fiid to
Iv covired with Hair than with F'eatliers : In all other
K-llxCts the Dcleri()tioii "j^iveii liy them ot this Bird, agrees
(Xaclly with that which we have before given, and therc-
l"ri it winilii he tedious to repeat it, only it may not be
in^ifstooblerve, timt the Me.ul and Neck are laid to have
t Irinbleii a Turkey-cock's, and to have been fpotted
'■idi blue, violet, aiul red, a large Cunib b.ehind its 1 lead,
•"'"d iti (lids, inftead of h.mj^^'^ing ii;uii'\liat.-ly under its
I' ■'•;< ai'ii^ared on the Bottom ol its Neck, where it
.' ;'id the Hreaft. In its Size it came ne;"rcll to the
^'''iUi, and was, in every Relped, as greedy and vu-
ranyus '.

'''. There are, bcfides thefe, a gn at many remarkable
■ ^ "1 the Indies, of which modern Travellers have
!' ^'-'1 lis very exai^-t Accounts ■, and of thcfe we will meii-
• ':i a few. The Dronte is a very lingular Creature, and
funimon m all the Southern Farts of the Indies. In Big-
f'l^t IS l)etwixt an Olfrich and a large Turkey, and has
" Kcleniblance to the lall, in iiis Feathers and Tail.

lb lie

d large, not unlike that of a Cuckoe, but

covered all over with a Skin. The F.ycs are lirge anil
black, the Neck crooked and very thick, the Bill very
long, thick, and of a pale Blue, except towards the F.x-
tremities \ the uppcrmoft thereof is blackilh, and the under-
moft yellowifli, but both Shape and Bent of his Body is
very thick and round, covered with full grey Feathers,
like thole of an Oftrich. The Belly and upper Parts are
fo thick as almolt to touch the (iround, which is the Rca-
fon he is very eafily caught. On both Sides he has cer-
tain Fens inl^cad of Wings, of a pale Yellow Colour,

and, inltead of a Tail, live curled Flumes of the fame
Colour. His Legs fhort and thick, with four large
Claws. The Meat, efpccially that on the Breaft, is fac
and pleafant enough, and three or four of thefe Crea-
tures afford a Meal for one hundred Ferlbns. In his Sto-
mach is fomctimes found a certain porous hard Stone •.

The Cormorant, which is very common in the Ifland
of Java, and indeed in moft Farts of the EaJI- Indies,
fcems to me to be the Water-pelican of the Ancients.
They refemble our Geefe in Shape, but much exceed
them in Size, and have underneath their Beaks a large Bag,
which they can extend and draw together at Fleafure,
and in it keep fuch I'ifh as they have Iwallowed. 'I'heir
Feet are like thofe of the Swan, and their Bills arc
crooked towards the F'xtremitics. They are f > greedy
after Prey that they rulli out from among the Flags with
fuch Violence, that they are eafily taken. They fwallow
Oifters with their Shells, and keep them in their Bags
till they open, when they fpcw them out again, and pick
out the Oilier '.

If wc could depend upon the Accounts given us by
the Mimonaries of the Birds found in China, we might
venture to yield implicit Credit to whatever the Anci-
ents have delivered , their Stories of the Phoenix not
excepted ■, for to fay the Truth, the MifTionaries afTirin
of their own Knowledge Things full as flrange ; and we
mult cither believe thefe or renounce their Tcflimony
entirely. The Reader fhall have an Inftance of this from
Father Nnvaretle", and in his own Words, that we
may not Hem to juftify the Truth of this Obfervation«
by giving an extravagant Turn to what he relates.

•' On the Sea-coafls, fays he, of the Chinefe Ifiands,
" there is a very lingular Bird called Taion ; now what
" I, and many befidcs me admire is, that being no
" bigger in Body than an ordinary Chicken, though its
" Legs are viry long, it lays an Egg larger than that of
" a Cioole ; fo that the Egg is really bigger than the
*' Bird itfelfi and no Man living would judge that the
" F.gg could be contained within it : In order to lay its
" F.ggs, it digs in the Sand above a Yard in Depth ; after
" Liying it tills up the Hole, and makes it even with
" the rell ; there the Eggs hatch with the Heat of the
" Sun and Sand. When the Chickens are iiatched, by
" natural Inilinrt, they break through the Sand up-
" wards -, .and fo get out of that F)imgeon their Parent
" put them into ; then they walk directly to the Sea in
" learch of Weeds to feed on. Another Thing in it is
" wonderful, which is, that they are not fVitled when
" they come out of the Shell with the Heat and Weight
" of the Sand, how they breathe till they get out, and
" how they have the Strength to break through fo great
" a Weight. They are Prodigies of the Almighty's
*' making. The Indiums, to find thefe F.ggs, flick Iharp
" Canes into the GroumU when they find the Sand light,
" they Hop and throw it U(> tbmething above the Length
" of a Man's Arm, and there they find them. They
" are of a plealant Relidi ; one of them is enough for
" a Man who has a good Stomach j the Ibler the F'gg
" the better. One Morning, having lain on Shore,
" and near tiie Place where thefe Birds reforted, we
" rejiaired thither carefully, and making a Noife, a
" great Company of them came out of their Holes, in
" which we found many EggS fomc hot, fome cold,
" fome white, fome of the Colour of the Sand, which
" were flale ones. I had Ixfore eaten of the latter, and
" now cat of thofe that were ftefh and warm ; l^ut, ia
" truth, the ftale ones were much better. There were

. ■■'"0':in.!,y.l,Blan<.
1' '"'Jfi Irtti. *

' Mtmtiri di t/Uai. Tm. iii. f.
liillory of Ckma,

391.

• I'Qiep avc liiJti far J. It Blanc.

•• among

fel

ill'

m ^ ^

■ Hi^

If '

1',

; h

«' 1^

W '^ ^

-. A

T/v Difcovcry, Settlement, afiJ Commerce

49i

'• •monp ihrm fi>me which hail Chickrin, anil I ub-
'• krvrd, tli.it tin- Mi.ms i.ir ihnH ciK'-ily. ami 'hry
" luurtcii n>e i<> eait. Init I roulU tu.t emiurc to k-vk at
•' ihcm, ami it wtnt afaiiill my Stomach to lie other
•• Fropl« rat them, (incc they ptellcil mc lu much,
•' that at lalt, not wiiiiiwit ^rcat Avcdion, I re-
•' lolvi-d to i.illc one V I ilul fo, anJ maJc an F.ml of
" It, rinruiiiig very mucli ilut I hail not eaten ot
*' thrill iKtorf, I mull own it, tlut, fince I was lorn, 1
•' luver eat any Thing more jjiral'ant and palatable, and
" I am lonvincrd, there i» nothing in (he World to
•• (om|>arr to it."

'I'hcrr may l«, u\d doubtlcfe there is, a great deal of
Tnith in this RiUtioni ilut is to fay, tlurc is fuch a Bird,
U» Iv^gs are viry large, and tluy .ire eaten av the Author
(leJiriLxs I Intt thin i very thing is lo nun h exat^^' rattd, that
the whole has the Air of a Kalilc, wimh Ihiws ^ilainly to
how little l^lr|H)le large Collections arc made of Huh kind
of NVriterv. lince what they rckiti cannot either entertain
nr indnicl, UiaiiK' it is iin|x)lliblc to read fuch .Stories
witlmut fullKi'tiiig and dillKkving them. But to leturn
to the remarkable Birdi mmtioncd by ilic Modiriis.

Allthe VN'ntcr. th.it h.ive nuiiiiuiKil Mjiajf-n infoim i.s,
that i- > Country m the World prixluces fo many (^)cakjng
Bird.*. \iiUHigll thcfe there is none more extraordinary
than the l^n, which is as big as a i'arrot, but intinitely
nwie UaiitiUil in its I'luniagi -, its Bieall, winch is very
Ltrgc and hi^'Ji Uingtoveicd with bright yellow I'caiheri j
the Wiit^i arc giecn, the. ILad Llack, and Ihinmg with
a yellow Hill, 'l he JiJiiim {^ivc lonutinKs thirty C rowns
fur fuch a Bird, becaule they will learn and fpeak Kverai
Ijr.gtiajv s, and are very tame. There is another with large
auti long fails, lometiiiies three (^lartcrs of a Yard lungi
ihelc are blue vn l\v: Bat.k, and yellow under the Iklly, and
rommtinly lallcd hakkauws, or InMuii Ravens. Another
kind there is which li wince all over, except a yellow luft
Ml the Ile.td, which they lit upright when they are vexed:
They have alfo loinc Keleniblance Iwth in Slu[)e aiul Big-
ncfs to our Mag|>ies, or Black birds i thde imitate a Man's
Voice much more dillir.itly than Parr jf., they are of a
bhirilli Colour, mixed willi itaik purple Spots and Streaks-,
they have a yellow Tuit on the 1 iiad, winch is black, ai.d
4s Imooth as N'elvet *.

1 he K( koy, which is common in the India, is a kind
f>f I leion, I ut much exceeding ours in licauty, bung yel-
low l^ctore, and giecn ov.r ail the tell of its Body. On the
1 lead he has a delicate I'luiiu fprcading all ovt. f.iic Neck -,
the >i)Vii.g oi'.es ea{ toia.ibly wtll, but the old ones e.u
touph, .mil talle niucli o! filh. i he Kolibry is the leall
ol all Birils, Icing no bi(;i;cr than a lioiL-My, it hath a
very Hinip Bill, with wliuh it finks its Sulb name out ot
the I- lowers, tiiough lome are of Opinion it feeds u[K)Ii the
IJcw 1 it has ail the C.oiours ot the Rainbow, and its Wings
are not unl:kc thole of I'igeons or Ducks. It builds a
very nrat Nell to the -South, under the Branches ol Oran^^r,
I.citUin, or Cotton 1 leis, to defend itiill ag.iinll the liiju
rits ot tl.i .Ni.rth Wi.mIs, lis b'g'-;i are no bit,;;fr tinii
IVaic. '1 hcie isanotiur vshuh lings ixceedmgly line, but

■ Uijltirt dt Maca/ar, lib i. '(. 4.

Book I.

rot Co beautifully coloured i it weighs no jnore thin '

Cilains ". '*

1 7. Thcfc Obfervations plainly difcovc r, \\m m P
of the World was b«-tter llucketl wiihulclul, valujb'l, ?"j
beautiliil Creaturer., th.iii the hutiti. 1-or l)imuitk'\
vice, beliden the Ilorle, and the Ats, which arc cinv'
with us in Europ*, they lud tlie l'.lephant, the Canit' j^
the Dromedary, litted in every irlput lor urryum ,„' , ,.
inland Commerce ot that Country, which was ui 4ll\ •!'
very conlideraUe. They had lur the Service of Aaiiir '
ture a very llrong Race «.l black Cattle, and lo, the p;"'
furc of I lunting, they had the finell Dogs tlm *,• ,.^1
of in llillory fur Courage, Si)ced, ami .Strcn^th. 1
their WchkIs were full ot wikl Bead-, tliey had it m ilr
I'ower to lell'ai the NumlHT of tin It p.ncinusi and loti, 1
this to thtir Profit, as well as to ttuir Divcrliuii, tlu.Ski
Horns, Teeth, or other Animal I'ruduaium, luffwy
compenfiting the Trouble tluy took, and the Diui-usili
which they were expoled in the Chac^v

I he Sea that w-irficd ihm Coalt,ai,d the Rivers tlut»j.
tcred their Country, were aliuiidantly luovulcd with I i;i)
fo that no I'copk had either better or greater I'lemy, win i
to the lower loit was a great Relief-, they iikiwilcdrcwi
very conlideMble Profit troni their Kilhtiics, cipccia:y
thole of Piiiple and Pearl, and Ironi the Salcol Icrioic
Shell, which w.u highly valued in thole tinus turitsjc'r:-
table Clearncl's, and tor the Beauty and Vantty u( ;i
Colour;. Tlie Birds and Fowls in the W/./wcrc likc*.ic
of all forts, and all of them the largdl aivi limll intbeif
refpciiivc kinds. The Birds ot Prey, and jaitnuljiiy w
Pelican and the Cormoi. 1 1, were of great Service 1 !urt.i{
former feeding naturally Ujwn Snakes, Si.rpcnt»,ani; other
N'crniin, cleared thcCnirtry ot them in thole Months »h-ii
they weie moll numcroi.i and moll dangeruu? 1 aniJ is lor
the latter, they tauglitthtm in China, and other I'artsol't.v
IhJiti, to catch Kilh, and to bring them to fuch oi ktft
thofe Creatures, as we fhall Ice hereafter in its proper fjit,
As for Gecfe, Ducks liens, and other iJunnllick fowl,
they were, and arc If ill, as common and as cheap as inisjf
Country in the World 1 and ot the beautitul leatiicfiola
Multrud? of other Birds, they made Huts I'mbrtllai,
.Scree r ., and other Utenlils ot excjuif.li: \\ ork.Tiir,ibp,
and at :he lame time ()f great Price.

There is no great Wonder thereiore, tli.it all thMrtitnt
Writers, (uch as Strabo, Pltny, :!r)tan, Plulard'y :tm,
and many othus, Ihould Id highly extol this Cuuntry, afi
1} eak ol eveiy thing found therein Witn AllonilhiiifiiL M
notwithrtanding all this, it mull apjxa' loiiiiwiiat Lr|ri
zing, that the -Antients were ae(]iiamtJd with AniraK
Trees, fruits, and Precious Stun< s, ot the moll iliiu:
Parts ot the Indies, to which without iloubt they niVct
j>etKtrated at all, notwirhllanding what wc lii-.d rifoit ^i «
their Writings ot the lllands ot r,ipfotaiiit, /'dn.ijw. ilif
Country ot the Setfi, and other Pl.icts, whicii nniKn i!
n-Cffiary f»r iis to give a cle.ir Aceoiiiitot th.it I'oint, ivurh
fliall Ik- dor.t 111 the two luueeiling Siaions, wl,ich»i.l
coin hide our l-ibours with rel^KCi to tlr: aiituiu H.iW
ot JiiJia.

SECT

Cha}^ H»

•f the East Indies. • '

"' S E C T I O N V. ' . * .

*^ - -

Jri Aaoutit of the Defcnpjiom left us by the /Indents c the I ajlern ^-v^/ Northern Parti
, f the Indies, the Notions they had of their Riches, ' i ;rtl\ r wif^ m Enquiry into tin
'Riiififis which hindered the extending their Difcovcriii on that Su .

I, // l»i'i Difcription of the Country of the Sinx or Thin;e from mcient Anthers, z. Obf „s emi0lt^

[(.ri'j,oing Dcfriptioti, proving, that this Country liuis the Kingdom fl/'Siam. -;. Of thr h ' .,i If,i/ufs, r .,
ikjcrlhi-d by old Authors ; and more particularly of the famous IJland of Taiuubaiia, an. sir MijLk ■.
J'Uit it. 4. 'This Vuut more particularly inquired into, and the'T^noh-MvA. vf the Andcm i jheun I'i be
no cd'tT than the Ijland of Cgylon. t^. Of the Country called Stricii, and the Nation of tlh jcrc^ fnm {h
bcfl IVritns of Antiquity. 6. An Ol'jetlion ariftng from the Kjiowledge which the Ancients had of tie
ChuKi'i: fully //aled, and clearly refolved. j. A feond Objetiion taken from the Commerce of the ancient
Chiiitll', Jlated and examined. 8. A third ObjeClion from the feeming Difcordancy of thrfe Accounts,
explained ami refuted, o. An Ai count of the IJland of I'iincliaia, and a full Proof of its being abfoluteh
inh'pnary. 10. 'Thehlgh Ideas ichich the Ancients had of the Riches of the undi/eoi'ered Indk'i. j i. Their
Errors as to the PoJ^ilify of r/lablif.ing a regular Com/nerce li-ith thoje Countries. 12. The Caufes 'which
hnpeded their Difcoveriex, and occa/icned the Decline of that Trade -which they usually had to the Iiulics.
I J. •The Conclujion of this Part rf our Subjcit, idth Obfervatiom and Remarks on the principal PajJ'ages
therein.

IN wh.it Ii.is 'lecn ddivfrcil in ili? former Sidions,
Wl' liAVc conlincil ourlUvis to llkli I'oiiits as rc;;.inl
ih.- artiul Dil'covfries of tlic Ancients. But it is no icfs
ii.-dilaiy to give the Reatlir li)iiiv' Accinint of anotlier i'ort
( t l):lloverif s, I mean fiali as were ni.iJe hy thfir Gcogra-
[hrrs w.'io hy the I lelp of fuch Kclatioiis, as were from
I'inif to TiiiK' jiuMillieil ot tlitfe ilillaiit Countries, ami
»,'::,h arc long ai;o lol^, eompileil a fyilo;matical Account
(ji the Ri-yiuiu lionlerin^', iiixjii, ami even of thule that lay
v.ry far heyoml the Gan;^cs. It is, however, certain, tiiat
thiy were Gut very inditftrentiy iiifornu-ii as to tiie C'ourfc
ei this Kivrr; ami Ccllariui ' lorri'ils tlic Milla!<c of ylr-
HK.Iorus in Sirabo, who lays, that from tiic; Mouiitaiiis
CiILii AffWi/y, it runs South .is far :.', t!u- I'own ol (iai:^is,
a"il afterwards lull, bttau;^ it is contrary to tlie Uilcovc-
ri: 5 (if our Tinv.!..

flic lirll remark ilile Town mcntioneil by Plchmy lic-
yi :-;l the furthernioll Mouth of the CnW^es was Pfntapclis,
or r,i;licr this was the Name of a Dilliicl \ next to tliat l.iy
the Kiiiporium, or Mart of I'r.rncur.i, beyoiul the Mouth
tf the River Iccofit'in.i, then the Country calleii jliginUa,
»irh llvcral 'IWns •, next to that lay t.'ie Country of the
B[}':geti, who were Man-e.itets tliir i.\\m.\\ Jii.j\ir.;a aw
Imporiiim. from hence Suiithwanl l.iy the j1urt\i Clir-
hfliii, now Ma!<in,i. On the Well Side of it 'I'aa.la an
I'lnpriiim, and on tlic L'.all ^ide the Cape MaUi-Cokii,
*:th fevf ral Towns ". Many are of Oj inioii, that thii was
5.::r;{fl'i Ophir, w hich f( em:, to be tavoureil by 'Joj'iphus ',
*ho lays, Sdomcn\ Wnils tailed into a Country of India,
firmciiy eallcd, i'lphu^;, but tlien tl:e (JiolUn l.md; i't.
J:rcK lays, it was alto in //;.//.;, liut calls it an llland.

l^Sihri '' allcdges it w.is tiie Mand "Liprcbana, now Ciy-
'■", and foiinils his Conje^lurc upon an Fryinology. But
C-:!,iriiis rtjet'ts as mere Dreams tlic modern Difputes about
Or'Jy, :tnd fees no jult t auf ■ \\i.y the lait r Opinions Hiould
b I .itLr than th.; tormer. I ij »'.iys, the 1 ^n^th ol th'- li'x-
r^'it'on mentioned in the fiercil Hilb)ry lliews, tli.it Ophir
T'lill have biui at a ^.rtat Dillanee liom J\t!rjliiiii, or t!ie
/:y-!::n)i Cnlph ; yi t he is lu.t dilpl'-alld, tliat Jkrhrt lii-
Ihiipui'hes lietwixt the Intlfdii ami th^' Arabi.vi Oihit, bc-
cauL tiv Ciold of Upiir, iuentioned in the Book of Jcb',
cwild rot, becauJy of the I;;noiance ot thole limes, be
fJlily underllord of the Iiuhan Cold. Boihart plates the
'^■rnbiiin OpkirmM the CoUiiffy of the Siib.re.ns, and thinks
tH!.' .-irabs called tlie ly.Suui ():L:r by its Name when they
''■''Civired it. Beyond thi- ChirfomJHS to the Noith lay
I'l' Country of the l.;J'..r, who werel'iratcs and Robbers.
J he Uiver Sclannus iiiiis thiou"h it. Ntxt to that lay

PtokmyS ffintis M.}gmis, in which wrrc Baloi^a .ind Ccr-
jiatha Metropolitan Towns ; and here Ptokmy finiflics the
Maritime Coafl: of hhlia beyond Ganges. The Inland Parts
were i^i oblcure, th.it it is needlefs to infift upon them by
the Situation ot the Country 1 thefe PLices lalt mentioneil
feein to have been in tiiat Kingdom which is now colled
Slum.

2. The next Country dcfcribcd by PtoUmy is that of tlic
.SV//,f, which he pl.iees fartheit towards the b'.alt ol all the
Regions iuentioned by liim, as lyiiifr beyond the Great Bay
or Opening of the Sea, which he lliles Sinus Magnus, aiul
fays, their Country extended very far to the S(juch. It \i
W'.ll obf rved by Cilluriiif, tint this Country is not to be
confounded with the modern Chir.a, althoui'h it re.iche5 as
far Noith .IS vVfT/V.v '. Ptclcmy calls the Country beyond
this to the Fall and South, Terra [nccgnit.:, and bounds ic
on the Wefl by India beyond the Cair^tjs. Mc places about
the Equator the Kibiopcs lehthycphe.j^i, or Filh-eating Ethio-
pian!, and beyond the Equator the River Contiarcs and Ca-
ligara, which ho callsa Haibour of the .S'/«<^. Martiamis
ILracleota * places tiie Sin.e likewife at the Extremity ot*
tlic habit.iblc World tow.irds the Eaft, and next to the Ttira
Inei^Kita, or Country to that lime undifcovered.

It mull be allowed, that all this is very dark and very
perplexed, lb that it is extremely dilFicult to pais any ceriain
Judgment as to tlie Places mentioned. On the other hand,
iiowever, it nuglit to be conlidercd, that even t.'iele darl:
antl oblaiie Accounts are infinitely better tl;a 1 the l-'al'ks
that preceded them, and the ridiculous Stories diat prevailed
of thele Countries and their Ir.habitants in fucceed.ng Times.
If we compare what Ptolemy has written with theconfufed
Accounts that PUny ha.s colleded from ancient Authors, wu
may eafdy dikfrii th.it one contented himlelf with Fables,
anct tranfcribed whatever came to hand, to iliew a ^'ariety
of Reading, whereas tlie other examined very crrfully fuch
Di Icriptions as he receiwd trom the Merchants that tr.ided
in tliefe Countries, and by comparing them with each other,
he [vulien d from tliem furh Lights as enabled him to ilraw
up a lliort .ind impcrfedl Account indeed, but at the faniL-
time fuch an Account as appears very conlormablc to
Truth ; and would appear much more fo, if the Manu-
fcripts of Ptolemy were not incumbered with fo many vari-
ous Rcidings, which renders it extremely diiliculc to come
at the true Senfe of that learned Writer.

In the following Ages again, when Scie)i:e once more
gave way to Table, the World was .-unufed with wild and
ridiculous Accounts of thefe Countries, and he who wrote
the Ihangelt things was read with the greateit Approbation.

' ^iivraph. Amiij. %m. ii. f -.17 1 he r.ifl'lijf in .lilimiJuui, wliicli he carrefls, ia found in ^ir^h; lib. x». p. 494. '' ('•loc^rnpl.'. til: vir.
"("■ 1 'Int. 1. Jjlr. ' Ai.i,.i'.it "Jud.uc. tib.wn. c.ip i. •' i.Voyff/i'). .S'n.T. ' Job xxii. j-J. xxviii. id. ^ If.i.ic. I'lJ'. a^ aliUt

'."■'■'< '•'f 11. />. z-6, 2-f), :u!v',',.i-. an Opin nn vrty prolulile and worthy of Notice, lix thit the Siir of ;h.le ancient Writers aje tiic Siame/i.
Ill- Vf ry Icarni-J hilhop ilmi 10 lui ,«tciiJin)', tl.i. IXnoiiiiiution to the ier'/uinf/:-, the Oichinch-.f,/',, 5:c. but 1 M\ for adhering to l\l>i\i,\ Conjce-
fi^'c llricfy, l)fc.!ulc /'/sAwy OWUS ill btyonU tlltlC unknown. » In I'nipl. Miiri: Erylurni.

^VM». 34. 6 K F«T

ii '

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1, 1

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1 oU

494 The Difcovcry, Settlement, ami Commerce b^^,|^ j

For thij ii • certain anil a |iift C"«>lrrV4ti<)n, ilt.« m tim«of rtl^/fmumlitm M Ir iliffcrcnt from 7«/tf4fM ,,
lunoianfr. what .« motl wu.ulrrlul i. thr IkII ranv«l. and Town, an.l Cai«% mrn.Hmol l.y p„i^ ,„ ,^ , '

«nVfh<T"ri<>rr cnntuirnily Irt itown ai thiti!;N (rrtjin what Moon. I lir I'niinontory „\ tin- Hit.l, i,l /J.o»v;«, «,,
FaMr* I.KVcr tlwy ma *iih r^l4tln^ to ihcU ililhnt IVt» u I own ot tlie Umr N.imc, and (.//.«.»,. CM thc'K,'!

ll.i- known aiul die unknown arr not font.iumlcJ v lull the
Kratlrr is clrarly inloimotl, that tvy-ir,.l luih a l>a<;t th. Ic
iaHcrn toiintrir!! wifc abfohm ly untUiovcrcil, ami there-
lure ihry war proinrly the Ob|rin i)t luturc Inqmrici.

This *as the w.iy, aiul in !n«l the only way ol aiM»irg
at real. c< tt.iin, anl uU Jul KiiowlrJR'- i neither is it to l>c
iloulnc.l, lliat tin- lull Diltov.iy ot tluU lutlrrn CiUiMiicj
woiiM hiv> Uia I'uiUicil, it tlr.- Trovib!t^ ,iiul nilhiri.iiin*
whith KvciwhflmCkl the Remivi Knijiic ha.! not aiualty
ti(lhnyc\i the I'all'.on tor exploiini; iinkiu wn Coiirtrics,
ami ihi M(.i'i> of (^ratilyiMjr it. But \xl'u\s tht Ciiniric^
litiiatiU on the Cor.tincnt, the Antunts luil lotrn Krow-
|(tf;c .illl. of the Illar- !» of h.lj, (Mrtly from th(;rov,n

Comnurcf, an' partly fiom t!n- K' porn of thr li.di.im, take* thnr (Mr^ft tn In th; l.it
w.tli wliom tiny tiaU-il on tlr; Mam ; ami thrrclorc of jus, or Ptnu'Lia ol Mniucai.

Mtigri^mmiim.

niny\ ljhn,i t>f ibt Sun it dilTcrent from tU »|,|,l
other* pUrc ix.u oV./rcAi and (Urmma, and low,!,,,.;
It to l-c Ccn. I'ttlmy rnkoni in tii; Buy of GW^e.
Iilaiul liazinaia \ anJ lai fmin hcnir I'outhward.uiHliniiJ
lipuitor, the l/knd if t^tc.i iouunc -; aiidniartlw! era-
Bay, aj',u'''l tlx- Couitiy of t'.r .Vjhw-, h.' placij t:;j t! r^j
Iflmdi «/ lir S.i'yn ; and liuni limif louihwarii I't
liland «it yi.UiHii, w'.ii'i priK'iicfd (iol.!, a, J wb,ii
Ca; it.il w.,' naiiud ..r^m.-a, CtlUnit: rorneu Siffb»ui
lor nuking thi-. tiif McirojKjiis ot 'Lipmbaua. ,\Kk'\
Authors iiu.itiou l< vera) oti.ir I(l.i;id4 in thcic I'lrt* ; ha
CtlUriui looks ii|hii\ many of ihrni to he fibulout,' i-J

tlitic »i' ;ae next to give fomc Auour.t troni the lan-.e Au

thoriti^'s.

^ Pld'-ii.i plaits the Illandj of the exterior In.lta Ix--

twixt tlu Mouths of the /«./«J and OVMf.'i. Thus i'l the

B.iy of Cen:hii> lis liiira>f, anil from tlunte to the Bay of

('LUkti, .\ti.':z.^^fri.', lieptamjia, r rcntiJ, 'Iri.fjJira, 'iri-

ntda, lAua, ^I'cnif^ns \ ami in ilie Bay of Aryans the

Maiui dry. 'InpreUHa, whith is the nuliltrt anil iarfvlt

tt all thi lOards in tliis S:m, i'. placed by Pidfvn between the inj^h/h Rtaiier.

ihe B.iy of Ciiibii an.l /ir^aris. I'he Ancients dilVcred In ti.e lirll Place, tin n, I lay it ilown as a Thinj; rcrti.ii,

nuich .»!x;ut its Siituion, lunie placinf^ it near the C'onti- that the Niiueof 1 nprctanj was ion;', knun,. ' / th( .\i;.

rent, others twenty Uays5>ail from it •, and Ibmequrlhoned tunts Ivforc tliey had any t)i)iH)niinity oi beiiif?, aciiuointfil

whether It I. as an Iiland, or the Bci^inninj', of another Con-
tinent, partiiulaily Mila ' •, though Ixrtore hini it w.is gene-
rally rn koned an IHand, as ap|)ears liy Dicxyfiui in his /V-

ritxfia', whi.h the Ixarncd agree to have been writ in tlic

Time of .lugujlus.

S nbo ' compared it to Bri:ain for Dimenfions : Pliny ',

in his Account of the I'mbalTy which the iniiabitant^ Cent

to Claudius Crj'itr (lupjioring the llland hr rj>raksot '/'.j/ra-

hiai lays, it contain. d live hundnd Towns, and that

P>iUf:mu>idiim thc.r (."a) it.il, and the Si-at ot their King, had

two hund.iul tluufand Inhabitants that th(y had a I-ikc

caiiid Mfi'.jh.i of j-^ Miles in Circuit, whicfi lOiUaineil

f'lveral Iniittul Illamis and lint out two Rivers, one of

which tell with tliree Mouths into the Harlvi'.ir of 1'al.rfi-

numlum, tI4.it in Ibnie Places was live Stadia in Uu.uiili,

and in others liftei n ; this i Iarl)Our lay in the South .Side of

the Ifla.Ml, and they had another on the North called

Cidara, luur Days tail from Ind-.a, the llland of the Sun

Ix-iiig m the Midiile betssixt them. i'/c/fW/y pLices it nearer (J.iiulius, was 'I'tijr:,l iina \ which, however, we hivciiii-

the Contiiiint, .-ind thout^h he makes it very long, and ex- proved, as t'le Kr.ulM lusalnady ken. fitncc it wu

tends it U yond the l'.quator, reckons but thirty Towns in that lui h ditlirent Aecouns weie given ot tlusP-J'^ti

it i nor does he lay any thii g of the gre.it I -ike, nor ot the one Author aliiriiiing it luar tiic Continent, another «»

Town ar.d River I'ala/imundum, .\\\ wh:< li iKiafioned the gre.ir DilUncefrom it, .luording .is they affixed the .NiMt

I farned to doubt wh ther Ins and Plin)\ Tiipri.l\.n.i was of Tafrclaitj to this or tli.ii Ill.md wuiih haJ bc«niiiin>

t!ie fame -, and though mull .igrec now, tliat hiprcl'una vcred in their Times

was Cr/lcn, yit others will h.ivc it to be Hiimalr.i : But

Salmujtu!, Boiharl, and I'ljfius, think it is Ceylon, it Ik--

ing increilibic that the Hohmhs or AUxundnans ever tailed

lu t.ir as Sumatrti.

Cellariui thinks alfo that Pldimy'', Tapiobant wxs Cey-
lon, though he placed it too far .Soi.tii, and extended it
beyond the Equator. It was anciently, as many Authrjrs
affirm, called hijitla Pul.rfimuiidi, and Salij; and the In-
haliitants SaU. Vet Ibme, as is laid Ixlore, will have

4. In the Ix.iiiiination of ihcfe Point', I have hii'ifro
followed other VN rittri', and reported their Scniimfntnin
the Subjiif, lor tiie Rv.uler's Intorinaiion i but is I m
afraid that what has Ixreii hitherto f.iid, will apiiear a hi;,;
dark ai'.d jx-rplexed, I think it iii.iy not be amis i,t:i-
deavour, by a due ConipaiiKni ot i«it», to liiid oa:i:.e
Truth i aiul, without an unnfuflary D.lplay ul Ijti-ni;;:,
let this lefniingly lonlulul Matter in the tlearill b'luia

with the Com. try itielt •, and as iluy were toklin gir,pij,
that this Ill.ind w.is very lar!',e, tJioroughly iahabit..!,
.tlxiunding not only with all the Necillams amlCunvir;-
ineies (i\ I.ile, but alio with Spiccs, pncwus Stonn,
(loltl, and otiu r rich CumnuKlitic-., they were vrry ilc-
liiuiis ol knowing it more [Hituffly ■, ,ind thertforc, whffl-
<ver they met with any Accoiii.ts ol an Ilund iiuV /<•
diiiH .Sea iliat was fictile, pkal.uit, and aliouniiinq widi
mil ComiuiKlitu s, they immediately pronowitcd i! .'i/'s-
ianj, of whuh tli y had hianl l'< much.

Thus that Maud, wliiiji w.is vilited by Imtuliu,d
whii h we havi iKfore given a l.irge Account, was, wilVji
I lefitaiioii, taken loi 'lnfiol'.in.i ; tlioiigh the .Author o(
that Voyage does (.ot iii.'iiriall it l'>, or delcribc it in luiii
a Maiiiui as to jiitbly their Siippolltion, when thuruugbl)'
conlideted. In like inanner, Plny makes 110 Scnipic ot
alfdting tiiat the iilaml a huh .Inmus Flccamnhkwcni,
and from whence l-nduliadors were lent to the tmpcrof

I muifronfefs, it Icems very proliabli', that fomcoftit
more an> ient \\r:tr'., I'uch as Dnny^its, StrMt '■'\
Pliny, when t.'icy I] ..ik as Geograj-hers of the IitoJiJ'
I'liprobiinit, 111! an the true llland lo calii-d, that is ii*
inand deliiiivil l.y Ptolemy, but as for the Illindd.lco-
vcred under the Keign oi'ClauJiin, which was firll ""-J
PaU/imimMii, ^u \ alterw.irds Sj.iui, it was not Tdjfi-
bana, but an Maud at the MwUth of the River h^*:-

whi'Ji li,

lad bei

V .\ I.

n long Uloiv ki-.ov.n to, andexanimcJl'l'
- Ul rriiO,!,,, hh ui. (nf vii, where, however, hi. mcnuoni ihii a» the Scntimril ot fl.-f-f-'ni ' Pfititt. //r/g;! wlfi''""''"

'.31. A. I have betou- given tlj» Aiwuiit kl Uigt, 1 oii'y iiicjit; uii lo iujlI. ol it l^cte as ii ncciirarv to tuiiiictl tiic Uuiourfc. "" •"id- "'/"^^

Chap. n.

of the East Indies.

Ji.txnitt the Hrrat \ mil 1 ronrcivc tli.it tlie ailing of
', iiijn,! hy the Niinr of 'UfrohMta, wat tlic printiptl

495

aiMllon o» .ill the Millakri ami Conlulion th.it hat been
I'llcovfml II) rubfequtnt AccnimtJ.

But M for *hc 'Impre^na, which Siraht nKntioni very
, lufioully, anil, a^ a Writer ifraiil of offeiulinn tfie Truth,
jiiil wimh /'/(/(•"iji more largrly dcfcribej from the Ac-
iliiint* that were lurrcnt in hi» Time at AttmtnJria, it ii
moll likfly "' I* '^"^ in»nil ol CiyloH. I Otall not trouble
ijic Kfatlcr with a long Account of the Rcafonj wlmh
rtlur Writer* luve alligned for thi^ Opinion, but content
niylili witli Kivinu hini 4s liicrinfUy ai I lan, the Mutivci
whiih liivc iihUkciI mc tu believe tlut the lllanili Taprt'
l'.:ia iiil Ceylci are the fainc. In tlie firll I'latc, the Situ-
uiiin of farii:l'aini, a, Uiil ilnwn by I'lo/'my, agrees
very well with that of the Mam! of Cnlon. He nicn-
imisfoiir I'Ut in iaprchna, ami li-ts down their la-
tiiulcs thu» iit' M.irt, or I'.injiorium ut ia/attni ii«
io', Ni>l*diya ' jo', Miiujrramman, wliicli wai the Mr-
(ropiiM of the Illaiul, 7" iu\ thf B.iy ot PrafoJtt i« o'.
Tlic Kll iiiixirrn Map* lay liown the Illand of Ctjton,
fiumonc tu ten Degrees of North l-»titikle, the Capital
(t the lliami lying very ni.irly in the lame I'olition with
('lit *liiih Pliiony has a(Ti^;ni-i! it. In the ntxt i'laic, t|jc
Anii'nts lay tlut fuprol/una was famous for proJiuing
the ut;; II liru'il of Kliplianls wliich is true of d-ylon,
wiicrct.i.' t.liphants .".re aiknowleiii'.cil to be the largrll
I'd rtidi.gcrt ill the ImiitJ. 'J'hirilly, inpetana was te-

libutcci fur it* Spite* j ami in CtyloH there are lountl not
only (iint^rr, IVj'i'n, ami Cardainunu, but Cuin.imon
allu is the llaplr Comniodity, and is very juflly elleemtd
ilic lindl in till.- World. Fourthly, there are laid to have
kn ibunJaiiic of precious Stones in this Ifland of TVi-
irdjit.i; aiui, except Diamond*, all Sorts of Jewels arc
luuml ill Co/"", and narticularly Rubies, Topazes, and
S.ipliiris, die bell in all the InJiis, Ijllly, 'lapretima u
(tlibratul lor its great I'crtility in various Sorts of Corn,
.111! this tiHi, may be adlrined of Ctylan, where they have
n.it only live Kiiuls of Rue, wliich ri[)en one after anodier,
hit alio light other Kinds ot drain, of which they m.ike
t.thcr Brcid or Oil. On the wliolc, thirtlijre, when wc
confiilcrthat all the Variations in tiu- Accounts p,iven us by
the Ancients ot the Ifland of liiprclana, may be lb laliiy
a.Luuntcil !or •, and that this lall and clcanlt IXdriptioii
ly Piolcim, is lb reconcileabic to the Accounts we have
tl Gv&», I lie no Rcaiuii why we Ihould not acquiclcc
in the Sentiment of the learned ycj/ius, that the Taprobana
ot the Ancient* is the Ceylon ot the Moderns *.

It may, indeed, be objcded that Ptolemy extends the
Iik'.d 01 Taprokina fouthward licyond the Line, which
t'-xs not, by any Means, agree with Ceylon \ but I an-
fw:r to th.s, that Ptolemy Ibmetimes ules the plural Num-
Ikt, and mentions the Iflands of leifrcl/iinn ; fo that it is
not imiH>fiii)le that lie might include ibnie ol the Maldives
imtlcr tlut Name. I do not lay that this is certain, but
tli.it It is poinble, and, I might add, probable too j becauli:
fiiicc the Ancients were acijuainted wit!i the Se.i in
which the liland o\ Ceylon Hes, and tlie Coall tliatisojip-
fitc to it on the Continent, it is not eal'y to conceive how
ihiy couKl be abfolutely ignorant ot fo conliderablc an
IiUnd, whieli lay diretUy in the Way of all the Commerce
carried on in tiiis Part of the liuiiei. On the other flaiui,
il th: Ancients were really acquainted with Ceylon, as it is
very improbable that they ihould not, this furnilhes us
With a new Argument, and, indeed, tlie llrongefl Argii-
mrat ot all, tliat their Taprobana was our Ceylon ; lor, if

il wij not, it is mod certain th«t the Anci-nts have lift
ui no Account of any iiluul tlut rrleinble* it, *hiih w •
I'iccc ot N>gligriicc of a Nature dirrilly oppolite to their
ul'ual Kiu^knels *.

5. It is to be obfetved farther, th.it exi rnt T.iprtbtin^,t\\e
Ancients do not nicntion any Ill.imUon the Coall of InM.i
of any Confcijucncc i and from hence it 1* plain, tint
they were not aciju;uiiicil cither with thr Jaigi r or lelfer
Illaml* that lay faither to the l-iall. It ii necellary, tiicre-
fore, that we Ihould return once more to the Continenr,
ill order to mention another IuIItd Nation, very famoui
ill Antiquity. Thefc were the Strii k and their t ountry
is by Pialfmy called Siriitt, which he reprefents ai bordir-
iiig upon Seytbia v lb tlut according to his I)i li ription,
this Country of Sirica lay thus. On the Well it waa
bounded by Seylhia beyond Mount Imait]. On the North,
and on the lull, by Countries unknown j on the S<nith by
InJia, beyond the Ganges. Ficltmy mentions many Re-
gions into which this Country is divided, and abuiulancc
of Cities in them, in all which he has befii copi'.d by
many fucccedmg Writers \ but it is not eafy to lay wliac
I'art of the higher 4fia they have dcfcribed under the
Name of Seriui r

Many of our Criticks arc of Opinion th.it 5.t/Vj is tlic
northern I'art of Ciiin.^, which m.iy p.jllibly b- true j the*
in that Cafe, it is not very accurately delcribcd, Bi^ the
Accounts they give us ot the People, arc much llroiiger
and better Proofs, that by the Herei they meant the Ci<i~
n<-fc, than any that tan be drawn from the UeHriiition of
their Country. I'lie Sens, lay they, were a People th.nc
Ijjoke a L,anguagr peculiar to themtelvt.., and vny^utlural,
which is exactly true of thv Cbiiiej'e. 'I'liey were very jull in
their Dealings with Strangers, but had a very odd Way
of carrying on Commerce j for tliey took all the (Joodj
that were brought them, without giving any Tliiiig imme-
diately in Exchange: Yet, afterwaids, tlity tully latif-
fied the Strangers for what chey had thus taken, in their
own Commodities. Th,;., as we fliall hereafter Ice, was
likewife the conllant P- taice of the Chinej'e, as it Hill is
of the y.iponeft. It is dio affirmed of the Seres, that they
were the firll Manu'.i.:hirers of Silk, that they were,
generally Ipeaking, doathcd in that M.-»nufaiflure, and that
tliey made then l-jichangc either in Silk or in Goods
made of Silk, which agrees perfedlly well with the Prac-
tice of the Cbineft. So that, on the whole, wc have no
Rcalbii to doubt that the Serts and the Chinefe were the
fame I'eopic ; elptcially as all the ancient Writers agree,
that the Seres were extremely fond of their own Country,
very diffident of Strangers, and not inclined to travel,
whieli are all of them Circumllanccs very applicable to the
Inhabitants of Cbinn, before their Country was liibdued
by the Tartars 1.

It mull, however, be confefled, th.it tifere are fome Va-
riations in thel'e ancient Accounts, and that feveral Writers
mention Circumllances that do not lb well agree with the
Chinefe as thole that have been related ; and yet there
feems to be no jult Cauli- from the Confideration of thefc
Miltakes, to rejeiJt the Matter of Fadt, which, from the
foregoing Circumllances, appears to be fo well tbunded •,
for, if we confidcr the Contradiftions met with in mo-
dern Writers, and particularly fuch as have treated of
this Country, inlie.id of being furprifed at the Millakcs
of the old Cieographers, we may jultly wonder, that
their Ivrrors were Ii) lew, and of lb little Confequence -,
more tlpecially, if we relied on the prodigious Ditlercnce
between their LiiilUi and ours '.

' 1 have bten guijrd !ii my Rrmarlu on thU Subji-il, by compjring the Tables of Pio!em\ with the l)f (1 modern M.nps, and the r.irt'ciilirs men-
liined ofthi) libnj by ancient Writers, M,i[h the Ki-iii.irlii ni.idc by Mr kabnf Knox, wlio \rts nuiiy Vtars on the llUiid, .is well .is thul'c of Ri.
II", J Ptilufttfz', \\\\a likcwilc relidcd (or a gre.tt while in Crthn.

" In Plilimy't Caljlo^iic of Umow Citie<, with iheir l.ongi'tuJea and Litiludes, which n very accurately publifhcd in the third \'o!uinc of Dr.
HtdMt Lolleciion of the ancient (Jnit ijcograpliers, PioUmi ules the plural Number, and leenii to in lU ■l,if>'l'u>:,i the iliicf of feveral lllands j
»fiJ It i; rciiurkablc, that our firll \ oy.igci to the F.tilt- Iniiifi, allett, that the liitle I'rinces of the Mnldivti uete fubjeil to the King ot Cyion.

' A.. />;./fm, was forced to lupuly, fioiii his own Judgment, tirc Situatit ii of the Kegioiis lie nientioiii j and as all the M.ip.. dra\^n from his Ta-
Wn. depend liktwife, in a great meafure, on the relpccUve Judgmcntt of thole who drev them, ilic Rcider canno: but dilcern the Realonableneli
ot what I have aflertcd in the Text. , . ^. ... ,,

' All this Will be fully julUlied in our fiiccciding Colleiiion of Voyages, which, by their beirg p!r.ced in the proper Order of Time, will enable
'lie Rtadcr to underlland this Matter |)er«ealy, and to fee clearly the fruih of thelij Oblervations, which are not intended to lelfcn the Credit of
'tie Ancients, but to teprefent Things as iheyre.illy are. •, , .

'This Ditlircnce chielly conClls in their Writing, from the Memoirs picked up by their .Vlerchantsfrom the Reports ot the /wrf.a/ti ; whereas wc
«e our Accounts not only from fuch lu have aciailly vilited thel'e Countries thenifclvcs, bus Iroiii thoic i\ho have refidcd there many Ytars, anti
»"»e had all poUiblB Opportuiiitiei of knowing tt« itiU wluch they relate.

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496

7/A' I)tilo\ej\-, .Scitlcmcnt, r/^.-/ Commerce

Hook

contrary wt fii'.iiM tr.t.inglo tiir.) la new Doubts, aiu! leave iiniiccfllary, litKC Plchim liinililf' iV,;'cruioii(ly o-rri'tV-

Jiiin iij on tlv; w iiol;- i:i .it lc-.i(l as prcat Obiairity a-> v,c iourul Ixyoml tin.- Cmjitry ot tlu' Siu.r^ or '■U'n:.?, wlur;, ,^ „''

hiin. T!„'.t tlu5, i-.utwitlifLitHiiiiiZ, 1^ very tar Irom o»ir In- tainly the King<lom ui Siatii, they knew nothin"toi!r I'l'-

tfntion, aj)pe:ir? plainly from th; Tains already takiii, and at nil. "^ '" '
From our llatinp, thi> Obji clion iVIly and (airly ■, and it i)Vi;.',ht
likewife ro pai<; i r .1 llroiic; I'lllimony ot our ainiiiij; at

at nil.

It is nioft evident from tlicfe Obfervations, that v.e h^Vf
done tlv Uru'lell Jiillicp to the Anii'M , l),,:h v;j|!; j,{'..:.
to the \'oyaires ma Ic by them, .ml th.- Ulrs they nijVp
the Knowledge derived iVoin ihuxe ; aiut!uvdhcw.""|>4
inlbad ot tryatinf', thrirln^jfrraphieal DdWijitiunsw:!h'cv.
tempt, as Ibnie liavc dor.-, on yUcount of the ir.;nv Mf-

tfnti
fro

Jikewife r'< [

Satisfacli'iu in this Point, that v.'e To Ireely niei.tioii ilie Dit

fiaiiti;s that <Miir in the IxfCiition ol this I 'iidertakinj;.

In eniti' totheckar Solutii^n ol this Toint, it is neiellary

to ivmcmbrr, that in this.Scdion we do not han.'le the ac- _ . ^ ^^ ^

roal Difiovfries of the Aiv.iints, but the Aceoiints given takes in tlieni, we oii^ht ratlicr to ap: !.;u.! tluir D

l^y th<ir f.leogr.ipliery, which are very dirirn lit things. We

Aipp )j<', anrrrable to the Ixll 1 iirjus that Anti^iuity anbrd*-,

that the AnciePts never actually Liileii taniier than the

Mo'.ith-, of the C.:K^^e.', aiu! that they ir,ij;!it doby roalliny;

ruin. I Cape (.cjwrr/w, and fo along the Coall of CorcniitfJd ;

niirher is it very probable th.it tlicy madi many Wiyages lb

iar, but r.ni'irr t'lat the bell Fart uf their Knowledge was

iierive<l fnni Travels m.vJe by Land through the Countries

that lie between the Rivers Indus and Gdni^a '.

V^C'A this Stippnfitlon, all that they have written may
be Very well actoiinted \\>t, and the I'er-iiii.ij; DitVcrences
bctwan what is related in the turegoing Sections and this
very itfily reconciled. 'I'o make tiiis Matter ekarcr, we
will examine in their n.inir.d Order the Seas mcnriuncd by
nncient Writes, whii h will in a great meaUire enable us to
exirirat.- ourlllvcs froin thi!"c IJoubts. In the firll place
then thty navii;ati.' the Mar: t'.n;bi\riv>t, whieli lies Intwee.T
t'ne .frtitian {h>\yh, and the opjxjfite Side of IrJia ; and
having in their Lommetce clun heani of 7'.ipni/ati.i, they
were Kd into mny Milbkes aSoiit that Illan 1, till by de-
grus their Vefu Is iaiing on t!ic Coaft of Malab.Tr in doub-
ling Cajx* Cemain, difeovered. Crilo",, which \'< t:ie trii:
Tnfnl-tiin. I^h;: (fulpii of firn^a! wa; t!ieir M.'c Eoutn,
an ! t le up XT J'.iic of it tov/ards tlie C(;ntinent Sniui Gitr- m uie mu lining uic.i perpu.vej .-riiinj.its ir.aiuy

X^'i'i", . r t!ie B<y of the (hnj^f, bec.e.ile the Moiuhs o\ one (V.jeaion the Means is alforde i of r-iifim;

th.'.t River fell intij this B.iy. 'Ihc G.ilph el Siam was thur and that j>erhap", no Icfs fprriciis th.tn the former. Itirr.
'^'""" A"?X''-''-'» ^f f''"'"' ''^■'y ; Init this they kn-w by I kar- in fhoit k- faid, that from -the Account we fiive of !.'■:
Uy only, their Navigation never ext.-nding thither.

li\;t tt may Iv ilema.-.di 1 what I'roof there i-, of this ? To
whi^li 1 anfwer, all that the N.ituie of the Subiec't will admit
afiriii.uive and nigitive. As to the i"ir(l, ft is | Inn they
rev. r Wen dioroiiglily ac.uiaint. i with the Mand of T^irro-

in making the bell I'lcof the Ma:.ii.ih i.n their I'.v,..
and tlurtby furnilliingto Ihch as •,rc thur prot-.lfd .'VV;!
rcrs Very plai:!;Me .Argun.; :,:> ler ii;aintJi,,;e, thatthcA"-
cients knew ainioil as mueli ol tiiefe Coiiiur.v, .-..ourfclvM
Indeed, while tliey Ijx-ak in geinr.d Tcr.-nsor.ly, theyjc-.,,
to jiirtity this 0|Mi,ion •, for they allure uSj tlutthish:!:-!
Part of the World is inhabited by tl;e FuJiin:, ih? ye,':
and the Satliam \ that is, in the I.an;'.a;;;(." c! t.>M'.
derns, by tiie Iiidiiw.', the O."*.'?, .nn,! thovVr.'.;,'-.', v;!!k,'i
is viry triR' •, but when tiny endeavoured to aObn':;
Bour.ds of the llveial Couturies which thof.- iN-'to:!! irh-
bit, they fliew us pl.iinly, that they ilii! not u:'..!trl!a-i
what they tl-,emfelve.s laid, by their brirgirr; the fiiVi
almoft AS far as the diHj't's, ,i:\A pUcing r? voni! liicm j
Race of Mar.-caters in C/::iia jirojicrly fo cjllal. Join
up all, arul anfwer the Olijce'tion in few Word', tht .A:-
Count-- left 11-^ by the Ar.cients do not prove r'latta-yv;!^:-!
.my I'ait of the InJiei beyond the G..'."»<7, thoirrh th; !?•
fon.iations llay received in their Comnxrcc t.n.ibleiit.'ir:;
Cieographcrs to lay down Tables of a tewotSirCoupt.-iti,
abo.it whi( h, however, they were niiiih inilhken in tr.;;
ConjeeTures.

7. It may very prfTibly hnppen, a' it very o!tn 'r',
in the d.ilai/Ting iueh perple.ved .Subj.e'"ts that by rcr."'';;

Knowledge the Ancients h.id of the !>crfs, \vh;r;i«:d;'v
t'l lie the Chiiup, We .idniit th.it iIkv h : ! extfndj the:
IViminions v.ry inueh Invond what thi-y pfllTcA at t:;:s
n.iy ; .vn\ a^ great Co'iciuelb, are cv.der.t I'rueih ut f xtnc

lonfills in making t!ie Def< ription given us by the An.i.r.r?
nconfilknt withitlelf, and by overturni;!': ih.it, oiir.b

Yet the Situation oi the- prin ipal I'iaees he mentions therein

aren.t rc-MignavtroTimh, fo that the Weft ami North , - ,

c-''"!''* •Ii"'"'"'" '"'' ••^'-''y '^'^o*" '" '"■' Time, but not the fwer to the lormer Objection will Iv overuird alio.
iiouth. Ux'-M'lint, very im|>cife<'tly, if at all -, and Now to this I anb.ver, tiiatthe Matte: oH ad, wludi:'.
tJ_iere ure t.ie AW;.-?-! and JkxiwJnam h.i 1 not pu!lieel tlieir thar the ChiHr'^ were known to the Aneier.ts hy thfNjw
Com-v rce very far on this Si.U , mu h I. fs nuo the Siius of the S,re', has been clearly made out ; am! t:i-;rctcrc t^"^

-ir.-X'i.-.':, or Bay o! .S,.v«,. This appears from the very

Name, which u; Joubrce'ly was given it from .i Notion that
ir w.,« -. very w -«,• fprramng Sea, whereas in Kaft it is much
n.irr.nvir tli.in the :•«.., <j\:nytuHs.

lAs to the n-Rative Prcoh;\hey are ftronger and moR' in
.^um^y•r: I-or in e.rder f. have failcHJ into the 5/fi«j A/,;?-

; 2?i,l^" *"",f *";''> ^''' "• ""'d O" "■■ "'«(^-'. «hi.t .sr l,avr ,<,ruW Ok! of Mr,r^!n,r, .nd r.l.rr I'c,1.h», wl-ole Nrg.-cut:c™.KH'
ihZ-\'t; ' '^*" '' ""' "' '^ '^' "'•'' '"' "■' ^'l i-'t'-- 'W/ h.a imo U,c mU.^u vf U.».; ■- e.v.i.e., .^i.-l C'-v .»tu,r.rn ^ u.

4 . Pr^

is no ree-eding from that, let its Confe(;iienees l-ewh.it I.M

3!i!y t'le .\-

Chap. II.

of the East Indies.

49 X

p,jrr(v that is, in all Probability, tliofe Countriis Wtic CuIj.
■Ji anil tributary to them. It is likcwili- very prDlwhlc,
that tli'Y wtrt Mailers of Tibet, or ihihtt, liuiii wliriirr
it will li'll"*> that whoevtT trailed in the Cuiintiit'it iirar
ths MtAith of tlu' Kivcr Ganges, miglit very wrll olnaiii
foiiic iiiih 'liifli '"^d ini|)trU-ct Relations of tlu' AV/vj a't
thole arc ^^llic!l the Ancients luve left ui t ami U|u)m tin)
tXciiiun I Ihall not fcniple to advance, that ihiii l)«ik-
iiflsaiul Iniiierfti-lion, inilead of being lonliiliied m M.irkii
ot t'JftiJ«l« ""S'" '" reality to pals for hixiti. ul their
being true i for it plainly apjiears from a Mgltittule dl ln-
ibnecs. whiih we luve already given in thi» Wcvk, ilmt
not only the (.'Jfinffe-, but the Indiaui alio, were viiy little
iiKlinid to let Strangers into the Uiilories ol their Chiii-
tTK's or into the Secrets of their Governmenta i aiut llierc-
fcrc'it wa» very natiual for futh as cmleavoureil to iiiitke
Inquiries into il»efe Matters, to report things (liHlitly 4iul
uiiutrfectly. VVc may be the better fatislied of this if we
conlidcr, tlwt it apjiears from all the Accognt* (»f the /«•
ii(s publilhcil by the Ancients, that thel'e Countriti were
(xircinely populous, fuU of Urge Cities well furtilied, And
a great Number of Sea-ports, in which a great Truilc wan
diivcn anwngrt themfelvcs ; thefe Particular* plainly prove,
that, however barbarous their CuAoms ought appear to
Strangers, yet within themfclves thefe l-aftcrn Nationn wrre
pcrftdly well poverned, and in the Ihift Scnlc of the
VV'ord thoroughly civilized.

What ftrvis chiefly to confound us is our confulrfing
the Mans of thole Times in the fame View that ihcy
are reprclented to us by modern Travellers, which » what
wc oupht not to do i for though it be realbnablc, ttiul ift
that Light we have made ufe of it often at a prolialilt! Ar-
giimtiit, that the Accounts given us by ancient Writeii of
W.ves burning tliemfelvcs with the dead Uotliei of their
Hulhands, the Br»chm4ns living in a kind of Colleyirfie
Sutc, and the whole People lieing divided into Triltei, mx
true, bccaulc in a great mcafurc we obferve the fame tiling*
among the Indians at prefent, yet it does not lollow that
in every refpeit the modern Indians rcfeinblc their Aiu c-
llyrs. On the contrary, we ought to relledt, that the Ac-
Qounts we have from the Ancients, refer to the lirll and
fiounlhing Ages of the Indian Principalities, when tlicy
Wire abfolutcly free ami indcpendant, when their I'hilolix
phy WIS pure and fublime, their political Cunllituiuins in
their full Vigour, their Laws wtdl lupported, uiul (hu*
roughly executed, their military f'.ltublilluncnis lu well nd-
jullcd to the Kegulation ot thev civil AHairii, (hat ill tiiiK'i
ot imminent Danger, they were at)lc liiildenly (o fct wn
bot Armies fo puifliint, that their vi ry Countenance was
biiiuCDt to teach the mod ainbitiouii Princes Movlcradoti \
J< was the Cali: of /Hexander, and luine m^ hil Succrllor*.
Ihe hditm, therefore, in thole Days, were another loi t tif
People than the Juditins known to us i ami though the latter
may Uill retam in Ibmc mcafure the Nluinerj of the Itniiur
Ul privare LiJe, yet in tlwir publick Conduct, tlity tan
lurmih us with no idea of their Progcniioiii. in lew
Wonls, thoiijTii ilu-y have prcfe.-ved (uinc ut tlicir Cu-
ftuins, tiicy have lott all their Spirit.

It IS th.- lame thing with refpeift to the Cluneft, they arff
no longer what they liavc liccn ; and if we admire the VVil
dom ot their pnitiit Govcrnnwnt, and the wiimleilul
tuclncfs with which their AlVairs arc aditunilU'fed, wc
oiig'it io conceive much higher ami more in.ignilicnil No-
Hum of their Power and Splendor in fuMiur J iiiuii. 'J'liat
Aiairacy and Regularity which llrikes us Id much at pie-
lent arc no more than the Remains of thufe InlliuKioni
which took place when their Empire was much greater and
more [jiurious than at this Day. It ii true, that wc have
feciiyed from the MiHionaries, great Lightu with regaiil to
tk' Cbmefe Hiftory •, but wc are very far from having any
«hi:^g compleat in this kind, even at this Day, We have
only ^'.tneral and Ihort Accounts of the Kevolulioiu that
have hajipcncd in tliat Country, and of the CunquelU made
01 its frontier Provinces \ no wonder therefore that wr arc
not lxtt;r acquainf.d with the Conquells made by tlieiii,
>^l Vit, as 1 hinted above, we do not want Authoniy to
I'ovc, that t!ie Cbmefe actually extended tluir Power inio
U'lintrics that might make their Fame known to the /iltti'
f.inan Traders ; and perhaps in iu proper I'lacc we Ihall

lie able to account for their rclinquilhing thofc Con-
quelh.

Here, liowcver, it is fufficient to obferve, that it ap*
wars Very clearly from what we know of the Chinefe Hi-
lory, thai there was u conftant Fluftuation in their Poli-
ticks, and that fometimes a Spirit of Dominion, and at
others a pacilick Dil'pofition took Place -, and there arc
extant, even in the modern Languages, Difcourfes ad«
dieHed to the Chiiieje Kinperors by their Minifters, ex-
horting them to be content with their hereditary Coun-
tries, and rather contraift their Power than extend it, that
till y mi(',ht \:ij'vt:m with gicatcr Eafc to themfelvcs, and
witfi P.iI'/l'I'. iioie benelkial to their Subjcfts. After
thefe Kv li( dtioi.j, it wiil Le ealy to undcrftaad how the
Aiuienis cm;- to know lb much, and, at the fame Time,
fo little of tiicle Peuole. It was theu penetrating fouth-
waiil aii'l wcllwaul, u tt pave the Ancicr.cs an Opportu-
nity ol ku ii\iiig ai:/ tiiinj, of them at all, Imce it is very
certain, that if they had been always rellrained within the
Bounds of China, ftriftly fo called, they would never have
been hcaril ot j and therefore thefe Accounts, inftcad of dif-
trciliting the Fafts before-mentioned, when thoroughly
looked into, and cooly confidered, carry in them the higheft
I'fobability, and the mod evident Marks of Truth. I'liat,
upon lMU|uiry, the Ancients being informed that the Coun-
try, which is now called Thibet, was under the Power of the
Sires, Ibould, from thence conclude it the native Soil of
thole People, and their Geographers be induced from
thrncc to give it the Name of Serica, has nothing in it
Ilrangc at all, any more than that they fhould imagine that
the Metropolis of this Country was the Capital of th?
Strit, and the chief Scat of their Empire. Thus it is
hoped this Difficulty is entirely taken away, the Credibi-
lity of the Teilimonies before allcdged, fully edablilliedt
and the Difference between the ancient and modern Geo-
graphy oi thefe Countries rationally accounted for, with-
out olVcring any Injury either to the old Writers or the
new, and conleqiiently what is laid down in this Section,
perfec'lly reconciled to all that lias been afferted in the
lormcr.

8. There Is a third Point in reference to this Subjefl:,
which rc()uircs fome Attention, and then I think we may
fafdy proceed. As the lad Objedion refpefted the Coun-
try of the Seres, fo it is very pofiible that fome Doubts
may arife as to the People who are defcribed by Pliir) and
other old Writers, equally removed in their Manners
Iroin tl»c rcll of Mankind, as feparatcd from them by the
great Dilbnuc of their Country. It may, I fay, be fug-
gclUd, that the Cuftoms of the Seres, as they ftand re-
corded in ancient VVriters, have no fort of Refemblance to
lliolc ot the Cbinefe, if the Accounts I have juft now
given of them be well founded ; for, whereas I make
iheni a potent, wife, and polite People, they paint them
Us .1 kiiiil of Savages, differing in their Dialed from the
rdl of Mankind, and thunning, as much as might be, all
Coiiverfation with Strangers.

Now, to reconcile thefe Contradidions, we are to con-
fuler, lirll, that the Ancients themfelvcs fpeak very dilFe-
rtntly of the Seres, fometimes commending them for
ihcir llrirt Jullice and Probity, for the Purity of their
Manners, and for their having no Defire to injure their
Nei^'Jiliours i and at others, as a Race of intradlable Pco-
jilc, abfolutcly bent to conceal themfclves in their Woods
and Fortrellcs, and trading no other Way than 1 y Ex-
ciiange, and that too L.y leaving and taking of Goods
without any Inteicourfe between the Merchants wl-.i fold
them, and thofc who purchafcd. Secondly, it appears
lioin the Diverfity of thefe Accounts, that the Ancients
were entirely led in this Matter by Hear-f.iy, and by the
I toar-liiy ot a Pcoole who were not much inclir.cd to let
ihcm into all they knew. Thirdly, it is ncccllary to re-
memlxT that the Jnditins, from whom the Ancients had
every Tittle of what they report concerning the Seres,
ini^ht give them Inch Infornwtions as were grounded oa
I'uith, but were fo unintelligible to the Greeks, tlrat they
wetc not able to re|x)it them without Mifreprefentation.

As fur Inllancc, the InJianf might tell them, that the

Seres made ufe of a Language very different from that

ul wllitr Men, and in this they would have told them no

6 L more

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498

T/t nifcoNciy, .*'icukmcnt, ^/;/r/ Commerce

Book I.

niorr t!ian h.»^ lu-cn iiilliric>' 'n' I'.xpfru-ncc ; l^'.it in icpru-
ini; iliis, tin- Aiicunts li^ive nprtlrntn! the 'Vvv[\w ol the
cF/wwI' .IS it it li.iil m'thinn; in tomnion with hum;iii S).rfi h,
which is a in.itMli H I-.x.igpcr.ition. 'I'h.i; t!u- am iint 6Vra
iud a i^rcat Aviilion to Stningct^, ami an inviixiliie K.io-
lotion orcontinnin-', in thur own Country, is another l-.i.'t
tmc in itlclt, but (liancdy mifirpri loineil. All the Chinfje
1 lillorics a[;rfc, that tln< Naticn li.u!, as imlml they Ihl!
have, a gr.at Ji-alouly I't l'('r(i',';»ifrs anil by thi:rl-iws
i.)rKu'. thfir rittli"i', ainoni^ll thom •. vet the fame I lilh/rics
Ihew, that notwithtbm'.ii-i^ tliis JtaiDuCy ami thill- Laws,
thi-y iiavc always hail a gnat nia:iy l-.iri-igncrs in thrir
Country ; ami rii li- not only S>'s:l,uJi:ior 'r/it:,i<:', In.iiam,
i\>ft,w< anil Turk.-, who win- in t'Jnc Ibrt then- Ntigh-
binirs, but . 7 /■«',!, CiT-/?;j«., ami Mdr.mmfdms ; an J that
lor liiih a ix-pgth urTiiiu-, that .: v> almotl impoinble to
accwmt tor thrir cminp; into and li trlini^!; in Chnui, as is
cvidi-nt t'loiii th( lorniilP.li- nations tiiat have ban wrote
cx,'i(.'".ty upon thilv- Si)bi'.its. liu- Amount of all this,
thrtdorc, ra:i f'-f (hctihiil to nothir^; men.- than our rot
hav,n[; veiy iliCum'l Kol.if.or:, ot what pallid a lorj; Tin.c
a^o iiTa vi'r>' I'.nl.int Courtry. which is r.ot v. ry won lirtiil.
But, howrvi'r olliurc, hcwiv^r contradictory, thiK Ac-
counts may b.- in other Ktlpt cU, yet in this tiny ac;rfe
Rild'lly Will, that lah a j'^uonly always rubiilhi! in this
ation, though tor pa-tiiuiar Rulon?, ami uiii'cr patti-
culir C irn.nillaiiiis, fey w. re lont.nt to ilifptnl;- with
th.^li- I aws, whkh troni litis Sj iiit ot Jcaiouly thry \uA
enacted. '

To make this Matter ftiU plainer, lit us confiiler the
Cbnefe in tiieir pretVnt Smiation, and in ra;anl to the dit-
ferent manner in which they cairy on Comineri . at home
tm' abroad. 'rt)> ir Junl;- I'.iil annua; y to alunll all t'lc
tVilVinnt I'orfs in the Imlts ; b':t particularly to BiUa'jut,
whtri- they trade as othir I'cople I'o, and conivly with all
the Rri;uljti(.:is that ar-- llviuj^ht n' ciliary in tiolV I'iaccs
for the .Security and riglit Manaprnient ot Conunfrrr, Irom
whence they have acquired veiy jiittly the (.iiaraiier of
bcirp as ai'live, as indutlrious, and as gei..r;d Trailtrs, as
■ny in tti.it I'lrt of tlie \\ oild. This I'ne would think,
mi<;ht 1 If-ctii.iliy pur^e th--m tiom tlir imputaf.on ot
havinLia ni!i;kc to Strai.j^eis am! an I !nwillii;jr,ml's to ror-
ref|>c'.id w.tli other Nations, i'M\t in fl-.ort, ot all |i ■ uta-
bil tv on tlic I lead of Com;ncrie. 'Vet whri we kxiK into
th^ii Marian;rment at home, wl flu!! iinl many things t'lat
may very well jut'ity fuch a Lh;f;;c even at tins |)ay. I'"or
there are but one, or at moll I m two, ot their I'orts ojvn
to S:rai.i:vrs ■".■.•3. Canton and A>:ry \ they ilo not I'uiier
anv /-.loi/farf Nations t» mike Sittlemerits in thiir i )o-
niir.iwnv, if we cx^ejjt the Pcr.u^uiZf, aid ivcn they arc
not only Suh'etft'-, but in 2 ma ner Slaves to the C'//-
nrj't i thiir F. rt Dutiis arc not inj^h only, Ixit very ixira-
tagant i the Precautions ih.y take apaii:!';, and tin Hard-
fhips fi)ry put upon 1 oreijinm, are lo many, and in in-
Co; ver.ieiit, that it .s plain ti.ey i-nly tolerate 1 ra ie inltiad
ot enioura;z;.ig it. It this tliertloic Iv-, as moll certainly
it is, the Cafe, why llioiil.l we aruiie the ar.cient Accounti
of At tiiiditv and Ontradu'tion ?

h would t)e nerdlefs a;ui urntetflary to enter into a Di-
leir.on about the Naviiratio.n ol the ancient Srrfs, how
ar it exttndei', and what the Coiifeotlences were that at-
tended it. I lay, it wDull U- i-eedi; '■> and unneccllary -,
Iv'Ciuli-, alt^r all th'- I'airs that could be lakm, we fhoiiid
find it V ry diil.tuit, it nut im]«illible, to ^i.^\l• a tolerable
Aifountot it-, but in j^rneral, however, we know tfiat
in very- ancimt times th- y tiadeii to moll ot the Jm'.ian
Illan !s, t; tiled Colonies in many of them, ami as there is
go<jd Groun-!j to btiieve, wire th<- Aiict-llo:s of the ChiH-
g'i!'ff, whiih are the molt jxiwrilul Nation in the Illand
ot C-y.'^f:. 'I'h'le ( iieunill.iiius firm ablolut- ly to lontra-
thct anotlier I'.'rt of tiieir f^-n-ial (.liar.iCt'-r, wii. !i is, that
they have ni Ini linitioti to kavetli< ir own Couniiy oil any
Terms. In all pp ba'jlity, their Sittlenu iit. abroad were
preatcd by domettick tonfulioni, wh<n \uml)ers clioli:
mther to leek new i lahii.iti .ns, tlian to l)e exjwjied to cer-
tain l>-irh or J Vlltmft;' o from the Kaf;- ol lUeir Adver-
lar.es, ,wn,' h, ijrv; rlhi l-ts imple • 11.. .Altei.un.n m tl,c
Nature f.f rh-!' IVople -, loi it is on • ih.o!^ t., |i, r,| .1 roving
l^iliM-lViy-,, and another to pr fer lj.iiiilhniciii to Death.

l',>on the whole, i'' there be .iny thing certain in f,.
C>.'in-jf Hiltovy, it is this j that Unh the Peorl- h

"""fV, Mi

felves h.ive t!ie mod linrere I /ive tor tluir C
delire to remain in if, .vul that this is nniinih-il in'.f '
by then- Laws, ami the I'ropagarion of this Spmt mi'f'
capital Hoiiit ot their Politicks. On Icinnins. th relor"^
M.treras llnclly as it is pollible, we fee. that iak,„\''!u
1 lungs toj^ether, the oldelt Accounts of t.Se CWi" '1
not h.ilile to more Ohjeclions, or incumlxTcil witherir
I )ifKu ulties than the minlern ; and theretore, if the Inct!!
h.ive repreteiited the Sen] as a I'cople of an aid Humour
and their I'raftice and I'rmciples conrnkred l(.mcwlut,„'
confillent with themlelves, we h.ive the more RcafontulJ
politive, th.it the A'.rn and tiK- Cbmrje are the vciy toe
N.ition, bi-eaule tmm tlie Knowlei!.;;,. we have at thciiut
p.iej, nt, it is imp.llible to conceive that any QaniekTEivt,-,
fi than in p.ill Atv's, flioiikl come nearer the Truth t'm
that which trom a lupirlicial View feenis incompatible tf,',-.
with. In cales ot this Nature, Nations are i, be doicritai
as thry really .ire, and of Inch Temper and Uilix)lliion ^
their Actions l[H-ak them ; otiier Accniints ni.iy be mort
plaulible, and to luch as take up with the tirft A|ip.arai.ct
of thin|.;s more crediLle ; but uiK|U(llii)n.ihly, thclitliwjy
is to write the Truth, beiaiife in the end,' and alifr ti,.
Ilrictelt i"'xainination, it will be fountl, that Truth wj
always ioltiiy iililf

9. J lure llill rem.ains an Ifland met-.tioncd in incimt
V.r.iers as lying in the [nJian Oawn, thwiglintver c;i-
co'-err-;l by any ot the Moderns, of which wc promiid,
and ot which it is necellary that we IhouKI give act ar Ac-
count, the rather, Ixrcaule though furrmindnl wi;h a Mil
ot iabirs, there is at the Hottom lomethina which dclimi
our Notice, and which may er.able us to iletucUbcli krj
ot Kei.i'ions when we meet with them elll-whcre. Ih:
Name ot tins Klai.d is l\m(baiii, and it is liipj-<jfui tu b
ivtween the .-irttbian dulp.l and the nppolitt- Coa:! of
Iiuia. T'here was but one ample and dillinct Kclatx.ii!
this Country, which is lliil I'rctdrved almoll er.tircnt.'u
Works ot the learned Dr^dorus Siculus, which theritorc«:
ftiali fairly tianlcribe tor leveral Kealons. Full, t.i,!t ! ;
N.iti;ie ot lii<!i kind ot Relations may plainly apicar, xi
the Keadir Ix- able to judge tor himlclt ol ihi: lj;:lia!r- 1
ilillin(',uilliinj; iK-twetn Facts laithlully related, and l-ic:;ori
fo 1 li gantly ilrelVcd out. Secon.ily, that he m.iy thclxi;:
undeiltand the DetnTtion of this t.iljiilous Hlllory. .\:,t,
thirdly, that he may be t.itistiwi we do not impolc upo,i
him our own Notions and Sente ot Things, but ad;iiit h..Ti
trei iy and laiily to the Sight ol our Authorities.

T here are, l.iys our Author, many tliin[',s oblcn'i'A'U
}\t>ui<cii, or J'.itnl'riij, that ilelerve to be taken notw oi.
The natural nhabitant^ are thofc tliey call i'u'';.-^/;; tl«
.Sttangeis that dwell amonj; them are IVople 01 the \Vc!!;;n
Pari', to(;( ther with Iiuiian), CretMs, uvl S^yli.M. b
this Mand there IS a famous City called Pamira, nunnttnor
to any lor Wealth and Cirandeur. 'I'he Ciii/.cn>ni'cai.'J
the -Suppliantiol 'Jupiter I n/'hlius, and an; thnmly Pcofit
ot I'and'aia that live under a Dcniocnicy withou; a Mo-
nan h. Till y chute evciy Vi.ir the I'lclideiits ur Guv^rr.o.'i
that have ail Matters under their Cogni/ance i hi^^^i'
concerns Lite and lAath, and the moll weighty .Mailers,
they reter to the Coll ge ot t'uir I'liells. I'heTcndtoi
'/Mfilir Triph.ius IS alxjut lixty l-uilongs dilhni troill t:s
City in a lair, open I'iam. it is in great Vcnciation lur
its .Ar.uouity, and the Statelinels ol the btuictiire, ana fer-
tility ot the Soil. T he I'lelds round .ilMJutthc icmi.ti.t
planted with all torts ot I'rees, not only tor 1-ruit, Ictut
I'lealiiie and Dtli-dit ; tor thry abouiulwith tallCy|ni«.

Thel'iai-ewdimniiW

I'lane- 1 ices, 1 .lurels and -Vbrtles. 1 ii>. . i-n^ -

with niniiiiig Water; lor near the 1 emidc tlKriM'-i-n '
niip.liiy Spi iiiK ot fweit Water rullu s out ot the b':t- "

that

'I iitrcr ;

It viry loon l)econies a navin-ihle Kivcr.
divides itfeif into teveial CuriTr.ts and w.iiersall I'ld;'"-'
thrrealiouis. It (iriKluces thick (iroves ot tall ami '^-l
Tiees, anionplt which, in .Summer, alHindanieot !'«:»
l(>ciul th. ir lime, and a MultituiK- ot liirds ul a. W
build their Nells wf.u h creates great Delight. ^^^ '''
aliectirig the l-.)e Willi the \arieiy ol laur Culoo:-. i"--
< harming the har with th- .SwectniK of their Notib. i ■-
iiie iiiai V dat.lens, iwtet and pivalant NUailuwii •■ "

Chap. II.

of i/jc E AST Indies. ''rj-:-

with all fofts °^ Herbs ami I'lowcrs anil lb glorious ij the
P-iil'itcl, that It Itrems to l)e a I'ai'.ulirc wortiiy tlic Habi-
ntic'n ol'thc (ioils thcnik'lvi.s. Hefidcs all ilK-ic", th'.-rc arc
a MiiltitiHli-' of Villi's of all lorts f|)rin;;inp! up on hit^h, ami
to airioiilly interwoven one among anotlicr, that thc-y arc
«cuiiin(;i'liiili»"t tothe View, ami greatly augment the
Uciislus'ofthe Place.

■J'j'ij remple was built of wiiitt; Marble mod artfully
•omK.l and ci'nicntcJ, two huiuhvil Yards in Luif^th, and as
•any in Breadth, liipported with Rreat anJ thick Pillars,
airioully adorned with carvcil Work. In this 'J'emple were
p'aceJ huge Statues of the Ciods of admirable Workman-
ihi!', and amaiin{j; Hulk •, round the 'I'cmpic arc built Apart-
ments lor the I'riells that attend the Service of the Godi,
bv whom every thing in that facred I'lace is performed.
All along from the Temple is an even Courfc of Ground
four Furlongs in Length, and one hundred Yards in
Urcailth ; on cither Side of which arc created vaft brazen
Sutucs, with four-fquare Pedellals •, at the l-'.nd of the
Cuurl'c breaks forth the Kiver from the Fountain klore-
•r.fr.tioncd •, Ironi whence flows molt clear and fweet
Water, the drinking of which conduces much to the Health
of the Body. This River is called the Water of the Sun.
i'hc whole Fountain is lined on both Sides, and llagged at
the Bottosn with Stone at vaft Kxpence, and runs out on
1 odi Sides fur the Space of four Furlongs : It is not lawful
tor any but the Priclts to approai'li the Brink ol the
Fountain.

All the land about for two hundred Furlongs round,
is coi'.fecratcd to the Gods, and the Kevenues bellowed in
n;iintainiii vdic p'.iblick Sacrifices and Service of thofeCiods
brv •/! li thcf. ronfeirateit Lands, is an high Mountain dc-
{'iai .1 likewile to the Gods, which they call the 'I'hrone
ct V/Ki aad Iriphylus Ohiiipus ; for they repirt, that
t),««, when he governed the whole World, plcal'antly
divTtid hiinfelf in tiiis Place \ and from the Mount ob-
f ' cd the Motion of the Heavens and Stars •, and that he
Wis railed fnpkylus Olympus, becaufe the Inhabitants were
co:n;ii)k'd of thri e feveral Nations, Panchxuns, Ocutniies,
an;i Dcians., ■s\vt were atterwarils expelled by Ammon ; for
it 1- luki, that he not only rooted out this Nation, but ut-
iir.y i: '.ruyed all the Cities, and laid Doia and /Ijtcrufta
tw:. w.di the Ground. 'I'ii ■ Priells every Year fulemni/.c
i l.irrtd Fclfival in this Mountain with great Devotion.
Bciiiiu! this Mount, in other Parts of Pancbaia, thi-y fay
thin a .i'jiin.hiice ol wild Bi'albs of ail kinds, as Flephants,
hr.v. i.'.ipards, IJeer, and many other womUrful Crea-
tii: MiX\\ for Strength and Proportion. In this Illand
til v.- arc three cl..rl CitkS, Ihpacia, Dalis, ■ixvX Ocdmis ;
(.'• V. .-.'.k Country i"; very firtile, and tfpecially in the Pro-
ilucuon ol all forts of Wine in great Plenty.

The Men are warlike, and ulc Chariots in Battle after
the ancient manner. The wlioJe Nation is divided into
three i'rilKs-, the lirft is compofed of the Priells, with
wivim arc joned the Artilkers} the fecond conlilLs of the
llij lundmeii i and tlie thirti ol Militi.i and Shepherds.
'1 he I'riells i;i)Vtrn all, for tlir y give Judgnient in all Con-
trnv. riles, aid have Authority in all pi.Mi'. k I'ranfu'lions
fit Suite. 1 lie Huihandmen till the L;uid i Init the I'ruit
r. brought into the common Trealury, and who is judged
ti; nioii ik.iiLiI in I lulbaiidry, receives the largcll Share
ct tiie Fruits tor a Reward in the lirll I'lace, and to the
1 1 '.'id xr\ the reil according to that Rule, as every one
meni'i IP th- Judgment d the Priells. In the iiime man-
r.!r tiie Shepherds and Herdlmen carefully bring into the
I'libji'.k .Sto k the Victims and other tilings Ixjth by Num-
ber a:i : \\'(.i;;lit, aj the Nature of the Thin_L>;s are •, for it
is lint law till tor any to appropriate any thing to themfelves,
'"ei ; t a 1 1.iufe and ( ianien tor all tlu young Breed ot Cat-
'■ , "Hi! .ujier thiiiL'.s ; aiul all the Revenues are received
I7 '!»• I'lieilf, and they jullly dillrihutcd to every one as
1 ir Neeellity requiKs, only the Priells have a double
I'fjpuriion.

i hey wear fott Gu-inent-., lor tlieir W(K)I is much
lii:rr lure that any where ell.- ; lioth Men and Women
l:'^cwl|e deck theinfi Ivc s witli golden Ornninents, Neek-
l^t'-i ot Gold, ami ilracekts about ilicir Arms, and.

499

like the Perfiws, have Rings hanging in flicir L'.ars ;
their Shiies are luch as others wear, and of tlilllrcnt Co-
louts. Their Soldiers, who aie hiied lor Pay, defend
the Country, and have their jjroper Pods, anti in proper
Parts ul the Illand J-'ortrelles, the Hills being infclte'' with
Thieves and Robbers, who often tiirprife the Huihand-
men. To conclude, thele Priells, for Delicacy, State,
and Purity of Life, far exceed all the relt of the Inhabi-
tants, '(heir Robes are of white Linen, and tiimetinies
ot pure loft V^'ool. They wear likewife Mitres embroi-
dered with (iold. Tluir Shoes are Sandals, curiouHy
wrought with exquifite Workmaiilhip j and in their Ears
hang golden Far- rings, like Womens. They attend
chietjy upon the Service of the Gods, finging harmonious
Songs in their IVaile, fetting forth their glorious Adfs and
Benefits bellowed upon Men. The I'riefls, fay they,
came originally from Crete, and were brought over into
PMchaia, by Jupiter, wlien he was upon Faith, and go-
verned all the World, and alledge their Language for a
Confirmation ot this AfTenion, inafmuch as they re-
t.un many Words of the Cretan Tongue among them ;
and moreover fay, that they derived trom their Ant cftors
that Civility and Kindnetii wherewith they entertain the
Cretans, the F.inie and Report of their ancient Confm-
guinity, defcending continually in a perpetual Succellioii
to their Pollerity ; they Ihew likewife a Record, written,
as they fay, by Jupiicr\ own Hand, at the Time
when he was on Earth, and laid the Foundation of the
Temple.

There are in this Ifland likewife Mines of Gold,
Silver, Brali, and Iron, but not lawful for any to ex-
port them. Nay, it is not permitted to any of the PiielU
to go out of the \'i'rge of the con Iterated Ground ; and
if any do, it is lawful f()r any Perlun who finds tlie.Ti, to
kill them. They have, under their Charge, innumerable
Vcflels, and other confecrated Things, both of Gold and
Silver, which have been laid up there in Honour of the
Gods for many Ages. The Gates of the Temple are ol
admirable Workmanfhip, beautified with Gold, Silver,
and Ivory, and Thyne-wood. The Bed of the God is
fix Cubits long, and four broad, of mally Gold, moll cu-
rioully wrought in every Part ; and near adjoining Hands
the 'I'able, as large, and of the like Materials and Work-
manlhip with the other in eveiy Relpect. In the Mid-
dle of the Bed is placed a great golden Pillar, whereon
are Letters intcribed in that calleel by the Egyptians la-
cied Writing, exprelling the famous Aftions of Umiius,
'Jupiter, Diana, and ylpollo, written, as they lay, hy
MiTiiiry himfelf: But this may fudlce concerning the
Iflands lying in the Ocean over-againfl; .'Ird'ia '.

Such is the Accenint delivered to us of this Illand by
Biodorus Siculus, who hail this Account from a nv re
ancient Writer, one Euevierus, a Mejfenian; lb that he is
not to be charged with inventing the Fable, but with giv-
ing it a Stamp of Authority, by taking it into his Hillory.
But if the Reader Ihould enquire what iiuhiccd the origi-
nal Author of the Story to frame lb circumftantial a Re-
lation out of his own Head, and attempt therewith to
cheat antI impole upon Pollerity, it tails out very luckily,
that we are able to refolve this (ji^ielVion, and to let the
Truth in the clearelt Light pollibic -, from whence it will
appear, that thele F'iCtions ot the Ancients were not de-
viled with a malicious Intention of impofing Fables for
Matters of Fact upon credulous Readers, tho', umloubt-
edly, they very often hail thisF,rte6f •, but they were con-
trived chielly for another and better Puriwfe, as appears
plainly from the Cafe before us.

Pliittmb " not only knew that the whole of this Rela-
tion was an abfolute Fiftion, but he likewile knew, and
tairly informs his Reader ot the I'.ikI for which it was
frameii. He fays, that the Author ot it was an irreligieus
Man, or an Atlieill, who, in delivering this Story of the
lllaiiel Panchiea, aimed chilHy at inculcating his own Opi-
nions without running the Hazard ot being punilhed by
Law. Now thole Opinions of Eucmcnis the Mejjcnian,
which Pluttirch very piuciently tliles atheillical, were no
other th.m thele, that moll cf the Deities worlhipped

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7/.)c Difcovcry, Settlement, a;tr/ Commerce Rook 1

SOo

in his Timf. fuel) a-s l^r.wus, Jtipitrr, .Ipollo, ;in,1 the
rcrt, were, in I'art, no other tlian Men himmis m tlicir
Life-times, and, hy thr Matt;Ty ot I'oth-rity, maj;;nilicil as
(ioils atcir their l)ca-.ik'. 'I'his Opinion was certainly
well toiinilcil and agreeable to Truth \ but if th.it Author
had delivcrrtl it fimply and pl.iiily ;k his own, he had juo-
liably died a Martyr tor (ix-akms; Truth iniprnjKrIy and
againft the Laws \ and therefore lie invented this I lilloiy
of Famkra, to mfinuatc tiiat the Pridls there hail a Re-
cord of this Matter written in golden Characters. By
this Means he, without Dan(VT to hinili II, intimated
to his intellif^rnt Reader, that whatever the Vulgar might
believe of thelc Deities, yet, in Fart, they were no other
than Men ; and the Stories related of them the bare In-
Ycntions of Hriefts.

I muil lonfcJs that it is. my own Opinion, Plutarch
did not uiwrii this Myllery with a I>fi[;n of expoling its
Author, a? he feems to do, for an impious Man, and an
Athcift, but with an Intention to ddivcr this Matter more
clearly, and by giving the Key ot h.umerui's Story more
cfftdualiy to divulge the Truth : For, w hotver confidrrj
the Drift and Dcfign of his DilUrtation concerning l/ti
and Ofiri', will ealily dilcern that he wrote it with much
the lame View that tutmirus invented his Fable of Pan-
tt.fj ; and as for the hard VV(jrds he bellows on that
\Vnter, they I'crvcd only to cover and fcrcen himfeifj
fincc, undoubtetlly, had he not ftiled thefc Notions im-

1)io«is and atheiUical, he had pafll-d (with the Vulgar at
eall) for as impioi's and ntlKitlaal a Writer as Kuemerus,
whofc Fiftion he unveils •.

A great Happinefs it is, that the Chriftian Difpenfation
has frecti Mankind entirely Irom this tyrannical Yoke ot
Superftition, and ojXTied a tree I'airagcto Men's Thoughts,
without Danger or Dillruft. But it has, notwithlhmling,
ft) fallen out, that, even under the Light of the C^IJH.1,
Supcrftition lias fomctimes prevailed to luch a Degree, that
learned Men have found ihemftlves under a kind of Ne-
celTity of making ufe of the fame Artiticc, as apjiears by Sir
Thomas A/erf's Utopia, and other Works of the like Nature,
which, however, are penned in fuch a Manner as very Icl-
«lom to millead the Reader, or in|X)lt- u|xjn him Fii'tions ft r
Truth. Thus, we have at lennth fmifheil lx)th the real
•nd Uigned Aciounts of tin.- /»;<..',v, ;is delivired to us by
the Ancients, and are now ar 1 ab^rty to take Notice of
their CXifeivations and Heilecfdoiis upon thefe Accounts,
which arc ol lu much greater lini'ortance, as they certainly
kept up the Fame of tlufe Countries, and in a gnat
nirafurc excited that Spirit which lead to the more perlc^t
Dilcovery ot thtm.

ic. As flight as the Knowh ('ge was which the Ancients
had of the Inland I'arts of JnJta, yet they took great
Pains to propagate a very high Opinion of its IVrtility and
Riches. Ihociorus Siculus gives t veiy pompous Di-Urip-
tion of the Advantages jwlTeired by India l)eyond any
Other Countrjr'. He afllrts, that the Air is remarkably
lirttlcd ami Itrciie, the Seafbns c<]ually regular and [ Ira-
(ant, the Mountains covered with Fruit-trees of the niolf
cxquifitc Kinds , the flat Country fo rich as to yield two
Crops every Year, one of Wheat, and the other ot Millct-
kire, or toir.e luch Ciimn •, the Waters 1o dclu ate and
pure as (ireatly to contnlnite to Health ami long L ite, and
moll ot the Kivtrs overflowing annually like the A';/^,and
thereby Iclknii'g the Utxjur of the Inliabiunts in the
Cultivation ot tiieir (irou:ids.

Alter this Kcprck-ntation of the i^oUlen Age, as ftill
remaining in Inaia, we art further aii.lred, that the Trea-
Jures w!inh tlie Fartli co'uuins in her Bofom, are much
tupcrior to thofe lorn uiion ht-r Surtacc,and thatGoM, Sil-
V(i, Brals, Iron, anu 'I in, jrc more common tl-.err than in
any other Country, ftt, after this magnificent IX tail ot
ihc I'leiity, ami Kidies ol the Indin, he plainly puts the
Kiver Cannes, as the Boundary ol ail the Indian Kepions,
with whicn hr was accjiuiiitcd ; lor, into that, he lav', the
relt ol the Rivers ot Ind.a tall ; and in the Neightx.ur-
liood ot thii River he places the Gandaridti, a Nation fj
poweniil ih-M Alexander was gl.id to leave tt.em untouched,
m having lour thoufand Llcphaiits tianicil to War, and a

projx)rtionaMe Number of Horfe .md Fo(it; whH ft
ciently Ihews, that, in his Opinion, die CunqmlUf'l',?^
Country was not to lie attenipied, "

Me likewile lets another Ikmnd to the Dcfirt of ••'■
vering, by affirming, that a great K.rt of this ( ,11,'^
lies under the Line, for fo he iinift Ix- umKritori i
nor under the Tropick of Cafrkorn, ;is lome „t hi,t
t<rpretcrs would h.we it i for, he adds imnudutdy if, '
that in many remote Parts of ;;;,//,;, t|i,. (;„,, ^.jjn ' '
Shadow, neither is the North Pole, or any of the C™
ftellations near it fecn there in the Nii'lir. wlinh w.c r i"
the^ I ravcllers of thole Times from tl
all Wilhcs of penetrating j.,,.

from

cicnt to deter
Hopes, and tvcn
thcli- Regions ".

Strait hktwifc gives us a larp'- and magnitircnt .V-
count of the Plenty and Rl( hes of India, and aiTures u
that it alxiunds with all kinds <,!' Wealth, more elDtcul;.
Pearls, Carl)uncles, Diamonds, and other praioih Stonts
he mentions hkewife Aromatit ks and Spicu.asFartofiii!
Commoilitics brought Irom the Mie), but he dntj r,,^
tell us in what particular Parts of fniiar thtfe viluablt
Commodities arc found ■, and indectl ail the ^ritm of
Antiquity are alike faulty in tlm Point.

/'/;>», who had reail almofl every Author extant on ttis
Subjed ', is very clear in the general, as to the Plrntv of
all things neccFary for the Service of Mankind in thisCoun.
try, ;in(l gives us very copious Accounts of the nrliMetalj
and various kinds ol precious Stones that were briughtfioni
thence, fome of which he tils us were found in Riviri,
others in the Clefts ot Rocks, and not a lew in the Mir.tj
of (iold and Silver ; but with refped to the I'laces where
thefc Mines lay, or how they were to be rear he I, he a
lilent i and we may fay the fame thing of .irrian, anrial
the ancient Writers cited by Jltin.fus ; for though thrvjt
profufe in their Commendations of India, and in their Pi-
ncgyncks on its Wealth and Riches, yet they nevirdillin.
guilh where we are to look for this precious loxmcx'iv,
or where that, is to be found ; but content thcmt'elvcsMiiii
alluring us, that all arc to be met with in the India.

This was owing, beyond all Qu< Ifion, lo the Coivluti
of the Indian] in their Conmierce with the Ancients i lot
they always pretended that thiiips were brouijlit to theni
Ifoiii dilbint Countries with inliiute Hazard awl Djcgeri
and thclir Pretences ferved at once to heighten the \aluect
their Cjoods, and to deter Strangers from going in Seirtli
ot them, as it likewile hindered them from making luci
Lnquiries a:> might have acquainted thcni with the Trut.'i,
which was, tliat many ot the valuable Coiiinioditus ot i.'k
InJtes were atJtually the Produce of thole Counirin tiey
vifited.

It may not be amifs to obferve here, that in the Ik-
liription of the frythrxtin Sea alcrilx-d to jimmi, ir,ii::i
all the other Works of the fame Nature that arc (tilleKani,
the Indiam arc cvrry-where rcprel'ented *s niiKh given to,
and extreamly well verted in, all the Arts ot Commerce, h
apiiears from thole Accounts, that there was a very confi-
derabic Trade carried on in all tlitir S(a-j)orts, jnd thai
whcrc-ever the Situation of their Rivers iliordcJ them aa
Opjx)rtunity of conveying their MerclunJizc in I'mallWl-
Ids within Ijind, they had great Cities upn their Binki
lull of Artificers and Manutacfurers, where every thing
was carried on with the utinolt Regularity, fo tlut the hw
of their Indullry was equal to that of their Ri>.hci. I nuke
therefore no Scruple of alFerting, that diel'c were the foa-
rilhing Times ot that Country, and that the Iniitni ha^T
Ix-en (ince on the Decline, which will appear the more
credible, if we conlider, that the prodit;!uus Trade A
Cbtna, which is the great Source of the Wealth and Hajv
piiiels ol Its Peoj)!*-, IS, prajH-rly f|K-aking, a donKiii>k
Comrneae •, that is to lay, the M\ Part ot it iscarn.uori
amongli thcmlclvcs, and from one Provi:n;c of that hm-
pile t,) another. ,

It IS not therefore at all wonderful, that People thii
practilcd 111 Trade (hould be al)le, by (ludicd Kclaiiom/o
imivife uiKiii Strangers, who finding tlieni all '"'^'f"
Story, t.x)k this tor an inconteflable Argument of lij'^-"
and hence i( is tiiai we arc told of rich Mines ot OJi- i«

• I-he Lwxn of Ari^^j, It Mm, jmn ll^cd frvmly foch « bro«l,e.l new tWlBfi. i» Reliji

,i()o, nr denied the f>U

ililli/r) m J «tli«f //•'An.Vi Id"*-

•a**'

CIuip.

II.

of the East Indie

5<^i

. , ts'oitlicrn hhUa on tlie Frontiers of Uritiin, and of
nunidnds and IVrious Sioni's toinul then', wlu lei's in all

.roUibility, till' ("oUi which the Anricnts met with in India
ciiiie trcin the IVninfiila of Malacca ; tlic niaiiumils were
Uiiid mar Cape Camciiii, ami tin: Rubies auil other colourVl
SioiH's wen' broiiglit Iroin Toprobaita or Ctylon. Wc will
aiiiilii^li' tli'f'; Ki-'i'wrl<'> on ll>t' Riches of tlic Indies witli a
I w Linfs truiii tiie I'luni of the famous (leograplicr Dio-
,fi:ii whom fonie Crititlis place as hiyli as tlic Reign of

Ciijlui, ami whiih PrifiiciH has thus rendered into Lalin.
iV.y occur towards the l''nd of the Poem, and contain a
mA lively and iki^ant Pidure of the Riches of the InMes,
will) as nnich Accuracy and Corrciftncis as any Profc
Writer whatever, and nuy fervc as a Specimen both of the
Mjttir and of tins Manner of Writing.

Rifpic: nunc r. Hqiins /Ifte ftib finibus eras.
PtT^Hs till lontum Ctirmani, fo/is ab ortii -,
IJlt.ra piirs hfd'itant, mcditt pars limina Urr^e.
Qc.]; :fi\tji l-os tcndunt oricntis ad i^iies,
Cowiumjuyia: radiis frspricribia i>ide
Eli Scylf-''-'' 'Tdi.ii aiijlralis, flunien ad Induin,
'''.;; K'.'.'o rapidus rtihro contraritis exit :
Cur-'iic iium cehri rcc'iu decurrit ad Jiijlriim,
Cx.K'ifiii oricih primiim de montibus allii :
D.vtuua ctiJHS Pala'.itu Jiigilur unda.
Sifiir^Jl ittimi'ier.is (J i:aJio gurgite gcnta.
yldp.irtcs iv.pii'i qua vojunt luiuina S'j'is,
Or:!:.!, /hiliafqnefimtd. Unique /Iraci.'Oius
IL'C'H'i I- ftis, t? Satraidas/imu' cmnes.
Piirp.'.nc: Montis Jub ce!fa rupe, /lri:nos
J^.-niiK ciiiWHini, qui terras ubcrc nulla
I:' y ''Its I'lU'ilan!, fquclLnt nam fenlibus afpris ;
Cur ":': Ifidcm qui rubrum liltore carpunt,
J',,///, qjc dicus nigri fiirjiquc coloris
i'.i. r/''> i,f,!kn( Vciiis, tac nurcc beat!.
I. ■•')« Terras hiiic Telly os uquora cLiudanl,
f^ i prinio Titan ai.fci:ndens lumine ccrnit.
I :.ie Color populoi nigrr ejl Jir.^rantibus crtu,
A:q':C permit jimilis byacin'bo jrcn'.e Capillos,
EffjJ:v!t alii terras aurique i.ictallum :
M ,i!ii lexun! tcnu;Jj:mn \yi::na lini :
l':'. Acn'ci jhingunt rlepl\7:!tis ab ere revulfas :
SiiuuvtUir ripcs alii icrrer.'ilus iir.tri
Bnydi ^nwhis glutei, ni::dit!,.quc cdamctnla,
Al^'. caira '■jiriiii I'^ilur qu.f JpUndet I.ifpis,
Cnv'lhf.ie decus lijuiJi, giutiqueTlpazt
Purpuncque anuil-jlos iinj'i f.<ffufi colore.
Divi.'iii' iii,ig!iiisjic lellus il'ii ;>::nijlrat.
/fiMrjque rigant ban: ictam fontibus arr.nes :
/irlr.rihfquc vigt' variis, wll.cque frequiiiti.
El ir::io ru/r.r pajloret av.uuitnis ilia.
UU lit! fupirsnt prccero corp-cre tantum,
hfiliani equititm faciles tit more FJcpbahtos .•
/IJl a'.ii viiunt Japienti pc'lore nudi
I.umimh-'fque lident rellis, mirabilc,folem :
Et radios 0(culis, (j} Jacraimnte retrailant,
^:pcjn!ie (cncipiunt arcana lucefuliiri.
Ijiitacus Lie virtdis dcuratus torque rubenti
NdjiHur, huniaHiC fimulat qui verbera lingua.

H. The principal Hindrance that ;he Commerce of the
An icnts met with was owing to the following Caufes j
■rll, the (iver-vaUiing their own Knowledge, and luppo-
I ■\!^ all Nations at a Dillance from them Barbarians, and
iv'it or l(.'', i() in proportion to that Dilbnce -, the next
^^■1^ th.ir .i.ihering to their old Notion:, in Col'mography,
' ■ vitlilhind'Mg tho Argumcnis t!ieir own Experience tur-
'■■h^ to the contrary •, and thirdly, tluir dilcoiitinuing
l'!_r Voya^'.rs to dilfant (. Ouinries liurin^'; liomcllick Con-
1^ l!<^n', hy which tliofe Routs were loll which were known
I' !' rnv r t'liirs, and their Dilloveries \o coiifouiuietl, that
'■ is fc.-rcc pofiibic to affirm any thing alwut tliem with
C luiiuy.

fhc t«o former were voluntary Errors, the lad was
Mtliir tlu-ir Misionunc tiian their Fault. We iiave an
Account in Sirah of a very lin;;,ula. Navigation to the
/'•'"iV.'pal<irni>-d in th.- Rcif.n !,{ I'tckiry Kucrgcta, which,
iitirduDy purfucd, might have opened to them a much

^>-Mn. XXXV.

fhorter and caficr PafTage to the Indies tlun they had been
hitherto acquainted with. Ihe Guards that were appointed
to patrole on the Shore of tiie Arabian Gulpii found aa
Indian half deatl upon that Shore, and brought liiin to the
King! all they could tell of him was, that he alone had
cfcaped a Sliipwreck ; but as they undcrftood not his Lan-
guage, they were not able to fay whence he came. The
King cauled him to be well taken care of, and to be inftiuft-
cd in the Greek Language, in which, when he had attained
a fuificitnt Knowledge to difcourfc, he acquainted him, that
in a Voyage from the Indies, being driven out of the ufual
Courfe, he loft all his Companions by Hunger ; and the
•Ship being llranded, h.c cfcaped alone on Shore, where the
Guards found him.

This Man offered to pilot a Ship to his own Country,
which he did, and carried one tudoxiis with him. The
Voyage was very happily performed, and they found in the
Country to which this Indian carried them Aromaticks, and
feveral forts of Precious Stones, fome of which the Indians
found in their Rivers, and others they dug out of the Earth
in tiie fame manner that Cryllal is found. Eudoxus con-
ceiving that he had acquired Experience enough by this
Voyage, let up for a great Navigator, and undertook
feveral Voyages to very little Purpofe, becaufe he followed
his own Notions inftead of einicavouring to acquire proper
Lights from the Indians, notwithftanding it clearly appears
from the Acciilcnt that bcfel this Man, that the Indians
Were much bolder and better Seamen than tiie Greeks. .

But thefe lall were fo perfuaded of tlieir own Skill, and had
fuch a Contempt for the Nations they held Barbarians, that
notliiiig could induce them to change their Sentiments, or
prevail on them to think ofobtaining Lights from thofethey
ib much del'pifed. Biftiop liuet, fpeaking of this Paffage,
Items to be of Opinion, tiwt from the Time of Ptolemy
Pbiladelphui the Egyptians had negledted their /«i/'ij« Com-
merce, and recovered it by this Accident. I muft confcfs
this does not appear at all probable to me, and I am rather
inclinable to believe, that this Indian carried the Ship he
navigated to a Part of the Indies with which till then they
had never been acquainted ; and thir, by tli.- perfecc Know-
ledge he had of the Monfoons, or conllant Trade- Winds;
for I cannot believe that the Indians, in thefe early Ages,
had any other Secret which enabled them to make long
Voyages in lefs time than other People. 'l"his is an Inftancc
of die firlt Error.

As to the fecond, one might collee^ many ■, but that I
may not dwell too long upon this Subject, 1 will take notice
only of one. They had a Notion that the Eaftern and
unknown Part of tlic Indies was bounded by the Ocean,
and that this Ocean communicated with the Hyrcanian, or
Cafpian Sea ; and upon this they grounded their 1 lopes of
difcovering the moR diftant Part of the Indies by the Na-
vigation ot the latter. Strabo declares plainly, however,
that he believes this Navigation never had been performed -,
but at the fame time admits, that it was praiflicable. This
lie did on the Credit of Patroclcs, who was lent to make
Difcoveries on this Siile by the Seleuiid<e ; and this he .
labours very carncftly to prove by that kind of reafoning,
which will always atfeft the Vulgar among the Learned,
and which no great Man ever wants to dtablifli what he
thinks probable.

Pliny alio mentions the Voyages of Patroclcs, and fecmj
to inlinuate that he adually dilcover'd Ibmel'uch PaflagCi
but what he liiys is very dark and perplexed, lb that after
all, one can allirm nothing pofitively from his Writings.
The Opinion however crew common, and palled ior cur-
rant, even upon fuch oblcurc Tedimonics ; and this drew
after it, as a necclVary Confequence, a Notion that only
an inconfidcrable Part of the World remained undifco-
vertd ; and this, together with the whimfical Apprchcn-
lion that one Zone was intoler.ibly hot, and two as into-
lerably cold, damped the Spirit of enquiring, and confined
Men to the Spots where they happened to be born, or, at
molf, to thole which their Ancellors had dilcovered by
Accident or good Eortune, rather thi'.n Indullry. Indeed,
this circiinifcrihing Scheme is fo (Irong in theAncients, and
even in thole Works, which, at full Sight, appear calcu-
lated for a diiTcrcnt Purpofe i as for Inftance, the Stoiy of
the llland Atlantis, related by Flatu, and the famoui
(, M Expedition

Y^fM -

Ba. \

1 i'l.ri

;,,^i't, ■ -f'

)| f:..:i''

\ '. ,1'! ''

r- IH'jM

fefi' !.

,f -'

ni;:f''':*ii

1.- --^

f'mm

, 1 1

:oi

7/-V DifcoxcTV, Settlement, a;/J Commerce

Book I.

I'X!\i!;t;on rf II.vnx, that i'k/ tont.iin nnich tnorf to
afftinht and tfiiily, than t.> a!!iirf aul iiivitc Mrn to iin-
ikrt.ikj l.;in; Vdvapts am! cn.iiMVour grt-at Uiliovincs
wliiui lia-l tills lull I'ira't, that it niiitr .lartanii/.cil lom-
nun Mill's, nmi n-ivlcral thrni itiraja! K- d lieirg
vnupju irti) a IVrnpfr l.t to ;'<> tliioii-h the H.irillhii)S
that iiuill hr nuT with in futh I'r.tldtaki:' -jS.

1 he third niiiiivantago thiy lalxnircil under was, the
frr.ji;ii.t Kcvdhitions thfir own Countries were exjiokd
toi for thi'. laid ihcin uider many and j^vcat nillkulties.
Tlity liad this Method oi that I'rcterilKd t(i them by a
fupiiior ri>v\er, an,' tluy wercto iniilue fufh Plan.s only as .
»err ajj;ieeal'le to the (lovernment uiu'.c r whiih they lived,
ami tiuile too no longer tlian tluy W( re agreeable.^ Ano-
ther Ineonveniencp was, the Iiitvrpilition of the State on
nny Uitlovtry. or liirmiUd Difeovcry. It \sw to be cul-.
Jivai.drr negleftri! at the Will ff th'- (jovern-iu-nt, and
not ot the Adventurers, (or tlic Si'lrir of Negotiation v.as
not fo free as it is now ; but any Attemiif out of the or-
t!in.;ry Mode of ComnK-rrc £;ave Jealour;;:^ to fudi as
i)i!j;ht to have Win bell pleafed with tiirni.

Theft l")ifi.ourai;etiicnis, at part.eular Times, and under
f jrtiuilar (. ireuniHarees interrupted !< vcral knulsol Com-
ni( iie, and kept the whole in liith a Cotulition a'; hindered
pnv.itc Men fiom turning their Thoughts tliis ^'.ly, for,
otliiTwife, no doiilif, they would have thouglit of fettling
Colonies, and letuiing i;)me Footing in the Indies, in
order to have examined the whole ot it, anil putting the
Navigation of it into a crtain anil irreverfible Order ; In
that n>-tliing whieh hapi'ened at home might have alTedUd
thofc Co'>nics : liut after t!ic Time of /luxjiiJcr, or at
leall, ot his imnudiate SucrelTors, \vc find nothing of this
fort thought of, hut every Thing abandoned to Clunec
and the Humour of the Times.

12. There wiTe trany InjHilimonts befides thofe already
mcntionid, whith hindered the l'r<';;rcfs ot Difeoverits
among the Ancients, and Ibme of them of ftah a Nature
as ro Ix- aiinoft invireiblc. Their Ships were built in fucli
a M.^nner, as did not, tiy any n^ans, render them fit
for long Viyagcs i for their Contrivance was fuili, that
thfViould not iKar a high Sea, or go fifely iK-forc the
Wind at any great Kate. In the next place, tluir Ships
wa.rtd K(xjin •, and though this Hems to bt contradi>:ted
by the Accciirts we have of VelTils that carried fevcr.d
hundred Men, yet, when thefe come to be dofely ex.i-
n-.ii;ed, they apjxar to be to other than a fort of Bargr<;,
or rather dallies, lit for tr.ir.fporting Men acrofs an Arm
fit t!i( S:a, or lor figliting, svhcre this could be done in a
few 1 fours after they were on Ikiard ■, and this will lie tlie
more evident, if we ref.ci'l on the Scenes of naval Combats
mentioned in the Greek and Reman Hirtorics. The l-iUjur
of wijrkirg their Shij'S w.is likewife intolerable in a long
\*oyagi* ; and thcfc Inconveniencies taken together, ap[)earcd
in the b'yes of thtir S<amen fo dreadful, that they were
more apt to mutiny, efjKcially when cmployid in nillo-
vrries tii.in can wtll tic ima^^inrd, lb that it it liad not Ixen
for fome Accidents, and their bring encouraged by the I-.x-
aiTiplcs of the../rrt^;<jw and Indian!, it is fcarcc credible, that
thry would have made fuch long Voyages as they really
did.

If it (hould he inquired how the ^Irahiant and Indians
made fnch free]urnt Voyages in Ipitc ol thel'c Inconvtnien-
cies, the Anfwtr is cafy, they made uU of another loit of
Veffrls, which, though Ids itout in Apptaranie, were
much Ix-tter Sailers •, nor wxrild it be difficult to prove,
even from tlie Accounts of S:rah and other ancient Wri-
ters, that the Indians afli.aily made ufe in thofe Days of
the Paraos or Pro<s whii h Ixtbre a Wind arc allowed lo
tic the bcft filling Veffds in the World. The An. ieiits
wanted likcwilc tht AfT.ll.ince of Charts, which arc foefftn-
tially neceffary to Navigati(jn ; for it appears plainly from the
Voyages already inferted, andi from tiie Accounts we have
in Fiii^, and in other Authors, that they were guiilcd
tolely by a kind of Tables, containing the Names of Places
on the Coaft, and their Oirtances trom each other ; neither
fia i ihey any Ideas of failing in a diilrrcnt manner, Ixcaufe
thry knew not how to ret'i;late their Courfe in an oi>cn
S' .1, which forced them upon tlic Cho:'? of that fort of
Navigation whidi ii now wich Kcaibn litlJ to be tlie niotl

dangerous, and in which they cou!,! make iifcoffiavf
fels only as had a fmall Diau-ht of Water •. an.! , '
particul.irly inc>.nv.imnt in the NavicYatio„^t,^[ "' *^
Ijieaking, bcaaie tiie Indi.m CoalK are very fuuj 'f
failing near them they loll the Advaiita-^e ol tho Tr' 7
Winds, which before the li'veiuioii of tlieCumiai ,
forded the only means of making lunu Vuv.L ' ■""
Safety. ">^g"^.;i

It Muil Ik- owned that many of thefe Faflsluvc i
difputed, and that too by very kaineil Men, whohiv ^''
deavoun ' to perluade us, that the Ancients want \v'
few of the onvcniencies potfelVed l,y nioilan Navifat -.'
as will be largely fliewn in another IM.ice ; Initatpui. ''!
may Ix" llil^icient to ol)lerve, that moQ ililrir Arn'iT V
are drawn trom their own I'Aplic.U;or,sof niTiila'i't'i
obfiurc Pallag. s in Hitfouans or Puiti, \slKrtas\,ui',a--
gr.ninded on the Scope of their general Ibllurits, ard n
Diclarations in our 1 avour, as cxprds a.s mi u' ,V'- '
I'or inllince, I'fg^ctius alfuus us, that the Sus wcrci ■
fioni November to M.iib, and tlut it was not tlious'l.t' ?■
to undertake any Voyage of ConlequenccUfhrcthi ^1,?;',
of M.iy. This very plainly proves tl-.e Ddc.'ii ul ilv ■
Navigation, and that tliey loll a great Part of the Vc,,.- ; '■
want of thofe Hclp.s and Advaiit.iges, wliivh purdy ;r„.-i
a Spirit of Contradidion tlicfe Itarntd Men would paly^u
us they enjoyed.

It may not be amil's to remark, that fiippofipg their Oi-
nion to l>c true, it is fo far fiom addiiii; to tiu- Lreiiit'ij'
the Ancients, that it really docs a great; r Injury to ik:
Reputat;on, than the contrary Allbrtion tikcii a ih;
(Irongdl Senfe i tor it the Ancients had the Lie of !•;
Compafs, and of S<a-Charts, as thefe IcarmJ Wmci
maintain, their not making a better Klk of thv:iTi is iltu-
gether incxcufibic, and lliews iuth a want of Spini, ui
Inch a Defect of Genius, as is al)liikitely irrtcnr.tibblca
th(ir Performances in other Aits-, f lit what Ivcms ti ri:
the Matter Ixyond all (jiidliim ii this, that ihc /<r.:;.j^
Ixcoming Mailers of the (/rcf* I. earning as well as ol t":;:
Umpire, and tranflating into the!.- own I .ingii.:f;e ihc !x.;
Ikwjks that were written on tlu f- Sul-jeifts, iiict with ncr
thing that at all coroboiates this Notion of tli.- ureatKntw-
ledge of the Ancicl■.^^, with lefpctt to the l.utrunic:.'.ij'
Navigation ne(clTaiy in long Voyages.

Sir John Cb.tr.lii, who wxs a Man of nukh reading, ai
well as of a goof L'ndtrltai.ding, and. w itli J a great In-
vciler, lu:. delivered liis Stiitimeius upon tlii-sSubicdinn;
following Terms, which I the rather c;te in this I'licCilx-
ca'il'e I Ihall not hereafter have any Oj)pottii;'.ityufenuT:,-§
again on lucii RellcCtioiis in the Lourle of this Clupur. "1
" cannot tell, (ays he, whether tlic Qi«ijt foiinJ uutiic
" Art of Navigation and the ConipiK, as they iliJ thcA::
*' o( Printing and Artillery; we (liould conl'ult the icarnd
" Men aiiiongll them to Ik afllired of it. Butloruc
" other /J/iatia, I Ixildly ad'ert, they arc beholden lo u:
•' for this wonderful Inflrument which they luJ frK
" Europe by the 1 lands of the Arabs, a long time belo::
" the y'(?r.'«_^ttfzf Conquells : For, tiril, their Compaira
" arc exa.^tly like ours, and they buy them upof thi;£«-
" rcpi-ans as much as they can, (carce daring to nw-.;
" with their Needles themfelves. Secoiully, it iiccrai
" the okl Navigators only coaded it, whicn 1 impute n
*' the Want of this rnllrumcnt to guide tlicin, and loilruct
" them in the wide Ocean. We ciniuit pretend tjuy
" they were afraid of venturing far from liume , truc
" Arais, the firll Navigators in the World in niyOp-ion,
" at lead for the F'.ailern Seas, have, 'lime oi.t el Mii
•• failed from the Bottom of the Af./-.^'<■d all .ilo."ji the low
" of y^/;;<<-, down to the Tropick oi Caprii^rn, wliidii
" a Sp.ice of fifty Degrees v and the CZ'/w-yi' have a!wi)i
" traded with tfuTiihabitants of the IlLinds ol yj;.i :;-
" Sumatra, which i.s al(u a very confidcrable Voy.ij;-'- ^
♦' many Iflands uninliabitcd, and at the lame tin* iri/..i-
" rive, li) many 1 jnds unknown to the Peopk I Ipfal^f'.
*' are a Proof that the old Navigators I ■ ! nut the .\n a
" failing on the wide S--a. I luv.: notlur.j but .irgum--.".:
" and ConjeCtun: to oiler toue.'iiiig tliu M.utcr, luviiij
*' never met with any Iwdy in i'iiji.i, or the /o^.s -J
nform me \shen the Coiiipals was litll kiuwin:«'=?
hem, though I made Fmiuiry of the Jiull h-'f

11
th

Chnp If.

of the East I N d r e

5^3

'I Mrn ir. cadi Conntr/. I hivi; failed from the India to
" /Vr/?,) in Iml'mi Jiliips, when no European has been on
» Bdjrd but niyfflf: Thf Pilots were all Indians, andtiicy
" iifcd the Forclhff and (^ladrant fur thiir Obfervations.
•' Tlicfe Inflruments they Invc tVoin lis, and made by
" ctiri, not in the leafl vaiyi:;r; therefrom, except that the
" Charai-'^rr. are Arabic; an.' l.-y the way I obferved, that
•I the Arahs are the molt fliiiful Navigators of alt the
<• /ifinik', and Africans \ but neither they nor the Indians
" r.uiive life of Charts, and indeed they do not much want
" them v fom«-" ^^^'1 ''''*^<^' ^^"' '''^'y ^^^' ™l'icd from ours,
'♦ for th'y are quite ipnorant of Perfpt ftive."

1^. Attf tlie copious Detail we liave given of thi' I'ro-
mcl's of the Commerte of the Ancients in the F.aJV, we fliall
loiiclutle this. Stc'tion witli a v( ry fuccinft Comparifuii bi-
twi'i'P their F.ndeavoiirs and >SiH-cclTe'. in this Kcfpnt,
:ncl thr I .abours in the fame way of the Modtrns. In the
fi.ll I'l.in- then we have made it'higlily probable, tliat tven
ill tlu' moll nourifliing State of thtir Trade, their adtiial
Dlllovc! If", did not reach farther to the VA\ than the I'eiiin-
IdI.i ot Mi'hicca ; for as to the iSinits Magnus, tht y could
know notliiiig of it but by 1 lear-fay, unlefs they hatl known
all the rill of the Indies. On the Continent again the
S.'!.r. which were the Siamffe, were the lait People they
knew on that Side. In regard to the Northern Indits, they
'.:i.'\v very little with any fort of Certainty beyond the
I ;ii:.iii:" Nlountains •, and mod evident it is, even from
th;!rUll Writers, that they had not lb much as Reports
(t the Nations inhabiting beyond the Mountains of Imaus.
B';t we have difcovered l'',artward the Country of Cocbin-
Chit^r., and all the Countrier, de[)endant U(xjn it, the King-
lioni of fijnt///, the vail I'.mpirc of C'^jwrt, ail the Iflands
oftlif^'o^w, the Mduuas, the Old and Nev,' Philippines,
an 1 the Cu'.intry of AVi;' Guinea, fo that confidcred in this
l.:p,!it, 0111 nilcoviries ex'.cid theirs by twenty Degrees of
lungitudc. Towards the North again, belides what has
Itcn dlllovcred by Land, the 73«/ir/& have mod certainly
(Tocwded as hi;',h as forty-live Degrees failing to the North-
(jit of Jafcn, lo that without exaggerating the Part ot'A/ia
i;„i.;e krown to us by our Eaft- India Voyages, is equal to
::! the rell of Aftfi that was known to the Ancients. It is
rut therefore at all flrange, that our India Trade fliould fu
r;;::h ixcced theirs, though carried on at fo much greater
I'.ihnre.

In the r:xt place, it may be obferved, that though the
Trade to the Indies was never carricci to Pcrfeftion by the
Fi^piians, Tyrians, or Romans, yet it was known to them,
and made the Subjett of their Books for a long Courfe of
.^fres, fitice from the tirft Kingi'.om of Tyre to the Reign
ol Cmjlantine tbe Crca! includes above eight hundred Years,
whereas all our Dilcoverics ot the Eajl- Indies were made
within two Centuries after a Paflage was found thither by
the Capt of Good Hope, fo that in this refpeift the Indullry
ot the Ancienis is very far fiirpalTcd by that of the Moderns.

The third Obfervation I lliall make is with regarii to the
Difference between a Land Force and a Naval Power. We
liwc feen how many fruitlcfs Attempts were made by the
Af!)ria<i am) Per/urn Monarchs to extend their Conquefts
towards the Eaft ■, and we have likewifc fecn of how fliort
3 f ontipuance the Conquefts were of Alexander the Greats
and his Siicceffors, together with the Attempts made by the
Romans, after they had reduced Egypt to a Province, and
Wire Mailers of a great Part of Afia, which, all of them, are
nothing in Comparifon of the Empire citabliflied by the
Pcriu>u(Z(, or rather ttie Comparifon falls as far Oiort as
thf I'uwcr of the little Kingdom of Pcrlugal, when thrown
into the Balance with that of the Empire of Rome ; and the
ElUblilhmcnts of the Englifh and Dutch in thofe Parts j
but more cljjecially of the latter plainly demonftrate, that
with refpcLt to the Advantages derivcil from Conquefts, a
Maridnie P^wer is infinitely fupcrior to the Strength even
Cif the moft extended Empires.

The Romans had in this refpeft in all Appearance the
liighelt Advantages ; they were Maftcrs of tlie Country to
the very Mouth of the Arabian Gulph on one Side, and
liail a very large Trad of Country on the other. The
1' Tor of their Name was fo great, that they had hardly
a; V Oppofition to tear by L;ind or Sea ; and if one F'.xpe-
•'■"jn iud tailed, they miglit very foon have repaired the

Lofs fuflaincd in ir, ami Iiave been in a Condition to have
undertaken anotlu r. Vet wc fee notliing of this happened i
ami it was not above twite or thrire thought of, and (hen
to no great Purpofe. Au^ujlus had form, d .i fX fij'n of
reducing the Pcninfula of Arabia, to whiih he wr. excited
by many Realbns \ fuch as that the Iiihubicants ot the Coafl
lietween the Arabian and Perfian Gulphs were in Polf-irion
of the whole Trade of the Lalt ; there were imw: ii\ the
Nations on the Coaft oppofite to Egypt that were extn niely
addiifled to F'iraty, and greatly dillurbed the Navigation;
of the Romans, which probably happened from their iiaving
lighter Velfels, and fueh as faded better, fo that if at any
tiinc they met with Ships of greater Force, they were able
to leave them, and make their Elcapes ; the Situation of
the Country alio might probably be a llror.g Induceiri! nt to
the attempting this Conqueft, becaufe it fctined to p.omili;
the iiitire PoflefTion of the Oriental Commerce without In-
terruption. But we have feen how that Isxpetlition, under-
taken v/ith fo great: Precaution, and with fuch a Force as
was never employed in the Eaft by any modern Potentate,
was intircly ilefeated. The Emperors Elavius and Titus
Vcfpafian, had alio fome Thoughts of pufliing their Con-
quers on this Side 5 but Hiftory does not inform us, thac
they ever took any etfecluai Steps i-iwaids putting tliofc
Deligns in Execution. Trajan made the lalt Attempt
upon Arabia from the Per/tan Side, with a potent and vic-
torious Armv ; and rliis with no other View, than to have
made himlilf Ma.lcr of the Wealth which tlic Ar.'bians
had amafled by their cxtenfivc Commerce -, but li'. 1 kcwile
failed, and from a too quick Senfe of his Difappoiiitment,
broke his I leart.

I.et us now confider what Profpcfl the Pcrtuguczc had
of reaching and making Conquefts in the Indies. Inltead
of crofTing from the Mouth of the Arabian Gulph to the
Coaft of Malabar, which is a Voyage only of a few Days
they were to tail round the whole Continent of Africa, then
a Coaft in a great mcafure unknown ; and at the fiine time
the adjacent Seas were remarkable for their being almoft con-
ftantly fubject to Storms and Ttmpefts, infomuch, that
when the utmolt Cape was lirfl: ililcovercd, the Dilcovercr
called it the Tcmp^Jlucus Cape ; but tho King of Portugal fore-
feeing the Advantages that woiilil rcfult from this Naviga-
tion, changed that Name for Ibe Cape of Good Hope, and
with a tew Ships, and a very fmall Force, attempted and
fettled not only a Commerce with the Indies, but railed u
very confiderable Empire there in Ipite of all the Oppofitlon
that could be given him. This manifcftly fliews not only
the Superiority of the Mod' rns over the Ancients in Point
of Navigation, but 'ke- e that the moft dillant Voyages
are bell fuited to the uiing a Maritime Power, that is to
lay, a Power by Sea that is permanent, and not railed and
overthrown fuddenly, as tiie Maritime Powers among the
Ancients frequently were. It alfo effeftually demonflrates,
that it is not a mighty but a well-conduifted Force that is
proper for ellablilhing diflant Conquefts ; and that where
a Nation is once poirefled of a confiderable Fleet, there i$
no Country at fuch a Diflance as to be out of lier Reach,
neither are her Settlements in any Danger of being detlroycd,
while they are worth keeping, and while the Government
at home is futficiently attentive to their Prefervation ; fo that
the Circumflances which feem at firll Sight the molt dif-
couraging in regard to the attaining F'orcign Power and
Maritime Force, are, in reality, thofe which moll contribute
to the Eltabliftiment of it ; and to the prefernng it when
cllablifhed by fecuring a conltant Supply of all that is nccef-
fary for that Purpofe.

It is by long Voyages, only made with Danger and
Uncertainty, that People require the Means of making
long ^'oyages with Eafe and Safety •, the Perils they
cfcape once they know how to avoid again ; they become
acquainted by degrees, and by Experience, with the Na-
ture of Things which never could have been reached by
the Penetration even of tlie fliarpell Underllanding 1 and
by thus becoming acquainted with the L.aws, or rather with
the Courfe of Nature, they gain infenfibly a lund of Superi-
ority over Nature ; fo that in fome Scnle the very Winds
and Seas may he fiid to obey them. When the Pcrtu-
gu:fe full undertook their Indian Expedition, they neither
had good Ships, nor knew how to build them. It was

note

HuHmI

liUm'l

Hffi

^'i

mi.

i 'K''Mi;''!'f

^ "IrrS

'..ft,*'

i[i!:

\',lii/.>m

'1'

;

■ :

;©4

7k- Dilco\\:i>, .""ciikiiKiU, <//a/ Commtrcc

Book I.

•■>■: f

. 'Si i\

■j".i |lf

< '

liiil

lit"

not tlicrrforc in Virtue cf t!ii ir linat nav.il I'oivc, tluit
ihcy Ixcaim- Mi"Ur>.of tlnl^- toimtrirs, (nit it was tluir
IViiii- of txicmiiii; M.iIUt- ..t tlicm, that put ta.ni upn
Mil'mR one iMiuWi- of atJinving it.

It n Viry rt'm.ukaWt, that the lull Place in the InJifj
nt whuh th>y arnviJ, was Mxul'^^r, a Coimtry wliuh,
as we haw llic«n, wa'; known to tin- Ancients, anil that
Dolor a Ion,; iracl ot Time, l-ut to imiKTUaly that
th y Wire not lo mueh as able to yive us a tolerable l\'-
Icription of It. Whereas in the Space of lUty Years, or
I Is, the Ptttuf^urft were 1 /)rils n(;t only of that, hut ot all
tlic adjacent (. oiiiitnes, railed ami dejxji; il Princes as they
thought lit, ami ihl'iMirai <>t Kmml' ms at their I'lealiire.
'I'lu- i;reat lil.ir.v! ot Ct\Lr>, whuh, as wi have proved,
vas the 7.rr.-/.;'M of the Aneifnt>, of which, altir fu
many \'oy.ii;i ^ to the Indus, they have yivei us Iik h lame
Aaounts was not only perfectly dikovered wnliin the
Space ot Time K fere nimtional, hit in the I laiuls of
the Pir:u^U(ff, who innK.lliI a I'lihuti upon the Inhabi-
tants, thmiirh ail the l-orce ihry h.ui thin in the litdic,
was not equ.d to a tho\ilai,-!fh I'.irt of their Number.

Thele RetUflions will Ica.i the int. IHfient KeaJ.er into
many more \\\\m tlii.s .Subjixt, and er.able hini to com-
prehend perfectly the DitV.reii.e Utwnn the Attempts
nia;!e by tiic Ancients, and the b'xploits ot the McJeriis
in this Part of the World, which, at picicnt, is all our
BufuK-fs i and having t'uis tiaVelled t!iiou^;h the darkdl
and mo!t peril.xe.! Pait ol c^ur Sul jed on which we were
obli;.',ed to enlarge oiirflv.s, inirdcitn lio pei Icc'tly iin-
rferft( '<, and t:> f .. ,y tl.c Ueade;, tliat though every
Thi'i;; v^itiun tiiis PeiUKi of 'l"inu', was contuled and c.u-
barrailed en-nigh ; yet it w.is far liomki'g fo utteily
unintr II ^ible, as it has tven hirherto reprrf.rte ! ; we may
have leave to ly more coneife tor the tuiure, ii ref,Ki'l to
thole Tliinj^s that ire txtter known, anil vwth regard to
which tluriiore long Di^rcirin-.s arc imntivlV.iry.

In order to conrea the anrirnt and modi in I liftory of
the C'jmnurce b< t ween £;,r;;<- and the E.iji-litMts, it i%
rrij'iiifite that wc ib.ould i^ive a (liort Accou:;t ot tiie Fiiter-

eciurf.' Ivtwtvn the .Sutijeifls of the Grfd p^,. ■.,
tlie Piople ot the Indus ; tor the Re.ultr niu'l 'i" ' '"'
apprch nd that alter the imperial .Stat was'tr v'^''
from K.m.- to CorjlMtiiioplc, E^^p; rcnuiraniiiiJi ''n"'
vmcc no lets ulitul to tl;e latter tiian the tbrnur th sC '
merer which liaci hitliciti) bixn in a m miitr Im I ■ "'
the PoUlirion of /'.i;v/>/, mull have been Hot uily ^'
I'c.-ived, but riKour.i^cd and ext nded. ' ''''

I le will hkewife, no loubt, k glad to fee tin- Chan-^
tliat hapijened in ir, tlie new Rout, that wercoinni'
and trom the India, by which the C'oninuKiitiisuf t' '•'
Countri'-scamc by fo m.uiy dillerent CIlukIs into fj/^';'
and which by tlie Riehes thry di rival ty tl.c fivcral \''
tions that intermeddled with tins Commerce, cxdtci t '•
.Spirit of Difcovery which h.is lime laid open that Tr.*".
diieClly to all tiic modern maritime I'uvscrs, aiij mat
their Ftlablinimeiits in the India, the mull fulij pfu",^
ot tluir having a jull Rii^ht to that Title, 'ly!
CJod willing, wc Ihall clilp.itcli within tlieCoinpuliol [wj
fhort .Sections', and then we (lull enter on ihu Traviij
tu the India, which lirll .icquainted the northern rj
wcllern Parts of the World, with the h;tirior ui t,C;:.
Cminiiics, the Nature of thtir Inhabitants, the tenllitJtio'i
ol thtir Hovirnments, and the J lilloiy ot :hc rngfl re-
mark.iblc I'.vents which had fallen out in then.

A ."surt of Travels tliat, as tin y apixaicd llungc anj
fiiiptiling in the I'liiKs in which tluy were lirll pub,i!lifd
lb w.uii cxliibited limply and pl.iii,ly aj tlie:r .Authuil
wrote tl-.rm, and without the whimfial AJilii.ujs by
whiiii they were distiguied in our old rraiiflatiiii., i-y
raiuiut tail of bung thought ei]ually cutious and u\\h.i.
live ivm at this Day, the uthtr Ixwiiile we love to lu,;
Th:ngs to tluir Beginnings, and to f e what Ih.mi;.'];;,.
pre:nur,s the Sight of Countries, People, and .Minii.;sij
dilVereiit fr..«in their own, nude upon the Min.'.su! iL;
who lirll vilifcd tholl' remote Rigions, ami th.it V.v:?.
.m A-e net altogether lo tree tioin Siipcrllitio.n aiuiPt;.
judice as tiui in which wt live.

s r- c T I o N xvr.

yf coKcifc Uijlory cf the Ri/c, Prngnfs, and Decline of the Conftantinopolit.in Emftn^
tcgethcr li-it/j the Ccmv^ercc of its Suhjciis in the Eall ; ns alfu a brief Detail of tk
Rijc of the Araliiaa Empire^ the Recovery of the Indian Commerce in Hgypt, aid
the reviving the Trade of Alc-\.iiidria.

1. ^ Dfription of ll.i- City r,fCon(iM\i\nny\i:, and u Jly^rt Vit-j; of the nuviy Advantaget icn':(i \i\\

from tts eommodinui SitutU

The grciit Cti't- tiikcn l>y the Huecffcrs of Co\\\\inunc for tbi Suf-

port oj iiuritimf Poucr. 3. -The greut naval Strength of that Empire, and the Diff-fithi ofhs
Ile,-ts. 4. The Ruin of the Si/k-Tnide under the Emperor Juftiiii.m. 5. SUk-iecrms frjl km^kt t)
iMirope, and a ccmpenjions /Jijiory of that Maniif-elurf I3 the prefnt Times. 6. yl hirge Accunt ij
the Jiyeral Indian Commcdifiei that "wer,- l>rought (0 C'oiift.intinoplc. 7. AconcifeVie'v of the Stati f that
Fjiipirc, from the Ru^^n 5/' Juilinian to that c/" Iknicliiis. H. The I'ia'ories o/" Hcracliiis (^iit .'c.'
Ptrfi.in-, and the Eml'ojlies fr.t him from the liuiic--. 9. The Rife and Progrefs of the Ar.ibian £w/iw,
to the Tunc f the dnfjutll oj Ej;ypt! 1 o. The Foundation c/ (.'rami Cairo, and the Revhal cf tki Imiian

pt. n. TiM' Hi/.'cry of the Arsh'un L'->nmeree eontinued, -uith the Rreival of that c/Ma-

'Jrade in li

aiuiria. 1 2. The State «/'Cunil.intinopie, to the Time of its being taken by ti:e Turks. 13. Ohfcrxotem

and Remarks upon the foregoing Hijlors.

kiitujuity difFer very

>• rr^li i: Un Wrir<rs of Ai

I r^'-ich as to the Kiafons which induced Con-
X finniim the (^rca;, to remove tlic Seat ol I-an-
p:^f from /ifc..«- to the iv, w Cry, whicl, he called by Ins
».'.vn N.imr. Soiv.e alaihe it to his (.arc of the I'.illern
1 rovir.ees, and oihi rs to his l,ri, g jinChlc that the Ramans
hitw! iii':i. Whatever hi- Uealbns were, moll rertunly
t!ie Mai'-rty '.I old lismf could not have been tranOated
'oa Citv better ('-.«, 1 for Kmpir.- tlian this, win.h the
I-;np;-i.vf Cwft.ivtini' ftjled new R,-ii'. It's oil Name
vv.is P-zj«-:„m , ai;d it ti.id r-.n thr' •; !i a f.rcat V.uicty
'.f A^c dents ixforc Ccnjtmnf, wlio liill tliougiu of rc-

bnil.iing Troy, cafl Ills F.yes upon it, and immcdiite'j'

cbfcerned that no Pl.icc was {o tit to Income tht M«r:-

jvilis of the Roman p'.mpire, and Mifliels of the- \Vor.'>'.

It Hands on a Point of I .and on t!ie ancient Bjlphonis W

7/j;.7ci.', where theie is a narrow Straight which lirvt; t)

divide Europe and /I/ia, .iiid, at the Umf time, fum's

.1 Comnninication l)envcen the H'l:!c and the &-><•

Hea.

Tlv City (Iretf hes itfli' our in the Manner of .in .An;-

phlth-atre, having 0:1 tts Riglit-h.md the- JrMpiLf.i^'^

all the .Mediti rranean ; and on the 1 .eft, the B.-^^^ii-

up to the T.i':iJ Mcoti.Us ; lb th.it it \\m all S' •'

Front,

ciiap. n.

of the East Indie

S05

Front, anil all Eurept behind. It ii in Virtue of this
Situation that this City is very juftly ftilcd the Key both
oi the Mtilitcrranean atid black Sea. The Emperor, its
Fotimler, took all im.iginable Care to render it the moll
magnificent Place in all the World, to nrlorn it with
Churches, Palaces, and other publick Buildings \ and to
provide lor its Security, by all the Arts of Fortillcation
nriit'^ifed in thole Days. But ftill the Convcniency of its
Situation feems to have had a greater Share in rendering
it jjopulous, and in preventing fucceeding Emperors
from thinking either of going back to Romt, or of
thuling any other Place of Kefidence, than all the
Pains taken by Confimtint to render it equally ftately and
conimoiliotis.

The fpaciwis Fields of Thrace that lay immediately
btliind it, furniftied Corn in Abundance, and that Part
of Afta which was over-againll it, was, for many Ages,
the bell peopled, and the bcft ciiltivatctl Country in
the World. The Markets were always full of Flefh
and I'owl, at the cheapeft Rates ; and for Fifli it had, and
his ftiil a greater Abundance than any other City in the
Univcrfe, infomuch that twenty Boats have been laden
with one Net. The Inhabitants were fupplied with
Wines of the richeft Growths, in the grcatelt Plenty, fo
that in ancient Times, they were reproached with being
continually at the Bottle \ and, even to this Day, the
(,«\t lie under the fame Imputation ; though the
". ;.' bti'greftrained by their Religion, arc lefs adiliftcd
to t'm '"'A though not wholly exempt from it neither.
ks to TimI*!, Conjlanlinopk is (o plentifully fiipplicd
fmiii t!i'.' Woods which cxt'rid from Pmpo'tlis quite to
Ci/i'/j, in a Traft "f more than f>rty Pays Journey, tint
in th-- >S;a c of fo many Ages as Ihc lias already (loo.!,
Ih» hj<; ntvcT felt tlie kail liiconvc-nicnce, notwitliflancl
ing (he has lupplii-d all the nci'^hbouring P.irts with
whK WIS rrqui'itc for butl(iiii[; Ships and Houfes, and
twn fi;.;/, /trabia, and jifriut, have hkcwilt; received
NLitiii:"; (torn her Stores.

But tlie p;irate(l Ucaiity, the greatcft Advantage, the
mod diilmniiiniing Felicity of this imperial City is, her
Port, by N.uiire, the nio(l lovely in the World, being
fix Mile in v.onipafs, a full Mile over, and every where
ib dai) that Ships m.ay lie with tiicir Heads aOiore,
without Danger. This Harbour is not more f^de and
fpaiious tlian convenient ; for when the Winds are
N. N. v.. or N. W. fo that no Ships can come in from
the Mcdiicrranean, they bring in thofe I'rom the black
Sea ; and when they vere about to the opiTofite Points of
S.S. w. or S. E. they bring up the Vtflels from the
Mfditerranian 1 fo that confuiered in this light, Coiftnn-
liiuple fccnis defigned by Nature to be the Centre of
Commerce for Europe, /tfia, and /ffrUa.

2. It was very probably the Scnfe which they had of
thife prodigious Aiivantages that induced the Emperors,
for a long Series of Time, to bend a great Part of their
Endeavours to the Encouragement of Merchants and Ma-
riners. Tlie Emperor Cenjianlius, for I''.xample, ex-
empted them from all Charges and Contributions to which
the other Suhjefts of the Empire were liable ; and this in
!"j mple a Manner that no pretended Cafes of NecclTicy
could ;ilfcfl them. Succeeding Emperors didinguilhed
between .Merchants and Mariners, fubjeding the former
to Duties and Impofitions, but exempting the latter, and
txtt -Ji'ig their Privilef,cs to a very great Pegrce. The Rea-
lun ut' tliis was, becautc that Merchants reaped all the Pro-
fits o( Commerce to all the Hazards and Pangcrs of which
t'le Mariners alone were expofed. As the l-'mperors had
frequmt Occadon to fit out Fleets for the publick Service,
3^:1 a^ the manning of thefe might have been very preju-
iiCi;J to C'limmerce, a Lasv was provided which remc-
'"'-d this liiionvcnience, and that in fo lingular a M.m-
r^ir, tlint it delerves to be particularly taken Notice of.

1 here were eeitain I .ands,in the Nature of Fielsgranted
i')rih:s Sirvire; that is to fay, the Owners polTclfed them
l^^:', tlur witii the Privileges incident to Mariners, upon
^^[<nh Comlition, that in Confideration of ihele Eftates,
'•■y'liould lurnifli jircording to their refpcdivc Values,
■i'>rtiin Number of Seamen, whenever the publick Ser-
''"'' rumirc i tliem. I'liui. the Burthen was laid upon

Lands, and not upon Perfons j and as the Circumdances
ot People might change, and this Duty of nrovitling Sea-
men, become inconvenient, or even impradlicabic v lor the
original PoiTelfors of fuch F.ftates, the Law piovide4
that they might be at Liberty to difpofe of them to
fuch as might be more capable of complying with the
'I'erms upon which they were held.

By this Metliod the (irtek Emperor* were able to fit
out very great Fleets in cafe of Ncccllity, as ajip ,irs by that
of the Emperor L#*, in the Middle of the iiitii Century,
which was intentled againft the yandalsy and conliitid of
eleven hundred Sail, which, however, were all dcflroycJ
on the Coafl of ^Jfrico by the Treafon of him wiio com'
manded them. This alone is a ftrong Proof of the great
maritime Power of the Conftantimplitan Empire, while it
flourifiied \ but we have a much more fignal Proof in the
Eftablilhments made by thefe Emperors for the feveral
Flceti appointed for the Defence and Support of tlieir
Empire, which Eflablifhmentr appear very dearly from
the feveral Bodies of their Laws Hill remaining, and which
prove, beyond all Contrailidtion, that fo long as this Em-
pire continued in a liourifhing Conrlition, the utmoU Care
was taken for the Encouragement and Protcftion of Coni»
merce, by a right Application of that manrimc Force ws
have before defcrilwd.

3. The I'rovincp of Egypt was of no lefs Importance to
the Greek, K\\in ro the RomanV.iw\i\Te; and the utinoll Caie
was taken to regulate the annual Fleets from that Province^
fo that the City of Conltantinople might be legul.irly fupphed
with whatever Provifions (he hadCkcafion foi iiom tlierce,
and have likewife the mod valuable Returns that were made
from thn Iiidinn Commerce by the way of the Red-Sea. it
was by this means th.it immenle Riches were regul.irly drawn
from thence, .ind the bc(l Part of the Profits of that ad-
advantagcous Trade conilantly conveyed to the Imperial
Refidence, as apjicars by a Multitude of laws yet extant
in relation to the Fleet of Alesandria, on Board of which
thofe Trcadires were carried to Conjlantinople. The next
llationed Fleet was that of Africa, which was chiefly de-
figned for the Benefit oi Old Rome ; for all the Commerce
ot Ali-xnndria being diverted to Conjlantinople, that Supply
of Piovifions, for which hitherto A'e»w had depended upon
the Fleet of Egypt, was now to be received by this of
Africa ; and for a long Courfe of Years this Expedient an-
fwered the End very well.

The third Fleet was that of the Ead, the principal Sta-
tion of which was at Seleucia, a City of Syria, feated on the
River Oroates ; and this Fleet feems to have been liivided
into feveral Squadrons, and from the oiany Laws made
about it, appears to have been of very gr?at Importance. It
was chiefly by the Help of this Fleet that the Commerce of
Perfia and the Higher Afta was carried on, which was very
I ich, and included (bme Branches of that of the Indies.
Great Care was taken in the regulating this Trade, to pre-
vent the Empire from fuffering by the fending ot Per/tait
Spies, in the Garb of Merchants, into the Roman Provinces.
The Places therefore to which the Per/tan Merchants might
repair, were pointed out, and fettled by Law \ as alio
the Seafons at which Fairs were to be held, and the Time
they were to lad, by which Contrivance a Door wa.s opened
for conveying all the Trade of Afia into this Channel j
for when the Goods purchafed at dilferent Places were
brought by the refpciS^ive Fleets attending the Provinces irf
which thofe Fairs were held to Seleuaa, they were there
embarketl on Board the Grand Fleet for Conjtantinople.

Befidc^ thefe there was another Fleet in the Pontus Ei/xi'
ttus, or Bliulf Sill, which brought annually vail Quantities
of Corn to Cotijlantinopk, together with abundance of 1 ich
Commodities, and ainongft them fome from tlie Indiesi
which were brought thicher by a Rout, that will be ex-
plained in the next Section. This Fleet terved likewife to
awe the feveral barbarous Nations inhabiting the Coads of
that Sea, and thereby contributed exceedingly to the Tran-
quillity of the F!,mpire. It is very probable from the Laws
tliat we find in the Code of the Emperor Jujlinian, that
bcfides thefe great Fleets, every maritime Province ol the
Empire had its peculiai Squadron dationed at a certain Port,
which every \^:n- earrie.t the Revenues ol the Province to
Ccnjianlinifle. There were likewife v.id Numbers of Hat-
fa N bo{*

^■•.: :' h

r, 1

i m

.'■m

ip*^'

' i M

!i!

ii-'M

'*iV

l'^\'

1 , , ':-f^

I^^H

■^^^B

:PH

>
i

S '

J'K

506 7/ji' Difco\cry, Settlement, a/jr/ Commerce

iKittonird " VITcU mainiainni at tl.c publiik Kx|Knrr on all

il[<- vnu Kivi r» th«t palVfil tliroiii;h (he FMiipirc lor the

tr.iiil|H)rting Tuk'i «, ami otlicr ruiuilitc Scrvtici, as oc-

calion rrq\iirf»l.

^VI»(K'Vfrcon^uif^^fhi!lI'>irtrilnltion()fthin!',^.ltrrntlvcly,

will raCily ililnni that there never w.« a liovrmnurit 111 the

Worlil, the IV. ue ami l»rol|wnty ot whith ilqHmieil triorc

iinnniliatriy on flu- rif^ht M.in.i;;' iienf of M41 itiine Artairs

ilun that (.1 this Impirc. Hut as it was scry cxtenlivf,

ami as an emia! Carr was nccellary tor the jinicrving Or.ler

in every I'att ot it, \vc neeii not woi\iltr, that id I'roecis <>l

Time many I'.rmis ircpt in, and a Multitiuleot 1 4ws were

inaile mcel'lLy lor renuniymB the Imonveniem ic,th( y pro-

«liict\l, till l>y »l((',ree» the new ReRiiIations ilalhinf; with

the olil onr^, (xi-arional urcatir MiUhicIs th.;n all the rtl^,

uiul \t ni\n\ to a U< pravity ol Manrw-rsamont; tlmr ( iovcrnors ;

and the liivalions Irom barbarous Nations, to whiih thry

were contwuially exixiliril, broiit-ht on their Ruin ol an

Empire, wlii( h was };rowii too bulky to l)e well maiugcil.

4. It is very urtain. and we Ihall quickly have an C)p-
iHittiinity ol makinc it eviilent, that lo lonR ;is the (Jretk
kmpirc wa« in a late ami nourilhinp Comiition, the Su'v
jiCts ihcreot hail a p,tncral Cornrpndcnce m the I'-ith and
earned on aionrulcrable Commerce to the /'/.//rjhy dilVcnnt
Canals. It woulil take up too much Room to Ihtc a Mul-
ti uile ol I- ads Irom the Byzaiitint Hillorians, which mipjit
dlaii!'lb this Allertion -, but that wc may not leave this
Part ol our Hillory Ids ixrledt than tlie rcll, it Iccins re.i-
foiuble to reixirt lomc Uw InlUntes which may anfwer tliis
J*urix)lf , ami that too in a nairow Comp.ds. 1 he le.'rned
Hillonan rretopius, who has prefirvcd .i Multitu.le of
turiouj I'llVaj'.es in rcl'iiert to the Reign ot the l-.mjK-ror
Juftinitn, in which he lloutiiTicii, has amon^ the rell two
very fmnular lach that tall in ex.idly with our I>rfign.

I le tells us, that this l'.m|*ior, who lxfT.jn his Rrign -7./>,
52S,a'id whohadloiind away to {^r.intMonop ):ifs ol alnviil
fS'ery Ibrt ol LomiiVKlity, except Silks, took the lollowiriR
Meihfxi ot prttinf^ that likcwil'e into his 1 laiuis. It (.ems,
llus Manufacture w.is carried on no wiu re but in the C ities
1)1 lirniu.' and 'Tyn in I'kantiUi, and Silks wtre ot a lud-
lien grown to a moll cxtrava^^oju i'nce, whith was laid to
arile ^rom the t ovetoulntrs ol the Ptrfun Mi'iiarch, who
h.nl imixilid a heavy Uuty ujxjn Silks, which the Rcnum
Men hunts were olil!(;cd to pay lor all they purchalcd in his
Dominions \ the I-niperor timiing this coiiliiltred ,is a J^reat
HardfViip, publiflud an luiiCt, by whu h he pretended to
fettle the I'licenl .Silk at ei|;ht Crowns of Ciokl lor a i'ound,
«nd ihreaienrd with Contiliration ol their Ciocxis luch as
(hoiild prelunie tg (i 11 it dearer.

'I his ruined the Merchants who dealt in that Commo-
dity, W'ho lound theiplelves olilij'.cd liy this Law to (ill
Silk lor Ids than it cc-ll them ; and thenforc tin y ijuitted
Trade, and dil|xilid piivately ol all t!ie Silk iliL-y iud to
I'rrlons they lould lonli U- in. 'J'fic I'mpids 'Ibecdcra,
having IntciliRcme of this, caufcd all their (ioods to be
tontilcated, and impoled a large I-incon tlicm Ixriidcs, IJy
this Contrivance all tlie Jjilk in the l-'mpire Icll into her
Hands i and by the Afllilanceol one Peter Bfrjamcz, who
was her l:.llr\:ment, Ihe lijjd it out piJjhckly at l!ic K itc
of lix (. rowns an Ounce lor that ot an ordinary Dye ; an!
the luiK-tline Colours were luld at ditlercnt Kates up to
twenty-lour Cro\vr.<, an Ounce, ail the Manulai'iurcri work-
ing lor the.li. By Mus iniquiioui Practice the Km|xror and
hmprefs got inunrnlc Wealth, and Herfmez their Agent
nnuh more \ but in the mean time the Merchants of CV«-
fiantinopU were ruined and undone, the Manulaaurers at
Ikryiut and 'lyre reduced to ablolutc Beggary, ami Num-
U-rs ot indullriiws I'trlons torccd to leave their Wives and
1-aiiiilies in order to Icck I.mployment in Perjia.

This is a vcty curious I'all'age, inalinuch as it fliews us
the State of the Silk Trade at that 1 ime, the Places in
which Silk was wiouglit up, and the \'alue of that Com-
jiitxlity. But the lecond Article we Ihall liorrow Irom that
llilbitun is llill more curious, beciule it llicws how the
I'ncpof vSilk was reduced, not only throughout the Greek
Kmpire, but throughout ail Europe. Before we come to
ihis, however, it is rcjuifitc to obferve, that even in the
nii.ill ot this Kxtortion there had been a Time when Silk
*'as much Utartr. lor under the Rdgii of the limpcryr

Book I.

/lurelian Silk h.id been fold for its Weight in GoM 1,
to lay, a I'ound ol one was w«ighe<l .igamll a I'nJndlt 1"
otheri but as thele (Jolil downs, or Aiirci, ai thr
•illed in old llirtorians, were m.idr by liividing . p ^'!
ot (iold into one humlred I'arts, it is pUin, thatihcr
prcls's Agent tiild Silk ot common Colours ti«r Itv, ntv T
Aiirci, and Silk undycd perhaps :hc3|xr. Wcmiv
ecivc Irom hence the I Urdfhips uut the Mcrchjnti w""
laid umler liy their bt .ng obliged to IcH it tur twcKs \ "^
which conlidering that they imported it lioin f,rfu "J!]
the Perfi.ins at that time probably Itom Wm, itmiiiul
«onie to them at a much dearer R.itc. '

r,. 1 Ins cxcellivc Price of Silk, whatever temwrw
Milchiets It might produce, liad a vtry good Fli'cct „i the
main V tor the I'niperor perceiving tlut h.sSulijuUwtf
chietly tied to a coitinual Tudc with Ptrj, ■ Inr the lij
ol this Commoihty, ililcovcred a great LVlia- to k,- thn,,
tn ed lioin this Inrons'enience \ upcn which two /ww,
Monks, or rather two Monks that had travelled to the
indies, went to the l-'.miKror, and told him, tint thrt
could very ealily little that Manuladiirc amongft his Suli-
jcfts, to as that they might never Ix-umlcrthcNecriritycf
ileahng with any Strangers, much Ids with the Ptrjim
lor that Commcxlity. This Silk, laid they, which ufo
precious iicre, is in Serinda, the moll |«)pulous anj mod
civili/cii Country in the Indies, where we have Ijrnt nuiiT
Years, Inun by certain little Worms, which Inlliiitt thtv
receive from Nature. As for thd'e Worms, itismv.ji.
fiblc to tranlj>ort them ; but their Hggs may be brought
from thence without any DilTiculty, and h.uchd here by
giving them a certain Degree of licat.

Such were the Propolals made by thoMonkstoyi/Jiw,
who readily clofed with them, making them grtMtFrij-
miles, in call- they were a'jle to bring this Matter m tor,
which without nnicli Dilficulty they did j for retur:,:.".-';)
the Jndies, they broupjit trom thence a confidcnble ( te-
tiiy of the I'ggs, nourilhing the Wurnis when thry im;
cut with the leaves of Mulberries-, and thus, fjyi my
Author Proiopiui, was llie Art of r.'.al^ing Silk inuoJiiceJ
into the Greek linpire.

'I'liis I'ranliidion lell out //. D. ■'.-,0, but it waulcrg
time belorc it fpread itielt mmh beyond t!ic Bounds of the
Greek limpire 1 for we find, that //. D. up, Ho^trKr^
of ^'iC'/v, h.iving conquered a I'art ot Grede, broi!f;I;t ov;r
into Ins own Country the Art of managing Silk-Wuixs
whii h was quickly iranslerrul t.'om thence to Caldrj, i:i
other I'arts ol jhily, where it tlounlhed tor lo.iv.' .A;^
before It was translerred to the vSouthcr.i I'arts of .'■Vjm,
which the great J iil^orian /^fc(T4v ttlls us, happencJ L:.:ir
the Kiij;n ol Irjncis the I'lrfl, in which, howtva, t. :i
inilf.iken -, for l^nis XI. /t.D. 1470, introduced i: r.io
ins Dominions, and fent lor i'erfons Ikilfiil in the A.Tci
managing Silk, not only from Genoa, Vinice, and f.>
renu, but alio from Greece ; and by hii Letters Patent,
datdi in the Year 1480, granted them great Privikp.
But the Price of ihii Commodity was llill kept upatigrta

Height.

(Jur King Ihnry VIII. who was a very magnfc.t
Pi 'nee, wore commonly Wtwllcn Hofe, unlcCs by CViC!
he liad a Pair of Si!k trom Spain. His Son EiwriU.
had a Pair of Silk Stockings prelented him by Sirl*-*'/
Grejkam, which Prefcnt ot his was much taken Notice ol.
QiKcn Elizabeth, in the third Year of her Rcign, hiii
I'air of black knit Silk Stockings given her by Nb- '<'•«•
/dfft.', and flic never wore Worlled afterwards. In t.'ic
Year lOoo, Mr. Il'illiam Lee, a Native of mm^"-
and cducatcil in St. y^Z-fl's College at Cmtriiit, lavcnti.
the Art of Pramc-work Knitting, which bsbcenfA':
much improved. Having thus traced the Silk Minuffi-
ture from the hdits liithcr, wc will now recum to the pro-
\KT Subjed of this Sciition, and endeavour to make god
what we have before alfcrted, that the W«»» Comtncrtf
did not lutfcr by this Change of the Seat ol Empire- ,

6. It a|)pears clearly from hence, that under the or^.'t
Emperors, Voyages to the India were become ""f^'^JJ;
nion than in former times ; but wccould Icarcc have belie*-
that lb many dili'erent kinds of Wiod Commodm* ^'^
almoll Irom every Part ol India, were common at U«;W'''^
nufte, il It were not verified to ui by thepublitkLaw'<iJ';_

Chap. n.

of the East

Indies.

507

I'mprf, collcfteil into a Boily by the F.mpcror JuftiHtan \
Iroin whence it amwarj, that there wltc lovcral Dutiis im-
riol'iil 111'"" ^ Muliitiiilf ol (iouds l)rou{',lit from the Indies,
'■nil M Sjiiccs of difTcrcnt kimUi for inllancc, Liniiamon,
tt,iich tame froni ihi- Ifland of Ccylen, hut not in any great
Qiuntiiy \ for it was always very ilear, die Xilo Cinna-
r.jnum was no other than the Wooil of the Cinnamon
Tnr, on which tiierc was alfo a Duty •, but it does not
appear (if wiut I'll- it w.u, or whence it grcv* into I'.llccni v
iKflwixi it was ultil in the fame manner that wc lio other
Wooils. in Demotions. Ctijfia, (icfvribeii at lar{»e hy
fi viral ancient Authors, from wliom it appears to havir
hctn a f'Tt of niikler Cinnamon ; this iikcwife tomes from
Mttkliiir and Ctylon. Wc learn from fomc very judu.ious
VVritrrs, and who are well acquainted with the Manner of
follcrtiiii; Spices in the Indies, that the Ctfia I.ij^nea is, in
tmth, nothing more than the thick B.irk of the true Cin-
namon Tree, which has very litdc Flavour, by which they
mcao that this is the Spice known to tin? Ancients by that
Name I hilt the Modern Caflia is another thing, and lijme-
whatufahiijher Flavour.

i\\)\K\ ol fcvcral kinds, fuch as long Pepper, white
Pepper, and black Pepper, all of them Irom the Indies.
Plmy is very angry that this Spice Hiould lie fo much ad-
mired i for, as he obfervcs, other things art either plcalant to
the Sight, the Smell, or the Tafte, whereas there is nothing
in IVpiXT agreeable to any of thefc Senfes •, and yet, liays
he, whar grows wild, antl is of no Value in the Indies, is
with us fold by Weight, like Gold or Silver, for no other
Rcafun, adds he, but brcaufe it comes froin India. In his
Time th. long Pepper w.is worth about nine or ten Sliil-
Imgs a Pound of our Money, white Pepper was of half that
Vakie, and black about half a Crown a i'ound ; and it
fitms to have been as dear at Conftantinople. Ginger, of
which Pliny tclLs us, that many in his Time thought it the
R(X)t of the Pepper Tree •, but he alfures us, that was a
vulgar Miilake, tor that in Reality, it was the Root of a
Litle Herb, which grew commonly in the Meadows of
/ 'Wa, anci in the Country of the i'ro^lodiles. This Spice
ill: ewife dcfcribed by Diofaridcs, ivho agrees very well
with riun. But after all, Ciinger does not grow, either in
the Manner, or in the Countries they mention. It is, in-
(Icfd, 3 kind of Lilly, the F'jwcr of which is red mixed
with grctn. It grows in the mod remote Parts ol the
IrtMi, and over a great Part of China v but fincc it h;is
b-.n tranfplantcd into the I! 'eft- Indies, we have the lu tl Part
tt our (jingcr from tlicncc. The Chivef' tlleein it very
much, eiixxially .is a wet Swcct-mcat, ami tranfjiort a f];rc.-it
1k.1l (if it to BaiiK'ia, wliere it is generally eat after Meals
to afl'.rt Digellion. It did not hi.ir a very liigli Price
among the Aiuients ; for in the Time of I'liny it was not
above three Shillings a Pound ; and at Coiijlaniinopic ii was
not Worth fo much. It may not be amils w obfervc, th.it
in thole Days they adulteiated their Spices very dexteroully •,
Ironi whence it is evident, that th^-y were much in ul'e, and
conUxjuently they miift have been brought from the Indies
in confiderablr Quantities.

Precious Stones ot all Sorts, fuch as Diamonds from
{■ilHrent Parts ol' the Indies; Pearls from the Coafl: of
P(rfiaMi\ Ceylon; Emeralds, which were always held by the
Ancients for Oriental Stones, though there is great Reafon
to lioubt the Truth of that I-act 1 Imr, however, they had
goodCaufe to believe it, becaufe they wt re brouglit to them
Irom tnc I'.aft, however they came thither. Another pre-
c;'jii6 .Stone, called Ccraunium, bccaul'e it was fuppofed to be
tounj in Places where Thunder had fallen. Pliny men-
tions it, and indeed gives us a long Account of it, but
fuch a one as does not help us at all in finding out what
Stone he means. He (iiys, it is white, like Chrylhl, that
it derives Light from the Sun and Moon, and has a fort
|j' Fire in it which fecms to change its Place as the Stone
is turned this Way or that, and that this Jewel comes
I'om that Part of the Indies which borders upon Pirfia.
I'triiiilian mentions it among the Ornaments worn by
^\omcn, and affurei us, that it had a glittering Appear-
»ncc as it there had been Fire in it. We may venture to
'flcTt, that either this Stone it not known to us, or is a
'ind of Opal ; for, except that, I know of no Stone that
*» any rclpcft agrees with tiiu Defcription.

The I lyacinth 0* Jacinth, which w.is brought from
Callicut, or Camktye i it received its Name Irom its Rc-
feniblante to the Flower lb tailed, and inull tht rclorc have
ken of a purple Colour, iiuluuiig to a blue. The
Jacinth known to us, are of dilfertnt Colours j but
none ot them rtfemble the Stone known to the Ancients i
for ours are either of a 1 lame-Colour, of an ambir Cal>,
almoll white, or of a pale Red. It is theretoic probable,
th.U tile Jacinth.-! of the Antiiiits were a kind of Saphirc.
They were very much valued for graving, and were held
to have many Virtues, which in reality were never yet to
be found in any Stone.

Beryls, which Pliny fays approach nearly to the Colour
of an Emerald, and which owe moll of their Beauty to
their being cut hexangularly, and he dillinguillies many
kinds of them ; fome that h.ad a yellow Calt, others ot'
a blueilh Colour, and fomc mixed with white. lie al-
furcs us, that the India'is valut d thclc more than any -jther
Stones, efpecially when ihey were long, for then they
twred anil wore them without lijtting \ and had alio
a Method of putting a gold Wire through them, which
ina(.le them appear extremely beautiful at a Diftancc. One
might write u large DiUertation upon this finglc Stone,
finct there are many very learned Natuialills that believe
what we call the Beryl was the Diamond of the Ancients.
Certain it is that the Beryls wc luvc trom the Indies, do
not at all relemble the foregoing DellTiution, except that
they are Ibmctim "s tbund very long anil larp.e, but ratiier
of a greenidi d ir than a blue. The;, aie moftly to
be met with in Camhaye, Mdabur, or Pe^u ; but tho
fineft and largelt of wliieh fometimes Cups and other
linall Veflels arc made, come from the Illand of Ceylon,
There is, indeed, a Stone which Ibme take to be a kind of
Beiyl, but which is bctUT known by the Name oLiquu Ma-'
rina, or /ii^ue Marine, from its Refemblance in Colour to
the Water of the Sea. Ot thefc (bmc are very iiard,
and of luch Ikauty, that many Jewelers have been im-
jx)fed uix)n Ly thcni, and liave taken them for Dia-
monds.

Saphires, about which wc arc more at a Lofs than .nbouc
any other Stone whatever •, but this fucms to be certain,
that whatever the Saphirc of the Ancients was, it had no
Sort of Refemblance to that Stone known to us by the
fame Name ; for it appears that the Saphires of the Ancients
were not tranfparcnt, fo that pofilbly they might be a kind
of iMpis Lazuli. It is not, however, impoHibe that the
Ancients might be acquainted with the true Saphire t
tho' , if they were, they mention it by fomc other
Name, and my Reaibn for tupjxjfing they might know
it, is, that our Saphire comes trom Ciiliciil, Canancr, and
the Ifland of Ceylon, from whence they luul moil of their
precious Stones, and efpecially fuch as were coloured.
Wc might add to thefe, many other kinds of precious
Stones, of which, at tlii> Day, we know no more than
the Names : But tliat we arc afraid of fatiguing the
Reader, and tiicrefore we fliall only mention one Remark
on this Subjeiit, and that is, with regard to the Doubts
and DitHculties that attend it. It feems to be a very
ftrange Thing, that we fliould be mere at a Lofs about
the Jewels mentioned in old Authors than almoft about
any other Thing ; but when we confider what Pliny tells
us, that the Indians were very dextrous in making falfe
Jewels of all Colours ; and when we oblervc that he men-
tions fome true Stones, which, lofing their Luftre, reco-
vered it again by being put into Vinegar, in which Salt
of Nitre had been dilVolved. I fay, when we confider,
and lay thcfe Circumftances together, with the Addition
of their Dcfcriptions, it may very .veil beget a Doubt in
us, whether many of the precious Stones mentioned by
the Ancients, might not be Compofitions ; but whatever
they were, they came from the Indies, and this is another
Proof, that even in the molt early Times, the Indians
v/cte much better fkilled in thefc Matters than any other
Nation.

Wc likewife find amongft the reft of the Indian Com-
modities charged with Duties, all Sorts of Silk and Cotton
Manufactures, which they brought as wc do from ihofc
Countries, and probably for the fame Reatbn, becaufe the-
found that Method cheaper tiian bringing the Commo.

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508

7/'t' Dirco\cry, Settlement, (imJ Commerce RooU

I'ifV .m.l working k up at homf. Ivory wai alto liroiiRht
Irom flK-iicr as wrll ai from .Ifrut^ aiul t^fcat (^lanrity
«.f Skim ani! f>-^ wlmh arc ililhngiiilhal oiulrr tlif two
l^t•a(^^ of fi.it^! •ii.it anJ Puntun \ ami thry hkrwile
|ir(nii',ht nut y wil i Hfaftsliich a- laors Ikars l.rilparil*,
I'ainhrn, anH (..mc Birds. A^ to Metals w>" ftiul none
inentiKiMil except Iron orSinl, umirr the Title of f<r-
r«M Imiicum ; and tliw, wc are loM hy T/ »fy, laiiu- from
llic Country of the 5(r/;, ;inil wai crtrrnx- 1 th ■ very lx-ll
in the WoiM ■, ami next to it was tlir ParihtH Iron, Init
whether it lanv wrmighl or unwroiight ilo«s nit viry
clearly ajijiear, Init the fv)rmer is the moft jirohahle. That
they might, »!' i!rr theRei(.',n%of the Grtd r'iv\^\m^, have
thiN Hue Ini'i <ir Steel from (im.i, where t!ut t'ornmo-
tlity 15 tMI met with in the ^rrafll I'c rfrrtio'i •, I will not
ileity Imr ih.it it eaMK Irom thence in the I im- ol Pliny,
i\ nut lal'y 10 lonipceheml, an^l therefore I am apt to Ik-
lirvc tint thry revived it from ihr Sum r'l, who mtiiht
inlorin them that they had it from the iVr.v.

We riirl Cotton alio, ant! a Stnt of Moli.iir nmongfl
the I omnxKlities tliat were tuougiit fiom the [iiMti \ and
thoii(;h the tr\»r l^lrp!e was to Ix- had in tur^pf, yet it
foems that of tlio InMfs wai mull idmied, aiul m the
prearrif F.lVirm, (jthirwile it tanii 't lie im.T/i'Vii th.it they
would have uken i!ie Pains to have Iwoupht it tromCoun-
tri's ar fo j.^e:it a Ihrtance. It would take vin ttjo nnieh
Time, flioiild wr endeavour to trace out the diiferent
Ways ly -hich all thrfe IkHuih Comnuxlir e<t were
brought to <';»jijniim:/:'f. It is fu(!icieiu for < ur I'ur-
pofi' t!\.it they w:n- linni^ht thither, lime t! ^ il ally
Tnews th:!t the SiiKjec^s ot tlic Gretk Umpire luu a n-
fid' r.iHe 'I'rai':- to the .'iJkj.

Wr n'.^Ii' allei!pr, to prove this ftill more larp' Iv the
Tiflimor.y ot ihmiiiiHus, j\,'ftifi.'inu<, ard feveral < ; t'lc
l^^7Mti•l(^ Wilhtrur', whuh howcvrr s*'.!!!!! lead Ui i' * )
•buniluiH-e of rntieal Pifjufs and tli' retire wc (lial; w.ive
their Aiithontirs, cfpteully finre the Arei'Unt alica'i
given of th-.- Inui.ii Monk^, or Monk', who luid travelled
lo t!i" Iitiiiet, lor with reljvct to our .Sulijeit, it is niU' h
the Ume '1 h;;.g whith tluy svcrr, u as ihjr a Tilti-
mony on tluj I lead as wr could wifh. It iv alio very < er-
tiin, a;vl the U I'ler will meet ssith the cl>.irell I'rouf of
it in a I'loi \ iiii', .V-v'Uori, that by this Time, or Vi ry lixm
after, the Syiitus hu! not only reached Cl:nii, but were
even el' iMifhe ' thrrr, and termed a Chnftian i. hurt h,
the Mtfi !"T' of v(hi( h were very numerous m all the I'i»>-
vmcci o. t! at ext •tifive l-'.mpire i neither '.an it l»e ima-
fined thit, u|ion this KOablilhmcnt, they flioiild immedi-
ately r.-lui<;t.i!h ail CorrefpondeiHe with their Countrymen ;
thocgti till', niiglif, and indrei nally did happsii in I'ro-
rels ol 'l ime, and for Realuna t!ut will apixar lure-
alter.

7. W:.- h.ive very difl'-n nt Chaniiflers given us of the
F.t!i,XTor JuftiniiiH by liitfcn-nt Writers, accordinr; u
Iheu- I ioiiioiirs led tliem ; hut u;)on thi whole, it is vrry
cert.iin that he was one of the W ll i'tintes this I-'.nipirc
ever lu:l, took the gnatelf l^jnii to little and liipjxjrt the
(jovrnir-nt, to regulate the l.aws, and to leave evtiy
thing in luih a Condition that lucte'-dinK Princes mn^ht
Vr abl- to govern wit'iout Trouble, by aJhcrcing tu ttic
Rules which he had laid down.

He dr' -afrd ill the eighry-thinl Ye.ir of his A^e, ,7. D.
565, and was fieceeded by his N^phiw J:-jt„i \\. m
whole Tim-- the I'mpiro w;is' to (lukr n by d.)nie!hc'K Con-
fufions, and towards the latttr Knd of his H(igii invaded
I7 th • r,rf:.tns on the one .Side, and by the .harts on
ihc-oihtr, that th- Wei-ht ot (iovcrniiv nt Ix-tame ahlo-
lutely inlup-wrtable, infomuch that he fell diftrafted.
'Iihmus had th-r-ujion the Adniiniflration of the l-m-
pire nimmitted to his Cire, with the 1 itic of Ce/;r ;
ami after the Death of 'Jujlm, he fuce -fded him in the
Kmpire, s\hirh he g.jveriicd with f;ie:ir M.in;nanimiry,
ami h,,! t„,h Su<c.is againll the Pcr/uns, as reductii
tneir Tow I V -ly low.

He w.i. fuceeded, ,/. D. 5S2, by Mmririus, wlio
ma.'nrd his I^a^lf-ht•r /%«/<», and in the B ginning of
hisH-ifir, wjs v.ry profp<Tous, r-pelKd th.- Inva'irm of
Vv r:r/.y, ,r:' when th.ir K'ii,t ,I,jji, uU i;i[o Coilufion,
and tlieir Kii.g Cl'o/ntj ex^ e.'kv, he received that Mo-

iiai.-fi into hi» Dominion*, niul treateil lun, u,,k
Cieiic rofiiy and KindnM'. i he hkcw.lb tail. J , m^., "' "
tniertorehim, wl.uli he alfo jierformid virvhi""'
and by thi. M.ans the Commeru- bnwfin ,Sc(L'i'
ami the IW/l.ii.' wat renewed, to the grcir A^lvartj''^ /
IxrtS I'mpircN. The tlofe of thi, Fmtxr.,,', «
wa< not at all antwerablc to its HegieniPj; , u ,|,f ;„'=■'
umlcr the Contii, ind of their King Chutui, uivj > . ,''
Ktuptre I ami notwithlbnding all the I'letiuu..-," iC
Finpior could take to prevent the Progrcf, ,)| i' ''
Anns rava^^.rd all Tlr.i.r, and were on ||,e p,,,^, '
befK-ging (cujt.intin.^flt i but in this however thfv , ,.
prevented by a Plague, which fwept off me.Ul ivi
Army, upon which their King, who had tw>|»c thou
land of Maurutiii'y Subje.'U Pnlmurs, olVrtf,! to rir.' n
th'in lor Hall a Crown a piece, which not Ik- ncgnrttr'-
put thnn all to De.uh. This fo mtirh inccniijthc Pa-
of rvv:Uni,Hiplf, that tliey reWled, and called th.' 1 n- tu
a crucl,anil Kreedy 1 yrant. Hc,on thcothcrhii.i.w;,|,
afflicted with this unh.ipjiy Accidtnt, that hcly-H 1'.
IViiyen of all religi<ius P. ojde, that this OlTcnef L'l^
be panlonetl, or that he might r.teivc hu K-.vAmt
for it in this World. In this he Ibon had lii,\\i,1,.t.
Ft: as, who from a common Soli'itr, came wbc (iir,;J
ol his Army, rebelled .igainll hiir, was prwlaiiiud f.ii.
peror by liie Army, and purlii.'d .W/^nWa/ tj Uy/.nj,!,
where he put him with hu VVilc atid ChiMrtn loD.jili,
whieh Miuridus liiUVrcil with great lUiiciice, nivaz
thcic Words, Jltu artjuft, O I ok d, .)«,/ ilj JuJ^mvu
rrg'^Ui.ui. Thife I'.venti fell (,ut in the Year 6..1I

This /'m.i.t, .IS he attained the PrnpirebyTaalmini
Miir.ler, lij lie governed swth all the CircumiUnccj if
Cruilty and B.itbiriry that could render a Tyr,mt cdiou;
for b. ing fenlibic at at,\ that Ins Title was b.id, hccnM'
voured to fcciTc 'm ,lelf in t!ie PullMTion of the tmpu,
bv de!». •))l''g, w. h . Miicy, all w ho were any way r;.'
la;.d n t', ■ ImiKTial Pannly, or who wtr: fu ilillinguilhtij
Hy t.'. ir Vi:i.;es, or their iMiiployim nts astO[,vclm
;.ny I'mbi ige v and tins leading hitn to fhcd ik UWcf
a Multitude of tfie Nwbility, raiftd a general AWwitix;
ol his Ciovernnient I vir all the Knipire. But, Uii.lcsiiu"
<lnmertn.k 'I'roubU?, I'Icun, i\mol\ truin tlK'li.y..5;r.^u
h'< Heign, v.ms pn (Ted by a lurini.lable Fonign hicmf,
1 Ills w.is Clrfrsfs King of l\r/:.i, wlio, in (jr.it. tuj.- li
tlic Kindncis Ihewn him by the l'iii|Hror .\/.sa'ii.'v;, <t3
f.o I.Kjner informed of his Murder, than he invail.J i;;;
Provinces of the Greek F'.nipire Ixjrilering upon hi'. IX-.;.-
nion- 1 and this War, as it grievoully ililh (Tal a grcu IV.
of the I'.nipire, ferved to iiureali: the I latrcd ol the I'ccp!;
ap,ainll ttu Monller who had occafion..- 1 it. As .Mi;tj::a.i:(
ot tl'.is kiml I'ddom come alone,and as it b namralUi-n-
bitious Neighlwur?. to take all .Advjnt.ipcs ovcradfcluTiri;
CJovernment, io while the Allans of /'/(waj \^crciiU".J
Condition, the Ai'arts, Siluvonitsns, and other turluroa
Nations, broke into an.l ravaged his IXimiiiions. He, u
the mean time, inlfcii! of reforniing, KjntiniieilhisCnKij
and Lxwdiuis, till lie was liirpriled in V.s I'alaecby fw.''-
r.us, whole Wife he hail raviliied, and delivcrtd tuti;i:!>^
of Hdjc'ius, one of his (jenerals, w ho had uke:i A,tis
ag.iinll him. Wrrjc/zw, after uj braiding /'toi witli^a
Climes, lilt off his Feet, Hands, and Privities j aiiuit'ai
Ix-hcaded him. .'^iich was the F.nd of this bar' urwiiiinl
bloixl thirlly Tyrant, who, iiotw,thlbnding, waUki.itl
by the Churchmen of his Time ; crowned by tlie ^K-m
of CmjUHtinopU while the F.n;(>eror Mauruiui w i:J
living, and owned by the Romnn Poiitiir, on winiai w
bellowed the Title of I'niverlal Bifhop.

8. The general Corruption ot tiie People, anJ a Succa-
fion ( ither of Tynints or weak I'd les, Lad lo inlai'ld
the (.'rui Kmpire, that when //r....'.'.o .ifu.i >>i «
Throne, wluch was //. /). 610, he f.i.:-.d it i;jiccpo.lJ«
to nuke the necelTary Provilio'is lor t'l;- Saunty 't -i*
.State 1 ami therelure, when he was .i ;.'. .ked i") Cf-rW
K:ng ol /Vr/fd, he diil not Ixdiave with that CuiiltiKy
that might h ivc U-rn exjvdcd Irom .s IVIin ot l^^^i''-'^
Cour.igc, lor, inlKad of .inning to oppulc ikm, he «•
deas oureel to pure hale Pe.icc ; but when this was touM
im.oiaaicable, he conipromdl-d Matters witli the ..■•;"''
■ - ■ - ■'••■ irjV'-i

i'i

who were Juicmies no Icf* lorniiJablc than t..^

Chnp. n.

of the East Indies.

ami iililrtHi'l liimfdf fo th<' War, thoii(;li In- I f.ifuty
wii IJ txluiiihil, tfuit he W.I* |(<riTil tn >.iii) (lie I litirdi
I'UiP. Wliilc lie wa< ^np^.l^^l•ll iii thin W'.ir, ilir Avortt
hfnkr t!ie I'fJC'-i i""l a*lv4iK(il "■viri i(» \\w *iui' s <if Cow-
hjniiitiipif, wliiili «h'y iHlirnnl, Init wi'liout Succcri.
Iloiiiiiii I'"'" "•"■'' f'niliulcil ilic I'trfi.ui War witli muih
llcmiiir to himlilt, alter it hail l.tllcd lix Vi'iin.

It wus "I"' "f 'I"' ""''^ *••'''' "' >*''''*^^h wi-" '"'1 iiiy men-
lion in ilillery i fur it cxhaiilltil ti r Strtiinth, .iml in m
^;m,li,H),fia^|'rovnl tlir Kilin ot I'Otii l'.(ii|:i<.s \ lor wlilk"
(he /Vryv.-'i wcrr victorimis .11 lirO, tiny irVLT-r.m all t^yi I,
rliindcnil t''i' I'lOjilc without Mercy, intiiiiiitcil tluir
Coinmaii'. ;i"il ili'lkrnycil ilnir Mj^.i/iiu -. VVIimi the
Qritki in tlmr I nm liul the Utttr ol tli.' l\r/imis, tliiy
rivcnp'iltlifl'VVrniiKslinMiiliaily, tint til yiHiii'ly broke
the hirer .itii. Spirits lit flu- I'n/i.iii', wIikIi !',-.irii.' ptuvcJ
i orcattr MistiirtiiMC to tlut Nation tii.iii in tin- Uomttus
liiciiiklvci 1 lor il the- I'tijiiiii li.t 1 nut hit 11 in li; wiik .1
lomiituiii, the Sariictm wouM luvcr h^iv.- been alilc to
hive over-run their Country id the luaiiiu r tiny iliil, aiui
whifh attirw.iriK aliorilcil thi 111 an ()|';ioitii,uiy ot kiUic-
1MB the moll Viliialiir IVovincf, ct the (Ifn-K I'.mjnrL-.

it is V(ry uiiiaikablf, tii.it upon the I'lll News ol the
Vittorin wfmh llir,iil:ui naiiuJ over tl.c Pir/ta>i>, mic ol
the t)rirci|ui Monau lis ol ilir Indits lint to iiiin|'hiir.nt
him iijxin that Ucculion, and niailc liini a i'liii-nt ot acon-
liilTal'lc (^i.intity ol line I'cirl, aiul prciious Stones, .nul
ibme Vuiis attirwarili rcpcitcii tliis Civilny imidi to tlir
KiiU)tr(ir'i S.UhtaClioii. 'I'liis is ,1 vtry lingular Ciitum-
iljiicr, anil ihcws that tluic mult have hecii rotiu' jUi vuuis
t'lcn l|M)nilciui' hitwcTii thcle I'rinces •, Imt it was one ol
the l.ili Inllaiiit s ol Inciullhip which (^afli'il Intwccn tlicli:
Siitf'i tor bflon- the IVceali: of this Km[Kror, all the
Pfuvinci? Iroin which any CorrtlpoiKlcnre could lie carried
in v.ith the liulics, were torn troni the Grcch ; and xs this
il a Circuniftanci- which very nearly concerns our Subject,
II IS riijiiilite, tor the iKtter uikleilKiii'ling it, that wc
ihi,ii' 1 enter into a more |)articular Account ol this remark-
abli- I'.v lit.

I). Mib-mmti!, the Autlior of a new Ri li^;ion, and of ,i
nci. tpipire, lit up lor a Prophet alxjut two Vcars In tore
lliTMliit) kgan to rti}»n ■, but ilr.' Jkgitii, or I'lij'jit troin
//...J, which i.s the i^'.ra of the Mol.\immuLns, ami whu h
hjipentil when A/(»i<i»»wr(^ was lilly-lourY'eaisoKI, i'. lixid,
at. niing to the Ixrft 1 lillorians, to 'July 0, ./. />. da.;.
Miinmmtd furvived this ten Years, and though at hi'^ lirll
ai umingthc Sovereignty, he had no more th.m thirty iJuli-
jcus 1 ytt hetorc hi.s Death he had laid the Foundation of
a vfr\' pwerlul Monarchy. He wii liiccccdcd by his
fathir-m-law AiMllab, furnamcd Ji>iil/ikre, by which
N.iini' only he is mentioned in moll 1 lillories. Tlic
Mcaiiinpot it in .frai/ic is, Tlh' Falbcr cf ibe t'irgin -, and
tic w.is lo (aim), l-ecaufe his Uaui^hter .'lij'Jja was the only
ciuul Mcb^iiiimcd'iWivn whom h;' married a bile a V'ir{;in.

This Jtuiio.rc was the lirll Kbaliff, which is anoilur
Arah Word that li^^lfies a t'lcnr, ot SuhjUtuU, and a
hatjjor, and thi HiiLJTi were etlecined both with relpeCt
to Mehmmiied. In the lecond Vt ar of iiis lU-ii^n he invaded
tirfu 1 iikl in the third and lall he lent Kbali!, one of his
ti it Loinmanders, with an Army of jO.ooo Men to in-
va.ic the lircfk LMnpiie, whidi he ) ••rformed with Siiec, N,
Ur„i ilitcatcd a great Army wliich Ikiaclitif lint againtb
: him.

Omr lliceeeded .'Ihubdre in tlie thirteentli of tlie /A;';; .; 1

I n the hrll Vcar ot Ins Urii;n lu- became Mailer ol Damnj-

f^.'. anil in the ktond he reduced ail Syria, liavin;.; turced

/iiT.;c//;(.r, who eanie in I'crlbn to its Uelicl, to retire pre-

I til«ati:y. I'iic -lext Y'ear he made himlill M.illei ol Je-

rujjlm, and ;i!l the Country of l'iu<jliiu\ wliile one <jf liis

il->uicnants intirely iiibdued /Viy?./, and put an I'.nvl to

t.;at aneinit Kingdom in the Perfoii of 'Jezdr:;erd, who w.is

[i.'iHall (it [heir I'rinces.

Afttr this Coni)uert tlic Saruc^ns, as tluy wuv tin 11

', iteinaiuied I'rihute of Egypt \ and Cyr.is Bnhop of

■ndriii, knowing the ilirtrelleil Condition of the Lm-

. ami leaiing the Confequences ot a W ai, confeiitu! to

I fjyan .miuial 1 ributeol ;.oo,ooo Aurci.wiih which tor two

'••iri the Sar,ufiis were contented, and very probably

' ;'l have licen fu for a long Space of Time, if the L'.mt

1^ w M 11. j -.

. 509

peror lltradim lu I not taken this in ill Part, and tnitej
it as 4 111 ccing of Ins Siibjii'ts to inruh the Infl!, |j. J Ic
beltowid tluTilorc the (,(jv> riiment fil l^.^ypl im w .time'
ntan, whole Name wis Muiud, with the Title of Pr,*-
filui .iiiguji.ihs, who, wh. n the I'nbutc was leiiianded
luxt aniwered, tliat they hid lormerly a I'n- II, but now •
•Soldi'r, to tir.il with, Omar tiiereui'on I iit /imrou \\\s
(ienrral with a \mut\l Army into that Coim'iy, where,
wlien It was too liti', llii.idiui WoukI have renewed the
'I're.ity mule by Cyrus, and would willingly have paid the
lornt'T I'ribiite. Uut .Iiiirr.ii, in die Sp,K(: ol two V'-ati,
con(]iierril the bell part ol the Country, ,uul laid Sir^r,' to
/IliMindriii. While lie liy belore the I'lace, which jv Id
out lourteen Months, thi' l''.m|irror fl uuliui died, aiij
bung liKieeded by Ins .Son, who was a Minor, fl, .•,;;>,. .ivfj
at tlieir 1 Ailure proliciited the C mquell ol /'.(^v/i/, and fo.m
altir anii'xrd tiiereto all tli'' ad|acent t oiintriei,

Omir the lecond Kialijff Igiitd hut t'.-n Years and a IkiII',
and in that Space of 'I'ime liiUhinl Ajr/j, Clittldai, A/Wi-
poiiimia, I'tr/i,!, Eayfl, a id Pan ot dfiia \ that is to lay,
as lai a. 'Irlpcli in tiiirhnry. B, tin, lllow t.r; lioiUins, aj
thry tilled iliMiil Ivvs, or fiV.'.t', as tluy were lliled by
others, loll all tiw n lulKrn Ppviiices, and the I'raleio
tlic liidhf intiicly, whiiii lor tie. preli it frlfeii.d M\ ablb-
lute Interiuption, the .irabs being at tluit time intirely ad-
ditted to War \ and though they wer: uvaritious eiicugh,
had no great Notion ol I omiierce. It is liarce to be con-
nived how great an .Alteiation the Uil'eol this new I'.mpirc
made in the face ol All'iliv, and what proJgious 1) lola-
lion enlued belore thele t omiuerors c.im ■ t'>b. foftcned to
fuih a Digree, as to eiiliivate the Arts ot Peace, and to
cndeaviiur, iiy thcKules of Policy, to ell.iblilli and maintain
the mighty I'^miiire th.y iiad acqiiucd, the grctll indeed
and moll ixtmlivc that the V.'orld had iverlecn, reaching
Wellward as far as Spain, .uu! I'.allvvaiil to the v.ry l-'ror-
tiers ol the Indies. Uur .ii,lij'-Lt oblig'-.s us to examine tiie
Progrels of their Power ill A'i;_y/)/,beca'.ilc' it ntit only opene.l
once -WAW the 'I'r.ide thrinigh the R':d-S\-a, but alio that of
Eurnpr, I y the lame Canal to the Eril- Indies.

10. That Impitiiolity and \'iolcnce wliicli cnabK'd the
Siirafcns to make themtelvi.6 M.illei'. in li) lliort a tiiuc of
fiieh vail Dominions, was not like to liilflr them to con-
tinue long under one Mead, which, however, was undoubt-
edly t!. Delign of iVMw«;w^ their l-o'Under. Weliavcnot
room to f ntcr 'ere intoall the Reafons ol fh.it Divifion which
hnppeneil anion;', the Arab Pri '.ces, and therefore lli.ill con-
tent ourlllvcs with one, which was the great Dillance of
their Provh^-es, tliar natur.illy g.ive an Opportunity to llich
as weie iiitrulUd witli the Ciovernnuiit of them to lit up
for themft Ives.

We h.ive already Hiewn how all tli,;t Parr of 'f'iia,
which h.id bciii iimler t!ie Dominion ot ihe Re;::au, fell
into their I lands 1 and we lli.ill next obleive, t...it .H'ulcaf-
, iMiwimi'd Inn /tlddiiib, biing in PolleliiiMi ol I'mz
ot Africk, let up tor hiiiil' If in the Year of the llcg'rA 296,
and took the Title not ot Klaliff, but of M(iha:i, which
lignilies Director, or t hief i'lielt. 1 le lixed the Seat of hii!
Government at Lairo,in, which is a Name the Arabs be-
llowed on the ancient City u\ Cyrene, or ra'.hcr anew City
built on the Rums of the old one. He left the Govern-
ment to his Son CiiJ.ni, wlio removed the Sc.u of l'".mpire
to M.ihadie, a new City wliich his bather had erecled ; and
his Cirandlbn Avou 7: mini Maud, better known by his Sir-
name Aloiz Ledinillab, who fucceeded in the Year of the
Hegira .541, prolleuted the Drfign which his Anccllors
h.itl entertained of making himlelf Mafter of Egypt.

With this View he lint his General Giaubar, who was
a Gr(ck by Birth, to inv.ide tiiat Country, of which he
made himlilt intirely M.ilter ; and in the Year of the Ue^ira
35S, laid the I'ouiidatii.n ot a r.ew City, which Maz le-
dinillab iclolved lluiuld be the Capital of his IV'minions.
As the .iiahs were exceedingly addided to Ailroio^sy, par-
ticul.tr Care was taken tliat the iirtl Sioneof tiiis City fhoukl
be laid, whoi the Plana Mirs w.is in the All .ndant v and
as this I'lanet is by them called Caber, the new City was
called Cdherah, or Ai Cdber,ib, that li, the \'ic1unous ;
and is the lame which the Eurvpcars call Cr.im, or Grand
Cairo. I have been the more careful in markinjj the Date
of tills City's Foundation, which agrees with tr.e Vcar of
O our

1 II

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If !■,«<■ '3': ' ;, : hi'

Il III ir^-

■^41

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JiHkfW!

J5i.:-1&;!r :

510

7hc Difcovcry, Settlement, and Commerce

Book!.

V 1 1

lit

IS; i

our Lord 0^53, bcraiifr many, othcrwiir rrurate Writers Por, as thi-y found it nrcefTiry to kfep up a n,i,rt,^,

have Ixrn led into Milbkcs about it . i>articti!irly the ft.inciinR Army, becanfc, tliougli they made but . Z

I'lmeA Bifhop //«/<•.', who in tlie forty-( iL;lith Chapter ol ot the Sultan's Troops,, yet it was imponible tor ,w

his Hiltory of the Commerce of the Ancients, fays, it was to tmft either the Arabs or the Ej-yptiam i th.y ,

built ./D 7951 ■»"'!''"«''<" ''*'fy-"S'^'''^'M'ff'" of ''i^'*'^*' •'"■= '"'^ Recoiirfc to the purchaling all the m

Work, tills us It was built A. D. gS^- ^'"'■'^ ''""y ^o"'*' ""«« w«h, but particularly ,hc c.r!t

As loon as More. Leiiinilhb was informed that thii City ^ans, which inhabit a Part of the Coaft of ihxBlncks

was nniilial, lie removed, with all hisTreafure, from hii old and have, in all Ages, had a barbarous Cuftom ot milri!'

Capital, .ind maile his Entry into Cairo in the Yearot the Mcrchandile ot their Children j and for the bnr r

Ht£ii<t 36:, and there t(¥)k the Title of Kbalif. His curing ot tlu-le Children, the Afamelti.! ent-fd ,ri'*

SuccclTors were iVilcd Kbaliffs of F-iyft, to dillinguilh them Treaty witli the Grtffc tmperors, tor fenHin.' an a^n^ 1

from tlie KMifs of Baed^t, who were eflcemtd the true Fleet into the Rltick-Sea. Thefe Children they rniwd

Succefibrs of Moimmel This City was very conveniently in their own Dilcipline j but by an unaccountable Bkril

fituatcd o;i the ^^/^ and became in Time no left confider- in Polituks never incorporated them into thn- o»

able for its Commerce, than for its being the Scat of Em- Corps, Init dilpoleil of them in Garrilons in the H-jftu

rire ; Ami ir was by this Means that the old Trade, by their Country, in in a fort of Fortrcfles, which th.7 cjM

the Way of the Rea-Sta, was once more reftored to Urge, and ttom thence this nw Corps of ;;/««,//„ j|J

f.rypr, wliidi f.ourilhed exceedingly ufidcr this new Race the Name of Bcrgiies\ and growir.g more numfroic Z

of Princes, ai apwars by the Revenue whiiii it prothiced the old Corps, dcpnvecl Keluun, who was thclallSuia.

to its KhalilV, and v.lnch, as FJm.icinus tell, us, amountcti of liic ''irlt DynafVy of the Empire, «ml t.-anjfcrtjd k

to no IcTs thin three hundred Millions of Crowns of to theniiel/.-3.
Gold. It is of "'« f^o"'^ DynaRy of the Mamtlncs, of whirt

The KIulil!s of Esyfl were nine in Kumb.r, and the mod Authors ate to Ix' underftood whin they Ibrak of tl-

laft of them was MtaJ, who was dejxjfcd by SjtaiitH, A/awf/«<-; as the Children of Chrittians, for I'uch the C/rl

General of Nounddin, Sultan of VimnfcBs, in the Year inffiavs were. Thefe Boi^ius remained Maftcn oUrv

of the Hr^ira 56;, A.D. 1 i,-t. Sal.i^'.in entering the to the Year of the He^ira 923. A. D. ki;, „!„.„ 'fi^

Palace of the JChalitf, who died immediately afnr he laft Prince Tbomam Bry, was defeated by Sdim the firl)

was depolld, found there prodigious Kiches and aniorMl Emjiemr of tlic Turks, who caufed him to be hnnd

the reft a noble Proof of the Commerce of the Jndw, f ver one of the Gates <>f Gr<;»rfCfl/>«5 andtothcf«rk

which was the fineft Ruby m the World, perfertly tin;- " ' " "

and bri!-;ht, and w ighing very near an C)ui-.ce and a ';a'f

" ■ ■•7

,':,:l.-

df.

fm^re, J-g^vft Ms been a Province ever fincc. It«^
un^.' tliefe Mamtincs that the Rajhfndia Tra.lc was in,
; --It rn'afoir, reftored to its old Channel} that is to >
.i|i S(>ri«, of Indian Commotlirirs were convtvird hv t^t
R-lSea to the Coaf>s of E^l \ from thence ro Crji
Ciuro^ at d fo by the Nik U) /titxandrta, where 3 (-y;
P.irt of them was [-.urchaied by th» Atfro/tMifj -, and itVi
by this Commerce that hjypt was (b rirh in their 1±'
that the l'rnirceir)r of Tbnmam Rr> gave, at hisActtf-
fion to tlu- Throne, by Way oi l.arpclb to his Soldias,
ten Millions of Diicars at once. M.iVin;; thus, asbriefr
as jxilfible, nin throu{»h the lliflory of F-iypi, it will:«
requifite to enter more particularly into the Commer» of
the Ar.ibtanj in the Eaff, without which, the fubfreirt
Part of the Work could not fie [jerfetJtly underftood , isi
this likewili , we Ihall do with all imaginable Brrvitj', inor-
I'er to prcferve a due Proportion lietwrrn this Seifffn w)
the reft, as well as that jieccfTary Connection bet^■.•reIl in
fVveral lV.rts of this Hiftory •, fo that the dtftlrrt..( la's
which this Trade to the ladits hath taketi, miy th; 7)t.
evidently "v. far. A Talk difficult to accotrplilh in b
narrow a Ccmpaf*, and the more fo, beaufe »t tr.ird
through an unbeaten Road, and areobliged tochiigeos
Guiifes almoft at every Stage.

n. One wouki naturally imaf^ine, from tlie foregoi'w
Accounts of the Arabians and Mobammedm \n genets!,
that they were not the Peojikr in the World Kft difjoisi
for cultivating Trade, and fettling thcmfelvcs in diitrrt
Mtrina ; for the fc People were, generally Ijieaking, Parts of the World with a View to Commerce ; yrt it
rit'.er ycung Twi/ur J.irtars, Ibid into F^ypt by the will appear plainly in the Courfe of this Work, thittlitj
Merchants from wlicmi .•!(?,ain they were Ixnight by the were ai'hnlly difperfed into the moft dilhnt Countria ;J
Sultan, e aicated at h;<. f-".xprnce, at:d emjjloytd to defend the Indies, n.ay, and through Ciina itl'clf, wit.hojt tlu
the maritime Places in the Kingilom. The plain Keafon AfTiffance of Force, and where they could not have been
of this Inflitution w.is, lycaufe the native I^fiians were led by the Spirit of Ambition, lor which we have fa
found fo weal, and efTrminate, from a long Courle of tfiem hitherto diflingui(he<l. It is t!'.ereforcnecefi7t'i'
SLivcry t!ut, tli^y were unfit for Arnr, ; and perhaps this wc fhould ^ive the Reader a f.iir Account ot this Mirr,
!•• the Cafe of all Nations, when in tlie .State ot the F^f- and make him acquainted with the Means by which ihtT
/,.;;;.'. that is to I'jv. when thev have no ProtKrrty to fu'ht fbrcad themfelves in fo extraordinary a Manner, iwi-TJ

This prodlgiou-^ Wealth, and the having 1 gr at .
abfolutely at his IVvotion, tempted him to ie: up tor .'
felt i and having made hin-l'.'t M .Ifrr c.f F'-f' '■,- ;
after extended his Dominions over alf thr CV.'T/'ic
D.mflj'its, PalfJJiKf, nr.d Syria. He left, at hi>- !>-.-
his Kinp-iom cf F.^iyfl to 'iLs fVcond Son Oitm.u-, '*!ii)
died in the ^Var q\ the {{f^ira /;9';, and wa' I'lcceeded
by hi'. B.other, \\]\o was f'lon deprived hv liis I'rcle Ma-
lek .11 Atii!, wholV Grandlbn MrM .■!! .«'.;('■•*, fticcerded
in the Ye.ir cf tl'.c Ilfgira 647. He enlar.-jed t.'ieCity of
Ctiro, and fbrfifud it with a Itrong U'all, and was \\:\n-
tio^n over St. Ix:i:s of I'rtnsce, in the Year of the He-
gin 64S. Bur this Prince was huss-jver the lall of his
Houfe i fcr rot long after, the Mc'rhttk.*, or Mamelues,
as they a'C g.-nera'ly called, wlio weru* a kind ot mere ;-
nary Jioid^'rs. rt v.,lted from him, and f-rced him to take
SlK-itfi in a wooi'eii Tower, whuh hung over the Nik.
To this 'lower the Mutineers fet Fire, arui thereby cotn-
piled the unfortui-.ate Monarih to jump into the Nile,
where he w.is drowned.

By t'lis Acci lent F^-^ff once .igain r hanged its Matters ;
for th: !■ ^'.•v•,dues bec.ime Sovereigns ot the Country,
and I ho!" their Ci-r.eral, whole Name wis Itek, Sultan,
who thereupon took th- Name of Ahn.ihh .,.'/ ./n/. He
was the Irft Prince of the Dyn.ijiy of theic Mamrlucs,
which \v;re liii'tinguifhrd by the Name of BoLarites, or
for thefe

.in:, that is to lay, when they have no ProjKrrty
fcr, are neithei to be the lictt^-r for N'ifloty, nor cairbe
snorfe by any Dcteat. Thele l-'oundhngs made excellent
SoKliers ; iur, having n') K-dations or Friends, Init amongll
their own Corps they turned all their 'I'houghts to the
cxccllu'g in their ProfefTion , as they pla(ed all tlicir
Ilopes in .icquiiing the princi]i.il Polls in their Militia.
Tins rxtr:ior.'i"ar\- Event t.il 01.1 m the Year of the He-
ftr.i (':,'■', A D. 1250. They eV-dcd, on the Death of
i< i'l.nie, .ai-.t.'ier out of their own Bovly, and field the
K ng !cm wirh-nit Inte-rupiion till the Ve.ir of the /I,)>u,i
7>... v.''',-t they were deprived of it exadtly m the lame
Mant.er in wliiJi liad t'lry acqu.';rd ;:.
i

fiary

f()!e Mailers of the Indian Commerce, even in the !*!»■

thcmlelvcs, and thereby drew it into Inch CountrioM

were under their I>)minions \ from whence it va: ti™

cut into other Parts of the World, but Hill in tbcha.Vto-,

nrr, that the betl Part of the prwiigiout i'rotits a-in|

from that 'I'rade, centered in them. In order ri tte

and that the whole may Iv" l>roi)<^ht into as little R«i

as |X)IIible, we thall, upon this H<i<.\ obfrrve, t.hat, Irta

their own Hi(l(-ries it ti Hear, the Arah forr^riifi

S, ttlements four levcral Ways •. by ( 'oneiucft, by U.:^

very, l-.y 'IVade, and by Million : By the fin^ '•''f!' F^

fclT.il ihcnilclvcs of all cljc Provinces, which niJ^i; ' ,

n..

MVy.

Chap. ir.

df the East Indie

V.1II Emi'irc \ by tlie fctonil, ilicy gut Footing In AftUas
ilown 10 Caft Coritnies^ among the |H)or unurini'd C'r</)fj,
who had it no' '" ''i^'"' I'ow '*< l^rqvcnt ihcni lrt)in Ki*-
ing on what Paru they faw gooJ, '1 licir Ctiloniin til
Mmdoxoy BrmMy and i^w7««, were lomcwhitt 111 the
Nature ot ours in thefc latter Times, Init ni)t lit ilillkult
to maintain, becaufe of the rroxinnty (»!' the JitJ'Stti,
whence the /trais had all Sorti ol Airillantc, Uy the
two other, they fratcd themlclvet in all iithcr I'arii, but
nure clpaially by Commerce.

Thele Voyagci were not in thofe Dayi fo lajti «nil li)
frequent, and therefore the Merchants were- luuler a Ni'
canity of making a long Stay at the prinriiuil M>ir(i,
where they took Wives i their Religion allowuiB I'liiraliiy,
Thei'e n»w Families brought on others, aiitl tlit; l'nni;e»
being fenfiblc it was greatly for their Advant;inc to draw
the Tri'de ot Per/ia, Arabia, and at the iiinic 'I'ime ol
imt and Eureft by the Rtd-Sea, into th' ir own I'uits
thele Merchants met every where with tlic kiinUll:
Ulagc they eovikl wilh. The idolatrous I'lincrs uin-
firmed in their old Siipcrftitions, were not at all lan|mloii5
about DitfereBCCs in Religion, but admitted all indlllc*
rently ; io they reaiiily allowed their SiihjeCU Co em-
brace Mthammtdifm., which they piflerrtd to the rtft,
becaufe of the Hopes thefe Arabs Rave tht ni ol Protct-
tion from the Sultans, whole Power was known in the
remoteft Parts of the Lad. Even Princes tlipmlelves
made Profeflion of Mohammcdifm in troublclbmc Times,
that the Moors might join them i fur, in latter ^Afn^
they were fo multiplied, that they peooUd whole Ci-
ties, or, at leaft a Pari of the moll conliiierable, Thin
this Religion which has nothing very inconvenient in it,
dui, by little and little, obtain in nwny Parts \ and at
length received an AtcdFion of Power, when lome of iti
Pruitllbrs being railed to the firlt Polls in the Cotitti of
Car,ba^a and Guzziinit, invited a greater Numht'i of
thofe /Ifiaiic 'Juris called Rumis, and even lci«cd tm Ionic
Polls, as Mulic Aziz, who r.iilcd a conliderabk Settle-
ment at D:u, from whence he a long 'i uuc inlc lied the

by li.i.le and Religion, the Arabs ^m Footinfj; in llimB
Parts ol Muliibar -, id by the fame Means tli< y eanu' t(»
be vay coi.lulf rable upon Mahuca. 'I'hty liilt Wiiit llii-
thtrai Mochants, and fome of them tluro fl)(iM^ iluii-
Abode, gained many gf the Idolaters ovir Ut Atol<<immal-
ijm. iruni Malacca they failed round to the MolHuas \
ar.J having prevaileil on the Kings of 'rniurt and 'Itt'ildK,
together with fcvtral others to join with ihcm ill Ueli-
gw;i,they rcap'd great Benefits from thele Princet, whom
the Concerns of 'I'raile, and the I'rotcciinn thele M./on
gave them room to hope, conlirmed in MoiumimiJil"!-
ALCording to die roriugutfi ^S'nten, they had not bren
lonj fettled in the Mcluicas, before this I >iUyvt ry ol the
kites. Thus, in a very ftiort Space of 'link', and with
out the Afliftanceoi any confiderablc maritime Forie, the
/iSraijilid more than the Grttles and Romans in the C'giirle
of lb many Ages; and ;t is highly prohalik, ihcy would
havepulhed Matters lUU farther on this Siilc, it they had
not bi.cn hindered by the falling of the Purln^utif into
thisi'artof the World, which put an immedutc Stop to
tJicir Progreli.

They tound, however. Means to make the moll of
ihtir good Fortune, and to become the C.inicis ol Ku-
rapt with refptiit to the Commerce of the Fall ( and ihii
tuo in futh a manner, that they Ihut out all otlirnt Ik im
ravigating thofe Seas, and thereby drew .111 immriili' I'lo-
fit to thimlirlves. For the Indians broujiiht by Liiid lo
CuW and fome oihcr Places, and by Se.i to (iofurii and
^'Tof, all the Commotlities of the India unil Chitiii.
Kin>were brought into Syria by tlu: Proviiiii's nl Adtrlt-
j'un, by Curdtji. in, and other Parts mor:- iv.irtlirrly i f^ioit
•^antitii!, ol iht; fame they alio hail liimi the lUrkiry
^wll, and by the Way of the Rfd Sci, Iriuii wlirme a
i railt Was carried on with them all over I'xyfl' Frt/I11
the lame Places they had Gokl-diilt -, (luld aho lliry had
liunulie Mines of i"t./rt,'u, |iroii{;lii to tiKin by the /Vc-
i''"!, wIkj itaded with tfiyp' I'y the Way ol the Dii.itt,
*Ji Imin Pent to I'ort quite to the A'l..' .'km i liom CtyloH
*ik1i1ic InJio, (hey by tlitir Trado with tlte Ll/tiifji and

Mian Merchants, had Si|k, rich Stuffs, and many other
Manufadlurcs, Drugs and Spices.

With this Stock of Goods they drove a very confider-
ablc Commerce by the. way of Caberah, or Cairo, with the
ytnttians, the Genoefe, the Catalans, and the Creeks^
which was eafily done by reviving the old Mart of Alex-
andria \ which Port, though it was far from recovering its
lormer Magniticcnce, became once more famous in the
World, by becoming what it formerly was, the Centre of
Commerce between the Eaftern Parts of the World and the
Well. This llicws the great Confequence of a right Situa-
tion, and is a new Proof of the Wifdom and Penetration
of Alexander the Great, who forefaw, that whatever became
of his Empire, the new City which he crefted, and v/hich
he honoured with liis Name, would continue to make a
cunlidcrable Figure, as long as Trade was capable of giving
Credit to any Place. It is true, that the Revolutions wliich
happened in the Government of Egypt, after it fell under
the Dominion of the Mohammedans, and of which wc hav^
already given a fuccinift Account, frequently afFefted this
City to a ^-ery great Degree -, but flill the Excellence of
her Port, and the many Conveniencies that refulted from
the Commerce carried on thereby to the Matters of Egypt,
whoever they were, preferved her from total Dcftrudion,
though in the Hands of tlie mud barbarous Nations; for
the Delire of Wealth is fo natural to Mankind, that it fof-
tens the moll rugged Natures, and difpofes them for th«
fake of Interell to a kind of counterfeit Humanity.

But it was the Portuguezc, who by the Difccvery of the
I'allage to the Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, that gave
the Ijill Blow to this Commerce, and finally extingudhed
tlic Glory of Alexandria ; which, as we have ihewii, de-
pended upon their Sovereigns preferving the Monopoly of
the 'iidian Trade.

It was for thisRcafon that the Venetians allKlcd privately
the Mohammedans in their Endeavours to prever.t the Por-
titgueze from fettling in the Indies ; from whence we may
ditcern, that Interell operates mou' llrongiy tlian Religion,
Neighbourhood, or indeed any other Principle whatever.
The Portuj^ueze were Chrijlians, huroptwis, and good
Allies to the State of Venice ; the MoL;y,::dmis were none
of tiiti;', but their Intcreft and Trade w;;s the fame ; and
whatever affeded the Commerce of the one, iiiuft necef-
finly be detriment.il to th.it of the other. In (hort, the
Difpute was, whedier the Peiir-fTors of E^pl, and the Ve-
netiiim, Ihould divide betweci- L:.!'m the Profits of the In-
dian Coni.iierce, or whether it fliould remain inv.: ' ' fo the
Porlugueze ; antl there is no Reafon to wonder, d, c when
this was the Qaellion, a State depending fo niuc.; upon
Commerce as that of Venice did, fhould fet all Coniklera-
tionr. afidc in ortler to attend more clofely to her Iiitereft.

It is not, however, to be underftooel from hence, that
the Indian Commerce, by the way oi Egypt, is even at this
Day entirely dellroyed, or that the Venetians have no far-
tlicr Concern therein ; neither of which is, (Irit^ly fpeakr
ing, true ; but that this Commerce is nothing now to what
it Wiifi, either with refpedt to the Egyptians, or the Veno'
lidni, is daily declming, and muil decline more and more,
the Pallagc by the Red-Sea, the Country of Egypt, and the
Commerce of the Port of Alexandria, having now loft thofe
»lilhni!;uilhing Advantages which for fo many Ages they
poirclUd, and which enabled them to recover as they did,
alter fuel) intolerable Devallations as they were expoled to.
We may eafily fatisfy ourfelves as to the Truth of this,
by comparing; the Revenues of Egypt, when in the Hands
of the Arabians, with what they now produce, to the
lurk : The former amounted to three hundred Millions of
Clowns, and the People were not at all opprcfTed ; the
latter are fixed at three Millions, and the People are beg-
gared by the railing that Sum. Wc may add to this, that
loimeily there were in Egypt, as Diodcrus Siciilus informs
us, three thoufand Cities, where.is now there are not above
three hundred confiderablc Towns, and none of thefe can
boall any thing of their ancient Splendor. It is now time
lor in to return to the Greek Empire, and to fliew in as few
Wuiils as polTible how it funk into Ruin.

\i. CvnJLiHlinc the Son of Heraclius fucceeded his Fa-

Ihfi i but in the fourth Month of his Reign he was poi-

fonid by lub Mother-in-law Martina, a Woman ot great

' Parts,

«l ,:. '

'i'

.•■ri^!lff:i-J

■t«i

t!, Jl

m\M

h''

,;f'

^ <•)

'fi

^11 I'hc Dilcovery, Settlement, /7/;^/ Commerce Book I

Parts, tnd of bewitching Speech. She raifeti her own Son the Amftance of the Genotfe, dethroned him, and (hut I,
to the Throne » but the CJovemment being in Confufion, up in a Monaftcry. It was under the Reign of tliiH,r
and all things going to Wreck, the Senate cm out the Em- Andronicus that the Turks became very formidahle i
preft's Tongue to prevent her deluding the People any threatened to com pleat that Ruin which the War-c'i hi
more with Ikt Eloquence \ and cut off his Nofe, Icll he l>cgun, to which they were encoiirapai by theloofeAdmi
ftould gain the People's AffedUon by his Beauty. CenflaHs, niltration ot this 1' nipcror and his SucrclTcrs

the Grandchilil of the old Emixror, was thin raifed to the "'-'- ^'"' '-■ ' ■'■ '^ -

Throne, and reigned twenty-feven Years j his Son Coifjinn-
line fuccecdej him, under whom Cenftantinople was belirged
by the Santctns ; but they were obliged, however, to r:\ilc
it, and lie had afterwards great Succefs againft then). His
Son "Juftittian was (fill more fortunate, but withal fo p.trti-
dious, that when lu- h.id made a Peace with their, up<;n
good Terms, he broke it whin he thought it for Ins Ad-
vantage, \\ hich cxpiifed him to Hatred abroad, and Con-
tempt at home, fo th.it he wai dcpofed and lunilhed -, but
was .dtcrwards rellorcd, by the .AITidana: o( the Bul^a-
liaHs, and bchaviii with great Cruelty, alter he rccoycrtd
his Dominions. He even invaded the 'IVrritorirs o( that
Prince, who had protcckd and rtftored him, by whom his
Army was totally d.ltated •, and now being grown (kIuhi';
to every IkvJv, his Siib'ct'ts rebelled againlt him, ami cut
o(f his and hi^ .vms f leads.

The two iiirceedint, Empeiors were dcpofed, ahd I'hco-
litfius alx!;r.!rcd the f.mj'if of his own Accord v and thi n
teo the Third became lvmi>eror, who was the Son ol a
Shoim.iker, in wholi- Time the Saracens agiin blocked up
the City I't CcnftM'.imp'e fcir thixe Ycir-, but were at lail
obliged to rt tire : He was fucucded ./. 7). 741, by Ins Son
ConJI,!it!i»e Cclrommut, who was very luccelstul againft
the b'arreeis, and held the t'nipirc thirty-four Years,
and then kCt the Throne to his Son Leo IV. who was like-
wife a gnat Prince, and defended his Dominions with equal
Coiirarie an.i Suicds. 1 Ic ruled the l mpire only live
Years,' and might have rftablilhcd both the Reputation of
hs Government, ami the Succc(rion o( his Family, if it had
not bi-en for the over-lraring Temper of his Flmprcfs Iren^,
who after his Death (irft governed in Cor.junttion with her
Son Ccnftanline Pcrphro^fHiluSy and at'tcrw,.nis murdering
him and all the Royal Family, reigned (or fome time aline,
till in J.D. SoJ, (he was deixiltil, and fliut up in a
Monal^ery.

Cbarlfmagnf having now a(fumed the Title of l-".m{>eror
of the Well, it funk the Reputation of the Grttk Mo-
narchs rxcccdingly \ and the fucccciiing Emperors being
mo(^ of them unfortunatr, and many o( them unworthy,
there tell out nothing but Tyrannies, Rebellions, De[xj(i-
tions. Murders, and (uch-like Confudons, during the Space
of lictween thre- and four hundreil Years, till the Holy
War broke our, when through the Madnefs of the Wellern
Princes the F.mperors o( the F.aft might, if they had ma-
naged prudently, have recovered their tormer dlory 1 but
they Ivh.ived unreadily, balcly, and pcrlidioully, duiina;
the wlxJe War ; and b( fiii s they were perpetually plagiu d
with Rebellions and Revohitioiis, in which the l^tmi, for
their own fakes, taking part, let up /tUsis .ifigdus, whom
the Graks murdered ; which threw alj that Part ot the
World into the utmoft Confulon, fo that the Chriftian
Princes, inftta*! of profecuting their Wars 3gain(l the
Turks, turned their Arms upon the Greeks, who in the
mi(i(^ of thcfc Midortunes could not agr'.-e amongft them-
I'elvcs, but divided their F'mpirc nito two under /lUxts
Commenui, who nude 'I'rrliiilnd z Town in Natelia on the
£w*;«f Sea, his Capital 1 and 'l/jeoJcrus I^jiari.', who made
AJriait3pl(th<.-S<.:ii ol Ins ( jovcrnment, while the Latins (eizcd
the greated Part o( the Empire, becaulc the Greeks did not
reimt)ur(e their Cliarg( (or refloring yoving /-;/^x/,j. By this
means the Greek I'.mpirc was d.vided ii,to three Parts, and
the L/ttins fcf up HMwin Count ol llanJen to be Emjaror
at Ccnjlnnlineplc.

This great Event hapjxrncd about the Year 1 200, and
the Latin Emperors, which were tivc in Number, remained
po(reff«l of CtmJIantiHeple for fixty Years-, and then it was
recovered by the Greek l-'mpror Michael PaUelogus, who,
though a bail Prince, enlarged his Dominions, and delrnded
himfelf bravely againft all his Enemies •, and alter a Kciirn
of twenty-three Years, left the Empire to his Si.n Jndrn-
nicus II. wlio ruled it forty-five Year? with various I'dr-
tune, till in his old Age lui Grandfun AndroHum III. by

John CaMlacuz:ms licing left Guardian to Anirmn<\
two Sons, John and MjvhcI, ufurped the Ttirone in i„V
In the Beginning of hi'. Reign he w.is iliafrdfromcJiL"
tinoplt, where the People lud crowned ^si-w the <:an of
Aidronicus, which occadone d a long AN'ar ; Com^vtnL
made a Uague with the -Vvrks, (iibdiird I.ydia, Cantjui,
and other Provinces, witii the Help of the Vtneimi- bJt
Jcbn Palctloxus, by the Help of the Genorfe, de fcattj him
t>y Sea and I .and v aff r wlixh he retir-\i to a Momfttry
on Mount .//Aw, with hh Son Mtitihi-vj, whom he had
a)T<-iated into the K;;i;'ire •, and his Enmrcfs retired to j
Nunnery. During his Ketiremint he wrote ihc f liftory of
his own Reign in (ou'- Hooks, whidi is reckoned one of tht
(incil Pieces written ' y any ol the nimlcrn Grc h.

Jpkn VI. ol the Family ol V.ilolo^uf, llirecededin 135,
He was lluitlUul in l;:s V» ar ai^ainil the M^tfrMiu, and
afterwanis iiiaJe a League with the TMnj j hutwasdri^
pili-'d by the Sultan Amurath I. wlio took livcral I'laas
(rom him, and made Adrinntplt the Seat of the f«r<iA
Fmpirc in ijtij. .Indronicus Son to 'Jth, confpitfd
againft Ins Father, for which he was imprilbncd, and had
his Eyes put out ; but making his Kle.ijx; fo Amuwi, h«
by his Aftiftar-ce, and that ot the dmefe, dethroneil his
Father, and iinpnl()ned him and his l.'ncle Emmtl, who
making his F.Iciih- to Pajnzet the Sultan of the farij, aid
olTering to holil the Empire of hini, dethroned hi' NV
phew m the third i'car of his Reign ; yet aftcnfar^ls ist
Turks broke with him, and Ixliegeii Cenjlantindf, whri
obliged him to go about to the chief Courts of '£iir5;;:or
Relief He ftayed two Years at Paris, where, Lcarir"
that Tamerlane had deleated lUjnzei Emperor of the Jsri.,
and obliged him to raife the Si-ge, lie ritiuned to Cit/f.-j-
linsple i (jut l)eing ftill unliiccef-Uil, he refigned the Hinpirc
to his Son John, and retired in:u a MoraiUry, w.hcn; he
died.

His Son yohnXll. fuccccded in 41S. During hi; Riign
the lurks took Tbejfalonica, and (>ecame Maftcrsofmoftof
the Greek Empire, except Con/lantimfle. This obiigrf
'Jfohh to have Recourfe to the Luiiis for AlT.ihnce,ndio
Willi for an I'nion of the Greek and Li/in (. Imrches. I:
was witli this View th.it lie came to Terrjni, wheaMhc
Poix; had. lL:nimonal a L'cwmcil ; and r!v,T..' he hail gwt
Promilcs maue liun of Supiw>r: againll il.c Turks -, urJit-
turning troni theiitc to Ceiijl^niuifple, he e.ied about 111
Years afterwards.

Ccnjinniine XV. (ucceedeii his Bidthtr in 1445, HeW
(Ignalized hiin(il( in the \S'ar ot I'ehfaiir.ffus, andlorhii
gieat Strength wasturnamcd the Druf^rn. I'tj^itNMsA'.
Iv-nt a Can'.inal to renew tin ;\i..'re< nieiit, wh.'rnn he fuc-
ceeded, on promile ot .illilhng hini ; luit the Leiim berg
(low in fentiiiig their Siij)piies, Sultan Mahmti 11. nvijtd
Greece, b< litged (.onjiantincple ()y Si a and Ijml, anda-
ried it after htty-eiglit Days. 1 he Fnipcror CfB/iwVtiiJ
all that was poKible to ilefcnd t he Pla.e ; but being neglcSeJ
by the Latins, and not lupplud witli Money hy the Citi-
zens, the Turks prevailed, and himlclf, alter taking Uavt
of his Officers, went to dcleiui the Bicich, w!ifrehc*JS
killed, fighting v.iliantly ■.' and being known by his .V-
moiir, the Turks cut olf hit 1 lea I, and carried it on .1 Um
through the City. This happemd on the iSthol.U!)
1 45 j. 'I he 'lurkips I'.miK-ror dellroyed .ilterwan!^ all C-
ImjXTial Fair.ilv, and liaving totally overturned the Grrf(
Monarchy, edabhllK- ! the Sc;at ol the 1 Hrkijb Im^m i'.
ConHantir.oplf, where it Ins ever fince reniainfd.

It we co-.liiler thi cxtenf.ve Dominions, the vaftPo*"-
and the wile Form of liovemmenr, originally eltabia •
in this F..illern f.n-.pire 1 ore cannot heip wondiTing i» ^
fhould \k overturned, and txting-iilluii in fuchamannj.
But, on tlu oih'r ham', ii we reilrd on the l-uxur^i !-«■■
niptum, an I ty:annie.d Aliufe ol I'owr, iliat fo ma"-'*'
app'-ared 111 the Adiniiiill'atton ot almoll all the tnip's
alter yiiil.i:i.in, and c<mlirier at the lame time the mu^w

and feditioiis Ijilpolition of tluir Subicitts, we may »

Chap. II.

■Mt^

of the East Indi e s.

vf,'«

5;^ J

! ti* !ii>

WjV.

k la"-
«; bci'g

and 01-

•.cgleSeJ
tht Clu-
ng l««
ine he *is
his Ar-
j Um
.thol.Uij
^Isallt"
theCrfft
Empire )'•

a mann.i.
;xiin'. ^'•'■'

by DC »'f '

inclined to wonder how, under fuch Cirtumftancej, this
Jinipirc could fubfift lb long.

On the whole, there Ls no room to doubi, that the Ruin
of the Gutk Power was not owing fo much to the Force of
it! barbarous Enemies, as to the Weaknel's of its (lovern-
mcnt, and the diflbhitc Manners of the I'tople. The ex-
cellent Situation of ite Provinces, antl tht ir happy Commu-
nication with the Capital of the Empire, rcndntd the Greeks,
in times of Peace, incredibly rich, as ajipcars from what
the Hiftorian Zeaaras informs us, with rdpcd to the Trea-
fure of the Emixrror Ba/Slius, who reigned in the middle
of the ninth Century ; and who, befulcs vaft Heaps of
Silver, wa» pofleffcd of two hundred thoufand Talents in
Gold, which at the lowert Ellimation amuutits to upwards
of thirty-eight Millions of our Money.

As the Empire diminilhed, its Traiie .iiid Riches mufl
fink of courfe ; but even long alter this, they were to con-
fidcMblc, that a Traveller,' who will bt- riereattcr m.ntiuned,
reports in the thirteenth Century, that the Cuiloms and
Fxcifc of Conftantinople amounted to twenty thouf;4nd
Crowns a Day, at the very time that it was dellroyed ; and
when the PeO])lc refufcd to furnifli the Emperor with Mo-
ney ft) I'efend the City and themfelve^, tiiey were fo im-
mcifcly rich, that the Flet t, which was laden with the
Plunder, was Icarcc able to keep the Sea, the Ships being
fo overcharged with their Rii-hts.

All this'Hiffieiently Ihews what prodigious Wealth had
accrueti to them by their Commerce, i o fay the l ruth,
it was this Abundance that proved the Ruin of the Grecki \
fi)r what U'tween the vail Riches that Howed in upo:; jiem
from all Farts of the World, for to the very lad their
City was the Centre uf the Trade of Europe, a.ad ri. ■
n^ighty Plenty tiiey had of all forts of Provjfions and ri' '.
Wines in their own Neighbourhood •, they f.;rew fo inloler.r
and ungovernable, that the ill ufe of ti^ir i .ofp.-.iity r^a-
aered the Pr^fi-ivation of it impodibie.

The Fditt'an.' and tht Genoefe aggrauJized tli mfelvcsby
- Fall of tb' Grteis, and pieferved for a lopj, tin.v- the
: jagments of that Empire of whieli they mai*' t'l-mfelves
Mailers. By this means, likewife, thi I'.'.ropeui: ■ bcame
ixtter acquainted with the Eallern Natio. s, lAind ! is iJif
ficulty in vifiting their Countn-s ; fo th :t by degrees a Ik
lire of penetrating by Land into the ;i oil .i;rnote I'.irt ot
the Eait, and which had fcarcc been tlmug.c ou i:i forniei
Ages, came to difTule tf( If through all E'trope\ ti.^ Power
ofthefwrij likewife excited great Jeaiouiies in theChi;lUa:i
Princes, who were their Neighbours, and ihc V'ars that
thff' occafioned, afforded new Opportunities of looking
into the State of thefe diftant Countries, by tliofe wh.o re-
mained long Prifoncrs atnongft them, fo that thou-^h .ic
tirft Sight it may fecm a Paradox, yet we may with Realon
affirm, that the Ruin of the tlaftern Empire by the Moham-
mdans, contributed not a little to the Eftablifliment of that
Empire which t!ie fcveral Nations of Europe now poflUi, in
thcEall.

This Obfervation is of greater Confcquence than may at
firft Sight appear ; for whoever looks into almoft all the
great Kvcnts that have fallen out in the feveial Ages of tlie
World, will very plainly perceive that they have been
brought about by the moll iinlkeiy Me.ms. 1 he hidden
Rifeot die Snracen Empire threatcneii all liurepe with an
Liundation of barbarous Tyranny } but ti.e Humour of
undertakinji, the Holy W.ir, as ii v.;is raHul, for the Reco-
very of the City ot 'Jirufciletn liom tin- ln:idels, pioved the
moll tHediial means ot pre\enting that Misfortune, by
occiipyiiig the J\/c£>i;m;«t;i',);M in th • Detl :ice ,1 the Countries
which they had already ac(]uircd, at the tatie time that it
fxcited fuch a martial Spirit in alinoll all the Nations of
Europe, as rendered them capable ol luibiinnig that Shock,
by which othcrwifc they mull have hecn overpowered.

One may carry this RellccUun (I'll fartiur, if we advert
to that maritime Power which h.is been railed in Europe,
by the Dilirovcry of the Eajl and H '(ft- hiu:a, and which
lias vifibly ftt Bounds to the Ambition of all tlie Mohanwie-
<""< Princes, who, notwithftanding the vail Dominions
ihty polTefs, and the prodigious Armies they ire able to
rule, ate, notwithllanding, very apprchenlivc ( .the Power
"f the Chrillians by Sea, who arc indeed able to make them
«trcmcly imcafy upon any Quarrel, notwithllanding their
NfMn. 35.

feeming Superiority. This fufTiciently fhews tlie Solidit/
of that Maxim, that whoever is Mauer at S^a, guil be
likewife Mafter on Land, or which is the lame thl' g, have
the Power of controuling fuch as efteem thcmlelv.s M - ers:
Thefe Remark-, arife naturally from the Subjett, and thf re-
fiirc claim the Attention of every Reader, efpe.ii.lly in a
Country like ours, which has always affected th. Domini-
on of the, Se.i, and never can be deprived of it Lut by
want of Attention.

I j. We have now run throirgh the Hillory of the Com-
merce between the Wcftern Parts of the World and the
Eaft-Indics from the earliell Accounts, and this , w itli.
out ever lofing the Connetlion, or leaving the Suujetft
untraced through any Period of Time. The Dilcuflien oj"
this Point has indeed taken up a great deal of ■ri:ne, and
of Room ; but in return, it h.is furnilbed us widi ;i great
deal of ufeful Knowledge -, for the Re.ider will ea'"'!/ utr-
ccive, tlrat in purfuing this Topic, we have been leil "into
a kind of Univerfal Hillory of Commerce, a thing of far
greater Confequence, and infinitely more inflruftivc than
the tacking together an incoherent Coll'-if.ioii of Voyages,
which, however, has been th.- Scheme of nlnioll ail foriii_-r
Writers, who perceiving rlieir Error too late, h.ive eiule.i
voured to mend it by Prefaces, Diifertitions, and ExtiaLSs
from ancient Writ;rs i wheicas by jni fun g .; ri^h' N'le-
thod, and being content to Lake the Pains o( uringir^ ■. hat
is fcattered, thi jug!: a Diverfity (4 Au' '101 ■, into its proper
Order, v.'c have furnil'ied the Reader wit.i tf.j Means of
underltun 'ing this Subjeift perfedlly, anu ot being w^-.i. to
pronounce, with Certainty, i, ,w and by v.dc m this advan-
tagrous Commerce was ma;. aged at any Tim" given.

We have indeed infilKd furiewhat la iii.j on t!\' Hillory
of the tlveral Empires, which we were ol>lig:d to mention
in riie Couife ol thi.' Work ; but befides, tnat in doing this,
we n.iv;. relieved thv Reai'er Irom t.'^e baiigut of r. adinga
i!ry X.iri-.ition oi EaCts, i;i enlivened by C. rumllances, ic
will ix kiund that we ii'.-'e mentioned noi!iing that does not
cei.tnlnite to th iiett..r apuiiehwndi.ig t. • ^.rineipal Sul'jeil',
and 111 the renderii.g t.V fellowii g Voyages and Travels
p. ifccdy inti iligible, uhieh never couk have been don$
any .x\\ci way. h p.maulr.r V/iitvr, who fits down to
givr riji- Woi'd an Account of w.'ut .'le has fen abroad in
a ceiuin Numlrr of Years, never propoles, and indeed it
cann^'t be xpedl-'d, he fhouki propofe delivering a g ■'.cral
liilli . of the Countries and Kingdoms rhrougii wi.iJi he
paJi'd i and yet without a compLtent Knowled.ge of thefe,
hi-. Accounts can never be thoroughly underllood. But
when we undertook; to give not only a Series of tlie bell and
moll aiuhentiek Pieces of this kind, but alio to iurniHithe
Wo'ld with a Hillory of the Difcovcry and Settlement of
the Eaft-lnuu's. It was rcquifiie to provide ag.'.ir.i'.; ail thelc
Inconveniencits, v^hich iiuhiccd us to be moie cupiai;: in
thefe Sections than c therwife we fliould have bien, that the
Reader may rome pr;,;arcd in fucii a mannei lor tl-.e Perulai
of the reft of this Work, as not to be ir.terruptcii at every
Turn with critical Remark', whi:h always difiriicl and con-
found the Narrations with which t!i. y are iiitcrmlxed.

It is with the liime View, th.;t after fo large a Detail of
the Progrefs of this Commerce in tlie Hands of its principal
Poifeflbrs, we have aildcd yet another Seftion toexpiai.i
the feveral Routs, by which, when the principal Ciuniu !
of this Trade w;is interrupted, it was ftill in fome mcafure
prelerved and carried on.

Tliis vvill be found extremely ufeful for two very impor-
tant Purpofes -, for in ihe full place, it will explain the
Means by whirh fo many dilferenc Nations came one w.iy
or other to have a Share in the Commerce ot the Jti.lU'j.
and liy what Aciiiler.ts they have been deprived of that
Siiare ; how far it is, and liow far it is not, podible to re-
trieve the Methods of carrying on this Trade, which have
Uen foi iiierly in ufe, or to lupply them by llriki. g out new
Roufi. Se(ondly, in giving us great Light into the Means
by which lb mary Strangers found their way into, and fet-
tled themlelvcs ill tlie Iiuiic.', as were met with there by the.
moll ancient 'J'ravellers, whofe Writings h.ive reached our
Times, and whofe Accounts might luve been lufpedcd,
if from the Knowledge of thefe Routs the Probability of all
that they relate did not manifeftly appear. ,.

'§

,'! I ]

Us '

6 P

iH':

7he Difcovcry, Settlement, ami Commerce Book I

S'4

We miy liktwife «<1i!, that in thf Dcfcription of thefe
fevfral Routs to and from the India, wc ftiall have frc-
qiu-nt Occafion to ex jmine ami ciniparr the Induftry of the
Ancients and Moi!; rns •, from whence it will fully appear,
that the latter owe tlirir Siijxricrity over the former, rather
to their Difcovcrics in Sciences and the lucky Improvement
of Lights derived by various AcciikntJ, than_ to any Llc-
vation of genius or extraordinary l>gree of Virtue or Ap-
plication, It is tme, we might have fmind means to liave
infertr;! many, or indeed, molt of thele Accounts in the
forrgoing Part of our Work ; but then it would have led
us into l<^ng and frequent DignlTions which would luvc
obfcurcd the principi Subjtds of our fcvtral ScaionS, and

at the fame time would have rendered the Account of t!, f
Routs much more jierpltxcd i wherea-; hy their fuUnll^
one another in a certain Order, the Reader will the ''°
eaniy apprcherid them, ar 1 by comparing of then, wS
cacli other, will form a bctt.-r Notuni of iheir Convenw
cies and Fncoiiveiiiencics, will enter nicire afily intoT
Circumllances attending tin; Rife, and bringing on the Rf'
ufe of them •, aiv.l in a word, will, with I'Vility jnj pi -"
fure, conquer, in a fliort Space of Time, thnfp Diffcul,;''
which, if they l;ad occured to him in the I'erufal of VovjeN
or Travels would cither have hiniktcd iiis P.o^rc^ r
have coll hiiu much Time and I'ains to luvc pot ny"
them. ''

I,- (SI. «» ! '.
iffillir-r ''J!>' ' ' '

1 S 'I

i .■>

1'J

r- SECTION XVII.

An Account of the fever al Pajfagcs to the Indies hotb by Sm and Land^ that have
attempted, difcoveredj or praUfed by the Ancief.ts.

1. Of ibi' Kortb-t-ajl and Nortlj-u-cjl Pajjiiges, and th-: ImpnlhihilUy nf their /. ''\' -t all knovin lo the An-
th-nff, mtuith/iunding what fame Mtbon have fj//:rtfd on this Hu/'jct:!. a. ('/ /•; i'a^/agr vy Landjm
Riifiia to China, niuUlh- Proi<chitity <?/' itt ^vwif an, Icntly pradifed. 3. ( )f ti:,^ K ;: i>y Samarcaud eni
thf Cafpian Sra, andofVampcy's Projrif for frr' .'H^ tk? Oimmercc hf thr Indies hy that Rout to tk
Roman<;. 4. Of the old Rout h Bo^ar, c^d of the JItnationi tht l:ijVi_ happen,- J t j me of the ^nst
Riwrs !'! Tartary. 5. Of tlM''P<iJ/t!ge through the Cioitry cf tk' Ariws, lU JcjairJ ty Ammianus
Marccllinus. 6. Ofanctl.rr Routjrom the Indies through the CiUi:l>j 'ffbc %^jc^ :.■ Saccs, defcribdi^
the fiiiuf Author. 7. Of the Rcut hy Cabul, and tf the rr:^ C:si)'ntrie anci^ally iar-ieJ on tk;! 'm
helioeeti Ptrfia and the Indies. 8. Of the great Rcu' hy CiiiJ.ii».ir, hfwfar if ii./s knnut to thf Anamti,
a/id l"ru' much if has hee>i imprxr~-edfnce, 9. OJ the Pajjage f> the Indic;,, thrigh the (.hur.try oj'thi^wt
pr TliinT, and '■f the Miitakcs rf the Ar.elents en fh,:t Suhjcel. ic. I'H fctne ct.trr R:uts to //;c ladies, inj
ft!rtieula>ly thai h F.ilr'.iyra. 1 1. Of the f. I'er.d Pal/ages difcovered tr py<'-''j 'd fmr the Moli.iniincdins
treeame Ma/frrs rf lijrypt. 12. Of the Commerce carried on hy the Ge' • !•'* a! CatTa /« CrJin Tuitry,
13. Re'Kcrks end 0.'>fen\:ti:ns tending to the farther Explanation cj tLii ^ubj.J.

HE *iifl Rout to t.'it: IxVf uliiJi we (Iwl!
ni r.:ion is, ilut by the No:tIi-l.jft, thu,i;gh
tlijfc that are I'tiled the S'lt -iiti d) U'it)^.i'^.
mpt-d fur RlmIuhs tliat will be luic-
aitcr Ihcwn in their projtcr i'la^i, Lv;i r.cvtr l-ithiitu per-
formed i though, doubtk.A, of ail others tlic Iliort -ll I'af-
(tige to that Country, at lea!l from thii P.irt ot the World.

tifcd, but diiViiS fru.i It 11; .his tliat it is bryoiit! ,i'I ;j(.
liion pra^.icable \ .i...i ■■'. ever it fiiookllie broughrintouir,
nii„!.i oivert m. \;t «i.l'ait^./ the /nJ/d.-i Commerct: fion
the InitDirn a...i w iiii l-.-.asof l.wcpt into thoft ivli/h
ii" iiiCil towar'i Cx Nv.^ii. 'I his I'allagc thrn ii tliui
laid ilosvn. Tl?;j ir .ar.s .-.re fuppfed to hive en-
Iwik.il on thL U.. r Ox.n, and fo to have pflid ihroagi

Tliii Rout is fupjvfjfil to lie throuj^Ii that whitli is g'-ne- the Cu/fian-^e^ . c' ncc op th'. River ro.xfl, and Ic i.TO

rally called the hy-Sea, fleering North-I'.all, .iloiiu; the
Coiftj oi LeplanJ, Alu/tciy, and C>\wd Tatuny^ nil you
enter the Indmn Ocaw by the Stitij^hti o! Uru.-, .i;iJ
fo fail on the Coall at jfjfun .mi China. Th«t the Anci-
ents nevtr had a:!y Notion ot ibt.ii al'alTage is very ceruin,
becaufc ihiy were not at all atquajr.tcd with the Naviga-
tion of the northern Seas till tlic Time of elu^ujius ; ar.J
tvtn tlier, the utinolt l.iinit'^ of th(;r Dtfcr.vcrics wxs the
Cimbric Cl'erccit'/e, which is the Cour.uy m iw called /n;-
Li'ul ; and indiiif, confiJering ihiir maiiiime Si.ill, t<us
v», a very coafiderable Ditiovery. The Rcalim tiut wc
tal.c \<)t;i.e of rhis Palfage, in t'u tiril pLcc r., on Ac-
couiu of a matter of Fact which has luver b.cn -lifpittd,
and whieli fome modern VViiurs eor.fidcr as an intalliiile
I'loof, that fiich a I'.iffage is not only jjolliblc, but prac-
ticable.

The Fail ii tins Alwit UK-Ycirl 'f.^rcChiirt 57, afmail
Vrllll, having kv^ral inJr,tn M^rcluTts on board, w.is
fliipreck'd on the C' ill oi (urmoiiy, and all the Pcrfor.s
v.ho ekapetl that Misl< nuiv \scrc(iii'it.,iiird by the King
of t!ic Suni, wiio pri fiiuctl thim to Mdtiius G/rr, then
t',e Rohum Pfoconfu! ia Caul'. T!k Wiiie.-i Uforc-
menc:o,v,i, aii- vtry jmnnve that tlicf. Indium came
f.-ODJ 7i/<;7, or the 1 .\iid .^f 'J.ij'o, tliiwugli ihc Sreii,his
of H-'tn^'U-e, ami fo intu the nuiilKUi Ouan, ficm whence
ihe>' infer, th.i:, v^ith \v.c In'i.liy uk! Appli-.atjoii, wc
migh: be .tblc ta difi over a Pafiage the Uuuc W-/.

Iruiians

iier
pr
• Plu. U>J. •:». ',,'. I,, ttf t; Ik r.,crt i3i;m, tkrm •■ f,

the Dciii.i, vkli.ch, lauir.}^ .r.to tlw IIjI.u; nii«l'it wJ
er.' 'j^;h have biou^fit th.ni :(> tae C'oait on whuiitlify
ai:: kijipokJ tccai.;V u fupp .".i.uk- Indmm tj 'lavc ixtn wrfatljf
ati)i; 'intcd with the Navigation < ' K.vcrs, which it is
tnurh mur- hkeiy t!,,y i.,v,i i.i,^^ ^ i, anJ ii is very
p<jl[ibk are uiiactiuaiiud widi lo m.i'-,..t their Names u
thi-, Viiy Day.

It is one 1 hii.g to defcribe a \ .x?ii^;: tp a diftant Coun-

try, and to reeummend it to
'I'liini^ to infill t.'iat fi ch a Tn.
if thciciore any Writer tliiiJi
carrying on a Coinnurce to iH<
t'dlicd, u ouf^lit to U- g;..-.i..
trnfibl'", and inl{.',!it turn WilK \

l:.il, ;nd qiii;c Mikt
:.j ■vtn.i(9u.il!) nai!c;
• o.i the I'jlTibiiiiy of

,, ly the Cawl Irf mtr-
him, that t!« flii^^g «

. . t!,c AdvintJLjc ef i!i«

/i«(//w« Empire, cfpccaily .it th: Ju.i.hire, «ua:nsa!'
moll eiitirtly m the Po.vir oi the v^.i/' A'j.iir tJ ('..-ii*

i'uth a Comnerce, as L^i:i;, jxjlkiu\i I'l liiv g'-cuiu

But in 3nf».<-r to this it h.e, btni I'.id, that t'lt;
might have fi!k-n up-n the C-jail r.\ Ger:nany i;y .motiier
Way, whii-h, !.!.. the forni'-i, li.,th n-N-rr yet Uea ura<;-

^ _ _ :iPiiT

ot the e..u;)iry bci.uei. iJi'c 'taUUn-Sia .ind tk Fronticri
of /«<//,;. But wl-^.-v.: u ou!d endeavour to pertiuJf ti
th,it in tin )c early .'.g..', w;..n (Jrograjjhy w^ I" 'ff
uiiderftooil X. then in the K-'l or in tlie Nuflh, and Mk
w-rc lij t;ni'jrous i.. .iav'j^itir.jj even known Seas, IM- "
Iniiabitaiits of the urn t :(: hiMe; lh<.ii!J .itrtiipi, :v:
only to tail th: .igh O.t Cj/;/.<«-6Vj, for that is nwi;. J-
prokibi: ; but to%:r.t(r the koka, and prrtaid to "-"
\'i.i\^i^^ lii.it Way lato i.ic B^l!n% is to bid in lay •'••"•
coaii.ion .Sei.f- and Kx >crietice, in order to tak. 4"«'"
imjM'oUibiiiii:;:. and 1- ..'lions.

v"; to U l^luHt, i-A £0 luvr piil'-J (igm /W>'-' t'ut'i"''

Jfli

Chap. II. of tl)e K ^s T li^ D I E s, c, a^ 515

But it may be i'aid, you have alrcitUr ailmittcd the l-'<iifl. through the Dc&rts of Gnat Tartary. There is no <Rea-
You owi) that it is not to be difcuted, tint tbcfc luMufis fun to behcvc that there is any thing new in this Paflace
vex thrown upon the Coalt of Germany, and prefcntcd or that it had not been as much frequented of old asia
Ly die King of tJie Suevi to the Procuiilul ol Gaul, why the prcfent Times i for as we have heretofore ftiewn, it

then Ihould you deny Uicir coming cither of theft- Ways, '■- ■' n- -> « r, ,„ . . . . _.7.

when Jt does not appear there was any other Way for
them to come, at iealt by Sta \ and tliat they did come
hy Sea cannot be contellcil, becaufc you admit they were
Ihipwrfclted ? All this is true, but witli BiHjop Hue/,
aiiJ oilier learned Men, I very much doubt wliedier tliele
people were ImliaHi ; biraule, it is very certain, the An-
cients very Ircqucncly heflowed that Appellation up-
on Vfry reunite Nations, merely becaufc they were very
remote. It is therefore much more probable that thefe
People who vve'c thus call on Ihorc on the Coaft of Ger-
uiMj. were hWwrgian.i, or Scritofinnians, which are the
Umc People that wc now llilc [.af!andirs ; or, it 11:7 be,
tl.cy were hdandirs, if wc fij far credit the Northej n Hillo-
riii, as to fupjiole that llland was fo early inhabited. I'iiis,
1 fay, is inlinitely more credible than that they were In-
diiii rtiic'lly and projicrly fpeaking \ and that this is more
crei:.uie, apjKars from hence, that Actiilents of the like
Nature have happened in Scotland*, and elfe where; that is
to fay, lome of thcl'e People have been driven on fhorc in
thtir little Filhing-boats > and when an Accident of this
Sort happened in thofc e.irly Times, before the northern
Parts ot the World were lb well known as they arc at prc-
fent, it is no great Wonder that fuch People fliould be
tJien for Indians.

While we are upon this Subjeft, I cannot help hinting
a Conjecture ol my own, which is, that if they muft needs
be Indians, it is much more likely that they were IVeJt-
JiuHans, and that they came into the Baltiek through Hud-
jln\ Ray. Yet I da not lay this down as either certain or
probable, but mention it only as a Thing more agreeable
to modem Difcoveries, than the former Notion of their
cominji; from the Eajl- Indies ; but with regard to the
Fad iilcif, I am firmly of Opinion that they were Nor-
KijiaHj, aiut that for tliefe Reafons ; there were many of
ihim, ami tliey were on board a kind of Bark or Vellel of
fuiue Bfirti,. !i ; whereas the Finns and Laplanders arc not
k I jwn to ma!;e ufe of any other than fmuU Boats, which
gne Man can man.ige.

The lame Rcnlbns may be applied to another Fadi of
I he ;anie Nature, fuice it is affirmed, that under tlie
Kcignof the F.mperor Frederick Barbarojfa, A. D. 1160,
cettain Indians were again call u[x.)n the Coaft of Ger-
rmy'; but there is no more Proof that thefe were really
Indiaiii than the foi :iicr ; lor, in both Cafes, it is acknow-
Itdgeti, that tli;:y were a llrange People, wholi; Language
Wis not unelcrlbod, which miglit be true if they were
Niruiigiaii, but moll certainly is no kind of Evidence,
that dicy came either from the Eajl or from the H^cjl-
Iniies, or through the North-EJl or North-V-'cfl Paf.'.gc.

1 nuilf not however omit, that accweiinf.'; to P.n,
they had (bme Sufpicion that the firft meiitione.; Ir-^i,: .
and tilt fame his Ix'en hinted with rcfp^... to the laft, came
on the Coall ot Girmany by liirroun.'.ing the C'ltinent of
Africa'; that is to fay, by the Kout ot the Cape of Good
llupe, wl.i 1) is however a Tliiu'j cbii^iutciy ii.i '•cd'lilc,
lince it cannot lie imagined, the Indians ever victualed
their Shij-s for a Voyage of I'urh a Length -, neither is it
to be liclieved, that if to nnich as one of their Vf;!Ms
had reached turtle, and returned, wc fhould liavo had
fonie Account of this from them as well as ot odicr
Joints ol tluir Hiftory, v/hich are well enough preferved
111 fome Flares. But it is Time to quit a SubjcCl on
♦'hich Wc can lay little that is either ufeful or entertaining,
1 3;id thf/cforc we Ihall pals on to another Rout to the
'VAVr.

2. Tlii. -was by Land, from Riiffia to Cbina, a Tiling
rw ct^ninionly known, iince the liillory of the l''nibairy
ifi't ly tlie CZiJr \n the Year it>-q, when his Miniller
i^llsil ;o tlic North ot the Kingiluiii of Boulan, and

' 1 hf rf Itvc btfn fevtral C.<<,t>-la«(le'i. in tluir little Boats, taken up oil liic Coads of the Orkntp and Calhttid. '• LtPf Gomara in Wc*.

'"'" "i i ..:p. 10. lie ti.'i aircrl. tilde l\o| Ir »i,cic hiMans. " It ii very plain, that I'/hy meant this Paffii--. for he labuurs laUM

/'i-Plcr top JVC ti.jt the eoMinciit of .!/,,.„ Ii.i.l lici'ii uUen lurrouiiiltJ. a.'.! alierts in Proof ol it, tliat the Wrecks ot .'fou/i \ ellcis toU be? a

■ ''I'Kiintl.i /■..'/j, Si-a; i witicli, tli.j it povf» ihitl.ii.i' .-is to the .\':iitor of .'..a, yet IHhtw . clearly tliat the Ancients luJ a iN'ot.ontna: fuch a Pil-

'■;=>i..<)).'a,!fib'c. 'Wc havccnnfuiae/ihi. Sulijcrt ,it l.ir^f in ilic fifttciulv Seflitm. ' The Re.-ule: will Imd thi; venfieJ,

■•••vu.-.falu tl;,- rcMSuIui'lcd Hilloiy ol tlic /w/.i.j. wriucii by a [jilir i'r,i:ee-, and of wliich wc liave a win' j^ood TrarlLtioa in E>tili//j.

' ih?ic

was ill the moft early Ages of the World, that the C/jineji
and Indian Empires were in their moft Aouriihing Condi-
tion, and carried on the moft extenfive Commerce t
whence I conceive it highly probable, that they made ufe
ot Caravans on this Side, in the fame Manner as they do
now ; and it is not impofiiblc that, by the Paffage of thelc
Caravans through the Northern Indies, the Ancients came
to hear of the Seres, fiiice it is very certain that the Coun<
try in which they placed them, is nor very far diftantfrom
the Rout thefe Caravans muft have taken '.

I'hat there mull have been fome Paflage on the North,
appears alfo from hence, that the Ancients were fo fully
jierfuaded that the Ituiian Ocean communicated with the
Cajjpian-Sea, a Thing that could never have come into
their Heads, if they had not been informed that there was
fome kind of Commerce carried on between the northern
Parts of Europe and the Indies ; and it i* not eafy to
conceive how any Commerce of that Kind Ihould be car-
ried on, unlefs by the Rout whicli we have mentioned,
which was always praiflicable, and which therefore there is
no Improbability in fuppofing it wai formerly praiflifed. The
only formidable Objedion that can be made to this is, the
Fiercenefs and Barbarity of the Nations inhabiting between
Cl'ina and Rifffia -, arid therefore this Objeftion deferves
Ibme Confideration.

In tiie firft Place then, I obferve, that the Ancient*
had no diftincl Account of thefe People at all, and there-
fore whatever they have advanced, ought to make no Im-
prefllon to the Difadvantage of thefe Nations. In the
next Place, I muft put the Reader in mind, that what
they have told us of the Seres, does not appear to agree
with die Chinefe Hiftory ; and though I am very far from
alTerting that we ought to give an implicit Credit to all
that is advanced in that Hiftory. yet, I think there is no-
thing abfurd, in fuppofing that the Indians or the Chinefe
might be as knowing and as induftrious in Cummeicc, as
we know with Certainty, the Chaldeans and the Ijhmatlites
were, in Times much earlier than thofe in which we con-
ceive this Comincrcc to have been in ufe.

Human Nature is every where the fame j and it ap-
pears even from the Reports of the Greek Hil»orians,
that the Indians, from the earlic ft Acc-.uiits they .lad of
them, were as civilized, and as well governed a People as .
any in the World, which certainly .lUJs fome Credit to
rhe Chinefe Hiftory •, whether we believe that the Indians
derived any Part of their Knowledge from the Chinefe,
or wliich is a Notion more probable in itielf, and imich
better tiipported by Authority, that the Chinefe were in-
debted tor the bcft Part of tlieir Improvements to the
Lights they received from the Indians. The l:rft Account
we bad of the Tartars, reprcfented them as a Race of ft:u-
-ii and ignorant Barbarians ; but their own Hlftories
''te the contrary, and carry in them this intrinfick
F.viu- £ of their own Veracity, that they muft have been
fuch a I'ei.ple as their Hiftories reprcfent them -, becaufe,
had it been odierwife, thofc Hiftories could not have been
written.

I'o fpeak my own Opinion freely and fairly, we are
b'lt too apt to treat People tliat have lived at a great Di-
ftance of Time, as wc do thofe that live at a great Di-
ftance in point of Place i that is to lay, we mcaliire their
Wifdom and Civility by their Remotenefs from our own
Country, and even our own Time, which is pa; tinilarly
hard upon the Eaftern Nations, fmce both Reafon ai, i V\-
perience teach us, that as they were firft fettled, liieir Go-
vernments firft formed, and Laws firft introduced among
them, there is the higheft Probability that Knowledge of
every kind came earlier to Maturity amongft them than
amongll other Nations, though afterwards their Countries
might be over-run, their Gove.-nments fubvertcd, and

'I!'

1 v\n

I U-r-l 'Bfei li' 1-:) W

M ' W\

V »i.

' i ■ m '■' 'I '■'

! v'';l

I'll' .*.'

The Difcovef)', Settlement, an^ Commerce

Book I.

of Arms, diftvirlx-il that Order tiicy toumi, and were a this might have Ix-cn more in the Power ot tL cf*i

long lime belorc liiey cllabhlhed any re^^ular Conilitution Signior v hut as the Turki have no pr.at Genius tor In?

in its Place. , ^ *'• "ceil ""' ^""<' r «hat it has bc-n hitherto wel^!'

^. \Vc lliall apprehend this Matter letter, if wc confi- but it cvi-r the Shah Nadir (hould coniiMi;. hisDile •

the nrxt Rout to Cbiiu:, which was by Samanand, |x-ni.trating as iar .is the BlaclSea, tlvre iscoo,! r!'V'

der

to bilicvc th.it he would rrvive this Frijcd, ai wd

on ac-

count ot his known Attention to whatever rr ,irus r
mi-rre, as Ixcaufi.' he would the.i |->c iiuirrly M'iij;., „fT
CoiiMtry ihroii';h which tl.is T\:Av my\\ h- cani-don '

4. The 'Jity of %rtr (l.inds not t,ir immUmmnA
and » mill \\ nearer to the Kivi r O.vw i it wij fom-fiv '
FLu-e ot v< ry m<\ir Travic, and !■, dill rcfDrtcl to iiy ai.'ui,!
dance of Menh-tnti from dnhm^m Cr;at Tt:ri,in,Cki<i:
and the hditi, on this .w.ti on thi; other .Side the Caw,. '
as alii) hy the />;•/?*';.< an.l Mu/icvu-j, who there farni>i
thcmfclvfs with all tlu" rirh Ci>;;imotlii!csof the tall fo
that It Ihll lulR-i tor a very great Mart in that I'lrtof'ilif
World ^

Our (..oiiPtryman /l»th>"'- Jcr'-'iffrn, who wiuflually
there m i;,'-,' , aliuiTs us, tl at in his 1 i.nr' the kiv.iO<i

the C apital of tlic Country, called Traii/cxiama 1 that is, the
Coviiitry beyond the River Oxuj. It was by this Rivir.
which iiins at no ;;ivat UilUnuc fruin Stimariaid, that a
'I'radf was carried on to the North, by lailing down that
River into tiiv C^jpiitn-Seii, and to to tlu' Monti) ot the
/•■(j/frt. llilhop //«/ ' hath very iiillly obtcrvcd, that,
by'thr. Rout, there wa.s no j^r.-.H nitiieulty in palfing
from U'litt to Spain, without ever cntcimg the t)ccan.
For. as heremaiks, it alter entering the lo.'ga, .and Inlinjj;
up that River a.s hi(;h as th^- Country of the Cojfccks, the
MerelKUitb and Mtrcijaiu'ilc w.nt by l-ind no greater
Journey th.irt !ix drmn Ixm^ucs, tiicy might then tail
down the lanms, a id lb into tlic Black-Sea •, and palf-
ing the Strti^lus ol CcrJIanliHcpL-, jwottcd by the Me-
liitcrranran to iiihraltar.

Siraho ' has pointed us cut an'^ther Rout by the Cafpitn- did not fall into tlK- Ca/piair-St.i, .i< tit old, Imi ftr,piiJIl
Sta, llill Ihortv-r iiiaii that nt the /'c/^a, which is by turn- itielf into another River called , rdod; wliich, he lip,
inptowiids .iii'tiiii.i, and lo ent;-n:ig tlie Utvcr Cyiia, and ruus toward.s the North ; and idter running a ihouland
lading uj> as far ai it ii navij; :ble i ami then proceeding; by Miles undcrgrouiul, rifi s af'.iin, and 1 ilh n.to the Laktci
Ijnd dir;Alv to t!»c Bhik-Sta. But tiio', as he oblcrvcs, K'ti-.iy. i hi> is a fait wliuii h. ix; ■! v allinin in one
this might be a iV.oiter Way, yet teitair.ly it vas not lo I'lace ; but in anotiu-r, \ic [(.w.r, tlu l< .'ii«\ing Account «'
conMiKHlious, or at this 'lime lo pucticaiie •, however the the Matter. ' On the i6i\\ ot Nvniikr wcO(piitr,Jfro[n
Account he has i;ivcn of it, is a plain Iiuiitatioii, that all
thrfe Things iiad been vciy well coiilideicd by tiic An-
cients.

Hut Plnty ' rarii s the Matter much f.irtlur ; tiir he tells
m on the Autliority ol i'r,nc, tliat i'cmfey the Great, iiu-
ring the War that he carncil on againll Mubrtdaits, nad
aftualiy a Dc(i|-vi ol\.jxiiiiig a C'oinmcice this Way. He
was, lays hr, intorratxi, t!ut it was but leven Ways Jour-
ney from the Frontiers ol Jnditi through the Country of the
Baihiam to the .iivcr /^jn/j, whjcli falls into the Ox/(.( •,
lb that the Merehandile of India might be ihi^ Way tranl-
|x)ritd into the Oifpian-Sea^ and from thence carried up
the River Cjrus, to within five Days Journey of Pbafii in
Pemus, wh'ch live Days Journey, might be very cafily

pertormcd over Land '. Solmm ', indeed, fpeaks ol tlic leiige, it dcfcrves Notice, Ivcaufe he has the Rfpundont/
VcflTels paHinci this Way, but that is a Millake 1 he mud In-mg an Author ol gn'at l^'sdelity. lie alTures us ttes
have meant the Mcrchandilc. It is iminjllible to mention that all the Country thereabouts is watereii by Cinayrm
this Rout to and from tlie Indies, without oblirving, that from the River Osu:, which, in hi.« Ji. ktrtnt, 111 grot
it was tlic neartll and moll convenient that could be to Cff«- Dctnment to ih.ii River i and the Cauie that itdoBW
ftanltnspU; and tlicrc feems to \x no Rcafon to doubt, that fall into the Cnjj'ian Sta, as it did in Times pall. Htidds,
It W.IS made ul'e of, elpccially when the laliabitants ol tiie that in a fliort time all that Country is like to be ddtmytd,
Penius EtixmuJ, or Biiick-S(.\t, were Subjects to the (Jrefk and to become a Wilderncfs tor w.n't 01 Water, when the
hmi>erors, or in times ol Peace ; and by this means it River Ox«<.( Ihall fail. 1 Ic llke^fife gives us an Accouitol
m\g\n probaiily happen, tl.at the Comtncrce of the Jndid the City ot Bugiv; as it was in his Time.
was prcfervcd alter thciallern Frovintes ot the Empire He lays, that it is fratod in a low Country, not far from
were loll, liccaulc it was a long time after that before this the River Oxus, %vhieh is there nav^gablr, ami is furroumltd
Ro.ui was in any danj^er of being difturbed by tlic L'jtcur- witjj a higli Wall of Karth ; the City is divided ir.to three
lions ijI the /frail. Farts, two of vniicli Ixdonff 10 the King, and the Ir.hjbi-

riiis wtuld have become ftill an eaficr and better Me- tants, and the third to tiie IVaei^'n Merchants; a!! oftk
thod ol carry in- on this Trade -, jicrluips we fhould not err fame i'r.ule living in tl.e fame Fiace. This City ;: vtiy
murli in faying the eafiell, and bcft ol all, it the IVojedf, laigo, and tlic Houfes, for the moll I'.irr, ofFanhi btt
wlii'Ji J'iiny tells us, on no lefs Authority tlian that ol tht
I'.mjieror LLudtuf, was foinud by Seltucuj Ntcatir, had
ken carried iiao I-j(ccut!on, either by him, or by the Greek
Iviiptrors, wiiO had a miKh Ix-tter Opportunity ot duing
it, which was by cutting a Canal from the Cimmerian Hof-
idioius to the Ciiffian-Sea, which would have fliorteneil the
FalTage extremely, and would befidcs have enabled the
Merchants to have conveyed their Goods by Water all the
Way.

The Scheme itfelf is truly great, and was orit^inally that
of /llexo/tler, who, as wc ol)l(rved in the Account wr gave
ot tlut gieai Conqutrcif's Dcligns, ordered lUcQifpinnSta

" tht I'owii ot <^rgeMct, ami i.avi n; n.ivJlciib) thcKiv^
" 0>«j one hundreil Miles, wc p.i'led over ar.other "rn:
'• River called .Irdocke, where w ■•^ukI a cenain [ry
'• Cullom. This Kiver //r./(JC.(-<' is ;■/ at, andver)' fulii
" and !.>iiing Olit of the at. rcia;.' 6\h , it paflt-s akji i
" iitoulanc' Miles to the North. .ard, an. theii conluimli
" itf If in the GrouiMi \ and pITir.g under the Ian >: it«d
" tiv. h-'dred Miles, iflueth out again, a'-.! la, -ih 13
" I .e laike of A'// bay, as I have before drc'ami "

He lud forgot. It icems, what lie had More dec. • ,
for tiKiC he fay in 16 many \Nords, that it palTeJ lu;
the G.ouiid alxjve one thouf.ind Miles 1 but, as wlmiK
rrlates in both Fiaces, muft be from ilrarfay, it is the ki
to Ix- regarded. As to what h-. records of his own Kno»

ther;- are alio many ol th -m, and all tlie 'leniphanJpu:-
lick Buil.ir.-'. ot iitoiv, luinptuoully i-uilt, and very nchly
gilt, elpccuh'v their Bagnio'-, wiii' h, in the Opinion ot
this Writer, lxcf<:.\ any 111 the W orld. The King hid J
Tenth ol ail Wares t!,.it weie told , Init what ii more !»
our Fiirp(-li, he gives us a very topious .Account ot thfi:
Warrs, and <it the 'I radc earned on fhen- in his Time.

■fher;- is, layi lie, y.aily, a j'.ieat Rtrort ot Mcrchir.5
from Ar/j, Bulk, Uttfa^ and m tinii, palUroni W««!.
when thrix- v.a', a I'aliafc i tlie /«,//()« I a mg while C«t"*
for Tui bants 1 l;U tor (.old, Silver, I'k nous Stones, "^
.Spicts, liiey Lung none 1 but ail that ti-rt of i'taJi: li "••

Wlima

« Hiji. S.„«r4l l.i vi '^'--^ .
nllratethe Afciui)'-

h* >l ..ujnr^ l.itg' iy "1 it>.» Subjt:.-!, and acqiuim, u, 41,11, abundantr of lunwu, I'ail'tubn th.it rrl .ir to il j and *vl»eli ilnnpnll
iht .".'urnu, in ..'.nu.nin. 10 Iccuie the \ onopoly ol tin. l.onim*fcc 10 the /»i/«. ' /'//». **' 'V'"- ' ''' '"'™* v'l '

" Ih N^t. l.i.tL ,. II. "See before, f 4s.; - U,jUv,J, C,-nme,,t Jti .:/..;.«/•. .rf/' s^ ' '''"•'*''".'' ^"W' "

/■ JS'- . .1

Chap, n. , J>f the East Indie s. ..^ -^ 517

ried on by the PcrlugUexi on the Ocean. The Indians
tfjtrf btck iHfth them wrougiit Silks, red Hides, Slaves,
Hoife. •"'' ^^' Things. The Indians he faw there
euoe frowAe Country of Btngal, and bevond it j the
firfians brought Woollen Cloth, Liiincn Cloth, fcveral
Ibrts of Silks, and carried back red Hides, other Rt^ian
Commodities, and Slaves. As for the Cloth, he tells us,
he found.upon Enquiry, they brought it from Aleppo. The
Ruffians dealt in red Hides, Sheep-Skins, Woollen Cloth,
Wooden-ware, Bridles, Saddles, and other fuch-like C»vx)ds,
which they exchanged for Cotton and Silk Manufailures.
He farther tells us, that the Caravans which caine from
Cilkay in time of Peaas and when the Ways were open,
brought Mulk, Rhubarb, Sattins, Damafks, and other rich
Commodities \ but by reafon of the Wars, there had been
no Caravans in three Years } and when they did come, he
tells us, their Journey took up nine Months. He left the
City of Bo^or on the 8th of Manb 1559, in a Caravan,
confiding of fix hundred Camels, and arrived on the 23d
of y^nV following on the Coall of the Cafpian-Si .

It is dear from what this Writer delivers, that the Ac-
counts we have of the ancient Commerce in thcfe Parts,
and particularly by the Way of Bogar, is exaftly agreeable
to Tnith ( and there is no doubt, that the Splendor of this
City, the fine Houfes, Temples, and other publick Edi-
fices, were owing to the Wealth which this Commerce
produced } and it is no lefs plain, that in times of Peace,
and when the Perfian Empire, upon which the Kingdom
oiBogard or Bucbaria depends, is thoroughly fctded, this
Commerce may be revived to very great Advantage.

5. There is another Rout which could not differ much
from that before dct'cri' .1, mentioned by /Immianus Mar-
tiUinus*, which he fays lay through the Country of the
JkiMsi fituated, with regard to the Oxus, between the
North and the Weft ; and which Rout likewife led to the
Cifpian-Sea. According to the Dcfcription he has given
us, there was a River, called /Irias, which ran tlirough
thjt Counuy, and which was navigable, ile farther fays,
that tlie Navigation through this Country to tlic Cafpian-
Sa, did not exceed « hundred Leagues. According to all
the ancient Maps, and even according to I'tofemy's Ta-
bles, there is no navigable River to be found 111 this Part
of the Country, except the O.vwj, into which there might
run Ibme little Rivulet from the Country of the Avians ;
and indeed Sirabo mentions fuch a Rivulet by the Name
of 'lariafpe. One might be tempted to think, from the
Similitude of Names, that this River might be the fame
that Jinkinfon mentions, and which he calls /Irdocbe ;
but that it is evident, from his Account, that even this
River does not run into the Cafpian-Sea ; fo that no Na-
vigaaon could be carried on this Way in the Manner that
Ammianus Marcellinus mentions. But we ought likewife
to confider, that it is very clear from Jenkinfon'i Account,
that the Rivers in this Country have fuffered much Alte-
ration fince the Time that Ammianus wrote •, and wc mull
likewife conlidtr, that he wrote entirely from the Infor-
mation of ot'iers, and not from his own Knowledge ; fo
that, very probably, he may be fomewhat miftaken in
this Matte, at .'ealt in fome of the Circumftances. And
•ill"! ".-Jilt, through the Country of the Avians, might be
cirried on by Land, and by the Help of Caravans, as
'Jcnkinf'ii ■iX\\.\x<:% us it was in his Time. After all, there does
not lt;em to be any gcxxi Reafon for dillinguilhing this
from the former PaiTage, lince, in all Likelihood, the
Mian Commodities that were thus tranfported, were car-
ried no farther than cither Bogar or Samarcand, and
pafTcd from thence down to the Ccfpian-Sea.

6. We are indebted to tiie fame ancient Author for the
Account of another Road from the Country of the Seres,
«hich lay through that of the Sace, a very fierce and bar-
barous People, as all the Writers of Antiquity agree that
nitntion them '. Ptolemy, in the Account he has left us
in this Country, mentions two Rivers the one called
Mxates, and the other Dymau which, he fays, running
near each other, fomcfimts over-tlow the adjacent Coun-
")'i and caulc w great 'iradl of maifliy and fenny Ground,

which from its lying near the Rjvcr Oxus, b called the
Oxian Marfhes.

This PafTige is vert perplexed and obfcure, and feems
to give us an Idea of the Oxus very different from that
which Jtnkinfon had of it when he travrllril thither in the
lall Cintury. In order to reconcile thefi: Differences, and to
give as full and fair an Account as is polTible of this River,
which, upon the whole appears to have been the grand Ca-
nal in ancient Times of the Comr.ierce of the Ealt, we
fhall give fuch a Defcription of it as is to be met with in
the beft modern Accounts of thcfe Parts.

The River Oxus is now called Amu. It rifes in the
high Mountains on the Frontiers of the Lejj'er Bucharin,
which feparate the Dominions of the Great Mogul from the
Country of Great tartary, in the Latitude, as nc.ir as can
be difcovercd of 29° 30' N. This River palfes thro' the
Country of Grand Bucbaria, runrungfrotn Eaft to Welt,
and about forty Leagues from its Mouth divides itfelf into
two Branches. That which runs to the left continues its
Courfe weltward, till it falls into the Cafiian-Sea, in the
Country oi Aftarabat, which belongs f- ■ le Perjian Em-
pire, in the Latitude of 38° 20' N. As lor tiic Right-
hand Branch, which formerly pnlT-d by the City of Ur-
gtnce, it fell likewife into the Cn/pian-Sea, about twelve
Leagues more to the North than the other Branch ; but at
preftnt it has changed iti Courfe, and running North-
Welt, falls into another Riv< r called Kiofil, not t.ir from
the little Town ot 7uk. The olil Channel, which pafTed
by the City of Urgence, is aUfolutely diy, and all the
Country thereabouts is become a Defert, as our old Englijh
Traveller fore-faw it would for want of Water'.

ThisAccount is taken from the Difcoveries made in thefe
Parts, by the order of the late Czar 5 and if it may be dc.«
|)ended upon, as indeed I fee no Reafon why it fliould not.
It frees us from all the Difficulties that arife from the for-
mer Defcription, and enabk's us to account for the wide
Difference between the ancient and modern Relations of
the Commerce in thefe Parts. As for the other Branch
of the Amu, or Oxus, which continues its Courfe to the
Cafpian-Sia, it is ftill a large navigable River ; the Coun-
try about it extremely fertile and pleafant, producing the
largefl and fineft Melons in t|ie World, and other excel-
lent r'l uits, which are carried not only iwtoPerfia and India^
but alfo into Ruffia.

7. The next Rout, declining ftill a little to the South, is
that ofCabulyOT Cal/oul,vih\ch derives its Name from a City
of tlie fame Name, feated in the Latitude of 34° North,
on the Frontiers of Great Bucbaria, on the iJouth-fide of
the Mountains, which divide the Territories of the Mo-
gul from that Parr of Great Jartary. Tlv". City oi'Qibul,
is the Capital of a little Province, called t'rom thence Cn-
bulijlan ; it is one of the fineft Cities in that Part of the
World, large, rich, and vci y populous. As it is confidcred
as the Key of the Great Mogul's Dominions great Care
is taken to keep its Fortilic.itions in conllant Repair, and
a numerous Garrilbn is maintained for its Security. This
City is very ancient, and has been always famous, as it ftill
is, for being the great Mart or Centre of Commerce be-
tween India, Perfia, and Great Bucbaria.

The UJhack 'Tartars drive there a great Trade in Slaves,
as alfo in Horfes, of which it is faid, that not fewer than
flxty thoufand .ire fold there every Year. It ftands on a
little River which falls into the ludus, and thereby affords
a fhort and fpcedy PafTagc for all the nch Commodities in
the Country behind it, which, when brought to Caba!. are
there exchanged foi Slaves and Horfes, and are conveyed
from thence by Merchants of different Countries into other
P.nrts of the World. The Neighbourhood of this City,
is one of the pleafiintcft and moft fertile Regions that can
be imagined ; the Climate temperate and wholfonie, well
watered, producing Fruits of all Kinds in equal Plenty and
Perfeaion. The Inhabitants are moft of them Imlian Pa-
gans, though the Officers of the Mogul and molt of the
Garrifon are Mohammedam,

8. A little farther to the South, lies the grcateit and
moft frequented Road to the Indies, by the City and Pro-

' Jmmian. MarciUm. lib. xxiii. rap. 6. Oiodt, . Suul. lih. !i. Strnh. I:h. xi. PloUm. lib. tI
• ■,, . ,.,. „,/,. Aa,. uh V. .af. I r ' «'>•" '^imahgifM d,t Tarns, p ;:• ' ' ''i' '^'^^^ nuntionea u. tin. paragraph

tuU be abundantly vaified in the fmccfilinj; Mflionj.
^>'MB. XXXVI. 6 0^

' ^mw. Mttretll. lib.

— xxiii tnf. C

rill. Hift. Nat. Uh vi

:-:!

iiiiil

mi ■ •

vincc

W'if.

S.8

7he Difcovery, Settlement, and Commerce Book I

I ■'■■f 1., '

m
• \* .

t M

vincp of Canithar, which hai Iwn for m«ny Agci betwetn whom, «nd ihe Snut, a very confider»b!c Cnm.
tlic Centre of Commerce ktween Pfrfia and the InJitt. merce was carried on. ^'^

The City of Candatar is fcatcd in 33* 10' N. and is by The very learned Bilhop Hutt r, proffffo himfdf ,,.
Nature one of the ftrongeft Places in the Eaft. There is Lofs to know what to make of thefc People. 1 muft rl
great Reafon to believe from the Comparifon of our mo- fefs, that there cannot well l« any thing more dirk „
dern Maps with the old Tables of PtiUmy •, that this City confufed than this Story •, but, for my own part, I \x\Z
is either raifed out of the Ruins, or built very near the that the Text is corrxipted, and that the Umm i/Z
Place where .lltxandn* (lootl, and is « new Proof of the Pafljge may poflibly be tins, that there wu ancirnilv ,
Wifdom of Altxandtr the Great, in the Choice of a pro- Traile carried on over land between tlie rartars, forfucJ
prr Situation for the Colonie* he intended to have errfted I conceive thefe People to have been from his IXicriptian
in this Part of the World. Some learned Men have and the Siamtft i but whether I am right in my Conicc
thought that the modern, as well as the ancient Name of ture or not, I mult leave the ingenious Reader to dct-r.
this Place, is derived from that of thi» great Conqueror, mine. This, however is certain, that if | hare guttrftl
who is called in the Eaft Iftrndir \ but there fcems to be right, it will make fome Senfc ot this Panage, o( which
more Rcalbn to beli»ve that it derives its prefent Apptlla- hitherto the beft Commentators have been able to nwiw
tion from the Candarians, an ancient People that were no Senfc at all.
formerly the Inhabitants of the adjacent Country •.

This City and Province has been cxpofcd to many Re-
volutions. It was long an independant Piintipality, ure-
ferved in that Conilition, notfo much by the Strength of
the Place, and the Pbwer of its Princes, though both
were in p.ift Times very great, as by iti advantagious Situa-
tion on the Frontiers of the two great Empires of Ptrjia
and the hdifi, which fccured it a powerful Protcflor
on one Side whenever it was anacked on the other. It
has l^cen fince however, fometimes in the 1 lands of the
Mi>giil, fometimes in thofe of the Per/kin^ where it is
now like tu remain. It is not very large, but extremely iiiercc throughout the Indies, trom tiic'Counuirs tlut lay

There is another ancient Writer who mentionj thiiCitr
in the following Terms : There lies, lays he, m tli« p«
of India, which is beyond the Gangu, ihe GoUtn CktrL
Mtff, Ix-yond which it the Sinus Magnus, then the Coi-
try of the 5i».», whufe Capital is ccllrd Ihma, whiih
(land* on the Frontier* of the Country known ai d u;,.
known •. That is, in plain En^lijb, this City ct Tmti
was the very lall Place in the Indus oi which tiic Ancit.u
had any Knowledge.

Taking this tlicreforc altogether, it amounts, I thiolt,
to tliis -, that there wa» ancicnily a very j^reat iiJind Com-

well built and well peopled •, and the Caravans from Tfl't
ban and Agra pafs conftantly through it, and cVen con-
tinue there for fomc Time for the Conveniency of Mer-
chants of all Nations, who rcfort thither to exchange the
Commodities of their own Countries for thofc of the
Eaft.

It is highly probable that this Commerce was in ? very
flounlhing Condition, under thrPn/inn Kings cotcmpfrary
w th the firft Emperors of Cenjianiincple, and that by the
regular Returns of Caravans from the Indits, the P<rfi<ins
were furnilhcd with vaft Quantities of the Commoditi' s of
India, which they afterwards carried into thtir frontier
Provinces, in order to difpcfe of them at the Fairs in
which they a-aded with the Crtiks. The Settlements of
xhrEuropeam in the Indits have certainly Icftened this Com-
merce by Candt>har,i% well as all i!ie inland Trade of thofe
Parts But, as we fliall fee hereafter, it is fur all that very
confidcralif, and muft always continue fo, from the natu-
ral Conveniency of the Place, whiih renders it the Staple
of PiTfian as well as I-^dian Commodities.

9. There is yet another Rout more to the .South than
any of thofc we have mentioned, vrz. through the Coun-
try of the $in/r, or Ihtnjt, whom wc have mentioned be-
fore, and have fhewn them to be the Siamrfe. Wc have
this Account from the Author of that Perip.t;s of the
RedSia, which goes under the Name o( Arnan, and a
very dark Account it is, though not altogether unworthy
of Niitice. The City of Thina lies, as he tells us, on the
Sea-fiile in the fouthern Part of the Country, and from
thence filk and cotton Manufafturcs are carried by I ..md
through tfic Country of Bailria to Baryj^aza, and from
thence to Ijii^rica by the Ganga. 'Ihere cannot Ix; any
thing wilder, or more abfufd than this Story ; for, ac-
cording U) Pieliir/'i Tables, there is a Diftance of 3:' of
Latitu.'le, between the Country ol Bailria and Barygaza,
ar.d 25* of Longitude between Litnyrica and the (i.mges ',

One need not, however, much wonder at thefc Millakcs,
when, in the lame Dcfcription, we fii-.d this Author plac-
ing rliis City of Thina very near the Pole, which is fo ex-
travagant an Error, as plaiiily betrays his Want of Skill in
Geography. He proceeds to infoim u«, that this City
is excelllvely difficult of Accefs, fo that few People go
to it •, and yet he talks of lU Vicinity to Pontus and the
C.ifpts;! Sea, which renders all he lays ahfolutely unintel-
ligible. Jlc ir.forms us farther, that there came annually
to tiic Frontiers of the Country of the Swir, a People
whom he calk Sej'a:as, and whom he dclcribesas a Sort of
Savages, of a low Stature.broid-faccd, and with flat Nofes,

*ftt!im. .ir,^ r,,V vii
» Hi/lnri di Cmmirti dti Aiuin4, f. 431
»/'•»/ 3).''>.

Hijtiri Ji Ctmmtto Jii Aniit 1

fanhcft to the North, to thole which lay in the remctell
Parts of the StMith and Eaft : Which is very agrecabici*
what I have before laid down, that notwithllanding the
Reports of their Barbarity, which arolc wholly trom tho;
being unknown, the ancient Indians were much aiiki.il
to Commerce j which, by the i lelp of their Rivtri and
Caravans parting from River to River, they carried on la
a manner the moft extcnfive •, of which, the Alextnirini,
by their Commerce on the Sea Coall, came to havclome
Knowledge, and from their natural Prejudice, rtpottcd
I'hings in this dark and confufed manner.

10 We have now gone througii moll of the Routjtord
from the Indies, which are mentioned in anciint .Authon,
excepting fuch as were performed both by Land aiiJ S?ii
of which it will be nccellary to lay lomcwhar, tho'welij
not dwell long upon them, bccaiife we Hull have Occa-
fion to mention them in the fubfeciucnt St-Chors. Ab
the Time of Alexander, there was always a very coo-
fiderablc Trade carried on, at leall in Timt! ot Fficr,
through Perfia to the Indies, by the Help of rcgiiU Ca-
ravani, which there is great Rrafon to believf, wtr.t an-
nually from the Hanks of the lyt.ris to th'ilV ot ihe hx.
But in I'rocefs of Time, a great Part of this Journc)- «ra
faved, and the /»i/M Commodities king Ihippcd a. \ii-
z:rii, Barygaza or at PalaLt, were carried by !Jca d-jougb
the Perjian Gulph, and then up the River Eumm,
within in a very mull Diftancc of Palmyra, towlutnCity
they fcr'i to have been tranlj)ortcd by Land j where tlicy
were laid up in moft Hateiy Magazines, till, jsOccaiKW
fcrved, they were tr,infported thence to Jntitih, jiiJ la
ovfjr all Europe *.

Wc have alreaily mentioned th? Rife and Ruin of th«
famous City, and ftiall here only obfcrve. that it is bighlf
probablethat the Commerce of this Place IrllofFbyDcgfrtS.
and not all at once, as moft Writers feem to imagine \ Ix
Want prhaps of the Hiftories of thofe Loumries iW
the Roman Eirpire Ix-gan to decline. It certainly r.-qxmi
a long Courfc of Tunc to eftablilh fo large, lo «cll-buiil
and rich a City •, and therefore it is by no means crwiblt,
that it fhould be deferred anil alamloncd all at onct.
There are, to fay the Tmth, lonie Pallagrs in*BUl
Hiftorians, which would incline one to Ix-licve, that!!*"
ftiil a City of confi.lerable Figure and Trade unar W
Kbahffs 1 and therefore, Ithink,it may be concluda,i|.i
its Total Dc-rtniClion was owing to the Trade to th^ «- •'
taking another C(.urle, cff>ecially after the Pounuatw "
Bagdad; as alto to the Wars, to whiJi the *"^:™
Countries have Inrcn continually exp'fed for li) ir.any - •

i')')

MjnUn. Hirudin. Ptri^!. Mtiii EAlir-i, f. 14.

Prifl

Chap. II.

of the East Indi e s.^'*^:'^i '^*^vv?

5^9

Uft part » firft between the Arah and the Tartars^ and
fincc between the Ptrjians and the Turks ».

Yet dill the old Rout b, in fome Mcafiirc, prefcrved
by the Caravani that jiafs from Ptrfia to Aleppo \ which
(hewj of how great Confequence it is, to have the Rout of
in advantagioui Commerce once laid down through any
County : For though, through the Alterations and Re-
Toluiioni to which airPlaces are, in fome meafure, liable,
it may be for fome Time interrupted or difufed, yet fooncr
or liter it is again revived, tho'perhaiw not cxadly in the
old manrrr, yet fo near it, that tnc Inhabitants are fckiom
totally '.fprjved of the Benefits rcfulting from it '.

It has oeen of late apprehended, that the prefent Mo-
narch of Pirfiny Kouli Kbati, has it in View to ruin this
Commerce intirely, as prejudicial to his Subjcdls, or ra-
ther detrimental to his Plan of Power, which is to draw
the Commerce Northward, and make himfcif fole Maftcr
of the Trade to the Indies througli his Dominions. But
there is good Reafon to doubt, whether this be not a
Scheme too large for him to execute in his Life-time •,
and whether his Succeflbrs may not be brought to alter it,
and to put things again upon their old Foot : Yet thus
much is certain, that if this Monarch and his SucceflTors
Ihould ever compafs this Defign, and divert the whole
Trade of their Dominions to the Cafpian-Sea, it will have
its Effcfts with Refpcft to Aleppo and the other Towns on
that Coad, and that in the fame Manner, and to as high
a Degree, as the Difcovery of the PaflTage to the Indies
has had on the Port of Alexandria in Enpt.

ii.«A$ the Arabian Empire took Rife in the Pcninfula
of Jratia, fo as foon as the Princes of that new Power
had any Leifurc to form a Scheme of Politicks, thty be-
gan to frame a Defign of attracting the Indian Trade from
the Country of Per/a where it then centered, as near as
poflible to the Place of theirown Refidence, It was with
this View, that Omar the Second Khaliff, in the 15th
Year of the Hegira, A, D. 636, caufcd the City of Baf-
fira, or Balfora, to be built a little above the Entrance in-
to the Ptrfian Gulph.

There never was perhaps a City more happily erefted,
or which fooner came to anlwcr the F.nd for wiiich it was
treftfd than this. The Khaiiffs did not indeed make it
the Place of their Refidence, and if they had, it is highly
probable it would have been rather diladvantagious than
fcrviceable to it. But they always fent thither a Perfon
of Diftinftion as Governor, and made it the grand Port
of their Dominions. It became by this Means, and by
the Priviledges allowed to all Merchants that fettled there,
exceedingly rich and very populous -, and that too in a fur-
prizing inort Space of Time.

It was for fcveral Ages, a Place of the greateft Con-
courfe, and of the greateft Trade in the known World.
The richcft Commodities in the Eaft, but more efpeciilly
Spices, Precious Stones, Drugs, Silk and Cotton Manu-
faftiires were brought hither, and difperfed from hence
by Caravans, till fuch Times as the Portugucze became
Mailers of the City and Ifland of Ormuz on the Coail
of Ptrfui i which, for a long Time funk the Commerce
of Bnffora. but after the Shah /Ibhas, with the AfTiftance
of the Englijb, made himfelf Miiftcr of that Ifland, and
riifcd the famous Emporium of Bandar Abnjp^ or Gnm-
irm, on the opjiofite Coaft of Perfin, the Trade of Ba-
fira began to revive, ind has been ever fince confidercd as
beyonil Comparifon, the greateft Mart of this Part of the
World 1 as ingrofTing all the Trade of the Perjian Gulph.

It was, as we have already fliewn, originally in the
Hands of the .'frabs ; the Pirfians became afterwards its
Mafters: But fince the Yean 668 it has belonged to the
Turki.

At the fame Time that the Khaiiffs fecured to their
Subjcifls all the Trade on this Side, by opening fo conve-
nient a Port as that of Bujforti, they took no Itfs Care of
the Arabian Gulph, and ot the Trade carried on thereby;
for they diredti-d a Canal to be cut from Cairo to Suez,
«''hich is ftill vifible, though at prefent cho.iked up with
Sand •, and partly by Sliipping, partly by Caravins, efta-
3

Uiftied fuch a Trade there, as very near equalled that car-
ried on in the Days of the Romans. Thus the Reader fees
that, for a long Traift of Time, the whole Trade of the
Indies was in the Hands of the Mohammedans, and carried
on by them with all the Caution and Succcfs imaginable.

It is true, that this is now in a great meafure in the
Hands of the Europeans, who are eftablillied in all tlie
Poru iri this Part of the World, and carry on a prodigious
Trade in their own Bottoms. But, not "^ftanding this,
perhaps we yet owe the Trade of the Indies more to the
Weaknefs of the turkith Policy, than to any other Caufe
whatever \ for, notwitbftanding our Superiority in Mari-
time Skill and Maritime Force, if the Turks vien a People
in any degrec.addifted to Trade, they might ftill drive a
great Part of that to the Indies by the old Rout through
the Red-Sta, in fpight of all our Power and of all our Set-
tiements.

This will appear clearly to the Reader, if he ronfiders
that Sural is fo'well fituatcd, that it might be very eafily
made the Centre of all the Commerce of the Indies. From
Sural to Suez is not above a Month or five Weeks Sail •,
and from Suez to Cairo is a Journey of no more than three
Days v from Cairo to Alexandria Goods may be conveyed in
the fame Space of Time j and from Alexandria to Mar-
feilles is a Voyage only of a Fortnight or three Weeks. So
that taking this altogether, it appears far from being an
ImpofTibility for a Perfon to go from Marfeilles to Surat in
the Space of two Months, or ten Weeks. It may indeed
be objeifled, that the Voyage from Suez to Surat, and con-
fcquently tint from Surat to Sutx, depends on the Mon-
foons ; but, notwithftanding this, if proper Magazines were
erected at both Ports, and Fleets went regularly between
them at Spring and Fall, an immenfe Quantity of Indian
Goods might be this Way brought into Europe much
frefher, and in much better Condition than they are at
prefent •.

This is a Projefl the French have often had in their
Heads •, and if ever they Ihould prevail with the Ottoman
Port to concur wich them in carrying it into b'xecution,
there is no anfwcring for its Confequcnces. It muft be
owntd, that an Attempt of this fort might in the Begin-
ning meet with many Obfludes : but if once the Turks tailed
the Sweets of this Commerce, or were tempted by the Of-
fer of a large Sum of Money to be paid annually at O t-
ftanttnople, as an Equivalent for the Duties with which
Goods coming this way into Europe might be charged, it
is not eafy to fay how far this might operate •, for how in-
dolent and negligent focver they may be with regard to
Trade and Navigation, yet there is no Nation in the World
more avaricious than they, or more ready to do any thing
to which they are prompted for Money.

12. The laft Rout we (hall mention, is one not very
ancient, and which /leverthelefs is now, in a manner, abfo-
lutcly forgot. The Genoefc had it formerly in their
Hands : And is no other than the Port of Cnffa, in
Crim Tartary. This Country was anciently called the
CUrfonefus Taurica \ and this City is very often mentioned
by old Writers under the Name oiThcudofia '. It was ta-
ken from the Genoefe, who, whilf: they poirefTed it, were
Matters of the Trade of the Black-Sea, by Mohammed the
Great, A.D, 1475. It was then in a very flourifhing
Condition, and was one of the beft-built and richelt
Places of its Size in Europe.

It ftands at the Foot of a fmall Hill upon the Sca-Shorc,
North and South, with long Walls ftretching on both
Sides down to the Sea -, fo that from the Po'i-, whicli is very
large, very fafe and very commodious, it makes a vci y
agreeable Appearance : There is a Caft'.s on the South
Side, in which the Turkijh Balhaw refuies, with his Gar-
rifon. The Number of Houfes in the Place are about
4000 J of which, 800 belong to Chriftians, the reft to
Turks and Tartars, but the former are Matters here, and
it is tlic only Place the Grand Seignor has in Tartary.

After the Genoe/e were driven liom hence, thty carried
on for a long time a very ailvantagicus Trade with the
Inhabitants, who, by the way of the Cafpi.m-Sca, found

means

\ 'I'!'

\fu the Article Italhtd In llnhUt.

' All this Commerce has been carried

"•ifi*. /A,/. Saraiin. p. i')i . 'I take mdit orthefe Paiticularj Irom the Deicription
(.onful. ( Ciiiur. Ufiirui^. Aniij. V ol. J p. 409.

:1 oi-c Way, though not conflnntly in the Hiinds of one People.
3n ot'E^ipr, compiled from the F»p«r« of .VI. ''I.1H11, ti.e f-f ci

J(.5, ... .

,,, ■.'. :i' :'•

■ ■ i

m'iV.' '

^l:^i^-,'

C20 77)r Difcovcry, Settlement, afJ(/ Coinnurcc Book I.

mtm^ u> rntfrinlo ,i ronlulcrablf Trail.- m Spuf^. Drut^i, InJuj was in iifrlf prrjiKliu.il to tlic /■.«»;«,, ,.•

tViioM, Silk, .irul othrr /*/<-« Coinmixl.iirs At l.i(l tlir liow is it \ioffU- to idikuvc iIi.-h' uii be any in,,,

•Iiirkj p.ifw ]m1"ii'. ot the Intrrauirif ot tl»« Ceiiuef,: in this when we jil.imly ftc tii.it Riih(5.iml 1 iiitjirc i.,,

ihtiV l^iis iiml .ililiihitdy rxclu^lr.i thcni, as well .is dll I'.intly attnuJcil ii, li.U havclxcn ^'^ ">iitijMly !oil,t„',j'

Mlict Nhioii'. ffoui trailini; to, vi ivni llltrrin^inH) tlu ihti witii this 1 i.i.Ir. I |„, i.k. will ilw „)ort ,;iw,A

BtaA Soi \n this tin! not imninliatcly put an Fml to .ippr.ir, whm wv nlWt on th. Uifc jna on thclJ,,]^!;

»hf Ct irnicK* l^tw^rn thw l'l.«c .inJ Gato.i, t'oi the 'Jar- vt tlu lulian KipulilKks, whii h. .n tli.y .mcilthrir L,,.',

/,ii/ prrlirml r.. llrorga Snileol the Ailvjnt.tgc»(lerivai and their Kuhcs, tlu- llouiilliun', '^i-ii ' ut tk,r Afij,,',

( imi thi^ Cnnumrcr, that lor Ionic tinu- thty pmrccutai at luiinc, ami thiir great I'owcr by Su, lu the S,,,;

II in till It own VttTcls, aiul earned the Spias and other they had in this G)nimertc, lo togetha with thitihi/

JiJuiH Vjoodi whuli they rei lived liy Caravans Irom Jjlra- loll lx)tli, ami have m.ulc a lii^iiri Imcc by Dint ili;-',

i,i«, aiul wiiieh had Wa\ brought thiilicr from the opixifitc on the Remains ot that Wealtli and StrcnBth whuh tfc/t

Side o1 the C:.ifianSfjtoCfHea\ but the 7«r*/, equally Conimcrte procured tluin.

lealwiU'l this" at lh..y lud hrrn of the lorrner CorreiiH)!!- It is a I'oint alio extremely wortliy (,»" Notice, t'uti,)

dtiicr, l<H.ii put an end to ihis Commerce hkewife, anil the Kwjts known to, ami pr.utileil by, the Anucntsirj

tiu-reiiy l.cuiid ihcmidves (rom the lears ot Iceing a Hill in lone nualurc prekivcd i lo ilut aimolUll't>

Chnllian llrit in thole Si as.

^et Qifi Kill renuins a Place of very great Trade,
•iid the Staple of the Hiack-Sta, inJomuch that Sir John
(;/.(»./;«' tells us Ik- law in the Ipace ot forty Days no
IrU than four hundrcil Ships fail in ami out of this I'ort.
The I'entiumi, in hopes jxrhap^ of revivinfr, in foine mea-
fure, the old Irailf, prwured, at a great KxjK-nce in the
Year i6-.% Leave fiom the Pitt to fend annually a Cargo
ot tlu'ir Manu>d(^tures on l)oard a Imall Sijuadion of their
own into the Bljfk-Sta \ but this 1 ratle did not latt Ion('„
hir the 'Jruf inlinuatcd (b iiuny Dangers w(,iild arilc troin
permitting this Commerce, t.'iat in a Year's tune the la-
leiuc was rrtrarted ; and tlius ended all Attempts for rc^
trieving the Commerce of ihc India by this Rout. In pro-
cell of time, luwcver, it is not at all incredible that tt m.iy
be rellored i for linec the RiifftaHS are Malfcrs of ilzop,
anil have a lonliderable Number ol trading VelTels in tlioli-

tlilVercni Nations in Eufvpr, juvc llill, lunic Wayorotlifr"
Views u}X)n this Trade. In the Noi tli, S^fjtn an,! Un-
mark carry it on by Sea, witli lonH- I'ams md Dit?..u,'™
indeed, but, at the faiue tune, with lunllJcrahL Vnt'i
Til'-- Ri^uim have three Ways ot coming at the Indni;
the firll iv by laihng North about hum .inb.M/i il
Japan, which th-iu-vi nrver hitherto airoinplilhfti, thf«
llill IvIk veil prii-ticible i and it ever th,it Rout IhwiJ tx
brought into l^iaCticc, it willlxrby thmii wiiiih hiutvr
i.,uld not be lioiic without changing, in a grc.it iiHiiu^'
the Fate ot Alijii.s in i.urcpc, linn' the Wcaltii oi i;;,-
InJiei, luiiied to the I-oitc ol the Muju.itt I'inipiii'.innS
railc llich a I'owcr in the North, as cmilj not but 'ro
ducc extraordinary Conlc.iunices. The tccj.'.tl js, by
Caravans Irom Moj.ow to China dircvilyi ami the il.i'[i
l)y tlio Cn/pitVi-Stii, juined to tlie Caravans that arc Cfinti-
nually jailing thinujrh the iircaicr and l.fjf:r Rumti

Sras, It is not ini)M)Hible that lome Inch Revolution may Such ot the German llanle I'owns as fill prik-ivr wy

iiap^n, as will U t the Navi;;jiic><i of the BU^kSia en
tirily o()en, ami thereby rtflore tu the l.uroptunf in gene-
ral, but mere el|)rciaily to the lt.i.:,in States, a Commerce
highly pMilitable in itlclf, and capable of great Improve-
ments.

I J. We have now entirely done with t!ie ancient Hif-

I'ower by Si-a, luih as Lubick, Hrmoi, and Um'y^:,
keep up a conlbnt Coirefponduue wit.h I tnut aiul ,/.«.
andrta. Greal-Britdui, IhiliiHii, and lrjit;c, have > :•
tlemciits in the hajl- Indus, and trade thii her by the D,*(
cf Good-Hope. The SpunitirJs liipply ihiir I'.mpirc ui ihs
H'rji- India with the Comni(M!itics of the EjJi-liJiti, Ira

tory of this tommcrce, and (full add only a very tew the Philippines \ but it docs not ai'ji.ir tlut they br:r,g

much of the Mnchandi/e of thole I'arts into Euri;:.
'{ he Portupuze have yet in their Mantis the Rcnuir.sui
thole vail IXjminions wJiiili tiay once ixjilliral, amlior,-
Icqucntly have (lili a Sliare in thi, C'nmni.TCe. ii'.eJ,'-
Htiiiini drive yet a very lonliderable TraJi; at ii'«.;w:,
in Spices, Drugs, I^•rtunn.^, Cctioii, and Silk Ak.-

CXilirvations on thi«, as on the former Sections, and thofe
swith no other view, than to convince the Reader ot the
ImiKirtanic ut tins Hilbuy, and to fhcw what an hlVcd
it lus liud, and is ever like t(j have, in favour of tholi
who are polTciri-d of it.

I'.vcry one ol the tour great Empires, wlilch, in pafl Ages,
Ii ive lud the fuprcnx: Dominion, ar.d the I lillory o( which factiirts from the Ind.tj.
flill makes lo great a part of that learning whic !i is moll It is e^fy to dlktrn from tiiis general Account of:..'
v.ilued, had eacli of them a lar;',e Share, anil many of ttiim pall and preliiit -Slate of tins iini>orta).t Ciniinici.r, lu
Ihc rntiic Monopoly of the Tiade to the Indies. it ilill cngrolics the Att'nt; m of all thi M.riantileV'.J,

The Accounts sve luve ot the /i(/^»r(Vj« I-.mpirf, are very that l'ro|c<!ls arc lontinually torming to enlarge ;! ;:i
Ihort , as well as very obfcure , and yet the Attempt made Countries where it is alrcidy li.ttled, and to traiMrr :t
by Semirami. to conijuer the /ndw, is the moll conlidc- into thole where at prckiit it is not exeicileJ; Amiiiuw
idbk Lvtnt ct which, with rcljicd to that Monarchy, we lar any ut tliele I'rojcCls are, or tiuy be pudicjiiiV, i!.;
have any Aiiount. The Pn/i.iHS, .is we have llitwii at Reader will Ixll judg'- Imai whu liai been laid A'M
large, owed a gic.it part of their Wealth to th.-, Com- concerning the Icviral l<( mi. thithtr in iliisSeaio^w.'.ii
merce, as it w.is carried on by Land, while their (onllant we (lull conclude with tl'.is RrniaiK, 1 hat l!." Uri.':il
Allies, the fyriam, derived Irom it much ot tlicir Mar
time I'ower, which was almoft .ill the Per/i.ms had to de-

Nations have, {generally ljiea!\ing, a Ihcrtvl ilukiy ui: ■■
own Maxims, and h.ive never once Ixen temptcil, bvi:.£

j>end uiKin by Sea. The Proli>eCt ot ingrofllng it was the many Vifits made them by the dilFerent Nations ol ii-

jiiincipal Ob|(dt which Alexander the Grent had m View,
which altcrwards fxcupied the Thoughts ot his principal
Commanders, mul which waa, at length, m a great mea-
liiir acioinplill'cd by i\n- I'leiemtei in l-upt. '1 he Ro-
r>.ini aiqimed it, together with the Dominions of thole
Princes, and held it as hjng as they reuincd any I'ower
aiilw( lablc to their ancient Reputation. The Arabian
bfv ime Mall

rope, to tit out .iny I-'lett, or even to lend lu niu>iu >i
lingle Ship bcyoml the Cape of Good-Ihpt ; thoui;!i, w i
rclpciil to their Commerce by Land, .'i'. the Mm .Ma-
chants formerly travelled to great Dillanccs in Carivrs
tiicy do the faiiic at prefeiit j tor though Cullom lx:tvi7
where a Law, yet aiDoiig the Luillcrn N.itions it renu'i
moll inviolate -, and, as the Reader will uhfcrve trjm :'^
fublnjucnt Tr.iveis, what wis prartilij Ages ago,

ot It in conic qucnce ol their rajiid V'lcto- . ,

rifs, and ir ha*, lime proved the great .Source ot Maritime the I'fage in thole Farts, or at'leall \'ariitions have l-^i

I'ower in the It el}. introiluced by l-'orcc, and cannot therefore be imputfti.i

J his leeni- [.. Ix' a very full and convincing Anfwcr to any degree to the Cicniu, ol the People,
the Obju'iion iliat has been maiie, as if the Trade to tlic 4

• 5u Jthn Ci(tri,>> Tf»»tlj (o Piffia.

SECT.

Chap. II.

of tbe E A s T Indies.

5^'

SECTION XVIII.

/hi Account of the Travtts of two Mciliiuiinicdans through India atid China, in thi

ninth Century,

Trandatcd from the Arabick by tlic Abbe R e n a u d o r.

I. A (oncife Account of the original Ea'lt:,r of thcfc Voyages, and of the fVbrh which rendered him famous,
2. fit" Antiquity of thife RiJations, ami oj the Maniifcript from lihich they -were tranjlatej. \. Of the
Sea o/'HcrkciuJ, and of the IJlandi therein. 4. Of the Ij/and rf ScnniWh, or Ceylon j the Riches it con-
tains, and the Manners of its Inhabitants. 5. Of fveral ether I/lands, particularly thofe 0/' Andaman,
the Inhabitants of which eat human I'lep.'. 6. Of an (/land in which are Silver Mines, and other extras
inliiiury Things in thefe Seas. 7. OJ the Trad- of China, and of the Refpeii Jhcwn there to the Mo-
haininal.ins. S. A very clear and dijiin^ Account of the Navigation to China, which h probably the
fvji Aecount of it that was ever publijhed. 9. Of an IJland in which there are no JFomen f\'i. 10. Of
'the Port s/'Canlii in China, and of the Irregularity of the Tides there, li. Of many remarkable Tljings
t/ijcr,rd in the Countries touched at in this t'oyage to China. 1 2. The Cufoms and Manners of *he Cliincfc
in Chil and Religious Affairs, ly. An Aecount of the four great Kings, \iz. the Khahff, the Emperor
c/' China, the Emperor of the Greeks, and the Rilhura of the Indies. 14. A fuccindt Account of fevcral
(ithcr Kingdoms in the Indies, i ^. The Account if China rcfumed, the Number of the Cities in that
Empire, and the extraordinary Difcipline maintained in them, 16. Of the Burials of the Lh'md^:, and
tf their domejlick Ajfairs. 17. Of the Vrnver of the Vice-Roys, and if the Emperor of Chim. iH. Of
the piMck Revenues of the Cljincfc Empire. 19. Of the PaJ/es rejui/ife for travellinir through that
Cotait<y. JO. Of the Admini/lration cf yujlice in China. 21. Their Laws with regaril to Bankrupts.
22. Other wife Regulations pratlifed in that Country. 23. Mifcellancous Cujloms among the Chinefc.
24. Of the Methods praSlifed for difcovering Truth in Trials in the Iniiics. 25. Some other extraordi-
nary Cujtoms among the Indians. 26. The Vices of the Chinefe, and the Puni/hment of bad Governon
among them. 27. Srjeral Laws in huVu and C\\\n\\. 2S. Strange Cujloms that prevail among the In-
hditiints of both Countries. 29. A Comparifn between India rtw*? China. 30. Of other Countries bor-
dering upon China. 31. The Preface rf the fecond Author in Confirmation of what the former had deli-
'cered. 32. The llij'tory of a great Rnrlution in Chmx, by the Rebellion cf one Baichii. 33. The Eni'
peror of VWiiVJL reftored, and the Declen/icn of that Empire. 34. Of various Punijhments in up am >ng
//v Chinefe. 35. A curious Account of the Maintenance of publick IVomen in China. 36. Of various
Rtpdations in the Chinvfc Empire. 37. Of the Excellence 0/' //r Chinefc Painters. 3S. The Hiftory
cf Ehcn Wahab, an Arab, who nuiJe a Voyage into Perfia. 39. His Conference with the Emperor.
40. ?>ome very fngular Pafjages in relation to the Knowledge of the Emperor, with regard to the Rti-
pom in other Countries. 4 1 . Conclujicn of the Arab'i Conference with the Emperor c/" China. 42. Other
Circwnj'tanees from that Traveller's Relation. 43. Of the Communication bitween the Ocean and the
McilitLrranean. 44. Of the Province cf7y.\\r.\^{:, and of the Commodities it produces. 45. A remarkable
Story of an ancient Prince of this Country. 46. The IVar between the King cf Komar and the King of
Z.ip.iue. 47, The Conclufion (f that IVar. 4S. Of the Dothinc of the Metempfychofis, or Tranfmigra-
tioH of Souls, with a remarkable Story on that SubJeJ. 49. A mojl fngular Acl of fuflicc dtne ty the
Emperor ofCWm.i, on behalf of aa Ar.ibi.m Merchant, agairijl his Euvounte. 50. The great Care ta.ien
Kith refpeJl to the Admini/.'rafion of yujlice in China. 51. Q/" the Situation of the Province c/'Cho-
rAfTin, 52. Of the Animal that produces Mujk ; the Reafon why the Mujk (j'Tiiibtt is better than that
»/' China, (//;(/ of the flwral Sorts of that Perfume. ^3. Of certain Cu'fcms in China that refmble thfe
cf the Ar.Uis. (54. The Cuflom of the Indians /o ^///v/ themfehes on particular Occaiions, aud cf their great
Qnjlanev in AJfs of this Nature. 59. An incredible Story of the defperate Courage of a certain Indian.
56. O.'/v;- In/lances of the fame Natur-e. 57. Of the immenfe Riches cf SiTandib, cr Ceylon, and of the
Liiiii of that Country. qH. Of the fagrant Vices, and excejfive Debauchery of thofe People. 59. Of
the rdi'y Seafon in the I'lvWc^. 60. Of the Indi.m Brachmam and Penitents. 61. Monjlrcus Errors
prceeeJirg from religious Miftakes. 62. Ships built, rigg'd, and laden from a Plantation cf Caeca Trees.
^3. Of the Country of the Zinges, cr Negroes, with an" Account of thofe People. 64. Of the Ijland cf
Socotra, ,;;;,/ its PrcJudfions. 0\ Of the different Seas omitted in the former Relation. 66. Of the
Riches of the Indi.m dea'i. 67. Of t/je Formation of Pearl, according to the Notion of the Arabs.
6S. A very fngular Storv on the foregoing Subjecf. 69. Some far-ther Particulars as to the Cufeoms of
the Incii.ins. 70. 'The ife of this S\iion with regard to the Hiftory of the Indies //; the ninth Century.
71. Additional Remarks lUid Ulfei cJtio'is.

wfrc m.iilc in pcrfccliiig Uic Knowledge of iIk/c Coiin-
tric-s by Inch as imJ.crccjok to go thitluT, and to n-port
what they had fan anti heard, tor the hitorrnntion of
others and of Folhrity. Of all thi- 'rravdl'-ri' intcj th^fe
I'arts of the World, whoft Writing;? .ire ilili priMva',
thofe which art' cor-taincd in this Sriflioii, art- bcyoivl ;;;i
doubt the: moll aiuiint, ar.il in that n-tpt^i, as wtil as \.\
many othcis, exncmcly curious. To rmdtr ihifc as clear
and as intiUigi'Lili' as is podlbic to our Rtad.-rs, wc Hull
llrft gi\x Ten; J Memoirs of that cminc/i: /v.-);.!; Critick
6 Li \ilv4

M F. mcA\ naturni, 1 ily, and (irtain Mi thod
ot .U'.ainiPj':; a [jcrtcc: Knowkdy,!.' ol tlif l).K:o-
vcru snudf in the /■'<;//- /"c/i-', is un iiiclliona-
i vthn ofivailiii;^ the bell Voy.ip,cs and Tiavcis into tliofo
'Ills in tile Older of Tiiiu- in which t!icy wcrr made ;

I'f ''V thi-i intMMs they illullrati- each otlier, and 1. .vj .is a
l-n.! ol Cdininditarics, dchvcr tlie [lillo.y of i'iai\s ami
1' nuns Willi the kalt [Kjllible Confufu.n, and lliow u-; .it
^■■'^' |iic ditlirciu State of tho Couinvits nuMitiom-il m
^■■•■'n in diffiTcnt Periods of 'I'inn.-, and the Advancti that

liiil

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HI ■' ''^'

lffi!|

'pir "T "

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is ''

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I'M/;:

if 1, ' -

7 V

l")ilc()\ir\s SciiicfiKi.t, miil Cotniiurcc

,H'

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s it

it-

F ii.«.P» t^» AminiMty Ifiii tlu- OliUumy in wlmli ihry pl.uii.r Pro.,! «>l Uh Um.j-, ik-muM m the Yur „i ,,c|/

ha..! La;- H'riulU.r A;;<-s ami Lnt tluiu abt.u I luU-.r pMori. AD. 117), Ui auli- tlitrc a.f 11 tSc I'lul „, ;'

fniiii I-ai'l?!!^':. '^itli '"""" ^'"'y ^■•»l>i-»l'''' NiHf^ .itui fomc Ohlrvuiiori'* m the (.mic H.uul, uatiii^ t, ||,, 1. '

Piir nations ot Im mva, 1 1. wa* a 1\ rloii wlmk I'.miily tent ot tlu' Wjli-i aiiit I'ortitli atioiii m H,r City o| i),.|J,

h.til lir^n ilirtinpiiiha! f.-r tlu ir I .carninB thfim^h livrral o«/, iiniltr the \i^n;n nt tiu' I.iukuis Sulun Seuitddm 411

IXr.Ci'tv Ills i;raniM,\l(nr •Iteifhrajhs RcnmuLi, cWi- of otIicrCitu-s iiiiilir hi-i l)oinini..n ; m whiUi (h.. w',,,,,

hlillia! tl>e /•»v'»ii' Ct.i/tftc in tin- Year idji, iirultr the lj«-.ik'. <•» liim as Ihl! living: aiul tlu-rdyrf, 4,» ii,.,t m^,

PatroraKC of CarJuul Rultuu. I In latlirr w,i» lirtl iiarJj ilic.l tlir l.imr Yf.v. ilm M.mutaijit ijtUI' u.

I'hviKi.m to lli>' Dautiliiii. .*^on t > /.rtt/j XIV. Tim twcoii live aiul lix hviiulrcil Yr.irm.M ■. '

iKiitknun aailiLlrii lumrclt cliict'.y 10 the Stiuly ..I Divi- It 1* .lUuvery apparent, that tlurre i, nothinir in tirt r

nity and ilic titmital I-jn(^u.inrs whuh might li.ivc t.ulal of thdr Works, that lan crtatf il.r |-.,|» Sufiimun, ilu

|.,in to fimu uiiimiii St.iiinii in ih* t !u,rih, it, Itoni hij thry arc l»ttr th,ni ilult Dm ^ IjKak tiuini l.ut, cm!,!

I'liaf Moil lly tt'"' imalVictiil I.uvc iT I'livaiy, he hail rontr.uy, all tlu- 1 .ut. mkiumiicI i;i tlwm, whuh art u-

nu llUklioully ilcciiiud it. 1 1'- wji, very early t.ikrn nu- p.il)!'' kI U 111^ « xainiiuil ami (oiiijural with otluT I liiL

tKrt)f at eoutt, where the Politnuls of liis Minnrrs rr- nts, atl'ora the ticarrft Tdl. moniv^ oj tlinr king gcnurr

riiinmcmlui him as ll-onrjy f'> t!n' priiuiiul Mtaifttrs, :w ami .iiitlitntii:k. T hi- gnat V,ilii(.ul th-U- iWaiw.sjn;,

the .Scvrrity of his Stuihc* iiultara! him to moll ol the from thtir Rivinf, us a lar^^i' Auiumt <it Ci/w, above luu

kanuil Mm of his 'I'liiic. Imiulrtii Yimis catlur tli.in the 'Iravcis of Mjr;c P.. ,

111 i!,e Yc.u lOSij, he wa» chofm a Mcml.tr of the who, till tl«;lc Accounts wtri- |Hihlilhi,t, wa> iiIm.i

/•W .f Academy, ami in iC.jt Ixcanic a M- iiihct of th.it ilhrmcd the fitll Aotlioi we had on tli.it Sulim't.

of In(ai|'tioiis, aiidof the ^<-/.'c; Lr//ro. I le aaomranicd 'lucre aic AlKimlaiKf ol Tiry curious aiul retiurkoi/

Caidiiial Nc'iiUfi to Ri^me in 1700, and w.i^ with hiin m I'allagc-s in both thtie Wmcrs, that inliirm us yt tulioiu

the Ci nci.ivc in which Ctiment XI. was railed to the Vi\i\ ami Iwciits not JiR'iitioned any wlu.'c tile \ ojij, thoui^,, :

'I hronr, by whom the Abbe RcnaH.hl w.is lo iinu h Iv true, th.it luiiic ot theic ajij^ar to Ik- I iluiluus •, y.;

riteemcd, that he kept him at H:mt f, vm or cij'jit Months is no iel^ true, that tiie |-,iiat(lU'.iit of lliuiiarc ciii.iunU

a'tir the CardmilS IVpatture, and fonid uj" n liim a iml jiilhfitd hy tin btlt Wtitt f- in liUK.ulmg Ajjc. Ba

Bentticr, which lie had the MixltHy to rtluU, tliouj^h without Iji mling 'l'im> to little l'ui|K)(i, in rtniafl.ir'^'.n

hi". Ciicuinllantci were not luJi ai made it uniucilfary to what will Ixr olivious to the Ke.idcr lumlcll m ih-.' I'm;.;

jjiin. ot tlule i'lcces. wc Hull proiird to the KeUtmni ih-;;-

In hi; Return to /t(J»cc, tlie Grand Duke of Tiij.aiiy Iclves. UbIerMn;', only, that tin; liill ot tluin l/i'lnsr.
k^jt hnn .1 whole Miwuli M ilonnu, wh!;re In lud an ruptly do Account ot there l)c:i;R a l'.i^t or twow^.t,;;
A) p.irtment in the I'aliee i and duiinj; hi, Stay th'.re, was in ti.c Oii^iual M.u)ului]>t j \.li;ili vtiy prjba'i.'y >l-
ru'MVcd into the tanvius Academy ot /.i V.rujtd \ after taiiuil the Nanv and C'oui.iiy ot i:> ni.tlii»r, anJt:;t U-
which th- (.rand Dtik'- loadevl him with I'rcknts, and calion ot his Voyage > the Loli> ot which thtrs u jru
fer-.t him to MirfctHa in Ins own VelU Is, Reafoiito reyrct.

I le publinud, alter his Keturn to Franct, m.-iny learnctl ^. 'i'hc third of the Se« we have to mentinc, isth.:

Works and p.ati:cul.irly in the Year 1 7 1 i . Tl< Hijhry cf of lltrkend*. Hetwecn this Sea an.', tl.at of l\UT:':.i, r:

ll'c I'u.'riuriii t/ Aiex.uidiia, /rmi Si. Mark lo tifUc/ecf many Mands, to the Numlvr, as tiny lav, cl ninntn

//( ll.rUcHth C(mur\, with an A jjKi.dix, coiuainmi; the I lundrcd ■, whieli divide thoti' tvio .S;as fnmu'.uhdhr',

Hillory of the MUanimfMws 111 ki^fi, tioiu then own and arc j^ovcriud l)y a <Juccn '. Anioiu^ thilu VV...

Writers; whuh jr.iined inm gnat Kcpi.tatioii. In 1716 they liiid AmlK-ryrcece m Lumps ol cxtraouiiiuryliigrc ,

lie pill, litlui'. 111 twoVoKiiiKb III (^^iiaito, 'Ihc ll^ftory cf asaJfu m lellcr I'icccs, wh.iiirel; niblc I'iantstoni up. li'

tht (Jrienial Litur^itSy whith was alio much efUeiiud. Amber i.s produied at the Imttom ol tlie Sea, ;y FliVi

And in the Ye.ir 171S', he lent abro.id tluTi V(iy.i};(s msS i:|H>n l--ir:li •, mk\ when ilie S«a i< ttnUHlkuus, ii-.c\iO-

'J'ravtls, which wtie likt wile red ived with univitlai Ap- Icnce ot tht Waves ti.irs it up liom tlie hotrini, il

J laul/. B<TiJes thcfi-, lie | ublifluii in.iny otlur learneii wafhes it to the .Mion; in the j-irm of a MulhriAKiu;

'Iieatifes i and having tur many Years weaktced his Con- 1 rullle. Thelc Hands arc full if thit kmJ ol Wt.

flitution by an .jriduous Application to liis .Stmiies, he tret; which bears the Cocoa-nut, and an- from one ti, lu..!

(iicd en the \i\ oi Stpitmbir lyio, of a I'svcrc I'll of the I/ragiics dillant from each other, all iiihabitni. Il-

Cholick, in the 74th Year of his Ai;e, with the Reputa- Wealth lA the Inh.ibitanti conliilb in Shells, ot whivii cv.t,

tion of Ixii.g one of the mofl leaincd Mm, and one of tlie (^^i'eei.'s Trealuiy is full. They lay tht;r arc 'J

the exjdlcl^ C'liticks of his 'rime '. W otkmai more cxp.ri tiun th'lc lliamU■I^, arJ lUiu

2. Abto the firftol thefe Voyage-, we kr.ownotby whom the librcs of the Co.oa-nur, they inaLe Siiirti ai. "■ i

It waswri:'.'n, theBetvnningof It Uiiigiiii|xTf(ai butitap- pifie, as alio Nells or lunHS. Ul the fame I ;et t... >

jiearselcariy that ifwa.swriitrnint!i< Yearof thcHf|!;irai j;, liuilJ Ships and Moul'ei, ami th> y aie Ikillul in al. '>'■■■■

A.D. !'-,!. 'lilt latter, whuh is no muv ihan a C'ommen- Woikmanflup. Thiir SluIK th<.y h..'''e from tht Ixa'.

tary or D.li ouife upon the loimti, ajipcars to have been the lueh times wIk n they nie up to the biiria^c, whe.i ti-- '•"

» .Stc M. A'r««;«'./-, I'lvUc 10 tl.»lc RtUiiOiu. ' ^>-''''

P 3M-

• tl'.hin Jt tj.aifimit iUi l<ift,,fiif!i, Ttm \'
rttumrci Ur,m Lis \ > Vjge, .1 O. 1 ;<;>;

■ L-i '.Kt ■^.tiii lliriind, in 4!! [robuln! ly, oar .Author mcaii. ihe S«a atmut the Maldiim v.U>c\\, accorJina to ihc lailcrn (ifopip''"'! "^
u.'f. ihit r.il c) it.c /'./...., tVcii lii)m lilt i^cu of /),.,'.,. Mw, wh.ih i, ihc i;i,!jli cslkJ hy tl.c Ai.<.;tii;i .\.»ii- .i'j,;.;. llie fjllfrii "'"'■^|^',
i;ufi.t;). frrali of t!.c tt.tn J«:.u, ul.,(.l. I. tiiu I'J Iw nihtr 4 provcrbul Clirjic, liun .1 gco[;tjphicj| Dthuiiion I heic .S<j<, " '''l'''" ''*'''"J''J.
ir.^' ihc (Jcean, whit h tfty C;i!l Bj' Ht.itjt, ;.rc ihr i-n of ( f.-na, the .Scj of /jri;j, the >rAol I'i'Jij, tlie .-Hi of K U^n.i or tiic ''■^ !"' v! , ',
Kom 1 lown wl.uli i> thouj;ni 10 l>c the (.7,/na 01 the .\iiciriiO ; the Set of A-fli, or ot L.tit.t, which ii ilic M/uiWrjuj: i il" '^"- ''
i Ut,i', ot the I a If I an ; iiA ll.i: -■<•» ..f A'.--', or tht Vtmiiii huxiati i ImI tlielr ."re i wt ull llic N,imci liiry jjivc ihciii, hir ll.c ~ci cl /■.•"J
c .'lai (AitCii the Urni-'.ta ; that of i'lrjii, the -ca ol Eu^'tm , tnd other Nan c-^ they lute (or |MtlH.u'iir Vmh ot llidc S<a>.

• It i< rio »<.n»lti tliAl the .ir>iti had but a very im|>erlrft KlRiwIeilge ot ileie Illuiil , lincc »r are nol veiy Weil infurmcd shfflJt '""" ' ^
Hy I i;r l'r:.,'rr rii:.v probably Ihir.l; that our \j:i,or h.i- mullijil.eJ ll.ciii. fioiii il,t Nuinlicr he l[val.^ ol i t"" ■''' I'"''""' '"1^ _ ^^
l.ict (iiin:!i;l!m them ■ loi ihe n.oll .nt.;r.i!c W riiet. \*c h.ivc, allure ns ih..: ihrie aie l«rln; !)i.iul..iiJ i.l ihiiii ; .inJ thi. i luJ I" p* 'j'- ,f .jj^
li jn of tiirii Name in il^ ilmlnhur loiigue, i.e M^l. Ihvi, i. e. a tho..liiiJ IllamU , that ri und Numlx-i iKinv, put h" llie "'•'' ^'"'"^'

let ;! b* what i! will We l!..!l i.eicaf;er vive the kcadrr a lull Actouni u( tlicie liLiiidi, and ilicie'uic Ih.iil i..lill no longer Ol; thtm lie;« ,_

' 1 he l'ul)fi-.i.ier; A(.£ount» »e have h„i of thi; Ma.'Jiun, d . nor julijli ihi, rariuilar, i( I he In'tni o( I hi- \iilti"r ^ >■> ''' i •''■'" "' '; '. ^

J.1-nd; \.crt dwnjrt ••ovniied by a W'.nnan. It iir^t.t ptrliap. be |u m lu, 1 ime, sthtic, b/ Acciduit, ouc V> oriwJl iun[*il l»a*« lucCrtJcJ "^'^

'.kteii /. . :.ii.f4 UkI '.^iictii A.'ar, here. ■ l . -.

hob.u*

M/.-

chip. U.

of the E A •) r I N n I i: s.

5^3

|,.,|.|iii,(i tl.r.)'* Rr.i'v hiM of ilr C'vn.1 nut Tn-c into x\\c
sii. 4ml tli>* ''''■•I''" ll'ik f" f!'*"'"' 1 f''7 '■•»" 'It' '•! Kafh'jf

,;,t'lKir L.tniVi'B'' .^ , , , „ , .. .

4. Biyonl iIkI' Kiam'i. m ''"• Sea of //.•Hv^./, ii sV-
rrti/iM, or Cflli}", 'hi chirl - » ill flioli Irt.iniU, wliicli
jrr f.illi il Dsbljat. It 11 .ill coiiipnni'ii l.y tlw S m, ami on
itxliull they lilli for Pi-jrl. In tlii;. Counfty tlirrt- is a
Mouiitiin tallnl Htiinn, to the Tojiot whuh it iv ilnni'-.ht
',/,/,;»» ulnii'!"!. "'"I '''''■f '«■" '''^ ''f'"' "' his loot 111 .1
KiKk, will h 11 f'*vcrity C"ul>iri 111 I .cncth i ami tlicy liiy
itut //i4"»». lit •'"■ '""*' ''""■» l^'"'*' ^i'l' hii* i't!\(r Knot
,11 till; Srii. A'">iit thii MoiiiiMin arc Mino tj| Ruliirs,
()|ials .ind Amrthylls. Thii Ill.iiiil, wiiich it ot j^nat
l.xfiit, Ins two Kifipi .-iiiil hire arc founl l.i|',nuni,
Alixs t"'l'. lirrciDiis Stuius ami IV.irls, whuh arc
lillril lor <i'> tlif t'oall v an alio a kiini oi l,jr[;;c Slitlli,
*liicli tt.ey iili." iiillcul "♦ TrumiKTs •iiiil arc niiuh v.ilii''il.

In the l.tnic Sra, towariN xhr Sft>rfiil>, there arc other fiiljjc^t to great Stormj, wMtli iiiakcs ilian boil up lil;e
Mil, Init rot li) many ill Numher, tho' of v.ill l'xt<'nt, Water ovrr a hrc. Then it is that the Surf u-fhcs S'x^y,
ami iinkiimvn. One of tht-fc lllarvlt, calKd Kitmtii'; is af^aiiilV the Iflaiuis, and hrcaks t!i(.in to I'.cies wit'i im
iim'r fcviT.il I'rinics in wliiih tlicrc it ^jreat I'Icnty of (jxakablc V'iolcnte ; anJ then allj !•* it tint Filh of ail
(jolii. riie Inhabitants here have Cneoa nut Tin 1, which Si/;, s arc tlirown lU.nl .ilhure upon the Kooki. The
luiyly riicm with Fooil, and thertwitli alfj they paint VViml, whiih comiiiunly bluws upon the Se.i uf ILr-
tlnir HchIiis, ami oil tlieniiclvis. *,•«,/, i-, from aiujtlier (garter, viz. tioiii tlic N. \V. bur

riic Ciilli'in of the t oiintry it, that no one may marry tliis Sea is alio liibjca tu a', violent Aj^itationi as tliofc jult
till }'.<• hti iLiin an I'neiiiy in Battle, ami brought otf hit nuiitioncil, ami tlun ^mbcrgrcccw• in torn up froiti ilit Bot-
If.il. If he his kiilid two, he rliiimt two Wives •, and toni, and ; .utict.laily wIktc it is very decpi and thj

Ore <t tfi. y clioiijj'ir fit i but ai 'hey \\rre prntrr lin,n on
their yoy,i;;cfh!y nu't wiili fu< ii a Ntmiii, |litt to li.'^hrai
their Sliip, they wer^j under a NtCrllity of thrci.vui; a!l
tht'ir Ore ovci hxard.

Since that Time the Mountain his been cai '.fully foti^lif,
but It has iKVtr fiiiee Ihcm Ian, '|"o (oiiclude, tlurc ate
many fu( h lilaiuis in the Sra, n.'jrc in Nuuiber tlun can
be l(ti!own, loinr iiian , Hiblc by S( ifiKii, and Ibm': un-
known t) the, 11. In tlvf: Scit it ottJ'i luj»I)e>ri, that
wliirilh t l>;U(l at once fptcads over a Ship, an I kts <l-jwn
a long thin 1 on(',uc or Spout, tjuite to the .'■uifac? , f thr
Wat. r, whuh tlien is turned round as iiy a Wliid-wiiid ;
and it a Vdili happens to be m the Way, flie is imiiu-
iliarely fw.illowed up thcri-liy Uiii ai len^jth ihi> (.liud
tmiuntMip.itviin, and i;ili.!ia;;-i s iill If in a pr<Klii;;i'iusHiln,
It IS not known wli'.ther rl.. W.'trr is fnrked up ':iy the.
L'loikis, or liuw tlii.t coiivs to pal". All il.i (■ S us am

It I1P lu< Oain fifty, he may marry fifty Wives. Tins
('tilliim piiH-ieih Iron) the N'umbcr of l-'.nemiet which
fcinmivl ihin; fo tli.it he aniont^lt them who kills liie
pr uill Niimixt, it the moll conlidered. Tlidc illamls
it Kmm alMiiind with l',lcj>li.int', Kiilwood, and Trees
(ullal ChMrz.iD, and the Inli.ibitants eat human Flefh.

ry Thele Ifl.iiuls fepar.ire the Si-.i of Ihrkotd for the
^nv( SbfUbel, and beyond them mv others called Nitjn-
hui , which are pretty well peopl.d j botli the Mm and
th: Wdineii there [;o n.iked, except that the Women

Wii.n Shippini-; is among tlu'li* Illind';, the Inhabitants
.mcolfui l-.inbarkations, and brin;^ with them Amber-

ecji I
■leij'er It is, the moic alual'le the AiiiIk rf»reece.

It iu liktwife ohi'm'id, with refpcd to this S.m, that
"hen it '; tlius : /iTcd by the teinpilUious Wiiu's, it fpar-
klrs like Fiie, :i' .1 that ir is lafeiled bv a rcrt.iin KimI of
I'lHi c.iliiii i ,(jv .liam, which frcqn ntfy preys upon Men.
This is prob ' ly no otlr ■.• 'han 1, Sliark, which is coin-
mon enougli on all the ' ;:ills of liie fiiJits. i le;e there
is a I'.irt ui' the Mam •. pt lolt, wherein tfic Author
tieaied of the Tr.idt .0 Ci'iii.i, at it Hood in his rime,
and ot the Caufcs wl.iih had liri'i. '-.t it into a declining
al tlifir private Parts with t!ie l.e.avct of Trees. Condition, ii then proci'eds tin.

7. Am mi^il ^thers, the 1' in 5 i!;at freqirnriy liappcti
at Ciw/v M.e not the leall. Ca>ifu is the Po." of ;ill the
ijracf a:ul Cocoa-nuts, which they tnick for Iron ■, for Ship.s of the Thai's, who trade in C/'imi, aw. '.' . arc
t.h;ywantno Cloathing, bcint; iVce from tlie Inconve- there very fretjuent, becaufe the lloufes are luiili: with no-
iiTcics cither of Heat or Cold. Heyond thffc two thing but Wcod, or clfe with fplit Cane j befulcs, Ships
I mils lies the Sea ol'.'InJiiman : The People on this Coafl arc often V)i\ in going and coming, or they are ii'iundercd,
i.it hiim:iii FIclli quite raw •, their Complexion is black, or obliged to make too long a Stay in 1 larbours, or to
th r Ilairfrizlcd, their Coiii'trn.ance and Fycs fri[',htful, fell their ( v, ds out of the Country fubjcft to the . .Vrt/f,
th :r I'trt are very large, and almoll a Cubit in Length, and there make up their Cargo. In Ihort, Ships are uii-
iiri tlvy 150 quite nakeii. They have no (Irt of H.trks or der a Nccellity of wafting a confiderable Time in refitting;,
(i'!.fr Vcllils i if they ha»l, they would I'ei/e and devour not to ffKakof any otiicr C.uil^.-s of Delay.
iiii the I'alVcnj^crs they could lay hands on. When Ships Solim.vi, the Merchant ', relates, that at Ci>:fii, which
li'.veheen kept back by contrary Winds, they are often in is the principal Scale of Merchants, there is a Muhamme-
th !;■ Seat obliged to drcp Anchor on this barbarous Coall ii.in appointed Juilge over thofj oi his Religion, by the
Ir the like of Water, when thiy have expended tluir Authority of the Emperor of Cifr/Vi i and tint he is judge
^■ick 1 and ujvin thele Occafions they commonly ;V of all the A/c.^<i;««/i</j«i who refort to thole Parts. Upon
fjiiie of their Men '. leftival Days he performs the publick Sci-vicc with the

^. IJcyond this there is a mountainous and yet inhabitecj Mobawmcdan.f, and pronounces the Sermon or Kotbat,
I'lancI, whcp,- it it liiid, there are Mines of Silver, but as which he concludes in the ufual Form, with I'raycrs tor
i: ilcKs not lie in th^ ufual Traik ot Shii'ping, many have tlie Sultan of Mollems (orMuflemen). The Merchants of
liHi'^ht tor it in vain, though remarkable tor a ry lofty htik., i. c. Ptr/ta, who trade hither, arc no way difTatisTieil
Moiim.iin, wii.cli is called /(,///j(;;<.'/. It once '" tiappcned, with his Condurt or Adminiftration in this Foil, becaufe
tluta Shiji fiiling in this Latitude had Si;^,it .A the Muun- liis Decifions are jufl and cquiuble, and conformable to
uin, and Ihaprd her Courfe for it, and falling in with tlie the Koran.

1 jnJ, lent a lio.ii on Shoi*, "/ith Hands to cut Wooil ; S'. As for the Places whence Ships depart, and thofe
'i'"; Men kindled a Fire and l.iw Silver run bom it, which they touch at, many Pcrfbns .afHrm, that the N.ivigatioii
fijinly indicated there w.is a Mine of this .Metal in that is periormeii in the following Order -, moll of the Chinefc
I'ia 1 they lliippcd therefore as tnuch of the Farth, or Ships take in their Cargo at Siraff\ where alio they fhip

» This, as we have (hewn elfewhere, ij the Tufrch.nn of the .Ancicnti ; and 1 think fi.ircc any Ifl«nd has hetn called by mote N.imes than iliofc,
*Uh have bieii bcllowej on thii i but wlierc.n in the anciciir Work ol Cofrnji hiiopUiiJhi, it v) called SiiUnJibn, it \i very t\<y to .iccouiit for
'•'». and to Ihew that jl i> only a Grui rcrminntion given to ihc true Name ; /or 6 u often put for u, and tonfequcntly Sui'iiiiibu in the fame
*';'' S/'//ii./iiY ; that is, Sitlrt IjliKtd ; whonce the uiodcni Nairn-, a? wc ulu.iliy write it, ■ui'a. thi: Iflaiid uf Ctylan.

' 111 fonic of the .tiaHan CieoKraphcrs, llieie arc called the llUiidj of Rami ; we flull give tiie Reader feme Account of them in a fiib.'t .,

' li is mod certain, that upon a (Irid Enquiry, moll of thefe Stories of Ma>i-tJt«t have been found to be F.ib'ea void of all FounAition j but .1.
I isjii l)C .illovkcd, m icjird to our Author's Account, tli it what he fays has never yet been difproved ; for the very latclt Accounts we have of the
I i--i-', K'vc thile I'eopTc the lame L lurailer that he does

If ' , '" ''"' ■^''lixiun the Mcrclmni, it is vcrv proluble, that fome Account was given of him in the Page that is lofts but as to the MehamniJaH
KoLlul, it n a vj.,y eitaordinary tad, and deiervca (>artii.uLir Notice, becaufe it plainly Ihews, that the MtbammtilaK$ had for fomc Time carried
j * • I I'ii'lir and Itttlcd I'fiulc to i.hina, wliicli li wlut from other Accounts wc could never have fufpedted.

J ' li 11 a very dilhcult Thing to diiilluiguilli, .it tins Oillance of lime, the Rout laid down by our Author, chiefly by reafon of the Changes ef
j Piur.t , oftt.iich wt h.ive paiticuljiiy an Inllance in thi> great Fort of Siraf, not to be met with in any of our Maps, of which liowtver we have
Y<- Mention m.iJe in oihtr .Itaki.in Writirs, who fay. Ui.it it l.iy lixty League* from iliiraz, that it Hood in the Gulph gf tir/ia, SLt.i that when
l>''U,ija!, t.,L' I raJc thereof wa:i traiifuuf ted (0 Uieliloudot Oimu€.

4 their

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5-4

llirlr Coo.]', wludi ro:iif fiom /)'..; r.i, or /J.-v/.tj, Oinui,
niul other Torts •. nn.l tlus (li< y do bccuili-, in this .s a
there .irc frequent Storm> ainl lliojl W.ua ii-. ni.n-.y 1 i.kc-,.
From n.mi to 5.t,;/ is ;m huiuhi.l aiultwtniy l.c,\[;uis ■,
and whin Ships have loadnl at tlus lall Tl.ia-, tlicy ihar
watn- alio ■. ami tro:n th.rna- make Tail tor a Place callcil
A;.-\j/, whiih is in the Ivxtrmiity ot thi' Province ol
o'')".'«, about two hundrcii Ixagucs tioin S:r.rff. On t!ic
Eallroall of this .Sea, Ktwecn S:r,:f and A/.)/, J.', is

a Plue called A'.;/'-' ^'"" •'' ^'V''*' ""'' •■^" "^•"""' '•'""■'''
i.7« K.ik-'u.uii \ ami in tlfn Sea aic Rocks calKd Ommi,
and a nairi'W Strei^ht called Dcr.Iur, between two Kutks',
vh.re walls ^\o vcrture; bvx the (linrfi Ships dare not.
'Jheie are alio t\v>> Ki^ks called Sjjir and Jhuwr, whitli
fcarcc appear above the Water's Id;'e : After they arc
clear of thefe Rocks they l\ecr tcr a I'lare called SLitu
Om.i>:, and at Mi/uU take in Water, which is drawn out
of Wells 1 and here alio thry arc fiipplicd with Cattle ol
the Province of Ow.:;* .• I-'roni tiuiu e Sliips take tlieir
Departure tor the /«..';>.', and titll tluy touch at K.iukum-
f)j,;'/ ; An ! from M-'f.at to tlii'. P!ai.e it is a Montli's Sail
with a fair Wind.

This is a fiontirr Place, and thechi(f Arlenal in tlic
Province of the time Name : And In re tlie Cim^Je Ships
jnn in and are in Satcty •, trelh Water is to Ik hatl lure,
a:id tlic Cb'-nn'! pay * thouland Drams for Duties but
otiiers pay oidv Irom one Dirar to tin Dinais. J-Vom
JM.'n.it to K.!!damm.:Ii it i^ a Montli's Sail ; a:u! th.: n
Jiavinp watered at this Place, they tx-i-in to enter ll; S.a
cUlirknuly and laving filled through it, touih at a i'i.xx
called Ijjjahlui, where the Inhabitants underrtanii not
the //r.-:i(, or any other Language in u!e .vith Mcnliants.
Thty wear no Liuaths, arc white and weak in their
Feet.

f). It is faid tliiir Worrcn are not to be teen ■»•, and tlut
t!ie Men Iiavin;^ tiie Illami in C.inocs, l.oliowci! out ct one
riece, p,o in CjiieH ot iheni, and cany them Coica-nuts
Cane?, Nloufa. and Palm-wine. This I.i(juor is wlir.e,
ind, if drark tii-fli, has the Tafle of the Coco.viait, and
fwctt like Homy •, if k- j.-t foiiHwhat loni-'ir, it becomes
as tlrong as wine ; but if it is kipt hir iiv, ral Days it turns
to \"incf;ar. '1 liiy p.vc it in Ixchanf^e f ;r Iron ■, and in
i:ke Manner they trtiek the little Qiiantity ol Amber,
■which is thrown on their Coalb for Hus ot Iron. The
li»r^ain is driven ly Motions of the Hand. But they are
very quick, and are apt to cairy off Iron fiom tJic Mer-
chant5, .iiu! leavi them n(,!li!nj; in Return.

From hmcc Ships l!rir tow aids CaiuLi'.r, the Name of
a Kingdom, on the Coall to the Right-hand beyond
tl'.e Ind:a. Bar f i^yiifics a Coall in the I-ingu.ip;e ot the
Country ; and this dejxmls on the kiigdom ot ZiU>a_^c.
The Inhabitants arc dreffed in thotc Sorts of llri[)cd dar-
nients which the ,>.;/■; call luuia; and tluy commonly
wear but <ine at a time, which is equally i-blervcd by Per-
fons if every Dtgree. A; tins Plate tluy commonly take
in Water, w!-,iih is lilltd Item NN'tlls (<d by Springs, and
wlr.ih ihcy like better tlian wlut is urawn (-utol Cillenii,
aid lank'. Liiat.tr is alviUt a Month's Voyage (rum a
PUic called Kiwki.'rti, wl.eli is a'moll u[K)n the Skirts of
the Sia ot }i(rK,nJ. In ten U.ivs alii r thi', Siups naiii
Bttima \ frcjm whence, m tin Da)b more, they come up
■With K.;Jrai:^(.

It IS to Ik <bfcr%-cd, that i;i all the IP.ands and IVnin-
fulas of the IhJks, th<y find Water when they dig li r it.
In this litf imntii.i'.cd Place there is a very lotty Moun-
tain, wlaiji IS jKoplcd liy none but Slaves and fugitive,
from tin rte in ten Days th'V arrive at i'(«t/. I Icre is
fiflli Wati r, aiui liei.ie tomes tlic Aromatii Wooil wc
call J/iiJ i.l \)trji. 1 Icn; is is a Kingi tlic Inhabitants arc

I'ook I,

blul:, and wear two ftilped G.iimrnts. Ilavlir-iv,.
at tl.is I'ljcc, it is ten Day, l'ali;,,;(.. ,„ i',,,,/,,';^'''''-'
Illand where is liidi Water; t'lcn tluy llccr ihuavlui"
Sea ot S.tnji, and to to the dates ot Clim; lor t '""
ciU certain Roe ks and Shoals in that Sea, torniin'- i I'l'" ''
Streight, through whit h Shij^s pals. It 11:411111.5 ,1 Mun[r,
tail liom S.iitJrrfuLi to Climr, and it uh% w-, ^.f
whole D.iys to tker clear of tlielt Rocks. '^"'

10. When a Ship Ins got throiit-h tliUl G,!;, .r,
with the Tide ot Mootl, p,oes into a treih Wata Cv''^'
and tlrops Anchor in the chief Port of ai>w,\vhv'''
that of Liiiifu •, and here they havelrelh Water l-h-r',"
Sprin{-,s and Rivers, .is they have alio iji niut'ut-
(I'.licr Cities ot Cvi'iti. The City ii adtinial v.;t'i'i..'.'!!
So,u.iri>, and lupphett with (very thing natliurv iLrlC
fence a}',.iinll an 1- nemy, and in mod of the utlur iVc'.-n-
there arc Lities of Strength, lortilied in the lainc III
ner.

In this Pcirt it ebbs ami flows " twice in twt.ry 1-
Hours i but Willi this diticrenee, that whereas lio:'i;\'j
to the Illand called liJiti K.J.cuun, it W.w, wiun tin \!,', ■■
is at lull, and tbbs wh'.n tlie riles and it lien H.-j 1 ;. . .'. ,'
near Bam KiUc:h}i; i\wic to the dull ol CLihj, itii. l.,i!)
when the Mtxiti rites, ami when Hie is tow.uiis her M;;'.-.
it is b.bh : And to, on the contr.iry, wlicn llic lit; ': j
Plowing Water, and when the is quite hitiJcn t,:ij:: ; ;
I lori/.on, the 'Pale tails.

It. 'I'hey fay, that in the lilind o( Mii!;iitt, v,'. ':.
is between ^iraiMl/ ami Ciil'i, on the I-,.ji;ein S!i„, n u
Ii-Jic.:, there are Negroes quite naked, ami ih;:, nh.n
they meet with a Stranger, they fang limi wiili ji.s IKJ
ilownwartl, antl line him intoPiitei, which tluy ut;;i.'s
raw. Tilde Negroes liave no King, ami teed i'iod
1 ifli, Mouia.CiKo.i-nutsantl Sui;ar-Carresithfvh.iv,l','„i'v
antl lome ijkis in the L'uuntiy. Thev r;[ort,u:j, ;.'.;
in fome Patts ot this Sea, there u a ihia'llilh kiro e! \ ':,
which lltes upon the Water, and which tiiry ca!ltl.:S..-
l-<xutl i and tliat in anotlicr Part there ij a I'llh, u.,,.
leaving the Sea, gets up to the (.oeo.rr.ut Trcci, irj
liaving tlraincd them ot tlieir Juice, takes to t';ci)ei.-
gain : To all whitli, they add, ih.;t in this Su th.'t 'i
tort of l-'illi likea LoblUr, wliiihpctnlicsas f^ur.asL,::
out of Its Pltmriit i they pulverise it, and it:j£."o. :.,
Icveral DilLiles of the L'.yes.

They lay alio, that near Z.iLje there is a }<\a,::. ,
calletl ihc Mi,un.\iiH cf Jirt, whith r.D one can appru.,, i

that in the Day-time it lends torth a tliiek .Sijiualv, :. .1

the Night It throws out llanie:,. A: tlie fVi-t c: i.j
Mountain, tlitre are two Spri-.gn of frdh \V:icr, i:;:t:;
hot, and the other cold.

iz. Tlic Ciinff: are dreifed in Silk Ixitii Wi.-,: r ;: ;
.Summer, and tins kind of Drels is coninioR to the I'r. -
a' .he Pcalant. In W inter they wear Diawtrset 1: •
t ar Make, which lall down to tlitir fctt : U! :. *
they put on two, three, lour, live 01 ino'i-, il they ,
one over another, and arc very larclul to he covrnJ e,;..':
down to their Feet, iKcaufeof the Damps, which ai'.\;'
great, antl of wliith they are very ap^relicr.: v^ ■'
Summer, they only wear a iingle (iaiment tl S'-, ^''
torn.- luth Drels bur have no 'I'urbar.s.

I heir ccnimon PtHxl is Rae, which tl'.'y ntttn c.-[i
with a Bioih, like wh.it i\\c .'lialu makect iMiaur '' '.
which they pour upon the Rice. Then King- ct V> •
BiCati, and all fins of Animals not excepting i'':'' ■ •
Ionic others. 'Ihey h.ive kvtr.il tort> ot Iriiia, .\;; ■
l.emoiifc, Qiiinccs, Moulats, Sugar-Canes, Cuius f . •
drap. s, Cutumfeis ot tuo liiris, 'I'ree? wliu!; "'-■ '
Subllance like Meal, Walnuts Alinomls, filL'ei:M ^
lachios Plumbs, Apiici,ts ServuesanJ Cuie-i-ii- •

'■ \\t ftij'l lijve an Of portunil)' of fxpUimos llus (Irarge Story, whicli ii cor.(irmfJ l.y .V,/'.-t /•«',■, and Smh i< Ceitt, ithfii »f ffr-f
Cf lilt Irairii of ihc li,!u.cr, «!.u -llat! us, ilal ihcrc wttc tv.o IlljiiU.oiic ciu.nl; iiilubilctl hy .Men, tiic ollivi hj Woiniii, ar.J i.^H'"
r!r Hcic Chttlbun

plr Hcic tfittmun

» ll IS it-n |)ii.b..blr, ur r^lhcr cerLiin, from ihc (Account p\tn liy our .Author, l)i.it llii» murt llie I'orl of ('«■■«», a
'I liic isa I rrtuiiiilincr ihat Itronfly t'lnhnm ll ; 4ml 4 t. in.aii.itaj.(.«: wlucli (licv,;, a llie Uiiie fimc, tliat (he A<M »«
Mirirf, ai ihcv jirr vrncrJIv matiiioi

a,;d ihf Ftrtp*'!

.5 •-

,e« :'■■

,. .if • (

Kli^lm ai ihc) jirr grncrJIy mi^iiioi

- Iimull 1* jlltmed, ih.ii ihrit ait "lu' Jaice i,f tin o*l I Airounh in ihrft Rflmoni i Imi It rr.
ifiv lew ol ll.'Ri v.l.ii;i h.vi- lictii li l|iuifcj Ulue iul|.,if AA.m |<tiri*lra Lt ht or i.olil'ct., i< _ ... . .
i until [^ f.if 1 iChtt Man.-, it.h ii' ilic Ciint I iunj; , aj.m,)^. i(;..i ihrit I r.il)« Jic lnund only .in ili :1 I'art .il

lotic lilindi.l //«! ,r,a'!, ar.ti liai tiiC i'.r/i-,i.ii« tit tin i'uwJci uf U.cicj'tiiinctl Crihi, a»
jt;.c;:rvi i'> i.ti.ti .'Uiiini.

i >

'It i.ol 10 '£■•>

p.uil Iw ownrd, ar ll.r Ciiv T:mf, '!mi

a f.ill l'r<x)l ((lit ihr I'd" hf fl«' "

licCCNdiof < >:«■•, »''"'^,

Ml abluibeiit HI It*M. I lie vn.')' ^1 'li-' f

,\..-

ciuip. ir.

of the K A ;j T i N* D I E

5^-

tlifv !i;ivp IT.1 Store of Palms, ihey Iwve only n few iiln.iu
l^.nK- "I 'v.uc I '.mil's.

" j'ii'^.jr Drink i.. a kind of Wine ni.ulc ol Uitr ^ ihcy
have no ocluT Wine in the Coimiry. luii ii ijn'ir ,iiiy
br.iii'lir to thiiTi : They know not wli.ir ir nt, not' tin lln'y
iliVir of it. They have Viiut^.ir .illd, .miiI ii kiiiil ol
CoMiiit like what tlu' /Irabi tall NaleU ''H'l l"Mit' iillii'it.

Tiny art- not very nice in pnini nl ( iiMnlini h, iinil
wadi not witli Water when iluy cil.' N.itiiii', jitit only
wipe thrnilMvcs wirli Hainri tln'y eai nl ili.nl Annnil'i,
jintpnidilf m.my other 'I'iiing'. likf the Miifs^iiim \ hm'.I
in tiiith, the Religion of the one anil tht; oiJi'ir ii much
(he liimc. The Cbh:efe Wimvw .i;)i)c.u uiu'tivniil, ,nul
adorn their i ie.iils with linull Ivuiy Loinlis, ul wliii htli -y
w(ir iomt'tinvjs a Score to|.;('ilu'i- 1 the M( n iire lov. ml
wifhC 3pi <it a p.uticiilar M.ikc 'I'lu' I .,iw ihty oMcive
I wiih rrg.i;ilto Tiiicves is to put tluni tu DiMlli tin logn j«
thty AK •:\\v;;}.\t.

Oiir y\uthor Iccms here to intcrruiit hi'. N.iriiuion, iiml
M t.ikc ocuilion from what he has hilon- rf|i(ii|('(| (mul
whirh, in tlic main, is conlirniecl by laHi' Wiitrp ) id
(oniparc the L'uHoms of tii;; liiJimn anil (U'iiifji\ nilu-
iiiixing liib Dircourle alio with other Mattel'.,

13. The Initians ami Cbinrfe ^.\\^^e, thai ihne an- lour
great or principal Kings in the VVorlil \ tlvy all allow ihc
King of the /Irnbs to be the firlf, aiul 10 lie, lifymiil
Pilpute, the moll Powerful of Kin|vs, ihe n\oll wealthy
and the mod txccllent every w.iy \ biiauje \w ii the
Prince and Head of a tjreat Relii^ion, and bciaulc no
ttlur liirpaiTcs him._

The Emperor of China reckons hiinfelf nr.\i aln 1 the
King of \\\c.-irabs, and after him the Kinj', ol the iituku
ond lalHy the Balbara, Kin[^ of Mobarmi til Alvi, 01 ol
ihrli' who have their l''.ars bored ''.

Till"; ihlhnra is the nv.ll ilhiihioiis i'liiice in all fhr ///•
(.'.•«i and all the other Kiii[''! tlure, though rath i'l M.il-
tiT anil intlependant in his Kiu|vloni, aikiiowlcdf',e tliu'l
hr iiisPre-eiiiinencc. When he fi'ivls l',mlMi1'aili)r, to (Ik in
tlicy receive tiuni with cxir.ioidinary i loiioui'i, Inaule ot
t!,e Rcipect they bear him. This King inake«t niayni-
iiar.t PrelVnts after the Manner of the //r.'/j, mi',! iia'*
Hirlcsaiul Kl;'])hants in great NumUi;,, and gnal I'ri.l-
Ilirt5 in Mom y. He has of tholL- Pieces of .'mU'i 1 i alK d
'Hu'-inn.ui D>.im.<, which wei^h iiall a Uiaiu luoie lliaii
Ai /iiidnpi Dram. They are coined wiili the l)i' of ilic
Prince, and bear the Year of hii Uciyi lioiii ihc lall of
ihc Reign of h:s predfrelVor.

They compute not their Y'e,n.i do, but only by the Ycai'i of tlirir
Kings, Moll ot ilr^lc I'riiU'cs live a long 'I uite, ,iiid ma-
ny ot tlicm have rci[!;nid abov< lilty Year'', and lliolg of
;'■■-' Coui'try believe, that tlie l.(n;i;thol llicii l.ivc, and
'! their Reigns is granted thtni in Ueiuiupi nic loi lluir
K:ndncls to the //n/^j. In truth, there an no Piiiues
more heartily alVedionate to the yinil's, andiheii yubjiHi
iiolclsthc lame Friendfliii) lor us.

A.'.'iurj '* is not a proper Name, but aii A|ipell,ilivc
cannon to all thefe Kings, as w.is (.j/hni and Ihiik oihef .
I lie Country iiniler the Dominion ol thi^ Piiiue li(|»,ini
c:i tiic Coall of the Province called KiwiLitii, and re.mJn ■,
I ;' Land to the Confines of Cbiiia. 1 le is liiiiouiuli d by
the Duminionsof many King'., who are at War wiih hiin,
-:id y;t he never mari.hes aga!:>lf tlniii.

14. One of thofe Kings e^ the Kinf, ol /iiii\i, who
Ills very mmierous I'orces., and 1, llioiig.i in llmli ili.in
Till utiier Princes of the liiJin, bur 11 ,111 I'.iu-iiiy (o the
'ir^h; il\v\vj\ he at the fame liine, conlell.-, (heir Kinp,
'|>bc die greatcft ol King., nor is there ii Piiiue in the
^'•'-■•'«, who has a greater Averlion to the Moi,iiiiiiii,liiii

at
Vrmy,

I'aifli. I lii Dominions .Ii? on a Promontory, wIk^ic are
null h Riches, nuiiy Camels an, I other Catde. 'Ihe In-
liibiuiiits hen: traflkk for Silver, which they watch for, and
(hiy lily till re aie Mines of the fame on the Co'iiincnt.
1 here is no T'alk of Robbers in tins Country, any more;
lli.in in the rcll of the Jihlics.

On one .Side ot this Kingdom lies that of ^,;fek, which
is not ol very great Extent. This King ha, 'lIio iincft
white Women in all the Jrtui:.'j ; but he is awed by the
Kings about him, his Army being but fmall. 1 Ic has a
gie.it AlVeftion for the /Itc.t's, as well as the Balhitra.

i'heli' Kingdoms border upon t'le l^ands of a Kin"
called /v(/«)(, who is at War with th.: Kingof //,/n'2, and
with the haibnra alio. T'his Prince is not mucli confi-
deinl (ithcr for lii.s Birth, or the Antiquity of his King-
dom i but his pyrces are more nu!m.r.)i!s tli.in thofe of
the liiilbara, and even tli.in th.ofe of tiie Kn.gs of J/anz
and 'IiiJ\k. 'J'hey liiy, that when lie taki;s the Field, he ap-
jicart at the Head of tifty choufand bJephants, u.ai t.'-.aE
he commonly taircacs in the Wint', .Si'.Mi.n •, becai.fe tns
I'.leph.int', not being able to bear T'hirll, he can ni.A\
noothir I'iine. T'liey add likewili;, chat in hiis Ar
there ai.' commonly lioni ten to lilteen tlioulaiid T'liuj. In
this lame Country they makeCottonCiannvntsinfucIi cxtra-
oiiliii.ny PeiliCtion, that no where die are the like to be
leen : I'hefe fjaiments .ire for the moft Part round, and
wove to th.it D. gieeot I'inenefs, that they r,ny b^' drawn
through .1 King ot a inodeiate Si/.e. tiiiells aie curivnt in
this Co'.intiy, and ferv..- for fmall Money, notwiil'lland-
ih!', tli.u tliey have dold and Silver, Wood Aio>--, and
SabK Iknis, of which they make the I'urniturc lor Saddles
and I h ulings.

Ill this l.imc Country is the famous Krirkaiuian ', that i?,
the {liLiuoceros, or) Unicorn, who has but one Hern upon
his Forehead, and thereon a round Spot, widi the Rmre-
li'ntation of a Man. The whole Morn is black, cxc^'t tlie
Spot in the Middle, which is white. The Unicorn is much
Im.iller than the F.lcpliant ; from the Tscck downwards he
pretty much refeinblcs the BuHaloe, his Strength is very ex-
traonliiiaiy, for he excells therein all other Creatures, jiis
1 lool is not cloven, and from his boor to his Shoulder is all of
a I'iccc. T'he F'lephant Hies from the Unicorn, whole Low-
ing is like that ot an Ox, with fomething of the Cry of the
Camel ; his Flelli is not lorbidden, and we have eaten of it ;
thete arc great Numbers ot this Creature in the Fens ot this
Kinp,doni, as aito in all the other Provinces ol the Indies -,
but till' i lorns ol thefe are moll clteemedi and upon them
are genually lien the Figures of Men, Peacocks, F'lHies,
and iitlur Releniblanccs. The Cbinrfe adorn ih.eir (iirdles
with thefe torts of Figures, fo that fome of tiieir (jirdles are
worth two or tlnee thoufind Pi-ces ot (jold in Cl'.ia, and
foiiK'timcs moie, the l^'rice augmenting with tlu licauty ot
the I'lgurc : y\ll rhc tilings we have here enumerated are tv>
be purclufcd in the Kingdom of Kabini for Shells, v.luclj
.lie the current Mt-ney ot the Country.

y\ller this Kingdom there is another, which is an inland
Sl.itc dillant irom tiic Coall, and called Ka'ibiin; the In-
h.ibiiaiits are wliue, ami bore their tars ; they iiave Camula,
and their Country is tor the mutt part deleit, and iuli ol
Mountains -, tartlur upon the Coall there is a tliuU King-
dom called II. .range, which a very poor ; but it has a Bay,
wlure the Si.i throws up great Calamities ofAmbergieece i
fliiy have alto I'.lephanis Teeth, and Pepper j but the In-
li,ibit,!nts f.it it green, becaule of die Sin.dhiel-. of the Qiiau •
tily they gather, ikyond theli.' Kingdoms lu:.-e mentioned,
iheic ai'e'others ot Number unknown, and among the reil
th.it ol Ml!,':! ; tlie Inhabitants are white, ae.d drcls alter
the Cbni'Je'Moik ; their Country is full of Mountain',--, with
white lop?, and of very great txtunt ; here are very gicac

' Itii very highly nrob.iblc, that '.liis n.iil.iin, ni M..M1111I1 nl llip Nuti.iii tihiJi have their Eirsl-orcd, which is pl.iin'y ihe /iJ.-mi, «a', r,ci
'"ivnh.m Uic ;„;,„, „^ ut i.myi:tin oi d.'i.ul. ulni, ,iii.iiiliii,i, In llii' Ki'i-i.ii i.| ih.- melt ,inciii,U'uTa-;..a. tiiiiorunt, »u> i.>.;.iiowltdgtd .u a
'■'iJol limpciDrin the Ji.t..i, i.xl.uuitrcJ WMr.liiluir I lit) ilil. "uicil the I'.iII.ki l"ilii'ni liy iHl c.ii'C of <<'. 3./ II ■/•t.

, ' ''liiiiiioil.iri;..<.dRe.iroii, Nvh) Che M.iii.inh line nii hlmi cl lliimhl t.f fiiti'ii lor the l-inpfror <il Oiiiut. liiicc he lil^ewire\i.is not called by
'.■•ri'l'U.Naint, liiitliy lueh an Apiiclhicive ,i.llii= I ,.ii.l il wi OMihl i.l'l.nii ,111 iMymology of tlitic Word-, tliatcuuld bedcpeiidtJ upoM, 'tia very
liW; Clut /(„//,,,„ ,|,„l s.imiiu'i wmU l)t liiuiul i" li.iMii tin' l.iilii I lulu;

''.'>« Iiavc :,lre.ijy tiiwii li> hicjic an Ati.iuel .1 ihe KIiiiiimiii. , llml «i' lli.i
"lew iiiuriliwiv'ii, „lili'(v.ii£, ilial It I. iii-luil, chij VViitci iiiakvs tlie Uinei
i*eail,aiiLiJclicnl,crc.

,„„ll not ito.ibli- c'i.e Reader with .nny thing nn chat SubjteT here, but
;iinorii and tl.t: Rhir,occro» ttie lame Ue..iare, ajiictable tu what wa

•IMl), jO.

Quanc

I'jfi-' 5''

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W^hl,!.,

^26 7/v Difcovcry, Settlement, <7/;^/ Commerce Booki

Oiinntitic-i of Mii(l<, rrtrrmci! tl-.c moll cxc.tiifite in t!ic pliirc. Tlicy mourn for three w|,oIt Ycwi ,n,\ i

--'■■- ' -^rnMaiMnotiiofo.wouMb^rluUifcdwitlH r

, a I'limllimcnt both Men and Womfn ir. i„ui "

\VorKI. They have War with all tlic neighl-oiiring Kirg-
tiom*.

(ocvir

ll(K),

' omf n are liable

govern the Cities an^onprt the CZ'/wrrc ; the Country of Md- Viftuals
hii is bonU-rinn; ujion Civ»/.J. ami i^ .it IVace with tlic I'm- ihcy tin
pen'r, Init nor lubjert to him.

Af^M

The Kingilom of KUhcd' is bcvoml thnt of Mnjet, at the fame time- riu-y are rcpio.uhcii, inat'tlZ"^T'
tlu-rein nrc m.iny Citirs and the Inh.ibitantn I'^ep I'its, much like tlioff'
Mulct ; for they have Otficcrs or runiich';. like thoi-- who life anion^the Arah : Till tliis is done, they conilintlvi'"
•■"••' ■ '^ '"" Viaualslxior:- theCorpsi and asit isin theKvininir',' .

(18 exhibit Meat and Drink to their Dead ti t

, , '■•"'■'> '•■v^y "'•xt Morninp they tind nothing left, they im,i»,'nc ,|,„

Year I'.mliailadors and IVrfcnts to the I'nipernr of Cbinii, they havcconlnmed ail, and lay ■, Tie DMajeJL.:.t:i„
who <^n his p.irt fends I'nibalTadors and I'rcl'cnrs to them, 'ihcy ecafe not trom Ivwailiny their Dead, por'trom fa-
Their CMintry is of prcat Kxtent ; and when the Kml^tf- inp. Meat and Drink Ix-tore them as lonfi; as thev arc k'^r
fadors of Ma.'f.l trt T Chinj, they are rarefuily watched, in the 1 loiife, inlbmiirh that their Exjiencci upon ,!-,i

and rrveronre allowed to fiirvey the Country, for frar they '^ -''- ■••' •- •' : ^-- < " '- ■

flioiil' form Dcfpns of ronquering ir, whii h would be no
diiruult Tafk for them, *v-c.u)fe of their great Numlvrs,
and Ix-caiife they arc divided Irom China only by Moun-
tains and Rocks.

I ;. Thry lay, tli.it in the Kingdom of Chiiti there arc
above two hundred Cities with Jiirifdidi-m over others,
and have each a (iovernor, and an Kunuch, or 1 j'litenant.
Caiifri I' one of thclo Cities being the I'ort for all Sluppinp,
and ]-rtfiding over twenty Towns. A Town is cii.t;; i'itd
with the Title ot City, when it is allowed fome of th(;(e

Occafrons, and in thus paying their lad Duties to thnr ,;,.
parte<i Kclatiors, are fo exorbitant as otten to niinthm
and eonfumc their Wealth and I'.Uates. Formtrly tVv'
with tlie de.Kl Ikxiies of their Kings, or otiitrs ot t.^c
Royal Blood, buried very rich App.irel, anil thtfc <,^:i^
ot Girdles which we have obferved eoft lb inuch; but ^
Cullom IS now out of Date, bccauli- it ha^ hipiitntd ih^t
the lk>dies of fome have l>een dug up by Thicvts fgr jC
Sake of what w.is buried with thrni.

Tile C^';ne/;, poor and rirh, great and fmall, bmtorrd

and write ; tlie Titles of their Kings or Governor?, are va"

great C/'rV/? Tnimpets whirh are fafliioned after this ried according to tuC Dignity and Kank of the Cities undtr

Manner : They are three or four Cut''its in l.engtli, anc
much about as cm be gralp< d with Ix'tli 1 lands -, but tliey
grow narrower towards tiie I'.nd, which is fitted to the
Mouth i on the Outftde th.ry arc coloured with Chitirfr
Ink, and may be he,ud a Mile off. l-'ach Cuy has four
(iates, at eaeh (,f wh'ch are live ol th'fe Trumpets, whieli
the Clitf'e found at rertain I Jours of the Day, and of the
Niglit. There are a'Jii in t.vch ( ity ten Diiirns, which they
beat at the la.-n- tnie •, an(< tl'.is they do as a publirk Ti'ken
of thiir Olx-<^ienee to the I'mp. ror -, as alio to fignity the
Hour of the Day, a.-drfif the N'lght, to whicli End they
have alio Dial- and CicKks with Weighrs.

They emn a •;re.r <!eal o\ t "p;^r Moe.ey, like what tlic
/frt'/v rail I tluj : 'I'hty have rrealiircs I ke other Kings ; or Cotni^hiints ot the I'eejle. Hch.ii'.d thi^ Tribw.al th!
bur they cn'y h'.verhi< !'->rt of fn-.atl Morey, which i^ cur- is an OlTxer called Liru, who keeps Ihnding, ai:,i j:-
rent all over tl;e Coimtiy ; for though they have (iold, cording to the Onicr he receives from the Piince, jp'^-fa
Silver, I'earN, Silk, and nch Stuir- in gr?at abundance, his Aiifwcr on tlic Petition, for tiiry never anlwcro:'":.

them. Thofe of the Imallcr Cities are call«l 1'ufiv ; and
this Word fignilies the Governor of a Town-, thftf- of
the greiter Cities, as Cavfii, lor Kxample, are ftiledD''c,
and the Kunuch, or I .icutenant, is {hk-dfukm, Tkk
I'.unuclis arc feleftcd from the Inhalitants ot the Citi,
I'lirre is al.1) a fipreme Judge, aiui iiim tlity call/jfj;.
mr.-maki :7n ; other Names they have for othtr Ofors,
whi^ii \'tv kno.v not how properly toexprefs,

I-. A Man is not railed to the Dignity of 8 Pri'rr,
or (idVernor ot a Cit)-, till he has attained his hrtifi
Year -, for tlitn, fiy they, he hath l'xp"r::ice. Whtnw^ef
thefe Princes, or Vice-Kings keeps his Court in a C:rv,
lie is featrd upon a Tribunal, .irul receive; t.ie Pctitiors

they con'tder them ordy as Moveables and MercliLidife ,
and the Copper pierrv arc tlie on'y current Coin -, fiorn
foreign P.i;ts th-y have Ivory, l-'rankinrenle, Cop-per in
Pigs Torfnde-iheHs ar, 1 I'nirorns Horns, whuh we
have mcnti .ird, ;i:ul with which t!icy adorn thtir Girdles.
Of their own Stock, they h'.ve a': undar.ce of Hal's of ISur-
then, Uolis .AITrs, and n.omcdarics ; but tluy have no
/hAltnn Mori- ■■..

They have an exee'lent kind of Fart!\ v.d'-rtwith t!ry
make a Ware r\ equal I-ineinfs with Cilafs, and equally
rranfparTnt, \\ h-n Metrharrs arrive here', the f.'i>;»cye
fe'7.e on tlieir Carg'-es, .nnd corvty them to Warth.oulis,
where they remain lix Montlis and till the laft Mer(h:int-

man tv arrived, th-n •'.
frr C-m. of each Com:;.

y take thwe i.-. Ten, or thirty

ertliant. l! the Kmi>^Tor I a'h a Miml for ariv

iiry, and return the rell t<i rhe

art:r'<-

w ;fe than in Writing, or admit of any Application', '-•
what arc commitrei! to Paper. Bcfure the Faniei p'^!.-;
their Petitions to the Prin< e, they get thrin eymin-d!'?
an 0;li(er, who, it he clilidvets any Kault, fn^s t'-ra
back again •, for no M.m may draw up th:fe \Svxn
whicii arc to be j)rcfint»d to the I'rinre, except lOetk
verled in Bufinds-, and at the I'ottoni of each W-'trg
they put, H'nlten h fiirh a One, the ^c» cf r^^biO'.r^
And if, in this (ale, there happen any BiiirJer or M;>
tak", the Clerk is lum!x)CKl •.

The I'rincc never (ears himlelf on his TrihudnilK
ha-, eatui and drank, for fear he fhouldliennlhk-ninljn'e
Tiling; and each of thefe Princes or Governor) has l.i
Subfiilarice fn<m the public k Treafury (^i the Ciiy he coir-
minis. The fimf^cror of a-;/;.7, who is nlxivea^li!:-'*
Pr;iiccs or jxTtty King'., never appears in puiilick bur ";;

lar Thing his Olvcers h.ive a k:j;l;t to take it, prettrral y m ten Months, fancying, that if he ihewed hintcli . l'::^'
to any oth'r Prriiins whatfj.-ver, paying for it to the ut- to the People, they would lolc the Wneration thev Nv;
mofl Value. Tlity difpa-ch this Hiifintf. imir,e>;utc!v, for hiin ; lor lie liolds ir as a Maxim, that VvM\t^»

and Without ti-.e haft Fnjuliiee; they commonly take Cam

phire, whirli th^y pay lor after the rate of fifty h\ikus;f

ftr Man, .ind th- lahujt \^ w.irrh a tl,oulan<l fa!u','(,r

Pieeei of Oipp-r. W!

■n It

hapi

)ens that tr

)crur

cannot liiblilf but by Force, and that the PcnrV kw»
not wliat Jutlice IS ; and rh.u thusConltiamt 3ndVi.;b|
mu!^ be uled to maintain amonglt them the .Mj.eir/ot
I'.mpirc. . ,^

18. They have no Duty imixiled u\ ''"ir '-'"'
but .ire fu!)|ca to «. Poll-tax, which is ., "H ^'I^n ^'^
only, and that, acxordint; to their (onditu j"- ^^i^^'J^
Wiuii any .ir.ih, or other Sti angers, »-e in th;sGn^;'h
the f-'f/w/y.' lax t'.em a<-iording to their .Sublfii.re. ««'
any Dearth m.ikes Necelfanes <' ,ir, tlun ihe Ki::gf:<'^
his Store- houlcs, and fells all -Sorts ot Provi,...;is n.-u

• It wouM br sn fPilItf. tlimg 10 faiipif fhc Rtadcr u,ih Corirflurfs alnut (heft CoumrifJ, the N»mei oC wliicli art ton!:)' unknownto a: •'
ttaial uic... Lyofiini, w,„ti k.(iu,„:y u, i^ .t i),C) ;.< Unmc.. C^j^ (.#», r.« jn.i G ,«a. ,

' !it.; Aiowitol lui- Coni'ucI < f the ' ' -/ r io*jrti, ihc Mrrclui.i , toimj..iiO lu well with, lioth uiili ancrnt an.) mnt'rm R'v'"""' ,'j ^
l<-.!vn n/. r., m 1. 1 in m lUrM. riiher of ;! r 'I jaih of ihrni, or t,l it. ■,^ c;.rnul U: ilkniair. anil ..t il.c Unie t.nic cotiliim n the Op"'""'
J-.Ci.'.ti. ni.it.y li..!K»ucivrrtJ .11 Oif (jl;.. ■. .:i /nt '.:i li.c lurfg ..(1^ Sr, !,.».( , ; „■

' 1 1.1. kind if Ira'ttf n llill in u.Cit f <,«,,, fo tlut tl.nc t..r, t,^ i.oi iiy Ctant tl.'n that ilii, Accf>uiit i% tx-ili yenuvr aulti^l ■("'"'';'.
p(f:b.f to «,.<r, el.,w 4,, ./,/,/..„ ,\t:;.a u tl.c Agt in Hii.c. ii.u M-.trnfui; t »4j wrotf. Iliuuid be Maitcr of tliilc l'-.^. 'MiKo>y>--^
ku.vn in i»../, i.il U.hc A.i. Jiu , ,

'■ _ Jicj;--'

docs not take I amphire, it f IS for half ai mi.ch ag.ain.

I'S. The r>w/> ('o tiot tniry their d.ead til! the Day
1 wclvr-iTicmth of' thrir Dece.ife. Till the bxpirati m oV
this Term, they ke.ji the.m in CofTins j lor having prrvi-
nifly chird them with f^iic k- lini'-, that thry t:'..iv i.rep,
they place tlir m in lorre Part of the ir I foul. s. the Bo-
lii'.s c^i tiicr Kings arc emlialmcd with Aloes atul Caiii-

5 , "■ i, if\'

il'Sr,:-;

Chap. II.

of the East Indies.

^^1

cheaper than tlicy arc to be had at Market : And hence of twenty Fakuges, which make about two hundred D/-

ro Dearth is of any long Continuance among tiic Qbinek. nr.rs. Now this Piinifhmcnt is luch, as tli-- Criminal

Tiie Sums that arc gathered from tins Capitation-tax, are could not furvive ; it is fo grievous, tliat no Perfon in aJl

laid up in the publick Trealury ; and I believe, that from China may, of iiis own Authority, inflid it upon another,

this Tax fifty thouland Dinars arc paid every Day into the upon pain of Death, and Confifcation of his Gooc!^ ; and

Treafiiry of Canfu alone, although this City is not one of fo no body is ever fo hardy as to cxjiole hinifclf to fo

the iargeft in Ci'/'/fa. .... certain a Danger ; wheretort Jufticc is well adminillicd to

The Emperor rcfcrvcs likewife to himfelf, the Revenues every one. They require no Witncfs, nor do they put

which arifc from the Salt-min<s, and from a certain Herb the Parties upn Oath,
which they drink with hot Water, ami of which great
Quantities arc fold in ail the Cities of China, to the
Amount of great Sums ; they call it 7/ii6i7,that is Tea, and
it is a Shrub, more buPiy tha'. die "omegranate-tree, and
of a more pleafant Smell, liir h.-a a. kind of Bittcrnefs

with it. Their Way is to boil Water, which they pour That fu'ch a one, the Son of fuch a one, has confumed

upon this Leaf ; and tliis Drink cures all forts of Difeafcs. the Subllance of fuch a one ; and that if he has any Efllds

Whatever Sums come into the Trealiiry, atife from the in the Hands of any Perfon, in any Shape whatfo-

Polc-tax, the Duties upon Salt, and the Tax upon this ever, it mult be made known in the l\rm ot a Month.

Leaf'. In the mean time the Bankrupt is bamboo'd on the Back-

19. In each City there is a fmall Bell hung to the Wall fide if Difcovcry is made of ar.y Effcfts of his; and at

above the Prince's or Governor's Head •, and this Bell the fame time is upbraided with having been a Month in

may be rung by a String, which reaches about three Prifon eating an ; drinking, tho' he had wherewithal to

Miles, and crofll-s the High-way, to the End that People fatisfy his Creditors. He is chaftifed in the fame manner,

may get at it ; when the String is pulled, the Bell ftrikes whether he makes any Declaration of his Eft'eds or nor.

over the Governor's Hcaii, and ftrait he commands that They reproach him, that he ha.s made it his (ludy to get

the Perfon who thus demands Jullice, be brought before by Fniud the Subilance of private Perfons into his Hands,

him; and accordingly the Complainant fets forth his and cmliezzle it; and tli.it he ought not fo to defraud

2 1. When any Man becomes a Bankrupt in this Coun-
try, they throw him into Prifon in the Governor's Palace,
ancl he is immediately put upon the Declaration of his
Eff(i.T:s. After he has been a Month in Prifon, he is re-
leai'eil by the Governor's Order, and Proclamation is made.

Cafe in Pcrlijn ; and tlic fame Pradice is in ufe through-
out all the otiier I'rovincts.

If a Man h.is a Mind to travel from one Place to ano-
ther, he mull take two Pafles with him, the one from the
Governor, the other from the Eunuch or Lieutenant.
The Guvernor'i Pals permits him to let our on his Joui-
rey, and takes Notice of the Name of tlic J'raveller,
ar.ti of thole .ilfo of his Company, the Age and Eaniily of
th.' one and the other ; for every Body in China, whether
a Native, or an Arab, or any otlier l-'oriigmr, is oblit;ed

thofe he had Dealings with, by flripping them of their
Property. But after all, if they cannot difcover him to
have been guilty of any Fraud, and if it is proved to the
Magillrate, that the Man has nothing in the World, the
Creditors are called in, and receive a Part of their Debt
out of the Treafuiy of the Ba^ltw. This is the ordinary
Title of the Emperors of Chirm, and fignines the Son of
Heaven ; but we comiuonly pronounce it after a different
Manner, and call him Ma^km. Then it is publickly
forbidden to buy of, or fell to this Mai, upon pain of

to li.d.-re all he knows of himlelf, nor can he poHibly be Deatli, that he may not dt fraud any of his Creditors by
cxculiu. ■ concealing their ^ioney, If Difcovcry be made that he

hath any Sums in the Hands of another, and if tlvj Perfon
he intrufls makes no Declaration within the 'I'imc liinitcd,
he is bamboo'd to death, and nothing is laid to the Pro-
prietor or Bankrupt. The Sums that they diicover arc

The I'linuch, or Lieutenant's Pafs, f[iecifie5 the Qiian-
tityot (iooils or Money, which the IVaveller and tluife
with him, take along with them ; and tliis is tlone fir the
Information of the frontier Places, where thefe two Paifes

arc ex.uriinLil ; for whenever a Traveller arrives at any of divided among the Creditors, and the Delator or Bank-
tlicni, it is regillered, That (uch a one, the Son ol" luch a rujit mutt never more concern himfelf with Trade 1.
ORi-, of fe.ch a family, palfed through this Pl.ice on fuch 22. The Chimfi: have a Stone which is ten Cubits hij^h,
a Day, in fuch a Month, in fuch a Year, and in fuch erected in the publick Squares of their Cities, and on tliis
tunnuny ; and by this Means they prevent any one- Stone arc engraved the Names_ot all Sorts of Meiiieines,
from carrying of the Money or Etfe>its of other Petfons,
or their Ixiiig loll : So that if an/ thing has been carried
tfi unjuilly, or the Traveller dies on the Road, they
immediately know what is become of the Thing, and they
are either reftured to the Claimant, or to his Heirs «.

20. The Chinefe adminilfcr Juflice with great Strict-
nds in all their Tribunals. When any Perfon commences
a Suit againll another, he fets down his Claim in Wri-
ting, and the Defendant writes down his Defence, which
I'..' ligns, and holds between his I'ingers. Thefe two
Vi ritings are dilivcrcd in together ; and being examined,
SiiUcncc is delivered in Writing, .and each Party has his
I'apcrs returned to him ; but firfl they give back to the
D;t;ndaiit his Writing, that he may acknowledge it.

Whca one Party denies what the other affirms, he is
'^•I'-r . i to return his Writing ; and if the Defendant thinks
^' ni.,y I'o it falely, and accordingly delivers his Papirs a
1« )ni! time, they alio call for that of the Plaintilf, and
tT :i th-.y fay to him who denies what the other affirms,
Mal<e it appear that your Antagonilb has no Right to de-
""inJ ot you what is in Delwte ; but take Notice, if he

'<"S out what you ileny, you lliall umlergo twi nty

i;..

'trjKcs ot the Bamboo ufjoii the Backlide, and p.ay a Emc

with the ex.art Price of eaeh ; and when tlic Poor Hand
in need of any Relief from Phyfiek, they go to the Trci-
lury, where they receive the Price each Medicine is rated
at. There is in China no Tax upon Land ; they only
levy fo much per 1 lead, according to the Wealth and Pol-
felTions of the SuHjert. When a Male Child ii born, hi3
Name is immr'diately enter'd in the King's Books ; and
when this Child has attained his eighteenth Year, he be-
gins to pay tor his 1 Lad ; but they demand it not of
the Man who has feen his eightieth Year ; on the con-
trary, he receives a Gratiiicaticm by way of Penflon from
the publick Trealury ; and in doing this, the Chinefe fiy,
'That they make tins Piovifion for him in his old Days,
in Arknowluigriitnt for what they received of him when
he was young.

2 ^. There are Schools in every Town for teaching the
poor Chikhen to write and read, and the Mailers are
maintained at the publick Charge. The Women wear
nothing on their Heads but their Hair, whereas the Men
arc covered. In Chi>!a there is a certain Town called
'/i7v?.', which h.is a Cattle advantaglouHy feated on a Hill,
anil all the Fortrefli ■; in the Kir-.gdom are call' d by the
fame Nair.e. T'lie Chinefe arc generally handfomc, of

* I' ^rrtirs frnm hrncc, that the CuHom of drinl: np Tea in CHnn, is much more anricnt thnii ue h.ivc gfneially im.i£iiicd it, f"r it muft have
■-v,.:cj ]iT.^ before our Traveller ucnt into tlii- toumry, othfrwili' a Tax upcn it wciulii have l>€cn ipc'ftcc;ual It may rot be ami!?, to oblerve
"■'f,_lfi:il tliei<tm.,ik5 ot the Author :Merqually n.itur.'l aiiU jiuiii'iPur; f'-r .' e ir.fiSi chiefiy on tlxilc Ihiiii'.s it. which the C/:tt/;i J fi.uJ molUitm
I '-i: . 'o- ..■■!«■,/.,•;., aa ilia! tl.iv clul in: eucuiiicm-, wck' ivit vrn r.v.'.vt :n vv. lh;iig, and made no Lciilctiu-t olt- tri; RlcoJ.

' ! "e Rftidcr wil! rrnirnil-.<.r that tbi. wav a fettled Regulation aniuiig the ancient hJinn,, lo that it i> very ptnb..b'e, that tl.e Ci-i'-r'e derived a

'■• h -Cl IS likcwile tot.fitnied by later T^,iVl■!Il■r^ ; nr\\ thnuiih dure Teems to be a pieat I'eal of !'rvrrity in it, yet It is wc 1 r.dapted to the
''':■■- It li.c CJi.fi-i , vWio would hoi iail lo bi loine B.irkrupf" rre.;mailv, 11 they were allnwed •'; it.idc altiiv.. ii^ i .'i.d ptrhi.yi the ii.iroducirg
j '•■'' L.\i iu oi:.i. toai.liia, m caie of » lecoiid or third Bai.kru; tcy', iiii;;'it be found very eftV.-.u.il.

comely

lil

:- ! , i.v.;

4,~ li

■^ !■

;i:iii

f \ ■

iO' 1;

:l;t

' ft

)■ ,* ft ' ;■

■> >■ ]} , '

^ ;J<; .) I > f

5-^^'

7Z\- Difccncrv, Scttlci^i-^nt, and Commerce

Rook I.

mlilii

comflv St..:itrr, f.iir, ami ly no nuans
cclVci'c'i V.,m--. Ciu-ir 1 iair is bUkcr rh.m tin- Ha;
t)i!uT Nation ill the WoiKii and the C7.;«,,i- Woiiun

to Ix-

.i;r ot

ililVcicnt from tlicir own. Tlv ftvrr.il StatM of il'
arc not I'uliiict toniu- Kir'^; but cadi I'lovinccha

,1.1

any

wiar it lUt:.... .

•4. Ill tlic Iii'i-'-'' '^•x'!' a Man arciir ; anotlicr ot .1
Criir.i- i-iif.uli.tl)le with l\.:th. the L.illum is to .ilk t!ic
Aaullil It he is willmj; to [;o throiir',h tiir liial ly liu- ;
ami it' he arlvviis m tiic Altiriuativc, tlity h>at a I'lcct- ot

If khf.

Ktij.^ The Ba'.htira \-. ntvrrt'ickls in iht- /,,J)j .,jV'*i'
01 Kin;',v The Cbintfe an- fond of Gainintr.":,.,/!
Manner tif Divcrlions •, on the

loiulcmii thrin, and have no rkMlurc in thcin. Thrv '■ •■■
no Wir.f, nor make any I'lc ot \'inop,ir, Ivt.uiic'n '
ni.ide uf Wine ; and yet thi y alitlain not tlnTrfri',m ■ "

lion tiil It 1- nd-hot. This done, they bid hini tirrtdi rtliu;ioiis Pnty, but tor another KtMbn. Tliry Uy.ti.jtf
toitli his i liiui, and upon it they put livin Leaves of a a King is given to Wini.', he oni^lit not to he da- ' '

urcain Tree, and upon thelc l..avf<. they put t!ie nd-liot Kin[^ : For, continue they, as fhire are fm

hiMi, a;-.d in ihr< Condiium he u/.r.s b.ukwaid and tor-

waid lui linnc tunc, and th>ii throws off the Iron. Im-

nu-diaitly after tliis, they inii his Hand into a l.e.ithcrn ;!-. 1 !i'j War--

Ba-^, Nshich thev 1", al with the Prince's S)i;n<t •, and it at in}; I'nnces

with the rieigliouiii'H Statrs, hew Hiuuld a UrimkaU
ma!'.a"e the AtV.iir'. ot his Ki;;'doni ?

the 1-Jid ot three Ww- hr appears and de( laris he has

in winch til' yenpaf,c with nrif:l,!v,,r,
arc not iili.aliy undert.ikcn with a Vi

111}; I'rinees arc not iiii..iiiy uniiert.ikcn with a Vi.«i,
polTi fs tiiemfelvcs ot tluir Dominions •, ami I never h-ij
ot any but the I'coplc bordering upon tlif IVi-rxrC-".
iiy, t'hr.t liavc fei/ed on the l'u(lcl!ions of dinr N^.y'

bours after \ii;'tory. W lun a lMi.ee makes himlllf mV.
ter of lome other PrinciiMlltv, he confers the Gov:;n.
iiu:-t there(jt upon lonie I'erlon it the Koval Kj'iiilvof
the connurr d Loi;nirv i and tliu- he kcp, :t ,n ,Si;b'i.:i!on

lulilrcu IK) Hurt, they ni>!ir him to take out his Hand i
wlitn, if no S:f;n ct Vire is vifihle, they I'.elarr h;in iii-
lUKcr.:, and delverai trom the I'unilhnient whieh thivat-
ned him, ard h;s Aceufer i'^ conikniiied to pay a M-ui ol
IJold as a I'iiic to the I'rine;-.

Sometimes thty ixiii Water in a Chaidrc^n •, till it is to

hot th.it no one r.ui touch it ■, then they throw an iron to himli-lf, lioni a Firlwaiion that tiie Natives would
King into it, and command the I'ertijii aceutrd to tlirult never ai;n:e to lie otherwile ^'.oven.ed. Wlun any 0;,; cf
his ri.;iid down, and Wm\i, up tin l<in<j;. I taw one who the I'rinces or (iovernors ot Citie, within the Du.'iiiiiioaj
did this, and ire; I Vi it no manner ot Hurt. The AuiMer of tl-.e l-'iniHTor of Ciuij \. puiltyol a Crime, hen j 14
is in this Cafe alio to pay a M.m of Ciold. t" 1 Vath, and laten , and in ■;• litial, it may ix Iji.l, ti;;

2;. When aKint;diesin this liland of ,'?,'r««y/^, they tiic r/;;«(/t- cat all thole thai ate pit to iVaih. W: ,1
lay his Bcn'.y on an ojxm Chariot, in liieh .1 manner, tli.it
his Hcid hani;s Ivukw.irds til! it almolf touches the
(uound, and f.is 1 lair is upon the bartli ; and tins Cha-
riot ;s followed by 3, Winian with a Urooni in hrr Hand,
tlitiewith to Iweep l);ill on the I ace ut tlj<- U<eeateii,
while llic criis out with a I011-! Voiw ' C) Man behold
" your Kill};, who was yelK'rday your Mailer, Init now

t.'ic ///..';>.;;; and Cv.iiffe aie about to marry, the Vw.^
eonv to an A};rccnicnt ; then I'lcfents arc made, and.,itl,i;\
the Marriat;e is celebrated with t.'-e Sound ol nianyfi)m:j|
birtuinui-:. and Drums. The I'refiiits they feiul o.-if;!!
ot Mi.nty, ar.d in tl)l^ every or.e dies what he cm afor.t
27. it a Man in the liuitcs luns.iway with a Wc.rin,
and abules jur Body, they kill both him and the \\-":r,,

the Kmuire he excrcifed over vou ii vanilliciiand f^onei unlets it be proved tliat iliew.is toieedi then the M

«« he is reiluced to the State you bcliold, h.ivin}; lelt tlie
" World, .1 t!ic Arbiter of Death hath witluirawn his
" ."^'lul: Reckon thertlorc no more upon the uiu.rtaiii
•' 1 loix's oi Lite."

Th:s • Proclamation, or fome other like it, tiioy con-
tinue lor three Daysj alter which, the dcail Utxiy of the
King IS cmbilmeii with SanJal Woosi, Camphire ant!
Saiiron, a:.d is then burned, awA the Aflirs .ire ieatteied
abroad to the Wind. It is .» uiuverlal C'ullum all over
the hdic.y to burn the 15oUcs.it the De.id. Tlie IPan-!
o! Sitrtiiuiii' IS the lalf of the Illand.sof the InMii. WIkm
they burn a Kin};, it is ufual lor his Wives to jump ir.to
the l-'irc, ar.d to burn with him ; l.ut iliis they are not
tonl\:aine .1 to ilo, it tliev aic not wilhnu;.

In t.he !;:,:(' there are Men, who pr..i,rs to hve ii; i!, •
Wix)ds ar.d Mo;r tain", .ind to delj ;le wh.'.t (;(lr r .Men
niUll value. ih' U- .U>iiain trom every t!iin[; but lurli
wiid. Hvrbs and l-riiits.is fpring in tlie Wo. ids, and put
an iron Buckle u[K)n their natiTal I'.irts, that they may not

ly is punifl-.ed with Death: Bit it the Woman c&r.l,:: J
to the evil Deed, tluy are (joth puiiilhed witli IVa:';,
Tlidtis always j-uniflie 1 capral'y, a', well in ti.i /;■•,■ . ;;
m Cliu:, wlietlur tiie Thcit [\- coniiderable or \:.:z-
lideraiile ; imd particularly in the In.lif, w!:-:.', ;; 3
Thiet has lloun but the Value ot' a finall Piece of M;-
ney, or a thin'.', ol greater Worth, they take a lonj, if-r?,
a:-..i fliarp .Stake, winch th'-y apply to his V\y;,hr. r.,
and thrutt it tiirou^'Ji till it comes out at Ins Neck. T.-::
Chinej! are addkted to the alwmin.ible Vice ot .V\'rv,
ami the lilthv Pra^'iice of it t.'ify iiun'.h'.r arrie-c 1 •
ildl'-rcnt tliinp tin v perform in 1 lonour of thnr la;-

The Ckwcjc Buildings are of WikiH, with %f', I'i'-
ter. Brick ami Mcrtar. Th-- ( tiiirfc and /«.. -ii) rir :
tatisfy'd wit'.i one Wile, but Ixjih .Nations ir.m ain-Jiiy
as tluy ple.ilf. Hie • is theconimon l-'oodot the /«.i ■,
wlu) e. t no Wheat , whereas the Ch:iiej',- rat ot Ku.-a:.!
Wheat iiuiui'erently. Circumciiion is not praciik'nl^ '
by the Indinns or Cbmeje. The Chin:}; wor'hip lecr,

Ik- able to h.ive .uty Commerce with Wdiiicn. Som- ot pray to them, and t.ill down b'lore them ; and they h.if

"Books whi! htxplain the Aitides ol their Re!iL'.o:\
Jmlui'Ji (uffer th'ir Beards to i^iow, and I li.ivc ler
ot them with a B-ard three Cubits lomii thfy « ar
Whilkrrs 1 but thf Ct:iirjf, tor the molt part, i-f-
B<-ard. and have all fmooth. I he hdi.tn', iipfl
(have Unh WnA and Fac

Wii

t!(im ..;c qu.te iiaked, or have only a Leopard's Skin
tliiov.n ovt; them, and in this Plip.ht, keep (bini'inp, with
their )rx;\ tow.i;ds the Su:i. I (urmrrly (aw one ■.:; the
Puib.ite I lu.ve <'k;fcrii ei!, .Mivl return:<l^ to the India aUnit
Hxtecn Years afterwanb, I lound iutn in tir: very fame

Attitudi, a:.d wasalbinifliCil he had not loll his p.yc-bpiit D-iuh of a K' lation,

by the Heat of the Sun \ any Man in the India is c.itf into I'tifon, they all j»1i.-.

In all tl-.e:i Kin{j;d')M!'., th? Soverti';n Powr rcTi ies in neither Victuals nor Drink tor lev, n D.ivs tc!'-ih:'> '■
I'.e Royal I an, ily, and 1,1 Vir dtpaii. trom it ■, and the
iK.\t IKiis (,t tf.is luiiiiiy lucctcd earh oth-r. In like
mai.ncr, thtie are I-amd.es of learned Men, of I'hyll-
cians, aud ot all the Artiliccrs coneernetl in .'Xrchitctture,

and none ol thelL arc mixed with a laniily ol a Profelllon the India. Both in Civ/wand in the /;»;/« there aie i-

ti.is with them anfwers the Pnd ot i :!i-.r Toitui«tct«:|
tiom the Criminal .1 Conh-fTion of the TrUili. IhcCisv
ii.iv- ludg.is belid(.s the (.overiior-, who decide mUu.
between .Subjei't and Subject, and the lame ih^yMv^-

-ovc t

» 'Vhh M.inncr r! S-.rf:rg om ihr 'I n.-h Uy appealing to ( ,ni in f > crtr.-iouliniry a Maniirr. wa< in iile i" moll Loimtnci. , _^_ ^^

at pr.ftucilby U.c Ancici.ti. I he L.,7/.,on the Li.nll c! M>i^mH:jtt, il they are atcufc.l ol .4ny<-.ipiMl Crime, lict: Imn lo prove Ihfir n- ■ •
■| i I- UM.1'. ol (Uh u! il'iiiie their I>;ir^;cii-ri in il.r (..iv.c .Vli'iTt, II :i M.iii .• .ictuird ol Tldi. lie anJ tlif .Anjlir
- luoge ; iPiiitof 0.1 i- lK.itcti ;iil i! ..Imolt bt,.! , aU s.-cm ti.e IWty actult.l .l/pi m three ol tu \\:%k\>. uhitti irr in.imJutdv iv^ ^
optiicJ III. O.c (linl i):y . v.fcer, it it apfe.r' he i-. liidol, he l.iiTrr. l>:.iU. i an.l il 1...1. the Unir Senlcncc t..lU ujv.ii iHi.' .Icc'ilr
ll* m.jrt piobabir, liiitc thu «aj once the commun Law o( our o^vn c .,jmi) . a> the Keauvi n dl peicc.vc liy loiiuiliii.i; any ol oui o..^-- j ;
c.n the '-Vonl ' t, I ,! ' . .,

' T/.r .\..i::o:i,l ihc .hali.m t.engnjhv, anj min, oi.'irr oi' tiie tlrievu: \^ iiUf, i.jve ir.indolKj lliii I'-iir.;^ -..ifr" «. '"'"'*' ^^^^^.'
|*:ii- inle.t!; II. .il ihcintre ac).i.,;nrt.! 11 .'th :he W...i I 1., ((.-.lier iiny ttio.u.b r. itu-t ihc ^llOun;.^ given bv l!if .\i:t tia»<" '"'
ti.c iMuhiuiili ol /^/..'./M sjtftc pcil ,!,v ttc!. moi u.i. .\riouiii. ..,, d

' IVfi- IVmi.ce-. .ar. .i.g !.';p /...'..-. I irpc/u.j; or a' i .uiJ ble i- tf ty irem 1 .!«•. .ire lohCoiiril by ..It die navrllrr liu! MVC w:i.. ■

r'.u..-iic;. ...et.'.it .ii.t.ti Sorii.uUctii, t uclluil hu.en.. '.l|p,ii.iii!iy of Ihewing in Uic <utjK-iiy«i.l I'au «l lliu Clujut .

Chap. II.

vf the East I x d i li s.

. I lij^Iiway Robbers arc

5^9

Cuuntry. None of our People have been tliuro to inform
us (.■ijiiecniing thi'iii; They Ii;ive wliite I'.ilcoiis.

As we are now arrived lo tlie lincl ot tlii-j Work, it
may not be amifs,^ to oiler iicre fomc Koinark^ that may

'" fcoiirle, and prepare us
to come. VVe arc in-
ati(jn was of the Iltgint
2j7, A.D. 851, wliicii CircumdaiKV, tliougli prtfervecl
to us in the cnfuing Difcourfe, was very probably con-
tained in tiie lirft Leaf of this, which is wanting in the
Manufcript. But though it v/as written tiien, yet it
fcems highly probable, that our Author's firft Journey to

nanls ana Wolves, but no Lion:,
nunilhed with Death.

20. Biitli the Cbinefe and the Indians imagine tiie Idols
ihcy worlhip fpeak to them and give tiitni anfwers, Nei-

thtr the one nor the other kill tlicir iVleat by cutting the tend to enlighten tlic foregoing Di
'I'liioat, as the Mobammcd.in!, but liy beating them on at the fame time for that which is 1
i!ic Mouth till they die. I'hey waih not with VVell-w.itcr ; formed that the Date of this Narrai
the Chittcfe wipe themfelves with Paper, whereas the In-
j;,!«. walh every Day before they eat.

The IndiiiHS touch not their Wives while tlieir Difeafe
i upon them, but turn them out of their J^oufes, and
avdiil tliein; tiie Cii/Vyifbeliave in quite a contrary Manner

The liiiiim walli not only the Moiith, but the whole the Indies was, at leiif, twenty Years before ; 'beeaufe he
jjody .illi) betore tliey eat, which the Cbinefe obfcrve not. obferves, that he made a fecond Journey tliere lixteea
'I'lie Country of the Indies is larger in Kxtent than that of Years afterwards 5 and we may very well allow four Years
China, and exceeds it by one half i the Number of King- for the Time fpent in the fn It Journey, and tiic Space
licni'- is greater in tlie Indies than in Cbina, but Lbinu is that might intervene between his Return and his cornpuf-
the more populous of the two. ing this Treatife. According to this C'aleulaiion, his iirll

It is nut uliial to fee Palm-trees cither in the Indies or Voyage to the Indies ■wa<i in tiie Year of the IJe^^iraziy.
in 0!i«.', but they have ajfo other Sorts of Fruits anil J.D. ,S:i{. and his fecond /bi. il^. 237. yJ. ]).\4.<).
Trrrs which we have not. The Indians liave no (iraprs. As to tlie Occalioii of his Voyages, there is nothin.o; oc-
aml t!u- Cbinffe have not many, but both abound in other curs in this Account that can give us the Kail Light into
Fiu"^ i tlimigh the Pomegranate thrives more plentifully it ; however, it feenr, moit probable, thar \ic uri.ierwcnt
ill hiiia tli.in in Cbinn. thefe Fatigues on the fcore of Commerce -, for it ean harJly

The ChiUifc have no Sciences, and their Religion and be fuppofed, th;:r a Man would have made fij long a Jour-

moll uf their Laws aredeiiveil from the Indians ; nay,
thty are of Opinion that the Indians taught them the
^Vollillp nf Idols, and confider them as a very religious
Njiion ; both the one and tiie otiur believe the A/eleinrjy-
dci ' ; but they diHer in many Points tourhing the Pie-
c';t> of their Religion. Piiylitk and Philofophy are tul-
t.vat'.il .iinopg the /;////<!«;, and the Cbin feluvc fome Skill
ill Medicine; but it almoil wholly conlills in the Art ofap-
[I'.inj" hot Irons or Cauteries. They liavcallii fomeSmat-
tciirg of Allronomy, but tlvriin alio the Indians furjials
tlir Hincfe. I know not that th'.rt is lo much as one ol ci-
th r N.iiion that has cmbr.Ked Mohammtdifm, or fpeaks

ney a lecond Time purely out of Cu.iofity, and t(j latiUy
the Defire of being better ac(jtiaipt;:d with tlief.' Pv.oule-,
which ha. I been excited by his fornur Iiitereouilc with
them. T'here is not much to be ohlitrved with rel'-v.ct to
the Form of this Treatife, or the Stile in wiiicli it \\ writ-
ten ; and yet luinetliing thei ; is worth me;,ti )!;!);<!; with
relp'.c't to each of them. We cannot, indeed, boai«. mucli
of the Regularity of jiis .Method -, and yet it would be
unjull to condemn it entirely, beeaule, hjr want of hav-
ing the Intiotluction to it, we cannot iletcrminc exactly
what was his Plan, and conlcqtienily cannot lay hew far
he came up to, or fell fhort of it ; one I'hing I think is

I'hc Indians have I tit tew Horfes, and there are rnanifell, which is, that the Scope cf his Underfaking is

a Comparilbn between the //.'i/w/j and the C/w/cy;--, at leait
he falls into this immediately after he has delcribed the
ufual Navigation from Siraff to China ; and conlidered in
this Light, his Treatife appears regular enough. As to
his Stile, it is extremely fimple and plain, and has nothing
of that twilling hyperbolical Kloquence which is generally

r.ion' in China ; but the Cbinefe have no F.lephaiits, and
c.innot emkirc to have them in their Country, for they
abhor them. The Indian Dominions iurnilh a griMt Num-
ber of Soldiers, who are not paid by the King, but when
thry .ire rcnde-.-.voufeil for \\ ,ir, t.ike the Field entirely at

o'.vii b.xpence, and are no Lliarge to the Kin^

t!ie Cbinefe allow their lorces much the lame P.iy obferved in oriental Writers ■, upon which, I beg leave to

remark, that with regard to the Arabs, as well as other
Nations this was a Vice that prevailed in later Times, ;:!'ter
Poetry and Rhetorick h.id been more cultivated than they
were in the Iirll Ages of their b'.mpirc, which h.is been
the Cafe in moll other Nations.

One cannot poifibly deaibt, that tliis Piece was ejctr^mely
well received when it Iirll caim abroad, and that it had
maintained its Reputation tor a contiderable Space of
Time, .ippear-. from the fecond Treatife, w.hich we .are
about to givi- the Reader. It feenis, that when the Af-
fairs ot CiMna were better know^n, fome Prince, or other
Perfoii of Dillinition, defired the Author of the following
I'ages to lool; over that Difcourfe, and to inform him, how
tar thel'.icts contained tlvrein, had been continued or con-
tradicled, by fuccecding Relations. Wh.at Time this hap-
pened, we cannot, with any Certainty Hiy, from the
L'omparifon of the two Pieces, or from the Lights given
us by the learneil and accurate Ciitick who publi;!ied
them. The Manufcript which the Abbe Renaudot made
ufe ot, was apparently older than the Year of the Ile^ir.i
569, which anfwers to the Year of Chrift 1 173 ; but the
Difcourfe mull certainly have been written long before
_ , _ ^ „. that Tune. In our Notes we have fliewn that Li^-n-

t^e,Hm, or Tiki, wieh is bnrdiring on the Country of Wabab travelled into Cbina, A. IL 2S5. A. D. S9S ; and

jac'7«r^j. The Illaiids ol ."■'.-v.) are^ inh.ibitcd by white ' ' ' ' ' '"

L'ople, who find Pn fei ts to the I'.mperor of Cl.'ina, and

«lioare perfuaded, that if they did not fend lum Pre-

'^"•ts, the Rain ot 1 icaveii would not tall upon their

'i.'irrca^

w.ili the Arabs.

ChiM is a plealant and fruitful Country ; moll of the
/'.lurt;; I'tciviiires have no Cities, whereas in CW/w there
a-e rn.my in Number, great in F.xtcnt, and well fortified :
The Cliautc of China i, more wh(;llbnv, and the Country
itii'lf IS lei's fenny. The Air ^lerc is all'o much better,
:;id tlvre is frarce a bliiul P(-i"li.>n to be lien, or any one
liiiject to the Difcales of the F.yes ; and the fime Ad-
vantages arc enjoyed by feveral Provinces of the Indies :
The Rivers ot the two Countries are large, and fu:[\ifs
Pur guMtill Rivers ; much Rain falls in both thcle Coiai-
t'ic's. li, the Indies are many dellrt T'racks, but Cbina
1". inhabited and peopled throughout its whole I-ixteiit.
1 he C!::i;rfe are lianeilijiner tlian the Indians, and cejine
""Iter to tlie Arabs, not only in Ce)untenance but in
''His in their Way of riding, in their Manners, anel in
''ic:r l.ereniorii's : T'liey wear longCi.arnients anil Girdles,
'■I form eil belts. The Indians we.ir two l!u)it \'ells ; anel
!iif Men, ,is well a.; the Wejiiien, wear geilden Ijiacelets,
•ieie'riuil with precious Stones.

.,J. liiyoiil the Continent of Cbina, there is a Coun-
fry ralli'ei Ti'^aziraz, from the Name ot a Nation ot the
'.'"'<^S who there inhabit, anel allij the Country of

the Author of this lalt Treatife informs us, that he had
converfed with this Man after his Return, anel hael from
him the F.ids which he has infert^'d in his Difcourfe ; fo
that the Book itielf mull have been two Centuries oleic;

f., 1 . 1"'"' '^"''fi'it wf h.ivc :\'reMily fyoVcn in our .Accejiint of the I'hilofophy of the Pr.uln.ir.s ; nnel in o'.ir Notes ein the; fiibftiiucnt Tteniif, u r
■■•III !^i,,c tXc.iliDii to lliew whi-ri it v.-.:- Iirll eniliiaccel in (.V1-.1, anil Mith \vh;it Moiiific.itioi.i it is liill Ciugiit there.

' ^>'' iii..II uko .ihoihci OpiviiiuMiiv ot acini.uiitini; tlir Rrinlrr with ilic Hiltory e'f the ancii-nt iii'i,. :.ml l!i:ill only olifcrve hi?ro. that iiie N'.v
.'."" "''f^' mintioiicil ,ire to bi- coi liaijnl as iUhIImij; 111 tlicit n.iti\c Ri'i<,ii)n, bifort- thfv be-c.\mc f.nmiiis by their Irriiinum ir.to I'er.it, which 1- il.c
)■'"'"''.' ''V'-'v mIhtc mcint m (hi- and 111 the lubu>|'.ifi:t 'I'rc.itilc by ilie N.imc of Ir.ii, ami bffirt ihcv bt-canif ,i/»'..-.v,v.y.'..« ; \vliich n t,.e n:iirc
;'""")■. ixi-MW from the iTcltn; S'.ac of 'I'hir.c n i-. vciy tiatuial to conned the liicus which ui k.iM Ct tiie nioJef. /».■ </, >vulj iheic .Aciueinti

T ••'•-«

NuM

n. .10.

li!!' :^ jit''

■' i

a,A i ' *••

i' lij

ff'h ;^

; I'

.•':, i .

V ^

530

T/jc Dircc)\cry, Scltknunt, a//J Commerce

Book I.

»h.in the Manufcript from wliidi the Alibc RoiauH^it ptili- At laft he brcaiiic Mailer of the City, and nu 'i

hlhitl if, and niifjit probably b<- written 60 or 70 ^fais Inhabitants to the Swonl, 'liicrc are IVrfonl , 1'

altrr the forq;oini^ Trtatili-. Thrlc .ire all the I,i;;hts (\UMnuA with the; A Hairs of (.V.;,,.,, who allijrc

whiih, from an alluhious Study ot iliclc vahi.ihK' li.i;-,- Ivluics ilu- f.77».'r/;' who werr ni.tfl'.u ml i

yjc-

mcnts of Anti(iuity, wc h.vr been allc to ^ivc the Kca- tlurc pailhrd on.- hundral and twenty thourmd U; '

ilcr, and fh.nlon- wr Ihall dita'n him no longer from the mtJans, 'Jev.u CL'fiJhiinu and Paifos who wi 1

I'ircc itfcit, which i.i the Ongiiul biars the following on aceoiint of Tratlii k. The Nuniiier u\ the iVi'ir"

•]-itlr. "' fhcle four Religions, xvho tin,, ,K,-,il,ej :, ','''"'">

T/v Difcotof,- of Aim Zciil al Mafan of Siraf, con-

ot thcle four Religions, who tlm, iKnliicT U^ '''"'"*
known, b. caufe the 0.,.,y;- are excced.nsly nic'c in t'hct'
counts tiny keep ol them. '"^-'C-

V UtjiOUrj,- pj Ain. ^uc. u, ..a.an v, .>uu, ,.n. j,,, _,„•, ^^^^ ^,^,^,^ ^,^^ M„Ihrrr^•.trce. ,n,l I a

fcrmne //'f /■'mvi.v /o /^-c Indies ««</ China. the Trees ot other Kun!s : But we'ipckof ,i vi „ •"

in partirular, bccaufe the Ov><Mu!riv,tr t, ,n, 7
II. Having very earcfully cxamineil the Book I was ti^- Cke «,f its Leaf, on whi. Ii t'ln 's.ll. J^ ^ ^''''*'

^ ■ ' '■ ■■ Ih:, lVv..aa.ion is the Caule why S,[k iSt!;

that the Tr.ule which ukd to be dnvui thrrcjn \C,'X

directed to jieaife, that I might roniirm what the Author
relates, when he .igrcrs witli what I li.ivc heard Loniein-
in^; the .MTairs ol the Sea, the Kiiuvloms on the Loall,
and tiie State of the Countries ; and that I nnpjit add
niKin this I If.ul, what I have elfewhere tolledcd ccxHcrn-
iiig them, whuh is not to be found in this Book, i tinil it
was written in the Year of the HcRiia Cv^XXXVII. and
that the Account* the Author ;;ivcs in regartl to Thinj^s
at '^i:x, were in his Time wry tr.ie, and agreeable lo what
I liavc unili rflooci from Menhar,;*, who Irom Irak fuicd
through thole Se.is. I liiul alio, that all the Author writes
IS agreeable to Truth, excepting lomc few I'alfa^cs.

Sjvaking of the Cullom of letting; Meat bciote the
I)e.id, which he attributes to K\\t Qbinrft, he fa)s, v, "len
chcy have fervid up the Meat over Night, and liiui no-
thing in tlie Morning, they cry, Tlie Dceeakd hath eaten.
\\'e had Ixen told the lame, and Ivluved it, till we met
with a Man of undoubted Credit, who l>cii'.g afkt! con-
cerning this Ciiilom, he anl'wercd, that the Fact was not
fo, and that this Notion was groundlefs, as well as wiiat
is vulgarly laid of the idolatrous Nations, that they in-.a-
jjine their Idok freak to them.

He told U3 alfo, that lincc thofe Days the APuiirs of
Chiiui we.-i,r quite another I'acc ; and fince nuK'h is idated

Cumdan; and the l-miKn.r Icit this, lus rovjj S-.-
making a precipitate Ktiieat t.j the tiiy ol /;«,„.,„ '"'
the I'rontiers, towards the I'loviiue oi Tiia, " '

The Rebel, pulh- 1 up by tlule great SuccclTes a-J
|)crceivinR himfelt M.itler of the Countrus, fill uiv)':i tl..
other Cities, which he demoliOud, havin;;- firlHlip nicli
ot the Inhabitants, with a V'iiw, m this i:;iiir>-al BuiLr'
to involve .ill the fevcral Branches of the Roy.il Bine,!, I'-'J
nunc .mi;',ht fnrvivc to diljuite the Krnpire \mh Vji
\V'c li.id the News of thele Ki volutions ami ot thr;o;j
Ruin ol Ci- /«(.•, which Itill continues.

Thub were .'\Uaii: fituated,and the Rebel flocxluncor;:--!-
led liy any niladvanta;;e that tiii!;ht abalj his.Author.:;"*.
■; ;. At !all th.e bniperor of Cvifij wiote to t.'ic Kin^cf
Tti;(.t2^az m7uri:fJI(Vi, witli whom, belidcs the Ncarn;:,-
of his Dominions, he was, in linne I)er;rcf, ailv'd n
Marriage -, and, at the fame time, in.t an Kir.Kil;V ta

to Ihew the Reaion why the \'oyages to U'ln.i are inter- him, to implore his Allilbncr for re.liicinq tliis K''V
itiptcd, and how the Country has Uvn ruined, many -
tulloms aUililhed, and the I'.mpirc divided, I will lierc
declare the Cuiles I know of this Rtvolution '.

;?:. The j'reat Troubles winch have embroiled t!ie Af-
fairs of tins Impire, which have put a Stop t^i tlie Jullicc
and Kightcouliitls there to; merly praCtiled, and whicli
have in fine interrupted tiic ordinary N.ivigation tioin
i^iraffiQ China, flowed Irom this .Souae : An OHicer who
was confiderabic for his Ivmploymcnt, though lu.t ot the
Koyal l-'amily, revolted foij',etimc ago -, this Man's Name
WHS RauLu, and he began with committing H.jlliiuics in
the Country, marching ins Armies into many I'lacLS, t<j the
Rreat IxAs ol the Inhabitants, till, winning a I'arty over to
him by his Liberalities, he got together a Multitude of
Vagalxjnds and abandoned People, whom he formed into
a conlidcrable Btxiy of Troo])?.

His Army liw^ llrengtheiud, and himtelf in a Condi-

l 'pon tins, the K;ng of Ica^az^^r.z cdptwhcd hn .So:;, r.
the I lead if a very numerous Aimy, to ti;.^ht thi5 (.)•■
prelfor i and, after many H.itik«, and aliv.ull cu:, '.:;■..!
Skirmillies, iic utteily dife.itcd hiin. It was r. v.:
known what became ot the Rebel : Some hliivc he i.J
in B.irt!e, wiiile others thouijht he ended liii Days :.-, ::;-
other M.iniier.

Tlic l-'.mpcror of China returned tlien to Cvmin, arJ
alihMiigJi he was extremely we.ikened, and irii!ilidi;j;,':! J
N-i.iule ot the l\ml>e/./l( ment of his Trm!i:.'c?, a;;,: t.'ii:
\j.>\\ of liis Captains anil IkII ']'roc)ps, and bec.iui ci ii
the late Calamities, he ncverthelcl'i made hi.iifrif .M.;'''fr
ot all the Provinces wliich liad Ivcn conqurr-J !:cni
him. However, he never laid Handi onthcGcwiOi
his Subjects, but liiti-tied Inmfelf with what was y« Ir.'t ::i
his Colters, .ind the I'm.ill Keinauidirs ot piil'iiik .Mor.iy,
his Condition iniiilJH'nlably oliligrd hini to tAe i.p w.i.i

'"?", '" undertake .v v ihing, he dilcovered his IXIign of what his Sul iects would give him', ar.d to requirt not!. ;

fulxluing the l-.miiK, a:id mardicd Itiait to C<!»;/«, one '

cf the molt noted Cities m Cinu, and at that Time tlic

Foit for all the Jrdian Men liants. This City Hands iij>-

cin 3 great River lume ILys Dilfance trcim tiie l-.ntunce,

fo that the Water there li Irclh. Hut the Citi/i ns fliuttint;

thtir dates againd him, he uiulved to iKfiege the l'l.ue,'

and the Siege lalted. a grrat while. 'J'his wa'. tranfa-u-d

in the Year of the llegua CCLXU". and ot Chnll S77.

from them but Obedience to liis Mandates, foilxx";;io
lipieezc Money from them, k-caule ihe Kinij'vdcv.:. :-
liad exhaulkd tlu ni alreatiy.

Thus China became .ilir.nll like t!ie h mpire lif .;'
dcr alter t.'ir 1 )eleat and 1 )eath ot lh:riu. % fthen .^.
vided (lie Provinces he took from the rirfum air'x:';
Ii) many Chu ts, who erected fhrmfeiws mt-i ly n:; ,-'
Kings-, tor now cacii of thife Ciimfe IVincc ioii;?>i»:'

ritt Account hfrc- g,vfn by our .N.ithor, very plainly ^rov<■^ th.u !},c Tiide to CJ U.: wa^ trt..fu!o:ed in h- 'ImK- .i- <cr\ nictnt. -=i '■ ' '
V!^\ V",, "•"'""'• „'"'*"""''' ''"' *''■'!"•" af«ied the I'cacc o! tli.it Coun.v, v.i- l„o. .-d upon :.> a I ninft ,>l run.ni.Jn loncrrn loalltr.c N:' -|
I. L J , JV .' '■*"■; "'"■' ' ''''■"""'• *^ ''" "^'"''^ *'•»<• ""•'i;"^'^'i ■""■ '■ VV t... Htnii'l h.-.ve mlrc-Ica ih.u the .Att-.f ■ .a (./•,... '.e.. :o "•

r, k r, '. .' . , /'"■";''-"r "'"" '*""■ ■'■'"T "^ mrurriy >^c,^;h.<l. «h<. e.:i, d.^ubt tha «<• l>.d Rcal":i to ..Jv.i.ic it a.- a I IH ■■'■P
;, , ""• V"' '"">: '^''"= ""•• "" Lini ,.r, oiCL„a and the /..ti,, we,e m the molt iiourulung Coi;dintin. M well in point ft (orc.xnC>i»n.<--

» It u 1 very difficult lh,n^ t.. pretc.«l to fettle il,e Clrnrolog^. r,f i).f r«« . Itiiruc ; and tl.e vrrv Icarr.ed IJitoi o( the V Tn>r;<. tonrjB!-'
1^1"". M*^,'"" ^''.V-'"^'-".".'>' ■•^"■"^'" "' ''"> «'v..I..ti,..n. It lo f.aU out. h.Hcvct. ilui tathr. A U^U.. ,.m h,. li.ilcty of (.>»:-, I.*.'!'-'
I ''• ';'' "■•'W'd "■ \l fct Ihi. Mai.c, r:i.,l,t. ,„ „ |e.,il very rr..,ty ,.;yhl He inforni. us, l\M m the He:i;n ol I'.c Imjcr //, f.- .;^" ]
he e.^htcei.th U the Dv.ully „t A«,r. the -.ffain of a„u. (VM ,ni„ vr,v pf^t DiKtJcr, f.om tie hr.vv T:ut, i.ud up,., the l-coyk. ..:J ^ ^^;
J?" ":, '^^V ■ "/'"■■'"t", "^' V ^"■"- .^"^ ''■"""<= Number., .a (.,,,.. h..,.,xf ,ii.:t delltoyrj tl.cir Hjivvlii. W.V.If 1 h-r?- Wj "• '■■,;■
anon, there h.i.,<-ntd f,jer»l Htvoas m ine f.^vnuc.. v^h.ch nHm.,..j..ul a ctri.,in Kt! r!. whole .\..ite «u. IL^. -J,;.:, to lui w.iilcll ..il.tl' -
f. the N.alrtoMc.l-. »r,d lh..t u,'.:, (uchS.uctIs a. ,„ ,ln«e the i,„i,,-i>„ Inm the In-.; end City. lU uh^ch he nuJc i.:.Mr.t M^" ■ ^-'■'':]
Z.Vr ft' f,"^ "'r ■■'='l;fr"f '■■'l"='J It ...ul! iK -m,ed, th.,! liTie :• .bout tvveniv Ve..r. l>,lir..i.ice bctv-cr:, tl-.c luM >^^'^f'"-
, ,,lu' , I' ''' '■/■'•" "«*'-!"""". ^H«<:^ by l..iha ./^ //.,;,v. i ,!,d) rot i.:ke u^o■l nx u, df.-:de iw.cre tia .Mu;.iU- l.o, but ! '-■"
.,..itl.r Kradet^.l. |<,,|,,,c(.,n,ct),u.:o., ttrhn.e, m <.o,*l.di„g .hi- .o be ti.r Rt» Jutioti .ne.;i,u«d m liie 1 «t , , ,

In 111. i . .""■"'?"■"•'" ^"'■■•■A ' 'i.irrteni A.touri „| ,hc ]),» „u„, .,f ,hf I ,-„.,rc "I .AV,r„ „(,■,• the (.K-.it, imm ih.ni w/"^" ' V
>. nie c-,.., , a,., th.i thi- .N^t.vn ul llit.iv »ai «,ci'ia, ,.i,^.», (n.,n , .'.„i «t_-t x^.d il'v d.c- .Aulho. u! li.el.ni ii.ok la .1.'. J'". *""•

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tamna f'rAtrt.'H'i

,7i'Aff moAtu known ktry/mt

f'Uuwi/u/arT^J'tref/iH one t^'y.XthAy {t/tV.i t/T/uHH jAt>»myA,>n'Mif4fJi4ltu ore fi/acf^ K^ ''^•' ''"/''"

of the East Indies.

Chap. II* 'y '^-^^ ju- A 5 i 1 N D I E g. ^2 1

fomc other to wage War agalnft a third, without conlult- 36. The Chinefe coin no Money, bcfidc^ the littls
ing the Kmpcror » and when the flrongcft had fubdued Pieces of Copper, like thofc wc call I'aks, nor will they
the wrakcft, and was become Mafter ol his Province, allow Gold or Silver to be coined into Specie, like the
f..ii.. ^i....i».„i .-.i.i. c.L Dinars and Drams that arc current with us I Jor, (ay they,

if a Thief eoes, with an evil Intent, into the Houfe of

all was walled and unmercifully plundered, and the Sub-
icft-i of the vanquifhed Prince were unnaturally devoured,
a Cruelty allowed by the Laws of their Religion, which
even permit human Flclh to be exiiofed to Sale in the
publick Markets.

There arofc, as was natural from thcfc Confufions, ma.
ny unjuft Dealings with the Merchants who traded thi-
ther, which having gathered the Force of a Prcceilcnt,
there was no Grievance, no Treatment fo bad, but tiicy
cxiTcifcd ui^jn the Jrabs, and the Mailers of Ships \
they extorted from the Merchants what was uncuftomary,
they leize'l "P" ^^'^^ Effects, and behaved towards thcin
in a manner direftly oppofitc to ancient Ufagcs, and for
thcfe things has God puniJhed them, by withdrawing his
BiclTing from them in every Refpeft j and particu-
larly by caufing the Navigation to be forfakcn, and the
Merchants to return in Crouds to Siraf and Oman i agree-
able to the all-ruling Will of the Almighty Mailer,
wliofc Name be bleffed !

34. The Author in his Book notes fome Cuftoms and
Laws of tlie Cbittffe, but mentions not the Punifliments in-
fliftcd on mairicd Pcrfons, when convidlcd of Adultery t
this Crime as well as Homicide and Theft is puniflied
with Death, and they execute the Criminal in this Man-
ner i they bind both the Hands together, and then force
them backwards over the Head, till they reft upon the
Necki they then faftcn the Right-Foot to the Right-
Hand, and the Left-Foot to the Lcft-Hand, fo that both
Hinds and Feet are ftrongly bound iKhind the Back -, ami
thus bundled up, it is impolTible for the Criminal to ftir,
nor wants he any Boily to hold him. 'i'his Torture dif-
ioints the Neck, makes the Joints ft art out of their Soc-
W anil didocates the Thighs •, in fliort, the Patient is
in lb mifcrablc a Condition, that were he to continue there-
in but a few 1 lours there would be no need of any thing
clfc to make an End of him : But when they have bound
hitn as we have faid, they give him I'o many Strokes with
a Bamboo, which they always ufe upon the like Occafions,
and which alone were fufficient to kill the Criminal, and
leave off when he is at the very lall Gafp of Life, aban-
tluning the Botly to the People, who cat it*.

^5. Ih^re arc Women in China who refufc to marry,
ail! chiile rather to live a dilfolute Life of perpetual De-
bauchery. The Cuftom is for thcfe Women to prcient
thcmfdves in lull Auilicnce before the commanding Olfi-
ccr of the Garril'on in the City, and declare their Avcrfion
ij Marriage, and their Dcfire to enter into the State of pub-
lii-k Women ; they then dcfire to be rcgifter'd in the iillial
Form amongll thefc Proftitutes, and the Form is this ;
they write down the Name of the Woman, her Family,
tlie Number of her Jewels, the feveral Particulars of her
Attire, and the Place of her Alxxle -, thus Ihc is admitted
a publick Woman : After this, they put about her Neck a
String, at which hangs a Copper Ring with the King's
Signet, and deliver to her a Writing which certifies tlut
Ihc is received into the Lift of common Proftitutes, and
entitles her to a yearly Penfion of lb many Falus, to be
paid her out of the publick Treafury, and threatens with
Dtath the Pcrlbn who fliould take her to Wife. They
every Year give publick Notice ot what is to be obferved
I with regard to thofc Women, and turn out tliofc who
have worn out their Charms. In the Evening thefo
Women walk abroad in DrefTes of dilFercnt Colours,
j without any Veil, and proftitute themfelvcs to aM new
I Comers that love Debauchery •, but the Cbinefe themfelvcs
I fmd for them to their Houl'es, whence they depart not till
the next Morning '.

an jlrai, where is Gold and Silver Coin, he may carry off
ten thoufand Pieces of Gold, and almoft as many Pieces
of Silver, and not be much burdened therewith, and fo be
the Ruin of the Man who fliould fulFcr this Lofs : Where-
as, if a Thief has the latne Delign on the Houfe of a
Cbinefe Artificer, he cannot at moll take away above ten
thouland Falus, or Pieces of Copjwr, which do not make
above ten Meticals or Dinars of Gold. Thcfe Pieces ot
Copper are alloy'd with fumething of a different kind,
and arc of the Size of a Dram, or Piece of Silver called
Bagli J in the Mickllc they have a pretty large Hole to
ftring them by: A thoufand of them arc worth a Metical
of Gold, or a Dinar, and they ftring them by thoufands,
with a Knot between every hundred. All their Payments
in general, are made with this Money, whether they buy
or fell Lands, Furniture, Merchandize or any thing elfe.
There are fome of thefe Pieces at Siraf with Chiiuft Cha-
rafters upon them.

I need fay nothing as to the frequent Fires which Iiappen
in China, or the Cbinife manner of Building. The City
of Canfu is built in the manner he defcribes, that is, ot
Wood with Canes interwoven, juft like our Works of
Split-cane, they walh the whole over with a kind of Var-
nidi, whicli they make of Hemp-iced, and this becomes
as white as Milk •, fo that when the Walls are covered
therewith they have a wonderful Glofs. They have no
Stairs in their 1 Joufcs, nor do they build with different
Stories, but put every thing they have into Chcfts, which
run upon Wheels, and which in Cafe of Fire, they can
eafily draw from Place to Place without any Hindrance
from Stairs, and fo fave their things prcfcntly.

As for the inferior Officers in the Cities, they com-
monly have the Diredions of the Cuftoms ami the Keys
of the Treafury : Some of thcfe have been taken on the
Frontiers and callrated ; others of them have been cut by
their own Fathers, who have fent them as a Piefent to
the Emperor. Tliefe Officers are at the Head of the
principal Affairs of State, of the Emperor's private Affairs,
and of his Trcallircs -, and thofe particularly who are feni
to Canfu arc feledied fi om this Body '.

37. It is cullomary for them, as well as the Kings or
Governors of all the Cities, to appear abroad from time
to time, in fokmn Proceffion •, at fuch Times they arc

f)receded by Men, who carry great Pieces of Wood
ike thofe the Chriftians of the Levant ufcil inft>.ad of
Bells : The Noiie they make is heard a grt.at Way, and
as foon as it is heard no body ftands in the Koad ot the
Eunuch, or Prince : If a Man is at his Door, he goes
into his lloufe, and keeps his Door fliut till the Prince ok
Eunuch of the City is gone by ; fo no Soul is to be feen
in the Way ; ami this is enjoined, that they may be held
in the greater Veneration, and to ftrike a Dread, that the
People may not lee them often, and tliat they may not
grow fo familiar as to Ipeak to them.

The Eunuch, or Lieutenant, and the principal Officers,
wear very magniticcnt DiclUs of Silk, fo fine that none
of this Sort is brought into the Country fubjedt to the
Arabs, the Chinrp keep it up at fo high a Rate. One of
the chief Merchants, whofe Words cannot be called in
queftion, relates, that he waited on an Eunuch, whom the
Empror had fent to Canfu, in order to purchafe fome
things he wanted out of the Goods carried thither from
the Country of the Arabs ; and that upon his Brcaft he
perceived a ftiort Veil, which was under another filk Veft',
and which fecmed to be under two other Vefts of the

"Utfd theConqjca of the f^rj^ai Empire !.y AI-x«nJer the Oreat, adds the following remarkable Words, i Mneeab. i. <;, 6. " And after theljs
^ rhmp, l,c tell lick «nd perctivfd th.it he Ihould die. W hcrcforc lie called his Servants, luch as were honour.ible, and had been brouglu up witu
' h.m Iron, |,n Youth, and parted hu KingdonKiiiiong them, uhilc he was yet alive." . .

A) lurbaruu> as this Curtom may appear, and as li-cminely incoiililtent as it may be with the PoUtene fi of the ChinfC, yet it is very ccrtam, that our
*'JtKonare not the only Wiitcn. thatliavc inentiontd it, ai wiil .ippear hereafter, when we come to give the Reader the 1 ravels ol the tanious
""'" Pih. who allrrts the

viry l.ime tiling.

Ihiv Account of iIkIi publick Women is confirmed

- ...... ,, , firmed by a crc.it Xiimbcr of Writers ancient and modem, fothat there appf-^i^ '" l^'" "" ^''■''""*'"'

J*,"g'lie IriitKof iim()udli.)n. In the liilVny of ihf »«/./.- Knibany to the Einperorof C'vm, there is a I'rint ot im.'ot tlieu Ladies, a-, (he u

V !■ i;

■ l\i.

1 \W^

,.K. , '\V

^ ':^i!^

C'"J'U'lfd tlirnuith the City on an \f>. atcridcd by a I'crlon. who cies her Price, as he would do that of any other Commodity
■\ll ihdc l',(cb are attnlcd by I.itrr Writcis, lo that notwithilandii.g they I'cem at firft Sight ver>' tlrangc and improlK.ble,

l.frc

' ;;oc»l Kv.dei.tc foi them u Ut a'ly otlici I'acL ir. ;!ic Icvcr.nl Kcl.itions we have had of ilir Cuitonu and .Vl.r.i..

yet it unill be owii'd,
, of tlielc 1'r^j.li;.

fame

i'l!^

<•■>■

'iiH

I ■ . ■
( ■■

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• *

532 7'l)r Difcovcry, Sctllcmcnr, ar/i/ ComiiKrcc i^\,

fame kiiul J that thr Fumirh oblrrvinp hini to look ftrail- when he had hii Audience, the I'lni rror afke.! h
fjftiv ni-(in l>is BrtM<>. lau!, " I lee you k,r,, your F.ye-* (^ucdiunn about fh Hrah, and liiiiKuUlv J' T'
•' lixt'il ucnn my Sr')mach, what uuy W thr Mr.nnnj^ ol had dcHroyid tlie Knii.^i!om of the fetfiw, ti ?. '''
" It ?" 1 he Nf'erchant inimnliiifly rmd out, / ,m Jur- made Anfwcr, that they dtj it by the AillUnre t **'*
tri/*Jai Iht lUauiy ef lh«t hllle / -;//, u h, h tirp.:tf.< umltr an I kranlr the TrrA/d; were immetlrd m' Itlu!., '*^'
YtfMT tthiT CirmtHti. The l-iimu h lau|^h(d. m\^ held out rin^j thr Stars, the Sun and Moon, innead of «, n ' "^"'
'hi« .Shirt-nf(ve to him > CcHint, layi he, how many Vefti the true God, "wii'Pptng

I have aKive it ; He did fo, and toumed five, om* on ano-
ther \ and the Waiftroaf, or (liort Veil wat underneath.
'rhtle(iarnirnt>i are wove with raw Silk, which h.i* never
iKvn walhcd or lulled v and what n worn by the I'rinrei
or tiovemors i> ftill tnorc rich, and more otquifitely
wrought.

The C/'/'»ic/> furpaft all Nations in all Arr<, and prtiru- that he knew them not. Then (aid t!ip K^.^r^ ■ ■
larly in I'aiiitiiiR •, and thry jvrfnrm Inch \<r\Mi Work Interjirctcr, •• Tell him wc rftcfrn but live ^ml \ \'

To thi^ the I"mi>eror replied, thar thr ^ftA, |,.a
quered the moil .ifulh.ou, kinjviom of ,hc uh,M."?-
the beft cultivated, the moll o n.lnu. ,1, mo .J- '
ol line Wits aiul of the moft menfive ■'amr n ^/™
h.-. mat ^ccounl do th People m Y.«r iwi, mlt'^f
o,h.rKi.g, cf ,h Ecrib t To which the 1" *, 'i ' '

as Others can but la'titly imitate. Whrn an Artificer
h» rininii'd a line i'lrfe, he carries if fo the I'rinrc's Fa-
late to drirand the K'-waal he thinks hr di f-rvcs for the
Beauty ol hi* I'erlornMnce \ and the C uftom is, for the
I'rlnce to otilcr him to leave his Work at the Palace gate,
^vlicrr it lUncK a whole Year ; if, during that Time, no
Pcilbn limfs a I'ault therein, the Artificer is rewnrdrd,
and avhnitud into the IVnly ot Artills -, but if t!ie Iraft
laiilt be found, it U rejected, and the Workman fent away
empty.

It liapi^tned once, as the Story pocs, that one of theic
Faintris dri w an Fjr of Corn, with a Bird perched on it,
u|x>ii a Ficic of Silk •, and his Performanr- was fo .admi-
rable, that ai, who Ivhcid it were allonilhed. This Piece
lttM)d e)(|K>li'ii to publick X'iew, till one Day a <Tf)oked
1 rilow palf.n'; by the Palace, found fault with the Pif'hm-,
an*.', was irrn d lately conduced to the I'rincc orCiovir-
nor ot :he City, who at the (ai c Time frnt for the Pain-
ter. Thrn hr alVtd this crooked Fellow, what Fault he
had to find with this Piece ; 'o which hr anlwcred,
" I'.vrry U>('y knows that a Rr ever fettles njx)n an Fjr
" of Corn Init it Iki is under i ; i , whereas this Painter
" has nprelinted 1.' Fjr bolt upriphf, though he has
•' perched a Bird ui-)n it j fhi> is the F.uilt I have to
*• liiul " The Objection was htltl juft, .and the Prince
bcrtowtd no Riward "jKin the Artilh Thry pretend by

cite till It Workmen to

wholi
•' Irak,
*' riwindC'

"•i;''. that/,.

c Kingdom i, o w.deft Kxtent, is tS.M Ji
.for f.^ Mn th. mKlft o« the World. ^df,f
lied by the Inritone.ofotherKines; l\lZ,\

their Sovcrei.-n, than tiie People of th,s tuuim' ' '
therefore in this r(f|yd, ;.re the Ki.-gs of ,h/b,
K.ice 1 attcr us the King of the lurk;,, whofcKwd

" a People under thr Sun more duiii;Va7ill\imii;f'J;

f.u;na

borders Ujion us and hiin wr call the King oiTr
" Next IS iht Kiiu!; ot t'le l'.kplu;it>., wl,o is tiV K wrf
•' the InMfi, whom wr .alio (ail the Km - ol \Vii(W
•' hraufr hedrrivrs hi< Origin Irum iIk' ,Wm„ IQ
" lalf ol all t!u King ol GVme, ulioni we ft:k th- K,,,
" of Mm i lor uj^on the Fare of the F.irti, thcr.-a'cra
" Men ot letter M.inneri, nor of tomlirr Prdna thn
" his Subirrts. 1 hclc, aildrd he, are the nU\ il|„feou)
•* ol all Kings, nor an others to compare with thtm"

Then faid ElnlfiiL:'t,\K or.li-red the Intfrpritertoaili
me, •' H I knew my Malhr .ind my Lord, mraning t.^t
" Prophet [Mciammtd,) and if I .had lecn kim?" lira,!-
Anfwcr, •♦ How fliould I have tcci jum who k w\
•' r.o<l'" Ilereplird, " That is not what I n.m, hi^
•' you, sshat fort of a Man he was in liii; I'crlunr" I it.
this, .ind fmh other .Means, to excite tlnit Workmen ti) " plird, that hr was V( ry haiuliome." Tlicnhcall.-Jla
Pcrln'tion, by en!:agin<', thnn to be extr -I'dy nice and a |',reat Box. and (.{xnmg it. he lookout .mother eonwJ
ciriunl";Hi;i in wlut tluy undertake, and to apply their th'rrin, which he fct befure hnn. am! uui totli; hit-
whole dcmus to what is to go out of their I lands r. prctcr, '* fliew hnn nis Malbr aiul his Lordi"3.Td|
■\%. There was f rmerly a Man of the Tri!>e of A rkiflb, taw in the Box, the Im.ig- of the I'roplietj , «htM:l
whole Name was I In H'aluih, i;< liendrd of fiff'nr the ' ' ' . . . ' .
Son of jII JjH.I, a. 1 he dwelt at B.tfr.t ; tins Man Ktt
Bajra when that City wis f.uk'd, .ind came ro Sir.if,
wljcn he law a S!iip ready to liiil tor Clma. The Ma-
inour took him to [,') on board of t' .% Ship, and in her
he went to China, where in the S«]ur I he had thr Ciino-

movfvl my Lip, jiraynig to niyteii in 1 lu.iwir f-f th:.
MLHiory.

The I'^mperor liid not imagine I flvnild know t'lini
again, and faid to the Interpni-r, " ^\\ him *!■.;■ he
" moves h,s I.ips ?" I anfwcrcd, •' I w.m pvng vx

*' Mi-nioty of ihe Prophets ." Hcv do r^» knrs tim,
fity to travel to the Fm}>eior's Court ; and Irani:;; C<j«/^rf, laid the F.m}Kr5r ? I replied, tlut I km'w them by tlii

Keprfl"rnt.uion of their llillurirs ; " There, lid I, i)
" Scab \n the Ark, who was laved with tiioic;; it »•«
'* witli him at the Unie lime," ami I m.i.ic theulul
Salute to Nciib and his Company. Then the 1 mpcw
Uiighed, and (!ud, " Thou art not niilUk;n in vx NiiK
«» of Noab, and thou hall nanu d hini rigl.t ; hut as fcriii;
" univerfal IXli.j^e, it is what we know not. Itir«,
" indeed, that a Flood lovcrcd Part of the Part.'utxit
" it reached not our Country, nor even tin- Mi;." 1

he reached Cumdam, alter a Journey of two Montlis , he
ftaid A long time at thr Fmperor's Court, and j)rrlented
f.veial Petitions I wherein he fignitied that h<- w.is of the
Family if tlu- Prophet of the /jr.;/v. Having wa:!ed a
eonl'idcrable while, the Fmi>eror at laft ordered him to be
Kxlged in a 1 loufc ap|x)inted for him, and to be fupplied
with every Thing he wanted. This done, the F.mperor
wrote to thr ( lovrrnor of dw/w, (omnunding him care-
Juliy to inform himfrlf among the M'rc!:ants comcrning

the Relation this Man pr< tended to U-ar to the Prophet of rnade :ny Anfwcr to this, and endeavoured torrmov(ti:!
the .Irati ; and the (ms-ernor, by his Anfwcrs, conlirming Objeclions the btil I could -, x\d then f.iid ,if;ain to him,
the Truth of what he hail faid, touching his F.xtraiflion, •• There i.s Mofes with his R(hI, and theC'li;iJrcn of/'-
the Frnjieror gave him Audience, and made him rich «' rael." I Ic agreed with me, .as to the rnull Fxtern ot
PrelVnts, V. hrrrwith he returned to Iroik. their Country, and the Manner how ti anrar.t Inlubi-

This Man, when we law him, was much advanced in untv were dellroycd by Mej'cs. I then laid to hi.ii ;" H?
Years, but had his Senfcs jicrfe^ly, and told us, that »' there, is Jisus, iijxjn an Als, and here arc his ApoAw

• Thfrr » nofhinp wry furprifing in ihu Account, for tht very f»rre Method lad bwn in \j(e tmone the Grtil, lonp, btfirf, nrJ hi- b<»n fj!(t
Fn<i.(ril n /„/, .n,i rifcwhtrc ; and w.thi.ui doubt, it ii the true .Method cf coming at iht iJll Kiiowkdw of the Value ol lucii Pr iornaw- • »*
Ihfiff.rt luniflhin;! , I ihi. fort ii annuilly |<ra:iilrd .-It /'a.,, o > ^

» It lcrm« a ItttI* tlr»nRe. that the Itanwd /fW, RnMj>i did ml erdeavour to fettir Ihe Time »hrn this .Irak.i-, Travrlitr unit lo CrM.t*

Chap. II. of t/je E AS T I f^ D I h s. 533

.. will) him." Mr, fanhhf EmiHror, wm hU long upon F.yw » tliat I fluniM foon depart For my own Country anj

.' Ejrtb, fHiHg that „U be JiU was Iranfratd wilhii, the- Kingdom ..( my Coufin. and that I wotild miL- s

.' ib( Spjit of Jmn^Ut litttr than ibiriy MoMbi." | ..thtui Rq.ort of wlut I had ken of the M lunificence of

Aftftthii the Ekn ft ubab law the Hiftonei of the tLtKnipirc ota/W.and the v.ill Extent ot the Provinces it

ether Proi)hff« prrlental la the fame Manner we have contains, and ;liat I would make a gratctui AlIm - wlcdtt-

alrrady dcJarcil \ and he fan( icd that what wai written in mcnt of tlic kind Ufagc I tlieie met with, wlii. h f cmcd

great Charafter^, under cuch Figure, might be the Name* ■ - • ...
of the I'rojihcts the Countrio whence they were, and the
Siibji/ls ot their Prophecies. Then faid the fame Ehi

lyahd, I f^iw till' Inuge o( Mohammed riiling upon a Ca
mil, and his Companions alxiut him on their CamcN,
with Shoes i)U\\t Aral/ian Mode on their I'cct, and ieathirri
Girillis about their Ixjins. At this I wept, and the Ivin-
ncrur coMimanded the Interpreter to a(k me, why I wept ?
1 .uii'«ired, "Ihift is our Propbtt and our Lord, tubo ;r
c'.fif) Coufin. He (mi I w.»s right, and added, that he
inJ liis IViiiiIc, had lulxlued the fineft ui all Kingdoms i
but that lie had not the Satisfa(ftion ol enjoying hii Con-
awdh, though liis Sucienbrs had.

I atttrw.iu's law a great Number of other Prophets,
f„nii; of them ftrctchinf^ forth tin ir Right-hand, and
with il.ir three I Jig.'rs dent liown JKtwern the Thumb
aiiu thi iHire-rnip.cr, jull hkc thofe wluihold up the Haiid
tu imkt luth i others were Handing, and [lointcd to liic
lliavnii with their I'iiiL'jer, and otliers were in dilierent

to p'eafc him very much. He then made mc rxU I'p:-
fents, ^nd ordered tliat I ftiouid lie conducted to Cnn/u
upon PolMiorfes, 1 Ic wrote alio to the (iovernor of rhc
City, commanding him to tre.it me with murli Honour, and
to tiinifli mc witli tiie like Kecommendations to the other
(Jovernors of the Provinces, that they might entertain me
till tlic Time of my Departure. I was thus treateii every
where during my Stay, plc.nifully fuppli.d with ail Nc-
('•(I'lries of 1-ife, and honoured with many Prefents till
the Tiiii' of my Departu.e fi<'ni China.

42. W e aik<d Eln H'tibub many C^icftio,-,3 concerning
the City of Ciim.itUi, whire the Empcji ke(|is hiS f ourt }
he told us that the C iry was very large and extreim ly po-
pulous, th.1t It was ilivhid into two Parts by a very long
and Very broad Street -, that the J'.inperor, his chi- f Mini-
IVers the Soldiery, the fuprcme Julge, the Eunuehu, and
all belonj'.ing to the Imperial 1 f nifluild lived in rliaC
P.ut of tlic City which is on the Kight-haml eallward, that
the People h.id no manner of Communication with tlini >

I'ulhin-'. 'lilt Interpreter took them to be the Figures of and that tluy were notailmitted into thcPlaec s watcrett l.y
their I'roplietr, and thole of the Indtans. The I''.mi«r)r Canals from dilllrcnt Rivers, the Borders of which were

then .ilkid nv many Qiieftions toncerning the Klulitl's,
tluir11l11.1l Prefs, .'.nil loncerning many Preecpts and In-
lunitiuiib of the Mclummedan Religion, and I anfwered
hiin the bfft I eoulil.
41. Alter t! ■■, he fald, *' What is your Opinion con-

tilantcd with Trees, ,ind adorned with magnificent Pa-
laces, The Part on the Left-hand wellward, is inhab-ired
by the ordinary People and the Merchants, where arc alfo
gre.at Squares, and Markets for all the Ncceflaries of Life.
At Break of Day, the Officers of the King's 1 loufliold.

I.on

" ecrning the Age of the World ?" I made Anfwer, that with the inferior Servants, the Puiveyors, and the DO'
Opinions vai icd upon th.U head i that lonie were lor fix melticks of the Grandees of the Court, come Ibme on

Foot, others on Horlcbick, into that Divifion of the City,
wiiere arc the pubi.ek Markets, and the Habitations ot I'uch
as deal in all Sorts of Goods, where they buy whatever
they want, and return not again to the lame Place till
their Occafions tall them tbither next Morning. It is by
the ftme Traveller related, that this City has a very plea-
fant Situation in the Midfl of a mod fcrtle Soil, w.itercd
by fcveral Rivers, hardly detieient in any thing except
Palm-trees, which grow not there.

43. In our times Difcovery has been made of a thing
qiiite new and unknown to thul'e who lived before us. Nu
body imajVir.'d th.it the great Sea, which extends from the
Indies to Cuina, had any Communication with the Stj of
Syria, nor could any one apprehend the I'ollibility of any
fueli thing. Now behold what has come to pal's in our
Days, according to what we have heard. In the Sea of

thcuf.iiul Years, and others would n -t al!o>v fo many -, and
that utliff! rukoned it at a Hill higher Rate •, bui that it
was at Icaft, as old as I had faid. At this the l-'m-
p^ir an 1 his firft Mirill r, who was near him, broke
IaiM',lutr, and the Fmperor made many Obj. e-
wliatl had advanced. At lall, laid he, "What

red

him tknt be did.

Hereujion I obfervcd I had llif^<iea^ell iiim, and his Dif-
pkafiire appeared plainly in his Countenance. Then he or-
litred the Interputer to I'peak to me in the following
Terins. " Take heed of what you fay, for Kings never
" I'pcnk but to Ik" informed of the Truth (f what they
" would know. What did you mean by giving the Fm-
" peior to underlland, that there are among you various

"lie. your Proi^het ttach upon this Subjcift 5 does
" lay as you do ? My Memory tailed me, and I alVun

" Opinions concerning the Age of the Wcrld ? If lo it Rum, or the Medttemmean, they found the Wreikof an

" he! you arc alfo divided u; <n the Things your Prophet
" has laid at the fame Time that no Diverlity of Oi)i-
" nions arc to be admitted on what the Prophets have pro-
" nounecd, all which murt be revered as lure and inliilli-
" ble ; take heed then how you talk at liich a Rate
•* any more '."

To this he fubjoined m.i ly otlier Things, whicii, thro'
I. n^th of I'ime, h.ave elcapcd my Remembrance. At
Ij:1 he ,a(ked me 1 " How is it that thou haft forfaken thy
" King, to whom thou art nearer, not only by the Place
" ijf thy abode, but by Blootl alio, than thou art to us ?"

/irabian Ship, which had been Ihattered by Tempeth ; for
all her Men perilhing;, and fhc being dalhed to Pieces by
the Waves the Remains of her were driven by Wind and
Weather into tlu Sea of Cbozars, and from thence to the
Canal of the Mediterranean Sea, and ac laft were thrown
on the Shore of Syria ".

Tliis renders it evident, th.at the Sea furrounds all the
Country of China and Cila, or Sila, the uttermolt Parts
ot Turke/ian, and the Country ot the Chozars ; anil that
then it enters at the Sireight till it wafhcs the Shore oi' Syria.
The Proof of tliib is deduced from the Conftitution of the

In Return to which, I informed him of ihc Revolutions Shipwearefpeakingof; for none but theShips oi' Siraff Are

*liicli had happened at Bajfora, and how I came toSiiaf,
wliere I fiw a Ship ready to fail forC/t/w.i •, and that having
h'-ard of tlie (ilory of his F.mpire, and it-. Abund.ince in
a'l NeeelliiriesCuriolity excited me to a Defirc of coming
i'lto his Country, that I mijjht behold it with mine own

fo put together, that the Planks .ii c not nailed or bolted, but
joined together in an extraordinary manner, as if they were
Vcwn. Whereas the Planking of all Ships of the Alediter-
r.inean Sea, and of the Coart of Syria, are nailed, and noC
joined together in that Way '.

' Thii pLiiily llicwj, line the Ctinr// were lornitrly well acquainlc.l with the Hillory of other Njtions, and aflbrJs lu good Grounds to believe
tint their Ruords mull hive been dellro/ej 111 lujiic luljicquciu Revolu.ion ; for, othcrwife, it is impoflible U account for their Ignorance in Mat-
ten of tiri Suture in fucoieding rimei. .

' This i. one ot the moll curious I'alTages in this Treaiife, inafniu.h as it plainly proves, that the AraHans had ihe&me Notions m Gengrapliy
» ih the (;-/,;,, i.r, to Ipeak w.-h gie.iier I'lopiiei), lud tht-ir Notion^ rf tieogr.iphy Iroin them. Out Author, (ays plainly, that, according to hu
J-'ijrneiii, the In.U.f: C)<iean » ,iiii>i the C'ojlt ol Cnui i.vtan, and lo fill into the Cnffiaii-f^tn, tiy which rall'ige, he Uippofcs, that this bl';p WJI
wrutn frnni the In.l.^^i-Sia Into the MtJitirtjnr.v:. The Cotjeoiuti; svj; wrong ; but there is Hill luiiiething in it very bold, .,iid wcli iiivig ned, and
i-.iht Boe.rm fometliirig of Truth loo ; lor though it v..u itnpullible that this Ship Ihould come into the MtJ.urranean ill ihe Maimer our Autlu). iiiia-
g«>", yet It ;j not mipcirible l>ut it might have tome through the North-call i'alfagc, agreeable to the lirll Part of his Suppolition i and if by the ioa
of "-narj, we underlland that rfjlfi;,.:-.'!-. he would be quite right. ^ i , ■■ r ■

' 1 very much doubt, whether tlie CoidUu,- ,u 1 otthii XciTel.as our Author defcribes it, be fullicieiit Evidence of its coming from tlic h,.iti. It is
"7 pollible, that it might hu-c been » B>L.t belongn .• to the Inhabitants ot (Jrrtnl.uid, or of loiiie otii'i Country bordering upon U:i,!jof:'i-luiy ;
■•«e. It h viiy certain, that tiicrc .iic luch '. iiitK in i - c I'ait-, and it i> not at all iinpoirible lh.,t this niunt li.ive come frcin thence. I lio r.ot pre-
'fiiJ, however, abloluiely to contradict him. but only .^ llnw liiat the Argument lie ult. i:. not coiiduiive, though I think, as '1 hings then iVjod, he
^■ii fuff.civnt (ituiinds to bcl-tve it wis ccncli.lise. ,. ,

N'l-Mii. XXXVII. i U ^><

!:l|]

(I 1: ■lv'(

nm.

^•i rl

' ^ vy.

7hi' nifco\crv, Settlement, ami Commerce

i-i

% •

fi.

*!■■

Bookl.

A.nUi l^ Jourul ; Aiul l^iauU (haI Iu^ Ji.t .i StiMritliMi nty wuli thun H. have rn>^i,al a lonn wliilc, 4n,| ^^.

briwetn iIkIc S<.is it ihi^ Story k- Criic, it iiiuU nuc lla iluu nuiliiiilitvl the Nun.lxr ol tholt Ingoti mvcn iwiv"!

rily luvr Ivrii, tlul ilii» An.l»r w« ilrivin lull Iron* the their IV«ili. "* ''«

Mi.i'i-Sti$ into ihi «'ilitm aiul lo tri.m the one to the other, 4O Iluir anu. nt Hiftory rrUtr,, ||,.it onrof thf Kin?

II «( UH »4nM- inc.. till- St4 ol Syria ". «'' /^'W-r W..11KI have v^4|•.\! War «ii|| h,,,, ,„ ,j,„ j, "'

44. We will now lTj;in ty Ijx-A of the I'ri»\inic of This Cnintiv i.l Ktwsr " the Utiu Ir.mi *hcntctl,iyUi/B
ZafAgt, whuh II (H>|<.litc til LbiHU, 4iul liilbnl ti<tn> the W (kkI-Ajoci talkit Uud ,ii Kcm.iri, nor ii liurc J
ihcoic a lull M.i.i!i» Sail by S,*, or Mi, il tlio W nul KinK-loin nx.re iK.|Hil..u.Mn pro|)oition tlun tiat.l A«jr
be lur. Ihe Kmn ol tin* Country i» ilil<il Mfh.igf, I he liilut itants are all v.ry unuapi.ni,, jn>l the l,,uu'lcii
and they lay hm l)oiiimion\ atr mm hunilrnl Lx-aj;uf* Lommerce with Woimn, tnA i\nVk,,\ Wmc jrr ior
int. irrumtL-rcnic, aiul that ihu K nj; 1 M.ilUr ot many huMin anumg them i nor haVc ihry try \\,nc m 1,^,
lllanJs *lmh he nmn.ialHiUt. 'I In >alt(iHHhit il.i. kin^- C.mntry. Iliis KinnJom v.is at iVju *iili iluiol i'j-'iv
dom II Mvvc a iJ.oulluul I.ra^;(K* mi I xu m -, 4lmMl^ th-.u- whr te r.^/i nl chc Miir.ij^e. Ij,, y mv iIivkW Iroin'f^!,'
Illa/iili th r.' II out tailed ServiZ^t, vkliivli is laul t.. |v (our other by a I'allanc .,t ten or twenty Day* Sjil, »ii||,v,™
hun.(reil l<-«g\it$ in Cinuit i ami anothir callal R.iimi, »aly tiale. 'IKey lay, that in (.itn; r Day. (h.n- »i,,
whuh uritiht lumilrcd L-r4}',uo in C«>m^).■^^s an.! i)uk1uv«j very young ami hi^hl|'itiud I'nnrc mthhiil.m I ij1A(«.t
Redwo«K!, Caiiv,>hirr, and man) oth<r LoiuiiUHlitits. In 1 lib Kin^ *as one Day in liii I'alace, *lii,|i UkM%ni
thii laiiie Kingilom i» the I land ot tWi, whn li » the nml R^ct lutMli liKt tlic t.Hfhr.iui at tin l.ntrjrc, jr.d'tutj
i'aliaur Uiwcrii C"i/*-' and the Country ol the Araif. I'ayS J. unuy Jrom chr Sea » liis punic Mii.alm ,.,.

■Jim Iiland, they lay, i* Imnkort 1 xa^K >. in C'iri.um- vx;th him, and in tlir Uiliuurlc tliey li.ul fooulicr, roi«

fercntr i and liulkr thty bring all lorts ot NUi(h4n.li/.i-, N^.i-s taken ot tlit- kmndoin ol the AUiniit, aiklit.(,|o«

Wo«xl-Ali<s o» Ifvir4l loiH, Catiiplnre, SanJal Wwk!, how will it ^»s inoplid and tuiiivattd, and tf,ctri,uj(,:

Ivory, the Wood lalkd C4bahi, llmny, Kaiwinxl, all lllandi >s|i»th ilnnnilal ilnnuixjn,
foriiot S;ix., anil many oilwrtl.inps iiAJUiiuHi' t')cnunic- "Ihin laid fhi King ot ^'Wi''.- to hin MinilltT, I in

ratr. At preUnt the lommrue n laiiud on Uiwten thi% l<i/(d with a Ddiif vsnich i larmllly wiOi lo la jucx
Iiland and that o» Oiuju. 1 he A/JfiU'r is the Suvirri^n
over all thrit' ll]and< \ and dial in whiih Ik niako lii%
AIxkJc 1% extremely firtiie, and lo very |x)| 11 uu , ihat the
Tow'^ alnioll iroud one u) mi aiiothei. A i'ctlintot great

I'robity ftiates that when thi C'»ks truw at their auul- ol /<tpagt. 'l lie Mimlln, wdl .i\urrit >^as Jcaluui/tili:

tomid I lours jull as witii Ui wliui it rooll, ui'on 'In;*, inlinrcd him with this im|»tu^us I uiy, njoinn'.M) W,

tiuy anlwir each other a hundred laa^',uc» round, and I wilh you woiiKiniitdillurliyiaii Mind «n;iiiicirit,i.u(;l,n,

more, Ixraulc ot the I'liAiii.ity ol the VilJjuci whuh lime nothing ever till out bet wren thlc Koi'lc anno jtj

■Imoll Kiuih lath othei \ aiul lie mW.\ tkit no part "f it (iirnilli Matter ot Complaint, tliiy ncvir utiindti! w tj

is uninhatnted, nor any lil iii l-and luituitivatid. I hole W'oid or IX-ed, or ever did us the kJl Ir.iury ; kfij^i,
who travel in tins Country nuy llop at every Step, and
find Shelter from the Ikam:, ot ihc NiKin-iiay Sun -, inA il
they arc tirtil, th-y may reptile ilitmlelvtj every Uay at
Noon, c,(i wlni.h way liicy wiil.

45. Yit what toilows tiom the Teftimony of fcveral
I'crlons 1.S, the mull rcinaikallt 1'aitit.iiiar we have heard
toncerning the I'.'and ol 'Aapiiif. 1 here was tormi riy 4

piiilitd. I 111 MinilKr, who w.i* a swk aril 4 v.<\^;,\
M4n, and no Stiangu to the Ixvity ol Ins MaiUr, jj
(weitd. My lAJid, what i» yoiit iVIiie? 1 louj wi,
irphed tiic King, to lie in a Uilh tlic I lea I ol the A/irj-

ihey are divided from ui, and have 10 manna ut tcra.
muniiution with our Country, nor du thry i!,uviriff
liiilination ol m.ikin}.- 4 ComiurlUjI this kirgi.;o.ii. Nj
one thai,tore ouj^ht to iKaikeii to liidi Dikia.rlf, uriTijis
a Word ol Aniwcr uj on thu Head. 1 lie King wucr-
ra^eil at this Reply, and laid not a Word thinto, ft;
withi'Ut any Uegaid had to the gocKl Advice cf U tin';

King, or, as lie is tlitre called, Matt^t: i lis I'alarr is lUU to Mn ilbr, he opened the lame thin;; to llic prinn[)il(fen

ol Stall, and tolui'h ol Ins Courtitu as he thiXight p'^jxr.
4~. This Matter iKing ruiuound alxjui, a! ic^th
nailiev! tlic I'-irs ol the MthrJ^t. lie, wliothciir;;'.td,
w.« a *ili- and an active I'mue, ol coiillimmaic hjii.-
ciuc, and m the Mowir ol his Age. He ailed /u hii
lirll Miiiillcr, and havin[; aiquainteil li.m wi:!i «.iJt l^f

be Ictn on a Kivcr a^ bmad as the 1 y^^iis at li.ij^.tiiJ, or at

Bejfiirj. I'hi- Sea inr-tcepts t!ic Ci.i'rtr ot its \S atir>, and

tlrivu thini t>a(k .i^aiu w:ih the M>uil ^ and during the

LMi, It ltre.uii» uul lulh Water a gooil way into the Sea.

1 his Kiver it let into a Im.ill I'oiul iloir to the King's

i'aiare, anil ivcry Morni;ig the Ollien, wlio has charge

of Ins Houfliold, brings an Ingot ol Gold wnnight in a had heard, laid to him, it is by no iiu aj:s projtr to p^b.-i

particular nianni r, winih is thrown into the I'mul in the llir lidiavii.ur ot tins guldy I'lince, or t^i hctuy ho* i:id«

Pitlinie ol the King. I'lit 1 uic iifing, Lovers it with the wiellt<iiiliiiii,l)Ci-4uti. ot his Youth 411J fiinJirtil'^rcrcei

relt, and quite toi.ctals them liom Sight. But low Water nor is ii exjxdicnt to divulge \sliat he laiJ againll mtit-r

dilcov^rs tium, aiul iluy .p[Kar plain by the ll«aiiis ol U\c Inch Spetthrs raiinot but Ix- pri|Udiiial to the D;i;i:;)'d

Sun. The K.ng comes to vkw them as otien as 111- rejiaiM

to an A|.aitn.eiit ot State, winch looks ii|)oa tins I'oiid.

This Cultom IS viiy llrupuloully oblirved j and thus they

every Day throw an lugwt ol dold luto this I'oiid as long

as the King hvis, not louihiiig ihciii ujajii any Account,

but I. g.iruirg this as a Ucred 1 rcalure.

Whin the Kiig dies his Sue ( ellor (aufes thfiii all to
be taken <)Ut, and not one ol tliem ii cvrr milling. Tiny
count them, and melt them down 1 and this done, the

Sums ariling out of this gnat (.Jijantiiy ol (iold are dirtri- --^ - - .-, .. .

butcd to thofi- of the Royal Huijl^old, Men, Women, and each ol thofc Kings prepared fur the Kucptiunil W
Children, to the fupcrior .md interior Odicers, each m pro- Mthra^e.

a King. Hav:iig thus cn)oii.id his Mmilirr to rwil
what had pailtil Ijetwecn them, he comtiumy l^ »
prepare a ihouTand Slnps ol no extiaonliiiary Siw, i-uH
etjuip them with all things necellai-y, Arms and .Aii::'.e'
tion, and to man them with ai many ol liis bell forcua
chey could tr.inlp<jrt. I'hen he gave our, thathc»Kii
make a Voyage iliroogh the neighbouring; libndsuni!t;li3
Dominion, todivcit Inmlell. lb- wrote iiilutu all the tr.^'
tary I'rinces ol thole Iflands to acijuaint ihim, i!a! '^
deligned them a \ ilit ; and this being a pubiick !»•

ciiap. ir.

( '

cf the E\^'T I N n r E g.

535

Wlirn fvrry ThinR •*« in renilincfi m ht hid orilcre.l,

he wiiit tin B<mril hn Shi|n, And »iih a (mwirtul Army
tiikil iiyrr Mtlu" Kingdom ot Kom,ir. I'lir Kiii^and tlwile
IxIdniV'H', •" '"• ^'""f *<^'' <ticfnin.itf C'lrihirrs, wlio
jlltlic D.iylonK''"' "«'«liiiiK ''"' "'i* «'"■'" Kit", and riif)
ihtir I'l'tli Willi Mirrott and I'cjOthjiicki in tlirir Hand»,
w it tliry nii'VftI, h4d th<ii> orriid Mt(*■ W**-* '>• ''"■ '^"'K "• A'flw./r, 4iid till he
h.icl Undid 111! 'Irtiow, who immrdutrly invcllcd the Ca-
pital, »"'! ''"'f "'"'* '"'"• "^*' '^"'!' ^■''' '"'*^'> I" '"'»
PlU*'', im-l •>" '''■" 'tlonRi d ro liim Hid wulioiit Hglumj;.
'Ihtn die jVAifJi;^ rallied I'riKl.iniation to be iii.ulr,
,),!, !,(.• graiitid entire &curiiy ot l.de and I'.rtlds to all
ihr InJulMtinis ol the Country, and li iting himlilt on
the 1 hronc ol the Kinnol A'»»w<iriK)w ii Captive, ho or-
(Irrui iiMH to Ik- !<riiii|',ht into Ins riilriKf, tcg'tncr with
hrt liilt Miiiillrr. I liin ail.lrtllmp; hmilell to the Kinj;
of K«wiJr, lie r.iid, Who w.i'i It lillc d your I lead with .i
Prcijid iiiKiiiial to yiiiir Sireni^th, and ahluhiti ly inipoHililo
fur you totomi'd!.? What would you have done it you
had Kaimd your Point ? 1 hii I'lincc who had notiuny to
fay lor hiniltlt, made no Anlwer. Then, continued the
Mihrj^e, it yi'U had tnioycd tlie Pltalurc you willicd, ot
iiiiii^; niy Head in a Dilh lulnre you, you would have
IJMjilnl iny Kingdom, and niained it alter you had t<>m>
iiiittcd all Ions ot Violenre. I will not to behave with
Rrgaril to you, but yet I will exiiuf upon you what you
wilhcd ciinrcrning nie, nnd then will 1 return into my
Kinpiioni, without touehinj; any Ihing in your l)omi-
nums and without carryini; away ought ot jjreat Value
or I'ni.ill, ileliious only tliat you may Iw rn orded an I'.x
amiilc, lor the InlhiiCtion ot tholi- who Ihall coiiic alter
yijii, tlut noiit" may exceed the IJfiuiids ot his I'ower, that
fjili may U- contenteu with his own, and that tliofe you
luvi- dilUirUd may Iv reltoiul to pertejt Seeunty ».

Tins laid, he orvlereii tlum to lirikc oH' lir. I lead, and
tlnnti rn.nj; to the MinilliT he I'.iid, Vou liavc done all a
pwxi Mmiller eould do , I know you odered giHjd AiIvkc
tuymir Miller, arnHhat he lieatkuiid not umo you. C'on-
fiArwho may l»il fucceed this l-ool tur the (loml ot the
hri;;>loni, ami tit hiin irniiudiafly u[>i)n the T'hiun •. This
ilniie, the Mdriige departed tor Ins own I'crritones,
an.l neither ilid he or any ol his, lay Hands on the lealt
'Ihi'c; in tluKiii^^dom ot Kmitr. When he arrived in
I !s own Kingdom, he fat down upnn the 'I'liroiu', and
Iv I'lf; in the I'alaiT which looked upon the Pond brtore-
iiKit.uncd, he rauled the Head ot the Kinj; ot Komtir
tobc put into a Hat'on and let Ik tore him, and callinj; in
llielluet's ot his Kinpjdom, lie acquainted them with all he
h.ulcl'inf, and with tlu' Keafons which had induced him to
the l-'x; ev'.ition we have related, and they approved the
l\«l w.th AeehimatioiK ,\nA Prayers tor liis I'rofperity.
Tln.T lie ordeied tlir Head ct the King of Komar to be
w.i:1iuland (mb.ilmed, and put it into a ColVer, and lent
it luck to the KiiiL^ of Kcmar, who had been eledled in
t!if Kotmi tit him he had put to D-atli ; at the lame
Tim;' writii'j; a l^tt- r to tins new Prince in the lollowin^
Term^ : Wh.it inelined us to do what we did to your Pre-
ilciellor, ai.il your Lord, was, Ins known Malivoleiue to-
wards us ; and that we mi'j,'it let an l-'.xample to Ins l.quals,
we have Iv.rn lo happy as to treat him as he would, have
ffatid Us. But We till k It conveiiiiiit to lend his Head
hack to y,,u, h.ivnnv'i^id no l)elii;n ot detaiiiinj!; it, or ot"
sm(;;,iiinj; any (dory to ourli'lves, tiom the .'\dvanta^e we
i>bt.tined over him. The News ot this Aclioii bemy re-

ported to the Kw^ of the /«.//.•; anti nf Ciln j, it a MuJ
to th< krlpitt thiy btloie hid tor the .M.lm^^, ind hom
that I imc It li.is tn-tn a Cullo.n with the King , ot K.tf.ir,
every Morning they iifc to turn lowauU the Country of
/"/•"/('•. to iiroltrats theml. Ives on ili,- (Jinund, and to
make the ni. ' • rotouiid Iiielmationi in Honour ot tli«
Mibi cjf.

4*^ All the KinRi of the Jndlts and of Chinn bclieve
the MetemN'yeholi, or Traiilmigratioi) ot Jioiili, ami
nuke It an Aiiiele ot tli. ir !<< Ii^l-m. A Prrloii ot Credit
relates, 1 1, at one ol tin \r Printcs Ix-inj'; newly recovered
ol th( Small-pox, and U holding himlill m a (ilal's, wai
deeply tiouhlid to I'lT how ladly his la- c was ilistigurcd,
and that turning himli-lf towards one ot the live Sons of"
his Uroth. r, he laid to him, liire itnev. r h.ippc-nrd to any
Man us to me, to remain m h^ jtody niter liieli a Clian'^e \
Uut this Ho.!y IS only a Vdl'el pull'ed up with Wind, and
when the Soul Lav, s it, iIk piltes inKantly into another.
Cio mount you u|Hjn the Throne, tor I am jbi-tit to t'epa-
r.ite my B-nly liom my .Soul, until I return into another
B<Hly: At the lame Tune he called lor alhaipanJ keen
CaMxiiir, with which li- commanded his Nephew to cut
olV hi» Head, wluih the other did, and lie was atterwardi
burnt, as isili- Ciilb.m ot tli.' C< untiy ^ Our Author
here (]uits his Sul)|' a loim wli.ir abrujitly, in onK r to re-
turn ajviin to the Country ol Cdina mu\ the Maim ts of
itslnh.iliitants. The Hialoii ol this is not at Hill Si^ht
very evident, but it we conlidi r that he h.llows the former
VVritir, welliallvery (alily dilicrn that this was the true
Caule ot his making Iti hidden a T'ranlltion. Wh.it he
luil I'liure laid was in Ciiiilt'iiuence of the l-acls delivered
by tlie lirll Auilior in Kei^aiil to the /«,//:•<, and hiving
dilculTid ihele It Was r.atuiai hir him to tollow that Author
in what he lays of t.V'/'/M and tW(.L>inefe, and indeed it
mull be allowed, that notwithltanding thefe Imall Inter-
ruptions, there are Icarcc any Hooks ot Travels of fo an-
cient a Date, written in a tleareror b -tterMuhod than thefe.
49. The Chiiii-f<! weie wondcifiilly lenular in allT'hings
rel.iting to ( iovei nmeut, belore the hill Revolution dedroy-
cd and reduced them to the State they arc in at prefenr.
T'here was a cert.iin Merchant, a Native ai CboraJJiiii, svho
coming into />■,//•, there dealt to a conriderahlc Amount,
and having Ixiught up a (Quantity of ( loods went to China.
This Man was extremely leltilh and of incredible Avarice ;
It happened that the Kmperor ot China had lent o;ie of his
l*'.unuelis to Canfti, the City of all the /hahian Traders*
there to purciiafe what he wanted, and w.is to be hail on
Board ot the Ship tlut was ariiveil. T his Eunucli was
one ot thole who had the largcll Slinrc in his Mailer's
gooil Opinion aiul Contidence, and \v.is Keeper of hia
T'reafurc and of all that he clleemed previous.

A ))ifpute arole Utween this l.unuch and the before-
mentioned Merchant, about fome Pieces of Ivory and
other tioinls, and it ran It) high that the Merchant relufcd
to ileal with him. Hut this Atlair making a great Noife,
the liunuch pulhed it I6 tar, that he loieed from him the
C hoice of his Cioods, delpiftng whatever the other could
fay to him. The Merchant withdrawing liimfelf, went
privately to Cuimiati where the Kmperor rel'ides, and
which is two Months Journey from Cniifu, and being ar-
rived he went ro the Strinji, of the B 11 mentioned in the
former Book. T he Cullom was, that wlioever pulled it was
thereupon lint ten IJays Journey liom tliciiie, into a kind
of Banillimeiit 1 it was ordered alio that he Ihould be com-
mitted to Prilijn, there to remain for two whole Months ;
which expired, the Vice-King or Governor of the Province
relealed iiim, and laid you h.ive involved yoi rlclf in an

" riiii U a very (iltafar.t Si<ir\', anl vvrll rchirJ ; but with tti\^i\ In ihe Country in which it happened. I think it very d Intuit to Tiy ,iry 1 hing
"'^liem.inty, .111(1 yet lhi> diio' not .it .ill Iclteii ihc CteJibi.ity iit' the KiCl. It is i.oi impollible himcvcr, tliat thiiillillory nii;;lit rt-'ate to 1,1.^ ofth«
li.Kiii whun arc nnw c.dcd /'i/A/yi.i ■ ; ur |X-rlup.5 fomc ol the IllaiU^ in the Su.iit> of !iin,lii. I pretend to determine imtliiog in (uch do ibtlul
I'l ti, but leave ilic Ri-.ider to decide lor himlclt, according to the I.ighij given him by the Author, who appears to have wiitien with great Caution

I'IFldllily.

I 111. IWUine nf the Metempfycl.ofiS is gciifrally held .imongft the Chimf/. Their llidorics fay, that one yV. kin, or Shilia, an InMau Philofg.
r'lr, Hhn lived .ibout a iliouLiiid \ e.irs bcli)rc Chiilt, was the firll tlut taught this Dii'binc of Tranlniigratioii ; and uur Authors add, that the Chi-
''•' lu.l It from the Inliuni. It ovcr.m (.'J inn in the Vcar of Chrill '1;, and the Cliiets of thij Sctl have to this Day their .Xbode on or near the
Miuiii.11'1 7/r./„, in (1,1. I'rnviiice of ('lih,if. ThU .\V«/..-, aicoiding to the Cllnry Iraditien in Navmr.tif, has been burn fight thourind I'imes
""'f, llic l.ill Time in the Form of awhile I'liphant. Ii b he that w.is called Fohee after his .Xpotheoiis. The ."^edof ,\f*/rt, asweaa' told by Father
'•'•"■'"'■. hold the Meteinp ycli(i(j> ; but th s SrL-l is divided into two Branchc!, the one believing the exterinr iVlrtcmpfychofij, or that the Souls oil
^''" pals after Death intii other I'tulics, and theic worlhip Idol*, :.nd abllain from every Thing th.u has Life, while the other Scfl has Faith in an
irtrr cir 1:1 leinpijcliofis, whieii is the piincipal Foundation ot their Mor.diiy, which confills in liipprilhrg the I'affions, which are m lb many diftj-
rcM AnimaUjMuiitJuiff fttwu Mini bat nsilhcr the one norihe other c.xpetk Rewards ur dreailj'unilluaeiiu in the World to come.

Affair

: I-

il'!|[lr

,;! i I

! is."

* !

I:'!

f*.

i. ' ■.
p. '

=;:/»

7/A" Dlfcovcry, ScttlciiKnt, a;/// Commerce ^^ok I

AlV.);i which m;iy mm to vnur iitrcr Kuin, ami to ihr \ .oW the GrtMt coiilil olTVr to emhroil a Difimtp, f„ i}^^^ r n\.
v\ vourl.i;.- if' yini I'lvak not ihi- rc.il 'l"mth-, tor.ilnuicK w.is alw.iy, niliniiiiHrul to him who had Riuhtim i,,! i;,,''

,,, . Jit tin Ins , Si' ;■

-.5 the Fill Pi I or hath .ipjinintril Mirftirrs .iiiu uovinn.f; in a v>oni, tiiry tii.ric e!i(,icc ot upright Mt,, ,

to ilitlrilnitc Jullicc to v^u Riul to all Strangers ivir is Mtn who neither opprciral the Poor, or actvptul I'nl-u

there any one ot them th.irwiiP.a not r:^ht you, it wncn hointhcKhh. When they JcfiS'icd to |);omuto a',

you apix-ar ktorr the I'.mi'cr(»r yiv.ir Wronss arc not liu h Man to the Ollice ol I'riniipal Judge, tl,iy prcvioui'v

a';nviv Tt-.tle voj to h.'ve lecoinfe to hull, it will moll lent hiin to all the ehief Cities ot the rinpirc, in each f

iertaiiily co!l you vom- Life, to the I'.iul that every Man wiiich he llaivl a Moiuh or two. l)i]rii,|r this Space it wl

who wduld 1 relume to do as you have done, may Ix- i!e- hn Hulinels moll minutely to enquire into the Ali'iirs uf

tcrreii trom the laitv. Withdraw therefore inviied lately, the People, into all that pallid in tlic Cir.),. »nd into ,"

and lie I'onc aliout your Buliner-;. Now it t!u Party m- various C'uiloms. Pie informed liiimdl ot all ludias ij,..

deavoured to P.y, he was (hall: led with titty Stnik's nt the ' — ' •■ '- ^ ' ' '

Bamliro, and was then lent back to the Country whence
he came ■, li:t if he perfifted in his Demand ot Keilrels,
he w.i'- a."nii:rid to an Audience ot tlie I".m|>eror.

The fi"r.;/fi»i);j« lUeniioully psri'ded in his Demand of

JuRic", and ot Leave to lie aJn.itted to the I'inpernr, Court, wh( re he was invcllcd with the O.gnity ot St"

which was at Ix^ngth (granted him. The Iiuerpieter alk- picme Judj»e.

ing him !iis Burinils, he related what had betallen him 'Po him theretore the F.inprror reierred the Nomination

with the P'i;;pcror's C);Hcer, and how he had forc;-d troni ft' all the other Jucj^es, and l>y him were thcv ai);x)ir,td,

Tellrnony,

ar.il this

lerved to he believed upon their
Knowledge W.1S of Hie to hi.n in the S^qud'as Oaailoa
re(]u;red. Alter he had j^oiie throiif;hall the Cities i;i i^.e
Manner afonlaid, and made a Stay ot liiiiicTime in t'lc
moll confulerahle of tluni, he repaired in the Iir.wnal

him a Part ct his Mi(i;<;.
and noiled alxut at C.ih/u

'Phis '] hiPi; wa- Idoh divulj^ed
In the mean Time the pmpe

ror comi'ianiled tin Mcichant to Ix- call into Pnlon, ami
that C are fhnuld lie there t.ikcn that he wanted not tc;r ci-
ther Victuals or Drink.

At ihc lame Time lie c'rd.re<i his Prime MinilVr to
write to the (iov:rnor of Carfu, charging him to inform
himlrlt corcerninf' the Cn; pi lints ot this Merchant, ard
to examine into the Cinninds thercot ; at the lame 'Pinu:
alio thiec principal Officers rcrilveil the fame Ord-r.
Thcl'c U,'r..cri .ire calleit of the Ki^;ht, of the L.( ft, and
of the Mu'.lK aiiordin;^ to their Uank, have the Com-
inand ot ih.P.mjx-r.)r's Forces under the Prime MinilUr.
He tni'.^ them with the (m.ird of l.u Pert'on, ami when
he takes t!;e li.-ld Icr lume military Pnterpri/e, or on any
ruirr .Xccourt, eaJi ot iicm, accordinp; to his Kank,
marches near I" m : Mitlc three Oiiicers wrote each a]Mit
what they l.»dup.onthe l!:;ctcll F'.nqiiity liilcovtred ut
the Matter, und allured the Kmpcror th.it the Merchant's
Compi.'int was jiill -d well touiu'ce).

Th:i- fir'l In;.)i:. aiions v.ere fcjllowci! and ronllrrr.ed
by many rr.orc iVc.t to the p^-nperor from I'.ivc rs Paits, and
the F.u:-.u>'i vn\ tlteii to appear. He no looner ar-
rived, tlmn tlie P'nijicror teiz.d on all his P.lVetJts, and de-
n%ed him ot his Olr.ce as IVeaUirer, and then tail to

alter he h.id acquainted tlie Pni(vii.r wini tlioi;',' who la
his whole D.>min:(>ns were mod wurtliyot i.\';t^i iii" Juni'.
iliclion, eacli in his own C ity, or in othen ; ii r he Lie*
who were comm.nd.iblc tor their I'ndtrllimling, and lb
vo one was railed who poI'llVed not adequate Kiicowmcn!>,
or who bore not Tcllimony according; to the Truth, ivka
he was intiriogated. I'he Panperur allows none of liii
Judges to write to him uixjn any Allair, when he is in-
torined tliat he lias done injutlice, and cv^ii deprives then
(jf their Ollice. The I'ipreme Judge cmfes Pnxlaination
eveiy Day to lie made belore his Gat.; by his OiFircrs, aril
in his Name they cry out. If any Man hath been wronqci
1 y the Vice King, or Ciovcrnor, who is r.ot tabcl'ecnolthc
Ptople, or by any one of his Kelatiurs, or Oti:crr>, crbv
any one of the Body of the People, i will ilo him ani[i{
Juliice, tu inii\ as the Ol'teiider is |nit into ir.y 1 la.".,is ^=,1
tliat 1 have Cluij-V-- of him. 1 his PiOv.lairiation is thri.:
repeated.

It is an ancient CuttoiT) with ti'.cni never to cir^aJfj
Vice King, or (iovernor of a City, but by virtue ctl tntrs
iil'ued out of the C(ii;nul or Divan ot Kings i and ins u
commonly executed tor lijine tla^raiu Mah'irlatiori, ot
when Ju.lgment is lli||)ciuicd or d.layeJ ; But nkn til!
Ciovcrnor avoids thele two things, it is leLloni he is liil-
tuilvd witli l^'tters ot Revocation, wludi arc never d.inn

im, Death ought to be thy lX)oni for giving tins Man up hut on a legal Account. The I'ults of Jirlicatu:e «

who IS (oir.e from Cteritj'uH, on tlie Pronrieis ot my
Kingdi^m. Caulc ot Complaint ag.'nil me. 1 |e hath Itcen
in the Country ot the //ra/'i, whente he (aine into the
King onvot the Indu , and at lall to my City, Iceking
his A'iva.-.tage by Lade, and th' u wouldtt have ha,l
him ntuin crols thele Kingdoms, and have laid to all the
Pcojlc in hi> Way, 1 have l)cen ahuled in (Itwa, where

they have jlripped me ut my .Siii)lLince. I grant tiiee thy
Late in C'Jidideration of thy turmtr Serviecs in the Kaiik
thoi. hc'dei^ in my HoulV, but 1 wiW (<;ntcr on tlirc a
L'oinmai-d among the l)e*il, loraliiuich as thou half not
been able to acquit thylcitof thy Duty in that thou holdell
CA-er the Liviiig, jtid he ordered l.im to !x' lent to the
Tom!)s ot the kings to have the Cullo-Jy of them, ami
there to remain tor ' I afe.

ryO. One ihirg moll worthy Admiration in (ihina lic-
fj .-• il>c i.ue C<imniotums, was the i'\tud O.der th< y ob-
teivcd 111 the .'Vc-mir.il'.'aii.in of Juliice, and tlicMaiclty
_o! tne.r P;.bi.'.ah \ to till them, tfuy made Choice ol luch
"Men as were ixrtedly vnud uuneir Laws, and luchcon-
t quei.tly a. v,ctc never at a Lots, wh- n they sserc to pals
J'.Jgn-.<n;, Mm ot Smrci-y, /c^lous in the C ante ot
Jullicc ujHj.) every Occafion, not to be lualied l)y what

' Tiiii wa« I vcj c»traonli;i»ry

conferred on none but Peifons ot Pr(/nity, and Lovers d
Juliice, and li) gooti Order is maintained in th: Kir.Kom.

« I . The I'ldvuu .■ of Cii.r.ijJ'.in is alnioll on the lirders
of Ci'ina. Prom Ciiiia to Sa^J, ir is ot .iL>oiitt»o.Me^is
Journey through iiiipraLlit:.ible Drfarts and thrc;£.i a
Country all covered with .Sand, where no Water is tJiK
Iouik). It is not refrelhed by any RWa\ m is ihtrtar.ir
Plalntaiion in this Province ; and lor tins Kealbn :: is ilui
the Chcrajjjiii.vi:- cm make no Irruptions into Gvu T™
Pait of This i-impire v.hich lies taitlull WelKar.i, isiiic
Province ot Medu, wliieh iiorderi upon •r.'i'^/, loth; ui
this Side the two Nations are at War witli eadiothrr.

Among thoie ot our 'Piiiie who have travdicd intoCti.t;,
we were auiuaintcd with one, who told us h; haJ W' |
Man that had a VtiVcl witli Mulk in it on his Back, rJ
had travelled on liiot from S.:m,ir<; and to C<:v% !■^•
Pui t lor all Meu hints fioin Sn:./. 1 le lu.l hy Ur.uWvc-
led thro' aii the C iti.s ot Ciimi one altir aneiher, »l..>.i'-
might ealily do, Ucaulc the I'loviiices ot tV/rjaiu. i.:''.
where the Creature that atiords Mulk ;s met vMth,arc*"t-
guous. 'Ihc a'!,irficMry off as manyol tlide CreaM' ^
tlu y can ; and thole ol lUa, on tir.ir Pait, do t.hc W-'

i„«h:ehl!l««"''

' 1 .lu wj. I vcf) c»traoi-di;,iry ',vt cf |ufl,« ,„ the f.V(«/> Emperor, inU lerv .f.recil.'e t) ihe Mix>«\. ol iltit Frai.re, in «'":'' ""'■"..^
fe !. urci r-'';^i^' Cttafiui-, <il doin.; J hug, .,( Uiii .Vaiufr, clptiiaHv where Mu.grr- arc i oi.. rrr.eJ d.i mo Rm1»iu. I ''« tin\ :>. ; ;
t.-oxw. m.-j br bi ted .\l.fi,jj .iiKlvr5.ac«) high • Je* o( ihf (•Uiuiiv .,f tl^.'r .'udKUitnii, ,. t h.i.g»er» .■.C'ee=l!e m il.c .ul^fiMj"'^*;' ;';'.',
ike t:i.ii, t.'at ,t i;u> b.vt i g ,oJ Kfefl a: rt.me, »nJ (me loiiuke esco lU- irc-.tlk «.d molt poweitul I'erlon, la Clna, ae^'J "• ^"^

iurlnlhefuI)re.)ner.tPir!''ftl'''"'
ih.l 1 Ihiveinei >wth. n iliu- lii"'''''.

1 •.uCf I i ;brj ulpetitic IjK-.cti.

A- !■> lm« ttm,:tr) ..( 7, hi, ,i ir.-y no; be ;mih In f»v fuinrihiiiR ot ,i !,er-, Ix-iv.ifc it w I! oci
^•thu llxf ^ l..,Xou.f o( ihcg-r.: Kii^j.^m ol ;..,^,., «/,„„, .n„,o,„ij lo il* Ull \i(.m..,i. il
t!i,(.' II t-f (■■ rj on UMT n«a I J.I Kiiigvi-xu cf .la, or uf fi,a

the .ci.uifui, or (Jre-t Kiim of ine Cu.aij. Tana, , on li.e .North. Thu Kngiium m il.udca inio mo I'ati

Kji.Sci. ui ..i ,'„^.4/ (e^cw:) 1.J ureJ 1 i.Tt il.r v.^.i. |'.tn „ the C.miiin- ,,f /,/„/. Poih 1.1I.1.1 t.x<-'l"N "I''-'' ■'"• •'"''"""" "' '"" "iTr"' 1 :J
nalt« lrx4f..:C.i4i.d l„w. ti.io .. .hel'ojxo, i„,i,cg„ (Wiff.jl il.c Tu.,.., tl.r. ,i.c n^e .1/ '..w^i-m-, ; ln,l >.lK!iicr ti.cy 0: M '.
b« ci^tiM 1 /-^ .1/ 0; i.1 :jU,i i» a Pi,ii4 ta,t ^J^u:;* wl u..y.u Dlpjie. aiiU ll«lt Uieicfuu l^ UeuUcJ lO inotlic/ I'lace. |i ;

iWori; I:'-
llU'^

on tTie,S..ulh. fhf IJoimm,..., ut li.r (jic.i; MoR"' '"',''" ^* '''" vt'ju'ii

,|ui».liHhlieil'i^t>^-":.
lulihitlJiiio"''"

chap. H.

of the East Indie

537

lJ,it tlif Miifli ol T'i«'/ is f'lr prcfernlile to ilmt ol C'/'/»it
lor two KiMliiiis i fir'U ii> "/^"^''' 'li" Ciciiiiic |\i-,|i on
Aronufic I'.ilhirrs, while in China he li;it luiiliiiip, to
iiblilL him but what is common \ laomlly, thr Inh.iliit.ihts
ul libd im fiivc their Bladilcis or CmU o| MiilU in thi!
..uii' natural State, whili; the Cbmtji .uliiltii'.uc «ll f h,it conu;
Inti) thtfir Hamls. Tlicy iii|) tin n> all<> inio the Scii, or
iH; cxjioli; thcni to the Ucw \ anil havinjj; krpt ihrni Ionic
li,;;,', they take otTthc outwanl Mi'mbrwnf, itnil tliiti ritill'
tliiniiip J anil this Mufk paills in the Coinilryul thi; Arabs
tor Miilk of 'I'ibet^ bccaufe of its l''.xtelieni't',

The inoft cxquifite of all the forts of Mulk in wimt the
Roebiuks that yield it leave bchinil thmi wlirn they ml)
ihcTiifclves againft the Rocks on the Momuainn fur the
Humour whence it is generated, falling dowh towards
ihc Navel of the Creature, it there gatlieiH into k (^mniity
of turbid Blood exaiftly like Biles, and Uitli-liko'l'vinioursi
when thif. Swelling is ripe, the Creature, fcnlihlc of ii paiti-
ful Itching, fetks out for Stones, anti rubs liiinIcK iiivitnll
the fame, till he opens his Sore, and the Contrnii run out.
Now, as loon as this Matter falls from ilie Crentuie, it
loagulatis, the Wound clofes, anil the lt»mc kind uf I hi-
mour gathers to a Head again as before.

In 'hhei thirc are Men wlio make it their Hufihcfi to
collcift this Mulk, and are very ready in knowing it \ and
having tuund it, they carefully colleft it, and put It im in
BlaiWcis, nnd it is carried to their Kings. This Mulk il
r ,1: ix(iiiilitc, when it has ripened in the HIaildei ol' the
{. u'.iri- which bears it. It furpaflln all othern in (iood-
, :-, :., \ IS I'ruit is better when it is gathered ripe I'lom the
l';:-!, i'.,.:i wh'.'.i it is pulled green.

Th.;..' IS l>ill .inotlier way of getting Mulk \ lliey inlnare

t', Crcatu- in Toils, and fl.oot hiii\ with Arrows \ but it

1 lahaip-ns, that the Hunters cut the 'J'liinoui'" ot the

( uiu.rcbcloatlu Mulk is elaborated \ and in ihit C'alc it

! ., at full an ill Sant, th.it prevails nil ilu' Matter is

;. Lined, v.'hiih fometiims docs noi liappiii in ii (;i.a

• .,:!ci but lb lur.n a>! it coagul.ites, it turns (o Mu(L I'liis

^'Jk is a Criature like our Koi buck, his Skm mid t'o-

. til'.' i'ainc, witii flendcrLfgs, a fjilii I loin liiiooili, Init

iv.hat hciidiiig withal \ on each .Sule he hat two linall

v!.,v 'lixih, which arc Ihait, and rik .ihnve hi', MiilIM,

( , i.halia Finder, or limuwhat kis ini,tn(',ih, and iii then

ki:n nut unlike the I'tcth ol the I'lcphai.t \ and tlu'i is

;h. Mark, which didinguiihis this Cnature tiuiil other

!;vhiiiks\

■ J. The L'aiiperors of China write to the Kinj'i or Cio-

.un ot Cities, to the Painuchi, or latniienaiiii, and

! :r L.ittcri .ui conveyed by I'otl hork , with a rut tail,

' of.d almoit like the i'olb among the ./»'(i/M, in luch

( ir .lb ivcry b'^dy knows.

I'.c fiilis wh.u wi- have hire related com c.ning lie Clmiffi'
( ..';i-ir.,'., it is ulbal for the I'lintis, and i viii dii; I'luplr,
I :iul;e Water ll.uiding. l'..rfonB ol Dignity, .ii the
V;a King.s, .i;iil the principal Odkers, have giliUd C.incs
■ ' i.l.'.t ioi.y, wlucli a: nurcd tliroiitdi I and thele tliiy
.» iltin .lb tlu-y niaiv.. Aater, llamliii;', upiipjit .ill llu
I.:.-, a'. a by this mtans ilie I'libe lariu'. the Waiir to a
f'«A' Diilai-.ci liotn tl. in. 'i'iiey are ol ()|^luiyii, thai all
I'j. - 111 tlie KiJiuys, tli:' Sir.inguiy, and i ven the 'itoiu',
ai: I '.il:.l by maki.ig Water in .i limnu, I'ulliiie \ and that
till' K.ir.s lani.ct free themfelvis abloTunly nl thil!' 1 lu-
r'.o'.:.', but by (landing to evacuate-, and that thin lint
I'iji".i:i;- lontrihuiis ixiecdingly t" 'he Ppl'I'Vatlnn ol
HliIiIi. Thiy lulllr their I lair to glow, im the Mui

will not round the Head of a Child when he comes
into the World, as the .Irabs do, for they iay it c.aufes
a conlidcrablc Alteration in the Brain, and tliat their
.Senlis are very feniibly impaired thereby. They fnfFei
t he I lead then to be all covered with Hair, which they
careluliy comb.

As lor their Marriages, they obfervc the Degrees of
C'onfanguinity after this Manner : They are divided among
thetnfelves into Pamilics and Tribes, like the Arabs, and
lonie other Nations ; and they know each other by the
DilVerence of their Ucfcents. No Man ever marries in his
own Tribe, jiill as the Children of Thummim among the
Arabs take not to Wife a Daughter of the fame Race of
Ti.Kimmim ; and a Man of one Family efpoufes not a Wo-
man of the fame. But for example, a Man of the Family
ol Robtiydi, marries into that of Mcdzar \ and in like mai>'
ncr a Mcdzar marries with a Rcbayat ; tJiey are of Opinion,
that fuch Alliances add to the Nobility of the Children, by
increaling their Alliances, and rendering their Families more
powerful.

i lere our Autiior makes, as it were, another Break in
Ills Work, in order to pals once more to the Inditiits,
and tluir Culfoms. In Ipeaking of the Method purl'u'jd
by the iirll Author, we obferved, that the main Delign of
his Work was, by comparing the Manners of the Indiaus
With thole of the Chinrff, to render them both better known
to, iiiul more fully ui derllood by his Countrymen. 1-Iis
Comnvntator thirefore, with great Propriety, follows the
laiiK 1 rack ; and as he hud confultcd both Books and
I'lavcllers to illulbatc what had been laid of C/jinay we
lliall liiid him as diligent in what regards India.

54. In the Kingdom of the Balhara, and in all the other
Kingdoms of the litdiei, there are certain Pcrfons who burn
themli'lves. This Cuflom proceeds from their Notion of
a Metcniprycholis or Tianlinii.;ration, which they firmly
believe as a I'ruth never to be liifputed. Th^re are Kings,
who u[H)n tluir Accellion, obferve the followi.ii; Cere-
mony : They drefs a great Qiiantity of Rice, and pour it
upon Leaves of the Moula in Sight of the King ; then
three or four hundred Ferlbns come of tluir own Accord
without the leail Conilraint on the Part of the King, and
prefent themfelves before him -, after he iias eat';n fonic of
this Rice, he gives a little of it to Ibme of them as fall ,13
they come up to him one after another, and they eat it in
his I'rcfence '. By eating of tliib Rice, they all eng.ige to
burn themfelves on the Day tlie King dies, or is dain ;
and they puiiclually fulfil their Promile, throwing tliem-
felves into the Fire from the liril to the lall, fo that not
one of them is left beiiind.

When a Man is determined to bum himfelf, hcfirfl: goes
to the King's Palace to alk Leave fo to do, and having
obtained it, lie goes round the publick Squares ol tlie City,
and proceeding afterwards to the Place where the Pile is
hi aped uj) -viih dry Word, while round about it Hand
m.iiiy Perfons who feed the Fire, fb that it is very violent,
anil bla/es iirodigiouny. At latt the Peifon comes pre-
ceded by a .Number of Inftruments, and moves round the
Place ill the niidll of liis Friends and Relations ; during
which Ibme [ut upon his Head a Garland of Straw, or dry
lleibs whuli liiey fill with burning Coals, whereon they
poui Sander.ie, which catches I'ire as ibongly as Naphtha ;
ncvcrthekts, he continues the ProcefTion, aithougli the
t. niv. n of lus 1 lead be all on l-'ire, and the Stench of his
burnt I'lelh be fmelt, not lb much .is ^ ' .inging Counte-
naiii e in the leall, or betraying the fmalkll Senfe ol Pain :

Mir;

. ■TV ■ r

.,;. :- I,. : ! ll-y ■ t). i ,: I'l.

' t' ■ . ■■ ,. ■ *■,'■; i

i'A

' .!

i U 'i

III

' VV h.ive fjrmi-il) nicmiontil tlie ,\riiiMl nhiili |u(i4liiif . Ntuft., the Miiiiurr in wliiih it is prcpau-d, anil the V.itue of ili.it ricli Pufiiinc. .At

I pilcrt He iIm:; iv' r'em.iil^ ili.ii tlit lifit W'lilii , .Aimcia ,iinl Minlriii, iij;rf.' p'lliVll) ttitii our .Auihur in Opiiili'ii, tli.it the riihci :ir.il higlidt

ji.i;iiirtd Mu-, i~ that iil li/'ti, or, ii'. iitlii't: 1...II ii, /*.»>;. n'l 1 lUiil llli^ lifiiiuli' i ( llic ,\'n)ni:.t;c failure in ili;it l.nnii, fuch as .11c lo where ellc to

; !*■ !'■ will. I h t ii.i- hiJan .Mulk ti.im-i iif»i in iif,;iii nl f iin;.:i !■, il |i «r rn.iy f. rm it, w iili wh.it wa , bn nght to Citii/, and tl.c othi'i ii.,.!ir.g 1 fn^n^

lit /W;.j by \ i-trh.iM',, wiw (...i.iid il (Mil (' («.i liy I ill'il. iiml ilii|'(ikd of it iliinui'li- ut il.c Rilt. '1 hiu ti.c l.t'/o^. Mulk li worll (I . 1!, r.ctui.ly
' -i' the f.'Ai. ,/, .,,:!.: ii-iair il K UT >1 w..) -, lull .lllii bis nil'i' wh il h | tndiiti'd ii.itnr.iilj in !h it Kingdom ii not to.. i\ii-..lili- to what is in 'li'ei. Ml
• I'Jii, mill li) li.c I I'll 'nun., .Mil K. 111. Ill C.Vdi 1 inil LuIm i .l/.r/,-, /,•/,. ; .( f..v , the .\IulV ihat lioo not tonn; fioin (.V/t.i 1.* always i!,i;
'''■•'1 .iiul 111.: i,-.c 1 till, 1 i,.„ U-t.i.ili: lilt i.'('./.,vi»iiiiii| liiid III llii'lr lln
iK.icd. At piiieit the ivii);di'i'i d' U:y.,H u II. i t'>i»lill ^ll•ll lot Mu
''';"">". l^'iniitr 111 tl.c I. I'v.. Or nut uf 11. , i r v

' I his n.i. J uiy c a V uiioiii III utiiii I'l.ili iif i!ir VVnilJ, n, npfii'iiti from ,.h.if (.' ■ V tclli ui of 'lii- Amb.afti ainongll ilic o'.ii./.'. In t.ie la^io
"■' Noi.uii (•ciiii.ijij priv.,:;i.d i fur in ihf lll.ii.il of f.'.»/«» llir Kiii|; Imil iiU-ivs i.b lUi linn irrtan Nobleme.i, wliO llili-d tl.Linltivn. t.iiihtui to the
^] t 111 i.ii. Wotla, ..nd UI the iicai. and wlinfc I ml. .111 11 sw. in fmii tlicnililvt!. wli.n i.c diid. lU'h;.i bii rvt-i the l.in.c tliin,.; ith it tut to the
•"■■'. . fort i;| Ldiaii !ioliiiti>. uln .ilwaj. jifiiilna itilli ihiii l Inil. in ilie Knii'.ilnin ot hr^uin, wh'n the Kiig dud, iii..iiy y; i..;. .\olilci
'"■■ '1 10 I burie 1 ,.ith im;.. In a n..rd, all Ihc l'.„i..gHfi, \S nirii conlirni thi.-, ,iiid ('ive us iii,.iiy Inll.invt - in bupj'urt of it. I'i.c Uim tlicy
"'**• '•■'' "f ni then untiles, 10 c.ijmi.1» (1ii« .VwI ol dwuitilig lluiiili,'llCi In 4 Kitli a iraiim to a .vloii«jch, li tjxti ;i .-.ficu.m.

r IMS to let th.it -ir any tiiinj; i:ilc that paiio thioimli then i landi iit.ipc unadu
lulk 1 an.' ihciiec it'u, that the Ikmuii .Meri.li.inj fetch iheUi; luit of lb,

,!<^o

.Uii
.(1! 1,

^:-:^:,. H ,. ■■■

f:,..a,» .

:i'r

^•58 7/v' Difcovcry, Settlement, /zW Commerce £ookl

At lart he fotrct to the Tile, throws himffll into it, and is dians pcriflicd : The Mere h.mM thcrt fore fwiglu afi^ , ,; .
ibon rcciuc-fd ni Allies'. Meins to fecurc il.tmlclvis, ami the Jn,ims » - "''

i;;;. A ccrtnin PrrliMi, to whom we give intirc Crcilit, longer apprchcnileii. ' "

' ■..'■• j-ij i„ ti,^. Mountain of Sarandih thry lind rr-i

Stones ot various Colours, red, Rre-n, and yciu'ny!
o\ which arc at certain Times foncii out of lavfrnl ."i
,..1... u in.. I... H-: _. 1 -■■ . '-••'^nis anj

fivV. h<' be held one of thele Indians burn hinilelf.andavers,
ih'it when he came near to tlie Tile, he drew out a Canpi.ir,
iiul witl. t ripp'd down his B: all to the K:in ot his Iklly \
and that this done, he with his left Hand pulled out a Flat)
«i his Lrver, and with the Cangiar cut a Piece of it, which
Ik gave to one of his Brotliers, talking all the time, and
difcovering an invincible Contempt of Death, .ind a won-

otluT Receffcs by I'.iins and luirent';. In thd' P
the Km^ has his Officers to keep an i-,yc ovfrtholi:w'a
pick them up: Many Tinu-s alfo tlu-y are du- out i
Mines in the (ame Manner as Metals ; and they lometimr,

Viful Patience under his Torments, till at lall he lea^-K-d find precious Stones in the O.ir, which muft be brub
into the Kjre in his I'affagc to Hell.

ffi. The Perfon who affirmed this aJdcd, that in the
Mountains of this Country there are Indians, wlm in Opi-
nions ,ind Manners difler but little from thole we call Kant-
ifians ami JfiiduH.u and v. ho art addidled to all manner of
Superftirion nnd Vice ; there i.s a great Emulation between
tHcle Mounrainctrj and the People on the Coalt, the latter
continually pAing iiji to the Mountains to dare the Inh.ibi-
Wnts there to do as they do, and the Mounuiiieets on their

to git at them.

The King of tliis Ifland makes laws, which arct:i;I\a-.
danientals of the Religion and Government ot the (o-un.
try ■, here am- Doctors and Airemblie-; of learnfi Mvn"
like thole of the Hadilbis among the .Irabs. rhc /^j,^,'.
repair to thefc Aflemblies, and write down what the, ra
ot tiic l-ives of their Piophcts, and th; various tm-i-
tions ot their I^wj. Here is a very gr^ic lilul ot ti
linert Gold, but concerning the Wcij^ht tlicrccf Trwi.

Parr a? frequently coming down to the Coaft with Dctianccs lers arc not agreed. Here alfo arc TVmplcs, where ■^at

of the Time Nature.
' AmoiiR others, there once came down a M.tn on this
Frrand, and having gathered a Numb-.r rf the Inhabitants
offhe L\aft about him, who came as well out of Curiofity
to fee the Sight, as with Intent to itmtate him, he told
them todowhat he was afxiuttoj-icriorm, or it they detpaired
of (Viing it, to ai knowlcdgr themfelvcs ovcrcoine. I le fat
himlllt down then in a I'lace plantal with Canes, and
ditv.J^cd t!.ein to U ixi one i.t thrm down tu the Grounil.
Thife Canes are like our Sugar C.iiuj, bend like them.

Sums of Money are cx})endcd in Incrnlc '

III this fame Ifland there is a very grr.it Mu'ttiuicu!
ytxvs, as well as of many othirScts even Tj «v, «
Manubtei, the King permitting the free Fjtcrcifc u! enrv
Religion. At the F.nd ot tins Illand arc Viili.j; ,^g.fv
Length and Breadth, which extend quite to thcSea. Ilac
1 ravellen ftay two Months and more in that ci!Ul Quo
Sarandii), allured by the Ik-auty ol the Country, ch?ci;Tr;l
with Groves and Plains, Water and Me.uls, ,na bl'.ff;^
With a wholli)me Air. Th>s \'all< y opens uixjii ti,! ;a
called llarkand, and is tr.iiifccnvl.iiulv 1 Ir.iUiit. Ytuihi:;:

and h.ive a very large Suni , whin they arc pulled down

lliey lie along, but when let go they rife again witli ^iro..ii- Ixiy a Sheep lor half a Dram, and for the lamcyouf.r-

cious Violence. One of the l.irf^cft of tiiel'e he ( aviled to bt- cliaie as much of their Drink as may I'lftin; many I'erlri

gious

bowed down to his Height, ano t.tiknrd his Flair llixjngly
thereto, when taking in his Fiand nis Canj^iar, which
fpaiklid like Fire, he laid to thufe aliout him, I am going
to cut off my Head with this Cangiar. As foon as ir k
fevered from my Body, let go the Cane, and when it Hies
up with my \ lead, 1 will laugh, and you (hall hear me.
The People of the Cf>aft had not Courage enough to imiute
him. '1 he I'cifon who related thefe 1 hingi to us dtd it
s*itSout Flmotion or Wonder ; and in our omei Ihel':
FaiHs are very generally known, fbr this Part of the India
is in the Neighbourhcxxl of the Country ot the /irsbi^
and we hear from thence every Day.

57. It IS a cuftomar/ Thiri; alfo for Men and Women
of the Indian Blood, to defirr tliofr i>f their Family to
throw them : ,to ilic Fire, or drown them when thry arc
grown oW, or perceive themfelves fink under the Weight
of their Years tinn'y believing that they i'.rc to return in
Other Bodies I'hcy burn their dead. It has olfr-n 1 ir.ics
hap]<ened in the Ifle uf Sarandio, where f''*rc is a Mine of
precious Sto^ • s in a Mountain, a Pearl I ^ , and other
Tare and extraordinary Things that m Imi af- would come
"Into the Buiar, 01 Market- j'laee, with his Kris, as they
call a kind of Cangiar th- y wear, mai''- .dter a very ].ar-
titular M.ir./r, and 1pi.": on the moll wraltl'.y Merchant
there pr-Iiiit, and holding his Kiis to his Fhrnat, leading
hiTTi by the Vdt out of the Ciry in t'le Midft ot a Thrimg
of People, v-li.'.'- not a Soul <A them d.ired attemju his Kel-
cuci for il any Attempt of this kind was made, the Indian
wai lure to kill the Mervluut. and nuke .iway w tli
himfelf : \Vh;n he had fnt him out ot tin* t ity.hc obligrd
him t') redeem hiinf^lf \s,t'; a Sum i,f Moiify. 'I'|-.i,
Outrage cuntiiuiirii, the K.iigs otilametl tlutluth Ind.tim
fh'julii 1-e fei/ed ; but when th^ came (o execute this Or-
d'T, the IiJiankiWt-d the M-ichant tirl*, aii^' then himlelt :
The 1 imc M: .tbrtuiM: Ix-tel inany (■ther Met' luinfs , and
after this Manner a Numlxr tx>ih ot /iiai>s and In-

many I

This Drink is made ol Palm-honey, boiled ana jrcpar-;
with 7ari (Tcddi) or Juice which runs from t'l Tr:.

59. Ciam-.n«< is the iilii.d Diverlioiis of the Inhabitirt
here -, they plav at Draughts, ar.d their oth-r ya::^:.
Pallum IS hghting ot Clicks wir.ifi are VC7 larjc a
IJiis Country, and lietter provided w.tii Spuri thar. Ln-i;
commonly are ; and, bclides this tlv I/iiiiar.s r.m tn:r.
with Blavies of Iron in the Form ot Largurs. l;r,
thefe Combats they bet (loM, Siiv.r, l.ai.Js, fiffi,
which are won by the (">wncr ot t .e Cuci; t!;jt :«:■.
They play all(> at Draughts, and venture great Sums ip
this Game, but witii luih lury, that thulc «!io hx:?".
where\sitlial, D;-haU' hees ^v\\ de(i>e:atc People, citrn pj
away the tnds of thar Fingers.

While they arc at play, they have a Fire by ih ", r..'.
thereon a Put ot W.ilnut or Srafi nc oil ir.:; lurr n)
Oil of Olives) and they piice a little, ;-ut vrry fr,r.'
Hatchet l>ctween them; when one cl tl.i,.i has wni
Game, the other lays liis 1 l.iiui \i\vy.\ a Stone, id t-t
Winner cuts off the F'.nd <■! tlie l.'U.'s Fingrr uithih:
Hatch-t, and the Patient dips the irjurcd Pait In'".-'
Uiiling Oil to cautctife the \V<)U".i, ard y^t the; a-;
Ihakc off this cvil Habit of g.im.mg ; on thct "i-JT'
they fometimes [vrlift in if fo obrtinarely and fo 1 'g,!.'.i;
l)ci«rc they p.irt, they have all tlieir fingers t:;'.:!""-
lated. Some ot them will take a Wick, and fo-w-iK n ;"■
Oil, apply It to foine Nl'mljcr, let Ine t) it, aiJ k'.-i
burn, fo that the Sunt uf f!ic burnt Flelh is fn.iltbyt.to
who play with t!iem, while the Parties themfclrax"'!
not tlie lealf Senie ol Pain.

There is mueh Drb.-iuchery in this Country, »'
amijiig the Women as among the .M; i, turti.cy ■'■■■--
umler no Rellraint. It run.s lo hii;.n, that ionKi..wji
foreign Merchant, lult arrived from .Sea, ihall Ici'-^' ■
the Daughter of a' King of the Country, and l-c -j
come tu him t.> the tilhing Grounds, with her luKi

»Tl«fci«r* manrmoikrn.'.u.li tiwlKHitrfl f\^ry tircumftince mentioned in thi. Accour.f ; but it muft b<? nclinowWgfJ, ffwbelii.e»^^""'^^ '
ttie«i<rl><" i »nil iiai ihe /..««i»i, v.\<o nfrt »,iii to Ui.iir „;!hlo iiuich Coiill.iticy on (utti ( iccafiunj, «rf nowcoi.rrni id ■'"" ''"'V|*',''.p
m.'if \.fe . a Jtvcnilic 'Aonwii. genrtally Inrikii ;;. »:c Ur f neojli fiom that >.[itii of Hrro.lm l"r which thri wtrr fo t.im..j.iii Wf'': ,
Tht) liij.n ilicmHrlvrt. iiidcci). wi-h th» lead Bodici . f tncir Huib.i!iJ', ji in rim«» p»(l, ijut not nith lo g'wl a Will ; r.m >*f"'W '".* - '
bui th.ll the I ultom i/l Ihtit Lunnuy, •nd tW: Pi.wfr ih. u Rtliiioni luve mtr thim. i.bTIge them 10 il , ,, ■, •-■

• li .iijwan. tl.i! llm ill. lid. whHh u Itnt ofi, ,;/.,, Im been m all Aj;cs 1-mo.i. (..i 11. immrnle Wfallh and Hithr '^ '<"''''';[■ "^„"'
Autl.or i.ffi.'on,. It it iiof .mjifiinhlf ihw the Pritll, . f ihn Co-jiur, init,M'pfl<lif< 'he Ume Art, »h ih ha. Utn iKcd .it St", '■''^"'"'J^,..'...
roo! er^a liiol of Clay aii.l Bt.t .-, vtry »itii';u!!y ^.li. v^!. ih w*.. i.,t man) Aff-" (um-oirJ to br puie Oi>U , tlioui;li ii muft be il!'«™. _" ^
•rr le» CouMnr>»«rt fiKi, » yii.len Imasr m -t- beiu.l.fj (w, ,,ili jjrc.tej I'robaWlitx, th«n 111 thii in««J, tlic Feojic ..a.ii; tHcn'""."^ ;•'
HkB.:'.^Uc 1m ikctr VSeaJtIi ti d then irM|.fii ...u.

Chap. II.

of the East Indies.

539

O'lil" nt and Privity ; wherefore tlic Mohmmdan Doftors
o! .V.n/ IhicUy warn y<mng People not to go that Way ■.

Oc(. In the hdki intn- are heavy Rainr, which tlic Peo-
ple of the C luntry call Jafara \ th-y laft three whole
Klonth"; during -Summer, incciTintiy, Night and Day, and
i: arce does the Winter Hop th;Tn. The hdiaiis, to the
b'll of th(.ir Abilities, prepare themft-lves againit thefe
Rams fninc '1 ime Ix-foic tliey fail •, and no foonercio they
come on, than they fhut themfclves up in their Houfes,
naJf ot Wood and .Jane, interwoven, and thatciieii with
1 iMVts ; they Itir not out during all this Time, ami no
Soul is ficn abroad, no, not even th>' Artificer-), who
iinw do their Work at home ; and dm uig this Seafon,
th'.y are llibjeft to fcvcral Sorts of Ulcers in the Soles of
thiir Feet, caufcd by the Damps. The Rains arc the
Lile of the hidiaiis ; were they to fail, tliey would be re-
liiKiJ to the uriTHjlt Want, for tluir Fields, fown with
Uiie, are watered only by Rains, and are renrieieil fruitiul
thereby i for if great Store of Water lie upon the Rice-
groii;ul'., they need no other Melp either from Indullry or
Art i biic hen the Rains arc plentifully poured down, the
Rice flcniriflics abundantly, and even becomes much bet-
ter in kind. It never rains in this Country in the
Winter.

6i. The hulitins have devout Men, or Doftors, known
by the Name of Uramsns. They have Poets alfo, who
f(ini['oie Verl'es, iluli'cd with l''lattery in Piail'e of their
Kn',[;s. They have all ) Atlrulogcrs, Plulofophers, Sooth-
i'.iyi rs, and NLn who oblsrve the Flight of Birds ■, and
otl'.crs who pretend to the Calculation of Nativ ties, pa'ti-
tul.irly at Kanuge, a great City in the Kingdom ^i
C'.z r \

In die Iiuiies tin re are certain Men railed Bicar", who
;;o .ill their Life-tinie naked, and iijfl'cr their Hair to
{.MOW till It hides their hinder Parts, and the relt of their
Body. They fuliir alio their Nails to gr )W fo ti:': they
bccuine pointed, and Iharp as S.vords -, nor do they rvi-r
cut thtm, but h.ive tluni to break and fall ofTas it hap-
pens; aiul this they obli-Tve as a religious Duty : Elachof
liKiii lia^ a String about his Neck, to which hangs an
lartlieii I'orringer, and when they are prelleil by Hunger,
tl.tV Hop at the Door of fome Imiiin Houfe, and thofe
Within immediately, ami with much Satisfaction, bring
oui Rice to them, believing there is great Merit in lb do-
ing, while they eat out of the I'orringer and withdraw,
r.iur returning to make the (anie Requcd, if not urged
thwitu by dovsiuiglu Want.

(>!. Tiie Indians have many I.aws, and religious Pre-
cepts by which tluy imagine .hey pKale tjod j of fuch
X'- tliefc it is written in the Knr.in, 'ihe ll'hhfd are wig/My
:>: Vruk, One Part of then Devotion conlills in building
oi A'.5«j, or Inns upon the Highways, for the Ace-jninio-
ilirio.i of 1 ravi llcis, wIrtc allii tliey let up a fort of Ped-
lars "f whom the PalH ngers may purehale whatever
th'.y may happen to want. ''.

They there aifo lettle pubiick Womci, fuch as are in
the Indies, who cxpoie themlelve.', to Travellers ; all
which the Indians number among thi.ir meritorious Deeds.
But they li.iv.: befides thefe in th-j Indies, puhlick Women
calletl H'omin of the Idol, the Origin of whofe Inftitution
is this ; wlun a Women has laid lierfelf under a Vow, that
(lie m.iy have Children, if it happens tiiat fhe brings foith
a hanlfom' Daughter, flu carries the Child to the Btd^
(fo tiicy call the Idol they worlhip) ami there leaves her.
Whin tiie (jirl has attained a proper Age, (he takes an
Apartment in this publick Place, and fpreads a Curtain be-
fore the Door, and waits the Anival of Strangers, as wqll
Indians, or Men of other Seits, to whom this Debau-
chery is mad.e lawiui ; Ihe probtutes hetllif at a certain
Rate, and dehvrs h<;r Gains into the Hnds of the Id(»r5
Prieff, to be b-y him dilpofed of for the Life and Support
of the Temple i. We prai!'; the Almiglity and GJijrioUs
God, w.'io hatli chofen ii- to be free of die Sins which de-'
lile the Man involved in Infidelity !

Not v.ry lar from /;.';>; ;,-y;'/, there is a famous Idol
called MiLftn, whith.r th"y refort in Pilgrimage from
the remotelf i'.wi-,, even tram Dill inces of feveral Months
Journey: .Some of ttie Pili^rims bring with tliein fome of
the OderitLioiis Wwad I Ltd. alCcuruni, lb called from the
City of r^/w,V(« ; wiifcie tliey ,, .ve an e.'ccellent Wood-
Alocs, velii'li ih-y oH'er to this Ido', dehnring it to
the Priefl ol tlie I'L-mple r'a: he may burn it bet!,re hit
God. Some ot this Wo(jd !■, werth t\ o Hundred Dinais
the Man ', and is cominoily m.irked witli a Seal to dillin-
guilh it from an<ithti Sort of tiie laine Wood, but of kfs
Value : It is ufual for M-itiu:u.-> lj buy it of tiie Idolatrous
Prietis,

(ij. 'I'herc are li!;ewile amoivr t'le IrJimis '..■\u\'\ Men,
who make Prut'eliioii ol'Piay, ;.i d wiiole Devo.ii.m con-
fitls >n leekinr"; after unknown I;n:-.d;, ur lucii a-, are i '.wly
dileovcred, there to p-Iant C'o> o:i- nit-trei s, ad to link
Wtllb ui Water tor tiie Ule of Sii j. ; tii.it lail to tii^fe
Parts. There are i'eopl • at Ow:w, win) erofi f.v, r to tie
Illamis that [iiuJuce C.jco i-i.tiL', eanyi",- v.il:i th"n> Cir-
penter's Fi-ol , and hav.;.T t iL-.i .'ij auh h y\'!;'jd ,;s '.!;ey
want, ti-.cy let it dry, aiM then llrijj off tlie Leav.t, pnd
with the iJark ot t:ie 1 ixe ih'.y I'p-iii a Yarn, wlKiewith
th' y it w th • i'ianks togulier, and lb b'.iild a Siiip ; of tho
fame WcKid they ait and round away >i Malt -, of the
I.^aves they weave their Sail>, and the Bark they work
into Cordage . I laving thus compleated tlieir N'elfel, they
load her with Coeo.i-i.ut?, which they bring and fell at
Oman. Thus it is, that trom ti.is Tree alone, lb many Ar-
ticles are derived, as lii.Hcc not oniy to build md rigg out
a Velltl, but to l.)..d luraiiliwhen flie is eomplcated, and
in a Trim tit to Sail'.

64. IheCouM y oi" l\\^: Zingcs w !\\)^roes, is of vail
Extent 1 they there coniuioi^y f.w Millet which i« the
chief Food ot the "^'egro.s. Siig.a' C^i.ts alli^ th y have,
and other Sorts of Trees, but tlu ir iugar ii very Ijiaek.

Thefe

t.;

"Thi^ Is very agrfcJiIc to tlwt Scvtrity of M.iniifts, far wliich the V-h.mmchiit wfre rcmark,ib!c in tlirCc cirly Agps ; nnd it (hews howcrrefij
l^'v Htit • > ^irili-tif tlic .\lor;iK of ihc \ K:i:\p'\ Icin of Pfoplc iiii("rri;pfrJ. It wai upon the liinic i'n ci. \- til 't t;"-' o'll .^^ :il,ins did not adniit of
11 V C (imnr-tc .,t ;ill, :!■. dt firing r.itlier to lir knoHti to VtnVrdy liy tin* F^ime of t,.f;r '.irtiies tliiii .1 tiKir Wc-.-i'tti ; I'n.i lieirg ivorc ail duous to
f ' l:iii to their Dc.ccndants I'lci'dom, and tlie I'owcr of ni.iintjining it, than fine P.i!acci ; and ihat .',bi!ity of living luMuioi ily, wiiich ends iooner
w liter ii: ihjc t Puciiy.

' 1 1.'.- I i-..liT h.iN lieen fo fully infornied of the State of the r-aJ-m.irs among tlif ni:cie-.t I;.i:a:i; .md <if the Cu'imur.itio, formed by (''fin lor
tW p''"'"' '.^cf Sciiiuc, th.it tlcrc 1> no Need ofii/illlng lonj, upon ihi- Settlement of the Hr.r :■,:,, uhicii, wiihojt doiiht, \> i; a l<cini>;.!:t cf ibmf
«.^-;if it l.i.viM.iy in the l.inic I'l.Kr. .^omeofiiie .■hali:nt Geogr.'.pher^ .ilfure a . thnt ihise'ity of the Vj/tay ll<s l.itwtfn two Kr.MChc- ol'the Rive:
'■' -■'/ iiuhe I.:itiiude ol .'-", :iihI in the longii'.idc tif r ^x". Other l'..illcrn V, riters inform us, Ih.it knnufeK iillii a Ro/.il eiiy. the Klngot \Uixh
I'.t A'.- :. f, iiccordii;g to tlir coiinnon Cu;loui of the Injiii. it i3 very ditlie..It to lay when or hort, this Knidotii ;iml Llnivctiiiy \sm ruined ;
priiciit it U very ilcn, that there \^ v.n luch KHablilhinent a- in the Text is mentioned.

■ ■ ..etc iiic i^o other thin the afliie iti-d B .;"i.'.j. or Indian Hlgrirn'. or Penitents mentiored by niofJ Tmvcl'er?, who rebte veir evtr.'crdmary
Thitif mill icijca to the Aiilleiliv of heir M.iniiers, and the .Sevi.ity nf their ren.inccs .'-<. the Reader will fee in the luii'e<;:int I'art oftiii> .iork.

' ll'eici.if in..i:y loui.il.iiiims'ct ihi- lo.t \n xV.e l':Mis, a'. welUs in /ii-S-, Prju, avi M' ulijiian ; not i,. nieiiti i tiic r.uny lU.'.iiul. i;iih«
'■■'^l.ir I'.ik ArinuK '/Vyir-,)!/ ol fcrve«. th.it the th.irity of the InJiar, of Ci.*!.,', coiifilU in digging ol I'its orfnkingoi Acilj.and in eren-
i Si.Nanihir of lin.ill Ccrcpt.iclr, im the lli^hu.ivs, for the .Afcommodalion of I'l.ivelleri

' Ihiv ill!, iiiousl'r, dice i ol ,.K1 Ihnditig in the kill //,r.-V'/i/i has a .Story of this kind of the Women, who prnnitiinl thcniftlv.-s in hononr of AA ■
'•'••'.', wild l,y iht An.ili'vy nf the r'.j.W,, mull be I'l/fui : and the '1 ents or l'aberp..c ej of thcle Women weie much lil-r thoie Jcle ibt., by our An-
'' or. Ii, .1 ■.,„.„ /. I, ^^,. ,^.,,j^ that the I'cople ef the Province ol' C.ji' .7,7, did i!)C fame Tiling, cvpoling their Wuiren in honour ol th< ir IJi.;.'.
Tj-, ri', fpei'isof .1 Pa^-.U^it Ca-y.h/n.J, wl.ither moll ot the Ccurtfzm ■ of the h.l,:, repair to m.ike their Ortirmg', and .M^. jhit o:d U<-
""\ >iho h.ivc (craped tovL-ilirr a .Sum of Mouev, bu) young female Sl.ivri, whom thiy train up to wanton .Song? aril D.iiice', ai-.d all ihi- Athire-
""' o( their infamous Ulluig : and tl. .t nhcn the tJIrls have atrained their e'cvcnth or twelfth Year, their .Milltefi, conduij tnem to ihi. l>ag-J,
iimlrr 1 NniMii ih.it it i, .i | iappi.^t'"^ fir them to be offered and dehvrred up to the Idol. , r • ,

' A- ihii kiid of Mor.cy is >crv oft n mentioned both in the former Treitile, ,ind in thiv it may not be nmiis to f:iv lomethi-g of its \ aliie •
Tiir IliiMr 1- of very lineGu'd and .iicordin" to the I'lopoition which that Metal beari miw to liiivcr. th.it Coin ought to lie r.Tl.outd at .i! out nn r
S' ■!■ ''Rs ; (u„„ uhnite «e cui.aive at onct the \ aluccf the LOFpet-.V.oney uf Ch,,.-,. lime a thonland ot the'e Copper Pieiei were e<l«.'.l (" V tocr.e
l"".ir i Itoni « heme u lolloi s, tlut nine of thele Piece of Cori>tT.M.,ney, called by the /•.(/.. I'.eu.. were w,.r;h alio.it fine pe iiny

' I 111' l'.iil pc is vi-r\ finiMlir but the IVls contained ihcrem are in> .inieft.ibly true 'J'he Oho,,. |ree furnilhe-. every thiiig n- eciTary for bu Ut. j
»ar:-,njjiuu,bh>p»'a.alv ulcd m tlie ;,;./«/, and tor a Cafjioe ot cui i.Jcribi* \ ai .x when budt. '1 he Body of the I'tic nrrill.c h.iiil;. iVlMi..

"f'l

!••

I-. ,t -■)■...

.... f.. ,^

s..d 'I'

»ii

I :

ilfft

!K'

qio The Difcovcry, Settlement, a»i/ Commerce

Hi':}

• I

'1:

■A

Thcfc Pfoplc have a Numhrr of KinR^ witoarc .ilway; at
^Var with caili othrr. AlKnit ihrir Kiti^^s they have ter-
t.iin Men ca!!a! Mt?f.>ar,im;n, 1-ec.iulc- liicii o\ them bore
tiieir NoCr, and wear tlirrrin a Ring : They have Chains
alfo fafti-pni ah-.it th-it Ntrks ami wlirn they are .it
War ar.i p-i:ig :■' flight, iliey each tak.- one l-'.iul i)t lin
ComiMrin:)'!! (.ham, anclph'it thro' the Kini; that haiij;.
under his Ni'fr -, two Mi ri \wlU this t hain, an.i U> pre-
vent the rel> trr>ni ac'.vanrinf; towards the I'.ncniy till IV-
I'litits linve been from Side to Side to negotiate a I'eaie •.
whirh if n '.•. ronvhidfd, they take their Chains about tlieir
Necks ap.-m and retire without tif,hti;:j; : Hut wlun they
once lx'i;,;i to inifluath the Sward, not one Soul ot them
quits hi-; I'olK t>'it remains tliire 'till he is tlam.

Thrv have all of them a pi i4ound\'enrration tor the , kah,
and u her ti -yehaneeti> ft e any ot them they (all down
before hi;n, tnd rry, t!ll^ Man comes from the Kir.'^dom
when- !!nurirtie! the l')at.--!-)earin!; I'alm, for they -■ vc.y
fond r.f l")atcs. Amont; tliefe People there arc I'rcadv.rs
who harangue them in th.eir own 1 ongiie, nor may the
Catebs or Ofafor^ of any other Nation whatfoeV( r, be
compared with ihrm. S'vme of theic rre-f.ls a reliiMous
I.tfe, and are cn-ered with tlv Skin of a Leopard oi j\\k-.
On-, if tliele Men with a Si.itin his Hand, Ibali prefent
hinif;if before them, ami h.ivinft gathered a Milniude of
Pfople about him, preach all the Day lor;', to them. He
f|if3ksof God, and ireite? the Ai'hons ot their Coiintry-
ineii V lio .lie gone lyjore th'ni. I-'rom this Country tht y
bring the leopard Skins called Zmpiet, f[X)tted with red
artd Mack, very vjrrat a;vl bmad.

( ;. I;i this fan-.e Sea i'- the lO.md ofSocclra, whence come
thcii-r.'.'r.H .-Vlix-i. 'I'hi' iil( 1; s near the 1 and of '/-in^n,
anfl nar alfo to the Countiy of the /Irabs, and mn[\ of ir>;
leha' i'ar.ts are C'hril^ians, whi' K is tiiiis .lecc.unteil tor.
W?,^n .1..'xj'iJ:r fubi'urd the Kri^'lom ot' the Prr/lans,
III* Preceptor Jrijlft'f, to whr.n he had by I .ctters con-.-
TiJUr.icated his Conquefts, \vr,::e back to hiin to dcfire,
that by ;;'.! Means he v.-oi.; 1 f-ek alter tlf IHand ot Scccira,
s^hich s!^>rccd Alor, an e\•c:•llc!^t Pnif^, and with' i.t
which t'.iry co'j'.d not iiiak* up the tainiiU-; Me.iuament
railed llitr.i : That the bvif W ay would be to reiiv.vc the
Ir.h.ibitant". tlifncr, and i..'Kad of them ['!ant a Colfn.y of
G'-.-.Ij, lUr they might l''-nd .Wxt ir.tn .v-.t.m, Gnfit and
J?0//. Accordingly .■ilix.vtJtr \p.\t tlie n'telVary Onlers
to difj^inifj the Inh.ahitanf. ni d to lettlr a Colony ot
Grti^' in tht.ir .Stead. Tht n he rommantted the Kings ot
tht ,N'.tions who divided hi.s Fmpire after he had flam the
Ore at ncriu.\ to execute th- Orders he liad ifilied otit for
the Prrfervaticn of tlief- Crffh: : 'flry remained tii' n a- a
Gi.Tirun ii;v)n this I'bnd, til! CrA fent JFSl'S CI IKIS P
into t.'ic World. When the GVere' of this lame lilc l>ciiig
inFo.'med thcnof, rmbractd the Chril'.ian Faith as t!;-
oij-. r Grffkj had done before r!"-m, and in the Piolefllon
of t'i.s i'uith, have they p'tt-vered to thi^ D.iy, as wi II
as a'il t!ie Iril..abinint<; of th- other Hies.

In the tcnntr liock, no mention is nade of the
Sea vshitli firetehes av.ay to the right, as Slni>s part
fr'.m Owtfif and the Lo.'A of Arabm, ro laun h into the
G-ta: S .1 ; liut the Au:nor delt-ril>es only the S( a on liic
1/ f;, An-\ i'l which is rompreh.-nded the Seas of JnJia and
Cbita, v\hith he feenis to iiavt partiudarly had in lii^ b.ye.

Book I.

In this Sea, wliich is .xs it where on theUipJ,t of 1),^/
iiiis as you leave (hmin, in the Country ot Ihar or % "'
where Fiankinccnle ^rows, .and the otlurCourtiiiv"''
Ics'd l>y tf.e Nations of QJJ, Hc.mer, •jojhm and l!r
tela. I he iVople in this Countiy have the Soiina i,T ','u
tic ot very antient Date, but \\\ many IlnnjTj ^\^^i'
tiorii whar is the 1 lands of the .-/r..7.j, aiiU tont^i'irff
many Trad.itions to us unknown : IJuy have no Vi'l r •
and they \ia\.\ a hard and a very mileralilc Lite'.

The Countiy they inhabit, extends almuH asfaris,/^,
anil 'Jutiii.t, upoiuhe Coall \ji iemcn w .iraltalttHci^^.
'•■oin JUiiJ,i It llretches uji into the Cuntiiicnt ,ts far a't^e
Loall ol .Vyr ,.i, and ends at Koizum. ThiSeas iiithis Port
divide by a Slip ot Land, whiehUotl hasfixM asJ[,ii.o,•
Scpa^atlon between thelc two Seas, as it is w.'itttn in tiicA«.
rjn : From Koizum the Sea flrctclies alon^ the Coaft of
the Bjrb,ir:ans to the Wetl C'oalh, whiLi, is oppo.lf [»
Ionian, and then along the Co.ill of A'.thwpu; '\n^
whence you have the leopard Skins of &rwrv, 'whicli
are the Ixll ot all, and niott ikilfully drctTciJ ; j'ml Uliy
aloiit; the Ci^lt of ZaUb, whence you have Ambor and
I'ortoilc-Shell.

When the ,S"/r<j/ Ships arrive in this Sea, which is to
the rip.ht of the S<.'a of India, they put ir.to Juiii, «hiTc
they remain, tor their drgoc is tlinice trapfprtcd to Kt-
I'ira tor Cairo) bv Ships ol Koizum, wiio arc jcq'iwid
With the Navij^ation ot the Rt,i-6cj, wliuh thole ol iV./
d, •'•e not atteinpt, becaiile ol the cxtreani Danger, ij
le tins .Sea i.s full of Roiks at the Waters 1m!i;;i b«-
c....le aho, ii|>on the whole Call t!urc is no Kini>s', or
tcarce any inh.ibited I'lace ; and in lii:e, became s.i,,^j^.j
every Ni(;ht oblii/ed to put into luinc I'laccof .Saka, lot
Fear of l\riking upon the Kocks. 1 lity laij in the Div.
time only, and all the Nit;ht ride fait at Anchor. Tim
Sea moreover is lulijiCt to very thuk Foj^s, a.-, J tu vwltp!
iiales ot Wi;id, and to has nothiiii] to rctoiiinicnJ itaihtr
within or without.

(i(). It IS not like the Sea of InJu or ot C/.m, whol;
FVjttom h mil with Pearls and Ainbcr-grriw, wx'
Mountains of the Load arc ftoied wiili dolil wulpiMoa
Stones, whole liuli)lis breed Creatiacs that vitliilvor^-,
and aiiiorj; the Plants ot whole iiliores aic lijoiiy, K;\:.
WihkI, the Wood ot llairzan. Aloes, Carnphiii, .Vut-
megs Cloves, Sandal- W(xiit, .11;, 1 all other .*<r'i\-, a:,!
Art)maties ; where I'arrots and Pcacivks are liirJ.'.o; lit
Forrelt, ami Mulk and Civet arc collected u[K)n tlicLanii
In limit, lo pKxiuctivc are ihole Shores of incitobit
Thiniis that 11 is imp.()Hible to rcikonthrin u;)'.

.Anibir-t',rce< e which is tiirown upn the Coall of !.';.!
fame .St a, i?, wallud to Sliore by tlie Swill ; It Ki;ir,siQ
be toiiiul in the Indian Sea, Init wdtnce it co:iKsai.>
known. We only know, tliatthe Ultof it is thruwui.;.!
the liatbary Coall, or upon the L'onfmcs of t.':f Li '
of Nfj^rocf, towards Sthar, and Places thcrcaUxiri 1: !
(i| a liluilli-white in round Luii)p'>. Tlic Iiih.iDiunliO!
thisCoiir.try have Camels trained up tJ tlu- Bufiii.ov .1
they mount, and \^o in Search ot it by Moon-!h: ■, : !
ride for that I'urpole along Sliore. I'iicle CJ::: -
l)rokc to this, and aslixin as tliey perceive a i'.af > ; A •
fvr-gTeccc, they ben J their Knees, and ilicir Kiucr p-as
It up'.

A«ct»ir.i.i^(Un. 1 iui Subri»ott 1 Lf 1 1 i«aj, »i.ii.tn.'vrn llx Nur, anJ nUhnuy be drawn out inJ Q-un, mate* ihf mo.1 Mce>".i Cfr'
mth« VVoriJ, iii.Jni;ch .> r ntver <1«.. • m Jic 'A airt 1 iic Anili.t, jrc i.oi tn be UillrJ ..f. but iliry fcrvc writ ri.nigli Ur hCxSn-
I >"..)- in It. •«ul»n.n ttriifMct.'. Uv ,:,.ri . kinJ ..I \V.i;c ; ujirii lour mi -n occllci.l \ incijll, .ji.d diltillr.l, il aff.ni. i lull, pIciUi::!
i.osruw.. M.I t.* Imwf.iunM u( (he .\Uuhu4i, li.bia liiiillv on ihcii 1 r^ilr m Cixiw-i.uU, Coi.o» fUl. ai.J iJie Coi6£'-, mije (10... ' '■ •"
IW ' li.ml.tlere .it »i,. u, tht) ait better O.iilcl m lt...n ..iiy oilxr I'w.i.lt 11. ll.c /W,,/.

' I tie .ir^i, \KU>\f lilt k„ at, ht,e»iui» I tiiiiiKmj leui.ngi., lU .l/»/^«./».4J» Rclioion. wtiicli tlify rrcciveil from the (.ompno- «
I'mphti an.; Uxt J>ricij>iri ; \nm il*le 1 ra.:.iion> «i.o .Stotiri. il.«y (..rin Uk- U-nly oj tlior !»«iia, wluch tl. rirfoic i^ vfty iM(\M\n JiirtW"
inxrs.i otonii uic •xiCiM 01 1.,; (•„.,., JiHci tium tl...iol iht ,/,„i,a.., bulllulol liic .//'.„.i<u vjriofroiir tlmlof .V',.,j, an.il.'ie./rJ' • '

lA-ic.l II. a WolU, t ,1 Soiuu. HUH Hrl(»(ti., Cl* /»/.. ,

'tJufi, I. [iriiy Mir the Unic 'I liNigwiili ihr TjImLj uiiiong tht J/u

»<*>. '.. iJut • >iere »rc !•> n.ii.y .iilirtti bta». uui lui ii » \ »i:, ly .,( Ivbutou. N.itioii.-. jiiior.;:! tlie IVoflc of both Krii-i.mi

• , r>u.» II .....cf > Mt> ii...yi,l,«i.i. .,A a ,rr. ,ui! Aiii-ui.t uf !i,c Acjli!...l ihr /w,„." and it rruvr-. i. iv i.Lir.U , tlut icirrcii.y P.sflO ■■.f

tWTBi .=1IW4 . Ifoni itK ./ ^, tl lU.. !-,„„ , f„ ,f.^, „,^, ,g„^ vv „ur. tt(H„: ol the D.lij;n. fortnfJ by t)« lthili*iaiid .^alum of ^p/'.' •*

ihWHr.vnM «« ..MhcCuiiiw. J /.;.-. aiUori,,.! lU i.UrU-.. tuth .,011...,;. mil a^url or .ncrt.l.l)lc

r\mltr \fcetM, n u iicugki m br *ic.ir \mUr-nntc, n avrry o. h IVr.unK. jiui it ii tcrtiin, tial ihcrc ii more of it. and m Rtntcr Wf.
c /.<,4« -.., Ii«nm..iiy ru,rr.,tiirW,or\\ inO Ihiwit is f).i...td, ot Jiwtmh«i,).c it loiixcs ;■- .>ifrrat Start toui u it iiu ;o liif .■•^•
I diarimiCrtOiut, u« dm; yxcy, lighi grry. bUk iiti rrj . Imi tj,r (inl i. llic moll dlfrmcd, as luuni; bv f .r tlir rK'.rl ^.cri V. ,.,. -

I
ot

. p.:t'r,| 11, U l!(;t.)jl»i 11, !' ,1 MjlM.tl'lly I ,,in£l,.

iniprlulilo , tor the Ul! AmIjeijrcfcc m t!ir W..j1J i. diiifn tin"''"
j;; ■.lUt.U u oui at a yr.-.t DuUutr, -iJ run luiituilj to liic '•V-'ic m n-

i I

(>liap. II.

of the E M T I N D I E

54^

1 here 19 anoclici- lort, wKn.li Iwims in great Lumps
,;.oii !licSurt'ai.c ot ilic Sea, tilinoll like the Budy ot an
()x, or .1 littif IlLs, ami wtigli a gnat deal. Wlu ii a cer-
ijiii I ifli "1 lilt-" WhalL-kiiid, calli'ilTrt/, fees thcli: lloating
l.iiau s li*^ i'waliows the fame, and is killed thereby : Then
il„y In the Whale lloating upon theSurt'ace, and inllantly
tin Mm wlio are aLdillunicd to this kind ot'Filhery, and
liiiow when thcic Whales have rwallowed Amber, go out to
him ill their Boats, and ilariing him with Iron Harpoons,
lh;y tuw him to Shore, where they fplit him down the
Back anil take out the Amber ; what they find alwut the
Billy oi the Creature is commonly fpoiled with the Wet,
anil contrafts an unpleafant Stent '.

You may buy the Bones of this Fifh of the Driiggifts
of Bigdad and Bajfora. The Amber which has not been in-
fcflcil by the Ordure in the Belly of the V\ hale, is pertee'lly
:-ouil : It isa ullialThingto make Stools c^'the yertebra: of
till' Back Bune ol this \\ hale, called Tal. 'I'hcy lay, that
ma Vill.i;;eten 1 .eagiics from Siraf^ called Tain, there are
(iM lloulb neatly enough l)uilt, the Lintils of svhofe
Poors are of the Rib ot tiiis Whale. I have heard a Per-
I'un fay, that tormerly one was thrown upon the Coall not
very tar from Stmf, and that going to view him, he law
I'lople getting upon the Back of this Creature with Lad-
ilcrs, and that the I'ilhermcn cxpofed him to the Sun,
nicid away his I-'lefli, ami having digged a Pit, gathered
up the Greafe which was melted by the Sun, and that
having drained of!" all the Oil, they fold it to the Mailers
of Sliips. This Oil mixed up with another kind of Stuff,
In uft with Seamen, ferves for calking of Ships to fecure
the Scams of the Planking, and to ftop up Ixaks. This
Whale Oil is a valu.ible Commodity, and produces
gnat Sums of Money.

67. Our Author prupofing next to fpeak of Pearls,
breaks out tirll, accordinsi; to the Cullom ot the Arabs, into
the following pious Soliliniuy, vhich I would not omit,
becaiil'c i: is a kind of Charaderiflick in their Manner ot
Writii;;^:, and may enable the Reader to account tor I'uch
Apoltroplus in other Pieces ot this Nature. Let us be-
tifc wc Ipeak ot P L. A R L S and the Manner ot their
Kirm.ition, magnify the Cireat G O D, who in Wifdom
has crc.U'il all Things out ot Karth, and l"o filhioiied
living Creatures, as that they produce their like. Wherc-
nrctor ti.efe Things which we know, ar.d tor many more
■.v!iich we know nor, all (ilory he unto the Alr.iigluy, and
ill Reverence paid unto his moll lioly and tremendous
Name.

IVarls liegin to be tornied of a Suhllanre at I'lrll lijine-
w!iat like the Plant called Anjedana, being in Si/.e the lame,
in Colour and Ligure [>retty much alike, fmall, thin, and
tniJtr, jull like the Ixaves of this Plant ■, at lirll it fwims
' rbly on the Surface anil (licks to the Sides ot Ships iimier
\>.iter, where in Time it hardens, grows, and ;j,aseover-
iil with a Shell. When ihefe Oillers Ix-come lieavy, they
till down to the Ikittom of the Sea, where tiny liililill.it-
tcr a Manner t') us unknown. 'I'Ik y apjie.ir no "ilicr
i!an a Piece of red Llelh, like the 'l ongue towau'.s the
Root, without Bones, Sinews, or Vein.s.

But there air various Opinions touching the Produdi-
011 ot Pearl:., tor lonu- lay when it rains rhe OiiUrs rile
iij- to tlv.- Sort... e, .liid that gaping, the Diops .;1 Water
tliey catih turn to Peails. Othn-s hold, they are gmeraied
in the t)iiuTs themlelves, which is mull likely, and is
conliiiiKd by Lxperiei.ce i for moll that ate louiid in

Oifters are fixed, and move not. Wl«n they are ioofe the
Merchants call them Seed Pearl: God alone knoweth how
this Matter is.

68. Now this is the mod wonderful Thing we have
heard concerning the Sublicence of Oillers. A certain
/Irab came tormerly to Bajj'or.i, and brought with him a
Pearl worth a great Sum ot Money ; he Ihcwcd it to a
Druggid ol Ins Acquaintance, and, ignorant of the Value
thereof, alked him what he thought of it.' I'he Merchant
telling him it was a Pearl, the Anib a.'kcd him what he
thought it might be worth, and he valued it at a hundred
Pieces ot Silver. I'he Arab much allonilhed at his Words,
afked if iuiy Perlbn would be willing to give him what he
had laid it was worth : Upon which the Merchant counted
him out a hundred Drams, and with this Money the Aral>
purchafi d Corn to carry back into his own Country. The
Merchant on the other Hand brought the Pearl to Bagdad,
and told it at a very high Rate, which enabled him after-
wards to deal very conliderably. This fame Merchant
declared that lie had examined the Arab touching the Ori-
gin ot Pearls, and th.it he dehvered himfelf to the follow-
ing Etfeft: " I was going along, faid he, by Saman in
" the Diflrift of Bahrein, not very fiir diflant from the
" Sea, anil upon the Sand I fiiw a dead Fox, with fome-
" thing at his Muz/Je that held him faft. I drew near
" and liiw a white glittering Shell, in which I found the
" Pearl I took. Hence he gathered, that the Oilier was
" upon the Shore, driven thither by Temped, which very
" often happens. I'lie Fox pafFiiig by and leering at the
" Meat of the Older, as the Shell dood open, jumped
" thereon, and thrud in his Snout to llize the Filli, which
" in its Defence doling, locked him faft, as has been faid i
" for it is a Pioperty ot theirs never to let go their Llold
" of any thing, except forcibly opened by an Iron Iq-
" llrunient at their Edges."

This is the Oilier that breeds Pearls, which it as care-
fully keeps as a Mother her Ciiild .vhen therefore it was
leiifible of the Fox, it withdrew as to avoid an F.nemy,
and the Fox feeling himfelf fqueezed, beat the Ground
on each i land till it was dilled and fo died. The Arab
found the Pearl, and (ioel would have it that he fliould
apply himfelf to the Merchant, a very happy 'Lhiiig lbs

him ',

oy.

let in

Price,

I'he Kings of the fiidies wear Ear-rings of Stones
precious Gold. They wear alio Colors of great
adorned with precious Stones ot different Colours,
but elpecially Green and Red -, yet Pearls aie whit they
mull elleem, and their N'ahie I'urpaires that of ali other
jewiUi tliey .vt pielent huaid them up in their Treaiiiies
with their moll precious L'hings. The Grandees of their
Court, the great OHicers and Captains wear the like Jew-
els in their Collars ' i they drels m a half Ved, and carry
.ill Umbiella i.' IVMCocks Feaiihers tofliade them from the
Sun, and are lui rounded by thole ot their Train.

1 lien are certain Indiana who never cat two out of the
fame Dili) or upon the lame Lable, and would efleem it A
wvy gieai Si:, it they fliuiild. Wlien they come toSirafft
and .lie mviteil liy any of the conliderable Merchants
who aie in iliac City, they mull though they are a hundred
in Number, each l.ave a leparate Dilh, and without the
itall t oiiiihiii.iialioii with the veil. The Kings and Per'
loi s of Iw.Ji ni'.iiiiy have trelh 'I'ables made for them
every D.iy. to^!; tliei with little i")ilhes and P'.ias vsuve of
the Cuu.a II .1 l.e.il, m which they eat what is pre^a,...

^ ' The Abbe Stoaujit in luv N jit> ujion thi/l'ira'ifi', Iju'^ki. very (i:gh!'y of this ,-■ oiv,
Ciule fur (hi, Surjiiiion : S.iitf this U>n ot' Wtulc u very oltcii C.'uikI in tiie // ' //• Iniii.n. nm
i-t Anibt^grcfcc arc taken out ol il- (nl<. It is .ilfn very etrt: :m, th.t iho" thir IhH li ;I..
bitii li«|.iriitly lound oil the Shore cvca of our own lil.imh. .i^ well .is in lon.e "'her )' itf-
' I mull lonlefn ihi> StoiT fceim to im- l>y fii the nic.ii;iil I'.ill' •.e 'ii tlie rtliolr Wi.i ■,
Bui, ■

.1' i! I'l-cm/ !& liiiil: i: i'il>uIo!!«. '( here is hoiciei m Ibit .->?
■iliii erpceiull; cii the Co.iii of TJi •m.v./a;, nr. J v.ili Qu .mu.es
I'c iliinir i> foiin i iii tlic Imiiiii-Siai ; yet Ar.ibcrgrici'i' h.iS

<<t/\'ii%l', imJ III .I'OTivAa it is very commnr.

,.ti.l i'il I'll' Kciuafl> u)M)ii Pear!- .uc verv lowaiul tiilliiig ;

'I nil- l.ime lime it nmil be .'I'viwt ■!, t. iit we know itiy liiiic inorcalmut chiin, ih.ii' ntlur ti.o .Ancients or the .ir.ii'i. Wh.it lecms to he rtigll

Jiuhaliie IS, th.ii |'<

i.i tl -

.lU.ia^ Proileci; of anv I ill''

t ti'cy .ue .HI iricj;u!ar aiij ateiiltiiLii Prn.lui^iion, iii'c.iiioiit<l
u- hut is. ili.it wiii'ii .Aiiinnl >i.bllaim'.. begin ti lurrupt,
I er. lii.it I'eatl C)i,lers are not eatable, but tough, laiUlcl-,

by whuh 1 mean, tli
ty ionic Infiiniiiy ot Uife.ife in the HiV I am Icil lo ihi'. Noiion finm two Kf.iuin-
fl'fv iommoii:> Ij.ine, i.hiili iieihar-- in y be the 1 H'eCt ot loiiie mtelliiic Woiion, iI
l.ni VL'iy unwiioll'oihe.

' the I'riiius aiul the chief Inhaliil-inti of thefe Countries, vsere by this Time Inii r .'.cqii..inte<l with the N.iture .inJ Value ol ail iorls of prtti-
Ciu, Sioiitj ih.m lorinetly they h.ul been, ar.tl ef thefe they hail oi ai! kniils Iciii tin- ".i.nes in the 111.. ml ot (.'r )/,.«. It i: icniarkr.lile that ihc Ji.:h
hiu Imt one Wura lo liitiif} tohiureJ Stones, whiih is J'..,-;;.', or y.icui, whi' n ilm'ily fpeaking tignilies a jaimth ; bui to vary this, and to iciiJer
(tejpteHneol Ruble-., i.iiU'mIjs, and b..[ihires. they add the Name of the C-ohiur to tlie Stune. It will lie proper to ni.ike two ReiniMks upo.i
ihii .Suhjea hef re tteiiave It . Thefniiis, that our .Author is peiteftl^ in i..i- right in his Obfervation, that Pearls aie more eileenitd in /v..'<.i than
t^'uy other P.iruof ihe VS'orlJ, and th.lt they are ITorc i.ilueJ ti'.ere m Pi(;','orlio.i. than any other kind of |ewei:. Out letoiid Olileivation is, as
' il'fciirt.nii^l'.nier.iUK thither from l-rtft, which i>a ve-y pi.. in Proof i.: u.e I'luth of wh.it wc hav» often itleiied, ■lii tlial iht^c brone* are not
' kIIv l'1-.i..r.iii^ 1 Ificiita', t).ougli ihey iiiav, and injc'cd do very o.'UMi come to us from the Kilt.

N !.■ M u. p. 6 y lof

;; ■ r '^ I! .:,

mm-

■i'3:;-

■r^

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.-.<■ 1^

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■:; i.

i*f

r' ■ I

IS-

rli

!;'■• j

I i

t* ■<

^f .^r

Diiancry, Settlement, rz//// Coirimcrcc p^q^k ,

t'loir SirfilU-ncf, .iiul tluir Meal once ovrr, they
,^.ow the r.il Ic, the Pilhfs an.! I'l.iti.s into the Water,
I ; t':;;T witli tlu- l'i.iu,i!ui-.ts th.y li.ivc l.ft. 'lluis ill
ov^rv Meal thtv have ;i new Service. To the India they
.(.rnieriy cam 'd the Pinais nilK^I Sir.h.it, or_ (JoKI
l-i ces nfthi ><^.'m/anil the 7).'«(ir, which ihi to palVeil lor
tii'cf ot" ovrs ami even more. rhitli<r all') are c.irrieil
KmrraliU Jmm /O'/"/, which ire let lor Rint;s.

70. rhtle twi aiithriitick I'leics are of very great I'fe
in lillmn lip tlii". IVikkI (.t /';./(.;« lliliiry, ol which, till
thry appca:.\l, we hail t.o M( ir.oirs at all, h i» plain
irc'DiXh trom the Account {^ivdi lis by tlie lirU .Author,
that Voy.'pes trom S:ii'f to Clmti were ii.it very Iretiuent,
Ml aNnit hi'i I'lnv, lor oth'-rwile he wciiki not have ilc-
fcnbrd thit Navi^-ation lo partuularly. Hit it apin-ar^ no
leK clearly trom the reeoiul Treatile, that ih'le lo-u; Voy-
a^*. were ;^,rown into iniii h '^rviU r I'lc lictwt en tlic l"iine
t.'ie !inV Vi.y.ii;e was m.tilr, and this C'oninniitary iiixin it
w.js iir.wn up', I'dt oiiKTWile tlie Hcond Wni^r would have
K-cntiiit imlirtirently iurniflKii with M.iteiials, \sherr.is
we find that he l*ixx! in no foit ol Want of thrin, luit v.aj
al 'f to neiuion the \oyagrs ami I'lavels ot four or five
riift". p-nt I'erfons into (.t:na ai\\ the /«,//>.', cxckilive of
the Autlu' , \\t ofe N'oya;;" (;ave Oicafion to this I'JMcourl .
! '.'• ir.uil rtmarkahit ol thcfc w.is h.btn If-'ahah, whole
A('v< ntiin.s are eqiMl'\ lingular .iml inlbuC'tivr, lii.cefnini
t!;;:n 1; K very cvulent that the Chinrff I'lup'Tor, to whole
I'rt fence he was ailinitteil, had, as we ohl'erved, very per-
t.-c't hitrlli '.iiice as to the Ji'.i:jh, Chrjlutn^ and Mobam-
v1iu.11 Kchgions, ami as to the llillory of their Founders
and l':ot\inatotJ. We might inderd fulJK/l the Tnith n|
!:, s, it'rhe:ewerc not lome other Cm uniHances in tins
■■"ircc'.irrc which rtndcr lh( ni not only j.rohahic ln:t rert.i;ii.
I mean th'- l>elViuetion of the Capital of China at tti.u
I'lnie, wh.cii cur Authc'r c.ilK the City ot Cumdan, aiid
wliicli without Poubt was no other than .V.;v^i;, ami {.'.;«■
,'■. or Crtiticn, 111 which (i) many Th.oufind JewSy Clr-lli-
.. -'. and A'/oif'Jww.'/iiw were flain', a clear l).nionllration
iha' Miiltimdcs ct all thefe Religions had ken lutig Ix torr
Ir'.iit ' in that Ivn-jiirr, and conlcqwtnt'y the Chn'/e Mci
lurth h.id It Mhf in his I'ower to be wcii acquainted with
all th^ I'aitinJ.us iK-forenientioned.

Ncithi r d(X' th^ Fact lland e"!iitly uj^on the Credit ot
tht«i Treaiilr, ("inee an ancient Momimrnt has k-cn dilco-
vercit m Chin.u which plainly proV"< that Chnflians Ironi
.Vvri.t we;-: f'ttled fh'TC in ancii nt Tim(-s •, tiioii{',!i none
wfu to k- found when ihr flrft rMvrllcrs from Awj/'i-
went ihii her, whicli is a^ l^n.r^ 4 Co iliimatirni ol the
■fnith ol whit cur .'Vuthor n lates. as in the Nature ol
rhtvgs c.in j^olTib'y be expected. The MtlTionaries alio
that were M\ lent to China founil tliere vifihlc Marks of
Chnlfianiiy. thtrtrph thry found no Chnftians. Vhc'Jr.vi
l-.ave Ucn lettltd in t.'iat F.mj'ire fur Tune immeni'^'ial,
a-'l many of th-in ti'i the Sake of Ritlicsand iVeii rineiit
have abjured then own Reli;'!on, and rmbraced the Op,
nions of the U'iiffe, whirl is alk) an uniiutftionablc Ar-
Ijimt-t ot rhc Truth of t)uk- Relations.

We may add to this th' Cojilorr- >'y Ixtween th' .Ac-
loiinrs given by our I'ravi ]■ r- and t.' i lieft Clntrf: llifio
rie<, whu :i nivtr amid hav ,'-app .'led, if the ^'Tjiv. ■ h.*,!
tiot twn ;n rvrry Rcfpn'l .'gr eah!'- to Tmth. .\,i thjs is
not only luppjrted by oui Krviwiedj^v ui many ol the

into Dihii;., On thr whob tiicrcfor.' wr rx^^ faffi,,^
that thelir 'IVcitilrs are fiT Irnm .ill jml (mnm',''iiT'
picion, aiul ought to k- reganled ai ilie.,ul,(.|u'ir
Accounts wr have of tim Fiiipire and it'. Inhahitar.r^ " '
They an' confidered in this Light, 01 very urn- lv
in many Rclpeds, but more cfpecMlly in rorr'etlv. 1 ■

f'y Aiithi

I'.rrors that have been introduced ,,y ;\iit(,of^ .>
jx-mlfd more upon their own Coiiiei'Hirps tluVo ''
1 .ight th-y received Irom {-.Xfienenre, endeilTonri '
[KiW upon their Rt-aders, their Noti'ms of rhinp^

Civdit, ol which it

A',
Jt"i;,:

)re kiihy th.in the I'/;,- ., '
ilealant Scent, Kit ('n'X.

, tor liy t:,e rdliniopy of rhe oideft ()f~ou.\a-
who «loi-s not fpeak ot it as any new Thir.g, U

ol uniloiihteo v.r^iiii, 01 wnicn it may not Ix ii;r
give a lew Inllanccs. Oir Autlior is thr olJcf^ "I.', "''
dciKl almoll tlu only jirjlr.n, Writer th.it meRti-^^
ChiHtjc Drink, fo univerf.dly iifed in our Days •"*
Etiropft nml known by the Name of T(,i " -''" ""'
it is an Herb or Jihrub, more [
n.itc-tree, and of 3 more [......ai., .mm, rut iv ,1

bitter to the Taltc. That the r(7«c/|ni|\vj[.j' ,^,
l^iiir it in fcalding hot upon this l,(.if, '.,,,,1 that thiil '.'
Hon prrlerves tiiem Irom all Dil^cnipers. T,Vs ,"'l
fure, IS an imjxrrftct I>fcription ; Init it i^ puir, c- '„,"'
to evince, that nothing c-an Ix? meant init the 1';^^, t !
know by the Name of fcrt -, the fame with thi linr
rtrti, or S:ni of th; Orientals.

i he Trc whuh liears this Leaf is hut ftri!! r'
(Hifrht to Iv- reckoned atnnng Shnitv It h.n a dd-'-
kind ol violet .Scent, is bitter to the Tulle, a'ulitMo7
mon for them who a:;- fond ot it, f imagine it doth ihr
pootl, and pielervetii their I le.ilth. |r is ctrtam |V,
that I ather irr;;aiu - is milhki n, when he ima-irs j"-
but ot late D,iic amnnRll the CHrffi-, htr.iule th^r.-Vrli'
ns he l.ivs, .inv (. harnf er ni r'u ;r Tiin:^uc to fnr.'''v '

Dunk

thop-,

as an ll-rb very iinieh in A'omie wirli tlxm 1 iiav, lot'-,.:
l)(;'ree, that the I tnperor thought tit tn |,iy a Diityuixj
it ■, It appear^, that the Cl'Wfff h.ivc hern aJJiciciho ,;
alxn-e eight hundred Yrai-s. Nor is it rcTiblc !o S\"!,
with Pi_h\ tint it !;rew a l->'-g Time will, anili,:,,
tiv.ited, or that ih, CbiKr':\ or J.ipcnr:; hav: U..-. L:
lately acc)u.iintcd with its Virtues anv! the Mir.r.er ct ■ :
jianng it, which, he (ay-, he was toU hy foir.e C,.
Lommaiivler, who had been a lon^ Time in the Cour::v
I-.ither Miir.'.-n:, who has wrirtin more atcurattiy ,;
Chn.i than almoll any other Perlun, fays no IbchTiir.
He .jlliires us, th.it ir grows piiiiciiLirly in tl-,;TVv!ict.
\','it'j/»i.«, or jVi/.w,';, wli! re the bell ol it is. It is, r
he, .'i 'mall I. rat, perfectly like fl..i' of the Rk ,
ariMs, or Sumnc ol the Curriers. It ^rows not «;!i:, k;
is domcl<K, and lultivated, nor v-, it a Trei, biita. '•!;:. ,
whivh liircads out in little Brai> hcs, witli a Blofltrri v:y
nnith like that ot the .Sum. ic, rxi pt that t'r forxc .r
fHcfs niore to a Vcll'^w tliin tlie iatrer. Itb!.raif.::
in Summer, when it emits no f»'rat Scent; the: i: jtii
OUI a Berry, wh.ch is lirlt green, ant! afttnv.ir.ls ;4ii;\
In 'he .Spriiif; It is when they gather the I«f to :;u'.
thctr •lihit, tor then it is moll liKuilcit and tor.ir, TI.
I'ltjaritiwii ol thefe l.iaves confilfs m ^^ther-'g dVt.
drying them hy .1 Ini.ill I-ire, rolhr:; them uponiw::!
Mattr: I-,, and picking them up in 'I'lii-Clulb orHA. .
lor the lake ot prrlerviiff them, and the Convtri;::;
tr.inl[)r>rting tie ni. Siiifi i^ the Aiccunt given w by:.

tulloms of thefe People, which remain to this D.iy the kirned and ;ienirate Wrir-r, whofc Work is fli'l i.t

/._ .L .L. -C_ I • .1 .•,>,_■ 1 . ,, ., . . . . . ■■/•T .

f.ime w,th thofr rqiorted ■- tl'-fe Relations, but they are
(l.;i more planly vrnfud by li,. V ..■: ^r now \\., longer in
l-'Je, b'-'-.aiile nu\y €hin(.f W nteri aiid Chfilli.tn MilH-
• <r.ir:es liom them, take Notice of lutli oblijicie ( ulloms,
an.! inform us when they wta laid alide or began to grow

niiy ellrcmed aftet 10 nury later .Accmiiits of Ce."!.r'.
lint as It IS iiaiui.;! to liip(it)|e that tvciy .M*. u'li.^'
Judge ot what rcpatds his own Prni r:/i, I [xiriL
myldt, ihat my Re.i>'rrs will not be ciipicaicd at aiv
lertiiig here a very curious Palfage from tlic Wnting'

• 'I hn incvcM Monument wi; ti.'fl mfptioncj bv ilic fitnoui Irfuit AV- ■'■,■', whom^ide nianv Milhikci aliout il. init from thfnci- th«t f" f_ '
< l.«U'vf. »! to lU .M Until la,', which Iwwrvcf ufonliiqiiiiv hii ti«trnlinttclr.iily niiijriiu!, ui.d fr ini theme ;i ifvAnt, ;Ii.it l.Hf e!r-tif ■:
ln.u»»..uc;llnl 1, (>,-,, m .f I) e ,< that is u]'w.inl< .if rvx) hundred Vrai: btioit ihe Msliaat atO«/.«, metaioiit.l hv il.clail ofot; \~'
\S t have 00 i«rt.-..r Ucuunu o( the I niiHiaitj ui Ch^„., bryond «h<- IVnih Ortm, . .tn.l when the I'.ituiy.r.- cjiie- (iiK to tin,^ Um.-'t Do f-^-

•I'lwf u iHwr th.i K< ligKji, H,i> fxtemirairi lho», oihrroiic than for Want ot Pallor-

' l-k I f i(. Ii u incooctiiaiiic t»im diffirrenily Wriirri hr.>c irpitfcr.ttd ttic Mirub itat t)caii ihij Hrrb . foi ;,>m« uy a : IJkt i R-fc =' •
liki' 4 Cumtii bud!

' J*.l,i aj H,/l .".f.^,1.. Pni. I '. Of I'vf Crrttit, perhipf, n anothfr Prpnrt current among the /)»/ ■, ai if lliCy I0I.I lU Sig<o< ^"■'''
. If"", ? " '"P* ' ^^" ''* ''-^ t""^ '?' '•*'' ''"• ^'"' *'<'*♦' ^'' **'■'' '«fi*cJ a-' "■ ur.>*...,i>ic>i i'luih liy the \ iilgai io*

-^'xvn *t-

llr ttlKitd .oBj! in ( »,M. wa! d an of g, jt V. 'rli'r inj C andour, - n'lo did not lovr

Innp upon l.n t-»,d(r. 10 a J'^'maiiik Mile lli-t.-.r,', ,/.„,. a,, .i.i,.,i,.t,|r lVrt„miiKe, ,1. -,„v.. ..v ,

^^^ Kinti,, tatx mt'jnni luol 4 MuJuiudc tf 1 j:.-g-. tcUong to tiie Hutoi) ol iV.*j, whkh, u!l lh» rMblK-lioii ol hi- B/.i. i-"'

,(f|,;.o»r,Sarc

I'l cn,itr...ii.'l other, or ij ■mi'o'
uhich he lia( cvpl.iiiird '■!<•■» ''•''

i'^^-" v$,

Chap. II.

of the E /\ s T Indies.

54:

" m;[^lity V'irtii;"; of 'tliii wonderful Herb became tuii-
" VLffally known ami admired. Here- it is, that as lii-
" tlirrto no certain Character lias been alTlgned for expref-
" fug the Herb 7V,7, and its Virtues, the t.'u.lom of di-
" lbiit;iii(hing it hy the Figure of Hannah Eye-hds has
" grown into Practice." So nnich fays my Author for
tlu: Name of this Plant. The Story is plainly fabulous
and LXtr.uMgant ' i hut like the Kxcravagancies of the
l''..ill, lull of Fire, and of that loit of enthufialliciv Elo-
ijucnce which conveys Meas with fueh Fijru- as prLVcnts

t!i ■ cilcbratetl Doclor K^mpftr \ wherein he gives us a
very (nteitaming Account ol the Manner in wliich the Vir-
tues (t T'iJ ^^'''''' '^''^ dilcovercd \ neither is thib at all \q-
n'm to my Subj-ft, lincc it is an adiiitional Proof of the
Vitality of our Author, and dearly iwints out the lime
when Uiis Plant came lirl^ mto Ule among the Chiiiefe,
am!, at dic fimt time, fully refutes the Objection that had
Ixcn r.iifed from this 1 Icrb's not having a proper Clu-
rafla alligned it by the learned.

" lliis \\c\\\ fity^ he, which the Juponeff rail 7y7J,
" lias .IS yet no t liarai^ler afligned it by the Litentii, Init tin ir br.inrllions boin ever wearing out of the Mi'i.d.
•> ilure are It vt ral in ufe, Ibme exprelling only the Sound VVt f arn likewifi: fiom the firll of our Travelers, tliat
" (,t the Woiil, and others allulive to its N'irtues. A- at the Time lie vifited their Country the Chinef- wer. per-
» iiiong the latter, that is to be aecounteil, whidi gives f ftly well verfed in the Art of Pottery, and made a k,.ul
" utliC l.ikcnefs of the F.ye-lids of D.iinui, a holy Man, of Porcelain, as tine, as b;autilul, and alnioft as tranl'pa-
" n,Li(.h fuiitd among them. There is Ibmething very rent as (ilals. it is certain, that for m.iny Ages afr;r this
»' wtty ill this Allulion, aiul the I'.xplinatioii ot it dc- we had very dark .and conUi.'ed Accounts of "this M.uter j
•' firvis the greater Notire, iKcaufe it very plainly points and the Stories we are told in almoft all the AcyOUiits we
" out tl:f 'lime when this Ikrb lirll came into Die. have of C;6(/m upon this Subieft h.ive apparenrly the Air of
" 'rii',i< tlitn ilie Story is told.

" This D..>OT,( was the third Son of an /mlitin King,
" wli. I- Na'ne was K-.ojirxo, and was the 1 le.id of a re-
" lij^K-us Order inllituted liy a famous hidian Saint,
" fill' 1 >;.(b7, who flonulbeil in the Year Ivfore Lhrilt
'* io:S. and to whom this Dnrma uas the twenty-eighth
" StiL iTor in a rfgVilu Order. It li) tell our, that in
" /!,D. '19, he was driven into China, where he anjilietl
I'.mil.if eiuiri ly to tlie tciching ot Mankind the know-
I'll^'.- ot GoJ, and,, as he called it, ot the only triu- Rc-
irion, and the lole Means ot acquii ing I l,i])j)in; Is. I le
w.i^ i,.j[ content to enlighten the World only bv his
Doctrine, Init lUidied to do it (llil more hy his Ivim-
j ir, iliivingby the Purity ot his Life, the afflicting his
" B<jdy, ami the bringing all liis Paflions under pertedl
Suliation, to letuie the Aliilbmce of the Divine
«" lir.irc. lie eat nothing but the wildlkrbs ot the
Fitkl. and which is eilnnied tin very Peiliiftion of
lldhnrl's in M.an, Ipent his Niglits without Sleip in
■ T Ciinteinplation ot the Supreini- 15eing -, for he con-
I ,'cr(ii It as the highelt Degree ot i'lety to forego Tali*
i:ui Reft, that his Thoiighis n.ight be wholly employed
- nieiiitating upon Ciod.
Ir fell (■• :, that alter many Years war< hing, he was
overcoi. ■ .X'' to tail l.ill alliep : I lis \'o\v thus vIoLu't!,
. uj> l() aflkfted when lieawakr !,that partly to 1 xjnate
;;; Crime, ami partly to lenire himlelt troni tailing
i;.im into what he ctleeined lii great a Weaknels, he
litofi' his I'.ye-lids, as the Inllrimnnts of his Offence,
'■ J thr' w them in ,1 bit ot holy Ziiil upon tlu dround.
' ' '.• iKXt U.iy roming to the Place wlifre he had m-
.ttd thir, Punilhmtnt upon hiinl-d, he t.iw, with
\ir,i7^meiu, a molt wonderful ^lal'.^iolmatlon, tor
■ i"hi)ldtjeh ot his b'yr-lids had taki n Hoot, and had
i;<rung up into the Shrub called 'Jea, which hi-
• tiitrtolhe World had nevtr feen, or at leall Mankintl
v.cre un.iiiiiiaintcd with its \'ittu''s.

I'.ilili. s, and look as if tluy were impoled uio-i their Au-
thors by the Ci'inrfe, on purpofe to conce.al frorii them the
Truth. It is a Pijint now univcrfally agreed, that the
Porcelnin toriiu'rly made in this Country w.is infinitely better
thnn what has come from tlicncc o^ late Years ; but the
Chififfc rhcmfelvc: carry this much farther, and maintain,
that the old C/',/'( we f) much admire is very far inilrior
to what was nridr in tlnfe airly Ages.

Do(5tor K.nnpfcr * tells us from the Ch'niffc Iliflorians,
that this moll (.x-fclknt I'orrclain was maile in a 0.1 tain
in.iiid not tar from l-'crmofa, or at leall ot the Earth found
in that Illand, v.hich for the t'lmc Crimes in itj Inhabitants,
has long ago iliaretl the F.ate ot Scdom, and lies now
buried in thv Sea. Yet it fcems it is not funk fo dc-i', but
that their Filbermen ae.d Divers frequently bring up Vclfels
of this old Poix-lain, which are fold at a iiiuil: extrav.igant
Price in China and Japan, from a Perluafion tlut tney not
only keep Tea better, but even heigliten its Ciualities, and
rellore its Flavour when loff by long keeping in other
VelTels.

I do not pretend to make myfclf anfwer.a!3l'; for the Truth
of tiv.-fe Facts, but I mention them only to fhew, that in
the Opinion of llule People, who arc undoubtedly the beif
Judges of their own Manuladturci, the Porcelain made at
the '1 inie our ;\i:thor Ipe.iks of was really fuperior in Qiia-
lity to ,i:iy that has hi-en nia(ie fince. But it it fliould be
demanded, whether any Proof can be had of the Truth oj
this Fai^t, exclutive of what our Author delivers, I anfwer,
there is. For in a Manufcript prefervcd in the Frc:ich
King's Library, the Credit of which cannc: be doubted
among the Articles of a noble Prefent fent No-.iredJ.lu by
Siiiadm, loon after he becairie Mailer of E'^jpt, me.ition is
maiie of a Service of O'inn-IFare, confilling of forty Pieces
of feveral kinds \ It is very true, that this i'rtfcnt was not
fent till the Year of the Ikgira 567, which anfwers to the
Year of our Lord 11 71, 'which is fome Ages after the
'I'imc in which our Author wrote 1 but then it is to be con-
" By takm's; the Ix-avc, of this 1 lerb, Imt whether the fidered, that this China-H'crt' had been long before brought

'^wi'g tluin, or (irep.irid by litmion, I i.mnot lay,
I ' tound a wumleilul ( heartulni is of Mind, and a Dil
I'ohtiiiii perfectly tinted to his divine Meiht.itions. As
:i: recommended the Lie of this Hcib to his Difciples,
'id as the Benelits derived theretiom were every

vhere publilbed, the C'ullom of lirmking Tea grew
.;uickly into Lie among ail torts ot I'eople ; and the

to iv:ypt i and if it had not been much liipcrior in Beauty
to what was brought from the fame Country, even at that
Fime, when the Trade to Bajjlra was in a liouriflring
Condition, it would not have been thought worthy tlic
Acceptance of fii great a Prince j and therefore wlien tho-
roughly confideretl, this Objec'^ion proves, at Icafl in its
nccclfary Confequmccs, a Confirmation of the FaiEl.

'mr>. tai. 1x1,1 p. 6nS. V\'i- iluill li.-ie an Opjiornmity cf mlerfjig this Ifirned Wriier's Travel? to 7n/i,j«, in ttie fccond Volume of thii

. ;i t chc I'afl.igc here cited ii liomanmhii Woik ul jiii, wiiicii is excellent luits Kind, iiotwuhHanJin^ what forae fuch f(«.A c riticl^s have

.itti tu tlic cor :r;;tv.
■■iMxt C^uiiii .. i'l hi> Hillory of J.if'-'-. l>l.iine< iVr'or A'.rm^rt-r for iiifcriing this .Story, v^hich he call: a ridiculous F.ib'c ; but I beg Ic.ive
'••■■, ii..it heh.id n.-^ s\.\l corr,k.Vrrd tlu'"liiiriitien .■: ;lic I'ar.ililc. tin- Cere.ub la tiit e.all rn .Nailoiii or the lj,.mern Langungcj ; lor, if he li d. he
! r"'lwbl)' h.ive bt-cr. ci» ar.uii.er Ojiinioii. i'.wn- i- a w'nie l):fFcre:ic- between I- able* in Religion .ind i ;.bies m ,\atunl I'iiiiofoj-iu, e pe-

^> hen they are known 10 lie luch. and iritr'xIiKed we.h no other \ icw th.m to coi.vey uieful ivnowledge in .in ealy, f,miiii..r .ind etfe mal
ror, ,i!l which were vit'ibli ..onlultcd in ihc Irouiing ot thi; S-.ury rjr Pu.ible, winch dec!.ire» the v iiiucs of tins Herb, by whom difeovered,

■ lien brought uao Lie. . 1 ti 1 ■
'm.Tcinti f KP.'ii- p. 6:1. Onr learned ,\uthor tells ir. that thr y,ipivt~e Name of this fine Porcelain is M.iati uto, ar.d that the Illand in
• It wajin.adewas .1Aj«... -., '^tm: He ,lf,ie iL, tlui ihcle X'ede! are of diftereia •■l^e.^, :ind conlcquently nf diilercnt I'ria . : the linalleil a:t

■ f. tn twenty to one hlinJitd TheiK ; but the lari-ell and iinel*. which .ite geneia:ly bought f ,i ihe l le 1 1 tlie I'.inperDi of y.;f.i'.'. c;>ll ihr^e, foiu .
■ •' ih'alaMi I hciU or 1 liaeS, of wluih tl.e.e 1 .I'out three in a I'ouiid Sterling. '1 his is veiy meder.uc in loinjvailun ol what «'.' .ire lohi bv

' ':-' in hii Travel-, ; 1 :( , where he l.iy . that the Jafi-eit have Tea-i:.):. that coft iiiini between li.< and lestn thou!':.;ul \\MP.i. There

1" be two Miitakes in thi- ; the tirtl is a, to the \ efli-., which ua>, 1.0: a Tea pot, but a '1 la-Cani.lci ; the I'etond. as to Uie Sum, whiwh w.a:

i'w'd', but TImcU. , ,..,,,,„,

llie I iilf !.«! ilvi, ,. i|, ;.. M.nuftrlpt is Hiihi'J, tthich wa^ probatdy the Uirnamc of it;. Autiior ; lut a. to the (.-rtxiilar bubjeit 0. t^£ woaK

• iv nothir.r. ei.- P-.ttijji 1 h.tve tiiciitioind ftoin it bchtf, n'l<orieJ bv lie .ML< R->i..,iii in 11 NV > ■ nn oi'r .\y.,ij.':, ^ :■;-

'y nothii'-i^, IM Pattigi

('/

li .:'? 'I'lii

lli*':i

..Ki.

T/t DilcDNcry, v^l.ltk^K■nr, ^/;a/ ConiiiKrcc

544

I hivc lUtlt {lu li)rn;'T iiiH)ii thcl' l.tUivcs mul li.ivr
Ciktii till- iiiou- l'.iir..s t" liijii-ort aiul «.o".;im tlit I lutli «>l
tluin, Ui.iul'.' I am |vi;„i.ti\l that .in i..;.-' Citilit is iIuk
i(. till Maticfi.it 1 aCtalUiiu! I'y Ix.diol >.i.; Auttiofs ami
t!ut coiilitHMiily wi- niiy ai'li.lutcly ili|uiKl upon what
ihcy liavi liclivi ra) as to lii'' State nfCHn.i, -.v.A flu liiJio,
wiiliin iliij Piriihl t)t Tinii', that is M lay, liuiii ./. /). .s ; ,•,
to i)-io, or thmalxnits. This Uiiig ilrarly iltal'lilhrtl, Kt
us Ice what will liillow Irum it. In thf I'lrll plaic, it is
moll rviilint, tliat thclc ImIKiii Louiitrics wni- in a viiy
lui'l'y anj tloiirilhint; C'oiulition, vmtc (;ovcrnfil by their
own rriiices, ami kiu:w not, jyiinally tiiakini;. sshat it
wxMi) furt'cr by luch luilJ.fn aiul vmlent Rt volutions a. Iiavf
finic haj-jfiKil in thole l^lrI^. It tiuill, however, l« at
the lame time obleival, that though liuir State was tat
Ix'fter than it n now, yet Unit n\ir Auiliuiv aj^ree liiat it
was Uginning to (.ietlinc, that the Dipmrv ol tlieir i'rimis
l)cgaii to luik, the Seventy ot iIkh iJilLiiihiic to relax,
and the Manners of their rtoj)le to kiomc much more-
corrupt tlian they hail been.

In t!\c next plaa-, it is very evident, that in Chtna, *
Country I'.ill more remote than the Mm, the I^coj K were
in this I'tTiod very well acquamtrd \Mth the Conilitioii til
their Neiglil>ours, to whom tl.iy mull alio have Ixen tole-
rably well known ; and ^i-t withir, i!ie Sparc ut two lum-
ilfcd Yfars, the hace ot Thirds were lo intirely chanf.ed,
that the Clme/t lull almoll all Knowledj;c ot lis in tuii^p*,
ami we ol them, as trom tl.c lublcqucnt I'art ot this Chapter
will clearly apjxar.

I-»Hly, we ouf.ht to conckide from the Confuieration ot
thrfc FaiJts Irom the State ot thinj;s in CttH.i *n<.\ tlic
In.iif', and c/jviially Irom flic Supriiority ot their M.u.u-
taL^ure":, tliat (his I'nij'ire was in every rel;>rct iii a mu( h
lietttr Situation tlian m t'uicttciiry tlm'.^, that is to lay,
was Inter j^ovirncil, more jxipnjou.s, the Indullry of the
I'edple Utter coiuliK If.!, and tluir Foreign Commerce
far more rxtenfive than in the A^es immediately prn.eding
the Difiovery of the !'an'.ige fisitl.ir Irom huro^f by the
C pt cfCctd H:fe. The t'lXing all this lirmlv in the Ke.id
rr's Mind, will crjntribtife to his ajiprclKiidini' rightly aM
that follows, and wdl prevc-nt his tunning into the op|X)litc
\'ice of Incredulity, to avoid I icing thought crcviuious.

He will not Ix- anu7'-d when he hears ot |K)tenf I'rinies
that governed :n the India, or m Cvim;, many hiiiulied
Years bctorr ".se k:iew any flung with Ccrtaii.iy ol tliole
Cour.'.rics -, he wiU not U- ullo; illial at the l'".xtera <.t tluir
Territories, or what is rciKnnU ot then prihlignih K< vc-
! lies i he will not Ise at a loh to acvoiint lor the lUlViicnt
Condition of I'laers, when tirtt vil'itevl by the EurofiLans,
trom that rejxirttd either by fh<ir own llilh;)ric», oi Tradi-
tions. On the contrary, he will [>Iai'Jy ixt.iise, by lom-
)aring the Fafts laid down in the levn.d .Vciions <it tins
iVotk, that al! this is not only proballe, but certain, aiv.i
that the Notions winch lonn gnat Cnticks have advaiaul
to f!'.! ro'trary, were not (o n-.uch toumltd in grtaur
Learning, or f.ij.erior Abilities, as in lliong Freijiiues m

Bcxik I,

own .•\b;'itifs.

In 1 lungs of this Nature, all a! Ilra(flcii Real'oning oiipjit

10 Ix- laid afu'e, and wc oiij;ht to ilraw our Coi.cluliuiis
frcrrs Failii o;.ly. It the Inaiitm (lo; jkiI the I'logn Is ot
the AllyriaH, PrfiMi, Greek a-..' /'dM/xja F.mpires, this
isattiong, or fo fjHak tairiy, an invincible Argunjent to
rrov, that their (rivrrnmcnt w«^ jhni in its lui Vigour.

11 we f'c ihi" I'l.li.ini now lor ih.- iv.ofl part a briA -n, ilil-
jxilei', dfjcfUti, ai.d drij^if-d P'-opIc, |,iel<T\iiig, how-
ever, fill! in ihrtr M.inncrs au I Lulloms, vjlible Marks ot

that Poliey aluilx-,1 r> il,. ni by il„. Crtek and « ,„
svrll as ihel. ./r.j^.,« Wmers. we ought toeoiKiu,, ! "!
this Dilleience has txm «'^viiig to mighty Kcvdiin" '
thele Fans; alter the liillory ot wliieh wr imilt h'.." "
.iiid not pretend to takf up will, t!,, Anur.in.cs fivrn!!?
lancilul Men, that thele People were never in a beuccl'
illtioil. '"'■

1 lio not howivrr pretend by this to cllaliiini h ^n,
nuans the Opinions eniMiaiiied by lome very treat M
as to the Fearnin-^ ,.| tlv a,»,y , wiii, rr^ul to ^^l
our 1 tavelleis Ijxak v-ry Invly, ,md I tliink there ,, Kf
Ion to brheve Very truly, aihrmii,..;, that in legi,,, ,o,k.
.Scr nces the Lhweje h.id very little Knowleilge, that „ a
Companion ol the /ir.i^s, who at the time the lit ,j
our Authors wrote were very (kilful in moll .Sen ncti ■ ^rd
though iheir tam..us tommaiuler Mujj, who coi.qwrnl
Sfi'i, was the lull that delivered it m the Kirni ,.1 j
Mtxim. yet It IS very prolwblc, that the >«i«;„ hwlon-r
U-lorc hh I ime thole Sentiments ot llie I'rogrclMit .Vifurj
whuh he lo happily exprelfed. NVildom, Uki he, ,/.
jitnJiHf^frm nh-jf, jeilUd in lit I leads cfitt CJrtcks, n
the Hands cf the Lhineli.-, andtn the Tongues {//i^\rjtx
It plainly appears Irom huite, that what they moil'ajnv-
red 111 Ujihii was the Indullry (,t its Inlubitants which wu
cliKl'.y the l-.Htft ot their wife tiovernincnt, ilcr;vi.\l [j
them, as IS indied every thing of tonleiiiifnuthiv knew,
(eems to have l>r(n trom the Intlin '. All ihctcltic il^ji
Irom tlio Authority ot our Authors I inlcris, ihjiihtw!-
tical St.tte ol China wa.s at Icall as p^rleit ancicntlv is k u
at j>refeiit in all I's Biaiu lies •, and injt that they wercUiirr
act]uainted with Stienits than they arc now.

•/I. I'll'- Ueadir, I |.eiluade niylell, is by this tae of
the lame Opinion with inyKlf as to the Value of tlucn-
cant Writers, and would U" very well jilcafcil tofrLVftd
witli as go*Kl liuidcs during the rell of Ins Journey, nr^.n
IS, how-vir, more than I cm pruniill i biit thus to; 1 iit
iindeitake, that he lliall have as giKxl Guiilcs ii are wse
procured, and tliat the next Stage is the worll iniliewks
Koa.l. Th< re is, howtver, a Necrllity of goipgthroti;'!
It , lor it IS With I.eainiiip, as it is in Travelling, thtrcu
no knowing ot Things witii Certainty byKc[x)ru. liwt
Would be thoroughly laiistied, we mull ule our ownlyc!;
and to obt.iiii a compK.'.t Vkw ot lUe Jiiilia, wcni'-lti):
<(yiUeiit to read \ oyages ,itul liavtb in tlicir nat'jri]0:;rr.
It 11 plain Ituiii what theic Auihois tell us, tlut the /u.'.
in their lime were nut nuitli alnrcd lioni what l.V-y wr:
in the l)ays ot the (irfikt and Hnujni ; whereas whw l';;
J'iflugueze L.une thither, they were in (]iiitc another C'cr-
dition , We muil theretore learn how tins tame to pi!-. T,*!!
thi: ", IS dillieiilt indeeil, but it inutl \x done, fort:.xii.h
We .,avc hiiliriio lx?cn liuiiig i uitiiPg ■, and to lcavrj;Jra
dap in our I iiilury m or^itrto lii.rry on to misicni V.aj^«,
IS t'l prefer Aimileiiient fu liilliuviiuii, which uitrtwJy
what neither I iioi the Reader aims at ; and t.'irrtijrt I
liatKr mylell tlut he will Ijt very well pkalfJ*ilhi.''cR(-
vival ot the \'oyag;s and Travib that lollow, aiuwhicll
have never hitherto .ippeared m an i-'i;,''J^J ]}iii>AU\'iS.-
aiiie tu their Mdit '.

iJ.iiiiu:i, our moll aiuKiit CoUeaor, whole I'lirj an
never be too much loiiiiiit ndril, gave Inch Ji umt !iiii;i
I l.mds in ih'- Ull manner Ik lould, and wasihtrtlortwiy
ionimendable in that rel'i^tt. FuriLu, wliolollo*ci:iii.3,
lumplaiiis, howi ver, wiih Uralon, thai the IciiitirrtWr.tm
weic lliangcly ilisliguud, aiiii flier: tore he thuu^ht^il
(lary t.) rev.k- and u; ublilli t!i .:i, tur whidi iiio-t

ji; t he might have tit-

necritary t.) rtvile and u

dtUrves Praile , ai'.d tlieie is noilu „

cecdcel much bcitei than he IusiIuik, il .he h*i n.H tv.

• 1 Ik rVijrff. of-..r„«fmm il« /.y,., nCi,.., and (mm ll.tiitr to y.-fn-. i» vrrv n.itur.!aiJ ..grrrJ V tu jiicicia II llcr;r ibulii^oriw
«1! WImv (rom ilirm-f, ihii it«- /.rf,«,. fciti»ed arir I<an.in|. (roi.i lU i:x,>i» am, Il \- l.ir moii- pj. Uliic, tlul il'cjr luil a Irom t« '•»"'/
f .i;»Uiikii»!fpitad.ir.;Mi,al!y f„m,i|.'i Cwrfry, », ,Sf,.,, infoim^ u-. jral .., «II ..iicitnt Ila./i» i'!..uily punti 1 ""•''■'■-"•"" J'*/'' '.J
tinlCclnniei migll l»\r cili'^ pt',.'c,!c(1 I.-. Ijiwt, wlurriMl.r r o» i tt nu r> «llt>w , llul tl.chiil Allciiipu b) ihr ^iV"'-"' "'**^

ff I'iiJ wfTT liy Klrfi. fitftij out 1
• 'v^ehisf «fty (u.il'r';i,t i.filir I

). Kl 1 h . ( jljicrY.nimi If om * ii<( I',

ti-'UtUVi

./.•.H.lii

/ — «..«...«...-....,....»,........... .Jgr. nil, HI 111. p,(>5 ur ./ -.J. •"•> jj

I fxinj th». hook tranltau.) l.v M^aci //«///,,/ i,jt „| i|,t Z.^/., |Jui ,i|iric ll.c BtiiJ !c.iJ lie lilind. Ixxli l.ei .Ai hcic ll.i >.orn;[K i-^'

m.Vel III.p,6', uf.V.'V..»U.-theh>'>'«f"^

ti." li'H yicll

• mr::_rt,. i: of ■|.i,t). .„ ^,.„_,A j<f.,<« . , Ntcrmiy lo ihe l)ce.--mvm he nuiiii ll.c I ounol I'l I w; i" ' ""'; ;^",,
C'.j , «nd X:\,\<\-fi '^r Mmc i tt|-,f..>cf .o„ h..vr ti.e W„il< ,n a nwuuxr iicu. lo rci;eWTii. liut I h.vc lound ilic j'tuvc-b trjc, IW ::- -.^
pill J..*i»iii .(! llnuJr. jiiU lo liuia It »iK^, ih,ii Ioirji.ir It, .u 1 alio ilioulj luvc Jmic I.jJ 1 ki.mMi liul wi"t:< ■" !'" I'"'"' "-""^ . '

..--w«, ...w .u ..M .M I, Mii^ ^ , wi.in iij rrpuir n, .l^ I alio iiiouta luvc uonc lua i ki.uv^ii i
Im'iit !• !«!!'•, thai i«. ilotiol tinj ii«iii<,ml xn >.f«»»/"'> l<oU, iiKl l.c whiii. iutti the /,..'.'■ h..iti
in.iih . bu' a frw Hoi r-, \<ri, 'odM-timr* St ' ''

I r..t»r li-cfi lmih- Aulh*»n iiMirni't. (

l,ut .1/.".^ /'■■■" "•■'"•^

. or i< »

Bc!.<f

liXhr, ihin lkne>, ihiii«» Jncit, avtiir, ajvcift, leorinJ in iiijine!, Ji'jo"!'''' '"""■ ],, c^,
■ ■ ■ ,, jlilcnt. .1. IMi vulvar ^.•■•"•■

I). if ncs'rr .uiv lo iiia/i^!eJ, aiiU io n»ii.j;ii-J, lo ptcJciK, una lu

t.'A to ii« himltil u (hr thite P,„i *aK «( Uicu Return w lti„t, wlicic iiouv knew thtui, ui hi lijc Ditomic jc ihill "w

'(;.

Cliap.

11.

of the East Indie s.

545

„]wal the I IiiniDUr of ilic Age in wliit Ii lie wrote, aivl af-
hitiil, as lif has iloi.f, lu ;',ivc u quaint ami t.iiicitul luni
M all tlut hf tr.mll.acii, iiiltr.ui ot kicpin^ liulc ti> his Au-
• ;,(ifv. This wus thielly owinj; to ;i Notion tii.it then |)ic-
viilr'l, ihiit tiiiTf were m.iny Iii'proli.ibilitics .uxl Alilu|j-
,,;ii,-, in t'lfir WntiiiKs ; whidi, Jiowivcr, the Dilijii'iue
; itiiiculin^ Times h.ith, in a f'jf.it incaliirc, ililto-
\ nd to li.ivc Ix'cn a t^rouniilel^ anil injunoiu Charyc aiil-
; ;; loiiictiinis Iroiii thiir having viry bad Copies ui the
Aiiilwrs they iiliil» at othtr I'liiv.s Irom the Igiior.intc
(,i tliol'c who undertook to tranllatf them either in the
ljiijru.i[;cs in wIikIi tiny were wrote, or as to the Subjects
wliicli were h.indled in tluin.

Itckluw.s alio to Ik- lonlidercii, tii.it tlic firft Voyages
into any icinote Coiintiv iiuill lie under great Diladvan-
i.igcs. becauk-' they rei«jit 'I hiiifpi alitolutely unknown he-
lurr, ami which, tor that Kealon, appear monllrous and
iiicriiliblc \ whereas, in I'rocel's of Time, antl alter vari-
> us rtrlons iiave vilited the lanic I'lace, the I'ublick l)c-
i,ins to grow lamiliar with their Uclations i and liaving
received repeated Tellimonies as to tlie Tnitii ot lli.mge
hch, renmmec the I'rejuilu rs that wrrc roiiteived aj;.iiiitl
ilK'ni at the Be^innin^j. It is lor thi^ Rialijn that many
Icarntil Men abroad, but p.iitKuiari*' liamnjio in Itiih, ami
^ir^ironw I'mna; h.ivetakin li> nuich I'ai.is t')ex..;iiirie,
torn 1, ami lit forth in a moll perfect Manner, many
ot t'ldi old \N'ntcis •, \\liich afn r the Care they have ta-
ken alxiiit them, aj'pear to fo j,;r''.it Avantaj'.c, that they
I ,!rce lain to be tlie Lunc tii.it were known to us for-
i!Hrly in It) wr( ttlicd a Condition '.

But it tiali Triatitcs .ire liable to .i bad Reception at
f licit lirfl Appearance, thtir Credit increalls with I'olk--
ritv, and time is very ^' oil Kc-iion lor reeiirrinj; to vlic
.irlt Vnya|;c«, as wc do In the liril l-.Jitions uf Hooks to
l.c how Things flood at the HL;>;inniii;j;. .Sucli Writers
ate, generally fpeakinp, the moll eiiiious and the mofl ex-
ad i lor being extremely llriuk with evvry thinp; thty li.c
iinJ hear, they are more vigilant in their Srarilics, and
nioie particular in thrir Relations, tii.in tliofe that fullovv
tlicin, liich taking it fi.r grantid, th.it what is ei'inmoii in
remote Countries h.is been alre.uly rcpoitc\l by others, and
will not nivc thcmfelvos the Trouble ot ftttin;^i; down any
thing that is not marvelous or extraordin.iry. VVc ought
not, likcwiff, to forget that (iich 'J 'ravel Ic- is as are lent to
vilit ililtant Countries, or who go thither purely out of
Curiolity, and from a Dcl'ire of feeing what otlieis h.ive
not lien licforf, are much more likely to record ex.idly
whatever they meet with, than liich as po afterwards in-
to thcic Countries purely on the Score of I'rade ; and on
thci.' Return, perhajis, are perttiadcd to oblige the Work!
Mth an Account of what they have met witli, compiled at
i confiilerahle Dillance of Time, and conlequentiy very
liable to Millakes and other Imperfcclions.

We may .uid to all this, that the tirll Sort of Authors
arc, generally fpcaking. Men of better Capacitie";, .ind
more cajiable of letting forth their Difcoveries than tlic
latter ; to th.it on the whole, if we mean to be thoroughly
aeciuinted with Things, and with all the Circumllaiices
rcLiting to them, wc thall read luch original Writers with
much gnat-r I'leafurc than thofc Collections which have
iippearcd m later Times, and which are frequently no
*^.iy roinparable to them, cither for t!ie Importance of
idih, at the Aicuracy with which they are related.

It fell out in the Iiali, as it fell out betore in the Well ;
tliat is to lay, the ivorthern Nations poured in upon them as
.1 l)elu^,T, and bore down all betore tluni. It was this
Imindation of the Tartar] which overturned, and, in a
threat incaliite, ellacej the wliole Tolicy of the i'.all -, fo
that in the thiiteenth Century, the Lnipite eUablilhcd by
'hedrtat -Tiirtiir Monarch JmgbiZ-kl.'Mi, extended as tar
v^Vbind on rlic one Side, and' into Emcpe on the other.
His Sueciirois augmented hii Dominior.s, and that in
I'icli a Miim-t as to reach as tar as the A';/V one Way, and
'" th" l).v::il\' .md I'ljiula on the other, .'^uch an Ivxtint
I't Uuminion mult ajipiar to aconfidcrate lieader, a more
lurniiiUble I'lnpire than ar.y vet Ipokeii of i and the iliort
■S['.ii;.' of I line Ml which it v..i railed, mi:!l render it llill

more amazing : To lay the Truth, all the great Monarcliiei
ill this I'aii of th'- World, large and iy)Wt rl'ul as they are,
ouj;lit, llrn'^tly Ipiakinp;, to be confuiered as Fragments
only of this enormous Sovereignty, and as the Remains
.ind Ruins of this prodigious Strudtuic. All the 7<ir/<rr
Principalities in Europe and /Ifia, the noble Kmpirc of
ChijKiy with li) much iA' 'I'artmy as belongs to it, the wide
Uominions of the (ireat Mogul, fome of the Kingdoms
ellablillvd in the InMtin Illands, the Kingdom of Pir/a
as it Hands at prelint, together with the l)efl Part of the
Cirand Seignor's Territories, fall under this DeferlptJon, and
were once butlom.iny Parts of the Tartar Empire, and we
may fiom thence eafily dilixrn how much it imports us to
have a I oiupetent Knowledge of the Rife, I'rogrcfs, and
Declenlion of this over-grown Power,

Hut that this, however expedient, however ncecfTdry,
miglit not briak in too much on the Series of our Voyages,
I have taken Care to lelecH a tcw out of the many ancient
'Travels that may anfwcr both Ends } that is to fay, may
preferve the Chain of our Narrations, according to the
natural Order of 'Time, and alio fulfd wliat is requifite
with rel'ped to explaining the Iliflory of tiicle People, fo
as to bring the whole into a rtafonablc Compals, without
depriving the Reader of any thing that is nccelTary for
his Intormation, or cuitailing the Authors that are given
him, fo, as to {)Ut it out of liis Power to judge of the
\'alue of each, or to kr.dw what the Writer himfcif re-
lates, ami whar has been inllrted by his Editors.

'The full of tlielij Ihall be the earliell Tr.ivcller next to
our ./frMs ; I mean the famous Jezuijh Writer Benjamin
of TuiiiLi, in the Kingdom of Navarre, who travelled
through a great Part of Europe, /Ifia, and /Ifrica, in the
twelftli Century, in which we have not one Voy.age bc-
fules i and though his chief Dcfign, as plainly enough ap-
pears, was to aggrandize his own Nation, however dif-
jx-rfed over the i-.KK of the Earth, and to keep up the
ilop.'s of his Hrethren, by reprefenting them as a nume-
rous, wealthy, and llourilhing People, notwithllanding their
Difperfion : Yet, in doing this, he h.is tollcded fo nLiny
curious Ciivunillanccs with regard to the Eallern Nations,
and interljitrlal his Travels with fuch a Variety of hifto-
rical Palfages to be met with no where elfe, that whate-
ver Faults may be found with hiin, he will be always
thought an Author worthy of Notice ■, though, to avoid
Prolixty, we have inllrted only fo much ot his Work in
the next Section, as has relation to the Suliject of whit Ii
we are treating. It will trom thence however, appear,
that what is f.iggefled by Ptircbas, the only Author that
h.is attem[)ted to publilli him in our L^anguage, as to the
Impoll'ibility ot making Ins 'Treatife clear and intelligi-
ble, is not over-weJI fouaded, but that with due Care and
diligent Attention, his Travels might be pubhlhed entire,
in fuch a M.uiner as to Iki.ly the moll: critical and inqui-
fitive Reader.

The next of th; fe ancient Travellers fli.dl be lyUlicm
Ruhrtiq:i':s, a Monk lent by the Frencb King St. I.r^is,
to the then Kbaii of the Tartars, whole 1 lillory of hisjour-
ney through feveral Couiitiies then in a Manner entirely,
and even now, but veiy iniperfedly known, is addrclTed
to that Prince, and written with a Spirit of Tlumility and
Modelly, and with fuch pliin Evidence of their Author's
Ver.-icity, as very fully jullilies the Eflcem that h.is been
alw.iys had of his Work. 'The third is Marco Polo, tin:
yemtian, wlu> travelled as well as Rubruquis in the thir-
teenth Century, whole Work has Hood t!u- Teft of 'Time
and t.'ie leverell Criticks, and rifen by flow Degrees, from
the lead into the highett Credit. There arc indeed very
few Books rhat h.ive liorn fo many Editions, or have had
fo much Pains taken about them ; and indeed hardly ar.y
have delcrved it better, fince purged from the Errors tiiac
had crept into the old Copie'^, and into the feveral Tran-
llatioiv, m.ide into ditlerent Languages, it appears to be as
well difpofeil, as well written, as curious, as entertaining,
and as eoirerd a Performance as any of its kind : And yet
to avoid the Trouble of comparing fo many Copies and
Tnmflations, it lias been wliolly omitted in our modcr.-j
Colledions, though the perullng it is in a Manner abfu-

Nl'.MB

r;.i (.jiijuticm in tiic prvicJuig Nut; Irom Pui

I, will iully prove the- Truth of ttii. lO x\x inlti:i,;c..t I'.caiicr,

lutcK-

Wim

! !

"; .« V '

■1; 'i

• i

fii

' I

C46 7/fv DilloNxry, Settlement, afjt/ Commerce

lui:.:

l\,i

•♦5 i

if-" •"

lutrly nrrf (Tiry, to tlir undcrJlinainK ilic lubllqucnt Voy-
»l'<» fo fhi Eat- India.

V\\f laH »>» tli'li- oM Writrr^ taken intixnir Collcdtion.
fli.ill If Sir 7i*^»» ht.in.itviitt uur Onmtrym.in. wlio, not-
withllindiPR all thr OI'jci'lionH nvuic to lus KiUtion, ilt-
frrvM rmifli NtKT I I.VP tian he li.«i mrt **iih. This
crrni Tr«V( ilrr lUmnllial in tlif fomrrrnili Ontury, and
rlrnt I'o Ills tlun ihiity-thrce Yrars in Tuvcilihi!; ilirou-^h
tlic //t'.Mt/, S^iruu luriary, hiJia, t.///'.v, A,k'.»/''. /v-
>/«♦, Jul'irfui,' .\tH\ other LiHintiKS. Mo comuhiIhI tlir
MilUiiy «-t thclif Travrlj in /^r<«, Irm.h, atil Lnglijb,
and yft wc havp ntvrr hithrrto hail hr. Wi.rk lit m liith
• l,i|',hl«^ ni:|ihf U.ir rciilmg v»ith I'lralurr. I h.ul aiinoll
faiil, unil It w.iiilil Ik- vn more th.in Iruili widi I'jiiim.-,
a? d .It the Unir Ti nr it has l^fcn rrli-ci tnl aiul wi II < llcnn-
r,l Abioad. Thcrr arr imtioi Ahuiulaiut <«| i!i,iii|;c Stn
rifs iiui imraliHf Pai1a;;c. in his Woik, whuh wi.' do
not ^irrirnd to jiillily or iinixilc ii(x>ii thr Ktadcr, I nt
ihcrr atr other J wuith knowing, and to be mvt wiili no
whcic iU'e.

The TroiiWc which neccflarKv attends freeing thrll- Au-

thon from tlu- Ruiiiiilh under which they have [
ned, andreiovrriii|.',('>n,inhot il. ,r i«.rluiu|ll T
.. trquifite to ^iyc Lanht a ul l,,1c. S^„,i anvl I,,' ; J "
tot.iiir frvcral laUiur ., has ^x^tn not a l.ttlc > i,.,?'

one lOfUU., , how Jliiws .HI A. I .1 \s fo v,r,,l,c,t, .,.\7

mory ':f great N^-n dmativl, wlii.ih.m-litroPi^'. '
prcat lor the Service of l'ol\crit> , «,„i l.u*,„j,J;''"^
lent A(;c is to ntiourag- all Aiimv ti U tjJkn.
M in |.;ocs through ius laflv with 11,.,, >„ I, |,,rL *
imuU to live in I mi<«nior,-enlij;htihr.!, iuwtn.h j|7
Stiiiucsaic Ix-tttr und-ill(.')d than \v., „ thot Aurk '
hvul and wrote ; Inii the Lunicmpiatiou ut' wir .,\,iv .!'
tafjis oi^'.ht to difiHife us ti> a ilunuhk- CWlck,';/"
und a nilixjfition to ixmlc Inlirnmus, nui |„ iit^.'^"' '
Ih.-in .is.n ih. Ai-'^ i"«l«uhtl.yil.,uniU,;,j"i :;
NNliiih tlrrifnie tin y rouid not Ivutmi't, el'|x(ii'|,»i,t„
\sc retliiJt, tl 't 10 tliiir Attrinpts wc oivi- th ■ .S','f|,i(,,,
lli.it has liicucii'd, ,ind tlut'vulwrtit the Stti,D;Jrj i^^i,
by thrill wi- imill iiavt ken la lU lk;;i. R:^\mIi Uii
ikU llill. *■

SECTION XIX.

77v Travih cf Rahbi Benjamin, the Son 0/ Jtmas of Tmlela, . f^rough i'urnjic, Afia, ad
Africa, from Spin to China, Jrom the Tear of our I^rd 1 lOo to nyj.

From the Laiui Fcr/iois of Ikncditfl Arias Montanus, r/n// Conrtantint- rtmpcrcur, ««.
pared '^'ith other 'Tranjlations into different La>:juiigCi.

I. yi fhCiinfl ytcccuut cf Benjamin of Tmlcla, the f-vcntl EJiticns atiJ Tiiinfiutkni (f hii Work, sniui
RrputJtioii If /wj lUQuireJ. 2. 'Tht Offjri lions that Luivc bfcn nuiM' tt tie Oedit 'f our Autkr, jfj;!,
true Stiife rftho'f i^r/licn, ;. 7/r Miinner in ithirh -ue f^rop'.fe to f^i'ir th,- iiiihii,im.f 'ftlcft irir.ar.}
the Reader. ^. The Defripticn of tie City cf Corin.iiitiiioplc, the t'ctirt cf the (Jrcck Eiipcr'jr,aKi .'.[••
tl.in^i reii:,irk.ihie there, in the If'orJi c/ Ik'Mi.imiii r/Tudcla. 5. yl fueeiut'f Acou ,t ■fhii fru\-!s I"
t'linltantiiunilc t:! Ballora, ir Ballora. 0. Ha yunieyjtom thenee t'l the Vrontien f/ Perti.., to !l.if (',!i j
Aria } twJ n's Aacunt of the 'Tomb c,f the Prt.fkt Daniel. 7. The Ilillorycf the celehrated OaviJtlRv,
a Niitivf rj Arij, ivf.'O ft up for the Meffiah, tfidiieed the Jews to rr. Jt from the Kit:^^ ',f Perfu; ' ..■
Mi''(.de) fiiid !.o i- perfrmed h\ l.im, and ',f hii depkrahle End. S. The Rcut Ji "^m \\\.\, tinJ th }>'■..:■
tains r,j (iaj'hton r; the Mountains '/ Nill)()fi or.d the River U.xus, by I I.inuiiaM and II] alun. 9. /)/>;;-
ticn pf the Mcvtatm ';/ Nilhon, cr Niflmr, inhabited b\ the Tribes '7 Dan, Zi;l)ul)ii, Aihcr, fl«</.\\sh-
tliali. The Hi/lnr\ cf the fi'\ir betiiern tie Ccpheral Turks and the "I'trfians, / •: .'/ur ti/V/; an //,,:,v:! •
RabhiMoies, 10. Return to Chuztftaii Defiripti'n of the IJlaud 0/ Nckrokis, if the Pearl h':^:^,
cj Intra! (Icuttories in the Indict, tf ti: dia/'c/ua! l^miiiies of the i\,/tives, and fittti t' tJffn:' ^'y,
cr toe Sea ^/ China. 1 1. R;^/ /rcw Ciiii.;.ila info litliiopia, and Jrom thence t (JnuulV....;: . 1:. .f.'.v
DeJ'cripticn cf the Ci.'y cf Mit<;r.ui)i, (r (Jraiid Cairo, the i^tate rf the Jews ;'/ that C'i/n:^\, ^t : ::o-
jiouing cj the Nile, c/ the f,jnr.us C/umnfcr meafunng the Rife of tl:ut River, the IWtilityj trtCsta'.r-i
e/ Egypt, the Mouths if tie River Nile, and the Situation of the ancient City cf Memphis. \-yA'..i-
count of <>...tiy ctloer Cities in I'isiVj't, a lar^e DiJ'.riptisn c/ Alcx.iiuirij, and the prineipal flin^i thirnr,
"Xith tl)e State rJ its Commerce at the Time of cur Autlxr's being there. 14. A couife .tccMn: \\ h
Return into FuroiK-, and g'ing back tnts Lis nati'je Country o/'Sjwiii. 15. Rcmaris anU Ot'firuu:^ ii
the Joregcing Travels.

• ^ I "V 1 1 r U I arf fi w Autlv .rs letter known to the
I Ic.irii'M W (,rLi t.'ian in;r J>.>.jami», taiird lium
JL th" 1'lai.c (.1 hi', H;nh Birj.imin cf luuda, a
viry j'k.ir.int Tovmi in .Wiv.nr^, on iht OMifincs of the
Kin^>!.inv, <A (.'..;,',•,'■ ami .h-ru^cK. Thr Jru:', who Ix^rt
very miuli of our Aiiihi.rS \Vuik, inform us, that he was
the Son of U.ibl'i ymas, w!i<> was Uitkii at 7uJe/a ; but
lhi.-y do not acquaint u> with the Year in which our Author
w.is Ujrn, of »li.u I'rot. |]".(,i) !,r wa>, (.r what iiidii. cd hiin
to travil. In ihort, all tli.it ai tins DdlaiKr of 'I'lnK laii
N- diliovcrt-d on t!if Suhj'.;. .nuouMbU, no more than [lii'=,.
that he l)ej<an his Iravd,, y/. /). 1 ifco, and that he ended
fh'ni in 1 173, whi' h w.is th'.- very Year in whiih he died.

I hell- Ii.ivclsul liii ii.ivc U til always in ^rr.u Creiiit
aniopi;!! his cwn Lountryinen, who ncvrr Cite tluni but
Willi til'- ^;>rat(•(^ Ai-pLiiile •, nriilur liavr thrn- [^'-n w.u;t-
in|' f-Vrn/' vrry !( ar.ied Chriiliun'., who have been of
ill'- laii-,1- Opinion, to wiiieli piobably u may I,- owing,,
that li'Mii ,/./) I 4 , when It -AiWl!!'. pui.[.-l a! Cf»/'/iJV

tinop'e, we have had of this Book no iefs than fixtcrr. c •
timit Llditio.-'.s and fume of them liy ilie ahlell Lr:;::^;

'i'.ht firi^ Veiliiiti ol it rhat apjiciu-J in I-oiii wi' '
I "-■;, by P.enti.tcl .A.-jj Muntunui, a Man iif grrai 1:-' •
iiiL;, and high Riput.ition, who in Ins I'n lace im!.:.' '■
tonipliinents to tlie Sp^tiiijh Nation on anounf nl I'.'f*
rovt-rirs made by them in the niolf diftar.t I'ara ot c
World.

Tlhs, however, did not hinder CoKpnline I'E'"''':'
from linking anotlier TranlLition in 16 jj, with tin- /i.'.*"»
Text in the Marj^in, ^nd the Addition of vay l'-""
Notr^ ; notwithllandini; which, many i;i"i ^-'iti^^'''''*'
telbficd an earnt-ll Defue to fee anotliir ;in'.i lliH wfr«- '
Vcrfion, fir;ce to fay the IVuth, there a;' fimcilF
I riors in th!-; as well as in the liiriiur Tiar.llauun, ov^';*-
Ci\, as ! Loneeive, chiefly by the Millakcs that have xr.
ixulW by Tranferibers in t!ic I'ext, wh. re wc havc-^^'-'-
Namcs of Countries, Cities, id l'rii,re'. tlu: ncv;: »■•
litaij of 1:1 any oilur Au:!ior , and i!i r:l.ri ar; »:(.;-

^.Mi'

( h;lp. II.

" of the East Indie s-

547

i; .i(bn holicvcd to h.ive come l.y l .me fucli \A\^aV>: into C.rctct to Canfl.mtimplt, anJ lii liis VtXxOR travcr'^-J fh
thi-, tir' rather, fxr.iwfc on comj-ariii- fcvcril luiitu,=is, (.„ui«ry u\ W^Ubia^ Tlus ukes uj) hi» f.nirth' Cl.aii
fomr of thrif I'.rrors h.ivc h«n ilct c ml unJ amciukd, tor, bm .is there it nothing very « xiiaorilirury inihi;. I'ar

vluJi afToriU m rtiom to hoi)p th.u loinc time or otkr )o ot his Woik, an i as w. li.ivc no Xocm tu Ijure, I tluiu

it bcttir ti) omit thflc Lh.iiitcrs than Co alHiiltic th'in, b

iii.iuiotn a Ciiin'k may anir, as wrill be al)lc to to.rrcdt
thorn all, and givr \\\ tim Author in his genuine I'li-ity,

1, But, notwirhftanding tlie great Rfj'u(.ifii)n of our
Antlior, i' mevcrv ((mrulirablc Wiifrs, aiul thole tooix-
trrmcly wtll v ilci miUhrrxi l/.irninp, have attackni thii
Wort, of his with iiuich Vivacity. M. I f''>igfnjlil lor iudMir,

the
1-

Uri
t

caulc I niufl luvt given tlie Scnli ot the Autlwr in my
own \\ onls, wliieli woui.l nut liavc put it in tl.r k. ailti's
I'uwcr to Ibrin any Ju>i^;nKnt ot the Writer's .Sule or
M.mncr ol Writing. In iiis tilth Ciupti r h.- gives along
Ai'tount of tlic City ot CcuJI.iiitinofU, ot thtr Court of

who wrote a vtiy Icirncd Drf.ncc of the C'hiilliun Keli- the Cnd I'.mpeior, and tit the State that lliingb weit in
giim ag.iiiift the Cavil? and Al'pafioiw of the Jrvs, is at the 'lime of his liciot; tlnre, with many otlar curious
flMled tofay ofthi» \yritr, tlutwlitnmr he nuets with 1'artiv.ulais, a.id tlierehie 1 h.ivc yiven this Lh.ipter at

' ~ "' «— .1. . 1 1 ,et...%.r 1 lai(.' •, aeeoMiiMtiird widi liitii exiiiaMtnry Notes a-, were

requ.fite, that i might alVurd the Ki.adrr a [noper Sjxti-
men (A tins l\ilorinaiKe, witljout tretpailin^ too iiuich
on his 'i'liii or my ov/n.

4, *' lu.ni lliciice wc travelled three Day: Journey to
" Mltr., Icatcd upo'i the .' i-Shore, am! trav-lhng live
•» Days Juurn; y moix anion;^ the Mcu .tains, one conies to
" C««/?/. >;///;;/■/:-, an execi.lmg great City, uiul the Head
" ol t^.e KingJom of 'Javiuiiws', or thole cJled Urciiks.
" I'lii- Is thj principal Seat of the l'!;u[)eror E>na.,ud*t
•' whole Commaiui tWi Iv;' Kii.i;3 obey j tor cv, ry one
" whereof th' re are fevcial i'al.ites at CoHjliintiiiopU, and
" they have .iil(> rortrellls ai d Governments, and i.nto
" tilde the whole Land is fubjeu. The i'liiuipal and
" Chieiell i*tallid .'pripus, l\K{\onu\ Mya Dnm.ijlukitz,
" t!u third DcHituct, the iourth Maikuucus, ilie tilth Ik-
" Homus Mijii, ar.vl the r.tliiave Na.ius iike unto tlielc ».
" The Compafs ot the C:ty of Cjnjlantinopk containctii
*' eii^liteen Miles, one half of it llandeth upon the Sea,
" but the (;[., r half on th ■ Continent, and it is feated up-
*' on two Anus of the Sea, into one ot whieh die Sea
" tlows out of Ruffia, bur 1 ■.:> the other from Spain, .inJ
" it is tii'ijudited tiy many Irader^ Iroin the i'rovinccs
" and Countries ol Jt,il>yloii, Seuiuir, Media, Pi'/u, and
" all the Kii.j^.ioni ot t.'iypt and Land ot Canaan, and
" the Kiiigilum.s of Rujji:i, Hungury, and J'Jiiinki, liuria,
" Lombardy, and Sp.:in.

" Thr City itfelt is e.Tretrively populous, unto wh'ch
" Merch.Mirs rel'irt (jiitof all Ci)u;i'';es, travelling tluther
" both by St a aiui Land. It hath none to compare with ic
" in the W'oild, rXTept H-^Jat, that miglityCity of Mic
" IjnuhliK;. 1 lere is th. moll tamous I'emple of Sr. So-
" pl-'iii, aiii.l the I'atriarcli o; tlie 6>tv.'(7.'/j dwelletli here,
" nor do they agree in Doctrine with tlic i\)pe ol Kcmc.
" There arc in ic all i as many Altars in Nunibe" as Days
" in the Year ; but it hath an exceeiling ['jeat ricallire
" almotb tn-yond all Eilimation, I'y the Oifeii'';^,.s and
" Riches yearly brou^^lit fioiii divers Couiittief!, liliiids,
" (.allies, foils, and I'l.ices, fo that the W'.uith ot no
" 'I'emple in thr whole World lan tie comparei.! with the
" Riches thercot i ar.vi in the Midll of the U'eniplc there
" are I'lllars of (iold and Silver, huge Candlellicks, 1 ,aii-
" thorns. Lamps aiul other Ornameius of thelV precious
" Metal.,, more lii.in any Man i,^ able to reckon. Nixtad-
" joining to the Walls of the Icinple, there is a Place
" built tor the Lmjieror's Diverfion, called IlippoJnmus,
" where yearly upon tlie Hath-day ot Jesis of A'.Ji.j-
" ret/j, great Speclacles arc pubhekly prefented, and

thing that makes for th'- I lonour of his Nation, he is
nor iinly careful tn report it 11 it- full I'.xtent, but evei. ven
turn lometim' s to ex. red the Truth '.

1 he famous /hilin^er deals as freely, or rather more To,
»ith Btijiimtn ; his Voyage, (dy% he, is puU'ed up with
Jtutf.' pride, and the fole Aim of it is to cleceive and mil-
lead I'^f Ignorant into an Opinion, that oljfcurc and un-
known ;'';aces are full of the Cilory of the '/cirf, I If adds
farthiT, til ' there are many ['ables and Contr.ididions in
tiic l?o( ^, . .>! Hill more Stori'*s that arc reported upon very
Ilemlet dri-und'. : Yet alter all, he concludes, tliat our
Author has many thi.-ys in him that are not to be tounil
cHl-whcrf *.

The very Icarnrd Spa>il.\iin givr- the true Chaiaifler of
the Work in a few Words : It is, uys he, i^retty highly
feafoned with Fables •, tnit there are many good i 'lings i;i
it tiirall that'. This is precifrly the Cafe, the JeK< and
Inch as are fond Admirers of Rabintck Learning have
cried ft up much beynnd its t<al M' r r •, and others again
h.ive, tor a particular Reafon, run it down beyond all Mea-
fif -, nay, th<y have quellioncd ' ictiier our Author ever
ti.nvl'.d at all, and wouKl perlvi.i !e us that he made this
Book without llirring out of Spui'i ; but th( y would have
clone well to have fliewn us how he came by the Material
which 1 tliink a iikkIi harder Talk th in to anl'wer all then
Oliioilioiis.

Il's Countrymen, it feems, frequently quote this Book of
iV^'JiW/nVs, to Ihfw, that thr Jnvs are not yet totally de-
prived of Power, but that there i.s II ill a kind of Sov, rei:vuy
ex rcil'ed by liime of their Nation over their Brethren in
c.,-t.iiii Countries of t!ic Lall, which being luppolul tocon-
tn.i::ltliet'aiiunis I'lopliery relating to tlie lommg of Chrill,
till le Critic ks will have to be a FaliL. I'lit i\ Ri'iijiiiiiin liad
ntvir wrote, ti.e '/. rs would be able to [jrove the Truth
ct this in llronger I'l rms * than it is alTerteil by him, and
yt't without (n'erthrowiig the Application ot that Prophecy
toJcfiisClriil ; and therct'ore this is no Reafon tome tor de-
precLiiini; the Work at all. He h.is ceitainly ( xagi;erated
iuine 'riiii'.gs, and mitl.iken many more. What then, we
fiiuinliaii many things curious and entertaining, which we
can lini no where tile ?

J. Our Author in his firfl Chapter gives us an Account
of his I'ravels l)y l„ind from Sarra^^cjja to M.trfcilUs. in
his fccond Chapter, he tells us tli it li • embarked for Genoa,
a.^d proceeded from thence to Rome, of which \v gives
lis a IXl'cription. lie went from that City tliroii ,'1 the
Kai ;; I'jin ot Nnp!e<: to O:ranto, and filled trom th.iice to
the bland of Corfu, and then palled by Land tinougli

* V I a.i lipmnnai Carmn Nitxaibam in Ttl. ign. Sat. paj;. 574. This Writer is imlaccJ to cenfure our Aiitlu)r, for the Reifons I h.ive after-
ward, .illigncil, ilut is, lii-taufe he thinks what llinjamin has advanced derogatory from tiic f.iinous Prophecy in the 4i;t!i Chapter of Gtnrjii.

" }IH. £...•. ,v,.7. XII p 241.

■ /■•/..,/. nj III}, h. I I'.irt II. Sxcui XII. sc-a. XIV. r-r''-

' It apiwars cvidentiv fiom tlit K s-k". ih it tlif ii' were I'liricip.ilitie^ of the Jnvi in A'ahin M the Time thit M:hammei{ fet up for a P.-ophft,
uliicii IN uTLunly as llrong M aii\ iliihg adv.iixid hy our .Author, .md n, notwithitandini;, a Fact that canma be diipjted.

• 1 lio Maumr an.l Side ot thi'. \ oy ;ge l^ a propi-! .S|)eeiincn of all tlie JriLip U riters, who ufe c.tu'lly ihf feme I'orins in their Nar^'atiins i and
by aHe, .iiig to keep clofe to the N.wiies uf Natioiu and Litics mentioned in the Holy Scriptures, tender tlieir own V\ritings very perplexed and
obniirt

' I lii, IVrm is made Ufe of hy the Jev.i tn fignify the Crirl', becaufe they conceive them to be the Dsfcendants of Jttvan j i: is their Manner of
Wr.iii.j;, aiij ve mull be tontrntcd wiih it It is iruc wc might have given all thii a modern Drels, but then it would have been no longer the Tra-
vt.i uf ft "^ ,«/., of 7uJ, ',;, «h;i.!i w.ii «hat «f ptoiniied

' I hn I nii<ror f'«,ina / is Minu I Cimn.nr,, who afcendcdthe tnijwn.il Throne Y D. 1143, and dini in 1 1 '1. He was f.imoas for hisTrca
f'lery tu the C\\< .ili.m I'tince, ing.igeJ in the 1 loly War, but it is very certain tint the Time of his Reign agrees exactly with the 1 i.iio of our AuiiiOtN-
Vllltllli; the e ily of CanjUiHtinapU'.

" I'licre cannot veil lie any thing m.'rr confnfcl than this Pairipe of our .Author is at firll fight, and yet it i.; not impcuTible to nvike tolcr.iUe
g'»d Sciile (if it Ucnjiimii thonglu that .i< M.nuti was an Emperor, his Minillers and (.iovcrnor$ of Provinces ought to be conlideied .is etinal in
^r.ac .ird Digiiirv to U'ingv There is no I>iiilit gre.it Diiiiciiliy in iranlcribing Crirk VVuids by Ud-.-rui CluLiCtors, elpecially where a i'crlon is not
tally .Vlaitfr ol both Langn.ie.Os, whiih was ceit.iinly the Cafe of our Author, and perhaps the terrors of ihe Work h.uf been lieighteiied as well as
mulnp.icd by fuch as have copied il. .!pripui in the Te.xt very probaliiy im.Wi Pripn/ilui, ox Vii-nf Miniil.r. M,^,i D^m,-,!:i,iitz, is plainly li.e
I'lrtupiiminf Mi.rj- .i ^,ri»i,, or (Ire it Lh.irnln-ri.ini. DiminJ lUiids for Dimvnis. Ma'fiiuim is put fi>r ;*/'"»' iH«JK, Or f.reat Duke, and the lali

.tended for oln...;**. iK^.'jt, ot l.oid High bicwaid.

there

n^i.-rii'i

i: .:f
•■Ml

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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80

(716) •73-4S03

'«?.

4^^

548 The Difcovery, Settlement, and Commerce

Book I.

iw %.•

'^'^■■W-y-\

«♦ thfre all Sorts of Men in all manner of Haliits of the
•« whole VVorKI, appoar bft'orc the Kinp and Queen.
«• 1 .ions alii), and Bear!, Leopards and wild AfTes, .Ire
" brought forth into the I'la. e v. here thele Sfiedades arc
•• to Ix- feen, that ricy may light toc;ether, and Birds
" alii) niter the lame manner : Aiul my Opinion is that in
«« no Country of the World fuch I'rinccly Sports arc to
•• be feen.

" Rut this King fwJHHi-.'.lx'fidcs that Palace left him by
«' his Ancelh)Vs, hath built him another upon the Sea
" Shore, which they call Bdbcrn.r^ the Fillars and Walls
" whereof he hath overlaid with beaten Gold and Silver,
•• whereon he hitli engraved all the Wars made by him
•« and his Anrellors ; aiul he hath prepared a Throne
«» there for himfell of (Jold and precious Stones, and
'» h.ich adorntd it with a golden Crown lunging on high
•r b» (lold Chains ; the Com[X)liire whereof is ccjual with
" ttic Throne itielf, lb enrich'd with precious Stones and
'• Pearls, that the f'liie whereof 110 Man is able to value •,
'< of fo great a Lvirtre, that witiiout th- Airillancc of
•' Light th( y iViine, and may l)e lirn in the Night.

♦• Moreov( r t.'icie are lurli valiiiMc Things in the fime
" PUce, as were iiunvliblc if told ; and Tributes are
" yearly bniUght into that I'alare, wherewith the Towers
«« are liilet with liarlrt and purple (iaimenrs, and (iold ;
" ioth.it the like Example ol building and Kiclui, can
•* no where elle be fouiui in the World. And, it is af-
•• firmed, tliat the Revenue only of this City itfv'lf, ga-
" tlifred from tiu- M.irkets, Haven, and rril)utc of Mcr-
" chants, amou'v. d to Tweity Thoiiland Crowns a Day.
" Furthermore, the (ii'eci.itis theinlelvir. Inhabitants of
" the Country, arc cVLceding rich in (iold, and have
♦• aliundanre <■! precious Stones, and are dn (led in moft
*• liimptuous Apparel, t!;eir Ciarments being m.ade of
•' Crimfjn intirir.in^;!; .1 Wiili (iold, or unbroidertd with
«' Needle-work, anvl aic all carrietl iip'):i Ilorfcs, as if
•' they were the Chil.iren of Kings. Tiu- C'oiii-.tiy iili!f
" lifiiig very large, atwunils with all -Sorts ot 1-ruits, and
•' iiath !;reat I'lei-.ty of Corn, 1-lclli, and Wine j nor is
" there a finer Spot in the whole World to be found. Tiiey
" arc alio learnei), ;ind Ikillul in tlie Difciplin- or the 0>r-
" {iiJn< ; l.ut giving thenifelvi 5 wholly tei I'le.ifurc, they
*' eat and drink i vciy one untier his own \ inc a;id u::;!er
" Itis own Fig-tree. Of all the N.atiors which they call
" HarL\:r:.:n', tin y liave S.V,dii:rs to figlit wit!) the SoU.m
" Kifig (;f the Children of Tbc^arttm, who are commonly
" calleil 'fir^i-j, becaufc thty themfelvcs, through fdlei.efs
•• and Luxury, arc become ijuite unfit tor t!ie Wars, and
*' fccm unto ni; more like Wonvn than Men, th.■ou^Jh
" rheir exicdive Love of I'li afurr '.

*• B'.it no Jc'is ilwcli within the City, for they arc ex-
" lUidtd from tlu-ncc by an Arm of the Sea i>\ Sflpbia ;
" they arc not fo muih as periiiittcd to c.ime into the
•' City but by Bean, and that f)r the fake ot Commerce ;
" »tKl heie arc aUmt two tlioulind jffWi Rabhanitei, he-
'" fiiles five hundred Kiirjtin on the other Side. There
•' IS a Wall to feparate thrtn from the R.ilbaniies, that
" arr the Dilciph-'i ol wili- .Men : And among whom ..V>-
•' t^'.im the Circat, and K. /fklms, and Jmn Cu/pui, and
" 'A>'P^ S!iirji:i>ius, and IJukim the (iovernor, have the
•' clmt .Xi.thonty. Arr.orgR tlulc fomc are .Artilicers of
" filkcn Giirmcnts; but there .art- many Merchants, and
" thole no very tich. No Jcju is there permitted to be
" i.iUK-d on Horfr-lwik, exc-pt Solomm the /\^yptici>i,
" i!)c King's Phylictin, tliro\i:Th whole InrrelV the yrtw
" aie comforted and ealed in ih'ir Captivity, which they
" del to Ix grievoa-. i fur all the ye-xj arc very much
•' hatrd by tiie (ircumu, without making any Ditfe-
•' rencc bttweeii the [^o<xl and evil : But they ^re worft uf d

♦« by the Tanners, who, while they drcfs their Sk
" pour out the filthy Water into the Streets before ih"''
" Doors. They are in general oppreffcil with a ericv«!
" Yoke, and are infultej and beaten in the Street?
" during from every Hand abundance of Injuries 'T
" among the Jews themfelves, fomc arc rich, u \ CI
" faid, and good Men, and merciful, and obfcrve th'
" Commandments, who patiently endure the Mifcry J
" Captivity. The Place wherein they dwell 1$ „||!i
" Pira." "^'^

5. Our Author continued Iiis Journey from Cunkr,
r.pplf to the City of ryre, from thence to "Jernfdim an,i
from thence through the Hcly Land, of wliich he gives
a very pariicukar Dcfcription, to the City of Damfcus-
and from thence to Balback, wliich is in the Neighbor!
hood of the ancient Palmyra, which he calls by its olj
Name of Tadmor, and afllircs us, that there were m it, when
he paflrd through, two thoufand Jncs. He givesmntxta
copious Account of the City of fii»?(/(»/, of thcCourtofthe
Khalitf, and of the Condition of the ^rw in that City
Then he carries us into the Country vi'Thma, where he
places a whole Nation of Jnvs, about which there have
been great Difputes ; and Ibme would have us helicv;
that the whole is a Forgery. However that Matter be'
as It It no way relates to my Subjeft, I dul not think it re-
quilite to trouble the Reader therewith, efpccially as there
are Stories enough of the fame kind in the rell of the
Book. In his fifteenth Chapter, he acquaints u<, that
he procceiled to Betzra on the River 'Tigris, which ii
piaily Bii.jlr^i, or Bajfcra, a Pl.ice fie(]uently mciitiuncd in
the pri ceding I'art of this Work; ami from thence he
continued his Journey through Pcrfia, as I (hall acquai.r.t
the Reader in his own Words ".

" 6. The River ^JOTfftfTii is clleemid the Liinitscf the
" Kin:;ilom oi Perfia, and near it (lands a City of the
" laiiu N.ime, wherein dwell fifteen hundred Jns.
•• There is the Sejuilchre of Kfdrtis the Scribe and Pricl!,
" who died at this llace in his Return from Jtrujiilm to
" the Court of Arlaxcrxes. Our I'eople have built before
" this Sepulchre a great Synagogue; and on the cthvr
" Side the IJ?jmaelilc<, i. e. the Jrabians, or Mchmm-
" dans, have built a Mofque ; fo great is their Efteen
*' for Efdras, and their Rel|x-(5f for the Ifrathtei. It is
" on this Score alfo, that the /y/jw<jf/;/« relbrt hither to
" pray.

" It is four Miles from hence fo ChuzfJIhn, which is
" the fame with £/jw, that great City of old ; biiti; is
" now in ibme meafure ruined and uninhabited. Atone
" I'.nd, but ill the midll of Ruins, is Sufi, a Csflle,
" and formerly the Pal.acc of ALr.fucrm ; fome Remains
" of which are yet (^.uiiiing. ThtTe are here fevcnthcu-^
" find Jci'i and fourteen Synogogiu-s, before tnc et
" which (lands the Tomb of D'amd. The Rivrr Ti-
" g,ris ' runs through the City, over wliich there :s a
" Bridge. All xh<:Jt:is that live on one Sit'e ar-vcry
" rich, h.ave Shops extremely well filled, and carry en a
" great Commcrre, Thofr on the other Side the Rivtr
•' arc all poor, having neither Market, Shops, GarJm,
" nor Orchards. Tlie Senle of their Condition thrtw
" them onrc- into an Iiifi.rrei'tion, from a Notion th^t.-.l
" the (dory and K a lies of thole on the other Side thtK;-
" ver, fprung from no other Caufe than their havngu:
" Sepulchre of the Prophet Daniei on their Side.

" They dcm.inded therefore that his Tomb ftioiikl K'
" transtVrred to their Side \ but the otiiers vehemently op-
" jiofipg this, a War began, of which both Sides growing
" weary, it w.as ai^reeil, that the Cotfin ul /)j»/<'/ llioulJ
•' remain one Year on one Side the River, ami the r,rx:
•' Year on the other. This Treaty wa. obfcivcd till lui;i

' rro«n-fr (^..-p 01 (.-itjf «!,;, I lurifln of ilie Vmy\e at CMfltntimf.', may fccm, yet ii i^ txrvond sll qacftiin very jufl and wtH fcKmiti, fi')
fup, 'Th «h .. «r have .!t ,.t.f.i „ivm ilus .SubjcU ,„ Uit C.xieeiith btclion, and is at once a Mark of Vcricitv in thefe ■IVavcIs, and of the Mm
CafJcily 111 vMgirn; "' "''■■" '" '•■*

(>iir A'.'imi-. I r.<vcH. mih Ihr P.rmark« iKWlTarv to expLiin thfm. woiiM. if dfl.vfml e: tirr, take up s jreat many S'heeu ; aivl fcr thi< Rt.-'j
It r-, and tiwi »< in.y l.rtp ilx :-ui,..;ia» inuUmnlny lijui.a, »•, miiajlc. tl..ii we ukc thu .MtiliuU of acuuojnting the Rcudrr w:th ilir Contcri' «
liii Work

' Our Author !■ .i liiilr out liert in hi, fift-prnnhy, for il.f I'im Tirri, do« not eome nf«r ihii City ; the Rivtr he mnnt »ii .iwKnily rf'J
/ nj.r.,, and ..n ihr imidcrn M.ips wr find it Oder htd ..nee, ihir ^.lmc of Cc^,. It :• , in all l'ri)l>abilitv. the fame .v before- miiui-nfJ, »)«'" ' ;; ',
«.riii<.--»ili hivt lobft* iUntot mu Autiwtr-> inikir-^ . bm ihe Irjih ot liie Maiirr ii, that thf River Cre/i uko in Rili: nf Jr alowj'";"
*«•..►-, (rum whence he im^hi hear 11 ullcd the kuci ei iamr.i,.inii fjtii «ii l.iiui, forlidtriiii; I'- '''— '"''■ '" '"•"' '' ""' *"* '^""""■^

; the Times in yjhicli he lived, is not very com

tune

Chap. II.

of the^

East I n d i

E s.

« time as Unlgar Shab, Son to the great Shah of Ptr-
.< fia, who rules over forty-five Princes, cancelled it. He
" 18 calleJ i" '^'""i" Sultan Pbart'Al-CbaUrt which is as
•' much as to fay, Great Emperor of Per/ta. His Empire
" extends from the Mouth of the T^vaSamoura to the City
.1 oiSmarcani, and to the River of Cexan, the Province
•< ot Gijior., including the Cities of the Mtdes, the Moun-
I. (jins of UapbloHt and fo to the Province of Tbibtt \ in
« the Forefts of which Country are found the Animals
» that produce Mullc. I^lis Empire is four Months and
" four Days Journey in Extent "■.

<> When therefore this great Monarch Sanigar King of
» PtrftacametoElam., and faw them tranfporting the Cofiin
•> dDutiel from one Side of the River to the other, with 4
<< great Croud of 7<wi and IJbmatlites upon the Bridge, he
•• demanded what they were dcung, and the Rcafon ottheir
•' doing it \ and being informed of what has been before
•< related, he decided the Point thus. It is by no means
<< decent, faid he, that the Remains of Haniel fliould be
•' treated in this manner % meafure therefore to a Place
•' that is at an equal Diftance from both Sides, and there
•' let the Coffin of Daniel be fufpendcd in a Glafs Cafe,
<> (aliened to the Middle of the Bridge by Chains of Iron,
« and let there be a fpacious Edifice built in the fame Place
" in the Form of a Synagogue, open to all People, whe-
" ther "Jtvii, or of other Nations that incline to come
" thither to fay their Prayers °. As a ftill ftrongcr Mark
" of his Eftecm, that Emperor likcwife torbad, by an ex-
•' preis Edift, that any Man ihould take Fifli out of the
" River for one Mile below, and another above, for the
•' Reverence and Honour of Daniel."

From hence to Rebad-bar arc three Day's Journey, where
dwell twenty thoufand IfraeliUt, among whom there arc
Tery many Difciplcs of the Wile-men, and alfo fome of
them very rich ; but thcfe live under the Power and Au-
thority of a ftrange Prince. In two Day's Journey from
thence you Come to the River Fantb, where are four thou-
fand Jew, or thereabouts ; but four Day's Journey from
the River lieth the Country Molbat, the Inhabitanu whereof
believe not the Do<flrine of the Ifmaeiiles, but they dwell
in ve7 Arong Mountains, and they obey an Elder, whofe
Seat is in the Country Akhejifitt •, and among thefc there arc
four Colleges of the Jfraelites, and they go forth to the
Wars with them ; nor are they I'ubjcdt to the Dominion
of the King of Perfia ■, but live in high Mountains,
from whence dtfccmling, they invade the bordering
Countries, and drive away Booties, and return ag.ain, fear-
ing no Man ; but the JewSy who dwell among them, are
the Difciplcs of the wile Men, and obey the Head of the
Captivity of SatyltM.

You travel five Day's Journey from hence to Omaria,
where are five-and-twenty tiu>ufand Ifraelitts ; and it is the
Beginning of the Synagogues of the Inhabitants of thcMoun-
nins of Hepbttn, which arc known to be more than an
hundred in Number i and in thcfe Places the Country of
Media beginneth % and thcfe are of the firft Captivity car-
ried away by King Salmanafar \ but they fpeak the Cbaldee
Language, and among them are the Difciplcs of the wife
Men, and the chief City Omaria^ pertaining to the King-
dom of Pcrjla, within one Day's Journey ( but they are
under the Dominion of the King oiPtrfia^ to whom they

.);or'\Ar

549

pay Tribute -, and the Tribute appointed in all the King-
doms of the l/maelitest is for Males above fifteen Yc^rs old,
one Golden Amir, which is in Value one Spanijb Morar
betine Piece of Gold and an half, or half a Crown of our
Money.

7. It is now twelve Years fince a ceitain Man named
David Elroi arofc in the City of Omaria^ who was the
Difciplc of aafdai, the Head of the Captivity, and of
Jacob the honourable Head of the Affcmbly of Levi, in the
Metropolitan City of Bagdat > he became very learned in
the Law of Mefes, and in the Books of Doftrinc, and alfo
in all Wifdom j in the Language of the I/mailites, and in
the Books of the Ma^cians and Inchanters j he therefore
took it in his Head that he would raife Arms againit the
King of Perfia, and gather together the Jewt who dwelt
in the Mountains of Haphton would war againil the whole
World, and go to Jerufalem and win it by Affiiult { and
that he might perfuadc the Jews thereto, he Ihewed them
lying and deceitful Signs, affirming that he was fent fiom
God to Jerufalem, and to free them firom the Yoke of the
Nations, fo that widi many of the Jews he procured Credit
unto himfelf, and was owned by them for their Mefliah ••

The King of Perfia hearing the Report of this Infurrec-
tion, fent for him to talk with him, to whom he went with-
out any Fear i and it being demanded whether he was the
King of the Jewsy he boldly anfwered, that he was j and
he was thereupon apprehended and call into the Goal, in
which State Pnfoners arc kept all their Lives. This Prifon
is in the City Dabaftran, nigh the great River Gozan. After
three Days a Council of the Princes and Minifters being
called by the King, in which they confulted as to this In-
furreftion of the Jews, David was prefent there, being
cfcaped out of Prifon, no Man knowing thereof. When
the King faw him, he demanded, IVho hntb brought thee
hither, or delivered thee out of Prifon ? " Mine own Wif-
" dom, anfwered he, for I am not afraid of thee, or thy
" Servants." Then the King cried out to thofe about
him. Seize him ! lay Hands on him ! To whom the Princes
and Servants anfwered, that his Voice was heard by all, but
he was fccn by none f.

The King wondering at his Wifdom, was aftonilhcd.
David then cried out aloud, Lo, I take wy Way \ and
he began to go before, the King following him, and all
the Nobility and their Servants followed the King. When
they came to the Bank of the River, David fpreading abroad
his Handkerchief upon the Waters, palled over dry, and
at that time was feen of all. They endeavoured to purfue
and uke him with litUe Boats, which they attempted in
vain } and thence concluded, that no Inchanter in the
World might be compared to him. As for David, he tra-
velled that Day ten Day's Journey, coming to Omaraia i
through the Virtue of the ineffable Name ^, he declared
what had befallen unto him to their great Amazement.

But the King of the Perfitns fending Meflengers unto
Bagdat, informed the Great KhalifFof the Ifmaelites of this
Matter, and requefted that he would caufe David Elroi to
be retrained from fuch Entcrprizes, by the Head of the
Captivity, and the chief Rulers of the Aflcmblies, other-
wife he threatened total Dellrutflion to all the Jews living
in the Kingdom of Perfia. All the Synagogues of the
Kingdom of Per^a falling thereupon into great Fear of the

* This pompous Account ofan Emperor commMxling over forty-live Kings is veiy fiiiable to the Genius oFa7<<u»y& Traveller ; but the Dlffioilljr
h to find out who he is «f whom all this is faid. We lead in Elmaeinmi of a Prince of this Name, who was the Son of a King of Ptrjia, and flourifhed
about this lime ; and therefore it ii very probable, that this Dccifion is to be afcribed to him in the Life-time of his Father, though Beitjamn feems
to ittrilxtu it to the Shah, or Emperor himfelf.

' Ihis CiitumAaoce is not in iifclf very coofiderable > but in fo large a CoUeQioa as this, it wu neoeflaiy to have • WiitR fo much talked of a«
^r Author, and the Reader cannot think his Time thrown away in acquiring by this Inltance the Power of jodging of bch • Performance i for, as
I obfcfved before, the Jtvai/b Atithors all write alike.

' 'I Kis Story, as extrmvagpiM u it feems, is really a Matter of Fa£i, and as fuch it recorded by two Jnuijh HifloriiM, vt%, R. Stltmt Bin firga,
R D»vU 0'4«/K, who ^IM M'vn A.t). s 1 3 $, which, at fame Criticks have obferved, does not agree with the Date affigncd by our Author, who
layi, it happened twelve Veart before he was there. This, however, ii no great Milbke, even if we Ihouhl admit that it is our Author's Millake, tho'
t°r ray part I IhouM fuppofe it as etfy for the other Writers to err in this particular. The whole, however, may pctfaan be folved, by fuppofing that
l^fiamin cticied th« Arrrumt tk*, k» Ka« o!w.>n iic frnm (nm^ Mil>nr« nF thi^ ImDollor writtaq i we lv Years after this Jnlurredion. However It be.

ili'iamii, copied the Account that he has given us from fome Killory of this Impollor written tM

tiic I hing is of no g^at Moment, any more than the Difiietence between the Name ipeotioacd by <wr AiKhor, and that of David El DaviJ, which

>> oM ill the other HiiWics.

' There arc fome little Variations in the Manner in which thefe FaQs ate told by the other Hiftorinu | but they are of no great Confeqaence, and
imcfore 1 Ihall not trouble the Reader with them, neither Ihould I have nwnlioBed theft Writers at ail, but to convince the Keader, Uiat this is not a
1 ut inventcil by Biigmmin, at he might othetwife very readily imagine.

^ Both the Latm 1 ranflatort have milled the Senfe as to this Name, which the Jt<vi.i call ineffiible, beoufe they are perfuaded that the true Pro-
^ncistion of the Name of tiod it k>tt, or unknown i and they pretend, that whoever hat the Secret of pronouncing it right, is able thereby to work
Mireclet They likewilc aflcrt, that by this Meant our Saviour wrought his < and though ibit be a vciy idle Conceit, vet it it worth the knowing,
Mcuie .! (hews pl^nly, that the 7ru< Uo not pretciul IQ deny tht Mitten «f Fait, but v% forced to have Rfctacfii W thia Evafion, in order to juiUty

tUir Incftdulity. ' ' • '\

1 r t?

I I;

• '') '

Numb. XXXVm.

Matter,

The VOYAGES and "TRAVELS

1 4.

i<r-i

Martrr, fint I^ettrrs thrreforc unto the Heads of the Cap-
tivity, and to the Heads of all the AlVembiies in Bagiat to
this Purpofe : Wh Jbonld we Hie Itfortyeur Eyes, as well
we as all the UniverJiiUs fuhjeil unto this Kligitomf Reftroin
tL'is Man, ice b'iftccb you, left innocent Blood he Jhed,
Therefore the \ lead of the Captivity, and the chief Rulers
of tlie Aflcml'lics, wrote l/rtters unto David El Rot to the
following F.lVeit : I4'e give you hereby to underftand, that the
Time of our Dtiiiery is net yet eome, and that our Signs,
wticb ought to frectde that Deliverance, are not yet feen ,
and a hlan is not madeftrong through Prides wherefore we
rnjoin you to ahflain wholly from fuch Enterprizes and jIt-
tePiPts', othtrv'fe ye fhall be excommunicated, and cut off from
dl Ifrael.

They alfo by Meflengers advertizetl Zachai 1/anafft,
who was in the Country of -^/«r, and Jofeph, furnamed the
Sf/r, Burban yllpelech living there, that David Elroi
mi"ht be reftniined by Lcttirs written from them, whidi
was diligently purlued by them, but ail in vain ; for he
would not for'lakc that wicked way, but jierfiftcd till a cer-
tain King of tlie fcgarmim called Zinaldin, fiibjixft to the
King of Perjia, fcnt ten thoufand Pieces of GoUl unto the
Father-in-Law of David Elroi, and pcrfuadcd him to end
thefe Troubles, by privately killing his Son-in-Law, which,
whc-n he had undertaken to perform, he thniit David
through with a Sword in his Bed as he flcpt •, and this was
the Knd of all his Subtilty and Delufions '. But even when
he was dead, die Anger of the King of Pcrfsa was not ap-
peafeil towards thofc People of the Mountains, and other
Jrjjs tubieft to him, anil fettled in his Dominion ; and
therefore they defircd once more Help from the Head of
the Captivity, who going to the King himfelt, apjxrafid
him by mild and wile Speeches •, and having prclintcd him
with one hundred Talents of Gold, he (b mollified him, that
tliere was ever aftcrwartis great Qiiieincfs through the
whole Country.

8. From thcfe Mountains before defaibcd, you travel
ten Days Journey to Hamadan, the principal City of the
Country o{ Media, \n which City there arc about fifty thou-
land Jrjjs ; and in tliat City over-againft one of the Syna-
gogues arc the Sepulchres of Mordeeai and h.fiher. Da-
treftan is four Days Journey diftant from hence, where
four thoufand fev:: dwell, nigh unto the River Curan-,
but from thence you travel feven Days Journey to Ifpaban,
a very great Cit}', the Capital of this Country, and twelve
Mill-?, in Compfs, wherein there are about twelve thou-
fand Jfraelites, over whom Shallum Is apppintcd by the
Head of the Captivity, as alfo over all the reft of the IJra-
tliies who dwell in the Cities of Perjia. After four Days
Journey you come to Siaphaz', the mod ancient in this
Country, called Perfidis of old, from wIkpcc the Name
■was given to the whole Province, in which there arc al-
moft ten thoufand Jms.

From Siapba^, in fcven Dayi Journey ycu come to ilic
City Ginah, fcated nigli the River Gozan, to which there
rcJbrt Merchants of all Nations and I-mguages, and where
are about eight thoufand Jews. The faithclt City of this
Kingdom is the famous HamareanJ ; and five Days Jour-
ney from (sinah, where arc fifty thouihnd Ifraeliies, over
whom Obdias nileth ■, and among thcjn arc many wife and
rich Men. In four Days Journey from hence you come to
Thibet, a capital City ot the IVovincc ot the fame Nanir,
in the Furefls of which arc the Animals found that produce
Mulk.

g. About twenty-eight Days Journey from thence lie
the Mount^iiu ol Nijli>n, which arc fituatcd near the River

BookL

Gozan » and fomc of the Jtws that inhabit Pnh ,(t
that in the Cities ot Nijhor dwell the four IrSfS;

'■■-■'icKin'

W), ,1

bor, the Mountains of Gozan, md the Mou'nl7im7S;',

carried away in the firit Captivity by !!o/ma>,afar tl k'"

it is yinticn,.iwd he carried them away intcf't'eMafk

Their Country is extenilcd twenty D.iys Journey in L t
with many Cities and Caftles inhabits, all mountaZ'
the River Gozan running on the one .Si jc , |,i,t ,|,j 1 '
bitants arc abfolutely free, and are ruled by a certain u
virnor, whole Name was at this Time Jcfipb Ammk:,
Lcvite, and among them arc the Dilciplw of WiibMcJ,
They fow and reap, and are at War with the Children of
Chus, who dwell in the Defarts. They arc in LfKue
with the Cepberall Turks, Worfhippers of the VVimb^
People who lead tlieir Lives in the Defarts, neithrr eat
Bread nor drink Wine, but feed on the raw 1 :-ih d
Bealb, as well clean as unclean •, ami thtfe litlur new
killed, and yet trcniMing with 1 .ife- Hlo<xl, or c!ri«l iu'-
Air, but unboiled. They devwir alfo the l.imbs torn \m\
Bcarts yet alive. Tlu-y fcem to want Nolb; hut inftrji
thereof, they have two Holes in tlieir f'aces,thrfjU';h*h;i'i
they breathe. They arc Friemls to the lire,lit(,\

It hapivncd alxnjt fifteen Years fime, 'that invaJlins; t.h;
Country of Perjia with a great Army, they v.inquiliultiic
metropolitan City Rei ; and having made a mighty Shut'li.
ter afterwards, uttctly walled it, aiui fpoilal tlieHoui,;
and Fields, and carried away a prodigious Plundtr, n-
turning through the Defarts, a Calamity which for mary
Ages was never felt in Ptrfia. The King of Vtrjia, v;.
hcmcntly enraged, laid, In the Days of my Anccftor?, no
Army never came out of this Dcliirt, therefore will 1 go a
Purfuit of them and dellroy them from the Earth. Ho
affembled accordingly an Army for War, and licking kzi
Guide to whom the Places cf that Nation were kr-uwn, 3
certain Man offered himfclf, who affirmed, that he wk
of that Nation, and knew their DwcHirgs ; hut heir;
afkcd what Provifmn was nccClTary for t!ic Army, he 2r-
fwered Bread and Water for fifteen Day?, which you wd.
fjjcnd in palTing through the Defarts. When they hJ
marched thefe fifteen Days, the Army found fheml'eivs
delfitutc of Subfiftancc tor Men or Bcafts, without I'-t;-;
any thing of the Place whither they intended to go, orih:
leaft Signs of an inhabited Country. The Guide »;>
nfked for by the King, whofiid to him, youfcehcw*:!'
you have kept your Word, tJi u*; where are our I .".ct!.^
that you afliired us you could difcover ? The Guido liii
by way of Fxcufe, I have loft my W.iy •, and the Kr-
thereujion lofing all l^atience, ordered iiiin tobefiitw
Death, tunimanuing at the fame time by ProcbiHatir,
that whoever had any Provilions in hi? .'Irmy, fta:!,!
bring them forth, and divide them with hij Com-
panions*.

They then cat up all that they had, even totheBcjf^i
that carried their Baggage ; and ni this liirtnlTed Cundi-
rion they profeaJtetl their M.ireh for ihirtren l>jys more,
til! at laft they arrived at the Mountains of A':fcr, ;nhj-
bitcd by the Je^vs. 'I'hc Per/tans encam[V(i themlclvci
among the (ianlens and Orchards by thf -Side dl:r.'s
drawn from the River Gozan. As it was then the.Valoi
of ripe Fruits, they cat what they thouj^tit iir, and m^'
free with ail they found, no lx)d'y (oiiiin!^ out to 0(';t:s
them : But at a Dillanic tliey difcovercd among theM^t^r
tains ftverai Hainlcts, ;uid fomc lorts, tliat looked i:w
Places of Strength. The King of Pnfia biing in-
formed of all this, fcnt two of his Scr^'ants to dilwv::

• T»ie AuJhon »<; hnvt lirfwe ri»«d, lell m th« ftme S«ory m » the Death of thi« ImpolJor, but with 1 CiKumftance that 5/ra*" Im <»''"■
which is, that the Jiivt thmWvts were obi^ to riife the Icn thoufand Piece* uJ (JuU that wotc given » a Bribe to the J-athei m-U* ol W>".
fcr liilUiic him *hen he wa> ivdeqi. ,. , ■ ,

" All the 'IniilUlon sihI C'omhteiititort on oar Author, have httn at a I^f. to conceive what Place he mulct mean hy thi> i ""* >i",' ,.^"
Difficulty II not quiie (o preit ai they rrptefent it ! for to tnc it a{>|<ear9 very plain, tliat thi* City was Sihiiar, which anfweii c.xi^llv "'' ' ,"'^„,j
A? for Confufion in Namr >, I have alreadf affpicd the Cuife of it, which wu hi> e»pftlling, m Httrrtv tharaden. Word) ihM tncic LUf'-
could not cxprtfs, and in cxfJrclTiiig which Word» he was entirely jovemetl l>y their Sound.

that the Ka/mitc fat
ihor n not i.'iucli out
H.i(lrrn f-lifloriani i

• This E»pedilion i ^_ ^ .._ .,, . _

elfewhcre ; and our Author 'tell) u> very hOneHly how he came by ii 1 neither do I think that the Drateiily with wliicJi hi> ^''"""'""""*i^^'
mwlc their Court to both Parti*, H I CtrcuiibuKC thai in ih« Opinion of fuch ■> are acsuainteU with that Nation, »di render 11 »t m i-'P

Chap. II.

of Benjamin de TudelA/

wlut Nation it was that hid fettled in thefe Mountains,
anddircfted them for this Purpofc to pafs the River either
by Boats, if they found any, or if not, by fwimming.

Thefe Men had not proceede<i far in their Journey be-
fore they met with a Bndge that was very well built, and
had a good Barrier \ and on the other Side of the Bridge
they law a very Jarge City : They immediately called out,
and the Town's People coming to the Gate, demanded
who they were, and to whom they belonged •, but as they
underftood not each others language, they were forced to
wait till an Interpreter was called, who underftood the
fnfian Tongue ; he having put the fame Queftion, they
ant'wcrcd, We arc Servants to the King of Ptrfia^ and we
come to know who yon are, and who is your Lord. The
Townfmen replied. We are 7«t>/, and not fubjeA to any
King or Prince of the GeMiles, but we have a Prince of
our own. The Ptrflans then informed thcmfelves as to
the Copbtral Turks, and the Jews told them, that they
were their Allies, and that whoever were their Flnemies,
they mull regard as Enemies to themfclves. Thefe two
Men returning to the Camp, and having reported to the
King what they had difcovercd, he was very much at a
Lol^ how to proceed. The Jews on the next Day col-
Icfted their Forces, and the Day following offered them
Battle.

The: King declined fighting, and addreffed himfelf to
the Ji'.viP) Chiefs in the following Words •, I do not come
to make War againft you, but only againft the Copheral
f-ii-ks my liiiemies : But if you proceed to commit Hof-
tilities againft \r\c, I will revenge myfcif I y putting to
death all the JeK's in my Kingdom •, for I know, that as
Thinrrs ihnd here, yon will be too hard for me : But let
iix actvifc you to prefer Peace to ^Var : Suffer me to pro-
ceed in my Expedition againft the Copheral Turks my
Enemies, and i'upply me and my Army, for ready Money,
with what we want. The Jews having confidered this
Propofition among thcmfelves, refolved, out of regard to
their Brethren, to yield to the King of Perfiah Propofal.
The King therefore being admitted with all his Army into
their Country, fpent fifteen Days there, being honourably
tnterraincd among them.

But in the mean time, the Jews declared the whole
Matter by Meflenger and Letters unto their Confederates,
The Turks thereupon gathering their Forces together,
expcftcd the Enemy at the PalTagc of the Mountains,
and in a convenient Place for that Purpofe, they attacked,
and gave the Perjtans fo mighty an Overthrow, that the
King's Army being ruined, they compelled him to return
into his own Country with a very fniall Number.

But it happened that a Jev< of this Province, named
Mofcs, being feduced by a certain Per/ian Horfcman, fol-
lowed the King of Perfia^ and when they came into Per-
fia, he was made a Slave by the fame Horfeman. But
when at a Time of publick Diverfion, they cxercifed
their Bows in the Prefence of the King, this Mofes appear-
ed the moft excellent Archer in Perfia ; he was there-
upon examined by an Interpreter, and openly declared to
the King the manner of his being feduced, and his Condi-
tion, whereon he was prefently infranchifcd, cloathed
with purple and filk Garments, and enriched with Royal
Gifts ; and was offered likewife, if he would embrace
their Rehgion, great Riches, and the Government of the
Kin[^s Houfr \ which, when he courtcoudy denied to do,
he was placed by the King with R.Sballmt the Prince of the
Synagof^iie at Ifpaban, whofe D.uighter alio he married
by Conllnt of the Father. 'I'his very Mofes it was, who
told me all th.it I have related.

10. VViiea I dcparttidout ot thefe Countries, I returned
into Chuzeftnn, through which the Kiver Tygris runs, fall-
ing from tlii;nce into Hodu, or tiie Indian-Sea ; and in it.

its Paffage thither encompafles the Ifland Nektokis », near
the Mouth thereof, which Ifland is in Extent fix Days
Journey. There is in it only one Canal of frefh Water,
and they drink no other than what is gathered from the
Showers, which is the Reafon that Land is neither fowed
nor tilled ; and yet it is very famous through the Com-
merce of the Indians and Iflands feated in the Jiidian-Scdy
and Merchants of the Country of Senaar, Jrabia the
Happy, and Perfia, bringing thither all forts of filk and
purple Manufactures, Hemp, Cotton, Flax, and Indian-
Cloth ; Wheat, Barley, Millet, and Rice in great Plenty,
which they barter and fell among themfclves : But the
Indian Merchants bring alfo exceeding great Plenty of
Spices thither, and the Natives adt as Faitors and Interpre-
ters ; and by this they live : But in that Place there are not
above five hundred Jews. Sailing thence with a profpe-
rous Wind in ten Days, I was brought to Kalhipba, where
are five thoufand Jews.

In thefe Places Pearls are foimd, made by the wonder-
ful Artifice ot Nature ; for on the four and twentieth Day
of the Month Nifan, a certain Dew falleth into the Waters,
which being fucked in by the Oifters, they immediately link
to the Bottom of the Sea : Afterwards, about the Middle
of the Month of Tifri, Men defcend to the Bottom of the
Sea, and by the Help of Cords, thefe Men bringing up
the Oifters in great Quantities from thence, open and take
out of them the Pearls «.

In fevcn Days Journey from thence 1 came to Ouiam,
which is the Entrance of their Kingdom, who worfhip the
Sun, and are prone to the Study of Aftrology, being
the Children of Cbus. They are Men of a dark Com-
plexion, fmcere Tempers, and of very great Fidelity in
all Refpefts. They have among them this Cuftom, that
fuch as come to them from remote Countries, when re-
ceived into the Haven, have their Names fet down in
Writing by three Secretaries, who carry their Lifts to the
King, and afterwards bring the Merchants themlirlves,
whofe Merchandife being received intohis Proteftion, the
King dircfts them to be landed, and left on the Shore,
where they remain without any Watch to keep them.
There is alfo a Magiftrate, unto whom all I'hings that
arc loft, or cafually removed, are conftantly brought, and
of him they are eafily received by the Owner, fo that
certain Tokens be fliewed whereby the loft Thing may be
made known ; and this ftrict Fidelity, and honeft Deal-
ing, is common through all the Kingdom.

In this Country, from Eajler to the Beginning of the
fucceeding Year, the Sun fliines with outragiou? Heat ;
and therefore, from the third Hour of the Day until thc«
Evening, all Men remain Oiut up in tlw r Huufes. IJtit
about that Time Lamps being lighted, and fet in Order
throughout all the Streets and Markets, they work and
exercife their refpcdive Arts and Callings all the Niglit ;
for, as I laid, they cannot do it in the Day-time, by rea-
fon of the exceeding Heat. It is in this Country that Pep-
per grows upon Trees planted by the Inhabitants in the
Fields belonging to every City, and their proper Gardens
are particularly afTigned and known. The Shrub itfelf is
fmall, and brings forth a white Seed, which being ga-
thered, is put into Bafins fteeped in hot Water, and is fet
forth in the Sun, that it may be dried and hardened, ac-
quiring thereby a black Colour. Cinnamon and Ginger
are likewife founel there, as well as many other kind of
Spices.

The Inhabitants of this Country do not bury their Dead,
but having embalmed their Bodies with divers forts of Drugs
and Spices, they place them in Niches, and cover them
with Nets fet in order according to their feveral Families ;
but their Flefli dricth with the Bones, and when grown ftilf,
they feem as if they were alive, and every one knows their

• There ii no PalCige in the TriTcls of Bt^amin more perplexed tlan this Dercripiion of the Idand of Hekrtkii, about which all liis Commcn-
titon arc UiviJed in ilicir Scntimeiiti. Tliat which hitherto has been thought moll probable, is that he means the Iflantf ofOrmuz, which, »vith-
out doubt, was once a I'lacc of great Trade, and was always deftitute of VVatcr. It is however more credible, that he means the City and CoimiTy
ot Rafira, btcaufc he places it ut the Mouth of the River Tigri.; makes it the Centre uf the InJiaii Commerce, and mentions prccifely the Com-
modities, of which tliit City was thu Staple. , ,^ r • • 1.

' Dili Defcnpt.oa has alio graveled many of the Commentators. The Word ufed in tlie Hftrnu is BJM.i j and from the DcRription there is no
fort of doubt, that our Author meant Pearls. The account he has given of their Formation, how wild and extravagant foever it may appear, is howe-
ver that which is embraced by the mult learned of his Countrynjen. Their Opinion, in few Words, is thisj tliey hold, tiiat at u cer uin Seafon of tlieYear,
dure it an oily, fpiriiuous, ui.d briny Subftance, floats on the Surface of the Sea, which being fwallowed by the Oiilers, or rather fucked in, as our
Author txprrliVs It, {mt., afitrwari.1'. to a Pearl. 'I'hus fir, without doubt, they have T'rulh on their Side, that fuch a Subllance is fomctmics fieii
lifcitiiii; en tlii^ aid uilicr Se.ii, the Ofupi of wliicb, at iirrt Sight, refcmble liquid Pearl.

An-

,ri

HA .

!'3,

IrL

i r\>

'£

':\\

Hii.. h

■ Ml

Hk FO rjGE S and TK Af'E L S

jjt... '%>y

•• \'m

•^M

V- .; ■

Bookl.

In llie Space ot torty Days one may u^vd from 1»«
liy 1 4nd 10 the l-nrnticn ot" ra/«, tiwtt is, cothe BohW
ol r>»«f(f, whil h is tlic very Exutinity of (he E«ft Sm*
h«>kl thdt tl>i» Country i.<i walheil by U« iViA»*a iJ^^'
l..^i c. ...I.;., I. ;. i.-i.i- 1- • „ '' •'"""W-

r * "^

Aiir< \\w from maoy Dc fcent* r. But as to their Relij;ion,
t.i- rather Superilition, tliey worfliij) the Sun, and Iwve
tn.inv .)"'t ',';rcat Altajs Iniilt a!ong tiie Coaft aliout half «

MiL- without the Citv. I'-uly in tlie Morninu therclore „ , ^ "^ "•«*»■, otcqub.

thrv go in Crouils to yiy thiir IXvotion to the Sun, to Utcil Sr.i, wliiih it hable to prodigious Stt»rnis„i)y^

\vI;"imiiMTi.tllf!K- AltarMhercarcSj)heris(-onUcratC(l,n»«ilc when M,irincr» arc luriHizcii, they ate calUrcqutttlyinto

liy Mfli'.ii., tiKmWiiip the Circle ot" the Sun \ ami when luih Strrinht!*, that nu bemitablctoatout- tli«,.J.t

tlic Sun no, tlioic OA-n ifi 111 to be intlamed, ami cum

rouii! wirli i ..>ic.it N^^ill- •. They luvc every one aCenlirr

in thiir 1 laiiu , .«> wilJ Women as Men, and all toprtlier

x'WcT Imciil;; to the Sun •, tilth and lb great is their l-'oily.

Hut ;ini.)n[; thcte Pcoi'lc the "Jcjis, who are icttlfd, at the

iiiott amount to a tlioufar^l Fainiiicj in all i they ate of ai

Maik a Colour as the Inhabitants thenifrlves, yet are never-

thelcls g(Kxl hondl Men, ami [\n£i Oblirvers of the Coin-

niandmtnts of the Law of Mo/a \ and are not altogether

i)n(T<ilful in the Books of IDoCtrmc and Cullutns commonly

ciiied the Talmud,

fuih Strright*. that nu b"nR able to gtt out, they attilto
rx|)endni8 all their Provjlions, flJifcraUy 2a^ «
IX.ifhV ^

At lirft Sight thert is nothlna in tlut P^T^gt thmj
(eim very extraordinary to tlic Reader, and yet aftttjliitj.
KellcAion it will apjiear of tonfidenbJc Ufc. Ifcijcoiga.
latcd S» a it no other than the icy or fioztn Sea on theCuft
ot tariAry and Rugia to the North ot CUm^ and through
which the North-call Paflage, fo ottcn fought ^ojittIeli2^
pofc, is fu(>pofeil to lie. It appears dearly trom hence thit
wtbre this Time fomc Attempts had been made on (Jm
Sidf, and that Icveral Shi^is had been frozen, and dieir
From thi-; Country in two and twenty P.iy< 1 failed unto Crews perilhed \ whence the Oriental Name of t^ikfk^ m

the Mands Cinra^, the Inhabitants of which worfliip the
Fire, and arc called Doglmu, among whom twenty-three
tliouland Jnes are fettled. The Dttl>um have Priefts in
every Fiace to officiate in their Temples t and thcfe Pricth
are tlie moft fliillul Sorcerer; and liKhanter* in the whole

World. Before every Temple 'there is a large Pit, in . -...^u

which a mi<;rhty F'ire is lighted cverv Day, which they call n( the lame time the Readec will be fu jull as to remember,
j-llbuta, and they make t.heir Children pats throiight )us that «R do not iniirrthisTravebasthebeA, butathoonl?
Fire to i urge them, and alio call their l")ead into the mklll Travels we have in this Period of Time, which mull icquit
ot thi.s Fire to be there burned : Nay, there are fomc of
the -Nobility who folemnly devote tlwnifclvei to be con-
fumed in tins Fire alive.

When a Man, win) has ukcn this Refolution. declarrs
fiich his intended Devotion to his Acquaintance and Km*
ilred, thty prefentiy falute him in thefc Wonis : BirlFeii
art thou, and it Ihall be well with thee. On the Day the Vow
is to lie [lerformcd, having tirft given an Miitertainnvnt,
he ts carried, if rich, on l^lorl'c-baik -, but if he Iv |K>or,
he is brought on Foot, accompanied with a Multitthie of
his friends and others unto tnc Biink of the Pit, from
whence beginning his Career, he leaps into rtic Fire, at
which all his Fncnds and Kindred rejoice txcetiiingly, and
nith all forts of Mulick and Dancing, celebrate t!ie Icall,
until he be wiioliy confunicd. But the llranpvll Part of the
Story is to came ; for three Days after two of the Cliirl
Pnelh going i.i.to his Houfc, cooiiiund the wlmlr F.iinily
to prtparc fjr the Keception of their Father, who is romin;;
to vifit them the lanic Day, and dt( larc to them wliai ilu y
are to (!o on tins Occafion ; 1 hey call to them ci it.iin Per-
Ions to be VSitndTcs out of the City, and tniiig I'omething
relirtnbling the Decealed, of wlicmi the Wife and Children
ilcmandrth liow it tareth with liira in the othu World, to
whom he anfwcrs, I came unto my Comp.inions, by whom
I am not received until I ditctur^c my Duty to my I'riv luis
.iiul Kimlrcd. He then dillributrs his GooiK to his Chil-
dren, and ordtrs all (he Ikbto to be paid to hi> Ciedilors,

and whatever is owing to hun to lie dcniandrd, the Wit- „.- o

nelfi s fettin}; down in Writingall his Iiillruc"lioiis, of whom, quite naked, and as if their Miferies tuti dcprivtii then of
notwithtlanding, he is not feen ; and ihtn Uyiag he will common Scnfe, they propagate their kind with thtirStikn,
go his way again, he vanilheth ". By tlielir Arts, (in whirli and nrareft Relations, without the lull Shame or Sirjplc.
there is nothing but Juggling and CoUulionj t!'C Piierts The Climate of this Qnintry is cxceliively hot. When the
govern all. Pi-opIc of ^fvan n»ke their Expsditiuns into thde PifU

» It tppean from i!,is Arcoont. tf\jr thrfc People vntt r/.«»i, mithfi ii iKfre »ny thing in wlut li« relate* tlut i« not very catly '""fj^'^i^
thf Tmth ; for ill Wmm that pfeteml to gi*« u% any AoiiumI uI ihc Rrltgton ot ihe tncitiil firJUii »gf«. ihat tliry diJ rot bury tlitir D»l, »
If It I'lem t.xpofcd n ilir F.Ittnenu, lio-.i thu I'lincipk, ihai ilic liong Mm being a Cuwpouad of «ll the lilemenb, it »^ b"! ttxiixJk, x*! >*
».!'> dead, that eich bknent Uioald rt«ovcr ii uhii. j^

' Ti.ii. is tr.oOKt yeuii/k Notion jgreralJe lo thrir levmnce In ihnfr tXiyj, which wide thfto afcribe every ibipc ihfy JiJ "'' Irr'
iii.JrtlLr.d U) Witclrtaft M to ihffc Spherri ihty were reallv »riy wonderful ihinn', ht>rf^ fn cojiirned ai 10 (hew the KiUngi'i'l Setiing ol :.* s^.
M.d the Motions oi the h«a»wily Bodies They were nude and kept by the M.i|;i, v^iio nude ule of ihcm lo lUikc ti.e \ aljjJf tMih Aibat.,ae:;, >«»
to inftruft their Difcip!ei in the Science of Aftronomy . |^

' Hi'. .^ pittly tviJcr: from tlit Manner in which A^caia irlU ih i iJiory, lliat he fufiie^lcd lJ:c I'rieft! inpfcd upon thf Peop'f. ".T™
■ji..n iJity did. ! i^^ WiUiefft. ucie Perfaos in the (. (.lifftlrr ,i>, and the I eiioi o( uir |-aniilv wa« probably fo great, and ihf.r Prfj«ti« ^o^
vt with tolenWf M-inawetTieiu tins Scene nii^i be cimed il.io.^sh, uu.1 lii;|« or nnihing of the I iiud l>e dilcovcreJ. Bcl'.dci, """^J" "Tikt
icn.airJ lo difJofe tl,c Uit^t, wouM l^vc been coolidcinl .r .,n impiiMi ]\ rl>iti. .lul a .ItJirn! I iirmv to the Relieion nf his Country. Ii»<i"
uu Jifiuult Mattel lo Oiew from the f
Ic.iigeni Rcaiicr will cafilf coaccivc

'■ Our .Amiior has added u HtoT) hett eorcernir.g the
ittrcit it. It i, plaut ciiuu^ from hi, Acruunt, iliat
It. J l.c l.>:!4i: of hii Iravel> feerm to luie been
lite Coaft of .V/M «. , lj mmi

« Jhere n ti . uojbt to be rnaJe from what nt»,am,» relate., ihil lie fljowe.! the old Opinion, according to which ElHcpii wis J*'*'" "Jt^
p.rt ot the l,.i,f. i and with rcgirO to >v!ui he tells H> of the /. ,.. beinj-, (nikd .11 the Mo.mUi).» Ihcie, it h fjlly jiiflififd both by "*^". -j^
ii»«lr.n .Ucouiiti cf !ha« Country, a' .. .illo the foU..wiin l iivuncUmo 111 icuiim lo the l>,iir..pe i.f Caravan* through the Dcfartl, •"" "\l^y(ii
^< ttl.icn tlifv ut (omet.mo fubjed in |airmg ihrouiiri them In Hi. ti.ie:. lo ..laibt ihc Slitl'y uf liie Nrgii*' to the Curfc primauww "7
#11 /.-wai J i... r.;'.«.M;., t vti> aj-ceiUe wUie iJi ■■ • • ~

conaealeil Sea, which Benjamin gives it. It lauft'lje
cunfelTed, that our Author has a very rotnantick Wiy gf
exprelFing even the pJainell Fadls \ but at the lium time we
(Hight to confider, that this was not only the Vice cf all
the Writers of his Country, but of the Age in gcnnilin
which he tloiirifhcti, lb that he is the more excul4;lc{ ud

imuHiquit

us in tlie Judgment of the Impartial from all ObJNlooi
that might be otherwifc maile from the Content! of thii
rcifortmiue. But to )>roceed.

II. It is three I^y's Journey to GiMgah, where that
are about a thoufaiKl Ifratluts : From thence in fevcn Diyi
you fail to Cmtan, where there are none of our Countiy-
men. It is front thence twelve Day's Journey to 2M^
where there are fomc few Jmt. It is from thence eigiit
I )ayN Journey to the India on the oppofite Coill <bji
whit h tiur Author means Eihiopia). In this Coiintty there
air very high Mountains inhabited by Multitudes of /^4«j>
i/ri, who are not under the Yoke of the Cutiltu but
luvr lure great Cities, and ftrong Fottieirei. Theyd^
U ctul from thence in Parties into the flat Countria of
.ihlfinit, which are under the Dominion of the Eimui,
wimli is the Name the Jews bellow upon all Cirrjjww)
wlu te having arquired at much as they can by Plunder,
tiny icturn with their Booty into the Mounuios,. what
till y .in- abfolutcly fafe from all Purfuits. Many of thtfe
ynv} travel on the (core of Commerce into JPrr^aid

It is from thence to the Land of Jfvan twenty Diy"*
Joviriicy through the Delists of Stia, which lie on th»
River y'^/«, which comes from the County of (ht;iiie
Inhabitants of which are fubjcd to a Prince, wlio isftiW
i''h(lb^,^l^a/(b, I. e. the King of ^l!^w. Paitoi the In-
h.ilMtants of this Country live like Beafts, they focdoniyon
tlic ( .rats and 1 lerbs that grow atong the Rivtr-liJe, ate

i*i-t with tolenWf M-imgemeiu tins Scene nii^i be cirr'ed iliio.i|;h, uu.1 liii|« or nothing

I ttiC Ciirat, viOuM l^vc been coijidctnl .r .m inipii'iii INrl.m. .lul a •Ittlirm i iirniy to wiv imujiuu . ^j,.

^Mattel 'o_(hew^ fr'<in the Abiurdiua that have rttttt^ upun other .Nauoa, the I'olliUaity of iranlaiUnj; on topotiuic ot ih;s liinU, «<"

the Ovphouv fo eery riOicutoui. and of fuch an Txtent. ihst I conjd not P"™' '^I^.'Sljof
at Iw do,-. ia>i pti't,„a (0 h.iv« luielled inio Oiia, but barely to r"^'»« «:™ "/"rooio-
I tai* (,«»..,,. „i ume ..f the touuuic. iicir it, from xU-.encc he took Shippug lo"" "rr-

Jivuiiiyantl.Siiiituf liicj, I

far

Chap. II.

of Benjamin de Tudela.

555

for the fake of Plunder, and what they can carry away \ th«7
contantly take with them Bread, Rice, dried Raifins, and
FifiS. Theft they throw in large Quantities among the
l,2^.'f]inilhed Blaou, whom, while they fcramble for them
like Dop» **T '«*' •"** "''y •"•y P^'fone". «nd fell
them in B.gft% and other Countria. Thefc are the Ne-
00(1, or BHck Slates, the Poftcrity of Ham. It is twelve
Days Journey from Afot» to CbtlvM, in which there are
about three hundred Jnej.

From Chehan they go in Caravans fifty Days Journey
through the Defart called ^l f/atbra, or Zaara, to the
Province called Zuikt which is Htvatab, in the Land of
CmIi >• e. Cw'km* in theli: De&ns there are vaft Moun*
uinsof Sand, which being carried by the Force of violent
Tempelb, ibnietimes overwhelm whole Caravans, and bury
under them all the Paflengen. Such of the Merchants as
(fcspe this perilous Journey bring with them from that
Country, Iron, Copper, Salt, and ail forts of Fruits and
Tulfe \ and they hlcewife bring Gold and Precious Stones.
This County is part of the Land of Cbus, and lies to the
Weft of Abjlmia. It is thirteen Davs Journey from Chtl-
van to the City of Kaus^ whidi is the firil in the Land of
£j^/, where there arc fettled about thirty thoufand Jews.
At the Diftance of five Days Journey is Phium^ anciently
railed Pitbm. In the Neighbourhood of this City arc ilill
to be feen the Ruins of thofe ancient StruAures that were
built by our Anceftors during their Captivity in Egypt.

II. Four Days Journey from thence Hands the great
Ci7 of Mifralm, or Cair$t fituated on the Banks of the
River AV/f, in which there are fcttlal about two thoufand
l/i-ttj, who have in this City two fair Synagogues, one be-
longing to the Jtrn of Pal^ine and Hjiria, the other to
thofe of the Country of Bthylen. Thefe two Sorts of
Jmt differ only in the Divifion of the Law into St;i5lions \
tor the Bahyloniay.!! every Week read one Parafcha after
the Manner which b common throughout all Spain \ and
therefore once every Year they finiih the Law : But the
llrttlitts of Syria divide every Parafcha into three Seda-
nm, or fmaller SeAions, and fo they read over the Law
only once in three Years ; and both thefe after a folemn
Manner twice in the Year join in their Prayers toge-
ther, viz. upon the Day of the rejoicing of the Law, and
on the fcftival Day of the Law given. Over all thefe
Hnhuritl hath the chief Authority, being the grcatcd of
the Nobility, and He;id of the AlTembly, who rules all
the Synaoogues in Egyptt and appoints Mailers and
Eiders.

He n aUb the Minifter of the great King, who refides in
the Palace of ZoaH, (which is a City of Egypt, wherein
Ah the Son of /ibitaleb was once Commaader of the Faith'
fill) whofe Subjcfts are ftiled Reieils by the other Jrabs,
becjufc they reiiife Obedience to the Abiffidian Khaliif,
whofe Seat is Bagdat. There is an irreconcilable Enmity
between thefe Princes. This Monarch appears in publick
twice in the Year, vh. at the Time of their Feaft of Eafter,
and when the River Nilt overflows '.

The Royal City itfelf is encompafled and fortified with
Wajb, but Mifraim is without Walk, furroundcd by the
River Nile on the one Side. This is a very brge City,
(urnilhcd with many Market-phuxs and publick Buildings ;
and here are many rich Jews. The Country itfelf is never
troubled with Rain, Ice, or Snow, but is often afflifted
with outragious Heat. It is watered by the Nilty which
once every Year fwelling in the Month Elid covers and
overflows all the Land tor fifteen Days Journey, the Waters
continuing to rife in the Months of Elul and tifri, and

making the Earth fruitful : And the Poliqr and Diligence
of the oM E^ptiMs was fuch, that in an Ifland which the
River makes here, a Pillar wa»hy them ercfted of fine Mar-
ble and excellent WorkmanflU:), railed twelve Cubi' , above
the Surface of the River, when therefore the Waters
overflow and cover that Column, the Inhabitants ars fully
fatisficd that the whole Extent of their Country for iitteen
Days Journey is entirely ovcrfpread. If the Water rife
but half the Height of the Pillar, they gather from thence
that their Country is but half watered. There is a Man
(lands by the Pillar, and every Day at Noon proclaims in
all Parts of the City the Height of the Water in tiiis Form,
Be tbanifHl It Cm, Iht River it rifenjo many Cubits.

If the Water riles to the Top of the Column, it is a
Sign that the Year will be fertile throughout ill Egypt.
At this Seafon whoever has any Land, hires Workmen td
cut a Trench through his (Jround, into which as the Wa-
ter rifes, the Fifh arc carrici!, and are left therein % when
the River finks then the Owners of the Lands take them
out, and either Iprnd thein in their Families, or fell them
to fuch as fait and cxijort them. Thefe Filh are exceeding-
ly large and fat, and the very bell People in the Country
make ufe of the Oil diawn from them to burn in their
Lamps. If it falls out, as it frequently does, that People
eat too much of thefe Fifli, they have nothing more to
do than to drink largely of the Water of the hiile, which
immediately removes that Inconvenience. It has been an
old Qucftion, ai\d a great Divirdty of Opinions there has
been concerning the overflowing of the Nile, but the
Egyptians fuppufe, tluit ac the I'ime when diis River over-
flows, heavy Rains fall in the higher Countries, that is
in the Land ot Uababs, which wc call Havila ; at the
Time the River docs not tjvcrflow, notliing is fown in
Egypt^ and hcreuiion Sterility and Famine follow.

But ufually the ImcUIs are fowed in tlic Mohth of Sep-
tember, the Nil* being then retired into its Channel •, but
Barley is reaped in the Month of Eebrraiy, and Wheat
the next Month afler \ and in the fame Month Cherries
are ripe, as are alfo Almonds and Cucumbers, Gourds,
Peafecods and Beans, Lintiles, &c unJ divers kinds of
Pot-Herbs, us Purfluin, Afparagus .ind Lettice, Cori-
anders. Succory, Coleworts and (irapes » but the Gardens
and Orchards throughout Egypt arc watered, and Trenches
filled with the Waters of the Kiver *.

This great River :S<.eT pafiing through the City Mifraim
or Caire, is divided into four lleads, one whereof^ run-
neth by Damiata, fonietime called Capblor, nigh untu
which it fallith into the Sea. The fecond runneth down
into the City Rafn; not far from Alexandria, and there
difchargeth itfelf into the Sea. The third paifeth
by Afmon, a very great City on the Borders of Egypt,
nigh which Heads of the River many Cities, Caftles
and Towns arc feated on either Side, and People may
travel to them all either by Boat or I^ind. No Country
in the whole Worlil can be compared to this for the Mul-
titude of Inhabitants, and all theCountry of Egypt is plain,
fruitful, and well llored with good Things. Old Mif-
raim is two Leagues diflant from the New Mifraim, but
it is waded and itel'olate : Yet there are many Ruins of the
Walls and lloufes, and not a few Monuments there
of the Trcafurics and Store- houfes of Jofepb yet to be
feeti. In the fame Place there is an artificial Pillar buik
by Art Magic, like which there is none in all the Land.
Without the ConnMUs of the City Hands a Synagogue,
which bears the Naine of Mofes our Teacher, of ancient
Date \ to prelcrve the Ruins titat yet remain, a certain

' There is not i hfliige in all our Author's Work which has been more contelled Umd this with regurd tn the Kiuliflr then reiming in E^yft ; and
font liavc gone fo fat u to produce it as a di/ecl Proof of his never having travelled at all : But 1 uiinot hel|) faying, that thouch the Criticks have a
Kight to amend what it amih in the Copies of any Author which they publilh, yet I cannot conceive thcv have any .luihoiityfirlTof all to impofc their
«*» Senfc upon a Paffige, and then produce it to the Prejudice of the Author, wholie Credit they would dellix>y. We Itiall Ihew hereafter, that in the
irtfeot Cafe, thiit ii no Ground for luch a Suggdbon ; but that what our Author hu dclivciwi nuy b« well reconciled to the Cunent of Hiilory.
wiiaa any Alteration whatever. .... . , . u u ,. _i

' In the fubfequent Part of this Work, we (hall have more than once Occafion to mention moll of iha CireumlUnces that our Author hath recort-
ftl, aad to compart the Reporu of later Travellen with hit. The Reafon of this Note is, to take Notice of a Particular wliich our .'iuthor has
*««d, and which however the Reader may be glad to know. It is this, The Nili it of (6 ureat C'unlequence to the Fgyftiam, that they have al-
wyi had a very fupciftitious Regard to it, infomuch that they fancied the rife and All of thii River, not only portended the Fertility or Scarcenefs of
™focceedine Veix, but likewile great Revolutiont of Sute. It is certain tl«t it did not overflow in the lonili Year of the Reign of Cleopatra,
Jiuch might Teem to picdia the Ujnquell of that Country by the Rmar-i, diat foon after followed i but thiii the fame Accident happened m the
Tiw of Traima, when nothins lemarkable followed it Bcfides, we read of no Sciiciiy in Etspi belorc the Coiiquell of it by the Arabi, or tlie pe-
finittiun of tte Kkalift of the Fhmily of Ali, which waa brought about by SaiaMii i fo tiat liiii uugiil tu be conliderid as an ablutd and r:dicuIoua

^^V^ ai moA of aKft Notions ait,
NuMi. 38.

:i:|

y 'I

-Hi:

'\ I

%.v

■ i

554

Tuc r or AGES and r RAVELS

Book I.

'^i.-.

',^

oW Miniftrr, aDifilpIc of iliowilo Min i» tlifrr nuintain-
i.l, wlio Imin his OHkc is (lilcil Stbub .ilhumlz^ir, or
ih lathfr cf iht iy<ii(t. The Ruiiw of OU Mifraim
take up A S]u( (• t)f alwut three Milfs.

1 1 1 he t-ind of Ccjhtn is nr more than right I/-agurs
from hciHc, aiu! therein ftamU Bej/ir Salbif, ai.n.it City,
in which then- arc tiircc thouf.iiul Jnrs. I-'roin hence you
travel hall a Day's Journey to IJhial Ldn .11 Souks,
vhich was ancier.tly called Ramrfcs, whcrr now arc onlv
the Ruins ol a City, in whicli many Works arc Ian built
by our Fathers, anvl among tlurl'c certain huge Kilificcs
like Towers made of Biii k. Krom thence you make one
whole Day's Journey to .llBuyg, where arc two hundred
"Jcd's ; and from hence in hail a Day's Journey you come
to Manzipihfl, where arc two humlred Ji'xs, from
which City Hamira is four Leagues ilillant, and in it there
are liven hundred Jnrj, from whence it is five Days
Journey to lAtmbhaUt, where are five hmulrcd I/r.uliUJ,

Two Days Journey more Inint; you to JiLxandria,
a City called alter the Name of .Ihxanja- the Mnctdonian,
at whofc Command wc read it was built and llroiigly for-
tified, and adorned with Walls admirably linirtied, lloufes
uniformly built, and flately Palaces: Without the City a
great and beautiful Building is yet to be Jetn, which is re-
ported to have been the College ot Arijitth, the Mailer
iji .HtXiindcTy whenin there aie almort twenty Schools,
winch were frcquentid in former Times by the learned Men
of t.'ie whole World, wi.o affembled there to learn the
Philofophy of .IriJIcile; and his Academy hail llatcly
Portico's of Marble Pillars *. The City itfclf is excellent-
ly built, as well from the Pavrnicnt of the firound, as
with Vaults and Arches under (iround, through the hid-
den Paflagrs wlKrctif Men may come into ilie Market-
place*: and not be fern ; of whirh fomc are a whole Mile
in length, as from the Gate Rf,^J unto the (iatc leading
to the Sea, from whichriate a \N ay was made and paved
uiuo the Viry I lavtn of the City of ylUxandria, which is
extended one Mile within the Sea.

In this Place a very hi/Ji Towir was built, wiiich the
ln!iabitar.t<call Hi-nir^.irah, but the ^yVj^/.w/ Ma^ar yUex-
cr.dria, tlut is, the Phaios of JliXiWdria •, on the Top of
which Tower it is rejiori-d that /lUxanJcr fct a curious
Mirror, in which all warlike .Ships failing cither out of
Cr^iia or from tlie Well ur.to /'^vyi/, might Ix: fcen
al'ove the Space of live hundred l/agues oft* '. This con-
tinued for a long Time after tlie Death oi AUxanJer. It
fell out huwcva that a Ship comini'; hither under the Com-
mand ot a certain Creek Captain, who hid a great
Knowledge in the Sciences, came and calV Anchor in that
Port, and having made Prrfents to the King of Gold,
Silver, and very rick Silks, he thereby obtained his Fa-
vour. While he lay in the Port, he took Abundance of
Pains to ingratiate himfcif with the OiTicer, who had the
Charge of this Watch-lower and Mirror, and having fre-
quently entertained him on Board his Ship, coiitrafted
wit!> ham at lall luch an Intimacy, that he was permitted
to go into and llay in the To\ser as long as he thought
fit. One Day having leaded the Captain and his Men
very magniiicently, he dofed them at lad lb plentifully with
ftrong Wine, that they all fell fall aflerp. Havirg thus
carried his Point, the Captain and his Crew firll broke the
Mirror to Pieces, and then weighed Anchor and failed
away in the Nighr.

Since that rime the FJomiUs, i. e. the ChrilUans, have
infcflcil the Coads of liypi with their Ships of War and
Privateers, and have deprived the Sovereigns of this
Country of the two p/eat lllands of Crete and Cyprus,
*'hich remain at thr. D.iy uivler the Power of the Crteis,

from whom the nrefcnt PoircITors of Fmi luvt not I
able to recover them. This Watch-Tower ij (liU i ""^

a Beacon for the Service

Attxafidria j for they arc able to difecrn it at thcDiftj

of one hundred Miles by Day or N,j;l,t, in Conftqu;,'

nco

ic irom inc moit i\ortncrn, ami lumc Inland Pmiof
epe, as from Crcu-w, Cordna, S;jm, R4u Qt,
y, Sweden, Denmark, England, lUndcrs, .imh \«r
uly, Frann, Foiuu, Ai^^ier., C.i/.siy, ./r„i;VanJ

of avaft Fire which is kepi continually bwninc t^«
for that PuriMjfc. ' -™g tto.

This Country eninys ^ large Sliare of TraJr r' ,
freiiuented by almoll all Nations fur the fake ofComn'trcr
The Port ol .//rWr,a fwartn. with V.lT.l, from ,li
Parts of [Jum^a, i. e. CinJlmUm, viz. from ^jWcj
r«/crtffy, Lpwbardy, Jpuha, M.ifi .,nd Sia!r, '„,hif!
come Irom the moll Northern, and luinc Inland Pmiof

Europe, as from '' " '

many,

maud

Naiarre. There come alfo Vrom the \\'c^a'crn I'llr'rtTf

the IJbmaeUtes, viz. froni jlndaUzia, Ji^urvf, d'rin

anil even .Arabia, befides what come hy t!ic Mm Q.

cean from llatila and /U\Jfmia, and the rcll of F.ilm

not omitting the Creeks and Turks. 'Ilmhcr are bruui-ht

the richell Merchandizes of the hidies, and all forts ot

Perfumes and Spices which arc bought by ChriAin Ma-

chants.

The City is extremely populous on account of itstx-
tenfive Trade -, and for the greatir Ctmvinicney in thccir-
rying on their Dealings, every NatKin li.is its Facio^ by
itielf There is near the Sca-fide a Marble Tomb, oii
which are engraved the Figures of all Icrti of Birdi and
of Beads, with an Infcription in Charadcrs lb ok', tliat
none now arc able to re.id them ; wlunee it is Ixlitvnl,
with fome Colour of Truth, that it belongs to an oli
King who gok'crned that Country IkIoic tlu:'Ddugi'. Tfct
I.engthof this Sepulchre is liltrcii, .»ml ihc Breadth olii

there

IS in

.ic.

•■idKiir.d jbcu

fix Spans. To conclude,
three thoufand Jews.

14. It is not ncceflary to give at l.irg,- the RLmrJtr
of our Jnv\ Travels, and therefore 1 l>..i!l acqmait the
Reader in few Worih, That having ni.ule a 1 our frta
Damic/ta in E^^pt to Mount Snui, he returned lud 10
the full meiitioni-d Placi, anil thence f.;i!id lo .\Iij:r,: a
the Idand of .'I'uvVv, Irom whence he went by LinJ to
Palermo, and eroding the Sea to Iua, continui'd h:;
Journey to Rente and Luaa.

He afterwards eroded the ^I'.ps, and pffed through j
great I'ai t of (jcrmatn, from whrr.ce he takes fx:cjf:un to
mention w iiat Multituiics of Jcus were lettleJ m thelcird
great Cities of that cxtentivc Empire, lie infills it hrgc
on their Wealth, their (leneroliiy, and aixivc ail, i-hcir
Hofpitality to their diftrefl"ed Brrtlircn, ami gives us a very
particular Detail of the Manner in wluch tlic\ receive i;icm.
lie aduns us, that at their Fealh tiiey rnrourag: catii
other to perfift in hoping for the blelTed Advent of ilieir
Mcdiah, when the Trilx's of Iji\iel lliall be gatiit.u' toge-
ther, anil mulcr his Conducl be led back ;ntJ t.'.ci.' W'l
I-ind. Until this long exuec'ted Time Hull cetnt, lii:
Ifrafliles, he fays, hold it their Duty to perllvcrt in :.".fu
OU-dicncc to tlie L^w of Mcfcs, to lamer.t wi:!i Tears the
Dcdruiflion of Jcrujalem and Sicn, tu beleei h tiic AiirightT
to pity them in their AfHiclion, and to reAure them in La
apjxiinted Time «.

I ie ad'erts, tliat his Countr>'mcn are not only fadeJ "i
all the IVovince? of the I'.mpire, but alfo through a.l tae
Northern Countries to the very Fxtrcmity ut R'-p, *••;'■'
he defcribes as a Country lb cxcedively cold in W ii'ttr, ts^
the Inh.ibitants are not able to iHr out of T)MXi. \k^''>
us next, that the Kingdom v\ France, which, heUyS;'
called by their Rabbins the Land of "Z^r/Ai.', is hkwilc

• Oiu Auihor U! this Nouoa of ilie School of AiflitU «TOm the M,^mmrJ,ti,f. fo ih»t whether it be wrong or rijili!, ht n nM "'f**"''^^^^;
But »»iih rcg»nl Id ih< I .i ■ ,! ii u.ri in, ilut it w.i^ not .'V«./».ir but I'le/.mr tlui nedi.l this f.iinou. School, 1 1 nkich however it l^ utitamtW"
Philoti)phy of Ai/Mi »ai tiimbt, and in which the moit famous of his Comiticnutor- lloorilhed. , l. n „

' l! mufl be c<nfc(lctl that Um K la i. blolutcly h\ic, fince a. the Reader ha* been bdote informed, the r^^o, of AlrxaiJr:a wr bu.!; K ' "-^
rhiUa.ifh.1, auU not by .tl'x,i<„l„ /'„ (,,,«» Ai to lhi( Miriw, it n ntenlioneil by lome other Wiiirra ai well »- I'ur }>r-j^<"-<. '^-^ '■ "'H"
rentiv a fablr, and a f able rljicuiout in all iti C ircumOancei. It i, however of life I.Mm " to know luch l-.ibie-, iw\ thctrfoie I ''"<■ f'^'" ',

<• Jt I! \cr) cicir bom hci .x as well ailroni a Multitude ol othrr C ircumllances, ili.it om Auih<»rrhif»y inltn.Ird m th- Work loirlebntri'in
^aIlon, to prefcnre an Account of the ibflctent I'lacei in which tlirv were leilled, .ind lodo nil in hi. Power to keep up their Sii:nti upderilim ,
Bv.iy. by putting them in M.nd of tlic toin.ng of th« Af/>„* I mull coiifed. 1 confider elui in a different light fioiu in .It oftheCrincks ''' '
nut conceive th.i a Mun'j loving his Counliynien ought to prejudKe him in the (Opinion of hn Reader., .ind tlioup.h it nuv \om>') Jf? ,.,
noabu a> to ih« I idelity cf lui Rcbuyiu miii rci-ard w the 7,.u/, vet 1 du not r«c how tin. can with luil.ie be extended lo tlie other htiiO'
Eouk

Chap. II.

of Benjamin de TuDELA;.:^tt

555

full of the Difciplfi of the wife Men, that is, of the "Jeuiif)
Uuclors, who Itudy the Law Dav and Night, and arc
cxtrtmdy kind and charitable to their diftrcflcd Brethren.
He conciiuifJ with an earneA Prayer to God, to remember
hi« Proniill- to the Children of IfraeU and to return and
jfliniblc them from all Nations, through which in his Wrath
he his (lilpcrlid them.

In the fcveral Places he mentions, he reckons up in the
whole ^<;4(''i7 'Jtivi, from which, if wc fubllraft 740
Carnilei, \ouo Samaritans, and 2000 other Schifniaticks,
thtrcwill Kiiiain ;^90947, to which, if wc add 350000 free
lirtidiic, whom lie found in the Kinpiloms ot 'Ibcma and
Cbtl'iir, they will fwtll the Account of tiic RabbaniUi he
met with in his Travels to 740947, which, when duly
confidercd, will not, jieriups, appear very imptcbablc. Thus
wc have brought to a CoucluUon the Tr.ivcis of Benjamin
iifudela, which had never appeared fo fully as wc have
given them in the Englijh Language.

15 Wc have in the Introduftion to this Seftion given
fo large an Account of our Author, of his Pcitbrmance, jjiuI
the Reafon of our inferring it, that wc have not much to
«(1J here. That there may be, and indeed that there are
many Miftakts in thefe Travels, is not to be denied, neither
can wc help confefling, that the Author was a very credu-
lous Man, and far enough from deferving the high Cha-
raftfr bcflowcd upon him by the Jews, who rcprrfent lum
as a Perfon fldlled in all Sciences, and refer us to this Per-
formance of his as a Proof of it. But granting that he did
not merit thefe Praifes, yet there is fomething Jureiy due to
him for the Lights he has communicated to the World. It
is from him, as from an impartial Perfon, that we learn
tlic true State of Aifairs at ConJlanti)top!e within the Cotii-
pafs of this Period, the immenle Wcaldi and Luxury of its
Inhabitants, and their extcnfive Commerce throughout the
whole Eaft.

His Travels from that City to Bajfora Ihew plainly, that
the Communication was ojien, fmce othcrwifc it would have
been impolTible for a private Traveller to have proceeded
through the whole Kingdom of Pcrfia \n the Manner he
did. Some Objedtions have been made to his Account of
ihe "Jews failed in the Mountains of Nijbcr, wliich from
his Relation appear to have been ujjon the JJordcrs of the
liic Kingdom ot IhiLet; yet if wc relied upon what our
Aralian Travellers h.ive told us of the Number of Jnvs
f:ttlat in tlicKnipiie of China before this Time, and re-
rirmkcr that the F.mjierfjr Ikrailius had long before driven
them out of all the Grtek Kmpire, we rtiall Ice many Rea-
fons to think this 7\cC(Mint ot his probable enough. It is
true, that R. Alcfes and our Autiior may lie fulpefted of
magnifyiiig thefe .Settlements, and of mailing this Colony
d Jews more cunlideiable liian it really was •, but that we
flioukl rcg;;rd tlie whole as a F'icUon, I niult confefs I fee
no jud Cirounds. It is vciy likely, though Benjamin does
i:ot fiy it, that he received from the lame Perfon what he
relates of China, and of the icy Sea to the North of tli.it
Countrj", which flicws there had been a confider.ibic Com-
mrrcf carried on that Way, though Benjamin could give
but a dark Account of it.

Wc are indebted to him likcwifc for a Piece of Hiftory,
which for any thing I know is not to b.- met with clfe-
wlicrc, I mean the Jicttlcment of the Pirfi-s. who were the
old PcrfiMs or Wordiippers of Fire, in fcveral Illandsof the
EoJI-India, of which we fliall make fomc Vk in another
Place. The Account he has given us oi Ethiopia, and of the
'Ji'.'.jjh Colonies in that Country, is fo confillent with the
anrifnt.ind modem Hiftory of that limpire, that there is not
the lead Reafon to doubt the Truth of it, or of what he fays
as to the Padagc of the Caravans through the Defarts. It
is tviilent trom thence, that there wa:i by this Means a
'■ifge Comnurte carried on between this Country and
^■Wt in SLives, Gold, Ivory, and perhaps alio in fome

■■.. -1 vl \t 1 !',,•>»

i i..jr..;.:^i

■■ .>

Mian Commotlities \ and it is likewife clear, that there
was a grdjt Trade between that Country and the oppofite
Coaft ot /trabia. If our Author had tnivclled as a Mer-
chant, he might very polfibly have given us many more
curious Particulars on this Subjcift j but as he did not, we
Jrtuft be content with thofe he has delivered occafionally,
and as they ftruck him in his Paffage.

There arc great Exceptions taken at his fliort Account
of the Government of Eg;ypt, when he was irt it -, and fomc
of his Tranflators have inclined to give him up in this Par-
ticular, though without any great Keafoii. It is plain
enough from the rcit of his Work, that he did not fet up
lor a great Politician, or pa'tend to defcribc tlic Conftitu-
tions of the States through which lie palled, but only to
mention in general what lie underftood of lueh Matters. It
is alfo certain, that without changing his Words, we may
give a clear aiul fatisfa(^lory Account ot this Matter, which
amounts to no more than this : That the then Mailers of
Egypt, though they were MohammeiLins, were yet treated
as Herciicks, or Rebels, on account of their difowning the
Khaliff at Bagdai, and that on this Account there wxs an
inveterate Hatred between the Subjcfts of the Khalitf of
Babylon, and the Mohammedans in Egypt, as to which tlieic
can be no doubt at aU.

The fingle Difficulty in this Cafe is our Author's calling
the Commander of the F.iithful in Egypt AU the Son of
/Ibilalab -, from whence it is inferred, that he makes him
the Monarch then reigning, which wouhl have been a molt
notorious Abfurdity. But the Truth of tiic Matter is, our
Author fays no fucli thing : He only mentions AU the Son
of .Ibitalab as having been once Commander of the Faith-
ful in Egypt i anil the Realbn of lijs mentioning it is very
plain, viz. in order to account for the Difference between
the Mokanimedans in /1/ia and Egypt, and the latter being
ftikd Rebels by tlic former on account of their taking die
Part of this AU.

But the grcateft Difficulties that occur in our Author's
Work, fome of which, it muft be owned, arc not to be
got over, arife from his ufing fcriptural Names for the
Countries and Places through which he pafled •, and thefe,
.iccording to the Notions of the Rabbins, for want of being
thoroughly acquainted widi which, it is impoflible for any
Trandator to be perfectly furc as to his Meaning. But if
we ftiould be fomewlut miftakcn in the Names ot the fcve-
ral Countries from which Ships came to Alexandria, yet
we mull be right in the main -, and the Reader may reft
fatisfied from thence, th.it at the Time of our Author's
being there, the Port of Alexandria was the Centre of Com-
merce betv cen Ctrijlendcm and the Indies. All the Fables
that he :'-.i';.'i about the magical Mirror there canno. pre-
judice tliw Taith ; for though our Author might be, as to
be fure he \s is, a very indifferent Hiftoiian, a bad Mathe-
matician, and a credulous Writer, yet he couLi not be mi-
flakcn about Things he faw, or be induced to let down the
Names of Nations never heard of at Alexandria. Bcfides,
he is remarkably accurate in this Account ; and the Lift he
h.is given us is more methodical than any otiier Pallage in
his Book, which feems to have been owing to his making
an Enquiry at Alexandria, as to the fcveral Foreign Lodges
or Faftories etlabliflied there.

On the whole, as thefe Travels plainly dcmonftratc that
it was both pofliblc and pradllcable for a Perfon to travel
in the midft of the twelfth Century from Spain thro' Ita.y
and Greece into the remote Parts of AJia, and to return
from thence through Ethiopia and Egypt into Europe, it
was requifite, that in a Collcftion of this kind, fuch a Per-
formance fhonld not be omitted j and if not omitted, it
ought furely to appear in the bcft Drefs we could pofTibly
give it, which mufl be an Apology to the Reader for cur
having taken fo mudi Pains therewith, and having dwelt
upon it fb long. .^., , .

SECTION

,f •''

■'■ f

H!, '

' 'i

ss6

7k r or AGES and r RAF ELS fiookl.

SECTION XX.

myx :

7^ remarkahU Travth */ William de Rubniquis a Monk^ fint fy Louis IX. jf«|. ,r
Front c, commonly JtiUJ St. Louis, Embajfador int§ diffinnt Parts of tbt Eaft, LI
cvlarly into Tartary om/ China, A. D. 12531 (^ftint»i abundanct of turim PartU
cubrs relating to thofe Countries. . • „ „ . _,

Written by the EmbaHiulor, and adJrciled to his Royal Mafter King Louit, *:' '

J. J fuccinU Account of the Empire of tbt Tistut, and particularly of tbt Princes to wbom our Antkrvu
f<nt. 2. Tht Cbaraiier o/* Louis IX. o/*France \ and ajhert Hijlory of his Expedition into Syria anj Enw.
■;. The Occajion and Dcjign of bis Embafjy, together nitb the Character of our Author. 4. Hif j^jjj-^
iory Epijlle to the King tit Mafier. 5. An Aecmmt of bit Journey to Conftantinople. 6. iSs Arrivtl
at Soldaia, the firft Town in Tartary. 7. An Account of tbt Habitations of tb« Tartars. 8. Ofthtir
Beds, Idols, iinJ Juper/Htiout Ceremonies. 9. Of their Drinking and Merry-makings. 10. Of tbtirftii
and Manner cf Etiting. 11. Of a particular kind of Drink ufed iy them, called Cofino*. 12, Ofij^
Animals in thtir Country, tbtir Rabbtts, and their Manner of hunting. 1 3. Of tht Maimer in xtUcb
the Men Jharce tbcmlihes, and of tht Ornaments of their IVomen. 14. Of tht Employments of ibt fmek
Tartars ; of their fVay of Life, and of their Marriages. 1 5. The Manner cf adminifttring JulHct
among them, and of the Ceremonies ufed at tbtir luneraJs. 1 6> The Author refumes the /Iccount of Hi
Voyage, and acqunints ut with the Ingratitude and Brutality of the Tartars. 17. Of the Court y Za-

Slay, and of their Adventures there. 1 8. Of the Alans, who came to vifit them there at the Fttfi of
liitfuntide. 1 9. An Account of a Saracen who dejired to be baptized, and of certain People itttfm tt
be Lepers, zo. Of the great Haidjhips and Difficulties they went through in thefe Travels, and tf the
Burials of the Conianiam. 21. Of tht Country in which they found Sartach and his SubjeSs. 22. Of
the Court o/'Sartach, aiulofits Splendor and Miignifcence. 2y They are ordered to repair to^mi,tbt
Father o/'Sartach. 24. The Refprit paid by Sartach, Mangii>K.han, and Ken-Khan, /• Cbri/Him, caiitf
the Rife and Progrefs of tht Tmut Empire. 25. 0/" /A^ Ruflians, Hungarians, Alant, and of tbt ^m-
pian-Sca. 26. Of the Court of ^astXa, and of their Reception there, vj. Their Jcurnty /ram Ibtnci ti
the Court of Mangu-Khan. 28. Of the River Jagag, and of the Countries and People on tbttSiie.
. 29. Of the Hunger, Thirft, and other Inconvenietutes by them fujiained in this Journey, jo. Of tht
Death cfBdn, and of the Gernuns fettled in that Country, 3 1 Q/' the Jirangt Mixture ofRtligimin
this Country, viz. NcAorians, MoKammedaiis, <iW Idolatcn. 32. Of tbtir TempUs, Idols, and if thtir
Manner of worf hipping their falfe Gods. 33. Of ftveral Nations in tbofe Parts ; and of tbojt vhft
Cujtom it is to devour their Parents. 34. Of what hapMned to them at Cailac in their Pefjaitfnm
the.'\e to the Cr.unttj of tht Naymans. 35. ADefcription of that Country, with an Account of thrutsth
of Ken - Khan the Princefs, his Confort, and their eldefl Son. 36. Thtir Arrival at the Cmt
oj Mangu-Khan. 37. An Account of their meeting there with one Scrgius, a NcAorian Afcaf.
38. A Dtfcripticn of thtir Audience, and what happened thereat. 39. They meet with eWnrn
cf Lorraiii, and a GoUi'mitb of Puns fettled in thefe Countries, 40. An Account of fevcral otbtr CbriJ-
tians they met with tkert. 41. Of a grand Fea ft given by Mangu-Khan, ana of the Ceremm/s of
the Neftwrians. 42. Of the Faft obfervtd by thofl People, and of a grand Procejien made to the Pdtutif
the Khan. 43. An Account of a great Curt performed on a Lady by the Monk Sergius. 44. Dejcriftitn
of the Country under the Dominion of tbt Khan, and of the Qtjioms and Manners of bis Subjelli. 45.
i)f the fccond Faft of the Nrftorians, which falls out in cur Lent. 46. Of a noble Piece offVorlam-
manfl'ip performed by tht French Golttfmitb, and of the Palace of the Khan at Caracarum. 47. Ofp'
veral religious Ceremonies of the Neftorians. 48. Of the Hidnefs of the French Goldfmitb, and cfjom
the Prieji, 49. A Defcription of the City of Caracarum, and of Mangu-Khan's /(-witw^ hii Brtthren
to make IVar atainjl fevtral Nations. 50. Hew our Author was fevcral Times examined, and offi'jfral
Conferences and Difputts he badwif^ the Idolaters. 51. 0/" our Author's being called before totYAass
at Whitfontide, and tf the Confeffion of Faith made by the Tartars. 52. Of the Sorcerers W Conju-
rers in this Country, and of the wicked Lives they lead. 5^. The Letters written by the Khan to tbtKiii^
e/ France, by our' Author, and the Rtfolution taken by bis Companion to remain in Tartary. Cf OfiV
Autkr's Departure from Cuvxmm for the Court (j/ Baatu, and from thenctfor the CityofSmy. J?.
Of the Road from Saray by the Mountains o/Alania, of the Lcfoics, Dcrbcnt, and other Places. 56,"^
Remainder of their Journey to the River Araxes, the City «/ Waxnam, tht Country cf Sahcnna,«i<
ether Places. 57. Of their Pafagt wer the Euphrates, tht Cafile of Samuth, the Author's Armclct
Cyprus, Antioch, anj Tripoli. 158. His Letter from tbenct to the King his Majier, and other P<irth>
lars. 59. Remarks and Obfervations upon this Setlion.

«• T T fecms to be a Problem hitherto undifcufletl, how
^ it came to pals, that for tlic Suacc of fo many
Ages, the Inhabitants of the northern Parts of the
World lay fo iMil ami quiet, that Ilillory fcai-cc gives us
any Account of them i and then of a fuddcn burft out on
all Sides, and ovfr-run, as it were, the greateft Part of
the known World. At firft Sight it ftiould fecm iroin
henc< , that thcf': northern Couniria were iirft |>eopied \ tor
otherwifc ii may appear difficult tO acxou.it for their being
fo much more ^-.pulous than any ot th« reft, A littk

Attention however, will clear this Point, and ftcw «
plainly, that iiiltead of contradic'ling, it is the ftrong^K
Pr.x)f that can Ixr oUhe World's being orig::uhyFP«
from the Country of ChalJea. For, whoever conlUen
what an immcnre Tract of Land lies to th.- North oi m
original Seat of Mankind, will cafily diicem the Kaon
why it required a longer Sjwce topeoi-.e it througWy nw
the rell of tlic World i and yet. at the <ame ['"''■■'""•
reflefts on die Accounts given us by .iiic*<5« Authors,
the Manners of the S^tbiuni, he w.U cilily pcrciivc im.

Chap If.

^William de Rubruquis.

557

they rftalned the oUI Simplicity of living miich lonj^er
ilun «ny other People, and were therefore celebrated by //a-

the jiifteit and moil innocent of

tluii 1-

0tr ini Hippftram, u

Mcinkind. Butt « i'lweft of Time, even theic vaft Conn-
,„cs became over-peopled \ nnd then Ixing prefled by each
ether, tlicfe b«rb«rous Nation*, a^ fhcy were ftiled [)y the
Grttki anil Rtmmt, broke oyc , ..>e an louiulation, and
iwcut all before them.

At prel'cnt our Concern is with thofc who broke out
lail i 1 mean the lartiin, who arc generally faid to have
derived their Name from a River fo called \ but tlut is a
MilUke. The original Name nf this numerous Nation
was 't»rh, which they ilerived Irom lurk, the cidclk
Son of Jtpbtt. But Alatixa-Ki/M, one of their ancient
Princes, leaving his Dominions to his Sons, which were
Twins, the one called 1'aiar, and the other Mogul % liiis
ive Kifc to the DiHindlion of thofu two Nations, which
,th ever fince prevailed.

The great Conqueror Jetigbiz - Kitm, who in our
old Writers is generally called Ztngisj united both under
his Dominbn. He was born, ^. D. 1164, and was
raifed to the Command of his own fmall Tribe, at the
Age of diirteen. He by Degrees firft ellabliihed his
fower in his own Country, tlien attacked and conquered
the northern Parts of China, but was never heard of in
£ur^ till about the Year 1218, when he entered the
Crtat Butharia \ he extended his Conquefls afterwards
over a great Part of ytfia, and died in the Year 1227, ac
the Age of futty-five, and after having held the Dignity
of Kh*» twenty-five Years. His elcieft Son Zuzi died (ix
Months after him, and was fuccccdcd by his eldcft Son
Bat* or Baatu, as our Author cills him, who HkA a great
Part of tartary for hii Share. Zagalai, Son to Jenghiz-
X^Mhad that Country which the AtKicnts call Tranftxiana,
which has been fincc called Titrkeflan, or the Country of
the Uiieks ; but by the Tartars to this Day Zagatai i
full, another Son of this Conqueror, had for his Share
Chorajfan, Ptrfia, and the bidits, and Oilai, all the reft
with the Title of KJ)an. This Prince began his Reign in
1228, and died in 1241. So much as to the State of
Jartary.

2. The Chriftian Princes had been very often put upon
the Recovery of the Holy-Land by the Popes and Louis
IX. King of France, called from thence St. Imis, took
the Crols, and engaged himfcif by a Vow, to endeavour
the Recovery of the City and Kingdom of Jerufahm
from the Infidtls. It was with this View that lie embarked
nMtrfiilUstAugufi 23d, 1248, acconipajiied by his Queen
and two Brothers. He failetl from thence to the Idand of
CyptHs, where he fpent the Winter in preparing for the
War. There he received EmbalTidors from the' Khan of
the Tar/tfr;, with an Account that he had embraced Chri-
ihtnity, and was difpotcd to attack the Infidels on one
Side, while his Majeily Oirricd on the War un the other.
Thii wu an Afl'air of very great Importance to the King
of Fraitct, who treated tije limballadors wiiii great Re-
fpeft, and promifcd fa fend an Embairador, to conclude
an Alliance with the Emperor their Mafter.

He was hindered however in the Profecution of this De-
f'gn, by the unlucky Accidents of the War ; for having
invailcd Egypt at firrt with great Succefs, he was after-
guards, in the Year 1250, taken Prifoner in the Battle of
A%ijr<J,and remained for a long time in the Hands of the
A*aV/i, who treated hioi very iil» but at lall; fct him at Li-
berty, upon his furrcndcring thf City oi Damietta, and pay-
ing dicm a Kanlbm of 40o,opo Livres, This cruel
Keverfc of Fortune did not hinder tiic King from purfii-
mg his Defign : He paflTcd immediately over into Syria,
where he put the Altairs of the Chritli^ms into as good a
Condition as it was pofTiblc, and would very probably
have accompliftied all that he propolid, if the Death of
his Mother, whom he Iiad left Regent of France, liad not
obliged him to return home, which he did in the Year
'^54> and reigned very giorioufly for many Years, and
then undertook a fecond Expedition in the fame Caufe, of
which we fliail hereafter give fome Account.
3- At prefent our Bufinefs is to obfervc, that while this

Mo!

rcil

narch was in Syria, and there concerted Mcafurcs for
uring the Power of the Mohammedan!, he made Choice
Nu.M B. 38.

of our h,M\\m Friar Pl'tlliam Rulnifiis fur his Ilnibafla-
dor to the Khan of the T,irfars, ami that for rliefe throe
Reafons j firll, Ixcaufe he liad tngagcil hiinlLIf, while in
^yfl'^^t to fend fuch an Embafl'y. Setomlly, bccaufe the
Amftancc of lb powerful a Prince, was a \lait.T ol' gieat
Confrquence to all Cirijlendom, And, thirdly, that he
might ol)tain a diftinft and authcntick Account of the
Poficy, Strength, and Intercft of a Nation which, in the
Space of fifty Years, had obtained an Einpire of Inch an
Extent as hitherto the World had never feen.

The Reafons which induced him to make Choice of our
Author, were many i but we fliall content ourfelves with
mentioning only a few, His Condition, as a religious
Man, made him a fit Minifter to a Prince lately converted
to the Chrillian Faith : It difpenfed likewife with his hav-
ing any Train of Attendance with which fuch an Embady
could not be incumbered i and it put it more into his
Power to enquire into all Things that his Mailer defircd to
know, tlian if he had gone with all that Pomp wliieii is
uliially annexed to a publick Charafter. But, alwve a I,
he depended on the Abilities of the Man, who was looked
upon as a, P:rfon of admirable Parts, and great Diligence,
and whole unaficfted Piety and Probity were not to be
difputed. After his Return from this Embafiy, he com-
piled this Account, which we now prefent to the Reader,
and fent it to the King. It has been always elleenied the
fuilert and cicarelt, as well as the mod faiihiiil and'exatt
Defciiption of the 7'arlars that ever was puhiilh^d, and
therefore we h.ive given it entire, and in the Author's
own Words, together with his Dedication, which fol-
lows.

4. To the mojl Excellent and moft Chriftian Lord Louis,
by the Grace t>f Goo, King of France; Brofher Wil-
liam de Rubruquis, of the Order of Friars Minors,
Kifbcs Health, and that he way ever triumph in
Jesus Chkist.

" It is written in the Book of Ecckfiafticus, that the
" wife Man fliall pafs through Countries inhabited by
" foreign Nations, and that he fliall have his Share in iUl
" Things Good and Evil : I have done all this. Sire,
" and God grant that I have done it as a wife Man,
«' and not as a Fool ; for many there are which do
" thofe Things which wife Men do, but not wifely,
" and much I fear that I am of that Number. How-
•' ever that Matter may be, you were pleafed to coin-
•« mand me, at the T'ime of my Departure, that I
" Ihould write to you all I faw, and whatever I could
" difcover among the Tartars. You were likewife
" pleafcd to add, that I Ihould not be afraid of writ-
** ing long Letters. I am now about to perform what
♦' your Majefty then gave me in Charge •, yet not with-
♦' out great Fear and Apprehenfion that the Siniplenefs
«' of my Thoughts, and the Homelinefs of my Stile,
" may fcem unworthy of being addrcflcd unto your
" Sovereign Majefty." , , .

' ■ % ' 'i

5. May it pleafc you then. Sire, to underftand, that
departing from ConJlant;ncplc,onth.c feventii oi May, A. D,
1253, we entered into the Sea of Ponttis, now the Bhick-
Sca, which the Bulgarians cdl the Great-Sea, and which,
as I W.IS informed by Merchants who have long traded
there, extends in Lengtii from Eaft to Weft one thoufand
Miles; and is, as it were, divided into two Parts. About
the Middle there are two Provinces, the one on the South,
which is called Sintple, from a Fortrels and Port of the
lame Name, which belongs to the Sultan of the Turks :
The other towards the North, which the weftcrn Chrilli-
ans call Gazaria, now Crimea or Crim Tartury ; but the
Greeks wiio dwell therein Cajfaria, which I take to be the
fame as Cicfaria. In this Province tiiere are two Promon-
tories, or Capes, which run out into the Sea towards tiic
South, and the Country of Sinofle ; the Diflance may be
about three hundred Miles between Sinople and Cajfaria ;
fo that thefe Points may be about feven hundred Miles
from Conftantinopk, as well towards the South as towards
the Eaft, in which Quarter lies Ibtria, which is a Province
of the Country of Georgia or Georgiana.

7 C ^'•'«

-11 ,,

'i;

f\: V '

, ' 1

i« .

..(*(

. i

'\i

558

rhf rorJGES and tRArELS

Book I.

.1,

11-;

•1.

•(; . J

• ■I

Ti'

'■'■i

Wf rame »h«) info thf Cmintry of CttarU, which U

in the Slui* of * Triifiuli-, having i>n x\\t moll Wtftfm
I'oint a City called Kfr/ov; wlirre Sc. Cimtnt Bi(hop
/fnoM luffcrcil Mariynlom, and parting in View ot this
City wc hail Sight ol an IHanil in which thfrr ii a Churrh
laul ti) have Ixc n built by AngrN. In the Miihllc, which
ii alio the nioft Southern Part, lUncU the City of S§lJ*ia,
winch \\ ilindtly ovira|^.nnll Smeplf, to which all the Mer-
rhaiiiJ coming ttoni inrky rrlort in tluir I'airagr to Nor-
thern Countries a> do likewilc fuch a» conw Iroin Rif^a
with Iitent to go to Turky.

1 hole laft bring l.rmine and other rich Fun \ the for-
mer deal in Cotton, Clt)th, Silks ol all Ibrti and Spicci.
Towan',!! the Kail Part ot this Country Ihnth a Citv called
ALuriga, at the Mouth of the River Tunait, or the great
River Dch, where it lalU into the Sea of Ptntuj, being
there aUnit twelve Mile* over. This River before it falls
into the Sea, make* of itlelf a kind of Sea, which \% near
fcvi-n hundred Milei in extent, but (o (hallow, that no
Ship* ot Burthen can fail therein. The Merchants of
CnftamiHctlt howev(r, when they arrive at the City of
Mairif^a, fend their llirks up the River lanais to purchafc
ilriid lidi, fiKli a< Sturgeons, Thcolci, Barhlcj, and
inany other forts of I ilh. The I'rovincc of Gazaria bc-
foreineniioned, has the Sea on three Sutes, viz. On tlK
Will, where (lands the City of Kerf*va\ on the South,
where lies the City of ScUaia, or Qiffa, where we land-
ed ; and on the lva(l, where is the City of Matriia, at
the Me.i.tli of the River Tanais.

Beyond this Country lies Ziibla, that ii the Country
about Jzrpk, which is rot fubjefl to tlic Tartart •, to the
Ejft of wliich lies the Countries of the Sutvians and 7^^-
riaii', which likewife do not pay Oliedience to the Tarlari.
Towards the South again (lands the City of TrebizonJ,
w!)ich U longs to its own I'rincr, whole Name is GuiJi^
and he is deli cndeil ot the Race of the Kmjierors of Ccn.
flimtittof>ie, but is for all that (uljcft to the tartars. The
City of Sinopli llamls next Uionyirg to the Sultan of
Turkyt who is at prefent their V'alTal likewife.

Beyond Ins Dominion lies the Country df I'tijladuj,
the Son of wlmfc Kii.y is called ^-/Jiar, alter his Grand-
father by the Mother's Side, and he is not under their
Subjrftion. All the Country from the Mouth of the 7ii-
tiais NVeilwanl as far as the Danube, is at prelirnt under
their Diniiinion, and even beyond the Danube towards
CenJIan.'incple ; all Wit'.achia, which is alfo calleil the
Country of Jjfanit}, and the Lfffer Bulgaria, as far as ^»-
iittia, pays Tribute to them: rtnd l)efidr5 this Tribute,
they have of late Years im|x,fld a new Burthen on the
Inhabitants I for they cxadl from every Family an Axe
and a confiderabic Qiiantity of Corn.

This IntioduJlionof our .'Xuthor'b is in itfclf very clear,
and by uliling the moelrrn Names of I'laces, it is hoped
it will U- [x rfccflly intelligible to every Reader.

The Autlior intemletl it to explain the Situation ami
Condition of thofe Countries at the Time he wrote, which
was the more nectlTary, bccaufi: great Alterations had
been occalifmeil by the repeated Irruptions of the Tartan.
In regard therefore to the Situation of Commerce at this
Time, as well as the jxrfeft comprehending his Rout to
the Canij -, of the Tartar I'rinces, this explanatory Dif-
courfe was very ex[Kdient •, and as this Writer logins
very mctliodieally, fo his whole Work is conduced with
fuch Order and LUjquence, as is not ufual in the Writers
of thole Times. His .'itilc is agreeable to his Matter,
plain and rxpredive, without any Flourilhes, or the lead
IXfire of heightening the Wonders which he relates : On
the contrary, he every wh'-;c trndeavours to avoid height-
ening Things beyond Credit, and delivers himfelf with
furh vifibic Sincerity, as gives ?n intrinfirk Value to his
Work, that no Length of Time can ever take away.
This in all Probability was in fomc Mcafurc owing to his
Attention to the Inttruflions given him by hisMaftcr,
who was a Prince of great Abilities, had himfelf travelled
into the Fall, and was conlequently a letter Judge of thefe
Particulars than moft other Princes, either of that or any
other Age. It was for the fame Rcafon probably, that
our Author thought proper, as the Reader will fee, to in-
Icrt his Account of the Tartan, their Habitations, Cuf-

tomi, Manners, f.awi, Ciovemment, and mhutn. ir
was ncrefTary to give • jull Idea U thefe IVopImL.
he proceeds to his Negotiations with tl»em, whkhiiru
l*TW}t that this Treatile was not compofcd in i mJ,
written as Occafion offered while he ^uUimC !*
Traveli, biif after his return out of Turlary, whcnhTs !
Tune to rccolk-rt himlelf, to compare and ,i«„n a
Notes he had taken during his St.iy in thatCounTrv Z
to bring every Thing into its prowr Place. So tl'uZ
have no Occafion to interrupt his Dtlcourfe with Htm)!
or Correflioni, but are able to leave his Work u u ij.. ,
to the Ferufal of the ingenious Reader, *ho ^HfZ
therem abundant Proofs of what we have here aiivmccj

6. We arrived, continues he, uStldan the twcnty.tirtlof
Aftnf,indfcvfTalMerchantsofCo»f/'«/'«<;/^whoartivtdbt
fore us, reported that AniljartailorswerecominHthithcrtrom
the I loly l^and, who were to travel to.fartad. Ihadlvowfvt,
publickly given out on /•<!/«• A'wiiy, jn theChurehofW/j
Stftia, That I wm not your AmlwITador or thr AmbjITa.
<lor of any other Prince, but that I travellctl to thoft Prince
to preach the Gofjic! to them according to the Rule of
our Order \ and being arrived, the faui Mcrchar.o id.
monlfhed me to be very cautious in what I (poke, bfcaufe
they having reiwrtcd me fo be an Amballailor, illlhould
fay the contrary, 1 could not have free PilTage grsnttd
unto riie. Then I fpoke to the Lieutenants ot thcLititi
liecaufe the Governors themfrlves were gone to pay inl
bute unto Baatu, and were not as yet n turned. " We
" lieard of your Ixird Sartatb in the Holy land that he
" was l)CCome a Chrillian, of which the Chnltuw »■•«
" exceedingly glad, and eliieculiy the moll Chrillua
" King of France, who is there now in Pilgrimagf, and
" fighteth againft the Saraeeni to redeem the HolyPbctj
•• out of their I lands. I am determined therefore to go
*' to Sarlacb, and to deliver unto him the Letters of my
*• l/)nl the King of Frmci, wlierein he admonillictli
•• him concerning the Welfare of all CbriJlentUm."

On this they rei.eived us with Joy, and gave us Enter-
tainment in the Cathi-dral Church, the Bilhop of which
Church had been with Sarlach, who told me many good
Things concerning him, which afterwarils I found untrue.
They then gave us ourChoice, whether wc would haveCaio
and Oxen, or a Number of I lories to tnnf|x>rt our Baggage,
ami the Merchants of Cdiflaminople advifcil me not to
take Carts of tlw Citizens of Soldaia, but to buy cover-
ed Carts of my own (fuch as the Ruffians carry their Skini
in) and to put all our Baggage into thein, bccaule if I
Ihoulii ul'c Horfes, I mull be conlluined at every Bate to
takedown my Things and to hit tht m up ; and befide
that, I Ihould ride a more gentle P.acc in theCara
Wherefore yielding unto their evil Council, I fpe.it in
travelling to Sartaih two Months, which I could have
done in one, if I hail gone on Horfe-back. I brought
with mc frofn CenftaniiHtple picafant l>uits, Afc^J-v//
Wine, and delicate Bifcuit Bread, to prtfent unto the
Governors of Stidaia, that I might obuin free hfliige,
becaufe they look favourable upon no Man who comet
with an empty Hand.

All thefe Things I packed in one of my Carts, rd the
Governors being abfent when we came, I (lill carried them
on, for they told me if I could bring them to Strtiili,
that they would be moft acceptable unto him. Wctoo*
our Journey therefore alxjut the beginning of Jmu, «-iin
four covered Carts of our own, and with two other
which wc borrowed of them, wherein we carried our
Bedding to reft on in the Night, and they allowed us hve
Horfes to ride upon, there being juft five Fcrfons in l.o:ii-
pany % I, Friar Bartbolomew of Cremona, and C#tw
Bearer of thefe Prefcnts, the Interpreter, and ^m
my Servant, whom I bought at ConpniimipU ^f l"™
of the Alms beftowcd upon me. They allowed woe-
fides two Men which drove our Carts, and looked liter
our Oxen and Horfes. There arc high 1'^'"°"""." ,,
the Sea-ftiore, from Ker/cz-a unto the Mouth oIsM"'
Alfo there arc forty Callles at KerfovJ and 5«/^iJ, i
every one of which almoll they ule ditferent L^"p,;
amongft whom there were many Ceibs who IpoKt ••
Dutch Tongue.

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Chap. II. • «/ W I L L 1 A M D E R U B R U Q U I s.

Brydrnl thefc Mounuins towards the North, there is a
nil ill luMHtilul Wooil growing on a plain plcaftnt Country,
lull ol Sjirinns ami Rivulets. Beyond the Wood, there
it a niigliiy I'lain five Day's Journey, unto the very Ex-
irrmity ot the i'rovincc Northward ; and there is a narrow
Irthmus, a Neck ot Land, having the Seas on the liaft anil
VVi'rt Sides, which enter the Land fo far, that there is a
Canal nvuic from one Sea unto the other. On this Plain
Uti'it tUc'f triors iUc ComaMians inhabiti;d, who compelled
the atxivcnif ntioncd Cities anil Calllis to pay Tribute unto
thcni : But when the tarlnrs came upon them, the Mul-
titiulr ()l Comamans tied all of them to the Sca-(horc, be-
ing in fuih rxtrcam Famine, that they which were alive
Will' conlUainal to cat up thofc which were dead, and, as
a Mcnhant reported to mc who faw it with his own Eyes,
living Men devoured and tore with their I'eeth the raw
Hclh oltlic Deail, as Dogs would gnaw Carrion.

Towaals the Borilrrs of the faid Province there are a
great many I Jikcs, upon the Banks whereof arc Salt-Pits,
the Water of which lo foon as it entereth into the Lake
iiecoinrs hant Salt like Ice \ and out of thefe Salt-Pits
BtMit and S(trla(b have great Revenues, for tht-y repair
thither out of all Ruffia for Salt, ami for each Cart Load
they give two WcIm of Cotton, amounting to the Value
ol half ail Vper|Kra. There come alfo many Ships for
S,»lt, which pay Tribute every one according to their Bur-
then. Tlic thirti Day after we were departed out of thefc
I'rccinAs of StUaia, we found the Tartars, amongft
whom being entered, mrthoiight I was come into a - new
WtirKI, whole Life and Manners I will dcfcribe unto your
Ilij^hnrlitas wcllas lean.

-, Ihry have no fettled Habitation, neither know they
to Uiy wlirix: they (lull loiige to Morrow. They have
all Si\tbui to themfelves, which rtrctcln;th fiom the River
DMuhy to the utmoft extent of the Eaft. Each of their
Capi.\iiis, acrordnig to the Number of his People, knows
the Bouuils of his Pallures, and where he ought to feed
his tattle Winter and Summer, Spring and Autumn j for
in the A'intirthey remove into warm Regions Southward,
ami in the Summer they go up into the cold Regions North-
wa^l. In Wiliter when Snow lies upon the Ciround,
tl\iy IVed their Cattle in Pallures where there is no VVater,
bccaufe then they ufe Snow inftead of Water. Their
lloulcsin which they deep, they i^aife upon a round Foun-
(laiion of Wickers, artificially wrought and compafled
topithrri the Roof confiding of Wickers alfo meeting
alwcinonc litllo Roundell, out of which there nics up-
wards a Neck like a Chimney, which they cover with
whitf Kelt, and often they lay Mortar or white Earth upon
the Felt With the Powder of Bones, that it may Ihine and
l()ok white ; Sometimes alfo they cover their Houfes with
Mack I'elt. This Cu(X)laof their Houfe they adorn with
Vanity of Pidtircs.

Bcture the IXxir they hang a Felt curiouHy painted
(ivcr, fur they fpend ^W their coloured Felt in painting
Vines, IriTS Birds, and Beafts thereupon. Thele
lloufcs they make fo large, that they contain thirty Foot
in Brtaiith \ for nicafurinR once the Breadth between the
^^ lu rl-ruts of one of their Carts or Wains, I found it to
^ twenty l-'crt over, and when the Houfe was upon the
Cart, it llii »il\i\| over the Wheels on each Side five Feet
at leaft. 1 told two and twenty Oxen in one Draught
ilrawinf(an Houfe upon a Cart, eleven in one Row ac-
conlin^ to the Breadth of the Cart, and eleven more on
'hf other Sklc, Ihe Axle-tree of the Cart was of an
iHigi- Bij^nels, like the Mall of a Ship, and a Fellow ftood
111 tlie Dour of the Houfe ujion the Foieftall of the Cart
uiving the Oxen. They hkcwife make certain four fquarc
liaiVcts of (lender Twigs as big as great Cherts, and after-
wanli from one Side to another they frame an hollow Lid
irCuviT iif fu( h like Twigs, and make a Door in it be-
j^'f- Ihni they cover the faid Cluft or Houfe with
[■Ilk I'elt niblH'd over with Tallow or Sheep's Milk, to
the l<.iin (nun lii.iking through, which they like-
Iiiin with I'.iiiuing or white Feathers. Into thefe
iliey put tiieir whole Houlhold Scuff, orTreafure,
I'iikI thrm ti|K>i\ other Carts, which are drawn by

ktrp
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thfiU
sn4

unieh, that tliry m.iy p.ifs tliniugh Rivirs, neither do they
'>" Ukc ilijwii tlicle Clills hotn their Carts. Y^hen they

559

take down their Dwclling-Houfej, they turn the Doors al-
ways to the .South, nml next they place the Carts laden
with the Cherts here and there within a vStone's Cart of the
Houfe, infomuch that the 1 loull- ftainirth between two.
Ranks of Carts, ai it were between two Walls.

The Women make themfclves inofl beautiful Carts,
which 1 am notable to deferibe unti' your Majefty but by
Pifturesonlyj I would willin[4ly have painted all Things
for you, had my Skill been great enough in that Art.
A rich Tartar hath a hundieil or two fuch Carts with
Cherts, tiaatu hath fixtccn Wives, every one of which
hath one great Houfe, bclidcs other little Houfes, which
they place behind the great one, being as it were Cham-
bers for their Women to dwell in, and to each of the
Houfes belong two hundred Carts. When they take their
Houles off the Carts, the principal Wife placeth her Court
on the Wert, and lb all the rcrt in Order % lb that the laft
Wife's Houfe is on the Fall Frontier, and the Court of
each Wife is diftant from another about a Stone's Cart.

Hence it is, that the Court of a ricii Tartar will appear
like a very large Village, few Men being to be feen there-
in J one Woman will guide twenty or thirty Carts at once,
for their Country is very Hat, and they LilUii the Carts
with Camels or Oxen one behind another \ a Wench fits in
the fortmort Cart driving the Oxeii, and all the reft of
themfelvts follow a like Pace : When they come to a
Place which is a bad P.i(r.igc, they loofe them and guide
them one by one, for they go a How Pace, and not much
farter than an Ox can walk.

8. When they have taken down their Houfes from their
Carts, and turned the Doors Southward, they place the
Bed of the Mafter of the 1 loule at the North Part thereof;
the Womens Place is always on tiie Eaft, thai is, on the left
Hand of the Mailer of the Houle, when fitting upn his Bed
with his Face to the South \ but the Mens Place is to the
Weft, that is, at the ri^lit Hand of their Mailer. Men,
when they enter intothcl louli", iieviTltangtlicirQuivcrs on
the Womens Side. Over the Mufter's Head there isaniinat;e .
made of i'elt, which they cull the Mallei '» Uri)tlK;r, and an-
other over the f lead of the Millrcfs, which they call her Bro-
ther, Lifteiied to the Wall, and a Bow between both of them.
There is a little lean Idol, which Ik, as it wciv, the Guardian
of the whole Houfe. The Millrrl'^ of the 1 loule places at
the Feet of her Bed, on the ripjit M;ind, the .Skin of a Kid,
ftuffed with Wool, and near that a little Image, lookipg
towards the Apartment ol the VVonuii. Next the Door,
on the Woimns Side, there in another Im.ige, with a
Cow's Udder, which is the Guardian of the Women that
milk :he Cattle, (or that is the conllant Employment of
thtir Women. On the other Side of the Door next the
Men, is another Image, with the Udder of a Mare, for
the Guardian of thole who milk the Mares.

When they meet to make iiurry they fprinkle part of
their Drink upon the Image which is over the Mafter's
Head, and afterwards upon the other Images in their
Order \ then a Servant goes out of the Houfe with a Cup
full of Drink, fprinkling it tluice towards the South, and
bowing his Knee every time \ mid this is done in Honour
of the Fire. He performs the liunc Ceremony towards the
Eaft in Honour ol the Air i mid then to the Weft in Ho- ,
nour of the Water i and lullly, to the North in Behalf of
the Dead. When the Mailer holds a Cup in his Haiid to
drink, before he talles ho pour* a Part of it upon the .
Ground : If he drinks fittini;; on I lorlc-Uuk, he pours ouc
part ujwn the Neck or Mane ol the 1 iorR bi toic he drinks.
After the Servant has paid liiii Reverence to the four Qiiar-
ters of the World, he returns to the lloiilc, and two ctlicr
Servar.ts rtand ready with two Cups, and two Bal'ons, to
carry Drink to their Mailer uiui his Wile, who fit lOgitlier
upon a Bed. If he has more Wives than one, flie with
whom he llept the Night before, fits by his Side the next
Day, and all his other Wives mull that Day rcfort to lier
Houfe to drink, and there the Court is fur that Day i the
Gifts alfo which are prefented that Day are laid up in the
Chells of that Wife. One Piece of Ci remony is conllant
in all Houfes, viz. a Bench, on wlilt h fiands a VelVel of
Milk, or of other Drink, and Cups lor drinking it.

9. They make in Winter an excellent Drink ol Rice,
and of Honey, rtrong, we ll-taUvd, and high coloured, like

Wine >

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ne rorJGES and T: RAVELS

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Wine i they have «lfo Wine brought to them from other
Count, if s. In the Summer Time they care not for any
Drink but Cofmos. This Liquor (lands always at the En-
trance of the r>ooT, and next to it a Fidler. I faw there
no (uch \'iolins as ours v but many other mufical Inllru-
mcnts, which are not ufed with us. When the Maftcr of
the Houfc begins to drink, one of his Servana cricth out
with a loud Voice, Ha ! and the Muficjan plays upon his
Fidiile.

When they make a foiemn Fcaft, they all of them clap
their Hands, and dance to the Noifc of Mufick, the Men
before their Mafter, and the Women before their Miftrc&j
and when the Mafter has drunk, ilicn his Servants cry.
Ha \ as before, and the Fidler ftops ; then they drink all
round both Men and Women, and Ibmetimes thev caroufe,
cfpccially for a Vjftory, till they arc drunk. When they
invite a Man to drink, they pull him by the Ears to the
V'tircJ, and lb lug and draw him ftrongly to ftretch out his
Throat, clapping their Hands, and dancing before him.

When they woukl do Honour to any Perfon at their
foJemn Fealfing and Rejoicing, one of the Company takes
a full Cup, and two othieTS ftand, one on his right Hand,
and the other on his left, and fo they three come Tinging
to the Man, who b to have the Cup prcfented him, ftill
Tinging and dancing before him ■, and when he ftretches his
Hand to receive the Cun, they leap fuddenly back, re-
turning again as they did before ; and fo having deluded
him three or four Times by drawina back the Cup, until
he is eager and very dcTuous to drink, then they give him
the Cup, Tinging and dancing, and ftamping with their
Feet, until he hath done drinking.

10. In nfucA to their Food, give me leave to inform
your HighiKfs, that without Difference or £>illiniflion they
eat all their Beafts that die of Age or Sickncisi and amongfl
fo many Droves, there muft ionK Cattle die in Summer.
However, fo k>ng as their CoTmos, that is, their Mares
Milk lafts, they care not much for any Food \ ind if they
chance to have an Ox or an Horfe die, they dry the Flefh,
cutting it into thin Slices, and hanging it up againft the
Sun and the Wind, ir. is prcfently dried without Salt, and
witliout ill Savour or Corruption. They nuke licttcr Pud-
dings of their Horfes than of their Hogs, which they eat as
foon as made, tlie reft of the FIclh they referve till Win-
ter. They make of their Ox Skins great Bags, which thty
dry in the Smoak ; of the hinder Part of their Horfe Hides
they make very fine Sandals. They give fifty or an hun-
dred Men the Flclh of one Kam to eat \ for they mince it
in a Bowl with Salt and Water, having no other Sauce, and
then with the Point of a Knife, or linle Fork, which re-
li:mbles Tuch as we uTc to take roafted Pears and Ap])lcs
out of Wine } they reach unto every one of the Comi>any
a Morfcl or two, according to the Number of Guefts.
The Mafter of the Houfc, before the Ram's Flt-fh is di-
ftributcd, firft takes of it what he picafes \ if he givcth unto
any of the Company a particular Service, the Receiver
thereof muft cat it alone, and not impart unto any other,
or if he is not able to tat it uj) all, he carries it with him, ami
delivers if to his Boy, il he be pteTent, to keep it % if not,
he puts It up into his Saptarget, that is to fay, his Satchel,
or Snapfack, which thiy tarry about with them for fuch
Purpofcs, and wherein they lay up their Bones, when they
have not time to pick them thoroughly, that tliey may
fcrape thtm at I^ilure, and fo nothing be loft.

11. Their common Drink Cofmos, which is Mares
Milk, is preparctl alter tliii Manner ; they faftcn a long
Line to two Pofts, ftsnding in the (iround, and to the
lame Line they tic the young Foals of thole Mares which
they intend to milk, then come the Mares to ftand by the
Foals, fuffering thcmlirlvcs to be milked •, and if any of
them be ru<le, then one takes her Foal and puts it under
her, letting it fuck a little while, and prefentfy carrying it
away again, there comes another Man to milk the Marc.
When they have got agooti Quantity of this Milk together,
while it is new, they pour it into a great Bag, and they
beat thf Bag with a Piece of Wood made for that Purpofe,
having a Knot at the lower End like a Man's Head, which
is hollow within, and fo foon as they beat it, it begins to
boil like new Wine, and to be four, and of a ftiarp Tafte i
and iliey beat it in that manner till Butter comei i tnen they

tafte It, and being indifTcrently Iharp, they drink it f ■
bites ones Tongue like the Raftjerry Wine. AftcrVM "
hath taken a Draught, it leaves a Tafte behind it liktT
ot Almond Milk, going down very picafantly, and int™
eating weak Brains, for it is very heady and powerful

As tor their Caracolmos, that is to fay, Black Cofir«
which IS for great Lords to drink, they make it thw , fi'^'
thev beat the Milk fo long till the thickeft pjrt theitn?
delccnd down to the Bottom like the Lees of White W
and that which is thin anil pure remains above like Whn
or White Muft, the Lees and Dregs being very white n
given to Servants, and will make them llcep excccdirol'v
That which is thin and clear their Mallcn drink i and'n
deed it is a wonderful fweetand wholclome Liquor i?«j
hath thirty Farms within a Days Journey of his ahime
Place, every one of which ferves him daily with Cmnin-Z
of an hundred Marcs Milk, and fo ail of tlum tosttbcr
every Day with the Milk of three thuiiland Marc?, bcfides
white Milk, wiiich the reft of his Subjects brmp iFor «
the Hulhandmcn of Syria p,iy tht- third Par't ot tLJ
r-mits, anil carry it unto the Ciurts of their Lord?, lo lio
they tliiir Marcs Milk every third Day,

Out of their Cows Milk they firft churn Buttir, boilin»
which Butter unto a perfcft DtcoAion, they put it miu
Rams Skins, which they referve for that Piirpolc ; nenhir
do they fait their Butter, ami yet by this lulling it ntvc:
putrifies, and they keq> it for Winter; the Churn NiiJk,
which remains of the Butter, they let alone till it be a
four as |X)irible •, then thry boil it, and in boilini' it is
turned all into Curds, which Curds tlicy ilry in thi-Sup
making them as hard as the Drofs of Iron ; ar.d this k;rd
of Foot! alfo they prcfcrve in Satchels againll \\ i-f.r. |,i
that Scal'on when Milk fails them, tlity [ ;it the Cjiis
beforemcntioned, which they call Gray-ut into a Bladiicr,
and pouring hot Water upon them, thty kat it nil thty
have diflblvfd them, and it is thereby made txccahnglcut;
and this they drink inftt.ul of Milk, for it ll' cms a Rule
with them never to drink f.iir Watrr by itfelt.

12. The great Lords of this Nation have all of thtm
Farms in the South I'art of their Country, from whence
their Tenants bring them Millet and Meal apainll Winter.
'I'he poorer Ibrt provide tiicmklves with Hich NecelLric,
by the Exchange of Rams and cihtT Bea'.l .Sk;.-,<.
As for their Slaves, they are forced to Ic ccr.t.'nt
with Water, and that thick and bad enough. Thi-
only fort of Animals from which I have kiow.i them
abrtain, arc Mice and Hats. There is however, a lit;!:
Animal which they call Scgur, whitli in ih^ Wintr i:r;
lie ami deep twenty or thirty of them together in Qv s for
fix Months, where the Ttrlars find them out, and tlletm
tlKm exrellcnt eating ; and indtcd thry are very tend'rard
fat. They have likcwife great Plenty of a furt t'l RjI:''-
with long Tails, the outfule Hair of which is black iy\
white \ other fmall Creatures they have, on which th;y
freely frtd. I faw no li)etr there, and but a few Hr^ s
but a gicat Number of Rocs.

I faw wild Affes in great Abundance, which arc hkf
Miikrs : I faw alfo another kind ot Bcill called ^ru:k,
relcmbling, in its Boify, a Ram wirii crcxikcJ 1 lorns, jrI
are of fuch Bignefe, that I could Ic.irce lilt up a Ta;: -i
them with one Hand \ and of thtic Horns tiny nuke
drinking Cups. They have Falcons, and ether 1 bwks ;n
great Numbers, which they carry uixjn their ri"ht Ha:!>.:,
and they put always about their Falcon's Necks a Stniig
of Leather, which hangs down to the midft et t:rir
Gorges ; by which String, when they caft them off t.'e t"
at the Game with the left Hand, they bow the I Irati ar.J
Breafts of the Hawks to prevent their Ixing tolTed up arJ
down in the Wind, or their fo.tring too high. Biingctpcrt
in this Art, thry gnin a great Part of their I'roviliu.'- ty
Hunting ami Hawking. In regard to their -Amrc, it n-y
pleafe your Majelly to know, th.it nut ot GiMv/, -if^ "'•-
Regions ot the Fjft, out of Pnfui alio, and other Ccunt^^s
to the South, are brought to thi-:n ManutavUircs el ^;'^''
Cloth of Gold, and Cotton Cloth, which they N'.earin t;.i
of Summer! but out ot AV/??.:, MoxtlU M'-"""'- ''''^ ;' !
and out ot Ktrfis, all which arc Northern Regio.'.s •>• •
full of Woods, and alio out of many othei CmintrK.'i •
North, which arc fubjcdt unto them, ilic Inhabitai.ts^^' -
4

ii'V

Chap. II. of William de Rubruquis.

S«'

I ,|,jn, many rich and coftly Skins of divers forts, fuch as I
never faw, wherewith they arc cloathed in Winter, and aganft
I which Seafon they make themfelves two Gowns, one with
the Fiir inward to their Skin, and another with the Fur
outward, to defend them from Wind and Snow, which for
the moll part arc made of Wolves Skins, or Foxes Skins.

When they fit in the Houfe they have a finer Gown to
I wear : The poorer fort make their Gowns of Dogs or of
Cats Skins. When they go to hunt wild Beads they meet
in a great Company, and Turrounding the Place where they
arc fure to find Game, by little and little they approach on
all Sides, till they have got all the wild Bcalts into the midft
in a Circle, and then they difcharge their Arrows at them.
They make themfelves Breeches of Skins. The rich tar-
im I'ometimes fur their Gowns with Silk Shag, which is
exceeding foft, light, and warm : The poorer fort line their
deaths with Cotton, or Cloth, which is made of the fineft
Wool they can pick out ; and of the coarfer Part of the
Wool they make Felt to cover their Houfes, and their
Chefts antl for their Bedding •, alfo of the fame Wool, being
mixed with One-third Part of Horfc-hair, they make all
their Cordage. They make of this Felt likewile Covering
for their Stools, anti Caps to defend their Heads from the
Weather ; for all which they fpcnd a great Quantity of
their Wool.

ij. The Men Ihave a four-fquare Spot upon the
Crowns of their Heads, and from rhc two Corners, they
lliavc, ;i5 it were, two Scams down to their Temples. They
lliave alio their Temples, and the hinder Part of their Head,
to the NaiJC of the Neck. They likcwife (have the Fore-
[ irt (iown to their Foreheads, and upon their Foreheads
tin.) Lave a Lx)ck of I lair, reaching down to their Eye-
brows i on the two hinder Corners of their Heads they have
two Locks alfo, which they twine and brade into Knots,
and \o bind and knit them one under each Ear. The Gar-
ments of their Women differ not from the Mens, except
that they arc Ibmewhat longer. But the Day after a Wo-
man is married (he (haves from the midft of her Head
down to her Forehead, and wears a wide Garment like the
^'e:l of a Nun ■, but larger and longer in all Parts than a
Xim's V'lil, being open before, and they girt them under
the right Side. The Tartars differ from the Turks, becaufe
t'lc uirks fafltn their Garments to their Bodies on the left
Side i but tiie Tartan always on the right Side.

They l.ave always an Ornament for their Heads, which
thfy call Bo::a, which is made of the Bark of a Tree, or
of foine iuch Subftancc as they can find, which by the
Thicki.efs and Koundnels thereof, cannot be held but in
both 1 l.inds together \ and it hath a fquare (harp Spire
rifing tror.) the Top thereof, being almoll two Foot in
Leiii^tli, a. id fliaped like a Pinacle. This Botta they cover
all over witli \ Piece of rich Silk, and it is hollow within ;
and upon tik niidlt of this fame Spire they place a Bunch of
Quills, or lienJer Canes, a Foot anil a half long, or more,
and the Bunch on the Top thereof they beautify with Pea-
cocks Feathers j and round about they flick the Feathers of
a Mallard's Tail, and adorn it with precious Stones. Alio
great Ladies wear this kind of Ornament iipon their Heads,
binding it ftrongly to a kind of Hat, or Coif, which hath
a Hole in tlic Crown, fit for the Spire to come through \
and under this Ornament they comb the Hair of their
Heads, which they g.ither up round together, from the
hini'.er Part thereof to the Crown, and fo lap them up in a
Knot or Bundle within the Botta, which afterwards they
bind ftrongly under their Throats.

It is on this Account, that when a great Company of
fuih Ladies ride together, and are feen at a Diftance, they
look like Soldiers with Helmets on their Heads, carrying
their Lances upriglit, for the Botta appears like an Helmet
with a Lance over it. All their Women fit on Hoifeback
like Mill, and they bind their Veils or Gowns about their
Waills with a Sky-coloured or Silk Scarf, and with ano-
ther Scaif they gird it about their Breafls ; and they alfo
bind a Piece' of white Silk like a Muffler, or Mafk, under
their Lyes, reaching down to their Breails. Thefe Ladies
arc, g( nerally fpeaking, exceeding fat \ and the Icfs their
Noftv, the handfomcr they are efteemed. They daub
over their Face with Grealc too moll frightfully, and they

LMB. 3b'.

never Keep their Beds on account of their bringing forth
Children.

14. As to the Employments of their Women, they .'iivtf
Carts, lay their Houfes upon Carts, and take them d iwn
again, milk Catde, make Butter and Griat, drefs Skiii,
and few them, which they ufually do with Thread
made of Sinews i for they divide Sine.vr. into (lender
Threads, and then twine them into one large one. They
make Sandals and Socks, and other kind of Apparel •, but
they never wafli any Cloaths, for they fay that liod is then
angry, and that dreadful Thunder will enfue, if waflicd
Garments be hung out to dry. Nay, they beat fuch as
wa(h, and take their Garments from them. They are
wonderfully afraid of Thunderj for in the Time of Thunder
they force all Strangers out of their Houfes, and then
wraping themfelves in black Felt, he hid therein till the
Thunder be over. They never wafli their DiHics, or
Bowls •, yet when the Flelh is boiled they wa(h their
Platter, wherein it muft be put, with fcaliiing hot Broth uut
of the Pot, and then pour the Broth into the Pot again.
They make Felt alfo, and cover the Houfes therewith.

The Duties of tlie Men are to make Bows and Arrows,
Stirups, Bridles and Saddles, to build Houfes and Carts,
to keep Horfes, to milk Mares, to churn Cofmos and
Mares Milk, and to make Bags to put it in % they keep
Camels alfo, and lay Burthens upon them. As for Sheep
and Goats, they mind and milk them, both Men and
Women. With Sheeps Milk thidccncd and faked they
drcfs and tan their Hides. When they walh their Hands
and their Heads they fill their Mouths full of W;.t?r, and
fpouting it into their Hands by little and litflc, they fprinkle
their Hair, and walh their Heads therewith. As to their
Marriages, your Highncfs is to undcrttani, that no Man '
can have a Wife among them till he hath bought her }
therefore fomctinu s their Maids arc very llaie before they
are miuried, for their Parents always keep them till they
can fell them. They ablbin from the lirft and fecond De-
grees of Confanguinity inviolably as we do \ but they have
no Regard to the Degrees of Affinity, for they will marry
together, or by Succefllon, two Sifl rs ; their Widows
never marry a fecond time, tor this Keafijn, becaufe they
believe that all who have ferved them in this Life, fhall do
them Service alfo in the Life to come. Whereupon they
are perfuaded, that every Widow after Death fhall return to
her own Hulband ; and hence arifcs an abominable and
fihhy Cuflom amongft them, namely, that the Son mar*
rieth fometimes all his Father's Wives, except his own Mo-
ther ; (or the Court, or Houfe of the Father or Mother,
fallcth by Inheritance always to the youngeft Son, whereupon
he is to provide for all his Father's Wives, becaufe they arc
part of his Inheritance, as well as his Father's PolTeflions %
and then, if he will, he ufeth them for his own Wives, for
he thinks it no Injury or Difparagemcnt to himfelf, tho*
they return unto his Father after Death. Therefore when
any Man hath bargained v/ith another for a Maid, the Fa-
ther of the Damfcl makes him a Feaft ; in the mean time
flie flies away fome of her Kinsfolks to hide hcrfelf. Then
her Father fays to the Bridegroom, my Daughter is yours,
take her wherefoever you can find her. Then he and his
Friends feek her till they find her, and having found her,
he takes her by Force, and carries her to his own Houfe.
15. In regard to their Laws, or their Execution of Ju-
ftice, your Majefty is to be advertifed, that when two
Men fight, no third Man dare intrude himfelf to part
them : The Father dare not help his own Son •, but he
that happens to have the worft, muft appeal to the
Court of his Lord, and whoever ell'e offereth him any Vio-
lence after Appeal, is put to death ; but he muft be taken
prcfently without Delay. They punifh no Man with
Death, unlcfs he be taken in the Commifllon of the Fadf,
or elfe confefs the fame : But being accufed, they put him
to cxtreine Torture to make him confcis the Truth- They
punifh Murder with Death, and even Fornication with any
other bclides his own Women. By his own, I mean his Wife
or his Maid-Servant ; for every Man may ufe his Slave as he
pleafes. Heinous Theft alfo, or Felony, they punilh with
Death. For a light Theft, as for ftealingof a Ram, ths
Criminal not apprehended in the Faft, but othcrwife de-
7 D tcw'ted.

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7/j.' r r. / GES and TRyirELS

Book I.

1: . ■

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trafi!. is cruelly lifaten i and if the Executioner lays on
in hiindml Strokes, he mult have an hundred Rods, for
luth ai arc k-.itrn upn Sentence given in Court. Frauils
hkcwifc of eviTV kinii they punilli with Death. Sacrile-
fll.ius Perfons tluy ufe in hke manner, (of which kind of
Nlak'fadors your Majefty flull Ik more fully informed
heriaficr) JKcaufe thty clUem fuch to Ix- Witclies. When
a Man ilic; they Liincnt and howl nioft pitifully ovir
him, and the Mourner-; are frvc fioin laying any Tribute
for one whole Year after : Alfo wliocver is prtfcnt in the
1 foufe, wiurc one of Man's I'.llate lies dead, he muft not
inter into the Court of ManguKhan, till one whole Year
be expired. If it was a Child decealeJ, he mull not enter
into tlie Court till the next Month after. Near the Grave
of the Party deceafed, they always leave one Cottage.
If any of their Nobles, Ixinp of the Stock of ZiHj^ii,
their fufl Lord dies, the Plate of his Burial is not known.
AN)ut thffe Places where they inter their Nobles, there is a
Family left to keep the Sepukiire : I could not learn that
they ufed to hide Treafures in the Graves ot their
Dead.

The Ccmanlans build a ftately Tomb over their Deail,
and erect the Image of the dead Man thereupon, with his
Face towards the F.all, holding a l)rinking-cup in his
Hand beiore his Navel. They ereCl aifo Ujion the Mo-
nument of rich Men Pyramids , and in fome Places I faw
JiighTowtrs made of Brick ■, in otlur PUies Pyramids made
ot Stone, though there arc no .Stones to be found therca-
l)out5. I faw one newly buried, in 1 lunour of whom they
hung up fixtecn Horfe-hides unto each Quarter of the
World, four between certain high Pods \ and tliey fet bcfidc
his Grave Ccfmcs for him to drink, and Mefh to eat -, and
yet they faid that he was baptized. We bclicld other kind
of Sepulchres alfo toward the lart, viz. large Floors of
I'avcments, made i>f St(jiies, lome round and I'omc fquare,
and then tour long Stones pitcheil upright alx)Ut the Pavc-
nunt towards the four Corners ot the World. Wlrn any
Man is fak, he lietli in his Bed and caufcth a Sign to be
let up on his Houfe, to fignify that there lies a Ikk Per-
fu:i, that no Man may tiuer into the I loufc ; for none are
admitted there to fick Pcrfons but a Servant only. When
any one is fick in thtir great Courts they appoint Watch-
men to ftand rouml about tlic Court, who will not fufVer
any Ptrlim to enter the Precincts thereof -, for fuch is their
Sujerftition, that they are afraid that evil Spirits or Witches
lliould c(;nic logfthir with the Parties that enter in.

1 6. On my Arrival among t he fc barbarous People, I
thought, as I beturc obfcrved, tiiat 1 was cotnc into a new
World, for thiy came flocking al)out us on Horle- back,
after they liad made us wait tor them in the Shade under
the B'atk Carts. Tlic full Quellion they afked was,
whether we had ever bvcn with ilvm heretofore or not:
And on our anfwcring that we had not, they began impu
dcntly tu l)Cg our N'ktu.ils from us: We ^',ave tlicm lume
(j! i.ur Biiluit and \\ iiu-, wluth we had brought with us
from the Town of St/Jnta -, and having drank otf one
Flagp/jn of our Wine, they licniarded aiwther, telling
us, that a Man docs not go into the 1 loule witli one I oot ;
we g.ive t!ien^ no nujie luiwtvcr, exculinj; ourklves that
We liad but little. 1 ht n they alked us wiinice we came,
and whithtr wc were bound j 1 aiifwercd them in thefc
Words ; that wi had heard concerning their Prince Siirhuh,
that he was become a Chrilban, and that unto him our
Determination was to travel, having your Majefly's Let-
ters to deliver unto him. They were viTy iiuiuiiltivc to
know wlicther I (ame of mine own .Accord, or whether I
was fcnt. I anf«(rrd, that no Man compellid me to
come, neither had 1 come unlets I had been willing -, anil
that thcretore I wai <uinc according to my own Will,
and to the Will of my Sujx nor. I to<jk the utmoll Care
never to Ly that I wa» your Majdly's LmlwlTador. Then
tliey alked what I had in my Carts, whether it wereGoK),
.Silver, or rich (jarmeiits to carry to Sartad. I antwercd,
t.'iat Siirtacb Ihould kc what wc h.id brought whirn wr
Wire come unto him, that they had nothing to do to alk
fuch C^iellions \ but rattier ought to conduct me unto
t.ieir Captain, and that he, if he thought projKrr, lliould
• aute me to k- direCUd to StrtUih, it nor, that I would
return ■■, tor there was m the iaine Piyv.i)>.e yne ol Baatu'i

Kinlmcti, called Zas^atai, to whom the Emperor off
JIantiHopU had written Letters to fuffcr mc to mit a I
his Territories. Pa" throL-g(,

With this Aiifwcr of ours, they were fitisfifd p.
us 1 lorfes and Oxen, and two Men to conikt us r'
Ix-tore they would allow us thole Ncceflaric"; thtv f
us wait a long while, begging our Brea.i fcr'thtrE-"
woiulering at all Things they law about our .Servant; '■'
their Knives, Gloves, Purlh, and Points, and ricfiri-'-f
have them. I excullil myfdf, faying, wc h.id a fono Wav -!
travel, and that we could not deprive ourfdvcso^f V--
necelfary to finini folong a Journey, Then they [i/\^
a nigareily Scoundrel. It is true, they took nothi'u. h!
Force from me, but they will Ivg all they lot v.ry°i.>
[X)rtun;uely ; and it a Man bellows any tiling tip,;/,i,j'_
it is but lofl, for tliey are thanklds Wretchel iL
cflecm themfelves 1 xirds, and tliink that nothing ftoulj
Ix- denied them by any Man : If a Man giv.s them no-
thing, and afterwards Hands in Need of their Scrviec, they
will do nothing for him. They g.ive us of th;:r Uw'
milk to ilrink after the Butter was cliiirncd out of it, wh'ch
was very four, which they call .tpram; fi we iVpjiieJ
from them : And indeed it feemed to mc that we wire
efcapcd out of the Hands of Devils. The ntxt Day *j
were introduced to their Captain. FiomtheTime wh.Tcji
we ileparteil from Soldaia, till we arrived at the Court ct'
Sartech, which was the Space eif two Months, wc nevrr
lay in Floufc or Tent, but always under the Car.o"v ol
Heaven, and in the open Air, or under our Carts ; ruiihcr
faw we any Village, or heard of any BuiL!ing uhire any
^'llIage had bc-en -, but the (Staves of the Qmmur.m w. |>
in great abundance. The fame I'vening cur d: V
which hail condudled us, !;ave us fume Lefmos : Kw.:
I had eirank thereof, I Iwiated extrenkly, wliicliwijowr:,
I believe, to the Novelty of it, bcraiili I r.cvcrilMi '. ,,; ,;
before; notwiilillaiuiing I thought it w.is very pkaii;: rJ
well tailed.

17. Wc met the n.iy followir:'; with t'.c Carts t.| L'
fiatat, laden with 1 louies ; and 1 n ally i!ioiir;!.t thJ! a
great City came to meet mr. I Wdi-drred .it the Mdi-
tuile of Dioves of Oxen, a;u! Il'>rfc5, a:;d Drovn ol
Shtrp v 1 ci>uKl fie but a few Men that {;u!dt\l alltlil'e:
UpK)n which I enquiml liiiw nuny Men he haJ u-.Jir
him, and th'-y told me tliat he liad lot .ibovc five l..:;:J'e;
in all, and tliat the one half of this Number were |jK'.:,
as they lay in anotlier Lodging. TliLn tin- frv.!'!»!.:cl.
was our Guide, told mc that I niuft pn lint fc»l:j; tj
Zagaiai -, ar.d lb he caufcd us to flay, g.int; t!'.en;f;:v.: Ic-
fore to give Notice of our cuinini',. By this Tinii ;t •.*.;)
paft Three, and they unladed iheir IKmli-S near aKivrr;
aiul rhere came unto us his Interpreter, who be:r.; in-
formeii by ui that wc were never tliete before, (ieTi-i!eil
tome of oi:r Viiftiwls, and wc granteel his Keqi;ill He
alio required of lb fome Garment, tor a Rewaril, Inx!;
iie was to interpret our MelVage to his Mailer : Wc «■
cufed ourlclves as well as we couKI, Then he alkeJ iis
what we would prefent to his I ord, and wc took a Hi;-
gon of Wine, .iiid fillcel a Balkrt vMth Bifcuit, ai\!.i Sal
ver with Ai)ple5, anel otlier Fruits ; but he was net cen-
tented therewith, bccaufe wc bruuiil.t hiin not lomer.vM
Garment. . ,

Wc were, however, a.imitted into his PrtUr.rf v.it.i
l-'car and B.ilhtiilnefs. I le fat upn his Bed holA'? >■
mulicd Inllrument in his Hand, and his Wife lit by l.:i-,
who, in my Opinion, had cut and pared her Noie be-
tween the Lyes, that (he might fecnitobe more fiat-nol.u;
for llie had left hcrfelt no Noll- at all i;i that I'laff, lu«ng
anointed tlie very Scar with black Omtnurt, as Hk a..o
did her F.yebrows; which Sight fet m(d tons ijicUfS;.
Then I rcix-ated to him the fame Words which 1 h- 'i-"-
ken in other Places -, lor we were eliree^iel m this Lireum-
fiance by tome that hael been aniongll tlic Urtiri, t.u
wc n,ould nevrr vary in our Tale. 1 beloiight hini tna.
he would vou. iilate to accept tiiis finall (iitt at ourlU---.
cxculing mytelt that I was a M-e.k, and that U «i'
againll our Protenion to ix-lllls Gold, Silver, orp^.^'^>
Garments, and therefore that I li.id not .my l''^-' ."■;^
to j-'ivc hini, uid. Is heuoiild reo iv>- |,.int- 1 art ol (.•■
N'utuali iiUlead ot a BIcliing. He caukJ thereyiwn^'^

Chap. II.

of William de Rubruquis.

5^3

prtllnt to be rectivcd, and immediately diflributcd the
fiiinc amongft his Men, who were met together For that
Purpoft, to drink and make merry. I delivered alfo to
hill) the Emperor of Cci;J}autinopIe'f, Letters, eight Days
'trr the Fcaft of Afccndun, and lie lent them to Soldaia
to have them interpreted there j for they were written
in Greek, and he had none about him that was ftilled
in the Greek Tongue,

I le allied us if w? would drink any Cofmos, that is to fay
Mare's Milk, for thofe that are Chrillians among them, as
the Ruffians, Grecians, and Alans, who keep 'h'iir own
Law very ilrJftly, will not drink thereof, for ihcy account
ihcmfclves no Chriftians after they have once drank of it,
and their Priefts reconcile them unto the Church as if
thty had renounced the Chriftian Faith. Janfwcred, that
»c had as yet fufficicnt of our own to drink, and that
when it failed us we muft be conllrained to drink fuch as
fhoiikl be given us : He enquired alfo what was contained
in the Letters which your Majcfly fcnt to Sartach. I an-
fwercd, that they were fcaled up, and that there was no-
thing contained in them but friendly Words. And he
alkcil what Words we would deliver unto Sartach ? I an-
fwcreil, the Words of Chriftian Faith. He aflccd again
what thofe Words were ? For he was very defirous to hear
them. Then I exixiuiuled unto him as well as 1 rould by
my Interpreter, who was a very forry one, the ApolUt's
Crcfil, which after he hati heard he Ihook his Head.
Then he afligned us two Men to attend upon us, and our
Horfcs and our Oxen, and he caufed us to ride in his
Company, till the Mcffcnger he had fent for the Tranda-
tion of the Emperor's Letters arriveil ; Jo wc travelled in
his Company till the Day after lyhitfunday.

1 8. There came to us on ir/ji/Jbn-Evc, fonic of the
People called /Hans, who are the Chrilliaiis of the Greek
Church, ufing Greek Books, and were Priells, but thiy are
not Schifmatieks as the Grecians are, finci without e.seeption
of Pcrfons they honour all Chriftians ; and they brought
unto us boiled Flefli, rcquefting us to eat of their Meat, and
to pray for one of their Company who was de.ul. I an-
fwcrcJ, becaufc it w.is the Eve of lb great a I'eafl, wc
would not eat any Flcdi -, and I r xpoundcil to them the
Solemnity of the P'eaft, for they were ignorant of all
Things relating to the Chrift ian Religion, except the Name
of Chrift.

T!icy and many other Chridianr, both Riiffums and
Ilungirians, dcmandeil of m whctlur they might be
fiwd or no, btcaufe they were conllrained to drink Cof-
mos, and to eat the dead CarcalTcs of Things flain by the
Infidels, which even the Greeks .md Ruffian Priells alfo
tfteemcd as Things ftrangted or olVered to Idols, becaufo
they were ignorant of the Times of Falling, neither coulil
they have obi'erved them if they luid known them. I in-
(Iruflcd them as wt II as I could, antl llrengthencd them in
the faith ; as for the JHefli wliicli tlity l..ul brought, v,e
rcftrved it till the l-Van.-day, lor there is nothing fold
among the T.:riars for Cnild and Silver, l-.ut tor Cloth
and Garnuats, of which we had none. When oi:r Ser-
vants offered them any of their Coin, called by them Yper-
[•"a, they rubbed it with their Fingers and put it to their
N'ulc?, t'j []\- by the Smell whether it were Copper or no.
T'uy di;l not allow for our Food any Subfillence but Cow's
Milk orly, whitli was very four : One Thing moll ne-
r.ffiry w.is greatly warning to us, for the Water was li)
f-iul and imi.'uy by reaibii of tluir 1 lorfes, that it was lujt
t;t to be drank -, fo that had it not been lor fomc Bilcuit,
which by thr (ioodntii of God w.is llill kit us, we had
mdoubtedly pu-iflicd.

19. On the Ftall of Penleccji there came to us a Ma-
hmmediin, to whom, as he talkeil with us, wc exjwunded
thi-Chrinwn I'.iith, who (being informed of C.ckI's Good-
''.cfsto Mankind in the Incarnation of our Saviour Chrill,
the Refurrec^ioii of the Dead ami the Juilgnicnt to conn ,
and that Baptifm was a walliing away of Sins) liiiil that he
woull be l),ipti/eil ; but wlien we prepaieil to baptise him,
!•' fuddenly niounti d 011 I lorfeback, laying, that he would
rollrjme and conliilt with his Wik ; And the next Day
*"' told us that he diirll not receive B.iptifm, becaufe then
lit^ Ihould drink no more CoI'mos ; for the Chrilliaiis of
'ii.it Place adirm, that no true Chrillians ought to diink

it, and that without it he could not live in that De firt ;
from which Opinion I could not for my Life remove him.
It is fcarcc credible, how many are reltrained from becom-
ing Chrillians from this Opinion, broached and confirmed
among them by the Ruffians, of whom there arc a great
many fettled here. The fime Day Zag^atai gave us on-'
Man to condudl us to Sartach, and to guide us to the
next Stage, which was five Days Journey for Oxen to
travel. 'I'hey gave us alfo a Goat for Visuals, and a
great many Bladders of Cow's Milk, and but a little Cof-
mos, becaulc they love it fo much themfelves ; and fo
taking our Journey dircftly towards the North, I though:
we had palled through one of Hell-Gates.

The Servants who conduced us began to play the bold
Thieves, feeing us take little heed to ourfelves •, at length
having loll much by their Thievery, Suffering taught us
Wifdom. When we came to the Extremity of that Pro-
vince, which is fortified with a Ditch from one Sea unto
another, without which was their Place of Lodging, into
which fo foon as wc hail entered, it appeared to us as if all
(he Inhabitants were infefted with Leprofy, for certain bafc
Fellows were placed there to receive Tribute of fuch as
took Salt out of the Salt-Pits. From that Place th.ey told
us we mud travel fifteen Days Journey before wc fliould
find any other Place ; with them we drank Cofmos, and
gave to them a Baflcet full of Fruits and of Bilcuit, and
they pave unto us eight Oxen and one G(iat ro miiintaiii
us in fuch a Journey, and I know not how many Bladders
of Milk 1 and lb changing our Oxen we proceeded for ten
Days, arriving then at another Stage, iKitlur founl we
any Water all that Way, but only in fomc Ditches made
in the Vallies and in two Fiivers. From the Time alfo
that we departed out of the Province of Gilfaria, wc
travelled diredtly Eaftwiinl, having the Sea on tlie Suuih-
fide of us, and a vail Defart on the North, which De-
fart in fome Places reaches twenty Days Journ^ y in
Bre.adth, without Tree, Mountain, or lb much as a .Stone
therein, and is a moll excellent Palluro. Hire t!:e Coma-
nians, which were called Capthihl, were wont to feed their
Cattle, and were the lame the Germans flikd ll'aL'.ni, and
the Province itfelf (Ftiinni.i. But !Ji.!cie calktli all the
I'rafl of Land flretching from the River of Tmiais to the
Lake of Meotis, and lo far as the Diiniibe, tiie Country
of the ///««;'. And thelamcCountry extends in Length from
the Danube to Taa.iis (which divides ./fr.i from E'.rrpe)
for the Space of two Month's Journey, and it was all in-
habited by the, Comanians, called Coptbai, and beyond
Tanais as far as the River of Edil or yol^n, the Sjiace be-
tween which two Rivers is a long Journey to be travelled
in ten Days. To the North of the fame Province lieth
Rtffia, which is full of Wood in all Places, and llretchcs
from Poland and Ilungiiry to the River of -Tanais, and it
likewif,' hath been waited by the Tartars, and is llill waft-
ed by them.

20. Ihc Tartars have more Ellccm for the Saracens
than thf Ruffians, becaufe the latter are Chrillians, and
when they are able to give them no more, they drive them
and their Chililren, like Flocks of Sheep, into the Wildcr-
nefs, conftraining them to keep their Cattle there. Be-
yond Riffia lieth tiie Country of Priffi.i, which the Tcu-^
tonick Knights of the Order of St. Mary's Hofpital of
JerufJeni have of late wholly fubdued, and indeed they
might eafily w'lnRuffa if they would attempt it vigoroufly •,
for if the Tartars Ihould once know tliot the great Prieft,
for that is the Name they give to the Pope, h.id caulcd the
F'nfign of the Crols to be difplayed againll them, they
woukl lly into the Defarts. But to proceed ;

We went towards the Eailward, filing nothing but the
Sky and the Earth, and Ibmetimes the Sea on cur right
Hand, called the Sea of Tanais, and the Sepc.Lhrcs of
the Ccmanians, which appeared unto us two l^'agues off,
in which their Cuflom was to bury their Dead altogether.
While we were travelling through the Defart it went rea-
fonably well with us, but I cannot luilkicntly exprcfs the
Irkfomenefs of their Place of Abode, tor cur Guide
would have us go to every Captain with a Prelcnt, whi^ h
was an lixpence our Circumllances woulil not bear, lor
we were eight Perlbns fpending our o'.^. 11 ProvifK.n, for
the larlar Servants would all of them tatot our Vic1ual=,

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5<^4

rhe rO YAGES and rRAVELS Book I.

Tlic Fli-ni wliich thfy cave ik was not fuffkitnt for Wc travf II«! thence three Days together without findine

v:s, niitlicr ci ulil wc find.iny Tiling to be Uuight for our any I'eople \ ami when oiirfelves and our 0«tn wtrtcx

Money : Ant) as wc lat d iilcr our Carts \\\ the cool Sim- cccJing weary and faint, not knowing how far it would

i!ow, on Accwint of the extreme Hrat, they wouUI im|H)r- lie to any Tiir/tfrj, on a fuddcn tlicre came two Hurfa

tiiiutily ami ihanKluliv intrude ihemlclvii into our torn- ninning towards us, which wc caught with great Jo? •

luny , lo that tl.cy would even tread iijion m to fee what we Ovir Guide and our Intcrprtter mounted upon their Bickj

had i liicli Slovens tliey were, that they would lay their to ftf how far off they could diftry any Teopic i and upon

Tail"! in dir Frclincc while they were yrt talking with us : the tuutth Day of our Journey, having f(,und fome Inhi.

Ma:iy I't'iirr Things they committed, which were moft tc- hitanM, wc rejoiced like Seamen, who had cfcaped out

di()usap<l ioailifon-.c unto as. <>f a dangerous Tem|)ert, and had newly recovaed the

Hi:t above all, it j;rievcd mc to the very Heart, that Haven. Then having taken frelh Horles and Oxen, we

wlr a 1 woi.ld l-.av ■ fix)kcn what might tend to thfir I'\li- i^fed on from Stage to Stage, till at laft, the fetwldof

fu.n !.:i, nv fooliih Interpreter wouKl lay, you Ihould not .%ij/?, wc arrived at the Habitation of 5arltt\ die

make me I'ca-mc a I'reaehcr now i I tell you I cannot, I ^arUr I'riicc.

will not rehianc any Inch Words : And true it was whiih a I. All the Country lying beyond Trfw/i iiaverybsn;.

he faid, for I (xneived afterward^, whrn I iK'pim to have tiful and iilea'ant Kcgion, alwunding with Rivers md

a litt!c Knowkdi;c in the Lans;uai;;e, iliat when 1 fjxikc Woods. Towards the North Part thereof there are large

one riii.ig !i • would fay quite another •, tliat is, whatfocvrr I-'orclli inhabited by two I'orts of I'copIe, one of them is

"" - ' • I ailed M*.v*/, lieing mere /'jfflw, and without Law, thty
have neither Towni nor Cities, but only Cottages in the

came ncxrto his witlcl's Tongue's F.nd. Then feeing the
Dai.pcr 1 nii^-Jit incur in fj-eakipg by fuch an Interpreter,
I refolveil rather to hold my Feaci', and thus wje Iravrllcil
with great Fatigue from Place to Plare, till a few Days
bctore the I-ca1l of St. A,Vr)' A/J^f"'-'''". *i- arrived at tin-

. 'ttages in the

Wootli. Their Lord, and a great Part of thcmfcivfs,

w ere put to the Sword in Vnrmany •, wlicreupon they higlily

mmmend the brave v.'.)urage of the ,//«/,»«;, hopingas yet

Banks of the mighty Kivtr Taiwr.', which divides, _/^i tn be delivered out of the Bondage of the 7i;r/(;n by their

from /•(/'•(;>(•, even as t!ic River A'r.V of Egyft lrparat(s
/ifi,i troni Africa. At the I'late where we ariived, IIuUh
and Sar.a,h\\i\ cai:lii.: Cottages to W built upon t!ic
hjltan Bark 1 1 the River, tor a Crn>pary ot Kv^iXm la
dwell in, that t!ity might f idport Anibairailois and M. i •
c!ah:^ in Ferry • IJuJts over tiiat Part d the RiVer i where full
they k; :icd us ovi r, and then our Cait^ putting one Whei I
into o,u , and the otl'.er into the other Lighter, full biiuliic,
lotli i!ic ) j^ht^ f. togithrr, and fo ttuy lowed tiiem ovtr,
In tins I'l.'.tc (i.ir Cjui.lc play'd the tonj nran|vlyv lui
h? iiiia.vring that the Fiijfui<'.s d willing in the I'otiaj'.e
ll'.; lii.l have prov.dcJi ii> Morli:?, fent home the llralK wc
bfpught W'tli us in a:u)th.eT Cart, that tliey mii-.ht rrtiiiu
to t!icir own Mallei-;. But when wc demamleil fome BcalU
ci them, li'.ey anf.v, red, tliat tluy hail a PriviKj^- fiom
lu-.xtu, wliireLy tliey v/cic bound to no other Service but
to fc.ry Ciucr. ar.d Comers ■, and that they rereivrd great
Sums from Mochants t-ven for that. Wc Hayed there by
the Rivcr-fid.t three Days. The lirfl Day they gave u^ .i
gre.;t f.-cili Turbot : VVx facn.i Day t!ay Ix-llowoil Rye
brcud ap.<l al.ttle I'lelh u^xin us, which the Purveyor of the
\';I!ay;;' ha;l u.cn up at every F foulc torus : And the third
Day dried Fi.l), w!,:rli th-y havctirerc in ahundame, The
River w... as broad in tliat Place as the River Son is at
Pi^rii \ «nd Ix-f re wr came thir-, we palled over many
fine VVaitrs all lull of Fi."!, .ind yet the barlxrous iu\d
rude 'tartars know not how to take them \ ruither do

Means. It any Merchant com; amung them, he mull prc-
vide Things necelT.iry tor him with whom he is firft enter-
tained all the time of his Abode among tlicm. It' any lieth
with anot!i( r Man's Wife, her Hulband, unlefs he be an
lye-witnels thereof doth not rcgnrd it, I ur they arc not
lealous ol their Wives. Tliey have abundance of Ho"s,
and great Store of Honey and Wax, and various forts of
iich and toftly Skins, and Plenty of Falcons.

I'lic otlirr Peojile are c.dled SlrcLis, which the Latin:
tall \fi:ritiii, and they are Moiiiwmcdans. Beyond thrm is
the River of Kti.'.ut, or I'ulga, windi is the greaiellR:v;r
that ever I faw, and it ifllies from the North Part of Bn!-
g/in,i ibt (!fi(i'<f ; and fo trending a!i.ng Southward, i!;f-
charges it lilt into a ceitain Lake, containing in Circuit il:e
.Space ol lour Months Travel, of which I (hall fixakhtrc-
atti r. The two Rivers aforementioned, 'ranais and Etiliii,
othei wile called l-'ef^a in the Northern Regions, thro' wind
we travelled, are not diftant al)ove ten D.iys Journey, be;
Si 'iithwaril iliey arc dividetl a great Sjacc one from aroil.cr,
ti ir 'l.inah deli ciideth into the Sea oiPontui. Etili-i makct.'i
the lorelaid Sea or Lake, with the Help of many Mhcr
Rivers which fall into it out of P<r/j, and we h,ul to the
&)uth of us very higli Mountains ; uran the Side thereof
townnls the litid Dclarr, the People ailed Ctfrg.'J, and the
JUmi or ./rrjj inhabit, who are as yet Chriftians, anJmake
War agnirdl t!i,- Tartan. Beyond them, next c.to the

_._ .... _ Sea or" L.'.ke of £//7/'d, there are certain A/siwM^w

they iVial^e any Reckonir.g of any bifli, except it be lo C.illed /.//_^i, whoare in .SubjeiJtion to thc'/ir/flr;. Beyond

this is /V/d-/''(rr<d, or the Iron (latc, concerning ihi Si-
tuation of which your Majefty fhall be further informcO to-
wards the l-jnt\ ot this Trcatife, for I travelled in myRt-
turn by the very Pl.ice between thefe two Rivers; mth;
Regions through which wc palled the Comaniuns lormcrly
inhabited liet'orc they were over-run by the Tartar:.

21. W'c found Sarlacb lying within three Days jcjey
of the Rivir EliHa, whole Court Iccmed to us lobevir/
gn-.it, for he himfell had fix NNivcs, and his eldcllSoniliJ
li.id three Wives, ivery one of whicii Women hathagMt
I loufe, and each of tluin above two hundred Cartx 0-
(Jiiidc went unto a cenain iXeJlorian named Coiat,mii
a Man ot great Authority in iiari,ul> Court; he niajcusgo
a long way to one Janna, tor fo they call hjin wo
has the Olliie ol ciiiertaining Ambalfailors. In the Lver.;rg
Coial commanded us to come unto him. Then ourCiui«
iK-gan to emiuirc what we would [relint him wiw. ^^^
was cxccedinglv olll-nded when he law we had notmr-^rtM
Wc lloinl Ix'forc him, ami he U m^ihai),

j;reat that they may eat the Flefli ot it as tliey do t!ie
Mcili of a Ram.

This River is the Limit of the Fal< Part of Hufi.i \ it
rikth cut of the Fens of M.tciis, which Fens extend
([uite to the North-ocean. It runs fouthwaril, and forms
a Sc-aof fcven iiundred Miles in Kxtent Ix-lorr it fills into
the Potiluj Ekxinui, or the bUuk-Sta \ and all the Rivers
we juffed over ran into the lame. This River has alio
great rtore of Wixxl grow it.g on the Well Side thereof The
•lart.Ui remove no farthi r towards tin North ; I-'or aUiut
thv tirrt of /fugi'JI, they Ug'o to return back to the .South ;
and therefore tl.. n is .inother Cott.i;7,r lomewhal lower,
where Paflcngcrs art feiricd over in Winter- inur. Ami
in this Place wc wire driven to great F.xtremity, liccauli:
wc (ij'.ild get neither Morfcs nor O.ven for Money •, at
lengti., after I haei declared unto tli in, that my coming
W's l(^r the common ()u<xi of all C liriltians, they lent us
Oxen .ind Men, but wif ourfelves were lurced to tiavel on
toot. At this Time they were rrapinj', their Rye ; as lor
Wh;at, it grows not well in that .Soil ; ihey have Millet
in great aiiundance.

The KuJ/iiin Women drels their I leads like our Wo
men : I hey embroider their (iowns on the Out- fide, Iroin
tl.rir Itet ur.to the Knees, with party-coloured or gtey
StuH". The- Rufjum Men wear Caps like the Duldmtn ;
alio they wear ujion their Heads certain Oiarp .ind high-
frcwn'd Hatb made of Felt, mucii like u Sug.ir loaf

to preleiit. »»«. iiwiAi iniv/it ■ .. ,

having Mulick and Dancing in his Prelencc. Ihenliiw
unto him in the Words Ixdorc recited, telling him wr«na
PuriHife I was come unto his Lord, and rcijuelbng to muui
favour at Ins I lands as to bring our Lctteis u.-.to ue bib"

ol his Lord. I exculed myfelf alio, that I Y,"*
not havmi';, nor leteivin,'.;.

Monk.
nor uliiu^ai.yimi'i'ii-Siiva,

or other precious thing, lave our Hooks ami i

he turnisi*

in whiili, as Priells, we le

:rvid t.odi and t;!^«>';f

0.:-

Chap. H.

of William d e R u n r u o u i s.

Caufe why 1 brought no Prcft-nt to him, or to his Lord ;
for having abamlomii my own Goods, it could not be cx-
[Kclfil I Ihould bccoiiu- a Carrier for other Men. To all
which hf aniWcrcd very toiirtcoufly, that being a Moni«,
in fo doing I did well, tor lb 1 Ihould obfcrvc my Vow \
neither rtood he in nct-il of oupht we had, but rather was
naily to bellow on us liich tilings as we ftood in need of-,
ami having fo laid, he caiiHd us to fit down, and to drink
ril liis MilK, and prcli-ntiy .dtcr he rcqucftcd us to iii^ our
U.voiions for him, and we did h.

He enquirtil aifo who was thi' grcateft Prince among the
hmiu i. c. the WclVerii Chrillians ? and I faid the Em-
piror, if he could enjoy his own Dominions in Quiet.
No, replied he, but the King of h'ratue, for he h.id lieard
of your Highnefs by Lord Baldwin of Hinautt. I found
there aifo one of the Knights Templars, who had been in
Ctprm, and had made Report of all things which he faw
(here. Then we returned to our Lodging, and the next
Morning we fent him a Flaggon of Mulcadel Wine (which
h,ui kept very well in fo long a Jovirney) and a Box full
tit Bifcuit, which was mod acceptable unto him, and he
ileiiincd our Servants for that Evening, and they were well
enteruined at his Tents. The next Morning he commanded
me to come to Court, and to bring the King's Letters, and
jny Vcftments and Books with me, becftufi: his Lord was
dcfiroiis to fee them, whitli we did accordingly, lading one
Cart with our Boob and Veftnients, and another with
Bifcuit, Wine, and Fruits ; then he caulld all our Books
and Vcftments to be fpread abroad, and there ilood round
about us many Tartars, Cbriftians, and Saracens, on
Horfebaik ; at the Sight of which he demanded, whether
I would bellow all thofe thitigs upon his Lord or no ?
Which faying made me tremble, and threw mc into an ex-
celTive Fright. DilTembling our Grief as well as we could,
we pave him the following Anfwer : Sir, Our humble Re-
queft is, that our Lord, your Maftcr, would vouchfafc to
accept our Bread, Wine, and Fruits, not as a Prefent, bc-
caufc it is tOO mean, but as a Benedi^ion, led we (houid
come with an empty Hand before him, and he (hall fee the
Letters of my Sovereign Lord the King, and by them he
ftall iimierftand for wiiat Caufe we are come unto him, and
then both ourfelves and all that we have are at his Pleafure,
but for our Vtllmcnts they are holy, ajul it is unlawful lor
any but Pricfts to touch them.

Then he comm.indcd us to drcfs ourfelves in tlie Gar-
ments, that wc migi\t go before his Ixjrd, and wc diil fo.
Then putting on our mod precious Ornaments, I took in
my Arms a very fair Cufhion, .md the Bible which your
Majefty gave me, and a mod beautiful Pf.iltcr, which the
Queen was pleaftd to bedow upon me, wherein there were
Vity fine Piftures, My Affociate took a MilFal and a Crofs,
ii.-.(i the Clerk having put on his Surplice, took a Ccnfor in
his Hand, and fo wc tame to the Prefence of his Lord, and
they lifted up the Felt hanging before his Door, that he
might behold us.

Then they caufed the Clerk and the Interpreter thrice to
bow the Knee ; but of us they required no futh SubmilTion,
and they diligently admoniflicd us to take care that in going
in, and in comino: out, we touched not the Threfliolilof the
Iloufe, and requcdcd us to fing a Bi:naliftion tor him.
A: iengtii we entered finging Saht Regina -, and in the
1 nirancc of the Door dood a Bench with Cofmos, and
Drinking-cups thereon, and all his Wives were there af-
fcmbltd i alio the Moguls, or, as they pronounce, Moals,
or rich Tartars, thrud in, and prtfll-d hard on us.
Then Coiat carri«i to his Lord the Ccnibr, with Incenfe,
which he beheld very diligently, holding it in his Hand \
afterwards he carried the Pfaitcr unto him, which he looked
urnertjy upon, and his Wife aifo that fat by him; after
that he carried the Bible ; tlun Sartack afkcil, if the (iofpcl
*fre contained therein ? "i'ts, faid L and all the Holy
Sciiptuics Ixfulc?.

He took the C'rof. alio in his Hand, and alked, as to the
Imagi, wluther it were the Image ot Chrid or no ? I faid
"was. T"Ik: N'jtorin.u and the .bmtnians never make
the Figure of Clmll upon ilicir Crc^liis. Wlicrefore, citiicr
they Icini not to ihii.k wtil of ilii? Padion, or elll* tluy are
afliamrii of it. T'hcn he c;uil"i:d tlicm that dood alwut us to
"jnd jfide, iliai he might luur. iv.'.Iy bti.uld our Ornaments.
Ni'Mi. XXXIX.

5^5

AftcrwaiiU I delivered unto him yfjur Maj- fly's Letters,
with the Tranllatioii tliiieot in the ..'ni/'irk and S^r Lick
L.anguage-., for I e.iul^'d tlioni to be tr.iiillatcd at Am into
the C'luravter and Diah 1 1 dl ru'.li the lai.l ToniVJe.. T'herc
wcrccertain/yn«(7//'./»»l'riell.s, who wen' v;rll\! ir. tlit/'wr/y'!;
and /ln\l4,iH Liui!;un|.',cs, ;ii;;l tin- Kaighi. biturr men-
tioned alio of tlieOnlii ol ih; '1 v nple li.J Kiiowl,\!gc-
in the Syri.h; 'Iiirkijh, and /irnli.m T'onj.',ues. Then we
departed, and putotVour Velhiients, and there c.-iiuj unta
us tome Setru.iii of the dun, u.^jjetlkT wiili the dut!,
and tauled our Letters to K inurpreted, which LLU,.r3
being heaul, he caufed our Bh'ad, S\ im-, and IVuits, to
be received \ and ho iwriiiitted U3 .llo to carry our Vtll-
mcnts and Uook:i unto our own Lod^iufi;.

2 J. We h.id ilu; next MoMilng liotimcs a Vifit from a
certain Priell, who was iJiotlier to 'Jo/.;,', recjutfliDg to
have our Box of ChriI'm, bccaule Siirtaih, .ns he fai.l, wai
dcfirous to iLe it, and fo wc g.ivi: it him. In tlio Lvcninj;
Ceiat lent for us, laying, my Lord, your King, wiov. kind
Words unto my Lord and Mader 6 ^rijch. There .ire,
however, certain Matters of Difficulty in them, concern-
ing which he d.ire not dctermiiio without the Advice cf
his Father, and therefore you mud depart unto him, leav-
ing behind you the two Carts which you brought hitiier •
yederday with Vedmcms and Books in my Cudotly, becaufL-
my Lx)rd is dcfirous to take a more diligent View of them.
I prefently fufpcfting wiiat Mifchief mi^lit crfue from his
Covetouliiefs, made him Anlwer \ Sir, We will nor only
leave thofe with you, but the two other Carts aifo, which we
have in your I'ollcllion. Ytiu fliall not, faid he, l.avc thofe
behind you •, but for the two Carts tirll named, we will
fatisfy your Keijuell ; 1 laid, that this could not cor.vcnier.tly

be done, but wc iiuill ie,u>

ithhiti). Tlien he an<cd.

whether we mcuit to lein.iin iu il;c Lind ? I anAvere.!, ii'
you have rc.id, and underlhuiJ riie Leiters of wj Lord th'J
King, you know tl.at we aic I'j i!'-u:rni'r-J v then he re-
plied, that he oupjit to be patient, and lb wc departed fr jin
him that Lvcn.ij;,.

The next Muiniiig he fot a I'cj'iir'wii Tn^:^ for tlic
Carts, and we (auli.d .ill the lour Carts to Lj delivered;
then came tin; btlbiuncntloncd brother of C/.i.' to met u^-,
and feparated thofe iliin[.',s, wliiih \vi \\.\.\ lirought ti.c Dajr
before to the Court from the red, ;/;:. tin; Boi^ks and ^'ell-
ments, and took them away witii him. C:i::l li:ul, how-
ever, commanded, tliat we llioiil.i catry thcle \'i.dmcnt3
with us, which wc wore in tlie i'ie;'e;ice cf Sarttuh, that
wc might put them on be[i)re ILitUu, if lie fliould reqidie
it i but the Priell tool; them from us by ^'iJlence, ulln.^
thcfe Words; Yuu brou;;lit tliem to Sartdc'.; and woukl
you carry tlum to Bitatii ? And when I would h.ive fliewn
niin the Reafon, he anfwered. Come, don't be too talka-
tive, but go your way. Then I law there w.u no Remedy
but Patience, tor wc could have no Acctis unto Sarincb
himfcif, neither was there any that would tlo us Juflicc. I
was afraid aifo of the Interpreter, tliat lie iiad fpoken other
things than I direCled him ■, lor his Will was good, that
we mould have given away all that we had. There was
yet one Comfort left to me, for when lonre perceived their
covetous Intent, I conveyed from among our Books tlie
Bible, and the Sentences, and other Books, which I valu^-d
mod, I durd not, howevir, i.ike away the Pfaitcr of my

was too well known,
[,',oiiien nciure:? tiicriin : So wc returned
with the two other Carts to our Lodging •, then ram? hi':
that was ap|X)inted to he our Guide to the Court of 7>.-.!.'.v,
bidding us provide tor our Journey in all hufle ; to wiiom
I faid, that I would in no ca'e have tlic Carts go with me,
which he declared unto CV;-.7.

Then Coiat commands d ili.it wc fliou'd K-p.vc them, ai^.d
our Servant with him, and we did as he dirrilrd, an,! fb
travelled dircclly I'.adw.uds towards Biuitn ; I'le 'hird Day
we came to £////<;, or I'cl^a, the Stream of which when I
behekl I wondered lix)m what Uc;^',!oi; of the North lueli
huge and mighty Waters lliuuld deli:eiid. Uefere wo wero
departed Irom isuitad\ C,oi,it, with many '>t'ur Scril-es cf
the Court, faiil unto us, Do i.o't make Repou t'-.nt eur ! onl
is a Chrillian, but .i Meal, beiaule the Name of a ClMillian
feemeth to ihem to he tire N.iine of tome Nation ; and fo
I'rcit is their I'lide, that ilu)uj;h tl-.;'V !-.lieve, perln;)',

7 V f.r.i.i

Ibvereign Lady the Qiiceii, beiaufe it was
on account of the j.'.olden Pii-'liire:? then in

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5^6

lie V or AGES and r R .1 rEl.S

Book I,

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fome fhinr;« cnrrernirr, Chrirt, yet tl.ry will iidt be c.iilrd
Chrilb.n.s Kinj; ik-firoin t!i.it tlirirown Njmo, tli.it is to
ljy.Mci';iii j^/r.i/, Ihniilii W rxaltrcl above all othrr N.imri :
N'( itli-r'will thry be rallL-il by the Nainc of 'larl.in, fur
the -lar-urs were another Nation, as I was iniornictl by

thiin.

24, At the Time that the Fronk} ma^le thrtnlrlvrs
Malleis ot tlir City of .hlioth, whitli was alxxit the Year
109;, there nigntil in thil'- Nortiurn I'art-; a Prince whole
Name was Koit-Kban, or Ken- Khan. Ken or Ken was his
proper Name, anil Khan his Stile of Power or Dignity ;
for It is to be uiHlerllDoJ, that the Word Kbtin ftridly
taken, Ikviifiis a D.vinrr, a Man Ikillci! in fiiblime Siiencts,
or o(R who can lurctel luture I'.vents i and from thence it
is transKrred to their I'rinces, as if they helil them to be
indowrd with all theic great Qiulitii s. The Turks, at the
Time of that Siege, demanded Succour* of Ken-Khan
againrt the Chrilllans, as coming themfelves originally out
of thefe Countries. This Ken-Khan was (lilcil likewifc
Kl'jn, or Prince of G»n»-Cd/iv.T', which is as muih as to
fay, the Bluck Caih.iy \ for Cant in their Language figni-
lies black, and Caih.iy is the Name of a certain Country,
which, however, is to be dillinguiftietl from that Cathin
which lies fartlur towards the Fait, and is a maritime Coun-
try, of whicli I lliail Ijieak hereafter.

As lor t!iis Car,:-Citihiiy, it lies liehind certain Moun-
tains over whiih I piilVed, as alfo throtjgh a plain Coun-
tiv, in whuh dwelt formerly a certain great Nejionan
I'liilh who w.u the Sovi-reign of a Nation called Ntiymam,
and wiio were all Chriftians of "the Nejicnan Si ft. This
K:>t-Kban being dead, the Sefiorian Prieft bctbir mentioned
tixik u[x)n him the Stile and Otficc of a King, and thence
the Sejhrians calk-d him the King i'r^^rr John, \. e. Jehn
llic Pricrt, and publiflied mighty things concerning him,
and much lieyond the Truth •, for it is the Cuftom of the
i\'eftcrian} coming from this Country to magnify every
little thing into a great Matter, ju(l as they I'prcad a Re-
port that i.irtach was Income a Chriftian, and that Manga-
Kb.m, and Ken-Kban, had alfo embraced our Religion only
hicaiifc they were indulgent to thole of our ProfcflTion, the'
nothing is more certain than that none of them are Chri-
llians. So likexMfL* there went abroiid a great Report con-
cerning tins King .in I Prieft John \ notwithfttnding which,
when I travi licil tlir jugh his Territories, there was no boily
that knew any thing of him, but a few Neftorians. In his
Paftures or Territories dwelt Ken-Khan, at whofc Court
Friar .■Mrr.v was, and I myfcif paffed by at my Return.
This Jebn had a Brother who was jx>werful alfo, and a
Shepherd like himfelf called Unt, and he inhabited beyond
the Mountains of Cara Calkty, d.iftant from his Brother
Jchn the Space of three Weeks Jniirncy. He was Lord
ot a certain V'lllage called Cara-Carum, having People alfo
for his .Siibje^s named Prtt, or Merkit, who were Cliri-
llians of the S-.-ft of Neftor:ui \ but their Lonl aljandoning
the Worlhip ot Chrilt, embraced Idolatry, rtt.iininr); w'th
him Prif (1$ of the laid I.iols, wiio ail of them arc Worfhi;'-
ers of D"Vil' and are Sorcerers thenilelvcs.

Btyijiui his I'allures, about ten or fifteen Days Journey,
.i.'e the Pafhirts of M:,i!, who were a poor and beggarly
Nation, without (iovt-riior, and without L.iw, except thrjr
5vxjtlil.4yir,gs, aiu! diiir Uivuiations, vmto which drtelfabic
Stuiiics .all in th'-.lc I'arrs apply tluir Minds. Nrar unto
Meal were other pior People called Tartars, i he aforc-
faid King Ji^bn died without Ifliic Male, his Brother
Unc the.cby wasi;r.-,-uIy inn hcd, and took hiinltlf the Stilt
of Khan, and his C.ittlt: m\.\ Herds ranged to the Borders
of Mi J. Alxjut tlic fame time there was one Ztn^is a
1 arricr among the l'eo;.lc of Moat; tins Zingii ftolc as
many Cattle from tiie KhiM as he could poll'ibly, (b that the
.Micph'-rilsof Uni. lomplaincd unto their Lord \ upon which
he raifed an Army, and marched up into the Country of
Moal to feck for Zingis : But Zingts Hed amoniifl the Tar-
tan, and hid himlllt among them ; and Unc having taken
l'<me Spoils both from Xhal, and alio U(>m the Tartan,
ri turned home -, then Zingii aiidrcffed himfelf to the Tar-
tan, and to the People of Moal, •' Behold, Brethren, laitt
" he, Inrcaulc we are dcftitutc of a Governor and Captain,
" you fee how our Neighbour opprefVes us ■,'* on which the
:'iirtctrs and Moaii appointed him to be their Captain.

hii

Then h.wing laretiy g.ithfred tor^ctiicr m V.,.
he broke m luddenly ujion Vnc, ar.it overtjtrr h,. '
and Vi: fletl into Cathaya. At the fame Tin '
Daughter was takm, which Zingis married imio-^n,,,
his Sons, by whom ihe conceiveil and broimht f-mh v
Grral Khan, which now reignrth, culled Mm'n A'.'h
Then Zingis fent the Tartars Ulore him in ii i-,,,:
where he came \ and thereuiion w.is their N.imc wil.l '^.i
and Ipread abroad j for in nil Pl.ices the People ci 1 . 1
Tbt Tartars come, the Tartars come. Yet thrmich (i,ii'
tinual Wars, they arc now all of them in a manner rw"
liiined and brought to nought. Whereupon the Vm
etideavour what they can to extiiguid, the Nann- (if ,1^
Tartars, that they may exalt their own. 1 he CfH.nt'y
wherein they firil inhabited, and where the Court nf Z/i.
gis-Khan yet remaineth, is call«| M.mkerule. But bt-
taufc Tartaria is the Region out of which they li.ivf „|>.
tiined their conquef^s, they elfeem that the Srat cf their
Kingdom 4 and there alio, for the molf part, do they tlcJt
their Grtat Khan.

35. In reijicft to this Sartach, whether he believn in

Christ or no, I know not j this I am furcol, that lie

will not he called a Chrilfian : On the contrary, he i«mi

to me to deride and fcofF at Cliriif i.ins. fhs Countrv is m

the Way of the CbrijUans, viz. of the Kuj}im,\\K'n\-h.

chians, the Bulgtriams, the HolJaiani, the KmUs, ai;j

the Alans, who all of them pals by him as they arc I'oin •

to the Court ot his Father B.miu to carry Uitts [ i^\

therefore he is more in Friendlhip with thrm. It'th' \;.

ratens hower come .ind bring greater difts than thq, [iny

arc difjatched li)oner. He hath about him ccruin.Vc-

terian Prielh, who tell their Ik-ads and fmg their D.vi>

tions. There is ilfo another under Baaiu, called hm:,

who feeds his Cattle towards the Iron-gate or Dirhni,

where lieth the PalTage of all the Suraiens which come

out of Ptrfia and out of Turky, to go unto Baaiu, .wd

pafTing by they make liim Prelcnts , and he pro'cirtth

himfelf to Ik a Saracen, and will not ixrinit Swinrs Utih

to be eaten in his Dominions. At the Time of ourK:-

turn, Baatu commanded him to remove himfelf from tbt

Place, and to inhabit ujxan the Fall SiJc of '/ilga, k\ii

was not willing that the Saracens F.mlulTadors Ihou! J p\

by the faid Bcrta, becaufe he law it was not for his I'ror.r.

For the Space of four Days, while we rcmainnl :i il',:

Court of Sarfaeb, we had not any Vu'tuals allow -J l ,

except once a little Cofmos ; and in our Journey krwrn

him and his Father, we travelled in [;reat Fear; Ijrc::

tain Ruffians, Hmgarians, and ALvu, being Scrvans d

the Tartars of whom they have grest Mu!ti'tuii«aT! :

them, airemble themfelves twenty or thirtyinaConpri;

and iVcretly m the Night conveying tiunilclvrsfronilkr:,

they take Bows and Arrows with tliem, and wii'.kvrr

they find in the Nip;ht .Sealbii, they put him to Dfiih,

hiding themfelves in the llay-tim- ; .ir.l having tird iV;.-

I lories, th<^y go in the Night to a Company ct oiha

Horfrs feeding in fome Palhire, and change them forvw,

faking with them alfo one or two Horles berid?<, teat

shem when they (land in Nceil. Our Cliiiiie t.Vr^Hrc

was much afraid, left we Ihould have ir.ct with luchC.r.-

panions.

In this Journey we had perilled through Famine, hi
we not carried fome of our Hifcuit with us : At Irnrh k
came to the vaft River at Bi.'ia, or the ydgn, w-;|';i
four Times greater than the Riverot5c;«,.iml ofawoi.'"
ful I>pth, falling into that which of late they call thcWr-
canian-.Sca, according to the Name of a certain Coc:,:ry
in Per/ia, lying on the Shore therecl. I/idere callcih :t
however the Cmpian-Sea, for it hath the Cafpim-Un*''-
tains and the 'Land of Per/ia (mm ca the Scut.i
Side thereof, and the Mountains of Mojihtt ; «"'•
is to fay, of the People called 4';#*', towards W
l-'-alf, which Mountains arc joined unto i!ie Cafputn Mc- •
tains I but on the North " Side thenof, heth tin- Ijnis
Defart, wherein thvTattars now inhaliit ,i» which herfio-
fore there dwelt a Nation called ChargU ; am! on thJt-'-
it receives the F.tilia, winch River riles in Siiinrr.fMinit
like the River Nile in F.^yjt. On the Weft Partthwoi
it hath the Mountains of .Man, and I.ergi,^indD.'r.-^^<
or the Iron-gate, and the Mountains ot 6'«r^,'a. '^ ■

liM.

Chap. 11. of William d e R u b r u q u i s.

567

Sti therefore is fncompafled on three Skies, with
Mountains j but on the North Side hath n fine Hut Coun-
try. Fiiar Anircvoy in his Journey, travelled round about
two Sides thereof, namely the South and the Eaft Sides,
and I myfeif about the other two j that is to fay, the North
Side, in go'"K '^f"'" ^*'"* '*^ MaHj>H-KhaH, and in return-
ing likewife •, and on the Well Side, in coming home
from BaaiM into Syria. A Man may travel round about it
in lour Months i and it is not true which J/iiion reports,
that tins Sea is a Bay or Gulph coming out of the Ocean,
for in no I'art it communicates the Ocean, but is invironed
oil all Sides with the Land.

26. All the Regions intending from the Weft Shore
of this Sea, where /llfxandtr'i Iron-gate, otherwilc; called
t!utCityofi><>'^«", isfituate.and from the Mountains ///a«,
all along by the Fences of Maolis, unto which the River of
'Tanaii tails, and lb to the North Ocean was of old called
Mlmia, of which Country Ifidert rcporteth, that there
are in it Dogs of fuch huge Stature, and fo fierce, that they
arc .il k', in I'ight, to match Bulls, and to mailer Lions,
whitli is true, as I was adlircd by fevcral, who told me,
that towards the North Ocean they make their Dogs draw
in Carts like Oxen, on account of their Bignefs and
Strf rgtli, On that Part of Elilia where wc arrived, there
is a new Station built, wherein they have placed Tartars
and Ri'Jfians together to ferry over and tranfport Meffcn-
•;(Ts giMiij!; and coming to and from the Court of Bnatit,
tor Biiiiiu keeps his Court upon the farther Side towartls
the l'.all i neither afcendcth he in Summer-time more
northward than the Place where wc arrived, but was even
then defceniling to the South. From January to yiuguji,
hf, and all other Tartan afcend by the Banks of Rivers
towards cold and northerly Regions, and in Jugtijl they
btgin to return back again. ,

\Ve pafleil down the Stream therefore in a Bark froin
ihe alx)ve-mcntioned Station unto his Court, from the fame
Place unto a Villaj^e of Buly^aria the Grtater, (landing to-
v.ar.ls the North'-, it is five Days Journey. I wonder how the
Devil carried the Rcligior. cf Alohamnhd tliither ; tor, from
Dtrhii, which is upon tlic <;xtreme Burners o^i Perjia, it is
above thirty Days Journey to pal> over the Defart, and lb
alcend to the Bank of Etilia into the Country of Bulgaria,
m all wlikli Way there is no City, only certain Cottages
near unto that Place where Etilia falleth into the Sea.
Thcfc Bulgarians are more wicked Mohammedans than
any other Nations whatever. When I beheld the Court
of Baatu, I was alloniHied at the firft Sight thereof, for
liis Houli;s or Tents are as though they had been fome
mighty City llretching out a great Way in Length, the
People ranging up and down about it for the Space of
Tome three or four Leagues ; and even as the People of
Ifrad knew every Man on what Side the Tabernacle to
pitch his Tent, fo every one of them knoweth very well
toward which Side of the Court he ought to place his
Houlb when he takes it from off .he Cart. The Court is
called therefore in their Langiw;^- Horda, which fignifics
the Midll, becaule the Governor, or chief Captain among
them, dwells always in the Midfl of his People, except
Duly that diredly towanls the South no inferior Peribn
places liimftlf, bccaufe, towards that Region the Court-gates
;ire lit open -, but to the Right-hand and the Lcft-hantl
they place thcmli-lvcs as far as they will, according to the
Coiivtnii ncy of Places, fo that they ercd not their
Houl.s direi^tly oppolite againft the Court. At our Ar-
rival wc were conducted to a Mohammedan, who provided
no Vidtualj for us at all. The Day following, we were
brought to the Court, and Baatu caul'cd a large Tent to
Ik: erected, becaule his Fioufc or Tent could not contain
lu many Men and Women as were aiTenibled. Our Guide
admonilhed us not to fpeak till Baatu had given us Com-
mandment lo 10 lio, and that then wc fhould fpeak our
Minds briefly.

Then Baatu ilemanded whether your Majefty had
itnt Embaffadofs unto him or no ? I anfwered, that your
Majclty lud fent Mellt-ngers to Ken-Kban, and that you
would not have fent Meffcngers or letters to Sartacb, had
"at your Highnefs been pcrluaded that they were become
^hnllians, becaufc you knt not unto them out of any
''«r, but only for Congratulation and Courtefy-fakc, in

regard that you heard they were converted to Cliriftianity.
Then led he us unto his Pavilion , and we were charged
not to touch the Cords of the Tent, about which they arc
as fufpicious as about the Thrediold of the 1 loufc. 'Ihere
wc ftood in our Habits bare-footed, and bare-headeil, and
were a great arid llrange Speftaclc in their F.ycs. Indeed
Friar John Du Piano Carpini had been there before my
Coming j but bccaufe he was the Pope's I^inballador,
he changed his Habit, that he might 'not be contemned.
Then we were brought into the Mulft of the Tent, nei-
ther required they of us to do any Reverence, by bowing
our Knees as they ufed to do of other Mellengersj wc
ftood therefore before him for the Space wherein a Matj
might have rchearfed the Pfalm Mijtrere met Deus, and
thcic was a great Silence kept by all.

Baat;. himfelf fat upon a Seat long and broad, like a
Bed gilt all over, with three Stairs to afcend, and one
of his Ladies fat befide him. The Men there af-
fembled fat down fcattermg, fome on the Right-hand of
the faid Lady, and fome on the Left. Thefe Places on
the one Side, which the Women filled not up (for there
were only the Wives of Baatu) were fupplied by the Men.
Alfo at the very Entrance of the Tent Hood a Bench fur-
niihed with Cofiiios, and with (lately Cups of Silver and
Gold, richly fct with precious Stones. Bantu beheld us
earncllly, and we him, and he fccmctl to refemble in Per-
fonage Monficur John de Beaumont, whole Soul rellctli in
Peace } for like him, he had a frelh ruddy Countenance.

At length, he commanded us to fpeak. Then our
Guide gave us Direftion that we fliould bow our Knees
and fpeak ; on which I bowed one Knee, then he figni-
fied t.hat I Ihoukl kneel upon both my Knees ; I did fo,
being loth to contend about fuch Ciicumllances ; and
again he commanded me to fpeak. Then 1 thinking of a
Prayer unto GOD, becaufe I kneeled on both my Knees,
began to pray in thele Words ; " Sir, we bcfccc!i the
" Lord, from whom all good Things do ];roceed, and
" who hath given you thefe earthly Benefits, that it
*« would plcafe him hereafter to make you Partaker of .'lis
" heavenly Blclfings, bccaufe the former, without thefe,
" are but vain and unprofitable : And, indeed, further \k
" it known unto you of a certain, that you Ihall not ob-
•• tain the Joys of FIc.ivcn, unkTs you become a Chrif-
" tian ; for Goo faith, IVhofoevcr believeth and is bap-
" tizedy Jhall be faved -, but be that bdievctb not Jhall be
•• condemned."

At this he modeftly fmiled, but; the other Moals began
to clap their Flands and to deride us, and my lilly Inter-
preter, of whom efpecially I (hould have received Com-
fort in Time of Need, was himfelf abalhcd, and utterly
out of Countenance. Then after Silence made, I fuid to
him ; •' I came to your Son, becaufe we heard that ho
" was become a Chrillian, and I brought to him Letters
" on the Behalf of my Sovereign Lord the King of
" France, and your Son fent me hither unto you •, the
" Caufe of my coming therefore is beft known unto your-
" felf." Then he c.iufcd me to rife up, and he enquired
your Majelly's Name, my Name, and the Name of my
AlTociate and Interpreter, and caufed them all to be puc
down in Writing. He demanded alio (becaufe he had
been informed that you was departed out of your own
Countries with an Army) againft whom you waged War ?
I anfwered againft the Saracens, who had defiled the Houl'c
of GOD at Jerufalem. He alked alfo whether your
Fiighnel's had ever before that Time fent any Embaflador
unto him or no ? To you. Sir, faid I, never.

Then he caufed us to fit down, and gave us of his
Milk to drink, which they account to be a great Favour,
cffKcially when any Man is admitted to drink Cofmos with
him in his own Houfe •, and as I fat looking down on the
Ground, he commanded mc to life up my Countenance,
being defirous yet to take a more diligent View of us, or
clfe perhaps for a kind of fuperftitious Obfervation •, for
they efteem it a Sign of ill Luck, or a Prognoftication of
Evil unto them, when any Man fits in their Prefencc hold-
ing down his Flead as if he were fad, efpecially when he
leans his Check or Chin upon his Hand. Then we de-
parted, and immediately after came our Guide to us, and
conducting us to our Lodging, faid unto me •, " Your Ma-

4 " ftor

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/)8

7hi' r'OrJGKS and TR U'ELS

Book I.

Li:'i;!^...i

•

^^H

. J

i i-

" flcr the King, rrqucrtpih th.it you miy rrtnain in fliii
•' Kingtlorn, whith Kr>iu it fl.w.'a caniul (;rant, with-
" cut the KnowlrJp,? and ti-rli'nt of Man^uKhan \
" whciiforr you ami yur lnteq>rrt'T miift, of Nmirity,
•' ■•(> to Miiiigu-KI,''i\ Ivit, ivvcithilrfs ymir AniKJaf
" and 'liC "ihcr M.ip, iliali n-tiirn iinta thr Cotirt of Sar-
•• tiift, aiii It ay thcr-' fur you till ynu roim- back." I'hcn
bci^tM my Iiitcrprc'iT to l.iincnt, rtlrniin;^ hinifclf Init a
(i...d M.in •, my AlV.>f iate alfo jnoi \l\\ he wouKI fooncr
li'fc his I \cm\ than withdraw out ol my Comiuny : I my-
l«lt laid, th..t witif lit my AlliHiatc I rould not po, and
tl'at wc HivkI in Ncc\l <i two .Strvants at Iralt, (Kriufc
if one (V.oiild (har.cc to fall fitk wc would not be without
annthtr.

I'jjon thiv, rrturnirg unto the Court, he told this to
/>.M/«, and /?.».!.'« anfwtrcd, It the t«<) Prirfts and the
Irterpretir p) toiyth.-r. hut Irt the Clerk riturn to Snr-
l,ub ; ai\'; i-i)minj» a;; in unto uv h--" told us lu ; and wh( n
I W(.u!d hive )jV)V-!> I ir the Clerk to have had him with
lis h" faid, nonnre Word*, for R/titu is rcli>lved that To
it (hal! K-, at;d tiureforr I dare luu go to the Court any
more. G^fil, the Clerk, had th.- Remainder of the Alms-
Momy Ifrlfowrd u|x>n Iu.ti, twrnu-(ix )'pirpfr.i), and no
nicr , in wliereot he kej-t for himli'lf and tlv I -ad, and
fixtrcn !;e gave un'o the Ir.t'.Tj'reter for ih ; ,iiid thus were
wc jn-t;\i with IVirs, he returning unto the Court of
S.vtftJ'. MU^ ourl'ivts remaiiiii'!; Hiil in the lame I'lace.

27. 0.1 the I'.ve o» (he Fealt of jljiurrplion our Clerk
arrived at the Court of Siiri if rf.\ ami tiienext Hay after the
S'jhri.ii I'ri'-lh wen* adorned with cur Wllnunf, in tiic
I'rrlenoe of the fiid Sifmch. Then wc oiirlelves were con-
di;ft'd 'I'ito a:i()ih r Holl, who was a;^|niintal to provide
\\s Hmire-room, VicUials, n;iit Morles ; hut txraufe we had
not tiny tiling to k-ll.iw upon him, he ilid all.things \m-
towan.'ly tor us: 'I'lien wr kxU on lorwaid with Raatu, de-
fccmling along hy tlie Bank of Etilia, or ^Vjj.j, ior the
SiMre of five Weeks tog'ther. 5><imetimes my AiltMate
was ('> rxtreamly liunr.ry, that Iv won! \ tell me in a man-
ner wei-|>ing, that it l.ired with him as th-nigh Ir had nevt r
eaten ai y tliin;^ in all his Life l>etore. Th're is a Fair or
Mark-t following the Court of /).j.7/» .it all tinus ; hut it
w« f.) f.ir dillant from ir., tlwt wccoul 1 not have Kecoiufe
thereto, tor we were toidlrained to walk on l-'oot fi.r want
of lloil' '. At length i e rtain llun?nri(i»\, a lort of Cler^'y-
mtn, found us our, .nd one ot them could as yrt (ii g
inny S< iig'- wiljio!;'. Bj jk, and was a,io\iiitrd of <Jtli;r
UuH;iarui»s a* a I'm (t, and was lent for unto the 1-unerals
ol his diteafti Countrymen.

Thtie was another of them alio pretty well InHrufied in
his (Jrammnr, for he cnuM uniVritand tli<-M. aningof any
thing i!..;t we I'lioke, hot . ou'd nut aniv.rr us. 'V\v.
/iu»f,;i..>ns wde a great 1 {dp to us, giving us Cofmos to
drink, and tom<t;mes i-iefh to eat alio, who when th'V
requeued to h.ive lome B.-oks of us, and I had not anv to
i;ive them M.ir indeed w_- had none except a Bible, and a
Breviary) it grieved m;- excetdingly, and I faid to them
hrine^ me fonic Ink and Fa;s< r, and' I will write frjr you li)
long IS we nia:l remain here; aiii they did Ui, and I <r)pied
■r tiem die Hours ot the M; lied Virgin, and the

out

Oii I • ui rile Dead. One |).iy lluie w.is a CorrMiiian iliat
accompanied us, i!at lahited us laying Sakf Dominc, won-
dering thereat, and laluting htm' again, I dcmaiideti of
him wiio had taught him rh.it kind (A Salutation ? I le f.iid,
that Iv was bapri7.d in Ihinran by our I'riars, and that
ol them lie learneii it : He lai.f moreover, that H.wtu had
en()U:re.i many ihi-igs ot !:im ronrernin!', us, and that he
rold him r .r .State o; our Orck-r. Afterwards I law Ilintu
riding U!t!i his Company, and all his .Subiedts that were
Malbrs ot l-'amilies n .ing with him, and in tny blfimation
there were more than Hve Imedred Perloi.s in all.

At length, atKwt the Ivul ot //c.'v-ro?,/, there came a
certain rich jVAj/ unto us whole Father was a Miil.anaiy,
vshu ii IS a great (J;fio imoivr t!iem, and toki us, I am the
Man th.it triull f< r.diict you tu A}i»gu-Klhiii, and we have
tliiilirr a journey c,| luiii Months to ttav;!, and there is
J.KM exte.inc Cohl in tiiol..- I'.uis, that Stones and Trees
ijurll al;n;,itr : riuTcf.<re I with you would .idvife wiih
yoi r Jvt s whether you Ix- able to cmUirr it or no r I an-
iv.ird, l.v(.j :':, H.ip I hoiK.- wc Ihall be able to gothio'

that vhieh other Men ean endute. Tlieti he f^i,) jf
cannot endure it, I wiil ( .tuke ymi by th'- way anj J*'
Iwerrd. It Were not juil neahn, s lor you lo to'ito I,-""
g,<> not thither u[y.n any Bu(i:'< Isot oun wn, huthyrMil!!
ihar NV are lent thither by our l.ord •. vlu-rctntc fc *
are .ommittcl to your t harge, y.'U.mght mnowiff t,vf, '
lake us. Then he laid, .i!l fltall W well. Mr auH ' '
lliiw him oiir(;arm'-nf,, and whatliiever he iicfir,t,i tol
lels iieedtiil tor us, he bid us f-avc beiiinil in '\k\-,i\J
of our I loft. On the Morrow rh-y b\:.u«)n hum (J^l
us a furred ( Jown ma.le .ill ol K.ini', Skn',' with tlw \Vog|
Hill upon them, and Bietelus oi the Ume, IkK-t i r.rcoruip-
to their Falhion, .Slioe.s m.idcot Feir, and I Inods alii, ,11^!°
of .Skins alter their M.inner. 'I he |eco;ul l).iy mc, iii.\_
rood wc bigan to let forward on our journey, Ikivhi" ilm
Guiilrs to direct u«, and wc rode coniliuiaNy laitw°r!tiii
the I'cart of yfHS.VHh throughout ail that Ke;'!.;,!, jnj
Ix-yond alio, wire the I'cople (Minxifi Inhi!iitji,i,,'„ij(,
were delcended from the Kemanj. Ua the .North b'lJe of
us wc h.td Bulgaria the Gr/attr, and on tlK-SomluhcCj/-
pioH Sea.

28. When wc had travelled twelve Days Joiimi'v fiom
Ftilia we ItHiiul a mighty River called 7«jfflr, whicli R.vcr
ilTuing out ot the North from the Land ot Pajiatir, uro! ths
Hun^r.riMit whith is all one, and they are all of tlitm Shrp-
henls, not having any Cities i and their C ountry hor>!crttli
upon R-.il^ariii tht Hre.itn on the Well Frontier ; Irom the
Noith-I'all l'.irt ot the Country there is no City at all
Out of the laid Region of P/ifcatir priKcedeil tlic Hum
of ol.!, wh.i afterwards were railed Uun^iirnini. Next unto
it i» Iiitli;tiri,tlbf Grt.iltr. Ijllorf repoitcth concerninj! the
I'cojile of this N'atun, that withlwilt Horllrsthey travcrl'cd
the mprennabh.' Walls and Bounds ot Altxandtr, which
togetlier With the Ro^ks ol Qiuotfu.i, I'erve to rclham t.holf
bari-arous and liloovl-thiilly People tioni iiiv.u'.ing tho Re-
gions of the South, inlomueh .is they h.id rribiite pjij
unto them as tar as I'.Jiypi, and that tli -y wafted all C,;, .
tries, even unto trance. If lb they \v,re more mighty
than the ']'i:rian as yet arc •, aiul unto tlura the BLumiu
and t!ic Biil^nnans, and the I innldls, joined thcniklvci;
for out of ih't^ana the (Ji"a,\r c.inie ihofc Eui^^riM,
.\s for them who inhabited beyond DiKubius, near imM
Ccrjiantinopk, ae.d not I ir trom Pr.fcu.r, are called /.;;,
which (fivmg the I'ninuiiciatioiij v. .ill one with blad, i.ir
the i.T/tiii rannot pronounce the l.':iur II : From w;;e:n
alio lielLend the People wlueli inh.ihit the 1 Jiulut H.n'.:ii,
for they are called J.'.u both tliefc and the otli.r: :.i tii:
l.angua:;>' of the Kijfians, tiie p6:.n:.vij, ar.d Ux &i-
bemiuns.

The StlnveniiiHS fjxjkc one Language with the ('jidit,
le all whi- !i coafedciat -d with the llunnr., an.! now, krlh:
molt part, they unite themreives to the f/irt/iri, v>h.m
(lOD liath raiVed up tioin t!ie urniotl I'arf, of the hr.h,
.ucordingto that which the Lord laiili 1 / uiil (rrMt I'tm
to l.nzy h a People ■J.bub is no People, and h afKhjkh-
t:oii 'jcill I an)^er them Fliis I'rophe^ y is tuiliikJ, iiccorc-
ii'g to the literal .Stnle thereof, uj«jii .ill Nations, wh.ih
oblerve not the l^w ot (iOD. All this which 1 hiv:
till- I ..md (-f P.I .Mir, was tuU iK'

written comcrning tiie
by certain Friars, who travelled liuther betcre fy" '"j
'Tartars caine -, and, from that J iiiie, tluy were lu.x;::;a
unto tlieir Neighlxnirs the Bii,[^iiri.vu, being .virJ.:i:'i
for which Kealoii many of tliem proved Sarjuni i'.J.

Other Matters concerning theli- I'eople may Iw kr.own
out of Hillory i tor it is "maiurell, thit tlioli: l'r'Jv:.-.>:-.
beyond Cenjhuilinop/e, whidi arc row call, .1 £(«.,;■■'■•''

■di

I'lovincfj Ivw".;;"''

yalaihin, ami ScLrjonut, wi i\
to the Greek! ; allii Hungary was heret.dore c.illed /'.iwiJ.
and we were rid.ing over the I -.ndof Cba>-'Je tromthi' ft- ;
of IhlyrsoJ, until t!u' Fcall ol /l.lSaints, tr.ivtllnS-i ''-^^
every Day, according to my Account, as i.ir as it is '■•■•'■ ■
Par-.i to Oile.in:, and loiuetinics tarthe,', accordi:';; ai '■
were provided with I'olf-I loilei ; tor Ionic P.iy> v^.^.i-
Change of Hoiles twice or tli.icc m a i>ay, '''"■"^^■j"''^ ? '
Were two or three D.i>i together, not 'i'\-'""". ^'''V '"'';.,'
and tlien wc we.-c coiillraint'd not to ride III iilb f-'' '*•'''
01 thirty H.jtl.s we had alw.iys the worll, Iwaulc »'■■ * .•
Strangris, lor every one took iheii Choice rd tiielKit Hon >
beiore lib. Fhey pr jvukJ uic alw.iys a lUo:'; i y'- '^-"'j

Chap II.

0/ William de Rubruquis.

5^9

1 Wis corpulent and heavy \ but whether he went a gentle
I'ace or no I durll not make any Qucftion, neither iTurll I
complain, although he trotteil very hard » for every Man
mull here be contented with \m 1 -ot at it lalU. We wire
ut'tcn excceiiingly troubled, bccaufc our Horfes tired belore
w, roiilil come at any People, and then wc wercconftrained
to whip our ' lorfej, ancl to Ity our Garments on other
Ilorfts, and fometimes two of us to ride ujKjn.onc I lorfe.

jn, Of Hunger and Thirft, CoM and Wearincfs, there
waJ no Knd, for they gave us no Flelh-meat, but in the
t.vining. Ill the Morning they ufed to give us a little Drink,
or fome boiled Millet i in the Evening they bcftowed l-'lelh
upon us as a Shoulder and Breaft ot Rani's Mutton, and
jviry Man a Qi^iantity of Broth to drink. When wc had
fiilficicnt of the Hcfh Broth we were well rcfrclhcd, and it
ll'cmdl to me moft plcafant, and moft nourilliing Drink.
Every Saturday I remained farting until Night, without
citing or drinking, and when Night came I wasconftraincd,
to my great Grief and Sorrow, to eat Flelh : Soinctimes
wc were compelled to eat FIcih half foddcn, or almoft raw,
for want cl Fuel to boil it, efpecially when we l.iy in the
I'ields, or were benighted Iwfore wc came to our Journey's
Fnd, bccaufe we then could not conveniently gather toge-
ther the Dung of Horfes and Oxen, for other Fuel we
found but feldom, except, perhaps, a few Thorns in fome
Places, Upn the BanKs of fome Rivers there are Woods
growing here and there, but they are very rare : In the
Beginning our Guide highly difdaincd us, and it was tedi-
ous unto him to conduct fuch bafe Fellows. Afterwards,
when he began to know us fomewhat letter, he directed us
on our Way by the Courts of rich Moals, and wc were re-
queued to pray for them : Wherefore had I carried a good
Interpreter with me, I (hould have had Opportunities to
have done much good.

The beforementioned Z/nj /'/, who was the firft great Khan
or Emperor of the Tartars, had four Sons, of whom proceeded
by natural Dclccnt many Children, every one of which doth
at this Day enjoy great Poflenions, and they arc daily mul-
tiplied and difprfed over that huge and vaft Defart, which
is in Diinenfions like the Ocean. Our Guide therefore di-
rc^id us, as wc were going on our Journey, to many of
thfir Habitations, and they marvelled exceedingly, that
we would not receive cither Gold or Silver, or precious and
coftly Garments at their Hands. They enquired alfb con-
cfrning the Great Pope, whether he was of fo lading an
Age as they had heard \ for there had gone a Report among
thcm,tlut he was five hundred Years olil. They enquired alfo
after our C(juntries, whether tliere was abundance of Sheep,
Oxc:i, and Horfes, or no? Concerning tlie Ocean they could
not conceive of it, bcciufe it was without Limits or Banks.
Upon the l'',ve of the Feaft of ./// faints we altered our
Courll', which hitherto pointed Ealt, bccaufc the People
were now d Iccnded very much South, and wc went on our
Journey by certain Mountains direftly Southward for the
Space of rij,'ht Days together. In the Defart I faw many
AlTis, which they call Colan, being rather Mules j thcfc
did our Guides and his Companions chafe very eagerly,
though thty did but lofe their Labour, for the Bealls were
too Iwift for them.

Upon the fcventh Day there appeared to the South of us
very high Mountains, and we entered into a Place, which
w.is well watmd, and frelli as a Garden, and found I«»nd
tilled aiul inainired. The eighth Day after the Fealt of M
Saints we arrived at a 'I'own of the Saracens named Keiid>at,
thi' Governor whereof met our Guide at the Town's End,
With Ale and Cups •, for it is their Luitom .it alt Towns
ar.d Villages fiibjeft to them to meet the Modengers of
Baalii, and Mangu-Khan, with Meat and Drink ; at this
lime of che Year they went upon the Ice in that Country,
and before the Feail of S.iint Michael they h.id Froft in the
1^'firt. I enquired the Name of this Province, but being
f^'iw ill a llrange 'I'eriitory, they could not tell me the
^ inie thereof, bu: only the Name of a liiiall City in the
fmie I'rovince ■, ami that there defccnded a great River
fii'wn from the Mountains, which watered the whole Re-
Rinn, according as the Inhaliitants would give it PalKige,
l"v making divers Chanels and Sluices, neitiicr did the River
'iiiih.ir7,i; itfelf into any Sea, but was Iwallowed up by a
tiulph into tlie Bowels of the Earth, and it caufcd many

Numb. 39.

Fens or l.aVcs : Alfo I ftw many Vines, and drank of th^
Wine m.ide from them.

30. The D.ty tolluwing we came unto anotlier Cottage
near the Mountains, and I eiuiuireil what Mountains they
were, which I uiiderllood to be the Mouiuaini ot Cauc.ij'us,
which are Itretched li.rih and lontiiuied im both Sides to
the Sea from the Wilt unto the Kail i and on the Weft
thev are borileriiig to the Cafpiun .Sea, into which the River
yolga ilifthargcs its St 1 earns. I enquired alio of the City
ol '■Talas, wherein Wdc cirtain (Jirmam, Servants untu
one Buri, of whom I'riar /Indrew makes mention, concern-
ing whom alio I enquired very diligently in the Courts of
Sartach and Bantu. I c(juld get no Int.-lli^encc ol them,
but only that their I..ords anil Mailer Han was put to iX-ath
upon the Occafion iollowing. This Hun was not llttied in
good ami fertile Failures •, and upofi a certain Day being
drunk, he Ipokc thus to his Men, /!m not 1 of the Sleek
and Kindred of Zingis Khan as well as Baatu ? (fur indeed
he was very nearly relateil to BJiUu) Why ihin do i not
fafs and repnfs upon the Bank of luilia, to feed my Cattle
there as freely as Baatu himfelf doth f which Speech of his
was reported unto Biiatu \ whereupon Baatu wrote to his
Servants to bring their Lord bound unto him, and they
did fo.

Then Baatu demanded of him whether he had fpoketi
any fuch Words ? and he confelVed that he had. But be-
caufe it is the Manner of the Tartars to parilon drunken
Men, he excufeil himlllf by faying, that he was drunk at tht
Time. 1 low liurlt you, laid Baatu, once name me in thy
Drunkennels ? and having faid this, he caufcd his f lead tu
be chopped olf.

Concerning the aforefaid Germans, I couKl not Icarn any
thing till I was come to the Court of Mangu-Khan, and
there I was informed that Alangu-Khan had removed them
out of the Jurifdiftioii of Baatu for the Space of a Month's
Journey from Tolas Eaftwaril to a certain Village called
Bolac, where they are fet to dig Gold, and to make Ar-
mour, fo that I could neither go nor come by them. I
pafled very near the faid City in going, that is, within
three D.iys Journey ; but 1 was ignorant that I did fo,
neither could 1 have turned out of my way, if I had known
fo much. From the aforefaid Cottage, we went diredtly
Eaftward by the Mountains, and fiom that time we travel-
led among tlie People of Manpi-Khan, who in all Places
fang and danced before our Guide, becaufe he w.is the
Meifcngcr of Ba^itu \ for this Courtefy they do to each
other, namely, the People of Mangu-Khan receiving the
Meffengcrs of Baatu, and fo likewill- the People of Baatii
entertaining the Pcofjle of Alangu-Khan, noiwithllanding
the People of BatUu are more furly, and fliew not lb much
Courtefy to the Subjeiits of AlanguKhan, as in their Turn
they do to them.

A few Days after wc entered upon thofe Mountains,
where the Qira-Cathayans were wont to inhabit, and there
we found a mighty River, infomuch that we were con-
ftraineel to embark ourfelves, and to fail over it. After-
wards we came into a Valley, where I faw a Caftie de-
ftroycd, the Walls whereof were only of Mud, and in that
Place the Ground w;is tilled alfo ; ami there we found a cer-
tain Village named Equius, wherein were Mohammedans
fpeaking the Pei:fian Language ; but they dwelt a great
way off Pei;/ia. The Day following, having pafled over
the great Mountains Southward, we entered into a moft
beautiful Plain, having high Mountains on our right Hand,
and on the left Hand of us a certain Sea or Lake, fifteen
Days Journey in Circuit. All the Plain is moft commodi-
oiilly watereil by Trenches diftilling from the faid Moun-
tains ; all which fall into the Lake in Summer Time. We
risturned by the North Side of the Lake, and there were
great Mountains on that Side alfo. Upon this Plain there
ufed to be formerly many Villages •, but for the moft Part
they were all wafted in regard of the fertile Paftures, that the
Tartars might feed their Cattle there.

We founel one great City there named Cailac, which was
a Market, and great Numbers of Merchants frequented it.
In this City we remained fifteen Days, ftaying for a cer-
tain Scribe or Secretary of Baatu, who ought to have ac-
companied our Guide for the difpatching of certain Affair^
in the Court of AIan£U. All this Country was wont to be

7 F <alkd

' i ;r

■AH

: ii

i.irl

■ rl

,;. : ' k'-

7be rorJGES and TR^rELS Roo|^|

Cjllr«l Orx«»«w, ind tl.r People thereof hul thrir jm.jxf
ljiigu.i^r, jnd ih(ir i>auliAr kind ot wtitint;: Uitt u *a»
now inlwlMtal liy rhr l»riipl<« f«llcil ConlmMin. The ^V^^/rf
riMi likcwile in tliolc I'jrti vile tU- vrry l4nic kin^l ol I m-
giMge 4ikI Writing \ \\\>\ Mt ullcil O'jt.iM, Ucaulc iluy
wrrr woiit to Ik- niull (kiltui in I'Uyum iuhjii C)it;.in'.. ai
*ii rrixirtiil unto inc. I Irrc ilul I lirll fee Wut ilii pen
ol Itlow, C(MHiiiiii>n whnin, let me i lilirvi: to your i»U-
jrrty, ihut there be many SecU ol th« m ii> thcle VA\rm
Countries.

31. The firft furt of thcfr Molattts arc calKil Ju^Hrts,
whole Cinintiy lx>riler% upon the I jiiil ol Uriitnitm, within
ihe faui MouMCiiin IsaHwanl, ami in all their titK% S<Jio-
rtani inlial'it, ami tliry are ililjierRi! hkrwiic towar.ii PtrJU
in the Cities of the Saractns. The C iti/enj of the afunl-uJ
City diC^ihu hail tlirri Idol Tciiiplfs, and I entered into
two of thrill, and irhcid their loolilli SupiTUiiion*. In
the firll I loiiml a Man, having a Lnili paituid with Ink
upon hiJ Hand \ whtriujion I liipjiolcd liiin to Ix- a Cliri-
ftun, for he anlwercd like a C hrirtun unto all (^ellions
which I di-in«nded ol him \ aiul i alkid hiin, Why tliere-
fore have you not the Cmli with the Image ol Juui
C'hriit tfiereuj>on ? and he aiilwercd, we have no fuch
Cultom.

I thereupon ronje^urcd, that they were indeed Chri-
flian), (nit tiiat for lark of Inllrii'tiun they oinittctl the
aforcfaid Ceremony , lor I faw tlu re Uhiiul aieitain Cluft,
which wx^ unto them inftead of an Altar, whrrron they
fat Candlts and Oblations, an Iiii.igi- luvm^ Wings like
unto the Image of St Miibatl, and other Images alio, hoK!-
ing their Fingers as it they woulil bUlt loiiic boily. That
Evening I rnuld not find any tliinj] die, lor the Saractns
only invite Men thither, but will not have them i'^Krak of
their Religion, and then, fore when I enquired ol the Sarm-
tens copftMiing fuch Ceremonie^, they were offended
ihfrfM.

On the next Day after was the Ni w Moon, and the
Saraaiis l-eall of I'aflover, and chani;ing my Inn or I -oilg-
iiig the fame Iliy, I took my Alnxle near another Mol
Tf mole ■, for the Citi/ens of the faid City of Cailuc cour-
tcoully invite, and lovingly entertain, all MelTcngers, every
Man ot tlum aaording to his Ability and Station ( and
fntering into the Temple, I loiind the I'liifts of the faid
Idols there, for always at the New Minms they fct oj^en their
'J"emple<., and t!u- I'ricfts a.lon thrmftlve^, and offer up
the IVoplfs Oblations of Bread and Fruits. Firft, there-
fore, I will (Jefinlx* to you tlioll- Rites and Ceremonies
which are common unto all thnr lilol Temples, and tlicn
the Sui>erftitiuns of the aforcfaul 'J:j:r:s, whirli are, as it
were, a &ft diHinguiflied from ti,' itlh '1 h-y all of
them wortV.ip towards the North, i lapping thnr Hands
together, and pr'ollratiiig tlrmfi lv( s <,n their Knees on the'
F^irth, holding alfo their lorehca/s in their HaiuK : Where-
U'l^on the SiJloriaKs m tliofc I'arts will in no (. :^- join their
Har.ils together in the Time (>l IVayrr, but they pray,
difj laying their HaixU before tlinr Breads.

They extend their Temples in l.en}^tli Fart and Weft,
and on the Noith Side they jmild a Chamkr in the Man-
ner (it a Vcrtry, for themlcives to go into, or fomctimesit
is otherwifc. If it Ik: a Four fqiure 'IVmple, in the niidft
cl the reinpl'- towards the North Side thereof, they take
in one Chamlx-r in that I'lacc wlicrc the Choir ftiould
ft.ind, and in the fiid Chaml)er thiy place aChcft long and
broad like a TaMc, and tiehind the laid Cheft towards the
South, ftands their principal Idol, whith I law atCaraca-
rum, and it was as big as the Idol (,t Sai.t Cbriftofbtr \ alfo
a c.Ttain Nfjicrian I'rieft, which lia.l been in Catlay, faiil,
that in that Country there is an Idol of luch Bignefs, that
it may be fcen two Days Journey Ix Ion- a Man came at it \
and fo th.-y place other Idols round aUjut the principal
Idol, being all of ilieni finely gilt ovir with pure Gold,
and upon the Clu ft, which is in a manner a Table, they
let Cai.dles and Oblations, 'i he Doors of their Temple
are always ojien towards the South, contrary to the Cuftoai
of Saraans : They have alii) great Bells like us, and that
is the Cuifc, as 1 think, why the Chriftians of the F.aft will
in no cali- nfc great Bcfls, notwitlillanding they arc com-
mon arr.(,ng the- Riijf:nni and Urtiians of Gafaria.

j2. All their PjieJU had ihcir licadi and Beards fliavcn
I

quite over, and they are cla*! in fifrron-culrtgrfi! G^^
meiits , anil being once Ihaven, thry I, i.| ^n minwiTj
Lite trom that I mu- lorward, and tiny |,vi. ^^ 1^,1^ ^'1
or two hun Ired o| ihi ni together m on, Cloifta, V' ^
iheli- Days, when tin y enter into tli.ir Tcmiilfi, ^^.
place two long r.,riii» tlierein, and lo litiing uiiuuht y
iorm», like .Smj^inn-mcn in a Choir, one half of t|,rni
directly ovcr-aRaiMll the ntlier, tiny luve certjin Bu^.l
in their I land, winch fonKtimis tiny i.iy i|uv»n by the
upon the Forms, and their I leads are hare lo luna 4, ti,|!I
remain in the Temple, aid there ih. y read fuli.y (oihtn,;
felvrs, ntit uttering any Vokc at all. On my coming i^
•living tlie.n at the Time of tluir liiiHilhtK-iii Uvutwm,
and fimling them all fitting iiuite in a nuntiir, I ittrmuij
feveral Ways to jTovoke tlum unto S|Keth,aiid yttcaJJ
not by any Means iH)llil>ly. They have w,t|, ihcmilin
whithetloever they go, a certain String SMth an hunJrnJ
or two hundred Nut- rticlls thereupon, much like to our
Beads which we carry aUmt with us \ a.id they i!o il»j.,
utter thclir Woixls, Ou mam b.i:ia;i ; C,:d, ths* kam^^ti
one of them expounded it unto nie. .\(iil |y uttcn'iio
theyr exiicft a Reward at Gwi's | lan.ls as tlicy jjrwiounu:
theic Words in Remembrance ol (iod.

Round about their Temple they alwjys mike a fji(
Court like a Chuich-yard, which thry environ witlngjgj
W.ill I am! ujxin the South I'art thereof, tlicy builj»
great Portico, wherein they fit and confer tigtthw; And
ujion the ro|) of the liud Poitno, they pitih along Pule
upright, exalting it if they can, alwvc all the Buildinip ui
tlie Town I and by \hc View of the lain: Pole, I'euilcnu*
know that there ftands a Temple oi the UloU. ThcIc
Rites and Ceremonies arccciii'iion to all IJulatcrj in t!iu!«
Parts. Once 1 made a Viiit to tliit Klul-tniii^lf, r.i
found ( ertain Prielts litiing 111 the outward I'uriicu, and
thofc wliich I faw feemed, by their Ihaven Btirdi, asii
they had been our Countrymen. They wore crnain Orna-
ments u|>on their Heads like Mitres, nude of I'i[ier. The
Piiifts of the 7«^i«r« above-mentioned, ule tlwk Orna-
ments whcre-cvcr they go. 'They go always in their fiirwn-
coloured Jackcts.which arc very lliaiglit UeJ orbuttunej,
from the Bofom downwards, alter the /'vvufrFalhioniind
they have aCIoak ti{xin their Lett niouMerdtlcrniliiig un-
der thrir Right-arm, like a Peaun carrying the Collec-
tor's Box in time of Ltnl. 'Tiinr lattcis or Writings, the
Tartars life as well as they. 'They begin to writs at ti*
Top of their Paper, drawing their lanes riyht iluwn.jnJ
fo they read and multiply their Lines truin the Lctt-hami
to the Right. They ufc certain little Papers and uncouth
Charaflers in their magical Piac'Lctj, and their Tcmiib
arc full of fuch Ihort S< rolls hinging round a'.Hjuttbi

ManguKhun hatli lirnt l.,ett(rs 1:1. to your Mjjdiy,«rit-
ten in the Language of the Mo.ilt or -LiyNri \ butinihe
Charaders tlule Jug^urn, they bum tlie Dea.t, aavrding
to the ancient C'uftom, .-uid lay up their Alhes on the Top
of a Pyramid. Alter I had fit a wlnlr with thtk Prirfti,
and entered into their Temple, and lem manyuftte
Images Ixjth great and fmall, I ileiiiaiuled ot them, Witt
tin klitvfd lenurmn^ GsJ ? Thty ai.lwercJ, li'thkni
ibul ihtrt is mly one God \ W lutlitr ,lu you believe I'ut
he is a Sjiirit or Ibme lioilily Subdancc ? I'liey laiJ,/^'*''
lieve that be is a Spirit. 'I'heii !aul I, I'o y^u believe that
(i<xl ever took Man's Nature upon him ? M'ty a:'l*ned,
No. Again, I laid, fince you believe ilut he isaSpim,
to what end do you m.ikc lii many bmlily Images to ^
prefent him, fince alio you kluve tlut he was not ma*
Man ? Why do you rather reprefeiit liim by thcimas^ol
a Man thanof.iiiy other C reature ? Then they aniwcied,
IVe frame net ik/e Images to repr<f,n: Go J; kt u.ii-* "J
rub Man amonrfl us, or bis Son, cr his lyift, <"■ "? 'I"f
Friends ditth, he caiif'lh tbe Image of the dead F(rji» "*
made, and to be placed here, and-xt, m RemfmkmiJ
him, do Reverence tbcreunto. I replied then. Do you Wt«
Things only for Friendlliip and out of I lattery toMcnr
No, Ikid they, tut out of regard to tkir M"'""'',"-;'

Then they denunded of me, in Scorn W'l U"";
where is God? 'To whom 1 anfwered, W here is y*'
Soul ? They faid in our Bodies : 'Then laid I, Y^"l[
every Part of our Ikxiy, ruling and i;uuim.« the «n;^
BcKly, and yet, notwitlillanding, it is nut I'^'^'j^^ '

' .*;„ ,;

^14^

M-

tM^

'-A'fc;

"«-

':ii

i;'-- ' . •■If

i "•

Chap. 11.

of William de Rubruquis.

I. vcn lb (lod is every where, and rules all Things, and yet
III- II invilil>l»'» being Underftanding and Wil'dom itfclf.
I was very ii<tirous to have liud fome farther Conference
witli ilitin* ''"' °" account that nrjy Interpreter was weary
anil not able to cxprefs my Meaning, I was conftrained to
kail Silcnro. The A/m/j, or Tartan, are in this regard of
tlu ir Sa'l, tliat it to fay, they believe there is but one God,
yet tlicy make Images of Felt, in rcmembmnce of their
tirccafcd Frii-nds, covering them with five moll rich and
ct)llly(iarini.tts, and putting them into one or two Carts,
which Carts no Man dare touch \ and thefe are in the Cu-
ftwiy ot their vSoothfaycrt, who are their Priefts, conccrn-
iitg whom I will give your Highncfs an Account more at
larne hcrratter.

rhcle S«)othfayen, or Dhrinets, always attend upon the
Court of Afd)»if«, «nd of other great Perfonages \ as for
the jxiorrr, or meaner Sort, they have them not, except
iiichonly as arc of the Kindred of Zm^'j •, and when they
arc to remove, or take any Journey, the raid Diviners go
brt'ore tJKm, as the cloudy Pillar went before the Children
of //rii//i »nd they a(>point Ground where the Tents muft
be pitiiietl \ and, firft of all, they take down their own
Huuirs, and alter them the whole Court does the like.
Alio on their fcftival Days, or new Moons, they take out
thrlif Imiigw, and place them in order circle-wife within
the \ loul'f \ then come the MoaU or Tartars into the fime
Hoiilc, bowinji; themfelves before the Images, and worfhip
thim. It is not lawful for any Stranger to enter the
llouli. And, on a certain Time, I myfelf would have
gonr in, biit was very ru<lely turned out, and obliged to re-
move, fo tli.it I never after attemptctl to pry any further
iiitothis matter.

I \, But it is my Opinion, that thefe Jt^urts who live
anioim the Chriftians and Strattni, by frequent Difputesf
with them, Imvc lieen brought to believe that there is but
cue Uod \ .»nti they dwell in certain Cities, which were
Irwight into SutijcCkion to Zingis-KbaH, and he gave his
Daiightri in Marriage unto their King : Alfo the City of
Ciirntiirim itlHt, is in a manner within their Territories •,
and the whole Country of King, or Preihyter JoliH, and
til his Brother t/w, lieth near to their Dominions, except
lint they inhabit in certain Paflures Northward, and the
fiiil 'Ji\^yres lictwcen the Mountains towards the South.

1 he Moflh received their l,ettcrs or Charafters from
tluiii I and tlu'y arc the Tiirtart piiiicipal Scribes, and all
liie NfJhriaiiS alinoll can read their Letters. Next unto
thcin, lictwren the aforcfaid Mountains Eaflwanls, inha-
bitftli the Nation TangHt, who are moil valiant Feople,and
look ZiHgis in Battle i but after the Concluiion of a Peace
he WIS let at Liberty by them, and afterwards fubdued
thcni Tlurr People ol'Tangut have Oxen of great S:rcngtli,
with Tails like Horles, and with long, fliarp Hair upon
list Baiks and Udlirs. Their L.egs are l.irger than thofe
(It (Hhrr Oxrn, and they are ex( tedinf; fierce •, thefe Oxen
draw tlie IIoulVs of the M^ah , an! their Horns arc
llcMiU, long, Hi(ii;lit, and very fharp-pointcd, infomuch
that the ()wi\ei'«> arc obliged tt) cut ott the Enils of them.
A Cow will not lulVc r "herlrlf to be coupled to one of
thrni, unlelk they whittle or ling unto her. They have
alio the (jjialities of a Buflalo, for if they fee a Pcrfon
rkathcd in Red, they run upon him iniinediatcly to kill
him.

Next to 0\\s Nation are the People of Tikt •, Men,
*\w hail formerly a Cuftoiti to eat the Bodies of their de-
ffjlol I'an-nts that they might make no other Sepulchre
lor thrni than rlirir own fkiwels. But of late they have
Ritoll this Cullom, liecaufc thereby they became odious
"1 all other Nations j notwitliUanding which, at this Day,
thvy make fine Cups of the Skulls of their Parents, to this
ff>^, that whin th( y drink out of them, they m.iy, in the
Midll til all their Jollities and Delights, call their dead
I'lrrnis to Kemembiance : This was told me liy one that
••'* It. I'he Ciiil Peoj)le of Tii>et have vaft Plenty of
'"'M in till ir 1 .;itul V whodiever therefore wants<Gold digs
'III I'l- hatli lounii Ibme, and then taking fo much thereof
«s will K ivc lii, Turn, he lays up the Remainder in the
..mil, iH-caule, it he Ihould put it into his Cheil, orStorc-
'"'ii''. he h o\ Opiiuon that God would with-hold from
'""; •»!! other Gold,

S7^

I faw Tome of thefe People, being very deformed Crea-
tures. In Taugut 1 faw hilly, tall Men, but brown and
fwarthy in Colour. The Juj^urtt arc of a middle Stature,
like Frenchmin. The Language of the Jugures, is the
Original and Root of the 'lurkifli and Cematiian Lan-
guages. Next to Tibet are the People of Langa and So-
Unga, whofc EmbalVadori I faw in the Tartars Court ;
and they brought ten great Carts with them, every one of
which was drawn by fix Oxen. They are little brown
Men, like Spaniards. Tliefe People wear Jackets, like the
upper Vcftment of a Demon, favmg that the Sleeves are
fomewhat ftreightcr, and they have Mitres upon their
Heads like Bifhops \ but the Fore-patt of their Mitre is,
not fo hollow within us the hinder Part, neither is it (harp-
pointetl, nor cornered at the Ton \ but there hang down
certain fquare Laps, compaftcci of a kind of Straw,
which is made rough through extreme Heat, and is f»
trimmed, that it glittcreth in .■• • Sun-beams like a Glafs,
or an Helmet wcirburnifhcd. On their Brows they have
long Bands of the fameManufufture fallened to theirMitres*',
which hover in the Wind as if two long Horns grev* out
of their Heads j and when the Wind toflcs them up and
down too much, they tic them over the mitlft of their
Mitre, from one Temple to another, and lb they lie a-crofa
their Heads. Their principal Embaffador to the Tarlar*i
Court, had a Table of Flcphants Teeth about him, of a
Cubit in Length, and a Handful in Breadth, very fmooth*
and whcnfocver he Ijpokc to the Emperor himfelf, or t<»
any other great Perlonage, he always looked on that Ta-
ble as if he had found therein thofc Things which he fpakc \
neither did he call his F.ycs to the Right hand or to thq
Left of thofe with whom lie talked.

Beyond them, as I was certainly informed, there ateo.
ther People calteil Muc, having Villages, but no one Man
of them appropriates any Cattle to himiclf, notwithftand-
ing there arc many Flocks and Droves of Cattle in their
Country, anil nobody appointed to keep them j but when
any of them want a Ikall, he goes uu uiran a Hill, and
there makes a Shout, and all the Cattle which are within
hearing of the Noife, come flocking about him, and fuffer
themfelves to be taken as if tlicy were tame. And when
any MelTenger, or Strunger, tomcth into their Country*
they Ihut him up in an Iloulc, allowing him Things ne-
ceflhry, till his Bufinefs be dilpatchcd \ for if any Stranger
fhould travel through that Country, the Cattle would fly
away at the very Scent of him, and fo become wild. Be-
yond Muc is the grand Calhaya, the Inhabitants of which,
as I fuppofe, were of old called Stres, for from them arc
brought moll exiellciit Stulfs and Silk j and this People are
called Seres of a certain Town in the fame Country. I was
credibly informed, that in the laid Country, there is a
Town having Walls of Silver, and Bulwarks of Gold.
There arc many Piovinct s in that l«uid, the greater Pars
of which are not as yet fubihied by the Tartars, and the
Sea lieth between them uiid India, Thefe Cathayans ar«
Men of little Stature, fpeaking much through the Nofc.

This is a general Remark, that all the People of the
Eaft have fniall Eyes. They arc excellent Workmen irj
every Art, and thiir Phylicians are well ll<ill*d in tlie Vir*
tue of Herbs, and judge very exaftly of the Pulfe, but
know not any thing concerning Urine. Some of them I
faw, for then- arc many ut Qiratartim, and they always
bring up their Children in the lame Trade of their Father,
and therefore they pay fo much Tribute t for they give the
Moali, or Mjguli, every Day, one thoufand live hundrc 1
CalTino's, or Jafcots (Jafcot is a Piece of Silver weighing;
ten Marks) that is to fay, every Day, lifty thoufand
Marks, befides Silks, and a certain Quantity of \'ii.'fuiils»
and other Services which they do them. All thefe Nati"
ons are between the Mountains of Cautafus ; on the North
Side of thofe Mountains to the F«ift Sw, on the South
Part of Seytlia, which the Shepherds of Moal inhabit, all
are Tributary unto them, and all given to Idolatry, and
rejwrt many Fables of a Multitude of CkkIs, and certairJ
deified Men, and make a Pedigree of tlic Gods^ as our
Poets do.

The Nejlorians are intcrmlx'd witli them .is Strangers,
fo are the Saracens as far n» Cathay. The Nejlorians inha-
bit tifteci) Citiei of Catkny, and Imvc a Billiop there in

mm \

• 1 ■ '

*ii'

571

Tk FOTAGES and r RAVELS

Book I.

n City called 5<y«)i \ but if you proceed further, they arc
nicer Idolaters : The Prieih of the Idols ol thofe Nations
have all broad yellow Hoods. Ihcrc arc alfo among them
iirtain Hermits, living in the Wooiis and Mountains, of
an aullcrc and ftrangc Lite. The NtjUricms there know
nothing, for they fay their Service, and have I loly Boob
in the Syrian Tongue, which they know not •, fo tlut they
fing, as our Monks do, who are ignorant of Grammar \
and hence it cometh tlut they arc wholly corrupted. They
arc great Ufurcrs and Drunkards, and fomc of them alfo
who live amonglt the 'Tartars, have many Wives in the
time manner as the 'Tartars have.

When they enter into the Church, they wafli their lower
r^rts, as the Saracens do i they eat no Flefh on Friday,
and hold their Feafts on that Day, after the manner of the
Saracens. The Bifliops conic feidom into the Countries,
perhaps once in fifty Years \ then they caufe all their little
Children to be made IViefts, even in the Cradle, fo that
ail their Men almod arc Prielh, and aitcr this, they mar-
ry Wives, which is dircAly againrt the Decrees ot tiie la-
thcrs. They arc alfo Bigamills, for their I'riclU thcm-
fclves, when their Wife is dead, marry another. They
are all Simonijis, for tliey give no Holy Thing freely. Ihty
arc very careful of their Wives and Children, whtretore
they apply tlicmftlves to Gain, and not to the Iprcaduig ol
the Faith ; whence it comes to pafs, while fomc ol them
bring up the Nobilities Children of MoaJ, altlio* they teach
them the Gofpcl, and the Articles of the Faith, yet by
their evil Life and Covetoufnefs, they drive tlv. m further
from Chriftianity, bccaufc the Life cf the Meals, or Mt-
ruh, and Tuiniiins, who are down-right Idolaters, is more
juftand upright than theirs.

34. We departed from the City Cailac on Saint Andrew'i
Day, and within three IxMgues found a Village of Nefio-
rians. Entring into the Church, wc fang Salve Regina, &c.
with Joy, bccaufc it was long (incc we had frcn a Church.
Departing thence, in three Days we came to the Entrance
of that I'rovince, not far from the Sea beforementioned,
which fccmed to us as tempeftuous as the Ocean, and there-
in we faw a great Ifland. My Companions drew near the
Shore, and wet a linnen Cloth therein, to talle the Water,
which was funicwhat fait, but however miglit l>c drank.
There was a Valley over-againll it, l^etween t.'ie great
Mountains South and 1-Jirt, and between the Hiiis was an-
other fait Ijkc or Sea ; and there ran a River through
that Valley from the other Sea into this, and there came
fuch a continual Wind through the Valley, that Men pafs
through the Road with great Danger, fearing the Wind
fhould carry tliem into the Sea.

Therefore we left the Valley, ami went tow.irds the
North, to the hilly Countries, covcrM with dci p Snow,
which then lay upon the Earth, lb that upon S,i;iit A'.i/o-
/.;j's Day we Ixrgan to harten our Journey, and be> aulc we
found no I'eoplc but tlie Jani, or Men apiwinted from
Day's Journey to Day'^> Journe), to conduct the Mell<:i)-
gcrs ; tor in many Places in the hilly Countries, the Way
is narrow, and there arc but few 1-ields -, fu that Utwcen
Pay ai'.d Night we met with two Jani, and therefore of
two Days Journey we m.uic otie, and travelled more by
Night than by Day : It w.is extrtamly cold there, lo that
they lent us their CJoat-Skini, turning the Hair outward.
On the Icvcnth ot Dumber in the Evening, we palled by
a certain Place, iKiwecn very terrible Rocks, and our
Guide fcnt unto me, intreating me to {Tay to God, which
I did. Then wc laiig with louil Voice, Credo in Deum, &c.
and by the Grace ot God, we palled thcough unhurt.

After that, tliey began to intreat me tlut I would write
them Pajitis, and I tuld them I would teach them Words
.which they (hould i.irry in their Hearts, whereby their
Souls and Boeties Ihoiilil he favcd ; but when I fought to
teach them, I wantcil an Interpreter, yet i wrote them the
Creed and Ixird's-Prayrr, faying, " Here ii wri'.tcn
" whatl'ocvcr a Man ought to believe concerning (jod •,
•• here alfo is that Prayer wherein we beg of God wliatlo-
" ever is needful for a Man •, now therefore believe lirinly
" what is written here, although you cannot un.lcrftand it,
" anu alk ( ioil to do that lor you which i:.contaiiied in this
" written Prayer, becaufe with his own Mouth he taught
" It I, Li Friend and 1 hojic he will lave you, " I could

not do any thing eife, bccaufc it was dangerous to (r»,], k
luch an Interpreter, nay, almoll impoflible, bccaufcW
ignorant. "' *«

35. After this, wc cntred into the Country where thfr™
of Ken Khan was, which was formerly called the Oh
of Naymans, who were the peculiar Subje^h of plT
that is, Prejbyter J,bn, but 1 faw not tlm CoSrt tt'
Return % yet here I Ihall briefly mention what befel h,,?''

Mangu Ihould be bJ>an, but I could not well underftand „
what manner happened the Dcadi of Kban. I'twAn't
laid, that he died by a certain Medicine given \m
and It was lulpected t\-ur. Baalu caule.l it to beadminillj
Yet I heard oiherwile, for he lunimoiie.i Uaaiu to com
and do him Homage, and Baatu took Ins Journey wuh
great Pomp and Sph iidor, but he and his ServaiiB wm
much afraid, and he lent one of his lirothcrs before cjO
cd Stiibm, who, when lie came to Ko,, and ouKht to
have prcfented hun with his Cup, high V\ ordsarofcbitw«a
them, inlbmuch that they Ikw one another. 'lh:\\|
dow of Siichin kept us a whole Day, that wc might^oti
her Houfe, and bids her, or pray for her.

AV« being dead, Mangu ssjs chcfcn by the ConfcDt of
Baatu, and was then cholen while l-riar/Ari/rnti was there.
KoH had among others a Brother called Siromn., who by
the Counfel of Kon'i Wife, and her \ alikls, went with i
great Train towards Mangu, as if he went to do him Ho-
mage, ami yet in reality he purpoled to kill him, nd
dellroy his whole Court -, and when he was near A^k,
and within one or twe> Days Journey, one of his Wj^cfs
happened to break in tlic Way v while the Waggonfftn-
cieavoured to mend it, came one of the Servants ot Msm
who helped him-, he was lo innuilitive of their Journtv,
that the Waggoner revealed unto li.:n what 5;««i.-»fu-
poled to do. Then turning out ot the Way, as ;t ht
lightly regariled it, he went unto the 1 !crd of llorks, ar.J
took the fjcll Horfe he could, and pullir.g Night anJDav,
came IJKedily to tiic Couit K>i MMgu, njiortiiig what ii:
had heard.

The Plot being thus difcovcicd, M.m^H quickly alTon.
bled all his I'orces, cauled four 1 .ines ct armed Men lora-
toiupafii his Court, that none mu^lit go in or out, ardf:nc
the rell ag.Mnll Sinmcn, who tiok liiiij, and broui^ht hira
to the Court, with all his lollov, .i--, who, when .ii.'^j'ii
laid the Matter to Ins Lharf/, cxiilelUii it immediately.
I hen he and hii eldcll Son Kon Kl'.:'! were lloin, andtirte
huiulreil ol the Nobiliry ot t!ie 1'anari with them. Ihe
noble Women alfo wcie lent lor, who were all beaten «;di
burning l-uebraiids, to make tlicin confels, ai.d hamg
cemlelled, wcie put to Dcaiii. llii yuiiiujcil Sen Aj,
who was not capable ejf cntnng into the (.onl'i»iraq', "MS
left alive, and his Fatfiei's Palace w.is left him with:! be-
longing unt<j it, and we pals'd fiy it in our Rcturr, rior
durll my Guide turn in unto it, either going nor ccni;rg:
lur, the Lady cf the Nations f.U there in Hdnintji, irJ
there uai none lo comf<.rt ber.

36. We now Willi upagain into the high Countries, Heer*
ing always towards the North. At leni^th, on Sairit:.^
/>tv«'s D.iy, wcentred into a great Plain, where there »a
not to mu( h as a Moie-hill ; and the next Day, on thchJil
of S.unt 'Jobn the Evangeliil, we came iinio the Itect
that great I, ore! : But when we were near it, that :s 10

f.y, ' "'•

won

within five Days Journey, our I loll where wr jv,
Id have directed us much aliout, fo that wc feu'J
have travelled more than lifteen Days ; and this «ai tht
Rcafon, xs 1 umierflood, that wc mifrht go by O** ^••
rule, their pix)per Country where the Court of H'-P f^''"
IS. Others laid, that he eiid it for this I'urpoff, tbatse
might make the Way loi'.ger, ami niiglit Ihew their W^r
the more, for fo they are wont to ileal with Men con-.ijg
from Countries not lubjed to them ; .imi our Cia.:c cb-
uined with great Ditliculty, that we might go tlie ngtit
Way, for they held us debating this from the .'Wrni'S
till Three o'LUxk.

By the Way alfo the Secretary told me, that it ^ms
contained in the Letters which llaatu tent to A^o^i^" 7^'^
that we reejuired an Army and Aid of ^•irtJil) at;i '•'' ,
Saracens. Then I began to wonder much, am to i
greatly troubled, lor 1 luicw the Contents yt the U.- j

Chap. II. ^ William DE RuBRUQUis.

and that no mention of any Army wai made therein, on-
ly you advifed him to be a Friend to all Chriftians, and
that he Ihould exalt the Crola, and bear Enmitv to all the
Enemies of the Crois \ and becaufe alfo the Interpreters
were Armmians, of the greater jirmenia, who greatly
hated the Saracens, left perhaps they had interpreted any
thing in evil Part, to make the Saracens more odious and
hateful at their Pleafure. I therefore held my Peace, not
ipeakinga Word for them, or againft them j for 1 feared to
i;ainfay the Words of Baalu, left I Ihould incur fomc
faife Accufation, and without reafonable Caufe.

We came therefore the Day after into the faid Court
Oiir Guide had a great Houfe appointed him, and we three
a little Cotuge, wherein we could fcarce lay our Baggage,
make our Beds, and have a little Fire. Many came to
vifit our Guide, and brought him drink made of Rice, in
longftrait-mouthed Bottles, in which I could difcem no Dif-
ference from the beft Wine, except that it had not the
Scent of Wine. We were called foon after, and moft
ilriftiy examined uix)n what Bufinefs we came ; " I an-
" fwered, that we having heard Sartacb was a Chriftian,
«' we came therefore unto him. The King our Mafter
<* fent him a Packet by us, he fent us to Baatu his Fa-
" ther, and his Father fent us hither, he fhouid have writ-
" ten tiie Caufe. " Whereupon they demanded, whether
we would make Peace with them ? I anfwered, " He had
" icn; Letters unto Sarlacb as a Chriftian ; and if he had
" known he were not a Chriftian, he would never have
•" lent him Letters. That as to a Treaty of Peace, there
" was no Ground for it, fmce he has done you no wrong ;
" it he had not done any, why (hould you war upon him
•' or his People? He willingly (as a juft Man) would re-
«' form himfelf and dcfire Peace. If ye without Caufe
" will make War with him or his Nation, we hope tlut
" God (who is juft) will help them. " At this they
wondered, always repeating, why came ye not to make Peace.
For they are now fo piiffed-up with Pride, that they think
the whole World fliould defire to make Peace with them •,
whcrras, if I might be fuffercd, I would preach War a-
gainll them to the utmoft of my Power. But I would not
plainly deliver the Caufe of my Coming, left I fhouid
fpeak any thing againft that which Baatu commanded : I
told them therefore the folc Caufe of my coming thither
was, becaufe he fent me.

The Day following we were brought to the Court, and
I thought i could go barefoot, as 1 did in our Country,
and therefore I laid afide my Shoes ; but fuch as come to
the Court, alight far from the Houfe, where the great
khan is, as it were a Bow-(hot off, where the Horfes re-
main, and a Boy to keep them. When we alighted there,
and our Guide went with us to the Houfe, a Hungarian
Boy was prcfent there, who knew our Order i and when
the Men came about us, and ftared at us as Monfters, ef-
pecially becaufe we were barefooted, and demanded whe-
ther we did not need our Feet, becaufe they fuppofed we
Ihould by Cold have loft then, that Hungarian tojd them
the Reafon, fhewing them the Rules and Praftice of our
Order. Then the chief Secretary, who was zNeJlorian, and a
Chiillian, by whofe Council and advice almoft all is done,
came to us to fee us, looked earneftly upon us, and call-
ed the Hungarian, of whom he alked many Queftions.
Then we were direfted to return to our Lodging.

37. When we returned, at the End of the Court, to-
wards the luft, as far from the Court as a Crofs-bow could
Ihoot at twice, I faw a Houfe, ujxin which there was a
litde Crofs, at which I rejoiced much, fupiwfing there was
lome Chriftian there, and I went in boldly, and found an
Altar there, very well furniftied 1 for there, in a golden
Cloth, were the Images of Chrijl, the Blefled Virgin, and
Saint Jebn Bapiiji, and two Angels -, the Lineaments of
tlitir Bodies and Garments diftinguifhed with Pearl, and a
grci't fdvcr Crofs with precious Stones in the Comers, and
lix Middle thereof, and many other Embroiderings, and
« bnip burning with Oil before the Altar, having eight
lights! and there fat an Armenian Monk, fomewhat
black and lean, clad with a rough hairy Coat to the
Mid- kg having upon it a black Cloak of Briftles, furred
with f'pottcd Skins, girt wixli Iron under hii Hair-doth.

573

Prefently after we entred in; before we faiutcd the
Monk, falling flat upon the Ground, we fang Ave Regina
Calorum, &c. and he rifing, prayed with us ; then faint-
ing him, we fat by him, having a little Fire before him
in a Pan ; therefore we told him the Caufe of our com-
ing, and he began to comfort us, faying, that we fhouid
boldly fpcak, becaufe we were the Meflengers of God,
who is greater than all Men. Afterwards he told us of his
Coming, faying, he came tltuher a Month before us, and
that he was a Hermit of the Territories of Jerufalem, and
that the Lord appeared unto him three Times, command-
ing him to go to the Prince of the Tartars ; and when he
deferred to go the third Time, God threatned him, and
over-threw him upon the Ground, faying, he Ihould die,
unlefs he went; and that he told Mangu-Khan, that if he
would become a Chriftian, the whole World fhouid be o-
bedient to him. Then I anfwered, " Brother, I will wil-
" lingly perfuade him to become a Chriftian ; I will pro-
" mife him alfo that the French and the Pope will much
" rejoice thereat, and account him a Brother and a Friend j
«« but I will never promife that they (hall become his Scr-
«• vants, and pay him Tribute, as thefe other Nations,
" becaufe in fo doing, I fliould fpeak againft my Confci-
" ence. " On which he held his Peace. We afterwards
went together to our Lodging, which I found a cold Ha-
bitation.

We had eaten nothing that Day •, fo we boiled a little
Fleflt and Millet, of which we made Broth for our Sup-
pers. Our Guide and his Companions were drunk at the
Court, and little Care was had of us. At that Time the
Meflengers of Vejiace were there, hard by us, which we
knew not, and the Men of die Court made us rife in great
Hafte at the Dawning of the Day. I went barefoot with
them a little way unto the Houfe of the faid Meflengers,
and they demanded of them whether they knew us. Then
that Grecian Soldier calling our Order, and my Compa-
nion to remembrance, becaufe he had feen him in the
Court of Vejtace, with Friar Thomas, our Minifter, and all
hb Fellows, gave great Teftimony of us. Then they de-
manded whether we had Peace or War with Vejiace ? We
have, faid I, neither War nor Peace 1 and they demanded
how that might be? Becaufe, faid I, their Countries are
far from each other, and meddle not together. Then the
Ambaflador of Vajlace faid, we had Peace, giving me a
Caution ; fo I held my Tongue. That Morning my Toes
Ends were frozen fo, that I could no longer go baiefoot;
for in thefe Countries, the Cold is.extrcam (harp, and from
the Time when it beginneth to freeze, it never ceafes till
May ? Nay, in the Month of May, it froze every Morn-
ing, but in the Day-time it thaweii, thro* the Heat of the
Sun i but in Winter it never thaws, but the ice continues
with every Wind. And if there were any Wind there
in Winter, as there is with us, nothing could live there ;
but it is always mild Weather till April, and then the
Winds rife ■, and at that Time when we were there (about
Eajler) the Cold rifing with the Wind, killed Multitude*
of living Creatures.

In the Winter little Snow fell there ; but about Eaftert
which was in the latter End of April, there fell fo great
a Snow, that all the Streets of Caracarum were full ; fo
that they were forced to carry it out with their Carts. Then
they firft brought us (from the Court) Ram-lkin Coats, anci
Breeches of the fame, and Shoes, which my Companion
and Interpreter received •, but I thought I had no need of
them, becaufe I fuppofed my furr'd Garment, which I
brought from Baatu, was fufficient for me. On the 5th
of January, we were brought to the Court, and there came
Nejlorian Priefts to me, whom I knew not to be Chrifti-
ans, demanding which Way we worfhipped ? I faid, to
the Eaft > and this they demanded, becauli; we had fliavcn
our Beards, by the Advice of our Guide, that we might
appear before the Kban, according to the Faft.ion of our
Country, whereupon they thought we had been Tuinians,
or Idolaters: They made us alio expound out of the Bible.
Then they demanded what Reverence we would pay to
the Kban, whether after our own F^afliion or theirs? To
whom I made anfwer, " We are Priefts dedicated to th^
** Service of God ; Noblemen in our Country will not fuf*
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574

r/&r r or AGES und travels

Book I.

«' fer Pri-fts to bow their Kners bfforc thrm for the Ho-
•« nour of GOD : Neverthelcfs wc will humble ourftlves
" to all Men for the Lord's fake. Wc came from a far
«' Country, if ye plcafc we will firft fing Praifcs unto GOD,
•• who hath brought us fafc hither from afar, and aftcr-
" wards we will do whatfocver pleafcth this Lord, with
" this Exception, that he command us nothing which may
«» b< againft the Worfhip and Honour of GOD." Then
they entering into the Houfe, delivered what we hail faid ;
fo their Lord was contented, and they frt us before the
Entrance of the Houfe, lifting up the Felt which hung
before the Gate, and becaufe it was Chrijfinaj we began to
fing, J Selh eriui cardint, &c.

_^«. When we h.id fung this Hymn, they fcarchcd our
Bofoms to fee wc had no Knives about us. They made
our InttiiHctcr ungird himfclf, and leave his Girdle and his
Knife without, in the Cuftody of a Door keeper. When
wc came in, there ftoodinthe Entrance a Bench withCofmos,
by which they nude our Interpreter ftand, and caufed us
to fit upon a Form kforc the Ladies i the whole I loufc was
hung with Cloth of Gold, and on a 1 fearth, in the Middle of
the Houfe, there wa<^ a Fire made of Thorns .ind Wormwood
Koots (which grow tiicre very big) ar.d Ox l^ing. The
KbJtt fat upon .i Brd covered wit!i a fpotted Sktn, or P'ur,
bri{',ht and fliining like a Seal's Skin : He was a flat tiffed
Man, oi' a middk- Stature, about the Age of tive and forty,
and a little pretty young Woman liii Wife fat by him, ami
one of his Daughters, whofc N.xmc was drinti, a li.ird-
favoured young Woman, witli otiicr Chik'.rcn th.it were
younger, lit next unto them upon a Bed ; fur t!;at was the
Houfe of a certain Chrillian Ljcly he loved, by whom he
had this Daughter, and he marrird the young Wife .iftcr-
wardsi yet the Djughter was Millrt-fs (jf all th.it Court
which was her Muther's.

Then he made them alk us what we would drink, whe-
ther Wine, or Ciracira, that is. Drink nude of Rice, or
Ciracofmiis, that is, clear Cow's Milk, or Ball, that is. Mead
made ot Honey ; for tliey ufc tlufe four kinds otl.iquor
in the Winter? Then I anfwtred. Sir, wc arc not Men
who take I'lcafurc in Drink, what pleafcth you ftiall con-
tent u?. I'hcii he commanded Drink of Rice to l>e given
U5, clear ar.d g(X).l as White-wine ; whereof I taftcd a little
f»,r Rrverrnc- oi liim, and our Interpreter, to our Misfor-
tune, ftood by the Butlers who gave him much Drink, fo
tliat he was qukk'y drunk ; then the Kkan taufeil 1 al niu
and other Biius to l>c brought unto him, which he ttxik
upjn his Fift, and looked up' n them, and after a long time
he tomnundcd us to fpeak. Wc were tht-n tj bow the
Knee-, and he had his Iiitcrputer, a certain Nijlcriait,
whom I knew not to be a ChxilVian •, and wc had our Ir.ter-
preter, fii;:h a one as he was, who by this Time was linink.
Then I laid, " Wc full give Thai-.ks and Praile to ( i OD,
" who hath Irought us from fo remote farts of the World
" to fee MuH^u-Kban, to whom (JOI^ h.ith giv-n fo gr.at
*' Power upon Earth ; ami wc bcfcech our Lord, '. v w.'wlc
" Command wc- live and die, that \v would grant 'lim a
" long and a profixrcus Life," ;tor tliis they dcfir: , that
Men pray fiJt their Lives) then I told him, " Sir, Wc have
" heard oi ojr/jii, that he was a Chrillian, and the Clu-i-
" lliics who heard it, but clixrcully the Frinch Ki:[;, re-
" joiced \ wlicrefore we come unto hiui, and our land and
" King hath lent him letter* by us, wherein were Words
" of Peace, and amyr.gft other things he tcftilicth of us
" whofc Servants wc arc, and entreated !iim to fuller us to
" abide in his Country ; lor it is our Ollicc to teacli Men
" to live atcordiiig to the I .aw of f iOD, and he fent us to
•' Baatu hii Father, and Baaiu hath fcnt us hither unto
" you-, you arc they to whom GOD hath given great
" Dominions upon Lurtii, wc therefore intrcat your I Iigh-
" nch to give us leave to continue in your Country to"lo
" the Service of GOD for you, your Wives, and Chil-
" drrn. Wc have neither Gol.!, Uii\ Silv( r, nor Precious
" Stones, to iir-lliit unto you, hut ourfclvcs, whom we
" prclcnt to lirve and pray unto GOD for you : At Icaft
" give us leave to continue while tlie Cold Ix- pall. My
" Comnanion is fo wc.ik, that he tanmjt by any means
*' travel on Horlibaek without 1 la/Ard of his Life i" for
my Comjianion In ggcd nie and adjured me to crave Iravc to
Iby. J hen hf began to anl'wer, l.vrn as t!ie Sun fpread.

his Beams every where, fo our Power and «««,•, n,,.
itfelt crrry where, fo that we have no need of vour -i .
and Gold. '^^''"

Hitherto I underftooti my Interpreter, but further I ro„ii
not perceive any jwfrft Sentence, whereby I cafilyiri
he was dr\ink, and Mangu-Kban hinil'elf wasdnii.ktocTt
leaft I thought fo •. yet he was difplcalrd that wt came HhI
to Sarlacb, before wc came to him. Then fctincthc Dt
frft of my Intrrpntcr, I held my Peace, this Odiy „^J
ed \ I intreateil his I lighneli not to be dilplcaW ,ortl«i
which I fpake of Gold and Silver, becaufe I fpokc it '^
that he had ne«i of fuch things, or delired them, but be
caufe we would willingly honour him with fpiritu'ai thina"
Then he made us rife, .tnd fit down again, andiftcrloTC
few Words, and paying our Duty to him, wcwtntout
ami his Secretaries, and that Interpreter of his (who hid the
bringing up of one of his I )aughtf rs) went with is, Ihty
Ix-gan to br very inquifinvc concerning the Kingdom of
France, whether there were many 'Urns, Oxen, and
Horfes there, as if prelently they Ihould enter and take all;
And olt-ntimcs I w.is tane to bridle myfelf miKh indilfem-
bling Anger and Indipiation. lanfwered, however, there
arc many good things there which yc (liall foe it you hap-
pen to come thither. Then they .iitiKiintcd m one who
fhuld have C.irr of us, and we went to the Monk; and
when we came out aj-ain ready to go to our Lodging, the
Interpreter came to us, faying, iA/>''s,'«-A'i<i« hath Com-
panion on you, and give^ you two Months Timctnfta^,
then the cxtream Cold will be patt -, and he oilers to litid
you ten Days Journey, where is a i^ocMi Ci7 called Cn-
fttrum; if you will go thither he will c.idciKCfiTiryniingi
to be given you, but if yc will ft.iy here yc may luve Ne.
crlfaries ; yet it will Ix; a troublclbinc thing tor you tj fol-
low the Court.

1 faul the Lord j>rcfervc M^in^t-Kban, ar.i! ,ffnnt hima
[j^H^d and long I. ifc. Wc have tbuiid this Mon'; htrc,
who wc think to be a holy Man, and th.it by thr I'.ood
Plcillirc of («OD he camr irtothele Parts i whcretw vrc
would willingly flay with him, and wc will pr.iy togc-
the r for the Fife of Kb.in. Then he held Ins Peace, and
departed, and wc went to our Houle, which wc found vny
cold, and without any Fuel, as yet falbnp, though it »u
Night. Then he to whom we wrrr recommended, prori-
tied us Fuel, and a little Meat CXir tiuicte was now to
rerurn to Hmtu, who dcfired a Carpet of us, which we kit
in the Court of Baalu, which we fv/" him, and he peace-
ably departed ; fo killing our riglit ffsnd, and confciTing
his Fault, if he lii^Trrcd us to endure 1 lunger and Thirll
m'^on the Way, wt pardoned him, craving Pardoa ot him
and his whole Family, if wc had given them any cnl
Example.

3 .\ certain Woman of Mtiz in I.crraiitf, calW Pdi>,
found us, who made us good Ch^r, accordinf; u ^
Power, who belonged to the Court of that I jlywho mi
Chnlban, of whom I l])oke Irfore, who told us of htf
l^rangc Poverty which (he t-ndurfd before Ihe fame to the
Cou^t ; but now fhe was well to lisr, for \h'. h.i:i a you^g
Hulhand, a Rutcri.-.^ f'w whom fl:e ha J three very fur
Children"; who was Ikiltul in B-nldmc;, which amon^hhem
is an excellent Art. She toM us firrher. taat at Cmonft
there was a certain GoMlhnrh v-allcd If-'iU'/im, bom at Pr.s,
whole Surname was Bouchicr, and his F.ithn's Nami'L«'-
rence Bouebier, and flic ticlicvctf he hath a Brotheryrt.iV.r^
ujion the Great Hri^^gr, called K-ir/JrrrA^r; and (ii'tJiJ
me that h; had a cet't lin young Man which hclwagitu?,

who was an excellent In-
efiidGold-

whom he accounted a' !i:- Son, r itai^

t-rpreter; bur A/rtWjrr A '•..•« deb vere-H ro thealnreW W-"
I'mith three hundred Jaleois, that is thr'ethoulamlMirt.S
and lifty Workmen, to make a I'lece ol Work, fo that mc
fe.ired he could not lend his .Son to me ; lor (he hearc low
fay in that Court, the Men which came horn your U""-
try .ire good Mm, and .Ut«!,'«-W^« «o^,|d wi Imgyipf^
unto them, but th'ir Interpreter is gocd lornotlimg i mt^'
tiire the was careful for an Intrn.-retLT.

Then I wrote unt-. the (^oldlmith, ccrtitymg h'^ o":?
coming hither, and rrqiiellipg him, »''■"''."= '^*,j he
w,,uLl fend me his Son, and he wrote ^^ ■)'''*"; '•;,|y.
nmld not tlut Moon-, but the next his Work lhou.J^«
IK-rlccttd, and then he would fend him unto nic.^^^^^

Chap. II.

of William de Rubruqui

ftayed therefore with other Embafladors, and it is other-
wile with EmbaflMon in Baaiu's Court than in the Court
of Mimgu-Kban ; for in the Court of Baatu tiiere is one
Jam on the Eaft Side, who rcceivcth all iUch as come from
the Welt, aiul fo of other Countries of the World i but in
the Court of AUngu they arc all together under one Jaai,
and they may fee and vifit one another. In Baatu's Court
they know not one another, or whether a Man be a Mef-
fenger or no, becaufc they know not one another's Lodg-
ing, nor fee one another, but in the Court ; and when one
is called by Accident, another is not, for they go not to
Court unlefs they be fent for. We found there a certain
ChrilUan in Damafcus, who faid he came in the Behalf of the
Soldan of Mens Rtgalij, and of Crax, who dcfired to be-
come Friend and Tributary to the Tartars.

40, The Year before I came thither there was a certain
Clerk of A(on,, or Ptelemais in Syria., who called himfelf
Kaimund, but' his true Name was fheodolus, and he took
his Journey from Cyprus with Friar ^hdrew, and went with
him into J'(rfia, arid procured certain Inftrumcnts of Amo-
rim then in Ptrfta, who remained after Ih'm /]ndrfw.
Friar Andreui returning, he wt-nt forward with his Inflru-
mtnts. and came to Mangu-Khiin,An'\ being demanded upon
what Account he came, titid, " That he was with a certain
" huly Hilhop, to whom the Lord lint Letters from Hea-
" veil, written in Golden Characters, and commanded him
JLiid them to the F^mperor of tin- Tartars^ becaufe

" helhoukl be Lord of the whole F..irth, and that he fliould
" iKTl'iiade Men to make I'cace with him." Then M.:ngu
faid unto him, if thou hadft brought thefe Letters, which
«ome from Heaven, and the Letters oi thy Lord, thou
hadft been welcome. He anfwcrcd, that he brought Let-
ters, but tiiey were with other things of his on a wild and
pamj'ered Gelding, which tfcaping, tied from liim tlirough
tlie Woods and Mountains, fo that he had lofl: ail.

Then Mangu demanded the Name of the BiHiop i he
faid he was called Odi oi Damafcus, and informed him alio
o>' Mailer //'V///<i»», who was Clerk of the Ixird Legat. The
Khan demanded, in whole Kingdom it was ? To whom he
made Anl'wer, that it was under a certain King of the
Irank.', callctl Aloles i for he liail heard of tliat that hap-
peno'.i at M'ljfcra, and he would have faid, that they were
ot your Servants. FIc alio told the fc6a», that the Saracens
wire Ixtwecn the Franks and him, who hindered his way ;
but if the way had been open, he would have fent hlmbaf-
fadors, and willingly iiave made Peace with him. Then
Matij^u-Kijan alked him, if he would bring his Meflengers
to that King, and that Bilhop ? Fie told him he would,
and alio to tlic Fo})c.

'I'hen Miingu caufed an exceeding ftrong Bow to be
made, whicli two Men could Icarce bend, and two Ar-
rows of Silver, whole Heads were full of Fluies, which
fung, when they are fliot, like a Whiftle ; and he chofe a
Moel, whom he Ihould fend with the faid Tbcodotus, and
to whom he faid, " Thou fliall go to the King of the
" rranks, to whom this Man (hail bring thee, and pre-
" fent him with thefe on my Behalf-, and if he will have
" Peace with us.we will win the Country from i\v: Saracens,
" even home to him, and will grant him the relt of the
" Country unto the Wcif ; if otherwife, bring back the
" Bow and Arrow unto us, and tell him we Ihoot far and
" ftrongly with fuch Bows." I'hen he caufed theodolus
to go forth, whofc Interpreter Mailer lyUliam's Son was,
and in his Hearing, he faid unto the Moal, " Thou ihalc
" go with this Man, mark well the Ways, the Countries,
" and their Caftles, Men and Mountains". For this
Rcafon the young Man blamed 7 16. W.?/w, faying, he had
done ill in conducing the Meflengt rs of the Tartars with
liim, lor they went for no other C.uile but to fpy.

He ani'wcrcd, that he would let them on the Sea, that
they Hioukl not know which Way to return. Mangu gave
«lfu unto Moal his golden Bull or 'Fablet, to wit, a Plate of
Gold of an Hand Breadth and half a Cubit long, wherein
liis Orders are engraven : Whofo carrieth that, may com-
mand what he will, and it is done without Delay. So then
IMolus came to ytftatius, determining to pals over to the
•^"le, that he might deceive the Pope, as he had de-
ceived Mangu-Khan, Then yeftacius demanded ol hiiji,
whether he haul Letters tp the Pope, becaufc he was a

575

Mcflcnger, and fhould condua the Meflengcrs of the Tar-
tars i but not being able to (hew the Lcttcr.s he rook him
and fpoiled him of all that he had got, and call him in
Prifon, and the Moal fell fick and dicil there.

But yejiacius fent back the goJden I'ablct to Mau^u-
Khan by the Servants of the Moat, whom I nut at ./froit
in the Entrance into Turiy, who told mo what had hap-
pened to Thcodelus. Such Sharpers run througli the
World, whom the Tartars kill when they can ta'.u: thcni.
Now the Epiphany was at hand \ and that Artaaiiim Monk,
Scrgius by Name, told me that he Ihould baptize MaitgU'
Khan upon that Holy Day. I entreated him to labour, by
all means, that I miglit lie prefent, that I migiit bear Wit'
ncls that I faw it ; and he promifed me he would.

41. When this fcllival Day came, the Monk called me,
not, but at fix of the Clock I was fent for to Court, and I
faw the Monk with the Priefts returning from the Court
with his Crofs,and the Priells with theCtnfor, and the Gof-
pel for that Day. Mangu-Khan made a Fcafl, and hij
Cultom is, that on fuch Days as his Soothfiyers appoint
him, or the Nejlorian Priefts make Holy Days, he held
his Court \ and on thefe Days the Chriftians come firft,
with their Furniture, and pray for him and blefs his Cup \
then they departing, the Saracen Priefts come and do the
like : Next after them come the idolatrous Priefts, and do
the fame. The Monk told me, that he only believes the
Chriftians, yet will have all to pray for him ; but in this
he lied, tor he believes none ; yet all follow his Court as
Flies do Honey. He giveth to all, and all Men think
they are his Familiars, and all prophefy Profperity to him.
Then we fat before the Court a long Space, and they
brought us Fltfli to eat i to whom I made anfwer, tiiac
we would not eat there, but if they would provide us
Meat, they ftiouid provide it for us at our FJonle -, to
which they anfwered, Get Home to your Houf^-, you
were invited here for nothing elfe but to eat : Tlicrsfura
wc returned to the Monk, wiio bluHicd r.t the Lie hu
had told me, and tiierefore would not fpcak a Word of
the Matter j yet Ibme of the Ncjlcriaiis alnrmcd, that he
was baptized i to whom 1 fiid, that I would ncvvr believe
it, nor report it to others, feeing I law it net.

Wc came at laft to our old and empty Floule, whsres
they provided us Bedding and Coverlids ; they brought us
alfo Fuel, and gave us three the Carcals of one little lean
Ram, as Meat for fix FJays, and every Day a little Platter-
full of Millet, and lent us a Caldron, and a Trivet to boil
our Flelh, which being boiled, wc boiled our Millet in
the Broth of the Flefti. This was our Meat, and it had
well fuihced us, if they had fuftered us to eat in Peace }
but there were fo many ftarved Fallows, who were not
provided with Meat, that as loon as they faw us drefs ours,
they thrull in upon us, and would dat with us. The Cold
began then to prevail, and Mangu-Khan fent us three
Fur -coats with the Flair outwards, which we thank-
fully received : They demanded alio how we were pro-
vided with neccflary Food ; to whom I anfwered, that lit-
tle Meat fufhced us, but we have not an Houfe wherein to
pray for Mangu-Kban ; for our Cottage was fo little, that
we could fcarcc ftand upright .in it, nor open our Books
for Smoak after the Fire was lighted. Of this they gave
him an Account, and he fent to the Monk, to know if ha
would be pleafed with our Company, who gladly anfwered
that he would. From that Time we were provided with
a better Floufe, and wc went down with the Monk before
the Court, where none lodged but we and their Sooth-
layers ; but they lodged nearer before the Palace of the
greateft L-idy, and we at the fartheft End towards the
Eaft, bs-fore the Palace of the laft Lady ; and that was on
the Thirteenth of January

On the next Morning, all the Ncjlcrian Priefts came to-
gether before Day at the Chapel, and fiTiote upon a Bioad
inftead of ringing a Bell, and lang Matins Ibkmnly, and
put on their Ornaments, prepaiing the Ccnlbr and the Iii-
cencc V and while they were waiting thus, behold, in the.
Morning the principal Wife Cota'a-Caten by Name {Ca-
l(H is of the fanie Import as Lady, and Cntnta is her proj
per Name) came into the Chapel with many other Ladies,
and with her cidcft S»)n called A?////, and other Children,
and they eaft thcmfelvcs dowu upon the Earth, ducking
a aftef

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r>&<r rorAGES ami tRA FELS Book I.

•fter the Msnnw of the Uefioriam \ and after thii, they
touchra all the Images with their RiRht-hsmlJ, always
kilTing their Hands after they had tmiched \ anvl ifter that
they give their Riglit-hands to all that tUxxl hy thetn in
the Ciuirch, for this is the Ciiilom of the Nflttnan) when
fhey rome into the Cluirrh ; then the IViells Uhk many
Things giving the 1 ..uly Incenfc in her Hand, ami flic
nut it mion the Fire -, then they perfumed her : Alter this,
svhcn the Day was clear, (he be^an to put off the Oma-
mtnt off her Head, which is called HMca, and I law her
bare I had 1 then fhe commander! us to go forth, and as 1
went out I faw a Silver Bafon brought, whether they Kip-
tized her or no I know not •, btit I know they lelehrate
not Mais in a Tent, but in a (landing Church \ and at the
Feaff of Eaflfr 1 faw them Iwptize and conlif rate a Fount
with great Solemnity, which now they did not.

While we went into our Houfe, Af<i»f«-A'A««i hiinfelf
came and went into the Church or Oratory, and a g«)hlen
Bed was brought, on which he fat by his (^lecn, over-
•gainfl the Altar i then we werefent for, who knew not then
that Maiigu was come, and the I>)<)r-keeper feari hed us
left we Oiould have Knives about us \ but coming into
the Oratory, having a Bible and a Breviary in my Ikilom,
I firft bowed down to the Altar, ami after to Mdiijfu-
Ktan, and fo paffing by we ftooil Ix-tween the Monk and
the Altar ; then they made us fing a Pfalm after our Man-
ner and chaunt it ; but we fang I'tni fiinitt SfrintMi^ *fc.
and Kb.7n caufcd our Books to be brought unto him, the
Bible and the Breviary, and diligrnily ciKluirnl ronctrning
the Imagi^, what they fignified 4 the Ntftortant anfwen-d
him at their Fleafure, becaul'e our Interpreter came not in
with us •, anil when I was firft b< tore him, I hail the Bi-
ble in my Bof'om, which he commanded to K- bro\ight un-
to him, and he looked carrellly on iti thrn he deprteil,
and I. IS Lady remained there, and didtilwited (iitts to all
the Chnllians (here •, Ihc gave the Monk a Jali-ot, and to
the ArchDracon of the Friefts another; ihe taiiled a
Naffic to be fprcad liefore us, that ii, a I'uce of Cloth as
broad as a Coverlid of a Bed, very large, and a Buckram,
%;hii.h, when I would not receive, they f'rnt them to my
Interpreter, who had them to himlclf. 1 !<• Iirouj'jit the
Naffic to Cyprus, which he told for eif-'liteeii Suttanmrs ot
Cyprui, but it was much the worf^- for the tarnaire.
Then Prink wii brought u?., riz. Drink made of Uice
and Rctiwine, like a \N irt of Rcthfllf, and Colinos i
then the 1-idy holding the Cup full in her I land, ttrfircd
a Bleffir.g ujxjn her Kmcs, and all the I'lirils lung with a
loud Voicr.and (lie drank it up, and 1 and my Companion
were obliged to fing.

Another Time, when all of them were almot> drunk,
there v/as brought the Carrafsof one Kaiis wluth was pre-
fcntly devoured, and after that girat Fillus v^hiih are
like our Carp, without Salt or Bread, whercot I eat a lit-
tlt , fo they paffed the Day till the Kvining \ and when
the Lady herldf was drunk, the took hrr t hariot, the
Pric(\5 finging, and went her Way. The mxt >VWitv,
which waa the Twenty- third of 'January, the Kium't Sou
came 'whofe Mother was a Chnlliani and did tlir like,
but rot with fo great So|)emr.ity, for he y,Ave notiifts,
but ma-'e tlie I'rielts drink, and gave them jiarihed Millet
to eat. Before the firft SunJay in /•/)»/, the Ndlptmnt
Juft three Pays, which they lall the Fall of y<»r.i.i, when
he preached to the Ninmtcs. Ami the .irmtniant fall
five Pays, which they call the l"aft of St. Iwrkii, who is
the grcatcll Saint among them. The Nfjtorians Ixgm
their laft on Tuefdcty, and end it on 'IhitrJJay j fb that oil
Frid.ty they eat Flefli : And ail that Timr I law the Chan-
tellor, who is there called Hulj^ai, give then) tiiull I'leces
of Hc(H up.on the irtday , and tiny birtU-d. the I'leih With
great Solemnity, as the I'alcal Lamb u bleffed, but he
cat none witli them •, and tiu'> I learned ot the l-'rtwb
Goldfinith, who was his very familiar Fnend.

The Munk fent to Man^u to tali: that Week, whiih he
didi fo tliat on tiie Eajltr ot the .Armenians we went in J'ro-
CefTion to the Houfe ot the Mani^u, and the Monk and we
t(X) went in with the Friefts before hiiii ■, and while we went
in, one uf the Servants went out, (arrying out tin- Shoulder
Bones of Hums burnt as bin k as Loab. 1 wondered at tins
jjrtatt>', as not knowing wlut it ihould mean ; but alter 1

had enquired, I underftooti, that the Khn never dotjin,
thing (before he has confulted thefe Bones, which kind of
Divination is thus j^rformcd : When the «>« undcrtakei
any thing, or rather before he undertakes it, he uuf«
three of thefe Bones to be brought to liim unburnt and
holding them, he confiders in his Mind the thing he con-
fiilts about, and whether he (hall do it or'not, and thtn
delivers the Bones to be burnt •, ami thae are always two
little Ro<mis by the Houfe where he lies, whcrethfllBonti
are burnt, which are diligently fought for every Day thro'
all the IjcOiAT or Camp of the Taritirs. When ti.c arc
burnt black, they bring them to him i then hf looks 'upoj
them, whether the Bones, by the Heat of the Fire, lietlfft
I .engthways, for then he may tlo it 1 but if the Bontja.t
cr.Kked athwart, or round Ileces fly out of them, thin lis
iloth it not, for the Bones are always deft in tht Fir; or
the thin Skin which coven the Bone ; and if one he dtfj
downright, he proceeds in his DeUgn be it what it wll.

When therefore we went in before him, having a Cau-
tion to avoid touching the Threftiold, the N(ftorm Pritih
brought him Incenfe, and he ptit it upon the Ccnior, and
they purfumed him, then they fung, blclTing his Cup j
after them the Monk pronounced his BlclTing, and wj
bleffed laft : And when he faw us holding up the Bible to-
wants (Hir Breafts, he caufeil it to be brought to him that
he might fee it, which he carneflly looked ujwn 1 then al-
ter he had drunk, and the chief I'rieft had waited on hij
Cup, they gave the Priefts Drink, but we went out ; but
my Com|>anion ftaying laft, when wc were gone, turned
his Face to the Khan, bowing himfelf to him, and then la.
fbly following us, he ftumblcd at the Threlhold of the
i loufe, while we went in Haftc towards the Houfe of
Hattu, the Kban'i eldeft Son. They that obfervcd the
Thrcfliold feized my Companion and made him Hay, call-
ing one, and commanding him to be carried to the fii(,|{ji',
win) is the Chancellor, or Secretary of the Court, who
judgeth thofe that are arraigned of Life and Death, butl
knew it not \ yet, when i looked back, and did not fee
him coming, I thought they kept him to give himfoice
lighter Garments, for he was weak, and lo laden witj
Felt-Garments that he could fcarce go.

Then they called our Interpreter, and made him f;t
with him, but we went to the Kban'i eldeft Son's Ikla,
who had two Wives, and was lodged at the right Si;!: of
his Father's Court \ who, as foon as he faw usccxirg,
leaping fiom his Bed whereon he fat, caft himfelf upaiik
l-ailh, fmiting his Forehead againft the (iround, where
kiffing the Crofs, and then arifing, caufcd it to be kJ up-
on a new Cloth, in an high Place by him, very honoua-
bly ; He hath a Schtwimafter, a Ntftcrm Prieft died
lUvid, a Drunkard, who inftrurts him. Then he mltia
fit, and gave the Priefts Drink, and he alio drank, rrt.;v-
ing the Bleffing from them ; then we went to thcCcunof
the ffcond Lady, which was called Cola, who foibwftl
Idol.iters, whom we found lying fick a Iwd •, tlnn •.^.i
Monk made her rife out of her Bed, and worlhipthe Cro:3,
Iwwing hrr Knees thrice, and bowing towards the Grcu'v!,
he ftanding with theCrofsat the Weft Side ofthelLd,
and ftic on the Hitft j this being done, they chant;ed Piica,
and the Monk went «ith the Crols unto the I'^ft, anj ■■■'
unto the Weft, Td \\r joldly commanded lui, tl.''i«
was fo weak that inc could feme Hand upon her Ff!t,
that ftxf fhould caft herfclf down thrice, and worftip ihe
Crols towards the F-ift, after the Manner ot the Chfi!>
ans, which (he did, and he taught her to nuke the Sgao:
the Crols ujwn her Foreheail, after Ihe laid down u;w, .'.r
Bed i and praying for her, we went unto the third Icuir,
where a Chrillian laidy ufed to be, who beii-g orad, a
young Woman fucceeded her, who, ti^tther wnh ^
l>.iugliterof her Lord, joyfully nveived usi anoaltut
whole Houfe reverently wortliijiped the Crols J"': -• '^j
it uiKin a velvet Cloth, in an high I'lace, and llu'WATfJ
Meat to be brought, which btim: let Ixtorc; the l-^y, '"«
caulid it to l)e diftributed to the I'riefts-, bmht"'':|

Me.u and Uniik, lorw

It to \x ililtrilHited to
Monk were veiy weary ol the M<.u anil
Meat iHMnf; eaten, and much Prink ilnmk, ^^■'=*'""^ =
to the yo'inn J jdy Cermt, who lodged behim. ihJtgrtii
Houfe, which was her Mother's vvho, at the conn.v.^

of the Croii, coll herlell down ui^on tlie liarth, iW

liupi

Chap II.

0/ William deRubruqUis.

(hipped it very devoutly, becaufc (he had been taught fo
toilo, and (he let it in a high Place, upon a Piece ot Silk,
and ail thofe Cloths whereon the Crofs was i'at, were gi-
ven to the Monks.

A certain Armtnian brought his Crofs, who came with
the Monk, as he faid, from Jirufalem, and it was of Sil-
vtr, weighing about fome lour Marks, and it had i'our
precious Stones in the Comers, and one in the Middle. It
Ittd not the Image of our Saviour, and he had prcfcntcd
it to Man^u-Khan, and Mangu demanded of him what he
dcfiied ? To whom he anfwered, that he was the Son of
an Armmian Pricft, whofe Church the Sarauns had de-
ftroyd, and craved his Help for the Building again that
Church. Then he aflced him for how much it might be
built again ? He anfwered, for two hundred Jafcots, that
is, tor two thoufand Marks ; and he commanded Let-
ters to Ix- given him, to him, who received the Tribute in
Pirjia and /Irmtnia the Greater, that they Ihould pay him
the laid Sum in Silver. This Lrol's the Monk carried
with him every where, and the Piitlls feeing the Gain he
made thereof, began toenvy him. \Vc were tliercforc in the
Houfe of the young Lady, and llie j^uvc the Priefts much
Drink-, frcni hence we went up into the fourth Houfe,
whicl) wxs the \.\[\, for he iill'd not to come often unto
that Ijtiy, and her Houfe was very old, and herftif not
fiviT !.]rjciou5 •, but after Eajlir, tiie Kban made her a new
Hoiile, and new Chariots. She likewife,as well asthe Second,
knew little or nothing of Chrillianity, but followed Sooth-
fayers and Idolaters •, yet at our coming in, Ihe worlhip-
pai the Crofs as the Monk and the Prieft taught her. There
alfo the Priells drank again, and from this Place we re-
turned to our Oratory, which was not far from thence,
the f riells accompanying us with great Howling and Uut-
iries in their Drunkennefs, which is not confidered there as
Haineablc, either in Man or Woman. A little alter, my
Companion was brought home, and the Monk Hiarply re-
buked him, becaufc he touched the Threlhold. I'he next
Day Bulgai came (who was a Juftice) and diligently en-
quired whether any had warned us to take Heed of touch-
ing the Threlhold ■, and I anfwered. Sir, We had not our
Interpreter with us, and if they did, how could we under-
Hand ? Then he pardoned him, but would never after fuffer
him to come into any of the Houfes of Mangu-Khan.

43. Sometime afterwards, it happened that the Lady
Cota was fick, almoft to Death, and the Divination by
Iflt of the Idolaters, did her no good at all ; then Mangu
Knc unto the Monk, demanding of him what might be
lione for her, and the Monk indifcreetly anfwered, that
ii llie were not cured, he Ihoukl cut oft" his Head. Having
made that .Anfwer, the Monk called us, declaring the Mat-
ter unto us with Tears, intreating us to watch with him
that Night in Prayer, which we did •, and he had a cer-
tain Root, which is called Rhubarb, and he beat it almotl to
Powder, and put it in Watfr, with a little Crucitix which
he had, whereon the Image of our Saviour was advanced,
whereof he reported, that by it he knew whether the Sick
would recover or die ; for if they fhould efcapc, it (luck
to the Breaft of the Sick, as if it were glcwcd •, if other-
wife, it (luck not at all \ and I dill thought that Rhubarb
had been fome holy Relick, which he had brought from
the Holy Land of JerufaUm. And he gave all lick Per-
fons of thatWater to drink, fo that it could not be, but
their Bowels (Ijould be griped with lb bitter a Potion i
which Alteration in their Bowels they accounted a Mira-
tle. Then I told him, he Ihould prepare Ibme of that
Holy Water which is made in the Church of Rome, which
liath great Virtue to expel Devils, becaul'e I underllooil (lie
was vexed of a Devil j and at his Requclt, we made him
fome Holy Water, and he mingled Rhubarb, and put his
Crucifix all the Night long in the Water to ttm\<T it,
I (aid, moreover, that if he were a Pricft, that the Order
ol Priefthood had great Power to expel Devils ; and he
liid, it was very true, and yet he lied, bccaule he had no
Order, nor knew any one Letter ; but was a Weaver, as
1 underttood after, in his Country, when I returned.

The next Morning therefore, I and the Monk, and two
Nejiorian Priefts, went imto the Lady, and (he was in a
little Houfe, behind her greater Hou(e. When we came
in, (lie fat in her Bed, and worfliipped «t!ie Crofs, and liit

NuMi. XL

577

it honourably by her, upon a Cloth oi Silk, and drank of
the Blclled Water with Rhulurb, and waOied her Brealli
and the Monk rcqucfted me to read a Gollitl over lur ■, fo I
read the Pallion of our Lird according to /ciwt atltngthlhe
Wtti chcarcd, and telt lurK If better, and (he caufed four
Jafcots to be brought, which (lie firft laid at the I-ect of
the Crofs, and alter gave them to the Monk, and reached
me one, which I would not receive i then the Monk
llrctchcd forth his Hand, to<jk it, and gave each of the
Priefts one \ fo that at that Time fhe gave forty Marks.
Then (lie caufed Wine to be brought, and gave it the
I'riefts to drink, anil I was forced to drink thrice from her
1 land, in 1 lonour of the Trinity : She began alfo to teach
me the language, jelling with me, becaufc I was filent,
as not having any interpreter.

The next Day again Mitngu-Khan, Hearing that we
came that Way, niade ui come into him, becaufe hp un-
derllood, that the Laily was fomewhat better; and we
found him with a few Servants, taking a fort of Meat
made of Pafte, for conilorting the Head, and the burnt
Shoulder-blailes of a Ram lay before him, and he took
the Crolii in his Hand, but that he worfliipped it, I (aw
not ; ho looked upon it indeed, and afl<ed (bme Quefti-
ons, but I know not what. Then the Monk craved
Leave to carry the Crofs ak)ft, upon a Lance, becaufe I
hadfpokentothc Monk before concerning this, w^ Mangu
Iwered, t.u ry it as you think beft •, then paying our Duty
to him, we went unto the Lady, and we found her ftrong
and chearful, imd Ihe (lill drank of the Holy Water, and
we read the I'.inion over her, and Uiofe mifemble Priefts
never i.iuglit lur the I'aith, nor advjfed her to be bap-
tized i but I (at there mute, nut able to fpeak any thing, yet
(he llill t.iUKht me the I ^inguagc, the Priefts found no fault
with any kind «)l Sorcery \ lor there I faw four Swords
halt drawn out ot the Sheath, one at the Head of the La-
dy's lied, another at the Feet, and two other, on cither
Side of the Door one. I faw alio there one filver Cha-
\kvs of our Chalices, which very probably was taken
out of tome Church in Hungary ^ and it hung againft the
Walls lull of Allies, and upon thofe Aflics there was a black
Stone, and concerning (iich things, the Priefts never teach
them that they are evil i nay, they themfelves do teach
(uch things. We vilited her three Days, fo that ftie was
reftored to perteiH Health ; after that, the Monk made a
Banner lull oi CrolU s and got a Cane as long as a Lance»
and we cairied the Crul's alolt.

I honoured him as my Biftiop, becaufe he could fpeak
the Language, yet he did many things that did not pleafe
me \ tor he caultrd a Chair, which may be folded, to be
made for him, fuch as Uilhops ul<:d to have, and Gloves,
and a Cap of Peacocks leathers, and upon it a little Crolsr
of (iold V I was well pleated with the Crofs. He had
I'cabbcd Feet, which he endeavoured to palliate with Oint-
ments, and was very prefumptuous in Speech ; the Nef-
lorianj alio repeated certain Vcrfes of the Pfalter upon two
Rods, which were joined together, being held by two
Men. The Monk was prefent at fuch Things, and ma-
ny other \'anities appeared in him, which dilpleafed me,-
yet we joined ourlelves to his Society for the Honour of
the Crois, fur we carried the Crofs advanced through all
the Tents linp.ing, I'tsilla Regis prodeunt, &c. Where-
upon the Alokimiitiulans were much dejeded.

44. Prom the Time we came to the Court of Mangit-
Kbnn he rode but two Journeys towards the South, and
trom that time he bei;an to ictui n towards the North, which
was towards Curacariim \ whereon I noted all the Way a
thing ot wliK h Mailer Haldwin of Uannonia had fpoken to
me at CuHjluntiuoplc, that he had feen this only wonderful,
that he always alceiided in poing, and never defcended ;
(or all Rivers came tioiii t!ie Pall to the Weft, cither di-
leiitly or iiuliieCtly, bending tow.uds the South, or the
North, and 1 encjuind of the Priefts which came from Ca-
tlxiya, who tethlied tlu- tame. Fiom the PLice where I found
Mtngu-tiian to Cn/lw.i were twenty D.iys Journey,
going tow.irds the South nnd L'.aft to Oman Kcrule, which
IS the pnipir I uuntry "t .V/w,;//, where the Court of Ziiigit
is, wci-e '.en Days Jwuin-y liylit lull; .ind in thofe Parts of
the F.,ill tlieie w.'is rm City, yet ihtie were People which
are callvd 6'i( Muii/', that is to lav, A/wt// of the Waters,
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7/j^ rOTJGES ami TR A VE L 5

Book I.

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For &U iJ^V«fer. Tlicfc IVopIc live »i|wn Filh and I lunt-
iiij;, lnvinn niitlicr ll(Kk» nor Hcriis. Tow.jnls the North
lilviwik' ihcrr is no City, Init a jhkv IVop'c toaliiig Cattle,
who nrc callai Kirkti \ tlic Oritngiii arc alio then', who
hnil liiKHith filf.i B-'ivn i:i»:( r their I'cet, ami thrull them-
lilve^ (orwanl iip.-n the (iwii'aleil Snow ami Iir with lucli
Swihncfs, that they take Binlsami lk.\\U; ami many other
jxjor Tcojilc tlu re arc on the North-ruic, lb far as tJuy may
(jinaii theniUlvcb for the t'olii ; ami tliey join on the
\Vcll Willi tlie Country ot" /'.'/. J//r, winch i» Hrnigiiry //v
CnaUr, whereof 1 have Ijxiken iK-torc. The Round or
Summit ol the North Corner is not known, for the l-'jttre-
mity of the Cold ; for in that I'latc there arc iontiniul
Mountains df Snow.

I was inqmritive of t!ie Monllers, or monftrous Men,
wherici Ijuiitrus and Solmus make rqwrt i thry told me
they never faw any lilrh, and I tli retore doubt whether it
Ih true or no. All tlieic Nations are jtoor, yet they inurt
fcrs'e in li me Trade, lor it was the Commandment ot
Z.inj^i!, that none ftioiilil Iw free from Service, till he were
fo old, that he loulii lalxuir no longer by any means. Once
I remcn.lxr a lenain Prullof CaiLuiya lat with me cloathcd
in a lid coloured Cloili, and I demamlcd of him whence
he had tiich a Coluur, and he told me, that in the F.all
I'aits ol Cnihaya there were high cragey Rocks, wherein
certain Creatiirf; dwill, having in all Parts the Shajic of
Men i Init that they Ijow not the Knees, but leap inlfead
of walking;, which are not above one Cubit long, arid their
whole Bixly is covered with I lair, who have their AlKnle
in Caves, winch no Man can come unto, and they who hunt
them, go to them, and carry ftrcn^ Drii.k with them, an I
make Fits in the Rocks like NVt ll.s, which they till with that
flrung Drink ; fcr Caibaya hitherto has had no Wine, the'
row they begin to plant Vincyar^ls i but the llrong Liquor
bcforemeiitiuncd is made of Rice. The Hunters hide them-
fdves, and then tJiti'e Creatures come out of their Holes
ami talk t!ic Diir.k, and cry, Chiii-Lliini on this they
Come toj^'-iher in j^rtai Multituiles, and tlnnk till they are
made dnmk, fo that tiny flccp there. Then the Hunters
come ami bind them Hand and Feet, while they are lleej)-
ir-p, and afterwards o[xrn the V'ems in their Neck, and draw
foah thn-e or four Drops of BIcxxl from every one, and let
them i;o Ire?, and tiiat Bkxxi, as he told me, is the moil
j)!tcious Fu.-ple.

He told us alio as a Truth, (which, however, I ilo not
IxIkvc tlMt there is a Frovjnce bt yond C<a//>tfvj,int<i which,
at whatevtr Aye a Man enters, he contimieth in the lame
Age wherein he enteral. Catbaya is on the Ocean, ami the
Cioldfmith fo often mentioned, told me, that there arrived
McfTcngers from a certain People which are tailed Tame
an ! \fjiiff, who inhabit Illands, the Sea of which is frozen
m the Winter, fo that the Tartan may invade them, who
offered t.vo thouiaiid Tueinen or Jalcots yearly, fo they
Would let th'.m live in Peace. I'uemen is a Piece of Mo-
ney conta.nir.^ ten Mark-.. 1 he common Money of Cataya
is Paper made like PalUixiard, the Breadth and length of
an H.ind, ujion which ili v imprint Lines hke the Seal of
iA'>-K-, (iiey write witli a IViiril, like that with which
P.iir,t;.rs juim, and in one l-i[jure they niake many letters
con. prt herding one Word. 1 Iv People of Ihilxt write
as we vlo, an.; they havr Characters very like ours. I hty
ci 'l.-.r.)rut write from the right Hand to the left, as the
/fn/'umi do, and multiply the Lir.es attending upwarils ;
the Jir^ura, as 1 laid kfore, from alxive to the Bottom ol
the Line. The rommon Money of the Ruienians arc little
fp.tted and grilled Skias. When we came with the Monk,
lie ch.iri:ably admonilhedus toabllainfrom Melh, and that
our Servanti Ihould eat Fleili with his Servants •, but he
would pr(.niile us Meal, and Oil, or Butter, which we did,
though it mutii gnevcd my Companion by realim of hi^
WnkncN i wherefore our Food wa^ Millet ami Butter, or
Pa!k- boiled in Water, with Butter, or lour Milk, and
unleaveiiet) Bread baked on Oxdung, or Horle-dung.

4 ■;. When our tli^uiitfia^^f/tma came, winch is the /.<•«/
Time of all thi- IVoplc of the I'jil, t!i,- irrcat lady Cola,
with all her Comp.iny, tailed tliat \Vtek,\sho c.^me evoiy
I3ay to our Oratory, ami gave M.at to the Pnclls, and
other Chriflums, ot whom a great Multitude tlotked thither
Iht fiift Week to hear their Duty, and llic gavq tnc aiid

my Comp.tnion cac h a Coat and Breeches of grey SuntD.
furred with aiarfe Hair, Ixcaule my Companion comT!'
Til much of the Weight ot his Skuis, which I rccnvailof
his lake, cxculing myfclf neverrhelels, that I would m
wear luch Cbatlis j I g.ivc to my Interpreter whatbcbecd
to me. Then the Porten of the Court feeing that liidij
Multitude came daily to the Church, which wm within
the Bounds of the Keepers of the Court i they fcntonr of
their Attend.mts to the Monk, to let him know, tliattlnv
winild not have fuch a Multitude come within the Pitcincu
of the Court J to this the Monk roughly anfwcreil, tbi h.
woukl know whether they commamltd this fromA&iif,!
KImih, and he addcil certain Sixrechcs, as if he would ac'-
cufe then) to Mangu-Kban ; but they preventing him, ac,
culixl him iKtorc Mangu, that he was too full uf Wonk
and that he gathered together too great a Multitude to hau
him t|)eak.

Afterwartis being railed to the Court, we came in btfor?
the Khan himfcif, who having the Ijurm Shoulilcr-blj.ic ot
a Ram in his I land, looked upon it, as it were, rtaJingit,
began to n'provc the Monk feverely, telling him, that Iccmi'
he W.U a holy Man, he fliould pray unto God, and aikccwhy
he fpoke fb much with Men ? but I flood lieluiid with mv
Headbarc. Then the Ai&dnfaidtohim, Whydullthounot;'.:!
olVthy Cap when thou comell bcforeme, as that hcHK duth?
and commanded mc to be called nearer : Then the Mork b;-
much alalcd, jxit off his Cap contrary to the Cullom of the
(jrteh and jlrmenians, and whin Khan hinifelf had I'pcktn
(harply to him, we went out v the Monk then delivered m:
the Lrofs to bear to the Oratory, bciauli: he could not carry
it for Shame. After a few Days he was reconciled to him,
promiting that he would go to the Pope, .md tlut he would
bring all the Nations of the Well to his Obedience.
Whereujxin he returning to the Oratory, after thwCba-
terencc had with the KJbuH, Ixgan to enquire of me touch'
ing the Pojic, if I believed he would lire him, if hccanie
unto him in the Behalf of Mangu, and if he would furniili
him with Florfcs unto Saint jtima in Gnluia, He de-
manded alfu of your Majclly, if I thought you wouki lend
your Son unto Mangu f Tlien I counlclled him, th« he
Ihould ukc heed that he did not proinifc 1 alfhoods to
AJangu, bccaufc the laf\ F'.rror would Ix: worfe than th:
firit, and that God needeth not our Lies, or that wc ihouU
f(xak deceitfully for him.

At that time there orofc a certain Quillion betwitnt.!!:
Monk and a Priell, a learned Man, whuk Father wis ji
Archdeacon, and the other Priells accounted him an .Arcs-
deacon. For the Monk laid, that Man was creatftl ixlor;
Paradile, and that the Scripture laid fo •, then was 1 cauol
to be an Arbitrator of the Qucftion, but 1 iKingir.o.x;
that they contendeil about this, anlwertJ, I'.M Pn-;!o
was made tijion Tuefday, wlmi the other Tree; were iT'.uie,
and that Man was made the li.xth Day. Then th: Mjak
Ixrgan to lay, did not the Devil bring I'arth tlie lirlt Diy
from the four I'artsof the WorM, and making Clay, ra^
the Body of Man therewith, and (iod inl'pircd his Sou.
Ihcn hearing tliLs Herely of the Monk, and that be U
pubhckly and Ihamefully recited it, 1 reproved himlharply,
laying, he fhould put his F'ingfr upn his Mouth, becadc
he knew not the Scriptures, and tlut he fhould takcncid
what he laid •, and he began to Icorii me, btcaulc 1 *«
ignorant of the 1 angiiage. .^

I tleparted therefore from him, going to our 1 Wci ;•
tell out afterwards, that he and the Prieils w^nt n IW.-
fion to the Court without calling me, bccaulc the Mon-
would no longer fjieak to mc as he was wont i w.hent.W-
fore they came before Manf^u, he earndlly^.cmwue.
where 1 was, and why I came not with them, w
I'riefls iK-ing afraid, excufed themlelvts, but. rtwr^r
th.y told me the V\ ords of Mim^u, and munaiiru, i. -
Monk. After this, the Monk was recoiicil'jd to in:, j,
I to him, intrcating him, that he would '>f'P'^";*^"'''
l^ancuape, ami 1 would help him in the H'J.y •^''^i*';;,,
}-.r"a Hrodcr U'al u hoipcn of .i BroibiU '^^'f^^-^
Liiy. Alter the Hrll Week ot Fallm?, the 1^J!''■^;
to come unto the (Jratory, and :o give M^at fJ ^' .
I wl.irh we v.ere wont to have ; fcr the Munk lu:.^re|ii ^•
to l)e brought, laymK, th.it Mutton-!ai, or buit. I -^
in tlie .Sauce . anvl <.hr gave no O.l, but very i^U'-'^V^,

Chap. II.

of William d e R u b ii u o u i s.

579

that we h«l notlwng Init brown Brcail anil I'alle, lulled in
Water, tho' we hail no Wattr but of liilVolved Snow, or
Ice, which was exceeding bail. Ikly Companion licgan to
be much grieved, fo I acquainted David, tlu- Sciioolmallcr
of the Khan's eldelt Son, with our Neccllity, who made
Rctxjrt thereof to the Kiun, and he commamlcd to give us
Wine, Flower, and Oil.

Neither the Neftorianj or Armenians cat Fi(h by any
means in Lent \ but the Monk had a Lhcll by him under
the Altar, with Almonds and Raifins, and dried Prunes,
ami many other Fruits, which he cat all the Day, when-
ever he was alone. \Vc eat once a Day, and that in great
Afflii'tion ', tor as loon as they knew that Mangii liad given
us Wine, moll impudently they came in u\ton us like Dogs,
both the Ntftorian I'riclls, who were drunk all the Day in
the Court, and the Moals alfo, and the Servants of the
Monk. The Monk alio, when any came unto him to
whom he would give Drink, he fent to us for Wine •, fo that
the Wine caufed us more Trouble than Comfort, lx;caulc
we could not deny it without Olfence. If we gave, we
wanted ourfelves ; nor durft we, that being fpent, defire
any mori from the Court.

46. About the Middle of Lent the French Goidfmith's
Son came, bringing with him a Silver Crofs made after tlie
Frenci) Falhion, having the Image of Chrijl all of Silver
falfciud upon it at the lop, which the Monks and Priells
feeing, put it away. This Crofs he was to prefent in the
Iknilf of his Mailer to Bulgiii, who was the chief Secre-
U7 of the Court, which when I heard I was offended.
The lame young Man alio declared to Mangu-Khan, that
the Work, which he had commanded to be made, was
finilhed, which Work I dcfcribcd unto you. Mangu hath
at Caracarum a great Court hard by the Walls of the City,
endofed with a Brick Wall, as the Priories of Monks arc
encloled with us. In that Court there is a great Palace,
wherein he held his Fcalls twice a "\'c,ir, once in Enjhr,
when he pafleth that Way, and once in -Summer, when he
returneth ; but the latter is the greater, becaufe then all the
Nobles meet together at his Court, and then lie gives unto
them Garments, and Ihcws all his MagiiifReiice. There
are many other Iloufes there as laigc as our Farms,
wherein his Viftuals and Treafures arc llored. In the F.n-
trance of that great Place, becaufe ii was indecent to have
liaggons going about, as in a Tavern •, Killiiim tlie Gold-
fniith made him a great Silver Tree, at the Root whereof
were four Silver lions, having one Piix; fending forth pure
Ciw'i, Milk 1 and the four Pipes were conveyed within the
Ire unto the Fop thereof, whofe Top fpread back again
i: iwnward, and upon every one of them was a Golden
.^ti|)cnt, whole Tails twine about the Tree ; and one of
tluie l'if)es run with Wine-, another with Caracofmos, that
1', clariticd Whey j another with Ball, that is, Drink made
1)1 Huiiey ; another with Drink made ot Rice, called Tera-
(tna ; and every Drink had a Veffel prepared of Silver at
the Foot of tlie Tree to receive it. Between thefe four
I'lpes, at thi Fop he made an Angel holding a Trumpet-,
a.i.i under the Tree he made an hollow Vault, wherein a
M.1I1 niit;l;t be hid, and a Pipe afcending up the Heart of
t'lL' free ui.to the Angel. FIc firll made Bellows, but they
pive not Wind enough. Without the Palace there is a
Ch.imbcr, wherein the Liquors were laid, and there were
St-rwints rc.idy to pour it out when tlicy heard the Angel
fiimiding tiie 'Frumpet; and the Boiiylis of the Tree are of
I?ilvcr, and fu are the Leaves and Pears that are on it ;
when therefore they want Drink, tlio Butler commands the
Angel to found the Trumpet, he wiio is hid in the Vault,
hearing. Mows the Pipe llrongly, wliich alcending to the
Angel, he lets his Trumi)et to his Mouth, and the Trumi^t
foiindctli very fluill 1 then the Servants hearing, which arc
111 tlie Clumber, iwiir Liquor into the pioperl^ipe, and the
Fij'cs iK>ur it from above, and they air rcnived below into
Vtilrls prepared for that Purpole. 'I'hcii the Butleis draw
'lifni, and carry thcni through the Palace to Men and
^Vonicn.

The Palace is like a Church, luving the middle Iflc and
t le two Sides beyond two Rows ot Pillars, and tiirce
f'atts on the .South -, before tlie middle Gate Hands the
'rce, and. ihe Khun himfeit fits 111 the North Front on an
"'gh Place, that he may be Itwn ot all i and there are two

Flights of Steps afi ending to him \ by one he that carries
the Cup goi» unto him , and by the other he comes
down. I'he Sjwce which is in the Middle, between the
1 ree and the Steps by which they afccnd, is voidi for there
Hands he that waits on his Cup, and the Melfengerj which
bring Prelents, the Khm fitting there above like a God.
On the right Side, towards the Well, arc the Men, on
the lett Women \ lor the Pal.ice ftretehed out in Length
from North to South : on the Right-fide are Places full of
Seats, on which his Sons and Bretheren fit \ on the Left-
fide are the like, where hisWives and D.iughtcrs fit, one Wo-
man only fits above by him, but not fo high as he. Whea
thcrelore he had heard that the Work was finilhed, he
commanded the chief Workman to fet it up in iu
Place and make it fit.

Aliout Pajfm SunJiiy, he went before with his fmall
Houles, leaving his greater Moul'es behind, and the
Monk and we followed him ; and he fent us another
Bottle of Wine. 'Fhe Khan, in his March, palTed be-
tween the hilly Countries, where there was great Wind,
and extreme cold, and there fell a great Snow ; whereupon
he fent about Midnight to the Monk and us, entreating
us to pray unto Goil, that he would mitigate the Wind and
Cold, becaufe all the Beafts which were in the Train were
in Jeopardy v efpecially becaufe all that Time they were
with Young, and ready to bring forth. Then the Monk
fent him Incenfe, requiring him to put it upon the Coals,
and offer it to God, which whether he did, I know not ;
but the Tempell cealid, which had continued two Days.

On Palm-Sunday we were near Caracarum, in the Dawn-
ing of the D.iy, we bleflcd the Willow-lx)ughs, whereon,
as yet, there appeared no Budd ; and alxjut Nine we en-
tered the City, canying the Crofs aloft, with the Banner,
pairing through the Middle of the Street of the Saracens,
where the Market and Fair are, to the Church, and the
Nejlorians met us in ProcelTion ; and entering into the
Church, we found them prepared to celebrate the Mais }
which being celebrated, they all communicated ; and they
alkcd we whether I would communicate ? I anfwered, that
I liad drank before, and the Sacrament Ihould not be re-
ceived but falling. Mafs being laid, it was Evening,
and Mailer H^iliiam the Goldfmith, brought us with Joy
to his Inn to fup with him. He had a Wife wlio was the
Daughter oi Alobammeden Parents, though born in Hungary
herlelf, who could fpeak French, and the Language of Cc-
mania. We found alfo there oneother Man, called A j^/;W,
the Son of an Englifljman, born in Hungary, who alio was
fkilful in the fame Languages. Supper being ended, tliey
brought us to our Cottage, which the Tartars had ap-
jxiinted in a certain Plat of Ground near the Church, with
the Oratory of the Monk.

On the next Morning the Khan himfelf entered into his
Palace, and the Monk, and I, and the Priells, went to
him •, they fulYcred not ray Companion to go, becaufe ho
Humbled on the Thrcfliold. 1 much deliberated with
mylelf what I fliould do, whether I Ihould go or no ; and,
fearing Offence, if I Ihould depart from other Chriftians,
and becaufe it plcafed Jiim, and fearing left that Good
might be hindered, which I hoped to obtain, I chofe ra-
ther to go, though I faw their Adlions full of Idolatry
and Sorcery ; nor did I any other Thing there but pray foe
the whole ChurcJt with a loud Voice, and alfo for the
Khan himfelf, that GOD would diredl him to the Way of
eternal Salvation. We therefore went into the Court,
which was very nead, for in the Summer Rivers arc-
conveyed into evtry Place, whereby it is watered. Af-
ter this we entered into the Palace full of Men and Wo-
men, and ftood before the Khan, h.aving the aforcr.iiil
I'ree at our Backs, whicli, with the VelTels thereof, took up
a great Part of the Palace. I'he Priells brought two iittkr
Loaves and F'ruit in an earthen Difh, which they prefenteJ
unto him, blelTing them, and the Butler biouu.'ir them to
him, fitting above on a very high Place, and lie prefenrly
liegantoeat one of the Loaves, and fent the orhcr to 'ns
SonandayoungerBrotherof his.who was brought up oy a
Neftorian, and knew the (jofpel, who alfo fent lor my Bible
that he might fee it. After the Priells, the Monk laid !iis
Prayer, and I after the Monk ; then he promilid that the
next Day he would come unto the Church, which is craic

enough

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580

7k FOTAGES and T RAVELS Bookl.

rnough am! Wr, am! all the Criling ahovf was covcrctl
with Silk wrought with CoKI: Tin- nrxt Day he lieiwrt-
cil, ilrfirinR the I'nclU to nuilc him, that he liurft not
come to the Church, beuuli he umierftooil the Dead were
cirrieil thithrr : But we ami the Monk remainiil at Qtra-
tjrum anil the other Fnills ot tiic Court, that wc might
cciibrate Lijhr there.

4-. Tlir YtaA ot F.ttfttr w.« now ilr.iwing near, anil
we hail nut our VrflmentSi and 1 likcwile conlulercd the
Manner how ihcNtftortam maile the Sacramrntal Bread, and
was much trouhled what 1 fhould do, whether I rtiouKl re-
ceive the Sarraimtit from them, cr Ihould celcliratc in
thrir Vellmtnts and Chalire, and wyow thrir Altar, or
IhoiiK! altogcilwr alilbin trom the S.urinient. I here was
a grrut Miiltituiii' ul ChiiJl;aHi \ l!u>ii(,irt,]ns, ^-llaits, Jiu-
tftiuim, Cfcrgians, and /Irmfiitaiii, all whuhh.id not (een
the Sicramciu finie tlicy wrrc taken Pritoners Ixcaule the
Nifiorians wouK! not admit them into their Church, iinlels
they Wire laptiri-.i by thein, a^ thry laid •, yrt they made
no mention ol that to tis and ilxy offered their Sacra-
nicnt Irrely to ns anil insile me Itand in the IXKir of tlif
Choir, that I nupht Kt th'ir Manner ot Coid'rcration. On
the Vu;il of t'utflcr I iliKvl by tin- K(«mt, that 1 might
iee their Muunr of baj ti/.inp. I'hey fay they hive of
tlic Omtmtr.t wlrriwiih .W.'nr MAf^dtUmi anointed the
Feet ol our Ixjrd •, and tlicy pour in as much ai ihey
tliink ht ot tli.it Oil, viitli wduh tiny knead their Briaii \
for ill tiK IVopIe ol ili<- I .ill inn t.it in their Hrrad tnllead
of IxTAvrn, wiiiil) lit i> Butler, or Suet ovit ot a Shir|>'i
Tail, or 0.1.

Thiy fay alM, t'ley have of the Flour of whirli the
Rrcail was made, wlmh the li)Rn ronleiratcd, and al-
ways add ainuK li trdh .1, the (^lantity of the Hour thry
lay afide ; ai.d t!uy luvc aCliamber, hard by their t hoir,
and an Ovrn, where tliey l\ike the Bread, which they next
confecrate \Mth f/,rrat Reverence. They therefore make
one lioaf of an 1 land's- breadth, with the belore-iiienlioned
Oil, which they firft break into twelve Pieces, according
to the Numlur of the Aj^oftles, and after divide tiiolc
Pieces ;icturi!ing to the Multitixlc of the People, and the
Prttlh give the Body ot Christ to every one in his
Hani i and then every one uketh it out of the Palm ot
his Hand with Reverence, and Ihetilieth his Hand to the
Toj) of hii Hcai!. 1 he Chrillians I mentioned before,
and the Monks, very earnetUy entreated us, for (iod's
Sake, tliat we would cdcbratr. Ilien I made them be
ConfelTtd by an Intrrprtttr as I could, reckoning the tcr.
Commandments, and the liven deadly Sins, and other
Things, for which every Man o\ight to be p'nitent and
confeflrd ; all of them jxiblickly excufed therafrlves, con-
cerning 'I'helt, liying, that VMtlu/iit Theft they could not
live, becaufc their MalUrs provided them neitiier Foixl
nor Rayment. 1 hen confuiering that they liad taken
away their I'erfor.s .im! their Sublfaiue witfiout jult Caule,
I laid unto them, that they might lawfully take NetetTa-
ries of the Goods of their Malter«, and 1 was ready to
maintain it to the Face of Mangu Kban.

Some < f them .nlfo were Soldicn, who txcufed fhem-
felves, tliat they mult go to tlie Wars, or elfe they (hould be
(lain : I faihad tliem to go agninrt the Cfirillians, and that
they fhouKl not hun them, and that they ftiould rather fiiffer
ihemfelves to lie P.ain, for fo they (hould become Martyrs.
And 1 laid, that if any would accufe mc ot this Dodtrinc
before Mufij^u-Khan, 1 would fie ready to preach the fame
in his hearingi for the Neftorians thenifeivcs ot the Court
were prtlrni when 1 taui;ht this, of whom 1 was fulpi( i-
ous they might report ill of us. Then MalUr lytltiam the
Goldfmith, caufed an Iron to be made tor ui to make
Hotls -, and ht had certain Vctlmcntt which he had maiic
for hiinfclf, tor he had lome Knowledge in Learning, and
oflkiatcd as a Clerk. He caufed the Image of the BItllcd
Virg.n Mary to be graven after the Frtncb Falhion, and
engravcil the Flillory of the Gofpcl very fair •, and made
a liJvcr Box to lay up the Body of Christ, and the
Relicks in ccruin little Holes curioully wrought in the
bide of the Ikix.

I le made alfo a certain Oratory upon a Chariot, very
lairly painted with Scripture Hiftoriej 1 I therefore took hii
V'cllmcnf. ;:• J blcircd tlirm i and wc iiudc Holb alter

our imnner very fair: And the N^fi^n, ,(Ilgnd me
their Fount lor Baptilm And ek.r Patnarch (?nt them
fromA»/dWr* a fqxiare Hide like a iwrtable Altar made »uh
Chrilm, whiih they ufc inftead of confccratnl Stent.
theretorc I celebrated on the Day of the Lord'j-Suitw'
in their filvcr Chalice and Difh, w.hjch were vm ami
Veffcls. I did the like alio on Eaft^rlty, and wta™
municated the People with the BlefTing of (Jod, »s I Imj,,
but they baptiwd in the \'igil of F.tifin more 'than thret-'
fcorc Perlons very orderly. The re was gnat Joy for ihil
generally among all Chiiliians.

48. Alter this, it happrntil that Martrr lyillim the
Goldlmith was grievoully lick, and when he wu upon re-
rovcry, the Monk vifitmg hnn, gave him Rhubarb to
drink, fo tliat he had al moll killed hini. 1 hen riliting
him when I found him fo ill, I afked him what hchadeu
nr drank ? And he told me the Monk h.ul givtn him the
Potion, and he drunk two little Dilliis full, thinking it had
lx.-en I loly Wattr. Then I went to the Monk, andfiiJ
to iiim, either go as an Apollle, doing Miracles indttd
by Virtue of Prayer and t'le 1 loly (llioft, orasa Phylician,
.iiTording tn till- Art of Mcilicine ; you ijivf a lltong
l\)tion of l'!iyr:c\ to drink to Men not prrparci!, u il it
were an inniKcnt Thing •, for which ym will incur a fail
•Scandal, if it come fotiic Kn)wk\lgj <if .Men. Fromthit
Time he began to fear and to f)c weiry ut him.

It hai>peiicd at that Time, th.it t!.c IVidf toowosfick,
who was as it wire the Archiliacon of the rill, uidhij
Irieiidi lent fur .1 certa.ii SiTiian, w!iij was a .Sooth'ayrr,
who faid unto the 111, a ^c t:i;n Icui Man, who ncithtrcat-
eth or drinkrth, nor fl-i ps in a UvJ, is angry with him j
it he can obtain his '.lld'lng, he may retuveri thcnt^'.fj
underflixxl it was the Monk, aiul alxnit MUnight, tht
Prief\'s Wife, Ins Siller, ;'.iiil lib Son c.inic, nitrtaimg
that he would cotne dwd bids lii.iii tluy alfy railed u i;p
to intrrcerd with flic Monk, who aniwercj usujonthii
Occalion, 1 rt him alone, bcc.uilc he, with three oihm,
who likewife took evil Courlcs, coiil'uluii to gu to :(i:
Court, to prov ore Manf^u-Kban, tliat 1 .iiui yoii, lbi:IJ
be cxpel'M trom tl.tlc Parts 1 for there .uofc a Cortrr.txn
arioi.^ '.em, becaule Afangu and his NN'iVis ftiit four Jaf-
cots, .-.11(1 Pieces ot .Silk, upon Lijhr I'.ve, to tlif Med
and Piieils, to difhibuie among tluin, and the Mork
had kept unto hiniklt one Jaliot for his Part, anJof ilic
other three one was counterfeit, lor it w.as Copper. The
Priells thouglit theretorc that the Monk had kept too
great a Share to himlcif, wncnce (it might be) iha: they
had fome Words among themltlvts, which were rcpoitpi
to the Monk.

When Day came, I went to the Priell, who kiln-
tream Pain in Ins Side, and I'pit IjIuoiI, w.'if';; I
thought it was an Imiwllumc ; then 1 advilird him, that
if he had any thing that was anoihei'i to rcdureiti heliid
he had nothing. I lj)oke unto liim alio ot the SacraiT,tr.t
of F.xtream L'm'tion 1 who aniwerei!, wc hive no W
Cullom, neither do our Prielli know how tu do if, 1-|-
treat you, that y>iu would do it tor me, as you know Wi.
I advifed Inin alfo, concerning ConfclT.on, whidi thfy
frequent not ; and he !| ake a little in the Far of a "^3
Prielt, one of his Companions. Alter this, hegrewW-
tcr, and iiitreated me to go for the Monk, fo I went, tci
the Monk would not come at lirll ; but when he hcaru|f:
was Ibmewhat better, he went with his Crofs, and U*>
went, and carried the Body of Chrift, which I had rtlerv-
cd ui>on Eajler IXn, at the Intreaty of Midct If '■ii«'''
then ;he Monk began to kick him with his Icct, and M
moll humbly embraced In-. Feet ; then 1 laid ii«o W,
it is the Cullom ot the Cluiirh ot A'v«''. .'!'>.' In f
Ihould receive
lion for their Journey, ami a i^'cii-ui.t uj^...... --^ ,

lick M". '

e the Bixly ot ChriU, a^ it is the bell ?««'
Journey, and a Defence againll all I'l' i^;

ccits of the Fnemy -, tiiniin- next to the "« *1".

liiid, BehoU the Houi t/Umt, xhui ' '^»f'^*"i^'^^

ter i3ay, yju mujl b( ,otifrj!..i, ami dfjired U.

Then Cud

he, wi'tl/rgu'it Faith'!'"/ d/ire 11' wlb all lOJ^''"''
which when I had oHered to hun, he with great AH

— - IXBf

; AffcC'tl""'

laid, lbtltrjctt.>ttb,'. IS my Creator, ""-^ '"y ^''"''^j^u
gave me Life, and mil te/h'f il u^r.m u:i:: m( 1, '^^ ^^
in tin ^ntfral Helurnciion , and lu '""'^"'^ '"".■' ,i,j
Chrill Aiotii mvHaiid) iiuJc altLT tkAU' '

my 1 land J iiiaa-

■i

Chap. II. of W I M, I A M D K R U M R U Q U I s.

SS'

' .11. .. \

Churili of Rmt \ the Monk rlirn ftayeil with him and
cave him, in my Abllncr, I know not w'',it I'otiom.

Ihc mxt Day he began ti) have' thi- iMnys ot Death
upon himij then takmg their Oil which thiy Ciui w.is Holy,
I anointed him according to the manner ot the (lunch oK
A'«M/,as they entreated inc. I lud none ol our Oil, Ix-caiile
thel'rielUoJ ^artacb kci)t it all. When wc fliould have
fung a Dirge, and I would have been juiUntat Ins F.nd,
the Monk fent to me, bidding mc dejurt, l)eiauli, it I
were prtfent, I could not coiiu" into the I loufeot Mangu-
fihtn tor one whole Year-, whuii, when I lud toM hu
Ineiuls, they faid it was true, and defired me to depart,
kit I niijjht bi' hindereil in that (lootl which I mij!;hi
promote. As foon as he was dead, the Monk laid unto
me, iVtirr mtnd ii^ I have kilttd tim with tm I'mytrs \
this Man only was learned, and oppofed l^imfilf a^.unjl us,
iki rijl know nothinr : Iloicefortb Wlwg,u-K\\.in limjfl/,
t»d ihey all will couih al our Feel. Then he dcelareit un-
to nic the before-mentioned AnCwer of the Scjothfaytr •,
which, not biiieving it, I enquired of the Priefts who wire
Fnemii of the Deiealld, whether it were true or no, wiio
faid it was ; but whether lie was pre-inllruftid or not,
that thry knew not.

Alttiwards I found that the Monk called the Sooth-
faycr and his Wife into his Chapel, and caulird Dull to
be fitted for him to divine to him, for he had a ccrt.iin
Hkienian Deacon who divined to him •, wliicii, wlicn 1
uniJcrllood, I was amazed at his FooHninefs, and I'aiil to
him, Brother, a Man full of the 1 loly (iiioll, which
tcachith all Things, Ihould not demand Anlwetsor Coun-
fcls Iroin Soothfayers, feeing all fueh Things are forbid-
den , and they are excommunicated wlio follow fuch
Things. Then he began to excufe hiinfelf, th.it it was not
true tliat he fought alter futh Things -, but I would not
dcprt from him, iKcaufe I was placed there by tlu- Com-
nuiidment of the Kban himfeir, nor could 1 remove- with-
out his fpecial Command.

4y. As to the City of Caracarum, your 1 lighnefs may
U' pleafcd to know this \ that, excluding the Palace of the
Khan himfelf, it is not fo good as the Callle of 67. Dennis,
K;:d the Monaftary of St. Dennis is worth ten Tinics
that Palace, and more too, There are two Sticet ■ thtrc,
one of the Saracens or Aiebammedans, wlicre the Fairs arc
kept, and many Merchants refort thither, by rralun of the
Court which is always near, and for the Number of Em-
baii'adors. There is another of the Cniktians, \v!it) are all
Artificers. Without thole Streets there arc great Palaces,
which are the Courts of the Secretaries -, there arc there
twelve kinds of Idolaters of divers Nations, two Moliiurs,
wlicrc the Law of Mohammed is proclaimed, and one Church
of the Chrillians at the F.nd of tli-' Town. The Town
is indofed with a Mud-wall, and hath four Gates •, on tiie
Eall Part Millet and other Grain is Ibid, which, as yet, is
ftklum brought thither ; on the Welt Sheep and Goats, on
the South Oxen and Waggons are fold ; and on the North
Horfcs.

Following the Court, we caine thither on the Sunday bc-
furcthe/^ct7jf««} the next Day after we were called before
Buliiti, who is their Juftice and chief Secretary j both the
Monk and all his Family, and we and all the Mcllengers
an.' Strangers hkcwife who frequented tiic Houle of tlie
Monk, and wc were calleil before Bulgai llverally, full the
Monk, and after us, and they began diligently to enquire
whence we were, and for what Purpole wc came, and what
our Errand was? and this Enquiry was made bccaulc is w.is
told Mangu-Kbany that four hundred Aflaflinei or lecrec
Murderers, were gone forth in divers Habits to kill
hin). About that Time the Kban'& Lady was rellored to
Hfalth, and Ihc fent for the Monk, and he not willing
to go, anfwcrcd, Ihe hath fent for Molaters about her, let
thcni cure her if they can, I will go no more.

Upon Afcenfion F.vc, wc were in all the Moufe nt
iiiigu-Khan : And I law as often as he was to drink,
ihty caft Cofmos to their Idols of I-elt -, then I faid to tiie
Monk, H'-tat Felhivjhip bath Cir:Ji Kitb Belial ? IVhat
Port hath our Crofs with thcj'e Idols ? Ahwi^H-Kbun hath
fight Brethren, three by the Mother, and live by the I'a-
thcr. One of them, of his Mother's Side, he fent into
the Country of y/JJnJi/us, who arc called by them Mulibct,

and he n.inded him to kill them all. Another went
to P.trj, now entered fix-rein to go, as iv thoutiht,

inivj /*( u tlie/r to lifnd .irmivi to lialdin I and f(H

Jlacius. Om thf oi .c»» hfi fe ^ into Cubaiii again:l Ibme
that rebelled His yi-iMnf^clf •• other ot the fame Veiiifi,
he kept hin- It, wijole Na was /hiihucba, who hokli
his Moflicr't ourt, who w., a c/uittiaii, wJioic Servant
MalU-r //'////rtwi h i foronpni hcUir.thf • t'u; l-'atlui'
Skit took hiin in a certain City eulU ' , Ji, wIwf .
tlurc was a Norman Hilhoii, of L.'.l . mar Rp' -I
with a Nephew of tiie Uilliop's,whoni 1 viiiercat Q, «^
carum, and he gave Mailer lyUlntm to . ^ngu\ Moth . ,■,
becanlc Ihe was delirous to have him. li a *hcn the was
dead. Mailer K'illum tame back again to Arahmba, Widi
all Tilings til".' pertaining to the Court of his Mother i
and Iruiii luni he tame to the Knowledge lA' Mangu-Kbaii,
who on linidiingof the aforefaid Work, pave unto Mailer
ll'il.'iam one liumlred Jaleots, that is, a tlioufand Marks.

On the Lve of the Jfien/iou, Miingu-Kban faid, he
would j;o to his Mother's Court and vilit her, and the
Monk l.iiil he would go with him, and gave his Blelfing
to ins Motiier, with which Khan was well contented. In
the I'.veiiing of the Day of the ^fienfion, the aforefaid
Lady w.is very ill, and the Chief ot the Soothfayers lent
to the Monk, tommanding him that the Table Ihould not
be Imitten. On the Morrow, when the whole Court re-
moved, the Court of the Lady remained flill, and when
we tame to tiic Place where the Court (hould ft.iy, the
Monk was coinmandeil to depart farther from the Court
than he w.is wont, which he didi then .Irabucha nut his
Hiother the Khan ; So the Monk and we, feeing that he
was to pals by us, met him with the Crofs •, and he (ailing
us to mind, becaufe Ibmetimcs he h.id been at our Oratory,
llretchiiig tcrth his Hand made a Crofs unto us like a Bi-
fliop ; tlien the Monk taking Horfe followed him, bearing
CL'rt.iin Fruits •, but he alighted before his Erotiier's
Court, waiting while he came from hunting : The Monk
alighted there alfo, and offered him tlie Fruit, which he re-
ceived 1 and hard by him fat two Saracim of the Nobi-
lity of the Court of Khan ; but ylrahmba uiulcrftaiidiiig of
the t ontenticn between the Chrillians and the Saracens^
iiiquiKdot the Monk if he knew thclc Saracens, and he
aiifweret!, / know they are Dogs, wLy have yoti them fo
near you ? But they replied, why, fay they, do you
Wrong to us when wc do none to you ? To whom the
Monk faid, I fpcak the Truth, and ye and your Moham-
me J, are vile Dogs : Then they began to blafpheme
Christ, but/brabucha forbad them, Ciying, fpeak not
fo bl.ifpiicinouny, for wc know that the Messiah is God.
That very Hour there arofe a great Wind over all the
Street, and after a while, there came a Rumour that the
Lady was dead.

The next Morning the Khan returned towards the
Court another Way, for this is a Rule amonglt them, that
tlicy never return the fame Way they come. While the
Couit remained here, none dare pals that Way (neither
Horle-nian nor Foot-man) where the Court flayed, fo \: ng
as any Shew of the Fire made there remaineth. That
Day certain Saracens kept Company with the Monk, iip-
pon the Way, provoking him, and difputing with him,
and when he could not defend himfelf with Argument,
and they marie light of him, he would have lalhed them
with the Whip which he held in his 1 land, and he wert
fo far that his Words were reported at the Court, anil wc
were commanded to depart to the fame Place with othir
Mcirengcrs, and not to abide before the Court as we were
wont. I hitherto always hoped the Kingof //rwcww wcu'd
come. There came fome about Eajier from Bohc, where
thole Germans are, for whofc Sake chiefly I went thitiier,
who told me, that the Butch Pricft lliould come to Court i
therefore I moved no Queftions to Mangu concerning our
Stay or Departure ; for at the Beginning, he gave us Leave
to Hay two Months, and now five Months were palt. Ti:i:i
was done about the End of Alay, and wc had continued
there all February, March, ^Ipril, and May ; but hearing no
News of the King or the laid Priclt, and fearing kit
we fliouId return in rhe Winter, the Sharpncls of which
we had experienced, I caufed it to he demanded of Mon-
gU'Khau, what his Plealurc was concerning us, becaufe we
7 I would

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5'^^

7/v /'OrjCES and TRJJ'El.S

XhoVi

wotiM Ihy ilirrr, if lb he |>Ir4Uil, or il we mull rrturn, ii Whrrcforc hr wnuM x\x\. ye all romr tni^thrr, ird ^i, .
wcro rafnT lor in I" rrturn in.Sumimr, dun m tin.' NViiii<r. C<im|Mrilon tluf tvrry oiu write- lii<i NVnul,, thjc h( r '
He prtlcnfly !•»« tu iw, lomniiiuiui^; tlut I rtmuUI km)W th< Iriitli. Tlirn I Ui.l, " BlrlTrd tie (In,) ,,*!
not Ro l.»r (ilJ. Iviraulc lu» I'l.alure wj^ lo S^^iV with tiic *• Imth put ilin in t!ir Mratt ol Khn \ I
i:if mxt P.iy ; To which I aiilwrrnl, il he wouU I'prak
with nv, he Itioulil l«ml lor Mailer Hti,ijm\ Son, lor my
Intcrpnlrr wa^, imf lutfiiicnl, .mil In tlut Itnmrht tlu»M«l-
iig'- to mc vku* 4 .•<.ir0in, who luil Urn .i Mtlli-nmr to
I .lAaaui, .mil liliiulcil wuh Krwaivls lounlcUnl t'a/lauui
l«) Itn I 1 .mlulla»!or^ to MaxxuKlan, ajui the nicaii whil.'
ih Tinic yuMiU i»t yn/tuci*' thouftht Iip w<Hikl prrletitly
riitrr their Giinirv, lo hr Uiii, ami attrr lir ki;rw tluni, lu'
litile r«T,arilril ihriii, m.r ma»ic j I'cue wttli tin in i iicithi r
did thry yit (ntr hi% L'ouniiy, nor will ihry U able lo lint tin Sttr'tarin un.iin, (aymc A/.w^v-A^

. . - , , . ■ ''»« 'Hir Sf r 1 T-

•' laith, the Strvant ol (kkI mull i,«t !« iiirfmKm^' k'

" meikuntoa'J Wh-nlorc I am rraily witi»,„t S- ■-
" .mil Conti nfion tu ntulrr an Acroimt o» the ^4nt| ^,1
•' HujK ol Cliriftiam to .very onr that Ihall rtqmr- •'
Then th<y wrote my W«)ri!«, ami brought thlm u,
him.

Thrn tliB Neflerians wrrc commamlcd m pwUf th^
(( Ives, and wriit wlut they woul.l fi^jk, .iml thr .iV,,,^
hkf wilr. ami th.- Tuf ni.ini alii.. On idr natMoai-igi,.

long a< they il.ire lUlcnil tl,iml<lvri -, nor ilul they <V(r know whcrihftc y( laiiiv tn thtlc l',irt\ > I'd whom I

'■» *0(l I

take any C'ountiy hy Force, Iwt l>y IXint » ami ber.iulc
^!ln make Peace with ihcm, iinilcr Colour ol that I'carc
fhty rir> umvcnt thini, aiul ovcrihrow ihcm. 'I'lun he
Ug.in to Iv very nuiuilitivc ul th< l''>\^, ami oi iIk Km;;
111 the iranki, anil ol thr Way to (;o to thin> \ Imt iht
Mnnki hrarinj; th», uilvlul tiu liurtly not to aniwcr huii,
Ix-iaulc he wouM priKun that an I iiilvillailor ihoukl !»•
lent. I thtnlore hckl my I'can , not willing to aniWir
htm k and hr Ijake to me I kiu'<\ not wh.it miuiioiit
VVor.ls lor whuh thi- ^tflonitn I'm lis wouki li.ivc amiUd
him, lo that he had citlicr been ll,un ot beaten, Uit I would
rnt ai^rec to it.

50 Thi" vi ry i»rxt Day they hioufjit nir to the Coiiit,
•Oil rhe chiel SiiietaruA ot the Loiiit laiii.- to iiic, one ol
fhrm ; \loal, whnwaiirth iijxjn the hiiin\ Cup, aiul the nil
54Mi'''*r;, en(]u:tinf; on the Iklialt ot thi Ko.tn, wheidoie I
camp? I h n I toKI him in the viry lame VVor^s lilullHloti,
how I CAnv to Sariatb, aiul liom SauuiLi to liaatii, anl
lioiv Be tiu k:;i me (hither. \\ hcriujAiii I laul ui'to hirn, I
l.ave i^oi'iii'g to lj)eak on the IJ. hall ot .iny iNLin, unhl;. I
flirukt r[>,.^k (he Wonliol tiod unto hiiii, it hi would li(.ir
th-:m, lir the KIjh Ihould IkU know wlut Uii<iiu hath
writrrn unto I.iiii. 11, ly lluik iijK>n th;s, denumlini; wh.it
Wonli ot (irnl I would l^xak unto him i thinking 1 would
pro'i'hrfy unto hint Ionic ptoliK-ruus thing ai iiuny ulc
(o do.

To whoni 1 anlwered, if ye will that I Ijyak (Ik Words
ol (i.k) unto h:m, 1; t me an Intcrpiner, who laul wr have
lent t(jr him, yet l[ieak hy thi4 Imerprtti-r as you may, we
fhail umterllinl you will, and they urged me muih to
(jicak. Then I lai i, " Thi. is the Word ot doil. 'Jo
♦' whom more 1 . < iimmittcd more n required at lu.s 1 [amis.
" Ai.oihrr alio, to whom moie is loi^ivra, lie ouj^ht to

ir ni.iy know by the [*ivu i,l H.uiu ; tjihiitffvr
Iwiriil, li.iali>\ Ixtun arc loll, and he lutli t,wo(n
what lli-iiu hath wrote to him. Whirrlcr: h: mi
know ot you.

At this lonuwlut fmtK)klenrd, I laiif, " Thf iVty r -
" (JlKie of our Keligion \s to pri.irh tli- (iot|ir| nmoj
" W lieiMipoii whin I heard ot thr lanir ()ti|ic|',w|r
** Mtjf, I had .1 IMire toioliie unlutiirfTl.aiKl wliilrj »j.
" thus iiiinded wc hiardol Sartiid; tlut he waja(.fir:i;;r,
" thtii I dirr^te.l my Journty unto liitii, .iiul my S.Tf't '.i
" l.oid till Kin[; ol the />ri"*J lent liini l/turujiiui; 1
'' j»'kkI Word', an<l other Wools iK-fi lis which trfti!v(,'i
" uiito him what Men we an , wIimi litin.iikRn|'.rlhhjt'-t
" would tulli r 1 • to n iii.iiii witli tlie l'i(p|i!iot M.ui.t'.r
*' he lent us to /i.i^itu, ami //j.j.'.v ti .M.wpKhun -, »h r.
'* ujion we intreatc d, ami yi t intrt.it liim to iutlcr mt i I'jy "
riicy wrott all, and made Kilatuin thtnot iiriu h:m O1
the IVlorrow \w lint to me aj'airi, l-iyitij;, the KU-nbm,
Well (I'.oui^h tint yc have no M, ilat^r imtu hi:ii, hrt;
(ame to ptay lor him as many 1 ilur I'riills (ioj lai:
d(ni.iiiilit!i whether tver any ol yeiir I'.mballa-ir! »r
with him, or ours with vou. 1 hen 1 diilarei! allurtot.Vr;
loimrnin^; i)jv/./and Iriar .tniiii'.v, lj thiy
W'litjii;;, rijoitid the lair.c tu him.

Then he lint a;^ain unto nie, fivn u,, ~'.;r I/irJ A'b
laith )C have llaid lorp here i his I'l. uliirc is, ihatytr.tjr
unto your own C'ountiy, and he Imtlicr iliipjiiil<, »h;;';7
yc would conduit his fcmlvilT.ulors with ymi.' low.^'xl
made ardwer, that I durll n'.t carry his FmlulliJor?^^'';:
his own Country, iKcaule tluif K.i w.irhkc Nation Icnit,-
uj and you, and the S;a and M iuntanis, and Imatw:
Monk, and tlv refute dare not take iipntiietoU- his <jU;,
lo they h.ivinj; fit down ,ill in Wtitinj^, ritiirwi!, i-Jr;

i'y putting j,i

love iiiorr. Out of theic tiue Wonls ol (iod i I laid f) ported it to the Klan. When H'ii:f:>i-E'jf(imi:tkS:j!:-

nam wrote Chror.i. Ks from the Crratioii ef the V'nrii
the I'airion of Cii iji, and palTi ;; ova the I'^lTior, t:r.
Ijukc of the K'h.rru lion of the Dead, Mh\ ut tlie .\mh:
and ul the lomif.^ ol Judgnuiit, v. I), rein m.uiv ihinjwtr
to Ijc reprchcr.did, whitli 1 t-M iImdi and wcStwifc
wrote th- .'■■yml-il or Creed, CraL uniim Dtm. T::3 I
deiiund.d ol them huw tlicy woul.l pi. kviu? BfV'iri
they would hrll difpute with tlie y.:nj. .w, I Ihcwid i.hc :i
this was not the proper M'thud, for th; Smitns a i:,:i
aurtc with U.S, that t.'iey aliliin there is lut oncG^and
therilorc you may li.ive tliem to hflp ynu .ig.iir.l.tSf.ic-
ni.ins, U> they were tont.ntrd. 'IVn I alkcil te '
they knew how Idolatry h.id its lirft Original m the W or S
and (hey loukl not tell i- I told them, and thty Ii:- ?• '
Commamimt :t> ol Cjul ? " No, laid 1, but lie hath given Hull clear thell- things to them, and !:i-ii Irt u. !,*ik. .■
" them Injm 1 Itavin to holy Men, and at the lall liimlcli it is hard to Ipeak by an Interjiretcr i n whom I Ui'.-''^

how >iU t.ui behave yourlclvis.iLMirHtlif!T. 1 ''••"*••■
the ■l'uintan\ I'ait, and you the cTirillians.

Supi^de 1 am of tlut .Sea th.i: lay thi re is mW..
prove ye there is a God ; for there is a SvCt th^ff _*5.-
laith, tlut every Virtue, in what thing locver,
thereof, .md that otherwih theic is no (.oJ

" the Af.inj(H himlrlt, that (loil hath given him muth
" For the Power and Kiclies which he hath, the Idols ot
** the 'Iu(ntanj hath not given him, but the Omnipotent
•' (lod, who hath made Hiaven and latth, in whole
" Hands all Kingdoms are, .md he trainlateih tlmn from
" Nation to Natmn lot the Sins of Men, wlienlore if he
" love hiin. It Ihall go wed with him ■, it otherwil.', h t him
•* know that ( ukI will r'-()iiire all tin le things at his 1 lands,
" even to the uttermoll haithing." Then laid oiieol the
SuranHs, Is there any Man that loveth f.otdoii? 1 aii-
Iwrred, " Cioil laith, if any M.m iove mr, he will keep
" my Command nicnts 1 therelnrc hi that kec^ietli not the
*' Comniandintnts ol IkkI, k.veth not (iod.'' 'J'hen laul
he, have ye h-en in I leaven, tlut yc might know the

•' <!<frciukd Irom Heaven, teaching us, Mui w. hav,- ihclr
•' things in the Sciipturcs, and wc Ice l>y the Works of
" Men whether they keep them or no."

Wheruiixjii he rcj led, WmI ye tiM 11 fay that A/j«i,'«-
khan kee[)s not tlie Cominamtments ol (jod, to whom I
J.iid your Interpreter will c )mv as ye lay ? 'I'hen Ixrtore
MunsuKhim, il it pleale hiin, 1 wiU rtcite the Command-
rnents ot C.oil, and he Ihall Ik h:, own Jiulge, whtthcr he
keep them or not J lo tliey departed ami luld him, that I
laul he was an ld< l.itcr, or a Vk/v.vw, and kept not the
C(,mmandments of (kh!. The mxt Day he l.i.t his .Secrc-
fari. s lii.to rr.e, layin|;, our l/jid lemli us unto you, l.»y-
in;;, ye are here Cliriltian .'■arthtni, and Tuiniam, and every
ol you laith his 1 jw is better, and hii iljoks are true ;

ii tilt Gi*!
Then t.';.'

Nejlorians knew not how to provi' any t.'imi;,, l'""'^';^
•' '1 laid th 7 bchcvc w"-

another. Th;:;

whu h their Writing ihelareth

.Vnpiuiis, if ye 111. w one, they v.ill !he«

1 d.iicted them to 1. 1 me il.lT talk with ti.em. Uf '^^

Ihould Ix; oven ome, th'.y might lliH have •'^■"y,"'*f ■ :

whereas if they fliould be overcome, I fhou... n-

hearing ; They .ij^ieed ui.to it.

ciiiip. n.

of W I f, f, I A M D E R U U R U (1 U 1 S.

583

VVV thmt>reg*thei«il together at DIM Oratoiy, and SUniu-
Khii l-iit three Writer! t.i In- JuJu's, one Cln/lum, otic
S/i'.iitn, and onr i'uiniaH, .in I it v 41 tirl^ prwUimrd,
" Ihin 11 the t^oniinandriKiit <if A/i»rx«-A7'«iM, mul lumt
» lUri' lay that llic Comniiiulincnt or (lod mithrrwili-.
•' Hf ciifninarulctli that iKinf (jnak (ontriitioiu or injuri-
" out \V<irdi t<» another, or nuke jiiy runiult, whruhy
" tint Uulinclj iiuy be hindered, ujKm I'^m r>t hn Mrail."
Tlun all wiri' I'liiit, uikI there wa., a (;r«at AHlmljIy there,
liiriviry I'arty invitid the wikll of ilmr Nation, and many
otlirr» lariH hnkiiig thitli(r. 1 lien the Chnllians let n.f
m the MitUlle ot theni, wilimn thr iiiimans to tpcak with
nie. 1 (len they Ugaii to tiuirimii a^jainll Miin^u-KLuin,
brijiil'' I'Ver any Khan attempted thmto liareh iiitothur
Seiiiti, I l*'n tiny opiKJlai oiu- to n\c, who tame lioiii
itili(i\.i, li-rmi.^ hiH Inttrpraer, ami I had M iller//'////<;w*'s
Son. A!.' le tiill laid to me, I'liind, it thou U- liniiif,lit
til a Nci 1 '. who mull litk » wilir than yourlelf ? Mut I
litM my IVaec.

I'hi 11 lie liemanded whereof I wnuld dilj)iite, either hotu
tht ll'urU'XiK niiidf, cr kIuiI kioiiej of iht Souls nfur
OM"? I'o whoni I aiilwered, " I'm nd, this IhmilJ not
" lie the b<v,iniitn(-; ol our Spi tth. All tliint;^ are ot ( .od,
" ttiU li- 11 th'- l-'oimtaiii anil I lead of all, and thiretoie
" wc iHi;',hl to \\i.\\ lilll ot (»(jd, I t wlioni ye think other-
•' viiv tliaii ye oii",iit to do, and Miih^h deliivs to know
" V,'') iiiliivcs lietter ?" Then t'lt Arliirrators alloweil
th'i ti) Ik' realonaUle, tliey would williiij'.iy have iK^un with
tin lollowing Qiicllionbv hetaule tliey hold them tnr tiic
llron!;ilt, tor they ;!ic all of th- I lenlyof the Mutinbccs,
kiiivinsj two Frinuples, the one lud, ai'd the other fnood i
»nii iiiikernini', Souls they all iliink they ji,;ls Iron. IJody
to lloily, inliimueh tliat one of t!i • wilell 11 the Nijloriun
I'lulli dtmandeil of me coixernini; the Soul; ot l)rutc
Ikalh, whetlur tiny could lly to any I'laee where they
lliould not lie eompelled to labour .iliu- Death ? I'or C'oii-
lirmati'in alio thereof, as th^' (i(jldliiiii!i tnld me a certain
(. Iiilii was brouf^ht troni Valb.iyn, who by the Si/e of his Body
appiJird to be three ^'eais ok!, yet was ea[Mble oi any Kea-
km, whoa.hniiLd ot liimleil, that he had Ix'cn three times
ill li-veral Bodi'i*, and kiuw I.c.ter^, and how to write.

I laid to theatorefaiil Tuiniati, U't-firtmy liclieve with the
lUitii, and (Oiifiji vjiih the Mouth, tluii there is a God, ii»d
ihrf It i'ut one God, and on: in pcrfi^t Unity, ■ivkat iiiliive
HH? lie laiil, J'ools fay t!;eic: is but one Ciod, but wile
Men liiy there are many. Are not there gieat lairds in
your Country, and here is a ['.rc.iter Lord, Man^ti-Khnn?
lo It isot the (ioiU, bec.iule in ilivcis Countries there are
iliTcrk'. To whom I laid, you make a bad Coni[urilim
i)t Men with (iot.1 •, tor fo every mi^'Jity Man in his own
Coiiiitiy may be calh'd a (jod. And when I woukl have
(iiirolvttl the .Similitude, he preventid me, enquirinj^ what
Maimer ot tioil is yours whercot yiai I'luak ? that lie is but
one. 1 aelwered, " Our (ioil, Ik lule wiiom tliere is no
*' other, is Dnuiipotent, aiul tlieuloie needtth not the
•' Hilpofanotlier. Nay, all wi have need ol his Help, it
" is not fo with Men •, no Man tan do all thin[^s, and
" tlkri lore there mull Ix- many Lords in the Larth, beeaule
" no one lan fupport all. Again, he knows all things,
" thcrcluie he needs not a Counfellor : Nay, all Wililoin
" !•> Irum him; moceover he is perleCtly good, aiul needeth
" not our (jood. Nay, in him we live, move, and have
" our lieing : Sui h is our ( io I, and therefore you mult:
" not hold that there is any other." It is not lb, laith he.
Nay, tlieie is tJtie highell in tlie Heavens, whole Genera-
tion we know not y<t, and ten are under him, and under
t.hem tliere is one i.;l'erior, and in tlie I'.arth there are inti-
I'.tc. Then he wouhl have added (Jtlier fables : So I afked
limiol diat higheil (iod, whether he tlu;U!j;ht himOmnipo-
tfiit? 1)1 of any other liod.' and tearing to aniwer, he de-
niai'.ilcd, if your (tod be IikIi as you fay, why made he the
hiilot things evil .i" It is t.ille, laid 1, wliolb maketh any
fvil IS no (iod, and all things wh.uH)cver are good. At
t;iis Word all the Tt<ini^in< marvelletl, and let it down in
^'^/iiing, as falfe, or impuniMe. Then he began to alk,
^Mienie ihtnfore toiueth I.mI ? You alk amifs, laid li
•ur full you Ihoiild deiii.'.nd what i'.vil is before you alk
*\lKiice it is. But to It turn iiaio the lull Qiiellion, whether
■!o vuii believe that any (io.i is '.'mnipotcnt f and after 1 will
4

aiilwer you to whatllievcr ytni demand. I hen he fat a long
lime ,ind would not aniwcr, inlotmiili that the Writer* Oii
rhe Behalf ol the Kh.in were forced to eommiml him ti»
anfwer. At length lie anfwercd, that no (Jod w,i\ Dmnipo-
liiit. 1 hen all the SariHtm break out into a grc.ii I .aughter,
.SiictuT Ixring made, | laid theretore none ol your (Jod* eaii
lave you in all IJangtri, l)rt.iufe lueh a Chance may hap-
pen wherein he h.ith no I'ower. Aivun, no Man can lerve
two Malleiv I low th'-n tan yoii lerve lo many lairdi in
I leiven and m I'.aiih ? I he Auditory decreed him to an-
I WIT, but he held his I'eatc.

riieii when I was about to alledf»e' Rcafons to prove fh«
Trutji of the Divine I'lllnce, and the rriniiy-, in (Veiy
Man's Hearing, ilw Ntd. ruins of the Coiintry fud, that
It w,is enougli, bfcaule they meant to Ijie.;!.., fo I g,ivj
them pl.ue i and when they would have diiputcd with ihc
S<irtt(tnu ihey anlWend, we Rrant that your I^w I* true,
and whatliii ver is in the (Jol'pel i* Truth, whcreloie wo
will not difpute with you in a.iy thing, and they to;dllV..i!,
that they Ix-g at the Hinds ot (Joil 111 their I'layus, that
they may die the Death ol the Cluilliaiis. There w.vi
there a certain old I'rull of the Sect ot Ju^ura, who tn;i-
tels (Jiic (lod, yit they make IdoN, with whom they
talk'd mueii, Ihewing all till the Coming idt.l.iill to
Judgment, declaring the Irinity to him, and t!ie Siira-
uns by Similitudts j all ot them hearkened without any
Contradiction, yet none ot them faiil, I believe, aiul wiil
become a Chtilban ; The Coiilireiice ended, the Nejlort-
fins ami Siir,uens fang tigether with a loud Voice, the-y«-
inidHs holding their I'eaee, and alur thar, they .til dr.mk
moll plentilully.

5 1 . On // 'hiifundiiy, ManyuKbiin called mebcfi.re him, and
the '/uiiiiiDi, with whot;i 1 ititputcd \ and before I ulki in.
Mailer Uilliam's Son, my Interpreter, laid to me, that
we mull return to our (. f(,iitry, and th.it I Ihould fpeak
nothing againll it, bn n ic he underlUx d ii for a tliin[^de-
ternnnid. When Ie*,.ir- betoic him, I kiicel'd, and the
7«/'«(V;« by me, wit dis Interpreter. 'I'hen he f.iid untu
me, tell me the Ti 1, whether you f.iid, when I fent my
Writers unto yon, ,i.if 1 was a T:uNiaii ? 'llien I aiifwer-
ed. My Lord, I laid not lb; but if it pleafe Your High-
iiel's I will tell you the Words I fpake i then I recited
what I had fpoken, and he aniwereil, 1 thought well you
laid not fo, tor it was a Word which you lliould not fpe.ik,
but your Inrerpnter liatli ill interpreted it. So he re.iLh..'d
lorth hii St.ili tow.inis me whereon he leaned, laying,
Kar not. I Imiling, laid loftly, if I had feared, 1 lud
not come hither ; tlu'ii he demanled ot the liiternreter
wliar 1 laid ? So he repc.ited my Words unto him : .Vlter-
wards he began to contcis his l-'aith unto me.

" We, Moalians, laid he, believe that there is 'lut
" One (iod, through whum we live and die, and we have
" an upright Heart towards him i " then laid I, Lo.l
grant you this, tor without thi . Gift it eannot be, and iic
liemanded what I laid, lo the Interpreter told him 1 then
he addeil turther, that GodKhokith^iveii to the Hand diverfe
Hn[[crs, jo h; hath gi'jcn many IVays to Mm : God hath
^ivcn tie Scriptures lo you, and the Chrijlians keep them
not i ye fml it not in the Scriptures, that one of you Jhall
dijpraife another: Do you find it, faid he? No, faid I;
but 1 ligniiied unto you from the Beginning, that I would
not contend with any •, 1 Ipcak it not, liiid he, touching
you. In like manner ye find it not that for Money a Man
ought to decline from Jullice. No, Sir, faid I, and tru-
ly neither came I into thefe Parts to get Money, nay, I
refuled that which was given me ; and there was a Scribe
preftnt there, who gave TelVimony that I h.ad refuled a
Jafeot, and certain Pieces of Silk. I Ipcak it not, faid he,
tar that, Ciotl hath given you the Scriptures, and ye keep
them not •, but he hath given us Soothfayers, and we do
that which they bid us, and we live in I'e.ue. 1 le drank
four times, as I think, before he difclofed tliefe things ;
and wliile I hearkened attentively, whether he would con-
fell; any thing elfe concerning this Laith, he began to fpeak
of my Return, faying, you have (laid a long time here,
my I'leafnre is therefore that you return : You laid, yen
durll nor carry my Amballailors with you, will you carry
my Mellenger, or my Letters? And from tiiac time I could
neither have Place nor Time to lliew him ih. C.ntluiii '(

I aicN ,

Ml ¥4

le 1

Is; ,;"

l-,r

I ■'

:: i

k H' '■

;i| i'^-

ii;, i

■' \

H !:

4'.,.l.f

5 ^^4

7/v rO TA GES and TRA FE L S Rook 1.

Faiih

for a Man cinr.ot f|xak before him, favc wliat he fufTcrthcm : Tliry make all tliinpsthat arc fcnttothcG

Anilial^.u!or, but an Anibal'"a- pafs btturcn Fires, ami have a tine Portion ot thi

lourt,

• "" •* >•'" « oruon 01 tllim

&k tlic hnuihol'l StvilV of the Dead
ATcen th-.'ri- !■ ires ; for when anv one .II^k'

'I'hry alfo jniryify t
ilrawiiig them between th-.u- .■ ires ; lor when any one M
all thingi whatfocver whirli ajipertaiii to him, are feparitd'
anil not mnigled wuh oilier things of the Court til' all
Ix- jHirgetl by the Fire •, lb iliil I fee it done to the Court of
the Lady who died while we were there •. wiiertupon ihwe

...ealah, unlel'i he weie an

tier may fpeak what he will, and tiiey always demand,
v.hethrr he have .\\:\ thini; ell'.- to fay.

But he liitVerci! me tn Ipe.ik no more ; but I muft hear
him, and anfwer a^ to Interrogatories. Then I aniwercd,
tiiat if he wouli m.ikc me iMi'.rftand his Woals, and

that they u.re Tr -!> v,n i:> Writirg, 1 would wiHingly ear- , , , „ , , k... ..

ry them to my l'u>\ r. Then he afkcil me, it I would was a double Reafon why Friar .hdrno and liii FdUj
have G>.:d or Silver, cr ccfUy (Garments ? I anfwered, we Ihould go bftween the Fire«, h„th liecaufc they broiwlit
receive no fuch thngs. i bu: we have not wherewith to Ixar Prelents, and alfo for that tary belonged to him wiiowaj
our Ixpencej, ar.d wii'-ovt your 1 lelp, we eannot get outot dead, to wit, Kbon-Khan ; no fuch thing was rtquirtdof
your Cour.try. Then I'a'.J. he, I will pinvideyou all NecclTa- me, Ivcaulc I hmught nothing. If any living Creature,
iK-s thtODglioUt mv Cour.tr\', will you h.ive any thing moic ? or any thing ellc, t.ill to the Ciiound while they thus make
1 anfsNered, it fuffictth me'. Th< n he demanded how far them pafs bet%veen the Fire5, that is theirs, they alfoonthe
Will you bv brou'.^ht ? I fud kt r;ir I'afs bring me to the ninth D.iy o( the Moon of Mny, gather together all white
Jrm:tt:an Cc untry j if I were there, it were enough. He an- Mares ol the Herd ami eonfecrate them. The Clmilian
Iwercd, I will t.uifv' yiu t > be eonvfye<l thither, and alter Friefts alio mull coine together with their Cenforsi thra
ItKik to vourfclf •, and he ad.ded, there arc two Eyes in one t!;.y calf new Cofmos upon the Ground, and make* gnat
I lead, .'.nJ tho;i",h thty Ix: two, yet tliere is one Objed to lealf that Uay, bccaufc then they think they drink Cof.
bothi ar..! v.iiither the me di'i\'leth the Sight, the othtr mos lirll, as it is the Fafliion, in fome Places with us, u
iluth : Yuu rame from Ba.:tu, and tliereforc you muft re- for Wine, on the Feail of Saint Bartbolcmtw, or Sim \
tv.rn by him. When !-.c liad thus f.iJ, I craved I. cave to and for Fruits, on the I eaft of St. Jamei and Chrippkir.
Ipc.ik 1 fp:uk on, faid he ; then laid !, " Sir, wc are not They alfo arc invited when any Child is born, to foretel
•' Men of War ; we defuc that iluy h.ivc I^ominion of his DelHny. They are lent lor alfo when any ii fick, to
«• t.'.e \V(-;!.I, who would moft jiillly govern it according uk their Charms, and they tell whether it be a natural In-
" to the Will of (i.vl ; our Office is to teach Men to live firmity, or by Sorcery, in regard to wliich, that good Wo-
•• arcon'irt; to tl'.c Will of Govl •, for this Purjxjfe came man ot Mfiz I mentioned before, told me a wonderful
*' we into t!;ife I'arrs and would wiliiegly have remain- tlung. On a certain time, very colHy Furrs were prtl'mt-

ill, which were laid down at the Court of her Lilly, who
v. .IS a ChrifVian, as I laid before, ,ind the Soothfaycrs drew
them througli between the Fins, and took more of them
than was their D\ie, and a certain Woman under whof:
Cullody the Treafure of her Lady w.ij, aecufed them I!K^^
of unto her I-iuly, whereupon the Lady hcrfdf reproved
them. It 'ell out after this, tliat this Lady herfdt began
to be fitk, and to futVer certain hidden Pains in divm
Parts of her Hotly , the Soothfayers were called, and they
iitting far oil", commandt d one of thofe Maidens to pit her
llamluiion the Phcc wheie the Grief wa,', and if Ihe
found any thing, (he fliould fmnteh it away ; tlienfc'iri«
ling, did fo, and flic found a Piece of Fi If in her Hind,
or of fomc other thing: Then they commanded hato put
It ujxjn the Ground, which being l.iid down, itliegania
cre.t), as it it hail been fomc living Creature-, thtr. they

rut It into the Water, and it w.as turntd as it wcreintoi
lorfe-leech ; and they laid fome Witt ii hath hurt youihui
with her Sorccrit-s, and they aacufed her that had accufcd
tilt mot the I-'urrs, who was brought without the Teno
into the Fields, ,ini' reuived ihc B.nlinado Icven Diysto-
make you7fi.ll llioi g witli Food, that you m.ay eome luity pether ther,-, and was afterwards tormented with other Pa-

id h.ie, if it I.'.d pU-afed you -, but feeing it is your
'- Plealliiv tliat we leiurn, it mvill le (■' \ 1 will return,
*' and cany your Letters .nccording to my Power, as ye
" h.jve commanded. I would rcqut tV your NLogiiiticener,
" that wlun 1 have carried your Letters, it may Ix? lawtul
•• for nv to Kturn to you, with yotir go.>d liking, rhiif-
" ly 1: .-..'.ifj you ha-.'r poor S:iv.uits of yours at Rulat,
" wlio .i;e ol our IjnjiUage, and tiny w.nu a Pnelt to
" teach th'-m and theirWhiyrert' tl;;-:r I-nw, and I would
" wi*V,i.gly flay with them." To th.s he anfwered. Know
you whtt.'ier y>>ui L< ids wouM hnd you back to me.' 1 an-
iwercd, " Sir, I know not the PuriX)le of my IxirJs -, but
" I h.ive Licence from them to go whither I wi!', wheie
*' It is needful til j "-each the Word ot Gtxl ; and it ll ems
" ti> me, as it it were very neceffiry in ihofe P.ins :
" WiiereujK)n, whether they lend Ambafl'ad'iS or no, if
" it pleaf; yi-u, I will ret-.irn. " Then he held hi-- Peace,
and fat along Spaie, as it were in .i Miife-, and my Inttr-
jiretcr defireil nx to fj>cak no mere, ar.d 1 cantully dtpeift-
cd wh.'it he world anfwcr.

At !e;i^(!i, h- laid, you h.ive a long Way to g'\

into yi.ur Ci i.'.'itiy, and hi- caufed them to give me IJr'.ik -,
ihen I I'Lt-ariid tiom his Pirfence, and returned not ngaiii.
If I 1.3.1 Ixen (ndo-,ved wit.h Power to do Wonders as
M:Jii d;.l, pcradventure he had humblal himf.-lf.

fi. The HivOtlTayers therefore, as he contelTed, arc
their Piitfts, and whatfiever tliey conimand to he cone, is
performed witliout Rlay ; whole O.'V.a- I fliall dd'.iilxr
u.Mo ywi, as I lould le.irn of Mailer Jt'illiam, aiid others,
who rep viid unto mc things like to lie true. Thiy are
ma.-.y, ; ..! i!-.iy h.avc always one Head, or chief Prielf,
who ah', lys pl.\crt his I loufe Ixfore rhe gre.it Houfe of
^l/<i«?«K7j«, widiin a Stone's Call ; under his Stu.ly are
the Chariots wlii !i K-ar their Idoh, the others arc behind
the Court, in Plates apjviii.ted for them, and they who
have any ConL^c-.ce in t!mt Art, tome unto them from

nilliments, to make herconfef-ii and in tlic mean ti.iK her
L.ady died, which flie undcrllanding, faid unto them, I
kn )W my l^dy is dead, kill me, that I may go alter her,
for I never did her hurt •, and when iTic confcffed noihitji
Mji^u Kh.tH commanded fhe llioukl live.

i hen the Sorcerers accufed the Lady 'sDaughtet'sNurff,
of wlium 1 fpake before, who was a Chriffian, aiJ .Vr
Mufband w-is the chief among all the iV^^ijniwl'rieibi
fo ftie was brought to Punifhmcnt, with a MaiJ ot htr^
to make her confcls, and the Maid confcfs'd, thit .nf
Mill Is fent her to fpeak with a certain Uorfc toi'ftrr.i
Anfw -i. The Woman alfo herlelf confeli'd fomrt'i.-J
the dill, to be Ixdovtd by her I .ady, that Ihe mi|;h: ^.a
her G<K).', b'.it flic did m.thing that nrght hurt h«. SiU'
wa.s demanded alfo whether her Hultund were privy to U;

liivcr* I'arts of the World, Some of them arc Ikilful in ftie excufcd him, for that he had burnt the Cluraii. is Jr-

Aftron^my, w.vX efp'.iiallv the Cliiif of them, and they

ff-Titel't ) them the F.tlipfes uf th: Sun .irul M(»on. Ani^

when they art to 'Oine m p.ds -, all the People prepare

th-m JTootl, fo tliat tliey need not go o-.,t of the Door ot

thr':r, nvuf; j ar.d wlien tliere is an t!c!tpf •, they play up-

i.n '.l\'pv TimLrel'. and Organs, and m.ikc a great Noile,

and fet up Igud .Shouts. When the Fdipl'; is pall, they were'called to fon^el t!ie IVf.iny

;vv.- Oii^n-'^lvcs to rcalling and Drinkinp, and make gr-at propheficd Profperity, .'.i.' faid, he

Chear. Tli<y futcl .oitunat.- and unhicky Days for all Bu- be a great Lord. Altii a few D.iys i. lu;'iviKil tl«t w

lintlii ihereiorr ihty ntvi-r levy an Army, or undertake ChiM died-, then the Wither enraged, tailed '''• -"j*'.

War, without ilieir Diret'lion i ai.d th:y h.-ul l-ing fince fiyers, faying, you i'li-i my .Son iliouLl hv.-, uivl ft!

r.turri«d into /hx^^ry, but that their Soothfiyeri will rot dead. Then thty laid, Madam, beh.yU, we l.c tlU w

Letters which Ihe had m.Kl-. Tii'n !he v.-as put tu
Deatli, and Mnn^uKban lent the Prieil her MulkJ w
the Bifliop, who wa-. in Cclbayn, to be judged, ^-'^
he W.IS not tbuiid riil[>aMe. . . j

In the mean time it I": II out, that the niiicip.'.! \\ .:••>■'
ManguKhan brought forth a Son. aed th: SkxU-PI

ui' the Child, «:.o ili
r.ould hvc 1j.ic;. "''J

Chap ir.

©/"William de Rubruquis.

585

rrrrfi \ the Nurfe oF Cirima, who the other Day was put
(0 Death, (he hath killed your Sun, and behold wc fee
(he carries him away. Now there remained one Son and
a Daughter of that Woman, grown to full Age, in the
Tents i and the Lady fent prefcntly for them in a Rage,
and caufcd the young Man to be flain by a Man, and the
Mail! by a Woman, in Revenge of her Son, whom the
Soothfayers affirmed to be killed by their Mother. Not
long a^Kr, Mtm)(M-KbM dreamed of tbefe Children, and
ilcnundeil in the Morning what was become of them f
His Servant was afraid to tell him, and he being trou<
bled, the more demanded where they were, becaufe they
had appeared to him in a Vifion by Niglu, then they told
hinu attrr which he, prefently fending for his Wife, dc-
n):iml/''d whence (he learned that a Woman (hould give
Srntcnre of Death, witliout the Privity of her Hu(band ?
And lie i mff d her to be (hut up fcven Days, command-
ing to Rivr her no Meat, but the Man (who flew the
yoting Man) he caufcd to be beheaded, and the Head to
\x hung about t!w Woman's Ntck, who had killed the
Maid, and ordered her be cudgeled with burning Firebrands,
ilirough all the Tents, and after to be put to Death : Me
lud wo put his Wife to Death, but for the Children he
luii by lior, and he went out of his Court, and returned
nut III! ;ittcr one Muon.

The Sorcerers alfo trouble the Air with tiieir Charms, and
witen the Culd is fo great naturally, that they cannot ap-
ply any Kemcdy, tluin they fearch out fome in the Camp,
whom tliey accufc, that the Cold come;; through their
Meant, lu they arc put to Death without Inquiry or Delay.
A little lx:fore 1 departed from thence, one of the Concu-
biiirs was lick, and languilhcd long, and they mumbled
(heir Charms over a certain German Slave of hers, who
llcpt three Days, who, when (he came to herfelf, they
(Icmtnded what (he had feen, and (he had feen many Per-
lons, of all which (he judged they (hould (hortly die ;
and becaufe Ihr i'aw not her Midrefs there, they judged
Ihe (huiiid nut die of that Sickneis. I faw the Maid,
while her Mead was yet aching, by reafon of that Sleep.
Some of them alfo call upon Devils, and gather them to-
gether (who will have Anfwers from the Devil) in the
Night, unto their Houfc \ and they put boiled Flefh in
the Midft, and that Kiat who invoketh, beginneth to fay
hij Charms, and having a Timbrel, fmites it (Irongly
igjinll the Ground -, at lengiii he begins to rave, and
auftth himfelf to be bound •, then the Devil comes in the
Dark, anil gives him Flelh to ear, and makes him An-
fwcr. Once at fuch a time, (as Matter fniliam told nie,) a
cfrtain Hmgaritm hid himfelf with them, and the Devil
being upon the 1 loufe, cried, that he could not come in,
l^aul'c a certain ChrifVian was with them ; he hearing
this, fled with Made, becaufe they began to fearch for
hin). Thef; things, and many other they do, which are
loo long for me to repeat.

5 j. After the Fcaft of Pentecoft, they began to pre-
pare their letters, which they intend to fend unto your Ma-
idly i in the mean time, the Khan returned to Caracarum,
and htld a great Feaft about the fifteenth of June, and he
dcfireil tiiat all the AmbafTadors (hould be prefent. The
laft Day he fent for us, but I went to Church to baptize
three Children of a certain poor German, who we found
ihrre. Mutter IViHiam was chief Budcr at that Feaft, be-
uiili: lie made the I'rec which poured the Drink, and all
the l»o()r and Rich fung and danced, and clapped their
I lands before the Khan. Then he began to make an Oration
V'liio tliriii, laying, «• I have fent my Brethren far off,
" and have fent them into Danger, into foreign Nations,
*' now it lliall appear what you will do, when I ttiall fend
" you, th.it our Commonwealth may be enlarged." Every
wy, in thole four Days, he changed Garments, which he
R>ve them, all of one Colour, every Day, from the
Jihues to the Ornament of the Head. At that time I faw
•he Enibunidor of the l^am oi Bagdad, who caufed him-
feit to be carried upon a Horfe-litter, between two Mules,
to the Court, of whom fome faid that he made Peace
*ith them, on Condition that they Ihould give him ten
thouland Horlcs for his Army % others faid, that Man^u
declared he would not make Peace with them, unlefs they
wuuld detlroy all their Ammunition i and the Embalfa-

dor anfwered, when you will pluck olfyour Horfc's-hoofsj
we will dcttroy our Aniniunition.

I faw alfo there the iMiibaflitdors of a Soldttn of Indiat
who brought with him eight Lcopaids, and ten Hare-
hounds, taught to fit upon the I lorfe's Buttocb, as Leo-
pards do. When I ennuircd of Mia, which Way it lay
from that Place, thty llicwed inc towarJs the Wrtt, and
thefe EmbafTudors tiavclled with me almoft three Weeks
together, always WcAward. I faw alfo the EmbaflTddor cf
the Soldan of Turky, who brought him rich Prell-nts •, and
he anfwered, as 1 heard, he needed neither Gold nor Sil-
ver, but Men, wherefore !»c required of him an Army.
On the Feaft of St. John, he held a great Feaft, and I
ciiufcd one hundred and five Carts, and ninety Horfes to
be numbereil, all laden with Cows- milk j and on the
Feafts of the Apoftles St. Peter and St. Paul, in like man«
ner. At length, the l/Jttrri being dil'patched which he
fent to you, tliey called mc and interpreted them, the
Subftancc wliereul I wrote, as 1 could underttand them by
my Interpreter, which is this i «• The Commandment of
" the Eternal GOD is this: There is but one Eternal
" GOD in Heaven, upon Earth let there be but one
" Lord, ZtH^ii'KboH Son uf GOD and Maitxu-7'ingiJ,
" that is to luv, tlj« Sound of Iron. This is the Woid
" which is fpokcn to you \ whatfocvcr Mea/j wc are, what-
" focvcr NamdH!, v/hndtevct Markets, whatfoevcr MujJ'ul-
" «/f», wlurrfocvcr Ears may hear, whcrefocver Horfe may
" go, caufe it to be heard and underUood \ that furh as
" have heard my Coiiimamlmcnt, and wnild not believe
" it, and would levy an Army auainft us •, fliall he as hav-
" ing Eyes and not feeing \ and when they would hold
" any thing they flull be without Hands \ and when they
" would wa)k they (hall be without Feet. This is the
" Commandment of the Eternal GOD, by the Virtue of
•' the Ktcniiil GOD, by the great Monarch of the Moah,
" the CV»innwndment of AitiHgu-Kban is given to the
" Ire/iih King, King Lodowuk, and all other Lords and
" Pricfts, and to the great World of the Franks, that
" they underftand my Words, and the Commandment
" of the Eternal GOD, made to Zengis-Kban ; nei-
" ther but from Zengis-Kian, ever came this Com-
" mandment unto you, A certain Man called David
" came unto you as an EmbuiTador of the Moals, he was
*' a Liar \ and with him you fent your Embaffador to
" Kbtn-Khan. Aim Khen-Kkm was dead, yourEmbafTa-
" dor came to his Court v Lhermis, his Wife, fent you
" Cloth, called NalTick. But to know Matters appertaining
" to War and Peace, and to fettle the great World in Quiet,
" and to fee to do good, thnt wicked Woman, more vile
" than a Dog, how could ttie know how to do it ? Thofe
«' two Monks which cime from you unto Sort ch, Sar-
" tach fent them to Bnaiu i but Baatu, Ixxaule Mangu-
" Khan is the grcateft over the World of the Moals, lenc
" them unio us. Out now, that the great World, and
" the Pricfts, and the Monks, might live in Peace and
" enjoy their Goals, thiit tiic Commandment of GOD
•' might be heard .nnong you, wc would have fmt our
" Embaffadors of Monl with your Pricfts •, but they an-
«• fwered, tiiat betwixt us and you there was a warlike
«« Nation, and nwniy bud Men and troublefome Ways, fo
«• as they were afraid tluy could not bring our Embaffadors
" fafe unto you, But it we would dclivc-r unto them our
" Letters, containing o" r Coniinandinents to their King
" Ledewiik, tliey would carry them. For this Caufe we
" fent not our EmbalTadors with them v but we have fent
" the Coininandmcnt of the Eternal GOD by your faid
•• Priefts. It is the Commandment of the Eternal GOD
•« which we have given you to underftand j and when you
«' ftiall licar and believe it, if you will, obey us 1 fend your
" Embaifadors unto us, lb Ihail we be fatistied whether you
" will have Peace with us or War. When by the Power
•« of the l-'ternal (JOl), the whole World fliall be in
" Unity, Joy, and Peace, lioin the riling of the Sun
" unto the goina down uf the fame, then Ihall it appear
'• what we will do. But if ye Ihall fee and hear the Com-
•' mandment of the Eternal GOD, .ind will not hcar-
" ken to it, or believe it, lliying, our Country is far oflT,
" our Hills arc ftrong, our Sea is gicat -, and in this Con-
«» fidence Ihall lead an Armv againtt us to knuw what
7 K " wc

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11:
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SS6

7k rOTylGES and TRAFELS fiooki,

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ill*'?:}

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•« \vf cr.n do •, he that rr.ailc that which was hani caly, and

*' tli.u which was f.n otVrnar, the Ktcmal GOD himlHf

•» knows that alone." And as th( y called us your Kmlulla-

<ion in the Ix-tters, I liiui unto them, call us not F.mlM(r»-

. dors, for I (aid to the Kb^n that wc were not the Ennbaf-

• lad( r< of the King iMh: llun they went unto him and

' told him ; but wlun t!uy nturncd, they faid unto me,

that hf he!d it much for our g(xxl, and that he com-

mmvlcii them to write as I fijould direct them : Then I

told them they flu'uld leave out the Name of Embafla-

tlcrs, and rail us Monks and Pricfts. In the mean time,

while thofe Things were doing, my Compnion hearing

' that we mud return by the Wildcrnt Is to Raatu, and that

n Man of Mtd (hould be our (niidc, he ran, without my

' Knowialgeto flw/fur, the chief Seribi, fignifying to him

by S'gns, that he fliould die if he went that Way ; and

when the Day came wherein we fliould have our Pals, r/z.

. a Formight after tlir Feafl of St. Jcbn, when we were

> railed to the Court, the fk-'ibe (aid unto my Companion,
Mmi^^uS Fleafure is, that your Companion return by

> t^natu \ and you fiy you are firk, anci it appeareth fo :
Maitfii therefore grants, if you will go with your Com-
pniiion go. Kit let it lie your own Fault, bccaufe, it is

' jofiihle, ycu may n nuin with fome Jitni that will not

1 j>rovide fi)r you, and it will be a 1 lindrancc to your Com-

pitmm ; but if you will f\ay here, we will provide Ne-

crirarics tor you, till fome KmhalTadors come, with whom

you may return more cafily, and by a Way where there

' are \'illa!^c^.

The Iriar anfwrrrd, (iOD grant ihc Khan a prof|>e-

!>r<ui!, I ifc, I will (ijy : Then I laid to my Companions,
brother, be advili-d what you do, I will ni>t leave you. Vcu
kavc not me, laid he, I ut 1 !tavc you, hec.iufe, if I go
with you, I U-e tlie IXath of my Boity and Soul, becaufc
1 have no I'atienre uniier intoL-iablc labour. 1 henihey
bn'ight lis tliree (.iarmmf:, or Coats and faid unto us, yc
wdl net rtceive (lold or Silver, and yet yc have f^ayeti long
hen.', and prayed for the Khan -, lie cnrrrats you, that, at
the leall, every one of you will rtmvc a finale Gar-
mant, that yc tlepait not empty from him. Then we
were torceJ to rtreive them for Rrvcrenre of him, for
they account ir a vcryevd 1 hing wlxn their Gifts . . con-
temncti. Firlt he eauktl im to be allied what we would
have? and wc alway* anfwerwi the fame thing-, fo t!;at

■ the Chriitia:-* wilultti! ever the Idolaten, who feek no-
tliino; but C Xf ; and ihey anfwrred that we were Fools,

* becatifc, it he wx)uld give ihem his whole Coun, they
would Willi 'prly take it, and would do wifely too j receiv-
ing thtrrtore tl;e CJarir.enfs, they entreated us to make our
Fray.rs h>r Lie Khtn, which wc did, and afterwards we
%'ert to Cer^ccrum.

Bi'f it haprcr.ed, while we were wirh the Monks, far
frnin the t.ourt w;tli oth-.r KmbalTadors, that the Monk
eaiilrd the Table to Iv ftruck fo han!, that MenguKban
bean'. It, and dci'anded what it was ; then they told him.
U|<ori which he alkcd why he was removed fo liar from the
Court i they toki l-.im, liecaufe it was troublefomc to
bfi"{! Inm 11 rir'; ami t)xc ii < vrry Day to the Court ; and
faid furth^^. \\\?.r it uere betur that he fliould Hay at Gi-
rciiflyv.ni. \ lim r!ie Khnn fent unto him, faying, if he
wcuM gT to Ciirccaruniy anti (lay there near about the
Churih, hv would give him all 'I'hings neceflary : But the
Mon': anfwer-il, I came from the Holy lamd of Jerufa-
Im hitlierby the Command of GOD, and left that Cty,
wh-r-in ar-- a thoufand l)etter Churches than that of Cara-
fijrun 1 if 111' picir, that I ftay h-re and pray for him as
<.OD comnundal mr, 1 will ftay, if not I will return
to ih'- I'l.i"- from wh. nre I came. So that every F.vtn-
iii-i ()x( n were brought him yoaked to the Carts, and in
the Morniii't lie was Inou-^ht to the Place where he ufcd
to b«-befoi, the Couiti and a little liefore wt departed
th-nte. a .ertatn Sfjtrri.in came, who leemed to be a
wifr Man : Bu\at tlw < !ii< f Secretary, placet! him licforc
the Lourf. fo whom the Kban Iwit hr. Children that he
(houid Wi Is ih 111.

S^. VNc rame ilierefore ro Caranirum, and while wc
were in Maff- r H'sluim the (io|i1),nirli*!, I loulc, my (juide
• aine to m< and hroughr ine t;n Jalcots, five of which he
Idt III MalUr H Ulijm\ 1 landi, tomriuiidiny him to Ifitiid

them on the Behalf of the Khan, for the Friar's Ufewhl
he remained there \ he alfo left the othci five in the Hi i
of my Interpreter, commanding him to fpendthtminl!
Way, lor my Subliftence-, for Matter «^;7/w« haj gj^'
them fuch Inllruif^iotu without our Knowledge. IprcLL
changeii one into fmall Money, and dilhibutcd it to tJK
poor Chrillians which were there, for all their Eyes wm
fixed upon lu. Wc fpcnt anotlier in buying thinn njcef.
try for us, as Garments .nnd other things, which *t
wanted. With the third my Interpreter himfdf bought
fome things, by wliich he gaincti fomewhat Wc fpcntthe
red, becaufc after svc came into Pnfia liiificientNccclIincs
were no where given us, nor >-et among the tttUri
amongft whom wc frJdom found any thing to be folj. '

Mailer miliam. Your Majcfty's titiaii and Subject
fends you a certain Girdle fet with a precious Stone, wh;dl
they ufed to wear againll I'hundcr and lightening, ami
moll humbly falutes you, always tommending you to GoJ
in Ins Prayers. Wc baptized there in all fix Souls. When
we dei>arted from each other, it was with 1 can, ir,y Ccm-
pani<;ii remaining with Mailer fhlliani, aiid I retumii«
with my Interpreter, rny Guide, and one Servant, »h»
had Direftions to take otie Mutton in four Days for us lour.
Wc lamc therefore in two Months and ten Days from C:-
ratcirum to Baain, and never faw a Town, nor fo mucha
the Apfxrarancc of any Uaak, but Graves, except one\il.
lage, wherein we did not fo much as eat Bread, nor did wc
ever reft in thefc two Months and ten Days, five one Day,
l^eraufe we could not get 1 lories. Wc returned for the moii
part by the lame kind of People, and yet through other
Countries, for we went in the Winter, and returned in tiii
Summer, and by the higlier Parts of the North, except
that fifteen Days Journey we were obliged to go, and retura
by a certain River between the Mountains, where ttieie is
no loxlging but by the Rivor Side. Wc went two 01)1,
and fometimes three, without taking any other Food but
Cofmos. Once wc were in great Danger, not being abie
to finii any People, our Provifion failing us, and otir
Horfcs tired.

When I had travelled twenty Days, I heard thit tk
King of Armnia had palTcd by. In the End of .i^^I
met with Sariacb, who went to Mangu-Kbtn with 1 locks
and 1 lerds, and with his Wives and Children, yet t.-ic Bulk
of his F.-unilies remained between ftnais ami £/)/«. Ilcitt
my Duty to him, faying, I woukl willingly (lay m lis
Country, but MtMgu-Khan would have me rcmrn and cany
his letters. Ffc anfwered, that I mull pertorm the Will oi
Mangu-Kban. Then I alted Ceitu for ilic ChiidtenrHc
anfwen-d, they were in the Court of Bjii:u, carcfilir po-
vided for. I alio afkcd him for our C'loaths and Books
again ? He anfwered, did ye not bring them to ^^iru,(?
I faid I brought them unto Sariacb, but I did nc; gi«
them to him as you know i and 1 put him in minu'to
Anfwcr I made when he demanded whether I mucgfe
them to Sartacb f Then lie anfwered, you liiy Truiii, i^J
none can refill Fnith. I left your Goods with my Faiiier,
who remaiiieth near Sarai, which is a new Town .te/ii
hath made upon Etilia on tlic i-afl Shore -, but i-ut Pneib
have fome of the Veftmcnts. If any dung pleaic you, laid
1, keep It, fo my Books be reftorcd.

'Ilien lie told me be would rcprt my Words to W*s.
I mull luvc Letters, liid, I to your Father, to rdtatK
all. But he was ready to be gone, and laid unto u,w
Train of the Udies followeth us near at Hand, ycu^
alight there, and I will fend you Surtach'i Anlwcr l)y^:ij
Man. I was very careful he Ihould not deceive mr, |rn
liare not contend with him : Ute in the Evening iheju
came unto me, and brought two Coats with hini, w^.. j .
thought had been all of Silk, and he laith untome,Dewu
two {.arments, the one Sartacb hath lent unto you, a^
the other, if Ii) it picali: you, you Ihall prelenttotticMnb
on his Behalf i to whom I anfwered, 1 wear no l
ment
your

now it pleafed me to fend them both unto you. «
them to you by the Bearer of thete rrcUnts. W
Ixttcis alio to the Father

■Gi.

ts, I will prcfent them both to my l^mg m hon*'
• l.(ird. Then faid he, do widi them what you^^"^.

it pleafed me to fend them both unto yo"' »•;"';-
' ... .1... i> t .1,...;. iwiVnts. Hi:i.ei.w™

Cflifl. tordloreiw*"

me Ix-ttcis alio to the Father ol t-""" ,"^ ^'" „,>
which apfxMtaincd unto me, bccaute he had no nea ^
tiling which was mine, lb we caiuc tu the Cou-' ^.

oiif!

Chap. 11.

.V:

of William de Rubrdqui*.

s8;

tlie fame Day I ilf parted theiice a Year before, viz. the
ft conil Day after the Exaltation of the blclfecl Crofs, and I
fouiul our young Men in Health, vet much afflided with
Fovcrty, as Gojjtt told me, and if the King of Armenia had
ni)t conilortci) them, and recommended them to Sartach,
they had iKridud, for they thought 1 had been dead. The
H'artars aifo demanded of them, if they could keep Oxen,
or milk Marcs, for if I had not returned, they had been
brought into Servitude by thofe People.

After this Baatu ordered me to come to him, and made
the Letters which Mangu-Kban fends unto you to be inter-
preted unto me j for fo Mangu wrote unto him, that if it
pieafed him to add any thing, or leave out, or change, he
Ihould do it. Then laid he, ye (hall carry thefe Letters,
and caufc them to be uiidcrilood. He demanded alfo what
Way I would go, whether by Sea or Land ? I faid, the Sea
was froze, bccaufc it was Winter, and I mull go by Land,
for 1 thought you had been ftill in Syria, fo 1 direded my
Journey towards Perjia, for if I had thought you had ualTcd
into France, 1 would have gone into Hungary ; for I Ihould
fooner have come into France, and by a more eafy Way
than tho* Syria ; then we travelled a Month with him before
we could obtain a CJuide j at length they apjxiinted me a
certain Jvgure, who uiiderftanding I would give him no-
thing, and that I would go forthwith into Armenia, caufed
Letters to be made to condiidl me to the Soldan of Turky,
hoping he (hould receive Gifts of the Soldan, and that he
(houid gain more that Way -, then we took our Journey
fjx-cdily lifteen D.iys liefore the Fcafl: of Alt Saints towards
Surai, going dircc'Uy Southward, defcending near to Etilia,
which is there dividcil into three Arms, every one whereof
is almort twice as big as the Branch of the River of Nile at
Bamitta.

It divides afterwards into four leficr Arms, fo that we

EilTed the River in feven Places by Boats. Upon tiie middle
ranch is the Village called Smncrkant, without a Wail ; but
when the River overflows, it is compalTid witli VS'ater. The
Tartars were eight Years alxiut it before they could take it,
and the Alani and the Saracens were nine. There we found
one Girman with his Wife, a very good Man, with whom
Goffet ftayed in the Winter •, for Sartatb fent him thither
to cafe his Court. About thefe Pares was Baatu on the one
Side of the River, and Sartach on the other about Cbrift-
mafs, and they go no farther down ; and when it happens
that all the River is frozen, they pal's over. Here is great
Store of Grafs, and there amonp; the Caves, 'I'hicves hide
thcnifelvcs till the Ice melt. Coiac's Father receiving
Sari(ich\ Letters, reftored jny Veftments unto me, except
my Albs, and an Almic trimmed with fine Silk, a Stole,
a (iirdic, and a Tualia, adorned with Golden Lmbroidcry,
and a Surplice. He reftored alfo to nie all the Silver Plate,
except the Cenlbr, and the little Box where the Chrilrii
was, all which the Prieft wiiicli was with Sartacb had. He
returned my Books, except our Lady's Pfalter, which he
kept with my Leave, bccaufc I could not deny it him •, for
lie fjid Sartack took much Delight in it. He alforequeftcd
me, that if it happened that I return unto thofe Parts again,
I would bring them a Man that knew how to make Parch-
ment, for he Kid built a great Churcii by the Command of
Sariaci) upon the Weft Side of the River, as he faid, and
a new Town •, yet I l;new that Sartacb meant no fuch
Matter. Sarai and the Palace of Baatu are upon the Laft
Side of the River, and the \'alley thnnigh which the Arms
of the River are fpread abroad containeth more than feven
Ungues ii) Hreadth. There is great Store of Filli there, a
Bible .lilo in Vcrfc, and a certain Book in the Arabian \jin-
{;iia(!;e worch thirty Sultalines, and many other things I
never recovered.

55. Alter our Departure from liim on the Fcaft of All
Smis, goiiif; towards the .South until the Feall of Saint
MiriiH, wc- eame to the Mount.iiiis of the Jlani, between
Ih.-.iu and Sarai. In fiiteen Days, we foutid no People but
*»ic ot his Sons, who went before him with Falcons and
his Falconers, who were many, at one little Village ; from
the Fend of /illSaini) Un five l^.iys we nut not with lb
nnich as a Man, ami we w.re in grc at Danger by realbn of
Tliirll, one v.hule Day and a Nn'.hr, finding no Water,
till about 'i'iirec ot the Clock tlie n;:ct Day. Tiu; Alani in
fume Mountains yet litM out, fo tliat of tcnof thcSubjcds

of Sartacb two mud come and guard the narrow t'aflagea
of the Hills, left they come forth of the Mountains, and
carry away the Cattle in the Plain. Between i." Alani and
Porta Ftrrea, which is two Days Journey from thence,
where the Plain of the Alani beginneth, between the Cafpiam
Sea and the Mountains, there are certain Saracens, called
Lrffi, inhabiting the Mounuins, who likewifc are free ; fo
that thofe Tartars who dwell at the Foot of the Mountains
of the Alani were obliged to give us twenty Men to bring
us beyond the Iron Gate, or Porta Ferrea ; and I was glad,
becaufe I hoped to fee them armed, for I could never fee
their Armour, tho' I had been very defirous of feeing it i and
when we came to this dangerous Faflage of the whole twenty,
there were but two who had Harbergions, and I demanded
of whom they had them ? They faid, they had them of the
Alani, who are able Workmen in fuch things, and ex-
cellent Smiths. I think they have fmall Store of Armour,
but Quivers and Bows, and Leather Jackets ) I faw them
prefented with Iron Plates, and Iron Skullops out of
Perfia, and faw two alfo who prefented tbemfelves to
Mangu, armed with Coats made of Hogs-lkins, bent inward,
of rough Leather, which were very clumfy and unweildy.

Before we came to Porta Ferrea, we found one Caftleof
the Alans, which was Mangu Khan's, for he had fubdued
that Country. There we firft found Vineyards and drunk
Wine ; the Day following we came to Porta Ferrea, or
the Iron-Gate, which Alexander the Macedonian King
made, anil it is a City whofe Eaft End is upon the Sea
Shore: And there is a little Plain between the Sea and the
Mountains, through which the City extends in Length to
the Top of the Mountain, which bordereth upon it oa
the Weft, fo tliat there is no Way above for the Rugged-
nefs of the Mountains, nor below for the Sea, but imme-
diately through the midft of the City, where there is an
Iron-Gate, from whence the City hath its Name, This
City is more than a Mile long, and on the Top of a Hill
is a ftrong Caftle i and it is as much in Breadth as a Stone's
Caft. It hath very ftrong Walls, without Trenches and
Turrets, of large polilhed Stones. But the Tartars have
deftroyed the Tops of the Turrets and the Bulwarks of
the Walls, laying the Turrets even with the Wall. Be-
low that City, the Country was formerly like a Paradifc.
Two Day's Journey from hence we found another City
called Samarott, wherein there were many Jews, and
when we pafled it we faw Walls defcending from the
Mountains to the Sea •, and leaving the Way by the Sea
by thofe Walls, becaufe it turns towards the Eaft, wc
went up into the high Countries towards the South.

The next Day we pafled through a certain Valley,
wherein the Foundations of Walls appeared from one
Mountain to another, and there was no Way through the
Tops of the Mountains. Thefe were in times part tiic In-
clofurcs, or Walls ereded by Alexander for reftraining the
fiiice Nations, the Shepherds of the Wildernefs, that
they could not invade the inhabited Countries and Cities.
'J'hereare alfo other Walls and Inclokires where Jews arc.
I'he next Day we came toacertain great City called Samrnh,
and after this we entered into a great Plain called Moan, thro*
which the River C«r or Cyrus runs, from which the 0»r-
gi or Curdi have their Names, whom we call Georgians ;
and it runneth through the Middle of Tefflis, which is the
Metropolis of the Curgines, and comes diredly from the
Weft, running to the Eaft into the Cafpian Sea, and in it
are excellent Salmon. In that Plain wc found Tartars
again. Alfo by that Plain runs the River Araxes, which
cometh from the Greater Armenia, from betwixt the South
and Weft, from which it is called the Land of Arr.rat.
Whereupon in the Book of the Kings it isfaid of the Sons
of Senacberih, that having flain their Father, they fled into
the l^inil of the Armenians. And in Ifaiah it is faid, that they
fled into the Land of Ararat. To the W^eft then of that
moft beautiful Plain is Curgia. In that Plain the Crofmini
were fettled formerly. And there is a great City in the
Entrance of the Mountains called Ganges, which was their
Metropolis, ftopping the Georgiiins, thit they could not
come down into the Plain. Then wc came to the Bridge
of Boats, which was faftened together with a great Iron
Chain, ftrctched forth crofs the River, wherein Cur and tha
Aiaxa met together, but the Cur Igfeth itt Name there.

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588

TJbg For AGES and r RAVELS

Book I.

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I. i

56. We proceeded thcnrp, till travelling up the vYr4x«,
of which it is faid, Ponum, indignatut Jraxis ; Araxts, dif-
tnins a Bridge, leaving Ptrfia anil the Cajpian Mountains
on the left Hand towards the South, having on the right
Hand Curiia and the Great Sea towards the Weft. Go-
ing all tlie Way Southwiwd, we, paflcd through the Mea-
dows of Baccbu, who is General of that Army which is
there within the River Araxcs •, he has likewilc made the
Cmgi, and Turks, and Ptr/Sdns^ fubjcft to him. There is
likcwifc another Governor in Per/a at Taitris over the
Tribute called jfrgon, both which Mangu-Kkan hath
called Home to give Place to his Brother, who is going
into thofc Countries. The Country which 1 have de-
tcribed to you is not properly Ptrfta, [■>ut was fometimcs
called Hyiani*. I was in Baabu'i 1 loule, and he gave
us Wine to drink, and he himfcif drank Cofmos, which
1 would wii;ingly have drank if he liad given it me \ yet
it wai the bcft new Wine, but Colnvjs iJ more wiiulcfom
for a hali ftarvtd Man as I wa?. We went up therefore
by the River Ara,x(j from tiic Eve of Si. Otmtnt until
the fccoad SuHday in Lent, till we came to the Head of
the River, and beyond tlic Mountain* where it rifcth there
is a good City calii:d J-ihrum, which belongs to the Sel-
dan of Twrky, ani) nrir ihercalxjuts Eupbratts rifcs towards
the North, at the Fixjt oi rhc Mountains of Curgia, to
whofe Spring I had ^ne, but the Snow was fo great that
no Man could f;() oiit ot the common Path, and on the
other Side of the Mnunuin* of CMt.jj'ut towards die
South rili:ththe7>jrM.

Witen wc drjiaited from Baabu my Guiilc went to
tiiuiii to fp.ak with .Irgeii, carrying my Interpreter with
liim i but Boicbu caulld me to be brought to a certain
City called Naxunn, which heretofore was the Head or Ca-
pital of a great Kmgiiom, and the grcatell and taircll
City m thok Part?, but the Tartars have made it a Wil-
dcrmls 1 and tlitre wire anciently eight hundred Churches
of iIk yhmcnians there •, now there arc but two little ones,
for the .ViW*f»/ have deftroycd them •, in one of whuh
1 held the Keallof Cirijlmas as 1 could with our Clerk,
and the next Day following the l*riert ot the Church died,
10 whofe Burul came a certain Btfhop with twelve Monks
from the high Countries, lor all the Bilhops of the ^Irme-
mam aie Monk*, and of the Grttky iikcwife for the mod
Pait. The Bilhop told me that there was a Church near
this Place where St, Barib«i»mtu:, and Iikcwife St. ynJas
TbduLiifUi were martyred, but there was no Way open ior
Snow. I Ic told me alio that they had two Prophets,
the liill or chief >V/#</iw the Martyr, who was of their
Counrr), and plainly prophefied of the Ifmatlitts, whic'i
Prophecy is fulfilled in the Saracens. The other I'rophet
is called jUacren, who when he died, prophefied of a Na-
tion of Archers tliat fliouldcomc from the North, (iiyinj^,
»' That they fliould conquer all the Countries ot the lialt,
" and ftiould fparc the Kmgdoms of the tiaft, to afiift
" them in obuming the Kingdoms of the Well ; and
" they Ihall poflcls the Countries from North to South,
*' and Ihall come to CtnftiiHlinipie, and (hall t.-ikc the Gate
" of Cotifianiintple, and one of them who Hiall be called
*' a wile Man, fhall enter iheC'ity, and tixiiig the Churches
" and Kites of the I'rauks, Ihall caufe himlelf to be
" baptized, and (hall cnunlel the Fraiiki how they may
*' kill the F.nijicror of the Tartars, and there they (hall
" be conffjunded. Hearing this, the t'rankt which fhall
" be in ilie Middk- of the Land, v:z. at JerufaUm^ (hall
•' fet iii>on the Tartars who (hall border uj)on them, and
" with the I ielp of our Nation, that is, the .irmeitians,
" (lull purine them ; lb that the French King (hall place
•' his Royal Throne at Taurnum in Perfia, and then all the
" Halt Countries and all the unltelkving Nations (lull be
•* converted to the Faith of Chrirt j and there (hail be lb
*• great I'cacc in the World, that tiie living (hall fay to
" the IX-ad, Wo be unto you Wretches ! that lived not
«' until thefe Times." And 1 read this I'rophecy brought
to CoHJiantinofle by the .Irmemtuit which remain thrre,

but I made light of ir. Yet wlicn 1 fjuke with the Bi-

(liop, calling it to Mind, I regarded it (ijinewhat the more.

But throughout all /Srmenia tluy as tiiiiiiy believe this

l'io|)hccy ai tliey tio tiie Goljxrl.
ile laid 10 Hi alio, even ai the SouU in Limk cxix.-d

the Coming of Chrift for their Delivery, fo do wc look
for your Coming, that wc may be freed from this .Slivn,
wherein we have fo long lived. Near the City N^ul
there are Mountains on which they fay the Ark of Nm],
retted » and there are two, one greater than the other
and Araxis running at the Foot of them \ and there is a
little Town their called Comamum, which is in thiir bn-
guagcEight, (or they (ay it wai, fo caNtd of tjic w\i
Pcrlons which came forth of tlK- Ark and built it. Mi° v
have attempted to climb the great Hiils and cciild no-
and the Bilhop told me that a certain Monk bring very
much troubled thereat, an Angel apix.ired to Imn anj
brought him a Piece of the Woo<.i ot the Ark, I ililing
him to troubk- hiinlelt no more. Tlut I'mc ut ,\Vood
they had in their Church ;us he told nic, nritlicr i^ tlie H;I1
fo high in Appearance but the Men n)i;;lu wdl get up it.
Aceruin old MaiM^.ive me however thw worthy Rcalon
why no one (houUl climb it. Tliry rail tjut Mountain
Mafis, and as this Word is of the lemciiiiie (icnitcr in
their Tongue, no Man, faid he, mull climb up M/if,i, bt-
caufe it is the Motlu r of the WoilJ,

In the City o( Naxuani, Ftiar Ikrnard a Cah'^n, ot
the Order of the Prca(liin(; Friars, toiinil me, whyliv.'s
in Georgia, with a crrtain Friar of t!ic Sepulchre, who pol-
IclTcth great Lands tiifir, and he had learned fomewhjt
of the Tartar Lanpu.igc -, he formerly went with a certain
HniigariaH triar, who returned with iiie loffjUi, vi-th one
Servant ; but Friar Harnard remained at iaurir, with a
Lcrtain Lay Friar, whole Langu.ir,e he untlerlbocl not.
We went out of the City of Stxuam, aUjiit the Lpifkany,
for wc had flayed long there, by realon ot the Snmv; wc
came therefore in four Days to Uiu Country of SMm, 1
CurJ:Jb Prince, hcretotore mighty, hut now Tributary to
the Tartars, who deftroy'd .ill his Ammunition, whi.lc
FatlKT Zadtrias ^xiflllTed himlcit of the Country of Ar-
mcnititts, having delivered them from the Hands ot the
Saracens, and t.'iere are many fair \ illagts of iriw Lbril-
tiaiis, having Churches like the Irflr.ks ; .iiid every .irmt-
mian hath in his Houlir, in an honciir.iMe PLice, a viwin
Fland, holding 3 Crofs, mul lets a burning Lamp itim
it i and that which we lio with holy Watt r, fpriniiHng it
to drive away wiikcd Spirits, thiy do wuli !• lankincf nk ;
for every F.vening they burn I'r.inkinccnli', carrying it
through all the Corners of the I loufe, to ikI ihcm ut ail
kind of F.ncmics. I cut with Salnnf'., and he ilid nit
great Reverence, both he and his Wile, and his Sen In-
chary, a very comely and wile youn^ Man, whuiknianJ-
cd of me, whether if he (liould come to you, yoj wouiJ
entertain him i for he is lb uncal'y under the Don'iniaiot
the Tartars, that tlio' lie haiii a Plenty of all thing;, f.f
had rather travel into a llrange Country, than endure thtir
violent Fjtailions. They laid luiihcr, that they »«
true Sons of the Churth of Rtmt, and it' the Pope wouU
lend them any Aid, they would bring all the bordenr^
Nations unto the Sulijectioii of the Cluiich ot Rtmr.

From that Town of liis, in Htteen Days we erterttl the
Country of the Svldan of furky. On the tirll Sunday 1:1
Lent, and the (irfl Calllc we found, is calletl A/lir'?i?'«!
all in the Calllc were Chrillians, .irmcmuns, Otrpmi J"'!
Greeks : 'Ihe Saratens only have the Dominion. Hierc
the Capuin of the C.illle laid, he had received Commir><i-
mcnt, that no Vi<ttuals fhould Ik j^ivcn to any /«»"<
or to the Ambafludor of the King of .Irmema, orot Vv-
tacius ; lb that from tlir i'l.ice "where we were the tirlt
Sunday in Lent, quite to C\prus, whither I came, eight
Days before the Feall ot .Saint Join the Baptill, we «re
forced to buy our own Prcvilion. He who was my (-ii*
proaired me H<^rks, and t.wk Money for the ^l«W''•
and pui It in his I'urli-. When ho came into the Fit.^'.
feeing a Flock, away he went, .md without more to do,
took one Sheep, and gave it to his 1-amily to ta,^'
womlered I would not takr part of his Robbery. '"J' /^ j',
fication, i was in a certain City c.ilkd /^. *n™*
Sal>eHju\ whole Situation IS llrontJ i and thtrt «i>' ^ """■
drcd Armenian CliurJirs, and two Mo^JUB of the
racens : The Tartars phicc .in OlHcer tlKte. ,

At this Place live Pn-ac!iing Iri.irs met tn";. »"f"^
four came Inm Proven, e in ham,; aui flK "f Jf^"
himlelf to them in Syna. Thty had l^: one tick wj

Chap. II. of William de Rubkuquis.

5S9

who cr.ulil Tptak the Turkijh Language, and a little
Yrmh 1 .iiul th<y liaii the Pope's Letters to S.iriacb, and
to j\fnm^u-hl<m, and to Buri, fuch as your Highncfs gave
ni( Lttai-s ot Reciucft, tliac tliey would fufier tJiem to
c()!itiiiue in their Country, and prcacli the Word of God,
(-fi-. But wjjcii I told them wiiat I had fecn, and how
they lint me haik again, they dircfted their Journey
to '/'#J. where there arc Friars of their Order, to confult
wliat thty IhouKl do v I anfwered them, they might well
pals by thole Lencrs, it they would j but they Ihould be
well allured, to endure much Labour, and render an Ac-
count ot thtir coming i for feeing they had no other Mcf-
fage l»it the OHice of Preaching, thicy 'would care but
little for them, and cliicfly becaule they had no Interpre-
ter: What they did after, I know not, and cannot there-
fore rcpurt.

58. On the ftcond StuJay in Lent we came to the Head
of /taxes, and pading beyond the Top of the Mountain,
we came to EuphraHs, by which wc defcended eight
Days going to the Weft to « certain Caftlc called Camatb ;
where Euphratit bends to the South towards HaUtpia. But
we palling the River want through very high, mounuin-
ous Countries, and thrpugh the dcepelt Snow to the
Weft. 1 here was fo great an Earthquake there that Year,
that in one City called ArfengnM, ten thoutand Perfons, ac-
cording to their Regifter, perilhed, betide poor Men, of
whom there was no Notice taken. Riding t.'irec Days to-
gether, we taw the gaping of the Earth, as it was cleft
by die E^irthqiiakc, and the Heaps of Earth that came
from the Mounuins, and tilled the Vallies, fo that if but
i little more of the Earth had been moved, that which
Ifaiab Ijieakcth had been literally fultilled, Every Valley
pall tt filed, and every Mountain and little Hillfiall he
humbled. We paffed through the Valley where the Seldan
of lurky was vanquithed by the Tartars. It were too
long to write how he was overcome j but a certain Ser-
vant of my Guide's who was with the Tartars faid, that
the Tartars were not above ten thoufand in the whole;
and a certain Curd of the Saldans, faid that there were
two hundred thoufand with the Soldan, all Horfe-men.
Inthat Plain wherf; the Battle was, there broke out a great
Lake at the Time of the Earthquake } and it cumc into
my Mind, that all the Earth opened her Mouth to re-
ceive yet more Blood ot the Saracens. Wc were in Se-
bajta a Town of the Lcffer jirmtnia in Eafttr Week ;
here we vifited the Tombs of forty Martyrs \ tiiore the
Church of St. Blafe ftandeth, but I could not go thither,
becaufe it was ab6ve in the Caflle.

On the fucceeding Sunday, we came to C.cfaria nf Cap-
pttdocia, where there is a Church of St.BuJil the Great.
About Hfteen Days after, wc came to Iconiiim, making
fmall Journies, and refting in many Places, becaule wc
could not readily procure Horfcs, and my Guide did this
on purpole, taking upon him to follicit his own Bufinefs
three Days in every Town, ai which I was miich dilTati^-
fied.but durft not tpeak, becaufe he might have Ibid or fl.iin
me a.id our Servants, and there was none to hinder it.
I found many Franks at Iconium, and a certain Merchant
called Nicholas de Santlo Sytio, who with a Companion of
his, a Venetian, called liontfaci: de Molandino, carrici) all
the Allum out of Turky, fo that the Soldan could not fell
any but to thofc two ; and they maile it fo dear, that
what was worth but fifteen Bizantines, is now^fold for forty.
My Guide prefented me to Solian \ the Soldan faid he
would willingly caufc me to be conveyed to the Sea of
Armnia., or Qilccia, though the above-mentioned Mct-
chant, knowing that the liaracens made little account of
me, and that 1 was much burthened with the Company
of uiy Guide, caufed me to be conveyed to Curruma, a
I'ort belonging to the King of Armenia. I came thither
before the Ajcenjion, and ilayed till the Day after Pente-
<«/?; then I heard that F.mbalTadors came from the
King to his Father ; then I went Iprcdily to the King's
I ather, to dcmanii whether he had heard any News from
liis Son, and I fount! him fet with all his Sons, one ex-
cepted, called Baru:n Ufin, who relided in a certain Caftle,
and he received News trum his Son that he was returned,
i"d that Man^u-Kban had much eaftd his Tribute, and
hail gncn hini a Pi';vlk;;c that no EmbatTador thould
Nt'MB 40. 1

come into his County ; whereupon the old Man himfelf,
with all his Sons, made a Banquet, and he raufed me to
be conveyed to the Sea, to the Haven called Aijax ; and
thence I patTed over into Cyprus \ and at Nicofia i found
our Provincial, who the fame Day carried me with him to
yJntiocbia, which is in a very weak State. We were there
on the Feaft of St. Peter and Paul, and from thence we
came to Tripolis, where our Chapter was held on the Af-
fumption of the BlelTed Virgin.

59. Our Provincial being determined that I (hould hav«
my Refidence in our Convent at Aeon, would not fufFer
me to come to you ; but commanding me to write unto
you what I would by the Bearer of thefe Prefents j anti
not daring to refift contrary to my Obedience, I didi ac-
cording to my Power, and Underftanding, craving Par-
don of your Clemency, for my Superfluities, or Wants, or
for any thing that tball be indifcreedy or foolitlily fpoken,
as for a Man of little Underftanding, not accultomed to
write long Hiftories. The Peace of God which pafiTeth
all Underftanding preferve your Heart and foiitfy your
Mind. I would willingly fee your Highnefs, and certain
fpiritual Friends, which I have in your Kinedom. Where-
fore if it fhould not be contrary to your Majefty's liking,
I would befeech you to write to our Provincial, that he
would let me come unto you and return fliortly again into
the Holy Land. Concerning Turky, your Majefty fliall
underftand, that the tenth Man there is not a Mohamme-
dan, nay, they are all Armenians and Greeks, and Childretk
rule over them -, for the Soldan, who was conquered bjr
the Tartars, had a lawful Wife of Iberia, by whom he
had one feeble Son, concerning whom he charged that he
(hould be the Soldan. He had another of a Greek Concu-
bine, whom iie committed to a certain great Admiral. The
third he had by a Turk, to whom many Tttrks and
Turcomans being gathered together, they purpofed to
have llain all the Sons of the Chriftians. They had de-
termined alfo, as I underftood^ that after they had got
the Viiftory, they would deftroy all the Churches, and kill
as many as would not become Mohammedans ; but he was
overcome in Battle, and many of his Men flain. He re-
cruited his Army however, a fecond Time, and then was
taken, and is ftill in Prifon. Pacefter the Son of the
Greek Concubine, procured foon after that he might be
Soldan, becaufe the other was weak whom they fent to the
Tartars \ whereupon his Kindred on the Mother's Side,
fuch as the Iberians and the Cnrdi, were angry •, fothat, at
prefent, a Child ruleth in Turky, having no Treafure, few
Soldiers, and many Enemies. The Son of Vejiatius is
Weak, and at war with the Son of AJfau, who likewife
was a Child, and worn out with the Servitude of the Tar-
tars. If therefore an Army of the Church thould come
to the Holy Land, it were a very eafy Thing to fubdue
all thefe Countries, or to pals through them.

The King of Hungary hath not above thirty thoufand
Soldiers. From Cologne to Ccnftantinople, are not above threc-
fcore Days Journey by Waggons ', from Conftantinople are
not fo many Days Journey to the Country of the King of
Armenia. In old Time, valiant Men pafTed through thofe
Countries and profpered ; yet they had moft valiant Op-
ponents whom God hath now deftroyed out of the Eartlr,
and wc need not be in Danger of the Sea, or the Mercy
of Sailors t and the Price which we fhould give for Freight
were fufiicicht for Expehces bjr Land. I fpeak it conli-r
dently, if our Countrymen would go as the Kings of the
Tartars go, and be contented with fuch Viftuals, they
might win the whole World. It feemeth not expedient, as
I think, that any Friar (hould go to the Tartars any more,
as I did, or as the Preaching Friars do ; but ff our Lord
the Pope would fend a Biftiop in an honourable manner and
anfwer their Follies, about which they have thrice writ
to the Franks, once to Pope Innocent the Fourth, of fa-
cred Memory, and twice to your Majefty, once by David^
who deceived you, and how by me, he might fpeak unto
them what he wouldi and alio caufe them to put thete
Things in Writing, for they hear whatfoever an Embat^
fador will fpeak, and always demand if he will lay any
more, but he muft have i?. good Interpreter ; nay, many
Interpreters, and be at large Expences, . .

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590

rk rO TA G E S aftd TR /irELS

Book I.

(k), Such is thf Rflation of tlic Monk RuhujiiiSy \vh()h;ui
the IkA Op;-)ortunity tlut any Man luJ to diut Tinu-, wl
looWinj? into tlic AtVairs ot the Tjiiar), ol' rxuiuiiiiiii;
thfir Korce, ot onqviiiing into the I'uim nl tluir (.itivin
Tiicnt, and mal.i;';; himlcit" iviivdly acquainted with ihtir
M.inntr» and Culloms, ot'wiiKh l\c h»» ^.'.ivcn lii lanjc, li)
ciinous, and lb accurate.' an Ai^coiint. U. lore wt |!iim.Cil
to our Kcmarks t'.-.rcon, it uuy not be amifs to ilcu up
a tcvr I)ti}icuitie.t that </\.tur in thii Kdation, ami v^huli,
tor wont ol Iving t'narly rdolval, iiuy hccvIkih liiiuc
IJoubts in the Mind ol our inqiiilitivc Kcadtri ami ilii; !.■.
the more ncccDary, bcc.ujlc hitherto ncithiiiu ol tin- kind
hai been done, at Icalt in our Laiij^uagc k but tin l\( l.i
tion has Ixrn Ictt naked and unfup^HJiiid to t lie C'cnfuic
ol the l*eruicr, without the leall NtUkc tai^<.n of lh>*fc
1- j^ that mull ntcelVarily cni^arralii hiiji, an ! in t glial
Mcafurc atFcd; the Cadit ot tlic Author. I jiii very U n-
fihle, that many of my Roidcji may be ol Oiiinion, that
1 might ij«re niylcif tome (tart of the I'luubie i uke in
iiluifratinj^ thofe oKi Writers » but 1 Ug kavr to obllivc
once for all, that it is not cither for thcii Intcicll or niiiic«
that I Diould do io. it I had not been thivughly fatisrieii
that thcfc Travcb were tlte bell in their kiiu!, 1 fliuukl
not haw inlcned them; but witli reljjccl to the Woiid,
this is nut enough ; for though I liavc it in luy I'ower to
civc thei.s wlut fecnis to nic niull |)(upcr for luch a Col-
jcclion, yei. ! owe it to them, and to inyllll, to make it
as cvKlcnt as it is poll'iblc, that 1 dilchai^t* tlu:> 'I'rull as 1
ought, and tlut i give them nothing whuh is not tiuly
worthy of their iVrulaJ i and this can no utliriwilo be
<'.nn.% than by obvianog every Ditliculty that iniy i)olTi
t)ly incline them to diHtr from me u\ iJcntuucnl, and ilicie-
ture 1 hope this will jullify nie in the Pains I am till! to
take with regard to tins Author, who, a^ he was a Wii-
ter of ^rcat Candour and Sincerity, fo he has mcniionetl
many I'articulan, which, tho* thiy were well known in
his i'line, an«.i more tfjxxwHy to the IVinie, to whom
thn Work was addrclTed -, yet arc lo imj>irfc<Uy known
to IN, thai without a tlricl Search into tiic I lillories of
thoJe I'imei, it is not cafy to conceive, l\ow tlicy laii be
reconciled to the rell of his Narratkui.

Wc Will lUte thcfc I lauily, and then the Truth of my
Obfervation will be manifcll. In tlie lirll I'lace, it fciins
extraoriiinary that the King of Fraiut Ihould l< fo imuJi
dcceivid With r(l(>ti;t to the tinbalTy that was fcni linn
Irom the -Liritirs, wlu< h occiliontd the whuK: of this
'Iranfaftioni but witii refpecl to lhi>, it apj cau deaily
from the I liilorians tlut have written ilie Urign of vS.iiiit
LfHts, that theic Einbafi'adors came from a ianur 1'iini.e
called Enatibay^ and brouglit with them Lcttrrs whu.h
arc llill extant, and which pofilively aircrt, that 11 was tlic
l)c(ign ot the khan, to 00-opetaie with the ( hnlliaiu, in
crdrr to reduce the Power ol ihc MebtmmeJjHi At the
I \cu\ of this EnibalTy was one DaviJ, who is namn.! u\
tiK? I/tters as one to whom the King of fr.i«>«- might
give » itire Craiit, to which his Majclty might be more
inclined, bciaufe he had in his Company I'riar Andrnu Jt
Ixntumai, whom the Pope had formerly lent into Titrt4-
ry, and who aflbrcd the Kini;, iliat he iiad knowa Da-
'jui there 111 a Poll of DilliiKtiou. Thus l-anlialliilot it
v/as, tlut iKjfitivcly alTertcd, that tlic JUmh wm Ik-coiiic a
Chrillian, and that there was no UilTiculty in ^l^Ol•uling a
clofc Alliance lietwcen him and the Chiillians, Uijoii
this, th'.- K:nt; full lent Iriar .indrev wuJi a lonridcraWe
Number ot Perloas in hw i rain, Iwck with the TVw/jr
A:r.l3JlTadors, in tiic beginning ol Uic V.ar 1 /.^o -, but as
!•> the S-nffcd-i of this Negotiation, we have lio Accou.'.t.
'i litre is another thing a little daik in our Author's Ac-
count, a.'x! liut IS witii relpcci to Ihh CharaCler \ lor tho"
It avi^-ws plainly, that lie w.u, lent by tikc King his Mailer
with 1 ei!-rs to H.-irracb, yet he fi.-ciucntly t lis us tlut lie
did not atitti to Ix thought an Amballador, but dcliie»l
latlier to l>e conthi red as a Monk, wli.* vil'ued 'J'tUfaty
troni his Zoat lor the Ciirilhan Keligion.

Mis Koilonior acting thas, was txi prdirve the Honour
of th'. Kin;',, from luncring thro' any ill rreatiiunt thai he
iniuht meet with, to which he was induced by many Rca
lo-is iHir p.vtici.l.uly by tlirlc two. In the lull pi,u.', he
y>^s pcii.aly lutlslivd, tlut w.'ut had been tcpoiial .1^

"''xr, 1,,..

tn tin- Convetfion of Safftteb, wa< falfo, and
ciufe he was aware the T.ir/ar.t were informed, thjt t^
Kiii;j his Mailer had Ixrn bear in /(^v/x, ■^n^\ ^1^^,, jj '"
ncr thcic; by thf fnfidcls ; whenri- he com Im'cil I'l'i,''
Hiould ii'it meet with a very goo.1 Rn-ption. I'ltth,
fiTc takes great Care to inform the King, that whai'i^r
I'l.igc h; ir.-olvcd, could refleft no Dillionour upon y M,
jeltv, becji. of the Precaution hr had taken toiume
no l.iglin Ciu.i^acr than that of a Monk, who umt n
iiica. h flic Chridian Religion to the T»rl/irj. But (lit
Uiadrrs may very probably wonder why the '/"nr/^r PruKC
i:>,alihuy, Ihould take fuch a Step as this, in otdtr w
miririd lb great a Monarch, and yet, if he advenstoihe
Account our Author has given of^ the Genius and Difpofi.
lioMsof the r.?r/(;r/, he will ealiiy perceive, thatthiswj
u .Siiiikc of their I'olicy, and no vciy bad one. They had
a ^!ind to be pcrfcdlly acciainted with a Defigti of the
Ftihitu tlirir Forces, and the Manner in which thnin.
tended to carry on the War againft the S»tmi\ nor
rould thry fall iTjM>n a Way more proper than thiiforic.
foniolifhing their Ends. The Charafttr aflfbrded, by our
Aiitfior, to the Tartars, n juftified by all Writer?, both
am lent and modern ; for their Policy with rcfpcQ to fo.
reign Countries, confids entirely in Cunning and Subnlty;
for not having the Advantages that other Nations have of
free Commerre and conllant Intercourfe with the Inhabi-
tants of dillaiit Countries they fupply themfclvcs with In-
telligence by fuch Artifices as thefe, Some petty firiw
Priiuc takes upon him to fend Miniftcrs to foreign Courts,
w hofe Bunncis it is, under Colour of a Negotiatioo, to
get the liell Accounts they can of the Regions in which
tluy refidc, in order to fcrvc their Countrymen whenfvfr
Occafion oilers as Harbingers or Guides-, and as they de-
pend on thefe Arts in Time of Peace, fo they place all
tluir Confidence in War, in the Q^iickncls of their Mo-
tion, and in that Rapidity with wh,--'i they over-ran (vm
guat Countries, before the Inhabitants have Time to take
pi(M>er Mcaftircs for their Defence,

It was for thefe Reafons, and to fave the Honour of the
Kin;; his Mailer, that our Author denied that any Emhif-
Lidors had brcn fent to MngulUjan, for he coiifidered
Iriar /tmlrrw as fent only to the Prince, who wrote to the
King his Mailer, and not to the great Khan, of whom it
does not appear that the I'mcb had any juft Ideal, till they
were derived to them by this Relation. We may add 10
all tlii;i, that our Author was fomcthing diffident as to the
Chararter which DdvWafllimcd, by his giving us to under-
Hand, tlut in thofc Days there were a certain bad fcrt of
People, who in thefe rcinott Parts of the World, rade
a Praiflicc of giving thcmfelvcs out for the Miritii
of Princes they fcarce knew, and made a Livelihood by
fuch ftrangc Exploits. He likewife feems to be fully fcf-
tic-d, that the feallcrn Chrillians in general were Men ot
great Vivacity, and fo fertile in their Imagination!, iha
evciy thing they law or heard apj^earcd to them in rhe
1 .ight of a Wonder, and as ftKh they reported it wherever
tlicv came, to fervc their own 1*111] ofcs.

Upon thefe Principles he grouwls th? political P'^ <"
his Work, in which Jie fccms to labour with all his font
to elUblilh thefe two Maxims. The firll, that it was not
either falc or honourable to aim at making AHianaswith
the Tarlart, who were in his Si.ntimfnt5 a fierce intr^ti-
blc fort of People, very proud of their cxtraorainaryte-
telTej, and wlio underrt.iod all Applications nUiie to :..--.ii.
as priKeeding from Pear. I'he fccond, that thur im
was nothing near Co great .is it had been re prelbnted, 1) jMi
there W.IS Gr Ids Dangerlilic to accrue from the re^arJ.n,
them .IS linemies, tlian from treatini^ with them as hriews,
into which Notion he w.ls led by ol.'lervinR, that tlifir 1 ..
. ipline was not cxaft, that they were utterly uracquaintoi
with th.- regular Art of War, and no ^ 7 capaWeot aj
tying it on auainfl fuch as flood ui>on their .uan, an-
weu prcparc-d to meet them in thr l"-IJ ^'f^ff ,';"
plined Armies. That which feems to be the Ml M^^l
ible I'arr of his Work, is his ftrong Att.ichrwnt to t-
I
h

line rarr oi nis worK, is on "iwii^i - ...

•,!>,•. and his higli Nodons of hisI'ow:r, bo'hf J' '
J.va, are in f-me meafuic excuf.il ^ <jn -rJ-J^
Age in which he lived, and the Condia ^ d "f^^^

IlulC llllKk,

wliolookuponthcmtocxcommunicaKa.

Cliap. II.

of William de Rubruquis.

ikiioli' till' greateft Princes in Chfiftcmlom, as tlic Cafe then
vvjs with tiie Knipcror, or to feiiJ tlicni into tlic inoft lii-
(lint l^arts of the Worlil, under Pretences of Reliyion, us
apmiars from the Exiniiitions uniiertalien by liis Maltcr
King Louii, which were as unfortunate in tiitir Event, a^
,11 roiinUed in their Principles.

But it is now Time to add a few Obfervatlons with rcfncifl
to the Ufefulncfs of tliis Work, as it (lands in this Collec-
tion, and to Ihew how far the Travels of Ruiruquis con-
tributed to make tlie VVcllcrn Parts of the World acquaint-
id with tlic Pafliiges into the Eaft, its well as with what
wu doing there, and the Force of the fcvcral Monarchs
that were in PoflcAion of thofe Countries at the Time he
vifitcd them.

6i. The Travels of Rubruquit arc equally aftonifliing in
whatever Light they arc conndercd. 'lake them with rc-
foert to I^ength, and they extend to upwards of five thou-
(and Miles one Way, and to near fix tnouliind another. I
mean from CmJlantinefUp his going out, and to Aeon ot
PtiUmit in his Return, which is fucn a Space of Ground
as it will not be rafy to find any Man that has travcrfed,
and left us fo diftind an Account of what he has ften. But
if Travels are not lb confiderablc from their Length as from
the Nature of ^he Countries that are travelled through, then
here again is a new Proof of the Value of this Performance,
fince it is certain no Europian, except jfobn CarftH, ever
travelled fo far before, neither have we any Accounts of
Travels of the famo kind fince, that, only excepted, which
foltows in die next Seftiop, and from which we have re-
ttived here in Europe the firll certain Accounts of Chinat
and the firft Notice we had of there being in the World
fuch a Country as Japan. We fliall apprehend this Matter
better, if we take a fliort View of the Countries through
which our Monk paflTed by the Names they arc known to
us at preftnt. It is plain, that from Conftunlinople he failed
crofs the Bkck-Std to the Port of Caffn ; Torn thence he
travelled by Land all the reft ol the Way, that is to fay,
full through Crim tarttiry^ then crolTing the great Rivc-is,
litnai! and yolga, he came into the Country of Bolgar, and
to the Camp of Baatu, thence through the vatt Country
of the Calmucks, and to North-E ift ward to the Court of
Miiigu-K,'-~H, whicii, according lo his Defcription, nnift
have lain in the Latitude of fifty Degrees North, or fonic-
what more, and confidcrably higher than what is now called
the Cbitiefe Tartary. In his Return he taff.d thro' all tlie
vaft Defarts of Gna: 7'arlary, though the Country of the
Moiuls, and fo by the Head of the Cafpian Sea, and then
along the Weft Side of it through the Countries of Georgia^
/Irmnia, Curdt/lau, Diarbeck, and fo into Syria ; all which
Countries then were, and moll of them are ftill, in the
Hands of tlw tartan^ of whom he has given us fuch an
Account as is not only very confident with itfcif, and car-
ries therein the ilrongcft Marks of Veracity, but is very
apecable alfo to the bed Accounts we have fince received
d thofe Countries.

As our Author was not acquainted with the Language
of the Tdrtars, and did not remain long enough amongft
them to acquire it in that Degree of Perfedion which was
ncefliiry to read and to underfland their Hiftories, we
need not at all wonder at fomc fmall Fjrors that have
tfcapcd him in Points of no great Confcquencc. As for
Ini\ance, in what he tells us ai Zingii-Khan, who he makts
a I'arrici, as other Writers have done a Blackfmith, I (hall
not trouble the Reader with Remarks on the right fpclling
ol tliis Word Zingisy which I have alrcaily given them as
it ought to be fpelt, and have fince conformed to our Au-
thoi's Manner of writing it, that the Reader might find lei's
riitiiculty in comparing this with other Books of the fame
•^''1^1. I iiy, I fhall not infift on ilich Trifles, but fliall
co.nttnt myklf with observing, that ZingiSy however fpelt,
is an Adjcdivc, and fignifics properly the glittering or
frilling of Steel ; whence fpruiig tiie Notion, that this
i'rincc W.1S originally of fome Trade in whicli Iron or Steel
was employed, becaufc all the 'Tiirtars rcprcfented him as
a Man, who from low Beginr.inns had railed himfelf to
uiiivcrfal Empire, and afpcrfcd i.ini at tlie dmc time from
the Cohfiiitraiion of his having depriMil tliem of their
Irrtiloiii and Independcney •, Inir anior.g the ^I'artars thtiii-
'''ves, tiiis Ap]-.clla',ioii wa$ takiii in an iioi'.ourable Senfe,
3

591

Zhgii fipnifying with them illuftrious, and Zingis-Khan
fignilies htrerally, the moft illiillrioiis Monarch.

As to the Reli(',it>n of this Prince, it was undoubtedly
that of his Country, concerning which we have a great deal
in Rubruquis agreeable to what he faw and heard, but not
fo clearly cxpreircd, as that wj fliould be able to fay pre-
cil'cly what is the Faith of the Tartars. Our Author is cer-'
tainly in the Wrong as to Prclbyter John, of whom fuch
a Nolle has been made in the World, and alwut whom fo
little can ftill be faid with any Certainty. What led him
into the Miftake was this \ Tujan was the Khan of tlic
Naymans, defeated and killeil by Ziniii-Kban, and it was
from the Likcnelii of liis Name to John, that our Author
took it for granted he was that John the Prieft fo well
known to the World. But after all, the Prelbytcr John is
ftill in being, and is no other than the crand Lama, or Su-

!>reme PontilFof the Tartars, who relidcs, as wc have be-
ore obfervcd, in the Kingdom of Tangut, and is in the
Opinion of the wiiolc Tartar Nation, immoral. The
Tri'th of the Matter is, that he is an Ecclefiaftical Prince,
whofe Fame and Credit is very extenfive, tho* his Power
be very rcftraincii. He refidw in a Monaftery furtcunrfed
by his Monks, who, whenever he dies, fupply his Place
from among thehifelvcs, and keep this Secret fo rcligioufly,
that all the Tartars an; as firmly pcrfuaded that their grand
Lama lives for ever, as that the Sun always fliines. This
ftrvcs to explain another CIrcumftance, that at firft Sight
might fctm very idle and ridiculous to the Reader, I mean
the Qi^icllion put to Rubruquis, whether the Pope was not
four or five hundred Years old. It is very plain from
hence, that they confidered the Pope as the grand Lama of
the Well, and ha\'ing Iicird tlic Romijh Priefts infift much
on the Perpetuity of the Church, they referred all this to
the Perion of the Pope, and fuppofed this fpiritual Mo-
narch to be immortal like their own.

If I durft avow my own Sentiments plainly, I fliould
fay, that there is no better Evidence of the Idolatry of the
Tartars, than of the Papifts \ and this without intending
any high RefledVion on the Membersof the Remijh Church j
for both have Images or Idolii, both feem to worlhip them,
and yet both when charged with it abfolutely deny the Faft.
Our Author plainly owns, that Mangu-Kban told him ex-
iirelsly he worfliipped but one God, and that the Tartar
I'riefts, whom he charges very freely with Idolatry, dif^
owned it themfclves, and af'irmed that they reverence their
Images only, and (''d r' . worihip them. But after all,
it plainly appears, th iiicy kept the Secret of their Reli-
gion fo well, that our Author never fo much as heard of
the Grand Lama, and confequently could know nothing
at all of the Grounds of their Religion, which, to deal
plainly with the Reader, remains full as great a Myftery to
this Day.

It is a IVint that the Tartars will never be brought to
explain in any manner whatever \ and after all the Pains
that 1 have been able to take in order to obtain fome fore
of Certainty on this Head, I am able to fay no more of it
than this, that whatDoArines the Lamas or Priefts teach pub-
lickly, arc reftrained to thcfc three Points : I. That there is
one Goil the Fountain of Being, the Creator of all things,
the Ruler of all things, and the folc Objeft of Divine Worfljip.
II. That all Men in general arc his Creatures, and therefore
ought to confider each other as Brethren defcended from one
common Parent,^ and alike entitled to all the Blcffings he
bellows, and that therefore it is great Impiety to abufe thofe
Bleflings, or to injure each otiicr. III. That inafmuch as
the common Rcafon of Mankind hath taught them to
eftablilh Property, it is neccffary that it it fhould be pre-
ferved, and that it is therefore the Duty of every Man to
be content with his own, and to be juft to his Neighbours.
This Religion thefe Priefts not only teach, but praftife
with irreproachable Exaftnefs j and therefore Rubruquis
very fairiy owns, that the Regularity of their Manners hin-
dered the Progrcfs of the Chriftian Religion, not becaufc
the Dol'U ines of the latter were at all inferior in Saniflity to
tholi: ot the former, but becaufe in point of Purity of
Manners the Ntftorians and other Chriftians were very
delieient.

After (Sitting this Subjeft in the beft Light wc are able,
the Reader will not liiu'i it at all difficult to apprehend a

thing

!f r.

'i\\

•HI

'ij

m ■ r f

1,1 n

Hi ia ;;i

iii

! ¥

The VOYAGES and tRA FELS

591

whit cxtTfamljf puzzlrtl, not only our Author, but all who
have wrote ot the Affairs of the Tartars^ anil it is this •.
that they are abfolutcly imlifTcrcnt as to other Religions,
entirtuii)inK all with equal Kcfpeft, whether Ctripam,
Mehammtidns, or Jtwi, which proceeds from their fintliiig
the lunilaincntal Frintiplc-s of their own Religion taught by
them all, and praftilKI by none that come amonijll them
better tlian by thcmfelves, or by their Friclls.

Wc fioil in Rulruqitis, Conic mention made of a Na-
tion called .liba^in, of whom it will be requifite to give
the Reader lomc Account! they arc the lame that are
mtntioncd by our antitnt lliftorians, und'T the Icvtral
Names of Hu/(fmi, yij^ti, AJJuJJiHS^ /tJfaniUi, and Cba-
JUnit and wire m Truth as o»ld a Sort of IVopic as ever
cxirted. They ixjOlircd a Traft of Country which con-
tained twelve Calllcs and Villages in the Neigh l)ourh(X)d
of 73rt^ were a mix'd Race ot Men, and for a Iv)ng time
made no ProfelTion of any Religion, but pradifcd a loofc
Kind of ^/«/'<7«)Wfi//»i, and were Tributaria, fitft to the
Knights Templars, and tlicn to the Chriftian Tarls of Trl-
fc!j. In the eleventh Century, they would have declared
thcmfelves Chriftians, if they might have been releafed
from that Tribute •, but this was rcfufcd, and they grew
thenceforward the moft bitter Enemies the Chriftians had.

Thcfe People were governed by a Prince ftilcd by our
old Hillorians, the old Man of the Mountain, who find-
ing hitiifelf futfuundcd by States much more jxjwerfu!
than his own, deviled a new and ftrange Way ot making
himfelf equally dreadful to his Neighbours and to Stran-
gers. He gave out, that he only was the true Vicar
of Mibtmmed, and that he had the Keys of Para-
dife in his Hands: To fupport which Notion, he caufed
a fine Garden to be laid out, in a Valley, near his Palace,
adoincd in every rtfoeft, fo as to refembic the Paradifc of
that Prophet ; he likcwife provided a fort of Opiate, and
whenever he faw a young Man of a daring and refolutc
Temper, he fcnt for him, and promifcd him the perpe-
tual tjiioymcnt of all fcnfual Delights, if he would exe-
cute boldly whatever he commanded \ and by way of ear-
nefl, having given him the Opiate to drink, caufed him to
be carried while aflecp into his Ganien, where, when he
awoke, he found every thing he could with for, and ma-
ny beautiful Women to attend him \ when he had re-
mained there a certain time, the Opiate was again admi-
niftred, and he was conveyed back when afieep, to the
Palace, where the old Man of the Mountain promifcd
him, that provided he fuHiikd all his Commands during
Life, he InouW dwell after Death ixriKtually in that
Garden.

By this Artifice, he eftablidicd an Order of Men ready
to vtnturcon whatever he commanded, and whcnany Prince
made War ujx>n him, he difjjatchcd three or four of thefc
young Villains to his Court, or Camp, with Inftrinftions
to murder him, which they never failed to jx-rform. It
was by their Hands that Louis of Bavaria was killed in
the Year 1231, and in 1251, he difpatched four of them
with the like Commiffion to the Court of Leuis IX. but
fuddenly alttiing his Mind, he difpatched four more with
counter Orders, who made fuch haftc, that they arri.--d
at the Fremk Court before the former, and difcovering
thcmfelves to King lj)uis^ remained always near his Pcr-
fon, to prifirvc him from their Companions, whom they
likcwilc dikovcnd at their Arrival, and* for this Service,
the FrtHih Monarch fcnt them back to their Master, load-
ed with Pickiits. By this Means the old Man of the
Mountain lx-i;im» terrible, even to tlu: molV powerful Mo-
i-.archsi and from the Piafticc of his dcfjicrate Bravos,
wc have the Word AfTanias and the l>hrafe of AnkflJna-
tion, lor Murders of this Nature. This Praftice was con-
tinued to the Time of which an Author fpcaks, a little
alter which, the whole Nation was extirpated by the
7aners.

Book I.

Thcfe arc all the F-ift^ mentioned in Im Writinr, ,1. ,
leem it, ftand in Nerd of Kxplanati„n. tmh, .;'; !
what he Im delivered concerning the VVitchrraltarJSw!
* .A' t» thrfc. wc inn only fjy/,r

ccries of the Tartars.

i:ut

'art

thry arc (\ill much jd.'ic'lcd to fuch Sinx-rili'iom an
thereby cxiwled, as he has (hewn us r., many \mJZ
and abundance of Mifchiefs th.n attend thrm But in I
Particular he is mittakcn, which is in ronfoundirr- the ftV
arers with the 1 amas. or Tartar Priefts, wlit^cj, ,i,."
are quite difFerent Perfons, What he relates of the 7
vination by the Blade-bono, is confirmed by all aC
Travellers, and is a Sort of Folly prafliled hy the l!
hndm and other northern Nations. A Folly ridicubi
and ablurd indeed, but not more fo than the other Arts of
nivination, which have prevailed in politer Countrici and
which arc not prrhaiis wholly extinguilhed at this ba.
What he fays in relation to the fprinkling of Alhtson
the Floor, relates to another fupcrftitious Cufom of the
lame kind, which gave Birth to that kind of Fomme-
trlhng called CfComancy, which was transferred to £1,
repc \ and about which fcveral Treatifcs have been writtw
and one prticularly in our own Tongue, not many Yta«
ago, which I mention to (hew not only the Probability of
what Rubruquis has related, but likcwife to dcmonllnitt
that the giving into fuch foolifh Prafticcs is notpwuliario
fuch Nations as we eficem harliarous j though 1 (hall rea-
dily allow, that it is a Mark of Stupidity and Barbarity
where-evcr it appears.

We have no ceruin Account how this Rtlationof/fn.
brunHit was received by the King his Mafter, butinallPfo-
bability it was verv agreeable to him, fince, though that
Prince, after his Return to France, took all imagiiublt
Pains to fet the Affairs of his Kingdom in Order, jnj to
reform the Abufes that had crept into it during his Ab-
fence : Yet he ftill retained a ftrong Defire of repairing ilfo
the Difgracc he had fulhined in his former Exptdition,
by renewing the War againft the Infidels, which dcicr-
mined him to make another txpedition againft thtm,
and this, notwithftanding all the Oppfition that could be
made to it, he undertook in the Spring of the Year n;o.
He tranfjiorted on this Occafion a numerous Army into
Africa^ refolving to begin the Operations of the War*iih
reducing the Kingdom and City of Ti'W, to whidi he
laid Siege. But before he had madr any grtat Progiti
towards taking the Place, the Plague broke outinhii
Army, and the King being infe<;ied therewith, died on
the I'wenty-fifth of Augufi the fame Year.

The bcft Frtnib Hidorians, as well as thcfe of other
Nations, condemn thcfe Kinds of Fxpeditionj, is idle
and nomanlick \ and yet it cannot be denied, that if this
Spirit of making War againft the Infidels had not been
rsifed at that Time, it is more than probable, that the
MebammedoHi would have over-run the heft Part of Eu-
rope ; whereas in confequcnce of this Spirit, they were
driven out of Portugal and Spain, to which I mull ciitc
Leave to add, that the Travels of Rubrutpit, and others
into different Parts of the Eaft, firft infpircd that Pi&ii
for Difcoverics, which has fince produced fuch mighty
Effefts. Before that Time, we knew little or nothing la
this Part of the Worid of the Situation of diftint Coun-
tries ; and thofc who affefted to be thought great Wits, !i-
bourcd to difcrcdit whatever was delivered in Rekions^
this Kind, which prevailed in fome Places; and if it hid
prevailed in all, wc had been, at this Day, as ignorant, u
poor, and as much Slaves as our Anccftors were Wore
that Spirit of Commerce arofe, that ha not onlyulco-
vered both the Indtes, but has taught Men of Counge,
that the whole World is their Country j and that he »M
improves ufeful Knowledge , if not prop"'/ f"^°'!;
raged at home, will be a welcome Gueft whcrwver nc
goes.

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Chap. 11.

of M \K CO Polo. . y)'r

593

SECTION XXI. . '

Tie curious and rmurhabU Voyages and Travels of Marco Polo, a Gentleman of Venice,
'who in the Middle^ the Xlllth Century, pajjed through a great Part of Afia, all the
Dofninions of the TartarB, and returned home by Sea through the IJlands of the Eaft-
Indies.

Taken chiefly from the accurate Edition of Riimufio, compared with an original Manufcript in his Prufian
Majcfty's Library, and with mod of tlic Tranflations hitherto publirticd.

I. AfuccinSi Introduction to this f^ork. 2. yin Account of the Author from Ramnfio, md other JVr iters,
3. 'Thcfeveral Editions and principal Tranjlations that have been publijhed of thefe Travels. 4. An Ac-
count of the OhjeSiions that have been raifed againji them, 5. The Charai/ers given of this Perfcriiuwce
hyfeveral eminent Criticks. 6. The Author's introdu£lory Account, containing an Abridgment oj hit Tra-
vels to the Time of his Return to Venice, j. A D'fcription o/' Armenia the Leffcr, of the Country of tk

Turks, of Armenia the Greater, of the Province of Zorzania, the Kingdom of Moful, of the 'City of

BaUiach.tfrBagdat, «/■//'<• 6V/y o/'Tauris, with an Account of a remarkable Earthquake. 8. OfthcCountn

"" '• 'he City of Jafdi, the City of Ccxmzm, of the Town c/C\iinuiidu, andoj the Country wlvre Rhubarb

Offeveral other Countries, and the principal Curiofities in them, i o. The Hiliory of the A[faf-

tbe Mc ' •••••— • • . ^

e/*Pcrfia, the Cits of Jafdi, the CV/yo/'Cermam, of the Town c/C\iinuiidu, and of the Country wh>-re Rhubarb
grows. 9. Offeveral other Countries, and the principal Curiofities in them, i o. The Ili/i.vy of the Afaf-
fm, and of the Manner in which their Prince was killed, together with the Defer iption of many other Oaik-
tries. 1 1. Of the City of Samarcand, the Town of Lop, and of 'he gr''at Dtfiirt in it< Neighbourhood,
•with other remarkable Pajiiges. 12. Of the Province of Camul, ti.:dfeveral other Countt ics to the City of
E/ina, and another great Defart. 13. O/' the City of Caracarum, and of the TartArs, loilh a coiiiplciit
Hiffory of that Nation, and of their Monarchs. 14. Of the vafl Countries to the Northiuard c/"Taitary,
and many other curious Particulars, i c. Of the great Power of Cublai Khan, of his GoverKtmiit, Fa-
mily, Dominions, &c. 16. Of his Palace in the City o/CimbaUj, a particular Dcflription cf thct City,
and other remarkable Obfervations. 17. Of thi Magnificence of the Court of the Grand Kiwi, a.-iJ cf the
Manners and Cufloms oj his Subfcc/s. 1 8. A copious Account of the Countries between the Ptac' of his Rc/i-
dence, and the Country 0/" Thibet. 19. A large Defer iption of the lafl mentioned Proi-ince, and rf many
others, with an Account of the Obfervations made by the Author in his Progrcfs through them. 20. Of the
Province o/'Mangi, and of the Manner in which it was reduced under the Power of the Tait.in, toge-
ther with an Account of the Provinces and Cities, afterwards reduced under their Dominion. 21. Of the
noble City of Quinfai, and of the vafl Revenues drawn from thence by the Emperor of the Tartars.
22. Of the Ifland of 7lpangri, and of the Attempts made by the Tartars to conquer it, and tk'ir Mifear-
riage in them. 2J. A large Account of various Countries, Provinces, Cities and If lands in the Eull-Indics.
24. Of the great Ifland '^''"Ceylon, of the Kingdom e/" Malabar, and the State of other Countries '■gifted by
the Author. 25. Of the Kingdom of Murfili, the Diamond Mines there, and other Countries afuicent.
26. Of the Ifland of Madig^kiT, the Country of Ethioitu, and other Parts of hinc^. 27. Of the Pro-
vince of Aden, and of feverat Countries reputed to be inaccef/ible. 28. Many ohf'cure Piifjages in this
Performance explained. 29. Remarks and Obfervations.

I. TT is with ancient Writers, as with ancient Coins, fuch
A as umlcrftand them value them above mcafurc, while
fuch as will not be at fufficient Pains to examine them, not
only defpifc them, but alfo fuch a; admire them. Thus none
are more governed by Prejudice than thofe who declaim
againll it, and none greater Bigots than fuch as are attaciied
to their own Opinions, from a Notion that they think
freely. Yet this Zeal for Freedom of Thought ought to
be amended rather than difcouraged, as being in itfelf com-
mendable, though fometimcs dangerous, by being milap-
plicd. It may, and to fay the Truth, to m.iny it does ftcm
a tedious and difagrceable Labour to look lb far back as
the firft Springs and Dawnings of Knowledge, yet, how-
ever tluy may colour this with I'retcntes to rclined Talle,
It is in faft no better than an Excufe for Idlenefs, and a
Dillike to the taking that Pains which is requifite to fucceed
in fuch Enquiries.

The Travels of Marco Polo are indeed very old, and are
come into our Hands with confuicrable De fefts, but they
are vcy valuable for all that, and very well worthy of our
Attention. He was the Columbus of the Eajl-Indies, the
firlt that gave a certain and dillindt Account of the Sea be-
yond China, and of the free Paflage thereby through all
tilt. Iflands of the Eaft- Indies, back into thofe Countries that
were very well known. It is true, that a great Part of
*liu he related, though delivered with much Solemnity,
W(l confirmed by the ftrongell Afleverations, was much
Cjillcd in Qiiellion, and thought in fome mcafurc beyond
j'l Bclitf But fubfequent Difcovcrics have banilhed this
Incredulity, and what were once cfteemed I-'abks have been
Numb. XLI.

fince found true Relations •, and the Difcourfcs of Marco
Pc.'o, that were rejefted by the fupercilious Wits of his own
time have been raked out of the Dull of old Libraries, de-
cyphered in a manner from the barbarous LtJtiii of monkidi
Tranflators, and brought into the Form v.e now have the.ni
by the indefatigable Pains of the learned Ramiifio.

A Man whofe Countenance alone might be fufficient to
give Credit to tiiis, or any other Work, thougli from the
Notes we have added, it will appear that there arc in-
trinfick Marks of its A'aiuc in the Perform.ince itfelf: Yet
we owe to Ramufto the being able to difcover thefe, and
therefore to him we willingly afcribc all the Glory that rc-
fults from the Vindic.ition of this curious Piece, and the
Honour of its illuftrious Author. To the fame excellent
Perfon is due the Account we have received of feveral Par-
ticulars icLiting to tiie perfonal Hiftory ai Murco Palo and
his Family, of which in as few Words as polfible we fliall
give the Reader a Relation •, which, though not abluiutely
neicfliiry, to the underltanding the Book, will be found
ufeful and entertaining.

2. Signior Nicolo Polo, the Father of our Author, and
his Brother Signior Majjio, began their Tr;ivels from Cat'
flanlinople in the Year i a 50, and having proceeded to the
Court of the Grand Khan of Tnrtan; refidcd there for
many Years, and returned, as the Reader will (ec, to l-'cnicc,
about the Year 1269, where they found the \\\k of Sig-
nior Nicolo ileceafed, and her Son, of whom llie w.is !.."c
big at the Time of ilieir Departure, a well acccmplilhcd
Youth, of nineteen Years ul Age- 1 ^'"i ''"7 ^ •"' '""•' '^^'•'k
with them to the Court of the Kiian, and aftei- ha\ iter ipei.t

7 M twenty-

^' I

I; ■■i

rk ro TAGE S am! TH A FE L S Bookl.

t*rnty-fix YiarJ mure without ii\y Newt Uitu; lirJril ot
ihi'ni t'y ttit :r iTifinJ* at latuf, rcturiK.l Ultly tliitlitr tn
ffjr Vi.ir li'j;. Oil tlitir Arrival at their own Houlc in
A/, [fjn Unyi/i^m'sSinit, thry towiul thcmlclvr* m 4
llioiigt S)iiiiiiii>n, Ixin^ nut only worn rntirly out (if the
Mciiiury ot thcu Family .iml A(quaint.-incc, but having
loll in a moiJiur tijr vtiy 1 dLciu ot their Country, bring
I'en'nii- •/... . -> in lli i Sj^nh A\ wdl js ihcir Habit, «nd
thctetfirc umlvi ii NectlVuy of taking liinK- cxlrooninuirjr
^tt||^ to rciovcr ihc Kri^-vcl Jiut Ucviuncc ilu( to llirni,
ly co: v.iiiing ihc WDikl th.it they wire really noble k't-
nttuuu, ami lite iniiividiial I'rrluns whn hod been fo long
lull t» tlu'ir Cuu»ity onJ Itmuls.

It \SM Willi ih!% View liut they (',avc a magnifircnt Kn-
tntainnuiu to tlicir KcU.-ns, at winch ilicv all three came
lorth in iich Suitt ot Ciiinlljnfatin, of which, when the
(iiirt!< were J<ai«l,th<-y tUipped thcnilHvM, and gavf ehem
III (in .Viv.i.itM i)f>|>iarii4;(irxt in Crimlon-damolk, theic
^iiu ilicy |>ut otr at (he Utt bervicc, atui bcllowiil like-
wtf on the Seivano, ln-ing ther- ilnlled in Crimfon-
vdvrt. Wli' II Dinner \V4> over, ami oii who waited
Nwdutiawn, Mar,} yv.j brought out tluii Cuati of Tar-
Itiii.i'i Clutli or 1 lit, aiul out of their Foldings nro-
iiiKivl an in<.rcdilJi iji^..iiuity of rich J[( v. cU, among which
(licrc wac Uwn- well known to thoie prcknt, and which
inJilj'mably iirovrvj chile Stran|i;rr» of the P«l» Family,
b^i'jinof A/j/i/i/ Pell Ixcamc a worthy Migtllrate of y*-
nutt *n,\ livcti Olid died in Peace.

As lur our Auilioi itigniur Alarie, a lew Months aFtc-r
!iii Ketuin, the (itniKJt Admiral Limp.i JKria coming
v.ich .1 1 Icrt ol Icvciity (iallics to the Idaiul ol QtrxoLi,
ilicy iittcd out irom i tnut, under tlie Ciinnun.! uf .In-
Jrta Dii>!.!:!'^, t great naval Forte, in winch he had the
Command ^.t a (jalley, and was lu unlurky as to Ix t.ik< n
Prifoiier and carrieil tu (Jnea, where he re.Tiaincd in fjMglit
ol all tin- Ortcn that were m.vic for liii Ranlbm fivctal
Vcais i l(> that hi^ Father drijuiiing of his Krturn,and de-
liromiiiat hisownOtViprin^; might in.'ient his Riches, morri-
(il a leoiul 1 line, and hot.! three Cliildrtn. In the 1 imc of
till* lni|)iituiuneiir itil the young Noi)ili(y of 6>«m rr-
t jrtcil to our Mitrco to hear the Kccital ut hu Voyages and
Adventures, which gave them lo great Satista^tion, that
one of them prevailed M\ion him to fend for his Notes
from I'tnue \ and when thus aflitled, wrote from his own
M</ut!i the following Hiftory \n lMin\ fmni whence it
was tranratcd into Itjlian ; and thL'. Iijian was aj',aiii
tranrtattd into L^nin, ami .ibridped \ whence grew that
prodigious Con uj)! ion lit julUy compUinrd of in the fiifl
printed Copies. This Work of Marco' n w.is fupportcd
Ly the 'I iltinu.i.y ot his Father, and by that of hn Un-
tie on hii Death-bid. At lall Marco hiiiifclt obtained his
J,ilxtty, iTiiirnc-d to I'tnut, married, and had two
Ji4iii;h:ers Muriiu and fjutina, but ha,! no male IfTue.
1 Ic dial as he lived, beloved and admired by all who
kiuw orcoiiv-iud wiiii hiin -, for with the Advantages of
Hirth ami Fo.'tune he was humble, and nutic no other
Uie ot Ins ytJi Iniercll in tiic ."i^tate than to do good.

3. VKe have a.ie.uiy i],iwi-, that this Work was origi-
nally written m l.,:!i>,, and il not by liie AutliorM lar.d,
at lia;V ii.,ia 1...S Mouili i liiit iltei ihc JjultaH Verfion that
was iiuv-.L ot It, the t ojjies ol the I^;ih Manulirript Ijc-
i«me exiicincly r.ue. iiifummh that the //rf//<j/i Tranlla-
tion wo* uk'.n \jf Uic Or:o,i.al. One Jrjncij Pcpin a
Monk, irar.'Ltnl ir into Imih, and abridged it at the
CoiiiiDand ol Ins SujK-riois -, and it li a Copy of this Ma-
r^iilcdi.t that 1% 11. liiir l.ibiary ol the King of /V/^i.
It was pji.Ucd at lUi/ti by the Care <-l the (clcbr.itcd
l\iii!ftiM.', and alicrwards in other Places. It was from
one ot thclc Copn s tiiat it was tianilatrtd by Ilaklml, ot
whKli PurJas lo heavily, ami, at the kimc Time, fo
jullly compLiiiv Hmiu/io uxjV. a gr.at dial of Pains, as
wJ! in lel'.-i.i.^ tli«S-iirc and tlu- Text ot our Author, as
lii lullityin- hik Ciur.icter, and luppoitiug the ( rcdii ot his
Wotk by nv. l-arncd Uilourlls. He- wa, alfilteJ therein
by a Copy 01 the oiiginol lAiiin M.inurcni<, *'"^ '' was
lent hi. II by hi* Iricad .S' tgiiior C y/', Wishcut which it
had h;rn ini;>oJiLlt I'jr bim iw have bi ought it into fo
\ti.nx\ OtJ., r iL, w: now (Vc it.

'I htii- l.as iKin, iHiidcs ilic Trinllations already men-
t.on.'.I, A[ k-ail i,s,, 111 the C rmmi l^i^^mrz. h waa

prmte.1 in /Vr/ir^i^// at Lijhn in ifoi, and it h^^ h»«,
leveral Fmus tranllated into I)y,,h. | have KtnT
nviie partKular m the Account ol thele A.Khtion, .m
Irannations. ^'^<•'»ilf they ditVer very nu^hlr.mc.;
other i to th.it the <,nly Way to cnir.; at a .omnjut \ J
ot the Aufhur, u by collrtfing and cumpannu,tirt,. ,
Wotk of iiifiiiue Paini and labour, m whiih howcv,
we have the AtTiftance of .InJrcw MuHcr a Jcinif,! c,r
man Cricick, and ot Pmr Btrrnm a hrmlm»» .i„
next to Rtmufio, was, of all others, the mollcawbkj
fuch an Undertaking, and has fuc reeded in ir thchoT

There was, however, one Thmg wantrM, wluOi ,,4,
the juHityit»g tlie D.ue^ ircritying the F.ift,. 4mlr,LU,,
ing the oblcure Na.nei uf PUrs which occur in ihdc
Travels i and this we have done, m the Ik Hot uur .\biliiy
h this Trantlation, fo that the Header may b- f«isiitj ihj,,'
hr has the Work of thii ancient Wrirer as entire, iivlin«
good Condition as ir was in our Power to give it him,

4. There luvc kcii abuiu!.inct ol t^lijeibons iiKd
againtl tJic CmJit and Autlu;rity ol tin:. Wrwcr, bjav oi
wliich, as they were loundesl on the Errors ot Triiiiliaibrri
and Tranflaton, are tiKen .iway by rrlloring our AiuWt'i
genuine Scnfe » and therefore we wtrA nut mcnt on thcni par.
ticularly \ but thffe are others whuli dtlerve mon RfuJ
It is fail!, that our Author mentiuned lomr Cduntriffrii
many Places t.'iat were never hrurti of briurc or fmcc. .\
Ihrewd Obic^ltion this, iiufmuih 11 it terms to rrtirefcn:
all the Pains tiiat has been taken about hit Wntinfp, u
cntiiely thrown away. In anivvtr to this, we mull«6ten:,
tJiat he wrote according to the Lights he rcinveil,inj
thole I.igliis were chiefly from the 'Urlin ; vijienu it
migiit vi ry well happen that the Nami.-s of PUcts menti-
oned by him fii 'lid appear tirange and uncouth m tliii
Part (it tiir W rirld. But it lb happens, that we hire
fmcc rereirfd llirli Help* as enalile us to get pretty well
clear ot this Ditficulty i for though we have rctjiiied i.i
the Text the Names ufcd by our Autlior, yet wc hiwaj'.
forded, from the AlTiftance given uj by oriental Wntm,
Inch I'xplanabons as remove, in every refpe^t, thtfe gto-
[7aphical Obfcuricies, lb as to leave no tort ut Doubt ci-
liicr as to the Capacity, or the Veracity of Munt Pali.

Another Charge againfl him is, that he Joes r,( t if;*
with other Writers, or rather that ()t!.-r Wriirtv i'.;.ot
agree with him ; but when examined lu the boituni.thi
Cfiarpe will not be found to have any great Wcig.'tr, j
baring chiefly arifen from the MilUkcj made 11 lotr.:
true Senii: of what this Writer delivered ■, fo llui vetyct-
ten, what was imputed as Ignorance to liiin> ^vas, ink^
no more than '1 ementy in thofc who prctcnJcd u fend
fault with them. TJie laft, and uideed the grarcft Oi^c-
non is, that he lias related many Things that am ab!af4
i'ome that are incredible, and not a few that are 'm\<Bk.
Againlf this Charge we cannot prrtcnd to viiuii4:.i[. Ijdi,
though much may he laid to excufe him. The i A.":ilic
tells us of his own Knowledge, arc furprifinglyvcriatJbf
authentitk and indifputable Evidence ■, and grant that k
might he imixifcd iijwn in wlut he gives us on the A*
tliority of others, we nuift be content, the rather bcaufc
it is our Happinels to live in an Age when Men are ids 1»
bic to be ciliated and milled \ theielorc this oug.'it tu nub
us tlie more ready to bc.ir with Failings in one whowiTttJ
thii, Advuniaije, who lived in a Timeof DarkncfsmdOb-
Icuritv, when Credulity palled for Faith, and whfncM;
lequf ntly F.rrors of diis fort were rather a Mir.'s Mu-
fortune than his Fault.

5. In fpite however of .nil tkfc Charges, dicre hJW
ken fome great Men in all Ages, who have done Ju-
nice to our Author's Merit. Among thetc we may rtckofl
the famous /'<#«;, in his Account of the Lr/MHilton-
ans, the great (;eogt3plier SdajliM Mttnpr, the fi™"
ed Naiuralul Ccnrati Gtitfr, the accurate flutonx; /-'«-
cun-:us, the celebrated Jofefb ScaUgff, aud nianyt:..".
The learn, d GtriMn Critick, Wi/zow iVteiW, m "^;' '
flory of ti.c Kings of Ptr/ia, gives our Author th.ii i.';
raiter i " Marco Pole, the yinetun, lays he, is J * •■)
" good Writer, and thofe Things which he rcpjrc.i-
" wwre iKretfifore thougljt incredible, are ""*' *" "
- daily by later DifcoVeries." Hut of all who Iuk ^
dertaken the Ciufc of our A.ithor. none has done u.^
greater Capacity, with more Ooiwi-wiJi, or w"" •^'^^^'^

cii'ip. n.

of M A K (. O P () J,

()

ihiii luilicr MntinU W wlioin we owe ehe heft Orfcrip-
Dun "I CbiHii, anil who *« i.oiiki|U'-iuly 4 btttcr Jmlge
ill 111 .iiiy ollitr ot the Mfrit or Dciiirrit of thl^ Wurk.
ill. illiirct ui, llut tlicrc u n»t die Icall Kc-alon to doubt
the Truth of our Authoi'i Rclaiiotn 011 A( count of the
Ohiiuiity of the Nanicn ol I'luccij lot,- fay< he, he wrote
them alter the farnr I'ronunciation, wIk rf4» liter Wri-
cen lluJy tu inMMc u well m they hk ilk the Pronun-
cuoon of the Chiucft.

I wih Mill to thcic but one I'ellimOny niore, which is
tlut ol an Author, very able to have d< t- dcd him, if" he
had taught him in lintruths, and who w,is far nmu^h
from bciMg tender ol Mens kniutations il he thought
them tu I ame. 'ic Author I nuan ii .llbanafiui Kir-
thttt who in h ount of China, o ifcni;*, that none

cf the old Authui* have more tully, or more acdintdy
ilefaibed the remoi- li Countries of the l',all, than Marco
l>cl» has done i yei he readily admiti, that thrrc arc ma-
ny things in hitn lb very dark, that tlicy may be in a
manner lliled inexplicable i but then with gnat t^ood Scnii-
.uid Can^luur, he attributes tlus tu tin Aiitiioi's want of
bkill in Geography and Adronoiuy -, and ii wc confidcr
how young he was, when his Father carried him into Tnr-
lOT), and how little Opportunity he had of acquiring tlut
lore of Knowledge that was mod ncccHary for preventing
thole Millikes, wc may caAly concur in Opinion witii io
iiuny eminent and learned Writers, that in Cotifidcration
ol likc many curious and ufcful PofTages in his Writings,
thdl' Bkmilhei, cfpecially ui they were in a manner uiia-
vuiJablc, may very well lie luigivtn. After having thus
ilcarcd the Way, wc will no lon(^cr detain the Reader
ttom the i'cruliil of thcle 'J ravels, whicli their Author hat
tliiu digelk'd. 1 Ic tirll gives a fuceinA Account ol his
Father > and Uncle's Peregrinations, and then ot his ownt
;^ier which, he enierii into a more particular Delcriptiun of
the Countries and Places thru' which they pafTcd, aiul re-
lates alio I'ucli remarkable things as he was informed of in
the Courfe of his Voyages,

6. At the Time that Baldwin was Emperor of Cc'Jltin-
I'moflt, in the Year of our Lord 1250, two lV';ntI:ii rn of
the moll illuflrious Family of Paolo or Poloy zt yatkr^
embark'd on board a Veflcl freighted with variou.. I.iiidi
of Merchandize, on their own Account ; a.id li v/ing tr.v
vcrs'd the Medittrrancan, and the Bofpisrus, they came
with a fair Wind, and the Blelling of Goil, to C'jir.itti-
nefle. There they continued for fome Tiinr, to rcjiuf:
tbcmfdvcs, and then crolTing the PontUs Euxinus, arriv'd
at a certain Puit cail'd •S0/i/<ii/'<;, from whence tluy went
to the Court of a great Tartar Prince call'd Barha, to
whom iliey Ihe w'll the fine Jewels they had brought, and prc-
fcnted him with Ibmc of the njofl valuable. That Monarch
wasiar from being ungrateful i be kindly accepted th.ii
Prcfentj, and in ruturn, gave them others of grentcr Vi-
lue. They remain'd a lull Year at his Court, and then
difpos'd all things for their Return to y<ttkt. But before
they had an Oppjx)rtunity of dcjparting, there broke out
a War between this Prince aarba and another Tar-
tar King, whofe Name was Alan ; and this Difpute be-
ing decided by a Battle, the Army of Biirl.i was defeat-
ed. This unlucky Accident exceedingly embarrafs'd the
Vtneiianj, who knew not what Meafuie > to take, or how
to get lately back into their own Country. At length,
however, they took a Refolution of efcaping, as well as
thty cuuid, out of the Country where tiiey were, and
by feveral By-roads cfcap'd to a City call'd Gutbacam,
felted on the River Tygrii. They continued their Jour-
ney from hence, thro* a great Defart, where there were
ntitlier Inliabitants nor Villages, till at laft they arriv'd at
iocbara, a conliderable City in tlic Confines of Pcrfta. It
was at the 1 iinc oi then Arrival, the Refidcnce of a
Prince call'd Barujj, in wliofc Court, meeting with a
good Reception, and not knowing how otiierwifc to dif-
pofc ol themlclves, they remamed three Years. At that
Time, a certain Pcrlbn of Dillindion was fent Embafla-
dor from tlu: faid Prince Jl.in to tin: great Kban, who is
liie lijpenor Monarch of all the Tartars, refiding in the
rtmotcft Countries of the 1 .arch, betwixt the North-Eaft
*tid the Eaft, tailetl CuiLii ; Khan who coming to Bo-
'•ira, and lindiiig there tliefe two Brethren, who were now

5P5

well vrrfeil in the Tartarian I «nif,iuge, l;>r rc.oleed ex-
ceedingly, and prrluadcd thefi Men to go with him to the
Krcat iMiiptrcir of ihc 'lartari, kiuwing tint he ftioiilu
gratify him in this, and that thrv aMi) fhoiild be cntertainnl
with RtiMt llonnur, and reward<it with l.iriv »iittt, clpe-
cially llung, thi'Mi]{h the Conferrnte had with thrm, he
perecved their pPaling llhavioiir. Thrle Men th.-r<-
hin, rcmlidering that they ojuld not enlily ivtuin ho.uc
witliout n.mgfr, fonfulting together, agncd to \;n with
th'. laid I'.mballador, and accompany him to the Eiiip:tri)r()i
tlie larian, having certain other Chrillians tn their Com-
pany, wiimn thrylirought with them Irom ytniit, and
departing towjnK the North-I'.aft and the North, were a
wiiule Year in <^')W^ to the laid Court of the f.iid King.

The Ciulc of their long Time fpent in this Jcnnney,
was t!ic .Snows and Waters being nuich increaled, lo tli.ii
they were forced in their Travel to llay the walling of the
.Snow, and decrcafing of the l'lo<xti. Iking therefore
broii^rht hcfbrc th? Hrni nee of the great Khtm, they were
mod courteoiifly received by him. He quefhoned them
concerning many thi.i^s^ as <if the Countries of the Will,
the Roman I-.m^Kror, and other Kings and I'rinces, how
ihejr carried thrni Hives in Government, and in warlike
.Artairsj how l'..icc, Jiif^ice and Cimrord, contimied a-
tnong thim i atlii what Manner of LiL' and Ctiftoms were
ol.fiived among the /ui.'wj, and etpcci dly of the Pope,
of the ChiiHians, of tin- Church, and of the Religion of
the Chu:b.in I'.iith ; and M. Nich'v, ami M. Hiffco, as
w'ife Men, told him tiit Truth, always fpeaking well to
him, and orderly, in the 'lartarian Tongue •, inromuch
thut he ohen commanded ihey Ihould be hroiight to his
Prc(>nre, and they wrc rery accepr.ible in his Sight ;
h.iving w II undcilt'^od the Alfairs of the LMtim, and tell-
ing Utislud with tluir Anfwers.

The [jrcat Kijn intending to fend them his Embtfladors
to the Pope, firfl: corfult-d with his great Lords, and
then culling 10 him the two Brethren, defiied them to go
to ti.e i'ope of the Rowans, with one of his Barons called
Cbovat.il, to pray him to fend an hundred Men learned irli
the Chiidian Religion unto him, who might fticw his wile
Men, t!-..it the Faith of the Chriftians -.v.-s to be preferred
l\foic ail other Scds, and was the o.ily Way of Saluta-
tion, .ind tlut t!ie Gods of the Tartan we e Devils, and
tli.it th y, and others, the People of the Fla.l, were de-
c:iy;;.! in th: Worfhip of their Gods, fie gave them al-
fo in c:..irge, to bring in their return from 'Jtrufahm, ot"
th: Oil of th: Uimp which burneth Wore the Sepulchre
of our I Bid Jeliis Chrilt, towards whtmi he had great
Devotion, an.' h.ld him to be the true Clod-, they therefore
yi'.!di-"3 due Reverence to the great Kban, promifed that
tl'.cy v.ijuld faitlifuiiy (xccutc the Ch.irge committed unto
ihem, and prjtnt the Letters whkh tiiey received from
hi.^l, written in the V<»r/<im« Tongue, according to his
Conrr.and urto the Bilhop of Rome.

lie, acconling to the Cuftoni of the Kingdom, com-
manded a golden Tablet to be given them, engraven ar.d
ligned wirh tl:e King'» Mark, carrying which with them,
throiij^hout his whole Empire, inftead of a PalTport, they
niif,h: be every where lirfely conveyed through dangerciig
Places, by the Governors of Provinces and Lities, and re-
ceive their Kxpenccs from them ; and iaftly, how long
foever they would Hay in any Place, whatlbever they need-
ed, for them or theirs, fliould be furnilhcd them.
Taking their Leave therefore of the Emperor, they took
their Journey, carrying the Letters and golden 'r:iblet
with rhem •, and when they had rid twenty Days Jouuiey,
the Lord who wai aflbciated with them, began to tall
gricvoufly fick -, whereupon confulting, and leuvn'g h::n
there they profecuted their intended Journey, being every
where courteoufly received, by rcafon of the Emperoi 's Ta-
blet, yet in many Places they were compelled to llay, ov
calioned by the over-flowing of the Rivers, lb that they
fpent three Years before they came unto the Port of tha
Country of the ^'trmeniaits, named Ciazz.i ; from Giaxz^,
they went to ^^cre, about the Year of our Lord 1:0-,
in tlie Month of Jpri/.

But having entieil into the City of Acre, they htard
that Pope Clement tliii F(it:rth was lately dead, and tiiat no
other was fubftitutoJ in l.u Place, fjr which t.'icy ssere

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not a little grieveil At that Time tlicrc w.is a certain ftoms ami Manners of Men. .ind the C

Li-gatc of the apollolic Sec at /tcrc, rl^ Mailer Tiiai- " '

ilo VifitHli di Piaccna, to whom thry ilccbrcii all they

had in ConimilTion from the threat Khan, ami he atlvifetl

ihem to expect the Creation ot a new Fope: In the mean

Smcc therefore departing to VnUt to vifit their Friends,

Mafter NicoU found that his Wile was dead, whom at

his Departure he had left with Child, but had left a Son

named Marco, who was now nineteen Years of Age.

This is that Marto who comjwfed this Book, who will

manifeft therein all thofe things tl\at he hath fcen. The

Election of the Pope of Rome was deterred two Years.

They fearing the Difcontcnt of the Emperor of the

Tartars, who expefteil their Return, went back again to

Arc, to the legate, carrying with them Afarce aforcfaid,

and having gone to "Jtrnjalcm, and frtched the Oil with

the Legate's Letters, teftifying their KideHty to the Circat

KhM, and tliat a Pope was not yet chofcn, they went

again towards Ciaxxa.

In the mean Time, Meflengrrs came from the Cardi-
nals to the legate, declaring to him that he was chofen

Pope, and he tailed himfelt Gregory. Flearing this, he

prefently liint Mcfllngen to call back the ycnctians, and

admonifhing them not to depart, prepared other Lctteis

tor them, wlach they (hould prefcnt to the Great Kbm of

(he 'rarlarj, with whom he alfo joined two preaching Fri-
ars, Men famous for their honei\ (.onvcrfation and Ixarn-

ing. The one was called Friar Nicolo Daviccnza, the
other Friar Cuielmode Tripoli : Tothefe he gave Letters and

Privilcdges, and Authority to ordain IVicfts and Bilhops,
aad of Abfolution in all Cafes, as if himfclf were prefcnt,
with Prcfents alfo of great Value, to prefent the great
Ktan, together with his Beni-diftioii. They came to Ci-
azza, a Sea- Port in Armenia, and bccaufe Btntio<bdas
and the Sultan of BahjloH, leailing a great Army, then
invaded the ^Irmcnians, the two Frian alx)ve- mentioned
began to be afraid ot tlicmfelves, and delivering the Let-
ters and Prefenu to Seigniors Nicolo, Maffo, and Marco, de-
firing to avoid the Danger of the Ways and Peril of
Wars, remained with the Mailer of the Temple, and re-
turned with him.

But the three yentlism expofing themfclves to all Dan-
ger, with many Liibours, and much Difticulty, travelled
many Days always towards the North-Fad and North, til!
they, after three Years and a half, cime to the Emperor
of the Tartar'^ great Citv of ClmtnifH -, for in the
Winter Time their Journey hail often long Hindrances by
reafon of the Snow, and extreme Cokl, with Inundations
of Waters. However, King CulUi hearing of their com-
ing, though they were yrt very far off, lent Mcfltngers
lorty Days Journey to meet them, who Ihould condut'l
them, and furnilli all Necertarii-s for their Journey. Going
therefore to the King's Court, and being brought to his
Prelcncc, they fell down bclbre him on their Faces, yield-
ing the acc'Jllomed Reverence, ot whom being courteuully
received, they were ordered to rile, ami he commanded
them to declare liow they palTc.l tlie many Dangers of the
Ways, and wlut thry had treated with the Bilhop of Rome ;
then thry related it dilliiu'lly and ai larj^c, and gave theF.m.
jieror the Pojk's Ixttcrs aivl Prelmu, which iluy brought \
at which liie Khan wundn lully k joicing, commended their
faithful Cares. Tlie Oil alio biuuglit from the Lord's
Sepulchre, and ollVrtd unto him, he reverently received,
commanded it IliuuKl be honourably prcfervcd, and alking
of Marco, who lie was ? Matter Snelo anfwered, that he
was his Mjielly's Servant, and his Soni he cnteruined him
with a Iriendly Countenance, and taught him to write amoi.g
other his honourable Courtiers •, whcrcupcjn he was much
cllecmed of all the Court, and in a little Space learned the
Cuftoms of all the Tartan, and four different Languages,
being able to write and read them all.

I he Great Khan, to make his Wifdom more apparent,
committed an Ambailage unto him to be performed in a
City called Caracban, unto which he could fcarccly travel
in fix M.jtiths Spate ; but he carrying himfelf wifely m all
things diltliarged wlut he had iii CommifTion with the
Coninicndatioii and I"'avourol the Printc, and knowing the
Emi)eror would be delighted with Nuvtltiei in the Plates
whitli he paired through, he diligently Itarthcd the Cu-

onil'tmn'; of

Countries, making a Memorial ot all tluthcknnvii
law to divert the Great Khan ; and in fix and twenty Y„!r
which he continued one of his Court, he was fo acccm' i^'
to him, that he was continually le'itthrougluHliisi^,"',
and Seigniories for the Affairs ot the Great Klun, andi^'''
times for his own, but by the Kluin's Order i'an,( ,)"''^"
the true Realt)n that the faici Mailer Mmt Irjrr.cd tj
li»w lo many Particulan relating to the Fall, wludi liii,\
in oriior in tin fe Memoirs i but tliele l'fitrtianski\ma\\n^^
in that Court many Years, and ii;rown very rich ii, J^ l
of great Value, were inlpired with Ddirc to vilit iC
Country, feaiing, that if the Khan (now uljj i1,o,||j |i!,
they Ihould not be able to return. One Di^, \],|j.I
Nuelo, feeing the Khan mcriy, cr.nrd f.ia'nlo to cW
in the Name of all the three ; whereat he w,is movnl.'^ij
aflced, why they would put themfelvcs on lo danuf4iu
Journey, and ii tluy wanted Rieiies; he would gi^nlinii
twici; as much as they had, and out of pure AlRittlon would
not jxTmit thei- Departure.

Yet not long alter it hap(>ened, that a King of the
iHdiam, named Jrgoiiy lent thri e of his Counfcllors imti)
the Court of the Great Cublai, v/hofe Names were U'a'ji
Apufca, and i.cza, to treat with him, that he would dd;!
ver him a Wife ; for his Wife, named Rol^nn,i, IxingkJy
dead, begged this Favour ol the King at the I'uirtct D-at.':
and left in her Will, that he flvulti not m.irry j Wn.J,
another Family tluin her own, which was ot Qnkiy. King
Cuilai thertfore yieKimg to his Kequell, cjiiltd tolw fougli;
out for them a fair young Maiden oi Itvcntcen Years of
Age, named Cogalin, d(l"cci',J:tl of the former Qiicra'j
Family, to be the Wife of .ir^ot. TlKdc KxbaflkurMi;.
parting, rode eight Months thi" lame Wny they ramc, but
tound blootly Wars among the farhirj, th.iv tluy w;rc
conllrained to return, and at(;uaiiit th- great Klun with ihtir
Proceedings. In tlie mean tinv.; Mailer \brc3 ha! re-
turned trom tlioJl- I'ans of Indi.:, where he lad bnn cm-
ployetl with certain Siiip;, and detl.ucd to the Khaniht
Singularities ot the PLucs, and the Security ot ta(irSf.i),
which reaching the Fjri ot thi- Fmhalllidors, thfy f wicr-
red with the ycnelians, and a;irccd, that tliry w:i;i th:
Queen Ihould go to the (ircat Kh.m, and dcfin' I aveio
return by Sea, and to have the three L.-.'/w, .McnlkiliJin
Sea Affairs, with them, to the Country id Kin;',.fr.;{';. f,-t
Great Khan was much dilplealiil with thiir Krqinil, ytj
upon their Petition gr.intcd it, and taul'-d Nacb, MjUt,
and Marco t" come into his Prcterce, and attir muihlV-
monftration o. his Love would have them promil'••t'Jt^
turn to him after they had Ijicnt I'^me tinu- in Lhniltn.'nir,
and in their own Houl'e ; ami he taulcd to he i,nvcrikni
a Tablet of Gold, in which was written h;s CominnI tor
their Liberty and Security throiir-Ji all his Doiiiiiiior.i.uiil
that Exi>cntes Ihould beyivcn iheiii and theirs .indaiiiart
or Convoy for late Pallige, ordering .iM"o th.it th;y i^notjll
be his Eniballadors to the I'ofx.-, the King of /■'■-•«. r d
Spain, ami other Chridian Princes.

1 ie tsuftd fourteen Ships to be prepred, each hjvvj
four Malls and able to bear nine Sads in lailing, thf Fjra
of which is too long to Lxr here rela:.-d i tour or five ol titsi
had Iron) two hundred and titty t" two hundred rd ix.f
Mariners in each of them. In th< Ie Siiips the F.mluto'!,
the Queen, with A'/Ve/a, M^Jfio, and M^rco, let Uil.rav.'j
firfl uken l^ave of the Great Klun, wlio gaw them many
Rubifs, and other I'rerious Stones, and their KtprnrcU.r
two Years. Alter three Montlis the y came unto i fcr.i:i
inand called Java, and from thence lading thrw:j;ht..5
Indian Sea. after eighteen Month, th.y came inu tS!
Countryrof King Ar^cn : Six hundred Mm nt theMafflt.'J,
and others, and but one of the Women di.-d m mc J>-t-
ney •. but only Coza of the thre." FiniulUlors luniv^.
When they tame to the Country ot Kin;.; -n-'-^ '■■'1
found that he was dead, ami th:it one r.^.„OT/»i?ivx;"
the Kingdom for his Son, who wasut.hr Age-, t;irv - J
to acquaint him with their HuIjikIs "h . ..nlwrff'l. ' ;^;
they f)»ould give her to djM tlie Km}- s .V>n, them. ...
Parts of .Irlor Sccco, in the Coidiiu . ot /V>J, '*^'^M
thoufand Perlons for the Guard ot tertam I H-'r f;'_
the I--.nemy. I laving d.one fo, A'„ o.'c, U'p'< aj-" •'•••^•''
returned io Cbiacatu, an.' llaid tlieic i.inc Moniru. ^^.^^

Chap. II.

^ M A R c o Polo.

597

Alter tliiJi taking Leare, Cbiacalo gave tliem four Tables
nfUokl, each a Cubit long, and five Fingers broad, of the
Wcigiu of three or four Marks, in which were written, that
III tlie I'ower of the etcrnai God the Name of the Great
Khan (houid be honoured and praifcd many Years, and
every one who Ihould not obey (houldbeput to Death, and
his(iuudsconfifcated. In them were further contained, that
ilicic tiiree EmbalTadort Ihould be honoured, and Service
klui)e tlicm in ail Laiuls and Countries as to his own Pcrfon,
and tlwt Horfcs, Convoys, Expenccs and Neceflaries,
IhouM [k given them i all which was fo duly put in Exe-
cution, tliat fometimes they had two hundred Horfes for
their Safe-guard. In this their Travel, they heard that the
(iixAt Klian was dead, which took from them all Defire of
ictutning tliither.

I'hcy r«xlc till they came to Trebizond, and from thence
to CenilnHliHopIt, and after to Negroponl, and at lad came
with grc4t Kiches fafcto AV»/«, A. D. 1 295.

llrrc ends the Hitlorical Introdudion of our Author,
which flicws us how he came to be qualified for writing the
luliuwiiig Defcription of the remotelt Countries in the Ead.
The Ueaiicr will naturally obftrve, that our Author wrote
umlcrvcryparticularCircuinltances,ashavingnoothcrKnoW'
Icvlf,! than what he acquired amongft the Tartars, and thcre-
iorr though the hnrfh and uncouth Names that occur in the
fiibrqucnt Relation of his Travels may both disfigure and
jKrpli'X them, yet they very plainly prove the Sincerity and
Authority of our Author's Writings, fince taking Things
as ho Ims ilated them, it was Amply im^iufrible that he
fliiHiKi have written them any otherwik than as they (land i
fur it was his hard Lot to travel with the Tartars, and to
vtn the 1 lillory of his Travels in a Prifon, fo that their
lm|Krfe(,1ions ought not to be aicribed to the Man, but to
his Circuinllances.

7, There are two Armenia's, the Greater and the Lefs.
In tlir Uff>r Armtnia the King refides, in a City called
Sil.t:l(t and in all his Country is obfervcd Juftice and good
GoMrimu lit. The Kingdom itfelf hath many Cities, For-
trelVcs and Cafllcs » the Soil alfo is fertile, and the Coun-
try aliounds with every thing neccflary, nor is there any
want of (Jamc, or Wild- Fowl \ the Air indeed is not very
gowl. The Gentlemen of ^irmenia, in times paft, were
licut Men, and good Soldiers, but are become now cffe-
iniiwic and nice, give thcmlMvcs up to Drunkenncfs and
Kiui, There is a CL-itain City in this Kingdom featcd near
the Sea, which is called Giazza, having an excellent Ha-
ven, wliither Merchants rcfort from divers Countries, and
tvrn fiom l^fniie and Ceitoa, on account of feveral forts of
Mcrthaiulizc brought tliiiliir, efpccially Spices of fundry
kiiuls, and abundance of otlicr valuable Goods brought
thither out of the Kail Countries ; for this Place is, as ic
WfK', lilt- liitled Mart of all the Fall'.

Ill lunomania are three forts of Nations, viz. the Tur-
tcm.iiii, or Turkmen, who obfcrve tiic Law of Mobammed :
1 hi y ,iiv Men illiterate, rude, and favage, inhabiting the
Miiiiiitams, and inaccellible Places, where they can lind
I'lillures \ for they live only by their Cattle. Thur arc
pt'oil IKitlcs in this Country, which are called Tiirkijh
I Kirli s ; Mules are alio in tiiat Country of great Eftima-
lion, I'ht cither Nations are Grecians and jlrmenians, who
IHillll's till' Cities and Towns, and bellow their 1-ibour on
Mmhaiiilizt; and Arts. T'hty make the bell Carpets in
'he WorlJ, and they have many Cities, the chief whereof
w (jij^nr, or lionium, C<efarea, and Sebafte, where St.
A'i/'// lutlired Martvrclom lor Chrill, and they iirknow-
I'llnnl one of the Khans, Kings of the Tartars for their
Lord,

.l^'iutnia the Greater, which is a very largf! Province tri-
Kii.iry to the 'lattars, and hath many Cities and Towns,
iIh' ihief City whereof is called Arzugia, and the belt
"iiekrani in the World is made there, moll wholcfomc hot
\\ateh alii) fpring there lor the walhing and curing of
Meii> Hodies, and the other more famous Cities next to the

Metropolis are /hjiron and Darzix. In the Summer Time
many Tartars relbrt there, with their Flocks and Herds
drawn thither bv the Futnelii of their Pallurcs ; and again
in the Winter depart lor a certain lime by reafon of the
.abundance of Snow. T"he Ark of Neah remained in the
Mountains of this Armenia,

This Country hath the Province of Moftdl and Meridin
bordering on the Fall \ but on the North is Zorzaina, in
the Confines of which a l''oimtaiii is found, from which z
Licjuor like Oil llowi, und tlwugh unprofitable for the fea-
foning of Meat, yet is very lit for the fupplying of Lamps,
and to anoint other things ^ and this natural Oil flows con-
llantly, and that in Plenty enough to lade Camels. In
Zorzania is a King called David Melic, or King Davidi
one Part of the Province is fubjcft unto him, the other pays
Tribute to a Khan of the Tartars \ the Woods there are
of Box-trees. The Country extends to the two Seas, Mar-
maggiere, or the Kume, and that of Baccu, or the Caf-
pian, which containeth in Circuit 2800 Miles, and is like a
Lake, having no Communication with other Seas. In ic
are many Iflands, Cities, and Calllcs, fome of which are
inhabited by thole that (led from the Tartars out oiPerfia ».
The People of Zorziinia arc Chriflians, obferving the
fiime Rites with other Chriilians. They keep their Hair
(liort like the Wedern Clergy 1 the Inhabitants have many
Cities, and their Country abounds with Silk, of which they
make very line Manumdures. Mexul is a Province in
which there are many forts of People, fome called Arahi,
are Mobammedans, others are Chriftians, fome NeftorianSt
others Jaeobiti), and others Armenians \ and they have a
Patriarch called Jacoltl, who ordains Archbilhops, Bilhops,
and Abbots, and fends them through all Parts ot India, ancl
to Cairo and Baldaeh, or Bagdat, and where-ever Chriftians
dwell, as is done by the Pope of Rome \ and all the Stuffs
of Gold and Silk called Mullcims are wrought in Moxul.

But in the Mountains of this Kingdom dwell the Peo-
ple called Curdi, of whom fome are Neftorians, others Jaco-
bites, and Ibmc Followers of Mobammed s they are wicked
Men, and rob Merchants. Near to them is another Pro-
vince called Mus, or Meridin, wherein grows great Quan-
tities of Cotton, whereof they make Buckrams, and other
Works I they are fubjedt to the Tartars. Baldach, or
Bagdat, is a great City, in which refidcd the Great Khaliff,
that is, the Pope of all the Saraeent i a River runs through
it, from whence to the Sea is accounted fevcnteen Days
Journey. They fail by a City called Chi^ ; but before they
reach the Sea they ccmie to Balfera, about which grow the
bell Dates in the WiMJd. In Baldach, or Bagdat, are
many Manufat'lurts of (iold and Silk. There are wrought
Damaiks and Velvets, with Figures of various Creatures :
All the Pearls in Chrillendom come from thence. In that
City is an Univcrlity, where is Ihidicd the Law of Mfl/fejw-
med, Pliylick, Altionomy, and Gcomancy. It is the chief
City in thole Parts.

When tlie Tartars brgnn to extend thnirConquefts, there
were four Brethren, the ehlcll of which, Mangu, reigned in
Sedia. Thcl'c iHirpoliniJi to fubduc the World, went one to
the Fall, another to the North, to the South a third,
which was Ulan, and the other to the Weft. In the iTear
of our Lord 1250, Ulan having a great Army of one hun-
dred thoufand 1 lorfe, befidcs Foot, ufed Policy, and hav-
ing hid a great Part of his Men, brought, by pretending
Flight, the KlialilVinro his Ainbufcade, ancl took him and
the City, in which he found iiilinite Store of Trealiirc, in-
Ibmuch that he w.ia umaicd. He lint for the Khalill'and
reproved him, that in that War he had not provided him-
lllf with Soldiers for Defence, and commanded that he
lliould lie cnclofed in that Tower where his I'reatiire was
without other Sullcnanci: «.

This leemed .1 jull Judgment from nur Lord Jefus
Chrijl on him i for in the Year !.'.:• 5, feeki n^o convert
the Chriftians to the Mohammedan Religion,^^ taking
Advantage from that Place of the Golpel, That he which

' TlicK ii iiDil'ing olifcure in ihU Defcription o( Arminia th Left, and I added tliis Note only tn piu llie Rtnder In Mind, that our Author
l^f*'^ ilm ,1 gtt«i Hit! ot the Trade from Eurtft to the Miti was carried on this Way by the VmHium and iiinttli.

' Z (e.i-M it iMilrtJ a Nunc not to be met with in any other Author ; hut the Account given ui by Mum ii fu dear and cxaft, that there can
l^ imloulii altoul it.

' I I'tn w iwihinD gives fo much Credit to our Author's Relation a.i theie hiilorical Fufls, which iitc capable of bring verified by other Authors.
J r 1'ruit.i he iiienuans was HtiMm-Khan, who was Brother to Man^u-Kbaii i he entered tliefe Counirit'l .1. I>. ii{;, with an Army of 7.irlar],
''J 111 I .• ,rt, put an tnd to die limpite of ilie AUaj/idian Kholifls, by taking Bigd'ii, W OUf Author rcliiie* it.

^an. 41. -j N ^^

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HH'l'

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59^

7he VOYAGES and TRAVELS

Book I.

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V:-:^\:X-

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l>4itb Faith, as iht Grain cf Muflardfccd, Jball be ablt to lirgp anil i^pulous, but now ticftroyeil by the Tm

'■ ■ " ■■ ' ■-■- - the- Country .,callcci/e«*.r/^Thcr. grow Pomrg^^^^^^^^^^

Qiiincfs, IVarhes, and otiier Fruits which

^oitt, as li<e
rcncxe \Icu<naim. 1 le liimmoned all tlie Cinflian}, A't-
ftorians, and JacchiUs, and propounded to them in ten
Days to remove a certain Mountain, or turn Maharnnxdans,
or be flain, as not havjnjT one Man amongll tliem which
had the Iratl 1 aith. I'hcy tlicrci'ore continued eight Days in

our colli Countrin. it hath alio vit)- great Oxen, and 1

With

White, thin haired, with thick, (hort, blunt Hi
a Camel's Bunch on the Back

HTuftomed to licar i>t

Prayer J al'ttr wliuii a certain Shoemaker, in confcqucncr Burthens, and whin the Pack-Sa-kliej are fct uiw 7

of a Revelation made to a certain Biihop, was fixed upon Bunch, they lx)w the Knee like Camds, ami h,ivir,<' .

to perfoim it. This Shoemaker once tempted to Lull by aived the Burthen, rife again, U-ing fo taught. They."

Sight of a young Woman, in putting on her Shoe, zea- of that Country are as big as Afirs, liavnur f, lone T

loufiy liad fultiiled that of the Gof(xl, and literally had put broad Tales, that tluy weigh thirty Pounds Weight tJ

out his light Fyc. He now on the Pay appointed with are viry fair, and fat, and goo<l Meat. ' '^

other Chritlians followed the Crofs, ami lifting his I lands Moreover, in the Plain of this Coiiniry are iranv Gr

to Heaven prayed to Goil to have Mercy on his People, and Towns, with high Walls of luirth toileteril ihrmfrii^

and then with a loud Voice commanded the Mountain in the Caraons, that is, Xhflizos, that ii, a mixat io" '

the NanK of the Holy Trinity to remove, which piefeiuly. People between lndi,m Women and Tartars, I'cn thcu

with great 'IVrrnr to the Khalitf and all his People, was ef- fand of which are tommandevl hy one Kngodar the NV^i.^^

fecteii, and that Day is fincc kept holy by falling alio on of Zagatbai, who forim riy ruled in 'lurkfftcn. This'iv,.

the Evening before it.

)S. Taurii is a great City in the Province of Ilircania,
and is a moll ppuiuus Place. The Inlubitanls live by the
I'jtercile of Arts and Merchandize, they make Stuffs of
Gold and Silk ; foreign Merchants refiding tiicre make very
great Gain, but the Inhabitants are generally jxxir. TI.ey
arc a mixed People of Ncjicrians, ^Irmemans, Jjtchuj,
Cecr^iam, Ptr/tans, and Mohammedan! : Time lall arc
perliJious and treacherous thinking all well gotten which
they Ileal from Men of otiier Religions ; and tliis Wuked-
nefs of the Saroiau had converted many 'Lirtart tliento.
If the Chrillians kill them in their KoWitr)-, th>y .ire ic-
puted Martyrs. From Tauris into Pir/iii arc twelve Days
Journey. In the Conlines is the Moiullcry of Saint JJa-
r.ifem, the Monks whereof arc like Cunr.flttes ; tin y ir.-ke
Girdles which tluy lay on the Altar, and give tu tl.cir
T'irnds, who devoutly cf*:em them. Poju comaineth
rigl.t Kingdoms, whereof the firll is called Cajlji, the

godar, hearing of the Mr.lalu-.rs fubjt-a to SolLn .•/;,;„
without his Uncle's KnowleJgr, wci.t an! took 7V/v vtith
other Cities, and erected a new Seigniory, i.nd mixirgs tli
the Indian Women, railed thefe Caraor.s, which (^ u- and
down to rob and I'pil in Roe/'arle, ami other Uurtticj
The Flain whereof 1 now fjieak is five D.iys Joiimn-,' tx!
tended towards tlic South ; but at the Km! rhfr"( f tljt
Way Ivginneth by liitL- and little to delicnii fur tW;T.tv
Miies together, and the Road itfclf is very ha', .mi rot
wuliout Danger, by rcafon of Ihicvcs. At l.-jih ynu
roiiie to very gooil Plains, which extend thcr;lllv«tnT)
D.ly^ Journey in Length, and the Pl.ice itlelf is aid
Onnuj,

That Country abounds with Rivers and P.ilm-Trcts;
theic IS alio I'lenty of divers Fowls, el])ccially Popfin'
Jays, which aie nut like ours. From hence ycucomc
unto the Ocean, when in an Ifland is feaied called Oraw, to
which many Merchants refort, bringing Spices, Pcar!«,r:!

f'-cond C«r</(/i<r», the third Lcr, the Itairth Sujijian, the cious Stones, Cloth of («jkl and Siiver, Elephants Tw!:,

fifth Sp;iLiH, the fixth yhirajy the iWenth io«.<;r<i, the
eighth 'Titncchtiim, which is near j'irhortfiico towards the
North. They have fine Hurfis here, whence they are told
into lr.d;,i \ there arc alio very excelkiu Afliis fold dearer
titan the Horfes, bccauli: they eat little, carry much, and
travel far. They have Camels, but not lb fwift. Thefe
arc neceffary in thofe Countries, whith Ibm-. times tor along
way yield no Grafs *.

Tiie People in tliol'e Countries are very wicked, covet-
ous. Thieves and Murderers, ptotelling the Faith of Mo-
bamtHtd. Ml rrhants are every where Pain I- thofe Thieves,
unlels they travel m Caravans. There ai excellent Arti-
ficer* in the Cities, wjio make wond.ertul things in (iold.
Silk, anil F.mbroidt-ry. The Countries .ilwund witli Silk-
worms, Wlieat, Barley, Millet, and other kinds of Corn,
and Plenty ol Wine and Fruits ■, and though their Law
f'^r!':d W»ne, yrt they have a dhifs to correct or corrupt
the Text, that if they boil it, then it changcth the Talle,
and therefore the Name alto of Wine, and may be drank.
lajdi is a gnat City in the ConSines of Per/:a, where there
i;. great Trade -, it hath alio n.aiiy Manutadurcs in Silk.
ChtMiuin is a Kiiig>lom in the Con lines of Per/?fl, to the
FjII, fill jedt to ihr Tar:ars. In \>i.-.s of the Moiiiitains
Stonts are I<hiiu1 commonly called Tiirtjuoifes and other
Jewels. There alio arc nj».'.e al! iLrts 'of Arms and Am-
im.niiun f<ir War, and by t!ic Women excellent Needle-
works in Silks with all forts of Cieitures very adnuiably
wrought therein. 1 here are the btft Fakons in the World,
very fwift ol Flight, red breufted, and under the Train lels
tlian thole of other Countries. Proceeding further, you go
ilirtAinh a great Plain, and having ended eighr Days Jour-
rry, you coiiic to a cutain D^-kent. In the I'lain are many
Callles and Fijwns, bet in that lleep Drlccnt are many
Trees and jhofe fruitful, I ut no I labitation, except a le .v
Shephi-rdf. Tiiis Country in Winter Tinit is intolerable
colli. Attrr tl.w you come into a large ojicn Plain, where
a certain City is feated whicli is called Gmtandu, heretofore

and all other precious Things from India. ThatCitviii
great Mart, having Cities and Callles imdfr it, ir.l ii
Head of the Kingdom of Cbtrmain. The King is nilcj
Rudined Ben /klemach, who yields Obedience to tl:cK:.ig
of Chirmatn. He makes himfe'f Heir, if a\\; M dan:
dies there. In Suiruncr, by the reafon of the }1c;a rw
betake thcmfclves to their Summer-! Icufes bui!; :r th:
Waters; and from Nine t'il Noon, there blows a W:.-*!
with fuch extream I leat from the Sands, th.it it kihn
a Man's Breath, and flifietJi him, which makcb t:..::; '.;:
in the Water. The King of Cbirmain fenr an K'rayi
lixteen hundred Horle, and five ihoufinil loot, ;:i:iilt
the Lord of OrniMS, for not p.iying his Tribute, w.v.u'i
were all furpri/ed, and Hilled with that Wind. Th In-
habitants of the Place cat no Bread nude of Cora, cr
Ilefli, but feed iiixin Dates, fait Filh and Onions. r:,:y
have not very flout Ships, for they do not lifttn tm
with iron Nails, by reafon the Wixjd is brittle, i.'Jwd
(leave 1 but with woixlen Pins, with certain .Shells m
of the Threads of l>tdiiin Nuts. Thrfe Shells areiircfcd
after the Manner i>l Ix-atlier, our of which Threads i.'c
cut, of wliich Threads exceeding llrong Cordi arc !?.ii(,
which are able to endure the hurcc and Viokncc c! t.^.e
Waters, and are rot cafdy corrupted thereby. Ttof:
Ships Iiave one Mall, one Sail, one Beam, a.id ar.' c>
vered but with one Deck. T'hcy are not calkei! r.'.\
Piteh, but with the Oil .uul Fat of Filhes, and whfntlKy
crofs the Sea to India, carrying Horfes and other Fn;::
with them, they lofe many Ships, beraule that Sen*^''-
ry tcmpefluous and the Ships arc not llrenj^thened »;:h
Iron'. The Inhabit.ints of that Country are hW, inJ
have embraced the Law of Mohammed It is the Cdton
of this Country, wlien ,uiv Mailer of a I'ainily dies i'-:
the Wife left beliind him, Ihouid tnoiirn t'fr hi;n wr
Years, rmcc a D«y. They have Women which potdi
the Piaftiie of Mourning, and are therefore hir.J o
mourn daily lor their Dead. Returning from Ormu »

' lnt|ie(f»fr»! Oyir* of |I,:» W'oil. iJirrc nrc gieat \ jtijtlon* In ilir N'.imoof thi-fc flgl.l Parf. iritowliiili ilic Kingdom of T//'''''^-'-^
li •' !• it u very a||'.iii.l th.it i)wy arc Cnui^imi, wnly of ilie Ciiifi, ai.J J'lov.occ* uf llijl Kint^i'iiii, il i> not iiftcll..ry lu trouble lU K'"'^'
• long KxpUniii o o( ihcm ,

• n I I v:(ifr,i iicmi ili:» Ace< 'Jnt, tliat our Author nctrnd. the Niune of Oimui to thf LoiB opijofut to iJte IfUnJ W t<i''*>'> ""' " "" '"'" '
Coiiii'tJ I'c rj».ik> ul, It 11 jiUii.l; lie I'luvuite c( Kitr mm n.

Chap II.

e/" M A R c o Polo. ^ /^t-

390

Chtrmain, is a fertile Plain, but the Bread made there
aiinot be eaten, but by tlich as are accutlomed thereto,
it is lb bitter by rcafon ot the Water put therein : Here
are excellent hot Bath?, which cure many Difeafes.

9. I'lom Chermain, in three Days rhiing, you come to
a Ucfart, which extends to Cebinham, Icvcn Days Journey
troin thence. In the firft three Days, you have no Water
lave a tew Ponds, and thole lalt and bitter, of a green
Colour in fhew, as if it were the Juice of Herbs -, and
whoever tallcth but a httle thereof, cannot efcape a l.oofe-
ncfsi the hkc alfo happeneth if any taftc the Salt^made
of the Water : It is therefore neceflary, that Travellers
carry fome Water with them, if they would efcape the
jnconvcniencc of Thirlt ; the Beads alio which are com-
pelled 10 drink that Water, efcape not without fcouring :
In the fourth Day they find a frefli River under-ground -,
the three laft Days arc as the firft. Cobinham is a great
City, inhabited by Mohammedans, where great Looking.
glalVcs of Steel arc made. Tutia, or Tutty alfo, which
cureth the Eyes and Spodio, and that after this Manner.
That Country hath Mines, out of which they dig E.irth,
which they boil, cafting it into a Furnace, an iron Urate
receiving the alcending Vapour from above, in which the
conglutinated and clammy Vapour bccometh Tutia, but
the grofler Matter remaining in the Firr, is called Sjx)dio.
Leaving the City Cff^/«i»«w, you meet with another De-
llrt, eight Days Journey in Length, and grievouf ;■ bar-
frn i it hath not either Trees or Fruits, or Water, except
wh.it is very bitter, fo that tiie very Hearts refule to drink
it, except they mix Meal therewith, and Travellers car-
ry Water witli them.

But having parted over this Defart, you come to the
Kingdom of'limocbaim, in the North Confines of Perjia,
'lere are many Cities and ftrong CalHes. There is a
cat Plain, in which a great Tree grows, called the Tree
.1 the Sun, which the Chrillians call the dry Tree. This
Tree is very thick, and hath Leaves whicii on the one
Side are white, and on the ot.her Side green. It pro-
liuceth prickly hufky Shells, hke thole of Chefnuts, but
nothing in them. The Wood is folid and (tronrr, in Co-
lour yellow, like Box. There is no Tree within one hun-
dred Miles, except on one fide, on which arc Trees, within
ten Miles. In this Place the Inhabitants l.iy, that //lexaii-
dtr the Great fought with Darius. The Cities are plenti-
fully fumifhed with good things; the Air is tcmjierate, the
People are handfome, but eipecially Women, the moft
beautiful in my Judgment in the World.

10. Mulehet, in the Saracen Language, is as much as
to fay, a Place of Hercticks, and of tliis Place they call
the Men Mulehetici, that is, Heretirks in their l.aw, as
with us Patarines. As I have ipoken of the Country, the
Prince of it, who iscalled the old Man of the Mountain, fhail
be next fpoken of, concerning whom Marco heard much
from many. Mis Name was .iloadtne, and he was a Moham-
midan. He had, in a lovely Valley, betwixt two Moun-
tains, which were very high and inaccefiibie, caul'ed a plea-
fant Garden to be laid out, furnilhed with the belt Trees
:md Fruits he could find, adorned with diverfe Palaces and
lloufes of Pleafurc, beautified with gilded Bowers, Pic-
txires and Tapcrtrics of Silk. Through this Place, by
Pipfs, to dirterent Parts of tliefc Palaces, run Wine,
Milk, Honey and clear Water j in them he had placed
bi-autiful Damiels, Ikilful in Songs and Inftruments of
Miilick and Da:'.cing, and to make S()oits and Delights
unto Men whatlbever they could imagine. Tliey were al-
io richly drefled in Gold and Silk, and were Icen continu-
ally Ijxjrting in the Garden and Palaces. He made this
I'aUce, bccaufe MofMmmed had promifed fuch a lenfual
Piradifc to his devout Followers. No Man could enter
i;i l<ir at tlie Mouth of the Valley was a Ilrong Caille, and
tile h'.iitraiicc was by a Ucict I'.iliage. jIloaMnc had cer-
t'lin Yimdis, from twelve to twenty Years of Age, fuch
is leerneil of a bold and dauntlefs Dilpofitiun, whom he

inftniftcd daily as to the Delights in Mebanmed'i Para-
dife, and how he could bring Men thitlicr, and when he
thought proper, he caufed a certain Drink to be given
to ten or twelve of them, which call them into a dead
Sleep, and then he caufed them to be carried into I'evcral
Chambers of the faid Palaces, wliere they faw things as
aforefaid ; as foon as they awaked, each of them having
thofe Damfels to fupply them with Meats and excellent
Wines, and yield all Varieties of Pleafures to them 5 infomuch
that the Fools thought themfelves in Paradile indeed.

W hen they had enjoyed thefe Pleafures four or five Days,
they were cait into a Sleep, and carried forth again, after
which he caufed them to be brought into his Prcfence,
and queftioned them where they had been ? Who anfwer-
ed, by your Grace, in Paradife, and recounted before all
what hath been before-mentioned. Then the old Man an-
fwered, this is the Commandment of our Prophet, that
whofocver defends his Lord, he allows him to enter Para-
dife, and if thou wilt be obedient to me, thou (halt have
this Grace-, and having thus animated them, he was
thought happy whom the old Man would command,
though it cofi him his Life ; fo that other Lords, and his
Enemies, were flain by thefe AflTanines, who expofed
thcmklvcs to all Dangers, and contemned their Lives.
Hereupon he was cfteemed a Tyrant, feared in all tholi;
Parts, and iiad two Vicars, one in the Parts ot" Damafcus,
and another in Curdijian, which obferved the fame Order
with young Men. He ufed alfo to rob all which palled
that Way. Ulan, in the Year 1262, fent and beficgcd
his Caille, which, after three Years Siege they took, Hew
him, and undermined his Paradile, not being able for want
of Provifions to hold out longer*,

1 )e[)aiting from the aforelaid Place, you come unto a
Country pleafant enough, diverfified by Hills, Plains, and
excellent Pallure, in which are Fruits in great Plenty, the
Soil lx:ing very fruitful : This continues iix D-ys, and
then you enter a Defart of forty or fifty Miles, without
Water ; alter diis you come to the City Sapurgan, where
Plenty of Provifions are found, but cfpecially Melons,
the bell in the World, fweet like Honey. Pafiing from
hence we came to a certain City called Batach, which for-
merly was large and famous, having fumptuous marble
Palaces, but now overthrown by the Tartars.

In this City they report, that Alexander took the Daugh-
ter of King Darius to Wife. To this City on the Fail
and North- Eall continue the Confines of Perfia; but if
you go from hence and proceed between the Eall and the
North-Eall, you cannot find any 1 labitation for two Days
Journey, becaufc the Inhabitants of the Place having en-
dured inany great Grievances by Thieves, are compelled to
fiy unto the Mountains, to Places of more Safety. Many
Rivers are found there, and much Game. Lions alio are
found there ; and becaufe Travellers find no Food in that
Journey, they carry as much Victuals with them as is nc-
ceirary for two Days. The two Days Journey ended,
we met with a Caille called Thaican, where is. great
Plenty of Corn, and very plealant Fields •, the Mountains
alio on the South are high, fome of which are of white
and hard Salt ; and the Inhabitants for thirty Days Journey
about fetch it trom thence, being the bell in the World,
and fo hard that they mull break it with Iron Inftruments,
lb much that the wlsole World might have a fulRcient
Qiiantity of Salt from thence. The other Mountains
have Store of Almonds and Piftaches.

Going between the Eaft and North-Eaft from hence,
the Country is fruitftil > but the Inhabitants are Murderers,
])crfidious Mohanwiidans, and Drunkards. Their Wine
is boiled and truly excellent. They go bare-headed, lave
that the Men bind up their Heads with a certain String
ot ten llandfuls long, but they make Cloathing of the
Skins of the wild Bcalls, fuch as Breeches and Shoes, and
ufe no other Garments. After three Days Journey is the
City ScaJJ'om, feated in a Plain, and there are many

' li ii iiccf (Tiry 10 obfcrve, tlar iholc Penplt- inh.-vbilcvl fever.il mountainous C ountriei in the Eaft, and had much the fame Cu.loms in all Uie Comitrict
'''■iTc iiiiv «crc ll-ttlej. At ilie Clofeot u*: Iimiuit Scaion, I g:ivt fouic Account of tiii> N^rion, :ind Ihallonly add here, llut their frince vi-as called
'-■ ulj M.'.ii ..ftl.e Mounciiiis lircaule tlicv I'nitrjllv nuulc clioicc of the ..iilc:'. M ill .ini.)n;;il tlicni for tlieir Chief, wh'j li.id hii. Relideiice on a Moun-
'""I. tiic llioii[;eil ;iiid lifll f,iriili«l in the\ oiiMnv.' 'I'iirv iiretendcd to lie tlie ncfccn^limti of the Royal Family of .V/-/.;.-^/, and Irom thence affccl-
tJ ID be ci'led' .•/./«,•, :,,, from whence came ihe'Wuid .f^'i^Z-.u. 'I'lie l.ul of llieir l'ri,xe> w.is c'llcj XmJm, and he and liis Sulijed:, weic entirely
"it'St'l bj tlie U:loiL-mci;tiJiicd KulM..Kl:.n. ...

Cuftlei

ir-M

*'i

•:Sh

II' '1

6oo

7hc VOYAGES and TRAVELS Booki.

t '

Caftlcs in the Mount tinj rounil about it: A certiin great
River alfo flows through the Middle thereof. There are
many Forcunincs in tliat Ojuntry, whicli they hunt with
Dogs, and they contrafting themfclves with great Fury,
call their prickly Qiiills at Men and Dogs, and wounil
them. That Nation hath a particular language, anti the
Shepherds abide in t!ie Mountains, having mailc Caves
for their Habitations. You go hence three Days Journey
without meeting any Inabitants, to the Province of fld-
laxiam, which is inhabitetl by Mobammtdansy wiio have a
peculiar language. Their Kings, who fuccced each other
hereditarily, arc reported to have lierivcd their Diiient
from Altxandir the Great, and from the Daughter of Da-
rius, and are called Dulcarln, thu is to fay, Jltxandri-
ans. There are found the Ballalfas, and other prctious
Stones, of great Value.

No Man, on pain of Deatli, dare cither dig fuch
Stones, or carry them out of the Country, but with the I .i-
rencc and Confent of the King ; for all thole Stones arc
the King's, and he only fends them to whom he plcafcs, ci-
ther as Prcfcnts, or in Payment of Tribute: He exchanges
alio nuny for Gold and Silver ; and this he doth left the
Stone, whereof there is lb much Plenty, fliould become too
common and cheap. Other Mountains alfo in this i*ro-
vince yield Stones, called I^pii lazuli, whereof the beft
AzuiT is made, the like is not found in the Work!. Thele
Mines alfo yield Silver, Urafs, ami Lead. The Country
itfclf is very cold : There are many Morfes, and thofc ex-
cellent large, rtrong, and fwift, which have fo hard and
tough i loofs, that tlicy need no Iron-flioes, although they
nin through Rocks, h is fai.i, that not many Years ago,
there were I lorfes of the Race of AexamUr's Bucephalus
which had the fin-.c forehead Mark as he hid, in tlie
PolTcffion only ot the King's Uncle, who was killed for rc-
fiJliiig the Kini; to ii.wc of them •, wlwrreupon his Widow,
in f,MU-, dcrtroyrd tlie whole Race. There arc alfo excel-
knt Falcons. Ihe Soil of this Country bears excellent
Wheat and Barley without Hulks, and Oil made of Nuts,
and MulUri.1, which is like Ilax-fecd, but more favory
tlun other Oil. There are Uraight PaHages and dilficult
Places. The Men arc go«xi Archers and Huntfrncn,
cloathed in B<alh. Skins. 1 he Hills are fteep and high,
lirgc Pliin^, tine Rivers ; and i) any have an Ague, by
living two or three Day- im tht 1 lills he recovers, whiili
Afirre experienced hMuklf .itter a Vi-or's Sicknelii. The
Women, in the Skirts of their <>armcnts |)ut fixty or
eighty Yards ot Cotton •, the burlier a Woman looks (he
is in their lys the handfonier.

The Provi. te ol i),i;t/.7 n ten Da)s Jcmmey towarvlsthc
South from th ■ Country ui Bdltxinni, and the Country it-
filf is vciy hot, which i:. the Kealim the People are brown.
They have a l.aiiguagc ol their own, and wear gokl and
fiK'er Far-rings, with Pearls ami ot.'ic r Stones, artificially
wrought in them -, tliey rat liih and Rice, and are hkv
latcrs, crafty an.i cruel. J he Piomikc ui (JxJ'mur is fivin
Days Joiirmy i iiUi.t liuni B.-jiia, tJie Inlnbitants whcrei)f
h.ivc uifo their ovin Language, and are Idolaters, ix yond
all otliers, cunning Intlianttrs, forcing their Idols to Ijicak
and liarkcniDg the Day. From htncc you may go to the
Indian-. '■ea, Ihe Mtn .md Women arc brown, not wholly
black, the Heat liioicwiut tcm|>cre<l. Their Foo*l is
Ficih ani Rite, yet art thty cxceiding lean : There are
many Cities and To'vi,:, m this Country i their King is tri-
fciuar}' to none. There are certain Hermits in this Pro-
vince who in Munaftrries and Cells worfhip ldols,honouring
tlicir liods with great Abftmenct of Meat and Drink, and
oljfer\-e great Challity, arc very cautious not to otfend
their IiioK, and live lorg ; of thcfe are many reputed
Saints, and the I'eopie Ihcw them great Reverence. The
Men vi this Province kill no living Creature, and flicd no
Blooii i and if th< y eat Mclli it lu neceflaiy that the Sara-
♦c«;, who live amongft tliem.'^ili the Creature. Coral ii
here luKl dearer than any where. We will leave tlic Way
to l»Jij now, and return to BaLuiam, and direifl «jur
Way towa!•l|^ Calhay, betwixt the Fall and Nonh-tjll.
Bryond Ba/jxiitm is a certain River whereon ftand many
C aftles and N'ltlages Inlongiiig to the King of Bataximn'%
Hii.ther \ and alter three Days Journey n the Province
yaibaii, having in Length and Breadth three Days Jour-

nguag;,

ney, the Inhabitants whereof have a peniliar Lai
ami worlhip Mihmnwd. They are how, vir )(,),it Wart
ors and gootl Hunters, for the Country abounds wiili
wild Bealls.

If you depart thence Ijctwixt the North-Eaft and |h,.
Half, you mull alcend for three whole Days tctthcr ur,
til you come to an exceeding high Mountain, thanwWh
there is laid to W none higher in the Worll. There alio
between two Mountains is a great Like, and thrnuah ,
Plain runs a very line River, near which arc cxctllcnt'Fa.
Ifurcs, fo that in them a lean Horle or an Ox may licfat
in ten Days. There is alfo Plenty of wild Bcafts, cfpcci.
ally excelling great wild Sheep, having Horns tbtiK ol
them (ix Spans long, of which they make divers kinds
of Veflels. The Plain contains twelve Days Journey in
I-ength, and is called Pamer \ nor is there any Hibiution
there, and 'I'ravellers muft carry Virtuals with them : No
Bird alfo appears there, by reafon of ihe Cold i anditii
rejwrted, that if Fire be kindled there it is not (b bright
nor lb elFedlual to boil any thing as in other Placn. From
hence the Way leadeth forty Days Joiimcy further betwtcn
the l\aft and the North- I-jll, through the Mounuim,
Hills, and Valleys, in which many Rivers arc found, but
no Village or Herbs, and the Country itfclf is called ?i(.
low, and fomc Huts and Cottages of Men arc feen on the
Top of thofc high Mountains ; but fuch as are Ij.
vagc and wicked Idolaters, who live hy hunting, and are
cbthed by the Skins of the Beads they kill. After this
you come to the Province of C.afdar, which is tributary
to the (ireat Khan, and the Peoiile are SkhanmeiaM. In
it are Vines, pleai'ant Ciardens, fruitlul Trees, Cotici,
Flax, and Hemp, and a fertile Soil. The Inhabitar.ti
have a particular l-iiiguage, and are Merchants and Arti-
ficers, lb covetous that they cat that which is bad, ajid
drink worlir. Some Nfjiorian Chrilbans arc found there,
who alio have their Churches. The Country eaerds it-
fclf five Days Journey.

1 1. SamariaftJ is a great and famous City in thatCour-
try, where are bvely Gardens, anil a fertile Plain, It ii
fubjeft to the Nephew of the lireat Khan •, in it thcChrJ.
ftians dwell with the Sarrufm, whence little Agreement is
betwixt them. It is reported, tli.it on this Account i Mi-
racle hapix-iud i the Brother ol Great Khan, named Zn-
jfd/rt/, who governed that Country iibout an hundred Ytt'S
ago.being jicrfuaded to l)ecome a Chrilhan, the Chrilliai)!,
through his Favour, built a Church in Honour ot 5;. 7«k
Uap>tift, with fuch Cunning that the whole Roof thcrtoi
was Uipiwrted by one Pillar in the niiilll, under which
was ft a fquare Stone, which, hy favour ot their Lord,
was taken from a Building of the Saracens. Zagnt-ti'iSon
flicctedcd aftir his Deati; in the Kingdom, hut not in the
Faith, from whom the Sarattiis obtained that theChrl-
ans Ihould Ik comi)ellrd to rellorc that Stone, and whm
they offered a fiiifitient Price, the Saracens rifufed to tt-
ceive any other Com|X)fition than ttie Stone i whereupon
the Pillar lifted up itfclf, that the Saracens might U-W
away their Stone, am fo contii u.d.

Drp*rfing again from this City, you come into the
Province C*<»rj*d«, about fiv D.iys Journey mUm\
This PtoviiKC hath Plenty of i'n-vilions Ifing \M
to the Doiniiuon ot the Nephew of the (ire, it Kiun. iK
Inhabitants worlhip Moiatr.meJ, yet ainong them ccrtM
N.JJonan ChriHians dwell, 'ihcy aie -rcat Artilimss-^
have moll of them fwclled l.'p, .ind a great Wm «
Bunch ill their T'hroat, by rcalon of the \Saiers»tiiui
th.vilnnk. The Province Cctam Ic.llows between '.w
F.alt and the North-luff. It is fubj. cl to the Ihmm
of the Nephew of the (ireat Khan, and li.iih nwyenw
and Towns. The chief Citv there (,l is called C.-.x
The Province extends ei-ht Da\s Journey mf-W--'''
There is no Want there of anv ThinK nn'dtui tJ nj
Maintenance of Lite. It hatli Plenty ot Cotton, m
Hemp. C(;rnand Wine ; tut the People are not
like, V(t good Artilittcrs in various Manutadures awi • i
chancuze. They acknowledge .\/<;i<iwm<'-' 'ur their i.

' 'ptocceJ.ing farther through tl.e fame Countr)'. f;"
come to thf I'rovmce l\,m, extnulinj; tour l-la)' J ,^
iicy 111 Length ; it ib fubjct't to the Orcat Wian.ai ^^

Chap. ir.

e/' Marco Polo.

6ot

many Citirt and Caftlesi tUe chief Cuy thereof is called
/'„•/«, near which run* a River wherein precious Stones arc
tuiind, fiich as Jafpers and Chalcedons. The Inhabitants of
tlic Country follow the Law of Mohamuied, and are Artifi-
tis ami Merchants. There is aCuftom in this Province, that
when any married Man gocth into another Place and re-
turiicth not home in twenty Days, it becomes lawful for
the Wile to marry another Hulband -, and the Men alfo,
whcnlbcver the Women go away for the fame time, do the
like. All thole Provinces, viz. Ca/cha, Cottm, Pietn, to
tJie City of Lep, are in the Bounds of Turkeftan,

Ciafeian is fubjedt to the Tartars % the Name of the
Province and chief City is the fame: It hath many Cities
and Caftles ; many precious Stones are found there in the
Rivers, efpecially Jafjiers and Chalcedones, which Mer-
chants carry quite to Outbach to fell and make great Gain.
Irom Pirn to this Province, and quite through it alfo
is lantly Soil, with many bad Waters and fev/ good.
\\ n an Army paffes through this Province, all the In-
habitants theof, with their Wives, Children, Cattle, and
all their Houlhold-lluff, fly two Days Journey into the
Sands, where they know that good Waters are, and ftay
there, and carry their Com thither alfo to hide it in the
Sam's, after Harveft, from the like Fears. The Wind doth
foiicface their Steps in the Sand, that their Enemies cannot
find their Way. Departing from this Province, you are
to travel five Days Journey through the Sands, where no
other Water almoft than that which is bitter is any where
to be found, until you come to the City called Lop, which
is a great City, from whence is the Entrance ot a great
Defarr, called alfo the IVilderntfs of Lop, fcated between
the Raft ami the North-Eaft. I he Inhabitants are Mo-
kuimedaHS, fubjcft to tlie Great Khan.

In the City of Lop, Merchants who defire to pafs over
the Delart, taufe all NcttlTaries to be provided tor them j
and when Viduals begin to fail in the Dcfart, they kill
their AfTes and Camels, and cat them. Tiiey make it
moftly their Choice to ufe Camels, ber.iul'c they are flif-
lained with little Meat, and bear great ISurthcns. They
mull provideViftuals tor a Month to croli it only, for to go
. thro' it Lengthways would require a Year's Timt-. They
go through the Sands and barren Mountains, and daily
find Water •, yet it is fometimcs fo litde that it will hardly
fufficc litty or an hundred Men with thtir Beads ; and in
three or lour Places the Water isi.tli ami uittcr. The reft
of the Road, tor eight and twenty Days, .s very gcod. In it
thete arc not either Beafts or i>n(!s ; they lay, that there
dwell many Spirits in this Wikterncls, wliich caule great and
marvflluus Illulions to Travellers, ami make tliem perifli ;
for if any ftay behind and cannot lee his Company, he
Jliall be called by his Name, and lb goinijrout of the \V.iy
is loft. In the Night they hear as it were the Noife of a
Compiny, which, taking to be theirs, they peiifli likewife.
Coixcrts ot mufical Inltruments are fometimcs heard in
the Air; likewife Drums and Noifes ot Armies. They
go therefore clofc together, hang Bells on their Bealts
Neib, and fet Marks, if any ftay «.

1 laving pafled over the 13efjr. yoii come into the City
Sachicn. betwixt the Eaft and North-Eaft, fiibjeft to the
(ircit Khan, in the Province ot'Ianjiul, where, amongft the
Worlhippers of Mohammed, a few Nfftorian Chriflians
are toiind ; many Idolaters are .ilfo there, who have their
proper language. The Inhabitants of this City live not
by Merchandize, but on the Fruits of the tiarth. The
tity hath nmiiy Monafteries eonlecrated to divers Idols, in
^^h;rh many Sacrifices are ottered with great Reverence :
Ar.d when a Son is born to a Man, he prefently com-
Tifmleth him to fome Idol, and in honour thereof nou-
nnieth a Sheep that Year in his Hoiite, which he pre-
Itntfth before it, together with his Son, the next Feftival
l^ay ot that Idol, with .iiany Ceremonies, and great Re-
I'trnui', Afterwards the Mefli of the Sheep is boded, ami
leltl.) long bi fore the hlol till their Prayers are hnillied,
W'liic^i they make for tiie C'onlcrvation of their Sun, anu

the Idol hath, as they fuppofe, fucked the Savour of the
Meat I after which, all his Kindred being gathered toge-
ther, eat the Flefti at home with great Devotion and Joy,
but religioiilly keep the Bones in certain Veifels. The
Priefts have the Feet, Head, Inwards, Skin, and fome
Part of the Flefli, for their Share.

In celebrating the Funerals of fuch as were Men in
Eftcem, the dead Bodies are buried after this Manner i
the Kindred fend for the Aftrologers, and tell them what
Year, Month, Day and Hour he who died was born,
who, having confidered the Conftellation, aftigns the Day
when he is to be buried \ fo that when the Planet fuits not,
they prefervc the dead Body fometimcs feven Days, and
fometimcs fix Months, preparing a Cheft for it at home,
and joining the Sides together with fuch Art, that no
noifome Smells iffue forth. They alio embalm the Body
itfelf with Spices, and cover the Cheft, fairly painted
with embroidered Cloth ; and every Day that the dead
Corps u kept at home, at the Hour of Dinner a Table is
fpread near the Cheft, Wine and Meat fet thereon for
the Space in which one might eat a Meal's Meat, fuppof-
ing that the Soul of the Dead fcedeth on the Savour
thereof The Aftrologers fometimcs forbid to carry it out
of the chief Gate, pretending fome difaftrous Star, and
caufe them to carry it out another Way, and fometimcs
break the Wall which is opp-fite to that Place, which the
Planet makes more lucky ; tor otherwife the Spirits departed
would be offended, and hurt thofe of the Houfe ; and if any
fuch Evil happen, they afcribe it to the Dead thus wronged.
When the Body is carried through the City to be buried
without, wooden Cottages are erefted in the Way, with a
Porch covered with Silk, in which they place the Body,
and fet before it Bread, Fleili, and delicate Meats, fup-
pofing the Spirit to be refrelhed therewith, which is held
to be conftantly prefent at the burying of the Body ; and
when they come to the Place where the Body is to be
buried, they diligently and curioufly paint upon Papers
made of the Bark of Trees the Images of Men and Wo-
men, Horfes, Camels, Money and Garments, all the Iqr
ftruments of the City founding, which are burned toge-
ther with the dead Body ; for they fay, that dead Men
Ihall have fo many Men-fcrvants, and Maid-fervants, Cat-
le, and Money in another Life, as Piftures were burned
with him, and fliall perpetually live in that Flonour and
Riches.

12. The Province of Camul lieth in the wide Country
of Tan^iit, fubjeft to the Great Khan, having many Cities
and Towns; the chief City is called Camul. This Province
is bounded by two Defarts, viz. the Great Defart, of which
we have fpoken before, and another, that is lefs, of three
Days Journey. It abounds with all things for the conve-
nient Support of Life. The Inhabitants are Idolaters, have
a peculiar Language, and feem to be bom for no other
Purpofc but to apply themfclves t'' fporting, finging, dan-
cing, writing and reading, after their Fafhion, playing on
Inflruments, and giving themfclves unto Plcafure. When
any Traveller palling by goes into any Man's Houfe for
Entertainment, the Mafter of the Family receives him
with great Joy, and commands his Wife, and all the Fa-
mily, that as long as he will abide with them, they obey
him in all things. In the mean ti.Tie he departs, and re-
turns not fo long as the Gueft remains at his Houfe ; and
during all this Space the Stranger lies with the Wife, Daugh-
ter, and the rtft, as with his own Wives. Th^ Women of
the Country arc beautiful, and ready ;o obey all thefe Com ■
mandments of their Hufbands, who are fo befotted with
this Folly, that they think it a glorious thing for them,
and believe it fo acceptable to their Idols, that, tiirongh
their Favour thus obtained, they profiler, and enjoy Plenty
of all things. Mangu-Kkan having heard of this Folly,
commanded them not to obferve thi.i detcftable Cuftom any
longer, and accordingly they forbore it fcr about three
Years, and then not feeing their wont?d Fertility, and trou-
bled with fome domeftic Crofles, they fent Embafladors to

' Tl.n pcC.rt mcrtiorcd by our Author, flill retains the fnme Name in the moll modern Mspj. His Defcription of this and other VVilderneffe are
"0' > \^ct ; iiinl t.ie I lariiihips lie mcntichi in palling through them .ue rot \t lil exaaeratcd. It is fur this Keaibn that it is lo extremely Jiflicult
'"(ai! lion aiy I'ait ot :he L)onlillil)n^ ot the ' " ' ■ '■ • _-^j: :_.- - .. — i .1..1. iv. .,«.

•UvcLriy ^'eai- ppo fiiiie 4 crrt:iin R:.j..h who h
'■t!f l)ii.,if, 111 wliitli thf> ;ill peiilhi-d liy lluuiji. . ' '1 iiiill, exiip' '
"• ^'^■iK'!, wiicre he aiiu y;ic ot hii Aicn ilitJ ol die I'aiii'ue u lew Uay. aUcr. ,

N I. MB. .it. 7O t|^«

(..rdt Mogul to 0:r,i, wiiiiout lakini; a prodigious Compals to avoid thefe Defarts. It is not
ad iixiututlie Mo.urs 1 iipliilure, attempted, with a Train of thirty Followers, to p.ifs through
;.p NolikniaJi hiinfelf and four of his Attendant, fthg leachej tUc Provinco

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602

7/^.' rOYAGES and TRAFELS

'\, ' i

•, 'V-

III::, \ 1'
'ft;, '; *

Book I.

pro-

, , , • , , , , . - kindi. rft

hifulMtants arc Idolaters, living on the Fiuits ot the hji
ncgleifkinn Mcrchamii/r, or manual Lalwur, fthtr t"^,
I lulhanilry. All the Provinces and L'itas aforeW ]■

x\\t Klian, anJ farneftly rntiritrd tliat \f would rrvokf lo are tble to mnintain \ yet the firll is accountfil m

grirvtujs an M\i\, and not alxilifh that ancirnt Cnrton thy, .ind more lepitimatc. The HutKind rt"'^*'"'

whicH they had rrtriveil trom ♦hfir Aiicrftor^ The Khan Dowry from the Wite, but he himfelf adlen "f « '^^''

anfwt 1 ttl. Since you (icfite your Rrproarh and Shame, Irt Dowry in Cattle, Servant*, or Money, acrorciinJ T'

it be prantcd you, go and do herein arifv your Wont. The Abdity. If the Wile bccomts hateful to th« Hu^^ ' 1 ''

Miirtngtrs retumini; with tlii> Aniwrr, l>r(>«f;^ht great Joy i< lawtul for him tc dirorre her (rom him when h( nl j"

to all the People •, ami this Cullom is o6f< rvrd by the whole 'I'hey take for Wives without Scruple, their Kinlw!

Nation to this Day. or Mothervin-Law. Otir Author, together withTT'

Atttr the Province of <?«»*.', a Travrller enferf(i the thcr and Uncle, remained a Year in this City ford," i)

Province o{ Chmcbintalas, which on the North \\ Uiui\ded patch of certain Affairs. I rom the City Cmmnr ,

by the Dcfart, ami is tixteen Day< jourriry in Length, ceeti twelve Days Journey t() the City /•s/n,,, i^,iyf

Hihjrck to the Great Khan. It haili larf;c ( iitw, ami many a faiuly Dclart towards tlic North, [xiny, M in th^ p""

Caftles 1 the People are divided into thire .Seils \ i'nnw lew vince or Kingdom of Tangut. Many Camel? are th'^

acknowledge Chrill, and thclir arc N<ji(in.ini \ other* wor. and many other Bcalh aiul Animals of Icvtral ki ' ^''
flwy Mct<ammfd \ and the third liirt adore Idoh, In thii
Province there is a Mountain, wherein ate Mine* of Steel,
ami Amlanicum, and alio, a* wa* lepoifd, Salain.indn*

ul the \Vo<il ot which C'lnth wa>; niadf, wl,nh it call into f^/ex, Camul, C bine bin t alas, Huaatr, Cumin, uiii'l'-'.'

the I'irc, cannot be burneil ; but that Cloth i* in reality «re comprehended in i,iir:;ut.

ma-imr, as one of my Companions • J- "»*''"B P!*'^"' "^(t th? aforefaid btlart, youcoms

»into the City Carman, or Cimtirum, 3. lar^-c ll.icf
which IS in Compafs three Miles, ibonBly \o:um'. «itii
lurth, for Stone they have none. Nearit'is a grt»i (.'iitl-
ami in it the Govcrniir's fair l^ilacc. This was j \>\iu
near which in old Times the Tnrian aUtmlvcl ihcn.l.lrt;'
and here therefore we will declare hjw thi y beian to rt:.C
They ilwclt in the North Parts, r/t. 1;; Qirza irA ^ji:,,'
where arc many vaft Piains without Cues ami TovsJ
but abounding in Paflurcs, Rivers, ami Likes. Tlifv.iiaii
not a Prince of their Nation, but paid Tnliut;.- ti)ac'rra
great King, named, as I have heard in thtir Unguagf,
Vmoin, which, in Ibme Mens Opinion, in our brom^t
ligniticth Frrj/yur, or rruj} John. To liim iht -hr:^-!
gave yearly the Tenth.s of all their Bealh. k i'n\.i,.t
Time the 'lartan lo incrcafcd in Multitudes, that Lk.i
was afraid of them, and thought to dilpcrle thtm into lcr>
ral Parts of the World, and therefore whtin any ot them
icbillcil, he li:nt three or four hundred Tartan into thole
Parts, lo diminilhing their Power, and the like he did on
other Occalions, deputing lonu of their Nobility lor ika
Purpofc. '1 hey feeing tlitir Kuiii intended, and loth tole
fe|>arated one from another, went troiii the Piaces w.'iKe
they dwelt to the Dclart towards the North, where tVy
might be late, and denied Umcm their acculloined 1 Ym;,
It hapjiencd, that about the Year .i.D. ii62,the 'isr-
Inn liaving continued for Ionic tun ■ m liiolc Para, c.ioi't
a King among ilitmlelves, a wili and valiant Ma.'i, n^td
/.ingtiKban, lit began to rdgn with futii Jiiihcc, tiutht
was beloved and feared oi all a:> a ( lod radicr than a Prince,
inlomuih that his l-aiue brought ail tiic 'Lrun iniiiifatu
to his SubjccUon, and he feeing liiinl;lt l.uiJoVi;, .mny
v.diant Men, determined to leave tlicle IXiarts, a.'idcotn-
manding ihtm to provide Bows and otiicr U capur.;, a:*
Ran to lubduc Cit;t> and Pruvmccs, 111 N\hichCoiii;i«i;ih:
placed luih jull (iuvernors, that the People were no; &
pleated. I'he thief ot tlicm he carried along with h:i:i »-
(lowed oiuhemPiovilionb and liilts. Seeing tiit.rclore:."j;s:
wa!. advanced to lb great Ijlory and Power, lie lent hv^&
dors jx)lititkly tu Uiitcan, to entreat tliat he would ixib'vb
Daughter ujkju him to be his Wile, wauh lie tA: ; it
vt IV evil Part, aniwcrcd with Indignation, and ieju;io'-"-
I'.iiibaliatiors of Zih£ii, laid, " Duih my Servant deinnd
" my Daughter i* Ott ye out ot niy ."iigiit, andt.dysar
" Mailer, il he ever make luch Demand again, 1 »:J
" make liiiu die a mileiable Dcai.'i."

But King Zwiti levying a great Army, jnimd
boldly and cntaii:j)td in 4 certain great I'lam m^xJ
'JiinJuc, Icmling unto the King, and lignilying unto h:m,
that ht Ihmikl defend liimlcit -, but he tonimaniin!; i
mighty Army, deleeiidcd tu the Plains, and ptc'icjl ■ ■'
■J cut within ten Miles ol the t .niip ot tie-' ■Iin-r-- I'^'J
/.iHiiis tommandnl Ins Alliologefi 10 Ihew h'ln wIiatH'st
and" ijuccels the Buttle llioukl have. I'hcy >.iittii'g •» '^=f''

made of Stone, in thi?

a '.'«'*, named Curt/nr, a Man indued wiih lingular In-
diilliy, informed me, who luil the Charge ol the Minerals
in iliat I'lovime. A certain Miiieial is tounil in th.it
Mountain, which yields I'liread not unlike to Wool, miuI
thel; king dried in the Sun, are bruited in a branen Mor-
tar. .in>l alterwards waflieJ, and whatloever eaitl.y .S\ib*
ftaiitetlKks totheni, is takenaw.iy. Ijllly, ihele Ihteads
fo deanled, are Ipun like other Wool, and woven into
Cloth, aii.l when they would whiten thole Ch)th«, they ralV
them into the I'ire tor an I lour, and then like them out
iinliurt wlmer than Snow, attrr the fame m.iinier they
tleaiile liicm when they have taken any Sfiots -, lor no otlif r
walhnig IS ufcd to tluin, l>elidek ilic Piie. But with re-
gard tM the Salamander, or the Seiiwnt, whu h i.s rejmrietl
to luT i/i the Fire, I ct)uld lind nothing ol luch a Cieaiurr
ill the pJif Countries. Tliey fay th( re is a certain Napkin
at Rom: wcven ot Salamander- Wool, wherein the lland-
kerehief of the Ij'-d is kept wrapped i:p, whirh a certain
King ot the Tartars lent to thr Biiliop ol Ktmf '.

After you are pall this Province, you ti.ivel on l)etwixt
the F.ail aid North-1-Jll, ten Days Journey, in which lew
Habitations or Things remarkable are found, and then you
come to the Province Suair, in whiih are m.my \illages
and Towns -, the chief City u lallcil Suf,ir. In this I'ro-
vmce, amongm.rny Idolaters,atc\vChrillians.irefiiuiid» they
arc fubjeft to the tireat Khan, 1 hry do nut aildi.l them-
Iclves to Mcrchandiice, but live on the l-'iuinol the P.arth.
'J"hc belt Rhubarb 15 found in this Piovhk e m gieat t Hun-
tines, which is carried thence by Mctihants 10 divris Paiti
Of the World. Strangeis dare not go to the Mountains
where it grows, by reaion of venomous lln In, whuh il
their Ikalls lliould cat ihcm, would lute iheir I luoK i but
thofc ol that Country know and avoid theni,

The general Name of thi.s Province, and of iSr two fol-
lowing, IS 'langui : Camfiin is a great Ciiv, (he Piiiuipal
m the Country of Tan^ut. In it aie Chrillians, whn h have
three great and fair Chun lies, ,\Jeb.immoiiini and idolaters.
The Ii'olaters have many Moiiaileries, where they woilliiii
their Ii'.ols. Thofe Idols ai<- niadr eiiher ol Sione, Winid,
or Clay, tome of which arc inlaid with lioKl, and very aiti-
ficially \si. night. .Some are lo great, that they t oniain ten
Paces in Un;;th, latlened to the larili, as if tlwy lay up-
right, nearvsliiih little Idols arc pUied, whuh Icem to give
Ktvcrcnce to tiic grciter, and both aic much ssorlliipi^icd.
The aligiuus Men Iccm to live inoie honrllly than other
Idolaters, aSilaining tioni Whoredom, and other bale
thingi ; yet Wantonnels is not hekl there any guevousSin,
for they lay, it a Woman lues to a Man, he iiiay nie her
without Sip, but not it he turn lint to lur, 1 hey reckon
the whole Comp,il» ot the Year by Moons. In the Moons
ili-y ohf rve in lonv live, m „i|„is luur or tliiee Dayk,
wheuin they kill no Bealt, or Bud, ikh e.it I Idli, J lie
T.iymen marry twenty or tl.iuy Wives, or as many as tiny

kngf.ff.:;.

Ult

Chap. H.

<?/ M A R c o P o r, o.

603

..'iiatiiwire, in two Parts, (luck ihc Plcccj by tliemfclves iiuo
ihe (jroimil, and wrote upon tlw one Ziiigh, and the
(ither UmiM, and faid to the King, In the niian Sjmce
while wc read, it Ihall come to pals, by the Idol's Power,
that tlitfc two Parts of the Reed fliall Hght together, and
whole Part IliaU fall on the other, the King ihall obtain
Victory in t'>c Battle. The Multitude therefore running
loijctlKT to behold that Spedatle, the Allrologers began
ty iminiblc their Prayers, and read their Inchantnicnts,
wluii prcfcntly the Parts of the Reed being moved,
IuiirIu togetiier, until the Part of Ziit^is all-ended upon
tlic I'jrt of Umcan, which being feen by the Tartars, allii-
lal ot the future Victory, they were encouraged to the Battle,
aiul Umcan being llain, the Vidory and Kingdom, and
'Uincan'i Daughter remained to Zin^ii.

Zin^is reigned fix Years after tliis, in which he con-
oucrcd many Provinces •, and lalUy, wiicn lie en'lcavoured
fu win a certain CalUe called Thaigin, and came foniewhat
too near, being fhot in the Knee by an Arrow, he died, and
WIS buried in the Mountain Altat. The firll King of the
tartars was called Zingis, the fccond Ki>cn-Kha», the
third Bathyn-Kban, the tourth Efu-Kifau, the filth Mangu-
Khan, tiie fixth Kutlai-Kkin, whole Power is greater than
all his Predeceffors, having inherited theirs, and adding
byConqucft in a manner the reft of the World -, for he hv-
cd near fixty Years in his Goverment. The Name KIiuh
lii'nifieth Emperor. All the Great KJjans and Princes of
ilic Blood ot Zingis, are carried to the Mountain of /1l-
till to be burietl, wherefocvcr they die, altho' one hun-
ilicd Days Journey ' )m it -, and thty which carry the
Corps to the Burial, Kill all thofc that tliey meet in the
Way, laying, go and lerve our l^rd the King in another
Lite ; they kill alio the bcft Horfes. When the Body of
the Great Khan- Mangu., the Pieiieccffor of Kban-Cublai
was brought unto the Mountain yillai to be buried, the
Soldiers accompanying the Puncral, are reported to have
n,iin above ten thouUiid Men upon tiie aforefaid Ot-

C'l'ion '. „ r ■ , r

The -Tartarian Women are mou faithful to their Huf-
bands. Adultery is the greateit Shame amonglt them,
yet it is accounted lawful and hoiiell that every one may
mrry as many Wives as he is able to maintain, altho' the
tirllbe looked upon as principal and more hono«.irablc than the
K\\. Tht IL- live together in one I louii.', without one ill Word,
in admirable Concord, make their Merchandizes, buy and
Itll, and procure all things ncceirary to tneir i lulbands and
lloulhoki, the Men meddling with nothing but their Hunt-
ing, Hawking, and things pertaining to Arms. They
have the beft 1-alcons in the World, and aho Dogs ; they
live only on Fkfli and Milk, and what they take in Hiuu-
ing. They cat Horfes, Camels, Dogs, if fat, and drink
Mares Milk, called Colmos, lo managed, that it is like
white Wine. If the Father dies, the Son may have all
his Wives, excejx his own Mother and Sillers ; lb the
Brother beii.g dead, it is lawful for the Brother wiio remain-
eth alive, tomarry the Widow of his decealed Brother. 'I'he
Hulbam'.s receive no Dowry ot tlie Wives, but they thein-
)"'o allign Dowry to the Wives and their Mothers.
Through ilic Multitude of their Wives, the '/Vjr/«rjliave ma-
ny einli!ren, nor is this Multitude ot Wives very burthen-
fomi', kiiiig they gain much through their Labour ; be-
fu!.s, they are very careful for the Government o( the
I'ainily, and Preparation of their Food, and with no lels
(.are execute the other Duties of the Houle ; but the Mm
apply themlelves wholly to Hunting, Fowling, and the
txt-icilc (it Arms.

The Tartars feed many Herds of Oxen, Flocks of
Siicip, and odier Bealls and Cattle, and remain with tliem
in riaccs of Pafhire, in the Summer Time, in the Moun-
tains and colder Places, where they find Pallurc and

Wooilj but in the Winter, tliey remove to the hotter
Countries, wIkil tluy find Pallure for their Cattlcmarchina;
lurwards two or three Months together. Tiicir 1 loules are
covereil with Sticks and Felts and arc commonly round,
which they tarry with them in Carts, or Waggons, with
lour Wheels; tor they can fold and extend them, lit
them up and take them down, i:iti they turn, wherefiic-
ver they go, the Door of thefe moveable Houlcs always to
the South. They have alio neat Carti of two Wheels, co-
vered with Felt lo clofe, that the Rain cannot pierce thro' '
them, drawn by Oxen and Camels, wherein they carry
their Wives, Children, and necelTary houfliold Stuff with
them, and defend them from the Injury of foul Weather
and Rain.

The Tartars, if thcjr be rkh, are cloathed in Sables,
Urmins, and Cloth ot Gold, and all their Furniture is
collly. Their Arms are Bows, Swords, Pole-axes, and
fome Lances \ but they can bell ufe their Bows, to which
they are ulcil from their Childhood; They are hardy, active,
brave, but fomewliat cruel, will continue two D.nys and
Nights on 1 lorlcback armed, exceeding patient and obedi-
ent to their Lordsuhdr Cattle alfoarellrongand hardy. The
I-jw and Faith of the Tartars is this, they fay, that there
is one Great God, Supreme in Heaven, oi whom with
daily Incenle they defire good Underllanding and Health,
They have another which they call Nitigay, wlncli is a
little Image covered with Felt, oilome other thing, which
every one hath in his Houle. To this God they make a
Wile and Children, phuing the Wife's Image at the
Left-hand, and the ReprelLiitations of the Children before
his I".m-. This they call the God of earthly things, which
kee|s their Cinldren and their BealV,, and Coin, and
give it great Revertnce. IJ.fore they eat themlllvcs, they
anoint the Mouths of the Images with the Fat of the fou-
dcn I''le(h, and tiuy call the Biuth our of Doors, in Ho-
nour of other Siiiiits, faying, that now their God with his
I'amily, has had clieir Part, and after tiiey eat and drink at
Plealiirc.

If the Son of a Tartar liic before he lias been married,
and the Daughter of another die alio unmarried, the Parents
of the decealed meet together, and celebrate a Marri-
age between the Dead, and making a Draught in Writing
ol that Contrafl, they paint Men and Women for Ser-
vants, Horles, and other Creatures with Cloaths of all
Sorts, and Monies in Paper, and burn them together with
the Cuiitraci, by the Smoak whereof they liiy, that all
thefe things are carried to their Children in anotlier Work^,
where they arc married, and the Feathers and Mothers
conceive, they are joined together in liich a Bond of Af-
finity, as if thele Marriages h.id been celebrated while the
maiTud Couple weie Hill living.

W hen the Tartars go to \Var, their Prinrc condiiJls
about a hundred thouliind Horli, appointing Heads over
Tens, Hundreds, Thoulands, and ten iTioulands, by
which Subordination, Commands arc calily maintained v eve-
ry 1 lundred is called a Tuc, every Ten a Tcman : When
they begin their March, they llnd out Men every W,ay
as Scouts, that no Lneniy alfault them unprovided. Of
Horles and Mares, every Man has about eighteen. They
cai-ry alio their Felt-hoiilLs, uiukr which they Ilielter them-
felves in times of Rain. When the c tails out fome im-
portant I'lnployment, they will ride ten Days togcfher
without Viaualsdry or boiled, andliveon the Blood of their
Horles, cutting a Vein, .ind fucking it. They have Milk
drietl like Palle, which they make by boiling the Milk,
and Ikimming the Cream, which fwims on the Top, into
another VelVel, and make Butter 1 afterwards they fct thi-
Milk in the Sun, and dry it, ;md when they go into rho Ar-
my, carry with them about ten Pounds thereof, and every
Morning a Man takes about halt a Pound, and puts it in a

' Our \uihfir has liecn cliurgM willi ni.iny \!iU.ikes in this l.ill of the Piinccs who filCCfCil»il /i>i^ii-KI/iin, but he hi» lirtn chiirg'J by thofc ttha
Ui« much Iilsofihc Madiiili.m he diJ i ami therefore lo let liiis Maiti'iright, wewillgivfii lluni .Vccouiit of ih.itSuLcetiion, troiu the .iiithentick
Work of .Uul^tiii-Huya.iur Khun. 1 uo Years after the Death ol /.imn-K/itir, tlic 'Inrtar I'rinccs, in Compliance wuh the tniperoi's Will, Houid
I'iucxalitdi '^,,^,„ An,,, 10 that Dij;mty, whicli he ablolutely refilled, becaule he had mi Uncle and iwo eldii Brothers hviiig. I his Difpiiie hiKcJ
f.iiiy jJays, «iitii at aj^icai Couiitil iiu cUlcr ;uid youiiycr Urotiier ro!c up and laid, Voii liuve he.nrd our I'athei's W ill, your .viodclly fiiill not reudtr
"' guilty (if Inn'ieiy, we will exccuie \u> U III, it you will not) and lii taking liuii, one by one rtrm, Hnd the other by the other, they loitedhim ii.ij
lie lnn*rial Cliaii a^ainll liis c onlciii, ,7. I>. 1:30. I hi) Piiiice died fuddmly m 1 i\%. He wa^ fuccecded by hii Son Kajui-KiMi:, whom our .lu-
1'." lilies A'-,-. Kiiin, who died in the Year 1 24-, and was fuccecdtd by .1/m«^i; A/',;,v, who held the hinpire to ll,c Year 1 257, svlicii he was lut-
"iJiJ by by Ko'.l.u-KL-.iii, the Itnie with wlioin'our .Author liv'd, and whom he uK: A«<'/»lAV,tx fie icign'd in all tinrt\ -live \ tm, iiid died in
■""■t ^ tai I ; , ;, which aniCi. viiy well witli AUnt /Vs's ReUliuii.

^ Flalk,

III f

-■ri'

>(■'

T.':

:■ in

5o4

ne rorJGES and TR ATELS

S M . ;

<i<

Rook I.

FI.ilTv, or If .ithcr Bftttlc, with a< murli Water a< he i>l'alc5. MriclMmlirc and Arts »na hive aVundanct ol C
which while he rides, mixes together, ami tin* is his Th. y nr.- Iilolatcr*, of a fat UckIv .uuI Imlt N ""'

Dinner

1 lair, havinj» r^o Bcarii l>iit four I V

When they encounter with their Fnemies tiny rule The Women are wuikIci hilly f.ilr, .in,) wh.

"l'>fc^lCk

iir^ (III thcr Cbn,

n the M

I thiie (hooting, anil fomctinies make a Siicw of fire to marry Wives, they rath( r iTuk<; Choi,

bro- Beautiful than the Noble Dr Kiih. It .)tun In

nrrc am

Flight, (hooting as they fly i anil fimiing ihi- Knemy
ktn, re)oin thiir Forces, and purfue the Vuiory, having
their llorib fo at Commund, as with a Si^^n to turn
any Way. But now the Tir/an are nuxid and contiiund-
rd, and fo arc their Fafliions. They punilh Malilaiilors
after this Manner •, If any Real a Thing of fniall Value,
and IS not to be ileprivctl of l.ilc, he is fevcn Times
W aten with a Cudj^el, or fcventccn, or li ven and twenty,
or thirty and fcven, or forty-ltvcn, giving the Strokes ar-
c<!r mn to the Mealure and Quality of the Offence, and
that unto an hundred : Some die through thefe Strokes,
bit if any have ftolcn an 1 lorie, or other Thing, for the
wliich he dcferves to die, he is cut afundcr with a Swonl
in th'- Middle •, but if he will redeem his Fife he may, by
rrftoring the Theft nine-foki. Such as have Horfes,
Ivxen, or Camels, brand them with their Marks, and
fcid them to feed in the I'afturcs without a Kcei>er.
l.civing the City of Caracarum and the Mountain ^iltai,
v,e come unto the champion Country of Bargu, which
rxttn'.s itlelf northwads about fixty Days Jounuy in
I . Mj^fh Ihe Inhabitants of theic I'lausarc called Meditfj,
£' .' they arc fubjcA to the Great Khan, and in Manners
III:, the -hi' tars ; they are a Sort of lavage Men, and cat
th: Mifli of Bcafts which they take by hunting, efjwiially
Staj^ , of which they have I'lenty, and they make them
fo tame th..t they can ride them ; they have no Corn or
Wine. I'l the Summer they chiclly pradila hur'ing of
wiid Ik alls and Fowls, on the Flelh whereof they may
live in the Winter ; for in Winter Fowls, as well as
othf r living Things fly from thence on account of the
Fxtrcmity of the Cold.

14. After foify Days Journey ycu come to the Ocean,
near which is a Mouitain, where Storks and fine Fal-
cons breed, which are carried thence unto the Court of
the Grrat Khan. Here we mu(\ return unto the City
Campion i if therefore you pnx-eed farther five Days Jour-
ney irom the City Campion towards the Haft, you come to
the Kingdom of Frginul, in the Province of 'laniut, fub-
jecl to the Cireat Khan. In this Kingdom arc many Ido-
latip.-, there are fomc AV/?<!r(.;» Clinftians and Turks ;
a-s alfo many Cities and CalUcs, of which A>(^/W Ls chief .
I'rum hence, it you proceed f.iithcr to the South-liaft,
you may go to the Parts ot Gtibny. Cioinj; South-Fjft to-
wards Cathay, there is a certain famous City natned C(>i-
guy, the Name alio of the I'rovincp, tributary unto the
Great Khan conta;niil in Tan/^ui ; t!ie I'copic are lijnie
Chriflians, fomc McbammtiiaHS , ami oihcrs Id(jlaters.
There arc alfo found wild Ox;n, very near as big as F.lc-
I !i.ints, very fair, having white and black Hair, Ihort in
ottiir Parts, and on the ShouKlcr three Palms long, fine,
white, and in many Rrl(K(rts beyond Silk, of which I lair
our Author brought Ibmc mytnite as a rare Thing. Many
alfo of thi fe Oxen are tamed, antl made to coujiJc witn
Unie Kmf.and the Breed of them are fitter for Bufinefs
than any odier Creatures, Ixrar great Burthens, are yuaked
to the Plough, and do twice as much St-rvice as others.

The lieft Mu(\ in the World is found in this Province,
and is taken from a Bcall of the BiLjnefi of a Goat, having
Hair like a .Stig. Fret and Tail like a Gazcll, but with-
out Horns. It hath four Teeth, two alxjve and two be-
neath, of the Ixngth of three Fingers, as white as Ivory,
and IS a very hcaiiiilul Creature. When the Moon is at
fi:ll, mar the Navel, under the Belly, there grows to this
Imp.iniimeoi RI.KKlcr, full of Blooil, and at the

"« ul the

WK ff,

ence, that a great Nobleman marries a iwt VVii-
beautiful, affigning a Howry to her Mother, ihn iv
vince extends itfelf five and twenty Days Jniini , "
I.cngth, and is very fcrtde ; in it ar- excm'uw '«
Phealants, having Trains eight or ten liimlfuL 'u,..
many other Kinds of Birds are alio found thtt^ wIikj,'
have very beautiful Feathers ot various excellent Co-
lours '.

After eight Days Journey fiirther Fjft, you men w-i,
the Province Egrigaia, in the which are many C to uj
Callles J all but this lies ftill in 'lanf^ui. Theprincitttllity
is called Calada, the Inhabitants thererl are Kiolattrs-
there are three Churches of Ncftorian Chrilhans, who art
fubjeft to the Cireat Khan. In this Ciry Camblris arc
made, woven of white Wool, and the Hair of Cantai,
than which there are fcarce any better in the World. L;t
from this Province of Egngaia, lies that of TamMb, a
which arc many Cites and C afUcs, and here Prf Ibytt: 7ki
refides, who now pays I'ribute to the CJreat Khin. '[\t
King of that Nation js called Cargt, and is a Pncft an 1 j
Chriffian, and moft of the I'tople are Chnllians. Alli.'^^t
Great Kh.in5, after his Death (who was (lam in Battle I »
^'"Jf'-') give their I'Hiughters to thole Kitigs to Wife,
This King Ceorgt holds not all that the Piii.'ll7«^">lx!cre
held, anil is the F'ourth of that Family '. There is a Nj.
tion then- called JrgoHs, more fiphtly M;n, and finer it:
Merchandize than the rcfl, defended of Idolaters arj
Mibammedans. There arc alfo two Regions, wiiere they
dwell, which in thofc Parts are called 0^ and Mqoi; but
they which dwell there call them Ung and Mexgui; mVi^
are Gig, and in Mengut the 'I'tirtars. Rilling; till levca
Days towards Cathay arc many Cities ptopled Wiihldih-
ters, Mihammedam, and Nrjlorian:. J'herc is one Ci;)-
called Sindidn, where very excellent Arms arc nucc
of divers forts fit for Armies. In the Muuntainj of ir.a
Province arc great Mines of Silver, and much Game, xiJ
the Country of the Mountains is called IMfa.

Three Days Journey from the City laft nn-ntionec! llr.ii
another City Jangamur, that is, The IVbitt Uki, where
there is a Palace, in which the Cireat Klian delights, Ixraiilc
therr arc many Lakes and Rivers, many Swa.is arid a
the Plains, Cranes, Pheafaius, Partridges, and other fowls.
Thrrc arc five forts of Cranes there, Ibine have bkk
Wings like Crows, others aic white, and bright, hariij
their Feathers full of F.yvs like IVacKks, butofaGoiiu
Colour, the Neck black and white, very beamitui i a tlwd
fort for Bignefs not unlike mirs ; a fourth little, and rtry
fair, interioingled with red and blue Colours ; tiic lilth o!J
griz/.le, or gny Colour, havinr^ red and black Heads, acd
thefe are very large-, and ne.ir to this City lies: Va^'cr,
where are many Cottages, in which a great Number ci
Partridges are maintained, wimh are kept againd iii«
King's coming to loiigctJure for fi.nieTime. Three RiTs
Journey North-liaftward, i'i the City Qnndu, which the
Great Khan C»Wjy miw reigning built, eredingthrrffii
marvellous Palace of Marble, and other Stones, w.hii.Hei-
tends 10 the Wall on the one Side, and the middle ot 1 1
City on the other. Fie included fixteen Miles, w;thn U
Circuit of the Wall on that Side, where the 1^ F^
the City Wall, into which none can enter but hy thcf-itf-
In thi5 Indofurc or Park are plealant Mratiows, Vi"gs.
Rivers, red and fallow Deer, Fawns carnal thitticr '^
the Hawks, of which are mewed there aU^it two tiu.---
(icr-Falcons, which he gms once a Week to '«->"';
often ufcth one Leopard or more fitting on florl'S •'
which he hunts the Stag and Deer, and h.»vmg uKr.n ■
bell, give$ it to the Ger-Fal< ons, and in bchoK-H'.

^T.*'L^I^'''°"."^"!'^*^l'''''^'''^,^r.•'>:,*»^' '"J conttin. noihinitin it li-ble to F.xception. which (J>c». ihat where our Auto*'"

.r,.», he '*•: "Jv
a„yfatt!KiMil"'

Raft

Full M<xjn they goto hunt them, and take away thatSwcll

irg, which is dried in the Sun, and is the Ixft Muftc ; the

Flefti alfo 1' gcjod to cat : Mafhr Marc brought to ytnite

the I Icau and Feet of this Bcaft dried. The Men live by

Chap n.

<?/ M A u c o Polo.

605

Spcibclf, li? tAc' imiiii DJigiit. Ill the mkl.1 of a I'.iir
\Vo(x), Ik* l'.itli I'll''' •! '^"V'l noiilo on Filljrs y^Uk\\
jiul vjiiiilhi'>i, on cv'fiy oiv.- (iV wine h is a Dragon all f;ilt,
which winds iii'i I'jil .iboiit th«- .'Ml.ir, with his I (tail bcar-
iiij; up the Hoot, M alio with his VViiij^s liifplaycd on both
Sidci ; the Covrr alio is of Itceds gilt and varnifhcd, lb
[hit tiie Kain cm <!') it no Injury, the Rfciis being three
I landluls thic k, and ten Yard* long, fplit from Knot to
Knot , thi- lloiifc itfeit' alfo may be pulkd in Pieces, and
tikfii down like a Tent, and eret'lcd again \ for it is fuf-
tained, w icn it is fit up, with two hundred filkcn Cords.
The lilt It Khan ufeth to dwell there three Months in the
Ycir, -. - Ji'if, Jtify, and /iugiijl. On the twenty eighth
Day of .!ii^iijl he departcth to make a lolfinn Sacriticc.
He hath nn Herd of white Horfes, and white Marcs, .ibout
tfn tlioiifand, of the Milk whereof nonf; may drink, exci-pt
he he of the Imperial Race of Zin^is-Khan, and cxceiitone
Family called Boriat, who had this {^ranted l)y Zingit for
their Valour ; and thcfc Hearts, as they go up and down
Icediiig, are much reverenced, nor dare any go before
them, or hinder them in their Way.

The Aftrologers or Sorcerers tell the Khan, that on the
twentieth of tlie Moon of .Itfgtifl, he fhall difperfe that Milk
here and there for the I lonoiir of all Spirits, and his Idols,
liiat they may be careful Pirfetvcrs of all things which he
pulT: fits. There an- two Ibrts of Idolaters called Cbebetb
aikl Cbffmii, which in the midft of Storms afcfiul the
I'alacc, ami liilfcr no Kain to fall thereon, which they make
llie IViiplc believe comes to pals by their Sanctity, and
tlicrefoio they go flovenly and negligent of their I'lrfons,
m vcr w.ilhing nor combing thcmfc'ves. They alfo have a
liumll' Liiil:om to drel's and eat fuch as are condemned to
Death, but not thofc which die naturally. They arc called
alio Bi!i-<Ji, which is the Name of their Order, ii Friars,
Predicants, or Minors with us ; they lleni by Magick to
ilo what they lift. When the (ireat Klian in his llall fits
;,t li,3 Table, it is raifed eighty Y.irds high, and in the midft
nt the Hall, a good Diftancc from the Table, is a great
Cupboard ot" Plate, from whence thefc Sorcerers caufe Wine
or Milk to fill the (ioblcts, without any Hard touching
them 1 this they do in the Pa'lcnce of any Man, whenever
their Lord commands it. Thelc I'.adftMo, when they have a
mind to make Fcafts to their Idols, go to the Khan, and ad-
ilrel's him thus, •• Sir, You .ire to know that if our Idols be
" not honoured with Saerifices, they will bring Plagues on
" Corn and Btafts, and therefore wr intrcnt you to give usthe
" I'lefh of fo many Sheep, with black Heads, anit fo many
" i'dunds of Incrnfe, and Lignum Aloes, that we may
" nuke them ilue S.icrilice and Honour." This they
fpake not to him thcmlllves, but by certain Lords deputed
to that Ofhce, who Ipeak to the Khan, and obtain it. On
the l''>;alld.iy tlicy facriticc thelc Bcalls and fprinkle the
Broth before the Iilols.

They h.avc great Monafteries, Ibme of the Bignefs of a
City, 111 levcral of which are about two thoufand Monks,
who lirve an Mo!, fequcftrated from the I^ity, as a[)pears
by their Shaving and Garments ; for they Ihave their Heads
and Beards, and wear a religious Garment. Thelc, in the
Saleninities of their Idols, fing with folemn Songs, and
Lights ; fonu- of them may marry. There are Ibme who
obli-ive llriift Abftinence, calletl Senfsm, Ic.iding an auftere
I 'te J for they eat nothing hut Meal mingled with Water,
till all the Flour be gone, and eat the Bran without any
Sav.iur. Tlu 11* worftiij> the Fire, and the Men of other
Joules lay, that their, which arc fo auftere, are Hereticks
ar;aiall their Law, becaufe they worlhip not Idols as they
ito 1 and there are great Differences fjetween them, and
thill ni irry not at all. They Ihavc their Head and Beard,
wear bl.itk hempen Garments, or of a bright yellow. They

flfcpon thick Mat";, and live the fcvercll Life in the World.
15. In this Bj<jk I purpofe to write all tin: great and
marvellous Ads of the piefent Khan called CublaiKLin,
which is, if exprclTed in our I'ongue, Lord of Lords, the
greatcft Prince in People, Cities, and Treafurcs, that ever
was in the World, he being defccndcil from the Progeny
of 2/»^;V, the firft Prince of the Tartan, the fixth Ftn-
peror of that Country, beginning to reign in the Year of
our l.ord i j/;C, being tweniy-ftvin Tiars c and ruling
the People with great Wifdom and Gravity. He is a va-
liant Man, excrcifed in Arms, ftrong of Body, and of a
lofty Mind, for the Performance of Mattm before he at-
tained to the Dignity of the Empire, which by his Wif*
dom he did, againft the Will of his Brethren. He often
fticwed himfelf a valiant Soldier in the Wars, and carried
himfelf like a wifer and boleler Captain than ever the Tar-
tan had 1 yet fince he fwayed the Kingdom, he went but
once into the Fiekl, and fends his Sons atiid other Cap-
tains on F,xpeditions.

IntheYearofourJx>rd 1286, hisUncle,whofe Name was
Naittm, being thirty Years of Age, and having the Comruanei
of many People and Countries, fo that he was able eafily to
bring together four hundred thoufand Horfe, being puft'ed-
up through youthful Vanity, would no longer be fubjeA,
but woulei needs take away the Kingdom from his Lorel
CiMai, and fent to another great Lord named CayJu^
Lord of the Parts toward great Turky, who was Nephew
of the F'mperor Cuilai, yet hated him, who yielding to
his Motion for Rebellion, promifed to come in Pcrfon
with an hundreel thoufand Horfe.

Both of them began to gather Forces, which could not
be done fo fecretly, but CuMai heard of it, and prefently
took order to let Guards on the Ways, that no Intelli-
gence might pafs, and then aflembled all the Forces,
within ten Days Journey of Cambaiu, with great Speed,
fo that in twenty Days were gathered together three hun-
dred anil fixty thoufand I lorle, and one hundred thoufand
Foot, a great Part of them Falconers, and Men of his
I loufhold 1 with thtfe he made Hafte Day and Night to-
warels Naiam's Country, where, at the End of twenty-five;
D.iys he arrived, altogether i;nlooked for, and relied his
Men two Days j then he calieti his Aftrologers, and caufed
them, before all the Army, to divine who Ihould have
Viftory; a thing they ufe to encourage their Men, and
they promifed it to Cublai. One Morning whilft Naiam
was (leeping negligently in his Tent, having not fo much
as fent out any Scouts to gain Intelligence, Cublai made
Ihew of his Army upon a Hill, himfelf fat in a certain
Callle of Wood, full of Archers and Crofs-bow Men^
born by four Elephants, on the Top whereof was the
royal Standard, with the Images of the Sun and Moon.
He divided his Army into three Bodies, of which he lent
that on the Right-hand, and the other on the Left againft
Naiam's Army. To every ten thoufand Horfe were af-
ligned five hundred Foot, with Lances, taught to leap up
behind ihe Horfemen, if any Occafion of Flight happen-
ed, and fuddenly, on Advantage, to light and kill the Ene»
mies Horfes with their Lances : Caidu was not yet come.

The Battles joined, and made a cruel Fight, which
continued from Morning till Noon, and then was Naiam
taken and brought before Cublai, who commanded that
he ftiould be fewed betwixt two Carpets, which fhould be
tofs'd up and down, till the Breath was out of his Body»
th.at fo the Imperial Blood might not be expofed to the
Sun or to the Air. The Remainder of his People fware
Obedience to Cublai, which were tour Nations, Ciazza,
Carli, Bar/col and Silinqui. Naiam was fL..i-etly baptized,
and by ProfefTion a Chriftian, but no Follower of the
Works of Faith, yet he figned his principal Enfign with the

" Die Vcr nf tlii', I'mpcrcirS Aj/, .it the Time of his Acceflioii, is put ia a diiftrent Charailer, lienure none of the IMSS, hive it at all, and
'■ 1 III) omiik li in llvcr.il of the ('niiicil I dieimn ; we c iimot therefore fiirly charge tiic Author with tiic Millalcc in it, w hich coniilU ot ten Years,
'■ ■. I'; inei- ,11 the 'I'iine ot iii- Ateilfiuii Iwirg tlurty-lcvcn Years old, or ratiier in tlie thirty-eighth Year of his Age. Tltere feems .illb to be an Er-
' ' 1!' Ik \i:.u uf hii, Rcinn, but thit i. eahly corrcad. fince, as that I'riutu was ruisM to the Inipeiial Dignity in the Month of Jenuarrf Mar.t
'"', ul.o rici-.ons iicciir.iiiig to the lari.ir Vc.ir, pLicii it in i 256, «.l.erfas we computing from the beginning of the Month of Januatt, make it
1:;- I 111- geiiealoijicjl Ilill.Mv ol the /.(././rj iTilorms us nf the bie:ikiiii;-out of a civil War upon the Election of tli*,. Ivmperor, tho' it gives u$
fimmhni .1 ilifii-rert Accnnnt ot the Inn-luliin iif it, ia which our .•\mlior inijjht be eafily miltaken, fince he owns wkac he delivers was from Hear-
f y. Ilcmcvcr, the Kxailiui; as 10 Datis is trulv wonderful, fince in tic Compils of one hundred Years after thelc IMvcIs were publiUi'd, w« had
>:" .luthcniiik lliiiory ot tlie /./..•.jm in /:■,■.» .'ind cunieiiuently iititlier M,u.-i /Wo, nor hiiEJitois. could have any Opportunity of corre.-^i.g
tscir A'ciunts 10 as t) ii.ii.e them coiiclpKiiU wiiii the geiiciloiiicaj lliUory bttoremculiuii'd. llus R«matk is an invincible I'rwaf of our Author'*
\"acit), .md (,( the Value ol lu> W oik.

M B. 41.

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Sif?r of thr Cfofs h*vinn with him iiifinile Numbcu of prinR whatlbcvcr thrl'c conimaml them. The

tlifi'.hatH, wlio <*<Ti- aJI Hum.

arc put to Co«kf ry, and other Otli:

'i Wj foniili:

'■I' fr'cl

1 he 7rt<>j and litra(cns that were in the Army of Ck- Khan bf(low» them on tirntlctnrn, with auu i

. I • I .1. r-i...il I. .1.;. 11.1 .a.. ..t' TU- M-.. ..»■ .L-. r' _n- ,. B"^*' i

buiii thi' Chiillians with this Dilaltrr ot The Men of that Cotiniry eftccin it a G

.•f, lK-g.111 to ll^ilUJld t

the Crols, who coniplamM of it to Cuh:,ii ; hr flurply re

f^i^e ind ttti'it [0
have Uaughtcri worthy hu ilkm^v. and think thtmftlrt,

jxoved the 7/tf/ anil 5*rin^/»fj tor thi< H h.«viour, and tJKn born under an ill I'lancl, it thry arc not kept whtn lai
turnmgto the Lhnllwnj, he laid, *• Siiuly. your GotI ami to Court. '^

** his Crol'j, would not give any Aul to Naum, but be
•• not yoti iherelorc allumed, becaufe Cioil licing |',o<>il
•> and |ull, ought nut to defend Injuilicr, or Iniquity.
•' Natam was a I'raitor to his Lord, and contrary to
•' .ill Equity, raifcd Kebellion, ami fought the I Iclp of
*' your Goil in his niifchicvous I'urjxjfc \ but hr, as .)
*' good aul upright ( ii\!, would not favour his IX-figns."

He returned after thii with great 'Iriuiiiph to Cambak,
and llajd there till E«ftn. On that Day he called the
Chrillians Utore him, and killed thrir Ciol"|)el$, and made
his B.ironsdo the fame. He docs the like on the gnat
Icalls »t the Saractni, Jmt and Htitthm, that A'c/»-
mamberKban, the Gtxt of the Idols, Mohammed, Mtfa,
or wholocviT IS greatcll in 1 leaven, mii;ht help him i yet
he nu<lc bell (hew oi liking to the Chnllian haith, but
ptitcnded, the Ignorance of the Ntftortan iVicIlk, ami the
mighty Arts of the Sorcerers, hindered his profeninj; it.

For the bitter rcwufding his Soldim, he kc}>t tw< jvc Ba-
rons or Counlcllors, who gave him Notice of each Captain's
Merit i and accordingly he raifal them tr'ni the Command
of one hundred to a thouJand, and trom unc thouland to
ten thoufiind, and fo on, giving them VclFcIs of I'lat'' and
1 ablets. The Captain of one hundred hath a Tablet ot
Silver; and the Captain of a thouland, ot Gold or Silver
gilded 4 the Captain ot ten thouland has a Tablet of Gold,
ami a Lyon's Head on it. The Weight of the 'Tablets
differ alio according to the Dignity. On the faid i'ablet
is written a Command in this Manner : *• By the Strength
•* and Foww of the Great God, and by the Graic which
" he hath given to our Empire, the Name of Khan be
" bicflird, and let them all die, and Ix; drllroyed, which
•• will not oixy him." .All OtF.cers who have tlu li Tablets
have Privileges in writing of all tilings, which 4hcy are to
do and demand \ and the Generals, when they ride in pub-
lick, have a Cloth born, over their I {eads, and when they
fit. It is on a Chair of .Silver. Their Tablet is of three
hundred Sagi, which is equal to fifty Ounces of Ciokl, with
the Images of the Sun and Moon, fuch as have a 'I'abli t.
With a (ier-Ialcon thereon, may take with them for their
Guard the whole Army of a great Conunander. Cublni is
a comely, handfome Man, of middle Stature, of a very
frerti Complexion, black and bright Eyes, wcll-fafhionul
Nofc, .ind all tin- 1 jiieaments ot his B<xiy confillinn ot
doc Proportion. He has lour Wives, who are illctnitd
lawful, and the firll-liorn ot them is to fuccctxl him in the
Kingdom, and every (jnc of them is called I'luprels and
hol<.t< th a [yi.uiiar Court, ami that m a magniticcnt I'alac( ,
having ubout iJirce hundred Women to attend her, ami
many Eunuchs Servants, and at Icatl ten thouland Fcrfunb
in their Families.

1 he Grand Khan hath alio many Concubines. There is
likcwilc a Nation ot fair People among the 'lartan called
i'trgul, where every fecond Yiar lu Imds f nibairadons to
make Search tor the tai ell young Women lur him •, who
returning, bring him lour or live hundred more or lefs, as
thqr fee Caule. There are Examiners appointed to take a
View of all their Beauties examining Eyes, Noli-, Mouth,
t?c. apart, ami let a Pncc on them at fixtcen, frvcntecn,
eighteen, nineteen, twenty, or more Carats, and tlicy
bring thofc ol tlut rate, which their CommiOiiin apj>oints j
ihele he caufes to be received by other hjtaminers, and of
fo many perhaps chufcs thirty tor his Clumber ot the chief,
which he puts to fomc ot his B.irons Wives to (ce if they
fnorc not in their Sleep, il in Smell or Behaviour they lie
not otfcnfivc i thole which are ajiproved arc by Tives di-
vided, each fifth Part waning three Days and Nights in his
Chamber by courti:, the other in the next Lodgings pre-

. * 'J^ >"»' '«"' ^"V Diffcrutioni whtttn upon thii Dtfcr,|Kion of , ur Author, and grrti Dilpulti about iheCity '""!,^''^-"'*^ ' °"**'"!nc*'
It or* HUcc. HBif another, bccaufc it ii a Urur App«IUi.on , and modem Writers Ipuk o< thii l^ity by another Nime. we "»*' "I* _ „,v.,W
K.*:n to %^allr in ihii CoMroveri)- . and ihetefort wt Hull i^Jt it Oiort Af«.a fwi wrote by the Har chieHv. ami '!>"« "^ '"„, ,[,,;, .tllJ
A'«,<W,>, , ,. rte Imperul Ciiy . and ituallow'd, that Klam tmjui. i> (h« City of ftii>i. the r»«<"" MftroH" °' ^''•"' ° ,„„: In;:?
».e cificr h4vc Uu;.iwii w fpcak at Ui^c m»i.uil.er «*te t and Oiall ihercin take an OppurtJimy ul jull.lv ing the .Actouiili g>" "

•*•-».& /*;/#. Trf

CnkUi had two-and-twenty Sons by his four Icnitimat.
Wives, and the Tirlf-born of his hrll VVite w« calltH
Zmpi, who would have fucccedcil him in the Emprt it
he had not died before his Father. He left a Son miitj
Timur, a valiant Man, wife, and experienced n Amvt
who is to fucceed his (iramitather in the Emnire, im't*l
of his deceafi\l Father -, but by hi» Cont ubines he hath liv^
and- twenty Sons, all which arc daily exercilcd in Futnf
Arms, and are gre.:t Lords i fcvcn ot his Sons by his \V;va
are K'.igs of j^rrat Provinces, and nuintain tliar Suit)
with great Reputation.

1 6. 'Three Mont! tt of the Year, tlut is, Tl<;(mhtr,'])-
imary, and Fttruary, CHbl.ii reliilts orduiarily 'mCmkit\
which is at the North- F.all Border uiCaliay -, and tim, i,'
the Soutli Pan by the new City, is llati'd a grut TaU^ ,
firll there is a great Wall, coth Stjiurc being tiplit Mi^|
with aileep Ditch environing, .md a(Jatc in the nmlJltol
r.vh i alter which is the Space ol a Mile m Circuit, *kK
.SoKlirr? Ifaml V after this is iuiotlur Crurt oMixMil.;
Itiuare, with three Ciatcson the .Soutii Iquiirt, ar.dtirton
the North ; that which is in the niiJll, being in Ik.iIi the
greater, and kept fluit, cxcipt when the Khan ujlFith tk
Way i the other is always open to otlurs ; in cich Corn;; of
this Wall, ami in the midll is a lair Palace, eight ir all vtry
Lu'ge, in whichare kept the Klian's Ammunitions, and Fur-
niture of all Sorts , lor i lorfes in one, in aiiothtr Bowsiid
Shooting Artillery ; in athiul, Callkts, Cuirallo, and La-
ther Armour ; oikI fo in tlu rell.

Within thuCiriuit is aiKJther Wall like the form'.r, vcrj
thick and ten I'aees high, all the B.ittlements white, tin Will,
fquore, each Square .i Mile in Lf ngtli, with lix (utis as
the former, and tight PaUcts oH'o very large, wh.niB
are the Khan's Provilions ; U tweentliel'e two UnVillsK
iilll) many fair 'Tnts and Meailuws, in wliich arc Dcr
with other Game, and Store of Gr.iis, the I'jths teg
railed rwo Cubits to fp.irc it. No Dirt or Fuddles ut W'l-
tcr, being tiierein. \N ithinthis LU Wall is tlKl'jUt^lthc
Great Kluji, the grcatelt that hath ken Ian, ix;in : s!:j
the W.ill on the North ami South, ai.d ojxn wluntiklii-
rons and Soldiirs j)als. It hath no Ciclirg but a vii) hiji
Hool i the Fouiulation of the i'av,nuT.i t.n I'Jir.s h;^
with a Wall ot Marble round alxjut it two Paces wide, is;'.
were a Walk. At the En 1 of the VV.ill without, i< i-i'
'Turret with PiUais. In the Walls of the Mails and CI.,.t
btrs, arc carved Dnigons, .Soldiers, Birds, Ikalls:. i :;
kinds, llilloriis ot W.^rs gilded i tk' Root is 1j "-ilt,
that nothing is fecn but Gold .ind Im.igery, iniviry van'
ol the I'aUe is a great I lall, c.ipabk ct holding a M-u-
tudc of People •, the Clumbers are dirp<jrcd the bill U
nuy k- deviled : 'Ihe Koof b red, green, azure, anco!
all Colours. Ik hind the I'.dace are great Rooms and [rivt
Store-houli s h)r his TitaUirc and Jewels, lur his VNo.w,
and other private l'ui|'<iks. ,

Over-ogoiiUl the laid P.il.ice of the Kli:in, is ajioihtT or
Ziugis his Son, whole Court was in .dl lluniis hkt tota-
ther's. Near this Palace towards the North, b J »-'"'■•
maeic by Hand, a Mile in Comp.ih, one HundrftU*-.
high, adornM with Trees, that .ire alw.iys gmn. uni
ilui Moumom dicKingcomimmds all the 1 rees^io Ix bro^i..
from remote Parts, lading F.U-phar.ts with them, M^V
arc taken up with the Roots, and are tranlpluitcd intn.;
Mountain ■, ami bc-c.uilc this Mouiit.un i^ ^^^f 6"i["', "
is colled the Creai MountaiH : Ami wliere the l''"'' " ';
Mount was taken away, are two Lakes aidwenng«Uiuuu
with a Imall Kiver Uiuplying them wiihlloraU'in, -
fo grated, that the 1 ilh coiuiot get out.

Chap. 11.

of Marco Pol

•yt^

607

'I'htCity ol'Ciiinlmla in the Province of Cuib.iy, lljtid
oiianriMt Kivcr was l.«ncxis, and the Royal Scat in ancient
liiTusii iuul this Nann- CriWittf/tt fignifits tiic C'ivy dI the
I ord or I'tirK t. This City tin' Great Khan rcnvovid to tlu;
otlicr Side "'the Rivur wlK.-rc tiic Paiatx-s «rr, for he undir-
liood by the Alh-oloj^iTs, that it would rib,! againll the
!■ mvm- This mw-lniilt City is cahui -laidu, and ht- com-
iTiHPdtd all the Calbaytws to go out ol tiic Old City into the
[S'lw , which Contains in Conipafs four and twenty Miles,
fviry Sidr of the Square containing fix Miles. It liath
Wall* of t'arth ten Paces tlmk at the Bottom, an^l at tlic
T()[i but three, as growing by little and little thinner. 'I'he
Battleinrnfi arc wlute, every S<]iure of the Wall hath three
princiiialCiates which arc twelve in all, having In mptuous
I'alaces built over them. There are alii) certain I'avilions in
the Angles of the Wall* whuc the Arms ol tiie (iarriliin,
which are one Thoufaiid at each (jate, are kept. The Build-
ings an fiiuared, and the Streets laid very llrait by Line
throughout this City \ fo that from one Gate a free I'rofpcdl
(ipnis through the City to the oppofite Gate-, having veiy
llately 1 louKs Uiilt on both Sides like I'alaces, witti Gar-
dens and Courts, divided according to the 1 leails ol Faini
lies: In the nndft of the City is a ctrtain noble Buililing,
wherein hangeth a very great Bell ; after the tolling wlureot'
ill the Night, no Mannuift go out of hiblloulV until the
Beginning of the Day following, e.xcept it be fur foine ex-
truurdinaryCaufe, as for a Woni.m in i'rav.iil, and then they
an' compelleil to carry L.ights with them.

Without the City of Cumlalu, are twelve iarg'' Suburbs
three or four Miles long, adjoir.ing to each oi the twelve
Gates more inhabiting in tlu Sulairbs than in the City \
here Merchants and Strangers live, each Nation having
ftv.ral Store-houks, or Burfes, in which they lodge. No
dead Corps of any Man is burned within this Ciiy, but the
Bodies ol Idolaters are burneil without the Suburbs, wlitre
tlic dead Bodies of other Scdls are buried, and becaufe an
huge Multitude of Saracens inhabit there •, they have
above twenty-live thoufaml Harlots in the Suburbs and in
the City s and thefe have a chief Captain appointed over
cvcTy hundred and rhoufand, and one Cientral, whofe Of-
fice is, that when LnibafTadors come, or fuch as have Bu-
finefj with the Khan, whole Charges he defray.s then this
Captain givcth every Embaflador, and every Man of his
Family, a Change of Women every Night at Free-coft,
tor this is their Tribute. The Guards, every Night, carry
fuch to Prifon whom they find walking late ; and if they
he found guilty, they are beaten with Cudgels, for the
hacbfi tell them, that it is not good to rtied Man's Blood •,
but many die of thefe Beating's. The (ireat Khan hath in
his Court twelve thouland Horfe nun, which tl'.ey call Ca-
/'<!«, faithful Soldiers of their Lord, who guard his Perlbn,
more for State than Fear 1 and four Captains iiavc the
Charge of thefe, whcnof every one comniandeth three
thouland. When one Captain, with three thouland Sol-
diers within the Palace, hath guarded the Kinr, for three
Days and Nights, another Captain, with his Soldiers, fuc-
ceeds •, and lb, throughout the Ye.ir, this Courfe ol watch-
ing by 1 urns is obferved '.

When on account of any feflival D.iy, he keeps a
folemn Court, his Table, which is higher than the
reft of the Tables, is fet at the North Part of the
Hall, his Face is to the South, having the full Q^iecn on
his Left-hand, that is, his principal Wife j and liis Sons
and Nephews, and thole of the Royal Blood, on his Right j
yet their Table is in a lower Place, fo that they fcarce
touch the King's Feet with their I Ie.id' , the Scat of the
fideft being higher than the reft 1 the Princes fit in a
lower Place than that •, their Wives alfo oblerve the like
Order : Firft, the Khan's Sons Wives and his Kinfmen fit
luwer on the Left-hand, and after thofe, of the L/jrds,
and of every Captain aud Nobleman, each in their Degree

and Order j and the Fmpcror hlmfelf, wliiie lie lit."i at hij
Table, may cuff Ins Lyes upon all tlut feall wiih liim 111
tlutliall. There are not rabies fijr them all to fit i but
the greateft Part of the Soldieri and Barons eat on Carpet*.
At all the D(jor!> ftand two gigantick Fellows with CuJgeli,
to fee that none touch the Threlhold, whicli, if he does,
they take iiis (Jarincnt aw.iy, wliich he mull redeem by r-
ceiving fo many Blows as fliall be appointed, or elfe loib
them. They who Icrve the King, and thof- fitting at tho
Table, allot them cover their Mouths with Sr,-., lelt their
breathing, fl\ould by any means touch the King's Meat or
Drink ; And when he hath a mind to ilrink, the Damfl
who giveth it goes back tliri.e Paces and kneels down,
and then tin Barons and ail the People kneel, and the
Muficians linind their Inftruments. There i u, i aufe,
fince I would avoid Prolixity, why 1 ftiould write any
thing concerning the Meats wliiili arc brought to tl;c Ta-
ble, !iow dainty ami delicate they nre, jnU v/ith what
Magnificence and P(imi) they are I'rved in.

All the l'arlar> oblrrve tliis Culloni to ctl.!)rate the
Birth-ilay of their Lorl moll honourably. The Birdj-
tlay of Ciihliti is kept the twenty-eighth m September, and
this Day he accou;itrth more folcinn than any in the whole
Year, except tiie full of February, on which they begin
the Year, i'he King therefore, on his Birth-day, is clothed
in' a moll precious Garment of Gold, anil about two
thoufand Barons and Soldiers are clothed in tlie fame Co-
lour of Gold, though of Silk Stuff, and a Girdle wrought
in Gold and Silver, which is given them, with a Pair of
Shoes. Some wear Pearls and Garments of great Price,
who arc next to the Khan •, and thefe Garments arc not
worn but on thirteen folemn Feafts, accordinp ro the thir-
teen Moons of the Year, all are then clothed like Kings. This
Cuftom is alio obferved by the Tartars, that on tho Birth-
day of Great Khan, all the Kings, Princes, and Nobies,
who arc fubjedl to his Dominions, Iliould fend Prelents
unto him, as to their Lmperor ; and they who defiic to
tain any Place of Dignity or Otficc of him, offer their
Petitions unto twelve Barons appointed for that Purpfe ;
and what they decree is ali one as if the Emperor himfelf
had anfwercd them. A'.\ People .".Ifo of whiit Faith or
Sedt foever, whether Ch: ijlians 0; 'Jews, i>ariice:;s, or i'ar-
tars, and Pagans, are liound lolcmnly to c.ill upon their
Gods, for the Life, Safety, and Profprnry of ti-e Great
Khan '.

On the Firll of February, which is the Beginning of the
Tartar Year, the Gr.at ivhan, and all the Tartar.^, whcre-
foever they are, celebrate a very Iblemn Feall, and all, as
well Men as Women, defire to be clothed m wliite Gar-
ments as a Token of :^-)od Luck ; therefore, that Fortune
may favour them all tlie Year, they wear white at the Be-
ginning thereof. I'he Rulers of Cities, and Governors of
Provinces, mindful of their Duty, fend unto their Em-
peror this Day Prcfents of Gold and Silver, Pearls and
precious Stones, many white Cloths , and other white
Things, and many \ lorfes of a white Colour. The reft of
the Tartars, at the Beginning of the Year, fend white
Prefents one to another. It is the Cuftom of thofc
who bring Prefents, if they can, of each, to prefent
nine Times nine, xs if they fend Horlcs to prefent nine
Nines, that is eighty one ; and fb of Gold, of Cloths,
and other Things •, that fometimes he hath, by this Reck-
oning, one hundred thoufand Horfes. Alio, at this h.ippy
Sealbn, all the Elephants which the Emperor hath, (five
thoufand in Number) are brought unto the Court, covered
with Tapiftry,in the Similitudes of divers Beaftsand Fowls
being portrayed therein, carrying upon their Shoulders two
Chells full of gold and filver Veffcls ; many Cames are
alio brought, covered with fine filkcn Cloths, which bring
other Things necefTary for the Court,

• Tin, Method of coding Guanls and relieving them, u3> extremely ancient in the Eaft, an appears from the Accounts given us by AeGreri
^^ MiiT', of th? Oicononiy in iliii n-lptOl of the l\rf,aH Vn)}'cror> ; .ind it is Hill praetifed by almoll all the 7a) tar I'rinces, and particul.irly by ihe
f'rMt Mogul, ai we Ihall li.ne Occalion to (hew in the fecond V..lunic. , , , „ i- •

"■ 'I'liis Account agreci cxa^ly with what is related from Authors of good Credit in Dr. Wirff's moft learned Treatife of the Religion ot the ancient
fKfi^tn,, with relpc« to the Ccremoiiici obl'cr\'fd on the Birth day of the Emperor, and at the Beginning of the new Year. Indeed the Conlormity
'' lo great, that one might be trinptcil to believe there ii a nearer Relation between the 'Tartun and the ancient /'r'/<3nsthan is commonly iinngii.ed ;
•i"ii I mull conlcfs, that I cann-t. for my own p.irt, help thinking that the Religion of the Tariari is very nealy the fame with that cf th« o.d Pti-
/««/, t)at is to fay, 1 apprehend the Lamas ol the one correlpond with the Magi among the otheri.

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Oil jlii% P-iy, b ihr Mvitnlrp. atl ih^ KinpN Ca|>«jinn
RifDiv, S»;Uiu'H, riiyluiiiis Alh<)li>n'-rv ami (iovcrnoii
tj| IViviiKi*, aiul Arni""», ami «'fliT Orticrn ot rlir
I ii^iin, alTiiuMi- in i.'k grrat Hall U lore thf King, ami
tlity who lupjirn to luvc no Plucc there, fi)r the Miilti-
iliklc Ham! in anoihtr I'lacr, whrrr tluy may fee rliein, all
iKing filactil in their OrcUr anil IVp.rcc. Om- rifelh,
who ;< amopgft their Clergy as a FicUte, and crietK
wihal'Uil Voicr, hcv) Atvin *ud ^.hrt, .iml prcfiiifly ill
«li) Ktvirci'ir, l>riHling down their i-'orehead^ to the
I artli \ thin he laiih, C,oi frfjVne tiir I-ord »ilh Unj(
I.iJ<- andjey \ anil all anlwer.GWji: r.iw/ \ then he faith, ('.>,/
in(rt,iji Aihl UiViime tit tmp:ii', ,\Hd preuTVt bis SiiljKfi
tn Ptiiit, lliHfcrd, and Prejptrity i ami all «n(Wer, (JcJ

It.im , an." tlib they iln lour Timrj, then the Ailoraiion
iiing tiiiifluii the lamr I'niate giK\ to nn Altar, rirhly
avlomiil, on vshuh » a rcil Table, wlu rron i> wnitrn the
Name of the Kii.ui ; aii.l fikinp a CcnI.T, and putting
S|)iu« thrum, thfy prttunic the lahle and the Altar
wijIi great Hcvrrcmi, in i lonoiir of tlu- (ireat Kliaii, and
la return to ihnr l'Iaif» i alter whith are otVcrrd the Oilti
of whuih wc have fjxikriu m\(\ thrn the TabkJ arc pte-
j-arrd, and a moll Iblemn Dinner hckl, eating and drink-
j!iy With great Joy with their \Vive«, in manner l>efore
dtkrihal. Ami lalUy, a tame I. ion it brouplii to the
King, whirl], lying at Im Feet Iiiwc a getiilc Whelp, ac-
l.i.owlrdgrtli and (..uelTcs his Loid.

In thr.l't tJii\T Months inwhirh wc f.ud before, the I'm-
j)fror nlidr* in thttitycf Qw/w/u, viz in Dneml/er, J,i-
■niin\ aril hihuu>}^ all the Hunters which the bmperor
tilth in all hii Frovinecs rouml about th( Province of Gi-
ibiTi, apply tlunifelvts to hunting, atul Uingall thelarprr
*ild ll<atU, fuch asSt.igs, Rears, K<xlHirk:, Wild HiKir*
and l)i( r, lo ihiir iiovemors ; who it thry be dillant from
t'le 1 nipMdi'j Court lefj thaii tlurty Days Journey, ftnd
liK !i BealLs as an laki ii, by Waggons or Ships, To tlir \- ni-

tvror ; having full Inwellti tbtin: But futh as arc fcriy
'^ays lii'^ant Troni his Cotirt, lend only the Skins \vlmh
«rr iicicil'ary fiir making of Armour. He hatli manylxii-
pnrJs and Wolves for Hiinring, anti many l.Knis allii
(^n ati r tlu'i tli4)li- which arc in Hahim, inthcHair where-
«i| t-Ttan litrlcBfunis .ipj)ear of divers Colours, v/z. white,
blaik aiid r(', mtl ihry are br«d to catch Bear?, Bo.in,
J>t.ig', Ktx-buck«, Willi A^Tr^, and wild Oxrn, and it is
marvdious to lit ilir 1. ion's I'icihihIx ami Dexterity in
tt.it Sort of Hviiitmg •, rwo I-ions arc coinnumly (amrd in
tr.t W;4:i;()n when tluy go to hunt, and with thrtn a Dog,
with whuh thry .irc t.iintd •, ami thry uirry thim in this
I sHiion b.i.iiilc ot thiir fury .ind linruhmfs 1 and rhiy
fiiull cnrry them contrary to the Win', lor illo the Healls
wvivild fc'iii til' 111 and Hce. He luth alio iiiaiiy i.ime l*'.a-

fk•^ whiih itn fo taught, rlut thry t ikel laves, Kik Inick-.,
leer and l»>xt« ; .imong sshicli, lijmi of •hem tear not to
feize upon Wolvts, ami vix them fo ^rirvoully, ilut
wi'liour I ..ibour ar I D.iPg'r they iiwy Iv taken by thun.

1 III- Gn..t Kan hath in his Court two which are Bntiin-n,
C)ne calicil Hrttttt, the iitl.;r Mir./un ; calieel in the 'Ijrior
I .;u;',o.ig" ('.iuy('.\ that o, NLillcrs ot the(iamc % each of
thni I ill the I ommaml of ten thoufand Men : ! hey
■whiili oir uixlrr one of fhim, are ck.itlud in Red; the
ctheis iiiSkyCuluiiri when they hunr, thefe keep diverfe
S»iiiolDi(gs to I'm- Numlxrot live thouLuui Malilfs atMl
« Uurv Id \ b;ut;i,g tlicy go with the:r I'toplc one on the
Ki]'l.t ham!, and the «tthfr on the l^ft ; and the King
ai.o til. y tAe up lu ^re:it a Imgihot tiic Plain, that tinm
cne 1-nd to the other is a Day's Journey, (o that no BriU
f.!it eK.ijK- them ; and it is great I'le.ilure when the Khan
gV';int)vmidll to I'er the Dogs loJIow Marts Brars, arul
all other Willi IkajU. 'Ihttc Brethim are lx)und by tove-
ii.u.t ironuhe Ikgmnir.g ot Oitchn to tin Intl ol Morih,
to bring to the Court ore i houlaiul 1 Itiil of Bi-alls and
Ei ds, Ix fklu. l^iaili aiKllifliis, the b-ii iliey tan, ui fmh
i rojxjrtion.

17. The Month of Mard romlnu In tU r . ,.
departeth Irom the City o. C--.W., ll ^ I ^ f
eallw.ril toward, the (Vean, diftanttheiicttwX. '

'■^' ''""^"!? ""l"] ^T. *^*?^ '.'■". ''"'"'^'"^^l 'l'4lc',ncri, ,u

'wor)ayiJi

have K«l(oni, Mawki, CJer laki

W'S and other k

thcmhive* hy an hundrnl or two hundred m iLomT '
aii.l the Birds that air taken for the moll p,rt arc b ^'^'
iintoihe King, wholly reafon of hi»r,ou-,(iufthinijy

Fowls of Prey, fit for Hawking, ihcfc Fjicomdi:'

• 'wo hundrcil m a ( '^ "'
for the Bioll p.,rt ar

II ,• 11. I'l L "'^''"^"'"".'iWftliin

I loule, which twt> I'.lrnhanti cany tovettd with ibr Sk
1,1 I. ions, and within hun^ with Cloth of r,(,|d u,
with hiin for hit Kccrration tweltc ehoiic llalki 1
twelve CtHiriers. many Noblemen and SoMicr, nib
who guard the King s I'crfon, who when thry („ Ph,
lants. or Ciai.cs, or other Birds flying in the Air i«,t

to the lakoncrs, who arc near the Kin

pi(^ the lame unto the King, uncover tlic M„g-, „,„,j^

*"igi atui ihfsU

1 . ... -• "''" ''"iR'ilLf

aiul let their Falcons .md I lawks fly, ,,nel the King foJ

on his Bed b holds the I'aftmie ol the BirJs. (hhfriM

rhouland Men go alfo with tlie Kiiij-, who in that M«k.

ii^g run hither and thither by two and two, and mark »fi

ther the Falcons and Hawks fly that are call from tk i ji

that if need be they may hflii them, and thefc in the Tof/ir!

I.angiuge are called Toftaol, th.n is to fiy, Watchn-.t; , «

Markfinen, being fkilful in a lertain kiml i,f WluiHf,

wherewith they tail in the I lawks that are fiuwn ; nor ',

it needlul that the Falconer, who let the I lawk^ t'y, Ihouli

follow them, feeing thefe of whom I now (^Kil arc btl'iy

• mployrd in taking up the Hawks and are urdul, tL

by no means they are hurr or loll » and every flying lia»k

carrieth a little Table of Silver on her hxji, ngi.ci! « ili

the Mark of her Maflrr, or Falconer, that if fli«btUi,

(he may l>e reftored to her Owner ^

But if the Mark cannot be kr.own, the Hawk is it;..
vcred to a certain Baron, who for tin'. Caulc is called i(»-
Lmgaxi, to whom are brought all loll things (otlierwiffi>.{
finder would Ix piiniflied as a Thirf , .ind to himLcb
refoit to cnouire of things loft. I ir hath a mod cmint!:
f'l.ve noted by his F'nfign, that in lij greataii Affcmblya
People he may always Ik known. While they arc thmbulid
in Sporting and Hawking, they come into a tcKain grfii
Plain railed Canarmedm, where the Tents ot the Kirf
and all the Courtiers arc prepared, about ten thoulam!..i
Number.

The firft is the Khan's Pavilion, under which tfnthct-
fand Soldi'-rs ftand, bcfidcs Baron< and Noblpiiirn, vi,:ii
the I>jor to the South, full.iiiicJ [ly thre.- Pilian, wr^,;!',!
with curious and excellent larved Work, and covertJ \ii;.'i
the Skins of Lions, and other wild Bialls, which kccpwit
Kain i but within the Wails of tlie I'avilhmi an: covH
with mod coflly Skins of F.rmines and Sables, aithoi^li
in thofe Countries thefe Skins are accounted moll [irtcuu,
1(1 that fometimes Skins worth two thoufand Suitaninaof
(jold are fearce fufficient for one Pair of \'elU. 'I'hcra-
tnrs call the .Sable the ^ten of hurs ; the Cor Js whcrc*;tli
thefe Pavilions arc fupportcd art ot Silk. There art liir
other Pavilions eret'tcd, wherein the Wives, Sons md Co
cubinrs of the King renuin. Further alto the FakofJ,
Hawks, Gcr-Falrons, and other Birds, which I'civc lof
1 lawkin^, have their Tents -, lor there is lo gr.'ai a Mul-
titude «,t Tents, that to them that tonic t.'iithcr, itieo
at a Diftance, as if a famous C ity was built there.

The King remains all March in th.u Plain, anda!;"
innumeralilr Beads, and infinite Multitudes of i'uwl i fur::o
Man nuyat this time hunt in all the Provinces of that Km?-
ilom, .It the lead within five Days Journey one Way, ra
aiK.ther, and fifteen a third Way, of the Khan's Court,
nor kcei) an I lunting Dog, or an Hawk, troin the Begin-
ning of Mareh until the Montii of Oitclxr. No Man ii
l^erinitted to ule any Device or Fnginc whatlijcvcrtarikr
Stags, Deer, Roebucks or Hares Icll he IhouKl hiwr
their Breed 1 and hence it is, that there h fiicli I'l'^iy'^'
(iame. It is incredible what Multitudes ot People, M::-

s It m«» noi lie .imilt 10 remind ilw RertWr, thai ihii H.flice of our Author cor.imn wh.nt we h»ve kfore met wisli in ilie Accnioliof !>•« •<J''-
Tr»»cl?, ail.: in ihc Kfijin.ii <>< iht Mofi> KoU,^,,, U 11 allij very ilear from ilw nlmle of llni Accouni, ilul ihc Noii.nu v,tneii\\f ^'5-'' ,'
baibtoi), Stuiklii) , »;iJ VS into! Gemu.imoiiiilK /.„ /.,,,. Mt not e»tre»iiily well (ounded, bin at» riilicr (o lif rjiitea "''"i; "^i"' "•' '

whKh lie U.C I fftcli of (pcai.ii g cr Ihiokut wuhout jull Muiuci, or. in pljio t. ■.^/j/t, »r« tiM klfgi*. ul IgriOMi-.s*

rJilT-S

Clup. II.

o/" Marco Polo;

..!n-»

66()

ch.ints anil M'T<.lunt!ilc» of ail iortt «rc feen in CamUlu.
I'he Money <)( the (ircat Klun is not maiie g( (ioid, or
Silvrr, or other Metal \ hw tliey take the rnuldic Bark
(mm the Muiberry-triT, «nil this they make firm, and tut
iiitd ilivrr< round iVitj, |;r( it ami little, and ini|irint the
kmgV Mark thereon \ of this Paper Money thrrtfore the
l'.in|K.ror laulltli W \w\i,f M.il« to Ik- ni.iJc in the City of
L(imi,i>ii, which futricciti tor the wliole iimpire, and no
Man iiiuler \'m\ of Death may com any other, or ([kuA
any tiih' r Money, or rctufi; it in all hii KingJumi and
tiiiir.i.is nor any coming from anotiicr Kiinjdoin dare
f|ifii 1 .111/ ofher Money iii the fc'nipiic of the Ciieat Khan.
Hrme it IdHonvs, ilut MirchantJ often coming from re-

that are adioininR to Riverj or l.ak'-s arc appointeJ to have
Irrry-lxjat* in Hcadiiicli for the I'olh, and Citiei on tlw
flordcrs of Ueliirts are diredkd to iiave Horfes and Pro-
vilions, for the life of fuch an p^[\ tluonjjh thole Dc(!irti j
Init liavc I reafonabic Allowance for tf.it Service of the
Kh.iti. In Calis of gre.it ConleiiiK ' .e, the I'oll ridcj witli
a (kr- 1 all on Table, and in equip[\ J lo, that he will ride
two hundred Milei in a n.iy, or two huiuired and lifiy
lometiiiKb i alio they ride all Night, Toot-PolVi running
by them with I ightt, 11 the Moon doci not Ihinc.

Tlicy Ibiiiid a lloni, th.it the ftclli lloikt may be
brouglit forth for them to mount prefently, nr,.! laving
their B'!hr.i .-inU Hc.ids girded, ih.y uin ,i, (.ill .is the I loilo
C.in go •, :jnil tliofe whi>.h art able to endure this cxt (five

me
ninti l-'ouiitriri unto the City «)t G/>w/'j/«, bring with tlicm

(,.ilil, bilvir. Pearl, and Precious Stone -i, and receive the riding, are on th.nt Account in great Ueput.itioii among
Kiii|','h Mon(.y (or them, ami beiaule tins Money is not them, who admire iiotiiing Co muih .is HorilmanDiip.

rmived in their Country, ilicy change it ag.iin, in the Ijii-
f'lic tt the fjrc.it Kli:iii, tor M ri-handize, which tlicy i.irry
.i».iy with tliclii. I le alio p.iyetli Stipends to his Orficers,
an.l Aiiiiy, in the aUivc mentioned Money. And laftly,
wh.ittvcr thing he needs in his Court, he buycth with this
Money. Wheretbre there i, not a King to be tound in the
Worlil, who cxcetdeth him in Treaiure, not expended on
thi- Mint, as cKiwhere.

I lie (Jicat kh.in hath twelve Baron% m is faid, Ixfore
rhith are the Countil of War, who difpofe of martial Af. the 1 ^-tters 'p;iHiii{J fh lugh llveral 1 lands, .ire conveyed.

Time are .illo lietWun thele Inns other Mabitatioii',, three
or tour Miles dillant one from another, in whieh there are
a few lioiili:-, when.' I'oot-Pofl'. hvc, havin;ieaeh of them
Ills CJinlle hung full ot (1.;ill founding Bells. Tlicfc keep
thcmfelves always leaily, aiwl ai often .is the Khan's Let-
ters ate lint to them, convey them fpeedily to the Polls
at the next N'lllige, who, hearing the Sound of tile I'oot-
PoU coming, when at a Dillancc, expect him, and receive
his Letters, (irelenily tarry them to the next Watch •, and fo

fjir, and the exalting or dilgr.uing ot Captains and Sol-
liiirs. riifir Ofllcc is calleil iluii, that is, the I ligh Court,
hraiil'e tiiey Iiavc none ab<jve them but the Khan. Other
tvidve Batons are apjxjintcil Couiifellors for the lour-anil-
lliirty I'rovmtes, winch have a fair Palace in Camktlu, in
whieh is tor every Province a Judi^e, and many Notaries.
Thele have Power to chule (jovernors of the (aid Pro-
viiifis, and prelent their Names to the Khan, who con-
Iiiiiis tlitiii. Thele allu have the Charge of the Trcafure to
ollfcl and ilifpenli: the (iime -, their Ollice is called Singb,
ili,;t h, the I'etond Court, fubjtd to none but the Khan,
\it reputed let's noble than the former, that being a military
tllablillimeiit.

1 here are many publick Roads from the City of Cam-
hlu, which londuifl to the neighbouring Provinces, and
iiicveiy one of them, at the Lnd of five and twenty, or
iVrty Mileji, arc lx>dgings or Inns built called Lambs, that
is PolMioutcs, with large and fair Courts, Chambers fur-
niflicil witli Huls, and other Provifions, every way tit to
entertain great Men, nay, even to lodge a King. The
I'fovii'ions are laid in from the Country ailjaccnt i there are
about four hundred Horfes, which are in Rcadinels for
Mclfeiig-rs and iMubalTadors, who there leave tiieir tired
Horlts, and take Iretli ; and in mountainous Places, where
are no Villages, he fends People to inhabit, alxMit ten
thoullmil at a Place, v/herc tlieii' Lambs or Polt-Moutes
.ire built, and they cultivating the Ground for their P'ovi-
lioiis. Tliefe excellent Regulations continue unto to •..
iiKilf Limits of the Empire, lb that in the publick ".

from the King's Rentg
pointed to examine flu:
their Faults, ifthiy ^ . f i
He feni'"- yerrly tu t'

without Delay, to the t'lacc whither they ought to come ;
\iid it often li.ippen:, liat tlie King by this leariij News,
-r receives new Fniits torn a Place, ten Days Journey Di-
ilance in two i .tys. A i for inllance. Fruits growing ac
Cambali-, in the '.(otning, by tlie next Day at Night are ac
Xandu i but all ;he betoiementioned Polls are free from all
1 ibute,and eiveagrc"^' '^econi; ;icc from their labours

lerers bcfJes. Some alio arc ap-
'otls Monthly, and to punilh

' ly convifted.

e diver* 'lovinccs of his lim-

[lire, toen un /hethcrany Prijui'... redone to the Corn,
))' Temp i\s, 1 "ufls. Worms, or any other Means ; antl
when I e iMth N'oticc given him, tiiat any 'rovince or
City hatli fuftaincd any Daniat^e, he remits h'- r, .e to
that People for that Year, ar.d fends Cii.iin for V'.ctua! anil
tor Seed out t his own Granaiiis •, tor in ;i time ot great
Plenty the King buys abundance oi Corn, and keeps ic
with great t are liy his OiHcers, three or four Years in Gra-
naries, th... v.!^en there happens to be a Scarcity of Corn in
one Country, that Detedt may be fupplied out of thi"
King's Storehoules in another. He It-Ileth his Grain for a
fourth Part of the common Price, and always provides, tliac
fiis Store-houfts arc kept fully fupplied. Likewife when any
Murrain lights among Cattle, he fends tliem other Cattle,
which li..- has for Tenths in other Provinces ; and if a
Tliunderliolt h.is tliieken any Bead of any Herd or Flock,
he receives no Tribure t'rom it tor three \ ears, L t the 1 leril
be ever lb great ; neither will he receive any Cullom of a

timiujhout the whole F.mpire, about ten thoufand of the Thunder-llricken Sheep, as thinking God is angry with
Kin^','s Inns iUe tound -, and the Number of the llorfesap- them that are (b flricken

roiiited for the Service of the MclVengers in tlv>f- Inns, arc
niure tlian two hundred thoulaiul, a thing a'' oil increili-
hle, hcnee it is that in a little while, with '.'1 u^_: of Men and
Herfe, Intilligence comes without Stop to the Court ; and
ii ■my woiiikr how lb many Men and Heath liiould be pio-

Likewife that inivellers may difccrn all Places able to
bear frets, he hath catifed Trees to be plaiiteil, at a conve-
nient Dillancc one from another, near the principal Roads,
and in the fandy and dcfirt Places he hath caufed Stones antl
Pillars to be ereded for that Purpole, and Officers are ap-

valtd for, he muft confide;, that the Moors anil Gentiles pointed to look to thele things. He plants Trees the ra

^JVe many Women, and by them abundance of Children,
I'lmc having thirty Sons, which follow them, armed ; and
l"r ^'ictuals, they low three kinds of StCus, Rice, Panike,
jr.il Millet, which yield an hundrnl I'oki. 'Lhey make no
Brrad, but boil thefe with Milk, or Flefh. Wheat will
r.ot fo increafe with them, nor fulfer they any Ground,
which will bear, to lie untilled ■, and the Cattle continually
uicreafe, lb that each of them carries with him fix, eight,
er more Horfes into the Field, for his own Perfon. The
Hurlls are ii.iploycd by 'I'urns, lb that of the four hundred,
1*0 hundred are in the St.ibles ready, the other two hun-
I'rcii at Grafs, each a Month at a Time. Their Cities alfo

ther becaufe his Ailrologers tell him, that planting Trees
lengthens the Lite of Man. They make excellent Drink
in the Province of Cathay, of Rice, and divers Spices,
which in the Talle thereof excels the Flavour even of
Wine ; and they who drink more greedily thereof than is
fit, or the Nature of the Drinker can bear, become Iboncr
intoxicated than if they had drank Wine.

Through the whole Province of Cat bay, certain '':]%,
Stones are dug out of the Mountains, which put inf , At
Fire, burn like Wood, and being kindled, prelervc l -e
a long Time, and if they be kindled m the Evening, rluy
keep Fire all the Night ' -, auei many ule thole Stonc-s

• The Reader will cifily difccrn, ili.it what our Author fpeaks of here with fo much Wonder, is, in truth, noihing more tlwii a t'o.il Mu'C, v, hiclt
raight appear very llr.ini;e- to liim, who very probably h.id never feen or heard of any (uch thing ; but (oine of the Nlillion irics (com to be iiicx. ui J)le,
'>lio iuit drefled up tin. Miller with fuch pompous Exprellioih, a) might induce unwary Reader; to bilicvc, ili:it.tlii- C/^./i' du^; I'lic out ot the
fcarth, ai,d tlut they laid it up in U-IUri or Vaults i whereas alter all, there is noihing llranger in theii digging and Isicpmg Coal, there t)ian what
"t l« pru'ti cd every D.iv in oui min Country, and very probably, if we were to examine oihcr Woiiderj tliat are told us, as clolcly and leverek .is
'i*y delCTve, we niij.hi be ;iblc I') diJiover tlial they were rather naidered marvellous by tiie Ji;iiorai.cc of kelators, than by ii y tliin£ iuferiutural m
e.imlcKci.
NuM B. Xl.lL 70. becauli

II i'l

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'•'■y|

tl. ■

liv

^■'H

6io

7/je r O YA GES an J TR J FE L S

i^i

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\,h

Book I.

IrraiiCi- that though «hfy have plenty of Wood, yet is there have ill ckforvc tl, to be ,i poorer Man, aftrr a Doo,

y tK iindutiful, or in

hea:'; i«( any honoiiraHo Family ilcctyed by MMormne, gardlcfs of their Nrccfl;ty, there is a publick Triblma) ,f.
or ot any which cannot work, and liave no Subfiftancc, he ligned for this Particular to piinilh iingr.ittfui onlifobftii!
pivrs to furh Fain.lics the whole Year's Expencrs, each ent Children : Prifoncrs are reicafcd at three Van firi'
J lead of fuch Families going to t!»c Officer for that r*ur- and marked in the Cheek, that they may be known fur
pofe, and (hewing their Bill of Allowance, receive Provi- Malefactors.

fions accordingly. There is a I'lare fct apart for thofc The Barons and People which go to the Grind Jt^,„
Officers i they arc provided alio of (lirmentJ for Winter oSfcrve thefc Rights, lirft, within half a Mile ut the
and for Summer. The Kkvt having the Tenths of all Place where the Khon is, all is Hill and quiet, withoiii
Wtx.I, Silk and Hemp, which he caufis to be made into Noifo or any loud Speech ; that every Baron cunics contj.
Cloaths, in a Houfe lor that Purpcfe appointed ; lor all nu.illy a little VelTrl to fpit in, after which he coven it
Trades arc Unind one Day in the Week to work for him. none daring to fpit in the Hall : They have furrRuflcinl
He provides alfo Apparel fen- his Armies, and in every of white Leather, which they put on when theymcrth;
City caiifes Cloth to be mule of his Tythe Wool. You Hall, putting otV the foroKr, and giving them to the Set-
muft undtrlland, that the 'Ijrun, according to their an- vaiits M\ they fliould toul the Carpets,
urnt Ciil'oms bi flowed no Alms but r.ither upbraided 18. Ten Miles off Cambalu ii 3 certain grejt Rivtf
thole that were in Nereffity, as hated of God ; but the named Puhjangan, emptying itfelf intu ih« Octan, by
Idolaters, (fjiccially thofe BttlJ, have propounded it as a which many Ships with much Mcrchandifc afcendi'anj
gootl Woik accei)table unto Gul, ami have taught him to in that Place there is a very fair Bru'g;, all of fcr()en!ine
be thus bountiful •, fo that in his Court, Bread is never Stone, curioufly wrought, containing three hundred Pictj
denied to any who afk it, and there is no Day in which is in L.cngth, and eight in Breadth, lo broad that ttn Mtn
not given away twenty thouland Crowns in Rice, Millet and may ride a-brtaft i on each Side, it is fccured with a Wall
I'anike 1 whence he is ellcemed as a Gwl by his Subjecfls. of Marble, and Pillars fct in a Row, .ind In the Hfight
There are in C.;mt\j/«, Chriftians, Sur.ntns and C..t:it\- ol this Alccnt is a great and hipji Pillar, at the Frti
ens, alvut five thouland Atlrologeis and Diviners, which wliTcnf is a great Lion, and on the Top another, and lb
ihc (ircat A'i^tfw provideth yearly in Food and Raiment, quite through the Bridge : One Pace and a half Pilbnce
ai he doth thofe Poor alvKcfiid, TluTe have .in Allrola- arc Pillars with Lions on the Top, and a f.iir Will
ble, in which are marked t!ie Signs of the I'lan-n, the with wrought marble Work berwixt, to keep Men tn.in
Hours and Points of all the Year. Herein all tlioCe Af- falling. Having palTed over the Kiver ani inc^^t, inj
trokigcrs, each Kcligioii ajvtrt, view the Courle of the proceeding thirty Miles wcftw.ud (in wliicli PaUco «
Year according to every Moon, obferving the Difixjfition continually fccn, with Vinyards and fertile HclJsy you
of liir Weather, referring always to (loci to do mure or come to the City Gcuza, both fair and great, having :;u
lefs alter his own Plcaiure. They svritc alfo upon certain
Squares they call l^tuini, the tilings which arc to
come that Year, which they (i i! to thofc that will buy
ihcm, and fuch as fi)cak rr.ort rruili arc molt honoured.
If any intend any "reat Woik, or to go a far Journey,
Bi'.d will know the F.vent Ixlore-hanil, he his recourfe to
thele .Aftrologers, to (ec it with t.'ieir Lyes in the Heavens,
which tl-.ry pretend to do, comjianng the prefent C(nftcl-
lation With tlut of his Birth, which they demand of him 1
fo foretelling him the Goul or F.vil. The Tartan rcckc/ii
the Coirputatirn of their Years by Twelves, the FirR fig-
mrwd I) a Lion, t!ie fecond by .an Ox, the third by a
Dr.igun, the fouith by a Dog, and fo through the wholi-
Twelve ; fo that it ; be demanded of a Man when he was
born, he will anfwer, fuch a Point of fuch an I lour of fuch
a Day, 111 tlx- Year Lion. 1 hi? their Fathers rx.i{\ly in
down in a B<jv)k, and when the Twelve is compleat, they

go ovir liie fame again

Of tlieir Religion, we have faid, that they are Idcla-
terv, and fcr th.ir(iods, have a Table fet alott in the
W.1II ol tlieir ChamLier, on which is written a Name rc-

iireilnting the High Goil of Heaven, and there every
"lay With a Cenfer ot Incenfe, they adore it in this Man-
ner , they lift up thrir Hands alolt, and llrike their Teeth
thrice, prayir.g it to give thrm a g&t-d Undcrf^anding,
and i lealth, an.! deliie there(jf nothing elle. Befides, on
tlie (iround they have another ."^taM? called Natigai -, the
God of earthly things, wiih his Wife and Children, whom

ny Monal^eries of Idols. Cloth of Gold a.nd Silk are rcide
there, and the pureft and lineft Cambricks or Lawns j jjid
many common Inns for 'Strangers or Travellers aa foaid
in that City. The Citizens are Artificers and Merciumi,
A Mile without this City the Way partcth, oiu' kad'ii;
Weft, the other S(;u:h-Fjtt ; tliai to the Wdi WAx
t!irough the Province of Catbin; 1 ur the ct.V.r :^»j;.i
the Country of Mitigi, from the City ot iicuzi to th;
Kingdom of Tatn/u '.

You ride ten Days through Cith.zy, always finJirg ma.
ny fair Cities, well furnifhed with Vineyard), and iki
Fields, from whence Wine is carrir^l to Cj/V', whfrt
there is noije : 'J'hcre are many Mul!>?rry-trefsturSli;.
worms, the People tivil, and Cities very numrruus d
p Jous. Taifi/u is the Name ot ilic kingdom, r.l ot
t chief City, which is great and fair, hath iiuch We,
with Store of Ammunition tit for the Khan's .Ar.r.fl.
The Wine about this City ferveth the wnolr IVonn?;,
Seven Days furth' r weftwatd, is a plealant Couitry, bfj>
tified with m.uiy CalUes and Cities, in Mhich allbthirts
great Trade in diiiercnt Merchan.lizr carried en. M:::
which you come to a City very great, named I'linf,^
which the-e is vafl abundance of Silk and much I'-xt.
Weftward from Ptanfu, flandsavery pleafa:,tCa:!:c,nj.T(d
ffMgiii, aneiei.tly built by a King called D^r; in :::s a
fpacious Palace, wherein is a tine 1 lall, m wh;.,h w
painted all the famous Kings which liave re'gnfd tlicrf,
and it is a fair Spectacle. Of this King Ccr, th;yUT,

likcwife they worllup with Incenfe, thiking or gnaJhing he ssas potent, and was attended only by young l).i.nH,
the Teeth, and liftir.g up thtir Hands, and dcrire thereot of which he had many in his Court. Titele alio, whinhc
Tcm|Kraturc ol the Air, Fru.ts of the Farth, Children, had a Mind 10 take his Plealure, carried him nu mill

and tin- like. They hold the Soul to be immortal, .uui
that wlu-n a Man dies, it enters info another Body, Iv-tter
or v.i ii;-, according to the Merits of the former Life -, as
•>l a p^ir Man to l>ecoine a Grntleni.in, and after, a Prince
or ly .k1, and lo higher, till it be aldurbcd in Go^l i and if it

light Chariot through thcCaf\le, which was (o hnm. by
Alt and Nature, that the Governor thereof tear dr. jnr.M
not Umcdii his Ixjrd, againtl whom he rehellal.

But fevcn Men protetnng Fide l.ty and Savicetiur,
toc^k him at a Difadvantage 111 hunting, and broujn m

I (r Ta.i^r,,,, {>,)» w», I vnv (tn^l t.'.nt. v.,ncr. >„d ai f,ich, liai Itfn iioe oi.Iv ucfen'd amongll them, but fprnd '"' f »•'<> '"™ '
Cnsiniri' i w« (Jul! hcrr.fter h»w (Kr4hnn to rxy,hm „ mo,t >t U,yc j .1, ,...fci.< it itiall luAce to ob»erv«, tint loniflh.iig ol tUluM"''
Wiutr.ll, u(r.l ,„ ,l„ nijril.rrn Stum^ ,1 / ,. ,,. a,„| „ ,|, ) |.rj;,:lca amoi » il,e S.vjjr^ in lomc Cm. of im.r.ra „

Iiii.mK l«.u,,w»ifly,tJ, <h>tilir |)fla,}...o.i h<f4 g,vrn bv cut Auttior ii a ittl* d.rk ^ml prrrlcm.l. uml that, ai ■'" "^ ""' "™^ I, 'l. ,, f,.
M..iifi lo Icic, iht I'l... . J,c mti,ii..n. ; t.ui. on il.c .uMr h..,J. it mull Ix conlulcr«J, ibtl chu i> iht hili A«uuni that «a> r""'"" ""^^ ^,
ry ul tl,f frr-t C ir,ir> ul CmiJ. and Ihil th;. Atujm.i wu *ntto. bv a Man li:i!», it ai all aojuainlcd witii the ^ifnwv, i J *"", !.""Jif**
iiiiLi; m.t- 'htn ii.inKtib,ni; trmii iii> .Not* hn>i. the Hitnn ol I'lair. nd fruvwcfi \itm UtAttun Itoia «»* -Uic;, n.th mJ*""'" ^'^
rtlti.i ji '.^ ;,.c .1 a. al lo ^txai i L»Mt«K.c wl I luit lit *u »kk i* icwUtu. p ,j,tf

Chap. 11.

<?/ M A R c o Polo.

6x1

I'liloncrto I'rclliytcr y»/'«, or Uii:can, who put him on
vilf I lo.ithi, aiut it|i|M)inUil hiui to keep his Cattle, and fct
ovii hiin A lironj^ (iiiaul, till two Years were cndLtl ; af-
III wiiicli he coinmamii'd him to be brought before him,

\m\ being ditlli.'d in piinaly Apparel, he giving him his
jijuloii, after a (liarp Admonition, fcnt him well attended to

I (ill KtiKill'eHion o( liis Kingdom. About twenty Miles
biyi'i\il the C'alllc 'Ibiiigin is the River Caraimran, which,
|,y K .iliin of the exceeding Breadth and Depth tliereof,
|,,iih no Bridne over it in all the Space from thence, till it
lliiwt'lh to the Oiean. On the Shore thereof are many

! Cities and Callles built, wherein great Trade is carried on.
"I'liis Country abound.-; with Ginger, Silk, and I-'owl, tf-
lutuilly I'licaiiints, fo that three of them are bought for a
; mMn Groat. There grow Reeds in vaft Plenty, fo
llmk tli.U fume are a toot, and others a Foot and a
half in Comp4is, which are applied to many Ufcs. PalT-
iii« thii River, after two Days Journey, is the famous
City culled Carumfu, wlicre many Cloths of Gold and
.Silk »ic made. Merc grows Ginger, Galingale, Spike,
ami many Spiers. The People are Idolaters.

Proceeding fcvcn Days Journey weftward, many Cities
aiulTovvns, lovely Fields and Gardens are found, and every
where Mulberries fur Silk-worms. As for the People, they
are niollly Idolaters \ but there arc alio Gbrijlians, 'hoks,
^^tjlttiiiiis, and fomc Saracou, There is a vail Abundance
iverc ol Wild Bealb and I'owl. If y(ju proceed feven Days
Journey tiirtlicr, you Ihallcome to a txrtain great City, nam-
ed iiinnziiiifii, which is the chief City of the Kingdom, in
wlikli have rriijned many famous Kings ; and, at this Day,
the Son ot the Great Khan, called Mungalu, hath the Com-
iiKiul tlieri'dl". That Country yields great Plenty of Silk,
Cloth of Gold, and all ether Things neceflary for furnilh-
ing an Army, and for the Prcfervation of Man's Life.
'I'lie Inhabitants worlhip Idols, and there are fomc Cbrifti-
dnj, Turks, and aaratens. Live Miles without this City,
lUiiilcth the Palace of Maiigalu, feated in a Plain, where
arc many Springs, Rivulets, and Places of Game. There
is x hii^h Wall encompalfing a Park of five Miles, wiure
ate all Soils of wild Bealls and Fowls. In the Midd is an
excellent Palace, having many Halls and Chambers, great
and tiir, all painted with Gold and Azure, and numberlefs
St.miis adorning it. TheKing, with his Courtiers, delir^Jits
himfelf in hunting the wild Bealb, and taking of Fowl,
aiivl following his Father's ILxamplc in Juftice and Equity,
It iiuich l)elovcd ot his People.

I'locerdini', three Days Journey weftward from the faid
J'aLn.r, thiough a very beautiful Plain, where many Cities
and CillKs ate, which abound with filk Merchandize and
Mainil.u lures, you conic to a Country, where in the Moun-
Liinsaiul Valleys are frequent Habitations, and many Villa-
Ri'Mit the Province of Chmicbian. The Inliabitantb, .is to
Keli(;Kiii, are idolaters ; and as to Employment, Huf-
banuiiien. Alio in that Country they hunt Lions, Bears,
St.i^',';, Roc-bucks, Deer, and VVolves. The Plain is two
D.iy Jiiurney over, and the Country is about twenty
iViys Journey weftward, well inhabited, being finely di-
Vcilirii.\l into Mountains, Valleys, and Woods. After
tliric twenty Days, towards the Well, there lies a Province
calkd ^Ithtahuh Alangi, that is, the IVbile City, of the
li«rJti^ ol A/angi, which is well peopled. This Province,
lur twi) Days Journey, hath a Plain, in which arc an infi-
nit; Nunilier of VilLigcs : Beyond theic lie Mount.iins,
ValVyv, and Woods Ji" well inhabited. It hath Plenty of
^^iM Heads, and of thole Creatures that yield Muik. In
tli.s I'loviMce Ginger grows in great Plenty, as alio Corn,
ami Kice.
Alter twenty Days Journey through thofe Hills, is a

■ I'l.iii), and a Province in the Confines of Mangi, named
ii'iJinfii. The chid City, hath the fame Name, ami is very
hi^Jt, and exccediiij'; rich, being twenty Miles in Circuit.
It ImiIi had many rich and mighty Kings \ but an old
Kiii|_; dyin^, hit ilnir Sons Suicellors in the Kingdom,
wIk) divided the City into three Parts, compaliing every
I'art with tlirir proper Walls ; all which, notwithllaiuiing,
*'ire contained within the foriiur Wall; but the Gie.it
Khan hil-ji^iud luverthehls that City and Kinu,dom.
Liio' this I. ity nm many Kiveis and many Places round
«hiiuf, tbm<* hull a Mile over, iome two hundred Paces,

very deep j on them arc many Ihitlgcs of Stone, very fair,
tight Paces broatl, let on both Sides with Marble Pillars,
which bear up a Timber I'Vamc that covers the Bridge,
each Bridge having Streets and Shops thereupon. When
the Rivers have palfed through the City, they become one
great River, called l^ifiiin, which runs one hundred Days
Journey hence to the Ocean, Near tliefe Rivers are many
Cities and Callles, and on them innumerable SJiips for
Merchandize, Proceeding four Days Journey farther,
thro' a very line Plain, many Cities, Caftlea, and Villages are
founJ, in which live lauins extend in beautiful Order.
There arc alii) many wild Uealls there. Beyond the Plain,
which we have now mentioned, is the wide Province of
Tbel/et, which the Ciirat Khan vanquillied and wafted-, for
in it lie many Cities dcftrnycd, and Caftles overthrown, by
the Space ol twenty Days Journey t and bccaufe it is be-
come a Wikleinels, wanting Inhabitants, wild Beafts and
Lions arc there iiicrealal cxcclTively, and it is requifitc
therefore that Travelkis carry Viftuals with them. Very
large Cane grows in this Country, ten Paces in Length,
and three Pahns in Thickners, and as much from Knot to
Knot, When Travellers therefore will reft at Night lecurc
from Bealls, they take great Bundles of the greener Reeds,
and nutting lire under, kinille them, which make fuch a
CiMckling, anil li) great n Noile, that it may be heard two
Miles oil' I which terrible .Sound the wild Beafts hearing,
llee away, but it has liometimts happened, that Horfcs and
other Bcall'., which Merchants ufe for thcii' Journey, hear-
ing this Noifc, and Cracking, have grown alio much
afraid, and lictal.ing thcmfclves to Flight, have efcaped
tiom their Malleu j ami therefore wifer Tiavellers binding
their Feet t(i|.',ether, detain them in their proper Places.

19. 1'hele twenty Days Journey ended, having paiTed
over the Pioviiu'c of 'J'kict, we met with Cities, and
many Villages, in which, through the Blindnefs of Idola;
try, a wii kid Ciillom is iifcd ( tor no Man there mairieth
a Wife that is u Virgin v whereupon, when Travellers and
Strangcis, coming from other Places, pafs through this
Countiy, and pitch their Pavilions, the Women of that
Place having marriageable Dauijhters, bring them unto
Strangers, defiring them to take them, and ci-,joy their
Company as long as they remain there. Thus the hand-
fomelt are chofon, and the rcll return home forrowful, and
when they ilcpait, they arc not fuffercd to carry any away
with theii-i, but failhlully rellore them to their Parents.
The Maiden alio requircth fomc Toy, or fmall Picfent, of
him wlio h.ith dellowered her, which llic may Ihew, as an
Arguinent and Proof of her Condition i and flie that hath
been loved and abiifed of moll Men, and fli.all h.ive many
fuch Favours and Toys to Ihew to her Wooers, is accounted
more noble, and may on that Account be advantagcouHy mar-
ried ; and wh:'n Ihe woulil ap|)ear moft honourably drefied,
flic hangs all lur Lover's I'avours about her Neck, and
the more areepiablc ihe was to many, fo much the more
Honour Ihe uceives from her Countrymen. But when they
are oiiie married, they arc no more fuffercd to convcrfe
with Itrange Men, ami the Men of this Country are very
c.iutious never to olTcnd one another in this Matter. They
are Flolaters ami cruel, thinking it no Sin if they rob, and
exercile I'lKl't, They live by Hunting and the Fruits of
the F.arth ; Many Uealls alio arc found with them, yielding
Mufli, called in this Country Ciadderi. They have a
Lanj^uagc of tluir own, and have no Money, not fo much
as the Paper- Money of the Khan, but ufe Corals for Mo-
ney, and are cloathtd with the Skin of Beafts, or coarfc
1 lemi). This Country belongs to the Province of Tlelrt,
for 'IM'ii is a very large Province, and has been fome time
divided into liuht Kingdoms, having many Cities and
Towns, with Mountains, Lakes and Rivers, where Gold
is fniiul, The Women wear Coral about their N.cks, and
hang It about the Necks of their Idols, as a precious thing.
In this Country theie are very large Dogs, as big as Aftes,
which takw wiUl Bealls, cfpecially wild Oxen, called
Uoydtuini.

There arc in this Province many forts of Spices, which
are never brou}i,ht into thtfe Parts, This 'f'kle! is (as all
the lorincr Provinces) lubjeCt to the Khatl. On the Weft
of the I'loviiieeot iM'il bordercth the Province of CaiW«,
which was toimcily tjovcrncJ by her own Kings, now by

the

ilnil''

i;r^

It.

. i

'My,

I' i i\t

CO f

;lf

6ii

The rOTAGES ami TRAFELS

0%
■11

Bcokl.

the Governor*; of thf Klun, by the Wdl, you mu(l not
UnJcrftamI, fli;it the Couni.ii.. arc in die Well , kit that
Wf, ilcparting from thole I'art^ whiih are l>ctwixt tlic I'alt
and NorthcatU came hither Wcilward, and therefore
reckon thrni Welhvard. The People are Idolaters, have
many Cities the cluef called by the Name of tl>e I'rovirKC,
CiSindu, built on tiie Frontiers of the Province. There is
a large Salt Lake, in which are ainmdanccof Pcarlj, white,
but not round, lb many, that in point ot Price they wouki
Ix-comc little Worth, if" they were tiif^'ered to l)e carried
away at Mens Phalures. It is therefore provided, upon
Pain of Death, that none fhould prel'ume to tilli lor I'carl
in this Lake, without the Licence of the Circat Khan.
There is alio a Mountain, in which is found a Mine of
Turquoife Stones, the digging of which is rcrtrain'-d iiy the
like Licence. Many (ladderi are alii) in this Province,
which yield Mulk, Th.« I jke alio, which bret.l-; IVarl
in fuch Plenty, abounds with Filli, anil the whole Country
is full of wild Ikalls that is to fay, of Lions, Bears States
Deer, Ounces Rtx--bucks, and ilivers kinds of Birds.
Cloves are found there in great Plenty, winch arc gathered
from fmail I'rees, which have Boughs and I caves like the
Riy-trce, but fomtwhat longer, and ftr.iiter, while Flow-
rr^, and brittle, as are the Cloves, antl wlicii they aie rijir,
thty are black and dufky. dinger, Cinamon, and fevcral
other Spices, grow tfiere in great Plenty, which arc
not brought into our Countries. Wine, however, though
plentiful with us, groweth not in it, Init inlVead thereof, they
mnkc a moft excellent Drmk, of Com, Rice, and divers
Sjiicti.

The Inhabitants of tiiis Country worDiip Idols, to which
they are fo iKlbtted, that they think they deferve their
FastHJr, if they prof\itiite their Wives, Sillers ami Daugh-
ters, to be abufeil by Pravcllen -, for when any Stranger
Cometh amongll them, every Marter of a Houli: feeketh to
give him F-ntertainment, and leaving the Females and
Houfc to the Strar;gers, will not return until they depart,
which he doth for the (jk>ry ol his Idols, hoping they will
be mere gracious to him. Certain Sprigs of (Sokl are their
Money, ufing Weights, and according to the Weight of
the Sprig, is the Value of the Money, and this Money is
their larger fort of Money without Stamp. They liavc alfo
a lelfer, which they make after this m.iniicr. They boil
Salt in a Caldron for about an Hour, and of this, being con-
geak;d, they make little lumps like Two-j)enny Ixwves,
which Ixring foli>l, is ligned with the Prince's Stamp, and
they make vaft Profit thereof in Places remote tiom Cities,
which have Store of Mulk, and Gokl, aiui want Chapmen
Thefc barter their Gold for Salt, to ule wuli ttirir Meats.
I.eavirg this Province, they proceed tiltccn Days jour-
ney further, and in that Sjuce meet \vit!i Catll-s aiul
many Villages, wholi: lnhafjiunts iiavc the lame Culloms
that the I'rovince ui Cuindii harh, and at Irngili they (oiiie
unto a River called Brius, by wluch the PrDVir.i c of Caimtit
is ftoimded. In rhis River CjoKi is found in )',icat Plenty,
which they call Ih I' .j, wallied in ViJllls to (.leai;lc it
from the .^.and and I-^:,,i. On the Banks ilicrcof tinatnon
grows in great .Abiindance. 1 Iki Rivrr lalK directly intu
the Ocean. I laving jwlTetl over the Rivtr Bnw, ili -y
come Wrllward to c!ic Piovince C.irai.m, wliii h contains
fcven Kingdom*. It is lubjedl to the (ireat Khan, whole
Son, named Sfntcmur, is made Vice- King of that King-
dom, a.id IS a young Prince, rich, wile, ami jiill.

'1 he Inhabitants thcriot ire Idolaters; you riJe live
Days Journey tiirough u, .ind lind it all well |x-opled .
They live on thi ir Bealh .and J- mitv The Country breeds
excellent Horks, and u hath a pcciili.ir and di/Tiailt lan-
guage. Having finillied tlu l<: live Days Journey, you
come to the chief City calkd /ad, whidi is both great and
famini>, haih in it many Merchit^ts and Artificers, .uui
niaiiy lortsof People, Idolater., (.hnjlians, Ntftorians, and
yarauns ; Imt the gitatelf Part ot the Inhabitants arc Ido-
Jatrrs. It hath Com and Ricr, notwithllandmg which they
eat no Bread ol Corn, Ixrcaule it is not wholdome, but tliey
inake Bread ot Rice; rhey make Drink alio ot it, anil
liviral 5>j,ices which i. very jikdant ; they ule white Por-
crlane inltead of .Money, and for (.)inaments, .Sliells whuli
are found at Stn Much .Salt is nude in this City .t ili.-
Water of Salt WWh, from whence ihcVitc-Kinyhath i^icat

Profit. The Men of this Country care net ,f a„y k
come to their Wives, (o tiry g;ve ihiir Confrnt ri
.5 alio a Lake there very lull of Fith, contaminR JC
dred Mil-s in Compafs. Their Men ,« raw ti ^
Hens Btef, Mutton, and Bullalocs, but prepare 7'
this Ma.incr: They lirlt cut it into ihiall Pi{i« j
after fcalbn it with excellent Spiu's-, but thcpoorerr
Ihred it, and lay it in Garlick .Sauce, .indtatiui*
boiled Meat. Dcpatting from tlic (.ity of Ijc, \ ^'"'
travelled ten Days j(,iirney Well ward, wi tanif lo'th-?^
vinic calkil, as the diuf City, Carman, whith Lomn It
of Cuhlai, governeth. The Rivers there yicitijjiuiil,
titles of wafhed (iold, and allij tli.it winch is loluj, ami wii-
MoiiMtains fhey find Golil in the Viin, ,,nii tliiyci've •
Pound of Gold for fix ot Silvii. 'J liiy Ipciid Pwcta'
tor Motley brought thither fioni India. "'

Tin- Inhabitants arc Idolaters; veiy jyeat Scrinu^stt
breil ill this Couiitry, lonir ^A wliuli ,irc ten I'^tci
Ix-ngth, a.-.d in I luckiiels ten Sjaiis. Ihcy hjvt i,
iittlc Feet before near tlie Hcaii, with thiec ialonscr
Claws like Lion;:, and the F.ycs Uv.vs\ ilun a Lodi, ftj.
ing very bright. 'I'liey have thrir^Muiths and jl*s'tj
very wide, tiiar they are able to Uv.iliow a M^;,, n^^^^^^
fliarp I'ceth t nor is there any Man, or ether livmy Citj.
ture, which can Ix ':.< M thelc S( r| cnts without Ttiior, Thtn
arc alio Ibine lets, (,f ( ight, or lix, liinic of live Pacts lor,?,
whk-h are taken alter this M.inner : In the Day-tiaio fc
tife to lie hid, f)y reafon of the licit, in Hulcs, oiiioi
whiih they go by Night to feck their Prey, ami i;tv:u
whatlbever they get, laons. Wolves, .is well ji u(u
Bealls, and then go to leek W.tter, leaving fuch a Tiaa
thro' their Weight in the Sands, as if a Piece ol Timbn
had been drawn there •, whereiijion the Hunters win
under the Sands great Iron Sjiikcs, in their uluil i'rj;ts,
whcnby they are woumled ami fl.iin. The Crows pititmif

froclaim the Serpent's Fate, and by their Cries, mvin ibt
Iunter<, which come and Hr.i him, taking cut liiiGjll,
which is iifeil for divers Medic mes, ainoni.^f other tiiw?, tor
the biting of mad I'Vigs, a Penny-weight given nUirt,
and for Women in Travel, for Carbuncles, and othei 1),-
f^em|)crs, and they fell the Fklh dear, as being accciiu;
delicate.

There are ftour ITorfes bred in this Province, whidfcy
their Merchants arc carried into Indut. 'I lieyconinipniytikf
one Ikine out of the Tail, kll he lh.;ukl bend lib T;t
liitlicr and thither, and (llecm it mere coincly, that it ki;
tlownright. They ulir long Stiirups as the inr.tb, uinc.i
the 'larliirs and other N itions, tor theii iiliooiiTg, ui;
fliort, ly-raufc when tluy Dv.ot ilicy rile up. Thfv ia
Targets and Armour in the \V.i; , inade ot the II.'hj
Bull'alws i they have Laniits anil Ctolvbuw , aiuliufun
all their Arrows. .Some of them, who are \illii'!S irt
faid to carry Poifon about thr:ii cui.tinually, that it Key
be taken tluy may fiKldenly Iwalluw it, ami li> JymSi:
onci , prevent Toiture •, for which Caulc tlw great l.ir^
Jiave Dogs Dung re.uiy, which they lirce them tulwa.-..,
and th.it makes them voinit tlic IVuloii. Iklure tin (r^i:
Khan fubjet^tctl them, they ufed when .any .Stranger,*:,.,'.
(cemed ot g<Kid Prefence and Parts kidged wii.i them, i^^
kill him by Night, fupiHiling th.it thole g^wd Para « uu
Man would abhic afterwards in that lluule; andtni^wy
Notion has proved the De.itli ot many.

Travelling forwards from the Province of CtfroMi.aii"
five Days Journey Wellward, is ti-.e I'rovince ol CsrAiiiJ '.
which alfo IS fubjec'l to the Great Klun : The duel U»
thereof is called A-Vr/Jw, the Inhabttanf "icrrot ±\«-
cela.ne, and weighed Pieicsot t.oU i;iHe» . .'I MonqsiJr
ill that Country, and many other lying re. 1 aijoui, ■''^ff
Mines are not found, and tluy give an « .nKCi'tl'^U^"'
five Ounces of Silver, and according to this Kxch.i:.g . :-"•»'
Gain IS made. The Men .vm\ \\ oii.eii in that Ukli
covet their Pccth with thin Plates ot t.uld, wiiiwuv"
lit to thetJi, that the 1 ecth tlicmkivrs lecni, a. they «.;'.
let 111 tliolf I'lates. Tlic Men about thtir Ariiisat;,!!
makr i.ills, pruking th^ I'Liccs with N'-'-'i^^- f^C,'
thc.eia a black indelil.le Tinauie . ami thrle l^'l'^^f ™
are cllcenud vs.t). ihein a, a Maik of great ['•'If '
They give their Mii-vls to iioilum^ but Ruling, fWY-'
Hawking, and the L.xercile of Atiiii. kavi.^g '!>« H-'"!^^

Chap.

11.

of M \ K c o PoL

A'<:

613

earos to t!ic Women, who are afllftcd therein by Slaves,
wlurli they buy, or take in War. When a Woman is
(Mice ilciivcred, ftc forfakes the Bed, wafhes the Child,
ami JrclTcs it, and then the Huiband litth down, and keeps
the Child with him forty Days, not fuH't-ring it to depart;
IS vilited all that time by Friends and Neighbours, to chear
and comfort him. The Woman looks to the Houle, and
carries tlit Huft»nd his Broths to the Bed, and gives Suck
ti) tlic Child by him. Their Wine is made of Rice and
Spice ; their ordinary Food is Rice, and raw Flclh, drtlTed
as before mentioned. In this Province there are no other
Idols, liive that every Family tdorA, rhe oldeft Man in the
lloulc of whom they fay, con .• theoifelves, and all they
have ; they dwell for the moft pan in wild and mountain-
ous I'lacts, but Foreigners come not to thofe Mountains,
hecaulc the Air would kill them, being in Summer very
corrupt.

I'hcy have no L,etters, but make their Contrads and Ob-
ligations by Tallies of Wood, one half whereof one kcepcth,
anil the other the other, which b< ing afterwards paid, the
1 ally is dcftroycd. There are no Phylicians in this Pro-
vince, nor in Caindu, yociam, and Caraian ; but when
any is fick, they call the Magicians, or Idol Pricils toge-
ther, and the fick Perlbn declares his Difeafe unto them i
then the Magit^ians dance, and found certain Inilriimcnts,
and bellow torth Songs, in Honour of their Gods, till at
kngth the Devil entercth into one of them, (kipping and
playing in the Dance. Then leaving the Dance, they
conlliii with him that is poilelTed, fur what Caufe that
Dilrare h.ippened unto him, and what is to be ilune tor his
Recovery. The Devil anTwereth by him, becaufe he hath
done this or that, or becaufe he hath oti'ended this or that
GotI, therefore he fell into tliis Ddeafe. Then the Magi-
cians intreat that God to pardon him this Offence, promi-
fmg, that if the (kk Pcrlon recovers, he Ihall offer a S.icri-
fice of his own Blood i but if the Devil, or the PrieA:,
think the Patient to be Tick of fuch a Difeafe that he can-
not be freed from the fame, he uleth to anfwer ; This Man
hath fo gricvoufly offended that God, that he cannot by
any Sacnlices be appealed ; but if he think he (hall recover,
he coinmandcth to offer fo many Rams, having black
Hcaiis, and to prepare fo many Magicians with their
Wives, by them to offer Sacrifices, and that God may
then be appeafcd towards him i which being heard, his
Kinlinen quickly caufe thole things to be done which the
Devil commanded. They kill Rams, and fprinkle their
Blood in the Air, and the Magicians alfcmblcd, light
great Candles, and perfume the whole Moufe with Iii-
ccnfe, making great Smoke of Lignum Aloes, and
Ijirinkle the Broth of the Flclh in the Air, with the Po-
tion made ot Spices -, all which being duly performect,
they Ikip about again, and dance in Honour ot that Idol,
wl'.ich is (iippofed to have been favourable to the Sick,
fitii^ing and making a horrible Noife with their Voices.
'llufi: things being performed, they alk the polfeis'd
.ngain, whether the Idol be picafed ? And if he anfwer no,
they prefently prepare themli:lves to fulfil any other Com-
mand of his i but if he anfwer that he is latished, they lit
ilown at the Table, and eat the Flclh offered to the Idol
with great Joy, .ind drink the Ljquors, and Dinner being
ended, and the Magicians paid, every one returns to his
own Home -, and when the Sick hath thus elcaped the
Diuafe, thro* the Providence ot Ciud, and hath been re-
llored to Health, they attribute it to the Idol, to whom
ihcy facrihced •, but if he die, then they lay, the Iilol was
delraudcd, and that tome of the S.iciilicers tailed thereof
lirft: This is not done to all, but by the iiclicr, the Devil,
i/i' his Prielts, in his Name, iinpoling on their Blindnefs,

I'he Great Khan, y^. D. nyz, lent an Army into the
i^ingoni of Vociam and Gurazaii, to reduce it, his Forces

' ■' he great Conquells made by the 7tirian in the Eaft, have fo overtymed alt Monuments of Antiquity among the Nationi they have fubdued, lliat
lit KCK liot for thefc 'IriivoU of M,!rii> Poh, we Ihould be at a Lof> for any of the Particulars rclalini; to thim. The Chinne Hiltorians indeed, vc-
1) I illi loiifirm the Truth of what he has delivered, but in general Terms only i fo tliat they add noiliing circumllantial, or capable of giving us a
'lun or more diHinrt Idea of what he has ^aid down, in reipcct to which it Is futticient for us to oblerve, th.it moil ot the Fafts he mentions either
^ipifi cd .1' the Time when he was artiully prefent in the Court of the (ircat Khan, or a very Utile before it ; lo that he coul 1 not but be well in.
'mimw li to the I ruth of what he alTerts. Strange indeed to us, who live at fo gre.n a Dillance from ihcfc Countries, and are fo little acquaiuteJ
i^ i ilic Manners of thrir Inhaliilanis, but at the fame Time very agrfeablc to the bell .Accounts that have been .aftbrded us of thefc Coun-
!"• liv modern Travellers, and more efpciiall) by the Miflioiuiries, who have been at great Pains to colWCt and reduce into Order futli Paflagej
■■ ;'ii) have met with in Chin jt and other Oriental Writen.

^1 MB. 42. 7 R ''^»

being to the Nurtiber of twelve rhoufand veteran Troops,
under tlic Conduft of a Nfjioriaii, an experienced Olficcr.
As foon as the King of Mien and King of Btngala heard
of their coming, allembling their Forces, they joined
Hoife and Foot together about threefcore Thoiilaiid, and,
about a thoufand Elephants bearing Callles, and in every
CalUc twelve or fixteen armed Men were placed 5 with
this Army the King of Mein marched Ipeedily towards
the City of Vocianty where the Army of the Tartars lay-
encamped. Nejlardin, however, marched forth with in-
vincible Courage to fight the Enemy, and drawing near
them, encamped near a certain great Wood, knowing
that the Elephants with their Towers on their Backs were
not able to enter into the Wood. Then the King of Mein
feeing this, refolved to meet them •, but the Tartarian
Horfe perceiving the Elephants which were placed in the
Front of the Battle, were terrified, fo that they could not
by any Means be brought to charge the Elephants ; the
Tartars therefore were compelled to alight from their
Horfej, and tying them to the Trees, they came to fight
on Foot agaiiift thofe Beads, and very wilely flio: a
Multitude of Am. rs againft the Elephants, which not
able to cniluie the Wouiiti.-; icceived by the Arrows, be-
took themfclves to flij'ht, and went all to the next Wood,
brake their Callles, and overthrew the a*med Men fitting
in them ; which the Tartars feeing, run to their Horfes«
and getting upon them, lurioudy tell upon the King's
Army with great Violence, and ui loy of either Army fell.
At length the- King of Mein ueing put to Flight, left the
Vidtory to the Tartars, who hailened to the 'A'ood, and
taking many Captives, uled their Help to leize two hun-
dred of theie Elephants, and ever fince the Great Khan
hath ufed Elephants in his Army, to which before he was
notaccultomed: Hereupon alfo he vanquilhcd the Countries
of the King of Alein and Bengala, and fubjetted them to
his Empire".

Departing from the Province of Caraiant, there is .■• great
Defart, which continueth two Days and a half, iior is
there any Habitation tlure, but a very large Plain, in
which three Days in the Week Multitudes meet together
for Trading. Many dekcnd iiom the gtcM Mountains of
that Country, bringing Ciold with them to change for Sil-
ver, that is, giving an Ounce ot Gold for five Ounces of
Silver, and therefore many Merchants from foreign Nati-
ons come thither, who bring Silver and carry Gold away,
and bring thither Merchandize to fell to thefe People ; for
to thofe high Mountains in which they who gather Gold
in that Country dwell, no Stranger can come, becaufe the
Way is intricate and unpaflable. When you are pall that;
Plain, going toward the South, Mein bordcreth upon In-
dia, and the Diftance is about fifteen Days Journey,
through Places uninhabited, and woody, in which innu-
merable Elephants, Unicorns, and other wild Bealls
wander.

After that fifteen Days Journey, you come to Mein,
a great and noble City, the Head of the Kingdom, and
fubjedt to the <ircat Khan. The Inhabitants thereof have
a peculiar Language, and are Idolaters. In this City there
was a King, who Ixing ready to die,' commanded that
near to his Sepulchre there Ihould be ercftcd two Towers,
in the Form of Pyramids, one at the Head, the other at
the Feet, bothofMarble,oftheIIeighthof ten Fathom. On
the I'op was placed a round Ball •, he cauled one to be covered
all over with Gold, a Finger thick, and the other with
Silver ; and upon the Top, round about the Balls, many
little gold and filver Bells were hanged, which at the
blowing of the Wind, gave a certain fluill and pleafant
Sound. The Monument, or Sepulchre, was alio covered
with Plates, partly of Gold, partly of Silver. He com-
manded this to be made in Honour of his Soul, and that

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614

Tk rorJGES ami TRJFELS

. M>

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his Mffrory ftoulcl nrver die arrong Mm. And when
the (iTcat Khan undtrtook to lulxliu- liiis City, lir
(rnt a valiant Cajitain, and the grratiit I'uu of his Army
wfir Cavalry, of which the bc-ttrr Fart of his 'lti.w\>\
oMififts i thcfe winninR t»v City, would not dettiolilh that
Monument without the Khan's Knowk-dgc; whoh.aring
that the dfceafetl had crcfted it for the llonour of his
^Joiil, wcHtld not IliHcr it t<-) \x iniurcd ; for the Manner
of the lartars is not to violate thinn* which bclonj; to the
IVad. In this Province are many l.lephantf, wild C)»n,
v,vn ami foir Sugs, and Deer, and other wild Brarti ol
ilivers Kinds.

The Provincf Basalt liordcrcrh upon Indit towards the
South, which the (treat Khan Kibduid when Mart* P»f»
lived in this Country. This Country has ia own pro|yr
King and Langujgi. the Inhabitants wh<rcof ar? all kl''>
latiTs ; they have Maf^ers which kirj) S< liools, and teach
(dolatries and Fnc hantinents a thing commort to all tlie
}j;rrat Men of that Country. They eat Flelh, Rice, and
Miik i they have Cotton in gR« I'lenty, ami by tl>e M.i-
mit.JC.turc thereof, much Trade is there carried on. Tlu-y
atxxind alfo wjth Spike, Galingal, (iinper. Sugar, aini
viivrrfe other Sy.m -, huge Oxen alio .ire ihrre, coiinwrable
tKifo ticphanti in Height, but not in Bulk. Many Fu-
nu( hs arc matic in this Province, whurh arc afterwards
,fi!i! to Merchants. This Province continiieth thirty Days
fourncy, in the l->id whereof, goin<i; Haftward, is the Pro-
vince ft Cangigu, wit.ih is a Country having alio its pro-
per King and jxculiar language, the inhabitants whrrtof
worfhip Idols, and are triljuury to the (jrcat Khan ; their
King hath about rhrce hundred Wives-, much (»old is
fouixf m thi5. I»rrvince, and many Spices, hit they can-
not eafily be tranfported, becaufe that Cv itry is far dirtant
frcm the Sia; There are alfo many Elephants in ir, and
much Game. The Inhabitants live on Milk, Hcfh, and
Rice ; thry have no Wine, bit they make very gooil
Drink of Kk and Spires. As w( 11 the Men as tlie Wo-
men ufe to embroider tlicir F.ices, Necks, I lands, Bellies,
and Legs, making the Images of Lions, Dragons and
Birds, and fo firmly imprint them, th.it they cannot eafily
be put out, and tlie more finh Images any one has
upon his Body, fo much he is efleemal the fimr and
the more galLiut. And there arc alio in this Country
Profeflbis of tilts ft)oli(h Art of Hilh-Kmbroidcry, which
ufc no otJicr Tiade Inir ihts needlework and dying of
Fool'.-Skins.

.tmu lies to the I art of that Province, and is fubje ft to the
Gr*at Khar, whoir Inhabitants worllup Idols, and have to
thenifclvcs a peculiar I jngtiape. They abound with Herds
ot Cattle, and havcPlfntynf Virtual*, nndmany Hurfrs, and
rhrle excellent, which Merchants uiry for Sale into Inditt.
ILt-y have alto many B'.iffali.es and Oxen, fiecauf; there
are lielicate Palhir<s thcrt-. As well Men as Women wear
Hraciltts of CiuK! and Silver, ot f;rc.it Value, on their
Arm*, as alfo t!ic like on tlitir Legs j Init thofe of the
\N'omen arc moll va'uable ; From Anu to Cangi^ti are
above tivc and twenty Day« Joiitney. The Province of
Thhnttt!^ i« If ;ll c^lit Days Juuiivy t.'.rther dilfant to the
I' iff fran: /Inti, lubieit in tiie (>icat Khan, lutvinn a pr-
ci:lv.ir I arsguagi., and worftiippinf; Idols. 'I'hc Men and
^^ omcti in tins C'jii:'iiy are t.ili, well fliaix-d, and ol a
brown Complexion, i he Country is very well inhabited,
having many and ftwn,'^ Cartles and Citi(s. The Men arc
ptartited 111 Aims ami atcuftonHi! to War j they fnirn
the Bodies of thr .r IVa.l, an>i incloling the Kehcks ol thnr
Ifenes in a Cli If, hnie iIkiii in tin- i. avts ol the M<Hin-
t.sirs, that they cannot Ite tout hid eitlier of Man or Beafl.
(«M is found in preat Plenty there, and iiirte.-Ki of Mo-
ney, they ulc Porcel.me bn-ujiSt horn Mia, as alio in
C./tnfif^ti and yimv. l-tom the Pn^Vinee o! 'Ihtlmuin, the
hiph U'ud leads tow.iuis i!ie l-alt, hy 3 Kivcr, on the
Hank of v,hii.h .ire nary Cities and Cartles, and at the
Fnd ot twelve Days ymi come 10 the great Lity Ciniiqui.
1 he Cour.uy is fubiect to the Great Khan, and the liili 1-
bir.Mir'. ilif-refori: addicted to Idolatry, fxctllent Clntlis
ail' male in tli.s Country, ot the B.iik of Trrf, with
whidi they an 1 loath" d in the Summer. Many 1 .ions aie
ihctr, ill that l(ir kar ol then), none dare ikrp v,ilhout
|)«x,p I y Niiilu \ til' \<n'ci» which tail up and down the

Book I.

tSeBmlt.

River, for fear of thefc Lions, .irc nnt fnOrr,'
'Ihcre are g^eat Dogs in the fame Coumty, 1^7111."!!;
Oiong, that they fear not to attack the L,onj .nd it!.
ten happeneth, that two Dors, and one Arthrr bii
iaon : For the Doas, fet on by the Man, pivcthco'l
and the Lion's Nature is prefently to take Slu-lta fn™
tome Iree tha, t|,e D,>., ,n«y not ccme Khimlir
neither will his ■grnt Heart feifFcr him to nm from th^
Dog'., left he fhouM teem afraid ; but he hold, his Itjttl,
Pace, the M.vi mean while (hooting, and the Dopsuftrn
ing on his hinder Parts, but wirh inch Agilitv thi:
when the Lion tiiirs on tticm, they are gon-- and tW
this magnanimtiiis Be.irt holds on his Way «gain', tufeL
I'riT tor Succour, till what with Bitinr^s atid .W« ht
tometimts comes Ihorr, and with Exp<.ticc cf Blod, diah
by the Way. This t ountry abounds with Silk, whKh'bv
Merchants is catried to diverli: Provinrrj by the Rivtr-
they live therefore ihirfly hy their Merrhandizc : Thdr
Money is Pajier j and they are Valiant in Arms.

At the Knd of k n Days is the City of siiinjt, and
twenty Dtiys from thence is Cingui, anc! four Daysthcrce
is /*<i/,j»i/«, towards the South, and is in (ktl^y, rctutnitig
by the other Side of tlie Province. The People are IJ*
laters, and burn iheir Dead j there are alfo ccniin ChtilH-
ans which have a Church, are all under the Khan, aid ufe
Pajier Money. They make Clotlis of Ciold ar.d Silk, jitd
Lawns, very tine. By this City, which has itiany Citia
umltr it, runs a great River, which cames &ore of Mtt-
chanilize to C<>m^«/ir, made by many Clianels to pilj thi-
ther i but we will leave this Place, and ptoceeJirg thtte
Days Journey, fpcak of Ciangu, a great City towatds tht
South, of the Province of Caibayy fuhjeit lo thcKhjo.
I'he Inhabitants arc ktolaters, and burn their Dead. Thtir
Money is the (Mulberry) Paper-Coin ot the Khan. Is
this City, and the Territories that depend upon it, thtj
make large (i^iantities of Salt, for that bai th aboum's {\\tK-
with, and out of it they get Salt after this Manneri they hap
up the Earth in the Mann«T of an Hill, and [lour Wstff
u[X)n it, which draws the Saltnefs cf tlic E^i.: to it, and
then runs into certain Conduits, and is boiled in Pit,
till it be congealed to Salt, fair and white, to the great
C>ainofthc People, and of ihe(ireat Khan, being carritd
into other Countries to fell. There are large Peach:,
high flavoured, which weigh two Poimdl a-piece, five
Day* Journey beyond the City Cian^ti, in Cathay, Souw-
ward, Itandeth another City named Cmngli, in which
Road are many C ities and Cat\le«, fubjei't to the Khan,
thiough the midtl of which nms a gnat River, vci) con-
venient for Shipping laden with Merchandize.

Six Days Journey hence to the S';uth, is the noble Kii^-
dom and great C ity of TuJinfu, which had formerly it^;ro-
jTcr King, betoie it was lulxlued by the Great Khm,
/f. D. 1 a 7 ; , and hath eleven royal Cities famous for Trif-
tkk unv'cr the JdrilUiilion thereof. It is very pk'ifMtIr
ii-ated for Gardens and Fruits, rkh in .Silks-, their Kh.n
lent to lie Govcr:'or thcrcol one ft his Barons named i«-
canfir, with cift't thouland Horle, who rebelled atxill
this Lord, but w.« retluced aivl llain, by an Army ol one
hundred thouland Horfe, under two other Barons, hi
againtV him, and the Gjuiitry retluecd to Obedience. Sf-
ven Days off towards the .South, is the famous City nJmcJ
SiHguima.'Ut to which on the .South a great Kivcr rcw,
which being div;ded fw the Inhahiraiits of the Place into
two Rivers, flows otK- 'Branch to the l-:all wmn.hCi'tT;,
ami the other to the Well toward A^?' i ''y ''"=''■' '''*'"|
innumerable Velfels, and inert liil'le tor their Siy a™
Wealth, bnng Nccellaries to Ixjth Provinces. H y«
proceed lixttcn Days Journey towards the .South troin
SiHguimatu, you will meet with Cities and f""^""' *^^''"
prxiigioui irading is exerciled. The Inhabitants o! U«
Countries arc Idolaters, fiibjecf to the (..f.it Kfmi'.. •'^■^
KT tiiar, fixteen Days, you tome uiuo a great River nanieo
Laramoran, which is laid to t.ikc itside in the Ki::g..uffl<''
U'um, ot i'.elbvter 'John, ni the North. Ic i' »J^,!|
deep, and carries .Sliips ot f?-eat Burthen 1 iti'«™ ''
(t.,ck'd with FiOi, vvuhir. one D.iy'0''"f''^y, ''I '''',:■
There arc ui this Kivtr lifteen liiuilaiid i-^'. "'" *;
whith carries httceri Horh.s, and twenty Mtn, l^_^;'
N'CtvuU ai,d Manner* I'liK i> '!'« '»^'-"'* ,...::

Chap IF.

^Marco Polo. v. ^aW"

615

Lept there in Readiucls to carry an Army to any of the tlie Commander of the Tartars was called Baian Chinfaii,

llkiuis,'if they Ihoulil rtUI, or to any remote Region. Near that is to Iky, an hundred Eyes, and was much tcrrU

tlic Bank of the Kivcr, where thcfc Ships arc kept, is M \ wherefore, calling for the Commander of the Tar^

Coigaiait, and ovcr-againll it Sluanzu, one a great City, tar Army, thinking him to be the Man which tlic Allro*

the other a Imall oik. After you are paft that Kivcr, you logcrs fpokc of, fhe delivered the City unto hi/«, whiclj,

enter into the noble Kmgdoni of Mangi j but you mull being heard, the Citizens .-uid Inhabitants of the wholoi

not tliink that wc have lundlcd in Ocdtr the whole Pro- Province yielded to the Obedience of the Great Khan.

vince of Cathay, having not Ipokcn of the tv/ciitieth The Qiiecn was fent unto, the Court of the Gf:cat IClian,

Tart i for Mano Polo palfing by the laid Province, iiath and was moft honourably received by him, and maiiitaiiict

oiilyilcfcubca the Cities in his Way, Icwing thofe on both hku a Queen. And now wc will liieak of the Cities it\

I lands, aiul tliofe betwixt thefe, to prevent Tedioufntls, the Country of Mangi. Coigatt;en is a very fair a;id ricl\

and to avoid writing from hcar-fay. City, fituatc towards tlie South- lull and b'.aft, in the En-

io. The Province of Maugi is the richcft and moft fa- trance of the fjovince of I^M^gt, where arc alw^s great

mous that is founded in the liall ; and in /in. Dom. 1269, Numbers of Ships, being fluted on the River Caramot,

was governed by a certain King, called Faiifur, who was and a great Quantity of Nlirch^ndize is carried thither v

richer and mightier than any which had reigned tlierc in Salt is alio made there in Abundance. Proceeding from

an hundred Years, but a Man peaceable and charitable, fa
beloved of his Subjedts, that thereby, and by the Strength
of the Country, he fecmed invincible. It was from a Per-
fuaiton of this that the King„ as well as the People, loft
the life and Excercifc of War and Arms. All the City
was encompallcd with Ditches full of Water. He held in
Paj no Horlia, becaufe he feared Nobody -, and, in Pro-
cd's of lime, the King, betaking himfclf to Pleafure more
than was fit, employed his whole Time in Delights. He
nuintained about a thouiand Concubines, with whom he
pafied his Time in Pleafure. He maintained Juftice, and
prelerved Peace ; no Man durft olfend his Neighbour and
dillurb the Peace, for fear of fevere and impartial Punilh-
ment i fo that Artificers would often leave their Shops full
of Wares open by Night, and yet none would prefume to
go into them. Travellers and Strangers fafily walked Day
and Night through that whole Kingdom, fearing no
Man. The King himfclf aitu was merciful towards the
Poor, and did not overlook them that were opprelTcd with
Ncceffity, or punifhcd with Penury. Bolides, eveiy Year
he took up twenty thoufand young Infants, caft oHf by
their Mothers, who, through Poverty, were not able to
keep them, which he brought up, and put them, when
ftiey were grown up, to fomc Trailc, marrying the young
Mux with the Maids, which he had in like manner fo
educated •.

Cuifiai-Kban was of a different Difporuion from Fanfur,
and delighted vnly in Wars and Coiiquefts -, and to
miike hiiiilelf grca(, he levied an Army, of liorl'e and
Foot, and made one, named CI. in/an- Baian, i. e. an hun-
dred Eyes, General thereof, he therefore coming with his
Army and a Fleet to the Province of Mangi, iirll liim-
moned the City Coiganzu to yield Obedience to his Em-
peror, who refufed the fame 1 he departed without any
Affdult given (o the City, and required the fame of the fe-
cond City, which, likcwife rcfufing, he marched forwards
to die third and fourth, and received the like Anfwcr of
tliem ail ■, but he aftaulted the next with great Courage,
and vanquiihed the fame by Force, and flew every Crea-
ture of what Sex or Age foever therein, which fo frighted
and territied the reft, that they all prefently yielded. The
Great Khan fent out another great Army after the former,
with both which iVrmies he marched againft the chief
City Qutnfiii, where the King ol M'tngi rcfided, who be-
ing mightily terrified, as never having Icen any War, fled
with ills Wealth on board the Ships he had prepared, to
certain impregnable lllands in the Ocean, where he after-
wards died, committing the Cullody of the City of
^infii to his Wite, bidding her to ddend it as well as
fhi- could 1 for being a Woman, flic need not fear Death,
if Ihe was taken.

It is to bcobfcrvcd, that KinR Fanfur had been told by
his Diviners, that his Kingdom would nt.ver be taken from
him but by one which had an hundred Eyes, which the
Qiiecn knew, and thcefore was Hill in Hopes not to lofe
till- City however ftieightencd, tliinking it impoflibic for
one Man to have an hundred Eyes ; but one Day flic heard

Coiganzu, you ride towards the South-Eaft one Day's
Journey on a Stone Caufeway, on both Sides whereof aic
great Fences, with deep Waters, through which they may)
pafs with proper Vcflels •, neither is there any Entrance
into Mangi but by Shipping, excepting this Caufeway.

At the End of that Day's Journey is a City called
Paugbin, large «nd fair j the People make Stuffs of Gold
and Silk, are Merchants, and Idolaters. The Paper-Mo-t
ney of the Great Khan is received throughout die whole)
Country. It is plentiful in all NecefTarics of J^ifc. 'I'o
the City Cairn is from Patighin one Day's Journey Sauth*.
Eaft \ and this is alfo a famous City. The Country
thereabouts abounding with Fifli, Beafts, and Fowl, «fp«-^
cially Pheafants, are found in exceeding great Plenty, a»
large as Peacocks, of wliich you may have three for 4 A'f-
>utian Groat, Proceeding tariher from hcngc one Day*^
Journey, you come through a well manured, molt fruitiult
and well peopled Country, to the City Tingiii, whifh, tlio!
it be not over large, yet hath in it exceeding great Plant/
of V^itf^iials. They are Merchants, and have a vaft Rei
fort of Ships : There is Plenty of Beafts and Fowls. It i|
feattd to the Sputh-Eafl:, and on the Left-hand tpwards
the E^ft, three Days Journey olf the Ocean, and in the
Country between, are very many Salt-pits, and they
maice great Quantities of Salt. After this is Ci>igui, 9
great City, whence the Country is fumilhed with Salt,
whereof the Khan makes immenle Profit, almoft beyontj
Bclii'f : rh.y arc Idolaters, and have Paper-Money. From
Ciitgui, riding towaids the South-Eaft, you meet with
the noble City Jangiii, under the Government whereof
are other Cities , feven-and-twenty in Number i and in
that City refides one of the twelve Barons, which are Go-
vernors of Provinces, cliofen by the Great Khan ; they
are Idolaters, and live on Merchandize. They make
Arms and Harnels for War, and Mailer Mai\o had the
foie (jovcrnmeiu thereof, by Comniiinon, from tlie Greoj
Khan, three Years together, iiiltead of one of thefe Ba-
rons. Naugbin is a Province to the Weft, one of the
greateft and nobkll of ,T/w^) ; a Place of great Merchan-
dize i they are Idolartrs, hive none but Paper-Money,
have vaft Qiiantiiies ol Be.uls and Fowl, wild and tame.
They make Cloths of Gold and Silk, and are rich Mer-
chants, and tlie Country is very advantageous to the Khan,
efpecially by Cuiloms of Mercliandifc i there is likewifc
great Plenty of Corn.

Sianfu is a noble and great City in the Province of Man-
gi, and hath twelve rich and great Cities under her Jurif-
diction. They make great t^antities of Silks, and Cloths
of Gold, have Plenty of Game, Fowl, and all Things per-
taining to a City of Note ; fo ftrong that it was three
Years befieged, aiul could no tbe vanquiflied by the Army
of the Tartars, when the Province of Mangi was fLibdued,
for it is encompoffed on every Side with Lakes, that there
was no way to it but on the North ; fo that Ships came
and went, continually bringing Plenty of Vi,.'luals, which
not a Uttle afflifted the Great ^Kliaii. The two Brethren,
Mafter Nialo, and Mafter Maffio, then in his Court, hear-

lartar ( .entral, tncntionrd by <';.r AiliKor ; but ilieii thtv give him quite another Namr. i-iz. Pt Vm ; but what tlic Sigmficaiion ol that is,
mforiniU Reader. He is r.iiil to h.ne tonim.indcd .in Army of two hundred thouUr.d Men. with the p.-.ne Eafe ;i>; il vt had b^cn only a Imull LoUy
of TiiHjpf, and tti liave ILch n I'u ^'i:M Muilf lly in the Midll of liis toiiiiucib, as never •ntc to hive
kercnJeied ty his Mil'.ei.

.iluej liinilelfon tiie mmy and great iervicc

1I)$

i!i

hM:1

: !o;j!:'ti:

ill

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i'w''

I i i

6i6

I'hc / ' O r.l a E S an J TR A V E I. S feouk I

: 1

I '

thrreof,

liim, ami otlVrrd him tluir SVrvicp, Cifir* ami t'.iO!;'

I^Um-r ami ar lull fo,ne ,„ r„.
I lair Lay. Abumim^ *nhai]kwdu

When H.iiun CHh/.w,, (Inicral of the Arinv , , t'
T.iriaru cwiqntrai tlic ruivin.c ot .V/j;.-,, l,^ i.„, ^
Chrtlhan. callal .-/A|;„, anainll ihc City. *hichNv«dj£
wallal 1 mu. the Inner they r,-irul, ,„,„ ,hf otV-h^
„f/.«»»Knteicd,an(ltounil thncalnimiancL-ot VVinf *liro,
after a bad Journey, they licgan to diiiik folaHv ih!
they were all drunk, and the Citizens in their Sletn ' J

^..,... ...^ B n. , — <l*"'y ••'ll'nR "P"" 'heni, llrw them all, not one fi,-i'-^nT

ailoniftictl, and yielded thcmlclves, and Iwaiiie luhjid f.» hw liaim hearing this, lint another iV"t Army j'mnlt
the Grrat Khan, on the fame C'ondiiioin with thr irlt of thofc Citizens, which in a Ihort Spai-e of I'ime vjn'qurihiM
Mangi, to the great Repute of the two I'tnttian Brethren, the Cuy, in Revenge, put them all to tiic Sword, |p.ivt!
the one the Author's I'ather, and tlie othrr h^ Uiule none alive. '1 he great and excrllent Citv Smunw\iv^

From the City of Sianfu to a certain City tailed .V/»jf«f, in Circuit twenty Miles : Multitudes ol I'eoplc arc m -
: accounted fifteen Miles Soiith-eailward, which, altho* it hath many rich Merchants, and indiilVrimis Artificrr

fiereor, went
fudcvrfe certain l'.np,ines, alter the Manner ol the Weif, tmgut^ a preat am
.dile to fhoot a Stone of th'cc hii'ulreil Weight, thetel>y to I'mvifions
kill Men and ruin 1 loiifc!. 'IV Khan ap|K)iirtnl C ar|Kn-
trr5, which were l^fjiorian Chnltiiiis, who n\a»le three of
fhefe EnRinrs in a ihort Sjwe, whu h were proved before
him, and by Ships lent tnhis Army. IM.intinnthein there-
fore againft the City Sianfu, they l^cRan to call Krrat
Stones into the City v and the tul>, lallinp, upon a ( crtain
Houle, broke the moll part of it with the Violem c tlureol,
which the beficgcil Inhabitants feeing, were v.iy much

arc

It is not very large, yet ha> a prt)iti^;ioi.s NumlKr ot Shii<«,
being featcil upon the f^reatell Kiver in the World, called
i^«/(;«, the Breadth of which in li'iuc Flairs is ten Mile% in
others eight, and in many fixj but the Length thenof ex-
fcndcth above an hundird Days Journey from the Source ol
it to the Sea. Inniuticrable other Rivers (low iiWu it, which
rtm through divers Regions, and are navi(j;able \ and thefe
make it lb great, that increilible Ciiiantities of Men handi/.e
arebmughtby this River. There ate alio many tdlirr Citii«,
in Number about two hundred, which patticipate of the
Advantages of this R.ver, lor it tuns thiough the Ikiunds
of fixtccn Provinces. 'Ihe grcajrll I »imin(Kliiy is Salt,
wherewith all the Cities which conununicate by theic Wa-
ters arc lupplied. Mailer Marto law at une tune at ilHJ^ni
five thoufand Vclllls and yet other Cm .^ on {hf River
have more \ all thele Ships are covered, aiul have but one
Mall, and one Sail, and ul'ually carry four thouland, and
fo upwards, fbme of thrm twelve thouland f^'fifti.i d.inliiri \
neither do they ufc Cordage ol I limp, <M.*pt fur the
Mall ami Sail, btit have Canes lilteen I'ani lim|.f, whith
tlicy fpht into thin Fans from one Knd lo the oiIht, and
binding the cut I'arts together, and wieathmi' them, make
scry long Rojie?, fo that l()me ot them coiiiam ilitei hun-
dred Fithom in IxrngtJi ; and thole Ro|hs ate at llrangas
lienip, and fcr>'c tor Halles and Cable* to ihaw tin n Ships
up and down the Rivir, cai h N'cllcl havinj', ten m twelve
\ lorfes lor that Furjiofe.

On that River, in many Places, are rcx.ky llill«Hk<, on
wliich are built Monallcries to tlicir Idols, and all the way
arc Vallics and Placis inhabited. (.<>yw^)r ihe moll pan
to Cambaiu; tor they rats thither by Ijkis aiul Rivers,
and by one hf -c CatuI, wh.eh the Khan caulr d to be nuvle
for a Pa<!'.i;e fro n one Kivir to another, and iiom .Wj«j{/
to Cauhnlii, witliout goin^ to Sea i wimh Woik is licau
tiful and w<,iH!erful lor the Sight and I .eiip.tli, and more for
the Pr'-iu wlLfhattnifS thereby to the Cities. He hath
made ail) gnat Cauleways to go on laind by thcle Wateis
commixlioully. In the nmUl ot tin I lul Rivri is m\ Illaml, ur
RiKk, on whiL.'i is eiei^Uil a great I'emple .tnd Monalteiv,
in which arc two hundred idolatnius Monk*. Cinf^biDHJu is
a City ot Afaiigi, iich in MrrchaiHii/e, phniitui of dame,
having all kind ol wild Bf.ilU and bowl, and of Viilual. In
it arc two Churches of Nejtonan Chnlliain, l.iiili//, /J. i J74,
when the (ircat Khan lent a (jovernor thitlirr, A.'ar.'aibii,
a N(jhrian, who liialt thciii. From the tity (.inf^hioMju,
in three Days Jwirney South eallward, yoti lind many

and It hath alio very many Phylicians and Magicur<, ar.j
wife Men, or Philofophcrs. In the Mountains of tihs'l-v
Rhubarb and (jinger grow in great Plenty, Thisci-v
hath lixteen Cities umler the Junfdidion tiierrof, in uci
ol whieh much Trade is carried on, aiui many curious Arts
arc cxerciled, many forts of Silk arc matie thrre. T.C
Woril Sin^ui lignihes the City of tlie Kanh : Alio they
have another City which they call '^tinl\ii, that ,% to Ia

the t ity of Heaven. From 5(/r_ev;,'jt the Diilaiicc e i ,-,c
Day's Journey, is /'</?/«, where i-> .iiroalnimU.tot Silk,
and able Artificers, with many other Merchants, .isi!i;rs
are in neneial in all the C itics in fins Cotintiy.

II. In a Journey of three Days you hul Cities, (.a!llj<,

and Villages, well peopled, niul rich. The I'topij
Iilolaters, under the lX)miiiioii ot the (ireai Khan. Atti.;
I'jid of thele Days you come to .'^»<;,'/ 0;, it. theCuvu!
I leaven, which for the Fxccllentv tlicr.ot hath tha; .Vn,,-;
for in the Woild there is not th<- like, or a I-'hce, in wi:if.i
are (ouiid fo many Plealures, tii.u a Man woul.i think );•.
were in Paradit'e. In th.is City our Author y.c.ra /'j
hath ipticii bftn, and conlidtred the lame with j^icit Uiii-
gcnce, obferving the whole State thiicof, littin^' ilwn
the lame in his Memorials, as hcie trom thcni Ih.iUtro.-
dared briefly. This City, by common Kcport, is .w hun-
dred Miles in Ciii lilt. 'l"he i>t:.et.> and 1 ai.i-j arc vtty
long, ami very wide ; there are Market-phics ixcmhr.^;
lari'e ; on the one Side a ilear I-ilic of frelh Water, t". ii;c
other a great River, whu li eiitirs in many I'lans, and
carries away all the Ultli of the City, and fo niniifth ip'-j
that 1 jke, thence tontiiuiiir' its Coiirfe into tht; Oirir,
1 hii C'o'.rle ol Water i aiifeth a pood Air, anil commodi-
ous l'alVai;e both by Land, and by tholi' CanaN. I\rf
may go lx)tli Carts and Barks to c.irry Ncccfl'ani-s •, amliia
Re|i«jitis, that there are twelve thouland Bridges, great mI
tmall, and thole on the chit fCli.umeLs arc fohit;n, than
Ship without her Malls may paU under, .iml at die l'ar~
time C hariotJ anil 1 lurlb pais over it. On thi- ctiitr Si:(
the City IS a large Canal forty Miles long, which tndub
It on that Side, large and full of Water, from th? I<;v"
made by the ancient Kings ol that I'loviiice, Ixth to r»a:v
the Ovirllowing of the Watir, and l-rfliilcs that to tort :v
the City, the Pauth which was taken uut being laui wit.':;:'.
as a Bank or Mill eiiconipaiTing if.

There arc ten great Market-pl.ii ;r, hcfidesothirsx;:-
great Street.^ which are li.]uarf, hall .1 Mile in each Sqwrc,
am't Ifom the ( ireat J''.ntrance is a piincipal .Strcit, tw
P.u I •, wide, running ri^ht Irom one JjiJ ot the City lu'.i'.t
other, with many Bridges crolling it, and every tour .\h«

Thi» luptfnfd tht VearUfott .l>t Drjih or li.e Imjwiot /,,.r,.»r. »m! .11 jbout four Vcan more aM hii Cl.ilJrtn. w ho fucccttld o« ;f"

*ita>>, mill ftnl by ihrir

m. St the Awe nl eleven . , .

(creed to in I ngu{;emcia by lh.it of lUV'-'s"

the otier to iiie tinp.re, peoftitd. 1 1.* fctrt w«> itktii iSiloini by ilir7*ifrtr<, iiiiJ ftnl bv ihem into the.r own loun:;,^'. whrie hcdxJ :i'-t--
tirity. The fecond »m dtivrn lo ('«/</>, who* lit ilirl of « Cijiiluiii()l»>n, >( the Age o! eleven Veau The thiul, v.hoie Nime lus . 'Tt.
iuv:ng loft all h.i Country, w.v. obliged lo liJ-c Keluue <;ii Biwnl Hit 1 Itit, «hich was purfued, .iiii
When the t*. . . > v.- ., . . ^ . > ..• »™

with

ihen the t*. •/■,.- Lord, «ho had ihc I »it ol ihe J-'mj^toi'v IViIom, I.Hind hi> Wdel imroundet;, he i(rf)k ihc younj; iimte in hi> Arnii, aiiJ,'i»t'-
ithhim into the Sea. 'I Kelmciel. Iremg ib» I41I0I hti xxm Ihui unlni (iily dtllioyed, fol.oweii iiit f.iir, and ilue* l.tiltil alio ulo the >" .'■''
hole ><iuidni. of the (.'/,/«-» Heel for<td * I'llUgf Ihiounh lliat iil the IwHn, but wa-. adenv.m!. iltlliovrJ b» a leniiell. u liul iiui a ^ "i'' •
a Man efcired o( the whole Njvy ; and the (./(.,/, Wnirtt Uy, that there per, Died in Ihe wholti a hm.dred thouland Men I he Lofiol th..^. ■
<pM an Iml to ihe C'.,»,/, Knipiie. and leli the l»,ni,i luully Mailer, ol the who'e Coumiy , ,.

' '1 hi> l>ic:i('tiun of ihe Cuy ol '.11 j, hat m. jlionrd mmiv Ku'eflioiii \i\A>^\ cmr Amhur, ;u if unlini; of Counli.c> :\t lu great ai'i:.*'''"' ;;
to k the Iilrrtj ol imjiodng on hii Redden the I nlioio nl hii linaKu.aliui.i lor the I aM which he had feeii L'ndei ihi liiii)i.tJiioiilie^' ■'■^•J
linn LUuted, elpeciaJIv with luth :., were dtfuoui ul iivmnUinitig ihc Repm.ilioii > t Lgau.ui ii,.l tenelratinjj Pewjilc i bu: In itptKi x\x *.te-^'
tiJi Author ha' Jul ii.c better ol all lurh liilimuti.ii!, aid the KoUiioni givi n by the l'.>tu^yr~r. and other A',.,1,^^/1', wi.i'wf' """'"'"'' ''^
covery ot ibt Rir^e by tlie Cf, ,/(,W lltft. h.>r pit 11 out o) J„ubl that hr did not invent any I'aii ol hi. Relation, but ici.nciac- tinng.M
ihey api^cvied t; him. ihou;;h tett-iiMly w.th lewci ^ iik,iiim»ine., and Id. .•inutaiy than luvtetJing lianilti-, w.'u had iU'.r<: fune to M
and ^rcattr (.'apatitiO tor delci.bii'g wtwl they law

Chap. n.

^ Marco Polo.

6iy

is found fuch a Markft-Place, two Miles, as is faid, in
Compels. There is alio one large Canal, which runs
againll the faid Street behind the Market-places, on the
next Bank whereof is created great Store-houfes of Stone,
where the Merchants from India, and other Parts, lay up
their Merchandize, being at Hand, and commodious for
the Market-places. In each of thefe Market-places the
People meet three Days in a Week, to the Number of
between forty and fifty thoulanil, who bring thither all
things that can be defined for Man's Life, Bcafts, Game,
and Fowls, that Lake yielding fuch Advantages for bring-
ing them up, that for a Venetian Groat you may have
two Geefe, and four Ducks for the fame. Then follow
the Butcher-rows, of Veal, Beef, Kid, and Lamb, which
the great and rich Men eat i for the Poor eat all the Oflfal,
and unclean Meats, without Refpeft. There are all forts
of Herbs and Fruits continually, and amongft the reft huge
Pears, weighing ten Pounds apiece, white within like
Parte, and very fragrant. Peaches yellow and white, very
delicate. Grapes gtow not there, but are brought from
other Places dried ; very good Wine alfo, but it is not
elletmed in thofc Parts as with us, that of Rice and Spices
contenting them. Every Day from the Ocean is brought
up the River, which is the Space of five and twenty Miles,
great Quantities of Fi(h, bcfidcs that of the Lake, lb much
that a Man would think would never be bought, and yet in
a few Hours all is gone. All thefe Market-places are en-
compaffed with \v\h Houfes, and underneath are Shops for
Artihcers, and all lorts of Merchandize, as Spice, Jewels,
Pearls, and in fomc only Rice- Wine. Many Stieets anfwcr
one to another in the faid Market-places ; in foi'ie of them
are many cold Baths, accommodated with Attendants of
both Sexes, a thing to which from Children they ufe them-
felves. There are Chambers alfo in the fame Baths, with
hot Waters for Strangers, which are not accuftomed to the
cold Waters j they wafli every Day, neither do they eat
before they have waihed.

In other Streets arc mercenary Proftitiites, in fuch Num-
bers, that I dare not report it, and not only near the Mar-
ket-places, where they have their Places appointed, but
through all the City -, they (land pompoufly adorned with
rich Perfumes, many Servants, and their Houfes finely fur-
nilhed. Thefe are very fkilful in making Sports and Da-
liances, and contriving Pleafures for raviihing Men out of
themfelves. In other Streets arc the Phyficians, the Ailro-
logers, they whicli teach to read and write, and infinite
other Trades. At each End of every Market-place is a
Palace, where Lords and Governors are appointed by the
King to determine Difficulties which happen betwbct
Merchants and others, as alfo to look to the Guards on the
Bridges, punilhing fuch as are negligent. Along the prin-
cipal Street on both Sides are great Palaces with Gardens,
and near them Houfes of Artificers, and fuch Multitudes
of People confbntly going to and fro, that a Man would
wonder whence fuch Multitudes could be provided with
Viftuals •, and Mafter Marco learned of an Officer of tliC
Cuftom-houfe in Quinfai, that by a very accurate Compu-
tation, it appeared, the daily Expcnce of Pepper in ^infai
was three and forty Soma, and every Soma is two hundred
and twenty-three Pounds. Hence may be gucfll-d the
Quantity of Viduals, Flclh, Wine, and Spices, were there
fpent. The Inhabitants are Idolaters, ufe none but Paper-
Monry, are of a very fair Complexion, apparelled for the
moft part in Silk, which grows in all that Territory abun-
dantly, befides that which is brought from other Places.
There are twelve principal Companies or Corporations, each
of which have one thoufand Shops, and in each Shop or
Standing arc ten, fifteen, or twenty Men at Work, and in
fomc forty under one Mafter.

The rich Tradcfmen do not work with their Hands, but
ftand in their Shops, well, or rather pompoufly drefled, efpt. -
ccially their Wives, with Jewels invaluable. And altho' their
old Kings ordained, that the Child fliould be of the Father's
Trade, yet the Rich are permitted not to work at it, but
to keep Shop, and Men working in the fame Trade.
Their Houfes arc well built, and very richly furnilhcd with
Pidurcs and other Ornaryents of immenle Price. The
Natives arc peaceable, know not how to manage Arms,
nor kiep them in their Houlls, neither is there Strife and
Numb. 42.

Debate amongft them. They exertifc their Trades with
Ifrcat Sincerity. They live in lijch Amity, that one Streci:
Icems as one Moufe, without Jealoufy among their VVivi*.
which thty hold in great Refpeft, and it would be reputed
" Rfcat Dilgracc to (peak a difhoneft Word to a marriecj
Woman. They entertain foreign Merchants kindly, bofli
in their 1 Joules, and with bcft Advice for their Aftairs i bit
they are nut ovcrfond of the Soldieis, and Guards of the
Grand Khan, becaufe by them deprived of their natural Lortl J
and Kings. About the Lake arc very fair Buildings, and
great Palaces of the principal Men, and Temples ot their
Idoli, with Monafteries of many Monks. In the midlt of
the Lake are two Wands, upon each of which is a Palacej
with incredible Numbers of^ Rooms, whither they relort
ujwn Occafion of Marriages, or other Feafts, where Pro*
yifions of Vellels, Linnen, and other things are maintained
in common, for fuch Purpolrs, one Hundred fomctime*
accommodated at once, in feveral Rooms. In the Lake
alfo are Boats and Barges for Pleafure, adorned with fair
Seats and Tables, and other Provifions for a Banquet, co-
vered above, and flat, upon which Men ftand with Poles
to pufli the Boat on, the Lake being but Ihallow : Witiiin
they arc paiiitcil, without are Windows to open and Ihut
at PIcnI'ure ; nor can any thing in the World fecm more
plcafant than in this Lake, to have fuch various Objcdh, the
City fo fully prefcnting itfelf to the Eye, with ib many
Temples, Monafteries, Palaces, Gardens, with high
'i'rccs, and on the Water Barges and People ; for their
Cuftom is to work one Part of the Day, and to IpenJ
fome Part in this Divtrfion with their Friends, or with Wo-
men on 'he Lake, or elfe in Chariots, riding through the
City, w.'i.vi, is alio another of the i^iinfiy Pkallires ; for
all the titiCJts are paved with Stone, as alio are ail the
Highways, in the Province of Mangi, only for the Ftx)t, Polls
arc left on the Side a Space unpavcd : T"hc principal Street
ot i^injiy is paved ten Paces on each Hand, and in the
midlt it IS full of Gravel, with PalTages ibr the Water,
which keep it always clean.

In this Street are innumerable long clofe Chariots, ac«
commodatctl with Cloths and Culhions of Silk for fix Per-
fons, who divert themfelves in the Street, or go to the
Gardens, and there pafs the Time in Bowers, fine Walks,
tff. which are kept lor that Purpofc, and return at Night
in the fame Chariots. When a Child is born, the Father
fets down the cxaft Point of Time, and with that Note
goes to the Aftrologer, to confult of his future Fortunes j
of thclc Aftrologcrs arc a great Number in every Market-
place. Thefe People will not celebrate a Marnage with-
out fuch Confultation. When one dies that is or Note,
the Kindred cloath themfelves in Canvas, and lo both
Men and Women accompany him to the Burying- Place,
playing on Inftrumcnts, and finging all the Way Prayers
to their Idols, and being come to that Place, caft into
the Fire many Pajwrs of Cotton, whereon are painted
Slaves, Horlt's, Camels, Stufl^s of Gold, and Silk, and Mo-
nies, which they think he (hall really poffcfs in another
World, and make a grand Concert of Mufick in Con-
ceit of the Joy wherewith the Idols there receive his Soul,
where he beginncth, ns they fancy, to live anew. In every
Street arc Towers of Stone, to which, when in Danger of
Fire, they uli: to carry their Gods, their Timber-Houfes
being very liibjeft to fuch Cafualries. The Khan hath
ordered, that on the moft of the Bridges, Day and Night,
there Hands under a Covert, ten Soldiers, five by Day,
and live by Night, and in every Guard-Room isaTalernacie
of Wood, with a great Bafon, whereby they know the
Hours of the Day and Night, which at every Hour's end
the Wurilers ftrike, to fignify what Hour, One, Two,
i^c, beginning at the Sun-rifing •, and then again, at the
beginning of the Night. They walk up and down, and if
any have a Light or Fire after the appointed Time, they
caule hiin to anfwcr it before the Jullices, or Governors
aforefuid, or if any walk later.

It any be not able to work, they carry him to fomcHofj i-
tal, of which arc exceeding many, founded by the old
Kings, with great Revenues, through the City : When
they are well again, ihey are conipsllcd to work. If a Fire
happen, thefe Iriim diverlV Places come to and qiiinch ir,
and to lariy tliv Goi'ils to ulie Ifi-iri]'.:, or thjle Tcwers ;
/ .S tur

11 M

■1^

'< . I

ill

Hit '

6i8

The r or AGES and TRAVELS

Book I.

: J, •

. «'

. \f>

lor in tlif Nii^ht none of tlif Citizftu r«re go out, but
fhole who ar( in Dangfr. Thf Khan always kifp hrrc a
Bo ly ot hii bf ll arul moft faithlul Soliticry, a^hnni^ilif bell
and richdt I'l.uc in the World. U'ithiii a MjIc o» cacli
othfr, are built Kain|arn (t Wood, where the Unie
Precaution* are ufeil tor like I'urpoles. When the Khan
h.id rcJucnl all Mattp to his OKiiience, he divided it,
being httorc but one Kin^'Jom, into nine I'arts and fit
them a Vice- King ovtr each, wl.o there adminilltr* Ju-
Ikiic. F.very Year they give Account to the Khan's Ofh-
rrr% of the kevcnucs, aiul other Acrulents, and every third
Year arc cli.irged, a-; *^\\ other Oilicrn are. Une ot
ihfic IVpiny King? is rclidcnt at i;;M/»/'7» *'''''* ^'<»"
vernor o» alx.ve one hundred and toity Cities, all rich and

feeing

t!ir Ijkes, anii there leaving their (iirmcnts, ramt Uk
naked, ami tril to lwiminiii{» in ttic Kmi-'s i',,|
Sometimes he would eat a ftimiuct in iholc Uroru \t'
fcrved by thole IJanifds, without cincc thiiikinB o/Afl"'"
which Jweet Meat coll liim the lour S'lrr ve

"g 01 Armi,

All this Wis told nic l,y a n. ', ..lu iMcrclui.t ot %2!,
while I was there, one who h.id brtn taniilur wi«, K?
f4»r/«r, aiid knew all his l.iie, and had ken thitl'^k^
llourifliinp, into which he would necils hrini^ mc.

'I'hc Virrrr.y now rcfulcs there, awl tl)c'tirtl"Gjller.r
rennain as they were, but the Daniliis Chamlien are ruia'
cd. The Wails alfo which cncomplTrd the Woods inj
Itardcns, arc fallen to the ( irouiul, the Bcalls and Trctj bore
gone, .-uid all the other Ornanicnts ililkroyed. Twenty
five Miles hoin i^utnjay is the Ocean, between the Eat
and North-l''.al>, neat which h adiycallr' 'j'aiwj/, j,,

great : Nor let this be eftcemed a Wonder, Iceing in

jV/./fff/ there .ire twelve thoufuid Cities, all inhabited by ^^

rich "and induftrious I'eopie, in one of which the Khan r xcrllcnt I'ort, where arrive the Wm;: Ships with M:tch«.'

naintaineili a (iarrifon, projxxtioiiable to the CJreatnels diidc. While A/<ir<-a /^c/,; was in ij^«,Ayjv, Account beiiw

and (Vcalions, one thoufand. ten, or twenty thoularLl, not given lo the graml Khan of the RevcMics, and thcNunv

all Tardus, but Catlsnani ; tor tlic lartan are Horfrmen, bcr of Inhabitants, he hath leen that there lnvc been in-

and krcj) in luch Places as may be fit Co excrcife their rolled one hundred fixy Toman of Kites, reckoning for ,

Horlcs. Into Ga/^.:v he Icndi thofc of Man}^i, and Cd- Fire the Family dwelling in one fioulci every loirja

iltiiiHJ hiilicr, luih as are fit Jor Arms, ot which he

makes choice every third Year, and fends them for (o«ir

or five Years together, into Places twenty Days Journry

♦rom then own Country, and then fuHeis them to return

Home, a trelh Body lurcenhnf, ; and molf I'art of the

Kh.in's Rrvinues arc this Way expiuied, and if any Ci-

ty rebel, he fuddcniy from the next liarrifon complcs an

Army to n-dine or dcftroy them. 1 he City ot i^uinjny

hath in cotilfant (iamlbn thirty thoufami Soldiers, ami

that whuh liath lealf. hath one tiiotUand regular Troops,

Horle ami Foot iii Gauilbn '.

I come next to fpeak of the Palace of King /'jx/or.

IJis PredcvclVors cauled to be cnclolKl a Place ot ten

Miles Circuit, with high Walls, and divided it into three

I'arts. Tlut in the midft was encred by one Ciate on the

one Side, and on the other were great .tnd large Ciallerios,

(he Ko«>f iullaincd by Pillars, painted and wrought in

pure Gold, and tine Azurr. 'Ihcli: were fmaller at the

F.ntiy, and the lurther the greater, the faireft at the Faid ;

the Kool richly aiiomcd svith Oold, and on the Walls

were pamtcii the Stories of the former Kings done very

cirgamly. l.vcry Year, on crrta;:i Idol Holidays ^««-
/ur kceits his Court, and fealls his principal l^rdi, the

great Nlcfciunts and rich Arliljccis of i^«»/4{y. Ten
ihouland are at a Time under tiu-lc Teraces. I his flail-
ing endu.ed tvn iiT twelve Days with incredible Magnifi-
ccncr, ivtr> (iuell endeavouring to prefcnt himlclf m
greaicll Pomp. Bclund th" mariilc Buikling was a WaiJ,
which dividnt tlic Palace, in which were, as it were a
Cloilbr With Pillars, ludaining the Icracc round about the
Cioillcr, wjierrin were Cluml)cr, for tin King and (^ueen,
» uriouiiy wiou;;lit. Irom this Cb.ller was an hi;trancc into
a Ijalicty fix Paces wide, extending in Lengtii to the
l^kc, all covered. On each Side of this Gallery were
irn Courts, aiiiwcring to each other like Cloillcrs, each
Coui: having liity Cliambtrs, with their Gardens, and m
tt.cni ore i.-.ouund C oncubines abotlc, which the King
l.vpt lor his Service, who fomct:nics with the Queen,
l«fiv.nnu s V, ith them, went in his Koyal Barge, on the Lake,
for k. creation, or to vilit hu Idol I'cmples. The other
two Pa;:$ ot the Scragiio were divided into Grove, I^es
and ( lardciis, planted with 1 recs, in which were inclofal
all Sorts of bealh, Roe-Butk?, Stags, llarts. Conies, aikl
tiiert I lie King diverted hiinltit witli his Uamlels ui Ch»-
iMU, or on Horl(:back, no M^n entering there. There
li.e LaJics iiuntc-l with his IJogs, and when weary, they
went into thole Groves, whiih uilwcred one anotiier over

'■«ry loiraj
contains ten thouland, which makes lixtcen him.lrcd thou-
fand Families, of all which there is but one Ch rch oi'
Chrillians, and thole St/titrinni. I'.very I iouihoidet u
bound to have written over his Door the NaiWi of hij
whole Houfliokl, Mak-s and lenialc;; alio the .Numba
of llorfcs, the Names atlilcd or blurted out as the l'',miilT
increafeth or liecreafcth •, and this ib ofLiva' m all tncLV
IKS of Miiti^i and Cathay. Thole alto that ka'plnns wnie
in a Ikxjk the Names of their '-lUelLs aii.l the Uava,i(i
1 lour of their Departure, which liooks tlity lend ■iija
tlie Lords, or Magiilrates, who prclide at the Market-
Places. In Matigi, tlic Poor which are not able to bnng
up their Children, Icll them to the Rich. The Rcvicuti
which accrue to the Kh.'n from iilmnjr.y, and the other
Cities pertaining thereto, being the Ninth Part of the king-
tlom of Mangt, arc tirll of Salt, every 'i ear, eignt To-
nians ot Gold, every Toman Ls eighrv r'.rml'and Saui'sof
(iold, and every Saxzi is niorr tlun one Fiuruict GoU,
which will amount to fix Millions and lo,:- liLr.dreil thou-
land Ducats. The Caufe is, that that I'ruvince lier.g
nigh the Sea, there are many l^kfs, where ti.c Wata
in Summer is coagulated into Salt, wherewith five other
Kingdoms in tliat Country arc lers'ed. There is plenty ot
Sugar growing, which y>i)', a^ iikewif!; all Spices do, to
Parts, ami a thiid in the Hundred: I'he like ot R;i?,
Wine. Alio thole twelve Coinpatues, \vli;ch we fai.: hjJ
twelve thouliuui Shops, and the Mirrthar.ti winch i;nr.g
Goods hither, or cany any hence bv Sea, pay the iime
Price. They which come Irom remote Countries anJ Re-
gions, as for bxamplc, from the Indus, piv I'c:! p
Ltnl. Ljkcwill- all things there breeding, as 3-alls, I'i
growing cm of the Larth, and Silk, p.iy li:hc nvt
King, and the Computation being nuile in the I'relence
of Matter 3;«rr«, bcfidcs Salt tK'fore-mcniioncd, yt-lv i-
mounts to two hundred and ten ioina:is, wtijchwiiiuc
lixtcen million eight hundred ihouliind Ducits in Gon:-,
A Day's journey from ^injiay tu the South-Halt, are,
all the Way," Floules, Village-,; 't..ir Garilens, and Pi.v.ty
ot Viduals; at the Lnd whereof is fapiiizn, atinetity,
in the |urildi(fti(-n of i:lui>:jjy. Three Days tlifWf.
Souih-F.alt, is Ufuiu, and two l>ays lardieryoii maylliUnue
that Way, lindi'ng C;Ullcs, Cities, ami well cultiV-iiM
Places, in luch a Neighl»urho<xl that they la-mto In-
veikrs all or.c City, and are all in the Jurildiawn of
llHUi/ayi there arc great Canes titteen Pa.cslonginJ W
Palnifc thick. Two Days lourney larther is the City U'-
gui, lair and lar^-* ; and travelling larther South-luit, rt

» Tilt 7,i./..r; vif.bl,v liepcmlrj opon a roiiiiaxv Koite f>,f tl>« Picfer¥«tioa of lhn» Kropiff in C/'«»«, which whether it »» an rie;1 of tJic.-o«»
lolic>, om pjit of the ( /n/z/SjllrinQf (Juvcrnmciu, whitii Uicy iUivpttti, ii uoctrUiii ; but ii i, mjll jxobjblc ihjt it ttii^i"^ l-i"'' "'' "

Vrmy, ami havi. g

. . - — , -Jiitii they iJivpttti, ii uoctrUiii , — .. , -

i; «V3i (ir n (wgh fion. .nfwrnnj; ihe FiiJ, fut ihe Ta'iar Korce* Gecoroini; t nteer ftanJiug Army, ami havi. g n(ithi:ig ti) <lo b.
I iVtliiiiK,! , f II,.,- I'r.,li(rioii, Ihe Soul of which ii an »elive Stile i ihfy foci. .!»;.rn«Mtrtl, ami brcMiie M f-fl JnJ rffemina^e 11 thr ' ;■-.:•"'. [^,
h.ttt, Jlun«-;o<J by lic U,n, Conqueil, iiji|><)vcrilh"a bv erKiuring the (Jurtliai ol f*h a numcroiu Arinv, »ni jbovc ail, tiuglil lie >•''■■""
l«t.v b> U.C Ivuot it bcg.into(urm l)cln;'.: (or bringing about a new ktvoluiion, *hichalljll th«y weicio lucky as 10 ciTrei .,,„.|'.

riirie ;'. rtiCJMn n.i^l.i very wcl jpj*.,! (.1. mJreJ il„y J,,!, ibfoluicly irnrf.tlblc, ai a Time when llirre v.3^ not lu iiiiiih .;i an '''"''■ ,,','j
fr,-y\ta ar,J ir^'jiiy fcnnl (. r^oiry lie.ond ih* I imitjof f,rAa, rccrin-d inionglhc /»«»/./.,. A« ihe Ci^/'-werf-inn^J. »""'■'"*''•"' ^^,
tl.i'.l; of our .\U..ixr5, nfrfn ur came hrll anmr.gil them, I.) I'hr Hrll t\tv,i vl lucli an Impirr aj (>r,-«, (o eKIrimvc, lo «cll |«op.rif, '"»" '
guicrnft!. md m |.) f»jurti>ung a Coi.iiuion. Biu-t iced, aikjiuft m noi a htile .UmiJii..! l« the Utalt Aciiouati ot ilu> tor'"' '" "
A-Miunt fj f.Jiy Miilto. btc/liuj amuallv

PlKti

Chap. II.

0/ M A R c o Polo. • aV^

6r9

Placw full of People anti TmiIcs \ ami in this Part of
Miin^i arc no Slicci?, but Bctvi rs Bullaloej, Goats, unci
Swiiii; in (^rcat Plenty. At tiic Lml of four Days joiir-
ncy t.irther is tiic City Zengi,in, built on a Hill in the
Midll of a River, which, ilividinj; into two Branches, en-
comiiailes it, anil then runs one to the South-Eaft, the
other to the North-Wrtf. This City is in the JurilUic-
tion of ^inftii, atid its Inhabitants arc Merchants, alio
ami Idolaters •, this Country alwunds with di Sorts of
Game. Three Days Journey from thence, tiirough a moll
plcalint Country, exceeding well inhabited, Ifands Gieza,
a great City, wliiciiis thelall of the <^tt/«/<n Kingdom •, af-
ter which you enter into another Kinijdom of Mangi,
called CoiKbai the princifxil City thereof is Fugiu, by
which you travel fix Days Jounicy South-Eail, through
Hills and Dales, always finding Places inhabited, and
Plenty of Game, of Bealh, and Fowl •, they arc Idolatcts,
Merchants fubjcft to the Khan. There are lloiit Lions :
and here grow Ginger, and Galingale in great Plenty, with
other Sorts of Spices ; eight Pounils of Ginger are fold for
a Vtnetion Groat. There is an Herb, whofc Fruit hath
the EfTeit, and gives the Colour and Smell of Saffron, but
is not SatVron, which is ufed in their Meats. They com-
monly eat Man's FIcfli, ff the Perfons die not of Sicknefs,
as better taftcd than others. When they go into the
Field, they (have to the Ears, and paint their Faces with
Azure ; tliey fervc on Foot, cxcrpt the Captain, who
rides, and ulcs a Sword and Lance \ they are very cruel,
and when they kill an Enemy prcfcntly drink his Blood,
and afterwards eat his I'lclh.

After fix Days Journey is ^elinfu, a great City with
tliree Britlges, each eight Paces broad, and above an hun-
dred long : riic Women fair and delicately IhajK'd. They
iiave abundance of Silk and Cotton, are great Merchants,
have I'lenty of (iingcr and Galingale. 1 was told, but
fiw them not, that they have Hens without Feathers,
hairy like Cats, which yet lay I'pgs, and are gooil to eat.
Here arc many Lions, which make the Way very dan-
gerous. Alter three Days Journey, you arrive in a popu-
lous Country, inhabited by idolaters, who make abundance
of filk Manufaduries, the chief City is Unguent, where is
great Plenty ot Sugar, lent thence to C>mba!u, which they
knew not how to make good till they became fubjeit to
tt'.e Khan, in whole Court were Babdoniam, which taught
thcin to refine it with Alhes of certain Trees, they only
boiling it before into a black Paftc. Fifteen Miles farther
lies Langiu, ifiil in the Realm of Concha, and here the
khan kcejis an Army in Rcadincfs tor a Guard of the
Country. 1 hrough this City pafies a River a Mile broad,
lairly built on both Sides, and abounding with Ships carrying
Sugar, and other Lading. I'his River difembogucs from
hence five Days Journey South-Ealt at Ztietum, a Sea-
port, from which the rich Ships of India come to this
plealiuit City, .is is all the Country betwixt, in which arc
Trees and Shrubs of Camphire. Zaiium is a famous Port,
where all the Siiips arrive with Merchandize, thence dil-
[lerkil through all India. There is here liich a Qii.intity
ot Pepper, that what comes by yJlexnndria to the Well is
little to it, and, as it were, one of a hundred. The
Concourfc of Merchants is incredible, it being one of the
nioft commodious Ports in the World, exceeding prolita-
I'le to the Khan, who receives Cuilom at the rate of ten
in the Hundred of all Merchandize. They pay fo much
lor Hire ol Ships alli>, that there is not above one half of
tlicir Merchandize remaining entire to themfelvej, and yet
tliatiVloicty yieldsvall Profit to them. The Citizens are ide-
lairnus, given to Plcaluie ; in it arc many Artificers in em-
bruidirtd and Arras Work. The River is great, very wide,
and Iwift, and one Ann of it runs to i'^infai, at the pait-
i''3 lit wliieh is 'I'ringtii fituated, whcie Porcelane Difncs
are made. 1 was told of a certain F.aith, which they call
upiii Hills, ami lo kt he exiiolrd to all Weathers for thirty
w lurty Years without llirring ; alter which, refining by
linn;, they make Dillics, paint them, and then put
liiini ill the Furnace. You m:iy there have eight l^illus
tur one yenetian Groat. In tliii Kingdom of Condui, the

Khan has as great a Revenue almoft as tliat of the Kingdom
oi^inja. In tliefe two Mailer Marce was, and in none of
the other nine Kingdoms of Mangi, in all which one
I.angui»ge is ufed, with Variety of Dialect, and but one Sort
of Writing i and therefore we will fpcak no more ot
them, but in the next Book difcourfe of India the Greater,
the Mi(kllc, and the Lcfs, in which he was IxitJi in the
Service of the Khan, and alio in his Return with thii
CJueeii to y/rgon.

22. We will now enter into the Affairs of India, and
b<gin with their Ships, which are made of Firr, with one
Deck, on which arc twenty Cabins, more or lefs, according
to the Bignels of the Ships, each for one Merchant.
They have a good Rudder, and four Malls with tour
Sails, and lijme two Malls, which they either raife or take
down at Pk.iliire. Some greater Ships have thirteen Di-
vilions on the Infide, made with Boards inchafed, fo thac
if by a Bl'>w of a whale, or Touch of a Rock, Water gets
in. It can go no larthcr than that Divifion, and the Leak
being found, is i'oon lloppc 1. They are double, that is,
have two Courli s of Boards, one within the other, and are
well calked with Oakam, and nailed with Iron, but not
pitched, for they liavc no Pitch, but anointed with an Oil
of a certain Tree mixed with iJmc and Hemp, beaten
fmall, which binds fader than i'itch or Lime. The greater
Ships have three hundred Mariners, the others two hun-
dred, or one hundred and fifty, as they are in Bignefs apd
in Burthen, from five to fix thoufand Bags of Pepper " t
and they were wont to be larger than now they are, the
Sea having broken into Parts and Illands, that the Defedt
of Water in fome Places, caufcth them to build Ids.
They ule alfo Oars in tliel'e Ships, four Men to one Oar ;
and the greater Ships have with them two or three lcfs
Ships, able to carry a thoufand Bags of Pcpjicr, having
lixty Mariners, or upwards, on board ; which fmall Ships
Icrvc Ibmetimts to tow the greater. They have alfo with
them ten fmall Boats for l*ilhing and other Services, fa-
Ileiied to the Sides of the larger Ships, and let down when
they plcale to ule them. 1'hey Ihcath their Ships alfo af-
ter a Year's Ufage, fo that then they have three Courics
of Boards, and they proceed in this Manner fometimes
till there be fix Courfcs, after which they break them up.
I laving fpoken of the Ships, we will fpcak of India, and
firll, of certain Illands.

ZipingH, i. e. Japan, is an Wand on the F.aft, one
thoufand I'wf: hundred Miles dillani from the Shores of
Mangi, very great, the People of white Complexion,
of gentle Behaviour, in Religion Idolaters, and have a
King of their own. They have Gold in great Plenty, for
few Merchants come thither, and the King permits no Ex-
portation of it ; and they wliicli have carried on Com-
merce there, fjieak of tlie King's Houle covered with
Gold, as Churches here with Lead, gilded Windows,
Floors of Cjold. There arc alio many Pearls. Once the
Fame of tlufe Riches made Ctiblai-Kban to fend to con-
quer it, two of his Barons with a gleat Fleet of Ships, one
named Abbaca, and the other Venfanfin, who going
from Zaiium and i^nnfai, arrived there, but falling out
between themfelvcs, could take but one City, and there
beheaded all they took, except eight Perfons, which, by
an inchantcd precious Stone, inclofed in the Right-arm
between the Skin and Flelh, could not be wounded with
Iron i whereupon, with wooden Clubs, at the Command
of the two Barons, they were (lain. It happened one
Day, that a northern Wind blew hard, which was dange-
rous to the Ships riding there, fo that fome were loll, fome
put out farther to Sea, and others, with the two Leaders
and a few principal Perfons, returned home. Out ol many
broken Ships fome cfcajied by Boards and fwimming to an
Ifland not inhabited, four Miles off Zipangu, and were
about thirty thoufand, without Provifions or Arms, againft
whom the Zipanguaners, after the Tempeft was calmec^,
let out a Fleet of Ships, and an Army. Thcle coming
on Land to feek the wrecked Tartars without Order,
gave Occafion to the Tartars to wheel about, the Ifland
being high in the Midll, and to get unfecn to their Ships,

* Tms Account of the Sliir* ufrJ in the Trade of tlie Ecft-M-.i:. agrees exaftly with the modern Relations ; and though, without doubt, they tall
>")■ Ui iliuu ol our ii.ii . 1^1 mui.v rurpofc. ; )ct tor lyme, and Uic iNatore ol' tholt 'jfai cui:lidercd, ijiey way be, and very probably are, mora
"iivfcimt.

whi<h

I'i

■; ■ 1

■n

. {

ii-. M

'i''r

6 10

7k rO rj GES and fRAT'E L S

Book I.

Strramcn ilifpltycJ, which failing to »he South-raft thirty Mik, funhn
»nd in ihem they U\M ro the chid City ot ZifMgu, ''''—' - ' "■'' ' - ■ ■- •
wf tf admittcii without Sulpn ion, and Touml

which Wf re trft

in
whtrc they

few othrri but Womrn. The King ot /.afkMfiu bcfifgcd
thcni lix Months, and they htving no Rrlicf, yielded
thfinldvcs, and their Livej were laved. This lujipencd

The Khan, for ibe ill Ccntluft of his two Conomanden,
flit ort' the Head of one, and lent the oihcr to a dcfart
Illand called Zfrfti, where he caufrd Urtcndcrs to die, by
fcwing them, their hlandit, bound in a new flee'i Hide of a
Burt'aloe, wlmh drying, flirinkcth To, z% it puti them to
wall Tortiirrs, which lead to a milcrable IVath. The IdoU
in tiun and the ailjoining Iflands are rnide with I trails ot
Kinr, Swme, I">ogs, antl in other FalTiions more monftrous,
•s with Faces on their Shoulders with tour, ten, or even

• miikjr i>iiii^ lurthrr it rd
Illan^l and King.!om ..t AJ^Uiur, which hatli j L
King and language ti> itldt, ami hac a j-rcat Iw'*
earned on m Spicts Irom /V«;.m. rj,„ |,u,„,,„, ^, »
South-eaft « y^^.bf Iff, in t un,p.,l, ..U.u, ,wo ,1,0,^'
Miles, and hath in It iigjilKinjjd.^i,,, anvltliclVoplfj,,

Languages I thry are l.lolatcis luvr almmLuio „| i*'
f»»re. Spites, Fbony, and Btaiil, and atr u, \u to the s.'j, '
that the North Star cannot there Iv Um. MjlJr, > '
was in lix of thole Kinp.i.oir'i, (jt whuli lir givn ij,c , [
lowing Account, Iraving the otiur two which he Uwnr
One of ihrlf tight Kingdoms is /•,/.-,/., wjure tie U Ij
tcrs, by trroiient ImW with S.trjoii, arc omvcrtcd i j n j
Lawot Mobammid. In the Cities the Mduntaincrrjjrcv,.,,
brafliy, rating Man's FIclli, jiul A\ kiPihot iniwjrcKoiJ
and worlliip all l>ay wlu: they lint l.r. ,„ the M„p,,rj'

an hundrrd Fiands i and to thcfc thry afcribe moll I'owcr, Next to that is Hajma, wlmh luth a I jnnuagr by ,,

and do moll Rrverence, and lay, that lo they learned ot •''— '— ••••' ' -■ ' ' " '

thrir I'rogrnitor^. They fometimrseat thr:r Flnemies which
ihry takr, with great Joy, ami tor great Dainties \ at leall
ft) It is reported of thrm. Ihe Sra, in which this Iflarel lies,
LI called the Sea of Cin, or Cbm, that is the Sea againll
Mdogi, and in the I ongiugc of that Illand Mdngi is called
Cbin, or Cbi*i^ which Sea it fo large, that the Manners
and exjiert I'lloo, who frequent it, lay, that there are fcven
ihoulaml four hundred and forty lllands therein, the mol\
f>.'.rt of them inhabited, that there grows no Tree which
yields not a gt>od Smell, and that thrrr grows many Spices
of divers kinds elpeiially Lignum Aloes, and I'rpncr,
black and wl.ite. 1 ht Snips of Zaifum arc a Year in ineir
Voyage, for they go in Winter, and return in Summrr,
having Wi/kIs of two fort<, wlm h krrp thrir Seafoiu, and
this Country is far from Mia ; I ur I will leave them, for
I mver wa« tlierr, nor arc thry ulijert to the Klun, and
return to /Mi:um \ tium hrnce . mg South-wellward one
thouland live hundrt' Miles, palling aGulph called Ctfinan,
which continues two Months failing to the Northward, Aill
continipg on the South-rail ot \Uigi, and rlli^wlirrc witti
yini.t and tiloman, and other Provinces before namrd.
With n It arc infiniic lllands all in a manner inhabited : In
thrill IS tound abundance ot Ciokl, and thry trade one with
another.

} 1 . This Gulph terms like another WorW i ami after one
thouland and fivr hundral Miles filling airofs this f iulph,
is the County '/.i,it>:har, rich and Kff^'. having a King and
a Language ol th' i own, Idolaters, and plying Tribute to
th • drand Khan oi twenty F.lephai ", and Lignum Akxs
m prcit Qiantuies yearly. /I D. i :0H, tl»e Khan hearing
ot the Riches of this Ifland, fent thither Sa^atu with- an
Army to invade it. ,1tamhaii the King thereof was old,
and rr!adrhiiCoinjK»fitionby pajing t.'ic'Inbute, which has
been mentioned. Thrre arc many \V<jods of black Ebony
thrrr which are of infinite Value. Sailing thence betwixt
the South and South-eail one thoulaml hvc huntlrrd Miles
t<. Jtiva,M prefcnt fupjolcil by Mariners thr grcatrll Idand
m the World, being atwvc three thouland Miles in t ircuit,
under a Kmp; who pyrth Tnbute to now, the Khan not
«ttcring to lubjrct it, becauli: of the l.rnjTtli ami Danger of
the Voyagf, The Merchants ot Zditum and Manj;i fitch
Ihenci alxjndantc ot (joiii and Spice*. Souili and South-wrll-
ward r.x humlrrd Miles trom 'Java, arc two Idands, one
A'ci/u'ar, wiiKh u the greater, the other C$ndur, lefs, both
dclolate.

F;try Mikrs Si^uth-eaft frorn t!iem is a Frovinre, or firm
I jnd, vr'v riih m<.\ great, namrd /^.i>d^ the People Ido-
lurrs, lav mj^ a Lanj^uage of thrir own, as well as a Kiiif,.

ihcre grows VuM XSowi in gnat I'knry, much tiol.l,
Llcphants, wild Ikaih, and fowl, a Fruit called Beraai,
lari'c OS Lrmons, very goo<l ; the Flaec is mountainous and
tivao/-, ai.i) the King permits not any to come iliulur, l.ll
thry ihould know hit Country, and attrmpt to conquer it.
There are abundance of Fonclain SIkIIj lor Monry tran-
fjx>r:-.l tootlitr I'ljces. Jmvc hundral Miles .Southward
from iMhat is t!ic Iflc Pcntan, a lav.ij^r I'l.ue, which pro-
ducttii 111 .ill the WwkIs fwrrt Trcrs ; ftxiy Miles in the
way, the Sea is in many I'laccs but four 1 aihom, after

they live without Law hke H< alls, ,m,| lonutiiii« i r,j
I lawks to the Khan, who lays i laim in all ihr lilam!, \,j,
lavage Hearts they have wild I'.lephams .i.ui I'niciunimui
lefs than F-lenhants, like thr Buli'aloc m Hair-, tlir ir Kt
are hke FJcj)hant's Feet, thry have om- 1 lum m t),ei,.;j(
of the F'orchcad, ami hurt none therewith, but w,t!i ;",:
Tong\ic and Knee •, tor on iluir Toiigtic arc attain l»iij
IVitkles and Iharp, and whin tliry huit Jny, tin y tun ;<
on him, and prch him down with their Knees ai ,| i>.„
far him to Pieces with thrir Tongik-. 1 jie Hca,| „ ijj.
a wild Boar's, which he carries downwards 1 1 the Graa',
They love to lland in the Mirc, ami .ire filcy Ikaft<, jr,l
not fuch Unicoris arc liii I to le in our I'arts, »;,,i
fuller thenifclvcs to be taken by Mauls, Init quite coruirv.
They have many Apes, and of Icvcul kinds -, thryhjic
(iof-hawks black as Ravens, great, and poixi lur ha
There arc ceruin Imall Ajjcs, in tluirlaces l;kr Men, which
they put in Boxes, and prelcrvc with Spices, and lill ikdn
to Merchants, who carry thrm tliroi^h the World, lk«rf
thrm for Pigmies, or little Men.

Stmare is the nrxt Kingdom, wlvreMadrr Mtirnh]
five Months againft his \\ ill, forced by ill Weathrr. I::c
none of the Stars ot CiMrlts Wain arc lien. 1 le once «tr,!
on Shore with two thouland Propir, and there tori:,; ; U
tJiofc live Months 'or fear of thol'r brutdh Men raf -v. . J
trailed mean while with them fur N'irauls. lluv :m
excellent Filh, Wine of the natc-'l'nr, very whwd mt
for Phthifick, Drot^fy, Dilrales of the Spleen ; liinie » if,
fome red, and InOitn Nuts as big as a Man's Hriti, ine
middle whereof is full ot a pUalant l.icjuor Ifttrrib
Wine i they eaion all lijrts of Flcllt without any Dm-nftt
Drageian is another ot tlicfe Kingdoms claimed bv the
Khan, having a King, and I.angua,':e ot thru own. Iws
tokl of an at)ominal<ic CulUiiis thatwhei. one is tlfk.ihiy
fend to enquire of tlie Sorccrtrs, whether ii;; lhalliKif<?
If tlie Devils anfwer No. tiie Kindred I'rmi tor lomr, tlmli
Office it IS to llrangle the lick Party t alter which thryca
him in Piece?, and the Kindred eat him with gr.-ai Jolto,
rven to the Marrow ot thr Bonrs ; ur, lay they, il a't
Subllancc of liini Ihuuki temaiii, XSorms woukl t«J
thereof, whidi wx)uld war.t food, and lodir, totherii
Torture of the Soul of the IJcceai; d. The It ni (v:y
attcrwards take and carry into I lime Caves in the HA wi
no llealt may tooch tliein. If they take any Stuigtriky
eat hiin in the fame manner.

lu!,)ii>rMi a the fifth Kingdom of Java, in which is P «
Plenty of Brafil, of the .Seeds whrreot Mailer Mri
brought to yeriite, and lowed them, but i:. vJin, ihr m
being too cokl. Tiny have Unicorns i-i i;rcat aUiPunf.
aivd Choice ot Bealb and fowls. Fanfur, the f:x" K-B'
dom, hath thr bell Camphi-e, which is fold \V .R'l «^
Wright with (JoW. In that I'.ovlnte they makeMwIout
of gnat and l..:.j; Trees, as thick as two Men cin tr.; ^^ii
whence paring oft" tJic- timi IJark and VV<xxl abciiir.w
Finders thick, the Pith within li M."', which th.yFu-J
Water, and llir it vcy w, II, the li;:;lirell l)rof> '*';^'"'''f ,'■'
the linell Irttling to thr lijitom, ami tiien t!u ^^^'f*';,^
caftaway, th-y make Pallr,of which .Maikr M^J^'fX
■ ' ■ ■ ;il,k.Barley-Br"J- !«

♦ Ttii. Ittfmpt m.idf hy the T^rrar, to cnqucr jAf.„. i, a »rry curi hh Cirrum. ..
r^cju c n.rnt.(ji*U hj BooUicj Autlwi, wlucJi u tiw Kciloti Uut lail.cr itiilif, rclci»

fume tolVK/M, tailing; not much u;i

n^nce, anJ of rre.t Conl-.qurncr to the HMoryof A^^^^-
ci» u, hither oil liiii HcjJ, ui hii i:>o '. kc^'*!' **"■•'•' "'

WooJ

f; 'I

Chap. II.

•• 0/ M A R C O P O L O.

6xt

Wood of thin Tree tliniwrn into the Water finki like Iron,
cl which they make l.aii<tts, but lh()rt, for if long, they
would be too heavy to bciii 'IhcCc they Our|)cn, diul
hurn it the Tops, with which fn prepared, they will pierce
thro' Armour iooiie r than if tiicy were rtiidc ot I run, Alwut
one hundred and rifty Milts hoin Lamtri, fmlmg North-
wiirds, are two Iflandfi, one called Nocuiraii, in which the
Inhahitants live like Beaih, g" "" naked, hdth Mrn and
NVcmifM, and worlbip Idols, l.avc excellent Trees Clove?,
Sandcu white and red, Indian Nuts, BraCil, and other
Spices \ the other Anganun, lavage as the tormer, and
where I was told they had Dogs Hcadi and Teeth.

24. Sailing hence one thoulanil Miles to the Weft,
and a little to the North-weft, is Zda^, two thoufand
and four hundred Miles in Circuit, niul anriciitly
three thoufand and fix hundred Miles as in fctn in the
M:il"> of the Mariners of tholi; Places •, but the North
\V iiuls have made a great I'art of it Sea. It is the lincft
lllanii in the World •, the King is called Sendernar. The
Mfii and Women arc Idolaters go naked, lave that they
cover their Privities with a Cloth, have no Corn, but Rice
and Oil of Sefamino, Milk, Flefti, Wine of Trees, abun-
dance of Biafil, the bcft Kubies in tiie World, Sapliircs,
Topazes, Amathifbs «nd other (Jems : Ihe King is laid to
havi the very tineft Ruby that was ever leen, as long as ones
Hand, and as big asa Man's Arm, without Spot, ihininglikc
a 1 ire, not to be bought for Money. Cublai-Khan fent and
crtcrcd the Value of a City for it j but tlie King anfwered,
he would not give it for the Trcafurc of the World, nor
part with it, bi'i uili: it had been his Anceftors. The Men are
untie tor -Soldiers and hire others when they have Occafion.
From Itlan^ failing fixty Miles to the Weft, livs ilir great
Province of Malai/ar, wl^fh is not m\ Ifland, but firm Con-
tinent, ralhd India lb* Greater, the richeft Province in the
World : There arc in it four Kings, the chief of which is
Stxiier Candi, in whofe Kingdom tluy fifti for Pearls, viz.
bciwixt Malabar and Zei/an, in a Bay where the Sea is not
above ten or twelve Fathom j in which Divers defcend,
and in Bags or Nets tied to their Bodies, bring up the
Oillcrs in which are the Pearls : And becaufe there arc
fume great Fifh which kill the ^'i(^ermen, tiiey hire certain
Braniiiis to charm them, and the . have the twentieth, the
K;rig the tenth. Thcfc Oiftcrs arc found through the
wliolc Month of April, and till the Midille of ALiy, and
rot at any time elli:. In September they find them in a
Place above three hundred Mil' s off, and till the midftof
Oitcicr. The Khan goes as nakcil as the icft, lave that
he wears fume honourable Enfigns as .1 Collar of precious
Stones about his Neck, and a Ihrcad of Silk to his Breaft,
with one hundred and four fair Pearls ftrung thereon to
count his Prayers by, of whiJi he miift daily liiy fo many
to his Idols. A fort ot Bracelets he wearcth on three Places
on his Arms, and likewiti: on his l.eg5, on his Fingers, and
on h 1 Tofs. The Prayers which he l^iys arc Pacatica,
Picauca, P.uauca, one hunilnd and four times. This King
hath one thoufand Coiici.'mus and if any pica.';- him, he
takes her as once he did from his liiother, whence Wars had
followed i but the Mother ihieatnin[^ to cut off her Breafts,
which had nouriftied them, if they proceeded, the Qiiarrel
was (ompofed. He hath many 1 loili-mcn for his Guard,
which always accompany him, who when the King dies,
throw thcmlelves voluntarily into the Fire, when he is
burned, to do him Service in tliL- next World.

This Prince and his Brethren, the Kings of AJulahar,
buy thtirHorlis from 0)-w«s and other Parts, the Country
breed.'; none \ and if it Ibmetimes falls out that it does, yet
sre they there bred ill-f.ivour'd and naught. Condemned
Pcrfoni, will otier themlelvcs to die in Honour ot llith
an Idol, which is performed with twelve Knives, and twelve
WovukIs in divers Parts of the Body, at every Blow, lay-
in;;, / kill tnyfrlf in fhnour if ihiil Idol \ and the lall he
tliiull? ill Ins lliait, and is then burned by his Kiiulrcd.
The Wives alio call themfeivrs into the Fire with theii
Hulhaiids difrepuie tidlowinf^^ thule w!io refufe it. They
v.orll.ip Idols, and moll ot them .idorc Cows, and would
not eat lb holy Helh as Bvel, for .ill th'^ World. There
we lomc called Cahi, wlio .at lucii Oxen as die of
tlic'iiii ivcs, but may not kill then', an.l dawb over their
il'iiilis with Ox dun[.'. Thcfe (Juui ar^ 0^ the I'oiUrity

N L ii u. ^x.

tit thofe whw h (lew Si. Thomas, and < annot cnt.-i the
l'l*ce where his Body u. They fit on Car[vts on the
(•round in this Kingdom : Tliev have no Cnn but Ricc<
are nut a martiai People, kill no flraiK, but u I'icn tli > will
cat any get the Saracens to do it, or other People •, wa!h
twice 'day. Morning and F.vening, (wth Men and Wo-
men, ;i,,d will not otherwife eat, which they who olfrrVe
not are accounted Herttieks. They touch not ihcir Mi ac
with their I^ft-hand, but ufc that Hand only to v'ip?, and
for other unclean Ulei. They drink each in his own Por,
and will not touch another Man's Pot, nor fuffcr their own
to touch thrir Mouth, but hold it over, and pour it in.
To Strangers who have no Pot they uour drink into his
Hands, and oblij^e him to drink with them. Juftice is fe-
verelyadiMinillcrcilforCiUiiCS and a Creditor may in fomc
Cafis ciicomi:a("i Ins Debtor with a Circle, which he
dares not pali till he hath paid the Debt, or givi 1 S.xu-
rity > if he does, he is to be put to IXath •, and MalUr
Mario once law the Kuiy liimfelf on Horfc-batk thus
encircled by .1 Mirchant, whom hv: had lung d*!.;y<.il
and put oil, neither would th^- King go out of the cir-
cle which the Merchant h.id drawn, till he had fati ;:ed
him, the People applaudu g the King's Jiillicc. They
arc very fcrupulous of drinking Wine made of the</i i|n,
and they which do it are not thought worthy, or liunelt
Men, or .admitted to be WitnelUs, n Thing ilenied alfo
to him who fails by Sea, for they l.'iy lucli Mm are
defperate. Tliey think I/:achery no Sin. It i". very hot,
and they have no Rain but in Jwie, "/uly, ai,d .■l!i^:jl ;
without which refrcftiing of the Air they tould 1, it .ive.
They have many Phyfiugnomers and Soothfayi is wlucK
oblcrve Bcafts and Birds, and have an unlucky Hour every
Day in the Week.callfd Choiach, as on MonJ.iy, Letwixt
two and three, on Tui/'iiy the thrid Hour, anei on ll''cd-
nffday the ninth, i^c. through all the Year, let d^v.vn in
their Books. They curioudy obferve Nativities. At thir-
teen Years old, they put their Boys to get their own Liv-
ings, who run up and down to buy anil fell, li.iviiig a
fmall Stock given them to begin, and ,i\ Pearl Sealoi: they
buy a few Pearls, and lell them again t) the Mirehants,
wliich cannot well endure the Sun, for little Gain •, what
they get they bring to their Mortliers to elrel;. lor them,
for they may not cat at tlieir Fathers Coft. They havj
I 'ols, male and female, to whom they ofler their Daugh-
ters, who when the Monks or Priells aupcint, fin;; .md
dance to the Idols, ;uid very often let V'idUials h tore
them, fiiying that they eat, leaving it the Space of .;Me.il,
finging all the while, and then they fall to catin;; m ear-
ncft 1 after wliich thijy return home. The Ciufe .>( thcfe
Sacritices is the houfliold Qiiarrels betwixt the (id and
Godcfs which, if they fliould appeafe, tluy fliould lole
their BIcfTing. The great Men have Litters, nia.le of
large Canes, which they faften artilicially to Ibine up-
per Place to prevent Tarantulas biting, and alio Fleas aiiJ
other Vermin, and for frelh Air.

The Place of St. Thomas'^ Sepulchre is a fmall City, not
much frequented by Merchants, but very much by Chri-
lliaiis and Saracens for Devotion. The Saracens hold
him a great Prophet, and call him .hanias, that is, a ho-
ly Man. The Chrillians take of the Earth wIktc he was
flain, which is red, and carry it with them with great Re-
verence, and give it, mix'd with Water, to the Sick.
//. D. 12SS, a great Princi , leaving more Rice than
Room to lay it in, made bold with 5/. 'licnir.i'i Cinirch,
in the Room where Pilgrims were lereived ; but by a
Vifie>ii ol St.'Thowas in tlie Night, was fo tcrriiievi that he
quickly left the Place. The Inhabitants are black, not ^o
born, but became io I'y often anointing theinlelvcs with
JelVamine Oil, to obtain that Be.auty. They paint tlie
Devil white, and their Idols black. The Cow-worl].ip-
pers carry with them to Battle, fomc of the Hair ot a
wild Ox, as a Pretlrvation againll: Dangers, and therefore
luch Hair'; are fold at a high Price.

2 .^. MurfiH, or Mo/iful, is northward from jlls.'iikir
five hundred Mile;, ; the Inhabitants arc Idolaters, i'licy
have' Diamonds in then Hills which they fcarcii for ati:r
ure.it R.siiis. Well'.'. ..d Iroin S;. fhontif is Lac, whi'iicc
tiic liiriinitts have their Original, who are the honeilell

Mcich.uub in the Woil', and will not lye for a:.)
5 7 "

a.U

I ■

1 i^j^

urn'

'\^

Tk fOr.K^ES ofiJ T K.lf'ELS

Ml,

•ml tjiilituliy l^ff i> any iltinu romnmial id ilmi CulUxty, C.»uiury 4i!umi no other tourlc : Tlicy irt Chiftu .
or M Biokti> Ull IT luiUf Virriluiutiir for otherv I hry tuvt ihur Bilhop, U\h\Qi\ to thr Biihon cl ii«.!" '

Vbl JflM.'ir^,

4IC kiown by 4 Conon-tlitc«il, which ihry wiar oVcr ttw *rc g»KMl I ilhcr.ntn, ami have Store 0} AmUr

Ml
ti-,,1

Shouklm, tiiil umlcr the Arm rroll4iin the Unull. Tlicy twuh an Arllil'iftiop, rot hibjcck to ihc |W but

have I III one Witi, art- j<rr4C Aiholojjcrs of jiiiat Ab»lt Zuntiui, who lelulis at fitUuih, who tlioolct'h him

nnitf, ami tonn l.itt k olilrrvc thtir own Shallow in the i'»i*/*ri)(w air Imhanttts, at nrrat a\ any mthew' '

.Sun, when tiny arc to buy, ami thcnu lonjic'luri- * i.ord- ihougli uuoniimioiiaictl thcrtlorc by (heir I'rchtf'^' 1

inn 10 the Kuli> ot thrir Ait. Tluy <onllaiuly lIicw ater- Uile Wind', to Liuik Iwtk luth Shiin ai have •r* .

lOlKK

'iih him. fhf

lam lUib, whuh iiuki • ihtir linh jjooil, and hcl|)i l)i
g.llion. Ihcrc an Ibiiu rcii^^Hiut anion^ then), ^.alltd
'JaiigMi, who go alti>i;ttli(r nakitl, hve aulbnly, wuillii^
tuwn.ol wiiuh fhry iiavc iittk liLii. Imaur^ on their I ort-

^hi)tii ai have wn
tluin, till they oltciin \iti»laction. '"*

10. A thoutaiKl MiKs tlienic SouthwarJ, » \t,„i^
one oJ the ure.iell aful ntheH 111,, ,n ,he World L'
tliouUnd MUei in Linmt, iiihabitij iiy s,irtu(K, tfovcnrt

hfoil, and ol the Ox Bone** Adiii n»akc on Ointnunt, by lour ohl Men j the FcojjIc live by M.rthjmti/r 1

whmwith thty anoint tkir B.A!it» in vhva» I'laccj with Ull vail ^lantiU'.* ul llcphani* Inih. IhcLutrr,

gii.u Kivmntc. 'I hey neitlur kill or -it any hvc Crca- ikfc l*art> are ot txiceding Imu:. I hry rcponltran"

lure, nor I lerb green, or Koot klurc it i* ilricd, tl\crin- Stones ol lowlsi.illeil A'*,i-, like .wi I af',lr, hm ,,) "^

i.iiii|urablc Ul^•nc^. /fnjiiar ailo 1, Uul „, br ul m«
la..H4th, ts'4. Hiirearc|-.kp|ianu,i,ii.,it»s,an.lShcir v..
unhkc to ourk » thr Mm ami SS,in,iii vi,y ,lii(,rnV,i "]
lu«rc Itcaid Martner^ an^l Ikillul I'lldi , m [|,oic |>^,'n ,,.
port, ami luvi- km m their Writini',',, v»hiih luv, .om-
laliid the .Scaol /x./i.,, that ihde .up m it iwtlvc thou.
land and levm luindinl lilands iiih,|!-iial atuj iitu,, |„
l»dij i\Uji,t , whuii i> lioni Aii..u<'j/ to (.ii*/»,;,iiri,, j„
ihiiiitn Kingilonis.

jMJta MiM.r II Ironi Zumli to .\htji!i, in *huhir{

int; every Ihing to have a Soul. I'hty ul'e no Dilhis,
hit lay thiir Virtual^ I'll dry I>ca\i*ol Applu ot I'ara
dil'e. riR-y eafe thetnklves in tlw Sands andtlitiidil
IK-rlc it hither and thitficr, Ml it Hiould breed Worms
whuh mull die for want ol FikkI. SoUu of thini livt to
om liiiiidrul and lilty Vear5, and ihtir Botlii», attir
Pt.iih, arc burned.

Ill /.filan I had foi^tt to mention a higli Mountain,
which HOIK liin aluiid but by Iron Chains at I wa» tuld,
III till lo|' whereof the Sarafcu lay » .liiam'\ SejiuUirt ■,

iht Ii!iilateri fay it is the Ikxiv of A<!j(;ciwc>)fl.<r»Kj»,thc lirll e.glit Kiin;doim, kfuici many Iilaiuli. I'lu- |u(ii„, „,
Iiiol liiundir. Son to the King ol thai Illaiul, who U- middle /«J<a, u tailed .'Ha/aa, ilic ihict Kmu a (.!.;;■
look IniuKll to a K.litary lalc on the Top of thi» I lill, tun. There are lix other Kmns three Clinituns, ll
tniin wheiue no I'ltalurrs nor I'lrluafion* could draw three Saracens, fubject to him i ihcfL- aicalln Jew., v
h;m, \m I ailier nudt an Ima^;e alter his Death to reprc- ThomJi having jircached in i\ufia, tame tu /li/ajnu, mi
1 111 hini, all ot (lold, adorned with liarmeni*, and torn- tlicrc did the hkc, and went altcr*4riis tuA/d/dirir. \t,n
nianded all the inaiuhrs to worftni) it: Aid hrntc, r, arc very valiant Soldiers, alway* 111 Anns agamu the W-
they lay, hpan Idolatry. I litlier tluy tome from icniotc dan ot MtH, and the I'eopk ol .\utiia. i hcara tiui
I'latts in Pilgrimage, and there hii tore I teth, and .1- I). ilbS, lite dreat Knijieror ol tiic ,ii':jfiius *u<.\i
a Uilh ol hii aie reletvcd, and a? holy Uriitk* lolcmiily have vilited yrnr/j.Vm, bulbelll^;dlUut!cd by reuitni t:;:
(htwid. The Sjiaiens, fay tiiry, arc ol .{Jam, wliith ^<in« en Kingdom* in the Way, lie lent a Birtiop ui i,u^
KijMvrt laulid the Khan, .i. J), ii^t, to lend l.inbalTa-
doi.s thitlur, wl>o olitainril two Tk th and a Difli, and
Ibme of his Hairs, by Grant, from the King ol ZaliH,
which he caulcd to be reteived by the whole IVopIc ot
Csml'ultt without the Lity, and brought to his I'ltltr.cc
wit!) great Honour.

Cdtl is a great City, governed by ^IJlrr, one of tlic lour
Brethren, who is vtry rich, alio vtiy kind to Men hai.ts ,
lie hath three hundrtd Concubines. All tin I'eople have a
C.illom to he luntinualiy ihcwing 111 their Mouths a Lxal
called Icmlul, with Soites and lame. Ceulam is live liun-
ilrtii Miles South-well from Malabar, they are Idolaters

■| licrc arc alio Chrillians and Jra.<i, who have a Sixtili liy
thtmltlves. They have PepjHr, Bralil, Iriduo, l.iuns all
black, I'arrots ol divtis Sjrt', ail white as Snow.othtis
.i/'jre, others red, and h^me litiall i'cacoiks and Pe.ihens,
very diffcrenr liom ours, and larger, as arc tliiir Iruit-, -,
tluy are leacherous, and marry t'ltir Sillers and near Km
lUtd: Tlicre arc many Allrologds and I'liyfitians. In
Ciimiiri arc A\x; fo large, tiiat they feeiii to be .Min:
And here we hail a Sij^ht of the North ftar. Dtlai hatli a
King, and the Inhabuants have ihcirown Language: The

Lilc to |Krform his Di votions, who m Ins KciurM *is u-
ken by tlic Soldan ot JJtn, and (inimiulcil bylov;,
wlurtuiKJii the .Ihiffmt Monarih railui an Army, i:iUi;;i.;-
cd the Soldan, with two other MU',wimtilan Km;«, locli
itA li>oiled /LleH. /tb.ijud is nth in tiolit, A;urni L>
jttft to /IdtH, lolly Mill* dill.ini N.)utli-tjil, wlwc ,>
pkiity ol while brahkinniilc, v.iy vy't^U v>hn.hcru;i
liorii liiiall lilts liy Intilion ol tlie iiaik, a niii M.:-
(haiuli/f, (si. Sonii- in ihat I oumry, lur wantot Un,
make Uikuit ol I'llh, ot i^imlitiKy \uw grcjil'lcniv:
They alio Iced (hiir Ikalls with hilh. 1 liiy take u.:i
III Martb, Jfnl, and M^ij.

zj. Alitr luving l|K)keii ol tlic Provinces on iIicCm;':,
I will now leturn to loiiit Provinces more lu tiic .Nor:,
whtrt many Lntars dwell, whidi have a Kir.gcilicUU-
(.'«, ot tht Rait of Zi'i^ii-ki/an, but luhjcci W no.-.;.
Tliele oblctvc ihc Cullonis u\ their Aniellors, ilutil :>;:
in Cities, Caillcs, or hortitlits, but ciweil wiii m
Kinj; in the Fields, Plains, Vallus and lorelh, aiid r:
ellccmeil uut T'arliin. 1 hey have iiu lutlul Com, bi.(
live on licth and Milk, in great l'e.ice. Tiiey luvc muit.-
tudts ot 1 lories, Kine, Sheep, and other Bealts. Hint w

:■ t

Peojl' arc M<i!aiers, and h.avc I'linty of Sj^iies-, the Ships found great white Beais, twenty I'alms lorg, biaikl-ix.-),

of .ifjM^/ tome thither. Malabar is a Kingdom in the very large, wild Allts, and liiilc Ikalls called Ajw..

Wtfl, in which, and in Guzerat, arc many Piraics who which bear the Sable- lurs, and \'arurcoiiiii, :in;l t.w;

tbn'.etimes put to S<a with alx>ve an huiulred Sail, and which arc (alhd I'bataob'i, Kats, which the '/<ir.-'. x:

rob Merchants. They bring with tlirm their W ivcs and Ikillul in takaig. The great l^kcs which are i;oz:n, ti-

Children, and there remain all Summer. In Cuzzirat is tept in a lew Months in the Vear, arc the Caulc, i:iJtn

abundance of Cotton, the Trees fix Fathoms high, and the Summer it 1-. Icarce to be iravclic\l Im Miff. "'

lall twenty Years-, the Cotton ot tiidc Trees is not lit therefore the Merchants in going to !.uy tlicir lum, M

to fpin, after they are alxjve twelve Years old, but tor fourteen Days journey through the Ddait, have let w

Quilts; There arc many Rhinoceros's. In Canbau is for each Day alloulc ot Wood, where thiy biitcr «ui

Store of Frankinccnle. It is a great City, where is great the Inhabiunts, and in Winter tliey ulc S.cvigcs *iiti-

Trade for Horfes. In Cmi-iini is nuirh Induce, Buckram, cut Wheels, and pL.in m the HotU'in, rifing «;tii 1

and Cotton. 5cm«.i;i(> is a King '.oni ot a |)ccuhar l-*n- Scmitirtlc at die toji, or I'.nd, wii.tli arc dr.iwn on

guage, they are Iclolaters, Merc har.f, an.-l a go-xt I'eople. the Ice, by Brails like (.'real Uo{.',s, '.ly Cuyjib, ifct

Kc,>HM:r..« is a great Kingilom ol UU>h(er<, vm\ Saracetii. Sledge- Man only wuli lib Merchant and furrs tog

Tiic Lit Prtvintc ot the Cnaitr India, towards the North- tlieu in.

well IS five hundred Milts near which are laid to Ix- two At the Fjrtremity of the Region of thefe fjrwri, «

irands, one ol M< n and the other ot Women, thole ii>iii- a Country reaching to the larthell North, called ilK<'t'''-'J'

ingto thefe, .md there i\:y in .\fanh, .-fpr,-/, and M.iy. Land, bfcaule the moll Part ol the W inter Muiith. !■■'

'I he Women keep their .S^ms till twrlv.- Years and then Sun apj>cars not, and the Air is thick aixl ilarkilli, i>K-

lend them to their laihers. It Items the Air of lliat iiiuti in the Morning with us. I ho Men tlicn; *'''F';

'n*\ m

ChapII.

0/ M A Fl C O P I, 0.

62j

,n.l r<li"f. '">*' "o Pnnce. ami live like tfcaftv Tlie
',,ifi.iri oltcn fol) ihcni ot thnr tartle in thofe tlark
Mniiiliv anil Iril they niouiil loli' tlwir Way, they riilc
un Marc* which have Gilti (lirking, which they leave
«iih 4 (>u.iril at the I'".ntr,iiuv of that Country, where the
light bciri.irieth ti) tail, aiitl wlrn they have tak")! their I'rcy,
l^ivc Hnns to the Marci, whkh halleii to thrir C'olu. In
ihcir lofig lontimicd Summer, tluy take many of ilir Hnift
Itirn (i)ii CKt.ilion of the 'lari/in K">iug to rol) them)
(it whic h I hijvt heard |i)me ari' hmuglit into RnJ/ia. Kuf-
li\ \s 4 j',r<"»' Country near that Nortlirrn Darknefii. The
IVojili' .111' (irttk Chriltians the Mm ami Women fair,
ami I'ly Tiibute to the Kin^; ot the 'litriars of the Well,
(jn wlii-m they lM)ri!fr. l)n the Kail there is plenty of
Fur", Wax, ami Mine^ of Silver ■, it reaches, as I wa<i
cold, to the CXcan Sea, in wliicli art IHantli that abnnml
in Gfr-I'jlioin an.l I'aiionv

j8. We arc now arrived at the Cloli: of thii AutlioiN
Wriiirj;' . ami thtr( tore an tht: more capalite of |Uil[;in<j
ot the I'.irtK ul.tiH they contain, whn li wa') the Kcalii.i
thit I Irtt fomi: I'oints to he confulcred here, \vhich I
ftitiukl othi rwilc have thrown under the I lead of Objcfti-
ons. Some critical Readers have atH-<tcd to doubt, whe-
ther our Author, or rather his iVrformanre, dtferves Cre-
dit, Irom the Account that is ('^vcn of the Manner in
whi' h It was wrote, and from tlii.- different Stories that we
havf tiild of the Original. We have already accounted
lor the Mitbkes that have licen made on this Head, and
(hall here only take Notice, that hnimii Pipin, of the
Ortlcr ot I'reachers, who made a I^/in Trandation of our
Author's Work, tells us in his Preface, that from the Re-
]i(iit of his Domcllicks, he was fatisfied that Marco Polo
was i Man of great Prudence, remarkably iiondl, and
cut who liad tile falrcll Cliaracitcr that couKI be. It is not
vcryeafy to conceive, tiiat fuchaM in (houldexpole that Cre-
dit whiih he hail been at fo much Pains to clliblifh, by
lending into the World an iiuii^'.elKd lleap of Fidions
•ml Romances. But the fame Perl'on informs us farther,
tlut Seignior Niioh i'ol'i, the Father of our Autlior, was
the molT ertecmrd, and bell beloved Man of his 'I'ime,
and that he conllantly re(Hjrted the very fame F-iCls, dur-
ing his whole Life, which his Son ini!)lillied in his Works;
and as for his Uncle Seigniur A/i'^i?, who enjoyed fome of
the principal Offices in the (iovernmenf at Venice, and
diiUn^iiifht:d himfelf by his Wildom and Integrity, when
lie was upon his Death- Bed, he took particular Care to afllire
his Cynlellbr, that he had rtviiwcJ his Ni phcw's Work,
and that he was fully fatislicd, that there was nothing in
it that was not (hidly true, and tiiis he pave him Leave
lu declare for the Satisfaction of the World. Here then
are three credible Witnclles to the lame FaCh, and there-
tore, according to all the Laws of F.videiicc, they ought
to be looked uixin as throughly ellablithed.

We mud however dillmguilh between fucli Fai5\s as
our Author leports from his own Knowled[j;c, and thofe
vihicli are grounded only on hear -fay and Information.
Wi may accule an Author of Credulity or Imprudence,
who inferts Itrangc and improbable things in his Writinf!;s
\m we cannot with Juftice charge him witii Infidelity or
Killhood on that Head, and wc ought alfo to make ibme
Allowance for the Genius of the I'imt in which he wrote,
bccaulc it cannot lie prcfumed, that even the wifelV and
moil prudent Man can lie totally free from the Errors of
tlic t\ge in which he rtourilhed : It may not \x amils to give
a tiw Inllances witli regard to our Author.

In the twenty-fifth Chapter, tlierc is an Account of
Uianiond Mines, in the Kingdom of Miir/ili, where wc
have omitted a Pallage that is to Ije met with in mod of
ot the pAlitions of our Author, bccaule it is reported on
the Credit of the Inhabitants, and we were willing to ex-
"Miiiic it by itfclf. that tiie Reader might perceive we had
no Intention to impolc upii him thole Improbabilities
which had been imix)leduponour Author himfell. Alter hav-
ing told us, that Diamonds are found there at the Bottom
ol the rocky Mountains, after ilu' r.iii.y Sealon is over, he
proceeds thus: " They alb in tin Summer-Tiiue alcend
" thele Mountains, though with great Difficulty, Ixcauli-
" of fhe \eiiemence of the Heat, and find abundance of
" thole precious Stones among the Gravel. In this they

" are likewife muih expoftd to I^jngT from the vail
" Nuintier of !kr[)enri of enormous Size, which Ihclter
'• thcmftlves in the Holei and Caverns of thele Rocks.
" where, nevt rthclelii, they find Diamonds in the j^reat.;!!
" Abundance. Amon^ othtf MctlioJs of Dbf.iiiimK iliein,
" thty make ufe of this: There arc abundam i; oT whiti
" F-iRles that f«:ft in the upjier Part ot tliofc Rocks, f .1 the
" fake of feeding on the Serpent'., and in the deep VaU
'* lies and Precipices, where Men arc afraid to vcmure
" rhernfelves, they throw I'iec. s of raw Meit, wiiiihthe
" I'aj^les perceiving, imiiiednt'ly llouji and lei/, it, with
" all the little Stoiu : and Ciravcl th 11 .iilhere to th- fe moilt
" Pieces of Meat. Such as learch li^r Diamonds watch
" the Ivigles NelU, atul when they leave tlum, pick up
•* liicli little Stmi's, and fc.in h likewil'c for Di.Miriiul'i
'* among tlie F.agles Diinf^. i'lie Kings .and fJi at M'u
'* in this ( 'ountry keep the faireff and fitiefl of tliefe Stoiien
" t'l theml'i Iv.s, and liifllr the Merchants to fell rhr vl\.

The famous Juliiii Cr/ar Sc.tliger was extremely of-
fended witli tin, Rilaiion, which he treats with ih< utniolt
Contempt, and feems to wonder at the AfVurance of a Wri-
ter that cxpeds Stories of this kind fliould gain Credit :
Yet, after all, I do not fee that there is any great I I.trtn in
our Author's relating this Talc, however improbable it
may feem, lincc without doubt he received it tioiii tfie In-
habitants, and what Motives they had to tell him fu'h a
Story, is not very difficult to giR'Is. The native Indains,
in ail the Revolutions that have happened in the Countries
where they live, have preferved this Trade in their own
1 lands, and by Fables of one fort or other kept Strangers
from attempting to interfere with them. Our Author was
very prob.ibly the firif Eiiropian that was ever at the Dia-
mond Mines, and therefore we have the lefs Realbn to be
rur[)rizcd at liis being impofed uuon, in an Affair of wliicli
he could not be a competent Judge.

But to make the Reader fbmc Amends for fo impcrfcft a
Relation of the manner in which this valuable Trade iscar-
ricd on, I (hall take this Opi)ortunity of inferting the belt
Account of the Matter that I believe has been hitherto given
by one who was an Eyc-witnefs of it in the Year 1 680, and
that too in the very Country known to our Author by the
Name of the Kingdom of Mtirfili. " The Diamonds are fo
" fcattered and difpcrfed in the Earth, and lie fo thin, that
" in the moH plentiful Mines it is rare to find one in dig-
" ging, or till they have prepared the Stuff, and fearchcd
•' purpofely for them : They arc alfo frequently em lofed in
«' Clods 1 and fome of thofe of M/w/V.'fcd ; andthem-wMimi
" in the Kingdom of GoUonda have the \i^v^\\ fb fixed
" about them, that till they grind them on a rou^h .Stone
"« with Sand, they cannot move it fufficienrly to ilill-ovcr
" they are tranfparent, or were it not for their Shapes, tr)
" know them from other Stones. At the firll opening of
" the Mine, the unfkilful Labourers ibmetimes, to try
" what they h.ave found, lay them on a great Stone, and
" ftriking on them with another, to their coltly Experience
" difcover they have broken a Di.imond. One I know who
" had an excellent Stone of eight Mangellans, that is,
" thirty-two Grains, ferved fo by ignorant Miners he em-
" ployed. Near the Pl.ace where they dig they raife a
" Wall, with liich rugged Stones as they find at hand,
"•whereof all tlie Mines afford Plenty, of about two Foot
" high, and fix Foot over, flooring it well with the fame ;
" for the laying of which they have no otiier Mortar than
" the F.irth tempered with Water. To rtrcnychen and
" make it tight, they throw up a Bank againlt the Side ot
" it, in one I'art whereof they leave a liiiall Vent about two
" Inches from the Bottom, by which it empties itfelf into
" a little Pit made in the Earth to receive Imall Stones, if
" by chance any Ihould run through. The Vent being
" llopp'd, they fill the Ciilern they have made with Water,
•' foaking therein .as much of the Earth they dig out of
" the Mine as it can conveniently receive at a time, break-
" ing the Clods, piekin<; oi;t the great Stones, and ftirring
" it witl-. Shovels till tlu; Water is all muddy, the grave !ly
" SiutV f.dling to the Bottom ; then tluy open the: Vent,
" kiting out the fou! W ater, and fupply it with clean, till
" all the eartliy Subflance be wafhed away, and none but a
" gravelly ot.P remains at the Bottom. Thus they continue
" 'wilhing till about fen of the Clock before Noon, vshen

« tluy

• t

1;-

•\^

i^^^^i

SJ(; '

! l!^

frv

•«m f

1^^

624

r/jf J'O TA GES ami TR A T^ E L S

Cook I.

•' they ukf llK Riavflly Stuff they luve waflictl.and fprcaJ
" it on a riacc iivul<- plain ami luKKiih lor that l'urfK)(c
•' near tlic Cillcm, whuh bciii'; lo ilrial I7 tlic I Icat ot the
" Sun at tli.it linu- ot th<' Uiy, tiny v^ry lurioully lo«jk
•» it over, that the riiull-(l Hit ot .1 Stone i.m harilly cCcajie
*' thiin. riiey nivrr ix.iniine the StulV they have waflicii,
" but iHtwccn ihcl loursotlcn ami I hrcc , Kll any Clouil,
*' liy nuirpolini!;, int-rt.jt the brifk Hr'ams ot the Sun,
" Wiiiili they hokl vrry ncccHaiy to afillt thrm in tlieir
•' Scirih, the niamonils tonilantly ret^eciir.g them whm
" they lliinc on ihciii, rinJering tlicmrdvcs thereby the
" nuirc ionf,>icii"Us.

•' Si)nic ut the ex^xrtffl Lal^ourern are employed in
" fearchiiii;, he that Jets Ujeni at woik urually litting l>y,
" an^l ovu l<x)!c!ng i but it is luully jKilVible, tIJKCially
•' wlurr many arc eiiiplDynl, tu watch thmi lu narrowly,
" bu: that they nuy Heal yut ot what they liiui, as many
" times loiiie of them i!o, anil Iclhng it privately, convert
" it to their own Ule. Il thry IhkI a large Stunc, they carry
" it not prelcntly to their I'.mploycr, but keep on looking,
' -• having an I'.yc on hini, till tluy tjMctvc he takes noiKC
•' ot ;i, wlicn with the Turn ol their llanJ, tluy give him
" a (ii'impx ol it, but ijcl.ver it not till tJu;y have ilonc
*' Woik, ami then very privauly, it being the general Kn-
" I'.eavoui to lonccal wiut they lintl, kit it lliuulii come
" to the Knowiiilgc ot" the GovtriK>r ot the I'laiT, and he
•» n quires a Share, which in the Kingdom of CoUonda it
" uiually piiililed, without any Helpecl to the Agrrement
" m.u.ic with tlieni. 'I'hc Miiuu, tiiolc that employ
" them, and the Merchants that buy the Stones of them,
" arc ulually I\ig,tn , nut a Mullciiun, that ever I heard
" ot, followed the linpl lynunt. Thcfc labourers, and
" their l.mploycr^, arc ftUi'i^a'i, commonly Natives ol,
" or near tlic I'luce. Tiie Mei\Ianu arc the £<w:ani of
" 6"*:: r.i;, wh.) lor fome Genrratior.s have foiUkcn their
" own l-oui.try to take up tins 'I'ladc in wliich they lave
*• had I'ueh .Suitil's that lis n<,w |i)l(.ly cngrollcd by thrm,
" wiiO, corrcfp-Jiidir.g wiilj their Countivmcn ia Suxat,
'♦ Ci,,', GoUcrJa, I ji'ftre, ./j'j, and biln, ami other
" I'lacis in /^j'/j, tuiiulh them all with Dumuni.b.

" The Uoveriiors vi the Mines art alio liloloters. In
•' the Knit; of (i..'itiiJ»j's IXxr.inions a T<iUH^a Brammte
" ni'ts n'oft i)f thnii, wliok At'tLcnu-nt wuh die Aiivt;.-
** luur is, that all theSu'iies lound under a P.i^cda Weight
" at.- to Ik: dx-ir own •, all tlut Weight oiul lUiVc is to be
•* his, for tiK. King's VQ. Rut altiuiL.gh ihii Agietment
" be figned ar.d lialed, he mines not «t all the Ftrtor-
" ii;a!:ve ihervel, but endeavours to mgiols all the Profit
" t.) Iiin.'tlf, by tyuiiiiically lnucti-ing Ujth Meithanti ar.o
" Mii.eis wv.o l.c not only uxo veiy hi;:;h, but main-
*' tainctli S^-p.s an.ong them o! their own Ftyplc. On the
•' liaA Sulpicion that tii.y have been ariy ways foituiiatr,
♦' he immedutely makes a DoinauU (.n them, and raiirs
•' ih- ir Tax, ilti on a fal!;; I'attnec, iJiey have Jound a
" g!cat Sti ne, druls limn ti!l they luiuudcr what they
" l..ivt, to ttdcf m tia.1.- lkid;es from 1 onwc.

'■ iitfultt, tilt r.xtire is II) lu;-',h I'li «11 llirts of Frovifions,
" llitlt and TobuLCO, which wi;h tlicjii arc (llecm-d
" N( cflari'.' , t!i4l the I'l.tc <>f J| '; ,',;iij;s is doubted i by
" whuh C'ouik thcie is lurdly a Ma.i to be found worth
•' i.vc hui.i'rul I'u'Jinis amoDxll thrm, nioQ ol them dcal-
*• il g l.y Muii.is ukcn up at Ti^terell ol llurers, wlw re-
" f:Jc liitic puijxjiely to lurnilh them, who with the Go-
" Viii or eat \.\i tlmr dan.', Ui tliai oise wimld wonder
" any ot iluni ihoUd ftay, and not Utjke tlumfelvcs to
•• I'laecs where tJi< y might luve Ixrttcr C'lag.-, 44 there air
'* ii:any in other (j'^Vinimenii;, ai.d fonn: tc* tlut havr
'• the Seiile to uiiiovc i tut ii.any tlicj- DcbLS, otliei^
•' l]«;<s of a ^ycat li.i, details. Btth Mtielunt and
" Mi:i( I go gentially i..;ktd, 01.!) a } oer tloth about their
" Mi,i lie, .md i.'ifir Salh on thur llia^ls-, ihey daic not
'• vtiAt a (.'lai, Icli tJ;e Ciovtrnor fhould tay tluy have
•' thnstn Jiintli, m\<\ art lith, and to ri.u:ge his Demand*
♦' ont'.iin. 'I he wifell,whe:i ihey fuid a g.i^t Stmic, luii-
*' e-al It tiii d/y have a;i <.>pjH,:tuiiity, and then with
** W,jv and Ch.Iilren lun ali uv.ay 11 tu ihr I ijiapuit Coun-
" tiy, wlitrc thty arc lirtute. 1 in; Goveimiitr.i in the
" /. >(/"'' C'viji.ny li I* .... . M.tii Agicen,«iiisol.ftiVtvl,

'■ 1 ... > uiii. , ^,\ i.u ! ., ;, l;m.jliUv.il» 0:1 I'loVlUtii.S -f

" the Merchants go hamlfomely rlad, amon" *!,„«
•• fcveral i'ertons of ccnllderabic iMt.,.,. irZ^
•| permitted to enjoy peaceably, by leal.m wlu.r,„, ij

Mines arc much more populous, and bet.er cnufe
" tlun thole ot (joUoiula ' ' • ^

It is tor the lame Ueafon, ihnt I have omittc J »,]«,
Miiprolxiblc Story ot a Bird callea a /i.,, ot f„ch * r !
ftrous Size, as to be able to eariy an hleplum muuiIki'.w
which Ablurditicj our Author w.is prukiUy inmaii'
believe, by the rtrangc Things he liaily law ,n thci'c h.i,
ot the World, and ot winch the IVoplc in£«r.t,h».
not fo much as the Icall Idea, i h, k u.niiiitn^ j tiLu
requifite tor keeping the Work withm Ikiuiuls, 4, |,Jv
ing no Inchnation to try the I'atienec ot my Rtjd,n
by intrting any more of thcfc old IVavels tluii icraiab'
folutcly ntcelVary lor tonneCtii,_n the kviril t'arts ol thij
Pifeourfe, and liiewing how, in wh.u Maimer, .inj b»
whom thole t;rcit Uilcoveries wire made, wliJdi emW-j
the dill'ercnt Nations in t.uroi<e to carry on liicruta \ult
31 they do to all I'arts of the ta/hLmi'i. i|,i,, Wuhmi
doubt, was ori;,inally owini; to this Work of .\Lra i'm,
who, though no (icograplw'r or .^eanun liinikif, yujcij
fuch clear and evident I'roofs ot the hillibility of rta>:;ir,n
the moll ihllant Parts of ^l/ta by Sea, tlut h'u Worii w*
more ellcemcd in Vcrittgui, where the liril Spirit ol D.Wiv
very apj)carcd, than in haly itiell. Ic remani, m lim
Place, to give a Ihort Account ol the Names h) wliulil«
has dillinguilhcd the Countries he vilited, anJ jurj-ularly
to anfw<r the great Oiijeclwn raillil againlt iiit U,.rl;
from his not making ar.y Mention ot the famous Wjll i,)
Cbina for keeping out the '/..r.wj, wkdi llioll be Ux
m as lew WoiJs as polliblc.

Our Author following exactly ilie Seniimer.ti ef ilu
Terlars, ilillinguifhes all thi:. great Luuntry into two Vms
'.'(Z. Ciitbay .and Man^t, aliout wkili iiuny Douhn luic
bcrn raifcd, and nuny Dilputes Ut on l-'oot withuut^v
jull Grounds, Imcc it is very pl.un, that i.mi. r the iW
mination of Catbay, jMarcit Fo,'o euinireiiendi the lix
northern I'rovincej ot Cbinu -, ami uniicr that cf Muii
the nine Southern Provinces, wliiJi are li-paratcd Ueiiiih!
former by ibc great Kiver Ki.wg -, and when we cuiit
herealter to treat ot the jvckni State of the K.miw of
Cbma, we fluil take Oicafion to Oiew, ;!ut dii. l)cla,|;.
tioii ot lus agrees very well with the Uit Accounts ul ilwi
Laiipin*. 'Ihis will !<• the m< re intciiigible to the Ka'cr,
when he w informed, that tiie •Icrlan ihll prefetve a-if
Very torins ot Speech, that is to lav, give thcNimeif
C<3thay to tlic Northern P.irts, and that of Mi>i^:^i u 6(
.Southern Provinces ot iibtHa. As to ths iattci, 11 m
Name of ContemiJt, for Muit'^i, in the I iirt.tr Toiigit,.n)-
J)!ici Hdriurians, and lt» they eil:emei' the Cbin.t !y !>.-,nit
liom the Brutality of th( ir Maanci , but Itoinihwa-
travjgant Haughtmefs and Prule, aiul rfjiecully Iroai irjt
iiifjlerable Hatred and Contciiip! widi whuii tluy trcjtri
the iiirtars tlu'mlclves. ihc plain Kealo.n why oik .\u-
llur i!id not mcnt;un tie t..mo'..s W.ili m t'i;w, w.i<, K--
caulc he entereii it by the lou:hetu Piov.;t.Si anJ as^e
continc, hitnlrll to the Placis he law, or to lui.h««(rf
ill their Neighlxnirhood, and prol;.\utcs liu DiUrrti-n
trom the Wtltcin Parts i.l Lbin.i to the Sii, ii»u..'ii-
lA>ir.l>Ie he (liould take Not.vc ot it; lo that wlwi «f
confider thii Matter aiieiiiivrly, ic is v.-ry I'laiii, i::in.'i«
Circuiiillancr, inltcid ot Llkiimg liie Credit ol Mm
Valo, ought, in Tiuth, tei llrengtlien it very niik'', liiiff
it is a convincing Proot ut the 1 luiii ot whit Ik lui
afiriti-d in relatitJii to his ownTr.ivels, and li:5 Ucii.ri;nort
of tlic Couniriti ihiou;',h which he p.illaiv a.i.l cvukntly
fhcwi. he did not anuile himleh w::li Account.* olCoun-
iKcs and IVoVinees of whieh he ciui'd Uy iwtlwg but
ttom kepoit, tu which, 1: Ik- had hllaied, hu KiUlw
mult have Urn much mure obKwre and pcijlcsal ilui>
we find It at prefent. But it is now I line lo i^ruwl n
thr C oiichifion ol this -Section, by ihewiiu- the AilwiU-
ges that may be obtained by the PuuUl ol .A/j.'.»M'
Trav.f, ui order to the thoroup.ii l.nUenUiMing "' "'''
Subject. And this we Hull |H.-itoim as lo.Mlcly ii\^mf,
and in lui h a Mai.nrr as nuy dile ni;ag. u ■ IrcMi tiir .>«'ji-
lity ol iuukuig uilo aiiy iiioic ol tiiticoW Un!ii>'''"'=
luiui... J

Chap. H.

^ Marco Polo.

625

19. As the Inhabiunu of EMropi received tlic firfl. di-
(lant Accounts of the vaft Country oiCbina from our indu-
Urioiii ymlioiu, l"o from them like wife they had the
rlcarell «nd bcft Account of the Revolutions that had
li8i)|KHcd in that Empire by the Power of the Tartars j a
Tiling of liich Confequence to the right Underllandiiig
what lublequcnt Travellers have related, that I will be bold
to fay all the DilHculties and Difcouragemena diat i;ave
Ixen thrown in our Way, and have fo long hindered our
inakinB » f'S''' ^^'^ °' ^^^ '"""X Colleftions of Travels
alrraily publilhcd, have arifen in part from a Humour
that lor Ibmc Time prevailed, of treating M/trco Polo't
Kriatiun as a Romance, and partly through the Miltakes
ni,nli: by thofc, who for Want of having Sufficient Lights^
and the Materials that were requifite, undertook to explain
the Hilbry of the Irruptions of the Tartars into Cbina,
iiiulciKiruvourcd tomakc the Dates and Fads mentioned in
thclb Travels, tall in with their Accounts, acculing, at
rviry turn, the Author of iMrors and Faults, of which
iht'iiilHycs only were guilty. To remedy thefe Diforders,
iiinl to make the Way plainer for the future> we flialli
without running into a long Difcufllon of what other
Writrrs have advanced^ obferve, that there have been
three diftinft Conqucfts of Cbixa made by the Tartars, of
lacli ot which we fliall give a clear and diflinft Account
in very few Words. The firft of thefe was by the Eallcrn
'Iiirliirs, who, before the Time of Zingis-Khan, made
fhemlclvcs Matters of the Northern Provinces of China,
iiml lixtil the Seat of their Kmpire at Kbanbalick, Caiiiia-
III, or l^ekiH \ and thi», as I conceive, gave Rife to wliat
b cilk-d the Emj 're of Cathay \ concerning which, all our
jnciciit Writers in ^ijeneral deliver the.nfclves with io much
Coniulion, fometimes reprelLnting Cathay as a Part of Tar-
Mn', lonictimes again comprehending under that Name
ilic whole l-'.mpire oi China -, and at others, diftinguilhing
it Ironi both. But from this DilUniftion, it clearly appears,
that though the ancient Empire of Cathay was lituated in
Ctiiia, yet it was an Empire railcti by tlie Tartars ; and
that liom want of attcmlmg to this, fo many Millakes
liave bern introtluced.

'1 he Prince who governed Caibay in the Time of Zin-
fii-kidtt was Altan-Kban, againll whom that great Conqut-
lor mavlchis lird Attempt, in tlie Year 1206, and that with
liiili Siictels ;is to oblige this Monarch, after various De-
Icilsto Ihiit himlelf up in the City ot Cambalu, and to llic
tnral'dte, which, with mucli Difficulty, he obtained;
lor the Confirmation of which he yavc his D.iughter in
Marri,iu;o to Zingn-Khan. This P'Mce was but of veiy
lliKit ContiniuncL •, for Altcn-Kban, having a Jealoufy that
li'inc (it his Nobility held lacelligente with his Enemy, he
nil nuiiy of them to death j and finding the northern
I'lriv ol his Dominions in a manner walled and dcpopu-
laiiil by the late Invaiion, he retired to the City of Nan-
kin, whuh his Eatlur had fuitiliul with three Walls, the
lall ofwhiili was forty Leagues in Circuit, .and kit bis
.Son in Policflion of kbanbaUck and of the u.ljaccnt Coun-
tiifs, I'lie rtll of the Nobility, enraged ;it the Inltanccs
tit Seventy bcfore-nientioned, and at the laine timedoubt-
ini? thru own Safety, had immediate Ketouiie to Zin-
I'i Ki.iii, and drew him a fecond I'imc into Cathay,
«'l:rn' he made himlilt Mailer of the Imperi.il City ot'
('■iimlniiu \ the News of wliith Accident alleCtcd Allan-
t^l'Mi to luch a l)e<;ree, that he poilbnevi hinili.lt'. 'I'his
lia|»[K'iicd about the Year 1210; and thus the ■Iiiriurs
b'lainc Malb rs of tlie northern Parts of Chuhi. Tlu y
umiimied their Contjuiih under the Reign of the Succef-
I' !■ >it /.iiigis-Kban, till the Emperor, who reigned when
<'iir .'Viithor was in thefe Parts, ViZ. Coplai-Khan, who in
il» Viar li-S, complcated the Coiiquell of Mangi, or
til'- li.utliern I'arts of Chtna.

I'he Bounds ot /.ingis- Khan's Conquelb on this Side,
^us the River Uoan^ -.'but his Siiecelfors annexed all tlie
Cduntiy between that River and the Rivtrol Khui;^. All
'ill" rcll were (iilxlucd by Cupl.ii Khan, and Ins i,.ient;al
^' Jf». This was thi fecond Conquelt made by the Ttir-
['"■J, who not only dellroyed the Empire formerly elfa-
blilhcd by their Countrymen in Cathay, but alto that of
til'- native Chineff, which had liiblilted" for lb many Ages.
I'lii* lliort Recaiutulatiuii lets this AlVair in its true Lu^lit,
NuM«. XHil.

and not only explains what Marco Peh has told uf, and
reconciles hii Accounts with thofe of later Authors, but
alfo connedls his Uclation with that of Riibrnquis, and even
thofe of the jlrabian Travellers i fo that taking the whole
together, we have a clear and fatisfavilory View of the
Affiiirs of China^ to that which 1 call the fecond Conquert
by the Tartars \ but as the Affairs of this Country were
entirely changed again before the Arrival of the Poriu-
gueft by the Way of the Cape of Good Hope, I think it
will be for the Rentier's Eafe and Advantage to have this
Hiftory coiiduiled to its Clofe before wc enter upon the
Difcovcrics and Conquclfg of the Portuguefa becaufe
otherwife, when wc tome to fpeak of thj Chinefe as
again in the Polfcllion of their Country, and again driven
out and conquered by the Tartars, it mud necelTarily in-
troduce infinite Confullon. It is from the Chinefi Writers
that wc have the Reigns of the Tartar Emptors who fuc-
cceded Coplai-Khan, and of whom there is very little men-
tion made in the IJillorics of the Tartars.

The Chineje, us 1 before oblcrveil, called this new Im-
IK-rial Family I'litti, uiiil bcftowcd the Name of Chi-T/ou
upon Copli-Klaa, of whom their Hiltorieslpeak with the
utmoll Ueverence, anil whom they celebrate, for his hav-
ing opened the great Canal mentioned by our Author,
and which has been evir liiuc jullly coniidered as one of
the Wonihis of China. It is three hundred Leagues in
Length, and nine thuiillind Imperial B;»rks are] coiiituntly
employed thereon, in tranlporting ihe Tributes cf the
fouthern I'rovinci s to Cambahi or J'ekin, ami in other Ser-
vices, Thele Writers place the Death of this Emperor
fomewhat lower than the Tar.ar 1 lillorians -, for the for-
mer fay, that he lived to the Age of fourlcore, and died
J. D. I2yf,i whereas the lattii pl.ice that Event in 1292.
He W.IS fueteeiled in the Emiiire by his Grandfun, v^hom
our Author calls 'Jiinitr ^ but in the Chiiieje Chronicles
he is lUleil ^(/'/'w^-'/ya/zi,' i and as his (Grandfather excelled
in Power, lb he tlilUnguiflied himfeit by his Clemency and
the Love of his Subjects. After him leigned feven other
Princes of his Family, all of whom were no Ids iilullri-
ous on the feme of their pcrlbnal Virtues, than glorious
from till ir polU'lling I'o large an Empire : And it is very
remarkalil ■, that the Chint/c Hilfory renders fo great Ju-
llice to this f mi<;n Race of I'rinces, as to Itiij the Period
in which iluy ruled over China, the ■:..ife .'dminljlration.
The lalt ol them was Cl'iin-ti, a Prince of great natural
iMulownients but who untiirtunately gave luniUlt up to
Prietls a.i i Women, kavin;;; the Management of tl;e Af-
fairs of the Empire entirely 10 hi'. Prime Miniiler. The
Tartar Sohliers, tlirou[;h lo lon^; a Peace, had loll their
original Diliiphne, and were Ivcoine llutliful ai;.i cilenii-
nate, wlmh lo t.iil'ul ll e Courajic of the Chimft; that they
bega'i lo Ibew a |)il|ioru;iiii to revolt ■, .mk\ one TiJ.ou, an
obkiire Perfmi, who had been no bitter than a F(;otiTian,
luviniJ!, put Innilell at the 1 lead of a Body of Malcontent?,
reduced many ol llie |';ie,ii Cities in the Empire; and be-
caiiii, by Decree:., In pi)w, il'ul, that he twice dci'c.itcd the
Iiiipuial Army, and at lall loicetl ilie'7i7r/(;rj to abandon
(hiita, ;Uter liny had been poli'cil'ed of it ninety-nine
■i'eais. 'J'liis Revolution linppi/ied in 1370; md Tchou
having by his Siucel.s in tlii.-i War raifed hinill If to the
liiipeiial 1 111 one, ali'umed the Name of Tai Tfoti, and
fixed his Imptrial Kefulcnce in the City of Nankin,
And thus ii wa'. th.il the ChinrJ?, having expelled their
Coi'.queiuf, rnoveied ihe Dominion of their own Coun-
try.

.As lor tlu' Emperor Chii'i li, he r .icd with his T**?;--
tar Suliji^ts luirthwnds, and died ol Cnief and Vexation
about iwo Years al.M this Ri volution happened. 'I'hc
iarlars that Weri' ilui. eX|>elled, having a Ibong TinLlure
ol the Ci(';.vr;/t' tullnii)', did not join with the iclt of the
;U«i;«/., bill bitkd tlu'iulelvis in the Country of I '■aoton,
anci weir, Irom this I'iiue f(iriv:;i.i, lliled the Nicuchct
Mi^iil.1, or Mi'\^iili if the Lall, to diilinuuifli tluni from
the oilier M'f^iilf, who were called Mot^ids cf ihr d'-j}.

This del'ait (.ountiy they cultivated with the utmoft
Care, built theivin Uvei.il conliderable Cities, and jirac-
tiled lliat liululliy which they had learned by ccnverfiiU!;
lo loni; with the dhimf » yet,' in loine RUpeChs they rtill
uLiineda I'lm-hiiv ot tli'ir aniient MaiuuTs •, lor, inftcid
7 1 1 •f

k:'i tli'^i, -. I,'

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\vh '^ii

6i6

7lk' rO TylCE S and TR yl VE L S

Book I,

hanged himlclf on a Tree in his Ganlmr '/vTj^-im'
mrtlMtrly took thr lule of Fmpfror, and rndca^ired,
hy all the Methods h<- coukl lirvil?, to bring over to h^i

of rfn\iininp firm atiil iinitdi, wliirh n-rincd to lie tlir little Piirpofc, new Troiihles arpfe In the W (\,-
iir»ly Means lett for rerovenng again the Dominion"; they vinces, where fevcral Hands of Thieves and'^Hl" '^
hfiii !i>0. they fplit themrclvcs into feveral little I'rincijia- men committed the molt extr.iv3t»,)i,t OutracM • '^'^
lities under il) many Kh-Mii-, who, thoiiph their 'I'crrito- lad:, under thr Command ot one Av.cmm;, an ol!f ''"' ' ''
ties were not very wide, maintained nrvcrthelef"; their infamous Fellow, plundered IcvrralCifrr, and rv'"^'^i'f
Independemy. Among the moll ronruirralilc of thofc HrovincTS, whiriiencr«\ilirp,rheN^iinKr()hh('irPV <T
Citiei which they creifed, weir Kirm, Vh, and Kin- Rebel had at iait lufficient Power to attempt the Siibv'f
kriia, all three of them feated on the Weft Bank of on of the l-'mpirr. i^ wis with tliis View that hem -^vi
tie River San^oro, which falls into the great River /hnxr dirertly to Pekin, where in three Uays he heramc M i^
about twelve Days Journey aliove itv Mouth. The City of the Place, "ud the Kmperor finding himlelfabaniio'^''^

of iV/r;» is dillant from the I'rorincr of I^neten aboutthrei ' ' ' '' "' " '"' '"''^•

hui'dred and lixty Miles. The City ot Via is in LatitiKlc
44* 20' N. and was conrul< r.d as the Capital of the Ni-

tUkhen AU^ulj. The Kh.ui of Via however was far fmm Interelt Oii-fan-fvei, who was General of the Army 1
being a conluieralile Prince, had no fort of Su|)eriority againll the Tarian, an<l the only Perron capah!' iV M
over the reft of the Kh.-.'. ol the Palfern ftfr/art, was put;nt» with him the PolTellion ('•{ CHi.i. Mut (irncrsi
witncut Allies or Relourcis l^eynnd the Power of his own however rejeflctl all his Offers with Contempt, which oh
Subjects i and yet, as we Ihall (hew hereafter, it was this ligtxl I.ye iwf^x to take the Field tm^-- again, ami lo inari'.
Khan LV.;, that had tin- Courapc to umlert.ike, and the a^ainft hini with his numerous Arniv; Oii-r,in-'>!m «ho
p(i(xt Portune to accomplilh the third Con(]uell if China* : (aw that if was liirply im(x>lfinlc forliim to think olmaS
B'Jt at prtl'ent we will leave the 1arl,trs tultivating their in{^ head at once ajjainft the llfurpcr a'l.l the ftff/jr- r:-
Dclarts, and return to the new-founded KiDpirc ot 'hhou, folvetl to make Terms with the fairer Piiemy of thc't*
and hii Dcltcniiants. and t lien ujxjn invited Zwt^/-/^ to ccmc to his Afliltaric'

1 Ik Dynally, toundeii bv thi-. Prince, was » alletl A//<rf, This was precifely what the the •rari.tr Princi delird
and the P-mpcror, who, as I have faid l)etor<', allumeil the and therefore he made no Diir.cultv ot cpnnilyini^wr'ih'
Name of '7iJ/ 'Ijou, rcij^neil thirty-one Vrars with threat D mand. He left five thouUnd ct irn own Tree's in ;'•
Glory,and left the F,mpiretohis(jraiulfon,who lyiilhcdiii Province of Ixactan, and then nutr.'rd with ten tlioiiiir'
a Civil War, and was luiceeded by his lImle,who, luvmg ^rrrtnrs, ami twenty thoulaiul ot the Inhahitans oi tu;
been tornieriy Kin{^ of yVi-iwf, transferred the Seat ot the
Pmpire tiiithcr. The fixth Imprror of this Panuly was7>r_^
Tlcn<(, under whole Reign the 'Tartan made nrw Iik \ir-
fioris into China \ tooppoll: them, theb.mixiror marched at
the Head of a threat Army, and purfuing them confulera-
biy lieyond the tainous Wall, thiy luiKlenly tac<(l-ab<)ut,
attacked, and deteatet-ror
Pnlonrr. I lis Son, who was Ixit two Years old, wa^. ail-
ranced to the 1- inpire, and the Brother of the captjve P.rn-
peror, whofe Name was King it, dcdaicd Protector, wliuh
Promotion gave him an Opportunity of fci/ing the l-.m-
pire. The 'Jarian, fome Time atier, rrlealcd J'ng Tjtnfi,
who ch<'fc however to lead a private IJfe, and .leave his

Brother in PofTvUion of the P'.mp-re, winch he enjoyed to his Army towards Ptktn. The victorious Allies contin.tl

their Purlliit without th" kali Intermiirion -, and on t.".'-
drawing near i!ic City, the Cbineff (j^^i:rx\ iiiadi" Pnx'i-
mai:on, that all luch a.s did not take ]iart with tiie l: ■
jer, Ihould tnm their I lories att^-r the Manner ot;-
Tartars, that tluy might the more ealtly dillinguilh t.ffr
on ail Occafions. Thr. Strataj^eni iiad a'< grjat an lliift
as a Iciond Victory; Such Muitu i.ics decUrcd tiKni'.vs
agjinlf the lilurpr, that tinilins; it aWokitr.'y imj-ofi'.'
to inainiain his Ground, he tint plumteral thelin;:';i,
City, and tiirn retiird with his .\rmv loaJ.-d with fe
VViu-n the Allies were in PolUtJion ot P^k.n, it ■ti'^mi

Country to the Relief of the Chimfc (iciieral, whorecnvjj
hmi with j;rrat Joy. riiiy nMrched togetlKT dinttlv -o-
wards the LTurper, and when thcv wrrciipn th? Vo'siiA
givin;', him H.ittlc, Ztm^t-hy oblcrved, m a ContettM
he had with the Chinek General, that, as the l>e!t Rmot
tlie I-orces of the hmpirc, ami el(H:cially sholi- ot •?:
fouthern and wellern Provinces were cxtrrnielv atrii.i •,;
the Tartars, ir woulil Ix' very cxptiicnt lur him tjc::
the Tails of his Horlis attcr tiuir Manner ; by whic.'i
Mearis the ,^rmy ot the Uuirj'cr would take them ali Icr
iartars. Ou-fan-ptn folk iwmg the .Advice of the Kin\
it had to gcKxi an P.tl'iCt, that the Kebils were totaliv de-
feated, and /.Tcsfffz obliged to (ly with the Rcmar.iii! '.

his IVath i and then tlve old Itmjxrof was again fcatcd on
ttie 'Throne,

1 he eleventh Emperor of this Race was Chi Tfon^,
w!io had the gcKl i-'ortune to de; :at tjie Tartars in fevcral
Battles ; and it was under hr. Reign tliat the famous
frantis XirAtr preacheuthe Ch.'ilhan Religion in thel.alf,
where he died in \c,t.i. The l'm|X-rui Cbiijonj^ teigneu
fcrty-livc Years, in the latter Part of which tlie Govern-
ment liegan to decline very lintibly, as it contiiiued to do
under all his Sjreeliors, down tn lloai Thm(, who w.is tlit
liJttcenth and lalt PmiJcror 01 the Family of Min»;. It
was under h<. Rtign that /k't^/'/t', who V • ••' (.an ot <7/tf, that Z,un)>ih, with his Fores flw.ild remain tnrn:

the Seturtty of the Place, and tiiat Ou-Jun-pei, with.l;!
Army, Ihould purlue the Ulurptr t;!! liidi Times as r
F.iid could Iv put to t!ic War.

T'h- f.une Arts, or rather the fame Virtues Iw *!;:'
the Tartar Prince had t^uned (he Aliictiunsot th?Pnv

ttrmfi the Defign of making himflif iVL ':i- of Ci^na,
nntwirhlianding that all liic Force l»c wi\ ul k to raile
did t.ot exceed fifteen ihou!'and Horle. He b-.gan witli
tnterii'.g into private Intngurs with torn*' of liie Ciinrje

Manlanns wIkj were exiled into the Piuvind- of Iju- _ - ;,

Clan, hy whole AfTdbnce, he (om l-ecatne Math r ot a great pi-.- of Ijeacl,r>, pro.!u.ed the like LoiilequeiKCS amor;;:!

I'ortof that Puvmcc. The b mjKrror lent agaii.tUum an tf»e Inhabitants ot Pikin -, and, as on tde one luid, in

Army niorc than fuflicient to have forced him tuik into were weary ot living without the Siipfort and I'roieflm

his own Country •, but he had I.) much Addrels, as to pre- ot a (iovernor, lo they tlattcred thc-inlelvcs on tiieutw,

vent thf principal (^Jfticris ol this Army from doing their with enjoying all imaginable I lappm,K under a Pn'rtci

Duty ; lo that l)y Degrees, he maftettd all the reil ot that lo much ITuiiunity and lo \'\x.n Ahiliiirs as '^W",

Provime, and at Lift took I'lilfcflion ot its Capital ». and therefore, almoll of thi u own Arrord, tlxy -.Kii^t-

While this Scene was tranlocted in the VaW, and the him FmiKror in the Ablence(,t tiie C7;»/"V<ifntrjl, «rii

whole Force of the C}>infft Fimpirc cmpicjycd there to lo hail hiinlelf Views ui>on the Thione, la which he hauV'»

i At pftJenl all ihe rafttm fmrtan » fubjefl to the Ckimrf, Frnperori. .-rul t> ttiviJea into two Pirti i tiif Srft toruim »bj| "'■y^^j^^.
t*it\uy IXmumun* 01 ihc Kuniljr now ftin-iing in t'Aiir*. It 11 divided into itirte (iovt/niiirni!, miJ ilic liitubit.iiii> arc iliiiiiii;iiiilieil oy i*< ■ ~-
UA/.../,;,i..r 'Ihf Caf.ulodlii. lounirv 11 oik-d \,y lit I,.luil,iui:;i iiifmfe'vf. A/-,^j.., t- 1 Ijv :Ik' (.■-,../ (./.„?:.■»;, wl'-cti.-" it"^"/'; '
wcllir p'cd, and «tl!(citiit*l lu),»htn iftetc 11 a S<Atici([ii 'I'ribjrul (orifrtidine «'l \ftim ui n'.i'x 1 ilir tXmi nioii- "I ";"''".., jl'".
Pifl of Uiif Cnuntry 11 lliil undrr (he IXxiiinitjn nf u, own Ptmcrt, who tu*e llic fiile of Kli.im, vificli ilicv rttrivc Ircm. ind art iiH"
Kni|>nof of Ci.M. I'he Inhabilonti anrc^lltd li;ni>ly iVftojc/;, or Mtufi.i, and the Luuntr)- p..Hc< alio under the lame l)cnimim.iUon _^

•■ Ai :i 11 net mjr Inteniton 10 gi\c the KeaUc; la-re a Millury of (.A,»4. but barely 10 mention lucli VMt a% m.iy be "'y'^f>.."?'" ■^Tj^.,'',
httn re!a:ed before, and may otcjr in fuvietdnii; \oyiigcs, I dij not tiiir.lc rinfflJ' obligtd 10 inenuon ull the Fmpfr^ri oftli. I iiiii,v,Jiu-

il'n;bn«iuf''

luve touched on!)' <m ihe Rr.pn of iuch »i nnvl t belt arifwtr my I'urpofc.

' Thefe titlx are l-iinewlut Jiffcrchiiy wlaitd by .lirtcrent Hiibiiaj,, ; but I hi»e Riven them the Reader from the Collection- .« 1 r ^ ^^^^
ulien great Paitu 10 ina^e himfcll Ma.urodhe (.titrj. It il'ur,. which he may rrobalai* be pntv*ileJ ujjon 10 pubUih v-het\ li;ih.m(i '!!"«• ' •-
Id ijctt I.. I li.fpcitha-, of itn LntiCf.i.

(iiap. ir.

o/ M A R c o Polo.

ti-f

probably furccedcd, if he liad not been tliiis out-witted by
the lartar Zungh-hi, who foufeeing how different a thing
It might prove for him to maintain himllit in l^oUcflion
f)l io great an Empire, witli li.ch a handful of J-'orccs,
was no fooner (rated on the Imperial Throne, than lie in-
il.mtly dipatched Advice ot Ins good I'onune to the
Khans ot E'Ji Tartary, who were Princes of his own Fa-
mily, inviting them to com'.', and ihare with him in ib rich
aConqueft. lins was certainly a good Expsdient for fecu-
riiig hiniltlf againft the luKlcnel?, or Infidelity of the Cbi-
tiijf , but at the lame 7'ime, it vilibly expofed the new Em-
j)t r.ir to the Danger ot being undone by his Auxiliaries -, for
iw: Kliaiis of the Tartars, who on the firlt Summons hallen-
t..i to his AlVillancc, had certainly in View, the dividing
liitr Chmeje Empire amongll them i but Zungi-hi was a
I'linie ot fuch VVildom and Penetration, that he inimcdi-
atiiy ditiovered the Danger to which he ftood exiHjfcd,
arai prcvideil againft it, with a Sagacity equal to his I'c-
ntration. Me divided thcfe Corps of Tartars as foon as
tlicy cntred his DominionB, fenc lor fcveral of their Princes
to .''ii/«, and in a fliort Time fo feparated them trom
eatii other, rhat they became abfolutely his SubjeCb, and
wire unable to adt otherwifc than was conducive to his
Service. In the Conqued and Settlement of China, this
•lartiir Prince Ihewed all the Courage and Capacity of
lu'.uis, all the Policy and Conduit ot Auguftus Ca-jar, by
which he throughly accomplifhed the third Conqufii; of
Cbmu by the Tartars, which happ'ne(i in one thouiami fix
himdreil forty and four, alter the Chinefe had preferved their
Ircedoni lor two hundred fixty-dx Years".

This new Race of Tartar Prince^ which ftiil continue
to reign in China, lor the twenty-tecond Dy.ially uftiieir
Moiiaichs, which is dillinguillied by the Name of 1/mg \
K is however very remarkable, that Zungi-bi is not ac-
counted the firft of thole F.mper<irs becaufe he died al-
nioll as foon as he was leated on his Throne, and before
he was entirely (lollcfled ot China, leaving the Empire to
his Son Chun-Tcbi, who was then no more than fix tears
Vcars old, and to whom his dying Father afTigned his
Brother .hnal^'aH lor his Guardi.ui. So early a Minority,
one would have imagined, mutt have been tatal to the
new railed I'.mpire-, bm ylina-y>in, during the Non-Age
of his Nephew, conducted all things with fo much Wif-
ilom and Fulelity, that when the young Em|ieror came to
take til'.' Reins ol (jovcrment into his own Hands, he
found liimlcit in as full I'olTeflion of his Dominions, as if
they had defccndcd to him from :i long Line of Ancef-
tors 'J'he Emperor Chun-Tihi was himfelf a Perfon of
fxtraoriiinary Abilities, eal'y and aliable amongll his So'
ti;(Ts, wile and prudent in his Councils and to refined a
I'uutician, that uniler Colour of executing the Laws with
ixactnefs, he took ofl" ail the great Men in China that
wue e.ipible of giving him either l-alouly or DilUiibancei
io tiiai alter a Reign of leventeen Ve.irs, he left the Em-
pire [itrfciilly fettled to liis Son, who was but cigiit Years
old.

'I'lic Name of this Prince was Caiig-bi, lie w.is railed
to the Throne in the Year 1662, and, during his Mino-
i;ty, the Empire was governed by •'^ur great Minillers,
who exccutetl their OfFices with the greatell VVildom
and Integrity, fo that this lecond Minority proved, not in
liic leall (.langcrous to the Empire. It is true, that the fa-
iiioiii Upimji tieneral Oiifjngin'i, took the Advantage of
it, Jiid endeavoutvd to Ibakc: otV the Yoke ot the Uirtars,
<it whom with equal Wit and Wililom, he laid, that he
iiad called in Lions to allift him in hunting Dogs. He
had lome Succelii at the Beginning, and might probablv
have lau'td at leall lume Part ot the Empire for himfelf
and his Polle-ity, if he had not been very old at the Time
<'f his Revolt, and died not long alter, whi>h gave the
Kmpcror's Minitlers an Opportunity of taking fuch Mca-

fures, as put it out of the Power of the Chintfi to rebel
for the future. Cang-hi fell nothing Ihort, cither of
ills Father or his Grandfather, !6 that it may be reckoned
an extraordinary Felicity, in this Family, that for three
Generations, there were as great Princes of it as perhaps
of any other in the World. This Emperor was extrcam-
)y careful with regard to two Points, the encouraging and
diflinguilhing ids Tartar Subjedh, and behaving with the
iitmoft Juftice and Moderation towards the Chinefe.

In the Beginning of his Reign indeed, he committed
fomc neceffary Mis of Severity, but when he found that
lie liad by this Means abfolutely broken the mutinous Spirit
of the People of China, he changed his Conduft entire-
ly, and applied himfelf wholly to the putting ev( ry thuig
ill the bell Order pofiible, for the Benefit of all his Subjedts.
It was with this View, that he obliged the Viceroys and
other Governors of Provinces, to adminilter Juftice with
Impartiality and Mildncfs, taking from them the Power
of jiunilliing Capitally, and obliging them to fend all fucll
Sentences to the fupreme Tribunal of the Empire. In
order to take away all Diftindions, and to render his Tar-
tar and Chinefe Subjects but one People, he eftablillicd
this Regulation •, he obliged the Tartars to wear the Chi^
ncfe Habit, and obliged the Chmffe to cut their Hair, af-
ter the Mode of die Tartan, and this upon Pain of
Death. It may feein ftrange, but it is neverthelefs true, that
many refuted to comply with this Order, and chole rather
to part with their Lives than their Ha'i, and that many
more abandoned their native Country, to fly into Places
where they might wear their Hair as long as they were
wont. But the Emperor's Edidl had notwithftanding the
defired EtFeiEf, that is to fay, freed him from fuch muti-
nous Spirits as might have difturbed the Tianquillity of
his Reign.

The moft important Employments, and the moft ho-
nourable Offices in the Governmenr, he gave only to the
Tartar: ; but then he made a Law, by which the Children
of Tartars by Cbinefn Women, or of Chinefe by Tartarian
Women, who w:rc bred up in tlie CultonriS, and were
taught tu fpeak the Language of the Tartars, were decla-
red capable ijf the higheft Offices in the Empire. He ",v.i
not more careful of the DomelTick th.in of the Foreign
Affairs of his Empire, which almoft all his Predeceflbrs had
neglected to a great Degree ; lor he not only reiiuced all
the Ealtern Tartars iiitirely under his Obedience, but made
two journeys into that Country, where he adii'itted all
Ranks ot Peojile freely t:) his Pretence, and thereby gained
the Love of the Mcgiils in t!ie liighelt Degree, As ior the
Tartan of the Well, he forced them to have refource to
his Piotedion, and not only drove the Qdmucks from his
Frontiers, but entering their Country alio in h.' ; Turn, took
from them the Provinces of Ch.imill and id; fan, which
lervc as an excellent Barrier on that Side lor the Chinefe
Empire '.

In his Perfon, and in his M.mners he had nothing of
the Tartar, and was fo perh cily acquainted with ever/ Go-
vernment in Europe, that he difcovirli-d. of them in a man-
ner that furprifed even the European^ Jiemielves. The late
Czar Peter the Firjl, fnt M. tl' J fm r. i loff mth the Charac-
ter of ills Emballador to the Chinefe Court, whom the
fc'mptror not only received with all im.aginable Politcnefs,
but at the firll Ardience prefented his Exccellcncy, a No-
bleman who .iccompanied him, and his Secretary, each
with a Golii Cup lull of Mead, by which they plainly per-
ceived that he was informed of the Czar's Ciillom, who
when he had a mind to diftinguilh any Foreigner, was wont
to prefent him with a Glafs of Wine with his own Hand.
'I'liis Emperor Cang-hi reigned with great Glory lixry-one
Ye.-.rs, anil died on the 20th of Dec. 1722. He left be-
hind him leventeen Sons, the fourth of which he declared
his Si'cceflbr, who at his Acceflion to the Imperial Dignity,

^ I'lie C4iVr«A HUlorlanj ihcmfehTs .-igrcc, lliat tliis Race of Frnpcrors were fui inferior to the Tnrlan, as giving tlicmfdves up too muclj to «
f'lri of Studies ihat were by no Meujis (iiTtable to their Digniiies. Sonic of them wire carried aw.iy by a vain Dcfirc of finding the V\ ater of Lifii ;
ii.a IS i Ki.id of Liiiu^jr, by drinking ef winch a .Man might become imniorul ; but with fo little Huccels, that tht I'.mpenir Ch-Tim died im-
" iJi^tily after he luil drank of this pretended vVjtcr of Lile, at the ,\gi: of lilty eii;ht. Others were pollciied with a violent Dchre of lindinB the
I'liilouipher's Sioiif, \ihidi indiK'd ilieni t.> l| end too much of their I unc in diimical Exi-crimcnt;. 1 lie tAe of ihcfi; MonaiUi. fufhcicntly lliew,
!"t tile ./,/ of t,Vur(,.«f«/ u the only Science wiirihy of the Alienlion of I'rir.Cis. , .. , n r > r i

' I las Hnnce look care to kciiie the Mo^mI^ o! tlir Ijll from liie .unbitious Defigns of the RuJ/lans. and for that l^urpolc mailc a very wile and
*i"iiour.il>le Treaty uiih ihe tzar /'..V' the /.•;?, for fculinj; the Limits of their teli'cilivclinipires, in Coiilequente ol which the tottii and Foarcin
ol ■ili.ji\ii:i{i\ uii! lU'inolilheil . „. .

allumeu

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628

7/6^ rOTAGES andrRAFELS

, "VjlflM,

Bookl.

•fiumcil the Name of i'ong Ttbing, i. t. Peace undifturbed. queror I have fo often mentioned. By purftiini; thi<; M

This I'rincc, who is laiil to inlicrit the Virtues as well as thoil, wliicli I have brought into the narrowed Coinpaljixii

Dominions of his Anctftors, was in quirt PonclTion of the fibir, the Reader will gain fuch a previous KnowUi,,.^
Empire in the Year 17^5, fince which we have not had

any certain, or at Ir.ill very important Accounts from China, any of the Voyap;rs to the Eall-India, citlicrTn" th'i"pt"'

ByihisDcdudionof thcC*/»r<'yMIiftory welearnaMul- 1— r-^ii.... ._...,:. 1 ..., —. -n

., , ,.,.,,-- ' previous Knowledge of I

great Number ot VttXi as nev^r to be at a Lois in m,{Z
any ot the Voyap;rs to the Eafi-hdics, citlifr in t'

_, . . . any ot'»"Collc(;tion, which, without filth an Intruvt on

tituJc of thing-; ntcciTary for the underrtanding fuch of it would have been abfoliitcly impracticable tor him to bvt

thcfubl'equentVoyagesasmention that Country, which was underHood, and that tor m.iny Rca'ons, ot whkh l ». 1

the Rcafon that I infifted ujwn it fo long; and we likewifc take the I.ibcrty to mention only a tew. ^ the fi,!

difcovcr the Ufcfulnefs of this Ibrt of Knowicilgc, with place then, every Voyagi hiuigj us net only intu ant*

refpctl to th- Voyages tliat have gone br»bre. We fee that Country, bur, if I may fo fjiealc, introduces us into i new

the C/'inr/c, witi whom our /frj/^ww Travellers converled, Company, with the Charai'hr of which, if we have nor

were quite anot.u-r lort ot People than thole that no^^ in- il-me pirvious Acquaintance, it i-; imixjd'.blc for U3 to Ix •«

h;Jjit Coiiu ; tor they were a pure and unmixed Nation, our l-jfe, whercai if wc know m general who and what

whereas the motlern Cbinife are in a great mealure incor- they are, we enter immediately into the true Sent of th*

poratcd with the Titrtars \ from whence it is eafy to difcern. Relation, and hear all that is told us witii i'lcallire, latlr

that great Alterations mull have happened in their Man- next place, it often happens, that either from the Far ii

ners, etj-ecially if we conl-.dcr the Charaftcr that R"huqui\ appearing teilious, or from tome dthcr Motivi', the Wnttrs

gives the Tartars, which comes much nearer tha>. jf the ot Voyages give us only Ihort HintsaslotheCiovcrnirer.i

motirrn Cbinefe than any tiling we meet with in the jlra- of the Countries thronf;h which they pats or the Chanuieit

biuH Writers. It appears likewifc from the Comparifon of of Princes that reign in them, which would U- utttr'vir

tlw Fads related by the /Irjbiaus with thofc mentioned by intellii'ible to fuch as never heard of them before, and vet

Mino Pch of the Peojile of Mangi, tliat bo'.h thefc Wri- tii;iy be fuflicient for the Information of thofc «ho l:iv'ci

tcrs muft have reported Things with great Fidelity, fime general Notion of the Polfure of things in chat Cwintr)' 4

they ipree in a Multitude of Particulars. The Conquert of the Time mentioned by the Author. La%, wcar.-bv

■ -«...._ . . this me.ms enabled to rt<ftify the MilUkes of H,ih\Vritas

the N'. thern P.irt of Cin'na by the Tartars, though not
e)fp;e!iiy mentiorcd, yet Ls plainly alluded to by the fecond
,/rab Writer i and as to the intire Conqueft of China bv the
lame Natio", we owe the tu!l Account of it to Marco Polo v
foi, without the AlTillante of his Relations, it would have
been a thing very <iiiRcuIt, if not impoflibic, to have dif-
covered, t.'^at Chi-Tfou was the fame with Coplai-Kkan, or
CuiI,iiK'.'.}>; !-".mjv.ror of tin- Tartars, who lytbrr he be-
came M.iilcr of their Country, wa.s called by the Chinefi
Ho-fi-lit '.

We likewid- learn from tliis fucciml View of the Ciiiifft
Hiftoty, tlut the Tarian, who now lOlTcfs China, arc the

to diflinguifli between the Truth and FalHiixji! otwiui thtv
relate, and to form a clc.ir and cjrtain Judgment of tx
* "'t of their Performances.

. may [x^.'^'lily be oljefled, that for the fame Rnf m
which have been offered in S4ip|H)it ot ilieic two Ihliir.-s
of the Cbittefe and cf the InJiif Knij-.irts we might bf
obligeil to write the Hiltory of all the otliir I'rinctMhi!
have reigned in rhe Uffer /tfu, which Oljjtdion, how-
ever, is nar at all fcundei) in FaCt, lince in the firll \k'.
the HiHories of all the little Princes in Indii arc vuyijj
from txring fo lucelVary as thofc ot tlicijp;tal Emjirts;

ver)' fame Nation that formeily poffefTed it, contrary to and in the ntxt, how necefliiry foevcr wc might ihiii

what foiue very learned Men afferrei', and which was gem ■
rally iKhivcd half an A[;e ago. Wc hkewife fee, that the
reigning Family in China arc- c!;r'.\'l IVf-cnJanfs of Ctt/'/rti-
KUiH, and conlcqurntly of Ziniii-Khnn, that famous Con-
queror, whofe Fmpire, as we have elfewhere thewn, was
the moll extcnfivc that has Lx-en hitheno known in tlie

World. Thelc Things are of very great Confec|Uence, if given, and to which .ill Uooks of \oy.inf', .mil Travta
wc read Wiyagcs tor the fake of improving and enlarcing thrniir^h the F.'i-huiies m\\i\ nrcefliinly nkr, it w«i
our Knowledge, and not merely for the fake of AinulV
ment, which, however.

IS ratlier encrealed than letTenetl,
by attending to theft- Circum(\.inces. We can eafily apprc-
Jitnd, afttr a little ReP.ed^ion, ilut in rhe Time f.t our
.trahian Travellers, and even in that of Mr.r.o Pdo, the
Chint/r Fmpire mult have been in a much lietter Condition,
Hfki its I'ra.le much more .*^ouiilhing th.in when it was litd
vifited fy the Pmu^mze, A«^,'//&and Duub. Betoreth-it
7 :me if hatl not biin exiK>frd to thofe cruel Ravages that
eiifuca lull on the breaking out of (hctr Civil Wars, and
next tiom the lall Lonfjueil liy the Tartars. Bcfides wc
can »i any time have Rciourfe to this fhort Miflory. when
wc are at a l.oi's as to the Fafls mentioned in fubfequent
Voyagr, and by compaiing the Times in which they hap-
pcne.l With the Dates iluit aie therein let down, obtain an
cafy Solution ot Doubf. that j^erhaps we could never othcr-
wile have got over.

It IS from tlir Confideration of thefe Advantages, and
that as far is in mv Power lie;, I might remove all Oblbt-
des whatlbever to the iK-itt a undcrftandit g of this .Sul i. ct,
that I have determined to give the Readc; in the next Sec-
tion a concife } Iiliory ni the other T/.r!ar I'n-.pirr in the

them, it is impolFible for us to write any liicii Hiflones.be-
rauCe the necelVary Materials for them are not to Ix' luund.
When therefore this Matter is (erioully confuiercd, itan-
jvais to l>e a new Argument in tavoiir ol our DcfigPi tor
lince then- have- been liut two great F.nipiies in thisi'anoi
tlie World, ot which anv ii.ll and regular .Account an tic

■ " ..y.iO
ily
Irem very ablurd and unrealonaWe, alter all the I'ainsw
have t.rken in t!ie d.i-ker Ages oi this liillufv, to dcciir:
that PcritKl ot it, which 15 at once the iricit uklul, ard
will apjx-ar by far tiie moll agreeahle to a modirn ]{<t!a,
as thf-re is not in the (.otnpals ot [J.iiveilil Hilforva.iK
Branch f<> full ot extraoidiii.iry Invents, or inwhkhihtrc
IK cur more lurpriying Turns aral Revolution? than iniiu!
which wc are about to |;ive.

Add to all this, th;it however delu ient llie reft ot t!«
()rierit;d Hiftori(s may be, we have abun.lai.tMatfriahfi-
this, and thofc too as excellent in their kird as can k ii-
fired ; for bf fidis the particular ReUiions aflbrdid us br
leveral Writers of Crct'it, v.'l-.o were adually on tbf Si«
when tholi- Fvents happ>e:.ed which they iv.ord, we be
very great Fights given us hy fiuh of the Oriental ^W^tt"
as have undertaken to cxplain'fhe I- veral Fx|)ec!itiomdrlK
Tartars, and elixrciallv thole of ilie famous Tm»r-«.
known to us hy the Name of lemerhnt, whole (. onqiKKs
though Iclsextenlivc, have, notwit!illie.iliii^,mail:agrtiin
higure in ovir f^ner d 1 l;llor:es th.in thole ut hh ghwJJs
Predecellbr /.tnv:-Khan. Belie,, s all which, wc havtllK
fingular Advantage ot havin- a grrat I'art ot this llill«?

Imites, I mean tiiat ot the (iicat Mogul, who was hkewilr taken from the very Rtcorils of that Inipirewhuliiicw
a Delccndaiu trom the fame Family with rhe great Con- cerns, by the Indullry of Nir.Mamucht', who'Msluiy

nd 7/.K a kind of \'>ol»t t<.:<juiT.i I'liiuw, or tnihcr ivoin in ''[■'^ ''"I*'^^' "'^'"jiIKoi-

dcml the ii-fl of h« Kace.fof Ch ligi itio ihc beKiiming, t

• Thii Mr Mawuih »u * f .r„Mn ! y Bi/rh. \n: hf wrrwc hi. Ili.w'rt InJt/ljn in the /*.'//-?»«/ I mguige. "'""''"".'''n'kt^y^'W''^
«on .r. tl« Eift. We ow« lh» I'ub iciiion ,>i k ir. thr Um&Ji letoil Fithcr C^rim, «,)m> ■icdw.awd liu >'«».« I raiilljt.Ju lo il.c- v^uyi^^
tfcc J-iltw, „( i\a prrfnu /.-«,, X V. In h,. ISHr.r «, il,« Wofk, l,r ,.,.,n!il« tomr fcirltitr :v!cii.Q,r. I.v .he C.me I !in>i . t)U! 1 """"' ,.,, ^iw;,
werr rvff p-jblifhed. which n the morr wonrte.-fal. . n^hittnv th« intji Kf puwtion thai ihc hift fan d i.'ie S\ oik JOluKtJ. ^' ' «:"" '''

7 (iU inioomcx Uaml% uvl yet kc Oit i-iiji.t.

Chap II.

<?/ Marco Polo.

629

Years m that Countnr. m the Quality of Phyfician to its rity, as well as his own Information, he tranfcribed. and
Kmixrors. and had thereby an Opportunity ot having free from which in a great Mcafiire we have taken the Fafts that
Recourfe to thofc Records, which tor the Benefit of Poftc- are contained in the following Seftion.

4,l' -t'l .(, -i-, •« >;ii£; ,;.,,ii

SECTION XXII.

AfiiccinSi Hijiory of the Empire of the Great Mogul, from its Foundation by the Great
Tartar Conqueror Timur-Bec, or Tamerlane, to the prefent Times,

Taken chiefly from the Oriental Writers.

1. the Hi^orj o/" Tlmur-Bec, or Tamerlane, from hii jirji ylppearance in the World, to his being dcckr'd
Kian of the Tartars. _ 2, His Conquejts in the Indies, and fubfequent ViSiories, to the Time of his Death.
3. The Hijiery of Miracha the Son of Tamerlane, and his Succeffor in Part of his Dominions. 4. The
Reign of Abouchaid the Grandfon of Tamerlane. 5. The Hijiory of Sheik-Omar, the Seat of whofe Em-
pire was at Samcrcand. 6. The Life and Reign of Babar, the firjl of thefe Monarchs who affum'd the
-Title ofGrandMoffxl. 7. AnAcaunt of tije great Revolution which happerid under Honiayum, his Rejhra-
tion to the Empire of the indies, and his Death. 8. The Reign o/'Akcbar, andtheAcce/fions made by him to
the Dominion of the Moguls. 9, The Reign of Ichan-Guire, and of the Troubles that happen' d th,retn.
10. The Hi/lory o/" Shah-Jehan, and of the Princes his Sons, to the Time of his D-Xinfe. 1 1. Af xcin6i
Account of the Reign of Aurengzebe, and of the federal Accejfwns made by hita to ih': Indian Empire.
1 :. Of (he Difputes that happen' d after his Deceafe among the Princes his Sou:. 1 3. Of the Rii'rn cf
BaJour-Sluh, and of the tVar carried on by him againji his Brethren. 14. Of the Troubles rht:. .'nvs
happen' df nee in that Empire. 15. The Hijiory continued to the Expedition of the Shah-Nauir, or Kuuii-
Kin, with an authentick Account of its moj remarkable Particulars, '■ '. ,,/

illE Empire of the Tartars fubfifted for near
two hiimlreil Years, under the Adminiftration
of the direft Dcfcendants of its iliuftrious
Finiriilfi' Ziiigis-Khtin, when a new Conqueror was born
of liie fame Race ; lor timur-Bec, or, as he is ufually cali-
f(l by Us Tamnlanc, was dcfccndcd in a direft Line from Ca-
I'll!, w ho was tlie Great-Grandfather of Zingis. His Ka-
mi y, tho* not {lowerful, was very iliuftrious, fince, tho'
he was the ^'aflal or Subjc(ft of /IdiU-Kban, yet he was
by Birth, Prinre or Chieftan of the Tribe of Burlafs. The
viiihli- IXrlenfion r)f the Power of Aditl-Khan, gave him
fomc 1 lopts of fhaking off his Dominion. The Wcak-
nls ot tour Princes had fn loofcned the Foundation of
ticir Throne, that this Adill-Khan had little more left him
than the Shadow of fuprcme Authority. Whole Tribes of the
Mjii^als or Moguls, withdrew themfelves entireiy from his
Obedicniv, and fet up particular Princes of their own ;
the reft, who ft ill acknowledged his Sovereignty, pre-
an.ied to allign the Meafure of their Submiflion, and to fix
i.'ic Bounds of that Duty they were content to pay. As
(or Tameilaiii, his Dtlign was to throw off the Yoke en-
tirf!y, but wanting liilficicnt Strength for fo bold an Un«
dertaking, he contlxierated with Hujfein, who had ex-
ai" y the lame way of thinking-, and when they had join-
f their Forces together, they declared War ogiinA Adill-
Kr.-.n, atiack'd and defeated his Army, and having taken
him I'rilbncr, tied him Hand and Foot, and threw him
iri'i a Torr<Tt, wlnrc he was drowned. Tamerlane, to
i;,ivt the beft Colour poUible to lb foul a Faft, raifcd Ca-
huly who was a diredt Dcfcendiiit from the famous Zagatai-
t-tan, to the 'I'hrone, from wliom in two Dekcnts it
rini'- U) the Pofteliion ot Mobamwd \w. Grandfon. But
\y wli.o was now pow.-rtui emiij^h to bellow Crowns, had
I') much of Ambition, as to Uelcrve the Power that at-
tendid them in his own Hands, tho' for certain Purpol'es
he luirered the Title to ret!i,)tn elfewhere. Under the
Name of Mohammed-Kbiir, he made War on the reft of
the Princes ol the l-',rniiy ot Zwgis, and by his repeated
\ idories became to famous, th.u lie was quickly confidered
asthelirtt, orpriiuipal Khan oi ilKTurins. This piovokcd
th;' Jcaloiily ot thiffetn, who had been his tirft Cuinpanion in
.\rms lothat of a Fnend nnd Ally, he lirft became a lecret
H;val, and v.-ry loon an open F.neiny . Th< Ir Armi'/s met in
'11^^ i'l.iiiisol flrt.'i-, wherea Ijloody B.ittlc i.iiliicd, in which
flu]]'})! was dclc.-ited and killed, mvS titncrlanahcn (^^
'''inlcir at the 1 lead of the whole P<'W-r of tlic Tir-
'■"■!, ^\i\m\i 1 Competitor, and thtrcf-jre havi.ig fum-

'*^ t M II. 4 j.

moned all the Princes of the Blood of Zagatai to SamaV'
cand, there, by a fort of Eleftion, afllimed the Title of
Khan, which hitherto he had not done, put on th'.- Impe-
rial Crown of Gold, and the Girdle, which was alfo an
Enfign of that Dignity, received tl' Homage of all who
were prefent, and very rich Prefents upon that Occafion.
It is from this Eledlion and Coronation, that the Reign of
this great Prince is ufiially dated, becaufe tho' he had the
Power long before, yet his Title was never till now ac-
knowledged, or himlclf known to the World, as fupreme
Kh.-'n jf the Tartar-, which I'itlc he ever after bore.

2. This great Event fell out in tlie Year of tlie Hegira
781, in the Year of our Lord 1379, and in the thirty-
fourth Year of the Age of Timur. He was no fooner
feated on the Throne of Zingis-Kban, than he bc^m to
form a Defign of uniting under his Dominion, all the
Countries tliat had tormcrly paid Obedience to that Con-
queror, with which View he inftantly attack'd the Princes
of Chorajfan, Sigcjjmi, and Kandahar, wliom he reduced
in a fliort Space of Time, and thereby opened a fair Road
into the Indies. It was in tlie Year of tlie Hegira 800,
and A. D. 1409, tiiat he undertook the Conquelt of that
txtenfivc Enuiire, at the F.ntrance cf which, he found
Abundance of^littlc Clans of I'liicves, that by the Help of
the ftrong Holds which they had erected, maintained a
kind of tyrannical Power over the adjacent Country.
Thefe he firil of all rooted f)ur, and at the fame Time de-
ftroyed without i\L-icy a Multitude of Guebics, or Wor-
ftiippers of Fire, that had fettled themfelves on the Con-
fines of Indcjiiin, when driven out of their native Country
of Petfta. He next beficged the famous Fortrefs of Ul-
dugin, whiih had hitherto been conliucrcd as impregna-
ble i but a% this was not a Talk that required fo great an
Army as fiiat under his Command, he employed a Part
of it ill (educing the adjacent Country, then under the
Dominior. of Sultan Mohammed, who li'iding himfelf in
fuch imminent Danger, invited .ill the neighbouring Princes
to join him, in order to defend themfelves againit a com-
mon Enemy, who made no Scrupie of declaring that lie
meant to liiljHjfTefs them of all their Dominions, in order
to annex them to his own. This Application had the de-
fired Etfea ; Rajah Riwa, and the reft of tholl- little Princes
took care to affemble their Forces, and at the Time
appointed, joined Sultan MobimmeJ, who immediately
march'd to give the Invader Battle. The Forces ol the
Imlwn i'rinces llirpalTed in Number by very tar the Army
of the Tartars, but the Coiidud of Timur, who had
7 X fp<-'"'C

•i^ i 'i\

1 i" ■ ^-K 1:

^i I

■^ ! 1

irP:- ' III-

I'Sv'U'''''

6^,0

7ht' P'OrAGES auJ 7RArELS

Book I,

1 It. ^ ♦

\ i i '*;

fi-fiu almoll his whole life in AriP«, proral nioir ilun
a Bal.mcf to their Nunibcu. He nvulf (hoiie c.f a ftnnll
,iin (utuf wluth there was • narrow Pjfl'igr, ktween two

I .ilteity. Tliii Vtmy Ixiwevcr wa buc imliffcpntl U
for^whcn the Tartar frincc 'w\V'='-f"««J •>« Arriy. 1-

without Scruple, reiicwrd tlie War, in which he i'^'
fortunatr, as to difcat his Kneniy, and makcfti, v

/•./,„ u.c ... I.;. 1 . '\- . •'■^^K Ningir

a, (.rat.tude, or even as llumanuy required, but J,
roully oriJcrcil tlie Lyci ot that I'rincc to be ^T^i

high Muimcains, for the FieKl ol Battle, in which he

dirw \i]t about a thitxl Fart ol hik Army \ the irU he ilicw Ca/ior Prifoner in lu& tun;.

m> in two Balic-s which he \w([^\\ Ik hind thole Moon

faif's, ami as foon as the InJian Aiiny advanced, hn _ ^ ^

lloric, that were drawn up in the I'Uin, Mil fttuiW Wifli 6vor-run hi* IJoininioos, and kept hmifclf,'^)u'|!|'„'^?'

a liiiklcn Panick, fled thro' the narrow I'als and wre ful wiiole Life, a Frifoner. ' ' ''

lowed by the hJiaiu, who ihcaidit that ihf very oigin «t Tlus k«alc Adion, however, drew upon him that P

their Army had defeated ilicir rnemics k but ihey foon niflimcnt which it fo well defervetl. His far/ar Scld

found their Miftakc, for ttiry no fooner rnterwl ihf Rfrat «ercifeti before hini every Day, and hearing 4 Difcodrf!

PLiin bthiiid the Mountains, than the two iiodies of IJorlo amongft them, ot lijc great D<.xtenty of the KineulCi'

att.wkcd them in I'lank and Rear with the utmoll Kury. car, notwithftandinp he was blimi, he thought ht to ri

Tlub I-'ngajcmcnt provetl detifive, and 'limur, by this fin- tiuirc into it, and being told, tiiat this Prince (hot wil

glc Viiflory, became Mali? r of the hdit) i that i« tO fty, the peatdl Truth tn any Corner where he heard the Iwt*

he put loftttr Garrifons into moll of the t'ortrellci, left a Node, he relolvcd to make the lixpcrimenr, conccirir"

confideiablc Army at Dtbfy, the Capiul of tk Country, in himfelf, that iJie thing was ablblutely impolTib;.^

and having received tlic Homage ol »\qIX of the KajaJii, When the (^icftion came to be decided, the captive Kir ^

or petty Princes, returned in Triumph to SamnrtOM.f, n^clarccL that he would not difcharge an ArrawatthcCon'

which he made choice of fur the Capitol ol his I'lnplre, laden mand of any other Perfon than the Emperor, Hejcconi.

with the .';iv>il tf t!»c /W;Vj. He had not hern long rt- ingfy gave the Word, which Icarce had efcaped his Li?^

' re he had Advice, that .Icbrntl, whom lome before the Kajah let fly a poifoneii Arrow, which (tnic^

tiirneil, Ivfor

Years before he h:d driver; from flrffi/j/, w«i tome littk
thither. This News foon dicw hint into tiic Field again,
and his Enemy retired at his Approacii, I'hii War was
fiif,.* ttiiul by another of mucli greater Conlwjuem c, and f u
Ah'.^jti ht. cliielly owes his iamc ui this Put of I'lic World,
B>ij,izti, Lm^)eror of the lurti, one of the greaiell Mo-
.»n;r,sof that Age, and \suhal, on'* ol the Wavcll and
i/ r Cai'tains, g.nvc him I'oinc Caufe ot Provocation. Ti-
mur n'.arch'd a^^ainll him with hii viClnruHis Army, and
n.it only defeated and difjwlTrflld hint ol hit Uominiont,
bii: made him Prifoner atfo, and alterwards put him to
IXsrh. On his Return, after tins Viftory, to SumariMud,
'. . rmee! a new Defign of redurin^ ChiM, out ot which,
at tilts Ju.'^clure, the Tartar} were ex|*lleil. He marched
for this Puqxife with a moll puifUnt Army, atkl l>cmg
cneamjvtl at Oirar^ was there feiied ',>y a Dillemper which
pji an Knd to his ConqucDs, and hii la:..', in the thirty-le
vcnth Year of his Rei^n, and in the (ixty iiwh ot hu Age,
in thr Year of the H<gira S07, aiul .1. /). i(>o«.

3. The grrat Empire oi Timur Hu, or TamtrliMf, funk
almoft as foon as it rofe. He divided his Doiniiiicmi
amongft his Children, an.l, accDrdinn to hi» Will, the
Fa'dern Part of P(r/u, tn^jether with Ldhklifian and iHiLf-
t^n, fell to the Share of A/jVji/m, his third .S«)n. I ie wai
a Prince of confiderable Cmirage, and did not want Capa-
city i but, during his I-athri's I.tle-time, lud lieen ex-
treamly unfortunate, inlbmuih, (hat he wa^ onre in iJaii-
grr of lofing that Sliarc uf the linpire, whii h had Ix-en
affigned him. At the Time nl thai Monarch's U'.Cf.ue,
Mtrii(ba did not find hi.nlt-ll ibong ri\<>ugh to ellnhlilh
himicif ahfolutcly in the Ih'xs, he there lore iiia*!e choice
of the City oi Herat', in the ProMiue ol C<<#/^4/' »», lor
it; Capiul, winch was indiev' very ' >iiveni< ntly ie^trvi for
t!ut l*urtH3fc, as being aln; il' in thj ventre ol his Domi-
rigns. He mardievl from ihi nre annually, at th*- Hra.i of
a coiifiderabic Army, into ^ j.' :(,';/!<« aiKl lmi*H*m, ■ i>»der
to kvy the Tribute whkh hi !• ithei h.ul mipolol, and
which the Indian Rajahs rather cholc to pay, than to run
the Ha/.ard of a War.

The King of Caf^ar was the r ly Priiuc th.ii refulctl to
acknowledge him as h;s &Arrri|;ii. oi to yay him anv
Tr.butc. Againft him therelurc Mitad^n mwlc a long
anti cruel War, m which however he ww at lirll very un-
fuccefiful, hi> Forces beint; .iM dutely ilelr«ed, and him-
Jclf taken Pnfoner by tlic Inaun Pun. r. I hat Monarch,
by a Stroke of ejttraordmaiy (H-ncjofity, lonk ny other
Advantage of hn V'laory. i!,an to engjji-r Mtttba to
quit all claim to Tribute, ami tliercujxjii rellured him to

him through the Ikxiy •, at the Sight of which, his (jm--
cut the unfortunau- Indian Prince to Pieces.

Such was then the lintJ ol Mtraiha, alter he had ie:ij-.
cd lorty-fix Years. He is jullly elleenicd the firl't oh;-
Mogul Kmpcrors i for tho* the Country was comjuerjj I ,
his Father, yet it made only a I'rovince of his Domiaiotis'
wliereas it was, flri^tly Ijx-aking, the Main ot this M„'
narch's PoirnTions, as well as his peculiar Share of his h-
ihrr's I'.mpire, and as luch was traiiliiiitted byhimtj!-..;
Poftcrity.

4. He was fucceeded in his Throne by his Son Jmihii,
or /tlmf<yd, in the Year of the Ht^ii\i X. 5, ,f. /). 1-1
But this i'rincc neither rcfemUed his l-Jtlierorlmtiranif*
ther, for he was hizy and luxurious to the laft IVgrer,
and withal excedively cruel, which irritated the Rijn;
to luch a Degree, that they relolvcd to dcpolir him, anj to
let his younger Brother un the Throne, which tiicy k-
cordingiy did, but had very foon Reafon to repent ol ti»
V.Xi lunge. .Ibeuihaid, on loling his Crown, tooK ih;
Habit of a Faquir', ami in it travelled through ihcjV
dits f i'S Subjcds loon found him out, though he took
all imaginable Paifvs to conceal hirnil !l, an J liiey no lixxin
dilirovered him, than as they had forced him torefign;!/
myal Robes for the Habit ol a Mjnk, they now t:S
like Paflwn obliged him to a contrary Lxchar.ge. Htro
fooner appeared, than he law his Brother totally abandon-
ed, by which he was jieacealily reilnrul to his Dignity ;
Init that ht might be laic from tuture Art'ronts, heonitr-
ed his Brother's Head to be ilf\h;k off, as the I'uniftmcr.t
ol hts Tyranny, as he pretended i but in reality, topR-
veil a lecond L'luqxauon.

1 iis (lovcnimeiit was now precilcly the reverie of wk
it had been before, for he lluditd nothm^ but tlic Art.
plealing his l'et>ple \ and tho' he did not, ami phajs
coukl not, change hit Temi'pr, yet he liilfemblpJ it 10
well, that with rcfjieift to his Subjecls, his 1 lypocnfy rji
the lame gootl Confcquences as if he had acted tromrrai
Virtue. His Dqxjfition however was not the lall M.sii-;
t\ine of his 1 .ife, for whi.e he was enga(?ed in Wai agwi;
the Khan of i>aMariU«dy one ot the yount; Princefff. m ,.:*
Seraglio, li-t up a new Prince, whole N.mcwas/.TW.
who bid lair tor iitfnvmg Ai/oufhatd ut hisDorainicw,
but at lal\ he was dekated, and on the tirli Newso: i: ,
I he IVincels who had railed hiin to the 1 i.rone, firtt «...
dcrrd the S„n Ihe had by him. at the Brt.iil. and then*
ftroyed heilcit, by a Dole ol I'oilon, which tor that lu
[Kjfc Ihe ha.1 conccalctl in her Locket. A-'ombmdM'ti'-
ing in liiumih to Mr J r, reigned for lome fmeW'H

•Thi»Cinrof«(Tj/i.fUiu!r.:,.,iheiou!h»i,.|«»rt„riWP„Mftt« or <:/■«•«/«.. .Dthcljii of u" ^. n now th« Anfil arid molt bwiiui*-'
thnfe larf. (jncf ih.r i>«i U.,a,. ^tttwytii M.f,k,d . .«d '.h, l|.h*t..iuil.ur »my Mch, chicHy ihrouRh the Tt^Jc U.t> urtv "^ *i'i"« ^^V^^ ^
•Ji«(.re« kbt,i. It I. in iku Cil). il, t lUr i.miI l,.r)»h ii. /•„,., .,« nudr. .nJ ihrhnfll Bu^Jcvtllo . bu! ih' y"W" AJvtnUg' ,h(i«')

:.ii

Chap. ir.

\ \

of M

A R c Pol o;

st<:*

t%t

prr.it Soccdi afld Glbiy \ but the Violence of his Teni-
of r, joined to a high Opinion of his good Fortune, drew
hiin into another War, which coft him both hit Crown
aiKJ his Life.

|-{e had always a ftrong Inclination to psfi for the great
pilpenfcr of Jofticc amongft his Netghboun, and there-
lure taking Offence at the Proceedings of Ufum Caffan,
I very potent Monarch of the Family of Zngis-Kimn,
yiho had deprived one of his Relations of hii D<}minions,
lie vkclarcd War againft him, notwithftanding all the
r^ms that Prince could take to terminate the Difference
Ktween them by a Negotiation, l/fam Cnffan, thoui:;li
rnich inferior in Power, was much better verfcd in the
An of War j and by ruining his Country, and keeping
hi.* l<Mf«alw(«ys mcampedin Places that were inacceflible,
he lb wr.iktnctl the Forces of the Tartar, that, at laft, he
tcuiid hiiuftif obliged to retreat, in order to fave the Re-
niains ol a numerous Army, worn out with perpetual Fa-
tigue. But he was not able to conduft them, as he endea-
vourtd, into his own Dominions, but was defeated and
taken I'ri loner by tlie Sons of Ufum CaJJan, who imme>
iliitely conduced him to the Prcfence of their Father,
who received him at firff with great Humanity, but being
provoked at the infulent Speeches of jlbncbaid, who re-
pro,u hed him with not daring to meet him in the Field,
at tail ordered his Head to be llruck off, and put out the
Eyes of his three elileft Sons, who were taken with him.

Such was the Fate of this inlolent and vain-glorious
Monarch, equally unfortunate in the Beginning, and in the
Clofe of his Reign, but in neither more fo than he ile-
ftrvd. The Chronicles of the Mogul Empire, take No-
tice, tliat he left a bad Example to his Succeffors \\\ thele
two Point!, fird, in putting to Death his Brother, and
next in his Ingratitude to his moft faithful Servants \ Cu-
cumlhnces very dilhonourable tor his Memory, and which
flicw liow unworthy he was ot' fo great an Empire, that in
the Couric of twenty-eight Years, which he fat upon the
Throne, could leave nothing but the Shame of his Vlcc.^ '
to make him remembered by Fofterity. There have
lomc Dou'>ts arifen about the SuccelTion of this Prince,
beraule, m the great Seal of the Mogul, on which the
Names of '1 the Emperors are epp;raved, there is one
Mirza-Moi. mmed mentioned, whom fome theretore would
have the Son nr Mirarha, and the Father of Abeuchaid.
The tirll may be true, but nor the latter, fince it is proba-
ble, tliat tliis Mirza- Mohanmudviss his Brother, whom he
put to death.

5. Sheik-Omar, the fifth Son of Aboucbaid, fucreded hi.n
Fathtr in the Year ot the Hfgira 874, A. D. 1461), and
was of a quite contrary Diijwfition : He is recorded to
have been a very pious Mohtimmedan, and to have m.idc
the Study of the Khoran the Bufinels of his Life, which is
the more extraordinary, fince his ( ireat-grandtather 'li-
mur h.ul a Religion ot hi^ own, which wa.s a Sort of neilin.
His Grandfather had very little Kcliyjion, and his Father
none .It at all, though he made tome Pretences to Moham-
midij'm. 'l"hc Reign of Owar was a continued Peace •, lie
never luiight to trouble his Neighbours, was ooiitenred
With his own Dominions, where he ruled his Siilijefls with
JuftitL- and ModcMtion, and was neither dilhirbcd by Plots
at home, or Wars abro.ul. The only ThinfT remarkable
in the Reign of this Monarch, is the Manner in whii li he
aniuttd himfelf, for it mult apjiear fomewhat lin};ular,
that.i Prime, who lerioufty (ielighte'l in 1'c.ili, lliouki in-
vem .1 new knul ot War lor his Divertion.

At tiie ImhI ot his (Jarden, he had a hii-,li 'I'err.is at
each Extremity of whicii was built a PKlt^ooii-houfc •,
thither the l.m[Kror d.n!v relbitcJ, and as he led his
HJl^ions with his own I land, they Hofktd aliour him
as loon .is heapjKand. Vie had taught thdc C.reatnrrr; to
liv-: in a perpetual .State ot Enmity i to that as foon as the
tnilieror htttd up a white Sattin Standaid, die Piilgeons

of one Moiife attacketl thofe df the otlief, 4hd they with
great Refoluiiun defended thcmfelvcs, and ohen fallied out
and drove away the Invaders. It one Day happened that
the Emjieror, deeply engaged in this Sport, flourilhing his
Standard in the Air, ancT having his Eyes fixed on hia
lldgeons, fell againft the wooden Baludrade of his Terras*
which, lielng rotten, gave way, fo that by his Fall he broke
his skull, of which unlucky Accident he died in two
Days after, having reigned happily for himfelf and ibr
his Neighbours twenty- tour Years.

6. He was fucceeded in the Throne by his Son Babar,
in the Year of the Nwira 8951, A.D. 1493. This Prince
hod fcarce taken PoflelTion of the Government before he
found himfelf engaged in a War, fur which he was every
way indifferently provided. The Prince of thi Ujleck
Tartars at that Time was Sehaibac-Khan, who remember-
ing that his Father had been deprived of Samarkand by
Attuchaid, the Grandfather of Oiitary he determined
to lay hold ol the Opportunity that offered of recovering
his Dominions, knowing that the Moguls were mucii fot-
ttncil by their Inactivity, during fo long a Peace. He
made a right Judgment in this Matter i for, on his Ap-

C roach, Babar found it impoffible to make head ag.iin(l:
im, and therefore retired from Place to Place, till at laft
he took Shelter in Cabulijlan ', the Governor of which
remained faithful to him, and foon aflembled an Army
capable of recovering what he had loll to the UJbaks,

Babar, had hitherto appeared of as peaceable a Dif-
polition as his Father -, but now, whether ftung with Re-
ientment, or rouled by Defpair, he Ihewed as great Cou-
rage as any of his Anceftors, and feemcd impatient to in-
vade that Country, which he had fo lately abandoned.
The ( fovcrnor of CahuliftaH however was of quite a dif-
ferent Sentiment, and having fhcwn his Matter that it wa»
intinitcly more eafy to make himfelf abfolutely Lord of In-
dojlan than to recover the Countries he had loft, he brought
Babar over to his Opinion. In order however to proceed
with the greater Security and Succefs, the Emperor pro-
polcd making a Journey through India, under ihe Difguife
ot (jiogis, or Indian Pilgrims, that they miglit the better
judge ot' the Strength and Condition of thofe whom they
meant to conquer.

They executed tiiis Rcfolution almoft as foon as they
had formed it -, and having travelled undifcovered from
one Extremity of India to the other, they found it in-
habited by four Nations. The firlt were the native In-
dians, who Hill kept up the P"orm of the ancient Confti-
tution, though the Spirit of it was in a manner loft.
'I'hcir Kinps Ihuttinp themfelves up in their Seraglios,
thouj'ht ot nothing but their Pleafures, and left the great
Affairs of Government to their Minillers, who were often
as indolent as themfelves, and left them in their Turn to
their Domellicks. The Bramins had exchanged the cle-
vatal Philoliiphy of their Anceftors for a Life of Super-
llition, which amuli^l the Vulgar with a falfe Religion,
and l<.f med to juftify the Men of Senfe, in having little
or none at all. Their Soldiers kept their Horfes, took
their Pay, and appeared at their ftatcd Times in Review }
but as for Service they knew it not in Pradlice, and the
very Idea of it gave them Difquict. The common Peo-
ple were fimk in Luxury and Sloth, miftaking the Power
ot doing l''.vii tor Liberty, and placing all Happinels in
the Purliiit of their vicious Appetites, without Danger of
Kcllraint, nr F'rar of Reproach.

The t'cconil Sort of People were the Pattans, a Race of
Mobiimmrdam, who from the oppofite Coaft of Arabia
had pallid over thither, and having firft fettled on the
.South-lidc of the River, erefted there a Town, which ftill
bears the Name ot Miifdipatan -, from whence extending
thenilelvcs ftill farther and farther, they at laft became Ma-
Ifersot the Kingdom of Dehly, of which they were poi-
Icfl'cd when Tamerlane made his Irruption into the Indies.

' 1 h-it \ ice, which of all othrr* has moll rtaintd the Glory of ilif M(>);til R«cc, it [ngtWituJe i the fitll Imputation of which wis derived from
ihf Condufl of [his A''-..hai,i Uhcn he »-..u obiijcd to lly, iii order lolMf hi. I. iff, after the Loft of his *.romi. two only of his Courticri reiiamtd
luiMu!, and (hared with him nil his Misfoitiire' Altei he was rellored, thfle two worthy Mm expei'lrJ fomc Share in his Favour, but Aluchaii told

'Mm plmnl), he v ,is nine obliged lo tliciii ih.in it wa- in his Powci 10 renay, and therefore hi .'lated to lee them ; neither was he contented tojja-

iKllithtni hi, j,-,,j,|, liijordeii'd iheirNoniti to bf lUuck outof the »v>lf of) " ' ' .... -^ r»...

JPrn,crbt.t'..';.ug!i the r..il.

r hit S«rv»nti. \ fence /*« Ai; > aiituit if Ahmchaii is, to thii very Day.

_ t hi i< a ti jH.irr Fsov.iice between Ttrlia and the htiitu ind hiii helc loed lomeilinoi to one, and fomeiimes to the other tf thefe rnipiitt, and
1 t!ioui;lii of fo j.,e,i; I onfiiiiKTiu 10 the l:\ll, tii.it it i; a foinmon Saying, he wliu i> not Matter ot Cah!i/fin, is r,Ot Mailer of the /"/,■••

Thr

if"

' t

Ill

6.U

7he VOTAGES and TRAVELS

Book I.

■I ?i«

h'.

The f /r/r/j were the thinl Sort of PcojjIc i and tlicfe were pcarcil by the Change that '

were the thinl sort or I'cojjic i ana tncic were pcwcu uy ine \,nange that was pe rrcived in the Fars f Af

no other than the Remaini ot the ancient Pirfiam, who tain \ for the rtrt*ri, who had been the old Subir' "f

were, and arc certainly the moll innocent I'eople in the Btbtr and hi$ AtKclbri, fwarmed to him now if * i

World, and perhaps the moll pious. As the principal Quarter«, M did alio the /Vryfd«j ami other Afc/w.^"^

Part of thfir Religion conlifts m wordiippuiy the Al- with whom tfce Court and the Army were tillcil amU'"'

mighty Author of all things, under the Symbol ol Fire, whom ail Places of Truft and Frolit were' btftoJ?

the AhbammtJanj, without ukinj; any I'ams to inquire The great OfTiccn, and in Ihort all who haiilVlfrmcm,

into their principles, concUiiled them Idolaters i and when civil or military, were ftiled Omrahi, and the olj /t/,,'

tliry conquereil Prryf.i, fontd lium to ab|urc then Rcii- Princes retained their ancient Ap[)ellati()n ut /;• ;'

j.ion or to quit their Ci^untry. They cliotc the latter, and We fliall meet with thef • Words very otn-n, am! thmi, 1

thjs brought Multituilcs of theiti into the In,iit!, where, by it may not be amil's to fix the Senlr ot thtm ffickwif

a lilwiious iiuiullr)', they prixrured a bare Sul'lillaiice, ex- The Omrab is the mere Creature ol his Prince, anj ri'''

l)oled continually to the Inlulis uf the otlia Nations, with- he often enjoys large Trads of Ijnd by hii Tavour "^

out any thing to fulUin them under the Weight ol lb well as confiderabic ApjxHntments yet he cnmy, ^tt

many and fo great Misfortunes, lave ilie Ttftimony of
a got>d Confciencc in this Lite, and the Hojx-s ol a Re-
ward m that to come. The fourth Sort ot People were
his own Subiefls the Megu.'s, placed there- in dariiluns by
his Ancertors, and einpioycd la levying the Tnbuui >in-
poled by them upon the Ritj'i^'.

When Bal>jr and hii (ait.Mul Companion, had rxa-
minoi all Thiniv. with the uimoll Dilii^ercc ami Atten-
tion, ilicy returned to Cat/urjiai, and N'l^an to prepare
lor th'- Fjtccution of their Pio a. They had obin vrd,
that tl.? I'rirce of the P.'tia/i:, wl-.owas in PoUi-irion of
the Kingduni ol /ViVv, wa» tin; mod powcrlul cl any
of the Rajahs in the Country of Inuajtan, and tlure-
fors th-.-y relbivcl to lie^in w,tli reducinp, him. liihar,
having j ut himldt at the Hiaii ol a numetou'! Army,
lumn-.of.f.i thi3 Monarch, wiiolv Name was .inrxixa, to
Uy alule thi; .Stiir and Tille ( t a Sovereign, m a C'rjuntry
which bciorgcd to the Moguls I y itij',ht ol Conqutft. .Im-
nixa aiilwcrid, iii.tt a King, tiiou^;!! tri'jutaiy, was llili a
King, and that lince t.'xy difputtd his Title, he w.u. il'>
ten-ur.cd to pay no mur ■ Tnl uiv to one driven out ol his
Dom.'Mon?, an.i who, ly lui Loiuliici, lirenwd • iv.oithy
of Rrltieift. Bahr iiuvinp r. vcivtd this An'* ^r, prof:-
cutcd his Manh towards Du-y, aiul met witli .-!m:vix<i,
at the Head ol an Aiiny inui h Rrt-attr tluii his own •, but
as the litu:anJ wt-u- Soklitrs on!y in .Shew, fo they were
brok; and dcleated by the tirll Attack. Thrir King
pcrilhcd like a brav;- M.n in t!.e ^^dft of his luir mies ;
the RcniaiiiS ol his Army to<jk S!v:lti r in the Moiint..ins ot
Ttehfi Riil'iu n iiiaii I'li.', Mailer ot the Country, made

IS Cat

ice of h>s Sin ■ cllors ever fincc
1 he liril Care of this Prince, all r his I-.tlablifhnient in

Choice of D(h'.s (or liu Cat lul, wliiih h.is continueil to
be the onii.iary Ktiidence of h>s Sue

the Indits, w.'.r to tranu- a IVv'y )i Lawb, or rather to
eftaMilli a few tuidamcntal Maxiti,^ tor the Ciovernmrnt
an.l .S. cuiity of his Impire, th.^t his SucctlTors m,f;ht not
be expofei: to liuh Accidtr.rs as he had met with, or
he obliged, at I very turn, to ki their whole Uominions on
^ Hazard ot a Bittle. Itic roundati,:! on which this
StruLlurc was raifed, was the lole and abljliitc Ri[.;ht ot the
(iiand Mopul, for lo Bai jr was hrll called to all the
Coui.tty ht '^ad .icquircd by C^nquell -, and this was lo
clcarlv umtrrlUxKl, a>> that it lituted all I'rupctty to
him, .im! made even the^icafd ot his Subjects Tenants
at wi.l, or Tenants lor l.ili- at the very utiiioll. As by
this Means thr whole Ijmds in his Dominions were veiled
in the Mogtii, and all the f;rrjt Men in the Kingdom
irade dejx-mtint ujwn hi. Pliali.-e , W> by anotiur Prin-
ciple, the Bulk ot the Peopli- *ere put as much -.to his
Power, fimc r.o wiitten Ij*', w. ;c allowed, hut tijc Judg.
meiit ot thr l-mi»cror cllaLiiflKd what was right and
wrong in hi« Dominions. In hii Capiul he gave Judg.
ment himttlt in all Caufcs that ramc Ut'rc him ; m other
Cities tlicre were Oihtcis who decidct: all Tilings in his
Name, and whole Dccrcts were liable to be reviewed by
the Mogul himltii.

1 hcle Conitiiutioir wrjc tltvilni by the Governor of
C»lui!jUn, who, ai In- had lijced the iMnpcror uion the
ThrM/- by his Fiiiciity, now Unireil him thereon by his
Wildom. The l-.ticcts ol theft Setdnmnts very iuon ap-

iKit for Life, and can leave nothing to his Chil 'en i!!
being refumcd by the Mo,;ul at h.s Uiceafe, *ho ii'tF-
Hcir-Cieneral of every Man in his Service. The /(-i
are hereditary Princes in their own Uominion-, wi,uh ihty
hold indeed of the Mogul, but by certain Icnuri, wul,
which, it they comply, he has no farthrr Drmam'j' upo^
them. It often happens that thete Rajabi live at Court
and arc honoured with Employments, in right ol whi 'i
they liecome Omrabi ; but at their Daralc the Mogul re-
lumes all that they pollefs in his Doiniiimnv and imrhinc,
but the Principality tiekends to then Chil Irrn, *

After adl the Obligations that /?ji-T dwed to thtGc-
vcrnor of CaiuliJIaH, he be-came as uncrateful to l.ini a
his Grandfather had been to the C()n)paiii()iis ol Im M;i.
lortunes, and treated him in llxh a Mai.r.c, thjt he, for
his own Security, turned Frnjuir, and m that Dilgmi-
Ihelterrd himfelf^in Ibine diftai.t I'.irt of iIk Im'.y;, f,l
tcr he left the Court, all Thinps ran tc. t (ii.lufiGn, and it
plainly appeared, that none was able to gii\crn ihctm-
pin-, .iccwding to its prclent C.nfinution, hit him who
liad liamtd it. It was l()mf 1 iiiic ktoic the Kir^rerw
dilcernfj. tl.is, but at lenr,th lie foiiml it out, rtpmrdii
his Ir- ,ratitui!e, and weiuld \ery willinpjy have rccilltd hii
Mn.ilier to Court, if he had known where tohavctourj
him. 1 lis rnde:ivrjurs lor (ijine lime were friiitltfj, but
at lall lie betliouf;ht himlVlf ot an Kx|H\li(nr,which wisis
tuccefsfiil as it w.is linii;ularj he piihlilhcd an f.dift, ly
whii h tie ordered every Market- I'owii in l.is Dominions,
to fend Its Bazar, or ALrkcrPLit up to /W'.'v, or to re-
turn a luHieient Reafon for not eioinu; it. I li5 .Motivt to
this, was, that he lielievcd he fhouM he ablo t) Mn-
guilh, amongll thcli: Returns, the il.ice where ;,;i M.ri-
Iter hael taken Shelter. When he tame to look thcmo-
ver, he laid his Finger on the fol'owing Anfwer Irora »
Tow at a great Did.ince trtjin his RelideiuT. 'Ihch-
habitants declared, that they were reaily, and w.!!:ng, ti
obey his ImjKrrial Decree, li'l ih.:.' tier B.izar J.'Ji-;/
knew the Way ic Dehly, and sktrifore, if h:i Mej-jhw'J
be fUaJtd lo fend cne cf the Ba/ai's cf in Gipid tu-^-
dkit it, ibtirs fhcu'.d tmmedtateh/ /:! out. i'-f^rdircVi
the Deputies that bro.glit him this Kttum, to fmdhs
inftantly to Courr, the Man liy wlu/ll- .Ailviie they naic
it, which .iccordmgly lilt y did, .uid it proved .uhca-
pcdled, his old laithful .Servant tli.- ( .t.vf nicr cf Cj/i-
lifian, whom he retloied to his tuinier full, and (u h.i
lavour, both whieh he mjoycJ as lonj; as lie hvcd. Bs
rell of this Kmperor's Reign allbnls us nothing rcmirki.
ble, iiulmuth as he Ipcnt it in piolound Peace, andh:v-
ing lived to a good (jUI Age, decialed in the Year '.t :!ic
Ue^tra 937, //. D. «:jo, alter rngninK live V«rs «
Samanand, three in Cahulijt.in, ai.d :!;irty in the hi/:.
7. He was tuttcedcd ia his Doinmiuns by hii .'^cnE--
mayum, or Amayum, wIkj very loon expericiketl how cif-
titult a Thing it is for die Succcllor of a Conqutror ra
prclerve his Dominions. He had the Air.lhntc ot hii
Father's old Counlellur, but. like a young Mar. he i.
not put that Contideme in him that he delcrvn; ; b;::,
cenurary to his Advice, and in lintc ot all hi> Kfflcr
llrances, promoted to the liit;lirll l.inploymrnisthr r'
lein in the World moll capable ol doing h;m M-."

I'c:-

•TLeNinKofihi«C.ty«fumet.m»,olltd /),;/,, nnd the Hr-ulcr will m«t with • !«ry IVfcriptlon of ii herfjrifr. Ii nvery Jiit:en., .«.b»
■ P»rt 01 Om kit.gdont of Potm, , wkI it v.iu n chc .Vnghbourhuod .,C ii.ii llacr, ih»i ihe great B«tilc ^v-^ fojRhr, whicli put ../.mUmh U-^ -
ef hn Dnminiom I i.rre ii Lnl to be ihll rcmjinmg m ihi- City j C oluinn erected m Mrniorv ol that Evciii, with 1 1 Iiilcnption «».' » j-^- '
;n Ciuiidltn. and ir j 1 jrpiupe now aliovrt' ri «!,kn.jv.i the H^.ai Rue, who WM Ucttj'cd by /jnr/j«, u rfpoitrM'} j!i llie l-wr.U

tr. to luve been a I'lfcct UekciHUnt f.oni Kiig /'»■«)

Chap. 11.

o/* Marco Polo.

•^'

633

Till- Tiling happened tliim : A young Pailan Lord, nam-
iii Chira, win) had bcin bred u|) with /fmayum in his I'a-

hir's Court, became his principal Kavouritc, and was ad-
.mci'd to tlic grcatrft Polls in tlic (iovcrnincnt. Such a

CdiiiKlcna' did this Prince place in him, that he made
liiin Ins (jcncralilTimo and Comnjaiidir oi'the Guards
rtlimit his I'crlbn. But Ciiir^, on whom Ambition, or
.1 preuniiid Love to his Country, had a much greatir In-
|iucncc than ail the Favours btlbwcd on him by yhinyum,
maiitatctl how he might dc|)o(i.' Iiis indulgent Mailer, ami
rcllorc the Paliatis to their ancient Sovereignty. This
rrcit Miniftcrlirft dilirovered his Ambition, it is faid, by
i h.iii",ing his Name from Chira, which fignilics a young
1,1011, to that of Chircba, which figmiies the Royal or Im-
iitri.il 1 .ion. And being Conmiander of all the Ptrfum,
'Lntitr, and Mogul Troops among whom he hail rendered
liHiikif very jHipular, by his obliging Behaviour ; and his
own IVuple the Patiam, as well as the Indian Rajahs, be-
ing glad of an Opportunity of throwing off the Mogul
Vdke, all I'hings iecmcd to conl'pire to railc him to the
I'hroiie.

/hiwuim however being apprilld of this univcrfal Difaf-
irtiiiin to his Perfon, occafioned liy liis Favourite, alfem-
t.lal a lni.ili body of 7artan and Perjians, with whom
lie (;avi' Bactie to Chira ; but their Numbers being very un-
equal, Amtiyon was foon compelled to leave the Field, and
[x\ to tlie Sluh of Perfta tor Protertion, after he had
rtigiKi! m DiL'ly about eleven ^'ears, almoll in continual
Troiil)le and Conlufion. The Inhabitants of the Eaft are
extreniciy addiiitd to Augury, or oblcrving the I'light of
Bird', Irom whence the few Courtiers who attended
/iui.rKiii m his Retreat, piediftcd his Re'urn to his Em-
pire i tor, it fell out one Day, when the Weather w.is hot,
and he was weary with Travel, that Prince lay down to
nil, when an fagle, lollowcd by her young ones, ho-
vtini tor a conliderablc Time over his 1 lead, and there-
by lludeii him from the Sun-beams. When he awaked,
his Attendants complimented him on the Omen, which
liivcd to keep up his Spirits -, for it is obferved, by all
the Writers ot his Hiftory, that he bore his Misfortunes
with great Dignity, and appeared as much a Monarch in
hi'- I'xile, as he had ever done upon his Throne. The
I'ir/i,:>i Prince received him with all imaginable Kiiulnefs
ari.l ke(i)c(ft, afligned him a Palace in his Capital, with a
comp; tent Revenue, and kit nothing untried that might
cuiitii! ute to lelien his Senfe oi his Difafh r, which had fo
good an I'.ffedt, tliat the Indian Monarch forgot his Cares,
.i.id palTed his Time as comfortably as it is pollible for one
I'rii'.ce to do in the Dominions ot another.

In the mean time however, C.ircha employed all his
Thought'; in providing for the Welfare of that Nation,
who iiad, in fome mtalure, called him to the Throne.
He was a Man of great Paif, and of a liencvolent Na-
ture ; tie law that the only Mi .ins to make his People
happy \v;it, to enlarge and l.u ilitate their Trade j and
therelore to this he applied his Attention and tiis Power.
He ere(Jlcd, at projicr Diflanccs in .ill the great Roads
throughout his Dominions, Caiavanleras or publick Inns,
where Merchants might tind all Convcrienries, and pro-
\t: I'erlbns to attend th( m at a very moderate Expencc,
and where l-'oot-paHengers might be entertained at the
publick Fjtpence. His h'jcampie had fuch an Elfert on
tlie richell ot his Subjects, that they began to imitate him
in the like Foundations, which proved of infinite Advan-
tige to the Publick ; and h.xs therefore been prattifed ever
Tince. The founding fuch Receptacles for Strangers and
Travellers, being accounted the highell Point of Charity
in that and other fc!allern Countries to this Day. Another
Rfgiilation with the fame View did equal Honour to the
Adminlllration of this Prince, and contributed no lefs to-

wards making liim the Darling of Ms .Subjcfti. Thert
wa.s, before his Time, no kind of Certainty in thu
Weights or Mcafures of this Counviy, but all Things
were in a manner bought and fold by hand, which was
attcridcd with many Inconvcnicncies. This livil he rcJ
mcdied by a Law, which forbid the lirlling any iliiig but
by Weight and Mcafure, and appointed the Standards of
both to be kept in the great Towns tiiioughout his Do-
minions. The Reign of this Prince was but Ihmt, an,i
he died without Iffuc, for otherwilu he had. in all Pro-
bability, put an End to the Mogul Empire in the Indies.
He was a very martial, as well as a very wife and prudent
Prince in Time of Peace, and had a particular Turn for
the Art of Engineering, which, by an Accident, proved
fatal to him i for, having a Cannon ot an unufuai Size
lent him from RttigaU he would net ds make Trial of i:
himlelf,and the Piece burfling,he was killed by the Breech
ot it that ftruck him on the Head, when he had enjoyed
the Empire about nine Years '.

All Things upon his Death fell into Confufion ; every
oneot the petty Princes had either Views for himfelfor
for Ibme greater Prince, to whom he was attached 1 and,
in the MidltofhisDiftraflion, the Government remained
without a Head, and every Rajah afteil as an independent
Prince in his own Dominions. While Things were in this
Situation, a certain Faquir, wliofe Name was Chrdauht
went privately to the Court of Perfia, and inforn.ed
jimayum how Matters ftood, aflTuring him that if he could
procure but any Appearance of Force, he might be able to
recover his Throne. He applied himfelf upon this to the
Shah of Ptrfta his Protestor, and offered, if he would
alTift him, to pay him an annual Tribute, and, as a Com-
pcnfation for the Expence he muft ncccllarily be at in fur-
nilhing him with an Army, he propofed to inake a Cclfion
of the Principality of Kandahar. Tlicfc Terms were im-
mediately accepted, and with a confiderable Body of Foot,
and twelve thoufand Ptr^fi^n Horfe, he began his March
towards the Frontiers of the Indies. The King of Pf lyJir,
at his taking Leave of him, gave him a (hort Piece of
Advice, which contributed no Icli to the Prefei-vaiion of
his Dominions, than the Army with which he furnifhed
him, did to the regaining them. His Advice was to
keep up continual Enmity between the Pattans and the
RajhpOHts, or Indian Soldiery, by which Means each of
them would be weakened, ami both of them kept within
the Bounds of their Obedience.

On his entering the Confines of hidiei, he found the
whole Country open except only the Fortnfs of Labor, in
which a Pat'an Lord was Governor, and had under his
Command a numerous Garrifon, every way well provided.
Of this Place however he foon became Matter by the fol-
lowing Stratagem. An hundred young PcrJJ.vts, wholly
devoted to his Service, dil';^uifed rhemfelves in the Habits
of Pilgrims jull returned from Maca ; of thefe a Part
got into the Fortrcfs before it was dark, and the reft pre-
fented rhemfelves at the (latesjulf as the Day was (hut in,
entreating Admittance for that Night only. The Gover-
nor looking ujton it as an Ai\ of Religion, admitted them :
But in the midlt of the Night, when the Garrifon, weary
with Fatigue, were buiied in Sleep, the pretended Pil-
grims fell upon the Governor and thofe who were about
him, and having maflhered tliem without Mercy, delivered
the Fortrefs to .■/inayum, who, by this Means, entered
Lahor without the Icaft Refiftance. He mrirched on from
thence witli the utmotl Diligence toward Dehly. A fingle
Battle fought at the Diftance of three Leagues from that
City determined the Difpute, and put him once more in
PoffeflTion of the Dominions of his Anceftors. Aviayum,
upon his Rclloration, lliewed his Gratitude to the Faquir
Cbadula, who tirft brought him the News of Chira's

' This, proti.ibly, might be, in fomc Mc.ifurc. owiiij; to tlic peifonat Behaviour q( Amayum, who aflonilhed the Ptrfittn Mon.irch by his Prefcnct
f^fMindat ihcir firft Interview, uhich liiiipcncil Cu be in .1 Sunimcr-Houlf, where thei« was but oneSopha, nnJ th:it too liiiall for them to fit on
' geilicr I l,c Imliai I'riBcc faw ihii wiiij Inilignauon, but retolltttiiig himfelf after he had paid his Compliments to the Slab, who was Ifcindini;,
^'^ dcl'ircd him to be feited ; and a» loon as he had placed himfelf on the Sopha, Ammum fate down by liim on his Quiver, which, after the Tartar
•-'anom, he had h ingiiig at tiis Back, v.\m]\ M\ uf hpiiit plcafcd the Shah extiemely.'

' I'liiK- i. line Liici.nilliBCe uf tlii" I'ruici's Uci^n which ought not to be pafl'cd over. Wlien lie took Hofliffiian of the Palace of /lmo)um, he
"■i;i;J hi, 1 ln^^cl^ with txtnordiiiary KcliKil ; and being informed that (liew>is with Child, ordered her to be lent 10 Perjia to her IJufbanil i but
-Vai4m, lii7cJ willi a Fit of Jcaluuly, retufcd to fie her ; of which (he informed Ci-imcha by Letter. Upon this iic wrote to .ima^um, alluring
tim that he had never fo much us ftcii tlic Ijnprefs ; and to confirm the Truth of this Fail, he fwore it upon the Klioran ; on which the EmiKTOr
'«cind hir with great Tcndernela and AlicClion i and the Son, with which Uie w.is then big, fuccetJcd him in tlic Empire.

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7/jc' VOrj GE S atid TRA rt I. S

liookL

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Death, by grtntii'g him an V^\nt in L*ni!s to b« enioy-
fil I'y him aiKi hi« Po Uiity lor rvrr i iml ehi^ i» thr onjy
MihttminiJdH I-mily m Z*/;*, it ii faid, who ctn claim
ibc Fropctty oJ any l^mU Jt llii» Day. H« IX-lr^n-
tlani* alio t4kr I'Uce o» all oihrrs, and Im I'Dnib lia«
grrac Honour paul to ii i Uil Ins drttituile fwm^ to havr
licen cxluullal, hy the triuir* nuilc to lliii worthy Man,
•uHf III rfgard to the Sh.th. tu whom lir owed all thiiiRs
Ik neither fluwcil Kiiulmh, cr Jullicr, lincc hr never
iukI hiin lo much js one Ycai'i 1 iikitr, nor yirldcil lo
iiim the rrinciiulity he nionured. Yet hr remcmherrd
hii Ailvicc, ami followed it very tx.idlly, by wlmh Mraii
he took away trom (uliirc MjlecoiucrtJ all Fowcr (><
tHiving hiin Dillurbaine, ami lelt it as a Maxim to hii l'o(-
tiriiy, who have inactHid it wiili j;rcnt Siirceh^, and la
this jus Ikch chierty 0*11145 tl»c I'lcleivation ol titc iXmii-
niuns he lift thcinV

Jm,ty»m was in the I lower of his Afie when he rrrr)vrr.
ea !..•. l)oinini()n«, I'Ut whether it wa» that a littltd M
laxKhul)' had giown U|\jn hiin, while under his Mistor
tunes, or that li« had a Mind tu ihiw, that in the I'oflcl
lion ()( tlie /iif^hclJ B'cHings, Iw had lljll the common
fate ol Mankind in hi» lye, or thit he was led thereto
by a C'urtoiu coiiuiion among the MjUunrntxian Frinces oi
\.\\ Age ; to It wjs, that ai foon as his (iovermcnt wai
kltl«1, he Ixr^an to bnild hindill a I'oinb, ujx)n which
he ixilowtJ inriedtble Kxjienic. l\v likcwilc ftttltd a
latiie Ktvcnuc ti't the Maintenance ol a certain Number
ot Mollat, or iKnlors ot the MoUiU'imttiai l^w, to re-
ildc timlla:uly theu', and to !|vii<l t;.tjr lime in praying
tor his.St.iul, and i.i igthr Knoian, near ibc Tom^i where
bb Bolv was to Lk' laid. W :ien Clut Fxbticc was 1:1 {{ood
Forwariinch, Jiu>n^m mtM unc Day ro lee it, and hav-
ing a CarpeiKci's Kixl in his Hand, walked u(X)n ttie Uat
tknKnts, and pave the Workmen (aific Ditrct'ons, when,
cither through Wcatinds, or that he iiii^ht look nlxnit
him witli (^reaiiT l-Ue, lie clapp'd the Rule down, and Iran-
rJ. ujxjn It, wluch l>nnj;bui liCiulcr, hrok(, and the Hoot
Ixing Hoping, the hmptror rolled lot wards, and Itll from
thtr.LC to the droumli by which Aicident he was killed
upon the Spot, and found ius Death and Ins Tomb tnge-
tlicr, in the \f*t oi the Higtra 90(1, and .i. 1). 155J.
The Litter was ■...mrscd iiy his SuccclPn' with the utmolt
Maf.iiukenvc, .md adorned with a Dome, which is lo
TKhly gilt, that it dai..les the Lyes ot tlic Sptiftator by
its S^<!indor. li iland'. a hitle Way wahout the datis ot
J)ch,\ at the I'.ml of a line Bridge, comiHifcd of twelve
Arthrs, and is rilecmed one of the nobiill Monuments in
tjic tinpire of inir^jlan. i liu Monarch lurvivrd lus Kc-
Aoraiion two Vcais, mnr Months and fourteen Days, and
reigned from his lirll Aicedion twenty two Years.

8. .■imflyum wa< fmceeded by his .Son .ikebtir, or ^Ik-
tar, then but tluiteen, wiiom all our Hillon^ns agree slanted
1K> Accompiilhmei.ts to adorn a I'hront. He hM\, tlicy
icll as, a ir. U jvnetrating Ju.!(;mer,i, an cxtcnlive Kiviw-
Icdgc, an niirepid Soul, anil at tiu. Lmc '1 ime was
gcncrtu^, tend r, and compaliiunate. I ie loon [)erceivcd
tiiat the Mcguii and 'larlart Ixwc no I'ntjxntion with tfie
i'attans and JruitJiu under his tjovcrnmr'u, and therefore
itivian^ the ncighlxAiring L'Jl/tiks aiwl I'ofiaiis to krvc
lindir litin, ht i>retcrred thtiii to the principal Polti, and
gave tlrni Wiv s, that th; y mijiht in '1 niie be a Balance
lor tlut fan ot his Subjciils whom Nature and Intcrcll
mJined to be dilalfcded to his Ciovernmmt. And the
grcatci l^art ol thdc who arc called A/c^i/.'j, at this Day,
are a Mixture ol white i'cuplv ot Itvcrai Nations, pro-
telFing tl.c Mci'uinmtJjH Religion -, but it being found,
lliat 111 a fhort I niu tiuy luk their Lonij)Icxion, and de-

rnerate into Soltnefs, hkr th.- oriHirwl N«iv« f
Country, new Siipplu-s of /'f>ii„ »nd 7rtr^^, ,,"''"
rag. d to tranlplant ihrmrrlv,.s, ,nd ihfi.. „Uil Zt
r.r..rrft I'ofh n the Covernmrnt. This iW] ^'
ffren,th-n i.iulf .g,.nU ,he /'...„. ,^Zf^

,r.liisSe,v;re. -liHe «-c thM.i.iv, 11 |V..j,,c ^tS;
native IndMHi, wiw make Arms their I',n|,ii<,. ..j*
Paf',n>s by Kelinion • » and to . ndear tli< „ tl,. ^ „,
raid, he HK)k the I)au^:hfeis ot the prM„i, .' Hm iJll
th.r Numl,er of his Wisf, , and mrtn' Z\<7l
match with i,.e Mogul Fnmdl.s ; ihg' j ,. ,it onrtt'i.th.
I'att ot thellilb.iy is a l.file diltkiilt t., , ttCrf'itiT
ircaule no People m the World JfCo Iauuuloiio4mu,nj
with thr)le of a ditUreat Region, or miimth iditfe
rentSe^:!. «>■ Imphiyment, •» the (kiicriliiy ot the Pa.
gars of /«irt/.f .in- , tho* there arc |»tnc .Sccls, on t.ht cthci
Hand, thitt aiiniit or very f^iat Liberiiet.

i o proceed, .Hei>,ir h.ivmp taken all prucl.-m M.^fu;,,
10 rcnikr his t iovetnment frciue at home, tygantoihi-k
of extending his Doiiiiniuni t(;wauls the .S<(-(.oift,, ^^^^
he might coiik in for a Share of the rr:Klc an. llicht,
ihat liic mariMinc Places w)irvfrecl-, aixl the im' Ym-
orize of tills Nature thM Ik iitidenoj.k, WM»g,inilth{
ki.ngdom of Cuzarat, which eWMtos from tin Kivrr
•lapie, upon whiih ifw Town of Swit ftandi, «> t|^
Moiii'i ot the River inJuj. T I'.t of /w;«, anhit
Time, T.ioyeii a niol* Houriniii,.; Iradej the /V;»|««
in I'artuular, who In.! illabhfhcd ( -vrral Colonin m ih«
Part of the Country., i. -(lortul nmcnle Ireafurcj mn
Year tixjin turipf, ,n txihargt lor I ';<■ MinuUcturv u'
Jndia. 'I he Prmce who tlieii ingncd mCuzira/tu
Siiltan Babadar, a iMoh^mmt-Jan. f'hi* Sultan L,(.iifl«J
maintained a long VNar wiih the l\viti>-;irf, whoitoilyw.
troached nj«)n h.> Terruoi s, and larly tiiade ihtmit.ra
Mailers ot Din, a Iowa sshich ii's iipo;i an Armoftlie
Sea, airnoll opj->o(itt: to .V«f <j/ -, but butli the Siilan &}!»,
and iIk. PcrtygHtze, lH:ir.g alarmr.l at the ApproailifcltiK
AI'-'^m!, united their Foii.es agamll him.

It was with lomc Dilliiulty, ic is I'aii!, t!i.it /li:(hji(-
vaiicd on hu '1 rtxjps tu march a^a'fi'^ li'C Piriumrj.
They had been nrprcltntcd at /W.V as lomcthW|j mere
than mortal, and tnol.- Vall tlaiiing Machines armed »i:)i
Artillery, witliwhr. h they had he.ird they fuighi upca
tiie Water, they were apprchcnliv,' m!i',ht be i;;;kIc ul; ot',
or at leall lonieihini; cf the like Nature upon t!it land,
They dreailcd the Lncoiinter thretorc to Inch .1 D.'gret,
that they were ujion the I'oint ot turning tlieir Bjci;s, M
quitting the !■ nierpri/;-, till AKibar, who had I iv a-
formed Innil'cll ■ 1 the Numlrrs, ad Sircn.jth il !ht
I'.ncmy, and t!ii u manricr of cn^.>r.ni^, convit.iCii im
'I'roo|i* flow nnuli inf'jnur I'.is litilc (ji»ur<i; Princr, Jtid
the Pertupme, were to 1 . loiccs he 1 .out^htwiih lam,
and putting himlelf at the Ileal of Ins I'nx).::, in o«
brilk Clurge, he louted both tlie GuzJiJU MPait-
guezt. Sultan Hadur lied, hut his C.'iilcrrn wfn- Uf.%
PrifoiK-rs, and put to Deatii by tlic Ci u]iiTor, v:A i.lt
whole Kingdom immediately lubniitlii! • .;:s I'uwrr, a-
cejH thofc Towns the Pcrtu^uezt wcrt- j- lii iFcd ot, »Nt!i
being lonilied alter the modern \V.jy, bid Uefijncj to ha
l-'orcrs, as indeed, a very llight l-'oriitiration wiil « lliH
Day. Their Klqjhants, winch are their grcaidl Stre^iii,
arc of very little ulc in a Siege, k-caule a Battery o!:7"
(iU[i$ woeild loon lay them in Heaps it they wt J ■;
fuppfjv'd lb intrqiid, ai not to Iw difurdercd by tlicvtry
i-ire, or even the Re[)ort of a Canr.on.

Akebar finding (iuzara: lo ealy a Lonqncli, Ir: hi
Arms tow arils Duan, wliiuh lies to the So-ithwaru ot ic

' Tl.r irirll jnii Hc^Jfr wi I cfily jvftceive t!ir Rcilbn wl.y tliu Ijnjirc hti bt«n mort fubiefl to Revoluiijm thin iny other, the A.i;w.^in1

.■r:», ikc i.atiw /'/(a« ccnuinir.g dill a» dillmit « Nitio.. - . ,.

l>unn„J.r. i; i,t I-.'.) .'-■. ihc MJ .im^,i.,,,i tontrnm il.tm ; fo tlut tti» C; artnincnl lii.l tcmniiu »hii ii «4» *t ihc frumuiiii;, ilal u la i','. *"'

ri SabjC' n tlul Itc < Jii c'rpf.u! on L i; luiian ai J

kunmij-r, 1' lit 1:. I) .'-'.lilt MJ.im'<-ii.,i:i cuMrmn

nrr, ilir :iv>wd yi'viuj; I »w, uiJ l)»ing Uic nuc ^lourcr ol Powci 1 Im ULitcnratioti will be IouihJ ol jtejt uie to the u.iJeiit«;iiiii g t

fart III thii Union , ,, <

' It II .1 yitiiy t;i!!icii't Ihi.in 10 6. tU Manr.cr of Wnuiif thu Wor.1. uliich in all I'mbability is vetv mcotii-il)' fxprtflfJ by the rur,frt«J-
ii( out £'.•.>:■ .WtUn .n:tt :t, l>a/hf,ii. or A" «///■<,./,, ihcT iir [i.jpcrly iht War I ribc of llir itmri.: /./.i-i, ai J >»» Sii-! "''=' ra/lK^s^ 1
dirti gillVfd by il.i N .■ e lit i\iitrn,i Tt.t .A, mi tlicy u;r, »rc iommon'y Sword-, Pikr> jrwl Huc-!rr»; bu! wl.en liif) jpi«si »l'' '.''j|^
t Xi-ik, n i> 1 ceiuiii !-:rii that ti*)- have maJc j Vow tiiiwr lo corxjutr or ilir Un ihfle Otcalioni, it it ccmmoii rnojgn lor them '" ' ^'Ij;
Uir:r 1 wraj,!. by lal-.n..; tJpuiii, which mlpirr-. Vm wiih a (on ot miliiatv Hury, thu UiflcK not niucn t;um MjJnfli^ VUrt » oCt r.|
na'UU 111 lilt. I DiiL.r.ior, «/.iili n, ih..t bcloic thr) engage, ihcy cinbiac* (aA uliktr, » il n.«y wt.e on li.c Puir^l ot Jepariir.gcr. «».»tJ"
iir), i4iiii:uli..^ tiK'irl') tiKU KctJiticis to tuA WIS at:uihe> buie.

T:;.i

Chap. II.

C/ M A R C O P O I

ilW

fhii w« ilividril into fcvrral little Sovt riignti' s. Miijla-

., ,1 Mohammtiian I'rincf, |)oil ,k ; tjut I'jrr of tlic
Ldiimry wlirciii tli< iDwn* ot tiramfcur and yfrer are litu
atAl, whole .Suhjftts gave hint the Jifl'- ot A/r/«, w
Kmij. ^1manmliij^(tt\ unit the 1 crntory h. loiij^mg to it,
wn lijbif(.'t to the <^uccn ol (.V»»</c, anil /fwidr (oniniand
tA ihc Uillrid ot Deliabail. llicli I'rinccr, tlio' « other
'I iiiirt I'.ncmifs, iinitiil their I'uriis Jg.tinit Akrh/ir, ar,<l
l^avi' hin\ B.ittle, hut were iletiafej by him wiih vtry lit-
u- l.ol's. 1 !ii' KiihiOlion ot the lortreiU's whirh thefe
hinK • ("oll'dli:!!, [mdvc a Work ot greater I..ilxi(ir» for
n/;w ivtiy one Ik in;; to tlcteml what wai thiir own,
txirtcd their iitmoll torce, ami th' ir utmoft. C.ipacity.

The tortrcis ot /Ictr wai the tirll that he atcark'il, an
irregular lortirication, and winch could iuvc made no l)c-
tdv'c againll an Enroptan Army, Inic a IMace ol great
buciigth in the Imhes, and very well provided with Ar-
tillery, lome ot which, u is laid, were call hy tlio IhMuhs
tliiiiildven, lielore the Poriuf^uext vilitcd their Coalh.
King Mufiapba was there in i'erlon, with a very nume-
rous ti.ir-ifon, compufcd entirely ol Ins b-rll Troo])*. The
Detente , made, was worthy ot his Re|Hitation tor Coii-
uuct, and !((r Courage, ami the Army ot the Mogul was
Ij ruined liy he l-atigu: ot tlus Siege, that the Kmpc-
ror himli'li i. id i houii^ts oi tailing it, when he was in-
lormed tiy lome IXIertrrs, that the Garrifon began to
want Water, whi< h encouraged him to remain bctore the
Place. King Muftapba pcrcnvuig tlie Cilterns dry, and
linowin;; the Kamy-kiealbn to be at a ' >illancc, refolved to
retire privately out ot me FortreCs, in order to tiuow himftlf
into brjmpcurt and there dcLiid himlelt aiid the rell ut his
JJonilniuns.

It was with this Defign, thv in the middle of the
Night, lie quitted /inr in Dilguiie, \ I before he had
proceeded tar, he was fcizcd t)y ''lie Advance Guards of
the Mogul Aimy, who carried hv immediately to the
Kinpcn)r's Tent. When he came iiuo the I'lclcnce of
jilukr, th.it Monarch allied him who lie wa.s and where
lie was going ? 'J 'o which, with (.'/cat Spirit, he anAvercd,
(hat he was King Mnjltipba, and that knowing him to be
a wile and generous I'rincc, he came out to alk his Ad-
v:cr, i'.nce they had now no Water lefr, and he could not
bring himlelf, alter living fo long as a King, to become
the Subject of another, .^/k/'.jr bid him go luck tot'"!
Plarc, and be fatislied, that ;■ Heaven intended to deliver
iiiiu, he would meei with a Supply ot Water by fome un-
exjxcted Means. Mujiupba took his Aiivice, and rcturn-
td to his Fortrel^, It was then aliout the midcllc of May,
and as t!ie rainy Se.iUm docs not ufually commence till
the middle ol 'June, he had not iinic h Kcafon to expccft
what ncvcrthelefs tell out the Night tbilowing, in which
k rained fo plentituiiy, that his CilUrr.s were all full by
the next Morning, /tkdar, altonilhed at this Accident,
kit a liiltieiciu Body ct Troops to blocl; up Acn, and
marched with the reli ol his Forces to Uliege hrumpour,
which, tho' a Place of ccjiiliderable Strength, and well pro-
vided with every thing, did not hold out lung, and Aiuf-
lapba kmg tlv- b"lt Part of his f")ominions loll, refolved
to nuke tlie belt Terms he could tor himlelf, in Confide-
Miiim of the Surrender of Jeer. The Mogul f;;anted
kill! .li good Conditions as he could reafonably cxpecfV,
ami Mujlapha entering into his Service, had the lame
Kcl[ ■ ct paid iiim as the other Rajahs.

Alter the Reducition ot yLcr, the Mogul prepared next
for the Siege ot Jmamdagar, whieli the Princely of Cande
iktending with great Courage, kept him two Months be-
fcue the Place. At length, defpairing to hold out, flic
eaiilcd all her Tiealure to Ix.' melted into Bullets, and, in-
Krilx-d with the bittercll Curies aga.n't her Kneiriies, Ihot
tlieiii into tlie neighlKiuring Woods, to prevent his polfcl-
fing it. Some ot theli- gold and lilver Bullets Maiioucbi
alUircs us were (ound in his Time, and he read the In.
Iiiiptions on them with abundaace of Delight, and one
partieidarly ot (iold, he l.ivs weighed eight Pounds at
It'all, jlmbar luariiig the [^n.ii Uiltiih that this Princels
w,isii', relolvcd to make an I'.ll'oit lor her Deliverance,
Mc! at the lame Time to keep the War out of his own
Country. 'I'he Defign w.is iviurous in ittMf, and well
(•ic-ii^h contrived, and on ihcl\e\icw ot liis i'orccs, it

^35

fremrl nof alfo»v thir impodble t ) have cwcuted it ; for
till' Imiiiin I'lincc, by couiixlling all his S'ubj«€U U> jke
Arii.^, had drawn tugethrr utar lit\y thoufand Men,
/Ikekar however utticked him fuddcniy on his March, dc-
fearcd him without the I.f)(sof a M4n, and his own Peo-
ple Ixing dilccmtented witfi his Condud, murdered the
unlortuiuite /ImLar in his Flight. Tin I'nncels of Candi
feeing now no I lop.s left, yielded her City, and herfcif,
to the victorious Mr^ul, who not only treated her with
■I'l the Kcf]x.a due to her Quality, but loon after received
her into the Number of his Wives, and flie rei'siaiiied for
many Years his principal !• ivouiite. Aktbar was now
Maltcrofbelt|ait()f tli. S..utliCoaa of /«*/*/»<»», and almolt
allthcKajahs ot that Country readily yielded Imn Obe-
dience.

It was at this Time, t^at from a Motive hitlierto con-
' ealed, he took Ocealioii to deflioy the vail an«.l beautiful
City ot Dthli, the antitnt Kefi Icnce ot rhe Patlai* Kings,
and the Capital of In.lojlan. I le built a Molqut, and a
Palace at /'•.ipour, and the Rajahs budding alto many
Palaces nc,., ;hem, it foon bee.i le a very confideiablc Ci-
ty i but the f.uftre of this Pl.u^! filled not long, tince
tlie Fmperor himfell perceiving that the Air wa, unwhol-
fome, r' "loved from them e, and returned into the Neigh-
bourhood ot Debli, where, out of the Ruins of tlie old
City, he crettid a new one on tic Banks of the River
ycTMWKj; but even the Splendor ot this new City could
net picafe him long, and therefore proceeding farther on
the River, he tixed on the little Town of Jgra, tor the
Seat of his F.mpire, It ii leatcd on a large Plain, and
the River Jemma making an LIbow therein, the City lies
nnind it in the Form ot an Half-moon. At one tnd he
rrciiited a noble Palace, round which the Omrahs and Ra-
jahs built their- ; lo that in a very Ihott Space of Time,
irom an inconfulerable Hamlet, it grew to be a large Ci-
ty, ot nine Italian Miles in Circumtcrence, and having
no fewer than 660,000 fettk^. Inhal^itants, cxclufive of
Strangers.

The Palace of thr I iripcror, which fervcs for a kind
of Citadel to /;^rfl, is one ot the liucll Stiucitures in the
World. The Walls of it, wliich are about thirty-five
Foot high, are of a fine red Stone, little inferior in IJard-
nefs and Bauty to Marble, and it is built in fuch a Man-
ner, tlut the joii-.ing of the Stones i' i not in the leaft
appear. It is ador. ed with rich and beautiful Balconies,
on every Story ; and between t+ie Palace and the River,
there is a kind ot Parade, where tlic Fmperor Ices his
Guard rcsicwed, and the Battles ol his Elephants. On
the other Sux- the River, Hands another City, as long as
yfg>\i, and not much interior to it in Bignefs. This is
cntiiely inhabited hy Indians, or, as they are now colled,
Baiimiis, who are ci'.hrr M.rchants, or Artificers i i^) that
this City is no iels remarkable for its Commerce, tha;i the
other tor being i lie IiinxrialRclidence of the Grind A^efa/,
and being the Capital of the Indies. When this great Work
was accomplilhc'd, it plainly appeared, that this Emperor
intended it for a Monument of his Glory to lateft Poite-
rity, by his bellowing upon it the Name of Mebarabady
i. c. the City oi .y.i'har -, but after his Deceale, this new
Name was laid alide, and the old one revived ; lij tlut
this Capital of the Indian Empire is llill known by the
Name of /Igra.

His Attention to the raifing of this new City, did not
extinguilh that Thirll of Empire, which had appeared in
the firft Years of his Reign. On the contrary, having
heard of an Indian Rajah, who was equally celebrated for
his Wildom and Courage, and who was befides illultriout
on the fcore of his Dtfcent (rom the famous Porus, and
whole Dominions lay but twelve Days Journey from his
Capital, he immediately formeel a Defign ot reducing
them, the rather bccaulc they Ly between his hereditaiy
Dominions, and hi;: new Conquefti. Tiiis Rajah took the
Name of liana, which feenis to have been common to ail
his Family, according to the ancitjnt Cuilom of the Indies.
1 ie was a Prince worthy of the Blood of Porus, and who,
if he had been well I'cconded, might h.ive rellojrcd the Li-
berty of his Country. As it was, he made a noble At-
tempt, which will be ever remombered in the Chronicles
of that Country.

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636

7k r or AGES audTRAFELS Book I.

He was foon obliged to quit the Field, and to (hut him-
felf up in the Fortrels of CUter, fcated on the Top of an
high Mountain, and furroundcd by a River. The Siege
of this Place cod the Mogul two Years, though at the
Head of the mod numerous and bed furnifhed Army that
had ever been fcen in that Country, and was endangered
by the fouled Piece of Treachery that perhaps was ever
committed ■■. Akebar pretended to raife the Siege, and
defirrd of Rana to have the Liberty only of entering the
Place with fifty Attendanu, which was granted him by the
honed Indinn without tiic lead Sufpicion ; but after he had
been very kindly entertained, and conduced to the Gates
of the Fortrefs by the Rajab himfclf, he threw over his
Neck a Chain of Pearl, drung upon Mohair for that Pur-
pofe, and pulled him without the Place, where a Body of
tlie Mogul's Troojis made him Prifoner. He afterwards
made his Efcape, and the Mo^\ having renewed the Siege,
he was killed on the Walls, and fo the Place was forced to
capitulate, and thereby all the Dominions of that once
powerful Rajab wrre annexed to the Empire of Akebar, and
proved a very confidcrable Acquifition.

The Conclufion of this War could not but be very agree-
iible to the Emperor, who found his troops fufficiently har-
i^fl'fji by a War of fuch Continuance, and in which at
the Beginning fo many Indian Prince s were engaged, who,
notwithftandinp, retired into their refpidive Territories as
loon as they faw Cbitor inveded ; whereas if they had kq)t
t!)c Field, and harraflld the Army of the Mogul, it is
h'ii'i'y probable they might have pnfirved the City of
CbiioTy and ihc Country of R^ijab R,.na, from being
thus Iw.iilowal up by him, who meant to bring them all
under his Subjection. But whether it proceeds from Reli-
gion, Humour, or Cudom, certain it is, that the Banians
have an edablifhed Principle amongft thtm, that dclcnfive
Wars againd Foreigners are only lawful, and that they
ought not to march out of their own Dominion?, in order
even to attack an Enemy that h.is often artempted their
IXdruiftion. This weak Notion h.is always given the
Moguls great Advantages over tliem, and particularly this
politick, as well as enterprizing Prince, who, when he liad
torn from them a Part of their Dominions, fuddenly laid
down hi^ Arms, ;md thereby put an End to the War, till
another favourable Opj)ortunity offered.

Jktbar therefore, after he had fubducd this Province,
employed himfclf for fome time in cultivating the Arts of
Peace, in enlarging the City of -/^rj, and beautifying his
Palaces ; and amongothcr great Works, he planted the Road
from j4gra to Labcr, and matlc it one continued Walk of
fliady Trees, though it be not Kfs than four hundred and
fifty F.nglijb Miles from one City to the other. This dill
remains as a Monument of tliis Emperor's Grandeur, and
is an inconccivcable Rcfrcdimcnt to Travellers in fo hot a
Climate. He w.as a gr-jat Admirer of all robufl Exercifes,
and took a Pleafure in the mod hazardous Viv^ thereof,
breaking unruly Horfes, and managing the War- FJephants
when they fought ; an Employment lb very dangerous,
that the Wives of thofc who arc obliged to do it by their
Office, tear off their Cloaths, and the Pendants from their
Ears when their Hufbands are ii.u'> cxpofcd. Nay, it i$
repc-rtcd of hini, that m the War he had with the Peafants
of the Countn.-, the mod nWlinate he ever engaged in,
when luine ul them had fliui thcmlelvcs up in a Town, and
the Ccnciuctors of the Elephants were onlcred to break
open the Gates; ujwn their cxjireffing fome Reluftance to
Jiazard tlicniftlvrs in fo iltfj;eratc an Undertaking, the
Emperor commanded one of them to difmounr, and
doathed 111 a common Soldier's Cnar, n.ountetl the Ele-
phant himfelf, and iranaged him witli that Dexterity, that
he forced oj>en tlic (iatc in the midd ol a Shower of Ar-
rows whiih the btfiegid }M:.urcd \i\>on him, and had the
;()od Fortune to come oti unhurt. This War with the
eafants, which liegun in Akebar\ Reign, laded a con-
rtderable time ■, for being .-Kquamted wuh all the Defiles
and inacccfTiblc Parts t-f the Forelb, it was found exceed-

If;

ing difficult to drive them from their Haunts, and the Go-
vernment is io fcvcrc upon this fort of People to this Dav
that if a Pcafant be found in Arms, he lofes his Head
Nothing is more common than to fee the Heads of thcli
Wretches hanging on the Road Sides in lerrorem.

While Akebar was engaged in this War with the P^
fants, his elded Son Jeban Guire broke out in Rebellion
againd him, but his Party was foon defeated, and the
Prince made a Prifoncr. However, fuch was his Fathw's
Tcndcmefs towards him, that he did not keep him Iwie
confined •, but, to deter him from fuch Praftices lor the
future, upon his Enlargement, he made the Prince follow
him into a Pored, where he dicwcd him the Heads of the
principal Confpirators hanging upon the Branches of the:
I'rees. The Prince being taught, by fo tragical a I'rolbfcr
the Danger that attended fuch Enteqirizes, or moved by \
Senfe of the Emperor's Indulgence to him, ever after cw.-
tinued undiaken in his Loyalty and Duty to his Father.
This Infurreftion was no fooncr fupprclTed, but the ta:-
tans, who had been driven up into the Mountains by
yfmayum, began to make Incurfions into the open Couiitrv
and threatened to affume their ancient Sovereignty in tliiif
Kingdom of Debfy. Againd thefe /Ikebar fent an Army i:
cighty-thoufand Men, who entered the Patian Countrvi
but were all cut in Pieces, or periftied in the D( farts. ' '

This Misfortune obliged the F.mpemr to lay alide ail
Thoughts of fubtiuinp thefe People, at lead for the prefcnr,
and perceiving that the chief Caufe of his Milirarri.T'c wa i
that his Artillery hail not been fo well played as it minht
have lx.en, he refolved to take Itime h.uropcms intofes
Service, and with this View he fent tor lomc Evglijh Gun-
ncrs from on Board their Ships that came to tratic upon his
Coads 1 and of one ol thefe ( lunners \vi- have a very whim-
fical Story, which, as it has notliini; in it improbablr, 1
will venture, for the Re.ider'» Amtilirinenr, to relate. This
Man was particularly fkilful in his PrcleHion, but withal
had a great Affc(?fion for his Bottl •, and found himlcJ!
much at a Lofs in a Mohammidan Country, where Wine
was prohibited. He at lalt contrived a very fingular Me-
thod for procuring in this relped a DifpcMlation for him-
felf. The Emperor being dclirous to fee a Proof of his
Dexterity, ordered a larg<- Carpet to k* hung up at a rea-
fonable Didance, and diredtcd him to (ire at ir, which the
Fellow did, but pointetl his Giui in fuch n manner, that
the Shot flew extreamly wide. The }-'.iii|ieror called him,
and gave him a pretty britk Reproof, telling him, that it
was a Shame for a Man to take iipm him that Oilier, who
knew fo little of the Matt< r. Tlir- fiuniicr anlwcred with
great Humility, that (ince he had been debarred the Lie
of Wine, his Eyes were grown dim, init that if his Majelly
would order him a chirruping; Cup, he lUirlf ent^agc to hit
a fmalk-r Mark. Akibar inimciliately commanded that
they dimild give him a (^lart, of wtuch the (iimncr made
but one Draught, and then applying hiiiileif tothe i'atl<he
had undertaken, he performed it with univerfal Applaiile.
Tht Emperor ujx)n this ordered it to be entered in the An-
nals of his Reign, Tbat Wine is as natural lo Eurojieans,
OJ floater to fijh, and that to Jftrivi ticm cf n, 'xastir:'}
tbem cf ibt great fjl Comfort cf tbir l.rjr<.

It was from this Accident that a I .aw was made, trivinj
Leave to fuch Foreigners as ftttlcd in the i'.mpire to Liilti-
vatc Vineyards, which thev have linrc done with f;rcat
Succefs and Profit. I Ic from this Time forwanl had a
great Kindnefs for the Exrtptans, and took all imagiii:^::
Pains to engage them, as well as all other Stranger;, to
fettle in his Dominions, that they might enlarge the Trade,
and perfc<5t the Manuladures of his Siibjeifs. By this
means his Empire bcc.ime every Day more and more flou-
rifliing, and the Inhabitants of it more and m ire indulin-
ous ; yet with all thefe great Projxrrtics, and notwithftano-
ing he was certainly one of the abled Politicians in the
Ead, Akebar had (bnu thing very extravagant, whidid.l-
covercd itfelf particularly in his Notions about Kfligion-
His own good Senfe, allided by the Lights he received

•■ Thf Sift;* of Ctitrr ii «lmort a. fjmrjus injong th« modem hiiiani, ai the Siege of Trty among the ancient Crtth ; «nd an infinite Number of "■
Imloii. Storiei hairc beer ihrull into i»ii« Hulory I hu» 11 ii fcid to have had iu Beginoiiig ftom ilic Charadler wliicli .Uiior had rttin cd ot the wai.
UW I'tilman,, ibc Wil* of Ka^a, aud llic moll lovely Woman iii the ImI4,i. AB thefe Embclliftimnili I thoui-ht rcqiuliie to leave tu', tlul "«

. I lovely -

mi^l.i keep the more within BounJ., and rtpori ai near m polHblc nwlurg tiut Millcrj of F»ft to the Reader

fro;n

Chap. 11.

0/ Marco Pol

^^7

from the Vortugutze MilTioiiatics, broupht him to difcern
many Abliiniities in tht Mohammedan Religion, to which
\y; had never been much adiliiled •, but inllcad of becoming
Chriftian, as the Portuguezc Pridts cxpedted ', he fram-
"j a llrangc PrqjcA of introducing a new Religion, which
very plainly Ihcwcd that he confidercd it only as a political
|;,!iitiition, and as a ufeful Kngine of Government. He
,\as fcnfil'le ot the great Inconvcnicncies that arofe from his
Stibiecls, bt ing of different Faiths, and therefore he was

ror commanded the Antelope to be opened, the Flefh of
which appeared black and corrupted, nnd th- Dogs died
that eat of it, by which Akebar difcovercd how very fubtil
the Poifon extrafted from this Infeft was, and caui'ed a
Quantity of Pills to be made up with it, which he com-
pelled fome difaffefted Lords to take in his Prefence, and
thereby difpatched them out of his Way ". He praftifed
the fame Conduct towards all whom he efteemecf Friends
to Muftapha, whom he found to have abundance of Crea-

willing to introduce a Syftem that might reconcile them all, tures in his Court, and promifed himfelf, by this Contri-

aid at the fame time place him at the Head o\ Ecclefiaftical, vance, a fafc and happy Reign for the future.
.1,; well as Civil Affain. This Scheme of his he publilhed But it fo fell out, that this very Art turned upon him-

a: Ukor, and at firll it was tollerably well received, at leaft ftlf, and fhortened his Days in the fame manner that it had

Miuiig his Courtiers, who were reatly enough to embrace done thofe of his Enemies. The Perfon to whom hecon-

.i.v thing that might pltate their Mafter. In this new fided the Seaet of mixing thcfe Pills, had Orders to fup-.

L-.i;.,;,.,. hp Oiiclied to comorehend the urinrinnl n,vf>rm.. ply the Emperor's Box from Time to Time with a certain

Ktiigion he lludied to comprehend the principal Doftrines
a!ui nioft lemarkable Rites of all the reft. Baptifm he bor-
ii/,vt\l tioni the Chrillians, Circumcilion from the Moham-
ir.t.!aHi, a profound Reverence tor the Sun from the Ferfees,
inJ with tlufc he mingled Ibmewhat of the Morality, and
fvcn of the Theological Notions of the Itramiitj, aflliming,
ill cunlcqiience of this Invention, the Title of Sbah Geladin,
iliat is the fupream Pontiff of the fovereign Law.

But 111 the niidll of his Politicks there were certain Cir-
cumlbnccs attended thefc Proceedings, which he had not
iorcfen, and that was the difgulling all fuch of his Subjcds
as wtTe really Men of Principles, and fincerciy attached to
iliL- Faiths which they profejed. 'I'he Mohiimmedanu who
zv:, gcntraily fpeaking, Bigots, were provoked to the
lilgheft Degree by what they cill his Ajjollacy. The In-
c.::,ns WLTf by no means plealed, and the Perfees remained
c'lliiiatcly lixcd to their old Religion, which they thought
r..i- yriovoully iirofanctl by this new Regulation ; and thus.

Quantity of them. In this Box there were three Parti-
tions, in one of which he kept his Betel, which, according
to the Cuitom of his Country, he chewed in the fame man-
ner as in Europe People chew Tobacco ; in the fecond he
had fome cordial Pills to help Digeftion, and in the third
were thofe Poifon Pills. It happened one Day, that either
through Hurry or Inadvertency, he miftook the Pills in the
third Partition for thofe in the fecond, and by this means
poifoned himfelf. The Venom operated flowly, but fuiely,
notwithftanding all the AlTifbnce he received from his own
Phyficians, and from the Pertugueze, fo that he ended his
Days in great Pain and Mifery, after he had reigned fifty-
three, and lived fixty-fix Years. His Corps was interred
in a very fine Tomb of his own Building, and he left behind
him the Charadter of one of the braveft, wifeft, and molt
fortunate Princes of the Age in which he lived, and feemed
to have merited in the Courfe of his Reign, the Title he

rika.i ot picafing all, he pleafed none but fuch Men of alTumed at the Beginning of it, Jkel/ar in the Language of
I .'iu; t Intentions as were kail to be relied or depended on. his Country figniiying inimitable.

' ■- •■ • ... ^ Sbdb-Selim, i.e. ibe peaceable King, {ucceededhhFu-

ther /ikebar on the 2 1 ft of OUcber in the Year of the Hegira
1014, and in that of our Lord 1605. On his afcending
the Throne, he aflumed, as the Cuftom is in the Eaft, a
new Name or Title, and called himfelf Notir'odin Moham-
med Jebanguir, i. e. the Light of Religion, Mohammed Cfl»-
queror of the World. Almoft all the European Authors
call him 'Jeban Guirc, and therefore that we may not feem
to affeft Singularity in Matters of no great Importance, we
ftiall call him fo likewife, that the Reader may apply what
is here delivered tl.e more readily to what he may read of
this Prince in other Authors. As to the Ciiarader of this
Monarch, we are obliged to fpeak of it more largely than
hitherto we have done of any of thefe Princes, becaufe the
Hiftory of his Reign depends in a great meafure tiicrc-
upon. He fell very far Ihort of his Father in .'Vbilities*
and at the fame time exceeded liim very mi;ch in his Vices. '
He loved eating and drinking more than became a King,
and the chief Reafon why lip inclined rather to the Chrif-
tian than to the Mohammedan Religion was, becaufe the
former did not rettrain him in Mtits or Drinks as the latter
did. He was very brave in his Perfon, thougii he did not
alfcJi: War fo much as fome of his Predecefibrs -, b\it
whenever his Affairs forced him to take the Field, he
Ihewed himfelf as capable of conduttnig his Armies as any
of them. He was naturally fond of the Franks or Europe-
ans, becaufe he tbund them more inclined to that ni;inner
of Life, which he liked beft, than the Mohammedans, whom
he treated with great H;u-Ihnefs and Severity 1 for he par-
ticularly atfeded Feafting at the Seafon of the Year, when
by the Precepts of their Law they were bound to faft;
and if at fuch times they refilled to eat and drink as
freely as he would have them, he threatened to throw them
out of the Window of his Dining-room, under which two
fierce Lions were conftantly chained. One would imagine

1 n:: i'irll-lruits of liis new Religion was a dangerous Revolt
l-jgun in tlie following Manner : Miijlapba, one of the
Dscan Princes, whom he had formerly fubJued, and who,
as has been before objervcd, had liveil peaceably in the
Mngiil's Court lor a confiderable Time, about this Time
retired from thence, anil found means to rep'iiVefs himfelf
tt his Country, where many Mohnmmedaui, difgufted at
the Slights the L'lnpcror had put u[)on their Religion, went
ever to him. The Prince PU\iri, the Emperor's beloved
Son, to whom he had given tiic Name of Marad, was
ftntwith a gall.mt Army to fupprels this Infiirrection ; he
trgagtd the Rajah in the Province of Cambaya, being con-
liiltrably fupirior to the F.iiemy in Numbers, but Muftapha,
who was an experienced Caj-tain, and |Hrfedlly acquainted
with tht Country, gained an intire S'ictory over the Em-
peror's Kor(c-.'., and the Boiiy of young Morad was found
in the lidd of Battle among the llain. This Stroke of
Fortune, it is laid, pierced Ak.bar to the Heart, and he
was lb knlible of the Anger of 1 leaven, that he never after
worfhipped the Sun, nor liiffcrcd, as in C'onfequence of his
Scheme he had done, Divine Flonours to be paid to his
own Perfon.

Thi' I'.mperor fooii after returned from Cachemire, by the
Way of Labor, and marched Southward till he arrived at
■'/^rtf, where migiity Preparations were made againft Mu-
ll'iplia. In tile nie.m while the F.nipcror grew extreamly
thoughtful, abandoning all forts of Uiverlions but Flunt-
ing, whidi he followed chiefly for tlie Opportunity of reti-
ring alone into the Foreft, and unfrequented Places. In
<"C ol thffe I'.xcurfions, fitting by himfelf under a fhady
Irtf, it is r.iicl he obfervcd a ccrLiin kind of Caterpillars
crciping near him, which he killed with the Point of one
ot his Arrows, and fliooting an .\ntelope foon after with
the luine Arrow, the Bcaft expired in an Inllant, tho' the
\\uunj was not in a mortal Part i whtrtupon the Empe-

' There arc r.l.undance of llranRC Stor.cs related of ihc Conferences between this MonMch and tlirfe MiDion.ines, which, as I cannot believe, I xyill
'■'■< tflite, but conteiu niyfelf w iTIi oblervini-. lliat in this Loiiri, as well as in moll others, the Supplenels ol the Clergy did more Harm to Kfligion
>M tiKir PreichinK coulJ do oorxl The rmth of the Matter leeiiis to be, that they had one thing in \iew. and the l.mpctor anotiar, lo that tlicy
*'K cominiully at Ci Jls-purtx^cs they Itudying by Aitilkcs unworthy of the thrillian Religion to convert him, and he labou.ing all he could topicK
oi' 01 ihein luch things as might be ot moll Lie to him. in which he fucceededniuch letter than they ..,.,, , „. „„,„,„, ,■ , f„4rf^nlv

^ Tlie.c iWms to 1?: lometl.mi; contradi«ory m th.s Account of the Hoilon which .^«<«r dilcovered, fince .t is fa.d to have oP"-'';?'! '^ f"ddcnly
wiht Beall, ...d lo lluwiy in Men , but if wc codiJer the KicU attentively, we llull very loon be convinced, that they are very co: intent. In tho
' '! I ' cc the I'olfon in one inllance was unmixed, and in the other compounded, which mull neceirarily make a great Aluration in the '"^"';'-'- ?' "
*«'-H i and ,„ the next the Foilon wa, very differently applied j for with refpea to the Antilope, .t was thrown '"imcuiatc y " " ^c blo«^^ ai4
!»■«., >0..reas when adminillered to Men, it palled hrll ihruunh aU the Operation* ol llic V.oniach, which, though U.ey could not entirely dellroy.
f '• linntvcr, much weaken in Fotcc. -

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638

77j<f HIS70R r of the

' Book I.

Wlirn iiis Majcfty tliiitforc ifncwtvl |

*rom licncf, tlut hr was obftinatc and cniH, ajid yet it is
renain tliat rw Prince was more iiniicr tlw InllutiRc citlur
ot Womtr, or ot MiniftcTs than he, as will viry cUurly
aj pear iVoni the rulMitqutrt Fart of tliis Hitlury.

It h.is been alrtady oblirvcd, that In- t(H)l< uj> Arms
agunli liis Failwr, aJid tlus Crime drew alter it tiic I'vmilli-
mcnt it diftrved •, tor as the old Kmi)cror Jkebar, while
liis Son was umlcr Dilgrace with him upon tl>i» Account,

oftni threatcm-d to deprive him ot the Succrflion, and to Offers which were nude Iicr, iiis Majtlly tuund iicr .uov:
leave the Crown to his eldeft Son Sultan Khofrc, or, as it is complying % and upon Condition that flic lliuuU be tho
commonly wrotr, Ccfrcti., fo from the very Btgiiuiing of fir(lCJliicen,iiuu herBro:iKrfljouldbel'i:mcMiiiilkr,andhn
hi<i Reign, that young Prince at leall fecn tJy difputeU his Relations prclLntcd to the highcll I'ulls, Ihc was conttnttj
Right to the Crown, concriving liimfclf die lawtul limpe- to yield to the l-'.mhracM of her Hulbanti'i MurJair.
n)r, and fus FatlKr no better than an UfuriHT \ whicii

acquainted hi r liieie was now r.o Ditiicuiiy in die \\..-
and tiiat he defneil no more liian tin- natil \\nw k\\o{-
comply with, to lake her among ti.c Nui.iUr w'^
Wives, flic biokc out into the biiteixu Invutivcs, amj J
proachcd liim with his Treachery and CiuUty. Umthj
Time of her Widowiiood being cxpiiei!, and iuvinghaj
Lcilbfc to vent iicr (Jrict, and relU a on tin; advantagioui

Notion, whether well or ill founded, was the Source ot
thofi- Troubles .ind Difturbanccs in the Govrmmtnt, which
UlUd tor near an humlrcd Years. Yet it does not appear,
that the Ktnperor fliewcd any great Jcaloufy or DifliKc to
tliis Son, before fuch tjme ;is his Behaviour made it abfo-
lutiiy necclTary for him to treat him with Severity ; and
in ail probability, tlic Rcafon that Sultan Cofrvu had fo
many l-ricnds in his Fatlicr's Court, and was able to give
him ib much Difturbance, proccctlrd trom his own ill M.i-
napemtnt, and dpxially tmm liis applying himfelt too
little to A (lairs ot State, and giving up too much ot his
Time to his I'leafures. Another great Krror in tlic Con-
duel of jfhjn dart, was his (hewing a gnat Cor.tcmpl
tor his Father's Memory, and altering alinolt every iliing
that he had I'.one 1 whereas SulunCr/rcw, on the otliir hand»
lludicd in every thing to follow the Foottleps ot his Granil-
tather, to fupport the Dignity ot his Character, to maintain
his Intcreft with ilie gnat Omral's and Rajnts at Court, and
withal, to gain the AtfeAons of the I'lople. It is eafy to
«lifcem from what has Lxi 11 laid, tliat how pcaaablc focvcr
thi'. Monarch's Temprr mighr be, his Reign could not but
be liable to IVoubles and Dillraclions, as wc fliall let

it W.LS.

This Fmptror nmovnl the Imjicrial Scat from y/ifrj to
I.nbir, whicli lies four or five humlR-d Miles to the North
in a more temperaft.* Climate, and the fine Walk of Trees
tfom one City to the other, which was begun by Mdar,

Tlic Emperor Iblemiiized his Marriage on ihc Arrival d
the new Queen in his I'aiace, by a Fcllival, which LiftU
eight Days ■, anil inllcad of the Name ot ^our Aktu!,
which the had before, he gave her tliat uiNm JtUx^ t[
lie Light of ike IVorld.

But, notwithftanding one of tlic gicatcft Emperors oi
tlic liaft was captivated with her Chaai.->, and the lui.
pirc was, for Ibmc Time, governed by litr Arts, her \\-
renugc was but mean •, «iid when flie came ttum Pajl;
tlic Place of her Birth, with her firll llulbanJ, \k wj,
no more tFian a Camel- Driver, thouiih he attcrwariis a^',
vanccd his Fortune in the Moj^ui's Service, and bttan.:
a Commander of hve hundred Men, as was obfirvcJ
before. Within the Conipals of the iirll Year after her
AdmilTion into tlie llaram, or Scragliu, (he dilpatciiJ
tive of the Ladies there, wlio were moll in the Empe-
ror's Favour, by Poifon. And futJi Wiis her Influence
over the F?.mjxTor himlelf, tiut the tiig.igcd him to fur-
bear drinking, at kail, beyond the Uuiiad'i ot Moiicn-
tiun, allowing him no more than nine Glalies at a Sit-
ting. She had no Cliildrcn by tlic l''.in|)tror, and k:
one Daughter by her former llulband ; and the gru:
OLjed therefore of hCr Policy was, to inarry this Daugh
ter to one ot the Emperor's Sons, and then advance liini
to the Throne. 'Jchan Guiie had lour Sons by ftvcial
Wives, the eldeft was born in the Lite of his Graniathtr
ylkftar, and was fliled Sultan Co/nu ; the fcconJ Sukan
Parvii ; the third Sultan Cborrom ' ; and tiic fourth Sui-

was finilheti by tliis Prince ; he made alfo Targe Adiiiiioivs tan Sbf briar. It was to Sultan CcJ'rou that Now Jtlwi

intended to have married Ijcr Daughter, but tliis Prina,
it teems, was prejudiced againll her already, on account
of the Inllucncc (he had over his Father i and anotlier Ob-
llatlc was, his having married a Daughter of one of the
great Rnjabs, of whom he was patTioiutely fond, where-
upon he flighted tlie PropotaL The Siiluncfs olVeredher
E)auglitcr to Sbdn-iar, the youngell Son, Sultan Chimn
licing already married to her Niece, tiic Daughter o\/ijiifb
Kbaa. H is' Brother Sbebriur was plealtd v, iih the Mitch,
jb the moll likely Means to advance him to the Thruni;
after the Death of liis Father. iViid the Marriage was iw
fooner celebrated, but the three elde.- Brothers were ip-
pointcif to diftaiit GoTernments. Sultan Chorrm »ii
tent to Dtian, Sultan Purvis to Uoiga'.., and Siilun djnK
the cid'rt, was defigned for Guzir.it.

But, inftcad of going to that Command, he irtemblci
a Body of Trtwps to (ccurc his Sueceliiu;. to the Crown,
which he apprehended to be Ins Rvju, even at ti.rs L-
llant, for he was bred up in a Behct that I113 Grandtathtv
Akebdr had ap|>ointed bun his inimcJuti; SulCcIFji ; iftJ
though he was content Ins Father Ihould enjoy the Cruwii
belute him, he tould not bear to tee his youngell Bruthc:
the Favourite at Court, and with hi'. Mother-in-law th:
Suluncfs, taking fuch .Sxcpi as muft infallibly exclude luiii.
If this did not juftify it, at leall it exailird hii Coixuct,
ami brought nuny to tide with him 1 but there wereoth.n
who were not caught, even with this plauliblc Pracnct,
.uid, amoiit^tl thtm, tlic vciy bell Fiicnd tlicyounar"-"'^
Lad ill the World.

to th^ Cr.y of Liber, and built him an elegant a)nvc-
nient Palac, but not nc.u- lb ni.igniticcnt as that of ^igra.
Here it w.x? th.it the lunpeTor eng.iged in .-ui Amour,
which occafioiitd him infinite Troubles during die Hi-
tnaindcr ot his Kcign ; and though the Beginning of the
Sctiry have the Air of a Romimie, yet as to the Sub-
ftancf of it.j thea- Is very little Uealon to entertain a
IVKibt, tlic Ditlrattions in the Roy-d Family, .ind the
Wars th.it f.Kceeded amongll tlie I'rincis of the BJooii,
tiitf.i irntly attilt the Tmth of the j rincipal Fads, His
Majilly it fecms w.is walkirig on his Terras, undtr which
funs a fine River, wlien he lay ,1 Barge rowing umlcr him,
wturein was a L.v.!y of lUrprizing Beauty fitting undvr a
Ca-nojiy. 1 lie F.mperor let tin- Barge pafs by, but lint
imir.i'Ci.itely to enquire after hiT Name, ;uid where her
KcfHlerwe v.as. The MelTcrj^ers intormcd him tliat the
l.»<iy's Nai.ie w-.is Ncur .\'Lbal\ arol tiut flie was mar-
fifd to an (Jf^icer who commanded five hundred Men in
h;s M.Vte!ty'5 Service -, wlicrcupon tJic F-inperor ordered rich
t'rifcnts to be ni.nlc hir, md th.it Ihc fliould Ix acquaititi d
hokv rr.uch he was fni:tteii witli lirr Beauty j but tlic Lady
vowid ir.violahh- f'idclity to her llulband, and would nut
lu-ar any I'ropufah to iiis DilhuM.ur. His Majetly, not
biiig able to j.r'%.iil with Ikt to altcT her Rcfolution,
wrote to litr Hiillant! to attnd a certain General, and at
tl;e fame time ftnt to the (Jcner.il to put him to lXat!» as
lrK)n OS I;- f.iw hiin, which was exicuted accordingly, but
not to Ccretly luit A'-nr Mubcl heard of it, and would liot
he (Hit ofV with Anoiints the iMnprior ordered to be di-
vi!lj>;td, tliat he was killed by Accident.

• In CO Tti: I iM* followed the uf.,! Way of S(»ll,ng, bccaiifi bv (hit tttn Lady ii

.■""/ . but htr .\..;!.t m-iic »c untrly rxprnlrd wai A.w .,W./W. wImiIi li^mfiej the /..,;.'•/ <

, wril known to lu from Mr. DnJ'ii PliT «/. ''if ["':,
r/ii,, ;/„««,, or Straiilioi andtixrciiitonfillithcUJ
r. lince it Cgn.liea at oi,cc U* /..,«*> »/ " ' '•'Vj^^ _
— .„. . .,. , ., . , „ ..,,„ .„„ ,,.„ „■„ ^„,j ,„c nanjiomeii « onun m t.'ic Iti/iri, out a grfit Wit alio, and had a fine Vein in '"»"!'. ' '
v<,;,l IIht ua- ilwn.nlt,i.c.im|.)dtie.i other Set. iird n (!.e l.id no; I13J tixi many of thnr Vien, would Juve niadc 1 very llumng Fi£»rt in IW"-.''
X.d-e ire(Oii-;Jr.,t .Viwno.i, of licr amoromar.d political Inirigue, ui.dcr ilie Tiite ol A/«./^ 7»A«»s».,>. , ^„

- i /.tr proper Nin;c o( ti.ii Son of the hn,i. r.,r »a> SuUj,, A7.<u.«-, i r. ili* /■„,., if Jr,. Mc wa« hntn in the Ve.v 1 51):, aiiJ »"' l' ','
•f m /../ .1 I riKrt-, tlie Uiiij-iiter of H.r.ih <iiiJrj,n' i ukI (jjjiwlj he «,» the tiuid San of the liirpenjf. ret lucewdcd (ii» lalhCJ, a"- 1'"
•li.'y, a^; Uj i>oadkU ol u.e 1 .luut of itljitn. ...

ChapH.

Mogul E

M P I R E.

This was M- hummed- Khan ^ liis Father's Prime Miniftcr,

^3^

placfd inmps m .ucn a j..gMt u, „cr i.umutal Hul- Grandfon Bola^u,, die Son of Sultan CV^*«, hi. Suc^ccffor
band, fliat at laft he garr his Confcnt that this great who appeared to be a Prince of aren l'\ cStiL and
Man, whohaddefervcd ahkc vrcl of himfdf and of his then abiut fevcntcen Yel^^^ of A^. tS PrTn«^^^^^^^

Suhjefts, fliould be miirdcrcth The Scheme laid for
this Purpofe, had as much in it of female Management as
of Malice. A Company of Indiansy who wt-re ported in
a Hail through which he was to go to the Emperor's

tore was brought to Court, and treated as the prclumptive
Ileir ot the Crown, while Sultan Cborrcm was commanded
to retire to his Government of Deean. Here he fpent hi^
Time in making Alliances with the neighbouring Rajahsi

Apartment, had Orders to ftab him m his Paffage. Had and by Prcfents and OlTcrs of Preferment, brought ovet

this Comminion been given to one refolute Man, the moft of the brft Officers in the Empire to hi^ Party

Thing had probably been done j but thefe People behaved while the old Emperor Ipent his Days in the Aiflufements

info cowardly a Manner, that they difcovered the Defign of the Seraglio, or over a Bottle, with his Friends j for

without executing it, and Mebammed, who had much cither the Sultanefs now indulged him in it or flie had

pcrfonal Bravery, forced his Paffage into the Emperor's not that Influence over Jiim, as when her Charms were in

Apartment, where, finding him furrounded by Officers, their Bloom.

upon whom he could depend, he fcized upon his Perfon,
forced him to mount his Elephant, and then fearing him-
felf by him under the fame Canopy, with a Dagger drawn
in his Hand, he fent the Emprels Word by one of her own
Spies, that the Life oijeban Guhe (liould anfwer for it, if
any Attempt was made to hinder his Paffage. In this
Manner he conduced the Emperor to his own Palace,
where he was very fafcly guarded ; for Mohammed was not
only General and Commander in chief of the Army, but
had it entirely at his Devotion -, fo that notwithltanding
this furprifing Accident, there was not the lead Stir
amongft the Soldiers, nor any Attempt made to refcue
the Emperor out of his Hands. Wliilc he had him thus
in his Cuftody, he obliged him to continue fobcr, and
reprefented to him, in very plain Terms, tha bad State
of his Affairs, and the bad Confcquences that nuift nccef-
fivily attend the Intrigues of the Sultana. In the mean
time, he direfted every thing as he was wont to do, in
the Emperor's Name \ levied Troops, and made open
Preparations for War. The young Prince, who was all

It was vhlle Things remained in this Situation, tliat
Jehan Giiire tnjdyed the pleafanteft Part of his Rtign.
He lpi.r.t the hot -Summer iMonrhs in tiie little King.lom
ol Cachemire, which all the F.aitern Writers rcprcfeiit us
incomparalily the tintd Country in tl'.e \Vorl(.i. ' It is tjii
moft Northern Part of the Dominions of tlie Grer.t Mo-
gul, and is, ftrirtly Ipealdng, no inore tiian a V.illey, fur-
rouided by high Mountains. The .\ir is tr-mprrate and
wliolfume, the Country rich and iruitiu!, and thi Peopje
valiant in War, laborious and indiillrioiw in T'ime ot"
Pe;ice. It was in this beautiful Region that cl-.e Empe-
ror indulged liimlclf in all the Pleailircs of a rural L.ife.
His Palace was elegant and agrceablo, but, at the fame
time, rather convenient th;ui uiagnificiiit ; his Giirdensf
large, but irregular, and remarkable, rather lor their Re-
femblance to a Forcll, than for the Decorations that arc
derived from Art. The Emprefs, that Ihe might ieeni
to comply with the Humour of fo kind a llufb;md,'
condefcendtd to fliaie in thole rural Delights, and partic\i-
larly diverted herftlf with feeding tame Filh in her Ca-

this Time in the Field, collefted alfo a numerous Body of nals, fome of wliich were many Ycirs afterwards known by
"■'"""'"' ' ' " ' Fillets of Gold which rtie caufed to be put round them.

In the winter Seafcii, when the rainy Weather makes it very
uncomfortable hving in the Indies, Jeban Gtiiie contrived a
fingular Method of amuiinghimfelf at /J^ra, or Ldhor. He
caut'cd a kind of Fair to be kept in thi Galleries of Iiis
Palace, where the Omrcks and Rjjabs kept Shops, and
attended them with their Wives and 13aughters. Ti.e
Emperor and the Royal Family were their only Cuftom-
ers, and amufed theinfLlves in going from Shop to .SIiop,
cheapening Goods and lugling lor them uji if they were
in earneft concerned alxiut laying out their Money p.
But thefe kinds of Pleafures were frecjuently interrupted

Men, the beft Part of whom however were Indians •, for
having married a "Wife of that Nation, and having always
fhidied to oblige the Rajacs, his chief Intereft lay among
thofe People, who promifcd thcmfelvcs great Things
whenever he came to the Crown.

But all their Hopes were dafhed by Mebammed, who
rdcafcd the Emperor, defeated Cofrou, and fent liim antl
his Family Prifoncrs to the Citadel of Guallier. While
the Prince remained in this Captivity, Nour JJjan made
him an Offer not only of his liberty, but to afliire his
.SuccefTion to the Crown, if he would marry her Daughter,
whom Ihe promifed to divorce from his younger Brother
Sbdriar,
maintain
upon

judicc to Ncur Jeban'% Family, or, as others lay, I'uch was
l;is I'aflion for one of his Wives, that he refiifed to comply
with her, even in thofe WTetched Circinnflances. ylfnpb
Ckam, Brother to the Sultanefs, alio encouraged the un-
fortunate Cofrcu to pcrfill in his Refolution, liaving an Inte-
Tdi to manage dillinft from that of his Sifter's -, tor Sul-
tan 0«tw»i, the third Son of the Emperor, as has been
oblirvcd , had married his Daughter -, and if Sultan
Ccfrou and Nour jfeban lliould Ix; reconciled, his Son-iii-
hw could never fiope to liiccecd. But, to make all fiire,
left Sultan Cofroii, induced by the Hardfhips he fuffered,
or the Hopes of a Crown, might, at length, be prevailed
en ro comply with the Sultanefs, he procured the Emperor
to Irnd lor Sultan Cborrom to Court, where they ;igrced

tO! ' ' ■ ■ ■ •

'ttr, as being an unadfivc Prince, and never likely to by untoward Accidents in the Imperial I'amily, and fome-

lin himfelf upon the Throne, if he lliould be placed times too by Caufes of another Naiurc. The wife and

it. But fuch was Sultan Cofrotd Contempt, or Pre- potent Shah Abbus was, at that Time, Monaich of Pcrfta,

. itr ~ ■ I i^ .■ •^ I ■•'■•. * 1 1- ! J -1.1 ivt --i-i _ •_ .^r... A/t 1 u.- ; 1

and a formidable Neighbour to the Mogul. He revived
tlie Pretenfions wliich his Predeceffors had on the Principa-'
lity of Khandiihar ; and one Summer, when Jek.vtGuire
was diverting himfelf in the Kingdom of Cacbemirei the
Scluh fent an Einballador to demand the Rtftitution of
that City and Coui-.try, agreeable to the Promife made by
his Grandfiiilrcr Jmuyum. The Empei'or fent Orders im-
mediately to the A'iceroy of MuUan, which is the ne.ireil
Province to KlMiubhar, to affembic, with the utmoll Ex-
pedition, an Army for its Relief •, but being infonned that
the T'hing w.is impollible, he fent Inllrudions to tlie Go-
vernor of the ^QXUcih A Kh::nddbar, which is the ftroiig.it
Place in the kulies, to lit a good Face upo'i tlie milter,
and to deliver up the City and Caftlc, as loon as the Pcr-

o!-."ther to caufe Sult.in Ccjrcu to be' privately murdereil in fum Army appeixd. The Governor, however, could not
'rJloii. It w.is lirll attempted by i'uifon, but the Prince believe his Lyes, and being a Ixrcer Subjeit

'"Ijiu'teil tlie Defign, and would e.it nothing but wh.it was

ciilicd by his beloved Wife •, whereu^wn tiiey refolved to

fike the fhorttll Way, and ordereil the Captain of the
trtls to lir.-mgle him, wliich was executed without the

Lj:

i"lJtror's Knowledge.
riiis Pivcrfion lias bcfti much uW by liii Succf ff.n. but eficciatly by liis Gr.inrffoii i llionpj. It Ii:it .ilwnys pycn j-j

than a

Stati.fman, WKi uiuble to cumpreh.nd r!i:it any Reafoiis
could be llroir, enough to induce the iMiipLior to part
with u Pl.ice u: lb great .Strengtii, and fo much fmpor-
taiiee-, he therefore deteiided it very bravely lor fix Months,
and did not even lurrender it then, till the Breach w,i8

r.\t Clfluice to the Omral't

Jill /;

iKUuk it oWific^ thc'i. to cxwic tl.ciF W .v» .-.nil OiKubiiics. wlntli tho' iuw m,U t„ ilu- linrcinl I ;imi ) , ^ i^"t born b> them but

j~ —, .•i.^.iuiV i\, V^UIiUl.5 INVJll WJ »,,%|>»MV II IV .w ».ii%. -W1. •>'.«»...'..* I - - - - . Ill At

U'liiiai; L'lu-aiiiiif., iii.a Uis raiLtr, UuuU il».» lui lomciiinci ocufitwU ili« caifyirg 'I'f "' ^^ »'" """ ""^ '"'F"''' *'•''•'">•

prac-

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1! i '."i;

.1 iJ

!:■ i

640

praAicablc \ and Shall ///'*<« on the very Point of mak-
ing a general Storm. The ConduCl ot this Officer was
very fcrviccable to iIk I'.mpcror, tliough not .igrecablu to
his Orders, for it ijavc Mobmi»cJKLtn an Opportunity of
drawing together tuch a Force as put a Stoo to th. Pro-
grefs of the Per/ian Arms, and prevented Shah .ihias
from profcaiting the Dcfigii he hod lornicd of making an
Irruption into Indoftan.

1 his Misfortune was quickly followed by a greater •, tlie
l^mperor had given Ordeib lor tronfporting t!ie I're.U'urcs
of the Empire from ilgra to Luhn; and .lj\iph-Ki>,tn was
dJreftcd to fee this jx'rlormed, ot wiiich In- imnudiately
gave Notice to his Son-in-law, Sultan Cboircni, and ad-
vifcd him to march with an Army and iHze tlieni on
the Road •, and he acconlingly put lumltif ai the 1 Kail ot
fixty thoufand Men for thai l\ir|K)fc. The Ddign, liuw-
cver, was prevented by the Fidelity of the Ofliter, who
had the Cuftcxly ot thole Trcaluris and wlio ahlolutrly
rtliilid to deliver them to Jfapb-Kban, tiiough Jic pro-
diicctl the Eniptror's Order. Sultan Lborrcm not melt-
ing with them wyion the Roai", prcxteded to J^r,; 1 and
though he was not able to take the Citadel, piundereil the
City, .md then aturnid into his ownFrovintco!Dr«*,witli
an inmienlc lkK)ty. The t niperor, inaiifed at this out-
ragtiius Ad nt Pilloyaity, altembled all his Forces, and
marcheil in Fcrlon ai^.iinlt this unnatur.il Son. I'he Ar-
mies met in the NcighNnirhood ot the City ot Dttht
when- an ubiliiutc F.iig.i<c'enur.t tnlued, in N^iiicii, how-
ivcr, thr l.mperor w-is at talk victorious, and Sultan
CAfirroH) was obliged to retire into the Mountain-). 'Flic
young Sult.in Behjut was lent by his Grandtatlitr to lay
Siege to the City of Jmadi-iat, wtiich was the CajvitI of his
r:bcllious Son's I'n.virKc. 1 hi^ h; perfornud with all
the Zral, anl all the Fxixiiition that could Ix: r.xj)cdUd,
in.-uie himftlf MallcT or liie Flacc in a few l)..ys alter tir
appeared Utorc it, lii/til all the TiuUvirts that were laid
up theriin, broke to Fieces the Throne of Gold the Sul-
tan h.id i reeled tlu rt , ami didrilnitrd the Diamonds with
which it wa<; aiiorned, amongit his Officers. Fliis Vic-
tory h;:d, in .ill i*rob.ihilit)', put an Fnd to the War, it
one ot the F.mp'ror's Cjencrals, whole Name w.is Abdul-
Khan, h.id not gone <>v(r to the F.irty oi Sultan Cbcrrom,
which gave him Iriili n<ip<?,and enal)led him, once more,
to take the Frld, though widi a fmall Army, with which he
rttirtvi Ivhiiul the Kivcr AwdLi, and hxed his hc.id Quar-
ters at Brampaur. While he was in this Poll, and endea-
vouring to rtrruit his Fortes, very high Difputcs arofe
l^etwetn his old Minirter Kanna, and his new 1-avouritc
Mdul-Kbati, which, by nigrtcs, grew 10 fuch a Height
that the former tlelerted his Intcreii, .aid inoiic his I'cace
with the F'mperor. To do this the more cffcrtually, he
informed Sultan Per sis and McLammtd-Klan of the di-
llrelTed Situation ot Sultan Chernm's Affairs, adviling
ttirm to pal's the Kivcr immediately, ;uid lecurc his Pcr-
lon. But .^/'dulKtan, fufiecling tJiat he would give
this Advice, advifed his M.'.lltr to retire into the Domini-
ons of Amrfr Ma/ee, an Iiidmn I'rin'e, who was his
Friend ■, by which he ekapeii his total Ruin: Aid, on
on the othtr hand, Mohammtd-Kban believing that Ktnna
had deceived him, trcitcd them but very indiftercntly.
By this Time tiowever the b.mprcfi began to appre-
hend that Mubdmmed-Kbcn intcndal to put Sultan Parjij
the Throne, in which Die v..is confirmed by the gre.it
Vi(ftory gained over the SiJtan Ci'orrm at yilaiajfen, one
of the moft famous Hattk-s that w,is ever fought in tlic
liidifs ; Ihe th( re !ore determined to ruin th.ii great Minifter,
in the Opinion ot a M.ilUr who owal his Life and Crown
to his Fidelity.

!t was with thisN'iew that (he tent for the Traitor Kunna
to Court, wlKite l-.loqticmc, allilled by the Influence of
the Sult.ma, drc w ovtr the old I'.MUH-ror to tlieir pernicious
(>t)ini(>n, .ind induced iiitn to fi nd .in Order to jV/ojfcdww^i-
KhanU) < omc toC'ourt immediately, without .my Attendance.
I le w;l>. too wile .1 M.ui not to I'.il' crn uj on what Motives

7he HISrORT of the

'ji^ok I.

tliis Order was founded, and theMore m.idc nngrratn.il
to obey it \ but he w.« mucli more prrplexeil, wh n h*^
difcuvercd that Sultan Parvis w.is t-ot at all ili'liijcif \ ^
his Difgrace, but rather KH.keil upon it as a I'jrec of i>,v i
Fortune, which left him an Army rutin |y at Im P fmia
Mobammcd-KbAH then law that Loyally and Prohi-y wcm
Virtues quite unnecetTary to MinilhTs uivk- an alili.lnti;
Government, and that in the Siiuatioii he i1,mi,)| |(,yj,
nccelTary to pruftile the fartir bold Mraliire wlinh'i, • had
once liefore taken with lb nuieh Suc^H, ||c hail In-
formation, that the Court was rcinuving liom . ''-hi to C>
/W, and that the Bulk of tlie Army r,<'"fr,il!y'n)i)Val «
fomc Kftance before it. He an'nnhird tlhrcforc wtii
great Secrecy and Dilif.'nn-, by tlu- Aliiibinrc ullbme oH
Officers devoted to his SVivice, live tlioulaml Rutpetn,,
of determined Coui.if.i', with whom he wa!(.h ij the Fm-
peror's Motions, and underHaniliivj, t'lat tlie ,\>niy lu,l
pafied the River A'.'.W', in the Grey ol the Murninu, hf
inverted the Camp of 'JA>,tn^uirt belore Suiuii;, .ind a!^
moft without Bloodflu il, liiured I Imi, the F.mpiN, Sultan
Belaqiii, Sultan Sberi>ir, and Ins two niortil Fivinics^ jjfi^
Khan and Kamta, wim h was perli.ips one ol the bold-
ell Adions ever |>erloiiiied in the /«,/(,/.

The Ufc this Miniller m.ide rl it was llirprizlivly g-.
ncruusi he told the I'.mpeior, i\ lixm as he Uw hnn,
that he dill not come to iiiakt him a I'nhincr, Int to ft
him at full LiUriy, and leave it in In . I'ewcr to rUr
whom he pleated en the Throne ali r Ins Occeafr. .\\
tor the two Princes, he liiit iliein I'lijonei; to the Citadel
of ./^rj, and after having det«imd tir- Mmiltm, ImV.k-
mies, for fomc 'I'imc in I iil!oi!y, lie li t tiicin at l.iUriy,
having tirft fworn K.mn.i on iIk Mioraii, not to l)f,ir .Armi
againft him, which (Xiih h.- kcj^t in a very nuniiiiml
Manner I for the l''mpi<|s h.iv,ii|', hy |i>r Intrigues trail-
ed the F.miH-ror's Army, he put hiinlell at the Head of
it, with a View to have dipiiv,<i of l.iherty and Lift
that great Man from whom he had jtift r.cuveJ bothi
but Mobinnmed h.id tliiidy Notice of llic Dclign, and
made his Fli:apc, lie ti»on altrr law himlclf in wortc
Circumtlanccs than ever \ for ilir Troops at .-^ni let the tiru
Princes at l.ilxrty. Sultan Cborrcm tool; tiic Field with
a freth Army, and Sultan P,irxit, who was jiill rrcoi;u::d
to him, died of a Dileafe, ) lis .AlVairs apix-ared iiowfo
deljx'rate, that Ins .Son defertctl liiiii, and tonk I'lrt with
the Court. In this Diltids thf oi.l M.m prefcrvcrt m)-
thing but his Loyalty, and his Spirit', rctirini:, lor th;
lake of immediate Sal< ty, to Rajah A'.iw.i, a powcriul In-
dian Prince, and yet hi Inni Ir, aiul lo Ki.l a Politician,
that he received In. old I iiend covered with Mist(;rti.,;fs,
and in all ApjKauniv without Ucfaitrr, with as much
Affeftion as when the lltll Man v\ tlic r.mpire, and at
the Mead of its Armies ani Council'., Ihe tirll th„'ig
Mcbammed ihouiihl df in his Ritnat, w.is his rr(lor:ng
the public k Peace, ^.n^ tiuiiin;', the Qinec of his Mallrr
as long as he livcil, which was .ill the RiViiiijc he took
for the repeated Iniurics he had nciivi:d.

It was with this View, iliai lip wrote to .Sultan Ci.rr.-i,
and oflFereil hini his S.ivice, nor to at't .if.aiiiil his Lulier,
but to fecurc the Ciown to him iiftcr I. is Deceale. ihat
I'rincc had married the n.iughtti, aiul was entirely unJtr
the Intliitnce of .Ijapb, the avowed l-nrmy of Mobm-
mfd, to whom he I'evealcd the I'mpolltion ni.idc him, .in.l
alked his Advice ; He coniuird Ins Son to accept the Ot-
ter i you tanmil, laid he, havu a U Iter Gtncral, or a
more faithful .Scivant, Thus, m an Inilant, the whole
Face of AlVairs wai again changed i M'.'.:i:iti:«l ncomleA
the Emjxrror to his .So-, paiilinl all the 'rumbles ot tW
l-lmpire, and jnit it in the Powir of Jduitpire to fpond
the Remainder of his Days in Peace, Ihat Monarch
was now grown old and inlirin, an.l theretore ilcfired to
enjoy his 1-jle in the plealant ai;d wliollmie Country ot
CMcbnnire, wliither he rt tiled, lut had not coiumuiil thrr:
long, iK-fore he found hunlell tioul'led with an .M'.finu.
'I'hc Impatience natural to Ap.e and SicknUs ma.lcn'^

s There ire m.iny t. iKumnancc-. of iliij Prircr'i | riv,ite Life that vtxy wrll defrrvc to I* rreo.iltd, il wr wrtr pitirul Ixjlli m |oinl nf 1 M

•rd K«)m ; tiA ilicfc Jie knonn >• iih the grcairt ( tttji.,iy, Ixtaufe he siroie himlelf ^ 1 lealiir, enMlulrJ, <'«!,«/ ,'. ,17: ..n, ur, llic Ciii"""
ia:ir t( J,>in,u>t, d.r ihe firii ihirieeii Vcur, o( hi, Kcn;n, vtx. from ihe .|« of OMii lfx>^ 10 ifoH. In lliiff ,uc lunii'i'tJ .■\lwwlsi:^c '
Tf rv iiifiuu- .inltj:„iii .'iionti , tor he v.m hi,ui to ililguiic lijmfelf 111 aii Lvcuing, in order W JO anil dnnk Willi Inf I i.idch"<" "' '^i'-' ■"' '

tomjr.oi. I'lmii lloalc. i;.J kep a ve.y csa.t ' ccjUM wl liu Adiemuic.

Chap. II.

Mogul E m im r t.

64!

long once more to change the Place of his RefKlencc, and
accordingly he ftt out for Labor, and in liis Way thither
died itJiimicr on the 27th ot OMer, in the Year of
tk Htsir" 10 j«, ^- -D. 1627, having reigned twenty-
two Years and fix Days, and hved rilty-cightYears, one
Month and twenty-nine Dayi.

He was much regretted by his Subje<!ls over whom he
reigned with mucli Jullicc, and witli wliom he lived in a
manner \'o familiar, that they loved him as a Father and
a Friend, as nuith as they nfjiciikd him as a Prince,
lie was far from wanting great (ji^ialities, or good ones i
the I'lafnicfs of liij Ti-mp< r was his greateft Fault.

The Ui-ath of the Knuxror revived the Commotions in
the F.mpirc, and raifcd them much higher than ever, as
the Time was now come, whin the PolTefllon of the
Crown was the only thing that could give any of the
Princes a fccure Title to his I ale. 'I'herc were immedi-
ately three Parties formed, and in the Space of a very
few Days, two Emperors proclaimed. The firft of thcle
WIS Sbehriar, the deceafed Monarch's youngeft >Son by a
Concubine, then twenty-two Years of Age, whole Domi-
nions never extended fartlicr than the Palace, and who
owed the Shadow of Empire that attended him for a little
while, to the Influence of Noitr-JebaH, whofe Daughter,
by her tirft Hulband, he had efjwufod. Sultan Bolaqui,
the Grandfon of the late Emperor, and the true Heir of
the Crown, was proclaimed by the Army, and foon after
acknowledged by the City of /f^ra, by which Means the
Emprefs and her Son-in-law fill into his Hands •, he im-
jirifoncd them both, and to fecurc himfelf more cffeftu-
ally, put out the Eyes of the latter •, fo that his Empire
cndcJ ainioft as foon as it began, and indeed, lie was in
every reljicd fo weak a Prince, that his Mother-in-law
had no great Hopes of him, notwithftanding all the Arts
ihc hail praftiied in his Favour. The Conteft fecmcd
row in a Manner over, and Sultan Bolaqui thought himfelf
fo fcciire of the Empire, that he took little or no Pains to
ingratiate himfelf with the principal Omrahs, or to pro-
nire the Affcftions of the IVopIc, which are always a
Monarch's firmeft Support. /Ifafb and Mohammed, not-
withftanding, had their Eyes ujxjn Sultan Cherrom, but
the Treafure and Forces of the Empire being in the
Power of Solaqui, they did not yet think it a proper Time
to declare themfclves.

5o/<;j«i refolving to found his Uncle's Intentions, fent
to demand a Tribute, and 1 loiuage, for the Kingdom of
Dccaii, and the other Dominions he held of the Empire.
The Omrah, who was difpatched to Sultan Cborrom on
this Occafion, was acquainted, that lie was in h ill a
State of Health, that he could not polTibly tranfadl any
Bufmers; the Omrah flill pcrfillcd to fee him, which,
with fome Difficulty, he was at length permitted to do,
and found the Sultan in a very weak, languifning Condi-
tion, as he apprehended, and vomiting Blood in fuch
Quar.tities, that he did not think it pollible he could live
many Days. The Omrah thereupon immediately dif-
patched a Courier to /Igra with the News, which he
knew would be very acceptable to the Court. But this III-
ntfs It fecms was all counterfeit, and the Blood he fecmcd
to vomit, was only the Blood of a Kid he held in his
Mouth : However, the Dcfign was (till carried on, Sultan
Chirrcm difappeared on a fuddcn, and it was not only gi-
ven out, that he was dead, but his whole Court went into
Miiurning for him.

The crafty Alobammed alfo prevailed with the Omrah
«lio came from Bolaqui, to write to his Mafler, to obtain
Leave lor the burying the Sultan in the royal Sepulchre at
^rr, which was readily granted ; and upon the return of
the Courier, a pompous luncral Procefllon begun, agreea-
ble to the (^lality ot fo great a Prince. Mohammed-Kban,
« ihr Head of a thoiiland Officers of the deceafed, at-
ttnlfil the Hearle, and Sultan Cborrom himfelf followed
in Dn;^;uilf. Siveral Bodies of t\\e Rajpoots, or Rajh-
i»«j, Allies of Sukan Cborrom, fell in witii the Pro-

ceflion, upni) the Uoa.!, under Pretence of paying tlicir
m Duties t') the deceafed. ^ifjpb Kbaa, who had not de-
clared liimlllf, but remained of Bolaqui's Council in A'gra^
treaclieiouily advilld the young Emperor to meet his Un-
cle's C()i|)s, as tiuy drew near yigra, who thereupon
niarche.l out with an ordinary Guard, and fuch an Exjui-
page as was fuitable t;) the Occalion. He was furprized
to fee fo numcroiis a Body of Troops attending the Hearfe,
and fufpedUng he was betray'd, turned fliort on a fuddcn,
and made his ElcapCi never attempting to recover /Igta i
and, indeed, he did not flop till ho found himfelf in the
Per/tan Dominions, He looked upon the Infedion to be
uniycrfal, and very well knew, that the Confequencc of
falling into his Enemies Hands, was Death, or the Lof*
of his Eyes at leall '. This Tranfadion fhews, that the
Statefmcn of the Eaft arc as able, and as refined Politici-
ans as the Italians themfelves, and within a Tritie as
wicked too. But let that pafs and let us fee how the Af-
fair was conducted after this Flight of tlic fecond Empe-
ror, who reigned only a few Months.

10. Sultan Cborrom having thrown off his Difguife»
mounted the Carriage which was ftippofed to contain his
Body, and which when rtrip|)ed of its funeral Ornaments,
appeared to be a triuinphal Car, in which he entered the
City of Agra in Splenaor, wiiere he was received with
the loud Acclamations of the People, who began to be
afraid of the bloody Difpofition Ihewn in fo Ihort a Space
by his immediate Prcdecellbr. The fiill thing he didj
was to enquire for Sbebriar, and the rell of the Princes of
the Blood, and being informed, that they were ail kept
Prifoners in one of the Apartments of the Palace, lie in*
(lantly gave Orders that the tJates of it fhould be walled
up, and there left a Brother and three Nephews to pcrifh
for want of SufteniUice. This Piece of Cracity was the
more extraordinary, becaufe he had but the Moment be-
fore, and out of the very next Apartment, delivered his
own three Sons, who being at Court with their Aunt the
Emprefs, Ncur-jfcban, had been iinprifoned ever fince the
Old Emperor's Death. Whether tins Aft of Severity dif-
plealed the old Miniflcr Alobmmed-Kban, or whetlier he
was grown fo weary of Courts, as to wiih he might breath
his laft in a better Air, is uncertain 1 but to it was, that
as foon as this great Revolution was over, lie demanded
Leave to retire, which was with fome Dilliculty granted
him, and he pafled the Remainder of his Days in an ho-
nourable Retreat in Peace and Quiet.

The Subjefts of this F.mpirc had now all the Reafon in
the World to hope fur an happy Adminiftrarion ; the Prince
was in the Flower of his Age, drawing towards his thirty-
fixth Year, one who had llicwn a martial Difpofition,
great Intrepidity, and a Soul not to be broken by the
FVowns of Fortune. He alTumcd with the Imperial Diadem ',
a new Name, and caufed himlelf to be called thenceforward;
Sbababo' din Mchai'imed Sbah Jchan, i.e. 7be bright Stary
Mohammed King of the fVcrld ; but our European Hiilo-
rians generally c;i!l him by the laft Part of this long
Name, viz. Sbab Jebnn, and therefore it is by that wc
Ihall mention him in the enfuing Account of his Reign.
The Dominions he poflelTcd were larger in Extent, and
produced much cjrcaier Revenues than many of his Prede-
cefTors had cnioycd ; for all the vaft Extent of Countries
between the Principality of Kandahar to the River Indus^
owned him for their Monarch i neither was it barely an
Acknowledgment of his Superiority, but they were con-
tent likewife to pay him large Tributes, the Quantities of
which, as well as tlic Title thereto, was now, through
Length of Time, eftciftually cltablifhed.

Yet lie had flill fome Difficulties to flruggle with, not-
withftanding this fair outfide of his Circuinltances. The
Rajahs, however fubmifTive they might be, were little to
be "depended on, tho' Subjects they were I'linccs, and had
Dominions of their own, no way defjiicable cither for
their Size or their Situation. In order to underftand this
Matter clearly, it is necelTary to obferve, that all the liac

♦'I'; li.cl m.irri»J lur Nifcr. ;ii'.d v,~i thrul)/ Son-in l;iw la Jfafb-Khun kr liiother.
^^ •"'. XI ,1V.

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<^42

r^r HlsrORT of the

Book I.

rwiniry within ilic BoumU hfforc-mcntionfil, was cntin -
1y and abfoltitrly iimier thf Dommion of the ( irt-at Mogul.
But in thf Heart of thcle Territories were many little I'rin-
ripaiities well boiimlrd ly F-oreHs aTu) Mountains, fo that
the native Inhabitants iliough no great SoKliers, were ve-
ry al)lc to detci'il thcnilclvts againll a I'rincc who was
obii^vd to truft a mcnenary Army, coniiiolcil of ditVerent
Nations and whole natural Subji-fts the Moguls, were
in a manner worn out.

In tlic next Place, Difference in Religion was another
Caulc of Wftrartion and Pifquict. The cftablilhed Faith
wa; M->h.imm<difm^ yet the Raiihs and the gnatcrt Part
of the I'copli-, were of the M Indian Religion, and there
wcie liclules, a large Mixture of Chrirtian.s and Ptrfcti.
The Diliicuitics that this rreatid were fo many, and fo
intolcrabli-, that the two latl Iniperors were imlincil to
have invtiitcJ a new Religion, whicli might have recon-
ciled the Miiidj ot all ihiir SubjicK i but in this, as in-
deed it was no gnat wonder, they failed ; but what admi-
nilUird the pitjtell Caufc of Uifturbantc was, the Cuf-
torn introduced in the Court of tiie Mogul, ol fending the
young Prinas of the Kmpirc to govern fevcral Provinces
of it, which g.ive tlicm a i labit of comman.ling, fo that
it was difficult, if not imjxinible, to teach them to obey,
even a Parent, as well as a Prince, and yet this was a
Culfom, that it wxs not either cafy, or ii'iv to break
through ■, for on the one i land it was a thing ver)- urmatural
for a lather to nwke his Sons Prifoners in his own I'alace,
and on the other, it was no kfs difficult to prevent their
forming I'ai^ioni, if they were allowed fueh Labertits as
were fuitahic to their Birth.

The Emperor knew this by Experience in the Reign of
his Father, and had conft (]ucntly much Keafmi to fear the
like under his own Reign, having four Priiuis grown up
to Mens Ellate, and all s'ery capable of pretending to the
Crown. The eldell of thefe. Sultan Data Sbekoiib, that
is, in Ptmp like Dr.rius, the fecond Sultan Sujab, that is
full of yalokr, who was a Year younger than Ihr/i, the
third Sultan .lurin^zehf, or as we uliially write it, /tu-
rngzel't, that is, tbt Ornament cf ibe Ttrene ; his fourth
Son was Sultan Morad Buki>Jb, that is, ibe liiljillir of Dc-
fins i he had likewife three Daughters by his Sultanas
whofe Names it will be necelTary to mention, Ixrcaufe,
contrary to the ui'iial Cuftom, they had a p.reat Influence
over their Father, and by that Means a confiderable
Share m the .Vcitninifliation. The eldcft ot thcl'c, and
indeed of all his Children, was Jd\in /Ira begum, tlut
is, tbe Orniiment cf the World; ihe was htr Father's
greatert Favourite, and entinly in the Intficll of her Bro
iher. Sultan Dara. The next w.is Rojhnras, or Roxaua
Btgum, that is tic IVinctls cf enligbuned Mtnd. This
Lady had great Parts a"d wonderful Adilrels, which
(he employed to favour the Dcfigns of her Brut her Au-
rtngzebt. The ihini was Suria lijtiu Brgum ; that is, the
Jhining, or, bright Primefs, ot an eafy and gentle Tem-
per, who diverted herfrlf witli innocent Amufemcnts,
and had little oi no Share in thofe Intrigues, which occa-
fioned fo many Oifturbances in the l.mpire'. He had
bcfkles fevcral other Princes and 1'rinceflt.s by his Concu-
bines, the Names of wliieh, as they arc not neccirary to
our PiiriH)fe, wc fhall oaiit.

In regard to his Neighbours, this tlmpcror had not
much to fear. The Kingtiom of Pajij was at that Time
governetl by a weak .and very inadive I'rincc, not capa-
ble of giving hnn any I'm-alinil's ur Diilurlunce. The
Tarlari were much altered trom what they wne, and bc-
fides, their Stiin;.;th was to much exhaiilled, that he had
nothing to apjirehcnd from them. Tlie Indian Nations
in the South ot his Tcrritoties Were, generally fpeaking,
peaceable and piifillaniinous People. The Ptrtugueze
were the only Nation with whom he was like to have any

Qiiarrel, and that not from any r)ll1i;rl;ai-,ce tli-vcjv
him or his Sub|Ci'ls, but fioin a nat ;ral Avcrlion j-n- .
to them, which arult Itom ihtlercnt Minivis. He liu! i"
licitrd their AlVillance wlun he w.i.s m Armsauainii h'
Father, anil w.is not only refnlc.l it, h.t rfpnuchni 'r^
having deliied it u,",ainll his P.iruit and hu I'i'n,, "
Thing he could nor eitlicr torgct or U<r\\wc. I lis [. „,.,! ,'
alio was a bitter I'.m my of the Poyli,f:ih.;; on the (cnfc „'
their Religion. She was the Nme of thi. old Frnprcfs 4n J
th'. Dauirliter of Jfifib-Kt.m -, her N.inic wai7j(..,. {/,,■,.
that i«, i'.-f Crown <■} ih Semglit, a W,,niaii ot a vmKiu
Spit It, and yet ot li) nuuh Air, tli.it Ihe ''ntirtlygai-Kj the
AtfeClion of her llutluin!, ai.d is laid tu luvt i.ut ||,n,
ujxjn this War.

When It was once rcfolved on, he i, nt his Tct.-iI
Ccjfam Kban with a Botly ol Forces, in onier to nial.r hiiii-
felf Mailer of Ougli, a Place near the Mouth ol the r'.
ver Gangij, where the Poriuguezs had a Ciarrilijn of iixor
fev«n hundred Men, who were all taken Prilonf??,, (,£.
caufe it fo hap|x:ncd, that the Place was invcftci!, jnhat
Scafon of the Year, when the Waters of the G'..'»rfj »cfc
fo low that they were not able to make ufe of Boats ; for
otherwite they might have efcatjcd very rafiiy. 1 ncy'wtrg
moft of them conduilrd to /tfrrt, where thty were treat-
ed with great Severity » many ol thim oWiged to turn
Mobammedaiu, while fome chofi; ratlur to (illTtr Dcith
and thereby obtainc<l the Reputation of Martyrs, Soin'
Pricfts and Jcfuit.s that were taken here h.-.J, after a '1 m-
their Liberty given tJiem, and were iuirfied to return tj
the Portuguezi Colonies. It was wry hajipy for thir,!
that the Kmprrfs Tdagt M.ibl was dci.! before the War
ended •, for, otherwife they had, undotibtciliy, ail fuft'mi:.
She was rcgrcttcil by none but the Finpeior himfclt, who,
in a great meafurc.owcd his Crown to her Am, and to htr
Intcreft.

He built, to peq)ctuate her ^TcmlJry, a roblc T«r.-,
at the Lsxpence ot alxjuc fixty l..;i( ks of Hupcts, ■ r
7^0,000 Pounds St'-rlinfj. After t!ie Ciole of thu \V-,
and of her De.ith, Shah J wan eli,;n5;cd his Mjnncr o!
living entirely, and gave no tattlur Signs ef a rrart:J
Dillxjfition. His Father had bem |).utiiul3ily tomU!
Ijiber, as his Grandiailicr had iK-en of s-lgrj. Thii
Prince chofe rather the City of Dfhly for his f-labitatun ;
and not far from jt he ercCleil a very line Cartlc for hi>cwi
Reruleiice, built at a vail Fxiieiuc, and adorned it w;;.-,
two very magnificent Ciarden--, laii! out by a /Vw,;.t«,whu
wa.s extremely iViltul in his Profellion. He was li) i".-
lighted with this Place, and with the Iniprdvemfnts he
had in.ade, that he allWled to call it St.ujil.\mi!\i!, i i .
ibe l>wflliitgf litre tf Sl<al> feban \ The enian'.ing a:;l
beautifying, the laying out and jxopJiiiN this Liiy, fin-
ployed him for fcveral Years and, by Degrees, i^avehai
fuch a Turn for biiilding, planting, and liu h like Plfaliir.-.
that he Ijxrnt his wliole 1 imc in them an, I in th; IVIit; .i>
of his Seraglio, for fie was txtcnivriy ad(ft!lal to Wo-
men, and that in a Manm r li arec known to ai.;, if li i
Predccellbrs ■, fur not content with a vail Number oi la-
dies, and tfiofc the mofl beautiful the F..;ll could aflVinl a
liis own Seraglio, lie fell todcknichin;; the Wives cf .'■.;i
princijal Omrahj, jurticularly thole of fa^er-KLin aiiJ
Kalil-Kban, which were attended with fatal Confetiiicmcs.
By ilegrecs, he formed his lleafures into a kind ot Sy-
ftcm, and every fort of Divcrfion had its proper Sralon,
and the Mealurc of its F.xjxincc fettltd. In this voltp-
tuous Manner of living he l))ent upwards ot twenty Yar5,
and then the I leat of his Pa/Tions alwting, and the Vi^u'.r
of his Conftitution being worn out, he grew, from king
the mort expenfive and profufe, the narroweft and molt
miferly Prince in the World. To gratify this unkmsly
Thirll of Money, he altaed the whole Courle ot r.s
Proceed.ings ; and luving caulcd two large Vaults c;

' It «ill be MCtdary lo fc-t liown here il-.r Age of thrfr Princfi ami Prircfflei, to whicfc the f -Ifr mny hive rerourfr. fnr ilic ''"",'' ''"-"■'f'',
ing what ii (iid of thtm. It mry mk lir »mif» lo obfcrvc, thai thtfc were all int Son* .ind Dau; uti of the .Sultana ninilionnl in ihf I"'. »•
Name uai origir.a;:;, .-lijumurj Haxn %^ ; that v,, il, m ;i ,etk Pn„r,i ] ihan /ra Btium <mi bom in ihe V«nr i(.i4, .Sulun Utrtia it';.
Sultan Sn/ah i6i^, A'c'/"r«; Brfum in il,\~, .Sultnn /tuunirih in I'liW, Syria Bumm /?<j«i» in I'.jj, and Sultan MtraJ'm i6j+- _

" I follow, in the lett. the Obfen-it:om made by mher Hi/lotianv at to the Vanity of thrfe Printc;., in Biving their own N'^"""'". '"?,', ,
«heyet«««l i but, I mull, for my oi»-n put. obferve. that \ think ttrt- I .i« i<. in itftlf. i litt'e doubtful ; and Tarn rather inclined to think, tia-^
the Pfoplc their.kiie' lh»t pive liwfc Name- 1.) iheCiiie, in order todilhnguidi which urrc (he Capital, of il.f I nip ic iii.jcr tiic i<c'i;" "' I"""'
Monaici^ , a;id 1 am H'litiinicd in th i, by oburmig thji :licfc Nunei are IliU in ufe, at leall in .iU the Couit- Writiuji'.

,.,,g,:

Chap If.

^' M o c; II r, K m p Vk ){,

^43

Ctl!a";t() lie "wil«-' iimlir liis I'alacf, in one of which Iir
kfit his < iol'li a"'l in •'"•■ otf^'i" hi'' Silver, cad into fuch
lari;cIr{;t:tsas<ouiil not be calily rcniovtil or inilH7.(li.il k
amUiM t'nat I'lcafure of liis Life wa';to vifit thtlt Mrcrji.
ucifs of his Kichcs.and ti'.-light his Kycs with |vi/iiii;u|)'ia
iIkhi. Thi' finglc Viccof Covrtourneftabforbf;! iukI fwnl-
luwd up all the rtll of his Dcfircs infonnith that tlioii(/,h
in till- firlb Years of his Kcign he luii particiil.iily iiinuaj
liimfulf upon (loinpi ftriifl Jullicc to his Sul'jrfh, yet now
he gavf tiicm up to be plundcreil by all the (Jovcrnors of
Tfovmcts anil other great Omrahs •, anil when hf found

once port". fT'i! of the KiJifi of CoLciiiin, he Himilcl bill,
(air lor ctn' I'uipiiv of linh/tan j hi- niarfhtd thtrcfbre,
wirlumi D.lay, unit joincil the trfathfroiis Mitza Mula
with hii Aiiiiy, The Kini; ol CchoHj.i lifraipon ntiral,
in tlif urnioll Contlinuiion, from his Capital of Z?rt^'«^^/(r,
anil (liut hinifilf up in tlii: Fortrils ot Co/coitda, which
lUniK about three Miles hoin it. The Confederates plun-
ilired Bognngur, and altei wards inverted the Fortn is, of
wlui h /Iiiriiij<z4t fent Advice to the limperor. Sultan
Diira was alarmed at the Proi^refs of Aurcngzebt'i Arms,
-_ , , , niul rrj)rcfented to the Shah ycitrt/;, that if hii Brother was

iky were grown cxceirivcly rich by hicli I'raillirrs he onic Mafter of the Diamond- Mines, his .icxt Attempt
tiirncil the Wge of his Refentment fudiieniy upon them •, winilil Ik- iiiliillibly againll the Crown \ wheupon Orders
.inJ, iiinler a Colour of punifhing th:ir OppreOions, put were immediately difpatthed to AunngziU to dL-fill from
thm to death, and leizcd their KfTcft-,. the F.ntcrprize, and retire to his Government of Dccan,

His tiir-e Sons he fent to govern th" mod iliUnnt Pro- As Things were not yet iipc for the Execution of his great
vinccs of his Kmpirc, and kept only tlir cldill Sultan Defign, Mrtngzcbe obeyed the Orders of the Court, and
Buns, to fliarc with him the Cares ol C;overnmenf, and concluded a Treaty with the King of Gokonda -, the prin-
tok the nearer that Throne which \\:- \\.v. one Oay i<> cipal Articles whereof were, that the Mogul fiiouU be rc-
piirds. Sultan Sujahv/M made Viceroy of Rmj^nl i his imburli!il his Charges in the War ; that the Kind's Dauglv

youngift Son Morad, was crtablilhed in (liiznal i,
and Orait^z-'be was Viceroy of Decan j all of them wert
oblii;al to pay their Tribute exa(?^ly i and for their SiiMill-
ancc in a manner that became their Rank, were com-
plld to have Rccourfe to the fame unjiirt Nltaiuns which
otlicr Governors praftilcd. It w;is this, .mil the carnell
Ddiirot obtaining I'oncinon of the Dianiond-Mims that
put the lall-mentioned Prince upon attacking the king of
Co'.midd, a very unjiift War in itfeil, but \\> remarkable
lor the llTiie ol' it, and for the Confeiiurm es attending it,
tlut it is necelTary we Ihould enter into a mure particular
Account of it. It took Rife therefore in the following
Manner } Mirza Mula, a Perfon who canv into India in

ter (lioiild be given in Marriage to the Prince Mohammed,
/lurtngztbiS cidell Son, who fliould fuccced to the Crown
ol Golttinda, after the Dcmife oi' his Majcfty, and that
Mirzit Mula imd his Family fliould be at J.iberty to re-
tire, with their EnVits, out of the Kingdom, Thu-; was
Golconda delivered from tlir; Danger tlut threatened it ac
this 'I'inie. Hut /thrtiigztbt had' fuch a Talte of the
Riches that Country afiVirded, that he fully dcttrniined to
make it a Province of the Lmpire, if ever he fucccedcd
to the Crown.

yturtiigzl'i; fimling lii> Frteml Mirza wanted neither

Courage nor Conduit, and that he had a confirmed Aver-

lion to his Hiotlicr, the Sultan D,;r.7, and above all, that he

tlij Service of a Merclunt, ent-ring afterwards into that was Villain enough to exit iitc whatever he Ihould com-

ol the Mogul, Wiis advanced, by degrees, to the moll
omfidcrablc Commands in the Army •, but, finding him-
ith flighted by Sulun Dara, he went over to the King
ot Golconda, who gave liim a Poll in the Treafury, and
the Direction of the Tndc of his Country •, in which Km-
ploynicnt Mirza A/tf/a having amaffed together confidera-
bk vSiim?, he endeavoured to dill ingui/h himfelf at Court
l-y a magnificent t'qiiipagc, and the Curiofiiirs he pur-

mand, without Itrmorfc, looked upon him as a proper In-
ilruiiiriit to piTimotc the ambitious Defigns he li;ul in
View > he took him thcrolore into his molt intimate Con-
lldcni c, and made him (juieral of the Forces againll tlje
Kingdom of yi/i,ifoiir, while lie himfelf fjient his Time
in aimifing the Peoj>li: with extraordinary Shews of De-
votion, moft ex.ii^l Jullicc, and uncommon Benevolence to
the PiMir, whiili nndcred him exceeding popular. In the

ihaiid and prefentcd to his Majcfty and the Royal J''a- mean time the lunpcror .Shah Jihan was taken danger-

oiidy ill, and it was reported in Dihly, and even in the
remoteft Provinces of the F.mpire, that he was dead •,
will niipon the three youiigefl Sultan-:, his Sons, began
to make I'reparations in their refpcflive Provinces to pufli
lor the I'.mp'rr. .Sultan Sujab, or Chiiiit, Viceroy of
IkngttI, w;' !.(• firll that appeared in Arms, directing his
March iow..,'d D(h!y with an Army of forty t.'iouland
lloife. Whe.. he firll lit forward, it is laid, he laid his
I Und on iiisCymeter, crying cut, " Nov; for a Throne,
•' or for a Ciravc." He gave our, upon ilie Match, that
Sultan jy.in' hail poilonetl thr Emiieror, and that he was
going to rivenge his I'atlur's Death : But Shah Jcban re-
lovering from his Iiulifpulition, wrote his Son Word witb
his own 1 land, that he was now perfedlly in Health, and
that his Brother "Diira had not contributed to his late III-
nel's, and therefore lie would do well to return to his Go-
vernment of linig'il, and repair the Over-fight his L',xcefs
of /i al had itu'luccd him to commit, by a more cxaft
Obcdieiuc for the fiiture. But Sult.m Siijab receiviiig
other Letters from his Friends at the fame'l'ime, afluring
him that it was not likely that hLs Father fliould recover,
and tli.ii his Fortune depended on his appearing immedi-
ately l>el'orc Debh; the Sultan thought fit to continue his
March. Shah 7<''^'« thrt'i'P"" reTioved his Court to /^jr<J,
with a Body of Troops from cJrmUe, and that biing a Place of much greater Strcngh. Dara followed
II was fo confidcral^le in the P.d.ace itfelf, that he his Father's Court ; but iletached his Son Soliman Chacu,

and with him Rujah Jn/mg, and Vhil-Khan, two experi-
enced (ienerals and a gallant Army, to oppofe Sultan
iU(jan, whole Forces in all refpcds, were eafily defeated,
and the Sultan himfelf, with llime DiHiculry, efcaped to
Uiiigal, where he ciKleavourcd to rcciuic his Army.

mily i and amongfl the tell the King's Mother, the Dow
ar,a Queen, who was lb fmittcn with the (iailantry of the
I'i'fum, that Die denied him no Favours i whicli the King
haviiig an Intimation of, without taking any farther No-
tiic of her Majelly's irregular Paftioii, font Mirza Mula
oe: ot the Way, to the Ciovcrnm'Jiit of Carnatf, in which
Win- the famous Diamond-Mines. Here he took Care to
Ijv I7 the moll curious Stones for his own I Me •, and one
among the reft he happened on, (i) large a:ul fine, that it
wa-s not to be mauhMl m the Indi'-.t, either for its Size
or LulUe, whic)i he afterwards piiltntsd to .hircn^z:hi'.
Mini Mula was not coniented with what he found in tli"
iVliiiis, but he forced the i'( ; le inider his I'lnvi r to l)'lng
in their (jold and Jewels, under Pretence of the N.ed-
fitifs of the Government. He pkindercd the very Tem-
I'lis, and pulled off' the precious Stones with which the
liii-gis Were adorned \ of which the King o!" :<ilcomla be-
11.2 informed, determined to call Mirju Mtda to a fevere
i\c(. ,ui)t for his Rapine and Extortions ; but the good
"||J Queen Irt hr r F'nvouritc know the Dangers that
thruteiied him : Whereupon Mirza Mula iminiiliatcly
(iilpatched a Courier to Aurengzibe, whole Government
lay contiguous to Golconda, to let him know, that if he
W'uld nuirch with his Army into th.al Kingdom, he would
luin him
las Intere

mi[;ht depend upon an t afy Conquell i and to convince
'"111 oi the Advantage o! t!ie F.ntcrprir.e, made him a
I'nfcntof tJie Large Diamond al>ovc-mentioiKd *.

'!"!;:> was the mod .igrecablc Melfagc that Avtoi^zihi
i^uiM luve received i tor he did not doubt, that if he was

: jTOilnii, k) ihttiic.i'. Mogul, ct 3,;ii,i..j Touiids.

Ths

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B' ■■ ll!:i

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H'l.,

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I?- {.£■■

644

7/j^ H ISrO RT of the

Book I.

The CoiifuCoM in the Fmpirc ilul not rml Iwre. The iholc Dutifs. I If liad iioi;*i of Craft, jo,', dcf|*;ra! it too

two youngrr Soirt of the Kmixrnr wrrc alfu in Artiw, in much \ he was lo truly vutiK.ii>, ihjt l,r knew to:) littip

onler to ilifjHitr the Pi)irc(rum «>( thr I'.mprc witli Siilt«n of hid IVfigns to guard againn them j \v<S l,r ».,, f ',^

Aim. Ami now it was that the profound I'hflimulation d ant! fintere, that he m ver fufiKacil any Mjn of l>,iT.;!i..

.hirtngztbt pavfil the Way lor hi% nio«ntii>g the Finperial lation. 1 Ic h.ul a great Rcfptdl for tl.f M.ir,onjriis and

1 hrone, while he preteiulnl t<) aflift the Ambition of hii they, in return, ItaJ taken a great ilul t>l I'amj to \v\\i:.;,.

youngell Brother. The oUI Pretence was that of Reli- the WorKI that he wa» a Chtiftian in \\\\ J Iijit i .iml Zl\.
Sultan Dtffj, he (aul, was an Infuiil, Sultan 7«';'>*

a Herciick, and therefore the Crown ought to Ik le
curtii to Sulun Mor,iJ\ for, a.s to iiimfelf, the utmoft of
his IVfire w«i to fi>cnd the Remawuler of his Days near
t!»e Tomb of AftlammtJ in AcU of Mwtifiration and
Devotion, fkit to iTiew, that as much a Siiint m he was
he underftood the Affairs of this World as well as any of
them; he aflTembled a very numerous Army, tomiiofed
of veteran Trt)op that had betn employed in his fornvr
Wars extremely well provided with every thing neceirary,
with which he joined his Brother MoraJ, and his Troops
not far from Dehfy. ihe firfl Step he took wm, to jxr-
luade that Prince to afllim': the litle of l.mperor, in

the Knowledgr of this was one f're.it (..ml. i,t j.i, M, i^,
times, which, however, is lo lur Ironi lu;njj tiur, dm |
venture toalKirm, they llowid fmn) (.]ua: ai.iilcrcrt l(ji,r,-
tain. He had, indeed, lludied Religion nv^rc than b,
came a Printe, ami Irft Ix-hind Iwm .1 l\;l;iii(in)' dt it,
which plainly proves tin Tiuih (,t w|„it 1 I'.avc iiirnipd '
and yet not one of the Miirioii.iiies luv • iiKntiot^nl it, tor
Reafons that I cannot allijv'. In lliort, he unIvuI the' old
Sihemc ot Ins Anicllors, anil li.i.l a Miml lu bitonic ihe
Legiflator, as well as the Monatih ol the Indus. It vii%
with this View that he compol<d a Ur^o and karnid
Work, to prove that the Primi|)les of tin- old IhMmKc
ligion Were the lame with thole of Mohiimnuililin •, mj

sshieh Quality he received and ol>eyed his Orders, which, in Sup,)ort of this he colleded, with grejt I abour, all that

was worth colletling from the Works of the anricnt Brit-
miKs, and tomjiared iIkIc with the p;iirip.il l'airagcw,i"
tiie Khoran, to demcnIUatc that thele Kili-^ions wire no:
lo lar from each other as thole who j-rofdicd tlum illu-
mined, anil that there wanted nothing hit .1 little 'rcm\K;
and gootl Scnfc to bring tlM-m to a gooii Llndcrlbn^'iri;'.
This armed the B'igots againll him, as ih. Stca.liiuUi.:
hi'. Condiift, and his Contempt for the Arts uf a Coi.:;.
ruined him, with thofc who pl.icid their ilopts iUJ tl., :
Credit in liring well vcrlid in them.

Sultan SkjtiA was the very rtverfo of his nrotliL-.
cjtrcpt that he hat! a fine Pirlon, a luj'iiy C(inllitut;jn,
.uid great Par^, for he was a Hninird Cminiir, t.iJir
Uood the Art of hiiiguiiig jHiftdUy, and praiililnl it

however, were fuch as himfelf dictated in hii Council. Ai
loon as Sultan Dara was informed that the two B.otheri
had joined their Forces, he lint a 1 rum|)et with a Letter
Irom the Emperor, his Father, to each ot thtm, alluring
them that he was in prifeft Health, and commanding
them to retire and dilband the!/ T roops, on jiain of being
treated as Rebels. This furjirifed Sultan Mtrad excec-
mgly, and he would willingly have attoned lor his lirll
Otienr e, by yielding the Kmjvror, his Father, immediate
Obedience : But Aureng^ztbe prevent-.d his Return to his
Duty, by fuggefting that Olnrdience now came too late •,
that though the i .mperor might l>e latislied Suluii Dnra
would be revenged, u-nd tliat to liparatc (heir Armies
now, would be doinj^ his Bofinels and giving themfelves

up to Dcftnirtion. Ihelir Argiinients f>)on got the hirer with fuch Succefs, that 'J'^oni/nig, upon wlicni liisB,
of Sultan MernJ'i Loyalty, elixcially when it was farther tlicr Dara had chvfly ilf()ended, was pnvirciy liis Cru-
infimuted to him that his Father was now lijpcranuatet!, ture, and betrayed the Mailer, to whof l.ivuur lico*,!
and that Sultan Dara only made ufc of his Name. Mo- all Things. This Prince had Spies in evi ry Part cl ih;
ra/i conceiving with himlcif that it was better for him to Court, knew every thin<; that wa'. done tl.fro, and tlis
imjxjfe Ijw ujx)n his Brethren, than be obliged tore- Sentiments tf all who tompofed it. He held l;kcwi;c
ceive it from them, determined to pr<Kcxd, and to acquire,
if poir.ble, by Arms, a Ctown, to which he was not entit-
led either by the l-awi o4 Nature, or the CuAom of his
Count:)-.

But .IS T\T are now to enter on that War which h.as
mnde fo great a Nd.Ic in Furcfe, .is well as the Indits, it

s\'ill l>c necellar)' to fay fomtthmp, of the Charaders of thole of his Brethren, «ai very prob.ibIy torn id upoi
thefc Princes ; and the rather, Ue.iufe lomc of them have
l)ern much mifreprelcntcd, ami, in i.uropt, generally mif-
underft'xxJ. Sultan Dttra was always happy in the F.njoy-
inent cf his Father's lavour, in (.onlct^uentc of which he
received an FUlucation truly Royal ; |;c enjoyed, from Na-
nire, a viry gnceful Pcrlon, and a llrong Condifiition v
his Parts were not only lolid, but bright and fparkling,
fo that before he reschcd the Mower of his Age, he
was Mailer, not only of all the .Sciences which arc uliially
taught in the Univcrfitus luit t\vA\ of the I>anRu.igcs
hkcwife that are fpoken in Larcff. 1 lis lupcrior Know-
kdge, and the great Q^iickncl» of hii Wit, ioined to
a philoiliphrcal \'iniie, were t.he .SourL--s of his Ruin. He
was Ivyond Companion, ilic gie;m.ll Prince that ever
drew Breath in the hdic, and thr niufl iinlortunate ;

the wifelf Man of the Age in which he lived, yet unac- „ - -

count.-ibly weak in his Condu<5t ■, one of the bell Men that I>efign, which he l^elieved, and which Ijcj ericicc Ih.ft
ever wis bred up in a Court ; and wiilul, the worft quali- cd to be the fureft Method of cfltifling it

tied to live in one. Thefe Paradoxes llull be in few •' • -■ « r ^r i r,.; c

Words cxplaincil. I li. Wifdom drew u|,on hini the Ha-
tred ol fiich a^ atfVJted to l>e tho'ight wuV ; his (juickneli
ni-.d Penetration rendered liim Id', i.ipable ol being ad-
vilcd by Inch as were molt able : IK I, .id fjient muih of his
Time ::i Bxiks, knew the liuties ot r\v-ry P.-otilTiim, mA

private Intelligence with the principal Riijjbs throur;!i' it
the F.mpire, had a private Correfpondencc with the Ki; j;
of Ptrjia I and tliat he might not want a religium I'jrt/
to efjxjufc his Inten U, he declared for the Siil of Alt,
which IS the eftabliflied Faith of the Ptrfiuis.

The Qiaradfer of Jur,-fi^zde, tho* directly opjxifiteti

theirs. lie had llrong Scnfc, much Appliiatii'i', ar.ii a
deep Reach of Thous^ht ; the greatill Myinxtit!', :ri
the mod profound Difl'emblcr in the World. Ilimibli in
Appi-arance, in reality cxccinvely .inibitimi^ ; covetous a
the highcll Degree, and yet alTccling to defjjilc Worry ,
devout in Shesv, without the leaft Tineliire of laitli n
Cioodnefs in hit Heart. He faw that M? Rrethrin Jul
courted Men of other Religions, and thcrtlore he plaifd a I
Itts Ho|)es in the hgotted Afchmim-ti/in; whom h. knnv
to be a [powerful Party, and moll capabk- cf fervmghr,
in the Way that he delired to Ik fetvcd. 1 le knew vrr.
well, that if hecoukl not attain the Throne byhisC-:
ning, he was not likely to prefervc his Lilc, and i.icm r-
he fpent his whole Time, ami applied all hii riioug't- r.
meditating how to acquire the ImiKrial Diadem, an.l i-.
hindering the reft of^ the World from pirceivin" '

MoraJ, the youngeft of Sbah "Jtbani Sons ^"^ ^^ '■■ '
neft generous I*rince, wie who profcdld Mibttmmi:;.-^
from his Hcarr, and was really as much a Iklicvcrasanv
of the Clergy could wilh him. I le loved 1 hinting, ma
other Fxcrcifcs of that Kind, and was nuiJi g;vcn :>
Women. In all other refpcifls he w.is a very aniub.f

txpf (ftfi! that .Men ot every Piofcllljii ihoiild difdiargc and worthy Prince, and it' he appeared from funic I'arts

» r,f ; it.> of A« fingii'ir T.tJliff ii, .1/;->.i' ;/ r.ihr.u ■. ilul it, tit 7»*,7.« t/lh Ivit Sn>,. Thtrr fort rf Titles r.-e, .in.! jKva): h-" |*^;
Tn«:l. «ll.c TicJ ill t! r K ut, v, hjir sig in i!ic..i 1 .nf.;,i ,^ of .Mirjjrir/ ; anJ, at the fime lime, fomcthing (ciiunti.uj ami very cxrrrfilye|^ i''.''r",i\
l.r .ufmin ili<: KriJ •, Vi .1 ihtk L g iti «c dr;.» 1 (,.» n .Vlr jamn Fraxtr, who h»« not only |;iveii di the 'lilVi and CluiJi^tf " <il »■'"""' j_^

•-ifitnril P:ic , iiihrrto a'jl .1 i'c!y uiiiiuu « ■ •■ ■ '

i'liiit. .ulilr I icil.iir, iniiinuciiat lite/ c '
•I Uitlr Inil.tri, CouiiU.C .

tl «c dr;.» 1 (,.. n .Vlr 'Um>i Fraxtr. who h»« not only civeii di the 'lilVi and Chaui^tc" "' »''"'""\'
uov.i ic, til!, Wt. o» 111' VSoilJ, bat h:ii likewilc brdiiglit wiih him thf U.xjk. thtmlclvn, *'"'", "'^I'V./
aifwi4t:icMei>i.o) fc;!i.i^; up ihal vail Ci'a/o.whiili has been fo Icni; left in I'ntvi'f*! HittnM^

Chap. 11.

M () Ci u L E M p r R E.

,,t lus Comliii.'^ ill a ililTtcnt I .inht, it was owinc; to tlie
I rj;ncc itMt /fiinnx~''''f .i(!]iiircil ovir him, aiKJ in
»' ih hf iiJtal a;i;iin(t his own Si'iitmipnu. Let iia now
, i;irn to M.ittcri of ]'»{}. and ililrufs llicin in an (i;w

\V, ri!«a< l"^''^'"'''' '^" '^'' ""F'* '•* •^"'"'■''C-^'' c l-ty ni
-..i'.;rfT Ills Urithrcn ilcllniy Piirh nt'uT. I lis .Sclicniis

V in lome MMliirr aaomplilhni witlt rclncct to Siili.in
> h, .iivltVoiii his IiuflliivniT, he knew vi-ry wi'll, tli.t
/, jii IJjr.i v.'.l^ not an cqu.il Mitrli , the l-oavs ttuy

.; in the l''iclt.l .i!;iinlV him, .mil thii p;avo hinj as inuili
I'fiiirt in ons S'.nli*, ai it ili I I'lialiiro in an'itli'.Ti lor,

■ ii'cfiW vrry fl'.arly, th:U his Hrotli'.'r\ Sahiy .iii.l In-
I r ;N!<pi'nil;'»1 iiiDn taking him o\Y, !<> notwitijllaiKliii({

. Diif.rcr.cc (-f their ni.ir.iMcrs lif w.is al'ranl Wn Uro-
I, r nii^lit fiv it hiinlfit, it at Itall Iv lluvu jr liy Iwine

V 1 1 tti.T about him, whirli niailc hini niiirc mt nt upon
I, Dwl^'ii'lion, tinv.ir(!H whom he pridrlla! loth iJuty
., '. Atratiiin, than nii that of his cMcr Hrctlur af.aiiilt
.\ M he was in Arms: Yet h-' (vivirni his I 'in .iliiv u
\ A a Shi.'W of pr<at 'rriM(|iiillify, .nxl I'iivriirc-ii anv
S.l.icftiP, t!iat might iinvi- ril" n Irorn h's Krl'-rv-u.i-i , by
,1. :;hingit to a S^iirit <>( Uih^ioin lo tli.;t whil.' h- *as

■ ,tt:!^t!'.r moll il't'.dahle Villanirs, t'lf lir ivvatiT I'art
I ; ;h'-' Cimji believed him rntircly iiikcn up with ri-h^i-
, i , M, iliutifins. Me nnpliiyed tlif v.ill rriMfuus lir liad
!, I i.1 up ('V tlK' tnofl iMrMllilJaMf Mcan<, ii; I'lactK-ci
1 'I f. sviilxj -, am! iiy t!i:'.t Means ji.i,! ronilant Aiivicc
il wh.itiver pan":<l in all t'i" Cwirt-, (o that ,t i.is lly-
1 .'..I'y ha I ever htm iV.teehcd, he- would h.ivc had Iciliiic
L>i.;it toliivc leeiircd a Kdreir, ami at i!;',' lanw I urn-,
! i.O.Iicirs and his Trnnps sv:'re li) ilfvoted to him, that hi:
; il not the leaft Realbn to <loiil'>t their detcndmf? Iiiin to
li.c lal't Man: Such wrri- the ( iuunillanfcs on this h;de.

P,-)W was nc t idle in fh'- mean 'rime, tait ord.T^d his
i\,:i:.\hji\-:n'/ing and f...;//i">;-AV'.':r, to take a I'al's up-
I '. tl;' Kiver f/ij/>, \vhi( li mif'Jit hav* l.een m.iintaineil
.. \i:[\ ail the l''orces' of th" two Broth is. Hut Cijj.im-
a'.w, one of tliofc whom J)tira iiad tonmrly ililubliged,
i,;. i; in the Intcrelf of .liirengzebf, witlulrew upon the
.',;i;iMeh of Ills Army, and left the Rajah 'Jctcohtfing to
ii^lit It out by liimfflf i wiie!eii|V)n the two tirothcrs f;ain-
r.Ian rafy Viftory, making th-infelves Mailers ot all the
1 neir.il'- Artilk'ry and Bai^'^aff, and lo iliii the I'artiliins
w. .hm^zcbc vc\-\n-\^i this M.itter, that all the d lory of
!'■; Victory was afrrihetl to him, which p,avc- a j^reat Dif-
••J\ to the Miiiilfcrs and (Jeneials of Mcntd's Army,
k '.owiag tlut tiieir Maihr's Trfxij's had liorn all the Hiirtheii
•: the Day, while Jurer^zrf'f feen-.ed to rrlerve his own
horccs for another Oecalioit. 'I hey br;Mn now to he
iwivincd of the amhitioiis IVlif.is of tlif Diliembler,
rJ hal, it is faid, without tlvir MalV< r's Kno\vieJ[;e,
;nr:Tieil a Dcli^'.n to cut him olV next I'ime he came to
y r.ij'i fjiiarters, wi.ieh .'liiriiv'zcbf, whf) had his Spies
;i (very Place, had fnnie Intc!lip;enec of, and came no
r.:irc til lus Brother's Tent ai iiliial, bui fent Ins Son Mo-
Ijnwi-J Ui ^-^y his ("nniplimcnt";, wiihoor diltov.n.i^!; that
lie wui appiiz d ot the Cf>nft'iraey a'^nnlf linn. While
t'le two IJiothfrsconriniifd then' Mareli, ihe M.ilrcontents
at Court lamc over to them every Day, and many of
ilioi'e who ftaid hhind, remained there for an Oppor-
tunity of (^ivii .g Intelli-'eiH-c to thP Knemy. Shah J.'hin
!:■ I'iii;; hiinfelf betrayed on every Side, and retieCtin^ on
I' formrr Qjiifhict, 'tis laid, in lefpcrt to the Oniiahs,
t';i/.^!it this iiniverfal Def'elion mi!";!!! proceeii tioni a
pau..u!ar Prejudirc to his own IVrlim ; he made a Ccflion
tlicriUirc of tiio Crown, and devolvnl .ill his Authority on
h;' %n D.wa, vVho thereupon railed a proilii;ious Army,
a:J ni.ireiicd to meet the P!nemy upon tlie 14th ot
M^, 1656 r.

To fee t!u5 inii^htv Armv, lays the I lillorian, extend
ilHlf en the vaft I'Liins of /lirai wool' I i.ave inciined any
Me to believe, that Dora niuft have commanded \ idory

^HS

where.ever he wi-nt 1 Init /Vir./s liaurjity Carriap,-, fl >
hems, had raili-d hiiii at many Lneniu» as the Vutsof
Sliuh 7fi.'i« tiie l-ailiir, iiii;jiinkh tlut ilurc Wii» lurdly
a conhderuble Oillcci- 11. the Army, but liail ins particu-
lar t'rejudicd. Dtini euntimied lus Manh fur four Days, ' '
till he came to tjie Uiver CVjWW, wiiue Iwentiemhei "
himlell, and deterinined to \'.ait tlie Maions of ihe twu .
tirothen ; lor here his Army tuuld be liiuphed witli 4II '
Manner of Frovilloin tr.im .v^ra, and tL Lneiiiy, he
knew, could nut [lollibly luljliirioiiy ui that barren Coun- "
tiy, wlaeli lay to tlie bouthwaid, tlijcclaily at this Sc4- ';•
t'Mi ol the Year, when the I kats are iiuolcrablc, /Av- .'■'
>vwjl;^fif olileiving the Uilpolitiuii ol the Impaul Army, \
and that all the Aveniji . to U^tj'. Lamp were luttitk.r .
Willi lintrcnthiiients and lotteries of C.uuioii, loi-Lludei*,
it was inip'jlliblo to taec tl.e Enemy ui thut I'oli. Oa
the other 1 iar.sl, he wa^ leiilible, thai tlio Itall Delay v..u ,
iiKir nifallilile Ivuiii. Durn would be joined in a little , _
1 inu- liy his vniioriouj Son, who woi n turning from the /
I iiiluitol .Sultan 6/</',;/», and their own Troops, would be ^
i.llu-arieneJ, and difjjcrlid, if their tirft 1 Icat was a little",
lookd, as is ufual in all Inluradions, where Rebelj meet
witli unluielcen Dillieulties. In tiiis Dilhefs, the Rajah
Cwifet, a conlirmed iincmy to the Court, offered the,,
two Brothers a Fallaj^e thiouf.>;h liib Countiy, which lay '
about thirty Miies higher up the River, where it was
jjfoliable they would meet with no Oppolition ; for th.c ■
K.iiali's i'erriti.ries being wooiiy and mountainous, and
tlic liajah Inmlill a deiural in the Imjx;rial Army, Dura
looked upon hinilch as iccure on that Side, when, to his
Surprize, Intelligence was bruu^',ht him, that a Ujdy of
the b.iieiny had actually palled the River, and was pic- ,
paring; to attack his Kcai. Jhia imiiiedi.itely I'llpatehed .
die treachtious c,'(i/(«;-A'c<;/» to uj polt; them, but lie hav-
irg a Correl|X)iKlence with yin>-ei:.'Ztii; fullered Lii whole
Army to pals the Kiver, a::d iJim thenilelvcs in Order,
ot Battle, without (;iviiiy tliein any Dillurbance ; lij that
now both Armies tame to a Battle on ecjual TemLs, wliicli ■
was lought with very givac Bravery on that Side, where
Data himfeif comniandt d 1 but tlie other Generals noc
eloinj; their Duty, anil limie ui' tlieni with tlieir whole
Bodies going over to the Enemy, the two B.-otiiers, at
l.enKth, obtained an entire Vieiory. Dura retired witli
a liiiall Body ot Troops, which remained faithful to him,
to ./ifn;, where he Ibiid but a few 1 Jours to refrefli him-
feif, and continued hi5 .March to ZW'/v \ but the Gover-
nor having heard (A the Lois of the B.ittle, rcfufed hitn
iVdniittance, wheieupoii he wai cumpellcd to retire to
Lalor.

The two Brotliers, w ith their viilorious Army, advanced
to the (jate.s ot .ijini, and invelUd tlie PKicc, wliich was
betrayed to them in a few Day.s, and the old limpeior S/mO
'Jfihtin made L'lllbner. 1 he two Diotliers i^olleiled thcm-
lelves ot his j.rodiyioiis Trcalures, which they liAind fudi-
cient to reward then A.lhereiits, an. I luppjit their t'lurpa-
tion 1 and havin}^ ivliellied their i'r.iops, and put the Go-
vernment into lueii 1 l.iiK.i .is t.'iey cuukl depend on, tliey
lelt a Garrilbii in -/^'/v, and continued their Marcii to-
wards Debly, Mo>tiJ being tre.itcd by Jurdngzihc, and the
whole Army, as tiieir limperor. '1 liey were encamped ia
the fertile I'lains ul AJaturu, wliere Hands a noble Mofque
or Temple ereded hy I'oiiie of tiie M<'gul I'.mperois, whicU
,'liirt)hj^zche propofed as a proper I'laee for the Inaugu-
ration of his Bri:ther; wheieupoii great Preparations were
iiiaile to perloiiii the Solemnity on the 15111 ot Jum 10.5CJ.
I'he Evening l)efore...7rt'»i,'--'^'-'fent a moll tlutitul Meliiige
to hi'. Biotiier, importing, that he was extnanily liiny that
a liKkicn lilnefs, witli whicli he was lei^.J, would not
allow him to wait upon his Iiiipuial Majelly, in order to
concert with him and his Allrol;>gers the Ii.cky Hour lor
ills Coronation ; but tliat if lie would li.ivc the t ^oovinefs
and LoiKielceiilion to accept of a fniall Collation at his

(' m

! ;• ,1

\ •

, t"

iii '"'^;''t.

Ijiiiilu., :.i rttll U5 ti.tttuiiiiinj Writer.
^"■'M!'. -14.

Qiiartcrs,

-if' \ I

, m

<■ 1 1-

■4 1 :

11- -. . /

646

7bi NISTOHr of the

Book I.

QjMTtf r<i, ill things miphe bf rf (pilmrtl ihcrr, fn u M |ff-

vrnt wy IVlay in 1 M«trr o« fi) kivm lm|xiruii( i« •. Some

oUbe }iriiKi|Ml Confident* ol Siilwn A/#f*/««uikl nut v«ry

well digfrt ihn Mefftgf, but Itncied Uwrt wu lontflhinn

concealed iindrr ic which mipht be prtiuiltci-d lu iheir Mi

(ler. «nd thrwlore they idviletl him to reiurn • very civil i«<iiily. «n.l witti gr,4e I'utirmi-. He tlij UiU notr t

Aniwer ti) thu Complement, liut by all mein* lo iltclinr lir nA»r liir llmurtdk I'roul <;l iIr- \i\\\v^\ ,^\ ,f„,/p

hilt « the (ame time mformrtl |,i,„, f!,,f |,i, rjtherin.tn.i.
n.) I iuri to l,n l'c.l.,n, l.m ^n cm „. toalKm h,nul';
licr, htt ScMi;li.), 4)1.1 lud. Aniulrinrni. 4^ mi,.l„ ,,jni .
lid Mju. 1 he Imhuk 111 and thr Wdihci, la uu i I i
Urt.ry 4t (Ins lurlurom M. llaK^- » Init .V/j/. 7.irf,i,)ir ■

the Vifit. There were, hiiwe vcr, oiImti, who were lecrelly
in hit Brotliet'i Intrrert, who |ierlu4detl htm to 140, mkI .it
Sultan Morai was a Prime ol • very o|)en ami nenenin
DilpolitK)n, he liHened to their Advice, and went with liia
Ordinary Ciuanl, and a few nt hu principal Courtier*, at
the Time appointed, to hu Biother'i TenI, wharc he wo*
received with loth high Maik* o» Htf|K«f», aiul wuh lb
much Teeming AtTeiihun, that he Ui<l an.ie all .Sulpu urn,
and accordins to hw ul'ual Cultoni, drank Irrely ol leveial
foru of excelfcnt Wine, which were jirovidcd lor him \ Uit
as for the piou» /kriiigxt^t, he, lor a IVincipIr ol C.mlii
ence, couW not tafle a iJrop d tlut nrohihiietl I .iqiu.r,
and therefore drank WaKr only. At lall 5ult4i» MtrtJ,
having got his lull Dole, fell itl\ alleep, and wa«, l>y Ins
Brother's Command, immetluwly removed into another
Tent, attend^ only by his laitliltti l-4mui li, wko could
not by any means be perfuaded to leave him.

la the mean time the Olliceia ami t.inirtifrs »f MtroJ,
were entertained m another 'l'< nt by htlon* ot equal Ranlt
With thcmfelves who wtre kntiwn to have ftrmig Heads,
and could bear drinking. I'he Guards all the time at-
tended round the lent, and all the Muliilt ol the Camji
playing, as it the Brothers lud l|ient the Ni^ht together 111
Fealhnp. Juren^tth early in ilx M<»rning went with fix
of his Guaids into the Tent, wlier« Sultan MiraA ami his
Eunuch were Atll fall alliep, and having raulcil ihcm to
be bound before they were well awake, hi- ordered tlinn
to be put in two clolr Litters, and lent away privately,
one to the Cita<lei of Dr^/r, and the otivr to that of ///r<i.
NVhen all was over, he direcfejl a Mrllage, m hw Brother's
Name, to luch as were to aflill at tlieapnroacliutg L'nrona-
lion, importing, that the iolemn I'roetllinn (o the Mutt]uc
«as to be made from the I eiit ol /lur<ni*th* at a teriaui
Hour, and thtrclore they were to l>e rrady by that Time
in the 1 empk-. When the I loiii hur .1 hit thr Coronatioii
came, the grcatcfl Part ut both Amur* were drawn up in
pcrfidt Urdcr, under Colour U |>tevtnting Diftuitvuiies
Without Arrr.s. On a fiiildrn thi\' wm- luiniunded hy
fcvcral ihoice Sqi;a«Jrors ol Hoi If Irom ilic Aiiiiy ol ,1u-
rfH'Ztlf, wlio, .IS I on as ih:- Pi ifrfliuii l»g.in tu move,
BUite tiu tiiU Dciaratioii ot t)ir Ch>iii|^(' liy lii«iulilhiii^
tlicir Swords, ami cry iny; out, AA'v ii>r tmf>ftir \\ui.nfi
7.rlK lire ftr tvei . 'I he tv\\ of ihc Atiny wvreemcctlingjy
aitoinflied .nt firlf, btif they wrr<- toon l«Mt<d to join in ihr
Cry, Irom .in Apprehfiiiirm, ili.a iIkI.' I roop* might
ii.iinplc them down, airl pit ihrm to liniili, il ihey dil-
rovcTri! the li lit Si{^ns it l")i|i>l>«liei . r, A- d on m ihry
y^iiicd in tltc AccUiiiatuii.s, .lur<;»ji-.etir hiinuil appeared,
lat down for a Monimt on tie I hmn iinjaird lor his
jlroihcr, a:u! laving invelled himlill wiih ihc Knfigns ol
i.hf Inifxria' Dip'uty, prelentiy wiihdirw, thr whole Army
ihcwing the p;rcat'lt joy .n l.is Ari.iilinn, wlinh is a Frool,
r/'jt in arbitrary tiovernnitnts ili'-re is no ludi thing as
I o).ilty \ tor Slaves n veiciif llaiid upon
1,'K Linic luiimiatit n.

In tiie m;(llt <,\ all this Sucrcfa, A'irtnj(^Tfkt ran a oreat
iHi/ar,i ot liei:.^; ddhronii', oi ai h.ill ot Uring the War
TiViv/il irf-m a (^'urfr wl.irli, wiih ull Ins tunning, he
i.fur lull 'Vtcd. lie i;ad frnt In* « lilrll .Son Stihan Mo-
ba.Hii.id to ./' r.: to (Xiriit.- hit tj-tff, with refiWt to Sl»ah
/ti.tit, whiiii he {KTl. iii'u very pMiii'tiuily, lince as foon
.Il he ti,'^u(l (lit I'relcii. I .1 liis t.nnill.illicr, he told him
in very ft w Wonls, that lie was 'jiown nM, and iiuu|>al)le
'i» m-: sting ilu' I iiij ir^, .ind nui'.hi ilir lefore to leave it to
J.i.Ti, \si.u in fiith.i C'oiijiiiivUiic ssai Ull able to lullain itv

r.mr. andol his CajMuty lor Bovcrni..|i at » I ,me wh „
hi« rrlttilious I hilJirii mated htni as j Duitird H-
rrdrcl as Sultan -Vei-jwiwi-^ toinnundcd, and »s !«,;,', j,|,!
was lued in h>s new Apaitiiicnt, he lent lu d.lire m. thu
Viht Irom his lirandhii., wlwim, as f^^m as he Uw coinr '
at a IJilUae, he threw himldt on Im Knees. Thcyouv
Man (oining to lilt him up, he addrclird him m ilxl'
Worils : " Since it is lb, liiKC 1 niuH be dethroned hy
•• my own Children, 1 lubmit to my l.itci bu'bty,;i
•• « ollra^',(•ou^ mough to hatch the Crown of the Jiuiiu
" Irom liiui, who is iiujH unworthy to *tiT it. IheCiiy
'♦ ol /jfrj IS y(»urs, you h.»vc in it a powtrliil Army c-.
" voted to your Ssrvice v revenge then my Wrongs, onj
•• lei:ure vourUlf from theCiueity ol a Parent whow|
'• never llicw AlliCtion to his Son, alter trcarirg a h:kr
*• as he has done mf." Sultan Mihammtd was Ihuk
With this Difciiurle ^ but as lie knew timt ail thcOfe:^
under his Command weic entirely devoted to /luwizu',
he diirlt not puilUe his (Irandlathcr's Advue, whid'
however, madeluhan ImprelFion on him, t.hat hcncv,'
lorgot It, or obeyed hi* Father alterwards but wuhRc^
lu^tance.

I'he People however, more fufccptible of Pity thm,.'
Duty, Cttuld not help murmuring at the liarfh I'lcatmr.':
ol lo great a Monarch, /■nrtngztht wa« no foonir m
lormed of it, than he cauied a letter to be written in !. .
l-ather'( Hand, adiirelTed to Sultan Dara, in winch I,;
directed him 10 march with what Forces lie cqijM
gather, towards y1j>ra, profniiin;^ him to engig: A:-
rngzttt to make him a Vilic, anct caule lum to bo mu'-
ihcred in his A|)anmeiit. Tlie torg' d Letter had its E;-
Mi upon the Mob, who immediately prunounctd li::
Ul'jge ol the oki ljn|)erur to be wliat lie ('iferved. and
admired the Wikloin and I lumamty ol .Arn^z.'W.
'1 hat artful Prinrr, having tlius tettird all I'hings khind
him, and liav.ng, out ot the Trealurcs of hu Father, re-
wardeil, even iHyoml their Hopes all v/ho had hitlitrtj
ttinil'd liim in hu I'jiterprizt-s, liAicd himlelf at Leifuretj
purliR- Sultan Dam, who lud api 1 Jrawii a formulibL*
Army tu!r<th(T in tiie Nei^jilourLooil of Ijiber. That
Prune wo* now h.ippy 111 a faithtul and able Gcncrjl,
whole Name vits D.iutKl'un. .,y«r<»^2c/Y attcniptirig tu
corrupt hiin, failed tor the lirft 'I'inie ; ujion whKh h:
caulcsl a l-etfer to lie forgeil in the Hand of Daul-Kkr,
inifxirting a Defign to betray his Malftr, and conmwd
llw Matte r lb, th.it it fell into the 1 lands ot Sultan /)«,
who, Itaving fullered Jo much through ill-placed Cunti-
fidencc Utore, became now unrealbnably I'ulpitioia. On
the Sight therefore ol thi* Letter, he- dilmiircd liij faiihl'.:!
C»cneral \ upon which the reft of his Olficers, and loon
alter hi* whole Army abandoned hnn, and lie wis had
to fly into the Provence of (Juzarat, from whence he pro
pofed retiring into Perfia.

/Iwrtngziii took this Opportunity of turiiing his Forr-i
againll his other Brother Sultan Sujdh, who being infora
ed of his March northwards, kgan immdiatety to nievs
with his Army towards A^ra, But /iurtitgzilx reiumrg
with a lurpnzing Celerity, prevented that Capital bni
falling into his Hands. However, Sultan Sujai hu
polled his Tioops lo advanugeoully that he was not tJ bt
torcrd in his Camp, and kept a Communication open
with fcvcral Town*, from whence he was well (uppiit-
with I'rovifions, while hi* tnemies wanted all NccciUr.rs,
and even Wattr, which they were forced to bnng tot.^itr
Camp upon the Backs of Camels from the Caa^''/, «•'• '
lay at twenty Mdes Diftance. In this Dillrels Juriif'"'^
ordered it to Ix given out, that he would decamp thci'"'

' • It t» ftiH fl>e Cul'im in mo.1 I
trdfo bf ifliitiinl liy (htm in ihc Clio
rtirfe IV.fliiiif Irl!,'. 1.1 ill* liH I Vyir*
«liuf fciftii :n D.hl, IIr Ufi ,.*■ chi»(
•ht\ vriideU l.'i«ii l'if.li'..oo, ar.4 Kept i.'i'

l'»ft^mC:«i,nir,. hui efpttUIly ina,.*, Pnfit. ind tht Mn, «oconruItAnrologenaponiIlr"'f ;

iif ..I Ixky Hw... XM, 7,/M wii llnirpl) »iiilicted to ihcfc suprrllKion., »nd bcamc ■''""'y '" ' ,;,„
f) 1.1,. f |<ririi.iilcd hitn In luve hU Cipiul. ujxm ])reirace, tint the enluing Month wouU Ot u ^^ .^
lliir i„ |.r#,.,l» HI |,i> Alitmtf . nml the Altrologm look circ to poifon hm bffoie lui Kcturn, u?
Hi|V'i,ir rv<i j||«i ui liM laoll llavdh Urpcndnnw upon (hew. xy..

Chap. II.

MociiL Kmpirf.

I Stjh j'ibiinhntr

Month •mW '*""'„ ,4

647

Mominp, ami jcfonlinply thf Tent% were ftnick, nml the
Tr(x)i« ai^iiilly iti Motion i winch Sultan Snjah (ili(. iv-

i'K. pfT*"^'' '" **" "f""' ''"""■ '*'•"■• "" I r(K)|>« ot
A»r(<ii,t4i' wcrr onlrictl to (.',ivc Way iipim tin lirll At-
cick, until thpy haJ tirawn tlu Advaiur-niunk ol huli.in
iinjiib loine DilUnfc from thfir Camp, .mil thru to nukr
a Stjnd, which Orders wrrp jxm^tiMlly ixk iifcil j and
Sultati .V///<'^ ohlrrvinpj hii Mm were ov( r pownrd, ^\l■■
ticlifil llill "*'>'■»■ I ">«>|ii to liipport fhi-ni I .iml tlir Knc-
my iloiMR th'- like on the otlnr Side, it ranu' .tt Icnf/.th to
a crnrral llaftlr. I'hc (unrrali, mounted un their rc-
fpfiktve l',ln)hantv .iilv.incrd with the Ikxlits iiniirr thrjr
immnliate tomitiand* to en(>;.iRr each other, and flic H,it-
ll« wa< fought with j'rr.it Obllin.icy, till .furfnnzfba art-
fully «!rew his F.nrniy into a HUM, where In' h.ul or-
dered Pits 10 tx" made the Ni^ht lielore, and eov( red over
with Tiirt, lb that tin y lay unprrceived. | Icrr the hravo
Sultan Suiah was .idv.innnrr to eni^ice his Brother, and
perfonally defide the Fortune of the i)ay, when his Me-
phant tlounced into one of thcli- Pits prepared for hini,
Irnm whence the Sultan found it impoliihie to <lileni;a|^o
hiinl It laMcnIy I whereupon the Army, not I'eein^f "their
General, ima^intd he was killed, and thou;;lir ot nothing
hut making tli'ir Retrctr. Sulran Sujab afterwards mount-
cA 3 1 lorle that was brout^ht him, an«l entl> avourcd to
lally his tlyinR Tro»)ps, bur it was too late; the Kout was
t.,u!, a panuk Fear had Ifized his I'orfcs, and th-y coiiM
tifvtr be brnught to make a SmikI again v and xSi/Jnh,
with p.n Jt Uiliiculty, made his I'liapc into the I'roveiuc
cf Bfigitl. Mere he leeruittd hii (nattered Army, and,
having polled himfrlf in an advantegeous Camp, waiteij
the Approach of the l.'nemy, when he underlkofKl that
Mcismmed, the cldell Son of ^lurengzebfy was in (ifimc
Pili^race, and fecretiy invital him to come over to his
P;rry, which Negotiation was fo well managed, that he
M not only defert his Father's Court hitnfelt, but brought
cvfr with him feveral of his M\ Ollkcrs. Upon this,
Auungzfbe had Kecourle to his old Fra<fliee of forging
Icttfrs, by which he drew Sultan Sujah to l)elievo that
hhimmtd had defertetl by his Oiders, who thereupon
treated the young Prince in lii< h a manner that he was
glad to reconcile himfelf to his Father, who fed him with
hir Promifts fill he had him in his Power, and then, in a
liiile rime, fent him IVifoner to the Cafllc of Gulli,r •.

Sultan Dara, having <lrawii anotlwr Army together,
marched, with great l)ili;;enee, tDwaiili the City of /Ima-
ildiil; but wlien he was within a t(W Milts of il, fhe
Oovernnur, who had been torrrpred by /lurcn^zd'e. Unit
(iic Gates of it againll Irni j u) f)n which, the Army he
had aflenibled, feeinjj, liirn thus In traycil, abandoned hini,
m nriirr to provide the belt tli; y tould for their own
■'^iicty. The Sultan, noss' entiri'ly liel'iiairiiigof !iis Afi'airs,
cttcnr.ined to tly for Kefii{',e to /'(>//.» ^ to which he was
t'le rather induced, l^caulc, (iiv.nKian had the Command
ri a Tort upon the Fronriers, who was his Friend, and might
fivwr hi^ R( treat. This Man had rifcivod the higheft
Jav'Ts irom the Sulran, and paiticulaily, once he laved
lis l.,t,-, vh(n the l'.mp< ror Shah 'JcLin had commanded
t;:ni to Ix- tKiitoD.Mth by I'lephants for li)me Mifde-
nvanoi.r hi had coiiimiiteil. This Traitor rercived the
•'^ultan with the greatt (I ProtefTons ot CJratitude, Init im-
n-ediat-ly pas'c Intelligence to the General who eom-
""anil. d the I'orres of /lurri^zcbr on that Side, that he
lia;i D.^r.i in liis Power, niul would jteliver him up. The
Su!tan (uipcctcil the I renchery, ami was meditating how
^■" might make his F.lirape from thence, when a Dctach-
"I'nr or .■iurmf^Zflv''^ I'oires (urrrounded the I'alate, and
cjrriul Diin: PiilbniT with them to Baker, which was be-
fifgnl by lii.s Brother's Troops, Ixing the only Fortrefs
*liiih ftiil htld out tor Dara, they compelled the unfor-

' Uen arr fome Writen, who tell ui, that he diJ not ftnd Iiis Son. Sultin Mo/'ckuiJ, iniincdi.itely to this Ptifon, lut kept him feme Time under
Jlicj; but whtn hr had taken the eldrll Son of Sulian i>rfr«,lic lent ihcm Imth thiihcr.on the mh of yanuorr, it)(j Land kept them there ma-
[; W-ri.t.r.iitl.ill M^a««^</ liiid of ,1 natural Ueadi, nj molt Writers l.iy, but, ai foinc would inlinuatc, by Poilon, which, however, "^ "Tipro-
P" > 1 knulc, with equni Provocation frcm another of hii Sens this Kiii|^ior contented liimielf with a long ImprUunnient, and let him at Liberty

' Ihiv hxlui'ion w:.! perromie.1 In the N'^ht. on the iBth of Ac«/f. if ;n. We nrt told, that a little before hi^ Death, this Prince wa? afltedl ly
'■'■"'tt'ii'.Oni.n, wint he would have doi-.e with Inm in «(«• he h.'A obtained the \ idary. As he h a Kebel and a Murderer, anfwered buliaii
'>'■: he btrt know. «hnt he defer^Ts 1 which Aniwer oiciioned his l>ath. It is highly probable, tliat ^-..-".sw*^ nivented thi^ Story, and cauird

- •■ ■ . . . . • tcruin, that he ciufed the Hilloiy of hn

And as h9

Mnate .Siilrnn to fend Oftlem to the (iovernor to fur-
render the Fortrels, svho olieyed, on contiition he
niight lie at I.ilierty to retire into the Kingdom n( Cath-
mirf. When the captive Prince wa« brought to DibN, he
was fet in an 0|>en Chair on the H.uk of .m Klephant,
with hit Feet chained, and his younpell Chdilren alioiit
him, which moved the Coinpaflion of the I'eople. I lis
Buither /iuretiizeot would not ive. his Face, but ordered
him to be lit ured in a Callle without the Town \ and,
having alfemblcd a Council of the principal Omrahs, lie
propoleil it as a matter indilVerent to him whether it were
moll advifabic to condemn Dara to |)crpctual Impiiluii-
ment, or deprive him of his Ijfev by wliiih Miani he
did not doubt but he fliould dilcover whuli of them were
in Dara'x Intercll, determining with himlllt not to Iparc one
of them. Bur ihelir great Lordi were all lb wili: as to fave
their own laves by voting away their Maker's, except one,
who had been his tleclartd Fnemy, which, 'tis faid, (^tve
/turttif^ztbi fuch an Opinion of the Man, that he after-
wards took him into the Number of his Friends. After
long waiting the fatal Stroke, Sultan Dara met with i:
from the Hand of a common F.xecutioner, who, with
great Bnit.ility, threw him on the (iround, and afterwards
cut off his Heail ». .Some of the Millionariei have re-
ported he died a Chrillian, but, as they do not produce
any Fividcnce in fupport of it, we can fcarcc cadit the
i-^l-i barely on their AUcTtion.

J Jie [lerlonal Hatreil of Aurenj^zebc to his Brother, 'tis
reported, was fuch, that he orilired Dara'% Head to be
brought him, and vicwixl it with great Satisfadion, ami
infulting over it, faiil, " Behold the Remains of a weak
*' Man, who would have wieHed a Crown from me he
" W.15 not able to fulfain." Fie afterwards ordered the
Head to be carried to his Father Shah Jehan, and his Sif-
ter Ichan Ara Begum, who were impriloned in the CalUe of
Agra \ at which melancholy Spctfiaclc the old Emperor
fell into a Swoon, but it did not break his Heart, as his
pious Son Aurtngzebe cxpedcd •, nor was the Sight a Icfs
AfRiiiiion to the Siller, who had always efpoufcd the In-
terelb of Sultan Dara, and whom he had promifed to
marry, 'tis faid, if ever he poncfled the Throne. Sultan
Sujah, the fccond Son of Shah Jehan, ftiU remained in
Bengal \ but, upon the Approach of Aurengzcbi'i Army,
findii>g himfelf in no Condition to oppofe fo great a Force,
he propofed to retire to the Kingdom of Arracart, which
lies to the South-F.aft of Bengal, but feparatcJ from it by
impalTable Mountains and Forrcils. The Portugueze^
who were then port'clTed of Chatigan, a Port near the
Mouth of the River Ganges, took upon them to tranl-
port the Sultan, with his Ticafuie, and Family thither •,
but, it is faid, il'i-y funk the Veflll in which the Money
and Jewels were, and afterwards converted them to their
own \J(<i. However that be, Sultan Sujah arrived Lie at
Arracan, though it might have been as happy for him
if he !iad periled at Sea with his Trcafurc \ for he had
not been long in the Court ol Arracan, before there hap-
pened fome Mifunderrtanding between him and tlie
Prince he lied to for Refuge \ and not only himfelf, buc
his Wivi s and Children were all cut to Fieces in the Year
1658. I'hus mifLTably died the fecond Son of Shah Jt'
han, who (iilt began the Rebellion againll his Father.

Sultn Chain., eldcll Son of Dam, .\ Prince of great
F.X[>edlation, Ifill remained fccurc from his Uncle's Cni-
elry in the Territories of the Rajah Sirmager, whom nei-
ther Threats nor Fromifcs could move to deliver him up.
But Aurtngzebe fo inlinuatcd himfelf into the Favour of
Sirmagtr'i Son, that he prevailed with him to betray Sul-
tan ChacH into his Hands > to which end, a Hunting*
Match was appointed, and Intelligence given in what
Fart of the Country they wovild hunt i whereupon an At-

" 10 he in'.crttd in the t.hronielc8 of the Mooul Empire, in order to exetufe this c ruelty. At Icall this i, ccrt-iin, that he c .ufed the Hi
'' t' :': Rcisn lo be rciinf d in fiich a M.-.niwr as m.glit g ve the lairell Colour poOible to the fjul Af tioiis ot >> hich he had been Ruilty.
"■aaPitrun'of jirjdi^ uus Abilities, it is vtrjr e.ily 10 couteivc that, by his ADiiUncc, a very plaullbk Accuiui: might be urawii up.

tach*

ii tl

P. »,

■S

I i

!:f-

11 ! ,

i^f.^

r-V

;f|.

64S

r/je HISTO RT of th

l'i:-f.

■■:-%

'i!^t' ■''■.

llipsT'iy

tachincnt oF tlic Mof.ul'^ Troop*; fornictl an Ambiifculp,
and carricil olF the your,^ I'rmcc, wlio was imi'rir.tiu\l in
tlic Ciftlc of GalUn, whIi liis I ^iiclc' .^/ira^/. It wa<^ not
long before lie rrniovt-l t!iat I'lincr out of liis Way •,
loine fay by a lorni of I .".w, iiiul.r rutcnre th.it !;o hiil
caiaal ail Oilkrr, fiiif by Shall Jdji, to ciiquiri- into hi^
Condui'^ to be inunlrral, wliioli, if tmr, was a wry
fmgular Ai'l in oncwl.o liai! r<'niiiiittal lo many Mur-
ilcrs himfilf i liiit, liowivtr it wa«, all Aiitlmrs agrte that
Sultan MirrJ vi.\?^, by his ()r(l(rs IHit ro lirath*.

It was now, in the J\i Igmrnt (if /ftii;-fi;^Z:-h, a fit
Time that lie flimikl be more fokmnly invdtcJ with the
tfovcrnmint. ami that ri-.eOmiahs ami other Ofiierr'. of the
Court, rtioulJ lake liie Oath', arii jmv tliiir Homage to
liim, ai wa>; ullially jiraclifid (v. eviry b.mpcrnr's Aeiel'-
liun. It was veiy woiiilcrfiil that, as Thino then llorut,
iitlurthis, or any tiling clfi-, IhruM Iv oppoled t an.i yrt
he mi t with foine Contraihotion, where he leait fxpteteil
It. In Ihorr, tiie Ca^li, or 1 1 a.l of tlie MtLtrnmrdan Kc-
iiljon iiUi-r:>olevl, ai-.d {lrilar(\t that, ai enn'in'^' to tlie I'ri -
Lcpts ol the Khoran, as well a^ the Ijw-, of Nature,
it was torl;iv!Jin to ai know l.-i!;>e liima-Kn-.jKror, wlii:.- hi'"
l-'aiher was Hill livii-;; ; ar^l ttie wl/ile b'.nipire was well
jf-iuirteil with the Varlvirous anj Motxly M-thi i!s by
wli'.cli he hai! o];er.r<1 a I'affage ro t!ie Throne. To rv-
njovi; this CXjlbele, he fumnionfil .in .Xfllmily ot Mollis
or Doctors of the .\:cla:vr^ej!»t Law, ro whom he jt.fti-
fiCd his Title, by niewiny that his leather was ftiprranu-
jitei', that his Bioiher had Ix-. n a I'or.iemner cl tlie 1 .;iw,
an^l a bavcurer rf liifkli Is, th.it he h:vt vi-tlatcil their iioly
Kel.giun by Jrinkieg NViu'-, ami h.i i 1 Peiipn rntireiy to
fjovirt the Cunftitmion, aiul irtuxlucc l^nlv.•lre^•; ts into
the AilminiiVstion ■, anl that it was only his /eai to fee
ii.c IVcepts rf their (Jrcat Prophet mainuir.cd, which
could have induced him to tike the (Jovfcmmrnt uiKin
IJm i bit the Caiii fill npiMfing his InauKuration, he
procured hini '.'i b" d< jx'kd, and a more lomplymg Hi£»h
i'nelt fukftitutvd in lis l^iKim, who, beinp convnecd by
his Aigumcnts or tinifud by his 1 rcops, nude no Op-
jiofition to his mount. iig the Throne. Thus this preat
i'oint was fettled to hi'' Sati^faftion ; and from this Iceond
Inaiiguratior, hr, by afperial Fdict, dircftcd they Ibouiil
reckon the Ycir^ ot !.i« R(i;~n. .Ml I'.irts of the b nipire
Icbinitta' to h.m, without the leall Dilptite, and all the
I'rinces, his Nci;^hbour», frnt to rompliment him upon
liis Arccflion, which, hosuver, i.. to l>e 5in<ierft>)0{| ol his
rirft takmc; the Ti:!e of I'mi^eror -, and out of rlie Niim-
l>cr of tl-.efc 1'nr.i.ts, we troll except the fiuiK.us Shah
/ii'lia:y at that lime Nfonarch of Prr/m, who, iiillrad of
tomplimiating irm on the aiqifninf» his t rown, rquo.ieh-
ed him witli Ins mar/ barlaroi.s Murders, ht. unnatural
lJcluv:ci r towards he I ather, aiul his Treachery towards
hi. Brethren. This Prjeee earned the Matter Kill farther
when Aurngreh lent a Minil^rto his Court, alxnit lomc
private A.^.air^, aiul, ar the fame Time, rhart^ed with
▼ery rieh Prifents for he eaiiKd the b.nvoy's Beard to lie
jniiitd up by the RtXJts and directed the I'refents to \x
bur.-.t. lie likewifc granted his I'nteAion to .ill th<- Mal-
cur.ttnu iJiat irthcd intu Pcrfia, and was preparing to
h.ive invaded the Jidns with a moll piwrrlul Army,
whm lie *as taken oft by Death, which, jicrha[)s, was
as fortunate .1:1 I'.vent lor jlurcng^zfbf as any in his
whole Reif;t', f.nce all Thiiu^s conlidered, fuch an in-
vafi< n nii(j,ht have l«en laf.il, m.t fo mueii from the
Powir of the Ptr/u:n!, as from the r,?ncral Dilcontmt
and l^ilTatidac'tion ui the IVopIc tlirou^hout all Jmhjitin,
wliii-h, however, wore ofV bydif/ces; lor, after he wa.s
'of.ce jvifHfed ot the I'mjire, and firmly cltabhflied in
th.it PoilcfTton, .If.m^ztbf i^overii'd as well as ar.y of liis
l'ridcc::il'.<rs, eljx.iully with re^-jtd tu the lummuii Peu-

'^'' Book I.

pie, towards whom he behaval with nuiih Miljneii, ami
Moderation, at the fame time tlwit he adiuimilrrj t,V u,
vernmcnt with f^reat VVildoiii and Julhce.

11. The feeond Coronation of' this Conqiuinr oj |„<
own I'amily, was iH-rforined on the filianth (;i May Ut
Ik- ordrnd his keij.n to b<.' dated lioin the iwduh ol t'lic
Month, m the Year <il the IU-,ra loO.j, and m the v'ur
ol our Ixml 10^0, when he w.is in the foitylirll Ve.iroi
his Age. Me aHumiHl, on this Oecalion, auor.'ire tu
the Cullom^ol the I'.mpire, a new Stik-, .wi.l caik>, hnu-
fell MohyO' Dhi Mohiwm,;l.itirt}i);zc-/'f .///.«'i;«/V, that :s
'ii'f Rci'ivfr cf R(ii,(ioii,M,\u\UHKi\ .Vureiifzcbe Civ
^iirrer of ih( n-crid. 1 his LH l',,, t ol Ins 1 ale rave grtj-
Dlienee to the yVe/,.-; M„n,irch, who thouiWu' tli.it ilc-
throning Ins bather, and muixknui; hii Hroilleis, dij not,
ly nny me.ins, give this new bmperor a Kiyiit tolt,|;!
himlelf Conqueror of theWoild. .^tn-:> :zil,; liowncr
(;avc himleit very little i rouble about wiiat otiiti- i';uu]c
I'lotiglit •, his Actions were entirely St.veincd by dirieca-
ptal .Maxiirs, wiiirh were tlicle': in.\, he liuu'.cj tli:
Khoian alV.duoully, was rxtttiiiely exact in the l:;xicnors
of Ktligu n, Ihewed infinite Keipect to ilie(.h"y, c
was remark.ibiy exact 111 doie'j; Jufha-, and. hranii^\aijks,
by whieii he engaged the blUvm of all the •/•a'iu'js ;l,V
/. cum f dans, ami ^Helerveii the .Ai.eCUoiis ol int Bulk of
his Subjects. The Iceond w.i-, to h.ive alw.iys a iiuint.
reus Army on loot, coir.ir.uided by luiuitll, f,jr i: w.i,
his Opinion thar, in all abliilutc (iuveir.ni(iit.s, l.c wliu
was at the 1 lead of the Army was, m [m>, jt the I hai
ot the bnipire. f lis thud .N'.ixiiii was to In abv.ivsaclu:-,
thiit thegt(.it O/ficers unda Mill ir.ij-.hi liiij loiil.ivhat ;j
("o, an<l not run iii;o Labaii for want el b.niplojmii;'.
He piilhcd ti.is la't I'rinciple lo far, th.it falhng iLoii ai
tei liis .Accell'ion ivdo a ilangerous llliiefs, iied le.inng that
lome Advantage n ight lie taken tiom ilicnce to trc.:;-
new Diihirbaneci 1.1 the d'ovurmcnt, lie caiilLJ liiniit;t
to bccairied to Cour-.eil 1:1 his lid, and bchaval liiinlUi
there with as much 1 einjier and I'.itifnie as when iic
was in [nrlcct Ikalth. Scnx: of the gitatM.r, Imc-
ver, either tiom real Concern, or to mak.- tiieir Cuuft to
him, eariKllly prciUil him to fp.uc tlus latigue, and to
take Cire of his I Kalth, widch was ol fo great Conli'-
quejice to the b.mpire ; to which Advice he gave this n-
markable Anlwer: " 'J'hat the lame l.^kI I'lovuicv;
" whieh h.id r.iil(d him to the Ciowis n quired lie lhcu..l
" l'p<nd his 1 imc in he..ne[! anil ledteii.r.g tiicGiicvaiiccN
" ot his Subjects I ami th..t Kings cealtd to be Kmp
" when they did not govun their Kint',eloni.s tlK•mlii^■ ,
*' but left tluir i'cople to Ix'divouieil by rapaeioui .M ■
'• nilleii. " It IS very prol^ble, that time was 111;;.;
of Uinimulatioii, and tittle oi .'iiniaity in tins Ar.l*ri,
but I beg Ixave to rem.iik, that 1:1 Oukr to be perU:,
we fliouki regard the .Sayings ol 1 !;. jioeMc!., aiiU iiiiiii:.;
the .Actions ot (»o«xl Men'.

1 he 1 r.Mtir,eiu whu i» old Shah yJ'.'fl nKt wii'i ait.;
this .Son of his was (;uittly li af d on tiie Ihroof, ^->
much lietttr tiiaii he hail received betote, v.iiich haJ IH
an I'.iU-il on the oiei .\I..ji, that he ineiy y,.ive iiim lo;;;.*
Jewels i>f prodigi uii Value, whith he lijui ihreateiitJ :j
bre.tk to pieces, and hkewiK- yielded his Conie:u tut."
Mariiage ol the new Kinperor wiiii lusNi^Vi thi;[)iUf>
ter (if .Sultan JJtira, by \s Inch lie was ;ii 1 hijKs of itrcngt.v
ening his '1 itle- to the b.fiipiic. Hut in the I'.iMll ol iii^i"
K'-gul.itionh, .iurfii^zei e could i;ot Oiviii liinudl ul iii>
Sulpu ions, but riinaiiuil under the utiimll .\;>j)rrli-niw.''>
ol his Cienerals wlio were con icijiis ol thoL WitkcJ .i'!'
by which he h.id taUitl liiiideit to tiie 1 urone, .imi \^"-
cularly of i-.uiir JhaU:, wh.-m he ai'.vaiiud, imked, w i-V
highell I'e.i.s HiiM.he 1 nipioycdiiiadiltant U .ir, coninuaJ-
uig him to iiiv«u« Uic IcintuiiCii't luc ii.v.»ii of ./■'-"'

' TtiC Mrf'l'*! hf »*"!« Ip JtflTnyihg thu Brother, dilcred * liirie rtom lh«l whKh lie 1»J pradiUj io*.ir4> Suiliui Dm j )ur h. not <a'.) P^""*-'
to rn:'x .vS.ietlRec <>f fi'tn ^■ the puhiitJi JiiKid or liic h-mym, Inii ducowl tliai i.c ihuuia 41c k, ittc lUic ui aicij.ci;;i vtt.idi, fur iwi i J-'^ ■
»a» Jcia ttj ihe Ha r wrrtf he wi> c..i.hi,ra, ji.d. .u 1 «nc Ly, iul l.m ti> lu> .-ilcrj . • .mi)'

-■ .■^> mutfi I liyfiiclr, ami w ditp a l>ilirii.bler »i ilm Mofloish wj>, tic ihnlc to avow tliitg* a'tcr tl.cy «trc .'orr, r,i J in::!td riiif'
tt/!'ju/ii ;,■ liui t.t vti. ililc lo give !.'.!i!i, 11. .r. I') lit- Met: <xii 1I1..I iiiigh< li.«vc Uai t.ii rii ciit.ci lo lu.iir.il, ui i llii:-c Cu' I 'ill. '',','" ;
'j < jnc; b.>i Nctefiity. I Vneis my rr.-u friiiaio-.i, .mi hr, v,en i j m.ikc tlie fc'Hi'a- »i my iaii^ iie bai py ; «iil tiiai 1 w^g-a 1j' .iWc w ,f^,"'"
l.ncr.:ian», I ■ M lucli and {»ch Strpt wric i.ecrlUj) ll » ■• noi |i.rtti„ic hj l.l../iif, liai I itCaa nuiny 111 ll..;, o; liul inu.Mi-,
\iht A)cn, tin: I nijht liwe 11 in my rower tu Oitw Jultite iiid ,\!etcy t j * wiiulv ,\jU>*i». X»a i. wii.ii ix u.i> n U..I1) u •'

l)ui I :»*■" '
I ir;i: jhr Aicn, tin: I nijnt iiwe it in my rower tu iiitw jultite iiifl ,\!etcy t j * wiiulv ,\jU>*i». I m.^ i. wu.ii i^e' ii-i) n U..11) u •'. "',"')''"''
l-i I* ui I l<if fciir., ill iJiC Mtltory o( liu ksit", ptiuna by liu urdcr ; ki.a 1. u my t.iiy lu tk^Ti-, tlul il.e iiuiic I xlj.'i. iu..> it '••■'-^ ^i ~'>
■ Man fjr aiy W .^<0' 'IS ...

«,.....

Chap. II.

^i^ M O G U L E M I> I R E.

649

which lie to the Eaftwanl of J9«r^<j/. Emir Jtmla being
a Man of umbitious Spirit, joyfully acceptcil the Com-
mand, projxjfir.g to extend his Loii<]uclls as tar as Oiina \
or, howtvcr, bting ac the i lead ot 16 powerlul an Army,
hoped M be in a Condition to give Laws to his Sovc-
aign. The Genetal met with great Succcls in the Begin-
ning of his Enterprizc. 'i he kajah o» /tcham was dettut^
rti, his Capital Cbamdara pmiulcrcil, and that Prince
forced to retire into the Mcuiuaiiis \ but the rainy Sealun
coming on (oonir than was exptctcd, the Country was
immediately overHowed. The Army of Emir Jemlu
found it very difficult to fubfift in their new Conqucil,
jiid not Icfs dilficuii to retreat i however. Emir 'JtmLi
did at length find Means to return into Bengal, of which
l»rovince he was Governor, propofing the neitt Ycur to
complcat his Conqucil of the Kingdom of Acbam; but
hij Army having contraftcd the Bloody-Flux in that wtt
Scafon, were moil of them fwept away, and among the
rell. Emir Jemhy to the great Satisfaction of /iurtng-
ztbc, who hardly looked upon himli:lf to be Emperor
while he lived. As this Officer was a Man of a very en-
tcrpriiing Genius, his Maftcr took the propercft Method
to be rid of him, by feeding his Vanity, and Iteming to
txpcd from his Zeal, Adbvity and Abilities, the Con-
qiicft even of the Empire of China, though he was fenfi-
bic, that the Countries which lay between him and that
Kingdom, were impaffable for great Armies, and there-
fore when Emir Jemla was dead, he made no farther At-
tempts on that Side -, but, to encourage others to ferve
him, he gave Mohammed, tiic Son of tlmir Jemla, all
his Father's Eftatt, which by the Laws of the Empire de-
volved to the Crown.

The next conlidcrable Ejtpedition in this Reign, wxs
agaiiill the I'iratc-s who inteltcd the Bay of Bengal, and
had fortified thtmlirlves at Chalagan, and other Places, on
the Mouths of the Ganges, anil in the Kingdom of /Ira-
(M, wh'ch lies contiguous to Bengal. Thclc Pirates con-
fided of Europeatu, or Franks, o\ ail Nations, but chief-
ly of Periugueze, who frequently made Slaves of the Mo-
giilj Subjcdts, burnt and plundered the frontier Towns,
and rendered both the Seas and the Sliores very unlate.
Againll thele, Attrengzebe fcnt another of his Generals,
wiio fupprcffcd the Pirates, and brought that Part of In-
dia under as peaceable and regular a Government, as any
other Part of the Empire. About the Beginning of the
Ytar 1666, there happened fomc Stirs in the Empire, oc-
cafioncd by the Ambition of fome of his own Children,
but coloured with the fair Pretences of Zeal for the Con-
l^itution of the Empire, and Pity for its lawful Monarch,
the unfortunate Shah Jehcn, which, however, had no
other Confequencc, than making the innocent old Man a
Victim to the I'trror of his cruel and unnatural Son, who,'
to I'parc himfelf any farther Trouble, nnd to take away
all luch Pretence- for the future, ordered the old Empe-
ror to be poilimcd at the Age ot Seventy- four'.

This, howtvcr, did not make him tiic calicr, or dif-
pofc his Sons to greater Obedience. Of thele, excluding
Sultan Moban:mii, who lived and died in Prifon •, he had
four, viz. Mohammed Maiizm, that is, the Illujirious, was ex-
eeflively ambitious, and began very early to form JXIlgns
againll his Father's Life 1 once he was very near tarry-
ing his Point i he caiifed a Pit to be dug very deep, in
the Place whcro his Father's Tent was to be pitched,
tthirli was fo well covered, tliat Aureugzcbe very narrow-
ly miU'd liein'j; buried in it, liir which Sultan Mohammed
was tor many Yrars confined in a Dungeon, where he cn-
i«y«lnot (o much as a Ray of Day- light. Shah /i's!««,
1. 1. the (JiorioHS, had ijkcwife cngaj^ed in Plots of the
lam- Nature, which provintr unfuccelsful, and he tearing
ilitv might come to Ix- dot- cled, fled to the King of ^V-
%a(r, where he remaiii'd till the Etlge of his Father's

Refentment was worn off. But the greateft Hazard thi
Emperor ever ran, was from the Ambition of Sultan Ak-
bar, whom he trulled with a great Army, in order to re*
ducc one of the Rajahs, who had rebelled j but the firft
News that the F:mperor heard, wa?, that his Son had
joined the Rebel, and that they were marching toward
him with fcventy-thoufand Horfe, and a proportionable
Number of Foot. Ihe Troops which Aurcrgz.be had
about him, were in no Capacity of difputing wich llich a
Force, and therefore he had recourfe to his old Artifice %
that^ IS to fay, he fent a Letter to the Prince, which he con-
triv'd the Rajah fliould intercept, wherein he commended
his Son's Conduft, in drawing the Army of the Idolaters
to that Place, afTuring him, he would advance the next
Day to luch a Poll, where, having the Rajah's Forces
between them, they might charge them on all Sides, and
that it was not pollible any of them Ihould efcape. The
Eunuch, by whom this Letter was fent, being brought
Prifoncr to the Camp by the Rajah's Out-guards, and
the Letter read among the O.f.cers of the Rajhpoots, oc-
cafioncd a terrible Confternation in the Rajah's Army, and
notwithflanding Sultan Akbar fwore on the Alcoran it was
a Contrivance of his Father's, he found it impolTible to
remove thofe Jtaloufies the Letter had created, which
gave die Mogul Time to reinforce his Troops. The Ra-
jah was attcrwards defeated, and Akbar fled with a Body
of four-thoufand Horfe to another Pagan Prince -, but be-
ing clofcly purfucd by his Father's Troops, was forced to
fly to the Piriugutze at Goa for Proteftion, who tranlport-
ed him to Per^a, where he was very kindly entertained by
tiieSliah, and afterwards, it is faid, married his Daughter;
nor tould the Mogul, eithci- by Threats or Promilcs, ever
procure him to be delivered up. Attrengzebe, howevcr»
tell upon the Rajah Seva, who had aflilled Akbar in his
Rebellion, and having taken fevcral of his Towns, be-
fieged him in his capital City of Gingy, but they held out
a Siege of many Yrars, nor was it taken while Seva
Hved, tho' the Mogui. in the mean Time, fubdued both
the Kingdoms of Vifia^our and Golcanda. The youngcit
of his Sons was Sultan Kambukjh, who had as much Am-
bition as any of the reft, but he knew better how to con-
ceal it, and therefore never took up Arms againll him,
but laboured all he could to gain his good Graces by
Flattery «.

In this Manner the Emperor fpent many Years of his
Life, without lofmg any Part of his Authority, which
was ip great Mcafure owing to his florid Health, and his
retaining the free and pcifcift Ufe of his Senl'es. In
order to preferve them, he led a Life as regular as that of
a relii^ious Perl'on, rcftrained by a certain Rule, and kept
his Pafiions under fuch Rcltraint, that he was never
known to fliew any Sign of an Alteration in his I'emper;
fo that there was no guclTing, either from his Counte-
r.antc, the Tone of his Voice, or from his Gefhires, at
T/hat paffed within. He loved Regularity extreamly, and
obferved it liimfelf with fuch Stridtnefs, that every body
about him knew his Duty, and knew when it was to be
}>erf()rmed j and all who had any Petitions to prefent, or
Coni['!ainr.s to make, knew when they might have Ad-
million. To gain Time for going through fuch a Variety
of Bufinefs, and that one thing might not interfere witii
another ; this was the Einperor s conftant Courfe of Life.
Early in the Morning, before Break of Day, he bathed,
and fpent fome Hours in his Devotions ; then having eaten
a little Rice, or Sweetmeats, Ihut himfelf up with his Secre-
taries, and before Noon, he gave publick Audience to his
Subjcds. After which he prayed again, and then went to
Dinner, his Table being furnilhed only with Rice, Herbs,
F'ruits or Sweetmeats -, for neither Flelh, or Filh, or any
llrong Liquors, were ever brought before him. In the
Afternoon he gave Audience again, which being over.

' Author, differ very nv.icl, m rcRnr.l to tl.i. Faft 1 for fome pofitively afTcrt, that he cot^relled h,5 Father to drink Poifon i and others that Shah
'. ..»J,uloloM AJar.Jthorcl,m.m.taN « hid. he had l„oupht upon lu.nlclf.yl>.. Vices. One thn.g is certain, that h,s being a l^got o the
■:..;v.,.„,,y.„ RJ.Rion. cxrofcd Au,,n. z,h to th. Hatred and C;.!un.n..-. ol the Miff.onr.r.c:;. T hey very « e 1 knew, that the ge;;er.,l L .ar.KUr ot
^i" l-fMco. «o ;ia .nike any thirg they hiJ of h.in believed i a>.d in .he Co.,Mc„ce of tnis. it .> very poH.Ue, they may have ch,,rg.d h,m w.ih

'''"'ih''Hrbv.' mr cl'thdrHrmccTrl.iMly Ihew, how much Fx:,..,r.Ir goes heynn.l Precept 1 for mctt cert,a.;..!y there never was a Father more e.ue-
'ulofh;,a,iWren, K'ucationtl:.,. A:n J-.,h, He did not lullo h.. So,..s. „aW,insto .he general Cullomot the Eart to rem.n.n ..11 (hey u ere
i'*n \!e„. nfthe , , m or Wn ,,c,,v A'lv.rt.nnn. but .ook Ore that .hey Ihould ..ot only be .nllrufled ,n the Sciences, but alio made a^luainted
«"!' tl<- WmM, Lxlfir th? Rr.li.M .-ire'l then, to ConncI, ,u,d tmrloved them in hi^ Ar..v:c., tho' tor hto*., Wcty he very leldom ttjikd thcdi
"•ii vilqenilc't coi.-,inaiid.. In Qiort, h« w..i a vcrj bid »\;an, v^lb vc;v ij^tta; .Abilities

S C ne

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li

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it ; S"

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•

6^9 ">

ne HISrORt of the

Book I.

he phyed f rhW and fourth Time. TIic Remaimler of
the Uuyt (iU two Motin after tt wu dark, he I'pent in the
privaie Concerns of hit Family, then he lumped, and
flfpt afterwanls only two Ho<irs; aUcr which, it is faid,
he read the /iUeran, and praye«t aimed all ihc rem^iinii)Q
I'an of the Night. And here wc have ;i. reni.irkable In-
rtancc of what vail Aiivortaj^o an nl>(lemiou» regular
Courfc of Lite is towiwds the jiKDCDring Health and long
I ifr, and renderiiig a I'rince fit tor the moll important
and intricate Aftaus •. for this hmporor, notwithllanding
he was an unwcarietl I iearer of Cautis, and conilantly di-
rcftcd the Affairs of lb rail an Minpirc, and conquered
fcvcral large Kingiion'.!i, lived witheuc cuntradting any
Dirtftnpcr, and neither his Juilgment, (jr Memory, were
at all impaired when he was near Ninety Years of Age.
'Ihii Regularity was not at all the KtU-cl either of Deeay
in his Conftitution, or of Repentance on account of pad l.i-
Ixrti'.s. He was altogether as trniperatc in the Vigour of
his Age as in the DrcTine of it, and from the fame Princi*
pies of Wililom, Moderation and PrwleiKe ■, for it is
related of him, that even in hii Youth, having fingled
•ut a young Lady in the Haram to lie with him one Night,
and (he h^ drefled and prepared herfetf to receive hei
Royal Lover, the King coming into the Apartments at
the apprimted Time, inllead ot going to Bed, fell to read-
ing, an.l between hts Books and his Dtvotions, palled the
whulc Night Without c\'er ukiug Notice of ihc expelling
I.aily. t le gratided, however, his A{^>etites, when they
were vety itrong, from the very iitme Motives th.it induced
him to reibrain them, that is to lay, that they might not
i!ifturbor didioc'l his Rcalun.

He cotHluifted his ConqucAs in the iam« manner, con
tenting hiinlirif for many Vcars vich the Tributes ci two
nci(;hbouring Kingdunis ; but at length finding it neccflary
to cmpkiy his Troops, and keep his Army in Aeiio. he
IU the Years 1685 »«d roHn, d«pnved the Kings «t yijia-
penr ami Gc.'cftnis, even of that Shadow of Sovereignty
which till then he had left (hem, aiKl bringing them Pri-
f)!ier^ to hisCaiin>, anntsed tJicir Kingdoms as Provinces
10 Iw I'.mpire, and app<j;ntcd Viceroys to govern them, in
which State thiy have continued ever fince. Theli; Con-
quell i pave y/tfr/;^f3/i»f the Sovereignly of moflot the other
petty Siatrs in the South o> the Ptninfula, t^ far as Cape
C^tKfrn, for theli- were fubjctft cr tributary to one or other
of ti.olc kings l)ct;)rr thr Great Mfigiil fubdutil thcni.
Thtre are indcetl lonie Rajalis or Pagan PrijKcs in the
Mountains, who llill govtrn their owu I'rojilc > but thele
IclJom think tit ti> attack vhe Mogul, ami are very wcH
litistic ;i if he will let the m reiMi:i at (^t^iict in their little
Princi|>alitie^. Some r>t ihem alio arc his AUies, and
a/Tirtni luni in the Conqucft of f/^.t/»»*r and CcUsmla,
i",d thcf;- arc fuflirrtd to retain tlieir ancient Jurildidion.
J lowrvrr, it may projxrly tmrti^ii be liiid, that the
i-rtJfMrc of the (.irr,it Mogul has no otlur Boiuuiarii-s
than the Ocean lo^«ards the South, for the Sca-Coalls are
gentrally in his Power, nor is tijerc any R.ijaii now kit
able to r^eei iiim in tlic Field, the<j'^h liimc few of thrm
may Ikulk in inacrelTible Mountains and boall to this Day
that they have not Ibbmitrcd to lus Amis.

it was in reducing ihvic Kintviom', and makinf^ frefli
Aa^flMMM to the hjopire, that this f^cat Mon.irch Ijient
hit 'I ime, arnl fpcnt it in a C'anijs anil in the Kickl. He
thoti{<ht tliai CNvry Palace, every Cadk*, had the Air ol a
P.-iton, and thtrelorc he f. Worn entered one, but when his
Arf'i.r-. would allow liini l^j tnucli it!l ; lie v,\i; c(jntrnt to
>.liy ibm' timet a confukTable Siv.ce in t!ic lams Camp, as
IKriiuIarly in that near Cal^dti ; after tlie Defeat of his
.S-iii .Suit to /iftkir, he remained no lef* than four Years.
}|»s Magni'kvnce apj)carcd, howevrr, as great in this in»-
iitary 1 it>, as if, like Ins Anccllor^, hr lud touiultd Cities,
«;ij uciUJ l'al.u«s •, for wlnn lie ile^aniptil at any time no
Icisthau one lii.ndrcd an;i twenty I'.lrpli.ints, one ilioulaml
and ti.'ii: Iniiiltni Carnrh, and Imir hiin.lied Carf, wire
cir.plt^cd ill tariyii'.f; ilit Koyal Tent., lJ.i;;,jjn'^e and Fut-

nitore, and thefe were always fenf awaw the Nirht before
the Ehiperor and every Omrah in the' Army haj a I'oii'
ble Suit o» Terns and Field tUjuipagc » lb that when t cv
came to their Ground the Camp was alw.ivs ready pi<cli'd
and Provilions of all kitul to be had as lii,n as the March
was over. It was by thefe extraordinary Precautions and
by a llr.rt Adherence to thct- Maxims, which from a llcjdv
Attention to the Situation ol things in tli.it Country hcai
firft laid tlown, thpt for fo many YcJirs he governed with
lb great Eafe fo vaft an I'jnpire, ami Iclt it not only entire
but very much extended to his Children. In one thinJ
only his Fortune taifcd him, which was in the War acaintl
Seva-Rfljab, commonly called by our Writers of 1 ravtk
and Voyages Srva^gi, of whom we have hitherto had lb
dark an Accotint, that it may not Iw ;»rrils to take this
Opportunity of letting it at once in a clear Light. J his
Seva was originally in the Service ol the King oU'iJmw
and would have perf«adeil him to have iinitnl witR other
Princes his NeigWioun, when y^rrtjfr,-^ fir|V attacked
their Countries bvdm he afcended the Ihrone ol the Mo-
guls : But that Prince would neither lifWn to his Advice
nor belkrve that it was given with any other Vnw ihan to
put himfelfat the Head of an Army, with which he mioht
attempt things to his Prtjudke. This unjull Sufpitioii had
a very bad V.ffeit, far it put the Kajah 'Sn<a iiiy)n f,!/ .,f
a Part ot hi* MallePs iXiminions* which wnh feme (,,k
adjacent Coikitnrs were confirmetd tb hiir tv /Imitzne -,
but when that Phnce hid detlnwihl his l-atlwr, and w,il
ellablifticd in the Empire, he was for dcpri\in;3 f *pf'
i^iva of wlut he had before (iiven him, in iir,U r m ai Mr.
thofc lotintries to hit Dominions, whi.h w is ti. .• Hr: ( nis
ot the War j for this Rajah Srja was as jr. a; a 1 itiaj.',
and a much betterMan, than the Fmixror i.inv :! ; and
by his Behaviour plainly provtil, that it t'le n't ol he
InJi4Ui Ptinccs hatl been Men tU like Cour.igi an : .Svinr,
their Kingdoms had never become l''rovmccsi.i tlieMugul
Fmpire. In order to accomplilh this l)f(ii»n, md remove
fo lonnidablc a Prince out of his Neiglibouiiiooti, Aurn^-
Xibt commanded his Uncle Cbajla-Khan^ with a miir,>ruL'j
Army, to march againll him -, upon which Kaj.ih iV.i rr-
tired to his Mountains, where he bid Detiaiwe to the \s\vrK
Forces of the Mogul, and was very near li;rprifini»Ct'.:/iS-
khan one Night in his Tent, having killti! !,is So:', jiij
woiinticd the General himfelt ; and in Ihort, he lo harralid
the Mogub Troops, that Civjla-Kiuin *as pl.u' to quit ihe
tnterprize, and return to his ( joveminent ot .!ur(ii^:_.:iri.
Uajali Stva loon after lormed a Project of l'ui|inziu;
Smot, a Port of the greatdl 1 radr in tiie Mog\ii's !>, : i-
nions. To cover his IX-figa, he marched with the ^'reitdl
Part of his Tr(x>p8 the diitct contrar)- way, ana whm Ai-
rtHgxeiit'i Forces were prejiaring to op|X)le him h', iif-
guifrd in the Habit of a Faquir, travelled to Sura: on
Foot, in order to view dw Avenues to that City, an 1 tirJ-
ing it a Pku.c not capable ot making any great l>tenc. , m
his Return to the Camp, he took with hun no inor um
tour thoufand Men, v/kU whom he marthcd with liit t
moll .Secrcfy aixi Expedition, inlbniuch Lint tiie (jcviriwr
h.id no Notice of he* Approach, uU he can wi;' S.J.:
of the Town, and then thouglit lie to retire into thrtitflf,
with the Garrilbo, aiid th: titfcfts of the 'reatut \a'u?.
The Inhabitana alio tori-.iok their Hoiiles, and lied rto
the Country, lb that tne Rajah had tho pliinJtnng urtot
the richell Towns in tl»c World tour iJa) » tt>(^ether, »it>
out any manner of Ojipofition, except w.haf lie met wnh
Irom the i:»ghjh ami J)it:ib 1 actc^ries, who having tm;^' tu
trttt a ftittery or two vt great Guns before thiir HoultS
fuvcd all their Lflefls 1 nor was h" prepared to attack t,ii;
Caftlcs, and therefore thought fu lo march olf witli 11;=
Plunder he had j^ot, wliu h ivas computed to amctnt in
(io!.!, Silvir, and Jewch, only to the Value ol direc Miw-
oils Stcihng at leail i for in the HouIj of one i>niij<w, .Mff-
chanr, It IS laid, he toumi twenty two Pound Wey^r*^'
llruiig IVail, belidts a great Cliiaiitity of ot.hers unpicar.! ••

•-■■-,.- This

•I,

Chap 11.

.vMt>G%X'^iiM p i

R k;X'

6$i

This Enterprize of 5«Mi'»wa» undertaken 'uijtfnutiy^
1664, and though Aurtngzthe mma piatied to the Heart to
Ice a little Tagaii I'rincc conteinmhtt Power, and plunder
his belt Towns at Pleafurc, he was not then, it feeou, in
a Conilition to call him to an Account, and therefore
thought fit to iliQe his Kercntmcnt ; nay, he extolled the
liirprizing of Sural as one of the grcateft Aftions that ever
was perlbrmed, and inlinuated to the Rajahs, who attended
ihe Court, that he was ambitious of feeing fo great a Hero,
ilefiring they would ufc their utraoit Art to invite_ him
into his Service, and gave them his Word he would protedt
him from all Violence. Scva hereupon ventured himfelf
and his Son in the Mogul's Camp, where they were received
at firi\ with all imaginable Careltes -, but after fonie Months,
oblerving a more than ordinary Coldnefs jn the Mogul's Be-
haviour to him, and having fomc Intimation that there was
a Dclign to difpatch him, he made his Efcapc, with his Son,
mto yi/iaptur, where he and his De(cendants maintained
long Wars with AurengzAt. That Monarch indeed out-
lived him, but was never able to reduce all his Country ;
and during the Confufions that happened after his Death,
the I'ollerity of this Indian Prince grew llrongcr, and more
powerful every Day, and ponly by ere^ing Forts in con-
venient Places, partly .by their Civilities to fuch as trade
with them, Iiavc edabliOied a Power, that it will not be
eafy to fubdue. Acconiing to the very latcft Accounts we
have from the Inditt% the prefent StbtH Rafab, who keeps
his Court at SeUara in Dtutm^ is a Defcendxnt of this Srja
Rajoh. He b a Prince of the MobaraMs or GanimSt who
have of late Years acquired a furpriziog. Power, making
great Inroads into the Mogul's Territories,) and levying a
Tribute from feveral Provinces. They have lately taken
the Ifland of Salfet^ the Cadle and Town of Bachaim, with
other I'laces from the Porlugutze ; and have above two
hundred thoufand Horfe in the Northern, Southern, and
inland Provinces.

But, to return to Aurengzebcy of whom we have not
much more to lay. As foon as he began to feel the £f-
iiifh of Age, and tiut his Strength was on the decay, he
rtfolved to fct his eldeft Son, Sultan Mohammed Mauzm^
at Liberty, and bedowcd upon him the Province cf In-
dcjhn. lie gave his fccond Son, Jzem, the Government
of Dtcan, and the Provinces depending upon it. To his
youngell Son he gave the new-conquered Provinces, and
Hicwed himfelf extremely Iblicitous about his Prcfcrvation.
A little before his Death, he was rediKed very low by a
dangerous Difeafc, whkh put all his Sons in Motion, and
ihewcd him plainly, that they regarded much more the
liximplc he had left them in his Condud, than the wife
and peaceable Leflbns he had tauglit them. He quieted
however thefe Dilturbaoccs i lor, his eldclt Son, in Obe-
iliencc to iiis Command, retired into bis Province, but
Sultan /kern continued to advance, yet with a fmall Body
c! T:oops however j and as if he came. to vifit his Father,
and to enouire after his Health, which the old Emperor
took very kindly, embraced him, andJcept him with. him
as long as he Hvcd, which was not above a few Months,
for he Wis now in a manner worn outj and yet his Senlb
remained vigorous to the laft.

He was then incamped in the Neighbourhood of
^limtdiiagur, in the Province of Dowktabadf where he
mpired on the Twenty-firft of February., 1707, having
reigned forty-eight Years, anti lived eighty-nine. We
irc told, by many Hidorians, that he lived to upwards of

a hwdrcd, which is a Miftakc i hut we muft not fay the xf
lame as to fuch Eaftern Authors as repoft tiiat he was up- .ij
wards of Ninety, for they reckon by lunar Years j »c» It
cording to which, he alio reigned above fifty Years, k -a
does not appear that he intended ainy of his Children* ,i
Ihould fuccecd him in the Whole of his Empire, not ouCh'l
of any Want of Aftcftion, or throUgli Envy of tliciC;,!)
Glory, but becaufe he judged it for their mutual Intereft,.W' :>
keep that Divifion wliLh had been made by him in hirf' [
Life-tiniie V yet he fore-law that this would never, takiii
Place, and therefore contented himfelf with propofjj-igit .il
as a Thing rcalbnabic and proper, but without any tx«. 1
prefs Command, which he knew would be to no Purpofcv- -1
Some of the old CaiJtains that were about him, were de(.;(/
firous that he fljoiild luvc declared his cldcft Son Sultan :i
Mohammed Matizm, hi) Succellbr, which, at firft, he j
declined •, and when urged further, he. could not help nv
telling them plainly, I .haVe done for him w'hat I can, fc ;.>
have made him Kii)g of :Iudt>ftaH\ if he will have an-,' J
thing more, he muft afk it of Almighty Go;!, in whol(tir|
Power it' is. As his Will is a very fingular Piece, an4;v.
may he of peculiar life, not only to the Hiftcry of the;;*
M«)gul, Empire, but in expUinuig the Charafter of its.;:R
Author, I thoiight it might riot be amifs to inffrt it hcrcp>J
efpccially .a$ ie Is as fliort 4s it is curiotis. : r f.^;.:- , :.. ;»))

A Tranflation of Auj<.e n g ^ e a a 'i Laft Wili.

.T//

-»

" ¥ CAME with empty Hands into the World, •nd.\«r
" I with empty Hands I quit it. Whoever of my fortunate; ii
" Children fhall chance to rule the Empire, let him nof :.
«« moleft Mshanmed Kambukjht Ihould he reft contented
«« with the two new Soiibahs. There cannot be a belter •>!
" Vizir than Emiral Omrah*. Let all the King's Ser- ,1
«' vants be true and liuthtul to Mohammed Jzm Skdb.
" Whoivcr Ihall chance to have the Empire, let him not
" turn out, or moleft thole born or bred up in my Houfo. -.
" If the Divifion, I formerly made, proves ai;r<:eab!e ta u
" my Children, it will prevent a great deal of Confulion >
" and Blood-fhed.

•' There are too imperial Scats, Jgra and Dcbly 1 t
'« Whoever fettles in yigra, may have the Province theie-
" of, Decan, M-iiva, and Guzurct ; and wi;o refiues at
" Dehly, may have Cabui, and the otiier Provinces. I
" came naked into the World, and naked I go out of it.
" Let no Enfigns, or Royal Pomp, accompany my Fu-. i
" neral. Let WrtW o'J»» Af/i^WjWhois faitiitui and trufty,:/
" convey my Corps to the Place of Shah Zen al din^, and
" make a Tomb for it in the fame Manner as is done for"
" Derveijbts. Let not my fortunate Children give th,enh>;'i.
" felvcs any Concern about a Monument. .Tu

•' There is, in my private Treafury, Fifty-fevcn thouj- .w
" fand, three hundred, and eighty-two Rupees, (whick, •
•' make Seven thoufand one hundred and fevehty.t<?0' i
" Pounds fifteen Shillings of our Money.),- Let a thou?:;,!?
♦« fand Rupees (which make One hundred and twenty;;?;^
" five Pounds of our Money) be diftributed among thiid;.
" Poor at my Funeral." ■;...■ .:. i j.u \t.?r-

■ hi\ :■. ^ •>7-- y.-.!l :£:!?

It is very remarkable, that this Monarch perfifted, tp
the laft, in maintaining his Character of i devout JV&*.'.
hammedan, and dcfpifcd, after Death, aW, thofe Honours •
which had been paid to his Prcdeceflbrs, aipiuch as he djii.;;
the Pomp and Magnificence, and tlK luxurious Plea furo$-

II i for they nuka Rajah St-va m nble PartiMn, whtreas in truth he sfled the Partizan only ns an under Charafter, that was recellaiy to make
'rince. When hii CofferJ were again exhaufted, he had Recourfe a fecond time to the fame Expedient, and, which is very extraordinary, he

RcUiioni J

•jiTU Prince, wften hiitolferj were acain -»-.».«», ..^ ■ ,, • i ^ j-- •

Mnunded the Sum he wanted, and fent the Citizens of Sural Word of the Day and Hour when he would tome to receive it, and performed it aj;am

>:-c Rfgard to the idiom of Languages, l.gnifiet Prim, M,mfi,r. Jhii great Officer, in the Court of the Mogul, has many luore 1 ules agreeab.8
i^_ i.^e I'omp of the Kalletn LanguaRe. He Is. for Kxample, Kited j The Security of Fortune and 'Lull worthy of t ic Eijpias Chief of the Omrahs
r^ "'l'(d ka„k J chofen among ti.e Khan, of (he High Court s Manager of the K mpire. and of i<« Riches ; Direiter of iti ^°f J""" ""^ 9jf^'' •
M.'itcr 01 (he Sword and Pen ; Exalter of the Standard and iinfign . Vizir of true Judgment i Prop of the tmpirc i Supreme Manager of its Aflair. j
''ieV.a(„io,„c;e„erali The Grateful KficiiJ. and Patron for all Viairs. . ..,,.,, . • , n ,u., Ti,i. r.- -/

'^'"-//.lignit.e^hierally, 'U, 0,m.m,at e/ Religiox, and M-JA, which fi^nificj King, » a T ale M«".t^V !f^«^'° ^.''y'-'*','' ./''";' "'

■■' »i> a rciiiatliable >V.7<rr«», who kept his Cell

rfirj that lie Ihould be iiitertij there.
I Ki' i|iiui, lu,,)^, , ^,fj^ ^]g,^ of yii^(u,g bik ToDtb, ef|>c

I near that City, and was buried tnere, which bung reil.or.ed a iaiitlititd Place.
. As this Prince was very zialous, or. at lc;,il pictei.dcJ to be lo, tor Moli >i
romb, efj«ciaIlyon the aSthof the Month Zi,. .-./.', whi-ii wa. the Oay he dicl

iaiiilititd Place, /ium^xtbi in his
mmedilin, thole of
1 on.

i!s :< ■ ij ■' • ,1 lit

lii

^^i

I.-, ^'i

..If!

• (

J I

f'l

'> iii

■ :1:

f : '<" :

!.?1

■■1

^5^

7y&^ HISrORT of the

Book I.

of their Palar« while living. 1 le thought, it ficms th.it
Po\k>r aivl I'l.allirc were inconijutiblc, and that the Ibr-
mer oiight ti) be preferred to the latur : 1 low far lie was
in the right I iirctcnd not to determine \ bur, moft cvi-
dini it iv ths: lie tooli the right Method to obtain what
he chofc, Ji.J to keep it wlien obtaimxl. His Govirn-
menf, with ref;:- el to his Siibjic^.s in g-neral, Wiis exaa
witliout SeVi-rity •, for, though lie improved the Hcvenurs
of the Empire, and took larc that the Govtrnors of thr
rtfptftivc Provinces Ihoultl pay into the InnK-rial Tn.i-
fury the Tributes levied upon tlic People, yet he a!fo t xik
care that there fliouiJ Ik none of that Extortion or Op-

Crcfllon wliich had been pracViied under the Reign of
is Father, but allowed all his Officers comixtcnt Salaries,
'and punidied them ftvercly, if they were guilty of any
Kxaiiions.

He kept up, in the feveral Provinces of his F'mpiri-,
an Army i-f tegular Troops, aiiiounting, in llorlV and
Foot, to upwarils of Nine hundred thoufind, who were
regularly paid and well difciphncd, fo that l;is Son'> wire i:i
Wa:u of StilditT':, when tin y tame, after his Death, to
difpii'e the SticccfTion. \n liis Fath-i's Time, the I'm-
pin- lonfilhd of twenty-three Pruvimes, th: Rev.nu'-s of
whiih amounfd to Twenty I v,-n Millions and a half of
our Mi.nry ; but, in the latter I'lid ot his Father's Tir;;r,
th. thrte, Provir.as of BaHh, kandabtir, and JJi,!(luiUhiiii
wef- toff, which j io,!uccd a R.vrnue of Six hindr'-d thni;
find IVK.nds ; aiid yet, at his Dcceali", he left his Doiiii-
ninn- in a b'f : Condiiinn than he found thtm, a^ wi'l
j»j)jx.i: fiom the foliowing fu'.ri-n'l Tabic of Pn.vincos,
snd tluir ReVcTUKS, whirh may be dejx'niled upon, a.vi
which will be of t;riat VCc in upJerlVinding ih:* lul f.q'i.nt
Pan. »f this Woric, as well as cdKr Books wliith treat of
the M.>2ul Empire.

"he Nineteen Old Soubahs, r. f. Provinces.

Names,

Tlib'i - -

Afra - •

.■'.<m-r - -

.V.chalsi .

Pto-hih - -

Juilih - •

Multcn - -

Calu! - -

Gr/7.'/r - -

Gnztral -

Beba - -
Sdiii! -

Wtra

Capitals. Revenues in Hams.
Dd.'i • - 1221030137

-yr.'.r - -

JffkilaJ -

l,:hr - .

ludib • -

Muhan - -

Calful - -

Striw^ar -

Patna - -
Tr.Ha - -

4;-,0-,4.:a4S

8261^2107

332J27829

2 '444^936

i6ioj<j.{54

22y9U397

Co7H9'35
4071 6k 00
91 j'ltiSio

.hrcij^abad 10J49451GO

- Eiignie

B:.fr -
Boreal! - ■
nJiTfa - -

Bittrabsi

Prtvnpcre -
'/offtrabai

403001658

Cl4'^!50OO

44S630000

^7^074370

I42820OOO

.■-rr^

I t.

.ou'J -

Tlie Two New Soubah...
liyderabttd i 1 1 j ; 60000

■V. i - ,

120;.«.S'7(i«40„r;. ^t-x^m^ a c6

1: rhe great Emperor, Aurtng-nh; hn\ no fooner
hrea'.ii! J h.. laft, than h;« Sons weic iinme<liately in Mo-
tKw,, id '>n;Tr, earh of them, to forrr hi^ Pafljgc to tiie
T (iK^ne It the 1 fe«(t of an Army. Mis ferond Son be;!;"
M tit- Sj>)r,hadfonvAdv.aniag'- ; he ulTumrd immcliatJy
ili the linfigns of the ImjicriaJ Dignity, tu,k the Title ol'
M-.ham-ned Az<rm Skit, 1. e Th gUrkus, (r, il!t,ftr:ot,s
Mon.trcb^ .-iii!, at the (umc I'inK. by the Advice of his
MiiuiUrf, pciUd (jiurds on the Ironticrj of the Pro-
vin.c. to [.revent any C'orrefjKirdencc between Iiis eM<.r
Brother arJ the fJrandccs of the durt. I le maile grt.it

"T!;: h3^ h(Tn »lv»vi acommoT Prifhcf in liiir Mog-jl Kmpii* where

Prcfents to the principal Miniftrrs and 0:liccrs in the At
my,aiu! much greater Promifes, in whichhc certainly acini
very wifely. Bur, Ix ing naturally of a haughty Temm hf
could not help fliewing it in the Iz-tters that he wpjtcto
the Rajahs, \n which he dililaimed their Aflidanf, biir
threatened, at the lame time, to punilh, with th- ut'molt
.Seventy, fuch at Ihould prcfumc to take the FieJd smipa
him. '^ '

His elder Brmher, Mtbnmmfd Mituzm, or, a. I,c ;,
commonly ttileil, by our European Writers (t- "n tlic Ti-
tle he afterwards alfumcd) Shib .Hum, i.e] King tf ,ht
/fcr!d, w.is tlvn \n Calmliftati^ the muW (iiilant hrtif
tlic I'.mpire -, but he loon raifed l-'orces fulTxieiit to put
him in a Condition to make gooil his Claim to the Km-
pire ; and t!ut Kindnefs and Alacrity with which hi rc-
icived every Boly, did him at much .Service as his Artm.
He wn5te fcvcral Letters to fuch (jovcrnors of Provinces
as he fupjxifed h'.ilt in his Intercll, impoinnj; his prra:
Rcj^nrd for their Perfons, .ind his Dcfirc tint "they would
rrmain neuter till the Empire was ellablilhed onaf(ttH
Kuun.iation, .intl make Ule of their Trou(is to prorciJt tli;
IVopIr in t!:eir rclj>ec>ivc Governments, trom the Mifcri.i
inc dent to a Civil War. This Advice they took very
k'n ily, ai'.d folhwed it very exa<ftfy. When Shub tilm
had advanced as far as Debh, that Capital, withuii: a.-v
.S.-rupl'-, «)|K-ncd her Gat* s to him, and he there fiMteil
himlelfrn the Throne of his Grandfather i'^'id ^ci.,)).

He marched from thepce towards . '^r^, ami on thr
Ranks of the River Cbim., both Armies vrnx. i'liat of
Sl:.:b .Ham conlilKd of i-o,con Hcir!-', arid 178,-^00
Foot, exclDfive of the Auxiliaries InrniJud hy the Kiiiiiu
and S'i.ih .itrm, had very near the larrr^ Fora-. The Bar-
tL- was fou,-l:t in the Midifle of the Mor.th u\ jum, wh

freat Obftin.icy on Ixjth Si Ics, and lali-d for nur [!.r;c
)'y,-, hit, at l(nf,th. Fortune dechreil in Favjur cf:.'^^;
ckler H other, an I Sld.> .istm U.'.\ the Kield, the Ouw.i
and Ins Fife tcgtthcr. .Some Writrrs tell n:, thjMvhr.i
he fourd himfclt furrcundcd, and I'v.ard one of Ins Bm-
th..-r*« .Sons calling out to take him aiiv. , he 'vas (o tranl-
po.-ted wi:h Rage and Defpair, that he killed hinill.'f
with his own Poniard, to .nvoid falling irto the Hands C.
his Enemies, of whom he is faid to ha\ e fl-iin t*eniy !>.-
fore he fell. This fingle Battle put an Fnd to the Di.''-
pute, and the Concjiicror entering .1;^ra in Triumph, al-
tended rhe 'Fhrone of his Father, an;! w.\% immei!;arr!/
owned for tlieir Emperor, by liich of his Brother's .M.:..-
Hers and Generals as efcaped from the Peteat ^

1 3. Sultan Mobammfd Mauzni, or Sl:.ib A him, affumcd,
on his mounting tlu Throne at .!gra, the Title dX-.vJ
0* din Bd'adr Sldh, i. e. '//■;• .ixjs of lidigm, ih if.f
valiant Monanh ; thence he is railed by o\ir Writer? fi.Ti-
ply Padour Sbdb. He declared Mcbamtiifd KhnlmPmz
Mi.niller, and Zu!/ei.ir Kban his !ligh Trrafurcr: Saidi
under this Rci"n thofe Offices were dillinft, though l>
tier many of the Mogul Emperors they had been cnjoyd
hy the fame Perfon. As foon as every thing was fttti^',
he formeil a Defign of attacking his furviving Brtnh;:,
ujwn what Provtxarion is not very clear ; but, it *.j:
lomc Writers relate of this Monarch be true, hewisr.w
rhr moft tenacious Man in the World of his Word.

After th.it great Battle, which gave him the I :"f ''1
he is reported to have been lb over-joyed, that he <.."-"-
the R.iJ3hs, who hat! alTilled him, whatever Proof. oiGr.:-
titude "they could jxjfnbly defire, and gave them .'inCf-
fi nt freely, to confider what they would alk. Alirrtci-
fulling among thcmfclvcs, they dclirtd liiin to guiit:li.ii
the irec ELxercife of their Religion, with leave tomii.i|
their Pagod', or Temple*, to exempt thetn tr'-i t' j
Caj)itation of Poll-Tax, wl-.ich Jurtii^Zil/f h.ad in::t!-
ujHHi them, to admit tliem toO/TicesanJ 1 auploynii ■'>;
and that with refpcdl to Culloins and 'I'nils, and f;fn>w...t
in all other Points, they might be treated in the fairs M-!^
ncr as Mobammedanu which Privileges wcri all tiai-C"
them by Babadr Hbdb, but they did not enji.y i.itra

'litixii ij hjvt li..i [In- Itj^i Lorrcfjyji.J^.iic.

I', if • '

, wlihout ViOon, no Ciufc i» frood. ind «llh it none i' ««■ ''.^■

'im ioi hu UwfuJ .Suvcftign 10 Di) , »i!ii wliom ici!nil*> '' »'"'•'■

■5 5-

Chap. II.

O G U L Em P I R

His Sons and Minifters reprefented to him with fo
much Eamcftncls, that he would thereby tleprive himfelf
of his principal Revenues, that his I'inantcs were exhauft-
ed, that he had Occafion tor Money to maintain tlie War
aga:; ' his Brother, that he would make the Kajalis and
Iilolatas too powcrtui, and that they might turn their Arms
agiinll him : To which they addal lb many other Reafons,
that they obliged him to revoke all the Grants he had made
to the Rajahs. 'J'hofc Princes rellnting the Violation of
his Word, took Arms, not to make War upon him with
their joint Forces, but to plunder and ravage the Cwntry,
as they do ftill without any Oppolltion, about their v^n
Territories, which are fituated in the Mountains. In the
mean time, Bahadr Shah, who could not then remedy it,
becaufe of the War he was engaged in, advanced into the
Dominions of his Brother, with an Army of fifty thou-
fand Horfe, and thirty thoufand Foot.

Khambukjby who was in the Neighbourhood of Hyde-
rabad, where he drew together the greatell Force he was
able, which, however, was far from being fuch as might
enable him to take the Field. All that he could do was
to fccure himfelf behind foine good Retrenchments j widi a
Handful of Troops he made a very glorious Defence, till,
at laft, over-powered by Numbers, his Army was defeated
and himfelf mortally wounded, and taken Friloner ; in
which Condition, however, he continued for one Day,
and then expired. Thus the whole Dominions of Au-
mgzihi were united under the Power of the eldeft of his
furviving Sons, of whofe Reign no farther Particu-
lars are recorded, except that he extinguilhed fome re-
ligious Difputes at Lahtr, which, otherwife, were like to
have excited a Rebellion. He enjoyed the Empire only
fix Years, and then died in a good old Age, univcrfally
regretted by his Subjedts '.

14. This Monarch no fooner expired, than a Civil
War was again kindled in the Empire, for Jehandar Shah,
Jtban Shah, and Raffeeib al Shan, Sons to Bahadr Shah,
having joined againft their Brother Azim al Shan, defeated
and killed him. His Treafure falling into the Hands of
Zulft(ar Khan, who was in Jehandar Shah's Intereft, they
marched againft the other two Brothers, Jeban Shah and
Raffeeib al Shan, ond having overcome them, put them to
Death. Their Deaths fecured the Empire to Jehandar
Shah, and Zulfeear Khan became his Vizir. He was a
weak Prince, and fo foolilhly fond of one of his Wives,
called Lai Koar, who was of an obfcurc, mean Parentage,
and a Singer by ProfelTion, that he endeavoured to fill the
Places of the greateft Truft and Honours in the Empire
with her bafe Relations, which fo difgufted Seyd Abdallah
Kl\tHy and Seyi Hojjfan Khan, two Brothers of great Au-
thority in the Empire, and who had a Body of choice
Troops, tliat they refolvcd to place Mohammed Furrukhfir
en the Throne.

This Prince, notwithftanding he had but little Treafure,
got Numbers to jom him. At firlV, he defeated Eaz 0' din,
jihnndar Shah's Son, antl atterwanls Jehandar Shah liim-
ftlf was defeated near Agra, and was obliged to fly, tho'
he luil near 1 00000 Horic and Foot.

Mibammed Furrukhfir, Son to Azim al Shan, being fet-
tled on the Throne, Seyd Abdallab Khan was made Vizir,
with the Title of Koteb al Muluck, and Jarba Vafa, that
is, Faithful Friend, and Hojfan Alt Khan made Mtr
Bvkbjbi, or Pay-marter-General, with the Title of Emir
cl Omra. The Emperor was only fo in Name, for thefc
two had the abfohjte Management of every thing > Fur-
rMjir, at laft, with the Advice, and at the Inftigation of
Khandoran and Mir Jumla, began to contrive Means to
eut off the two Brothers. They, on the other Hand,
^vfre intent on nothing fo much as inriching themfelves.
They turned out M-zrw al Mulluck trom his Govern-
ment of Decan, and llojfan Ali Kh.ui went thither him-
"■'f. At laft, the two Brothers findmg the Emperor jea-
lous of thcir'Power, refolved to remove him.and put a more
pallive Prince in his ftead. 1 Living got AJeet San^, the

^53

Maha Rajah, and the Emperor's Father-in-law, to joitl
them, they confined him, and fliortly after they blinded
him, by drawing a red-hot Wire over his Eyes ; and oti
the Cth of February, 1719, offering him a thoufand In-
dignities and Infults, put him to Death, all.r a Reign of
fevcn Years. It was in this Emperor's KLign, that the
Englipi Eaft-Jndia Coriipany obt,iini:d a Finnan, exempt-
ing them from paying any Duties in his Dominions ™.

The Seyds, after having thus traiteroufly and treache-
roudy deftroyed Furrukhfir, took Reffeeih al Daijat, Son
to Raffeeib al Shan out of the Caftle of Sdimgur, where
the Royal Family are confined, and placed him on the
Throne. He had not reigned above three Months before
they murdered him 5 and fending for^his Brother Raffceih
al Dowlat, placed him on the Throne, who, in a feW
Days afterwards died a natural Death, and was fuccecdcd
by the prefent Emperor. Nafr o* din Mohammed Shah,
Son to Jehan Sbab, who, being raifed to that Dignity by
the Seyd], Ho/an Ali Khan, and Abdalla Khan, they kepf
the Power fo much in their own Hands, that he had no-
thing except the Name of Emperor, which made hini
eagerly with for an Opportunity of making himfelf inde-
pendent, and revenging the Death of his Uncle's Son.

Mohammed Sbab, in Oilober, 1720, marched, with a
numerous Army, from Agra towards Decan, accompanied
by I/oJfan Ali Kban, and feveral Omrahs. When they
came to halt, after the firft Day's March, the Emperor
called a Divan, from which, after a Ihort Stay, he with-
drew. As foon as he was gone, Khandoran, and feveral
others ofthe principal Omrahs, who were btllafteftedto the
Royal Family, drew their Swords, and fdlling upon Hof-
fan Ali Khan, killed him, and two or three of his Friends.
When this was over, the Emperor thought no more of
his firft Expedition, but marched back with his Army td
Dehly, in order to cut off Seyd Abdellab Kban, the other
Brother, who was in that Capital, with a great Force,
and, who, hearing of his Brother's Murder, had taken out
Sultan Ibrahim, Son to Raffeeib Shan, and proclaimed
him Emperor, gathering together what Treafure he
could, and having broke to Pieces the famous Throne of
Shah Jehan, which coft eleven Millions of our Money, in
order to raife wherewithal to pay his Soldiers. By the
Help of this extraordinary Supply, he was very foon in a
Condition to look his Enemies in the Face, and, accord-
ingly, marched with fifty thoufand Horfe to give the Em-
peror Batde.

It was on the fecond oi November, 1720, that thofe Ar-
mies came to a general Engagement, and^ after an obfti-
nate and bloody Battle, Abdallab Kban's Forces were de-
feated, and himfelf dcfparately wounded, and taken Pri-
foner. The young Sultan, whom he had brought with
him to countenance his Rebellion, being taken, had no
other Puniftiment inflided on him, but being lent back
to his old Quarters the Caftle oi Sdimgur.

Upon this Viftory, the Emperor made great Rejoicings,
and appointed Mohammed Amin Khan Vizir, and returned
to Debit. Abdallab Kban being brought before him, the
Emperor faid to him, " T'raicor, fee what thou haft
" done !" To wliich he anfivertd, " I took you out of
«' Prifon, and gave you an Empire. My Brother being
" murdered by your Order, as 1 was at thi Head of an
" Army, Scll-prefervation dircdcd me to make Ufe of
" it i Providence decreed you the ViiSlory, ufe it as you
" think proper, by treating this Clay as your Rcfcntment
" or Intereft may prompt you." Then the Emperor faid
to him, " What Mmn hiA Furrukhfir done to you ?"
To which he anfwered -, " He grew jealous of mine and
" my Brother's Power 1 and, as it was inconfiftcnt with
" our Intereft to relign it into his Hands, we thought J it
•' dangerous to lofe any time in removing him. Had
" Providence permitted us to have bcon lo prudent hi-
" therto, we Ihould not have come to this tragical End ;
" but when Fate deftines one to Ruin, it begins by blind-
•' ing the Eyes of his Underltanding." Then the Emperor

' \\'<: havt not. fmcc this Frnperor's Reign, had any diftinrt Account in ^»«;^^of what has pad in this r.mpire, and therefore the Reader mutt be
content With a veryfummary ReUtion o( tliull: M.>ttcri here ; and indeed thefe Keigni tliemfeira are fo (hort. tint, except their Begmniiigs and t-nU-
lug', ilicy contain little oriiothinR wottliv of Notice. , ., ,, , .r i;/--. d.;„- >)..»

" 'n,i> Firman, or Imperial Decree, is dited on the ^tli of the Month Safn, in the fifth Ycirof the I.mperor momm,dFunuH-Jir s R«'Sn. that
is «n tie 6th of Unuan, 171617. It « .r^ (bllicitM by Mr. -John Surman, and an J,mt«iaii Merchant, on the Behalt of the EaJI-Mia t.ora-
P'ni', t.) whom it' is a i'lling of great LoiJctJucncc, aiu!, at the fame time highly honourable lor the Ea^lijh Nation,
Numb. 4,^. 8 D ^^'.

* t ■"

iM'i'Pi' b'^

i!l

.::

f ..: ill-

Pi'

1 J'

fife' ^

654

7/6^ Hisro RT of the

Book I.

ordered him to \x confined, and four Servants allowed to " mc to Ix- a f.utliful Sorv.int, you laid afulf the Ixwd
attend him, and faiii, " As for the young Sultan, he is " tion. and returiicil to DtbN, where, Ix-inufcttld m ,1'
» not to blame 1 Ihould he Ix- puniflied, it would dillrad " Satislai'tion ot all I'tojile, yim liav.- miw comlHlnV I

" his poor Mother, kt him remain with her." .• .,, .1..1,. u ..- .1 .1 .

In tonkquentc ol the great Scrvicrs rcndertnl him \'\iim
this Occalion, the Kmpcror preferred all who hail been
adive, either in killing Uojj.m, or in the War that fol-
lowed againft .Ihda'J.ih. Khamkran was made High

'• to d.ltinguilh me, the mejmll i,t yuur Slaves wtl
" thisfxtraordiiiaiy Maik of yotir Kav.nir, »|i,c|,'ton'v

;th
decline, as Ivni.wmn mylill' imi(iii.il tliactoI'Viuj Xl
manv .ihuut your Couit, ti„.r. capable aid
I liiih an r.niiiloyniciit than I, "
freafurt r, with the Title of Emir al Omra, anil SirhuilinJ But tlmu^h he rrlulril to loinc to Li)Uit, he Hil| con.

• Ijifak at large nued in I'lillcflion of the (iovrrnincnt of /V,,,«j ,„^j,r'.

A7v»)f, of whom wc fhall hive Occal'ion to . _

hereafter, was lint tor from Cabul, and appointed one of he atknowlalgi-d himldl .1 Subju'l, yet he nml- nokim, .
the Vizirs. It was upon this fini;ular Krvolution, that the tances to Court, but appiiipiiatid the Ktvciuic* to the rc-
Motherofthc Kmix-ror Mohammed Funukhjir, AimnnAcA maintaining oi an Army, which he laid, waj to keep 1,
that M'datUb Kktn flioukl be delircud up to her as the Awe the M,ih.irMirt>, or d.iHimi, the s.ibou Rajahs, Lb-
Murdertrof her Son-, but the Kmpcror refufcd to roin- jf^s in /),.<;», whom iiutwiihllainiing he iKrnm'ttll' to
ply with her Demand, telling her that his Brother had al- i'IuiuIt wA lay wallc k-vd.il or the iMuiK-rur's I'rovinees
ready fuffercd for that OtTencr, and therefore he would Th.y imi-orid a Inhun- o| one tjiMiicr pait ot the Re-
notlacrifice two Lives to expiate the l^lsofone. But this venues which tluy call Chi, in niany l>\.^^:^.^^ ^^j ,-^,,|,
was not all, for he tn-ateJ hi'* Frifoner not only with Nu- Parts ihry have taken cnfiicly to ilinnl.lves. He ^ ||
manity, but with moll furprifing Kindnefs, m (iratitudc, knew, that with the Mihar.itUf Adiil.i'icc, hecoulildciy
as it may be pnl'unied, tor the Kefind tormerly lluwn any Attempf. that could Ix- nude anainll hiin from Court,
him; for he ordered that /Ihdrtllab W<t« Ihould lixigc in The Cluraffer ot this Man is tiiily linf^uiar, anil dV
in the Palace of Jftf al Dtndai, have a Pcniion of tiiree feives to be l>otli wnttr and read with CiriumfpfCiioni
thoufand Rujiecs monthly, thirty houlhold Servants, fe- he had not only great I'ower, but a very coiDprchcnfivc
Vfn:y menial ones with I'rovifions of all kind fn>m the (Jeiuus, and was not lu much iiilbn|j;uilhed by his Situ-
Royal Kitch'-n, five Wom-n to anuile him, and pro;^cr tion in the World, as by his great Mem anil wumkrtul
Guardi over him. I Ic tlid not livr long to ifijuy this Capacity j but the Header is tooblirvi, thit Decan is :o
Bcnerous Allow.ii ce, dying a few Montns afterwaul'; of Dn.'t or .Igra, wh.it the moll dillaiit I'art of /fa/a u
his Wounds. I-'ivc and forty Women, moll of them, his AVo/.j*./ is to /.«>Mo«f, and Uich as paK'd the bell Fjrt ot
Wives and Concubines, and fome of them his n..:r Ke- their 1 inir there, are not the litictl to be ni.ule Dancini'-
Ittions, burnt theii.iLlves in one Koom the Night alter he Mailers when they lome to Couit. Oui (lovcrnor hjii^a

g.Kxl 1 |ea>l, but Ipoke it Iccms in a Country Tone, cllIJ
cxrcutc the l-uiu'hons ol a Statelnun or a lieneral, l,t
woukt pfilups have iiuile a lad l-igure, it obligul ro
open a Hall. In Compliment lo Ins I'owcr, hcwaiw.li
mucli aJ.o forced up to Ciiuit, wli n tli.- l.:iipcror'( Al-
fairs were in a very dfi lining \V,iy, ami he was prelcrred
to the lirfl Place in fhe (Joveriinient. All this, however,
was meer Shew -, for behind his IWk, the Courtiers mjJc

died.

One cannot hut fibfcrve here, how ftr::ngv|y even the wild-
eft and woril-fouiuleil Culloir.s fpna:!, and th.n too aivu'ill
al! the Principles 01' Religion, Kc.ilon, dn<\ commo.i .i.nle.
In ancient 'I ime«, n'.nc but t!ic Wivos of Ilranii»<, or
I>tJ:aH Priei'.», luil the Piivileges of bo'ninp tlicrnltlvis
with their deceafcd I lu'bands ■, but fincc the iiovrrr.nicnt
fell i.-'to the I lands of the Rajafcui.', 'tis cullomarv. when

any of tlitir Princes liie, ft r one or mori- of their U .vn to a Jell of him, ajul t uuld llarce forliear .itfronting li;m to
Isc burnt with him. Tiirre is nn C^mi'ulfion to tins Sacri- his Face. I le aC^ed at titll as lK\aine a Man of Hoiiujri
ficc as lijme People grouiidiehly imagine, it i.s er.t rely of he tixjk an Op|H)rtuniiy to lay Ixtoie the Ivmperor a true
th'ir own Accord, and often t.hey are ililur.dcd trom it; State of his Affairs, and the Neertlity of his nuking j
fumetime*, indeed, svhen a v.iin-glorif-us Paffioii prevails thorougli Change in his AdmirillMtion, if he munt toui-
over natural .Aflcition, the Widow's Kelati.ins woul I gladly joy the Fortune, as well ,is the I'hrone of Jurcngzihi.
have her bur;. heriVlt, as it tailes the V liaracter ot her Fa- The F.mperor told his Favoiiiites of this, who madca
mily, by making it remarkable lor virtuous and loving Jeft of this Statelman's old tafluoncd Notions, and n-
Women -, yet, according to their Religion, it is more me- doubled their Imptitmences, as to his (lownijh Ikhaviow,
ritoricus to beluvr chaiUy and diteiuly in their Widow- which pii|ucd him at lal^ to that Dtgra-, as lomakchiiu
hcxxl until IXath, tlian burni-g. Iiecaufe one is but a (hort refolvc upon faciilicing fuch a Nell ot Fools and Knaves
Pain, and the ot'yr i State ol Trial. The Moguls have without confidfnng that his Sovereign mull be facnticcd
endeavoi."-d to ,!ikour.ige thisCullcm .is much as [wHiblei with Uiem. He firft pio|x»lld \wi Scheme to the Vizir,
bur fli.t ' Money is omni|xjtent in thtt Country, as well as their Families l)eing allied \ but he KJedeil it on this ho-
m many others, a fmall B^ibe generally punhalts the Con- ntll Principle, that the I'ubliik ought not to U" given up
f.i t ot the Governor or commanding Olliccr. 1 -itely the to gratify private I'reiudiies, S.zan al Mulmk, W^'*'--
Fryd and Pt.'uvi I '.imilies ", in feveral Parts ot /iiJt.!, have vcr, found tnough to join with him in his Scheme, for 1
thro' their exceflivc Pride got into tins Cullom, and as it is wanton Court will never tail of railing a Multitude c!
ftrialy forbiJden by th; ir Rv'igion 'which is the Mobam- Male<ontenti, and fiKh is the Nature of Men, that t.''.;:
tntdan) they do it privately, by letting an Apartment on far greater Part of them employ tlieir Rralon only to gn-
Fire aiviut their !-.ars. tify their Helenimrnts. Su< h therefore as Itll in with th;

In the Year \-ji\-2, the I'mj-rrnr wrote to h'tzam al Sehenus ot this dilgullal Statelm.ui, reloivtil to caii 1.1
Mulinr, thMi.it DctM, viuinng liii I'irkr.ie at Court, and Nadir Hbab, to well known in hurope by the Name 01
thv !.- would .ipjxtnt liim Vizit •, Y>u\ it he decline 1 it, he 'Ibam,u K;u!i Kban, in older to loiire the Court, or in plain
fhould norr.itate whomlocvcr he (houi.l )ud;^e to be the
moll deleivmg : T.> which h'.' anlwrrcd, " I am i Der-
•' rcyA, and i\ :i ambitiiv js ot li) high a StatifJii j I was
•' cuntcr.teJ witii the Province ot Maiva, v/\Kn the Seydj
" intending to iLiltel's iiu, I \v.is o! !i ;••,! to take Arms.
" I!y the Divine Aikilamc I baffl-d (heir IXfigns, and
" k cured myliit. .\t lall your .\!.i|e!ly, by their Inftiga-
" tiotis, let out a:;a:nd mc with a mi;;h;y Army. Here
" the .Almlplity piorccted me iik'-wifc. In the Begin-

E»g/ijb, to rid thrmlrlvcs ot a weak and corrupt MiniiM',
as vain and inluleiu m their Abult ot i'owir, js th.y w.'.'i-'
intajMble of managing it tor tiie ilonoui ot their I'm;.,
or the Bene ht ot his .SubjeCls. Ttius tins great Ki'ipir''
was betrayed, and rxjxilid to numlKrlels M.lcliiels, pur.-
ly to gratify the Keleiiiiiients of a lew, wlio, to rcvcu;
their own Wrongs, cared not what they brought ui\iii
their Country.

., , , . . _-„-.. It mull Ix- allowed, however, that thry rhofc a !•:

•• ning, one of the IJrotheri wis killed, and as you knew Time, and a fit IVrloii, for executing their wnkcJ IV

" I (ln;i liilf thi» Opportu' ity of obfcrvini;. ih».' the iUinr Piropic men'iOnfd in iniifnt Wnlcti by ihc N.inir nf PriHimi, «tf imw calW ^ •"'
»ftd all it.c NorllifM f: rif ol' hJiM, Uii ii'cie r^jtiiiUy luch it -re niountainouf, »i« mjuliiird bi I iiU'i iil llitl* Pri)|i|c, I licy >" ""' ""^'^'l'
I'lMuii. tiut ifc (tcfccniicd I'.om ihe My-H>m'iria : , i.'ui bfjjjii \> elUhlilh Uifmltlve* in llifle LDanlrfi lioiii /><*i« iiiid f.i \f' ""■/ •''•''>■
Irjvf. ii.idy. |ij!,ctii. ni i live |\- '(I'l i ji.,1 .1 wi> iliry iSit, .inilrr thr Coimnii il ol Mr /'i,«, iir, «« wr (•miilnnlv, ih')' vfry f" "i"' .)
Iliin Mtriut I sn.l t-.s bin. maJt thrnfe.vci tt: .1 iu.«' iwi M»l\«r, of I'ir/ij, out iil Kliich tlif) nei« dtpv»ii 111 ihe MfjiiininK ul I"' tiW "•* '"'"'
XW. ICkat, (u *huiii, hoACfcr, the; gtnc j ^jrcii dai ul I'roubU aflcrwarJi m ilir I'loviiiic ol Kji>U<»<

pole,

Chap. II.

Mogul Empire.

^S5

wk, which they accomnlilh'd to the utmoft, NaJir
uJ, having fully eftabli(hed himftif, anil fettlcil his
Artiirs in I'trjia, he left his Son Rtza Kuli Miza to corn-
nurd there, and fet cut witli his Army towards Kanda-
kr. lloffiin-KboH, tlie Governor thcreot, having laid up
mat Stores of Provifions and Ammunition, held out for
tightren Months; at laft l)eing reduced to Straits, he falii-
tii out with his Men, moll o\ whom died bravely fight-
ing, Uoj[ein-Khan and his Son being taken Prifoners,
ihe Pnfms entered the Caftlc, and took Poflcfllon thcrc-
„(, While Nadir Sbah wa bufy in fccuringand fortifying
Kimddtir, and bringing over to him the Zemidars' of thofc
I'arts, L-ettcrs came from Nizam al Muluck, and SarnJi:-
j^an, inviting him to march towards Indojlan. In an-
fwcr to which, he objtftcd the Difficulties of getting tliro'
the Defile?, paffing the great Rivers, and the many En-
counters he muft cxptft to havp with the Afghans, and
tlic warlike Nations of thofc Parts. The Oppofition he
nnift cxpeft from Nadir- Khan, SoubahJar of Caiul, and
Ztiijria- Ktan, Ruler of Labor-, and laft of all, his Fate
to depend on his Succefs againft a powerful Imperial
Army. They loon fatisficd him how unneceflary his
Fears were, and that before he crolTcd the Ailock, he
Ihnuld have a Proof how able they were, and how much
inclined to facilitate his PalTage. Being encouraged by
thofc RL'prefcniations, he fet out with an Army of 125,000
llorfc, Ktizzltbajh, Georgians, Turks, Kborafanians, Balk-
hu, kc. all inured to Fatigues and llardlhips ; they were
well provided for this Expedition, and greatly cncpuraged
thereto by the Mopes he gave them of not only enriching
themfclvcs, but of bringing Wealth and (ilory to their im-
pvirill'.ed Country, by the Plunder of India. In the
mean Time, Nizam al Muluck and SaaJil-Khan ufed all
thiir Endeavours fecretly to promote his Intereft, and
wroie to Sbtrzitb Kiai:, Governor of the Caftle of Cahil,
and Maur-Kban, Soubahdar of that Province, as alfo to
Zikaria-Kban, Ruler of the Province of Labor, to this
Purport i " Nadir Sbah, being throughly informed of
" tiic State of Affairs in India, and that his Imperial Ma-
" jelly and favourite Courtiers employ their Time in Wine
" and Women, has come to a Refolution to ftrike a
" Blow at this Empire. You well know, that none of
" the great Ones here are fit to take the Field, much le&
" to refill a Man who is condut^ed by Fortune. As this
" is the Cafe, you can have little Hopes of AlTiftance
" from hence •, the belt you cando, will be tobehavedifcreet-
" ly and fave yourfelves. " Thefc Letters cooled them
pretty much, and had the defired Elfcifl with Nadir-Kban
and Ztkaria-Khan. Nadir Shah having fubdued Gborbund
and Gkznavi, anil garrifoned them with his own People,
came to Calul and bi-fieged it. Nain-Kban had left it,
and matched to Piiflm, but Shrzib-Kbim defended both
the City and Callle for fix Weeks, with the utmoft Bra-
very, and wrote repeatedly to Nadir-Kban, and to Court,
fur AlTiftance •, but none coming, both City and Callle
were at lall taken by Storm, and he and his Son were put
Uo Death.

Nadir Shah found Treafure, Jewels, Arms, (^c. to a
gnat Value, which, fincc the Great Mogul Babar's Time,
iiari been (hut up in Vaults. When the taking of Cabul
was known at Court, the I'.mpcror gave Orders to get his
Troops in Readincfs, aiid provide all things neceflary for
taking the Field. As Rajah 7'^'f w'^' '""'''■' attached to
Khandoran than to any of the other Omrahs, he repeatedly
wrote to him to this Purport : " Nadir Sbub's coming is
" a concerted thing, you muft be watchful over the Mo-
" '^u\ Omrahs, who feeni to be united in order to compafs
" lume treacherous Defigii Nadir-Kban and Sherzib-Kban
" are gone ; one has Ikriticed his Life to his Interefl, and
" the other has Ikil 10 P^/)iiicr. l( Zekaraia-Kban, Ruler of
" I^bcr, makes ;;iiy Oppofition, it will give the Empe-

" ror's Army Time to advance pretty far. In order to check
•• this Invader ; as for us Rajapouts, we arc ready to join
" the Royal Enfigns." Khandoran knowing him to be
well affcdted, reprefented this to the Emperor, and told
him, it would be very imprudent in him to leave the Car
pital, and take the Held ; however, it was at laft agreed,
that the Army fliould march to Labor, that the Emperor
fhould accompany it lb far, and that from thence it fliould
proceed towards Cabul, under the Command of Nizan al
Muluck, and the other two Omrahs •, for which Purpofe the
Peijhkhana was ordered out to the Gardens of Shalimar \
but after it was fent thither, to every body's Surprize,
Khandoran came back to the Palace, and delayed the
March, whereas Nizam fccmed to be for haftening it all in
his Power.

The Emperor's .Servants, as they knew Khandoran » to
be attached to their Mafter, contrived all the Impediments
they could think of-, fo that Nadir Sbah had not only Time
to fecure Cabul, but was far advanced in his March to
Peijhor, where the Afghans and Mountaineers very much
incommoded him, and Kept hiiti in Play for feven Weeks t
in which Time he had a great many Men wounded
and killed, feeing there was no way for forcing the PaiTes
without much Blood-ftied, and that the Afghans had forti-
fied themfelves on the Tops of the Hills, he fent them
Officers of Accommodation, to which they came into the
more readily, as the Soubahdars had fent no Affiftancc,
and that they had been four or five Years without receiving
any of their ufual Allowance from Court. Upon Nadir
Sbah's paying them a certain Sum of Money, they not only
let him pafs unmolefted, but feveral of them lifted in his
Army •, the other Afghans hearing of this, followed their
Example ; fo leaving the main Army behind, with ten
thoufand chofen Horfe, Kuzzlibofh, in feven Days he got
to Peifhor. Nadir Kban, who with feven thoufand Horfe
had encamped without the City, not imagining he could
get through the Paflcs fo foon, upon hearing of his Ap-
proach with fo large a Body of Hoife, was greatly per-
plexed, feveral of his Auxiliaries left him, and few befidcs
the King's Men ftood by him, who, after a brave Refift-
ance, were defeated, and Nadir-Kban taken Prifoner. Some
Afghans, who waiting the Event, were polled on the
Hills, feeing Nadir Sbah prevail, came and offered him
their Service ; after this Viftory he entered Peifhor, and
took Poffeffion thereof.

When the News of this Defeat came to the Court, Nixan
al Muluk, Khandoran, Zammir 3 din Kban, and the other
Omrahs, according to tlie King's Orders, on the fecond of
January 1738-9, marched out with anumerous Army, a
large Train of Artillery, and other NecefTaries, in order to
oppofe this Conqueror, and halted at the Gardens of Sha-
limar, Nizam, who was the Contriver of this Storm, en-
deavoured all he could to prepofTcfs the Minds of the Sol-
diers with a Terror of Nadir-Shah's Forces, and how vain
it was to refift him, and at the fame time amufed them, to
divert their going too far forward ; but the King iflued out
Orders, that Nizam, and the other Omrahs, Ihould ad-
vance with all Expedition, himfelf intending to follow
foon after them. Nizam al Muluck, and the reft, accord-
ing to thcfe Orders, marched on, and encamped in the
Plains of Karnal, which is fifty-five Cofs diftant from
Debit. The Emperor alfo let out the 18th of January
1738-9, and on the 4th of February joined them. Nadir
Shah having thrown a good Garrilbn intp Peifhor, palfed
the River Allok, and inarched on dircftly towards Labor,
the Governor of which had fortified the Place with great
Diligence, and feemcd difpofed to defend it to the laft Ex-
tremity ; but as he was in the Secret of Affairs, ujwn the
Approach of the Per/tan Army, he abandoned the Town,
and retired into the Caftle, which he held out no more than
three Days.

' It will be nfceflJry tc explain thi> WorJ, and in order to make tlie Re.ider perfcflly comprehend it, we muft obfen-e, That Oar fignifies as Pof-

V'^^ii, -liJ, M* ui- ihA\ (cc iicicatter, drew on hi* own Kuin aud Death.

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The HISrORr of the

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It was natural to f xpcift, tint \toiammtd Shah (houlil
fomc w.iy or (ithir Ik acqiuintfJ witli the Motivis that had
iriiluccil thi< IiivaCion ot hi* IXjiinnions, ami accorilingly
tij.lir Sbab wrote hiiu a Ixttrr, il.iteil in tht' miiiiilc of
//•ffK//, in whii h he tt lis him, that he canir out of pure
Fi icnillliip, havmii hcanl tiut .» 1 1.iniiful of lurliaroin Peo-
ple hill prcfiinml to harral* fcvcral of the I'roviiirrs of his
kmpirr, and to lay his SubjcJli iiiulcr Coiitrilnjti.tn, wliich
were thinm unworthy of lo fv^cat a Monari h to brar, and
from which he was come with an Army to reftue ami rr-
licvc hitn. The F.mperor, however, took up Arnn, and
feemed determined to meet him in the Full \ but the Oif-
fHitcs and Heart-burnings among his MinilKrs continued.
As for KhanJcran, he wxs fincerety in his Intcrtft, thougli
milViken in his I'olitiiks \ aiul now hf law that the F.mpire
was to be faved by fighting, he did his utmoft towards car-
rying on the War i but the Misfortune was, that the F.m-
peror confided moft in Mizam at Muluck, as indeed he was
the lv:l\ OlTicer in his Service i but it cannot be fuppofed,
that he, who had been the Author of the War, and had
drawn NaJir Stah into his Mailer's Dominions, (hould Ik
forward to oppole him •. yet he marched with the ntl, and
on tlic fourteenth of Ftbruary an F.ngagemcnt cnlued,
wherein the Mogul's Army was defeated, ami Khandcran
morully wounded. This Aftion, however, was far from
being elccifive, though the Mogul loll (iveral of his l)eft
OlFiccrs and a great many Men. On the Sid': of Nadir
Shah, feven piincii«l Officers, and two tlioufan<l live hiin-
elred Men were killed, and alvjut five thoufand wounded.
The Mogul's I rcwps, on their Return into their Camp,
fell into great Conlulion, and plundtreil the Tents of f'lich
Officers as were eitlicr killed, or t.ikcn Prifoners, which
obliged the F.in[)er(ir to go in Perfon to that Fart of the
Camp where the Forces, under the Command of Nizam
ml Muluck were plletl, in onlcr to put things into a better
Condition, by reducing the Soliiicrs to their Duty. It was
with the lame Virw, that the Fjnjxror, with that Olficcr
ihc Vizir, and other Omrahs went without the Mourrlui
or Retrenchmeni', and drew up their Men in a Line of
Battle, with a Dcfi^',!' to put a Hop to the luicmy's advanc-
ing any farther ; but had not the Nii;ht come on, thefe Pre-
cautions woukl luvc llood them iii little l)e.id, and that
Day would hasr put on lind to the wliolc Alfair. Alxjut
an Hour after .Siinfct the Foiiixror returned back to his
Tent ; feveral of thofe who cfcapcd out of the i'lcid, as alfo
|Ik)H" who attended the Riggagc and Carnages, fled towards
Dihli, a great many of whom were plundered and killeil
by the way. The Camp in lome Places was very thin of
Men, inloniuch, t!ut when at Midnight the Fjiiixror fent
for ,V'3.J« al Muliuk, the Space from his Mouiclia to the
Kmpcior's Tcnr, which is alxHit three (^lartcrs of aCofs,
was found intircly ( mpty. Nizum a! Muluik, Sirbult'itid-
Kban, Kummir 6 dm Khan, and all the other Omrahs tliat
were left, llaid with the tmpcror in deepConfultatiun until
r.car the Morning, when each returned to his own
Qciarters.

On the 1 6th, finding the Camp thin, and btkig apprc-
hriilivt of il.t k:tzzi'f/aj?j\ att.u kii.g thrm, they contra^leii
the Circuit tiierrof, an.i their Mourchas into the Compafs
rcquilif to eur.t.iin the Nuriibrr of 'J roops tlicy had Icfr,
which was tlie .Space Ik t ween the Ijiiprror's Tent and
j\';z,im's Mourcha, and there they (looil under Arms tin:
whole Day, evc ry .Mir.utc exi)eciing thcluicmy's Approacli.
TowarJi the I'.vcmng a linall Tent wis j iirhcd for the F.m-
pcror, anil all the IfDops wt r-.- dilpolcd of to their refptc-
iivc Pulls, where ihey eontiaucd under Aims the whole
Night, and their lioilci faiWIcd, without either Hay or
Corn. The next Day wav jail in great Fear and Appre-
henfion, for the Kmp^ror i'i'M |,laiiily his Soldiers weic very
much difpiritMl, .-•nif his MuiilUis and CicncraLs in a man-
ner at tlieir Wits hnd, lu chat they were as little fit to ad-

vife him, as hr was to a.fl without their Ai'vVe rv i

17th of Fdruary, Nifum al Mulud, wiih' .fc,> „'■'

Khan, and feveral Horlcmen, went out an.i |.iicC,|' ,i;"1

ent betwixt the two Camps, to wiii.j, KadirnJ !

^auldal DrxUt or Vi.ir Kaffum lu,.Kinn ."am. t

■om thence conduiln' him to his Mailer, whoemlT

lould come and Hay with Nadir Shah 'l
(onfercnce lalVrd aU.ut fix Hours, arul w« .mmdmdj
followed liy two very remark.ible Fv.iits i thelir(lw«
kind of Ceiration of Arms which wis fo much the nj
neccflTary, that the Kmptror might bo under no Apprchm
fions, and that he might be the bett< r al.lc to biire hii
Tro<.ps into go<Kl Older, who hitlcrto had Ivcn in am
deal of Contiilion ; the next wa^ that Nam al v/«/,.i
was declared High Tieallirer, and /•.m;r a/ 0/«r«*, that is
prime Mmiller, lb that with refiK-t'l to hiri, thelindot"
the War was intircly accom))lilhed. All t!i. Miniltcrs who
oppofed him were driven from Court, and hcwasnoton'y
Veiled with the Titk-, tiut was in F.id .'t tiic Ifcaiiofth'-
I-'mj^eror's CounfeN, anil had the whule Power of the Em-
pire in his Haixls'.

It is from this Titiv; therefore, that wc are to date his
real C bncern for the Peace of his Country, which havir?
firll accomplifhcd, hrs own Views he now laboured to -ro^
mote. About this Time Kbandnm, his o.'d AntagoV::>,
died of the Wounds he had received in the Bartlr, and »js
buried with more Privacy than Icerncd coniiftent with r-
great Offices he lud hrM, and thr \\\'2,\\ {■.ivour in wh: i
lie fiad fliKxl with his Mailer. It is not ealy to conccircLr
what Arg\imcnts Mahammed Shah was prevailed ironn
quit his own Camp, and trull himlelf in that of his Kn.';i •,-
but it fccmj lie was now innrely <;uideii by his newMiniilrr,
who very probably told li:m, that in his prcfcnt lircum-
llances he hazardcvl little by taking that Hep, fincc:t\n$
in the Power of the I'ofum .Monarch to fijrcc him to ac-
cept what Terms he plealei', and that theretore it was btttcr
to tlo with good Grace a thing he might otlurwifc lieconi-
jKlIcd to do, whether he would or not. But, howtvcri
was, this is cntain, that on the u)\\\ai Itbnarj, in the
Morning, the EmtKror fitting in a R0y.1l Litter, with a
Canopy over it, followed by a lead I lorle, and a Dni.t,
anil attended only by a fi w of his faithful Scrrants, and in
F.fcort of alxjut two hundred \ Jorl'c, matched nut of th;
Camp, and wlwrn he had gone a good way by a Sign, hf
forboii the Horfemcn to aiTom|)any him any farther i thn
with his Eunuchs, and the abovifaid Omrahs, cachet
whom had not above two or three Servants to orend hr,
he went on to Nadir Sbah't, C.imp.

When he had advanced about half way, one of Sti-.r
Stab'i Minifters came to meet him, am! paid hiin thciiul
I lonours. I le likcwife afTured him, that l.is Mafltr wj;;rJ
for him with much Impatience, tfiat due Care would b:
taken to make this Interview as ea!y .md .is agrreahle 10
him as jxiffiblc, and that he had no Kiaiim to apprchtM
any Danger, or the leall Failure in (Kiint o( Decorum or
Comjilaifance. All this was certainly requdite to keep up
the Spirits of a Monarch in fuch a Situ.itinn, imd u:ukri5
many Dilficulticj. He continued his Mareli theretore, and
as he drew near Nadir Sbab's Tent, he received another
and more welcome Meflage -, for there N';'r .lH-th Mm,
Nadir Sbak'i Son, who came in a Roy.il Litter, haviiii;
ulighted, paid his RefpcCh, accordine; to ilie l-'onnothij
Country. Tlic F'jnpc-ror ord> ring his own Litter to hn
down, embraced Ncfr .illabMirza -, after which thry l<Jth
marched on until they came as far as the Train of Ordnaicc:
I lere all the Attendants were obliged to Hay khind, i«ii)f
the Emperor with two or three Eunuchs, and th. Omrihs
abovcmcntioned, were allowed to pafs. When th;y ame

1 We «r« iiulfbfcd (or iMt rrr- fiirt :nd no left ntriout Account of thii ettnordinary Tnnfaflion, 10 \fr Jamn Fr.iv, Vi):.aai I lu« I*'"'
ircr.; r, ij, aad I luvc ;i fr-uj .I'herc, n oivlrr to rf der thii Hiltory ot ihe Mogul K.mpirc ai cumplcat m jiollilVc. 1 lie Kcadcr will perceive, i" ''
ll.L> J :n.imc ir.ere »i. i I ii ,1 ot Siilpei.fion .t sr.e Kmpcror's Power, »nd al! wu at the Mercy of a StHiigrr It nuy fecm llt.iiigc, that .\j' *'
ft»»,d let flip [I.1-. Oj J- laui.iry of nukini- hiii.u:t Mjlter of hJttam i t)ut wlien it n conlidered, iliat the Power ..f the l'>'fi<i« "ai t.'iiclly o«ii|; "
tneWMknttandilltoiiduftof /Vji/nn*!*./ ' ..h i: u ill a|>pr>i great WMdom ami conlummaic Policy iii tlw Conqueror, to a.;t -ii lir did : H>'. '^
f.vJ cutotfu.c .\i,jjul F.n.reroi, hi( Sulijcf 1 migi.i h.ive betomt delperate, and SaMr Hak't fumj wuiiisBMik, aod to far iJ**uccd Inw iw >.(i'^-'
(■>, U4I k; n :k;hl Uve bcui luined in hit Kctreai, d l.c iiai not atttd u be di4

Chap. II.

O (J U L E

to the Door of the Royal Tent, and tlic I''.ni|)cror witi
ilightcit, Nadir Shah came forth to receive him \ haviim
embraced him, he feated him dole bv himfelf on the lame
Mufnidd '. After the accuftomarv Forms of Salutation,
and the Ennuiry after eacli others Health were over, Niidir
Sbab iiiiiiixcnei him thus: *' It is (Irunge that you ihuuM
" be fo unconcerned, and regardlefs o\ your own Atl'airs,
" that notwithftanding I wrote you fcvrral Letters, lint
" an AmbalTaJor, and teftified a Friendlhip for you, your
" Minifters Ihould not think proper to lend me a latif-
" laftory Anfwer, and by realon of your warn of Com-
" mand and Difcipline over your own People, one of my
" AmlialVaJori, contrary to .ill Laws, has been killal in
" your Dominions, Even when I entered your Empire,
'• youfeemed under no Concern about your Affairs, nor lit
" much as fent to aflc who I was, or what was my "
" flgn. When I advanced as far as Lahor^ none ut

«' People came with a Meffage or Salutation, nay, nut
'• with an Anfwer to my Salutation to you. Afterwards,
" when your Omrahs were awakened out of their Lc-
*' thargy and Indolence, they prevented all Means of a
'• Reconciliation, and coming tumultuouily with an lii«
*■ tent to (lop my farther Progrefs, they brought then>
*' felvci into one general Snare, witliout havinu thu Fore-
" light to leave any behind, who, upon an Emergency,
" could make Head and retrieve their Affairs. Uclides
" thij, you have foolilhly cooped yourfelvci up in your
" Murchas, as not confidcring, that if your Enemy w.is
" ftrunger, you could not remain wiiiiin thofc Uairica-
" does, without either Water or Grain \ and il lie was
" weaker, it was both unncceflory and difgraccful, to futfcr

M P 1 R E. 657

Camp, where he Wiu kept, and about Eioht the fame
Night, the Vizir rrciivtd a Firman from Nadir Sbah, ta
thii Import \ •• Kuminir 8 Jin Kbati Vizir, Know, that
" To-morrow, Mohmmtd-Shab, Sirbutlind-Khan, Mo-
" bammid-Khan UuNguJh, and Azim Mah-Khati, Ihall
•• come into the Frcltncei therefore look well to your
" People, that they be not difperfcd, or ftraggic abroad j
" when you have lecured that Point, come you hither al-
'• fo, " When the Emperor was apprized of this he fent
for Sirbutlind-Khan, anif all the other Omrahs, with whom
he held Council until Midnight. At laft the Emperor
declared, that Aflairs were now gone beyond his I'ower,
and that he mud do one of thefe three things; To-morrowt»
inarch out and makr one defperate Pufh, to determine hU
•r io Fortune at once, or put an End to all things and Mifery
Uc- hy a Dole of Poilbn, or clfe fubmit peaceably to wliat
your 'Icrins might be impofed. The Emperor's li.clination,

though he did not then declare ir, was for the laft of
thclc. On the 74th, SirbulJind-Kban, Mohammed- Khaut
&c. were ready, each with his own Men, that in cale
the Emperor fliould make a Pufh, they might not be un-
prcuared, and if on fubmitting,' he Ihould go to Nadir^
aiicl bid them come, they Ihould follow his Fate. At
Night arrived a Note from Nadir Sbah, to this EfTcft i
" Sirbiillind-Khan, be of good Cheer, perfcL'tly compofed,
" get yourlVlf hither, before Mohammed-Shah lets out. "

0\\ the 25th, SirMtind-Khan having obtained Leave,
nurchcd towards Nadir-Shah's Camp, and according to
ail Order, leaving his Men and B.iggage on the Right-
hand thereof, he with Khan, ZadKhan, three Horllmen,

"lid four or five Servants, entered the Camp, and pitched
" yourfclvcs to be befiegcd by him. Bcfuic^, if you a iinail Tent for himlclf, near the Bargah, clofe by Saadil-
" thought lightly of him, and imagined him a rafh in- Khan'ti Quarters. About 9 o'Clock that Morning, Mo-

" confiderate Man, without expofing your own Perfon
" ami Reputation fo much, you ought to have detached
" a faithful and experienced OHicer, who, in a little
*' Time, might have found Means to diArels and cut
*' him off i but if you dreaded his Experience and Con-
" dufl, you had itill the Icls Realon (after provoking
" him thus far) to venture your all at one Blow. Even
" when you had thus enunglcd yuurfelf, I fent you Of-
" fers of an Accommodation, but you was fo pulled up
" with your own childifh Conceits, and fooliln Refulu-
" tions, that you would not give car to any honourable
•' Overtures, or confult your own Intercft, until at lalt,
" by the AlTiftance of the Creator of the World, aiul
*' die Strength of the Arms of the victorious Warriors,
" you have feen what has happened. Moreover, your
" FredecefTors were wont to take 'Jejtab, or Poll- Tax
" from the Infidels, and you in your Reign have given
" it to them i having for thefe twenty Years fuffered the
" Empire to be over-run by them -, but as hitherto the
" kace of Timur have not injured, or miHichaved to-
" wards the Seffi Family, and the People of Perfia, 1
" Ihali not uke the Empire from you, only as your Indo-
" lencc and Pride have obliged me to march fo far, and
" tliat I have been put to an extraordinary Expence, and
" my Men, on account of the long Marches, arc much
" fatigued, and in want of NccefTarics, I muft go to Deh-
" /». and there continue fome Days, until the Army is
" relrclhcd, and the Peijhcujb that Nixam al Muluck has
" agreed to, is made good to me : After that, I Ihall
" leave you to look after your own Affairs. " Mohammed-
Sbah gave no Anfwer during the whole Speech, but con-
tinued in a fixed Silence, which teftified a good deal of
Confufion and Shame.

There were only three of his Minifters prefent at this
Conference, and the Emperor having rennined fome

bammed-SLab, according to an Order, being feated in a
royal Litter, with a Canopy and Umbrella, Tec out for
Nadir-Sbith'a Camp, attended only by Emir-KI-wt, Ijhak-
Khan, and fome l.unuchs. On his Arrival, he alighted
ut a lent which h.-id been pitched the Day bdore, by Na-
dir-Sbab's Order, for that Purpofc, in the Iron: of the
(.amp, where he was allowed to have as many of I, is Do-
niefticks of all Sorts as were neceflary, and 1000 KuzzU-
hajb Horfcmcn were detached as Guards round him. A-
bout Eight o'clock in the Evening, Mohammed bci.ig
called, went to wait on Nadir-Shah. After three Jriours
Itay, lie returned to the Camp, and there was an Order,
that none of the Omrahs fhould be allowed to go to fee
him. In thit uncomfortable Situation he palled all thac
Afternoon, and the fuccceding Night. The mxt Day,
all the Ordnance, and the Emperor's Baggage, were fcized
for the Ufe of the Conqueror, who feleded out of the
former two hundred Pieces of Cannon, and fent them
away \ after which, out of the Treafurc he had taken, he
rewarded his Army with three Months Pay by way of
Gratuity, and took Care that it fhould be diftributed to
every Man in the fame Proportion as his Pay •.

On the I ft of March, Nadir-Shah began to move to-
wards the City of Behly, having AJobammed-Shab in his
1 laiuls, guarded by ten thoufand Horle. On the 8th of
the fame Month, the Emperor entered the Callle of that
Cjipital, uniicr a Cliiard of four tlioufand Morle, before
it wati light, and the.fime Morning Nadir-Shah alfo
made his Pubjick Entry into the City, at the ilcad of
20,ooo Morfe, and proceeding thro' it to the CaiUe, was
there received by Mobwmied-Shah, who entertained liiiii
nt Breakfaft. They I'pcnt the whole Day together, and
Nadir-Shab did not retire till towarvls Evening, behaving
all the Time tt)wards him witii much Civility and fecm-
ing Affcftion. The Shah like wife, at his Ktiual', lillied

Hours m Nadir Shah's (garters, return*ed in tiie Evening out a Proclam.itiun, fui bidding, on v:^ry levv re Penalties,

to his own Camp. He continued there three or four any of his SoKlicrs fioin iiillilnrg the : iliabit-.'^cs, at the

D-iys, without well knowing what IlTuc things wouki come fime Time lliielly ci ji.'iiiing th^- pr: . ci Cictr^ to lee this

t«. On the 23d, Nizam was fent for to the i\r/ian Proclamation duly cxceuted, and '<> Ijuie 1.0 Scveriucs re-

fsill let hercdlter. It was by U.cle Aiib ol Gtri-.odiy. ihai he kti>« hU Army (<> prr ■■:\y iiuuilicil 10 him j from t.ic LcnIiJeiatioii, that in tt.v-
"i him, iiiiy itrved ihtmlelvts, aiiU tluil he w«» nut more Uieir Muiuich than llica llciicf»itur.

»UM». XLV.

S \l

quilltc

m \

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5^1 ,

Pi'

Jlc-li.'.::;

It-..: -/W:' f 'i^t**-^!*-!

658

7k' Misro Rr of tk

l5(X)k I.

waiutl on him, who lia\ing mjiK- ^i cat Int.rufnon f.
the City, t!ic Solilu-ti wrio onkrij to ili firt, 'j,.,] ^ ''
luixlaiiiud by Bi-.it of Dmm, f'l.ir rf>nc of' the ini,,,"
Uiiti flunilil Iv 4iiy longer nioK-ftrJ. The Slaurhtfr r ^
tiiiuiAl trom I-.ight in the Moriiipg till 'Ihr-c iiwhi- \|- '
nocni alxjvc 400 Kuz-iUh.'!*) wac killt.l, jn,| ofifKCh''
Zi-m, iMc4t jihI fm.ill, i:o,u,ki win: lUuglitrrr.l ./i. '
com|uitcil thi-m if,:^,<oo, wli.«1V..irui.' .inj I'fr.i(,'|,,'|','!

ciuifitc for th« I'ur|iorc in |)unifliiiig rlic OlVciulcni wliicli
rKK-Umatioii hail liith 411 ttilct, that vtiy txicl Diiti
I line was n)aintJUi«J, aiuJ none o» tlie Mogul'* I'eo^ilc
liifVrrcil any l(i|uy.

On t\\e nth, an OrJcr \v.« fint Co oiicn the Ma^t-
rinc^ in the Corn-Market, am! to he that Commodity
(oM at a rcafonablc Kau-, whitli wawblohitdy mttllary,

aj thmj^ wcrr thin iiriunilla.'icwl. A Mob, howivtr, ^

w.u railwl ujwn tint OLtafiop, ami ihoJi- who wouUl not j>lunik tcil, fwinc S'aJirSl<iib hoit, and a great jtiil
hi;ht for thtir Country, took Ui) Ami* rather than part ilclUoyn,! liy the I'iir.
with thiir Corn at a fair Price. In rtiort, tlx P>r^un Of- In kvcrarol thi- Unulu' ]](ntCf*, v^lifre oncofaFim
I;(er% were kiJIM, u aifo a gooil Number ot thtir Men, \j lurviveil, he ufal to pile liii'ty "r forrv Carcanrsi-tuj
and in a few Houii Time the whole City was in Confu- of one anothir, and burn tli-ni, an^l lo'tliry i|ij ,„ (i,.
(ion. -About Lipht the next Morning, NuiLr-Sbab .Streets i notwithflandmg which, thae Itill timaim-J ij
mounted or» Morlclvkk, in order to iiucli the Tumult, many, thatfor aconfulerablcTimc there wasnol'iKli tliir-

I
.1

\»;]

■mi in his I'aflage thrcugli the Streets, (eeing Abundance as laning any of tlie narrow I,ane<

c» his own Solihers dcail Bodies lying about, he was ex- I

tream!y provoked, yet he moderated his I'aflion fo much,

.15 to pivT very jull and favourable Order?, tht)Ugh at the

fame 1 ime he detadied a <trong Body ot llorfc and loot

to redwe the People that were in Anns to Rcafon. There

\Vlien the Sill

*eie loine very dirty Cuctimltanus in this Aflair, which
it is niiclliiry Iriiuld be exolaincd. Sonic of the Mogul's
Miniflers hati promifeJ I^aJir-Hlab a Prefcnt of a Crotc
t)f Riffft:, that )>, a MiUion and a (Juarrer of wir Mo-
ney, on Ins coming to Dthh, whii-h h«)wcvcr tlu y did not
raifc, but privattly excitcil this J uniult, by giving out,
that Nadtr-Siab was killed in his Qviarten, and otiicr
fiich like Stones, cakuUtcJ fur the UmicjlUnding ol a
Mob, .and keeping up their lury. The Troops that
were deiachetl to rciluie them, had lUift Orders not to
proceed to l-jttremiticj, till fair Means wire K-iind iiiet-
fi('tia!, and evm then, they wire ordered to be very
caretui in dif^inguiihini; L^tween tliC Innocent ;uid the
Guilty, by firing on none but thofe that were in .Arms,

Ixgan, thofe who raifed the ComnintiDn difaj)|)cart.! mai
Indant, and left the innocent Shopkeepers, Lurii, .mil
many Iiuneft I'';iniilie<, to be butdicrrd by the enraged V^a-
z!«b.tjb. Several, jealous of their Haiunir, not only 'ki.".
ed their Women, but laid v...Icfit H.uuls upon rhrmll'lvi'.
One of thrle uiifortunare \Vrc:r!i,i in jvirticular, win
the Soldiers caiiir near his I Ii.ute, biirnnl .ibout nvcrry
Women ot liis lamily, ami wus in hxpectjiion of t': :
entering every Minute, and kilhii^ iiim ; byCIianLvthy
inilTi d that 1 foufe, but he wai lo in.'ini.itr'i!, that finJi ■
himlelf (lifapjHjinted, he went our, and briii!;;ng fonv i''
ihcm ha(k, fJiewed them the \\.\s to his uwn Mcuii
telling them, ihtrc wai a pood di.il of Money a:i,| I'.'
fifts therein. After tli( y h.ul pliiiKlired the Ihmfe, t.';.)-
went their W.iy without kil!iii[; him, which lo enn;r.l
him, tliJt he difpjrchcd himlelt. '1 Iirre wiTe great Nir.-
It IS of P(-op|e, erpceially Women .iml I iiiMriii, bi;rr:':i
their I loufis. The veiy next Day, the Prilunfrt, a.'tl.,-
pecially the Women, wire, by jVj,/;>-5"^iyiOri!ir, n

«nd fulfering tuch as rcmainctl ijuier in their I loufes to re- duilleil back to their own 1 loiifes, m the .Numbit of ;;i'

fde there unciirtiiUd. But as Mobs aa apt to niiftake
Mildnrli lor IVar, and gentle Pciruafions for a Dreail of
their lorce, lb the People of Dthl;/, inilead of difj^rling,
afTembk-d in Crowds upon tlicir Terrains, and from thence
t!iey fiirioufly 1 ep.vi to throw .Stones, anil cither from one
cf tliefe TcrrafTe!., or a Window thereabouts a Mufket
was defigncdly Ihot at Na.iir-Skiil', which mifTing him,
kille I one of his Officers who ftocxi next Iwn. This
made him give way to his PafTion, and to order a general
.*^'.i'.if;h:tr to be commenced trom tlut very Place -, th-j
•Soldiers in an Inlfant getting upon the Walls and Tcr-
ralfrs Ixgan to j lunder and kill.

This b!o(H!y >Venr extended from the Sjrjfu .Irduiy
whieii '.s before the Callle, to the old tJdgab^ which is
ihnc Cc;} J">iftance, on one Side as far 7'"^' Tomb, and
c::- the cilur as far as the Tola. co Mundavi, and Peul
Mfefni, t!ie wliole Streets of the Bazar, and t!ie Alleys
-.-.'■A Wau!-. r,n all Si les the Klamims Bazar, and round
alxMit the Januh MiijidJ, and the Cotton iuid Je^^cllcrs
B.izan, Were .ill plundered i levcr.il Piacts were fet on
Tire, an<! whoniKKVir thiy tound in the W.inls and
Ho'.ifcs, Sticets, Alf^s anil .Shi.ps, grc.it and (mall, Men
w.ii Won'.en, thry put t') the Sword, even th- brute Crca-
::;ris t?id not ekaw I'.cir T'ury •, Jcveral Women were
iii.iiie Pnlijntrs. ijur/ .L'l KMjm, the Officer who wa^
»; jsoiMril to (l.u.'ghter and jilui. ler, towards the Square <»t
>iiad Alldh K/'.in, and DeUr Oate, when he rame as far
a^ i>!iLii,Hh!-Ki.'i:ii'i llouf:, he, in a great .Surprize and
T;i;4ht, came i>..t t) inert the liiid Ofner, and reprcfent-
iiy to him, tliat th; People tf ili.it Cifiarter were not to
llaiiie, Ir ina.ic l.im defut, xid llo|' Ins IVlcn, on promi-
lirg they fliould p.iy :i Sum of Money; but in other

Pljcrt the .Slaughter, Plundering and Hurning went on, apprehended his IVetefilions of old .Age and Inlimnty,
1.1 a iiicid barbarous .Manner. Nadir-Sbah, .iltcr he had were caleulateJ purely to retard the railiiit; ot the Alii't)!
i;ivcr. ilic O;.!..-, returned ba<.k to the CalHe. About and therefore he wi.iild advilr him, tor lii. own lii^C "|
I'wo o'Clotk Mihanmud-Slnb, and Nizam at Mu'.mk be more cxixxliiioih, bee.tufc it was a 'Thii.i; ifiji *'''''"

' If crJcr ui ujiJci.linJ ll.ii WorJ, ii i. netrlTiry to (Mtne, itat WiWn, Ri\t\\y rilcfii, (ij'tiifiei a fWitihy, Jark colourfd I'trfon, "''*"''"■';
fir* i.Ivr.i I.J il.c (iiigiial |i.hsb:urii. U ihc Luiiiii.y, rouiij «!)iiu; Od! , (mm whence ii u-cvircd, in I'lOetl; ot Tinii-, tlic .Wimc of '''"'','''■'.''.
a. we toaii.io i;y w;iic ii, h.li ;«« i I i:il 1'., itit Cuuiiir) ol ihe H:n.L'i, ai.>l many have bc'ievcJ, tlut (ram ihcnie the A'n // •»' J"i>™ '"^,*,|'; '^
•j! Ilia, wlit.r)i, liuMtrrr, I'etra: rn'.fc |.iol,..b.y to i.\e titcu tikcii (loni ih« Rive» /•/,!. /\s for the Na!i»-ci ol ihn liiipirc, tlify.iicl.i -
ll'ij;jini«) l)y Ifiejf o'J .\:iinc o! //r.Yi/'i , btuull- i/l lliu

fhoufand. About ten thouland Women, in rhc niiJil u
the C'onfufion, had thrown thcmlllvcs into Wt :.'.-, i.:
whom there were many taken out aliv., two ur three
Days after.

On the Tlrirtccnth, NndirSbah having an Account
that a Detachment ot his 'Troops that had befn llr.: ;j
fti^e ifie Cannon at the Serai of Rcub JILb Khan, hi
been cut off by the Piopic, a (Iroiig I5)vly was fi'nt ihith't
to 1 ur.ifh that OfTem e, which thry iti.l hj cutting u
Pieces Hvc or fix tliouland of thitn, M\d bringini^ in liirrc
hundred of the print ip.il R-rfons IVil'oiier^, who had ili.-.r
Heads ftruck off 'The fame Day ProcLinution wa
made that every M.m (hould retire to his 1 loull- am! 1"..t.-
ployment, without Tear of the Soldiers. Two Days
after, as the great Numlier of dead Bo.iicj that lay a:>j-:
the Callle, and in the Bazars, and otlier Itaces, cauf^-a
very offcnfive Stench, they jrelfed mufl uf the Pt..;i:
tlity met with in the Streets, and employed thrm in"-
moving the Boilies ; fome,by tying Coids to the TcJt, i.Vy
dragged without the City •, fome they threw into the R-
vrr, and thofe whom they imagiiu-ii to !)e UirJui, th^v

t)iltd forty or fifty of their Boifies atop of ca^h other x'-l
lurnt them, with the Timber of the dcmolilhcd Mi-
ing<!.

On the Sixteenth, a F:nna>i, to exempt thi- Doni;:i!o:K
of Per/ta from Taxes for three Years was lirawn up, i" !
diljutched by a Choppnr, at the {unt ti.nie th; -'\r["'i
formerly due to the Soldiers, as alio one Ycir's I'ay Ixlof'"-
hand, and fix Month's Pay as a G,atii:ty, wasgivrnt)
ail his People, even his Servants, and thofe who trafick-
ed lor .N'ccelfu ies in t!ie Camp. On the .Scvcnteah. .^-•
dir-SL'ab fcnt for SiihlJ/id Kb.in, an.l tol! Iitm, that I;-

u'l , ii'.. 1 l:ry «ic J \ci/ l.i/lU.C.

vcl'

ijp.e, vci/

Mixture orNaliij.i. v.tiich ii-iw inhabit rlifi: C'o'.ii.try. (uch l^ l^\'fi, '"''■'■'•",'■,
tburijj. anJ iiiilu.lriou!, tut e*cffrtl:n;;!y co'.:;fm;ird aiJ Jvl.iMcJ i)y tw "••'■

lj\

Chap. H.

GUL Empire.

6.<s<

nlmit of no Di-I.iy. On the next Diiy, wliirti w.ii ehc
h4',htcriith, SirbuUind Ki/an went likcwifc to the Dirbar,
*hrrc were prtfcnt Nizam al Mukik, and Kummir «' diH
Kb^i, ami he Ibycil there until Noon. 'Ihamai Khan and
Mujlipha Khan, prclTing them concerning the Money,
^irbuiind Khan told Nizam al Muliuk at follows \ •• 1
•' havi', a long time ago, fordccn this Dilgratc, and frc-
" qucntly rcprcfcntrd to the l''.mj)cror, that before Thingi
" were pall Keiutdy, he ought to take fomc Mtafure,
•• and not through too much Security reckon any Acci-
" dent unworthy his Cart- and Prevention. I defircd him
«' to employ tome experienced and faithful Perfon, and
•< to give him full Power, that with a Sum of Money,
•' and other valuable Thingi, as a Pcilhcufti, he might
•' nwkc up Matters, prevent the imjiending Calamity,
" and live, as formerly witii the Shah, in an amicable
" Maiuicr. l*lv«ry Bixly imagined I couched fume L)c-
" figns and Self- Views under this Advice. They them-
" liTvcs would contrive no Lx|iedient, nor would they rc-
•' iy on the ContrivatKc of another, until, at lafl, A^'airs
•' are come to this calamitous and difgracctul IH'ue." To
this Sizam al Muluck made no Aniwcr. Then fbamdt
Khan addrefling himfcit to Kummir o' din Khan, repeated to
him the Sub(\ancc of what Nadir Sbab at firll meeting re-
proached Mobammtd Sbab with. Afterwards he told him,
" What is paft (hall not be remembered. Now my Shah
" wants the Money, ufc all Means you can to raifc it, and
" bring not yourfelves into any further Difgracc by being
«• dilatory." SirbuUind Khan aiifwcrcd, *' undoubtedly
" wcwillraifcit wherever it is tobc found." Thamas Klan
alked him, if he had not Money himfelf, SirbuUind Kban
laid to him, '* If I had hod Money, 1 woi.ld have fenc
" it to you to Kbandabar, and prevented you from having
" the 1 rouble of coming liithcr."

In ihort, by what paiTed at this Meeting, it was known
that Sadir Sbab, alter this Victory, and having elUblilhed
his Power, had demanded oi Nizam al Muluck twenty Crore

Ir»liabit.inti, tf".. who were fufpefled to b* riih, were or-
dered to give n a I.irt of wliat Moil y and liRcl. chey
were Mafters o(", to k Iml b<li;rc the S'\,\,\\, i\m wh.u he
liked he might tak-, ami wliit Iw \<Aj,\ve liiuii tiny
might keep I and wiio.'ver pl.-a 1 1 Piv^rtv. Imh i'crlon
fliould dt-ciare tlic lanu by .i Wnti ig uiid r thar Haiul
and .Seal, that in call it llunild be ulciw.ir.ij provi I i!i.,t
he had givcp m a talle Acimint, hit iniylit be punifliCil.
That^Diiy the i'eople Ix toic-incntioiii.J ca.nc to J-'ri-uiimd
Kban'i iioul''i and luvini; (laid until tlie I'.vehing, and
enrolled fomc Names returned to tluir own ll'.ulc^.

This AlVair was proU\uttdfur i'tv r.i! IJays Iwllo-dng
with the iiimoll l)ilii!;eiut •, during wIikIi imie aUi. tJi y
were bufy in prejMiing Illumination!, cm the Bunk'i ot tlio
Kiver, and !■ ire- works tor the Wedding ut i'l'-fr ,iiub
Mifza, Nadir Sbtih'n Son, wiio was to be married to ilie
Daughter of 'Jcfdai Bukbjb, Son of A«;» Bukijb. U;i tlie
Night of the 'i'wenty-leventh ot M,ircl\ tlio Manii-e
was confummated j Mohammed Shah niailc tlic ju.inyr
Princefs a Frefent of Jewels to tlic Value of 50,..iou Ru-
pees, and, \n ready Monoy, r.o.ooo more. Some iJays
after the Marriage, NaJir Hbub lent them Jewels to the
Value of Kve l.ack of Kui^ces, or C2,iyOo Pounds ".
. The Council for aftertainina the Peilhcwlh or Prefent,
was continually held in the CalUe, near the IJivan of Ju-
Aite, at which afliftcd Ibaiius Klan, Mujlapba Khan, and
Mohammed Shab'% Omrahs, until the Eighth ot .///// at
Noon I and, during that Time, cveiy Uudy was pn. lent
at the faid Place, from Sun-rife toSuivfct. All the l\ '.nis
and Agents of the Alan/ubdars, and other OiHccrH, j^jave
conftant Attendance i and, at Night, e.ah rttuiiud to
his own Houfe without having a Ceiury or (juaid over
thrm. In thole Days ;">d alio atcerwa.Js, U veial I'eo.
pie finding Affairs go hard with them, lett their LiVec'is
and FamUies behind, and made their fcllcape out ot the
City in the Ix'ft Manner tluy could, being gla!, at any
rate, to fave their Lives. Several of Muiju»ii,u.i ofw/Vs

of Rupees, or twenty-five Millions Sterling, (extlufive of Omrahs Were obliged to Hay tlie whole Day in ihe t.aiilc

die Jewels, Gold-Platc fet with precious Stones, and other in a mean Manner, and p.'rp:tual 1 'ear, with Lut tJiic

line Goods, feized of the King's and other Omrahs) to Horfc and a lew SuTva^its to attend thein, and at Kiglic

be cullcded in the bed Manner he could, out of the King's they returned to their own i^Icuies. llie whole of this

Treafury, his own EiTcdti, and all the other Omrahs,
wcaldiy People, and Inhabiunts. Such a Sum was not
to be railed out of tlie King's Treafury or the Omrahs
EfFccls •, for, in the King's, all the Gold and Silver Coins
did not exceed three Crore : But, in the inward Vaults,
(which had been (hut up and fealed for many Vears, no
body knowing by whom they were fealed, or what they
contained) there was found of Gold and Silver a much
Lrger Amount than the Money in the Treafury. Nizam
tl Muluck contributed a Peilluulh of one Crore and a
half m Jewels, Treafures, and Goods \ as did alfo
Kummir e' din Khan to the fame Aniount. Saadit Khan
had formerly agreed to pay one Crore of Rupees, and
made good thirty Lacks thereof, which was all that had
eftaiJcd being plundered -, he promifed to fend for the
Remainder trom his Soiibah. SirbuUind Kl'nn, on ac-
tuunt of his Poverty, w.is cxcufed from any Share j and
thrceCrorc of Rupees were appointed tobc levied on fomeof
Maiifddar, Mutteftddys, Officers, and the rich Inhabitants,
each in Proportion to his Circumllances. Formerly Saadit
i^ban was ordered to coUeft this Money. After his Death,
and the Slaughter and I'luiuler of the City, tiiis Bulinefs
was recommended to the Care of SirbuUind Khan and the
other Omrahs, wliich Thamas Khun, at his Meeting, preff-
td tin 111 about. Accordingly it was now agreed, that
/ivm Khan, Chucbl Kcij/jvir, I'akccl of the SohbMars of
h,-7,gii!, Si-i:i Ram, and all the Manfiibdars and Officers
<jl the Lhaboulra, &c. fliould meet at SirbuUind Khan's
lluuff, and make an Lnd of this Affair. All Officers,

Month was paffed by, the Subjcets of MuLamm d Shah iu
a very mel.iiicholy Manner i for, nutw,thlLai'i:.t; liuy
railed prodigious Sums, yet new Uemands weie Ibll niaue
and exaded from them in fo rigorous a manner, th.u: :',v.y
frequently ihofe Death, as a milder Puni:lime:u t!i;u. tlu'lc
to which they were cX[)oled : As, for Inllaiue, tiie A v-ic
of the Province of Bengal, was ordered to l"-".i.! for i-ven
Crore of Rupees irom thence, which is almoll nine Milli-
ons of our Money. He, to dcmonUnitv; the ImpolliL.-
lity of complying with this Order, anlwcrcd, that fueh a
Sum of Money would till a Li.nc of Waggons, reaihiny
from Bengal to Dchly. i'or this i'leedom he was lb ill
treated, that, in Kefentment, he went lioiiu-, murdered
his Family, and then himfelf ; and it would appear a
Thing incredible, if wc were to mention a few only of the
many Examples of this fort that happened ■■.

On the 1- irlt of Altiy, all the Omrahs were ordered by
Nadir Sbab to be at Mabammel Sbiib's by . Five of the
Clock in the Morning, wliere they all received Prefjnts
from that Conciueror, according to their llveral Rank', con-
filling of Clcitiis, Arm', and Pieces of Gold, and Sdwi-
Stuff. About Eight in the Morning, Akbainnwd ShrJ:,
feated in a Royal Litter, with a Canopy Umbrella, ar.d
fome red Litter, with fcveral of the Omrahs, went to-
wards the General Divan, the Omrahs being mounted at .i
fmall Dillance behind him •, when they came near th-j
General Divan, the Kmperor ordered S^jJ c' din Klan to
let none but the head Omrahs, aiid a iew ot ihe^ ciiief
Alanfubdars to go farther. At the Door of the General

' One woulJ inagine 'hat ilm wa, a M.irr;aEe formed upon fome political Motivf. wh.ch how.«r. .t .s «7 J'^c^-t ^,,>;\,'° "'/^".Mf
r:..A never ftitv id any Intcnion of .K-priving ilTc Mogul of hij Dominions. It ii not iBipoflible, iioucvcr. thnt !,e misht (uipeJ. Ircn the C onm
:.o., ,„ «l,ich 're few L I'mp re .h.t'.t cou^J not lo^g fubf.ll. and might thcre.ure incline to have .. Son or a (>ar,Jfon f. •*«''' "''^;---'
timily. a... ,„ that Cafe to firn, a I'rcicniion to it i lor othcrwile this is a Iranlaaioo, for which no rational Account can be aiven, clpecially, to„fi.

'■""fit i;::;ri^'i t,!^^lK^S;"S^ana corruption, than what (bn,o Peop'e m»y miHake for Bra«ry and high i^pirir i I mean .h,%
lut ot "if mu J ,, We have m th" llulo.y, ih-f dearell Inftancc of it ; for thefe People had Iccn tl.eir (.ountry m.r r.. thejr H.end. and Re-
U.,«n. Jtr^r^dlrd red U;c.:r .l^rcign ^nfulied. and.l.^
f"^h M.f.hiefs i but how. whtii ths Mwn. of Luxuiy ^crt lo be taken away, ar.d they wcie in Danger o! livtt.g p^ or, tl.' > touU pluck up a Sp-

ni wd kill tUcmlclvei. D'vaii

<l"

'. (

I;':

•i

660

7k H isroar of the

Book I.

ill i

()n the Fourth of A/«», 1739, he hrRin hit \fc«i,
Ifom 04/)., havmn firtt ilTueil out ftnct Orden lor ill
hn SuMirrt U) join hit Army, upn Pam ol l>iti
which, with gT«'at Seyrrity, he inHrflrJ up«ir> luch « lUa
behind, Si»ry of whom were ililcowrfil, and tcni iIm
hi in, by the Commanil of M$iHimmd-!ik»k ^ a |4,„,,
Number wa« atierwanli tollc<lcil, «rnl %m likcwih (,,
Kjive btcn fkTiX. co him j but u|x>n Rerieftion, the Maul
l''.m|>eror ilecUred in CourtctI, that 4S 11 wai m)r«llyc«i4ii
thehJ pior Fco[>te wouUI be hkcwiie put to Death, Ir
l«w no Kealbn why they (hould nuke thenlclvti 4i.uiio.
ry to the iheJding of fo muih innocent BlootI, and tW-
lore ordcrMJ thclc Uctrrtcrt tu be fct u Lberiy. jVj^,,.
Sbmk, when he hiut oiite \^^m hii Maicli towanlj fafit
(irofpcutcd It with great Diligmce, that he n«g|,t ehntul
•l>y lecurc the valk Kichei he had obtained, and tnnhiLh,
however, he made fume Acceflionii. Some IJiyi be* re
he leli Uttly, lie lent \*vx o» his Army before tu Lain
whrn they a|>j)roached the Place, m.\/.tkm»-Khm\i\
apprized thrreuf, he called t)gcther all the git« Mc,
Men lunts Seralt, and wealthy People ol the City. .\\
their Me<.•lll)^ it wai agr^d, that the khan and ikc^
»h<)uld Ro f*)t of the City, and lend a Meffage to ti.:
(-umnunding Officer, in thefe WorJi i " U ywjr Utiiwi
" be to (laughter the Inhabitants, lo I we are here prt-
•• fent. It Pluiklcr be your Inicnt, the City it detrirt*,
•' aiKl our Eftet^s lelt there, or if Money be what j.u
•• want, the Soubahdar and Ciiizeni can raifc no more
•* than one Crorc j fo whatever your Intcntn-ni or Otdtn
" are, that exeiute. Thii is a fmall City, and net »b!e
•* to witliltand the Fury of an Army, as Dtbh u." On
the Retdpt of this Mefiage, the tommanding QJctr
thought |)roper to reprefent the Attair to his Matter, »lio
ordered him to receive t!»e Crore of Rufni, and to mo-
l«/t tlienj no further. Alter the Payment of ihe Mooey,
.jmouniing to 1,250,000/. he drew otf, aiKl jouud Uk
main Army up«n their March.
• It is amazing, that lb fudden, lb extraordinary, ah! to
dreaitful a Blow as was by this Invafiun given to the Mo-
gul Kmpire, did not awaken I'lKh as were enirultrd with
titc Adminiltratton of Af)'ain, to a iutl ScnI'e ot thrir IK-
ly t and yet we are alTurrd, that fur alniolt two Mvothi iirt
the ShaL'i Departure, there were no i>tq)s taken to itiVf
thofe Diforderi in their Ijovemmnit, that had piulu.ril
this melancholy Kvent \ on the contmry, the Miimtry k:
lilted m their lU-wiil to each other, and were more J irrt
on the Means ot inomotinj; their fe[urarc Intercrts w
gratifying their partKular Kelrntments than incontttvir^
any thinu for the publick Good, or for rcltoring their Al-
lairs. Neither dkl this ll;ange Humour prevail amonj
the Great only, but fpread Tike a pcftilenlial Inictofi
ihrT>U(.',h all Ranks and Degrees of Pcx>ple. The Inhtt^
tants, from the Terror of this Calamity, like People |x)l-
felfril, and in hits, were quite ftupitied, andnottwwto
llieinlclvos ■, and what is (till more llrange (notwithlhini-
ing the 0|)prenru>ns and Difgrace the Piopic of thu>(i>
pm: have met with fincc NaJir-Shab'i IVjarnire) the a-
decent Kxpreflions and beallly Actions of his SolJifrs
were the conftant Subjetfts ot Pidourtir, in all Compames
related with a ll-eming Satiifartion and Plealurc, ami k
way of Jcft and Drollery, not I'eing the Icalt alfrttwl *n\
the Reflection on their palt Difgrace ami Mislortuncs, but
on the contrary feemed lorry for his going away '.

It is impoirit>le to account lor thu, fincc the I.olTrt
thry fuftaincd of al! Kinds were incrc-dibly great, tr m
grjid and filvcr Coin, he c-arriid away twenty-hv.> UyM
of Ri^tf}, making upwards of thirty-one Millions ol m

' U it »er7 (VHlcnt, from ihu venr fingulir uxl ■ uilnui Conyefftl on. thji. in the Oplnkm of KiM' SM, iiothi«g co«,M fcture « CmtimtM
hlu Uuu of tt« »«0|ur», bul * lUiulii K ^ml Hfll iiilii|>liti«d Army, iooll.\niJy kvpt on tovt, and M conlUntly Up( in ROOil OrJcr. The Keiajiu
»iot hird to find oat : Ir, C.>.inirwi wlinr Die friifAt lu»» l.itKitf in<l l'iot>frly, ctipy h.ivc 110 Icmpcalioin, m, JI kill, »ery Itw, to ci;i)m> '-'
to overturn iha: ConiUtuiioii, m loiui • (untiiuiiciil, by wliich, ut uwlcr »hKh ihcy enjoy f*.h ■\d»«iimo ; «nd m ak llicit Counti) i' 1"^"
from ibruid, they wc hcirty «ik1 Malum 111 drlriHliny 11. Hui 111 (mh Cuunttin «» art under jibitiary Prini*', a; none havecillirr liwm ""J
perry, fo none but f«.h a. «n liir«l tu fcijbt, »,l| |,|bl 111 Otfcntt- of ii»| poott v, hich beloniji W vue whom (>erh»pi thi y Itit, nlhcr Om ci;.
or, u in tiiu Lilr. neither f»r bun nut bivi' liini „

> 1 hi. .1 «iv.i).er Ptool, th*i there i> lu, )Kibiuil D)l1ctnp«t fo hard loeure, >i t riveiieJ I.uiury »nd tola! Coiturtion. One wnjU lutwj.^y m|-
«me. lUi there cooH net be ui N<luit a betitt Hcmclv tuntriitj, i.r 41 lu-Ul ..lie uioie cffc<:;iul than ihii. uhich wai devifcd by ■^■•■'"f' '
b.: cvcu thii «t fee d:d ii. t u(-eiiiu. \S lule ilir Mid Mil hw u|(,ii ilieni, tbey funk uiJer it, »nd (jroined under tlu- immf J .i:r Senfe "I «'" - "
terinni. but b«r letnirg ck I'ilienii, u luun *i lU UulUk » withdiiwu, ihcy reUi'lc jgaiii into iherr former CoiiJilion. » J I'^^'P ■>' '"-.™ -j '''.'^
We miy, ho*r»er. venture to preJifl, that the DiHaluliiiti ijf ihii Goimiment u m land, aT.J th.ii it will nut be !oii^ before *e heir ol /«.;■■
being o»ei lun by fbteign Kntmit., 01 a uf tv I'ainjiy tidfd 10 lb( Thiuiit by fomc forunale lirfuiietb ;n.

Mur.cy,

Hiran, all the Oniralu alighted, and followed rm fo<it t»
the I">«ior of the private Divan, where NsJir Sb.ik wai \
there the Kmpefor « amr out ol his Royal latter ami went ui.
After they had mutually embratnl, thev brvaklallcd to-
gether, and the Umrahi (ikewilr had Hreakfait given thcin.
A little after the lolk>wing I hings wrir bnmglit in lor
MthammtJ SM, viz. a Crown richly let with Jewels, a
Sirpeath, or Fillet, lo be worn ro«ind lh« 1 urban Uke-
wilr let With Jewels, a Bracelet richly atliKOeil, a Girdle
of great Value, two Swords, ih« Hamlirs lei with Jewels,
an enameled Cuttarry or Pagg" I J*** Crown NiJir
Sttb put on with his own Mantis, making liim an A|Milo-
gy at the fame time. Aliri giving him l<>me Ailviie he
took leave of him \ theSubltanceol the .Advice, wa« m this
l^jqwlc I " In the firlt PiKe, you mult Iri/e all ihi- Dm-
" rahs and Jarmrit and pay each of them according lo
•* their Manfubt and Rank, wuh reatly Money out ot the
" Trealury. You are* m allow none in keep any Iwcei
" ol his own, but you ymirfelf are conltanily lo keep
♦• Sixty thouliind r^lirn llorfemen, at (ixty Kii|>»is/>*r
•• Month, one with another i every ten Men lo luvr one
" Dehbdhi, every ten IVhlsalliis one .Stxlival, and every
" ten Sudivals or^e Maz7ari. You imglit In l«r well ac-
" Quiimed with the Merit ol e.uh, their Name, their
'• Family, and Nation, not allowing any ot ihrtsi, Olli< f rs,
«' .Soldten, or others, to be idle or inat'tivcv w lien any
" IKcalion may Vqdirr, datat h a IuIVk lent Nuinl»er iimlrr
" thi. Command laf one whom you ran inilV l<>r 1 onttuCt,
'* Courage, and l-nilitv ; and whenihat Burimlsit over,
" recall them immediately, pot Irtiing any Petlons (hy
" too long in Command, for tear ol liad Conle<|urnres.
" You are more partinilarly to Ifware of A/t.rw al
" Mulntk, whom, bj his Ci>nduc'l, I find lo Ik full of
" Cunning and frif interefted, and more ambitious than
" becomes a Subjert". MfhammfJ .Viv»*, knowing tliefe
Advices proceeded from (iikxI-wiII, was vcfv thankful,
and delired him, a\ his Kmpirr depentleil on hint, that he
would appoint thole whom lie thought molt tiefiiving of
the principal Pofts. Nadir Sbab laid, •• That will not
*• be at all for your Interrlt, huh OlHrrrs will jiavf little
** Deference for you in my Ablincr. When I nin^nne.
'• difpofe of every Port to thofr wliom ycni thmk moft
" worthy ■, and (hould thry, or any ol ihem tcM, upon
" the firft Advice, I will (end a I'erCon to chaltiCe iliem j
" if it t)e ncce/rary, I will femi l-unrs, or, on Orralion,
" I can be with you myfell in forty Days from KuniUiar i
" but, at all I-lvents, don't reckon nic far olf. " Af-
ter this, Mobammtd Sbab, taking Leave, rrttirned bark to
.Iryjh Mabl, from whence he gave the Omrahs l,eave to
go honie. On the Second •)! Mty, Kiiir Sbab lent for
Nizam al Mulud, SirhullinJ Kban, and ihe other ()ni-
rahs, and having enjoineil OlKtlieiue fn M^bimmcd Sbab,
and threatened them, in cafe of Relxllion, t(M;k hii I.tave*.
It was whi(i)errd, that Nadir Sbab declaretl before fomc
of his Omrahs, that he ha<l »iM indilVrettly in regard to
two Things -, one was, his giving the Km|>ire to Mibitm-
mtd Sbab, who being unequal to lo great a TaHc, the Af-
faits of India would become worlit llun fornieily. The
iithcr his giving Quarter trj Nizam at Mmmk, who iKringfo
very fubtile and crafty, it was more than probablr, he would
ruife a Difturt»nce ; but, as aciurding 10 the Decrirs uf
Prtjvidcnce, and the AfTiftaiiceoi their own good Fortune,
he had once paflTcd his Word to them, he would not adt
contrary thereto. Thii (hews the 'Iem|)er and Spirit of
this Conoueror, and his Rrfolntion to do nothing that
might deftroy that Confidence which even Im Enemies rc-
pofcd in him.

Chap. II.

Mogul E m p i r fi.

Muneyi m {""M -"nil Silver Plate he rarrinl «way five
troffn •'' Jewel*, whkh he twok Irnm the Kmjjeror and
ih OiiimK cwenty-live Crorei. lie fci/«l lik.wi(e die
Unujin Fcacock Throne, aiut nine nelirrs valueil at ai
nuiy Crure* ol Rtffti. In linr, Lloiln, ruh Stulli,
inJ other valuable Commodities, he pu knl up fix Crnn i
ni, rr, lo that in the whole, he rcrtivcd at Icall I'lvcniy
Liira, which make cigiity-lcvcn M !liom jind an luit ot
(jiir Money, f Ic took with hiin hkcw '<- a thouland hie-
ihiPis ftvcn thoulaml Horlcit, ten thouloti I CanieN, and
ibout i fhoufand Artificer* ot llvrjl fom. | |/i O Ren
iiidSolilicn accjiiired by I'luiKlcr tin t/of<-» ol A../" •
Df ewclve Miliums anil an '■alt" ot our M(ai<-y ■, the
Chargrt of hii Army, while u mtinucd i/i r t- Tcr-
fitorinol the Mogul, the Arrears 1' uiil (iratuitirs *l
vinceil them, tui^ether with the IkhxIs triy ilcilroyed by
hrc, and other A^ti uC l-'ury and Uilulatia' , could nut
tjli much, if any thing, Ihort of" twenty Crt.rr s more i
md if to tliii we add the Lofi IlifTcrrd t)y the I'limdrr
ut the City ut Dttfy, and the Kava^fcii coniinitted in tlio
Mirchtoand from thence, the entire L(j1> ludainrd by the
Inhabitant* of thii Kmpire, will not bi- 1 x.in<',tr.itctl, il coin-
(/Uicd It an Arrib ot" Ruptis^ or an huniJrcd and twenty-
live Milliuni Sterling. Again, a^ to the Ntimbcr of Her-
I ni dctlroyed in the March Irum Labor, in the Batik of
O.rnal, in the March to Dehly, in the ^.cncrul Malliicre
thrrr, and in the Conleqiiences of it, I'uih as Self Mur-
iltf, Famine, and itbitrary Funilliment>, it is believed
ihirt could not fall lei's than two hundred thouland I'cr-
lons, uf all Ranki, Sexes and Agrs.

Hut it W.IS nut only Blood and 'I'reafiire that paid Tor
this Invafiuii, but Dominions alio, tor A'<ii//> Sbnb requir-
rJ, and obtained, an abfulute Cefliun ut all the I'errito-
ii« then polTil's'd by the Indian Moii.irch on the Well-
Side ot the Kiver /Ulock, by which Mcani Pci//j)r, with
i!^ TcrrituiKS, the Principality of Cabul, anil fcvcral
tt.r Countries, were yielded to Ptr/m ' \ lb that the l''x-
1 t ol that Monarchy on this Side, is much larger than
It WIS before Nadir-Shah came to the Crown.

Thus we have traced the Hiftory of this Tarlar Em-
pire m the hiitri, from its firft Rife, to the prefent Times,
t.iri)Ut;h the Courfe of three hundred and forty Years and
i\-\ riJs. It il. bv the help of this Hiftory, that the fub-
I >;i it I'art of this Work will be rendered perfedlly in-
telligible, kcaufe from thence we fee how all Parts of
the hi;;her Jfia changed their (iovcrnmcnt, and in a ^reat
Mcafurc their Inhabitants, fince it is certain, that from
being the purcft and moft iinmix'd People in the World,
their Ci:ii % came to be filled by a vaft Variety of differ-
tiit Nations, and thofe too of dilTerent Faiths. Firft,
til.. W4$ oicalioncd by the utter Deftrudion of the Pcrft-
«« Monarchy by the Arabs, which drove the Natives of
that Country, who have lince been called Pirfees, and of
late P.ir/Ts, into all Parts of /f/ia, but more elpecially in-
to InJiu, wlicre the Manners of the People, and the Laws
(if their Country, very nearly rerembled their own. The
Mohammedans next, for the lake of Trade, came to plant
thcmlcivis in the Indies, where, when they once found
fhcmfelvcs llrong enough, they leized fuch Parts of the
Country as were moll convenient for them, and fettled fe-
vcral Principalities, but particularly that under Sultan Mo-
kmmtd, which gave the great 'Timur fo much Trouble,
*h( n he firll invaded Indojlan, and which w;is afterwards
lu long famous under the Title of the Kingdom of the
PMtans. The Tarlarsy as has been before obfervcd in
ific iall Scdion, had made fcveral Incurfions into thefc
Countries, to the great Dirturbancc of the Inhabitants,
who were likewifc very much diftrclled by the continual
Quarrels and frequent Wars among tiieir own Princes,
who by this Means weakened and deftroyed that Force
which was abfolutely necelFary to their common Safety.
It IS very dear therefore, that the State of the Indies was
fnuth alt-Ted from what it was in the Time of the An-
cients, and conlcqucntly the Inhabitants were much lefs

Me to refift the Attrmpu that werr ni.iJe upon their lj«
bcrties fiy the t.urtpeani.

For, in the firft I'arr, tliey had been totally - nrvated
by their Luxury, w' ufi drew upon (lu-m thole Divifiont
and Diftra^ioni whi li rendered them a-i rify Puy t-i th«
Maimmmedam and V aiiari. Neither was thu at .1 I • uied
by their Miitortunt- , fur tho' it be niniral rnough (or
a |)oor and hardy Nation to attain by How Degrees, and
unwearied F.ndcavoiirii, to Weahh and Power » yet it ii
neither rrafunable to vt^^ti, nor iloes I lillory make it at
all [irobable, that when once a Nation hat bem corrupted
in its Morali, and foftened in its Manners, to a gre.it De«
^rf, it has ever recuvcred its former remi)er ami Spirit,
tho' brought again into ai great Poverty and Diftrli, a*
when it hrft ftruggled for Empire. This was the Situa-
tifi'i of the Indians precifcly, when they were firft known
to the Portugutv \ that is to fiiy, they lud attained to th«
moft flouriftiiiig Condition that ivrhaps ever any Nation
enjoyed, and by abulinfj their Wealth and Pov cfj had
funk into all the Depths of Luxuiy by which the Vukc of
Slavery ii i'l been brought upon their Necks \ whicli tho*
they bore with Impatience, yet they wanted both Force
and Virtue to throsv oft", living ftill in perpetual Feuds
and Animoftties againft each other, and ilelif^htinf, a«
much as ever in that Sloth and Love ot Pleafure winch
had brought them into thefc Misfortunes.

After having thel'e leading Circumftanccs clearly laid
down to us, and our making a few necrftary Remarks up-
on them, from the Lights of Rrafon and Experience, we
flull be as well prep.ired as we can defire for the pcrufal
uf the remaining Part of this Work, and be callable of
entering fully into the Spirit and Meaning of it. We
Ihall fee how far we have Reafun to exped, that modern
Writers fttould agree, and how far we may fuppofe, they
nnift differ from, the Authors of Antiquity, ttiu' writing
of the fame Places, and of the tame People. We cannot
but believe, that in the great Points of Government, and
what may be called the Exteriors of a Conftitution, there
muft be ftill a very apparent Likcnefs between the anci-
cnt Indians and the moderns, becaufe thefc are things per-
tnanent in their Nature, as we fee inthcCuftomsofthc7rt«;i
and other Nations. Accordingly we find, that as to their
Divifion into Tribes, their Form of Government, and
their ordinary Manner of Living, the modern Indians rc-
femble thofe defcribcd by the Ancients fo much, that there
can be no manner of Doubt of their being the fame Peo-
ple, or of the Truth of thofe Relations that arc delivered
to us from the moft early Times.

In the next Place, we find the Religion of the Indians
exadly in that Situation in which we inii^ht expert it, that
is, exceedingly altered and corrupted, intermixed with
many Notions, Fables and Ceremonies, taken from the
Dodtrines maintained by the feveral Nations with whom
they have fince converlcd. Laftly, in refpeft to Trade,
the Inhabitants of the Indies appear very much changed
from what they were, but changed in a Manner Very luit-
able to the Accidents that have befallen that Nation.
They have no longer that Openncfs and Freedom in their
Dealings, that Julticc and Integrity in the Performance of
their Contradls, that ReguLirity in their Proceedings, or
that ftrirt regard for their Words, which heretofore ren-
dered them famous \ but they are to this Day induftriou*
and indefatigable, excellent in the feveral Manufaiflures vo
which they apply themfelves, and more attentive than ever
to the concealing thofe Secrets which relate to them.
The Commodities, and the wrought Goods of this Coun-
try, arc fuch as perfertly corrcfpond with the ancient Ac-
counts of them i lb that taking things altogether, there is
as much Affinity between the old and the new Relations of
this Country, and its Inhabitants, as the foregoing Parti-
culars attentively confidered, we can pofTibly require.

The Subjeft, as it has been hitherto purfued, has lead
us into Abundance of troublefomc Digreflions, lome per-
plexed and abftrufe Inquiries, and through Roads into

' The River Aiiui n a linle Stream, as it is reprefented ir» feme Maps, which divides the Provence of Uhr from chat of P>iM , but in Truth
" » » vry larfic and rapid Ru-er. which is lord.,ble only in one PLue. which i, defended by . llrong Callle clled the C:. lie ot A„«k So th« by
•«ue ol ,hi, IriMty. iWrr are Ibur hovincc cut oft' t'om the Mogul's Empire, and annex'd to UuS o» fn.ia, the EalUtn Bowidwy of v^hich li
13* ihij River jud (he Hirer /nAi.

1 1

'• 111 i^

1' '

•)!::

Ni;

MB.

45-

8 F

which

■! i i

PI'

i 1

, it., I I

I iS.

i4f I:,

662

7/j^ H ISrO RT of the

Book I.

wliich not lung couKI t.irry an Autlior but the Lovc of Trutli.
If either the Search ot 1-ilc to nniclf, or the 1 Vfiic ot ac(|uir-
ing falfc Fame by amuling my Readers with jikafiiit Ri-
lations could have diverted me from the l-.xcciition ot
the Plan laid down «t the Ojieningof this Chapter, I nii^lit
uiidoubtciily have- taken my Journey over plainer Ground,
and through a more cultivated Country, I nn an that ot
llilpicious Voy.i{;ts, where wc are more iniltbtcd to the
Imagination, than tu the Induftry of the Writers i hut I
was convinced, that tius kind of 1 lillury uf the Indies,

\v.is a thing equally wanted and iir fired to comt,I,« ,1
Ln.verfal Hillory it 1 may lo tixak. of Voy J
1 ravels t I thought 1 iTiould render a greater Sitvk'
the Fublick in compiling vhat had never been dio.!,"!
betorc, than by tacking to-etiier Piece alt;T Piece h
had iKcn iKtorc made publick : As this i, now |in,(iJ
and we enter in the next Set^tion on modern Vov.i2c« U
tcr n^yfelt, the Rcailer will, at every Strn, .^la'rn ,1
great Imp)rtance, and fingular Utility ol tlie lurroa-.
I'art ot thi& Chapter. = "

i SECTION XXIII.

Acotnplcnt Hijiory of the Rife and Progrcfs of the Portuguczc Empire in the Eaft-Indie?-
their DifcovcTiL'sfet forth in their natural Order ; the Form of their Government m
thofe Parts cxphrined ; the Caufes of the Declcnfion of their Power examined j aud th
prcfcnt Poftu re <?/*//&t'/> Affairs, in this Part oj the IVorldy truly fated.

CoIlc(5led chiefly from their men Writers.

I. j4ii introJuilcry Difccrirft; Jbru-ing the Dffign cf (his S.SIicn, and the McthoJ o/>/cr'i:iJ tLrnn. 2. V.:
DifiCicrUs made h\- the I'ortuguezc /;; th: fifteenth Qntury, and (he Motives "d'hich itiduccd th,m to utti;!:-'
a niTW Pujjagt- to the Indies. ;. The Dijhvery of the Cape of Good Hope, hy 15.irtholomc\v Diaz,,,' J
the Reafous lihy it idis fo rullfd. 4. The ghrious Expedition of Vafqiicz dc Cama to the Inilics, /v .',(;;
;/(-TO Fajage, and his Exploits there. 5. The fecond f'oyage to the Indies, under the CcmmanJofDcnhin
Alvarez dc C'apral, -u-ho in his Pajjage difcovered Brazil. 6. The King c/' Portugal y.wr/; Den V;ifqucide
(Jama agi:in into the l^i/i. 7. ylfreiirs of the Portugiic7c to the ylrrival cf the two Albuqucrqucs
in the Indie-;. 9. Don Francis d'Almcyda/'w/ uith the Title of Viceroy. 9. The noble yJcls, andixUn-
/riv Cowy/ziy/i 'j/^^'" Alphontb d'Alliuquerque. 10. The great Ifars carried on />y, and the proJi^ic:,:
Succefs of the Porniguezc in the In<iies. 11. A fuccinci Account of their Affairs to the Vnion c/ tk
Crcuns c/'Sp.;in and Portugal. 12. The Reafons lihich oblige us to dijUnguiJIj het'ujeen their Ccnfueihani
Difioveries, 1 3. The Maldives and Ceylon, frji kno^vn to the Portugucze. 14. They d/it Sumatra, od
the adjacent IJlandi. 1 5. The important Difcovery of the Moluccas, or Spicc-Iflaiuis. 1 6. The Portu>;ucr:
firjl vifit the Ccafls c/'China. 1 7. The I/lands de los Ladroncs, difcoirred. i H. The large Ijlami of Celebes
//;■// vi/ited hv 'he Portuguczc. 19. They di [cover likewife the IJlands in the Strei^bts (/Sonda. 20.7:.'
Coa/!s f'/ New Caiiiica, frJl knou-n to the luiropcans. 21. The Difcovery and Ccnquejt of the Philippics
22. Tl:e firjl loVi-ge made by the Portuguc/e to Japan. 23. Attempts made to dijlover the LtinJf\\tQ,
and to the North. 24. The Hif/cry of the New Philippine;, nc'er before pubtijhed in our Lan^u.)^;.
25. An /teeci/nt cf the Caroline I/lands, the lajl difcnered in this Part of the Globe. 26. The Hiitcryf
the Poitugut/c C.'.mn:erce in the Indic<^, refumed. 27. St-veral cf their principal Colonies hjl, loidvr.urJ
hvw. 2H, The great Declenfwn (f their Power in the Indies. 29. The Caufes of that Declenfion iim'.r;!
intc, and explained. 30. The prefent State of the Portuguczc Settlements and Ccmmene. ^\. Their k-
portanee to the Cro^iCn c/' Portugal conjiderea. 32. Conjeilures as to the future State of their jljan.
^3. Obfervations and Remarks upon the foregoing Seition.

ii vi

I. r I ^ H I", nifcovcrie? .ind Conqiicfts of the Porlu^ufze
^ take up not on!y fo large a Part ot their own lli-
tlorie-i, b\iL make (b confulcrablc a 1- igure in thole ot huroffe,
and olxjve ,i!ltontrrn tlic Subjr(5t ot this C iiajitcr lu nearly,
that 1 lind myfelf ol)lij!,ed to treat this Matter in fuch an
I'xtrnt, as that it may anl'wcr rlie Reader's l-'jtpeci.iiion.s,
aiu! tiillil what I have j;romilec! tor it in the original I'lan of
this Work. We have nlicady many large and well writ-
frn Ikxjks in fcvcral Iaiiguajj;es, and ibme in our own,
which promife a cumpleat Hil^ory of the I-'.xp!oits of tins
Nation in th.- V^W -, liut r.one (jf tliefc come up to what I
l.avc in \'icw. They take in only a c,-tt.un l'eri(Mi of
■J'iine, and are raih<r cakulat'd to nilorin us ot the Ac-
tions of the fcveral Admiral'., Governors, and Coniinaiid-
«T4 in chief, than to give us a coniplcat Idea of the Rile,
I'rot^rtfs. and ^)etle.^ll()n of the Pi,riu^uiz.c P(j»er in thole
P.irfS which is what I aim at, aini which, (.od williii^;,
(ball Ix* (K-rionned in the Comp.ils of this Set'tion.

But t I kcji within due lit-uiids, aiu! to bring io vaft a
Field ot Matter wiiliin Coiiipals, I have lyimd it n-celiary
I jr my Reader's I'.afi-, and my own, to h.ive Unwuile to
the followinj.; Method. In the liill place, 1 fh.ill give a
general and luciu/t Account with dii< Regard to I'rrtons
Circximi'.ai.ccs, and Time, > I the hrll Diimvcrirs and Con-
CU'iKot tlie l'r,r:ugu,i-, the (tioWlli ul llieir llllcilr 111 the

i^ll, and t.'icir kveral l-.llaUiiliiiients, tiU other i-.utofe.in

Nations b< gan to interfere with them in thnfe Parts, niih-
out rui.tiiiig into any Digiellions as to the niliovcrits ma.:
by particular Perfons, and by this means I hapctog:vci
dear and eafy .Acrount of that great .-Vlteratioii maJe i.i the
Commerce of all Eurcp:, liy thi- Dircovery cl a >;irf(!t I'a-
lage by .Sea U) the huus. Hut as in the lull .;iKnt P,rui
this Work, it will be (ound extremely requiiite 10 have Ka-
courfc to the particular Diltuveries am! full Intcrcourubr-
tween the Pcrtugue^e and Itveral buli-m N.itHiiis, I ll» 1
n'-xt endeavour "to ll.ite with all t!ie Brevity that istomiiic;!
with fiich a Defign, the rartuular Difcoveries that h-ivc
Ix-cn made l)y this Nation, or by the 6>v/;„t,.j, wd"'":-
(juired all th.u they poll; Is in the K.ijl- hiJnu in light d
the Ihrtu^ueze down to the prelent .Age; ai:d when i;'i> is
done, I ihall rellime the ge.-cral Ilillory ot their bir.pirf,
Ibew the triir ( aufcs of its Daleiuion, and comluilc wnn
a fair and dillma Account ot tlicir prefent I'olidlwusin
thole Parts.

'Jhis, I conceive, will fully anfwer our Ir.tcntion ot rf
prelentmg as actuiately as is polbblc the P.>i;rd» ut this
Ti.u!e, whidi, with lo much l..i!'.>.ur, we ha»v c.>n.i;.t:^
from the v<iy eaihelt Ages ; and i.i this n.aniierui m^
u, the Matter contained in this .Sation, thoUi;ti i'<>t •'""•
hitely new in itfeif. will, ho«ev:i, aj^p-ar in •» L'Si'': "'^
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Portuguese f,wplre in the Kafl-Indies.

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..,;i.], in!_' inch w v.ifl Abun'lance of MatcrLils, as tlii; Por-
„i'Afu Hitlorians ami tlioO of other N.iticmv who have
,, rated "II tlitlircnt I'arts of this Subje't't !iavc anialRJ,
>vitl.in tlif Hounds ot one Scftion, arul that too of no great
^i/.f, will require great Diligcruc, anci put mv under tiie
Sici'llity of laying a'ide many things which tliol.- Writers
; , '.(.lit worthy ot tranlhiitting to I'ollerity. ISut this will
I,.- lo tar fr-Jin provi;^g in any rcfpcdt prcjudici.il to th;.-
R'ailer, that it will on tlu' contrary turn to his Advantage,
hiTaili' it wdl free him from the TroublL- of rumiir.g thru'
a long C'ourtc of trilling Circtimllances that have fittlc or
nothing to do with the main I'oint.

For, as to the copious and fwciling Panogyricks on par-
ticular Captains the long Accounts of the lYavels antl La-
Iwy.Ts of Millionaries, and that pompous D.tail of Ciiun !i
Hi;bry, which makes up at kail two-thirds of what thefe
Amliurs have delivered, they are certainly Matters that an
£"?////' Fer-iler would be tempted to hurry over as fail as
poiii'.ile, and therefore the Oniillion of them mull contri-
bute not only to the Kicgance, but to the Ulefulnelsof this
IViforniance. Indeed, when freed from tiiefe and other
cuinlirous Circumilanccs, there cannot be ai;y thing more
p!e.ila;'.t or entertaining, and at the lame time more curious
and inllrii^iive than this Part of our Hillory, in which we
fee what miglity things may be perlbrmed Ijy Courage, In-
ikillry, and Application, and how I'oon even the imalkll;
States, by cultivating a maritime Power, become potuit
ami fomlderable.

1 he little Kingdom of rorliigal\% boundetl on the Nortli
a;u! on the Kail liy leviral Provinces of Sj\i!ii, and on the
S;)uih and Weil by the JtlnmUk Ocean. It extends I'rom
37° to 42° of North 1 .atitude, and lies betv.ecn the ■j^ and
10° Longitude Weil iro'n LonJon. It is in I.cr.gth from
Niirtli to South alicjut tluee hundred Miks, and in Ureadth
iVom k'.all to Weilaboutone hundred. The Climate is plea-
lant and wholeiijme, the Soil fertile in ii)nif Pkiees, but not
1:1 ni,iny, ib that they arc iupplicd with Corn liy us, and
liy the Dutib. This Country was formerly i'amous lor
(iolil, but for many Ages th'.re has been none, or at leail
ii;;t litde of that precious Metal found there. There is,
I'licci!, a very rich .Silver Mine at GiucaHina, ilill
■.v!Qtit;ht withconliderable I'rofir ; but the principal Advan-
O'^c ut Perineal is its Situation on the Sea, and the l-'.x-
(tilcnee of its llabours. That ot Lijhoit, ii' we extend it
ticiii .'i7. litnel'i above it, to the Bay of C^fcais, at the
Mciuth of the River, is four or five Leagues long •, but if
wc only take in that Part of it about the Town, where
Slaps ride in the greatell Security from Storms and Enemies
in eighteen l''atliom Water, it will contain fcveral tiiouland
S.iil ; the l-'.ntry of it indeed is h.izardous without a Pilot,
hi;t on the other hand, Sliips r'de iecurely when they are
in ir, being covered by the II ills on wliicli the City iiands
(in L\\- Side, and l)y the oppolite Banks, wliii h are very
hyh, oil the other. Th.erc are, Ixlidcs this, kvtral other
good I'orts in this Kingdom, the Subjeds of which have
i>tL-ii always famous for their .Application to Maritime Af-
t.iiis, and alter they hail driven the Moors out of their
Ciiritiy, followed tliern into thi'ir own, and, under the
kii.;n of King John t/.v Firjl, ilefeated them in a great
k'.ti;, ami took from them tlie Portrels of G.y/o, which
i''iil remains in the Power of the Crown of Spain'.

It was to the Zeal and Magnanimity of the Infant Don
//«r\', the I'itth Son of this King "Jobiu that the Portu-
^••.'2.' Hand indebted for all that (ilory which tliey have ac-
>!' iral by their Dilcoverics and Conquells in the Kail, aii-l
^^■•' may jullly conlider the Attempts made by them at tliis
.lu'iLture, as the more extraordinary, linee tiieir Country
^' i'> Init juil recovered from a long and dangerous Civil
^\:ir, the Power of their Prince very far from l)'.ing great,
■inanees very low, and the Country ib indifiVrently jx-o-
1 fli It he W.IS o!)lit;id to have Ktcourfe to other Na-

rio not mean in Comparillm of the Fleets fitted otit in our
TiiiKs, but of thofe that were then cmplovd by the Crown
o\ Spain, antl the Kepublicks of //^ Vet under thefe
Dilcoiiragements, this Spirit of Trade and Navigation not
only i'prung up, bur [u-olpered ; and this too, notwithftand-
mg that many oi' their Statcfmen were very avcrfc to fuch
Undertakings, from the Danger and Difficulties that at-
tended them i nor could they in all probability have been
carried nito Execution, but from the Zeal of the Clergy,
who, out of a Defire of propagating the Chriilian Faith,
promoted them to the utmoft of their Power.

2. The Infai^t Don Ihnry Count tie Vifco was a Prince
endowed with all the great C^ialities that di'llinguiili Heroes
from other Men. 1 le had Ihewn his Courage'in his Youth
in the Wars againll the Moors •, but he was far from valu-
ing himielf on the Power of deftroying or making miier-
ablc his Fellow-creatures, and therttbre thought the proper
Objcd of Valour was the facing thofe Dangers that hin-
dered the Profecutionof llichDelignsas might be benelrcial
to the human Species. He relc!-. el therefore to makt;
himiedf Mafler of tlr Canaries, which were then in the
1 faneis of Maciot de Bclbancourt, who held them under a
Cirant from the King of dijlille, and who for a valuable
Coniiiieration made over his Right to Prince Henry about
the Year 1406. He flnt Ferdidand de Ciftro, who was at
that time Mailer of his Houfhold, to take PofTelTion of
them, and conceiving that they might be of great Uie in
tlie Difcovery of the Coafts of the great Continent of
Africa, which were then very little known, he began about
the Year 1410, to fit out Slups for that Purpofe, and took
Spaniards, and others wh.o were (killed in Navigation, into
his Service for that I'm pole.

The utmoll Limits of the South-wefl Part of Jfrica,
then known to the Porttiguize, was a Cape running out
from the Foot eif Mount .h'las, the proper Name of which
was Chaunar, butcalled by the Seamen Cape A")?;;, iituated in
the Latitude of 28° 10' North ; and thefe VelTels procecdeel
along tire Coall to Cape Bcjadcre, in 26° North Latituele-,
but they had not the Courage to double it. In 1418 Trif-
tan-yaz difcovered the Ifland of Pcrto-Sanio, ami gave it
that Naine, bccaufe he iirll faw it on the Fcall of /111
Saints. The next Year the Pcrtttgueze difcovered the Ifiand
of Madeira, to which they gave that Name, on account of
its being covered with Wood. In 1439, •'■ Fortugiiez:
Captain doubled Cape Boj.-rdore, wiiich lome think is the
fame that in the Writing of Ptolemy is called Cape Canarca.
The next Year they failed as high as Cape Blanco, in t!ie
Latitude of 20°, and iuon after difcovered the Rio delOro,
with ievcral fmall Iflands upon theCoafl. In 1446, Nuno
Trijlan doubled Cape Verd, in the L,atitude of 14° 40'. In
144!), in the Spring, Don Gonzalo Vallo failed to the
lllaneis called Jforres, or the Havjk-ljlands, from the Word
^■ifsr, which, m the Spanijh Language', fignifies a Hawk.
They, were at that Time uninhabited, and were fettled by
this Commander, who did not, however, viiitat this Time
the Iilands of flores and Corvo, which were fettled, as we
liave tllcwhere obferveel, by fomcFlemings, and from thence
were calleel the Flcmijh Wands.

In the Year i.\-\<-j, the IHands of Cape ?^cr<i were difco-
vered on the Behalf of the Infant Don Henry \ the lirll of
thele W.1S called the liland of Mcy, becauie they came thither
on Mayday, and at the i'.ime time they bellowed the Names
of Si. James, and St. Philip on two ot thoic Iflands, the rell
rcmaiiiing undifcovereu till tlie Year 14O0. The Prcgrels
maele by the Infant Don Henry, gave great Satisfaction to
the Princes that poileifed the Crown eit Porlugal, inlbmuch
that King /lipbonfo IV. or rather the Iiilant Don Pedro,
who governed the Kingdoin during his Minority, made
him a Cirant of the lilaneis of Porio-Santo and Madeira.
The Infant, however, judged it rec,uil';te, accordine; to the
Cullejiu of thofe Times, to eibt-iin the Sanction of tue i ioly
See, and for tliat K-.dbn fent Don F.'rdinarJ LcpiZ d'.izc-
irdo as his EmbalVailor tei Pope Martin V. who, as the

I'hI

[••'". tor Men to recruit his Armies, and to ierve on Boarel

''■'fi'J'ls, which we;e very iar tioin being conlielerab'e ; I

' It w.iv \cr\ fir from ln-|pj; my Intention to give ihc RckIct citi.cr a Dcicription of the KingJom of P^rft,-,:,'. or the Hiilorv ol it, .'01 botli
"' ''i;; to ihc lutccolitig \ ,.!imu-. W hit I ti.iu' la;il in ihc 1 f.st vv;!< purclv m render the luLkqne-nt I'.irt ut ihi, Staioii [-frtL-nly cle::r, ana well
im-,e-ai-d I).- cunii).iiinr ihe force nf the K.nii;do:n ot i'cr/.vivi.' with tlic Ooiuiucll» gaincJ by tlie P.riu-u.s: in the l::ll-li;::a, he will be made
' ' 'fMlblc of the liuti'i ol my Remain.!, ana liv altciidinsj'tj the Sruation cf iiii> Country, he will be faii^f.eJ, that tlurc v.ms noting in ic
' '* liiiii .1 NuiiuM':. tiir mi'^; iheir TliHiiyhti to tbat f u whi^M .Siiiure ilcl'ii^iied liieni i for >viiii Krli'eCt to iuij fi:.i:.i \'oy.igi'-, as the /\it ol iNavi-
i''-'^ llicn lljo.l, ii.e /'/•.. ;.,«/ wcii Uciier U.iU'.l lii.m .nj e;'..u I'tojile in /;.vit;.-.

1 '

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rhe HISrORT of the

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thing coft him very little, m.iilc a free Grant to the Crown
of Pcrtugai ol Jl that rtioulJ be dillyvcrcd on that Suie as
far as the Indies. This Bull is ilate<i in 1444, ami wascon-
lirmoJ by his SuccclTors, Eii^oiius IV. Ni:t':.\is V. ajul
Sixtus IV. which ociafioneil aftcrwanls high Dilputes'".

In 1471, Pedro ti'Efcevar, ilifcovcrt'd the lllaml oi' St.
Titmas, and Prineej- IJland, ami on the firll Day ot ihe
next Year another Iflaiul on the fame Coaft, which for that
Rcalbn he tailed .-Mno Bucno, which is the lame that is
now called corrxiptly Jnnoton. In 14S4, Ditj^o Cm, a
Poriufrutzf, difcovcrcd the Kingdom ut Coni^o, and iiaving
heard" there of a C^hriftian Monanli, who rcipncil in
Eihicpiei, he magnifiai iiis I'ower lo much on hii Return,
that Jdn II. who was at th.U Time on tlic I'lironc, took
a Refolution to fend hy Land two I'erlons hf couki trull,
to gain lome certain Ititclligence of this Chriltian Prince,
whom he judged to he I'rcH'yter JobH,in^^ atthc fame time to
giin the iiiolt fatisfadory Knowledge they could ut the .St.ste
of the hiiei. The Terlons who went with thisCommillion,
were Pedro de Cevillan .ind Alphonfo de Pnyva, who had IhiCt
Orders to coinmit to Writing wh.itcver they jui'gcd W'jrthy
ut N(itice i but more efpfcialiy the Situation of Places, and
tlir Navigition on the Coaft of Ethiopia, by whicl> it was
judgtd lome Diftovcry might be made ot the Means of
palling by a ik w Rout to the indtcs. Our Travellers, who
lix)ke the .-h.-.biik Tongue p.-rfeclly, went togtthtr to
JltxanJna, and (rom thence to C'd.'v, from winch City
they iTocecded to the fair.oi;s Port ot Aden in yhrciia,
where thiy had an Opi^oiiimity of converfi.-ig with Traders
o\ all N.itioi'.s, and from all i'.irts ot the India, trom whom
ihcy Icained many things, wijich were of great Conle(]uence
to thetv, innfmuch that they ft emed to put it in their I'ower
to give the Kinp; a gowi Account of the (.ommilfion with
whiih they were intuilled. Here tiny relbived to part, in
order, that while uie :iiat!e a Tour througli the Indies, the
fitlier mi;^!',! go to the Court of tiie Kmperor of Ethiopia.
Accor»hngly, PtJra de CoviUan went to the Indtes. and
having nuiic a ver.- (\.:cl Map of the Coalts, he crolRil
tiie 4lra!/in') Si-a to /ifnca, and after having vifited mull
of the pni'.cipal Ports tliere, came to Sojala, fully per-
liiadcd, as well from the Reafon of the Thing, as from
the concurring 0\ inior.s ot the Seamen he converf>.d
with, that a (hurt, and eafy Pafljge, might be found
round the Ci.ntintnt of .I'fric: to the Inditj. Full of Joy,
from this Hilcovcry, ho made tiie lx.l\ of his Way to
Cairj, sshere !k- was to meet his Companion •, but when
he came thither, he was informed that the unfortunate ,//-
pl>onjj de Piina had Ix- en murdered on the Road to htbio-
pia. Me was fonxwhat at a L<jf'iasi(j the Mealbres which
he w.is next to take-, l)ur, alter mature Conlidtration, he
refo'vrd to acquaint the King wiili the Uil'coveries Ik- had
matle by letter, and to continue his Journey mio Eihio-
P'ti, that, at his Return to Pcriugii!, he might Ix- able to
fatisty the King, in every Rcf[>ei'l, to that his Majelly
niight n<^t l)c under a Niceiruy ot fending any othef Per-
lon to makf farther f lujuiiies. I Ic executed this lecond
Jfjurnry wiih the lame gfK)d Kottune that lie did the for-
mer, at kali at \\r: B.-(',inning, and was extremely well
rt reived by /lltxdii.iir, wlio was at that Time l'".mperor of
Atyjfiiiia, w!,o w.is extfcimiy well pleated with the OtTers
mailehini ot the AdirtaiKe of a [)oweilul Prince, and pro-
mifcd to trnd Pfdra de CmUan lack again with Ixttcrs

Book

to the King his M«fter » Init he .lyinp fuddcnly, |,i, ,
cefl-orA^«*« treatpil ow Poi^gnne, no, only w,t ,
nefs and Dilrefpcft. but with ,hc g,catrll e>u b ,
ing him 1^-avc to return home, and krri,nK lum '
Court M aPnIoncr orn.any^Var. Uo that m LC
concluded him dead, though he hvcd altcrwatduor
his Lil)crty '. "■"

3. Tiie Ihmc worthy King of Pom,^e,l Jthn II wl
he eiKicavoured, by theie hi. l.:n„ulladurs. toga.u
ed Knowledge ot the 1, -c ot the Imiies by LanJ ,
lected not the Profecutio. ot what had in-cn I0I.I
boured with the fame \iew at Sea. It was t,j Ijulitjtc,
Di-lign, that he employed Hiirihimau lh,iz, one ot
Courtiers, and a IVrlon remarkable lor great Pnultn
much fkill m the Ait ot Navigation, as wdl «,, (,„ irv
cible Courage, to pKxeed llill laiilur along the Souih-Li
ot .ifrtui, which accordingly he did m Uie Year u-
and executed hi;. Cumminioii with equal ComluCt imo S
eels. J le carried with him Icvcral Nigrixs, who i,,i,i [,
many Years in hit Service, mid who, Ikjih tmic tu tir
he let on Sliore, well drelfd, witli a linall Qiia,,,,;/
Gooils, on purpole th.it tlu y niigln mf ,mii the I'cJc
the Country how well they had Urn iiUd, and huwkiii,
treated by the PiirtU(,Ui.:.e. I le liktwil ia up ( n)[\n
Stone, Willi the Arn,s ot l\itu^,it engraven iiumtht
to atfert hii MulUt'i 'i«lc to the Couiiiiuj by inm ,
covered.

At lall, arriving in Sight of a high ea|>e, near wli
he met with very b.id VS'eaih. 1, he loll the Cuiiipanyol
viftualing Uaiki upon whuh his Ciew niuiuied.ruini.lj
ing, that it was too much to emUiie at our tmn.' tlic \\i
fliijMol the Sea and ot lamiiie. Hut Lainaiii Di,iz m
fenting to them, that the luiincr w.n not u- lie elca|;ai
going back, am! that the only means lluy had ut p
venting the latter, was to proceed till tluy ciiiic to loi
Place where they cculd get Kch<lhiiieiiisi lieprcvaildii
on them to double the Cai* , and to tail a giKxl Way I
yond it, to a Plate whcie he t leCled anoti.-r I'llLir
Stone t and having olitaiiied a hiia'l Supply he ru.nii
and, in his PalVagc liomcwaivU, met with Ins Bark m
in which, of nine Men that he had Idt, three onl/l
vived, and of tlieli: EerdniMd dUzzo died with Joy
the tirft Sight of his Captain, 3 le continued his Voy
fafcly to LtJhoH, where he arrived in Datmber i.^i']A
teen Months and leven Oays alter his letting cut, J
ing dil'covercd abovv- a thciul.iiid M lies along the Coall I

He gave tl»e King his Mailer, a very full Account n|
that had happened Co him, and inlilleil | articularly on
Dilfitulty with which he had doubled liiatlhipeiuiiuiisll
montory, which, from the llurmy SeaaUmt ;t, he; thul
tit to call Ctibo iormoniafo, that is, Ihe Timpejhcui C\
But the King, who tioiii the l,i|',liis he lud itcciviJiI
Covillan'i I a iters, knew how to lorm a right Juilnmci|
the Imponance of chit Dikoveiy, llikd it Cabo
BuENo Ksi'KR hhiA, or, liir. Capi! or Goou Hd
which Name it has ever liiice iriamed : I or lie law ell
from the Agreement U iwmi tin k Auouiits, that tliej
fagc was now open, and iliat theie waiiteil luit one Vol
more to linifli what tliry li.ul |.» iiukIi dcliral, ;;2J
finding a dirrf I Pallage by Si ,1 to the hyt Indies, \

But while King hin mevlitaled this great Delign il
Mind, and bulicU himlclt in k outliving the Mcamul

i^ t

•■ Thii Trjn(ii('nn f>,r.'.', itut Don ///■»»» wis a vnj gt«it Pol;iicijii, for by prrtnuSing thai til Couninri uftf In lie Jilj ufi-J 1 1 al ihf Wl
Picaiutc ol liic I'.'jK- ot Rm,', hf Itcureii hii liiiir.rfi i C'onteui to Hluirvcr he dcmandol i Mwl K» vciy wrtll Hhh, iIuI Hliiificr hii kllo«fl
him by (holt (.inir.t:, would he .ifiliib'jr fapnoricd liy the Thuinler of (he Church. 1 hi\ ptm fiince iliril in llie Vrir i4'>|. The t^nuJ
/ilri.a under hii AuljKr i.i. r g lieen OifcovtrrJ fr.m Cape Sat to Cape Sitrra Lnna, which ii in lb« IjililiiJi- ol b' ^Ollll, by which the hi
(tor wai laid of all thai u.i! iificrw.tnli |^erfulmetl I

' I cannot help osmiip, ih..i it i»a litileout ol thr Read of what is propofedin this .SeMirm, lotlwdlon llif Aikri'tiirei 1 1 pitliculir Perfonl
».• I hno* it it natarul (ut an inqoifitive Reader u> ■»,([> that he might be iiilormcd of what tifV4in« of dull iiiiiail.iil>Ic I'fMoiu i> ,ue infnii 'iitl
lliliory, I h»vc taken Ocofion, :n llic former Noir, to obfcric, that Don lli'n, the fiill I'limumgri ol llic Dilinvfiiri ol ihc /' •l>f'/'. 'I
to M' ; , .\rA 'r.r:c I (Kill i.l.iVr.'r, that rhii Pti'iit J, ( <i;/V,'a», who wtj the (irit of hn Nation dial e»ei icl tool m llie /W//, linJ a I'"!
liuef.,. 10 the Veif x^ic, »iicn Don Hitingt «V l.im,: came thither in f^ijialiiy of i>:inli«lljilor ttoiii Ihe Clown ol /V/njf.//, Iii»hum hfl
all hii Adventure!, ami from uhoin lie iearred what mighty L'orquelli hit I.etieri lia.1 produirj. f

* Ihe kemarU mailr upon th:i I rarilaition by Sir Hiliiam SUnl'm m hit iw»al l'ra<l>, ilrlrive ihf Kciijei' Notice, the r.ilh". ^'^
has been always tiUfoifil a very wile Man, r.nd was, bcyonil '.^ucllion, a very able .Seaniui, ami, by no iiifin «, nviniii nl the /'<'(«(>•
pfjfeJ lo (ieirvii.ic tir.i I.iIxiik ; yet he aitnlKiifi t'lrir D/r'iveriei to the peculiar I'mviileiite "f (ioil in ih'-le WnrJ. , llrltJic- I liMt '" ■
rif alar of t;,e Fa,1 In^ f , gue me laravc lo put )0U in niiml of fomc ( )bfervition> ol nimr, whiili will not l>e uMHoitliy your Pftufal, li'l
are oiil-.' lo be attr bitnl lo Cjori. uiio is the Searcher of .ill He.irti, and the Difcoveier o( hi>lden Wcitli It n lliai'Re "iid lurpi'ling, lhi'"l
fniry fi'-juriiliing Njtioir, a. Ctvi hath createrl ami civil-?ed, ho (hoiild elert and chufe the Kinujom if I'l'lMftil to |«iloiin llin g'fH *^ ''"''> 'f
( ojn"v in !lio;e iJay of hi', i; !cein and ttcjiuui on. of lr(> Renown and Fame, and ot led Ability and V'alnui lli.in an> ullici Cimilun Mor.aJ
ta-. cali to mtnd, ami to al;;gn them luc'i 1 lime lu e,t'e« it, when they cnjiycJ a happy Itacx With llicii ,Ncn;liliuiili, wJ ''"' ''" ''''"'"I
J»'e, or \i:p'in thiii LVlg.-s. I

Chap. rr. Portuguczc Empire in tk Eaft-Indics.

(lilting it in fuch a Manner ;is might b« mod honourable
to ImnUlt an.l ailvaiitagaius tor his bubjeCts, the great
Killer (it all Tilings liiljxjfed of him otlicrwilc, by calJiiig
l,,.:i out ot this L.tte. In his laft Sitknds lie appoiiueil his
Loulin Don f.m/imiil, wJjo alio tnarrictl Jiis SilUr, his
H;ir, This Frincc, who fucceciiid to the Throne of
PiiiKgal, 1495, was in tlie Flower ot iiis Age, being
thin about i'wfnty-fcvcn, and polll-flcd, in an giiincnt
Digrcc, thole (^lilies that arc mod worthy of a Mo-
narch. He had great Parts, niucli Penetration, and an
excillcnt Judgnitdt, yet lie was lodiflldent ot his own Abi-
lities, that, torefccing the lixecution of his Prcdtceflbr's
Pruiifts would be attended with a larger Hxpcncc than die
Difcoveries hitherto made had inciuccd, he declined en-
tering uiion thtni, with<njt taking the Advice of his Coun-
cil (K'fore whom he laid all the Informations that either
hiinl'cif or his Coufin King Jobn had received. The
Piriupczt Statcfmen were extremely divided in their Opi-
nions, for fome preflcd the King warmly to tread in the
Footlleps of his Ancellors, and, 10 conipleat with Glory,
what with fo much Reputation they liad begun \ while
odiers as vehemently oppolcd his Purfuit of this Dcfign,
each Party fupporting their Opinion by very plaufible Ar-
guments.

Such as were deflrous that this new Navigation might
be attempted, obfcrvcd, that die Trade 'o the Jiuiia
lud been the great Source of Power and Riches to every
iimpire that lud been poireilcd of it, that Providence
fecmcd to have thrown it into the I lands of their Nation,
in Inch a manner that it would not only be diliidvantage-
ous but diflionourable, to refufe it ■, that all Diliiculties
now were in a nunner overcome, fo that there remained
fcarcc any thing but the going to talce PolTcITion of thofe
fine Countries, and that valt Wealth which all the World
iliirlk'd alter, though none but themfelves knew how to
nach i that the engroiFing fo rich a Trade to Perlugal,
would balance their fmall Extent of I'erritory, and enable
his Subjects to make as great, or greater figure than die
Inliabitants of Kingdom* much more potent in Appear-
ance 1 that, in tine, there was no lefs Danger to be appre-
hended from abandoning this Dclign, than Benefit to be
tx[x-ded by purfuing it ; lince, in all Probability, their
ambitious Neighbours, the Spaniards^ would purfuc and
acconiplifli this great Work, which would enable them to
execute, with Eafe, whatever they might be prompted to
by their boundlefs Ambition.

On the other Side it was allcdgcd, that there were ma-
ny Things more apparently ncccHiiry to the Kingdom than
ludi lon^^, fucli expenfive, and fuch uncertain Expeditions,
liiicc there were fcveral large Trads of Land, and particu-
l.irly that fpacious Plain between the Ebro and the Tagus,
i!.a! were not properly cultivated, the Improvement of
V. inch would free them from the Ncceflity of depending
lor thfir daily Bread upon Strangers ; that their Country
was JHit thinly peopled, at leatl-, in Proportion to die
Niiniber'. it might be able 10 maintain, if, inftead of ma-
utinK' l-'xjitditnjns they turned their Thoughts towards
!;'.ik;r.g the niol\ of w lut was in their Power \ fo that it
wai VI ly unriafonahli' to Iquaiuler away Men that might
In: ;iniiiediat'!y nldul to their Country, for the liike ot
dil\.ini, and j^crhai's t'allacious Expedfations ; that all their
Diltoviries and Conqviills hitherto, had furniflicd him only
with a tew Negroes, Elephants I'leth, llrange Birds, and
ttlii-r Cuiiofitics, in prociiriiig which they lud fullered
maiiv Shipwrtiks and run the Hazard of many more \
t!i..!, fur a Century tugcditr, thoy lud been amut'ed with
ihdt gulden Dreams, and tlicretore it was high Time to

.iwakc from thisDilufion \ tlut t!ic Kings h:s Predou'iiuis,
had been at vaft I'jcpcnces, to very little Purpo.1', in I'ur-
fuit ot tlie like Dcfigiis, and dut thisou^Iit to render him
not (miy the moie cautious in following tlieir Example, but
oblige him alfo to cunfidcr the Coiifequ;ace of a ruiiiiinu
an exhauded Nation into tjcuences fljc WaS unable to b .ar >
tlut, IjcliJcs the Succefsof the Undeitaking, might bring
fuch Demands upon the Crown of Portugal, us would
greatly exceed her Forces \ fo that perhaps her Ir.tcrvits at
lionie might come to be liicrificed ti> thofe abruul. I
have dwelt tlie longer upon thefe Arguments, to fliew that
the gri-atell and moft ialutary Defigiis are liable to as ma-
ny Objedions as the molt dangerous and die molt dc-
llruiftive •.

4. The Deliberations into which the King entere.l upon
this important Affair, though they did not abfolutcly carry
him from his Purpofe, or engage him to abandon a Defigii
which was, in fome meafure, recommended to him, with
his lalt Breath, by that great Prince to whom he owed his
Throne, yet they, for a long Time, retarded his Prepara-
tions, and hindered him from undertaking that Ptojjcl in
the Manner he had tirlt intended : At lalt, however, tear-
ing that his Neighbours might talce Advantage of a lunger
Negleit, cfpecully as he undeiilood that the Spani-
ard: very vigoroufly pullicd forw.ird their Difcoveries, he
came to a tinal Refulution to wait no longer, but to make ii
Trial of what might be done in this \\ ay, by fuuling a
few Ships only with a linall Number of M"ii, in which he
endeavoured to avoid Extreann, smX to Itecr as it were
in the Middle, between the Opinions of fuch as were of
his Council. It was in confequcnce of diis D-ternilnation,
that in the Spring of the Year i4i>7, he ordered tour
Ships to be equipped for this Expedition \ cf thefe, tliiec
were armed VefTels, with fome Pieces of Cannon on Board,
and the fourth a fmall Store-thip. We may be Hire that
their Force was not very great, fince, in die whole, it
confilted in no more than an hundred and Hxty Soiciers
and Seamen •.

The Perfbn chofen to command was Don Vafqucz de
Gama, a Man of Quality, who poffctTtd all the Palents
neceifary for fuch an Employment. On the 9th of July^
1497, lie embarked on board the Gabriel, wlneh was the
Admiral of this little Fleet, of the Burthen of One hun-
dred and twenty Tons, and the fame Day put to Sea : On
the Third of /lugiijl he left the Ifl'and of iv. Air^vjline, on
the I'wenticth of November he doubled J/bi^ Cape of Good
Hope ; in the Bcgiuning of the Month of January he
put into a Port of Ethiopia \ and, on the tirit o'i ^■arcb,
he entered the Port of Ahziwibi'fu; w'leie the Scurvy de.
ftroyed many of their People an'' .vlieic they were in
great Danger of being betray ., as Ibon as tliey were
known to be Chriftians. Iiis Aitlliery, hoWever, preiirved
him, and from dicnce he continued his Voyage to Matii'
baza, where he again met with very perlielious De.din'g.
He failed from thence to Meiiiida, the Prince of whitli
Country received him with great Civility, and promifed to
fend an Emballador by dieni when they returned into
Portugal.

Don Vafquez, in Obedience to his Inftriidions, failed
from thence lor the Coalt of Malabar, and arriving hap-
pily at Calicut, there firlt heard of a puiffant Monarch in
thole Parts, [tiled the Samorin, which is a Dignity com-
parable to that of Emperor ; there he met, very unexpect-
edly, with an extraordinary Act of FViendfliip \ tor, on
the iirlt going of his Officers on Shore, they were met
by a Moor of /««;>, who knew them, by their Drcls, to be
Portuguezc ; and though both on the I'core of his Couniry

•1 . 1 . ,

'. ■(

1^ 1

" ll ii eviJfnl from lifticf , that ifanv Accident, or Shipwreck hid attendtd thi> Vovsge, there had been an End of the Defign for ever, though
'■'• wDulo lave reiiumid lull ai icdjiiabii- .iiid ti; to hive been undertalien .i; before, which I mention to Ihew how pjobable a I'iiing it ii, tliat iju-
') ytal ai.d glonru Dillovpric- havr li'cn picventcj by fuch groundlcfi Oppofitior.s.

■ I iit Rtiider wiil talily (lerceivi', fiom this Inltancr, that it is not a grtiU font, or a vnft Ex^nee. that is necelTir)' to the Eveciition of ,•»» Jmpor-

■■'^■-■■t lhi( Olifervation with ilils Vicw.that ourCountrymen maybe faii^fied, that a; great 'I'hings as thclemav yft be done wli. never oiii I ndcir,iking»
-" t.)iidu.;ied hy I'litlni ^/■rif, and t(.c Exetution o. them enliullcd toOjS cu who art km'wn to .lavi- a gtialci R'-jj-.td to l/jmh:.',-^ t.'an F./tunt.

IM B. .jj.

and

666

The ///STORr of the ^\

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anJ his Religion, it wai i.aturil tor him to hatr them,
yet he very gcneroiilly oHcml them his .Service, .mil very
Jlnccrely fultilled all that lu- |iromiird. 1 Ic acqiuintcil the
Samerin, that i attain rich, jMiwcrlul, and warlike Nation,
were lome trom the larthcll I'arts o» the F-irth to leek his
Fncmilhip, ami to ilcfirc Ixave to trmlr with hisSulijiils :
Ihis Rf prefcntat ion hail it^KHcdii O'jw* wasailowiil not
only fi> anchor in that Port with his Ship's, but was alio ad-
mittivl to an Audience, in which he was treated with ail
thi- Kmdncls and ReJpcft imai;inablc.

But Ihings however did nut remain lonj; in this Pof-
tare, tor the McLitnmtdans, wliu were Icttled m gnat
Numbers in the Dominion* ot this Prince, feeing that their
own tommcrve mull Ix: deUroycd by the coming ot the
Ptriugkni, look incredible Fains to milrei'rcient thciii, as
an ambitious Iraudulent, ami cniel IVopIc, who meant
nothing Ids than to dcix)lc the .Vjwir/i himiclt, and to
corquer his Country ; whicli Stones liad liicli an llrtlct
on the Imiian Monarch, that he began to lorm Schemes
for the IXIlruClion ot CamJ and his I'cople. IJon yaf-
^utz howivtr, had very early Intcilipcntc ot his Dcfn;n,
ana tl.treforc haltcncd on BoanI his Ships, and quitted the
Coalt. lie wrote, however, a Ixttcr to the Samcnn, in
whii h he vehemently complaincil ot this Breach ot Faith,
jiiOiiiiil himltlt tiom the ImjHitations thrown out againll
him, and adviti-d tlie Samerin to return to his former Scn-
cimtnts, alluring him that he would tind his Account in
changing his Commene with the Mobammedam tor that
ot the Subjects of the King his Mailer. The Samerin
wrote him a very jxjlite AnJwer, in which he threw tin
Biame ui)On his M millers and the Mobammedam, pro-
mihng to piindh tu-h as were guilty, alliinng him, mat,
fur tlie 1 imc to come, his Nation Ihould meet with no
Rcalon toiomplain. He added to theic Compliments a
very rtljxftlul l>rtttr to the King of Ferlugal, in which
he accrftiil the I'ropofitions made him on his Majclly's
Be. .alt, and pjomifrd a tree Trade to his Subjcils without
I'rtiiKiicr h(jwevtr to his foriner Allirs.

i)ci\ I afquez having received the Letters, proceeded
ro the lllanil oi .itiftdivt^ at liie Uillancc of titty l^eagurs
trom CoUkui^ where having repair«l his VeircLs, and rc-
trrlhed his I'cople, he fet tail trom thence in order to re-
turn to Lurop(. In his I'airapr, he took Care to put into
Mctinda, wiicrc he was received with great Friendlhip,
aiul the King, according to his Promile, lent with him
an Amballjdof to Partugal. He fail'd trom thence to the
Mand <if ZdK^uii/ijr 1 but finding by the Way, that his
Crrw was much dimin:fhcd, he liurnt the S. Raphael,
which was comm.iiKicd by his Brother i'aul Gama, and
f<ok ?h( Men on Board tiis own Ship : From Zangutiar
he lail'ii to Mszameique, where he took in a Supply ot
Ptovifjuns.

Oi the 2oth of March following, he doubled the Cape
ol (jocJ-lhtt, proceeded from thence to the .Izorres or
'lercirar, and in the Month ot Septtmter, 1499, arrived
i3.ie at liiitHt, having Ipent two Years anil two Months in
his Voyage, and having loll by Sickntls and Fatigue,
ahout one handled Men, and amongit them his Brother.
I'he Captain ol his third Ship defcitrd him in his Paliagc
Home, With a Vnw to get to Lijhan before him, in
which ho fiitcceded 1 but this proved rather advantageous
t^an prejuaicial to Don yajquez, tor King kmanuel lent
lome of his prime Nobility to mi ct him, receiving him,
on his coming to Court, with all imaginable Marki ot Fa-
vour and tllcem, and rewarded him Ixyond every thing
hilt his Merit. He created hini Count de ytitguera, gave
him the royal Arms ol Pirtugal, charged svith two Docs, in
Ailulion to his Name of Gama, whicU fignilin a D(,t ; and
tno'he brought no great Riches home, bellowed ujxki him
l..rg ■ .'Xt'^wintments. He made alfo great Prelcnts to all his
CJ.hcers nor was there fo much a^i a private Man on Board
t:.e ll-.-(.r, that did not rcLcivr the perlonal 1 hanks ol this
I'nnce, .inl with it confidcrablc Marks ot his Bounty.

So happy a Conclufion of the firrt Attemw ««,„
pvcd the Way to a fecond Expedition, £'S\
Kingcaulcd immediate Frcprations to \xn\idt b
the lame 'lime declared, that Dun i'a/qufz it r
thoiild enjoy in Peace that Ulory he had a< quired !
not Ik: obliged to hazard his Perlon again m lo Iodp
dangerous a Voyage. It may not be am.u u,Jl,,
that tins faond Lxjxrdition met with no OipofuL
much more powerful is Succels than R-aUm, VnH (i,n'
greater tlie Authority of txpcrience, than all the Z

Fxprnces wrre now thoug

1 appfau

ments 111 the World. All

trirtmg, and thole who b lore IukI treatnl tl,^ [i^^^^,
the Inditi as a Chimera, were now the loudcll in
ing It when pcrtormeil

5
tion

Shl|>i, nai lu >riivi.llMllY ricluailCll. niJIiniVl «n,l »f,.j„L

5. The Hret therefore intemled for this (icond Exw,
n, confitling of thirteen Sail, fomc ot which were ijr
ips, was fo ert'edually viitualled, matineil and fVnphtt
as to till Strangers with a high idea o» the Courage, I'o-
er and Wealth of the I'eoplc inhabitiii!; tlut Country fro
which it came. Don Ptdro .'ihtrez dt Capral, wL ,
ixjinted General and Commander in Chief, and tarried wi
himPriefti to intlru^ the Natives, if they were fo inclincc
but it not, and determined to make ule ot Force, hehoil ti
teen hundred cholcn Men on Boau!, which waj thought
Force lutficient to lupport him. In the Month of .!.'.»•.
m the Year 1 500, he tailed from the River of I.ijhin^ ['
jtrience having (hewn, that was miKhthejiroperellSraii
ot the Year for tailing to the Iiiditj. In his Pafljp
keeping out to Sea, in order to avoid the Storms that h
th'.rto had been met with in dcublini; the C,i|)e, he tour
himfclf near an unknown Continent, oppofite to tha: <
/f/ri(a i and as the Coall made a very pleafant Apwj
aiice, he thought fit to go on Shore, and took Poffi'ilir
of It on the Behalf of the King his Mailer, which Com
try he called the Land of the Hofy Crofi, but it has \xt
lince known by the Name of Bruzil.

'Ihis Difcovery a[)j)(arcd to him of Inch Confeqwnr
that notwithllanding he had loft live Sail of hii Fkt .
ready, he thought tit to fend Cafpar Lamidos haik t
Portugal with the News, and one of the Native
Board, as a Proof ot this Dilcovery, and he likcwiic k
twenty condemned Perlons who were put on Board hii
lor luch defjxrate Services, in this new found Countr
and then profecuted his Voyage «.

In a Ihort Time after he left Brazil, he was furpri:
by a moll dreadful Storm, which lalleil twenty Days
gether, in which he loft many ot his People, .vd one
his Slii|>s, on Board ot which was the famoui B':rlbt!:
Diaz, who firll doubled the Cape ot Gjo.i-Hnt;
who, by this unlucky Accident, pcrilhcd wu:i ihe
that were on Board tfut Ship. The (ieneral, nii:w
Handing this Mislortunc, continued his V'oya!.;e, and
I jellied M Mozambique, where he arrived with nu more t
fix Sail, and thofc too in a very Ihattcred Condition
Infubiunts remcmbring the Dilputis they liad with
Prcdeeelfor, received him, if not with Km 'i.els, at
with Refpedt, and fumilhed him with whatever he
manded -, he liiiled from thence to i:luiliia, and thrr. c
iinued his Rout to MilinJa, where he lately let on b
the .'\mbalTador of that Prince, whom y.ijqun Ga»u
brought over.

He pf needed from thence with a fair fJale ni W:
the /ingtdive lllands, where he re.'refhed and ritit:;.
his Leilure. The Stimorin haviiig Intelligence ot his
rival, lent certain Perlons ot Diltindtitn to tompleir..
him thcreufxjn, and to invite liim to Calicut, which I
tati an he accepted, provided he haii i loilat;cs tent hi.n fo;
Security. 1 hii was 111 itlelt a pretty tvold Deinaiu), hut w
he came to explain himlclf as to the Holt-ii^t'. he tx;)!
ed, it appeared of a much more extraordin.iry N-d
Fie deiiuiidtd the Catual, or Commiliioner ol th.-
toms, and foiiic other of the Samctms MiniiKTi
winch that Piincc hclitatcd at lirll, but at lalt yielded

s t

' Tiii* liifcrivny of Brmxil ii a plain Proof, chat if FirJman.l xrti I'uhlla hiJ not f»ni (\!umhui to ilil'tovtr .Imir.j .;t thr i inie iht)
il woukl n^vt bcti. uilt'jvcrcil b/ the i fit-un i »(.icli llitwi .jf nuw gicil Inijxjitimx it i> tor c»try Nation ttut aim) .it n tu.mc I k', lu u
figc tr.i. [ I j.noit .i. p oujb.c bditntei lot IJi.cokrun, whuh ij iht) ilu not uimicdi iiciy luucrj, uiv inrttllan > auci»liJ .■ li Hitu • <''"' ■
(r juci.yri IK. (tiv,.^ -p kxmI (Jliiceii, inJ Ktcpng iiainei. ill .\d.o.i i lo liul iii 1 imc ol i'litc, .\ticulion in Ijc. K»;x...-.t.i.» v, »i" />
1- c » lug.i chi "vuTiUr or ir.ccij itul N:.i.icii fit lu( ihc Scivue ul ti.cu coui.ti/ lU i laic ct Wii, mu »i;u, u 0.1.7 tit -Uy !>..», M-i
l.'cjicJ, i.ccu r.c.cf tic u.t:iiti!cd to tiu then L>ut/.

Ifti'l*

^Ul. I Chap. II.

Portuguczc Empire hi the Eall-Inclics.

vain, maiic a pompous Difplay ot Ins Magnilkiiicc. I'ho
ItMtrin, to deinonJlratc the Sincerity ot liij froJilliDiis,
inatic hiin a I'rtrent of u Hiiulc, by a Da-cl ot tjilt,
which was iiigrofleil in Lcttersi ot Ciold i lie ptrniittal
liun nlfo w let up tlie Standard ot Portugal, to appoint
i Failur. or Conlul tor iiis Nation, and to open Ma^a-
iints tor the cfttftuaJ carrying on ol Coniiiitrte \ but all
ihu tair Ihfw of goctl IntclligcnLO and reciprocal Fritnd-
fhip fuuM came to nothing.

fhe J'ertugutzt Hillorians alTurc us, that it happened
thro' the Imprudence of their new KacLor, or Conlul,
whole Name was Correa, and who, on tonic llight Iiilor-
riadon, acquainted Capral, that the Samorm intended him
Ibmc foul Play. 'I'hc Portugutze CitneraJ, ujwn this, be-
gan to iaiA the Ships of the Inilians, and to commit other
Acts of 1 lollility J upon which the Inljabitaiits, as might

tack and dcllroy him in the Port of Canantr. Don 'Juan,
notwithlknding the great Inequality of thtir Force, fought
them tor u whole Uay, and having funk icn Sail of large
■Ship.", four Barb, ami oilier fmall Vcffels, and killeil up-
wards ot four hundred Men, torttd them to return wi.li
Shame to Latlitul. After tlii» Victory, he wa'i received
with all imaginable Marks of Kimliiels and OratiiuUe at
Cttbitt, where having at i^ifurc revicluallcd lusSiiip'-, and
taken in u vi ry rich C'iiri;o, he failed for hurof't.

J If doubled the t ape without any Dillieulty, and in hit
I'allai^i: Iroin thence touched at the liland of uV. lielnia, of
which he made futh a Report on his Return to l.ifijn, 3i
engaged tlu; King of Portugal to iiiUruilit Ins Admirals to
toucli lor Rctreliiments theie tor the future. But a S.-]ua-
droii (it llx Sail that were liriit to lirnzil n the fame time
Don y«.;« was diljjatched to the Indies, had not the liko

bo realbnubly^cxpeacd, attacked the Portugueze Faiikory , gooil Koitune, lour ot them being f.it at Sea, and the two
. .1.. /■..._. ...II 1 ..„.i 1 .. . Li_.., , ii^^j rctuiiial brought little with them except Monkies and

i'aiiuiN.

0. The NecclTiiy of fending a greater Force into the ///-
(licj th.^ii h.id bi'eii liithei to employed, was now v^ry ap-
|).ueni, uiul then loi King Emanuel oalercd twenty Sad of
llout Sliipii tu be- equipped tor that I'urpofe, neither did he
find it more ililHtuli to lurnilh fo large a Force with every
tiling nccdVary, tlun to fit out the linall Fleets he had fent
belore k for now tiiac there was a I'rofptct of great Riches
being ^i,(tt by this Commerce, he tiad not only tlic Com-
maiiil of the Wealth ot Ins own Subjeets, but Foreigners
alio relorted in Crowds to Ltjhon, fome in fearch ci lun-

forctd open the Gates, pillaged and burnt the Fioufe, and
ot lixty-fix People that were in it, murdered litty, the retk
laving themfelves with great Uitficulty on Board their
ShijM. The Portugutzt (Jeneral took a very levere Re-
venge, by burning ten rich Ships that were in the Port,
making Slaves ot Part of their Crews, and beating down
a great inaiiy FJoufes about their Fiiirs ; after which he
lait'd away tur Cochin, which hcs thirty Leagues truni
Cillicui.

The Prince then on the Throne of Cochin, was called
'trimmpera, who liaving Realbns to be otVended with the
iimrin, received him very kindly, and concluded a Trea

ly with him, into which the Kings of Coulan and Cananor ployment, and otiieis to employ tlieir Money. The Bufi-

dcfired to be admitted. Capral taking great State ujion " '

him, ilid not immediately lilten to this Propulal, but of-
tcnii to carry their AmbalTadcrs, if they thought lit to
lend any with him, into Portugal, afluring them, that his
Mafter would fend them fjicedy and powertui Aimiancc
againll the Samorin, I'hcy readily accepted his Oiler,
and tlicGcneral having taken on Boanl a rich Cargo, paid a
Vilit to the King of Cananor, and having received the Am-
balTadurs of all the three Princes on Board, he in the Month
of 'January fail'd from Cochin, in order to return to
Euroft.

llie Samorin fittetl out a great F'leet, on Board of
uhich were two thouUnd Men, and tent it in Purlliit of
them, but the Portugutzt being better Sailors, ealily t f-
aped this Danger. In his Pallage home, one ot his
Ships unluckily ran afhore on the Coall of Mtlinda, aiul
Capral, to prevent the Mohammedans from making any
Aitvanuge of this Accident, lirlt nailed his Cannon, and
then fit the Ship on Fire-, notwiihlfanding which, the
King of Monbaza found Means to weigh the Artillery,
and to render them Icrviccable, to the grut Prejudice of
the ChrilUans.

The Forlugurzn General continued his Voyage, doub-
led the Ca[)c without any great Ditliculty, and arrived
Ucly at L;y/>e», on ilie a^d of 7«/7, 1501. Me brought
Home with him a vciy rich Cargo, the Amballitdois of
three Piinres., and a pomixjus iVciuunt of the great F.x-
1 Itits 'le had jiertiirmed againll the Samorin. All which,
towcvcr, did not procure him a very favour.ible Rec^j.-

trom his Mailer, on account of the great Lois he
iul liillained in this Voyage, and the Number of g.ill.int
Men who had perifhcd in it, and who were not to be rc-
iaircil or replaceii, by all the Wealth of the Indifj''.

It leems, Don Einanud had liime Forelight nf what
"'iHht happen from the haughty Dilpolition ot ihi^ Oiii-
•■r, jnd therefore had dilpatched a Squadron ot four S.ul
'u i!ic Indies, uiuler the Command of Don Juan Nwva
('■'ilrct, a Man of great Prudence anil Courage. I Ic
niiir.,1 of Capral in his Pall'a[;e, but arriving at Mflindii,
"111 there learning what had p.illcd at CuUctil and Coch.ii,

iikIs was next to find a Perfoii lit to be intrulkd with fo
f^rcat a Command, and the King, after mature Rdk-ction,
ileieriiiiiiid to cn};agc I'lifjUtz dt Gama to go thither a
llcond Time. 'Hut great OHicer was in every Refpcftas
c.ify and ai happy iis he could wifh •, hi:. Reinitatio;i was
well ellrtbhihed, his Fortune larger than his IVfires, and
the Altiiirs of Ins Family in the tairell Situation, But the
preleiit I'olUirc of things made his Picfcnt;- necclVaiy abroad,
imd Inim a Senle of this hn readily quitted his Rciivar, and
lacrihced all the lilelTln;^s of J.jlc, as became a Man ot FIo-
iiour, [0 tile Service ul his Country.

In the Spring of the Year 150^, he failed from L'Jlicn,
doubled the Cape without any remarkable Accident, and
arriving at '^iiloa, torced the King thereof to btccni'j tri-
butary to his Mailer, and to agree to the i-.nnual raymer.c
of two tlioulitiid Crowns ol (ji.id. Mo failed from thciiCL-
to Ciiiiaiior, where he lit the Embaflador o:. Sliure, niiido
li vci.il licli I'irl'ents to the King in the Nanieof 'li. Matter,
renewed the Alliance made with him, and then lail=u ti.c
Coil;n. While he was tlure, he r.xtived a Deniitation
tiom the Clirilli.ins ot Indict, or, as iliey ar coinmonly
called, Cliiilli.ins itf Si. 'riwrnas, to whom he piur.iillJ all
the Allillai.ce in his I'ower, ..nd that he would leavj, as
indeed he ilid, a lliong Sqii.iuion bcliiiiii iiim t'j protcifl
them. '1 he Haiiioriu in the mean time neglected nothing
in the I'ower ol a great Politician, ci vf a puiflart Mo-
narch, to dtllroy his j'.nemics. Me labuiirc^; all he could
to en;',age iniiiMnpara to betray Don /■V'y.'a-a into his
I lands 1 but that f-'rinee ani'wered, that hitl.-MCo the Por-
iu;(iifZ(- had k'liaved towards him with great 1 ionour anil
(icneriiiity, and that while they continued fo to ii\, lie
would tievi.'r abandon them.

■J'lie S.imvrii: h.id next Recourfe to open Force, and af-
liiiibliiig a I Icct ot twenty-nine Sail, relblved to ;utack Don
/ \ilqu,z, when he was ready to return with Ins F'ic. ; 'leavy
laden, and lonlcquiiuly in a Condition lels able to onpolL-
him. Win II th. ivtijrc lie h.id Iinelligence that tin' ; oriti-
^iinc .Admiral was picparinfr; fi-r is Dcpartiiiv, he lent
'tills inii^hiy force a^aiiilt him, Don FiifquiZ Jc Giima
luli'ered them to come as near liiiii as tliey luuui^Iit nt, .w.d

I ilinik it rtquil'itf 10 aJJ a Note Icrc, in orjrr to infi rm the Rr:\Jtr,

thill lhi> ii mi Rcntiirl: of mine, bu; tnkcn invu the P'/iicn:!' Writers,
^h h an ArK.iinrnt that in thole Duvs,' whcti a true Spirit "t Virtue rirvmlnl, 1! w:n liiUI more lioi <w .liiv lor . j^re.it i. ffii lt to icne ns c oun-
' •■ '^>n M inr.ch it ;' :ind th« C^f,.,/ was bbiiied, not lor hi. wiuit ol /e*l i.r (.(.Lrn'r. lot he iluei rot Icnii 10 J.;ivc lieiM oi-lfcuM 111 iMhir, but
1 M,, nniicinj-iociffulof hiil'toplea, iKuuuhttoluvcUeiij (01 it ii, uhil Kill be, a iVUlin in .ilmd .;»vi!.i>. ot..u>, ilut l.c ii 1.0 J iiciiJ

■■' I . tuanif, vliu 1. I i;clcl> ol ili iubiecU, ,

■' tliCIl

.4 , 'ill
I f

^nf

.:>r

66S

7hc // 1 STO RT of the

Book

tlirn attaiking two of tliiir 'argfft Ships with grcit Vj^jDr.
tlic- Scjinrn .mil Solilicr^, alter .t fh'-it Rcfift.incf, in whiih
tli'.y loft threr hinultcd Mi f, jiim|fii ovrr t-manl, which
llnick finli.i Trrror into tluir C'l'iiir-.ninns.that ttuy imme-
dutfly f|-t(.ul all thf Sail thry coiilil, aiul tv)rr away in the
utmort Ciiiilufioii, In th.fc two Sliii -; t!ut w:tc t.ik' n,
Don r.ijfiiZ .'ouncl imnnDlc Kiih'-i , tor liffuir'; (!<>K! anil
SiivcT I'latc to a great Va!iiP, tliirc v as nn KmuI ont; ot
ihcm an Tlol c/t a moil Lorrui Shapr, whir|» wrii'luil lixfv
Foundj in Ctold. Iri the Ilcail thire were tw(i Finaraili
fir Fycs, more j rrtirt than any that l",a<l Ixrn ll-cn in /'"»-
rf/r ; ami in the Brraft thrrc was lixic! a Ruby ot t!i- Size
ot a Chefmit •, thdc an>! otlirr valial If fhin^^ brmc taken
oiir, logrther with a Rot)e ilelipiu J f.T the U'.iA, tinbmi-
i^.reil with i'larls, Topairs, anJ Dianium'.s, tlir Shij'* were
kt on Fire.

I'.t/jit.'Z prorrfilfil fnjm thcrcc t" C.«vcnfr» conferred
with till King <-n the Mcafiircs nrctlVary to be taken in his
Abfi-ncf, anil then leaving bchiml hin' fix larj;;? Sliij-s iimlrr
the C oinniani! of I'lmoil S-iirn, he failed for Mozr.mbiqur,
where haring t-km in lijiiK nc-tifTarv R'.-rrrniniei;t<, he
conuiuitd his V( yat;-: witlioiit the Icait un!i;rky AcciJcnt,
(i!l he ariircd at /.;,'.':);, where he was rctciVrJ witii thf
iitaiod Joy, and the TriKite of tlie Kirj; of .^W.'*^, in a
Silver Rilbn, wa-; carrinl iii Triumph lv iurc him. •

A% fyn as Crm.i h It the Indit.', l!ie Sjmirin alTitTibled
an Arm) of ;r,v i. Mrn, and marched to attach the King
ol Qu'iH by i-uid. '1 lit.- News of i!iib Invafion (o fri^^:ht-
cd llie .Sul'icih <)( tliat Monarch, th.it they ht'g.in tn curf'c
the Vtrtuiurz:, and to intreat their King to make h.< Peace
wit!i tiic Si.mni^, liy Jtlivcring up fucii of tlimi ;>» were
n Ins I lands, and rcnoiini'mg hi< Al!uncc with them.
'Irimbiiipivj behaved on i!>is (Xnafion w:th extraordinary
I'irmntf-, Ik t;.i\e t!ie rtr//^(/<'Ji' th.it were ar Ce, /'••;, a
firong Guard, .m', notwithftaiuliig the Cowauliir of his
Sulijiits relolved to jut ail to the llaz.;rd, rather than
I'liak Ivis I'aitii

At t!i:s Juiicuirc }'■>!> f>it !^e.i>yz iwral wirh the Ships
iindir liis Couiiivind, to wlioin t\w Kmj^ a]ij lied hinjfelt
f„r Uclicf, aiul dtdred lie would hu^ a I'art of his force
to adill liim in this l-".xtiemity. 'I"li'- Pcrlti'iuzt O.'Tic.r
was a very brave Man, and undirftcod li;s Hufin'. f, prr-
feCily ; but he loved Money, and had loun ! a v?ry lafy
way i..f a!"quirir,j; it, by pUindeiing tl'.e Mclamir.i-Jaa
■I'l.'.'Jcrs* : He therefore i-nind out, tint by Iiii Inllruttions
he wus to act by Sea, am! not on .Shore, and tlierfforc
would not conltrn; fo land fo muuh as a rinplc- Man. This
air..-.7.ed the Kr.;^', and eni..ge 1 the "criugiuzt that were M
Coilm to t!'.- 'all l>C7ee j bin Sidrtx, without puttinji;
himfclf to aj.) F'ain aljoin tluir Reilntnu i.ts, fail.-d to
:!ie RtJ-Sej, m order to make I'lLn-;, where liii own Ship
v.as loft, and lie .md his Brutlxr drowned.

In the m.-a:; imw the t'jiiir<n marrl-.a! with his .Army
i'.to tl." Ttrril'jiR-s ot CiJ.-.v, wii-ie lix' Kiiv; Iwin:; Iv-
trayed, tli' y fi ired a Paf* that led to his Ci'.ita!, by whii li
they imag.ii'.d tt.cy l.ad li;m infinly at th'-ir Mer<y. As
Joon ai7;;>n«(w/..'M was uiturnied >,[ tliisuul'.icky Accidenr,
his lirt^ Care wa> to lieure the ri.r:uiu:2:, and in order to
this, he direfird ti. ; they fhculd \k f.T.t <ver to tl.c IHand
♦>t' I'mian, wli.»h i..s i,vcr-a^ainf\ Cn'irr. This IHand
wa. lonletiatc 1 lo t!ie mrll filen-.n .MvlUrieJol tlx fn.^im
Kiligioi:, a;.'i had liirrtrure been hitirrt'j accounted latred
in all the Difpiitts >><twccn Mo^archs of tliat Faith •, but it
was .-iLIt a Plate of extraor^.■:i;^^:y ."Strength, and that not
only i'loiii it^ bill a; in.accif!'.LV by Nature, fut fri.m the
.'Vnillauce alio o! .\i:, a:.d lu thii f'bnd there wire ccn-

flfferable Magazines, ami a very numrroiH Garnfon of -»,

'I'rofij^^. "

The Samtriw cmyiri- all IWore hii^, and a urtit i
of rnmaiupar^i'i Subjei-'n having deft i te,l t|„ ,f ^ .|i, ,
rubniiited to th.if 'I'yranr, the Ktn^ ot C<;<7.;,|oimk''
lilf at lart f)«ilige<i to toUow the Pcriu^,,:^^ „^ '!
Shrhrr i!i the fame p|.,te. The Goverm,, o» hM.,
mainetl liitn to h»s Mafter's Intrrelt, aiui ihfrfhy Jl,
hiin troni the R.ige of his l-lnemy •. tor tlh' i.,m)n„ h^v
burnt the Town of Ccchn, lirvtT.d times airatked tiic jil
ot napan, and was .u often re|niir.d with ^>rr.it !.(,;, '
at lall obliged to abcndon his F)rrif;n, and to rti«ri «
into hi'i own Dominion', thr Winter .Srali.n ioniriK(fl"
which it is imjwifHble l.ir an f rli>m Army to kceprln Fn
but he left a confukrable (Kiriii .o m Cnhii, ».^ ot\e
fever;il lorts to bf trc^cd, relolvrng D rttwr tNtlKt op
in the Spring. "

7. It was now fierome 3 fettled Maxim in Portnf/,^
frrd animaify a Fleet to the hJrti, and arcort'inplv fr,
.-ff^Kjurrrji/e coining with a Itmni', Kone ii.ro thoii .S,
and having joined at the m^fJivr Ifiands the Ships iir
the (."ommand of Pfrlio . Itaiiia, hi- fi.iid dm dly to /'m/
where he comforted the Kiiif; of Cohm un the i'jrt ot 1
Vm.ir.ue' his Mailer, and allured hi:u that he Ihoiild rcct
all fl'.r A.niftance from him that lay in h;s I'owrr, whu)
j)crfoTn)ed with as mu<.h Siix-einy .s\ with Keailiecfs her
mifKI. In the firft place, he ilrovc the (iarriloii, wljjch
Siimerrn had left in C.oAin from thime, and harin", dir
hfticd their F«".t5, brought the Kini; luck agiia in 1
umph to his Cipital. As this Vuftory, ar.d tlic til'
ma<le of it, gave the Peringutze Admiral a Rood '! iti(
the Kind's Favour, he took Orcafion tidm rhuKe to dr
thf" I jlnrty of erecting a Pl.icc of .Strenp.th tiir the .Sfcui
of his Countrymen, that they n-.ij?Jit not k- ex;)o:ccl tu ii
Dangers as they hjd lately gone thrinigh for the fuftin'i
I'ropofal was very kindly accepted, and the King i.l 1 },
gave him leave tu build a Fort where ever he tiKiui5ht
In Conli-cjuence of this PcrmifHon, Inmis /il'ti^mr
made Chmce of an l.minence, which loinmandeJ toth
Town and the Fort, and the Kins having allowed him
cijt down all the fine Palm Trees that were planted r i
his Palace, he quickly ticuftied the Fortielj he had niiri
our in the Iwft manner tliat liidi Materials wnukl [icri
}le likewile built a Lhapel for tlic Perfi)rniaJi<;s ot \):\
Servile ; and tlms as the Pcrtir^utZf Writers tin n;ltlv-$|
prrfs if, their Nation besaine jiollllli'd (<f the Dumij
[xjih in Sjjirituals and Temiiorals of tin- kJ.a, and
King Jif rVfi^fw without perceiving it, cor.tnlH.ud a.l
lay in his Power ro the intKnUicing .Strangers as Ix^iiii J
himlrll and his Neighliours '. I

I'nder pretence ol red.ucing fiuh .is had rele'.leii ad
ill'- King of Ctxhit, they maiU- themlelvts Mailer;, 0; |
Countries, pillaged all their I'owns ar.d \'ill,ii;es ai
fiire, and eom.mitted greater Devallations thin tlici'.:
Iiiiufi If had done during the late Invalion. In the 1
of tlufe Proceedings J!/l<c>t/o .iliu^uer^ut arrivc.i
/Vr/«rg j/ with an additional Fore-, he ijim added bol
the Coiujuefts and Alliances ol the PcTiuguizt. 'I'hcl
tors or (juar.'ians of the King of dlan, a very ruil
p-tent I'rince, whofe C.'.»|-.it d lay twei.ty-fjiif Itj
South of Ctffi.w, demamicd the l»rot.-(;;ioii aiiJ Fiiciil
of Pcriugn!, which was i.mnu-diately gianted, anJal
tory fettled there The Kin-:; of '/.amiisr was IootI
compelled to fubmit to the Ci'own ol Pcrtu^il, aiul thl
City u'i Brava, which was a kind of (oniaumwaahl
obliged to pay an .mnual Tribute. The Kiig ot .^'|

» 'Ii • Mw. In .1 ,11. ;..flO C-Ii.r T>r, yrtn l.!m Irti tif fawft.i- r„t,g„-r' IIll'.Wiji» Jthml, B.irr^,, at lfr.rt in I'ftiia ot Courjgi- ; i""
»." I Oic c,f Mowy goi ii< t*ii.'r of lii. \ irtar tnil ku L.'ihI«iiIiii,Jm.|{. 1 Ir liul htinl ol'a iich I Ictt U M.i|>. i» ll.'-' .'■'■' '•-. »'"' '' *'"
l.il 111 Ihr Morah ol M,i, K- nurivp; it.tm In v»i.i the \'to^,€ o» tA( Couniry /ci.re.tnuii lu luiii, ttut i! »*. ilji:gi-iOi., luring '"''*■' "^ '"l
i.l ;i.t \cit . ,:: li.n la- I'li'.i; liauijr.: ! .ki ;i(/m :.;-. I',;ri<iic t he vn,-. (j f<4!tflcJ with ilir Uliic c( luy, t.ili. ihjt l:c li.ui r.ii P.<-g'r<i "J|
bilr;) .Ai-.c: I <■ .»r.L' In Hi kIxj ■ It •.:,, /'..('< .■•/../., ii..<,n whom ll.t C"i.miB.inil tltn'lir', cnJcjvouied lo itium Hitli li.t unuiriWi; "I
tV ' » ; bur f.'i!;-.; il irapuc'i. ^^'^. v.- (otf<-J i-. nrtipe lo iJir .UftJn; llUii.l., v.h«t» hr wii.ictcd

' It i> IK.! tiU loOfiocriit ln,» »■ liK:i a Siiuilkjn il« !viiij;ot C«,t.«i.uuld rclult ilic /' .■■»*!?«" lenvt to build » Fort in lui ibrowiof'.
.: tr.-.i be jJifmca, Uiil t: v.i. ill 1 fiut J. ','<.\ny lo! lo fcrjuinlicj l.t w^.. piHlcJ fi) nvo lyiilicuiiic. iijua.ly Riri! ; but the l).ivi;r.-. j.OT
ifi.u l>H<.uhM..io(iivr:t lot r^iJIy | rti'tiE.' .mil li cicMt l.f chftfr, a invicf! .nin oil rr Plince »(,ul<l in ln'Citn.mrt.ihir.. tcrunl-rH
»i..i uUun na- .11 Oir u-t.itcli l);.'i.aice. l! r P„i.,Mr~, \Vni»r, wiii.mil ;ii y I trrmom :iV(Hi, lli.-il ri.e l).»M'n of lliui (niii-n. i ert.Min

. .. .^ . .; I.».rt .4-.lv, . . ..^ .L. Ii .... . '. i... . . ... .1..:..- 1 !,«,.. If... P.fJt; D

ka, 10 truWifl. (tir r Dr.iuin."!. kvct the ftjiirc-, tu whicf., h'mrrrr. il.tv tuil n<> Ibii ni 'litlr, Kcrpt wlut wu» i!cfivf.l l.om il^c .''\^ "J
ilir NoiIm; f.1 D.unisg ifr fW.plr fr m Idnljm. W i;h rcj-sfd to ttif Bull, it In, been trtitcd hith cmal ..nj with jull \.M>'tnyi !•) I '«"'l
.!hUi.;ni \\i:li ii-lp^iri tj L.T.ie-ilv.i , i! inij-'it b* r.if.ly flfwii. ilui fo rf r,t sry knul ii iiitjri;iat..Llc viih il-e Cluiliui K.li:"iii, lu "I'l
-Il tUir l'.'...rr.li.,g, wtit ijr'.m.l'd cm juir .Mjimiil ioi i_» ; triJ all |I..>1 i I ,ij ul Ktl.j.oi. i. a uit.-i. i'lCniC--. l» MJi;-.. l"<:^''f.'»J» 'I
I lo uiis 1. vU .'ikillltlUIi ;.mI I' :9li ct.

Chip ir.

Fortuguczc Empire m /A Kad-Iiniic

66(;

|i.i,l Kiomtre to tlif Vtrtu^uc2.t for AfTilUncr againrt his
N>;H,liboiir tlic Kiiij^ oi MoPtbtiZii, wliiih i-mkii m the Kc-
,|,n-tioii (if tluii) Iwith. riiolc i'n-at .SiircclUs tcrriticil the
Sdincnn to filth a digrci', tli« in the nujU humble inaniur
lif In it^;ht for I'eacc ■, antl iti order to ohtaiii it, cntcrcfl
into luch Coniiitions as Iccmcd larisfadtory to the Portii-
^uiz;., niadr thrm Reparation tor the l.t.flVs they had
fiidained when formerly lirttlcil at Culiait, and did i. very
tiling fur tlirm that they infilkd upon.

Hut aj great IVofperity is apt to corrupt t!ie Minds of
Men, (<■> the Portuguexc made a very lil I'fe ot this ex-
traorilinary Turn ot Affairs in their I'avour, lincc not ion(j
after thf't I'eacc roncludcd with the Samortn, they took a
Ship of his richly laden \ and notwithlhiuling h • apjilied by
his hmliadadors lor Satista^tion, Francis .-i/bujuerquf, who
thfii aifled with fupream Authority in the Imiies, not only
refilled him Saiisflidlion, l)ut treated iiim with Scorn and
Difrcfpea. This irritatrd that Monardi to Ibch a Degree,
that lit determined to renew the War, in order to revenge
hiinfdf upon thefe Strangers, ami to ileftroy the King of
Ccil-it, who had facrificcd the I'recdoni of the InJianj by
hh ndifcrcct Concellions to thele foreign Invaders.

He kept, however, his Dcfipn to himlelf, and made
fccrct i'rtiarations for War, in order to ho ready to fall
upon his lincmics as foon as the Portu^utzt Fleet fliould
return to Europt. But all the Precautions he ufed could
not hinder Trimumpnra from gaming early Intelligence of
iiis Intentions, who thereupon applied himfelf to the .iWu-
firijuc'i intreating them to leave a fuHlcirnt Force behind
to protedt their Countrymen ..nd Allies in the Indies. The
Rtquell VIM reafonable in itll-lf, and the Kingof Cofi(«
hail til': jurtelt (jround!, to expert it fhould have been eom-
plied with 1 but not.fithlhnding what he could fay, Francis
JUiu^Uirqiie would not be perfuailed to leave him any more
than three Ship, and one hundred and fifty Men, under
the C'oniiiiand of Edward Pacbcco, a Man of great Cou-
rage and G)ndud, and of liich Steadinefs and Abilities,
thjt lie was an Army in himfelf This Step once taken, the
Altiquerques l.iileil with a rich Cargo for Europe, but met
with very diflerent Fates in their Voyage, fince Francis
Ailuquerqiie th- Uncle pcriflied, with all who were on Board
his Ship, none knew where, or how ; but /Uphonfo, the
nidrt fortunate Commander of his I'inie, arrived fafely at
Z,/'''i/.', with all the Ships under his Command, having ac-
quired as great I'ame and Riches as .ny that had been
hitherto employed in the l*"a(l.

As foon as the Porltigucze Fleet quitted India, the Sa-
mcrin alUmbled an Army of fixty thouland Men, and a
great Fleet, in order to attack Trimumpara and the Porlu-
guezt in his Dominions. The Suhjedh of that Prince aifled
as ill on this, as they had done on the former Invafion;
that is to fay, they abandoned their Prince, and endea-
voured to fave thcmlllvcs with(jut thinking of their Coun-
try, riic King behaved with his ufual Firmnefs and Con-
ftaiicy, difpoltd all things to the bell Advantage, arid left
the relf to Provid:ncc. Pachcco and his Portugueze gained
great Reputation by this War ; and it was chietly by his
Afilllance, that the vaft Preparations made by the Samorin,
proiiuced nothing but Confulion and Shame to their Author.
This Commander built another Fort for the Defence of the
fl.iven, aefed with* the grcateft Alacrity and Courage by
Sea or l^nd, wherc-evcr the common Intcrell called him j
(it tliat when a new I'leet arrived from Portugal, and the
I'ani;er being over, he tcllificd a Def.re of returning home :
The King of Cochin gave him Letters, tellifying how well
lie !ud behaved, and how nuah they were indebtetl to him
for their Security.

At his Return King F.manuel paid him the higheft Ho-
nours, ordered one of the molf elocjuent Prelates in the
Kingiioni to write the 1 Iillory of this War, which he tranf-
mitte:! to the Pope, and other Chriftian J'rinces, telling
them at the fame time, that it was as great a Satisfadion to
Him to have fuch a \Ian his Subjcft, as to be Mailer of
tic Indies ; and to flicw that he did not inean to reward the

important Services with Fame only, he belio'.vcii o i Pa, tVvy
one (,| ihe ritlielt Governments in .l/nai. Sueh wa^ ihii
ri'-ble Spirit of this Prince, to whofe fublime Vinues Ptr-
liig.t; owes her (llory, and hrr ftdies ; a I'rincc, v/l.r)
knew how to fiiit the Abilities of Men to the D lions iii
the I'.xceution of whieh he employrd them, who iui'ji;rit
ini|iarrially of their Behaviour, never p'inifV,"d wirh .my
degree of Severity, or l-inVred Knvy to mi.t with the jie-
wards h-' liclfow.il on Men of Merit. .*<u< li a Prince wu'
remarkably well lervcd at home, and highly ■.iU-m"a
abrond : 1 lis lottiinc made him the Delight of his .Sub-
jedts ; his Power rrnilcred him the'lVrtor of hi, I'.ncniics j
his Fidelity gained him the perpetual Confidence of his
Alhr-;. llut It !s now time to purkie our i lilbiry, and Ui
lj>' ak of tin; Cm ll Viceroy f iit by the (..'ruwn of Psr:i:^ai vj
diree't the Affairs of the In'lirs.

S'. The immediate Acquifition of Wealth and Power
did not fo take up the Mind of this great Prince, astoui-
gage him in an Opinion that all Ditliculties were ovoro.ne,
and tliat there was nothing now to be thought on but
making ufe of what was already in the Hands of hh Sul)-
jeds v on the contrary, the great things th- y had per-
formed, inclined him to extend his Plan, and to think of
driving th'- Mohammedans entirely out of the Indies. It
was undoubtedly a great and gloritjus IXlign, but at the
fame time it teemed the Strength of his Kingdom, ccnii-
dered ablblutely impradUcable. Don Emitniic! hael hi c:i
intormed that there were three great Ports in the ]''alf, in
which thv Mokmtncdiins wereelhblilhed, and frciii wf.jnre
they carried on all their Commerce to the moll dil^n.t
Parts of ihc Indies. Th' ' Ports were A':lfn in ..>,://.;,
OrmiiT, in an Ifland of tlu: !amc Name on tlie Ct: \ nf
Per/ia, and Malacca, near the Stieipihts of Sim-.p:::)-. A.i
their Strength was divided, Don km.niurl juiJ-vd it noC
impolTihle to make himfelf Malkr of all t!i''i^j I'laces in
their Turns, and with this View it was that h • began to fit
out a larger and better appointed Fleet than hith.rto h-; had
lent to the Indies ".

While he was employed in thtfe Prrpar.irion-, thrrc
happened u new Scene of Affairs in the baif, wiiere the
Brammins, who were about the Hcrmirin, fiuwid tli'iu-
fclves able Politicians, by giving him th." belt Advice that
the Pollure of his Ati'airs 'voulil admit. They obferved to
him, that the Ctrijli.ins and Mobommid.ins weie cci'.ially his
Enemies, and that therefore the willil thing lu eoul'l lio
was to call in the one to combat the other, tlut by th.n
waiting their Forces, they might be fo reduced, as tii.it he
might be a Match for both. He, lillening to tlieir Rcquell,
fent for Aid from tho Sultan f)f the Alamalukcs, who were
at that time in PoffefTion of F.^'pt ; the News of which
greatly terrified all the Chriftians in the Ir.dies, and orca-
fioncd their fending immediate Advice of it into Pcriii]^a!.

This obliged King Emanuel to dilpatdi his Fleet I'loncr
than he intended, and with a lefs Force, though it was even
now very confiderablc, confiding of thirteen large Ships,
and fix Carvels, with a great Body of Soldiers on Board.
Me maili choice ot Don Francis .■Hmcyda Count d'.!//ra;i-
tes to command it, who had ferved King Ferdinand of
Cajlile in his Wars w^th great Rcput.ition, and g.ive liim
the Title of Vice King, and Governor Geiura! of the IndiiS.
He hkewife affigned him Guards for his Perfoi', a certain
Number ol Chaplains, and whatever elfe could be thou;2ht
necelTary to give an Air of Grandeur to his OtFice. On the
2.';th of Miircb 1/^05, the Fleet failed from the River ot
Lisbon, and on the iith oi Jprit following rear. 'r.'d the
Illands of Cape Verd; from whence lUctching too fir to the
South, in hopes of doubling the Cape v.-itli greater I'.afe,
rlie Fleet ran into fuch high J .atitude^ as tli:ic t!;e 'I'eamen
luad many of them their fingers frozen •, bur varying th. ir
Courle a Point or two to the KalV, tiuy arrived lately at
<(hti/oa, where ///'rc/vrw, the Tyrant of that Country, retu-
ling to pay his Tribute any longer, the Viceroy drove h:m
out, and lettlcd Ms/Mmmcd Anconin in his Place, build-
ing a Furt there to keep the People the belter in SiibiLdtiun.

' This Scheme of r)on F.mnm.t-. w.i» aau.illy rxccuitJ in every Branch cf it l.y Don /?.y/v»/S AUvjutrru^; Init I tl,ii,< 11 1.- very qucVi'-L.c,
"-'■•her the IKr,u^uez: «oukl i:(it hjvc fjimJ their .Accoiiiu much better in iiLikiiig two or thiec gooj Settlcmciii- 1:1 the /«,/...., Uiiliou: .•i;i.tavmir-
"y; 1" liiilrefi ihr lnlubit.ihH, or i'> il<;-iive tlicni of their Liberty : In I'loletulioci of wliicli Dtfit", tiitir own ouucii. lumed tUcni, ut in sue luc-
''•■'i-ig r.itt of ihii Wurr. wc Hull ii.i*i; Ocdiioii lo fli«w>

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670

The // /S7() A' r of the

Bixjk 1

iP'.-'i

Thonrc Iw lailM m M^"' ■•■•'* «'h'«l> •» •» ImtH I iiyi
in an Iftan^l wrll f»rtiri(il miiIi l«ii C'luJrU, hiimllii.l
\vithfi)nu- l'iaf^t>f Cunnofi, wliuh ritii.mi.l ili< Kmn M
titiili' AlmiiJt Iiiirinu, ^lll^, liowtvrt, l.r luiml, li*
bi4tmn thnr I <>rU lo ihc liruuml, 4tul dlin^.tul* i.*L
thr Ciiy I7 Storm, ami iiu^l' M*vc» nl .t I'.ii it I'm til
lljr InhiUiJiil'. lie colli iniK-.l In* Voyum '" ''"' -^H'
dt'.t IlUmts uhitharc live iiiNuinlxr, noi In li..iiiC».',
where, *ect>rili->g to liis Inlhuv'tiunt, lit- Unit 4 Ion. I Ic
priK.fCi.!tJ tlu-ntc toD»w««r, whctv, with ih< Cniitnic ul
tin Kin(% lu' InaU 4notl\i I It'll, ,»iivl put .1 ll 1111^1 (.Mm-
full into It. On lii< Anivjl 4t Cu^bm, he t-.uni! chinii* 111
a very imfeitUil tonJitioa,
with Yi ars ha.l ttrij;tic.l the

tiiil|il', he lifftrcJuccil ihctitio CurM.v, A/j/;^/, «,
.111.1 Ory.;..>/i, lying along the C<«l»i „t .irahm ihi,"
|.a to ihc King ot Ormu^ .,l(u wh,il,, ,lcli,,ng ,|

111.I Ory,;. ..n, lying Jong the C<«l»» „t ,>^i„ l' '
|.a to 1I.C King ot Vrmu , ..Itu wh,cl,. .1;,.;;"''''
Ijieiiiv in 4n l'.iig.ig.n,uit, m il,i- I'„„ ol thiiCiv
IjiuIciI III ilic llTdJul, ami |)fi|«rril to mvcK (|^'b|
whni iho King (C4lK\|/,yr/4,/,alI.; gave l/'ar • ,kj "','
/Vr/fcjilfc.e,' nioiiU! hiiKl a l-ort on the Sea-Coall' Ja
K4gi.l, luit only to iMy iliun jii aniuul I'niu' i^,'
.1; iMy I he Clufg(s of the War. The 1 »,« ot 2»n',
>Kcioylhij) Uing now im the iN.mt ot ,x\m\;^ Ct

lolviil I ) revenue the IXaih ut Ins Son, jii

4t Ce.biH, he t>>uiii! ihinii* in »»'iih 4 St|iu»lii)ii of iniiitecn 84!, att4ik.J oil />

, liir Tniimmfuiiii, muiii out great lint 'ij C",im.''r»v.(«>, Jy^ypnum, < aiuktiiim

C'inwii to hn Siftii's yiiiiiig'T other «il tlie I'liiinir* ot the /'i;7(/i>«,5^, l)y ,^(,jjU 11',

Son Siui/aJi-r, reiiciing the tilii, iHi.iuli he lu I >Ulul<»l In* S"n tell, 4iul cnuiely routing thciii w,th jjrtji.Suu'-

him o'l the lull liiV4(ion, I'y the S.imtr.n, whuh iNialioii- ler, lulKlim! 4II the LqaW lioiii /J,k t, (.V.iMi, (ofjj

ul great Tri>ul)!es-, Uit the Viciroy j.iit 411 I iil t>i them, «lie r»ver4l I'linai to yielj thtnilclvei 1 [ibuu:y to /'<

an.l ttxeil Souhtiidir liriuly on lu^ I 'mle'i. Ihione '. lugal.

AU^ut thii I inic 4 S>ju4i!i<.ii «>( nghi .Shi|>< «r.is f, ni ^ I li< Con. minion Ining hdw ex|iiial, he viclircrcil t

out to i'ili.over new I,4:k1.s hy wliiili W4s fouiul ihr IiIkikI CiuvcfniiHnt Wiili j;ii4t Kriuctiiicc to .iiniji/irmr' j

of .\tiuliij;,if.,tr, Mhawile e4lh>l Si. /.rturrnrc, ImuuI..- u luving jMlIai ihc t-nx- ot (iceJ /hf(, v.\ hi> Way hu;,

41 full leen on the Day liidnatiJ liy the tliuuh i.J war*!*, w.is, with iii'. Loinp4mun<, unloitunaiily lUn,

ficmf to that Saint. AlmiyU 4lli» ilfl4iheil 4 SumiIioh
Ui.ilir nis Son l^uraift J( .1, nJj, 011 the I inn Suvne,
who rij)4ireil to the Miidivi IHaiul', lioni wIuiki |,i W4.s
Jrivtnhy a iniL^Hty 'leniiKll to the llU- o( Coin, ihoujjlit
to l)e i\\e 'I.ifiil'ita of the Anmiilsj wheti Km ling, he
took I hi Inh4l)it4nt» into the |'iiit'\lioii ot I'yrmxtil, anU
jmioii.1 a Tnhutv on their King; nor W4.\ tJu N'lmoy m
the iman lime Uf* cmployrJ, lut ilet(»i«»l \\u (Miunii-
<;« in 4 grtat Hatt'.e at Se4, thiii ilivi.ling l.\ vii'lurioui
Fleet, he lomniittei! one l'4it of it to f.mnnu.l l',.t.ij(hc,
ani! the otlur to Ins Son, i)|H)n his niuiii Imm Cm.'c/i,

loine B.irb4ri4ns on the Cu4ll of .l/ritt, tlimugh huo'
lni| lUvlente i for he woiiM iiteJs go on SIk.ic m liji
«i| I'lovilions 4iul Kelicllimeiit^, 111 4 Conniiy aUuiut
uiiNiiown, 4iul then lomc n| lii'i AitriiJ.iiu\ i^muq
(dli-il 4lKnit the I'm-c ot I'rovilioni with the N.itiVn, |
With more (.'oui4;{' tlun I'luilciiti, un tu tlicir Air
amek hilt when he faw the whole (.oiiniry ^icwingilw
uiHintlicni, he wouIJ lave retir'.d, aiu! ilul his uimoll 1
tk4vour to nuke a Ketri-4t to Ins Sliijji but it W4k 1
lite, the liailaruni ililihargcJ on him, aiul ihufc «
Will- with him, 4 ShowiT ot Arrows, by whiJi Imni

anp^'ii'.ling thr full to atvcmi'.iny the luiliiig S|i,|>» id Co- a">l twilvc exiK'iicnceil OTieeis were k.ll;\l u|)Oii tlicS,i
A-tn to Cape Ccmctin, lor their .Stciiiiiy againll the Ko- '_" '''at he lolt not only the KtAarili which he iiuglit r

vers i:i thcle Seas, and the other to iiui/i- 41 laig'" ,ilx".it
t!ie Coafl for i!ie IXlence (-f the lfl4n.lv aiul J'.'itv It
bcf4rnc now an elUbhllKil Knit- aiiKii^; thole n.w Inluln-
tanti if the /«/;/;, that whohxvtr laiu: 111(0 tl,.>li. I'arn,
vithout 4 Paii from fume I'cnuf^Hfz: Ailniiial, or dovtr-
rior of a Fort, fhouKi be tlUeineil i\ 1 iieiiii'», anj jofe
b-th Ship and Goo^Ij, wherihy they enjjrofli.,! a|| the
Wealth of the E'ljl to th- nifJvci , and the better t<»

maintain tSeir Authoiity, King Ij.tuhutl Ui\i out yearly ol Cldu-tal only, though lis Aulliority was as ata;;v
iiiw Rr; .(•jinmentv ami Suj'plui. that ot A.'meyJii, ami ins Suttef') in his Ai'riiinilli.uu):

In t;ie Year 15-8, fiticm Sluju were filinl out, umlrr rxiraontnary, tlut it aequircil Inni t'.c Suriainjol G
tlie C'oiiinuni.i < I InHan dt Cwl.i, wiihwhuh, fiMinng liriani (..culif^no, (jian.l M.irflul of I'lriijixl, »hj
t'j the Coart ot /ii';.^'.V:i'jr, h"? ullillnl the King ol A/f/i»/i
ag4inl\ hi-i rebellious Subject", and burini.g the t itn' ol
Ihia \.\\ Bruia, failed to /ftu/.ira, wlieic, reilm ing iht
ih.el 'luwa ol the liland, he hit a (iatiiloii m u, and
nude the bell it h.s Way to ALLihr, whie, joining
the Hcit lit .Um/yJa, tluy njaiicd 4j.'ainH thr I'lopl? ol
C.:luut, who were nowalTirtid liy a lint Imni ,hu/ia,
and klorc Panait, <>i.« ol thui rown<, g4V(' thiiii 4
final Difar. Not lorg alter tlity engaj'.rd olf nl U<a,d that loii.iiiandcd the I'laci, and lit liie to tiieluwii.

loiubly Ii4ve txjicttLd tioin his Mailer, but ewnwi-
a deunt Funeral, whieh, in (he Opinion ol tlwli,' *
furvivid him, wa'. a iiuiiii htavir Mrlori'.ne.

I). I li was fuiieeded in his CoinnianJ m the Uiiti
Alphctijii . ili>uiu(t que , whole Stivucs hid .d caiy n.M
iiiuiii Irom his M4lKr, and w'loi.' Clnradfr re J:
liini the tiltcll ot 4II others to l>c eiitiulle.) wim J'ij»ci
tliii 'I'lmck yet he had not t!ie I'lile of \'Keruy, butt

come With a fkii ol lilicen Sail, ,\n<.\ with three thiiu
Men on lioard, to \^\U hiin in I'olldl'.on ol th.- (iov:
nidit, (iigigcd ylUujunijue to begin th-; I-ixcaik- ot
Atithoiity with the L)( druction ul Calnii!, wliicli lui
Vtii till 111 lo tiiuch 'I'loiibK', and vsliit ii was liliiiy to j
them Hill more, ^s long as i( iIokI. I'Ins i'.x;)Cilttiu:i
Viiy lionouubie (or the mw Cjinrral, tlmu^ifi it pn-
l4t4l to Its Aulhoi i foi \\Ml /iiiiKjiU'quc took tlii' Uti

i.'ar Bimbay, thr l-icct of Ctmfjon Sult4n ol l.^pl,
lomiip, t . t' ' ...llante v\ thi f'.neiiiy, whnli tiny en-
lirily iii.r,!. .., a:. d every where tame nil I mujui itn-,, ex.
tepttng th.it the ah>rf iiientioixd Son ol A!iney a lallnig in
ssith a Si'.;adron ot Cimltij.in ini\ hxifliuH Sliij ^, was
unlottunately fiain wii.'i an Am w, ^i lu luavely vkUiided
hind'rlf ag.iitd\ them. The B i.'y ol this young I luu

liraiid Marftial iiiadt himlclt iMalbr ol the Kiiyal I'al
wheic finding immenfc Hiehes, his I'lOpIc Irll to iiliir.
ing, and the Jii.luii, taking Adva:;iage ot th. U^lc
they wi re in, Ml \i^)in them, and cut llirill uli tu a .\
. Hl/iKjMtrquc did all that in hi> I'ower iay, to prevent
Mifihie), but without lirtd, am! in en.lravuuiing to
another, he lan a great Kiliiue ol being ddliuyeil him
could not Ik U.uih'., but the I'irri rciuni.il With the iiw- I -r in his I'alVage towards the i'alace, he reieivcvl
lancholy New, which the Viecioy ir. uvu! with gnat lUngcrous Wounds, and immrdiately alier, was ai:
C iiHaney of Mind, layin;; no iu'Mc, than ih.it his Son ( ould iiullwd lo IVlcs, by a great Stone thrown uixDii hi.nl
not tnd hi. Days more gloiioully ihaii tii the .Sn vice yf the 1 op of one ol the jHibhck Buildings in thi' Co
liis Country. iion his Soldiers took him uj), and carried him d.i B

Alfilcnjo Jlhjufrijue was now ariived in the / .ill with his Ship, and thui they ma le a good Kcir-jt, hjv.:^g
a ftf'Ji g Sejuadron Irom I'criuX'i!, vsiih whuh, ddigiimg at this iinfuriunatc Undertaking the ijraiul Marlha.,
t'l f;U.i..c t.'ic Ifie ol Ormui, at the Muuih ol the I'o/mh louikure Men, and about three liundrid wounded.

' 'M.!' ».»4 vfrvdcrpfjutili-jn ci I'c.lit.tl ., v^ Wdfihrr I'fhfllirin in cli» ne»i Heir drpnvei him of hi. Ki^ht of SuccefTifinf But iiii*
:;;>en. ii.ioer it\t l't'iiigi$'-^ lO' I.Jru.! ihf iliiii)* in il.u j ig|,i, (lif yuuiijcl) of l).c t«o .'srplifm Irnntil to ihciii BiOil in u.cir Imtrcii
l.iiittrttr II U4»\ciy nitMrn (or I'.riii I'" I* iii l.i>

» \Vc Ir.iii li,.in !■ nit i.f o.r /'<,/.,..», I liiV.iiiini, ilmi //i,^/,, fuft-|fd hi. Jfilmify of M''mfurrj„e In cirr)' him Co f'r. " '»""■' •""
frutJ, tj;.r:..rf. i. i;i. 4;! (..! ) ..j^-tv. .ml i.iiKlu/t. 4 111 Ihr I luild ii| ( ,(,,i« r, where he Uepi him I'rifoner. allow inj; hiiii on!) ihrrc ol In Scfuntitu,
l.im; -r.o tl.o' u nawn.pjKiu'c riity Ih'Mh) 1 ..n- Inn Ijn'ri,. i' i,| it,|t n, /',,/,,■„.', yft u fctiin ihcy luljici'trj loiiic ki.:. M.!t", Jiul tberttuie
Nun o( p-iui '»'uliiy. irnl i llioi,!; I liri, in ncnUit AM in In ihm I'att of llit vSc ,1U, »Mlhoii( wh.th, in nU i'lVlubilU)-, llicic m^'.' ""

f .4.C Ui:; ul'v

i.j; I II ri, III iiC,ii
Jtiiuitlmg lti« \ icnov 111 J 411 ivilh ( fmtn ol which he «•• fo fonJ

Chap. II.

Portugiic/c Empire in the Kall-IiiJics.

671

Ai foon \\ .Mwjifrjtif rcfDVrrecl, he formril 1 DctlRn Security oltlir Ptii..-, ii,l ptitlin(^.ip;oo<l CurrK^in intoir,

ol iixki":^ liiiiilill M«t>pr Ml Orwfioi i ami for th.it I'lir hrj^iV'' tlu- CMnmiml tlii.Tn.f to lioJtijut.i Pala.'im 1 M«

p,.|f .liVmil'Iftl 1 Rti'if '"Iff. •»"! .1 conlKltMHc Hoi!y ot railul one Uiimiit, ,m Inim lord, who, hv il> firtiiig tir-j

lr.K^p^ .itiu>n|<(t wlmli wm- two thouljiul v.trraii /'or Kiri(; i.l M,iI,h,i, Im.I Ixrn vrry iiltiil t(> liiin, to the

luiuni llii' '•■"' \fryrK\ lonj; m th<' /«</<>>. Uiit wli- n |,r \'i,[\ uf rii;)rrtnc M.tp;illr.in- of ilic /« //rt>fi and Mvbamm(-

w.Mon tlic Point ot liiilinj;, he rcccivnl (iicli liudlijj'-iu i. </';«( i unl, luvini^ ruiivcil tlir Coitipliiiunfi of Uvciil

tfl ftigiH*""! 'I'l" '" •»'"■'' '"'' •^'■l'iH"i 'infi to rrfolve ii|«in hJi,ui I'rincM upon his \'U'"tory, he pn parnl to tftiirn to

.itt.ifkinR f '■'"». a l.ir^ 4nti rich City in thr M.iiul ot T:- C,o,i. Biforc hi- quitn^l t!ic I'iuc « (. oDfiiii.iry vs.ii ilift..*
iMrio, witli one of the Ik-II I'orti in the InMn. This

lilaml, whirh is «lK)Ut nine or fn I^(»i""> "> CirciinitV-
rfiiff, wan iltprmi"(l, from its Situation, tlw moll itiipor-
tint Pi>f^ »>n ''" ^'''^ "* Mil.il'.ir. The Kinj; ol Ddwn
W4S the natural l.nni of it, and the I'lrlon who loin-
niindfd for him therein, wai one l.ljicait, a Moor liy
Birth, and a Man ol Rreat Gnn.igo and l-'.xperiencr. I K-
t(X)k all iiniginabic Care to put thi- I'lace into thv M\ I'o-
(lure of Defence pofiihle \ notwithlfandiim whith, tlie
lilan^l WIS reduced, and the t uy of Coj taken liy 5it>)rin
by the I'eriui^tifsf, alTifted liy a Ih-tt anil Army ol an
Indian Prince, railed the Kini^ of Ontr, uiulcr the Com

Vficit, ill wiii( h t'//«iH/ was primiiul'y loiutriud, whi»
thouj'.ht t'j have iiudf liimP:!! Mill' r of tlv.' Plate. A\
hiH |,rttirs weri' intiTCcptcil, tlif PiimiI' aj^jiulk him w.ii
ilear, ami the (fii-ral oulcrrd him anil his Son to Ik; ix-
emted, iiotwithllandinn hisj^riMt Aij,c, and an Otfcr miilij
him ol an hundred thoiil.ind Pieiesol (iuM to Ijiarethiir
l.'V..s. Attir this, and Itiynui thirc mar a Viai, lu' lic
termim-il to it.ivi' 4 vtry lirave M.in, and 1 xperieiited Ot-
ticrr Conimand'r of the J'orrcs at Miiliu.i, with a liil?"i-
cicnt Numhrr ot Shipt and Mm. 'I'licli. Prci.iuiions l)c«
ini' taken, he l.iiled for tii C'oall < >l Af"/<//'w/' ; Uiit, ni l>li
Pallai'.r, tn t with fin h a St >rm .is ili ttroycd thi- >»ri'ait ll
nundof Timoiii, his General, Don iHph.infj /llliujiirqiie P.irt of his I'i.rt, wlih all tiir Uiches on B.iard, and it wai
nuiic l>i» P*'^'''''' ''"'^ '""^ '' "" tlif 17th of i'druary, witii very gnat l),;fi(;u!ty that the Cicncral himfcif tl-
Hio, w.ih great Masnifiremr ; and havin;^ lettlr.l iviry raped'.

Till"}; 'here, in the l>clH)rdcr polTihle, hr .ip)it)ntcd \\\s Afur a (h.trt Sr.iy tt Cochin, and putting every tling
Nephew .intent de Norogna {iivrrnor of the Ci'.y i Ciif- there in the IhII Ordir th-y could, Don .llphcnfo All/ii-
wn/i' /'''riM (K'niTal Direi'tor of the Commcrie, and 77- ^«/r^w retir'd lo lloa, wlu-re I'lii,ij',s were in foiji;; Con-
is. r.i, iud the Chaise of the Revenue";, which amounted fuliont but he loon rellored tinni, and huniMid ,ill tiic
to tiRhty-two thojiland Pieces ot ViM ptr Annum, 'i'his Indiani in lus Ni ij'Jihoiirhood to fiich a Degn'c, tii.it ths
Coiiqiiell was not ealily maintained, for UaUm returne.l Samorin hiinii If ftnt I'lubairadors to implore Pia'je, and
with luih a Force as recovered the Place, and thr new to ort'er him I'crnullion to Imild 4 I'ort at Calicut, wlurc-
Govcrnor Antonio tie Nnroj^n.t was llain in tlie Diljuite, ever he tliouc.ht fit. 'I'iie I'.mperor of Ethiopia alio lint
which, however, ferved only to cncrcafe the Defire of an iMulLili'idor to Ctfrt, and from thence to /V/.'[,v.'i and,
Aibuquiii^ui: to raile the Credit of his Nation, by Acuring in lliort, the Terror of the l\iiuj^u(ze Arms w.is now fb
a Country and City of liiiii Contequrnre, wlii^h, alter t'reat, that Idattan and th ■ PiiiiCts I'-i. !• id i.'-' 1 the
a War of long Co 'tinuance, he a •complUlied ■, and this ijreatelV Oppofition to the Sail ment of i it N.itioM m ihs
Ci;v hicame afterwards, viz. i'. 1 vw, the Seat of the /«(//<'/, wtie t;la I now to attone fur i.icir li.c' i'cti tio;i, by
Gjvfrnor, and the Sec of an Archbilhop, and Primate of ollVring lo .accept wlutevrr IVim^ Don A'.phnfii thoU{;ht
thf Indus.
The Conqueft of Goa, thnuj^h, in itfelf, of vail Im

pnrtnce, was far from tatistyir.", the Ambition of Al-
cuptrque, whole Mind was luiuinually .n^itated with tlie
Dtlires of cxtendirif^; th.; I'owi r of hi> Prince, and Ins
Kfputatiun. It was with this View, th.it he (ailed with a
(;rcat Fleet to the Road of Mii'..:ca, where he dem.inded
tnc Virtu^iuze Prifoners the Kint^ had in his 1 lands ".
The Indian Monarch put him otf with lair Words and Pro-
mifcs, and the General beinR afiaid th.it he might put the
Prifoners to Death, bore with this Treatment tor lomc
Time , but, at lall, w.is lo provoked, that he maile an At-
tempt un the Place, and actually lit it on lire •, u])on which
the King oiMtlaca immediately fentthe before-mentioned
Prifoners, and offered to make Peace with the Porlu^ueze
upon their own Terms. Tholl prelhibed by Albuquer-
ijutvrK extremely hard, for he demanded Leave to build
a Fort, where he thoui^ht tit, a Rejuration ot Damai^es
done to the Pcrtuzuez'; and a Sum of Money ecjuivalent
to the F.xpen.e of this F'.xiieditiun.

The /«./;<!») Mona:ch, having confultcd with his Coun- _ , , c- i

ri! at.loliiti ly retulld to yield to them-, and thereupon lomewhat kv.re, bi;t, wn!i regard to lus own bortune, he
Uollihti-s were a^iin begun on both Sides, whicii ended took lo little Ciiv of it, tliat, except his pul)licl; Appomt-
itt Albuquerqui\ .ittackinR the City of AUaca by Sea and nients, he ii.i.l llarre any thing he could call his own. 1 lis
I and with i-reat Fury, and, after an obrtinate RefilLuice, Oilirers were his Children, and he took as much 1 ains in
■t was taken by Storii'i, and given up to the PilLige of the tcichin- them their Duty as an atkcl.o.-ute I aient i;i tlie
PoTtu^Hczf S.;ldiers; and we may gueU at the Riches of Kducation of his Suns. I le overlooked Milcarnage.s but

fit to prcfcribe. Such a lonj; 'Fra^ii of SuccelV.J, ,• id lo
fpleiidid a Seene of i'roljjcrity, would cert.iinly Ii.iv.' turr-
ed tlie Head of a M.m ot lets .Miilities i!un th.- (i;;at A -
hi-urti'.f, to whole (ap.icity the Pcr:ii«uezi weiv more
mdelited for their Comiiults, tlian to ilic Annie;, and
F'leits which lie conuiianded.

I Ir h-id, indeed, all the Talent'; reiiuifite fir .1 Man in
his Siation, and with ihefi- liich a Dnj^ree ot Diligence ami
Api'licatiun, as would h.ivc enableil him to have pei-
fonni'd great 'Filings, if his Parts had been lels lhinin[',.

1 le loved the ancient I'nii'.ality I't liis -ouiitry. ;in.l ne-
ver futllied himfdt to be corrupted by the Power or
Wealth that he polVellld i am), iiuleed, he m.i le no Ule
of either, but lor the Service of t!ie Ciown. When he law
the Dil'pofition ot the fJuins, to nKalurc every Thiin; by
outw;ird I'omp, he feemed to ^:;ive into thiif Notjjn, a.id
afftCVi', upon publick D.iy, prodigious Ma.-inlicenee :
Bur, in t -■ midll of all this, he lel.ixed nothing of his for-
mer iJeverity, but lived in the iiiiilll of all his publick
Splendor, as courlMy, in relpid to his I'crlon, as any pri-
vate Man. Ill exacting the Dues of the Crown, he was

t',? Place by the clear Fifth, which was referved to the
Kins;, and which was bought on the Sjwt by the Mer-
chants tor 'Fwo hundred thouland Pieces of Gold. 'I'he
General immediately tauled a Fort to be creded tor the

puailhed Treachery, or N. gleet uf Duty, with i;-,e.^:urab!e
Severity. 1 le was extremely ready to reward, and ;ill his
Difcourfe at hisT.ible was of the great Aclion. pertljrnied
by his OJicers, while he was not only filent aj to iiis own.

• (IfKccr, JnJ the CommanJ of a confulcraWc Sqmdion given him, which w.u to be (tiit

' "" I iiuclU'd uith

.! I.:

I yn';i;g
•■nd thereby prrfrrveJ i.i'- f I'e *'

ti '■'. i;

()']2.

lie HJsroR r of the

Bookl

wre not of * Nature to l,c bonndod by any thine !«,,
kr Frcttncc ttvK a Hat was coiiiii

but woukl nor permit othcn to <omnum1 them. It
was a common Sayint; of Jiis, that he was alraiil ot no-
thinR but I'lattrry ; ami, it wa-i obkivcd, that he iicvtr

priltrrcd any whoatttmpitil to gam his yixid Ciraccs tJiat -^ ,^„v,, „c ucinaiuicil all tlu- \

way. Let them fcrvc their King ami Country, laul he, tilitry ol the I'lace, whicli, he Uul, was naxirarv f '
it they would be beloved by Jiiuquaqut ; ami his Adionj pnllrving it from the Liiciny. ■' "'"

were agreeable to his Words, for he ilillinguidjcil none TerunShab alfcnibled his Couniil, who drclaicd I
but Men of Merit. It has been well obllrvcd by lomc of in the tirrt i'Ucc, tky kiKw nothiim ot anv i,i, i. n'.,' '
the Pcrfuguezf MiAorians
made him alTed the State of

a'nied ar. .,nd thereto,,

make a IXttctit upon the Illand, he demanded '''''^'' '
tillery of the I'lace, which, he laid, was

, that the Vanity ol A'lmcyda and in the next, that they thought it very imprmic '^

jf % Piiiur;, when the Power of comply with the CJcneralN IJclign. J he Cowar'.l "' '

the Portugutze was but intliffcrently elhblilhed i whereas the Kuig. howtver, got the better of tj,c g,jod ^.^L '

the Moiiclly of .lU'uqutrjue was moll conlpicuous wiitn his MmilUrs, the Artillery w.is put (i;i B^wrd Jor tht *

his Vidories had left him nothing to fear, and when the lent Service, which the denetal would never rclture- b

greateft Princes of the Eall (cr.i their l-jabalFadors to beg haring in.ule Pidre li'.lHtuiiwrfit C;<.vern<jr (jf the (. luj'

his l-'riendlhip. he frizcd (iltcen of the I'luuts of ilic Ulool, wui, tlr

Yet, with an thefe Qualities, this Ilcrolud hii I'aulrs. VVivcs and Children, ami earned them away wiih Un \

I lis Ambition was boundlefs, and carried away by an ex- Oea, that h: might have fullitient Holtagcs lor tlitii w,^

travagant IMire of extending tJie Domiwions of the Crown IJehaviour to him, who, he was cjnkious lud K,;^^

ot Ptrtug.ll, he very littic regarded whether the Mea- enough lo be dilplcafcd with his Comliici towaids liitni

fures he took for that Piiri'olc, were jud or unjuil. In and thus, for the prelent, Ormuz was lubjccted to ti;

his private Life, he was a Man of the liridcl^ Honour i in Partugueze^.

his publick Ch-iraftcr Regard to Truth will not permit u« A little before the Return of 'fHu^Herfjue, he received

to lay lo .luuh r. Wh.a wc h.T.-c t.irther to relate of his trugnitkcnt Kmbalfy fron» the King of Ferjia, who fin

Actions, will tulljr iullity this Remark. He made him- ing himfelf in danger of fullering by the mw I-.nipir

lelf Mailer of C*<i without any other Pretence than that ereificd by this Cwrneral in the lull, relolved to p.fvtnt

it wai neccfTary to the Crown ot PcriHgal. I le had leized il he could, by otftring him las I'riendfliip. 'ihf i^y.^^

received him with all the Reli<e<t du- to the Miniilcr ol
great .1 Prince, and caiiled him to be tntertamd iki-
the Time he Ibid at tlic pubiick Lxpence, and thatti
with as great Magnificence, as the Cm umlUr.t -s cl Tut
and Place would allow. 1 Ic liltcwile nude tlie Pn/tan M(
narch very valuable Prefcnts, and liich r, lie verv httlcn
peiJted ; tor he tent him tome rery line Piico cf Bra
Cannon, anil various otiier L'tcnfiLs of War, to!"-thcr w,;
tome able t.:iglncerj, to maiu-ge them, which'^hedid ft
two Rralbns j tirl>, that he might leciirt !he linccrf Knr.t
Ihip ot lo great a Monarch, which he knew wtxiid be (
prodigious Confiqucnce, .is T'hin[;s then Hood, to th; .\
fairs of Poriugal,anJi next, Ixcaule he was perlcdly ntonr.;

M.i.'tKj for the lame Healon : And now he meditated the
Conquell of Otmuz trom tlie like Motive, anil he ef-
fected it in the following manner: He had tormerly, that
is, before he was drclarid General of the /»«ir/., attempted
to railc a Citadel tiurc without being able to cflec^ his De-
fign 1 but t!ie Power o! the Pinngiiat being now to
much incrt.iled, that all the Commerce of the LaJl i!c-
pcnded upon tlicm, the Kir.j; ot Ormuz had l>ce i obliged
to Ix-come tributaiy,becaule his City and Nation depended
B{>on Tr.idc ; ether Places could not be rich, but his Do-
minions, could not fubliil without it.

'Ihe tiien Kirj?; ot Ormuz, was TcrunSbab, a young
PrincT: of n» fJvK Abilities, and of a weak and

,«

timorous Spinr. In the Beginning of his Keign, he was that the Advantages gained over the Pirji ns by t!icf»i

were intirely owing to their Artillery ; and this grat hi
tician very rightly judged, tkit nothing o.uhrrrrnibt
Puriwfes bcftcr than keeping the I'oicc ol tl.^i'c rival h;
pires on an l''x]uality.

A thort time alter the Rtturn of Dan .-Upkufi tie
qunfte to Gea, he was lei/jd with an Illnci', -Uixh
tew Days carried km off at the Age ol lixtytiirce
was called by the Mchnmmel.im Alhuqiicriitu M:Liiuir.
cniife he was I)orn at AUltnda in Africa, wlmii in lii
IjlUrn Tongues is called I'ti...jn,:i -, but by the iKm^
he was rtilcd, and that very jiilHy, Ailuqueri^A! tbt (i
He was the al)lctt .SMicllnan, and by tar the ninllco.
mate Cieneral they ever had in the Indie, aiul Ictt
Allairs in the belt Situation ; and yet lie perlornud i
great Anions ot his Lite with vrry ineonru;erabl'.' 1
I'or With thirty Ships he tool; Caluui, witli t.vemy-fir.c
became Malkr ot G's.t, with twi-nty- three W: liiqiri
jMalatia, and had no more than twenty two in his lall
pedition .igainll Ormuz. At the Tunf ot his UkuI
wn, mediuiing two Projrds whicli would have rail'tc!
Repuration thll higher, if he iud lived to ( xccutc t
and they are both of them worthy the Charaflcr ot !
lull nous Pcrfon, and lueh as |.erliapi would never havi
tcrcti any other I lead than his own.

He had lb firmly ellabliilied the Power of i he A
gutze ui the Indus, tliat he fiw no Pollliiihty o: the 1 ri
b<ii:g diTcrteii into another Cliannel, hut by the/'
who he fufjKctcd would make tlitmlelvts Mailers oi A
and he weiy well knew, that by a ri|,lit Mari.igen'.in:
old Channel of Commerce, by the way ot Alci^i
niiglit Ik: rellored,;ind woulil thenbeconic inorecunfidi
than cTcr. 1 o prevtiit this, he inlinuattd w the tnit

entirely gcvcmcd, as all Princes mull be, who have- not
Parts enough to govern themfelve-,, by an old MinilK-r,
whole Name wa; l^trndin^ a >lan of great Cunning, but
of no entcrpriiing tienius, ;uid who, to fupport himfelt',
and fecure the AdniirMflration to his family, brought
tlirre ot his Nepl.cws to (. ourt, ami gave them (,reat
Polls in the Ciovcrnmc i« .uul in the Army. Hamed, the
youngell ot thtl'e, in a fhort Time gained, by his In-
lrij;iics, fuch a Share of Power, tliat neither the King
nor his I'ncle, had any more ih.iii a .Sliadow of Autho-
rity left. Don Alfhen/j JHujufrpu ! '■in;; intormcd of this,
ailcmbled an Army, and gave it out that Im Dcfign
was to ntt.uk Jdfti ; b.ut, wlien .it .Sea, he directed hii
Courie to the Caill ot J'r-fia, an 1 aj:pcartd before Or-
muz wlien he was Icaft exjK-cted. llr demanded that the
Citadel lho'..ld Ixr immediately put uiro his Hands, Por-
tupiczt factories fettled in the i'l.ice, ami that the King
fheuld abliilutriy acknowledge liiir.lcif dependant on tlic
CriiWn of Piriu^iiii

T.ruH 3ti:b, liunkirg it l>ener to be the VafTal of a fo
reign Priiire, ti.aa the .SUre of his own Miniller, exert-
<rd his .'\mhont/ to lellcn his own Drgnity, admitted the
Ci'-ii" ra! Kito tl... Citadel, aH.gred the Pcrtuguize tome of
the bell Houfes in the Town tor t/.eir F.iCtciy, and ordtr-
ed their I- lag t.> be i:il"p.Iayed ujcn ti.e Palace. Hamtd
coi.ld not !i:lp difccrerir.g ins Impatience, at a Changr lo
hidden and unex[vcttd, to prevent the Lftei'ts of which,
he lormcd feme l.)efigns againO tlu: (iencral's Lite ; ot
width I>>:i .l!ph«>ij3 w.ii ivj I Mi'ier informeii, than he
g;.ve Orders to Ibmc ot his .SjI ii-rs to rut him <jtf, which
ihcy, wiilioi/: Ccrcni(;ny |)crtorni'-d. II the (Jcneral h.id
il-ipj<d Ir.fc, It lud l.c-e.n well cnot^yh, but ins Projects

► If »f C'lr/idf r « l»t '^rtimmn iKe /-<7j,f mult hiw cf thr Brhiriourof the Poivrum, vit muft nitiinllv cind.id*, that iti'V (hught ih
M-,<Aiv «i,J 5) IxrtwiV.m, »\ t.hc Tarrw, ; ji.d, it.frr! > r. whrn wr t.rir what tlie firiux'ir.' call Ai'n «f I icjihcry, wc mult nol jbloliitt.»
buie J.'iciii !i< ll.» fii'l.lcu and njt. cJ Oilix^^iiuii cf liie Ih^i.iih, but (o iKeif I turn aiid Aiijirflxnlioii of the ri,rii.,t,*i, wliole VoU (It) '•■'
t:.il ulififc Fortf Ihr, ki cw nut hmv tn ttli:i.

■• ^i,'^ (.ityowrd iK.lh 11- KtifR arii .!. t.rJiiilrur ro in TraJf, and ihmfore uf ofirn hear it menllinfj. t<> On-v., tint ihrit i» nj Hk? f
• ■■mljruU-- by iltiu'Tf, th»t livi) not br rrmicrfil agtcriblc by I oniinttrr jti.l llir >S r.iiih ihit it |.iiiif>' in , ll.i w. lit 'I il i\ I'"' ["'I'/
i,' ■> ii-^oin|..... ;1,,^ "luuiuliiAc , jt.U It Hi. 10 tl.c I .^Ijjii, tJ,i| tuck Rife (luiii tl'Kit Wfn'.tli ai (iCuinif! .1', llut llit K>tH[ai;J ''"'f ''
ffc v.t-i ;!.((. !>'.'.'.* li'iri.

r*i

Cbip. II.

Portugueze Empire in the Fafl-Indics.

thrcr hi' lurprm!

L'haraftcrohiii^:!-
uuld never have (.-n-

r.r KihioPin, that for liir, own Scnirity againft fuch bad
Ki i-hboufi as tlic Turks, the heft Sti'i) he could take would
l,c U) ilivcrt tlic Channel of the Nile, by cutting a Palfagc
fill- ir into tlii.' Jrabian Se.i before it reached Egypt. If
thi-, Pcfiixn had taken I''tfert, it mull iindoiihtcdly have
ur.JiTcd the grcjtclt i'art oi E^yfit iininhabitahir, and withal
wciiilii have rendered it imprafticabic to renew the old Mv-
thral of tranfporting Enjl- India Commodities from the Red-
Ftn to Alexandria, wiitch was the principal thing he had in
Vii'w. His other Projcdt was to tranlport three hundred
Korfe from the Ifland of Ormiiz to the opixifite Coail of
Jrnl'ia, which is but leventeen I ^agues, and this Party he
thuw^ht fufficicnt to plunder the Tomb of Mohammed at
Mncn, and to burn the Relids of that taife Prophet, which
he imagined would have various good Confcquences. One
it would certainly iiave had, that is, it would have ftruck all
the Mohammedans in the Hail with Terror and Amazement,
ami have diverted that Concourfe of People thither ; I mean
to Mecca, which made the Commerce of Arabia famous,
and confequcntly would have promoted in a great Degree
liis otIv.T Dcfign of rdeuing the Trade of the Fafl: out of
the 1 lands of the Turks, anil other Mohammedan Nations.

The Death of this excellent Commander, though at fo
r;rcat an Age, proved fome Inconvenience to the Pcrlu-
ptzc Affairs, and would have proved a much greater, if
his Siiccelfor had not been at that lime at Cochin with a
Squadron of ten Sail, which he had jull brought from Pcr-
tugrJ.. This General ^Hhquerque left all the Settlements
then made in the Indies in perfeft Peace, and in admirable
Order ; and he likcwife left fuch a Body of regular Troops
3i were capable not only of maintaining what v/as already
acquired, but alio of adding fuch Conquefts as the King or
!.;s SuccdTors fliould judge neccflary. His Funeral was
|icitoriiKd with great Solemnity, and his Body interred in
a C'!i.ipel dedicated to the Blelled X'irgin, which himfelf
j;:iil built at Goa, ami which was much enlarged by his Son
A'.plmfo /ill>Hqiiirijiie, who liveil to the Age of fourlcore,
ami gave conliderable Anillancc to fuch fJiftorians as have
recorded his Father's Aiitions.

10. The Perlbn chofen to replace this great General
w,»s Lopez Suarcz, who was come for that Purjiofe with a
tiqiuiiroii of Men of War from forlngnl to Cochin, where
lie receiveil the News of ylliuji 'que's Death. It Items to
have been a Maxim, and iiielecd it was a very right one,
rot to leave the lame Ofiker too long in the Polfeinon of
lo grc.it a Power as it was necelfary to veil in the Viceroy,
(ir(tt:nral of the Indies, and without doubt it was owing
to this Method, that fome of thefe great Officers were pre-
vented from making an ill Uic of their great Authority,
and from letting up for themfelves, which all things conli-
ilered, it is a woniler they did not, fincc with a little Ma-
rag'.nvnt any enterprizing Commander might have iLcured
an NMnn Iw.and to himfelf, and have brijught the Inliabi-
tanis to think it their Intcreft to defend him. SuarcZ w.xs
ro liioncr entered upon his Adminillration, but the People
ci .il/ii lent F'.mbafTidors to him to let him know they were
rciiiy t() comply with his Demands, but he took no notice
<'t ilieir Subir.illion ; and having a Defign on the E^ftitin
Mat, which h" heard w.is coming tlown the Red-Sea, he,
to keep his I'eople employed till their Arrival, near the
Strei£;hts ol liahlmandcl, attacked ZeiU a Town on the
lo.iil ot .ij'rica, oppolite to Aden, and gave the Plunder to
la- Soldiers and .'^eamen '.

Hut Sniiiez too late repented him of his Negleift of the
l'f(>['lr ol .luen's Officers, for the expecU'it Fleet of E^vp-

l:ans ncvfr app-ared, a'ld that City changed focn after its
Kefohition of lubmittinf; to Portugal. To the Loiis of this
happy Oppoi-runity fucceedcd another Mi.sfortune; for
Campjcn rlie Sultan i)( E^ypt being overcome by the F.m-
peror Sclim, ami his Dominions becoming part of 'the '/^fcW,;/'.'
I'.miiire, the Coafts of Egypt and the Rrd-Sea were mucli
better guarded than before, ftveral new Forts being crccteil
there, and fupplied with good Garrilbns. In the mean tini«
Jndrada, who commanded inchiefatM^/rtfi.-??, mad^ati Ex-
pedition for fettling of Trade to the Coaft uf China, where he
was hofpit.ibly entertained for fome Months, but his IVojin:
growing infolentupon his kind Reception, commited feveral
Violences, and he was forced toquit the Country with the Lo's
of a great Number of his Followers. The Portw^ucre cl
India were now but in an indiflereiit State, and 'the new
Forts lately liniflied in Cylon, and the Kingdom of Coul.w,
were fcarce fufficicnt to keep the Inhabitants in their Duty,
fo that Suarez being looked upon as unequal to fo great a
Charge as the Government of ihofe Acquifuions, was re-
calleel, and Janus Lopez appointed his SuccclTor.

He, on his Arrival in India, having quelled fome Infur-
rcftions there, and overcome the King of Bintam, whom
he forced to accept a Peace on his Terms, repaired to Or-
motiz, antl defeating Mocri King of Bohnriiii, an Ifland in
the Pe>;/ian Gulph, reduced it to the Obedience of Portugal.
Lopez was fucceeded by Edivard de Menefes in ir,ii, who
reftored the King of Pacem, in the Ifland of Sumatra, to
his Dominions, on con>!ition of his paying a Tribute, ami
giving leave for the erecting a Fort upon his Co.\!l . In the
lirfl Year of this Viceroy's Adminillration died Em:niucl
King of Portugal, the greatell: Prince that ever fat on
the Throne of that Kingelom, who, having redui cd to his
Obedience not only the Coalls of all Indi.:, br-th within
and without ih: Ganges, but of the Gulph of Perfui, and
and of the RedSa, and covering witli his Fleets tlie Ethio-
pian and Atlantick Oceans, fliut up the Navigation to thofe
Countries from all others, thereby totally evcluding the
Venetians from tl;e Commerce of the Fall, wholj Merchants
had ever fince the Ynr i 269, to that Time,whol!y engrolTed
that Trade. Fie alfo fubdued great Part of the Coalt of
Barbary, making himfelf Mafler of Afojia, Tiia, and /Iza-
mor, near Cape Cantiii, and tkfcated the F^orcos of the F.m-
peror oi Morcceo in feveral Rencounttrs.

He was fucceeded by his Son 'John III. about which
Time the Viceroy of India appointee! Lc-j:;is de Memfes,
with a Ilrong Squ.ulron, to keep the People of On;..v3 in
Obedience, and lent Gayfias llenriquez with anoiiser to the
Eaftward to make farther Acquifitions, which fitter i"ail-d
round the lllands Band.i Mira and Cumanapy, and proceeding
thence to Tidorc, there fell in with one ct the Siiips that
had been fent out under Alagcllan by the Kmperor Ch.irles V,
to make new Dilcoveries, whicli llenriquez attacked, anil
made himfelf Matter of, putting to Death, or making
Slaves of all the Spani.mis on Board. This done, he erected
a Fort in the neighbouring Illand Tcrnate, and lhi;tly en-
joined ti',; Inhabitants not to vend their Spices to any other
than the Portugueze '.

The next Year IIc"or Silvcria bring appointed Admiral
of the Indies, w.is joyfully received by t!;e \'iceroy of Gca,
from whence he jiroeeedcd to Malacca, then belkgcd by
Laquezimenfs tiic King of Bii:u::u's Admiral, and having
happily railed the Siege, detaciied Alonzo dc Scufa to tisc
Coall of A;«.'i;.v;, wliicii liaving r.ivaged, he g.\;:ied a great
Victory over the ^iLij^u oi Pabang, Patana, and Java, kill-
ing great Numbers of tl.e F^ncmy, and takir.g kv^iul I'ri-

' Tlic Fleet with wliicli till. Commnnder f.iilcd into the RtJ-S'm was I7 mucli fuFCrior to any tiling ti^c Foriumr' fiad ever been ■.■-o.c to put to
&.'a lidnii- that 'rinn:, and uis miitrly tl.i- Ettect of l)on Aipl-.niii if .1lli,^u/rijui\ PrudeiKC an^l Ueigence. It conliacd ot tlurty-lcvt-ii I.ii;',e hlups,
...-! it i!it (ime lime he .arri-'tsl bclurc ./.■<*, llierc «.i. ik> IVtcc iu tlie //;,//« capable cfdilpuiini; wi;li him. 'I'lic Ke.ilbn that the- Ir.li.iuiuuis ot ih.it
V.'.\ would then have luhiuiucJ u..^, liecaule .i yi.'jt I'art ofshcir Walls remaii.ed UMrip.ured, lb th;U they v.crc n.H m a Coiiilit.e:! t>^ "i-it-"-' .my LV-
fnitr i hat when they oblirvcj tha Sloniief- of l.^c l'Q,iir.,ucv,- General, and that lie did not enibr..ec an O.iei <;t luch Inipuit mce u;di the Re..diuel3
t!.it lie ouj^iil to have done, they ioll ii.) I line in lepairiiig their Fortifications, and puttmi; their City in a i'oUurc of Uelencc, lo .li to he no longer
u;,;;a.\pprehtnrions iiCli!'. l'd\M.'r, and then lliev treated Inm with Contempt. ■ d 1 11

• It apre.irs from hence, that the l'Mi.^u.^-\',etK the hnl who ittempted to mor.opoliic the Trade of Spices ; at which tlic Keiuler nijiy be the

:T,C:e li,rpr;/ed, lince we do not hear at tln> '1 ime of any other lur^feu-i N.ition.- tleit traded in tliufe I'arls and thtre.'cie this Iciuvoai^ l.;e liii.:il>i-

I .SpiCC, nili;ht iippvar an nnnecelViry I'recautiun. 'I'o fet thi. Matter in a true I igi.t, tlie ihrcc tolloA.i^ i'ovn nm;l be ojieived : _ In ti.e

111 out til tiieir llmids.

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ynmi

Ni.

M u. XLVi.

:-y.\A~,

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\mmmmA,\kMi

6;4

7hc II 1 bl R r of the

Bco!. ]

mm u

foncrs i aftrr wiiicli, procrfiiins; '» A/*. //.//miiJ A'.;a/j« two pointeii another in hi-. Kooni. on londiiion tlmt he fl,™

of the Mc'ucui lil.ini»s near 7(J»r, hi- phinJcrcil t!icm, and nuintain no Army nor H- rt with(-ut l,c.;v; irj,„ tin.. /.'

iinii-d olVa j'/r.it Htx'ty. The ntxt Vi.ir I ,: {uez de Gjm,i luguezr, luit commit hiniklf ssholly to tlicir I'rJt-cV

wa^ apiHiinn 'l' Vircioy <it the IiJui i Imt as lie' was m a This lionc, he wont with his h'ia t to (,.).•, wiurc k''"

viiv aiivamcd Age, it U'lng improUihu- lu' ll-.oukl hvc lircd a N^nnkr ol Arbitrators ^^l^Ilt IvapjMmual to lirt

\ov'^, a Coiinniirioi. was nuiic out \vv Hairy .!f Moifjh to wlictlii-r he or S,imp,iyo was the- pn.n r \ ictioy ; but t\ Ut

fiircml, incalc ol his Dcri-alc, bc-fcic the- iliu'c Years ut liis at tirll rcluloi toliibmittoany Arburaiiuii: Imluclotwliii

Viirroyalty l1»ni!ii be fxprcil. 'I'hi-rc was a thint Com- c:>ntrary to all Realon ami Jullice, he ki/.cil an,] mmuio!

iiiifllon t»r/dro i\h;(iir:'d\i.<, apiKiintiny hiin Vicru.y, il him. IuiiikjIiiu^ that this would put an 1£ikI tothrLmt i

M-nffii flioiiM dif i and a loiircii to Up,z .U S,wip,i)o to by In^hting the 1-iicndsot his tu:iipct:[oi iutuSiLiKv b'

fuccecd, in lak- ot the Death ot .\f,ij:,irod'.i3. I'he Porlu- ir. this he took Ins Mcali.res (^uite wiuni^, lortliib\id'rc

fUfzc by this means were almoll leeiiie of prtiVidmi;, that inllead ot lelUning the Interell of 1 ).jii Fdio, inircafij i

tlieir Acquihtionsin /»<i'/J IhoiiM nor remain without all-ai', I'o that at lall he found hiii'.leif under a N.ediityofyn.],!,,

and the !• vent llirwcd the jjihhI KltVas of their Care ; lor to this I'lopolition, and thirteen Judy- s were choll-ii tu i!

(;.;w.j did not loi-t; enjoy his new 1 lonour ■, but having tide this ditiuult <^ielliun, whieh by an Acculuittlutiia

f-rll defeated tiie I'lopie ot Q:.'i(!<t m an iMi-Aagrmtnt at pened in the mean time, was made iliil moit; diiilciik,"
i^ea, died within tew Months alter his Arrival at Cod, lo I'or, a trefti S.iuadron ariiviii!; trom I'.nu^a!, brw-

that the Vneroyalty devolved iip««n Hcnn- d( Moifjes. more ot thcle IJiUets, with an Oriler tliat llidi of the I

'1 he Coinmiiliori by which he was to lueeced was lealcd ones as were not oiK-ned, Ihoukl be fi)].prtilai an.l i,

>;p with this Supcrl'cription, A'c/ /o /y orrff;-.//*./ which God back, and that the (lovernment iliouU be (.icti-rmiiiciil

forbid.) /'rt/jw: de Camtt, {'ufipy and li^l' ■!di:::ra: cf the t.hc new Billets ; the tirl^ of whieli, l)y the Ailviec of /

Indiisy2'.;//'/'C departed tbn Life. This being n<.nv ©iKned fhcnjo Mixiai, the firll Mover ot all tlu-ll- I'roi.blcs, w

Iv the next lommanding OiHcers in the great Church at 0{)cncd, contrary to the Opinion of the wikHjnil UitM

Cabin, Menn'n, who was then abfeni from the Place, was at Gut, who forclaw, tiiat inllead of iciUning, it wa

piiKlaimcd N'lOtR'V, whofe Ad.minillration was Jikewilc ot augment the Doubts anil Sulpieioiis tliat lu.! t.'irown t.i;

a lliort Date, and. iiiverfiiicd w itii Ix^ih i;oih1 and liad l-"or- into Factions already. This Billet ixin;', m Javu.r ot I

tunei for atter levcral l-n^gcments witli the diluuliaii.' pcz, he mlitlcd, bctorc the Judges, that both thclunr

with v,-nous .Sw-cel"?, he deieated tlieir Meet m the I'ort ol Numii;ations were void, and therefore he iiifilUii oiilyi;

Uu'.cta, and made lumt'elf Maftcr of moll of their Ships ; on tlus laft -, and they beiiij^, tor tlie mad part, of his \\

fi«n alter whirh lie dellroyed a l-'lect ci •Jiiri.iilj Ships off tior, or cite corrupted by Mixin;, tame imo it at uii,

IXtl'j!, another of .\.'ctrj olV Znlj v.orlled, tliat ot the declared him Viceroy, and to ptt an end toah Diijwcv,^

I'lince of /'.;.'.;«•» and Ldftt^v.r.YKCj the Adnnral ot Bin.'jm, dered Don Pidro Mau,:r(iihas to return iiiime\tiat;iy

aid then aiivanein;^ to tclicve ihe I'cnir^ue^e, Ixfiejzed by I'crtugal ; with whicii /\tb!:r.U!cn he compiiec!, asjU.n

the IJjtmy in the" Fortrcfs of C.i'.nu!, he perlurmcd the j>erceiv;ng that he could hope tor nothing by contjiiui,

lame, but'died of a Wound he had received in his Leg by in the iKdia, when 1 hings were in this Situation. (.

a:i Arrow in i!;e Year 1520. Ins Kr.urn to Lijl'on, he laid t!ic vhole I'rocceJn i;s b

Ihiiunlixky Accident had very !-.u! I'..TecHs on the Af-
fa.rs o( the /':».'.;ca.'~', and as tlielc were the Rcluk cf the
veiy I'leciutions' that wcte taken to avoid them, it may
not be air.ilV to cxamin: thtin more at larj^c. As loon as
it was known at G\fl t!at Hmry de Menrju was licu'., all

the t-'rcat O.T.cers afleniMed, in order to ojK-n the Hdktsby of this kind might Ix- prevtiued for the tuture. 1

winth the SuceelT.T was apjxjin'.ed i and on oj ening thefe. King accordingly heard and decided thii Matter u

the Authority ol Vietiry devolved, iiiH)ny'...Vi.A/.'_,;v;;v«Zv;j, great Julliceand Wildoni 1 t'jr, in the full ) la^e, h:i.

v.;io was tiien at M^ujua. (.)nc ot the Officeis prtllnt, cillni the Decree ol tlie Arbitrators and uii'cred tlut;

who took u|xjn h;m to have rr.o.c Wit than his Neighlx-urs, prelent X'lceroy, Lcpez, lliould pay to Dju I'^iro l\w:

liio'.ijjht pioi-cr to d;llingu:fii v\<m this Ckc.iiion between tljcjfanii Crowns, as the I'loiiti ol ins two Years G^vi:

a ljener.ll prelent, and a Cienetal at a DilUncc i he laid, ment, and, at the lame time, made a reguiatijn loi tin

th.it tiie Intent and Meaning cf tiiefe .Subllitu'.ions was tore to thii I'.llid, that on the opening ot tiiclc iiiilu

fore the King, together with a Miinuru!, in wi.ua
rcjirellnted, that as all tlKle Diipuf had been oceaijur.i
Irom tiuir not knowing certainly l.is Maieily's i'L-Jiiu,;
luinibly delired that 11 might be declared, who it mjj 1
Majelly i:'.tended to have named \'iceruy, tlut Accid-::

J>iibll:tution, the Ablence of the I'erfoa 1 Jiniaated 1);
ni.t prejudice him in .my de[;rie, pr(;ViJcd the i'l
named was in any I'art of the India lutween 6"i,v
and. Dm, which tak;ng in the bell I'attcf tlie InJa.,
dirtd It imroflible that any lueii .Vceident llioukl iier;,
fall out as that which had occalioned ail tias Curjlulior,
But as Dun I^ptz had, in other ReipeCts, bchaveiiw
it was judged the reafonabiell Courl'j to leave hini ri
lelT.i.n (,t the (lovemmml, moie elpteially, hnci^ iif
t4j!u;ed to part with all the Money he had hitheiu ae

puin'y, that the tjovcrnimnt in the hiJitt might never
want a 1 Jead, and that an .ibieni I lead I'eing in i-.ilctt :'.o
Head at ail, it was nfceir.ny to o[*n anotinr Udict, in
otiirr to priv»;re a Viceroy for the ] lelcn:, till I'edre Mtij-
i.:rer.baj ihould arrive from M.:'..u(a'.

'1 ii:s I'rop'ril WIS far enough Iru.n bting univcrfally ap-
pr< ved ly all who were prtient, bccaule maiy oi lium
torela\», that under pretence o.' provniing agaiidl a ilight
1 \.\, t.r rather a.i IiK-onvcni.-ntf, t!iey weie on the IVii.t
c-t turning into a mucij guaiei Milchief. However, /:l-

fitnfe Mexia:, wiio tiill pt.;]«.!rd the Opening tlie other id in it. As tocjii as t!ie Knig's O. Jus arriv.\; 1:1 t.i
Bdi.t, prcftol it with luch i-.unt ftrcl's, that at lall 11 wai dd/j, Don J^pez executed them in every Rclpca, re
fompiiul with, r.nd the Billet bring ojxrned, Lcpez di- Sam- ciled himtclf to the Friends ol Don Puin M.ijUri'd.:s,
piiyc the I'ot.rih, lubllitutvd N'lvtioy, took ujxjn l,;in that Uhaved in every othtr Circumllance as btxame a \eji
Cl.argc, aid g.;ve the Malahuruini a li,;nal D.har in an Man .uid u goixl .Subject. liut no looner were the:.- i
I'ligagtmciit .;i i!:c Mouth ot the- liacamr : \kn ,M.lJ'ldrlll-
l ■■> l::_.^!ily tilciiiinj'. It, th.u Saiijay^ ;;.ould idurp t.'ie \'iit
1 yalty out ol hii liirn, v\c/uk: I y no mransatcjuielit wiih
mat I'icK. ceding, butMiiumed to h.inftll the Title am' O-Jkc
<'t Vircroy, aiul being loiccu to wan the projHr .Valon tor
tom.r.g di.wn to C7:.;, took t!;-t Ojiioitiin.ty t > re- air with
a 1 k-;i i.f i.i;.etren S.ul to the toalt ol firu^ri, where he
i!,lrai.vi Z, ji-.v.'w.Tj.'.-, the Fntmus Adinnal, log-thir with
ir." l-.-r;f t'l l\:inir'^, which < amc to their Atiiitanee, when
t.i.ir^; t!i-.- Ci;y ol lliii.'um by Storm, he IniifU it, and the
Iviiig dying with (jimJ at hi^ ili SuiccU, ,\Uj\arenLai ap-

files over, than new Difturbancts brok-: uut, wh;
lioiu.i fidli Coniufio;.'. in the hi^iu:.

Ili-iiy GuTitJS, who was at tliat Time Guv;-:
of the .V/t,Wi<.'j, linding AlVai.'s extremely cmbarri
by il;c Wan which his Fredeceflur had made ag
the King ot Iidor, with veiy J;itl-.- .\.:va:itage, thj
lit, <iii Jiii full coming to his Uuveinnient, u i"
IVme with /t/niiin/ir, win) w.cs then Kir[' u! thri k
on Ctjnilitiim thai he Ihould lellore t,':e .•\:[:i!civ
I'lifoner^ he ];dd t.ikcn from the Poitu^urze, wh.-^:,
the Sp4cc ol li\ Months, he undertook to do. Bj:

mm :

' 1 .'.il hi! iSe I'cj;int.ir;2 "f I'-.ofe r..rt oi« which jtmrj aftcrscirJi fo f.iul to the Piitiii;ani ; for i! ji cfitaM, m:t i/'thej- hlJ nitf..
sr'.Of (.:i (..tr.lV.vc-. i..f) ii.igiil l.avt |ri-!mcii thr.r I mpi.t m tlii» j'jit <j( ihc Woild much Ut'^^rt, ami iiiucli mi.ic :i;l;rci lii! wh"! ll" ''
I ..-. l/i^« t > iHipfi 11 cca I. ll.tr, ui.i* t.r 1! 4iiy I'tui >it|,. Ii,f it.r:r | iivitr .\.'nt :t.u;r. jt tlx I >i«i.ci ol tiic j'uiil e . liiiCi.;!')! ll:tu Cet'i;'
i 'td I. I » ,.ii!rr a- !•.- .".luCKy AcviJti.: -.tui !ii'..j«vJ, o, i;.c DflL-iiiui.) c! ll.ule t.J::;i.n; m-.J I'.lot.. ttlin.!i j lu.i.'. t;.c ,",ii.i. J iNc.' ce-;: :m ■

BcoU. ■ Chap. 11.

[."-x Aitiii"}' ■'•;■'

I'ortii.Tjuozc Empire in the Eafl-Indics.

\::,,, ol Ali'.ui'i in ilioll' I'.uts altcriii- loon alkr, Garfms America, and this bcrarifc his Tliouglits were tntircly ticM-
,p,„tul l.iin ut the Icaic, aiuU.iulvccl tu renew the cd on the vain I'roj.ct of raifing iiii univerfal Monarchy

, , ,, II,.- I r -- agamlt their ambitious NeighU..,,i .,,

to amund tlie Lanmin and I nioners i to wlueh Almanjor Europe; from wliiclj Flan, if fhe had never varin*, Ihe

iiiuLiillly reiily'J, tlut he would have dthvered tiieni up might have cfcaped becoming a Province to Spain, as ihe

wiicn tlie I'le.ay was nude, it it had Ixen in his Power ; afterwards did, and all the unhicky Cotilequentcs tliat fo!-

Ir.;; tliat iiavin;^; lent the Cannon to a I'rinee who was his lowed Iroin that Coniunftion'. But it is now time tu re-

Nii-iibour, it re(iuired lome I'imc to get them back, turn Irom thefe Retleaions to the Thread of our Ililtory,

1 k liad fu iitlle .Siifpition however ot the Governor's bad Matters being fettled in thofe Ifiands, the Viceroy Sam-

ViS^n, tliat, biing at this lime extreinely iiulifjxjfed, he fayo, fcnt out John Deza with a Squadron, to cruize off

RqiKlUd him to lend a I'hydeun, whole Advice he might Cananor, and at the fame Time, dilpatched Aipho'fus

nuke I 'le ot lor lus Recovery. Garjuis accordingly lent Melia to the Simda Illaiuls who, jull as he had doubled the

one, uiKkr whole iJnedbon the King put himfelt, without Cape oi Comsrin, met with fome Deputies coming to Goa,

the kail Relerve, and was by liiin moll bafely poilbncd. from the Prince of Calectira, on the Pearl-fiihing Coail,

Imiaidiaiily alter the Kin{;'s Death, Garfias lent again to with Oilers of Tribute and SubmilTion, upon Promile of

ileiiuiid the Cannon and Priloners, and becaule the People Artillance againll iiis Isnemies the Calecutians.

(iifirul a Delay till the King's l-'uneral w.is performed } he In the mean time, Beza, upon his Station, intercepted

luviiig all 'i'hings reaily, expeiling the l.'.vent, made a all Ships palling between CaUcut and Cambaya, to tiie in-

U.lani upon the Illand, attacked the ca])ital City, took credible l.i;!s ot the People of both thofe Places, and land-

ir, ,:;i.l plundered it, and treated the People with the ut- ing at Ahm^dlor, the Inhabitants deferred t!ie 'I'own,

which he plundered and let on Pire ; after which, fallmt';
in with Ciitia! the Admiral of Gv'iiiit, he eng,aj',ed and
defeated him, and carried him Pnloner to Qir.uiicr •, and
about the fame Time Anihouy Mirandu failing to the Rnl-

K,,\::A t!ic Porlugiuze, it caufcd among the People of that Sea, took great Numbers of tlie Ardian Ships, and

TiLinJ, and of moll of the reft of the Moluccas, an im- burnt leveral along the Shore; Sampayo hiir.feif, oiF Cs-

l^acalili liatied againll them; loon after which, aSqua- nanor, deitroyed the gieatell Part of a Fket of one hun-

C'U oi the L.mperor Cbarlci \' . arriving there, was wel- dred and thirty Sail of Mooriflj Ships, bound to Mecca

coined by the People of 'Itder, with all the Marks of with Spices, and then repairing to Porca (the I'rincc

kmdncis, (Jii account of the Spaniards equal t'nmity with whereof was a formidable Sea Rover) he Ian led t'u're,

tiitin to the Pcriugucze, and being received into their and took the Town, forcing the Prince to betake hinifelf

I'urt, they railed N\ oiks lor the Detence of it, in cafe of to Flight, who left fuch a vail Booty to the ror:uguez(,

.,11 Ait.ick lioin the iMiemy. The Spauiiirds, who were that the Share of the meanell Sailor came to a, thouland

:iK;Il Inhumanity".

.\^ this was ilone without the lead Provocation, in a
Tunc of lull Peace, anil when there was not the iealt In-
t.iuiun on the Side ot the Natives to renew the War a-

i.ni'.er tlie Coiniiiand ot JgnigUi:z.i, alledged, that the Mo-
^eu of Right to them, as being lirll difcover-
,',' I, with a Comnullion trom the King ol
the Dil'pute h.iving been fubniitted to Ai-
.jtermined in their Pavour.
other 1 land, the Pcriiiguczc, under the Com-
mand ol Ucnnquez, laitl, that the unjull Sentence of the
dyl. !,..': Arbitiatiuii had been reverted by the Judges in
Pirtu^al, and that thole Illands weie dil<:overed ten Years
bc;ure tile Voyage of Magellan in the Spanijh Service by

Lucm I'n

bitracic ,
On ilie

Dollars. From thence he failed to the Northward, and
near the Illand of Bombay, fell in with a l-'Ieet of the Ene-
mies, under the Command of Halija, Admiral of Cnm-
br.ya ; whereupon proffering a Reward of one hundreil
Dollars to the tirll Man who boarded one of t.he Enemies
Ships, he im.mediately engaged, and having entirely rout-
ed tiiem, committed the Fleet to the Command of M-
randa, who, loon after the Viceroy's Departure, c.inie to
another Eng.agement with the Mai.uuri^uf, b.lorc tne
I'own of Chaid, and gave tlieni a lignal D-feai, kdung

.intkny Jbi-cii, who was lent out to make Difcoveries by great Numbers, and carrying off a rich B.oty in Spires

J:[kiijo Albuquerque, in whole Company was Magellan
i.unlelt, before he had deferted his Country. Thus they
ii;.,,i;tid w.tli Words for a while, but foon after came to
Kiow:-, the People -jf •J'ernaic taking Part with the Porlu-
pz., and thole of 'JiJcr and Gilolo with the Spaniards.
ilij Ijtur llruck the lirll Stroke, by belieging the J'criu-
gu.z.- lurtrefs in Jtrnale, where, at the lirll Attack, they
took one of the I'.nemies Ships, and now the Spaniards
iwdPcringueze had gone near to have attoned tor the Mif-
tliitt> they had done to the Indians by the DcllriiClion of
I (Jthir, but that the luiiperor being engaged in other

\o Cochin; loon after which, tW Pcrtfgn.ze r^i.\\.K^^\ file
Town of 'Panor, nude th.e Prince of tne nei,',i',boi;iing
Country their 'Pributary, and again routed h:ill:J]a, the
Cambayan Admir.il.

In the mean Time, N:inl:o de Cunta f.t out fivnii Por-
tugal with a Commillion to be Governor, accomp.niied by
his Brother Simon de Cunha, who was co lliaircd Admiral
of the Indies, and in his Way tliitlie,-,_ attempting to put
in at Monbaza, in order to pal's the Winter-Seafon there,
was refufed Entrance by the King, but forced a PalVage
into the I'ort, and making liimlLIf Mailer of the Town,
Tave the Plunder to the Nlariners, and let it on Fire. De-

y\.\x%\\ till ope, negleetcel to reiiioie an Acquilition, and ^.... ■ i i a r

for a certain Sum ot Moiuy, yielded up his Right in the parting thence early in the Spiing, he made the belt ot

his Way to India, where he relolvcd to make himlelt

Mdiii\as t>) the KiKgoi Portugal

fills was louk'd upon at diat Time as very indilTercnt
Policy, and as the Eltccts of his not conlidenng attentively
the Advantages that irii[,ht have been derived to him in
Luipe, by the prudent Management of his Affairs in

Mailer of the Town and Fortrels ot Dm, iituace m an
Illand of the lame Name, near the I'aitrance of the Gulp'i
I.A Cambtiya ; to which I'urpofe, repairing thither with the
Fleet, upon hir, .\ppcarance olf the Place, he received an

■' As f.,o„ .-,. ,l,i, w:.-, krnsvn lo d'.c \ :cfroy. l,r fcnt a new Governor to the Molucca,, one (,.v,.5', ^-''. »'/<■--. between whom and "•"-•''■"'>"«
hippn'.u! .1 I,,,.. Dirrule, ,n whicli thw btt.r w.,s linl nude l'riUM>er. .nml :.(te,uar>K the tormer • Anu tl-.-o, n,.tv.„h:l.LndHi; t..c .,^;■,■.«,..•; vurc ac>
..a,lv p,k.flcd'V,r/'.V.., a,,d «cre cm'cavo>u:,i; tu f,ct the rcll ofihe llbnd^ nuo ,!u,r 1!,..,-!, «l,-,ch thews the mUnution o. '•■^/;^'"^ " ' ;\1'°
«oud m„ .,v.,,| .|u;,„cll'ng at tlut ^m liiirarfe. when V^■^n^ wa, n.oU neeclUry. :u,d when not only the IvMcnt.on ol their Coinnurce, bet l..e

Mo„n>t':) N'av.il Traa-i. The Controverfv. f.iys he, to whom

'...•,//., but cvcnuorc v.u , unlo.tuna.e ii.e.cl. At lall Don .7./, HI. ol /V/„,«/. ^^^''^^'■^^-YV"'''''lTr'l^Mlo^^VZo.
u.>d,cU.ra llfty >ho.:la.,a Uaou. when le v^enr ieao /.w.'v to be crowned I'lniHTur. u,-on Cor.daion the '^"'iV' ^ ^ ^'f fite n^c^ld^o t o'e
W ,„ 1... |'Jra;.o„ ..: u.e .l.'.,l..-..- lil.i.d.. nil mat .Mor.ey was repaid ; wh,el. lei.ti i.ever done, the i;a..«,V/ never fince pretei.ued to n.o.e

HI) hen j; (,r .! ill jei.dea uicicun, and cou.d not be leeured without it.

■ \\V ii.\e A e t.ir Aei-viu: i<t thi- Ma-.;cr, ..i;J a very vood one, in Sir ll'ii/iam - . .

tW AU„.„ ,b,:,M belong, eontinued beUiJea the usol^.^us of ^;.:>, and /V,,.,,./. a,.l the .f'«'"''<' ">:^ae landry Attcmrt. by ^^ ay of the

Sirii. ' ' ' ■

hu)

lull-,

^"'1 mean by thi . th.t ,f the /'„./.,-,-. luJ cultivated M.nu.f>ilures at llon.e, in order to (liprorr and ATr';- their '^'^"'"'"^ f" '^;^«^;;;;,;;;;^
"'d en.auni; li Uun ./l ■ , m loruu.mw did, ,n V,ar» on ihe Couiinent. and ,n /;.-i.-;M. they mult luu keon.e o, e .1 he rnuepal n.a ntnne
1"-" m7^,.^,. ::d h^;- t 1 ^ U.^. ^Jahhaiul Strength, as wculd eiiVoUuKy ),.,ve leeuied the.n '- -- 'f -J /^ i'f '1' H idmot
Hui ,he I .;u4 o"t '.,;:\w.d und iruitlel, L.xi e.ili.m. to ^uiry the liumeun cl .uil'inou. I'liixe., wu piove f„t,d ,o a, y, but ..c.ll, and moll

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Fnvoy from B.i.'.ur Kin^; ( f Ctrih.na, witli OiVi rs ..I vi< 1>1- *vrc, at lfnr,tli, Ui!>i'uri! to S/^.wi I-y n pj^^^ vicbrv oh
iiu' the Fortrcls mto hi- I laiu!s whicli Ihimj; a^u)rd.n-:ly t.iinni over .1 ] Im ot /V^mA Ships fnu tluthfr ti mv,
ixTtormcii, ii w.is cuininiital to the Cutlixiy ol .Inlhcuy i.iin thrn> in the OIh-iIiciici- to ,A;//io,,.v.
Suv::!-,! ' ''^'' •'"» ■'«il'l'<^'i"" «'» the PtrHrtuz.' to the Ci/J-/,,,.

' Not Ions alter, tlic King of Cj«^»v/», at the Ir.lliKation was very irkloinc ami txlioiis to thi-iii, |i, was it attenid
of the Turk.!, who were very dclirous ot a;<ttin;; /.V« into with t onUinii nics vny f.it.il to thrtr l-itcrHK; tor, um
their Hands made an Attempt to diliK'tl'Ms the rcriu- the liill eonimoiions in ilw I .ow C'ountiies Phihpnii,.
r«r^^ and recover the- I'laic •, hit with an iintortunatc
I'.vent hi*, with his Turkijh Auxilliaiies k'lni; entirely
roiit.d, moi^ ot his llcft Uink, and luml'eh received his
r> iih's Woiiiul in tlie l-'nsai^enienr. Soon atur thi', So-
hm.:n, the 'luy<:lh I'miHtor, lent tl.'! I'asHia ot Cairo to
lKli.s;e It, with » Flcrt ot lixtytwo Cialhes, fix IralKons,

[k1 other fmallcr VelVels l^avin[; on Bo.ird tour thoufand

<\\ I'xpf'he.itstoqnilltiuMii.woiiti

Ml!; tliat one ot thi

Ik-, to deprive the Inhalmants of the AilVjiuni'irtVry'rr
eeived by Trade with Poriuf^.tl and 6'/.,,/,,, he'imihjht-il
all Commerce tu-rween them •, t..r, in th(.ll- Timr, t|...
Dutih Ships made no longer W.y.i^'es than to tlulr Cma.
tries, for the Commmlitus i)t /»,,/,,;, witli which ihev af-
rrrwards hipplied the Noithern N.itions o\ hurcPf ' ^'^
Ptiiir's lVfi).vis met with an l-.vent very contrary t,i hi^

aiKi

Jani/.aries fixteen thnntand other Soldiers, Ivlules C»un-

ncTs, S.amen and Pilots, which, on their Airival l>cforc F.xfxVtations, though tlicy were hitvi vrry'dreplv, and ini-.
the l'ow,i, were ioiiieil by eighty SaU ot Ships ot dim- lW\\ with the utinotf Stradincis, as well as IVxcmtv, ihc

Conqucft of Pcr.'u^al, indeed, r.irried along with it the

A;vj.

.;?.

Ihe lurkijb I'asfha landini; his Force?, battered the L'onniiell ot the llomimons oJ tlu /Vr/«r;/rinn the t'c

Fortrtfs with lixtv I'lece;. ol Cannon i but the (.lovernor hhiifj, ami fecmed to |>roniil'e the ,syrt»!;,;r/i the entire akl

witli great Bravery liilUtned his AtMck till the Arrival of quirt Poiledion of both Iitdics : Hut the I'rtiicd hi"m

'.;,vfi'.is d< Sironka, the new Niccroy from f;j,;,to his Al- vrry liion to fiil, for, in the tirll HIace, the l'ortttiu;z!

"ilLiiue, who, by a Straragrm pairnvj 'hio' the Inemirs (.ovrmors paid no more timn a icTced Otxiiirncc t'l t.y

Crown o\ Spain \ .ind in jiroiHution to ihc Diihiicc n;
th( ir Settlements, the (>ovc mors were, more or Id- cir-
(umfpect as to their Ci)ntlu('t. On th-- other har,>!, th:
Sranuir.is havinp, many Atiairs ot their own to miiil,
and very little, it any, Conrr-tn lor the tnie Iiiicrtlh 0!
Pcrtuj^a',, the annual l-lee is and rerjiilar Sopplirs werr re
•;leCtei', or, wiieii tent, proved vrr) tar Ihort of whar
they ou;^ht to have been. A too iniict Serf, of this H-
lax.ition of (iovernment, ini'iMid iiurv w!;,) «■(•:;• vilitj
with Auihority in the In.lief to make I'll- ot it iiircly ta
lerve ihrir private l*uriK>(is, without rei',.ireir.j^ riiht-r tht

Fleet with Drums Ixatinr; and Iroir^en I'oundiii!^, as if
th<v haii Ix^n lome of thnr InUt.to Allies, tlie Turk',
upin Diliovery ot thnr Mit>ak<-, raiici! the Sicgr in the
iitmot^ Confullon, leaving txhin.l them their I'eits, Am-
monitior. Artillery, in^\ alxive a thoiil'.'.r.d wouiKled Men,
Ix-iidfs the like Nuniber that were out on Forauiini;; all
which I'll nto tlie I lands of the I'oriu^uezf '. Att.r the
D.ilh ot />.iJi<r Iv, lore mentioned, Ahtnu.i became Kinj;
<il the Gtmi'iiwin.', ami /;/•» d>- C:iJlro Ijcceeiieit Si.r:nha
;•• tiic Periiiguiie \ Kirov, in which Time tlie CamiaiJii
a:id Turks made annthtr A;tempt on D;m, but with the

•ike Succets as Ixlore, d.'Ctjtrc riUtiny, tiiiiu Ixnh by Sea j-ubhrk Welfare of their Coui.iiy or the p.irtiiul.ir Bjicnc
.Hid Land, with a very great Slaughter, nttcr which, he of Ue h aj were under their Protection,
advied leveral Works to the I'laee, and railVd a new Cita- IVu what contributed moll to ilie Ijnedy Ruin of their

iivl, in a more ad.vae.tageiAis Sitavtioii, and ot iiuich l)ft- AtVairs w;i«, this Aft ot Policy, by whkii Phihp il. prj-
ter Materials than :he ti.rmer. hibitcd.on their HelKihon, his Subjects m tlic Low Own.

1 1. In t!-,is piolj^roiis Manner did ihtPoriugufz:: eairy all tries Irom trading to aiv, Part of his Doinmions hv which
Ixfore them iti India, during the Kf-ign ot 'fibn III. who !i, a<)loliitely forced (hem on the Meafutes, by which thty
(iyii^g .-/./). i;;'', was luccceded by .Vctw//(<i«, then an ,ii",grAri.lizrd ihemlelres.it his i;x|Kiice. It hcluil.svoiilij
(iifar.t. That Pnnte growing up, was lb intent u;x)n hi.s tins unlucky Prohibition, ha I treated iiis new Suhiirts
/«.j;.ji/ Aci^ui(i:iof.5, tliat he rilolved »>n a Voyaj^r thither kindly, imd made a reafir.able I'rovillon tor Don ./w/sx.",
himltlt •, a"id It was w,th D^Hailty his Council found In- might luve I'ecured his /^i.'/i", and ail tliiir Wcjli^
Means to >i.tVwadi- hini from it, I'hey did at length pre- which, well min led, and th;ir Prm'uee prop-rly a;>
vaii on that Point; but coul.t not i>revent iits undertaking would, in t fhort .Sp,i< e ot Ikii', have en.Uileil hini t)|ii

all his a'nbitu)us IVoiidi into l-.xetution. Asitwjsth;
Duuh finding an ablolute Stop put to t!;;ir profitiM
Trade in lH.'.<t Commodities, which hiiherro tiiev lu.
boup.lit in tlie Ports %n Spain .vm\ /'tr/«»,7/, rfl'jlvej, imiiic
diaielv, to trv it It was not podi'.ilc to go and fetch then

a Dcligii more ha/.aniuiis than the former, t'»z. aii Fxjv
eiiiion againl\ the I'.mjxror ot \hrc<<t \ aiui he embark-
ing tor tliat Purixite sfith a great Army, and the Mowor
ot the J'Jrtv^ui7( Noljiiity, oii lUvrd a numcuuis Meet,
lande.1 at lux^itr, ant ilnat!viledly iViJnh.ng up into the
Country, gave the Mccn lUttie rear .tliaur, v^herc he
Was cut I iVwith the whoit Army '.

He wa: l;uf ceded hyliotry ire I ncie, then in an advanced
Age, whole Keigii is renurk.ible tor notlung but t!i> Dii-
pu'.' s about 3 Suctt iTor to Kim •, he dymc, , /. I). 1 £;So, Pbt-
hf II. King of Spam, wlio I..1 : IVetenfions to the Crown,
•houuht ir moil expedient to end .i!l Diljnites l>v the I'oiiit
<A ;;ic Sword ; aod undcntan -.ing tlie great Inclination
tlie Pertnjiu(7': h.id ';!iro«i;'J) Hattrti of a djlilian C»o-
verimKT.t; to let .i-mnia, a natural Son ol jfoJi MI. u[)-
on the 'I'hionc, he ordered i!ie Duke of .Iha to miir( h at
the Head of a pnwerlul Aimy into the Kingdom, who
lf»on rrduecd it to hii C)lK-di(iKe, forcing .Intcnio to with-
c'r.iw to h':j(!'!>id ; Ifom v.iiu.ii, .itur lonv untun elvtul
Altrmpt'. to rn over fns It^ll I )omtiMons, lie retired to P,rris,
all 1 (lied, there ./. /). I -i) ;. 1 h- red ol the Territories of

from tiie Indifs diru'llvv wlureas, had they Ixen
mitred to li.ivr port hain! tlwin in their .leruliomed .M.i'
ner, this IVIign had never been thought i>l, hut ;lu' Com
merce ot India h.ul continued 10 ifj old Clunnel, widxn
Invy or DiiUirbanie.

We f.ive now conduitrd to its Clof'e, tlie liril Part (
tliis .S'Ciion, and have f!irwn Ihiw this Navi};ati;;:i w
ojo'jM-d, improved, .ind mono|K)li/fd i'V the Pirturrz
how rh. ir Loiiqiieifs in this P.irt <d the Wnrhi were m,l
and maintained, and how by f ntertai ing and purluing (:,
StheiTVot dilfant i-xpeditions, the linaliell and mull 1
loiilidetnbl- of all tlie Kingdoms ot l:urop(, lietativ
ot the ri( hell .ind molt |Wt'nt. having it entirely in h
ow 1 I'owir to to hase in< re.ilwl her marUiint- lire.-.'.
have had no Caufe to dread the .Ambition it IitN
Uiurs, ot their iiuiled Fiideaviairs to her Preiiidicc. l im

that Crown tell, at the lame trir*, mto the Hands ol the we now to as clear an I'xpian.it.on ot the icrimd I'm
t. ii!-,;;ucror, except the .r.cr.'.>, r wcllern Ii'ands, which wliuli within the Compats ol tins .Section we proiH'i....

' Iha W3< <vw of llir >.»rj!»(\ >nrl ir,. .1, (lonouralit* V-Mnrif. tvtr g»*'tt tiy llif Atm» r( the /'"/k '.r-.r ; ti t it u.e rot .-..n::..! '^'>'' p""' '"''
flffcij v.KIk", or ne->.:-« J Otntr.l im.ie^meiieil »i;h ir.r .\tt ot W ,,r, tlnit llii- t ffort wai iiij.k-, Init a}',;ui!(' .; numnnu^ .n:..! wWi ..'j. fHi'iJ
»r>v. c 'mj'lr ::v fun (I.'i! with nrry ih:r ■ ,t%.tStrt f"r i .fiviiig or ih- Sirv,' ' '"■ ."'•puntum of tliu \ irlorv v..e. r ' led .'.Ivjiil'iC'-O'i' 'ii-i
\ ifin-y irr'). (pirtiliry f>»rr .//i», '»^< '■ uiid f.-»/. ; 1 1 thai ihc f/i.».A Knij;, »<i»ai I. Uv.t iiKO /'j. ';.<•...', IJ c!.!.i; i itie I'l'lut •! ■''■■'

< !, lic'.evr,' 1«; I";

>^:.•^ h- '. ni..-'- .i>ii j;» 'M Ih-',^ \.t, m '.-err t'l iuiij; .t up in h.i I alinti 1 1 i>iiiiuiniii.iit Otincr.

' r»it I o" "<■ |>,n .<.,t,ti!'fl>- \n\ ill f.i ■! 'o He I'lrtiruri,, mil It prrl'tiul S iiiur\ ot i.Yii IVincr irnilrrril h.in To
t.'i.t th<y couW fcir<! 1- g thrmffivn ti Wnvc (HpTCull/ u hi» Body »•• iir»rr touml, th.il hi- (ni.lVd ,n Ii h Muv.i N.i). " '■ IlieW"'''
Oiiiti ol Oil! Niti.in M Ii.i! Hour, Ihj; hr rkaprtl , .ir.il ii 1, ifrtiiii. tint 4 I'nlon «li'i ciiicil hMiilcIl •'r/>.iltt.:i, .ipjf.irrJ atiaWJH^- ■>• '

, tlrti r.am.enl in i lall St-niiic, .ir.i .li-lrmltil himirll (.1 hi-II. iti.e lie «» I" 1' '-'^
' /u'.ur.',, \^lio .inpr.ldiicii liiiii lull Jl A.//'./.'. J.fiil . .'ti-i«.iii!> c.irritJ I.e.i iiiW .\.'-"'i, whc.-c In
V>,i.ii.tticr.-, jLii::..ii,; lu ;:.c ir;y ii,l, it^i lie Wu uo Impllof. but the out Kiiij; //./.''/wir.

»hfn-, «.; I'c frtjiird of tlir Kifij; of ','»!
lie a.'icrvari. ic!' n'o ll.c JIjw!, uI ihi.

tin' :irll I'jrt c

Chap. 11. Portugueze Emph-e in the Eaft-Indics.

, .. It wou il require much Room, and add very litilc ten Miles, taking in all tlit; Forcifications nidd round it for

to tJK Kcuicr s Satistadion, fhould we proiccute the Hi- its Security, wlucii bend according to tlu: Couilo of tiie

l!ory of the i^tfr/«^««^ tropirc m the Laft, through all River, and are io well furnilhed with Cannon, that hitherto

ilic Changes and Revolutions to which it was lubjeded, they have renderal it impregnable, tliougii it has been very

t;oiii Jie Caules before-mentioned i the rather< Ucaule as hard prelTed both by Indians, and by the Dvuh. It was

tluir Dominions incrcaled, they were obliged to carry on from this City, in the Latituile of j./ -.u North, that the

\\m in dilVerent Places at the lame time, with levtral Na- Portugueze made their Difcoveries, and lint moll of their

lions, and with great Variety of Succels. In order there- Colonies, and having given this fliort Account oJ it, we

loie to feparatc thefe Subjeclj, fo as to reprefent to the fliall next proceed to defcribe the m.

Reader wliat is of Importance to be known, and that in 13. The MMives are io lituated, that it was impofliblc

the ealielt and cleareil Method poflible, we will un.Mfs the Europeans (liould make many Voyages to, or be loii'*

il;c moll remarkable Difcoveries and Settlements of this fettled in the Indies^ without being acquainted with them"

Nation in the /«<//«, according to the order in which they fince the moll northern of them lie l)ut litry I .e.iaius from

v.crc made \ the principal Events that happened in them Cape Comorin. They extend from 8- of N<jrih Latitude

I'.iiring the 'I'ime they remained in their 1 lands, and the • - - " -

Manner in which they loll ;hem, whether to the Induius
or Emopfutis. By this Divifion, that Conlulion which

to 4» of South, ilretching in Length conliquently near
two hundred Leagues ; but they are net above thirty or
thirty-live Leagues in Ikcadth in any part of uw /hihi^e-
lago. _ Within this Space are contained a prodigious Num-
ber of Iflands, fo that even in the Time ot Ptolemy, that
is, in the fecond Century, they were accounted 1 ^7^ i but
tiie Inhabitants maintam, that a fmall Part of tht m only
were then known, for their Sovereign takes the Title of
Sultan of the MuUhei, Kiiig of thirteen Provinces, and

ociy Country will have its Hillory prelerved in fuch a of twelve thoufaiulIllL's. There is in this, without doubt, a

Muiiier, as that it may be ealily compared with whatever " ....

iiij bein laid Ixifoie, and be with like Facility turned to,

uli 11 what is hereafter laid, may make it necelVary.
lidure we proceed to thele Dilioverijs and Settlements,

it wii

mull necelVaiily attend the Abridgment of a general Hi-
lary, io pregnant with Events, will be avoided 1 all the
r.ift'.ii;« rtlating to the fame Places 'iid Perfons, will be
r,i:.i;al together, Io as to give Lii;ut to each other, and
ii:i;:(T the Pcrufal )f iliem eafy ami entertaining ;at the
Ijine time, that l)y being tlius digelUd, every Colony,

be necelfary to fix the I'laee from which tluy were
Vn.u'x '. Calicut, as we have before fhewn at l.irge, proved
tijiiill i'l.ice they vifited in the Indies, though the iirfl
l>)rnikation they built was at Cochin, which lies South from
It. Ihey were fole Mailers ot the Commerce on the Coafts
ci Miiabar from the Gulph of Camkiyo to Cape Ccr.iorin
lor ,i!)out one hundred and liity Yeais, wiiicli iletermined
ili.ni to fix the Capital ot their Dominions as near as polfi-
l!i' to the Centre ot this Coall, which was one princi[ial In-
('utcment to their kizing Gaa in the manner before men-
tiuiiid. It Hands at an equal Ditliuice from Sural, and Cape
Comeiin, in a little Illand made by the Rivers Mandoa and
Qu.iri, about fix or icvcn I^cagues in Circumference, and
c\. the Uillance of about three Leagues from the Fall ol
ilidt Rivers into the Sea. The Name of the Peninfula ad-
joining is Sa'j'ette, and the Soil is extreamly rich and fertile.
In tlie hot Sealbn the Waters are very low, fometimes not
.ibove two Lect in Depth j but the rell of the Year they are
Io high as to afford the largell Vellels an Opportunity of
entering the Port of Gea, which is one of the fafell and
moll commodious in the Lfnivcrfe.

All the Territories adjacent to this City arc held by a
Treaty widi the King of Decern, who by yielding thefe,
piiahaled a free Trade for his Subjeds throughout the In-
dies, in all Commodities except Pepper, v.-ith which they
were to turnifli the Perlugueze alone. Since thi.s Agrec-
m;nt many Difputes have happened, and when their Power
has been great, particularly in 1635, the Viceroys of Goa
liave treated their Neighbours with great Severity. At the
T.ine bitoie-meiitionet), they had Intelligence of four /«-
(:'.u»i VclTels bound with Pepper for MaU'a and Po^J,
which they chafed and took. Their Cargoes, purluant to
i.:- Treaty, were eonfilcated i yet not iatisfi'-d witii that,
t'uy murdered all who were on Board them in cold Blood,
in uidcr to flrike a Tenor into the Natives. This Beha-
VKiur has, ;is it might well be expected it would, railed a
molt violent Averfion in the Indians againft them, which
t::ty never fail to difcover when any Opportunity oilers.
There are in Goa many fuperb Edifices, Inch as the \'ice-

Mixture of that Pomp and Olaiit.ition which is !o conim(>n
in die Eall ; but for all that, there are, unquelliona'-.ly, many
more than the Ancients knew any thing of un J.er 1 hr-; Mo-
narch's Dominion. Admiral Suarcz Uifcovend tlicra in
1507, and he made an Alliance with their King, which
was confirmed by Sequeria, who demanded leave to build
a Port upon tiie Illand of Male, which is the largefl: of
them, and the chief City of the fame Name is the Capital
of their Monarch.

John GovilZ, wlio was fent thither for this Purpofe, met
with a favour.ible Rece[itiun, and by dint of Prefents pre-
vailed upon the Kin^ to agree to his Demand. lie built
this Fort of Wood, there being neither Stone nor Lime in
the I (land. It was extreamly well fituated, and in fomc
meafure commanded the Port, lb that it might have been
of great Service to the Portugueze, if he had behaved as
became him i but no fooner was the Fort finifhed, than
prefuming on the Terror of the Portugueze Name, he began
to lord it over all the Strangers that traded thither, though
his Garrilbn confillcd but of leventcen Men, which occa-
fioned a Confpiracy ot the MoLiimmedans againll him, who
attacked him when he leall expected ir, and cut otT him and
all his People to a Man, levelling the Fort with the Ciround.
The Portugueze were never alierwards able to obtain any
Flllabliihmeiic in the MaldiviS, which is the Reafon tim
feveral of tiieir Authors treat them as pitiful Places, and
their Inhabit.ints as a bale and barbarous People, contrary,
however, as we fliall fee, to all Reafon and Prudence''.

It was impollilile \u\- tliem to Jnulile Cape Comorin, with-
out taking Notice ot the noble Ilhind of Ceylon, Ccylein, or
CeiLn, called by the In!iabit.ints Laiiici:, which in their
Language li-niiics the T'cirellrial Paradile, or Holy Land,
a Name given it by its I'.rll iving, I'igia Rajab, who is
llippofed to have llcurilhed five hundred Years before Chrift:
It was afterwaids called lu:ni:ra, or Iranate, which is as
much as to lay the Infuiar Kingdom ; it was alfo called
llibenaro, or tin: Fertile Land, and Tenariftm, or the Conn'
try of Deligl'i. The /ini/'ians call it Serendtb, or rather
Serendiic. It is by many held to be th.e largell, and is,
beyond Controverfy, in itlllt, the richell and nneft Illand
in the Work!. Tl^Pi^rtugutzc lettled here in 1506, under
the Condud ox Laivrence Almeyda, who erertetl a Column
with M\ Infcription, tellifying that he tjok Pofilflion of

toy's, the Archbifliop's, and Inquifitor General's Pahices; that Country on Behalf ot Enw.miel King of PcrtK^dl, be-
but above all, the Churches are exceedingly numerous, and caufe it h.id no Mailer, though at the huiie time he treated
l^nie uf them wonderfully rich. In Extent it contains about with the limperor, and pronuled him the Prot^dion ot li;s

' Tlic F.iJI-lnJit> in gener.ll .irc very prnperli' illvidc

r„

ir.to the nominion; of the CJre.it Mof.iil, anil tlie :ulj:icf!il Kingdoms en the Continent,
Prn :,!„ without, the /«,«,././„ «i!hm t'lie'o'.^^... and the tnand. The P^,iuf,u.^,- fcll.ng a.s thvy did , it their lirllcoau.g into tiiclc l'art>
t-<'a;l uf .■|;«/«/.,,r. which nuke, the Well l-ront of the I'.ninfula luihout the G««'.s, acquned the happiell M..t.oiul.,i: e-vjld he del.red t.r
-.; l.'.nr (.onnnercc. and their Cmquell. on ,ery Side ; and there i, Re.don to Uiie-.e. tlut ti.e.r luni^j a. ihcy did 'lie .V it ot their h:i-.p:i:
>:Je, cjiitnbmed greatly to the I'lelcrvation of llieir Uoiiunions, notuilhllaiidinii all the UI0H4 nude by the h:.!i,>r, and the M.

''•"ihe:™, but one rood Defcrlption ..f this prodiy -u, Archip.h;,, written by F.a>,c: VU.,rU<l., I'.,!, .t Fr,„ctn:.., who was a long Time Prj-
1 -r ,„ ,„K. ot thele IlLid,, and which, n. it i ' a \V„rk equally ciirl.us and inllruaive. and at t he fime .mie exaMy »...■. om- I hn, a. . -■ ^^ 1>-^1
l-u- :t .It large in the next Seaion. which will give him an Uppoitainty ot oblerwny how litUe Cau le the .' ../.-..,..■ "' '" ' ^•" '"'^ 1"- •■"'-»«■ «'
^.■■.' .'/'..■■; -n with Contempt, lince it i> ceii:ui.. that they a.c one uf the bravelt, ai.d one oi ilie nioit pohic iN.aions ol the Lall,

N I' M B. 46. *"' ^

tlie
the
extend-
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Mailer,

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678

I'hc }J J S7() R r of the

I'OOk I

iff ''^ Mi

f-lw '^ '

I X

III it
Hi*

iM.

Miller, ill Conl'iln.itum of ! r^ro ([Jiintals of Cinnamon to
be juiii him .m .11 .iiuuwl 'Irilnifc.

In I r,:o tli< y Iniilt a I'ort lu-ir, and began to fettle, .in.1
aftcrwariU i)l>t.iin<\l .in ahliilotc l'i)w< r over a ",rrat I'art o\
the Klaml, under Colour ot the Vinjic rot's Will, who maiie
the PeriiniiiZf I 111! ■ of Ins Dominions. The Iraile thiy
carricil oii'ihtrf w.xs v, ry conliilt-rabl.-, ami nrxt to the Vice-
roy 'liip of thi- Indies; \\\<: Captain Ccnrral ot t!ii; lllami,
wa- tlioufjit the fill \'o\\ the Kn i', ol Pcrlugiil h.ul to Ik-
How. The CoinmtKl;tic-s thry liti w trom htnn- wen- long
I'epivr, tine Cotton, Ivory, Silk, Tolacco, 1-bopy, Miilk,
Chryllal, Salt jnter, Siilpiiur, LeaJ, Iron, Stcil, Copfyr,
bcfulcs the three j',r.iml Artules of, C innamon, all kin.isof
prfcious Sronr<: cxrcpt Diainoiuh, an<l I-'.lrphants.

A"i locn as the lyutih o.inic into thf fn.iin, th< y formal
a iX-fign of makin-? theinf Ive-; M.ul.ts of lo vahiabh- a
Pl.ue. I h. y m.ulc their fnit DiUcni in the Vr.ir i6>->i,
.in<l earried en limiitinirs optn Wars li'imtinvs kcnt
( .)ntr!V.inr<s ap.ainll th:' t'criu^iuzf, till in the S|.<.icc of
alxiiit hfty-tive Viai-s, tliry comiiieatly ilrove aii'.l wormed
them out fit rVv-'c, niakiiiij; tlunilVlves Millers ot Co-
Umi'o ami A'.';,"""/-, wlmh wne the principal I'Liks in the
Illanil am! ot' the Ibon;', IitipIs of PiiMlo Cai.'o, which
co.-Timamis th:- Kll I lax'iii in Cr.'on.

l he Pcrtu^mz:- iirld the ir !• Itabhihments here for abodt
a Ininilretl ami filty Years under lixtern Cap:ain-(iineral«,
from l>on /V.-Va I/iptx ./«• S^uz(J, who w.is the llrlt, ilown
to IVin .iincnio J'.ifitiriiJ y Mentja, who was the la(l.
Captain Kii-tyro, wlu) urcite the Hillory dI tlii-. Manil in
lO.'-'';, and prtftntcd it to the Kini?, of Pci::t^,il, .^IUlns ui;,
that the Countty w.is loll throup,h the Covttoufnef-. and
I'fide ot tlie (ji)vernors, and the Luxury, I,azin<lii, an^i
Cowanlice of tlie SolJitrs whii h he iharj^cs on the inae'tive
AdminilUation m Pctfuga', th.!t took no care to look into
tlie M.ina[;emcnt ot lo tonridcrabie a Settlcmt lit, and
vhich btdiif^ht in lii larj^e a Kt venue to tlie Crown ot I'er-
tu^c'., till it was t(KJ late. \ Circiimllanfe lurely that
t)u;;ht to Ix- rcme mbercil, and confidercd by i very maritime
Power.

14. The Illandof 5im;i»/r(», which rxteni's itfelf North-
weft and .South tall, fiontinj; l.ie Pfmxfiil,n<\ Miiticai, is
divided by the l<)uinoct!.d almotl into tworqu.il I'art^, ex-
tending to 0" of I.atitutir Nonh and South, h is about
two hundred am! fifty I.r.i};ues in Ix-ngtii, ii.xty m Breadth,
and live Inindrcd in Circumlerence. 'Jht- Putwuiz^ came
hitlier in 150^', under the Command ot Don Di/^tio I^pez
di Srj;itira. Thry found tlv Countty very de lircablr, as
lieing extr-.-an'lv r:th and fnuthil, and under t!ie I>)niinioii
of lirverai p-.tty I'lince*., ssiio svcic continually at War with
eaih o'.her.

One would have imai^inrd, that this might have aflbrdai
an Opportunity to the J'lr/upuzf ol liibjci-'liiig it entirely,
as they did other I'arts of the fmiifs ; but it hapiiened
othrrwilr •, for the I'eoj'le, by their continual Dilputts
an"'.iH', i''''"i'''^'V''i were b!e')me l<) well aujuainted with the
Art ot Wat, tiiat thry were not .ibir t<)makci;rcat Imprrl-
iinn, bt't ctiiitei;trd themliivis with a lew SLttlrmcntb on
the I ...;i't, which enabled them to carry on a very lucrative
Tradi with the Iihabitants, not only in Sulphur, Rice,
Ginj»(r, IVpj)?-:, Camjihire, Caflia, Sandal, and other rich
\Vti(xls an! Drti^s •. but alio in line Tin, lion, Cop[)er,
Silver, Ciol i anil Diamonds'.

The l)u!cb iei^an to intell this Ifland in i .-96, and foon
after, a' t!:eir I'ower increaled, Iv <^an, as iikial, to rxi hnie
all oth.rr Natu ns ; but the Inl.iil iraiits lixm (hook (jfl'tlitir
Yoke, a:)d ar- Ihll in a ^reat meafurc tree. It is for this
1< afon proliably tliat ainv il all our European Writers con-
cur in treating their I'eo; I" :i<, the moll ( rurl, barbarous,
anii p-rfuiioos :;i the Imii-f, w.'irhout ever conrivierinf^ that
theic s'rry Kpith-ts may • c juiiiy retorted u|Kjn thole wlm
tnd.'.uv.,.., to d.r|.nve th;in ol liitir 1 alierties and their I'ol-
fcirK.n-, without th- Ical^ C olotir ol Kif^ht.

15. 11.^ jMoluaat, or Sjiu- llU;-.d$, were not dilco-

vertd by rlie ^.r/M; «/o,. till (|,r Year !<,„ ,,nH ,l,.n ,
It wrrr, by ihaiwe, l-himn Snr(,„n m\ Ihena' it
beiiiK lent to make DU'Werirj, wne |(p,„,i(r,| |,y , jj
the fomirr peniir.itcd as fm ai 'lo,„>lf, but the L,"?
covered only the Kland ot .1mh,,„„, ,mlalierw,nk,?
ot Bandj. Ihey Ipcnt about eii^lu Yr ,h „, iliclr i>| !'
nen, which culV iV»r./»/» his Life m Ins Krmrn, \v,,
indeb'ed to a /'c»7«(;w#e^ Writer, wlmli; Nnitir waj' '/
gtnfoUu lor a lir|.e \ lillnry ol ihrf v,ilii,,|,tf |iin,V; ,,,'
coiiliU, (truJv l]>-al;inf>;, ot ho mnie than tive'. i,,
whence It 1, laid ilvy re.eived thnr Name mtlir„L,^
l-anp,u.V'e of the Inh.tbitaiits. I'll, y are not mil ot L
ot each other, ami he all ol ihcm within the Coniinji,
twenty-tive I .caf-u. s Ihry .iic Unmus tor prwIueL \
vera! loris ot v.iUiable .Vpues, and are povermxl I7 thn
Kmiis I'hcir CoalU are veiy dan,\rrous, kcaiJc „t Sam
and Shi Ives : 1 hry wrtr tomirrly lubjri^ to the Chimt
then fell under the "f.tvnntjt, and «err jtt<Tw»nls futxfui
by the MalAyam mini the A^WM«m<r/rt>»; hadlypm to it
tic in them, and conrert ihr |iihaliiunt!« to iheir Wijin,,,
but a very little while belore ihry wrrr difcovcrcd byt|
Prrtuj^uezf. The I lilh.ry vse have before tr*ntinnai,
equally lopioiis .uid curioin, but much tixj bi.ptolnvc
I'l.Ke III this Collection \ yet we (liall rxtuk'l (rum thtr.
a dillin.'t Aicimt of thele Illands, bfcaiife nootlu-r W
tcr allonls 11$ ai y thin;; comparable tliereto.

ifninie, Uy^ he, n cip.lit I,raj?urs in Comp.ifv, t
I .and IS liiph, ai,d they have cood \V,itrr. Init little j',-
vilior,', and lew Cattle, cxtroi (ionn, 'I'linr diiej Kir^
conlill 111 Cloves : Thry have rxiraordinary Harrots, ^h:
excifd thole of the H'e'himliej in liHakinp, ami nu
Hiriis of P,ir.i,iiie. They h.ive Alinondi, aivlroatfcT
bacco. Durinp, thnr Wars with the Ptriu^uiz/, th
burnt all their Clove trrr«, niire.l to the Mo'iintJitis ji
Dcfrrts, and loibul fr|liii|^ any ihmp to the Pcrm^utz;
pain ot IVnth, which mUiced iheni to j;rfat Extremii
Thou(;h tiny burnt the Cloves in IVlpite, our .^mli
fiys their .Mbes did lo cultivate the Soil, that it prodiic
them in j;rrater abundame than ever in a lew Years. I
King of this lllnnd was the itmll |K)werful of all thcfoi
teen in the M-liKitii, and lH>allrd of a divine Kxtracii
wliich the (illy I'eopte hnnly luliivrd. lie w:is.Sovfn;
over feventytwd Illands that l.iy in thr (Jrtai Ardtptk
Ix-twixt Mind>vuio i\\\ the Notth, tlioli- of Bima is\,\
rea on the South, and the 7<'>f./ IWrnit of Wxpn.
Nevu Guilt: ti, or. the Mall, and had his Tribute iiiG
Amber, and Hirds of P,ir/i,life.

Uavira^ made thefe I'^iiat Coni]iie(h over his Nc
liours, he talleil himlelt bnipertirol the ,ir(bfel(i^:,w
there were many Colonies of ( htilbans i biitnuilluti
were drftroytd, or apollali/ed by the IVrficutioiiab'
mentioned, .irji^etiiola pjvrs a p.irticiilar Aecoiint ol
I'orces whirh every llland (oukl raili', and in ihc w
reckons thcr.i at iio.joo Men that wire liltcJ, licl
Multitudes of otiiers, and a ftrrat Number ol SI.
M,iiiy ot thefe lllanils liad tin 11 pariiiular Kings hit
fuiijcci to liiin (if 'IrtHtile, and frved under liitn, to
vcngc the Death ot Kmp, .lerio, who w.is treadicrc
murdered by the Purtu^Hite. Tlir. p.rcat Kiiiij's N
was LJiil'iituh, /1rri(i'% thud Son : I le allownl the /
to traiie here in l,<,oo, rnirrrd into a llrit I'riT..
with them, and cntertainnl them with l'ij;lits ot (<'
tors, .itter the Manner ot Ins Couiitiy. The Ih:;
(Iftetl him to nial.'-olf the Yoke ol the ,V,i(i«.W; .iivl
tu^ueze ; and he was vii'ioruuis ovii thole ot 'W-''
I'iace where he kipl fiis ( ourl was lijnimti.'.imm.;. >■:
Coall, (onli(linj5 iliirllyof one Street, their Hoiil-
iiij;ot Wool 1 and Cane. Aliout a I .eap,ii'.' Irom h;
tliere is a Town called \titl.i\\ im lolcd with \V.i;
Stone, without Mortar. 'Ih- Ko.id to (...ww.te
lu.t ^;oikI. riicie aie llill loiiie Ui mains ol Cliurchrs
other Strih.'^luies, built by the /'er/(^i;«f:c. Tlit: 'I'l'
the iJulil built iiei'c wan ifr!u,ii) \ the next »,iitlic

' 'Ihr Rtitrur <ifihi» I(I»iiJ, wl.iV m ilic Hm.li of il.c Cr.n^n of T .fu •<■.', «ai imiiullv eonvrvnl lo t.'..i, 011 tl.>.r.! « flitlcnn. itttir.lu

the } if«.,if o- c.f 10 .n f.j, -Ji.,! Pii|«ih , 11.1 i:„i (iai roll uai ll.u. iirov.ilra I lir I ifliifi. v»rir, < S •(" • ''"'^'''' ^^''^"•. ''''"' ,,"'

•iiiil tfv.4r1 , !t,c .Irii .111 KotJ *r)e, • *'i (iui.|Wr<, lour I- \rf,an Seunt.., n.ti ty SijUk/>, :il«i Imiy hiIiiiimhi \l.ii'n. i, of llie ;i..'mi, »i'li.
|t..t>li:o( .'(.jvu:! M 111;.', for .it- ,\!.„,.i:n.rfc 4im1 i'.y of wI.kii, il.c King all.mr.i .iiinujlly yMf.'jt.j Kiry.,iii MfW. 1,-. 1 / J>.iH'- "'''"'
•' •• ;''if..«n.fihe/'if/«^,.« Uu.tiuciil. mii.c l„Jn,, CvlJij ilid jiiifpub;,!!.! .1 liy Don i,..g,.o/ jV.l/i."f', » lio » J» \ Wi'l '^" "' ■"

Il.lp II.

Portugiic/c Empire in the Kait-ljicJics.

679

■ uc. ut ^hM^'y liy \vhiil> they lixcd rhcniftlvcs lo well, together with Thmas V n\i, with the Ciiaracter ol

,,ut I'.o Lui^piM N-iiion has bicn able to ilillixiuc tmUiilaiior troni £»«««<■/, King of /'«r//<i;.j/. On ilitir

,,111. , Arrival at the Mouth ol'tlie River Cvz/ch, rlic PtrlH^uczi

li,:ur is lar'.^cr than Ternate, is alio a partiv;u!ar King- Ships were flopped by the Chiiuft; and only two fuifered

loin, ;ii"l pvodiites the fame Fruits : It lies a little South- to proceed up the River, on Board one of whivh v;as the

!• ,ilt twin Ti:ni<ii(, near the Line. I'hc Spaniards aflillcd Kmballadur, and the I'ortugutze Commodore /luilniJa, who

[''„■ Iniiaiiitants againll thole of Ternatc at lirll, but had was a Mao of Qiialityandot flrict Honour, lb that he foon

Vvar With thein at Ull, ami treated them barbaruufly, till gained very much on the Chmefe^ notwithflandini; their

,vici!tdl)y the League above- mcntidiicd, The Dulih natural A verfiun to .Strangers. By his Civility ar.d police

.,i';acked th- Spaniardi here in 1607, and alterwarJs with- Behaviour, he firlt drew them to trade with hii.i, ;; .J then,

r;;t Sue> i t-i i but, at lall, took it by the Allillance of the by his Exaelnelii ami Probity, brought ili!.-:ii to have a

KiiiiT ol lern.'itf, aitci an oblUnate Relillance, and were Cunlideiice in hiin ; but what had tliegrcattll I'lUlift of all,

kliJiy rcifived by the King, who allowed tiiein to little and might have ellablilhul the Commeree of the Poitu-

I'urtories here. 'I'he Capital is of the fame Name, and has giieze to the blxclulion of all other Europion Nations was,

.,11 Harl-.uur .iboiit a Siune's Throw from the Shore, diy at liis giving Notice a little belore his L)ep.;ttuie, that at

l.oww.uir, and dcfeiiJcd by a Chain of narrow Uoiks,
over which the I'idc iilis iVoia three to li.'c Foot. Ihe
iovii is very ihong by Natuie.

Moiir, MotiU or 'Ittiur, Iks between 7V(.''ir and Ma-

iliun. It was laid walte iKirin;^ the ir.tilline Wars -, but

the Dutrb built a Fort at the North lind of it, which en-

C'nii.i[;"d the Inhabitants t» return from Gilola, coiithiuiiig

lirni to the D!<uh\ the Sfai:i.:rds tluril: not attack, it. Ma-

di.in lies jiill under the Line South lioni Moiir. The

D-Jtiii tuuk It from the Srnniirh in 1609, and built three

jiitt^ here. It is leveii Leagues in Conipals, and has le-

va.1l little Towns I thj Inhabitants were then about N.!i'.'

iluitilaiul : It w.is rctkoned the truitluK.lt ot the Moluua.,

,md pni.iiued the belt Clnv;-s. The Inhabitants wer^: more

inJulbioiis than their Nei-l:bours. Bad'niu, the lall of

the I'roper Moluccas lies S!)atli from Macbian, and was a

KiiigJoiii. The Country is lar^c and ilellrt -, it almuiu's

wall i^aj;u. Fruits Filh, and man' ;hcr Sorts ol IV.jvi-

lions. It wa'i lornurly v.ry [xjt.nt, ami ha.i the bell

Clovrs in the Molucca, but was ruined by tiie Idleiu la of

tiic Inhabitants. They ha',', m Alli.ince with the rorlu-

■<ulz; a-.i Spaniar.is, who planted (iarrilc)iis there, but

me di'.'iiull'eirtd by the Dutch m 1610, who built other

l'ais,a:vl obtained a Liberty tu trade without paying Cuf-

tuiii. 'I'he llle of Labova liis ll) near it, that they Ire-

luch a 'i iine ht: mean: to fail, and that if any Body had
Demands upon him, or atiy who belonged to him, they
might, beicire that Time, apply and receive Satisfac-
tion.

This, it fcems, was a Tiling new to the Cl'incfe^ but
w hal lb agreeable, as they made him the highell Piotcf-
tatioiis of i'liendlhip, and allured him that they would
willingly tiad(.- with nis N.ition, in : lopes of meeting with
the like juil Lil.ige : But this lair I'rtilnect did not eunti-
luie lung-, anJ, as tliis was the lirll, it hud alfo very near
provid the lall \'oyage of the Puriu^uczc hither. The
Captains of the Ships that were left at anchor at the Mo.ith
ot tiie llivi r, were the Occafion of this, for they landed
and fell into Trade with the Natives \ but prefuming on
thi ir l^ower in the Indies, they began to treat the Chinefs
in the f»me manner they had dune other People; that is to
lay, they landed feveral I'ieccs of Cannon, and then took
what Goods they p.lealeJ, and at what Kates they thought
litjcommittinf^nianyotiierlnfolences, llichasravilhingWo-
men, and tradmtij with I'iratcs lor luch Ferfbnsas they had
taken I'nluners, of whom the Pa-ttiguize made Slaves.
'I'he \'iceroy of the I'lovince quickly alfembled a great
n.ival Force, with which he furrounded the Portiif^tiezi
Stjuadroii, and had iiilallibly taken every Ship, if a Storm
had not rifeii, which fcatteicd the Cbiucfe Fleet, and gave
them an Opportunity of returning tu Malacca with more
Profit than i^olluur. As lor the Emball'ador, Thomas Pc-

qucntly go by the fame Name, though each had their par-

t'lcul.ir King. The latter is very pleafant, and abounds in ,,,..,

Cloves The Inhabitants rebelled ag.iinll the Duui; but rera, he, though perf..ftly innocent, proved the \ idim ot

wre forced to fubmit, and have been lince kept in Awe his Coimtrymens bail Behaviour •, lor the Cbmcji Court

bv Fort Barnevdt having leceiveii Advice of what had pafled before Ins Ar-

'The Uland of Bcuro was formerly fubjeft to the Kin!? rival, not only reiiileil him Audience, but lent him back

to Canton in Chains, where he was put into the common
Prifon with the lowell and vdefl Criminals, and there
fpcnt his miferai le Life lor llveral Years j till, at length,
worn out with Ilardlhips, he expired in fuch wretched
Circumtlances, that he did not leave wherewith to bury

him •.

It was many Years before the Cbinefe would fulTer the
Portu^ucze to have any Trade with them at all ; but, at
lall, permitted them to fend annually fome Ships to the
Illaiid of Sancban, where they were allowed to ereft
Tents on Shore, for a very fmall Space of lime, in which
tlay difpoled of their Merchandize. iVt length, in the
B.s^inning of the lixteenth Century, a favourable Oppor-
tuimy offered, not only of relloring their Commerce, but
of procuring an ]• liablilbment in China, which is what no
other Nation ever had to boaft. The Thing fell out thus ;
A certain I'irate, whole Name WAS'Tcban^Ji Ixio, commit-
ted prodigious Ravages upon the Coalls, and having at lall
aaiuircd a great Force, he inade hinifelf Malle i^f the
little Illand of Macao, and from thence not only blocked
up the Port of Canton, but proceeded lo tar as to beiiege
the City. 'I'he M.mdarincs, in this Dillrcfs, had Kecourfe
to the Portuguezc, whole Ships werr. then at the Illand of

.::.cW z, ,„', wlHcl,n,e«.Uut.i;c.,.ul,lKkKeva,u.....ulnu,„llreJ< ""^ ^'''' f^? W "'T . ■• u r irn. he i» able-, to cover x,d da'-

• iLhmou /'.„«,«,.,lliilorur,.y./.«a'. /;.,,■,«, tl.m.!;!.. cu.crwilc. .very V^' ^l ,;; , ' Ucfa " It ov.d. u.tuou. doul.t, of ..-.finite

!,.fc tin, l--.,:l ; lu,i „.lu-r VS ..:.t . cvca ..f tirit N..l.,.,i. to.l.K ,. ingcuouly ...'d 'P^;^,"' '/'^''/j' ,;,,,', "\,o, dear., tiv.tt tiiey re.cr «,>-

...it,:-.:v .,t:d .iHlin.iMg -IVmi'c', and ul Uic aatuiai bLlya.a. ot the Nm.vu ol that lynr"*-

ol lernat: ; it is nor very confulerable 1 but wiiile in
tlic Hinds ol the Portti^Hcze, w.is more confiderable than
1: is at prefent. But the Illind they chielly depended up-
(la was that of Timor, which is much larger than the other
iji t!ie lame Name betorc-mentioneil, and was extremely
Iriutliil, lb that it fupphed moll of the Moluccas wih Pro-
••iliwij. Well from theme lies the Illand of Solor,^ in
..!•,;.:•, was a lliong l''ortrels, wherein the PutuxuiZ'f Gar-
r;Km held out a Siege of two Months againll the Dutch
fleet and Army •, and, when they Ibrremler^d, marched
cut near one thouland Urong. There are many other
1 jnds, which are commonly, lino: the Dtt/t/.' Conquefl,
1 .;«: the Moluccai, beaiuie they make that Word fyno-
liimoiis with the Sr.ice-lll.indsi whereas the Mclitccas,
liDttly Ipea'an,., are 'no more than the live lllands lirll de-
icibei!. It was with the Spices they protluced, that the
l-ir'.uraczi trailed throughout the whole Fxtent of the /«-
■'i J ; di.it IS to fay, from China to the Coalls of ^'li.Kypt ''■
!(/. The Viceroy l^pcz Suarcz, Succelfor to die ta-
(:■':■ Dc.n y^;^i).yi d\i:l'uqiurf.ie, was the firll who
f'l'aiidit ot ellabhllung a Commerce with China ; and in
-a \.x\- I. -I 7, lent f.ir that l'uri>ofe Ferdinand Andrada,
*'.i'.h a .Stju.alron of eiglu Ships, laden with Meichandize,

'i',

u ;

Bl!- : Jl'

11,1'' 'l:'M

I il

■■ f

.1'

Eif.!

1; ;'Hi

k'V «■ \\:lk

,.(riin'«ilf:miri,:,,.Hi

68o

Ihe HIStORT of the

Pook

:; ■;m.

m ■'%

I ■;

:1:M

1 ] {,

^andtn, Tlicy rculily offrrril tlum tlifir AfTirtancr, atii!
not only Imccd 'l.langfi Lio to laiir the Sic'^v, but |nir-
liicil him to Mic.i:, and thirt killai him.

The Victioy hAvinp; m.nic .1 Liitlitiil Report to tli.: Mm-
jHior of thi^ fxtraoniinary l'it(r ot Service, that I'rinir,
out of jull Gr.itituite, iniMilliiil an V:A\(\, hy wlm h he
prantcd the Vcriu^uczt this little Iflaml, with the Power
ot making a Sottkmrnt tjiere, which they joyhilly accept-
cil. aivl luiilt a (;(XKi I'own, which th;-y fortitic^l after the
Furoptan Manner, anJ liirnilliei! it with ticar two hiindretl
I'ltces of Cannon. One would imagine, that thit might
excite the Jealvuily of the Ciiftrf:, who ate iuHly edcem-
ed the moll liilpicioin IVopl.' n t!ic WiirKI j but they
have provided U etVectually lor their own Stiurity, tli.U
all the l-'oice of the Pcrtu^uez: \<< entirely at thrir Devo-
tion, bccaufe they have not a Pay's I'lovilion Init what
tlity received trom the Ci-inf/i', and are lii furroimdevi by
their Forces (hat it is in'i-olliMe for them to unJ.ertake
ar.y thing to tli-- I'rri'.i.laeol ilirir I'mpire. 'I'lu I'olVedion
ot this I'lacr has been, notwithlla ".din<x, extreamly beneii-
rial to the Putu^utzf -, for, from theiue, tluy carrie»l on
for many Ycais .1 moll bcnclkial Commerce witli Japan,
bv whicii M.uti became one of tliC richctl and molf con-
fiderahle I'Vicrs in the W/V', anil many of the Nobility
ot I'crtiif^!, who \uA en;oyeil vcr,- hij;!i C);iices, chcife, at
tlic I'.xjiration of them, to fettle lure, whiic they lived
in peat .Splfniior, and at tl;e fame Time acquired vail
l-'.rtates by IVaile '.

We fliall hereafter hive oecaf'on fo give f >mc Account
of the Cat its wimh brm;",!it on the trial I'lohiliition ol
their Tra.k- With Jafm-, Ir.it at prtfert, we lluii confine
(I'.irfjves to v.hit rcia;,< to the City of A/cc.'e. In the
Y-ar i6;o, i!'.-' I'cr:i>^»fze lipt t i :n the-c- two large
Ships laden wit' Mrrcliar.dizc, \vh:<h <anv' to an Aiiihor
in the R> j,l ot A.-jf.'S^Jff; ; inm'.eJiattly on which it was
ii'iiilieii in I-'orm to tli::. Coir.miA'ire, or, as the Foriu
^•,«zf llile him, th' Capta;:i Maior Don t'tij'iO l'ji;ltiiii\il
miyij, that t' t I.mp'. ror ot J.iprii, by his bdu't, had to-
tally prolu'iiiid all Commfne with ihf I'criui^uce, and
that ti>r thtl. Rcafons : I'irit, becaoli-, notwithltandin^
the fcvctal Cautions j',iven then\ they had liill continued
tu bring over MifTionaries into hi^ C'nmtry. Secondly, for
that they had fojipiied thole that were already there, with
Provifions and other NecelVarirs ; and Thirdly, becaule
there were lull Reafons to fulJKct, that they h.id fomc
Knowledge ot, and fomc Concern in the late Relx llion ol
the Chritliat.s in .-frimj. 1 hey had alio a Copy ot the
I'.mi'crorN Kdid given them, which they were directed
to make jHiblw k at Af/r.-ao, a-.d to inform the Inhabitant',
of that City, thar thcfc wen. the lalt Ships that thould
ever be p-rmnttd in anchor m ary Port of Japan^ ot
whii!) tl;! y ".ere r-i take N>irke, ami to remain aflurei),
that if ever they tame thither a^',ain, they (liouKI undoiibt-
eiily Ix- treated as l-.nemie5, and put to IX-ath without
M rty.

C)ii tlieir Refiirn to .l.'ijr<??, and making Report of thcf.-
Facts the whole City was Itrii. k with Cnnllemaiion, be-
irg latistiei', that the Deftruition ot thii Trade wuul.l
prove the Ruin ot their City , to prevent whiih, they rc-
Llved to make one great I-.'fort, and fo fend a folemii
AmbalTy to j'.iH.fy their Condud, and if ixjllible, eiigigc
the Kmiieror to retail this Fxiicf, or at le»ll to quality it
(0, as that th<y might on certain Terms have Ixavc to
fend fome .Ships thither. Thr Difrieuiiy was to find any
who would charge themfelves with to dangerous a Coin-

miirion-, Inu at lad th.- following Perf i',» olTereH nf
own Accotd, to run tiie I la/.ird, t,-, po,, jr^..^ '
l\ub(CQ, who hail IWved viih 1 1 ir ;.; Conir'i
the Armies in the huts, md w. n wa* rcw Kvc-.y'^'
Ye.irs ot Ag' V Don « wr.c S.i.-.i'tz ./,• i^rcMi]
licaz.ihx M^ni,mt) J,- Cat .ilho, ;,ii(l !)„„ 5,,,.,., /
I'ttrui ; all Men ol Dilli .!i, .p, and who wcte mw}
iKJtliing but the Difire ol jufjlyinn th.ir N,itk,n, .,„a'
deling .Service to their Cm 'try. On the nilirf'
i<UO, the Ship that canird th:te AniKiiri,!,„s arrmi'
the Road «it ^,lf^,l^,>J„•, and l( nt an Ac^ni:.: to tlic
pi'uj.- (Jovernors ot ihc Nafne ol the Ci)inn-,ili'.on \
which they were iniru;ted. J h-ir Ship w.13 inimrju
hi/.ed, and the Amb.iiPadois, and all v.h:; W\w.ni
them, except ei.?ht NVi^roe Seamen, wrre impnlonfi
the I, land ot hi>it', till tin- iMiipaoi's I'IluIik- Ihouj,
known. On the return of tlu- 1 oiirier f ".t to Uurt 1
thr New ot their .\rrival, t! ey w> re lent tor b Jure
M.igidrates w|.,. treated them a<; Cra;.,nals i-'emm
ot them, what it v^.is tiiat could ini'im- than, attt
lair Warning as waj giv. n ih. m the Y.ar bclot,., to
turn ihithtr, in direct Breach of the liinixrcr's l..
They pleaded, that they wuc not at all witlrn tl;;' M
iiig ot th.u Law, becaiik- th;- Finpror fuibid tl;r.l'v
Attempt to tr.uie, winch was lu t tluir liiifincis, ha
no Commi-xhties of any tort on llo.ird tiuir Shin,
c(<ming thither with the Characters ot Aml)nl^a,'(;^^, w
had been always crteemrd facreil. The Mj7;l'r.if.s
them, that this would not llive their 'i'nrns, bu :ajt
h,. I ir.currcil the Penalty of the I iiet ; ujion *l,ich
Wire inl^antly iKjund and londuiud ba.l; to I'uiin.

'1 lie ntxt Day, the Amrvuladors, and all ihur .Ai
dants,totlie NumlH-rrjt icveiuy-li ur, P'i!:i!;ii;zf,SpM::
Ci:'i.-jr, Cti»t:rin<,, in<.\ Imii.'H.', w.rra;-,ain larrieJlrton
Ma;';llratis who then told rlitin, it was hh In';|Hrul
jelly's Plealurc tdey lliould .ill liiltcr Uiath, txcqt i
t(t:i-, whic'i S.-ntei;ie w.i» (xcciif d the (ami: \:\tn.
whieh was tae j jth of /%ir//. I h? next Muiniig be
it was light, the Goveii or lent tor the thirteen mat I
Iparcd, and ha\ ing alked them wh'ther tia'y l;.il
their ship burnt, inquired ol them, \^hcthcr thiyw
taithf illy .epoit at A/.iiue, wlat tluy wire con;nui
by ife Kinperur to lay to tir.in on h:s Bel alt. Bvint
iwered in the Aiiirmative, t ay piocceilcd ihu'-, "
" arc then to iin nin your I ellMW-Cti/i-ns, that hero
" wards thi Sub|i.:ts ot yj/'.mwill not receive either
" ney, Meuiiandue, or PiClcnf, honiihmi any r
" You lee we have bunit l.'ic very Cloaths of thdlc
" were extiuted Ytllirday. Let your I'cople ule
" ours that l.ill into their ilatvis in tlie liitne Manner
" conlert to it, and deliie that )»ni wouhl think il
" more ttun if there wire ni)t fucli a Nation as t
" />««<■ V in t!ic WuilJ. 1 hi Is wiu: we liavc
" t ) )\.u. "

'I'Uey thin condi;(;tcd thefe Mariners to the I'.'ai
the lit. ids ot thole who were iv.uiderid the Uay
were lixed upo:i Poles 1:1 thiie Rows; the tuiir Imt
dors firlt, the Lurcpccm n.xt, ai-d the .Siranyers jail
'I hey liktwil;- lluwai them .1 gri.it lion Ihd!, in
tluy told tliein vs-irc t!ie B;a;usoI t.V.- I'eriiirs c
and obhg'-d them to riad a long Iiilinirion, lettinc;
who they were, on what Account, and by whole
they Wire put to IXatli ; which IiilciiptwH iiuled with
Wor;ls : '• .Ml this is let lortli as a Mniiorul ut w
anil as an Advertilement lor the Time to

pad,

• r >uve ttVm j!l l.'.c C«rf I roiiM m dilcovfr whether ihn Ninon hjJ ever »ii) oiher Serilrmfnl in Cma thin ihi. .iI Mjou, bu! ioi
p>o(e. except ihn Kit) uiitii Un li.iiie I iine is oiiirr Natioi.i did, »i (,..•'.», .miJ at Ai"^ i'l, wlnui i> s vii) cc)midet.ib!r Ton mi llit I'rov
hh<-Kiaiit, ai.d llie Brll ihiu whiili i 'ijjt! \ rfltli were jiiuiitled. Uut 4 l.iic U tiicf, oiiC C .ip:am .1/r\an.-'rr /.',;»!../. '1, IptiMn;-, ol ihf
**I.k!, ^e I .lU I ,mfi,.,, ii.lltij of / ■i.m,-,, by whiiti I find ii mcnticmcd l>» olt.et /■»';../■» W riter-, givr-. uj the tollwirg Siorv, *kcn I
tj be fuc, and vkhKh li.cielofr I O.i.l itUie'iii hr. o..n Wordi , •• l.'err ihi f'.'!k uizi «itc (Mice \\i\ Ifitled, nrd iuJ .1 nuiiiciou» Colony
" i»e Ch fti'r were Mallen of their o„n Couniri , and the ftritfiint ol the sen. It i^ icp-rtcd, ihjt ti«y lud .ilwe 01 c tinJiwl /'■ V
" miliei fcitled m Limf4a, and »tie (:',veri«rd b> theit own l_;vi,'i. I heir ) radc through ei/i.i jial "Jufnr, wi.iUi ll.i) c.iirt 1 m ^■r: "';
•' .iia aid C ^t, irir.oc ll.ilu prodi;.;iuiiiiv nth, ul.iLh brought lluin into l.u.ui)' :ii J iJcluuiheiy, ^-r-.J .it lall w.n :!.c Ciiuir ol llifii l-j;''-'
" I ,m^a. 't!:C> begin 10 lie r.oto.iou-, jtivilhcn u\ \\ omen. I hrv ,iould g.> in! ) the Wouutry \ illige' , .ii.d CJrry eft youi g \ rg :- ^} ■

.n ;;ic Wut.J

I^(X)kI. ■ Chap. ir. ^ortuguczc Empire w de KaiUndici..

d^hn], nf |l; ,

l^t''! L:-:is />„■ J

•i I onu-jiJcr (.1
i'(w t'iV(T,rv(i|.i,

ymSiinin I ,:2 ,,,
' WTf moved ly
N.itii)n, and rci-
'•"•■ 'iili rf y.M
liiiiots urnviil i;
•'■'W't to tlic 7).
t'liiiin-.iiiidn w;::,
> V..;", iiiimcjijt;,,
*'■!") Ixliirpcd I'j

I'liilurfihouMU;

I "t to t'o'jrt Willi

lint tor I- ; tore the

-■"•lis licmandi:-

' -■ 'ii"in, attir h

•ir biliiic, to tr-

l'iii|xTcr'i, hi;ct.

I wittiMi tl;f Mai.

forbid tl'.T.byr.y

lii:!iiids, hivifj;

tiuir S,'ii|i, U

kir.Uiira.'on, w.ii

he Ma2;l'r.u« i'.:

urns, but that tiv.v

i \\\x,n uliidi I. ..

to I'rilm.
iivl all tluir A[;.r-

.lii) larru'JU'torc:.,!
as hii In'ixruiMi.
Diath, l\^■t\^ '.[•..:■
tlif (jnii.' l-.vcni.:,-,
'.txt Muiiiir,gbci(fi
ic- thirteen tnat «.••:
■th<T ti.iy li.i.l lea
whether thcywaji
y w.ic ccnmuiwrj
s Be! Alt'. Bung as.
:ei!cil thiKi " Vc-.
lii-ns, that her.ccb
it receive either Mj-
i):ii thtni any n::r::
loaths of thc.l'e »iw
.if IVople ulearyc:
le liitne Manner, »-
<oulil think 1.1 U) :o
a Nation is the /-■■
iia: we have tu ://

s to the Place vb"
xm\ the Day !<; "
, ; tlie four Kml'jri-
• Siranye rs hi\ ol iJ.
ion Cht/!, in »h.-
.v.- I'erlbns exfii::..,
riinon, letting Mu
and by whole 0:Jfr
ii'.oniniledwiththt:;
lenuniajuf wluih.:
r the Tiinc to cun. .

at Mjtm, but lonoPi:-
:c I'ort in lilt I'rotiKt .■
//, Ipcakin;-, of ifcn ''■-"■
;^ Mory, »lncti Ibcr'
1 nuiiicromioiWi K ■
cu-.'iJiuil'-/ '<"■"' ■
ciii^cl inS..if;...ii-^ ■
fc- 01 llifu tii^a-'"'
oui g \ •■'%'■•■' k ^ ■'■'■ ■
3:ii[uin;) luJ i/«r.i" ■
.»(tdltA,ll 01 "1"! ^Y'

nu, auliitivji >:('•]- •
ui C.ff 11.1^.1 U - ■
10 tlifif>.ti ■'...'' ■■■■■■ '
Itiit Cuiuir, .. Kit I

'• 1!.

68t

i' IK-nCfforward, fo long as the Sun (lull fliinc upot^ the
•' larth, let not any Cliritlian be lo Imrdy as to fit his
«' r(X)t in Jtipan ; and lie it known to all tlic World, tliat if
•' Kinp I'hU'P in Pfribn, the Cj<xi of the L'hfiftians, or the
•' great Xitca, one of the firft Deities ui 'Jfapan, (hall pre-
•' liinic to break this Ordnance, he fliall pay for it with his
" I had." 'Ihey then gave thcfc poor People an «)ld
Shij) to tcturn in to Miicne, which thry (hole, rather than
tu be put on Hoard any of the five Dutih Ships that were
then on the Coaft, arid olTercd to fct tlitni fate on Shore in
that i'oii «■
Ji) the Year 1641, 8' ived at Mntno from F.urope Don

/in'.onio Ihriyra, with die News ot the Revolution in I'nr- _ _ _

/a^.i/, ami ilut Don y/M«, Dukr of /<rrtirrf«<-a, had mounted Settlements there. Hut this Account' affords

the l hront', and afTumcd the Title ol 'Jo/jn iht lourib, to ro conjeaurr* that before the Pemeunt pcnei

whole Obedience they readily returned, and as a Mark of their

lAjyaity, prefented him with two hundred Urals Cannon,

ar.l a vail Quantity of Ammunition. This Monarch, in

till Year ib^b, thought fit to make another Attempt in

favour ol the C ity of Macao, and fciit Don Ganzalo St-

Tut)ra as his limhaflador to tlic L'.inpcror of Japan, to

inform him, that Portugal ro longer continued fubjcdt to

the L'rown of Spain, which as it was the principal Occalion

cf the Nation's being prohibited all L'ommcrcc with the

"Jeior.efc, he hoped that a gooti Intelligepre would now be

rcltored lietwcen the Citizens of Miicno and the Suhjeds of

his Imperil Majclly, The Kmballador was very civilly

Voyt,-»(«s thither afte rw«rds, and did not think tlirm fo M-
picable ns they are now rlfeemed » but on the contrary,
drew from thenre thing') of great Value ; and the Realbn
I have mrntlonc<l them" here i", th.it I might have .in Op-
iwrtuniiyof acniiainting the Reader, that when this Nation
firll fettled in the Moluccat, they were informed by the Fn-"
habitants, that from thcic little Illands they were wont to
receive (onndcrablc Sums in Silver, and the very fineH
Kmeraids they had in Exchange for Spices.

The Pertugurzt were in iioprs of finding, according tO
thi« Information, Mines of Silver and precious Stoncr
amongrt them j hut on the clofeft Search, could meet with
neither, whit h was tiie true Rcafon they never made any
"-"'-njents there. Hut this Account affords us room
njedurr, that before the Portugutzi penetrated thus
far into tlie l''.art, there had been fome Commerce between
tliefe I'eopic and the Amtricans, from whom they might
rereive both Silver and Kmeralds. This is a Point that
delerves mature Conlidcration, becaufe, if there be any
Truth in this Conjeftiiie, it will give fome Light into the
Means of peopling //mrr/Va, which hitherto has perplex' d
the ablcll Kntjiiirers into fuch Subjefts. I: is true, that at
firft Sipiit there fcems to be no great Authority for this
Conjeiilure, fincc it is founded on the Report of the Inha-

bitants of the Moluccas, who were, according to the belb
Accounts we have of thrmi a rude and barbarous People.
Yet let them be ever fo rude and barbarous, they could not

received, and an Lxprefs fent to Court with ths New:; of he millaken as to a Matter of Faft \ they had Emeralds

his Arrival. About a Month afterwards a Courier arrived
with the Emperor's Anfwer, which was to this V.9s\t\ \ That
his Requell could not be granted, but that he and all that
belonged to him had free Liberty to depart.

In tlvj Year 16S5, another favourable Opportunity
filTcrcd, which the Porlugucze, with great Alacrity, em-
braced : A Japonffe Veflel being driven by a Storm from
their own Ccill, was forced to take Shelter in the Port cf
Micdo, wliere thofe who were on Board it met with a very

amongft them, and as their Country did not produce thcm^
they mud know from whence they had themj .ind fincc
this could !» learned no other way but from thele People,
there feems to be no Keafon why we ftould not accept of
their Account.

1 he Conjedure, however, does not reft upon this alone,
but upon another Fad, which cannot be difputed 1 and it
is this, tliot there are no F.meralds to be found in any of
the Countries in the Eaft-lnditSu and yet they weie fo com-

kmd Reception, and having been entertained at the publicK mon there, when the Porluguczt came firll into thofe Part.i,

Kxpcnce, till they were recovered from the I larddiips they that they brought confiderable Qiiantities into Europe, from

met with at Sea, and were then put on Board one of whence grew the Dillindlion of Oriental and Occidental

the bcft VefTelj belonging to the Port of Macao, and lent Kmeralds t whereas in Truth there never were any that

back to their own Country. On their coming to an An- coulil be (Iridly and properly called Oriental, becaufe, as I

chor 111 the Road of Nc.ngazaqtti, and feniling the "Jnponcfi obl'erve, they arc not the natural Produce of any Country

on Shore, they received a Melfage from the M.tgillratcs, in the I'lall; and yet in .mother Senfe they might be very

imp rting, that they were obliged to them for this kind well fo called, becaufe they came firif- to us from the Eaft.

and generous Return, but that for the future they wouki I cannot help adding to this Obfcrv.ition another, which is,

vlvife tlicm not to give thenilelves the I'roubie of fending that there is fome Realbn to doubt, whether the Inhabiunts

home any liiorc of their People, fincc it would not anfwer of the l^droHt Ifiands were always fo rude and barbarous

their I'.iids. Since that Time the City oi Macao has declined .is the Portuguizt ,nnd Spaniards found them ; and my Rea-

vrry im;rb, and tho' it is at prefenc in a better Condition fon for advancing this is, becaufe 1 iipd the belt Portugueze

iliaii it has lKcn» yet it is f.v from king lb confulerabie .11 Writers agree, that the Chinefe had been Maffcrs of the

m the f:. . \a unttiiy, as we- h.ive already Ihewn tlis Moluccas, and very probably of thefe Ifiands alfoj as they

Uiatiei- ill anoiiier Place. But that it may pollibiy make a certainly were of fome of the Philippines ; and if fo, then

I ' r i,gun' than it iloes, we lli.ill hcreatttr render pro- very probably they were more civilized, while under their

! ;: '■■, when we come to I'peak of the prelcnt State ol the Dominion, and grew rude and barbarous, by their being

/■-r./i^^'ttcz* Dominions i:i this Fart of the World. deferted by them, and left to themfelves '.

1 7" In the Year 1 <; 2 1 , Mvgelian dilcovered the Ladrone This will appear IHII the more probable, if we confider

Funds, near tliof ; winch he called the Jrcbipelago of Saint on the one hand what the Chinefe Writers tell us of their

Uzarus, becaufe he difeovered them on the Featt of that limpcrors conthifting their Dominions from Maxims of

.Siint. The Por/iigiuze airo,",.ate to thcmfclvis this Dif- Policy; and on the other, whiit appears Very clear to us

covery, becaufe he w,r their Ccuiitryman, though in the from what wc know with Certainty of their Hiftorvj which

ServKc of the Ciiiwii ot Spr.in ; ami on the other haml, the is, that their I'.mpire had been lubverted by the forto/s.

Spaniards ehallei.ged the" Dilrovcry of the Moluccas, be-
caulc Mi'gelidH went to tliein from /lir.erica in their Ser-
vice ; but without doubt this Title was wrong placed, fince,
ai we have fliewn, the /Vr/a'^'-'" hil diicoveivd them long
b(.i".;rc. It cannot indeed be .•urirmed, on any good An-
thonry, that the Pcr:w;^uc.'.c had L)efore tliis time vilited the
Ladrone Iflands -, but it is very certain, they m.ide fcveral

and conleqiicntly their G'lcoiiomy totally difturbed before
the Portugueze came into the Indies at all. What I woiikl
conclude from hence is, that pofTibly we may be miffakcn
in otir Notions of thcfe Countries, and that therefore ic
may be worth while to enquire more narrowly into this
Matter, which may polfibly lead us to fome kind of Evi-
dence of an Intcrcourfe between tlic Eajl and JP'eft-h. .«,

« It fctmt n little extr.^orain!1^^■. that tl«: F-nircror of J»piin fliouW treot thefe Pforle with fo much Severity, when it appears froin this very Ac-
t^iinl. that lu^icc is .u rrcuhilyiKlmiiullcrca in his IXiminiom as in any \mi ol tlic World 1 but in all human probability, he was inducea to uie
tlicm ii ; ■'manner bv the Rei..elo>tations of the l)»i<l,, at lo the Power of the Kinp of Sfain, and hit Intentions ol rtducinR bath the M,».

" I hr, ! . it. lh.,t no fuch thiL :» a true a.id l^rh<\ Umerald it to he fouml in any <,f the Countrie. on the Continent, or m any of the l^^l^ oi t^*
r.^H-Mh,, „ n,..inti.inrcl by the fimoin M. 'U-vnmn, than whont I think « belter /\iiihorily Cannot be produced. He was "'f'if'T'Llv ",1
ftilW ,„ Jrv.c:. as any Man ol h., I ime. .i.kI had .ravelled more in the J.Mn than nimoll any other Writer, lo that to .""'^f'' ^'''^"^^^^^^
t'.'< Ht.,d, i.. to reWi the lH.-a IsviJince th,it can be producd. in order to eontlude. without any Kv.deiice at all. thatthe fhmg ,s o<-}^"*^-^ « >"» "^^
»<i ..i,!ced it ha. been laid, that to lupport th.stJpinion. we oiij-ht to Ihrw. that there hat l)eei, luch » «-'«'"'«'«J''t. ("BX'J^'f S^
ferrncc iHtivccn proving a thinR. and rtiideriiig it probable i und yet iii ttie next Chapter, fonicthing laithcr Ihall be laid in Ueftuce ot thu upmion,
whicli v,i!l approach very near a I'lOuf.

Ni-

.'■! It. 46.

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before!

Ill

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sWk

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ill

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ii.'-:

m m

6Si

7hc // / 6 r O A' r of the

BiKjk I.

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Concern for tlir I.iitli, finrc In- made anrritanilv
.ir.nnillury Delay, iii Iciuiins «''<: I'mlU ilwt wtn dJ

l)n the other h.iml, the Quern ..f .Uin liein,- a f.i,i
OU-, Shbammclxu no loincr ncc-ive.l .,n Atcuuni .;( i ,,.
Dilixiiiium in the IVople <it ilir ||Un,l of VMt^ tha.,n
imnu-iiiatcly .iiliuirhcil a Veild full ot IXx'tJ,, ,,1 ,,':
Law, who, in a lliott rime, .HubliftieJ their Uil,,.,,,,, ,"
ledtiuiiy aniun^ the Inhahitants. Sunu' liiv ■ ^^,^ '
iheChnliian I'riells. ami iiivu|'JkJ hitter.y aj,a;rll t
1.1W iA M'kimwfd, iM to riururiictc •, tin- I'.oulc ol CV/,.
*rj h.ui m-ilc their I hoice, an.l tlirre was no poinbimy oi
l)rini;in(; them to alter it. Ot,; of ih;' Kinw ot 'tin
lllanil*, mcieeJ, who hail lictorc tiiit>r.icea C hnllianitv
|xr!illeil III the Faith, ami mod of his Subie^, wire nm
vertta to It ; l)ut llili. the Bu!l; of tlie I'tople ot O'X
conti-Hieil AM-amm.J.ir, aiivl are fo to this Day, 4[,j,|,;
fXreitect Zeal.iti for tiieir KeliKion of anv iii tl,.- M,,',
I f.;s v.. ',P-nt the cre.it.-O trn.ts in h/iVy th« iVtrtli'
lir.uxufsu .'oti,:iiitt<-.: J I. r il -II the InhabitmtM,! tlu
lO^nA iiaJ l?r r ma^le, as they very eafily n-:ii',ht have been
/..a' .i::. Liirntuns, the Dmub h.ul never Utaiiie fyaui*
hife in the In.lin a« they row are.

Hut this DitTerenrc in HcIiriom i!kI not hinHer ihm
triM'i hving n very ^^oikI IVrms with the /'tr.-.y^j,,-., >v,^,
ellibliil-.! .! l>cttcr Iratie h'-rr ih^n m any yt'itr'l'ji
ot t!.v Imiif) ; for, fimtinf, ti w ritli C'omiTio,iitic$, ..,i
lu) ( ti)i>crtu:;ity of cncnuihiiR on tlic J.krties ii :,i
Natu.n, »^ty were j-lai! to treat th'.'iii as a lire 'V tip..- hii
the .Siti,it:OM of the Country heiiif^ extrciTK y happy fi
th.it I'urjx.re, fi.a.lc it V(ry loon the Centre ol Cuniiurki
Iii'' !;i' at llliiKi of Bar/tec, alHJuiuti;i(; in duld, D.imo j'
I'rpper. and other rich Commodities, lay but oi.e Uiv
S.iil lioin them ; .im/cy»a and the .SpRe-lllamls, nutabuv
three or lovir i the Kingdoms of Siam, Cumkya, Odn
(bina, and fa.pm, the Kiiipirc of G>ina, and tlir /'»,;/;
pite lilaiuis, none of thein aliove tluec hundred Ui'^".
We iietd not womhr, tiienfore, that the Port ofyiwiti
iLw, the \k{\ in that I'art of the Woild, lliould h alwij
lull of Sjiips, and tlie f^reat Towns on the Coa'.l K-cwr
I'laecs of great Trade, when it was fo much the hiierc
ot the Portugurze to promote it. Tlie i'eople thfmf..'vi
were very caualile of managing it, fx-inj; very indullnoi;
and as well tkilied in Navigation as any ot tlier N'l-i"!
Ivjuiv, am) though they had not any very ridi Comnn/!
tie?, exeept GoL), and that in no i;reat (jiunt:ties, yet tin
had wiierew.thal to purchale thole ot the greaf.lt V'ali;
fince ilie Rice ot this Country is ell.emed the Ull iiit!
Indus, as their Cotton is held the fiiicll ; with iliole ihi
tradeil to t!ie Mc.'uccas, and from tlienec brought liich vj
Quantities ot Spices, tlut tiuy drove a v^iy conliilcral
Trade in them with the l-.urcptam.

1 he Keal'on that this Illaiid is (bmetinies ca!led Ct'ii^
and at otlitrs ,\/iJi(J//i;r is, Ix-caulc the former wl,i,.:i 1,
in the North- wilt Part c( the llland, and the latter w.hi
takes up all the .South, were the prii)ci|ial Kingilums
the Idar.d, and el[x,xialiy t!ic latf, the Munarchsof v,!.!
were very p<jwcrlul, antt trcquently made thtrnfelveiM
ters of the Sell Part of t!iv whole llland. Their Subjri
are aliowtxi to be th.e holdctl and bravelf ot a!l Ir.ii
and are likesvije remarkable ti-r having a cur.lumn!;
Knowjrdpc in all Sorts ot Poilims, which are luim"
uam ot fo deaiily a Nature, t.hat the very 'iw..':,
Smell of them, arc inrtantly and infallibly niorta'. i
Men nuke ute ot them to tinge the Heail ut thtir.'
lows, nr rat.her Daitr,, wh: h they blow throui^h l.ol'i
I runk>, and that with lui.'i I-'orcc and Dextniiy, i!

' Ai tlii» F»fl II unu-. imoofiv re l.iieJ by tlit licft Aatliurj on chr. Subjeel, jl iiuy no; be jmif> to k\ it in the clcirtll Light of uliich it ii cipal
Tv.3 Y.ttAYr.-, *iubjt4l' ot tl.c Kii.g of ir,'^/, g'iir.,> over in the IlUnd ot I •■tat., iiv, t.'irre i!>c Ci cnioii c» ul llic ClitilLin Wi;ril.ip, ai./f.;iig
t.'.c Itiic.of inr c hutch ol .'.'.«■«. 1 hfy wtit cxlmiicy (..c<'nl »r,:i I'x Siirw, ..iid iicl:icJ llicrcl )ic to know uiurc ol llic Subiuiiit, wfi.c.') u-i^i
ihnii to »;ijil» CO ihr Ciovcr.ior, in order to be iiituriiica u lo ihc N'onotn tlie PtfnjfurT hjd of (joj, ilie Kcsfoiu why lliry »tre Cil.'rtl lU.llu
ir.J hew ti.cmttivr ir.lijht be miiJe Ui, He tciuliiy iliiCi-Hjr;c<l v> <i\ Uicm oii ihcic llcjdi, thty «tic ijuirkly c jiiviiiccd if the IVuihul w.;.lhelj
Mii 10 v.cic hty(./t.i I) ihc .Naiuri of jtnihrny nad Mj.iij^i , wjiiji, it (crini, the CioiTfiiDr itiJilc i.ti SciUj.lf ijI |ier(i«mitig wilh hi ouii Kj
there bemy;, ;ii iti.i! 1 iinc, no i'oejt in the SLIu.-tai It t eily |r> lonceive, tlut Ihiic Men, reiuiiuiig into tliCii <nni Country, ir. ght bc^Lt
Ihtw the folly uui AbiutiiiV ot their lOoUlry, without be;nj; op^bJe ol ilemi)r.llt.iiini>. ihe I'luth ii( the C hiilliAii I aith.

' f'lie jnticiii i'.eiigioa ot thii Country dc irio Co be UkCi. Notice ol, becdu e we ih.ill then es.Jeiitly fee that the I'eoplf ImJ gooJ Reilor. a
a> they i;;J I lie.r I'nfili xJni t.iein. i;i.it the lleavcr.i ucie etciual, iiid tlic .>>uii unJ Moon ■ (iikI ;iiid lioddcfi, from v.li"le tn.-laciitejll Iti
irotccd , i.'ut the> had oi.ct a i.ujiiel, and the Sun linking lie Moon, (lie thcir..|>.n milcuried ot thi> World i with ubuiulanieiif itorio olth;.
jiituit I lity i4u;;ht them lii^cwie ihc '1 riiuuii^riiioii ut Soulij and tlut it wj» u..l.wl'ul to kill any living Crrature tu ejt, e.Ktpt Munf-
B:tdi, bftiute lilt furinci »4» tixi ii.j!) , ii,.l the laiu-r loo .i;t:c f..r -iv Imiiui. .S ...I to dwell in. liui ihcy jJvilcd tliem I < liKilicf tl.n: t'a::l'

liefbre either were known to its ! v tlie PalV.M^rs now in ule.
Hut Kt m lor the prtlcnt retiii . to the Dil.overiei yt the

Portu^ktzt.

iS. In the Year I ii5. ^nlcn.o BriUo, and L.irciiu
Utnr.ifuez, Umnhi't troin the A/e/iiterfj, dihuvered the
great Maud of Cdfhi. Ihis .intonio H-i'U was the
veiy Perloii that h.id taken one ot Magt!l.ii\ Ships, and
put all tiie Petiple that were m Iter to IVath, whii h had
g.iined him the Repu'at."n of .1 liold and a'. mi Seaman •,
nor did he loi it by this l-.xpedition, fince he acuially dil-
covere.l wlnt he was tent l») look tor. Utiicr Portuguize
Writers fay, that he did not t;o himlcil, I'ut htted out
Ships for that Dileovery, and tint tii-y in tluir Kitutn to
the MciM>ai, law certain Ilia i! , w iie!i they eould not
rcatti, to which they ^avc the Name . I th'- Illamisof M't.
But wIk!. .inionio Ctiiivano was Governor ot iIm' Maluaui,
he tent over two ot the Natives, who were I .i; t:?.ed, into
tlut Country, who converted I'everal ot the I'liiv.es tliere-
ot trum Pag.iiiiim to Chrilhanity ', and cila' :,;iie.! ,t p.ood
Corretjwndence Utween thent and tlie InhabiUiifs cM the
Ponuiuize Icttled in the Muluaas.

nils Idand oi Cdthii imiivuled from Homo by the
Strtights ot Maiallar, and h>sat no priat Dill.mee li-un
the MalMdas. Atj<n'oLt tells us, the Nativts are '•• a
white Coiiiplexioii, and that they were t-'imefly nucli
given to Pira.y. Th.a Writer, and lome oth- r.*, yive
Ua an ixld ALtount of the antieiit 1-orin ot tioverrnient iti
this Countiy, m\<.\ winch |. ems to confirm wh.it I h,ivel\'-
fore luggclUd, that there ha<l been great Revolutions ui
thel'e Paits Uiore they were ditcoveied ly the iuroputiu.
What they l.iy on tin Subject, leihiced into a naiiow
Compal's, aiiiounti. to this \ that ihrt' were orn'inally le-
ven Kini;dom , or i'. ;,. pdities in this llland, tliePiinces
of wh;ih met loi^tther ...id rhole a Monaieh, who had a
limited P.^wercv-jr th^ w'ole pland, ami wiium, in rale
ot I'yiv.nny, ihty wha c'i..ted him ileixjfed. 1 his does
not lixik like Ku ieiuls . r Harbatity, 5>iit leenis to have
bc-n a v.iy u.onal i.ukI of I'' uy, inltiiutid tor th.- Like
of pnlerviiig tiie piace ot the iveral N.iiioi s inhabiting
that cm.iitiv. ainl pr.'verit.n;', thide W ais tlut iiiiitl other-
wile luvc kept luiui III I'jntu ual Coiiluluni, and into
which they a'.ti. Jiy reLipied, wh. n by lome Aiulenl or
other t'.is filuury lorm ol (joverninent tell into Dif-
ule.

The D.lcovery <.f lo connderabie a Country was looked
ufion, by the P.r:u_^k(Z/, as a Mainr ot gfat Conte-
quence and.Mealuiis wire taken to Iccute the All ei.t ions ot
thufc whom it was nut tou>''.d ealy to conquer , but, on
the ether hand, capable ot l>eiiig cA;lii<ed, or rendered
uleful, as their Allies, by gcx/d IJlage. I'he Pcopk- were
much biavcr, and wiiiul i,ad muili txtter Seiiie ilian moll
of the Indians -, and, thcreture, alter a little Co:-veifation
witii the Luropcam, they fx-gaii, iii ger.eral, to dilcrrn that
there was no .Vule or Meaning; in their own Religion \
and the tew <jt them wlio had been made Cludliaiis ly the
Care ol D -n .SnioHie GjiLimo, were not fo ihoroughiv in-
ilructtd tiiemlclvei as to be able to teach them a new
Paitii. '1 iic wl„jle People in general, however, diUlaimed
thiirolil Supcrltitions, and becanie lkii\s at cnie' j but,
not latl^!u•d with thi:>, they dcternuned to led, at the
lame time, to Ma'.iUca an.l t;j Jcbtn, to lielire torn the
one, Chriilian Priellsi and from tlie other, Doctors ot the
ALltimm:j,:n Ijw i rclolving to embrace their Rdigion i
llic Teachers ot winch came lull amonj; them, 'I'he Per-
tugutzt have hitherto been ell;eiii( d zealous enough tor
their Rilig.un , but it I'ccms tiiat Don Run Pofr.!, who
was then Govcinor of Maluica, was a htilc dcticient in his

li c Nun jri : ."vlu. 14 ; aii.J, it ihry lu.l .-.u .i ..i iiieir, ucy loi:ie'...;iC4 iiu..e tree w.:h tUcir ChilJitii.
gel rid o! tu(ha UiLgiuu, and ol I'uUt l'r«.' ce.

No wunJci, ihirt-loif, i.ut tJicy wc.-c^^i"

liookl. I Chap. ir.

Portiiguczc Empire />/ ihc Kaft-Ilulics.

683

ihry will hit a fmall Mark at thp Diftanrf of fourfcorc that t!ie one haJ a^ littlr of Humanity about tlKrn as the

Y.irils. I hc^r likfwifc dip chi- Points ot tli-ir Da^iren in oilirr, which however » far trom l)cinK true. 1 he Moirs

the lime |X)il'.)nou% l)ruji;s, aiul the very Scratch ot it, ci- are p;overneil liy Icvcr.il KinRs, the L'hiff of which arc

thir l).irt or DagK", kihs without Remedy ". [h- Wo- tliofc of M.wj.ir Maffcn, ot Suuadott, in one of whofe Ri-

men likiwilc nuke ufe of thele I'oifonj to gratify their vers there arc excellent Uiamomis tbunil j of Borneo, and

Ufvcnp.ci forastlu-y are generally allowed 10 iHTxtn am- otlui«, The [iefjufts have no Kings, but only Frinccs,

jycDiiHant thrmfclvcs. To they luve very (]uic' HeLnt-
mtnts in Cifes ot Infidelity, el'()ecially in regard to Euro-
feam, who frequently lohabit with them, and fomctimes
marry them.
As they were rather the Allies, than the Subjeds of

and other Chiefs. Thcfe that arc Suhiet'ls to the Kinft of
Matijar, or border upon him, pay a IiilHite \ but liich as
live farther up in the Country, and in I'laces inaccelTable
to the Moors, are ai)folutely independent, and live accord-
infi to their own Culloms. i'he Btajufa arc generally vc-

(he Poriuf,uczf, fo they were much more attac lied to that ry ijperllitioiis, hnnj^ much addided to Augury. They
Nation than any other Indians, and f;avc a very holpita- do not adore Idols, but their Sacrifices of Swlxt-woo<l ami

ble Kiieption to furh of them, as on the Dcdcnlion and
Kuin of their Colonics, fled thither for Prot-jtlion, whirli
w.is ime Realbn that the Dutih made liich a I'oiiit of re-
ducing the King of Miicajfar, which they did after a long
\V.ir in 1667, and prefcrilxd to him very hard Terms,
particularly thefe, that he (liouKl r.lcliver up to them the
llarb(jur vi'Jmpadan, as tcxj goo 1 for any Uit the Ditub
ti) l)e poireflk'd of; next he w.is obliged to turn all the
Vortu^ueze owl of his Dominions, which was the more rea-
fonahk, becaufe it was intended, that he Ihoukl never
traiie with them, or any other European for the future -,
and laft.y, he was to renounce all Commerce with the

iVrlumcs, are olfered to one only (iod, who they believe
rewards the Jull in Heaven, and puniflies the Wicked itj
I lell. 'I'hey marry but one Wile, and look upon any
Breach (,f conjugal Faith, cither in the M.in, or in the
Woman, as lo heinous an OtFcnce, that every one con-
trives the Death of the Perfon tranlgri'lTing, either by
themlllves, or their Friends; and therefore the Women
are veiy modcll and rcferved, efpccially the Maiilcns, who
are not fctn by their Hulbands till the Wedding-day, when
the Women receive their Portion.

They are i'.nemics to Fraud and Thifr, and grateful
for Benefits received. Among theinfclves, they live lov-

^^.'.if Ijlmts, without which his Conquerors could not ingly and tiieiuily, and therefore, when cvuy Man has
have monopoliif d them ". gathered what lie lowed for his own I'le, the rtll on the

This fully proves what has l)een licfore obllrved, that if Mountains and Vallies, is in common, without any Uillinc

(he Forlugiitze had taken Care to have converted thtle
People to Chrillianity, and had taught, them the S>.ienccs,
thi y would have been of more ufe to the Crown of J'orlw
^J, than all the Indian Nations that were lubur.ieii to it j
lur they had very right N(Jtions of the Conleqiienccs of
failing under the Dominion of the Dutch, and ffruggled
apainll their whole Power in the Indies, when at its great-
elt 1 leight, for many Years ; and lince their Country has
bciii liibiiucd. Multitudes of the Macajjars have quitted
it, and tranfported thcmfelves to other Places, where they
are entertained as Soldiers, particularly at Hatavia, where
they are elleemcd by tar the bcfl Indian Troops in the
Service of the States, and fome of thcin likcwile are in
the Pay of the Pcrtugueze Viceroy at Goa.
19. The Sunda Illands were now entirely open, and it

tion of particular Rigiit. They are alfo well inclined in
their Pliafutts, and leek Honour in Hunting, at which
Sport they endeavour to get fome Hiarp Horns to polifli,
and wear them as an Ornament at their Ciird.le. This
Cjirdle is no other than a long Slip of Linnen, which turns
between their 'i'highs to covtr their Privities, one Kiid
of whicli hangs down before, and the other behind. The
Peafants make a fort of Cloth ot the Barks of Trees,
which being afterwards wafhed and beaten, are as foft as
Cotton, and thole IVees being within the Dominions of
the Miiliiy Mocrs, tluy expofc themlelves for the Bark to
their 'I'yranny ami Iniblcnce. Some of them go naked,
and the rell wear a fmall Doublet made ot the lame
Bark, which they dye of any Colour. On their Heads
to keep offthe Heat of the Sun or Rain, they wear a Cap

is not cafy to conceive, how the Portugucz: could be lb of the Palm-Tree Leaves, fliaped above like a Sugar'

l.oaf, long, and with Flaps hanging down.

The Weaixms tlicy ufe arc Knives, made like the Can-
giers of the Moon, and Zampittes, that is, 'Prunks abouc
fix Spans lung, out of which they Ihooc little wooden
Darts, with an iron Head at the one End, and Cartouch,

long traverling thole Seas, without gaining a proper
Knowledge of them ; yet it docs not apjicar, that before
the Year 1527, they were acquainted with any thing more
th.in the Name of the Illand of Borneo, and with its Situ-
ation, by reafon of their frequently palling by its Coatls.

Ahuut that Time, Captain Edward Contl had Orders to or hollow Paper at the other, blowing into which, they
examine it more narrowly, and being once acquainted fhoot it out with a vatl Force, and fomctimes the PoinC
Willi the Worth of the Country, they made frequent Vi- being poilbned, the Wound is mortal. They alio fhooc
fits thither. 'J'his Illand, which is almolt of a circular Fi- Birds with Pellets through them. The Beajufts, as to
t;iire, lies immediately under the Equator ; it is alwut live their Perlbns, are ol' a dark Complexion, well-countc-
hundral Leagues in Circumference, and abounds with the nanccd ami ilrong. Such is the Account given of them
richell Commodities, the Hills well aorcd with Gold, and by the Portu^neze Writers, who, tor any thing I know.

the fiiictl Diamoiuls in India arc found in its Rivers, wadv
cd down into them probably from the Hills, by the I'or-
rcnts that pout into them.

All the Coafts they found inhabited by Malayan
Mcon, who certainly had ellablilhed thenili Ives there by

Conqueft, but the original Inhabitants Hill remain in the large in another Place

arc the only Authors that can be depended upon in this
Particular. Tin irCountrymen carried on their Trade chief-
ly with the ALcrs, whom they could never fubdue ; nor
have their Succelibrs, the DuUb, been able to do any thing
confiderable a;;ainll them, as we have already flicwn at

Mountains, and are filled Bcajus, which in the Malayan
I'oi gue, lignilies a wild Man, and the Moors ufe the ve-
ry luMie Word for the largeit Sort of Apes, that arc likc-
*:!i; common in diis Country, as if they ii^ant to lignify.

The noble Illand of Java was fooncr vifitcd by the
Portugueze, on account of the Trouble given them by the
Pirates, or Privateers, fitted out from Bantam, or as they
call it Bintam, and other Places in the fame Illand, which

■■ ana I:, by RipuU.on (.u I conceive) anJ b>veat. trcta ll.c nobler Parts Iroin farther InliClion , . „ , . .• ivmArr tCC-

•■ 1 li,ouU J luve aav.«,c.d ll.elc lUeU on the J Ica.lay or Rei^rt of any W mer whatever but the Frea-y dated h • Sth ° '"*" f '^J.f, ;,
i' W:o,e n.y i )c>. a.d the (Ixth A.i.dc of it begin, thu. 1 " "l hey. that u the Re^ien.. of AU,<//.r, ^'^lf"°^'^\f''^^^^^^^
•■ n to tnem. without Kxceptu,,,, and becaule wc are obliged to bcheve. that the f »,:/,//. ..re i;,.-.r. \'''^''''; "■^"^^j'"^ "''= ^" fj "..^^^^^^^^
•• ic- t \v„, the U,d Krien. Ih.ll turn then, out alio, the hill tlprottunity, mi \hA\ never permit either ot thole Nationj, or ti.ur tiea.aie^, to

iXj^uu-ic or uadc iii Ma.iiJJ'm liercalt>:r, tit.

duCSd

t'sv

I I

I'm:

mimEm-^^m.rm

.'n'

684

7hi NISTO R}-- of ihf

Book

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inJucc.l T/.i^^ Msftsrnhsi lo atiark Bantam, whuh he
look, an>l pliindfretl, tticnitth '.'•n^ Utn^n/r^n* littl ai
erm}Mf<t It in vjin. 7*''* A///«r Im S<iuili !• «U Iroin ilir
PtKiMjitlj i>f MuUad, having .SwM/r*, H*n**, 4!uJ CiliitJ,
lymK lirfore ic. Authoii viry a> i>i id IVjnuiuoin i Imt tlir
iiv'll ntO'lrrarc alk)w it nine hutulral Miln m C iri int. 1 dc
Air t% gpnrralljr «rtffmrit morf whollmiw ihan in any til
thr Iilc* Iwfore mcnjionfit, thr Countnrr«irnlii'uly Iniiiftil,
anJ the Court atioimtlinK with ^i>cn\ I'irtt It 1% not in-
Ifnilcil here to enter farther intu the lVliri|itiiin of I'Uei
than to render what we hjvr (u Uy *\ to thr 1 lilloty ol
them, riejr and intcllipihlr.

The J»v.intfe jirctfiul, that thry are ilrfunileil front the
purr ami unmixeil Race (>f ti.r <pld liih.iliiii«ni» «<f (.>/*»,
who retired thither when their C'o.'fitry wa^ 1. vrr run l>y the
Tartars i and on this they very nin h V4hie ihcmlrlvr* \
but Nfore the rori»iutzi camr there, iliey lu I nut only
mixeil with other neighlmurinn Naiinns, Imt wrn- allnlte-
cotne Mekammdani. The whole ilLind at thai I'line wj»
cantoned out among a Numlwr ol liitli- I'rinret, loin'"
more, (unie Icis |X)Wfrful \ biit moll ol ih'm Miltrr* of
feme Force by Sea. All thu cormliorair* wlut Imi iKrn
before lb often oH'erved, that tiicli N.»iion« tlul not grow
better Ij>' their Commerce with the iiirtptAin, but were .ic
fiiaJly dctiining trnm what they lutl l>crii wlun (irll villird
by thcni, and have been finking lower and lower ever
ft nee.

The Penugufxt General* faw {ilainly enough, that they
had rot Forti lufFicient to keep thi» IllantI, and tliin fi>ir
ihcy tontcnftd tijcmfelves with makiit' ■ new King of
BtHUm, wfien they had taken it, aiut aiiepitd Ironi Inm
an ai ! ual 1 .;b ite. P.inariKai, a mull I uv, the Cajii.il
of a iittlc Hrmcipahty of the lame Name, .irnt miiIliI aditii-
modioui IVrt, owed much tn their I'roieition, .uul w.ii
raifcxl f»jone of tKr pnmipal Mart« ol the whnlc Inuntty,
where t' v not o"ly dcah in Km-, lVji|>rr, and other Cum>
motlili' if tlx ll'.and, hit alln in duM, pin mm Smnei,
ar.il Spi»;s brought from othir I'lace*, and nH'i'' el|r( i,illy
from the adiacent inar.d*. But I'liue t'le l)Mi,t> l>e(.inie
M iH- 1» of fla.'j'jiJ, and the I'm|vriir « I MiUrun, and the
K.rif' ( f Bdilcn Invc tlividnl the llbml Itrtwi .

30 There i< fome Difp\ife ^>^ to the Time, tm! even ai
to tijc I'crl' n who firlt viim I the Oull nt ,\nv CuiH44,
Some fiy, that this Coart w.i» lirft lUluivirnl l.y /tivarez
lU StiavfJrj in thr M< ntli < t A/./v i 1;.''), \ts he wa'. return
ii'g to AVw Sfaii from a Vuyaj^c h< had nuilr lor Ihlio-
vcriei. He fell in with thu Coi.tir.eni 111 the Laiitmle of
two Degrees South, and ran I'.i'.t almig by it .ilnive live
hiindrrif leagues to the Etui ol the M<.iiih ol .fufu/l. The
C"aft wan riean, and of pood AikI.'I.U"- : I he People
black, with curled Hair, luked m the W.till, and iiiveitd
Irom thcnrc to their Feet. Stiavt.ira Ilivuh,; failed tnur or
live Dtj^rcen to th« .South, returne«l ai^aii unin the l*i)ui-
nodtial, and having j^alTed it, dild-vete.! inward* the North
an Illand, on which hr l>r|bi*nl the Name o| I/la Jt loi
Piniadci, that is, Tht IJIahJ ef f'tiiMUit i'mflf j for lie
found the Inhabitanf; white, and each ol tlinn m.irked in
his BfAly with an Iron. 1 hey cijuIiI not undrrlland the
l.arj;u.igc lh«y fpike, whith wa» very |',iiituf.iU but by the
Sirns they nude, ihey a| pielitndeil liiai they came from
Cliiu.

Ther" came ofT a Boat full of thclc IVopIr m a hoftile
manner, threafninjj tfie Spiim>ir.ii, and iliiuwmi; Stone*
at them ; but Ssovdra would lut lutli r lii\ Heuuli: to lire
u{t)n t.hein by any nieai,',. A Imic Ixynnct ihr. Ili.iiu! they
difcovcr.-d many other*, low a;; I flat, over'-d with I'alm-
Tocs x.d Gr.'&, fo that tiny mad.r a V' ry i jeafant Ap-
pca.'antc, and therefore SacvtJr.i 1 ailed tin m i^i 'JariiiHti,
or tlR(Jarilcr.Si they wcrt very lull ot IVopIr, wholirrmcd
to them by ti.nr Coiinttiiam f , ..1. I t!,r M inmr of wearing
thi.r flair, to be dcficndcd liom the CAniifi \ but by tiieir
longConrimi.inic there, were Ivci'iiue lM(baruii», uiid even
I (utilh, living w:tiiiAit Ijw, that tiny may livr without
Lalour, cliuiiy;.! only with a white kind o| Siiiir, whiih
t'i>7 nuke of (ir.iA. Tiny eat L'»oi iiill( ul ol Biiad,
pulling tt'.rni Ivloic ihey ar<- ri|x , ai >• l>uryin|r tlieiii m tl.c
ia.id, lioin Ahi-iite, altti l-Jii.t l).i;>, liny take them out,
1

•ml l,.v llifin in »h« Sim. where tliey op.n of ,h,„,|-|,

1 hey hke»,i|r fat Kini, whn.h they take m ..kind of Jlj,
eallol ParMi, mail? ot hne-w..!, whi.|i„ij,„. ^^^
tiMll at iert.Mn limes ol th. Year, thry kng* not frJ
whrnce, or how. The T.-.l, with wlnj, il,ry n^\^^^l^
H-mii aie ma.le ol SheJi. W Jut ap|rar,d n, iu\;j,»l
nu.l» lltangr wai, that thcle People h.ul nt7:r ker I
)\m\ any NotuMi ol lire, tdl they lame u|ion i|,p,r Un
and linn they lliewol the utmoll 1 .riur ami Apprfl,inf«
at the .Siglit. Saavfirj woiiKI have r'tiiin.l hom hence
AVu; SfaiH, but met with lo many Hilhiuitie* in hii h
lage, that wiini out with (irief aiul Car-, he JicJ i;
\»\ I'lopli- bruiight hi» Ship back to the Mciuaai.

liin gave an Opjiortumiy to the Auth ir wc have laki
thi". A( count liom to learn all thole I'lrthuUni and tr
Writer dcferves the more Creilit, a* he m,n a Man of T
Ihnflion, and Ciovernor of tht SfKf. (fij>,(i, \„x t\^c p^f.
luenrzt. Hi'. Name wai /tnUmo (iit.'vjiic, the lame »|
l"ok lo much I'aini to introduce Chrillianity into the Ifla:
ol CjUhti, and who hat written an exa^'l Account ol all i!
DiUoveriei nude by the Spanuirdi and Ptriugmtt lioth
the f-^J}- Miti, anil in the AfVyf . But wr mull not ijw
heriil Irom hn Ai count, that tint S<.y!hern Contnent w
alilulutcly uiiknnwn, nil thii Ihlcovery ot it hy StKdr
bccaufc It is certain from lin own Auuunt, that lhel:;h
bitanu ot the M«liu<aj were very well acqujiii:cd wuh
betote the Pcrtuj^mzc came amongll them, and carried c
a (oniiderablir Trade thither \ but thi« Part ol thrCoarti.
\» hich Saavfiira tailed wat unknown to tht hinpfjni be I r
While tint /inltmo Gaham tommanded at Inxalt, tlifi
wa» a famous Pirate, who with a .Viuadron ot Parjn, ,);
a great deal ot Milihicl on the C<utl ol the Land ot Ptfn
whuh IS the Country fimc called (Vnt-Gw/ni'ij, and at 111
l)egan to tlireaten the Subjti t» of tlic Periugutze in tiic .\k
Uiiai, To rqirefi the Violcnct^ conimitteil by thuKovn
(iitlvaiio fitted out fome Baikt thtf were lent him t y th
King ol JiJor, and having mai.ind them with a ttw i^r
inxuftf, and with the Auxihaiiei lioni the neiplibourq
lllaiult, he lent them under tlic Command ot ttrdmiti
I iHiigrfx, a Piiell, in (jj^iell of this hrate, with »hor
they came up, and alter a Im.irt b nf^age.nent, in whic
the I'lrate and his Brother were lioth killed, dtllroycd to
and diljK-rlird tlie reft ol his Squadron.

Alt' r obtaining this ViCtoiy, h- was lirnt to the Councl
of Papocu, where he was kiiuily received by fevcral Pun J
and converted tome ot them and their Subi'i ts D the Chr.!
tun baith, which was to great a .Satt'ta^tn n to the Wdri.l
( lovcrnor, that he inllituted a kind ot Seminary, in whuh .1
bred up ahumlancc ot young Men brought Iron) all t'.rl
Countries, mllrutting them himleit in tiic Chrilhan K I
gion, and m all forts ol Literature tiut were at that 1:
l\udied in Pcrtuj^al.

It IS oblervtd by the PorliigufZf Hilloriant, that wiii
other (jovernori inciratcd their bortunes, this Ma:i ill
died only to incrcal'e his Reputation and the NiimlierF
his Mailer's SufijcctJ, by his wile and gentle tj0vcrninri|
wluch lud fo pooil a.T I'.tl'cit, that Multitudes of Chi
Ihans ex[)clled and banilhed by Mubammnkn Prircl
tlimughout the Indir, rq)aired to him in-the -V&.Wl
where he was to entirely beloved by ail the Pnnccsl
thole Ifl«:idj, tiiat they joined together in a Rcprclin'.t'J
to the King ot Poriufdl, fctting forth tlie many Advanl
ges that would accrue to the Perlii^utzt, as well ,is the!
telvcs, if .-fntoniHo Calvano w.is loiitinuetl in this Guvcl
mrnt lor Lite \ but belorc this KepR-lmtatiun was \|
Iramcd, the Governor of tlic Indies fcnt Gorrft OjlrM
luKted Inm, whuh, in the S[\ife of a tcw^car-, [f
diieed fuch a ChanL',^- in their Aflairs on this .Si>, |
Mtfeus, and other ot their Plilloriaiis, luivc dcdjitil i
iiig u» an Account of them. ,

It was the removing this worthy Man, that hin..fl
all the Southern Continent from lK-i;ig i.'"jrou^;hly kr.o«^
lor, by his Candour, Humanity, and wife (iovtriimcnrJ
ellaUilhed a ucw Fate in that I'art of tlic N^urJ.I
whwh the Porlugutxe never had any IiImi eithc kI
or lincc i and if "he had remained there l-'Jt a lew lij
would have done more towards i'.- Cot.vcrlion "^ |f
Nations by his own Virtue and Pi'tv, than cv.r cm-
illecU-d by ail Army ot MilIionaiR->. But what Ik

Clmpll.

P()rtuguc7x' Empire in the l\alt- Indies.

r,,t ifrmieerJ to fft.ft l)y hii Aftions, hp hai (kftihnl
lurtli 111 hi% WritiM(',n I (■» th»r, from thrtn wr kim, thu
,M. .11 Soutlurn Contiiirnt wjs in hii 'I'imr, well inli.iljuPil \
.iiul though tliflo InhabiMiiti miKhr, in l.tnc I'.uh of if,
If ,il)k)lute BJrl^arlJn^ •, yet, in otiirri, rticy wirr .n miicli
,,wli/.al auhtir NciKlilxiiiri, niul h.id, ai wr have hrfore
iffii, not only the Ulc of Velltli, bur luine kind of naval
lorcr.

• 1. The Pifrovery ol the VbiUppim (/ImJt, s« thfy
nrr now rallcil, wai, iimloiihti-dly, ni.i<lf Ity Ihmdj Ma-
,,..',j«. mtlu- Ytar i -jn i ami the fuW Illaiul in whirli he
Umlnl w,ii Itummunun, which it now harri-n ami iininlia-
liitcil. lie tiM)k I'oiRdion of tin- Kland (if lUuium, liy
cnelin;^? a t'rofH, a^ we havr rlliwlutr flu wn, on the
H'dntjiiy in hifteriycek, m the Cimr W.ir. Hut thdc
Illaiuli were not Irttlnl on the Behalf of the Spant.iriis till
(he Year i ;lt^, hy MidtttI Lopez de f.'jnfpi, » Native
III .^A\^^ aaiDK iimlir a Commidion Inmi Kin^ Phi-
lip l\. in floiMHir cit whom thry wore cillcii Vhiiipfints.
Um with this Comiutll .wul Settletiirnt I hive, at prelent,
niitliin;', to do, ai iiitfi\diM(?, to f|eak only tn fiie Diliove-
rifs made in tlirle I'arti hy the l'orlttj(tierr, on whole Be-
h.ill Poll Jmonig de Gjh.ino, in the Year l5jH, font
Iramis de Ciflra to the IHand of Mindanao, where he
|tTiii.u!cd (Ix <if the ix-tty Prince^ to ncrivc Baptifm, with
jll tluir l''aini!iei, This Illand ot M.ndaniio ii the mull
telurn of all the Pfilippme', and the larijrft of them all,
(■xn;t Mimla \ it extendi from (/of N. I,, to lo" 30',
.iiu! IS ellctnied three htindrc-rd I.rai!;ucs in tompafs, 'I'herc
4ri' t'lw L'oiiiitrie« in the World Iwtter watered j fur there
arc 111 It twenty imvi['al'le Rivers, and near two hundred
Kiviilct', lii-lidt) lar(;e I.akr , one of wliidi is called
Mndiin.in, arul gives its Nanv to the whole Illand.

I lie Porlug^Hczc loiiiid it inhabited hy llvcral difl'erent
Nttiims ot wluth, the true orii^inal Lords of the Country
pilldlai then, only the Hdls and inacceirbic Plates ;
Ivinj; Ne^roj, with cnlj) and curled I lair, like thofe in
A'.vi Guinea \ and, by t!ie way, thole wire the orij^inal
Inlialiitants of all the Philippines. 'I'hc Portugueze and
i'f.-.niiird} call them Ni^ritloi, a Nation who have latri-
fictd all the Bieninm of Life, and all the Advantages of
liiinun Nature, to an entliufiallick Love of Liberty. Thofe
who inhabit one Mountain will have no Iiucrrourle with
iliole who inhabit the next ■■, nay tholi- that inhabit the
Middle of a Hill, will murder futh as live attlieTop ortlic
Bottom of it, if they find them in their Dillrit'f. They
h.ive nciti»er Lords nor Ljws, but live like Brutei, tor
the lule Satisfaction of bein^; free. This filly I liiiuour
induced them to abandon the Sea-C'oalls on the lirit .Ap-
I^araiice of Stran^^ers, which have been lincc fettltd by
Irvira' Nations, (bme Mvbammediins irumUifneo, others a
vliiter People, no Botly can well fay from whence, only the
nioll civili/.cd Inhabit.tnts own, when the Portugueze came
anijiigll them Hrll, that thele lllaiuls had hiniurly been
ii!u!cr the Dominion of the Chinefc, and, upon their aban-
iliinin^!; them, were left a Prey to any Nation that th(ni;;ht
lit to Icttle in them, and were able to defend themlllvcj
troii) the Blacks in the Mountains.

Ihe Ifland Xolo lies .South- Weft from Mindanao, and
IS [governed by ii Kini:; of its own -, it is tar from bein :
lirjse, but iti Situation between Mindanao and Bc' u
makes it the Mart of all the Moorijh Kingilom;. i do
licit hnd that the Porlugutze ever pretended to Icttle, much
Ifis to conquer thele Illands ; but they vilited them fre-
quently tor the fake of Tratie, and in thofe Hays there
«as a greater Commerce in thele Parts than can be well
i^nagined 1 tor, while the 'I'rade w.is open to Japan, there
cJiiic annually two or three Ships laden with Silver, Am-
U'r, Silks, Chells, Cabinets, and other Curiofitics, made
of fwcet-lcentetl Wuoils, with valf Quantities of Silks,
Me.fliiis, Callicoes, (^lilts, an<l Lartheii-w.-ire from China.
lur thele the Men hants ot Csko/ida exchanged their Di-
amonds i thofe of Ceylcn their Rubies, Topazes and Sa-
r'lTcs ; trom y.iva and Sumii:i\i came Pepper, and Cloves,
•iiid Nutine!',s from the MoiuuJi.

The native Commoditie^ of thele Iflands were as valua-
tle as any of the relf, fintc no Country in the World,

NuM». XLVU.

685

Ptu not cxcepte.!, abounds wlih more flotd. In the
M<iuntains thev dij^ hut tlir. ■■ I'oot deep, Ixfore they meet
jvith It 111 redSamI, and where tiry r,innot come at thr
Mountaini tor thr BUiks, ih.-y iliy, Trenches in thr (lai
Country, and alter the rainy .Se.tloii. rhcy pivk thj CJcId
out ot the Mud that is l<tt in thrm. I iniumim thry havu
ui n(,')d at any in Ceylon \ Ijut no li(..ly h.iviii:- any I'ro-
petty in the Trees, they tcir and delfioy tin /lark at all
Scalons, which 11 the Rcaloii the Woild is lo little .ic-
quaintcd with the Cinn.imon of Mindanao. lo ifn; Sea, he-
tween this Illand .md X^^Ij. there is a Pearl- Kilhery, infe-
rior to none in the Imliei, cither in point ot Colour or
Shape. Amberj^rceie tin y have in great Ph nty and I'er-
tiiition on their Coall \ and I umns arc very < ti^n found of
twenty or thirty Pounds Weight, nay, and I'ometiinM
larger.

It was from their Commerce with Mindanao, and the
Rcljiea. or, as they call ir, I lomiRe, paid to the King
ot Portugal by loine ot the |)e[ty Monarclii of tliit Coun-
try, that the Pcrtiigucze pr( tended to mamt.iin their Claim
to thele lllaml ajjuinll the Spiiniards, who alFume to thcm-
fclve.s an exchilive Ri^ht over all the Pbilippinei i becaufc
t.uionia, or Manila, whiih is the bi[;<^!;ell of them, is in
their Poirellion •, yet thry have fo managed tlieir AfT!iir.s,
that though they keep thele Stttletneiits iiRiJy for the fake
ot Trade, their (iovernnient is lb ordered, as to IcIFmi
th.it Commeicc, which thole I land:, had before th-y be-
came Mal'ers of them •, and, at tl.; Ilinie time, the Royal
Revenue 1 lb indiifcrenily man ^^ed, as not to defray
above 'Tv Tiiird of the Lxpcn .s of the Governmi.-nt \
though the P« tiplu •.n- fo i'- .oh harraired, that thry ily to
all Parts of liiiiii, to avo:', the 1 l.iullhipu iinpolLd on
them at Home.

ss.is hin.r !l a .^

Lather A' ■ .•ardte, w^
svho, in his i liltcjry ol ...iit.i, Ihm
lor fiis Counny, conUll's the I'lutii
never was m any Country (>f :'.

\'.rd, and

.. maiiite Partiality

' this, and that ho

'ii.tici, but he found

'•'" the Potugtuzi in the l"'all, more curious or more
lary, than wliat rehires to the finding the Illands

Manila Indirjis cither carried a' ly, or rtn ".way from
thence ; and of this, 1 :,iys tlie Spanijb < .-rninent
complained, as bcin|L tx;r. 'uly detrimental to ..lat .S.tile-
inent : But he obla 'es ve . juffly, upi 11 that Occaliod
that Complaints he only .i(viinli themlilvis, ami tluir owf
C (indiidf : I ,( t them, i.iys h ■, ul'e the In Hans wi ii, and
they will not run aw.iy ; let tlum pr iteCt thole iVoule as
tliey ouj^ht, and no body will be iiMe to lie d them. '1 lij
Net^lipence of the i'ctingneze, the Tyranny of the Spa-
niitrds, aiivl the eneri iing D.fiiofition of the Dutch, hin-
der thele lil.imis from tieins^ what they oilurwil'e rfiiill be,
tiie Centre o| Conuiierce fjetwien the Ai/// m\'.\ I I'ljl- In-
dies \ am! it a free I r.ale were allowed in them, each of
thele Nations would j.^t't ten 'linns as much, ami that tii3
with ten Times the L.ile with which they get wliat little
they do pet I7 their Commeue here at prefeiit.

'Ihcre is not any PalF-if^e relating to the Difcoverics

of J,i}an, which were liihiivcred about the l.ime 'Time
by two dilVerent lets of .-Vilventurers, both, in ali Appear-
ance, the puie l-.trrcHsof Ciianee. And though, in the .'\c-
count we have received of both thele Difcoveries, very
little Notice is taken ot Dates ; yet, from Coniparilon of
Lads, it is pretty evident, that the Pcrfons we iTiall firH:
fpeak of, arrived m tiiat Co'.iiury fome Time in I'.ie Month
of May, J.D. 1542. Ot tlie lirll of tliefj, we h.ive .1
very l.'irj^e Account, wiitten by Mrndiz Pinto, wlio was
himl'clt the Dil'covdiTi but tor m'aiiy Keaions we h,;v;;
found it lucefTary to contrad that .Iccount mro as h w
Words as pofTible, tliat we m.'.y h ivc Kooin t > give the
Reader Ijodi the Difcoverics, and thereby enable him tj
judge lor himlelf, as to the Controveil/ that has been
railed concerning them.

ladmand Mcndcz Pinto tel'r, us fiimftlf, that b< ing in
Company with two of hi', Countrymen, whyli: Names \V(i.>
Dif'^o Zcimoto, and Cl.-rijhpl..r b:;r.\.s, sit L.r.i::pr.,jc, v.hich
is the fame with iMutr, they there endeavoured to get a
I'all'age to tijine other P.irt in the IrJif.', ar.d I'.nmd it
very diirieult to do : At tall a Cl'tn./e Corlair .li'-ied liis Se;--
k M vx.-.

' ' *

■ I i II. ii

■ ?i I*

<it

i^waiaa HSitE^ n

t '3

pi \;

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m ■

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.. fii

■'I

P:r

686

7/jc H I^rORT of the

Rook

vicr, promifinR to conduct tlicm to the IfluiiJs o*' Ltq'M-
{, "• i Init when tiny wcio at Sim, the NVeathcr pruviit lo
1-, ti, and tlie tV/wt'/r- Captam's Ship To Ici ky, that thtrc
wjvan abfolutf Neccllity ^>t putting; into lunie Port to relit ;
and iiil-nrtJiiigly the Captain Ihjpc away lor .< icrt.iin I'ort in
t!ic Illanii ot Jnfun, which o.ir Author tells us was that
i.t X^'hiygima iii tl»r llUnd ot Ta»kximaa, where ih(y lately
arrircd. Iktorc they cntcnd tiic I'ort, two Warkls came
koni the Sluirc to know who they were, and what tiiry
wanted? The Ciptain anl'wcred, that they were tome tioni
CliiMii, that his Ship was tull ot doods, and that his Inten-
iion was to trade, it thi y ini<j;ht obtain IVrmnlinii •, to which
the priiuipal I'rrlbn in the Uaiks anlwfed, ih.it the Lord
cl tk- lilanil was called NauLtquim, and tliat it tiny paul
tlic I'oft Dutit^, they might have Leave to 'I'lade". 1 he
l'ihii,'( L'aiJtain inllantly ciuiiplicti with this Dcniami i
the I'atron ot the Hiiks iiled liiiu iluieiiiKdi wiih j'.ieat
Civility, and conJucted hiiu iinnicdiaiely into the Har-
bour.

About two I lours attci the Lord of iJic If-uiii cajiic thi-
tlicr, ar(.()nipanied by kveral IVrl-ms ot Diilinction, and
lijiiie Merchants. At the Si^lit ot tk- tJiree l'ortujt,H,zt he
W.I.- veiv much alh):'.illied, and liemanded im;iKdi.uely who
tJiuti; Stranprn were, and ol w!ut N.;tinn ? The Ciptain
ani'wercd, that thi y came from a !;ieat City called MnUntu
and that thty were ot a certaiii Kiiif^ilom in tuiopc called
raug^jl. At thde Words .Wiuitiquim appeared more liir-
l^ri/.ed than Uf 'le, and at laH, turning to thole who were
aliout lum, he laid, let me dr-, i! ! don'i b.heve tliele arc the
Ctincli<oi(i.\ ol whom we read in our old Bocks that tJiey
l!y U|)on tlie Wateii-, and make tlicinlJves Mailers ot i.vcry
ticJi Country they hear ot : We rtiall tluiik ourlelves very
happy, if they arc contrnt to be our Al!i. s. I Je then calleil
J \\ on;an, w!u> could Ijx'ak the Llintje i«inguat;r, in
whicli he was but iiulilVereiuly (killed, and Uelireii her to
uik tli:- Capt.un with what \'kw he brought thele Stianj.',ets
into '/.p.in. i Ik Ciptain arlwcred vciy candull), tliat he
Icur.'.l tiiem at .\/i;..;o much dillietled lor a I'allagc to Iomic
i'ort in rhc India, and that lie, trom a i'rincip.d ot llu-
ina^Mty, took them on Board his VtlRI, iii hope* that I'lo-
vitlcruc wouL! raifc hi.n a IJvT Iritr.d, m calc he (l.ould
lall into the lame Dillrcl*. This l.itislied A'jutaijuim ^xt-
};ft!y, to t!ut lie ma te no Dili'iCuliv ol yi.iii^; a;x>ard the
Ce;«_/i' \'cllil, wuh I'ume lA tlic piinnpaj IVilons about
him, and alked the Porik'i^ucze abuiuiaiuc lit t^uelboo>,
w'n.i'i he ail'.i invited, to vilu lum on Slwre, piomitiiig to
tnt-itain ihcm kindly.

Thty W'ot a.cotdingly, and carrtid him a IVelent,
winch was v:-ry giacuruily received, an..! S.iuin'jutm cntcrc.t
lino 4 long Cos.vcrtation witii them about ihrir Cuuiuiy,
jii.l j-articulaily inlilled on tiulc tiiree I'oir.ts, which In-
laid he had U.ii toid by the Ci;«, u- and Lequ-.^ni in his
C.uij;itty. Lirtl, that /';/;a^m-/ was busier than lU'ina, ami
:;r!iers die (rcond, tliai tne King ol /'cr;tt^<i/ li.iJ n;n-
CutrcJ the b.^l I'art </f the Woil.i -, and tliir>lly, that his
/■(rturu.-zf M.rcliy haci Utter tiian t\n) thoulaiid J ioufts
tull ot (j'.',! ar.d -Silver. I\ni9 ing< uiouliy i^wi.s, th.it iu;
did r.o: (Ink exactly to 1 lutli in lii> Aniw. ts, but con-
trived l.kh as were iiioll likely to i;< ep u[) tlw Jiii;h Uinnion
t;..it .Vju,'/jj:.'.->.j hal coiiciivtd ol thcir iMoiuruu Ali liw
Time ihey (h>eii h.re, tlicy were treate 1 wit'i the i.t.iioli
Civility and Ucl'pcct, lK;i.g }>.-riiiitte>l lo tee cveiy thiiif;
ihry d lirrd, ami to i-o wiicre they woul.!. /.(iineii, h.i;l a
very li;.c (.lu.-.. With w!ii(.h the J n[,un ,t wire txtreaiiily
ukcn, i;iloinitt.h t:ui liuy (jxi^c ul ii lu i\iiuliii^!um, wiio

I'.elircJ to lee ir, and how it was iifed ; yvjiui, Rmu,|l
his bem^ complnil with, he thought hinildt to mi
obliged thereby, ,h.it Ir (et the /'.m.f i/r^Mipon one
Ins own I lories, and obliged him to rule throiif^li the It,
with a Cru r before liim, who proclainicil |,iin i\,iuim„
Coulm, and ad.monilhed the I'eople to fonliJcr lilm
fiifh : At his Return h-; had an Apartment afllj^ncd him
the Calace •, upon which he made a I'releiu to N.uiim
ot his |-owhng-])icir, in return lor wlmli, lit lent lum
r.Mdy Money a thoutand T.ieN, whij, make in out M
ney three hundrrtl and ihirty-tliiec ruiiiKS*.

The I'eople miitaivii tlu: CJencrolity ot tlicir Princf j
bou[;lit all the Captain's (ioods at tii'di roumi Katcs'tl
lor a Cargo which coll Jiim two thuiilanU live hunai
■Jaels they g.ive him to tlir ValiK' of thirty tliuuiai
We I'.erd not doubt that I'eople lo well riitertoincil, fw
tluir Days there very .igrccably, and were not manyer
Hurry about their Departure. Aitet a M.j;ith's 5r,
however, the Chim/t Capuin having refitted his bliip, v
pareii to put to Se.i i but bclore he was ready an Acculi
happened, which changed the l-'acc of their .'Vfuir^ cntirt
A Boat arrived in the H.irbour, havinu on Board a G;
ticman charged with a Letter trom the King of Bimgo
the laitd ol the llland, (ignilying that he was inlorn:
that certain Suaiigers were come into his Dominions,
which It was app.irciu, that the World was mi.ch Ij'ri
th.in they iiiugiiud, and that he tlelired he wouiii Inu;
lead one ot thetc .Str.mgers to dilcoiirle with hiin, the
iher, brcaute at that 1 mie he was very much miiifpol:
and lu.'iiitil by repeated J- its ot black Melaaclioly, «h
opprclled him to the lall IJegjee. 'Jlie Lord oltlic Lij
li til immediately tor the Pcrlu^vez!, and having intuiir
than, that the King ol iiun^o ssas both Ins Uncle and
l-.ither-in l-iw, lie iiull carneltly delircd that they woi
giatity the Hequelf of that I'liuce. At the I'.inie tmif, ho
ever, he declared, that he could not pait with his Ccu
Ztinwte, but that the Lmballador niii',lit take whiclioit
other two he pleated ; but alter a little Kicolkction,
tixed upon PtiUo uS tiie nujil proper IVilun to go tu i
Liicle, btiaule he was ot a brilk and lively lenipcr, a
iheretorc the moll hkely to divert him •, and a: t.ic hi
time made him a I'rclent ot two hundred iacli, asaLu
}xi)l.;tioii lor the 'i'rouble ot this Juuriicy.

'1 lungs being thus rei^ulaicd, /'iWs took his Ix'avc
Ins l-ri'.iids, ar.d emiurqurd with t!ic Lniiullador lot
Kingdom ol liiingo, wIulIi lies but at a very liiull Diiia
troll) the Illaiul ot iucuxima. They arrived, without
ing with any Accident, at the loitieliof Oy-/*;, where
ri iiuiiud two Days, ami then they let out lor tlieCaj.]
wheic tiicy arrived the very tame Day. 1 h'- Kinghaii
ti>jiur Notice ol their cummg than he iniinaiutc
one ot his Sons ' omplemeiit tliem, to whom thef
la. lor dehvcrcc' Ixttcr trom .\juiiquain tuf tiic k
latlicr, whole Name was Oii^<niio, who, as loon as
(lived It, delircd ilv: Piriu'liiiezj un MUCH) him, vi]
lu- retciveil wuh all the Htliiect iinagiiiablc. lii
(juellion he alkcd l'ti:tii was, whetiur the CuUt, with w
he ^^as dreadfully aifln.ttvi, was a Diltuni>er kniAvn i
ot the Couninei through whiJi he h.id paiied, and
ha.i ever iKanl of any KemeJy liiat would eihctuaiiy
It .' i'.ib'u iciii lain honi liiy, tnat he was no I'aylicMn
that he liad Ijiou'dit witii him Ironi (J'lu-i a k^iiitot W
wii;iii lia>l a (^laliiy ot relieving the mull v:uient I'jin
tiicir Caulc tx- what it wou.d, but that .'.e i;a.l lilt it i:
likiKi wiicrt iic iirll arrived ; upon wli.cii v.k king i

nil

Th-'; r.". J . 'f wLth II tc-Ei tl.f rvf-i.e, »a
!•• f.v c.-rh uilli a-y Vt.•l^l'^'y aUw i
•••<•'■ V >ffh I .iSituiV, niyit;; t''.r 'iln

tl.c W;f:in on Ihr i4il i an wh.c>i ••iJe iN'v k»ni rti luvr i

Ti fi^ne/ tii> iiittwjy fonw .I'lwlri'gr, fmi: under d.lfcrrnl .Njinci ; .inJ cvr.n it :!.» Dav «::
■rm ioR t VVr !r:i cs!! Im-m t\.-- Iflai.,!. ol / p./ ;. <.ilicri ihc l.linii vl A'niij Ti.c* IicbtWf
li r.t h'Ke'n 'm thr SmitI '.Vnl. it.r ( fFniinrni ot < V.,,,, on ihf W'lit, the llll'd; ot 7 7-"''
i.c>i '■'At iN'v k»ni rti luvr i .. I and narrr lo tlKfii ihin .li-nuj 'We \fut->if rfptr;, I'm
t.'.r 1.1.) i frt If Cc.4i.ni»> m l..r V.uiU, »i!i (ill Ihc Iniibjiuili uc v^ i-iic ', l>*|Yir'l. »m1 UH euml.liuiitd i<f ii:e iiuiiui; Ki-c. I.'"/
_.f.'t t . !:.r Pf.-.n? ol . wr w/., f, o x-, ■ ix of t!,r pni Hji] 1 (,nl> o.' \U l-.ii.| rt i,| y,^.,, 1( injv ml be Miiil'i lu oj.coc, liul UicL>.i';/»
ii.f.K •.: tiirr rr \-t>t '.([.-ii\ »iJ ilut 't prcCrp? thr/r k r.)^.e Commfru bct*frn Hi<-m »nd ttic' /'• liffn,,.

" Inn t!'j!»l, whiihr/./. c.\il< r.'f.. "saa. i., utjrwbtci'v, ra.iii,m,t wfoiK.nr to Ihr K inf <lotn i>l Fir>:<„/t It lifi in t!.t Ul^tw-i

»<jf'll X
t'.r 1.1.) j (zii If Cc.4i.ni»> m liir

.N.itlli, xt^^ >r-y :ir.!l Ui.i ti.cc odo.c )',t liLmd tf ilii« llljnd, which .irt Inou-n in /i;-/ inJ'
\arrr: \ ..-i r .,! / ^•'-. v.i. .Ji i Wl, 41 >ie • ciiti. .> ;i(.| ■• i,ti.a ;i, itx .Ninic ol a (Jill lU.-i LoiM.Uw Ui of * l.'gc .\rclN(-c 'i''"' l'""^.'
li»-h •, V f'^' It II ttur, ih-M hiri .*.,jtl.o.i ipf.iU ol flu liith I'dh ,r /'.••«» lufiiliwi , 1);1 llut n 1 juii (AjfCticn l.ltc '
■ Hf;itiOf:, Imct jl i> on all liaiidi J Imsnl, ih.»i |>roa (j.du) Clur.jti luvc bccii made m ll.i- .N.iinc> o( ihc I'nntipjl Turn k4 I'Uf' ■'

I < i!.r r.fi:! (m .ul .r l/.mp in /•,-/.•■ KAiu a u ih,i ; ihji n«»iihilaiidif.g lh« AroniOiinmi <.( ll.r Vwf'.c m tlit.r linl l)«|ioUnii! '**
I. nj...... .1 l.ro.;g|it mt,. llicy >>rrr hciwiri, (1. ingnikitK kt In con | r< hfiid l)i<- s\h..lr Mtili.iiilmi .jl il in .1 >«'.» lim* ''"''•

»ii lent tr.r I , /;.,., Otty t.ii ni .Ic fcitr.il of ilifm, .ii,J m tl,c Sp,ie .,1 .. |m Wn, I.e. Lit.ii.c vtrv «»p«t! r •'- '
.1/ r^\:.Mi.i^', ..1 ii.c I, 11, atrrtit.iiij^iJi'^, cutitiinK.i I). Liti '.Sii:i:r»,

, (he !:».:«,■«''•'•'

:4 u

Rook I. ■ Chap. II.

Portuguczc Empire in the Eaft-Indies.

liiately ilifpatchcil a Mi-lTcngcr thither to fetch it. As foon
as it arrivcil, Pinto caiifcil it to be llce[K'il in Water, which
lie gave the KiiiK to drink, and in the Space of a few Days,
he iDund himfeif fo will, that he was able to rife and walk
alx)ut, wliitli he had not done for two Years.
It is cafy to imagine wliat high Eft'ccts lu extraordinary

68;

ward. Pinio declared he could promile for nothing, but
that he was willing to do ail that lay in his Power, and that
he had great Hopes of fucceeding.

Upon this the Prince w.is left in his Hands, but not with-
out a great Struggle on the I»art of the B jnzcs, who declared,
that it the Stranger touched his Wounds, he woula die that

a CrcumiUnce as this mu I ncce r,r,!y produce, and what Night; and that the bell thing the King could do was to

Careircs were naturally bellowed on a Str.ng,r. who had offer up Pirn as a Sacrihke to the Godl and tor fend an

io iu.i.lenly and founexpeftcdly peitornia lo great a Cure. Exprefs immediately for the old Bon« b' fore-mentioned

The King ordered all the Care iniaginable to be taken ot The Prince interpoled, however, fo warmly in Favourof the

1,„„, and the whole Court was employed ,n cuntriving how Stranger, and fome of the oldell and wileft Men about the

,0 entertain and divert him v but in the midll ot all this Court thought the young Man's Uefirc fo rcafonable, that

Joy atul Satistadion, there happened an unlucky Accident, the King confented to it, and the Prince being carried to

which had like to have been attended w.tn very bad Confe- Pinto's Lodgings, he dretlbd him as he h.id ffen the Eu-

ijueMC( J. Piiito had With him las Cun, which was migh- ropean Surgeons do, and in one Month's Time there was

tilv admired by every Body that law it, and the Operations no other Sign of the Wounds than the Scars they had lefr

01 which tilled them with Allonilhmeiit. The hereditary and a little Deadnefs in his Thumb. The King and the

Pimce W.1S lo taken with it, that he would needs try to whole Court were quite raviHied with Joy at his unexpected

lh(x>t himlelt, to which hnlo would by no means content. Recovery, and befidcs a thoudnd Blellings and Thank';

tagcr, infomiich that he complained to his l-'ather, and de- While things were in this Situation, they had Advice

lirut he would prevail ujion the Stranger to trull him with that the Chinef,; Ship was ready to fail ; upon which Pinto
liib Gun i to which the iV.'/(?ui=,'yicldtd, and promifed to defired Leave to be gone, to which the King very unwil-
go a (hooting with him the next Day. hngly confented j but as the Stranger infilled upon it, he

ThL" young Man was lo impatient, tliat he was up before ordered a Vtllcl to be equipjjed, in order to carry him back
ir was light, and on tlu- tilth of Augujl \vas i\t Pin!o\ to the Iflanil of 7rtf(«/«;a, and lent a Gentleman with him,
Chami-'ei-door before he was awake. He had too much furnilhing him alfo with all manner of Provifions and lie
Manners t.) dillurb him, but unluckily fpying the Gun, frefliments. Alter hij Return to that Illand, our Traveller
took It out with him into the Court, and refolved to make remained thcie a Fortnight waiting for a fair Wind, and
a Siint. He put in a double or treble Charge of Powder, then embarquing, arrived fafely at Liatnpo on the Co'ail of
ti) which giving I' lie, the Gun burll, cut his right Thumb China. This is, in few Words, the Account given us by
Id tl'.at it hung by a Thread, and at the lame time a Piece Pinto himtelf : Let us now proceed to the other Difcovcry
(11 ilif Barrel ilruck him fo violently over the Ear, that he of this Country made by the Portu^tuze, accordin^r to oi;r
Icll llat upon the Ground, and tliolL- who were about him Promife.

tiiuupht he was killed. The Noife of this Accident was In the fame Year 1542, three of the fame Nation cams
vfiy loon fpread over the whole I'own, where it was una- by pure Accident into this Country, their Name."! were,
I iiiiouily agreed, that the Stranger's inrhanted Inftrument Antonia Mota, Francifco Zeimoio, and /hitonio Pcxcta, who
lud killed die Heir of the Crown. The Noil"; inade round in a Voyage from the llland of Mvfrt^jr to C/w.-/, were
i ;s Apartment awakened Ptiito out of his, Sleep, who com- thrown upon the Coalts of tlief.; lllands and were cxceed-
11 ;; <iowii without knowing what was the Matter, went ingly well received. Amongll other Acquaintance, they
luifitiy to tiii I'lace where the Accident had happened, entered into a dole Conveilatian with one y^/rn-tro, a Man
a ul kcing the I'l iiice lying on tlie Ground, whom he took of a good Family, and confiderablc Fortune ; but who was
i I be dead, he threw hiinlclt on the Body in the utmoft exceedingly troubled in Mind on account of fome Irrcu-
Agony. A Moment after came the King, the Qi^ieen, and larities committed in his Youth, who heard them with
ii:e two I'rincelUs, all of them in a dillraefled Conditio.', Pleafure difcourfe concerning the Truth of the Chriftian
■mC[ .is loon as they law the Prir.ce Iwimming in his Blood, Religion. About two Years after Aharez Faz, a Pcrtu-
aiid l':iuo lying by him, they immciiiatcly concluded that gucze Merchant, came into the fame Country, and becamft
the S(iaiij;er h.id killed the i'rince •, upon which two Sol- very intimate with tlvc fame Perfon whom he perfuaded to
(■itrs advanced with their Swords drawn, in order to cut off go to the Portugueze Settlements in India, in order to be
li:-. Htad; but the King called cut to them to torbcar, converted and confolcil by the holy Difcourfes of the famous
I: ice he was determined !'.e would full extort from him the Fr,incis Xavicr; to which at length he yielded, and having
Ri-..lbn tliat inducni him to commit lo vile a Fac'-l. received Baptilm at Goa in the Year 1548, he the next

The Reafon t-f this Stay of Execution was, Ixjcaufe a Year accompanied Father Xavicr and two other Jefuits in
I't! I.^iore a t.onfpiraty hdc, been difcovercd, tor which their Voyage to Japan, where they immediately entered
l'\ lal IVrlcns had luen executed tlie Day In fore ; and the upon their Miirion ; by the Progrefs of which, this Country

was made fo thoroughly known to the Pur/«_^«f2c, that if
Mtndcz Pinto had not recorded his own Voyage thither, it
is very poflible we had never heard any thing of it at all i
but that he alterwards vilited Japan in Company with Fa-
ther Xavier, and after the Deceafe of that mdullrious
Jeluit, whom the Papills ellcem the Apotlle of the [t:M\-s,
he went thither ag.iiii as Emiianhdor from the Viceroy of
the Indies to the King of Bungo in i5-,6, lb that there
feems to be no jull Grounds lor calling any thing that he
has written in QuelUoii.

The Converfions made in this great Empire conrriinited
not a little to fupport and extend the Pcttu^ueze Trade,
whicli was managed with much Facility, and to a vaft
Profit : I'or the Pcrtiiiuczc being ellablilhed in Chins,
carried from thence vail CJuantities of Silk into Jafian,
where as all Ranks ot People alfect to be cloathed in it.
There followed a prodii^ious Confiiniption, which enriched
the /'e»7tfif«i2f Merchants Very foon lo a hi:\h Degree, tho*
it is fcarcc credible, that as fom.' /.).(.'./> Writers report,
they have fometimcs carried iiouK in one fmall Ship one
),u:,^'.:ed 'ions ot • ; jid, IJvit thi-^ ^.'lodi^iious Succefs proved

K.-if; a,)piehendcdi, without any Kealoii, ihat this Action
naglii 1k' an l-.li'eci: to that Conipiracy. It is not necelliiry
!■ r us to dwell upon all the iittic Circumllanccs ot this A(-
liir; and tluiclore it will be fu.'iicient to obfervc, that
^'^''.) they were on tlie very I'oiiU of torturing Pinto, in
<: liT to make him confefs wliy lie comiritted this detell-
•■• !e Murder, and wiio w.tc his Accomplices, the Prince
v,;v I.ickily c.iiur 10 himlelt, Mv\ teeing how tilings llood,
■ i.'iad. With great Concern, that he alone was in the
'■■:u't, .vkI that the Stranger knew nothing ct' tiie Matter;
*'irn!oie he intrcated that he mii'.ht be let at Liberty, and
'■ivc Leave to come to him, which his l-ather immediately
^■111:^1. It was then propoled, that tlicy Ihould fend tor
■'•: ' id Mon/.e, who lived at levciuy Leagues Dilbnce, to
' '•'■> li.e i'riiict's Woundi, aiui to try il he lould iave his
I i!e. 'I'he voung .Man declared agaiiiit this and laid, he
^■•X'll die hetorc he cam.-, and begi'v-d that he might he
' i' 111 tl.e Hands ot the Stranger, who knew bell how to
'"'•: Willi liim. The King thereupon called lor him, and
■''■^'■•\ il he would un>|. rtake his Son's Cure, which, it he

l.e ldi<

iou'.v! ll.:'i

k h:. Ki:/>lum t.o Im.Ul a R:-

ill

:■

. s

: 1^

V:'^

■ ' i f

ttie

' ' '■■ ii: iJ

'V^^'f^wvm m

ess

The HISro R r of the

\V\: n

%\l

t'il

\ <

«lie Caufc of iheir being at laft deprived of this lucrative
Commerce.

It is not to Itf cxi>crtril, tliat wr lliould cntrr here into
a long and particular Relation ot the Ccvcral 1 .uls which
ilrew upon them, from the (iovcrnmcnt ot '/.pan, that
Prohibition of wliich wc have Ijxikcn to larj;fly m the Ar-
ticle of Ma,iio, ard thcrttorc wc thall only rc(K)tt in ^e-
neral Term?, and in as tew Words as jxiHiblc, the prin-
cijul Caules of that lixciulion. llic vail Wtaltli they
had acquired corruptin;; ilu- Manners ot the I'crtuguezt,
made them lets cautious than they ought to have iKcn,
in their Ik-haviour towards the Japoncff, intiimuch, that
inllcad of the Moderation, Sol)riety, and exadt Londuit
which they at full purlutd, they j;r( w jiroud, intblent and
dilVolute. This prompted liiein to ch.ingc the I'lacri
where they were wont to trade, aiiJ lo preter luch Port*
as were in the Dominions ot inlidil i'riiicfs, to thole in
tiic 'I'crritorics ot tluli: JAfintje I-ords, that had em-
braced the C'lirillian Kclij'ion, tliat they might live as they
thought lit, and witiiout Ixin;; under the Concroul ot the
Millionarics who tcHj.k all the I'ains they could to oblige
their Countrymen lo aelv.mce the Crciiit ot the Chnllian
Religion hv the Ke«;ul.iii!v of their I ivcs. Thcte J-.r-
rors had two very bad Conlcquence^ ; for, tiift, they dil-
giilkd liich I'lincjA as hai embraced the Faith; and, I'e-
coruiiy, thty liardeiud the Infiiich. in their Averiion to it.

Hut ic w.i'i iv5t or.ly the Corruption of the Vtriupicz:
Mirciianis, CVri.er?, and Seamen, that gave Oir ncc to the
I'eople ot t!.iv I'mpne, the Intiij;ues of the Milfoiiarics
thcmlclvcs contrilnitid to it as much, or more, by ex-
iit.itg the Jealouly ut tiic l-.m[->eior i for wherc-cvcr they
hid converted a;;y ot the riiiues ot JAfan, they were
lontiiuially at Court, and inlhad of minding what was
the projK-r Hulincls ot th( Church, engaged at every Turn
ill Affairs ot State, m.iking the Direction ot Confcicnces
much lets their Care than t)»c Direction of Councils, [)y
which they Ix-catr.e the .Authors ot many Troubles, and
atVordcd a Hani.lle to then l-.nemics of charging th'.in
with many more ; lo thu tiic l-.miK-ror of 'Jjpan began at
lall to Kirmilc, that there was more ot I ly|><KTily than
Sanitity in their Hearts anil that they were endeavouring,
under Colour oi laving Mens Souls, to cllablilh a new
(jovcrnmcnt in th.it Country.

Thefc* JeaJouliis, which cirtainly were not altogether
without i oundation, were cxtreamly increaled by two
Circumllancesj the lirll was the ilaughtincfs and 111-
conduCt ot liKh as wcic lent 1 aibalV.niors tlnthir, clpici-
ally alter the I'p.ion of the Lrowr.sot ^jMn and I'crtu^al ;
(or thofe Minilters Were wont to Iwatl ot the v. ill I'ower
ot the Catholxk King, ami (.1 the mighty Ivxtentot his
I3ominions, ot wlrch they allefted to convince the 'fiifi-
Wft, by IheWiMg the Maps ot the Eaft and ll^rjl- Imliti ;
and the Impnivicnce of one of thetc Kmlwll'adors is laid
to have carried him to tar, .is thai on king .liketl how hw
Mailer hail acijuiied liich v.iil rerritones at lo great a
Dillancc tiom his hereditary Dominions, he aniwered, by
lending Millionaries lirll to convert a Fart ot the [nhabi-
tai.ts to Chnilianity, and then letiil; ;• 'JVoops to all.ll the
new Converts in fliaking otf the Yiike of intidrl Primes.

1 he other Liicumllancc W.1S the coming o( tUr Duttu
Shi[is upon the Coat> of yrf,-.ri , for theic iVopIc a])p!y,ng
themfelvesciitireiy to Coinmnce, and lubmitting, tor the
fake ihereot, to wiiatrvcr Idms were prcfcrilK-d t>y the
"Jafimfc^ gainril theretiy fiah a Degree of Conlidcnrc
with their Prin^ej, that it prtKured implicit Creilit to their
Reprckntations, as to the anilntious Dcfigns of the a/,»-
*i(/rjj ar.d t'oriufucZi. 'I hel- Rcmaiks will give the
R'.idfr lo eafy a K'-y to the [olitKal Contiiv.inces tor lirll
rellrainiiig the I'miij^utzt Irad. to a jwrticular Port, and
then (hutting them up as it were in a Prilon, dunng their
Stay 111 th.it I'.;i)pire, at m the lirfl Chapter of this Work
lia» l>ren largf-Iy rrlafd, tiut wc need not lun here into
any H'jifiirions, Lu! (unient ourleives with oblervmg,
t!i.it noiwitliltafiiJiiig the n.aii/ previous Si^ns which the
PcrtUj^Mit had ot tiic appiou' lung Kiiptuir with the 'Ja-
fcnfjr, )tt Wire lixy lo i..r from taking Inch .Steps, ai
in Loiumon Friidcncc they ought to have done, tor avoid-
injj fi) grut a MilLlutf, that on the contrary, Uicy beluv.

ed dady worfc and worfe, till the Siorm rnmc upon th
with luch a Force, as was not to he n I ill id.

I'he ixitticular Relation ot the Subvuiion „( (^i, ;
nity in this f.mpire, will be tound in the liia-uii,,,^ y
lumc, when wc come to treat of the ncitrii.ti;,!! U ■/
pan; at prelcnt wc have only to ohlerve, that th- /'„".
guezc- have k'en deprived ',t this rich Commerce lv rfa
the Year iO.;(), and that all the Attempt, tiny hnel
therto niailc to recover it, have proveil ablolutdy Ir...!]-,,
tiial, nor is it probable, tli.it any they may hcaattcrimk
will be attendeil with any better Sucicfs.

2,v The Country, or Countries lying hym\Jm
CO the North- l':.ill, or North-Weil, h,ive been ui'/avsr
garded, .It leall linre (icography hii beui toirrablv u'r.i'i
(h)Oil, as the very C oal'.nes of tlie \Vti!j, aij [
l-.xtremities i,\ the i-'artli, wliii h CountriLs tl'c yd«c«,
themlelves called ;/(•/», or Jr/o, the Chiiirfc, Tc^i; (ru
wlutKC wc h.ive th: \V(ird' iiii, or Irdzc, by which,
the EKf^liJh atui Duub Maps tliey arc tlilhnijuil'hed. T
tirtl Accounts that were lece iveii ot thele Couiuni-s m
from \\\v'Ja:i.>tf/( t!iernlelvt-s brt aoorciiig to their .Sk
in luch Sciences, extuainly dark ami mcmrfct. 11'
were not able to fay ablohiidy, wlierher tinr own Cut
try was an iilarul or not; ami as fr the ijmi ot hi
they protelicd the utmoll extent cl ihctr Knowlci;'/ to i
that It bcio-igcd to the Prince of Mf! :imi"i, w|;o wau
pendant on, and a 'Jrilnitary to the ]-!:T',;;i'ror oi ','.;?,
Jn the Year U<i ?, Father Cc <);.'<: ';:::, who then i';i,ii:.
the Chiiltian Religion in _'/(//•(.", h.-aiii;; il,,u tiic l'r:r
of Maifuiniit had h nt to 'Jjpan lur a I'Mylician, x\i\\
a Conveit to Lli'rilhaiiity, a Mm ot g.^ui .^in!.', a
quick Parts *'a> jitclKcl iir.(.n t) ;'o over in tl.at i)ui';i
he reeomnanded to hen the taie ot inlbuiliiig rl^ic j'
jile, it a t.iv(.urul)!e Opportunity olliiej, in tiie Lh-i;-.
Fairb, which toinmiira,n tlie I'Lylicia;! txcci. ted with
mu< h /.cal ami I'.ileiity, th.it he ijuickly i;avc Fjthtrt:
jlanr.') a gockl Account ot ins Mill.on, aiUirir.g jum, t;
he had not oidy made many Converts, but that IcMi
the I'eople in gei.eral b ttrr imlnvd to the Chnlaan W
ligioii, ih.in foiilil have bfcn expiiud.

In \(ii \ I aiher Jif^,li<, wlio was then at Tzi'j.n-i, I
m(^ll N'oiihern P.irt ot the lilard ci A.y/'j»r, t',>\\anhn
ny Chrilliai's h.id k-eii baiiilheJ, rcc ived Urilers ih.
Irom his Siijiciior, to go himUit to Ma!jmn.-.y, m
to cultivate the .Seeds of Conveitii n, which i!ie y,
Phyllfian hai fowii, and accordingly thither he wen
tame Vtar by Sea. 1 le ariived very lately in tlic I'l
'lz:iro, iiiul trom tlr ni e travelled through very lui
to A/.i.'yi(w..7v, w!uic he touiul a v.ill Number ol /.'j
amt anionglt them many t hrilt.ans. They lull b
tied tlure hut a few Years, and h.id ken lirawn t,
by the Dilcovery of very rnh [;old Mines in the .N
blmrluxjd of tin. ( ity, and Miiifs (it they may
called, of a very lin,"iilar Kind. Theie is a gnai
palfei by the <.ity ol M.iijumiiy, iiiuviciilely rirh ir,
ihol.- who delire to deal intli.ic C oninio.liiy, j^'-
from the Prince iuch a Pait ot the Kiver, aid tiun
temicirctdar Caiul, weii Irrurrd by llrong Barl.s
which, liy Shiices, the River i* turned, hMViiig 1
nf Its ( har.i ei x. the Advennireis luve agieed t'/f
theme rhev take the Mud, and 1 y lrn]iiiiidy rinc;
otnaiM vA\ (^lai.ririfs of doM liuli'. . m lonieiur.rs
of tiold ot"a confi<:erabIe Bigm U When they
finiflu-d thtir Work, and find tlure is no more dc
Iv: g :>r, th' y fill up. the C anal, ai d by that Muins
the Rivrr baik into its okl Channel, and m the S|«c;
Ye.ir <■: two, it r found a r'.ili in tioM .as ever.
Fath- ■: j1h'i,u iniorms u^ t'l-'t t''<^ N.in*"
Coui.try, wIi'kIi we lall V"->, call it ui tlieir ov.n
goagc, 4incm6\ori, iiut wctc able to r.vc but a vt
dif'ierent Account <<f its F.xtent or SitiMt:oii. '1 ho'*
ple were laip-r, llrongT, and had much better Coir.
oils thai the y<ipo)if/e, and wore lieards liiat reach*
tiieir (.ii.llrs. They were .'relied in f-ng Kobes o!
Cotton, or i.innen, .ictordiiig to tluir Kaik, wl"''
let ofl with Abundance of litth Driuiiii nt^. llit"
were Bow V, Arrows, | ances and thoit Si^oids. In^
ot RJii-ion, thiir Notions w\ir very <.blc.i|- "

Ixi::

Chap. II.

Portuguczc Empire in the Eaft-Indies.

liil'd, but the pre.it Objcfts of their Worlhip were the
.Sun ami Moon. They t.ilk'd likcwiCc of an invifible King
ot tlic Mountains, Forefls, Seas and Rivers, but they did
not worlhip hun. Their Government waj vrry regular
;(,h! fxadt, and thcmfclves the bell-natured and bcll-bc-
iiavid IVoi'li' tlic Miffionary had ever fecn. Their Com-
nimc foni'.ltat chicHy in dried l-'ifl), and in a fort of Seal-
ll^ins, wliidi tiiey exchanged for Rice, Cotton, Thrend,
anil otlier NecclVaries \ for as for Gold and Silver, they
niaile little account of them, but left the Trade in them
to the "faponcze. On liis firft going over. Father An^elis
ttiis inclined to believe, that this Country was the fouthern
I'art ot 'lartary ; but after he had made a longer Stay
there, he in fome meafure altered his Senti-iients, as ap-
ix:ii^ by the following Letter he wrote upc • tliii Subjetl,
wimh IS very curious and entertaining, ami is, withal, the
iitmi'll tliat can tv faid on this Subjedf, from the Lights
!'iv(n us by the Porfugueze.

"^ " I am at prefent perfuadcd, that the Opinion entcr-
" tained as to the Country of rrfo'a being an llland, is
'■ i-ot Nvitiioiit Probability, and the Rcafons upon whi'h I
" (TO, arc thele : In the lirft Place, it is very certain, that
'• this Country is bounded on the I'.ail, and on the South,
" bv the Sea. On the other Hainl, the Land of Tejfoi,
" wiiiJi is the Wfllern l''.xtremity of I'l-Jjo, is likcwife
" 1 cunded by the Sc i, where the Currents are fo vitiknr,
" ilut tho' there is a Country on the other Side the
" Strait, within Sight, and where they arc able to difliii-
" c;uilh the Hovfes tecding, yet hitherto none of the In-
" ha'.'itants of I'fjfo have palTcd over thither, becaufc great
" Qiiantitiesof large Canes are I'.nven with prodigious \'io-
" leiice by thole Currents, lb that if they were to lia/.ard
" tlr.'mfclves in their frnall Boats, they iinift run an appa-
" rent 1 Lizard of being over-let and loll, liom hence I
" conclude, that according to all Appearance, Tejfa hath
" a fourth Sea on the North, which confeqi'ently fepa-
" tiWi it tiom Tarlr.ry. From whence llioukl thofe impc-
" tiinus Currents come, but from a Sea to the North of
" Itilo, running Ealt ami Weft, or from Weft to Eaft,
" .Uill dilchargmg ititif to the South, through the Straits,
'' on the Welt of 2eJo, with fuch Rapidity, as renders
" tl'.tm impalliible to the People of the Country i" "

" i he: kcond Kealbn is, that the Inhabitants of 2'jfo
" :.-x not iHuler the dominion of any one Prince, nor
" have tluy amongft them any Chiet tiiat has a Traft of
'■ Country of any great Conlcqucncc, that is IlibjeCt to
'• l.,;n i they arc likewile far from acknowledging the
" *! if remacy of any Khan of the fiir/./rt, or ft em to be
" n.qiuintcd with that Title, or with any thing of the
'• l;k;- Import i but cvei-y Family, or at KjII ivery little
" Vil'ji;., has a Chief who governs it abf^lutely, and
" without acknowle(';',ing any Superior, which apjM:ars to
" me a ftrong Pioot, tliat they are lepaiated by a Sea
" from all other Countries, lince if it were otherwife,
" thi V wouki undoubtedly be governed as thofe Countries
" arc' I am lenlible, that it may be objected againft the
" lirll I'loof I oiler, that the Currents of which I am
" lixaking, may pollibly be occalioned by the Opening
" 1 ! fume gie.ii River, which dilciiaiges iifelf into the
" S.a, lonicwhat farther to the North, and thereby occa-
" I'uins fuch an Accrllion of Water, as in palling thro'
" thole .Streights, form fuch terrible Currents. But alter
" all, I cannot help elleeming It more realbnable to believe,
'• liiat this Country is bouiulei! on that Side, as well as
'• un the rcll, by an Arm ol the Sea. At leall this is
" tlie moft lommon Opinion, and I remember to have
" f ui in Siiu'v an okl Maj) ol the Woikl, in which the
'• Lain! ot r,'/g is laid liuwn as an llland. As to what
" tiic lnh.il)itatits ot the Country lay, 1 have examined
" tiiole that eame lurni the l.atl, and others who came
" hm the Weft, but lound 'cm all ahke ignorant of
"i..o-r.iphv."

Thus lar this Min'onary, who is the only Portiigufze
tlut li.is wrote feiilibly ujioii this M.ittcr. He does not,
1' "ever. Rem to have been acquainted with one thing,
^^iih he mi'^ht liive learned in 'Jiifiin, and that is,
I'yt tii'jll- Peoph- diltmguilh between the llland ot }'qlb
MOhtirp, that i'., the higher or upper />/»•, from
■1"!!'T It IS very plain, that tluic is both an llland and a

N J M 11. .17.

Continent of rejfo j but we lliali liave occafion to refume
this Subiect, when we come to fpeak of the Difcoveriea
made by the Dutch, on this Side, who were both more
capable of making fuch Difcoveries, and more induftrious
in making them than the Portugueze. It may not be
amils to obferve heru, that the Japoneze informed the
Millionaries, that there lay North-Eaft from their Coun-
try, and to the Eaft of that of Tejfo, two IlTands, of
which the fmallcft, and that at the greateft Diftance, they
call 2'enfima; that is, the filvcr Ifland, and that which is
neareft their Continent, Kiiifiiim, or the golden Ifland ; but
as they have been always very cautious of explaining them-
felves as to the Situation ot theli: Countries, fome Doubti
have arifen, whether there were really any fuch IQands
or not.

However, in the Year 1620, a Ship was fent by Order
of Philip II. of Spain, to difcover them, but without Suc-
cefs ; and the Dutch have likewifc made an Expedition,
with the fame View, to as little Purpole. This may feetn
to juftify the Suppofition of their being fabulous ; but then
on the other hand, there are two Circumftances equally
llrong, that foem to prove the contrary : The firft is, than
there is fucli a Plenty of Gold and Silver in Japan^ as can-
not be accounted for from the Niines known to be ^/rought
in that Country, the other, that tho' the Emperors ot that
Country have granted feveral Licenfes to Europeans, and
jiarticularly to our Countryman Captain William Saris, for
nuking Difcoveries to the Weft and North, yet they have
been always extreamly cautious of permitting any Strangers
to examine their Coaits on the Eaft.

24. The new Philippine Iflands are a late Difcovery, of
which we have an Account in the Philolbphical Tranfac-
tions, in a Letter from a MilTionary at Manila, who tells
us, that being .accidentally at the Town of Gtiivam, in the
llland of Samal, he there found twenty-nine Palaus or In-
habitants of certain new difcovered Iflands, who were driven
thither by the Eafterly Winds, which blew in thofe Seas
from December to May. They had run before the Wind
lor feventy Days together, .according to their own Relation,
without being able to make any Land till they came in
Sight of the Town of Guivam, an Inh.abitant of which lieing
on the Shore, perceived them, and judging from the Make
and Size of their VelTcls, they were Strangers, and out of
their Courfe, took a Piece of Cloth and made them a Signal
of entering the Road he directed -, to avoid the Shoal.^ and
Banks of Sand they would otherwife have run upon . Tht fe
poor People were lb frightened at the Sight of tliis Stranger,
that tlicy b<-gan to put to Sea again 1 yet the Wind forced
them back a fecond time towards the Shore ; when they
came near, the Guivannefe made the fame Signal as belorc ;
but feeing they would not mind it, but woukl unavoidably
be loft, he threw hitnfelf into the Sea, and fwam to one
of the little Veflels on purpofe to bring them fafe into
Sliore. I le w.as no fooner got to them, but the Women
with their Children on their Backs, and all that were \a.
tliat Veftel, threw themfelves overboard, and fwain to the
other. He feeing himfelf alone in the Veflel, refolved to
tollow them, and getting .aboard the fecond, (hewed them
how to avoid the Shoals, and brought them fafe to Land •,
in the mean time they ftood immoveable, and rcfigned
thcmlelvcs up entirely to the Conduct ot this Stranger, as
lo many Piiibners.

The' Inhabitants of Guivam running to Sliore, rcceivt'd
them very kindly, and brought them Wine and other Pro-
vi lions, they eat Cocoas very freely, which are the Fruit ol
the Palm-trVf s of this Country. Their Pulp is Ibmething
like that (if Chefnuts, only that it is more oily, and itfup-
plies them with a fort of Iwcet Water, very plealant to
drink -, they g.avc them Rice Iwilcd in Water, which is
eat there and all over .fia as Bread is in Europe ; thev
looked on it with Surprize, and taking up Ibnio Grains ot
it, threw them on the Ground, imagining them to be
Worms ; upon bringing them Ik ge Roots called Palavan,
they eat greedily of them. In the mean time they brought
them two Women that had lormerly been driven on Shore
on the Co.rft of Guivam, an.l who underftood .1 little ot the
Language of this Cuuntrv •. one of the Women tound
among thefe Strangers one i-f her Relations, and, as loon
as ihey knew each other, they tell a weeping. 1 he Inha

'^' ml

■ Si

'i : i .'

n •; •%

ii., .1

■il ; I '''

690

i:hc HI SHORT of the

Book I

■f .-'

; I

If ' » "1 1' r

bitant« of Cuuim ftrove \vitli culi other who flioulil cntcr-
t.iiii till It; Strangers at thrir 1 loiiUs, ami turnilh thrm with
rrovilioiis aiul Vioaths, aiui other NctolVarici. Ot thirty-
live Fi-rKins that rmlurquril th<ri- nmaincil but thirty, live
ilying through NVant of I'rovilioiis ami otlicr \ lanifliiiis,
ill lo loii{; a Voyage \ and lomc time alter their Arrival
another liieil.

They rehitcil, that their Country ronlilleil of thirty-two
Iilaiui-, whiih iMniiot W far ilillant fioin \.\v Minanm, as
may Ik )iKlj;cii by tiie Smallncfs «)l their Villels ami tlu;
l-o:in ot thiir Sails, whuh are very like thule ot the Mt-
runtje. It is likely, that tlufe Illan^ls may Im: in eleven or
twelve Degrees of North I.atitiule, more Southerly than
the MinSnnf, ami unilcr the fame l.Vgree of IxMigituJc
as CwiJm ; for, tailing tlirecily fiom I'.ili to Well, thry came
alhorc at tirs Town. It is likewifo ; rohaiile, tiiat it was
one of thele lllamls tliat was ilila'vercvl lome Years ago
at a Pittance, when a Siiip bclonning to the riiitpftnri
leaving the eonunon Coiirfe, whieh .s Iroin l-'-ilf to Welt,
iinilcr the thiia Dcyne ot l^ingituJe, ami running laithcr
10 the Svnith-l--ill,"tirll p.-ridvej it. Some calleil this
IllamI C-r;.'.;;.; lilaiul tioni Ci'.irlej 11. of 6'/>m-;;,', aiuluiiicrs
the lilaini ol Saint /)jrn.;'_v, Lxiaule liikovereil on that
Apilllc's D.iy ; anil it was ag.iin feen 1695, by anotlicr
VcMli-1, that a Storm h.u\ ilriviii out ol iis Coiirle in goin{j
from litnee to M.inu'iiis. llKle Strar.grrs aiiileJ, that ot
the tlutty-twi-. liLuuli thric ot thv-m were uniniulnted,
unlclswitli Wiki-lowl, but all the reil were well |Kui'lrei.
L'lxjii a;k:r.g them the Numi>cr i.t inh.ibiiaiits, they [Hjinteil
to a llrapVl Saiui, to ihtw tiiat tiien Number w.is very
great. The Names of thcll liUmis arc Pjtj l.amululuiup,
Hjr.iiH, y,.rjpit\ r.}t,v.\;ri, f\"C.

The three I'.lanJs that li.ivc nothing on them but Wiki-
Tnv', aic Vuuid, ll:uJt.iii, Pi{!;:an. The null 10; 'wkr-
ablc ol all ill! I'c lil.uiils is Ljuiurfc, where the King <... the
Country kce| s his Court, aiv.i to him the tiovcrnors of all
the (jther lllands are fubject. Among tliol'e Strangers,
there was one ot tlie Governors an.l his Wite who was the
Aing's Daughter; though liny went half nakcil, yet their
Carriage, aivi a |Kaihar Air ol CjreatntI , llitricii luly diliin-
^uiihcii them lioin tli:: icil Tiie 1 lulluml h.ul his Ikxiy
painted all over wiih tcrtain Lines, in fuch a manner, that
th'jy formed feveral 1 igure5 ; 1 he rell ot the I'roplc were
alio painted in like manner more or lets. The Women and
Children were not panned at all j there we.-e nineteen NL'ii
aiui te:i Wiinicn of diticrent .\ges ■, the Make and Colour
of their lates weu- much Lke thatot the Pl:.lpfniii(. The
Men had no otir.r tort o! Cloailis than a Salli wrapix-d
ieveral times round their Boilie?, and coveting their Reins
and Thighs 1 they wore on their Shoukicrs about an I'.ll and
an half ot loarle I.innen Cloth, like a Cowl, tied before,
and hanging loofe l>ehiiid. liotii Men and Women dreflcd
niuih alike, only that the Wdiiv-ii had a Piece of Cloth
(oniewhat longtr, tliat luing from their \\ aill I'own to
their Knees. I'heir Language is diiVerent trom that of the
Pb-'.ipptnc^e and .\Ijrian<jt •, their M.inner ot pronouncing
COOKS neaiell tliat ot the .Irahs, and lome who underllcKxl
the languaf^t oblcrvcd the Women tlut li-ciiied tlie moll
coiir;derable amcngtl them, had feveral Kings and Neck-
lacts o> Toitoilc (l.tlls, called lure dirry ; and others made
o! a Subliance n.uch like .Amlx-rgreere, In.t not tranfparent.
Tlie Manner of tlieir living at Sea, which was for Icver.ty
Day. together, continually driven by the WimI, was thus:
Tluy call out a hut ol Net made ol a great many rwi;:s
of Trees tied together, with a large Muuth tor the Tilli to
t.itrr in at, ami tcimiiutinj', in a I'oint, to j.revcnt their ga-
ting out. 1 he lilh they t(^jk ..Iter tins manner was all
tlie Nourithmciit they ha;!, and i<.iin- Water iaveil inCocoa-
IhclU, which 15 the liuit of tl'.e I'aliii-trees, and ol the li-
t;uri- and Size ol a Human Skull.

'They have no Cows ill their lllands, and at the Sight
f.'f thrin they lun away, as they did likewile at ilie Balk-
ing ol a Dog i iKithei have tluy Cat', S[.igs, I lories, nor,
in general, any (Juadiujxd, n(jr any 1-owl, but .Sca-lowl,
ixteptmg Hens, whuh they breed up, but never eat their
Lggs. N^tw.thnanding this their Want ol every thing,
they arc very ciie-uful, and contented with their Condi-
tion. Their Songs and I)an<es are (X.tct and regular i
when they lii<y 11 u aii in Coi.i-c;t, tvtry one oblcrving the

fimc I lumoiir and Geftures, which makes it very i^
ble. 'I'hey were furprizcd at the Government llltrJ'^,'
and Manners of l\^. Europeans. They aJn, 'red nS
the Solemnities and Ceremonies of the Church i 1
bratinj; the Divine Service, but alio the Mulick Inli
ments. Dances, and Arms of the S}anui,ds, a'nd rt
IHiwder was what lurpriicd them moll. Tluy ^ond
at the Wlutenels of the European!, in refptct of uk
they were jx-rtedly tawney, « well as the Inhabitants
this Country. It did not then ap()e.ir, that thcv had a'
Knowledge either ot a Deity, or that they worlhiuD
Idols. Their Lite IS jKrlectly lavage, minding nodu,'
Init eating anddrinking,iii which they oblervc no let Tin
or TIaee, when hungry or dry, and when they can hi
.iny thing to latisfy Nature : Vet they eat but lit'lc at
'Time, and never enough to latisty lor a wliofc Da
'They fliew much RetpeCt and Deference for their Km
and the (iovernors ot Towns, and obey then very pu'i
tually. Their Civility and Reli>eCt conlills m taking ho
ol tlie Hand or Foot of the Terlon they would hunoi
and gently rubbing his Tace.

.Amongll their Utenlils they had fomc Saws, not ma
ot Iron, but of a large Shell, called here Toulubo, whi,
they nib .;nd whet upon a certain kind ot Siunr. Th
were lurpri/ed to lee the Nuniljer ot CaipeiitLTS To;
ut'ed in building a Merchant Ship at (Jicviwi. They ha
no Metals in their Country. The Tather-Minionary nu
each ot them a I'rcfent of a large I'leee tit bun, W.i
tlicy received wiili as nun h J. 7 u^ it it had been to mu
Gold i and tor tear it Ihould be Hole from thtni ih
laid it under their I leads, when they went to llctp. Th
have no other Arms than lances or Darts, m.idiot hum
Boms, very well niarjened, .iiul lixid on. Tky ;
naturally very p. .iccable ; but if any (^urrel h-i";
atnongtl them, it is decided with lomc l.tiy Cuti'iont
1 le,ui, which yet very rarely happens •, tor when th
would come to a clofc T'iglit, they lejiaratc them, a
they arc lixin reconciled again. Tjicy are not du.l a
heavy, but, on the contrary, have a great deal ot l.ivt
ncli ami Courage. 'They are riui lulultyas the hihabiu;
ol the Mariiinns ; yet tluy are well proportioned, j
(ha[xd much like thole of the Pi.:i:ppi>ui : IJoth the N:
and Women let their I lair grow long, and hang loole
their Shoulders. When tin y um'erltood th.it they w
to be conduClcil to the IVelence ol tlic 1 athu-Miliior.a
they painted their Bodies all over witli a ye'.ow Lou
whuh IS lookeil upon by t!Km as a great Onaa.eiu.

'The (ildell ot thele Stiar.gers wa^ ome Ixlure call
the Coall ot Caragan. 'They aie very expeit at diving, ,
they laid, that in tilliing they took two lai;;c I'eails 111 1;
Shells, but threw tliciu into the Sea again, not know
their Value. The New Piuippincs are ei^lity-lcvcn
NumU-r, ami toiin one ot the tii.dl .IritipeU^o's in
Tjll, Lxringencloled on the North and .South ktwccn
Line and the 'Tropic of Cancer •, on the I'.all and V
Ixtween the Murianns and Piilippmei. The Native
the lllamls never otl'er any Viokiicc to each other: N
ilcr and 1 lomuide are unknown to ttuni ; and tluy 1
a Trovcrb amongll them, '.:z. That one Man never
another. It is prob.ible, theie lllamls nuy aboi.:i.
Gold, .'\mb«r, and Diugs, being titu.it.-v! ne.iriy undci
lame Degree ol Longitude as the M.^iiuoi, whcntc
have Nutmegs, and other valuable Spices.

'Though thele Teople Irem barbarous, yet they
amongll them a fortot I'ohienelsand regular Ijovcrr.:;
every liland olKys his Cliict, who is liinikil luiijeCt it
King ol the Country. 'I'hi. Tnnce holds liis Cuurt :;
liland ot /j/a, calleel likewile Lmurec. 'Tliuui',:i
lilands were never heard ot m t.urope till within iliei-
fcw Yeats, it IS a king Time lince, trom the hi^h .M
tains ol Hiimal, thick Smoaks were dileovered en
Coall, whuh commonly hapjHii 111 Summer, when
lilaiulrrs let Tire to their WckkIs and Torells, to tfa
theCjround: Thele Smoaks the lillieriiieii ot .1/;
nao, and other lllamls, had alio oblerved when laroi
Se.i,

1 here have l>een fume Objcdicns made to this
count by lome ot our Writris, who have re|xjrtcd 1

luccinctly, an.l thereby cmbarralltd tlicmlclvcb hy

' ' toun

.HUB*-.- IKi-.M.'Ot'i U»

i lll.li.li' to Illb

Chap. II.

Portuguezc Empire in the Eaft-Indlcs.

(iC)\

founding their own Senfc of Things with that of their «« they pointed to the N. N. E. They acldcj, th.it to the

Authors. It has, for example, been qucftian'<d, whether «« S. S. W. and to the S. S. K. there lay two other Iflands,

there be not Inconfiftencics in thcfc Accounts of the Indi- «' one of which was called Mcrieres, and the other Pouh.

„„s f It is fuggofted that, as no European ever was in that " When we were very near the Land, I fcnt my under

Country, fo the Belief of fuch an Archipelago of Idands «' Pilot to found, that I might bring the Ships to an An-

cannot be eftablirtied on any rational Foundation •, and that «' chor. The Shallop being arrived within a quarter of a

there is a vifibic Abfurdity in the Indians being feventy «• League of the Idand, thirc came off tlirce Boats full of

Djys in pafTing from a Country, the Smo.ik of which was " People, and fome of them going on Board our Shallop,

feen from the Mountains o^ Mindanao. This Humour of " one of the Indians took notice tijcrc of a Sabre, which,

Rcafoning away Fafts, is fo ftrong at prefcnt, that though " after he had, for fome time, confidered attentively, he

I have already taken up more Room than I intended, yet «' jumped into the Sea, and took it with him. My under

1 cannot forbear adding another Relation, with rcfpeft to «< Pilot reported, at his Return, that there was no fit

thcfe in.inds, of a rnucli later Date, viz. in the Year " Ground for Anchorage, inafmuch as there was a great

1710, bccaufe I think it will put this Matter out of Dif-
pute, and bccaufe, hitherto, it has never appeared in our
Langu.igc.

" The VcfTel in which we emb.irked, in order to profe-
«« cute theDifcovery of the Iflands ofi'fl/rtw.wascallcd the
" Holy Trinity, and her Crew confifted of eighty- fix Pcr-
«' fons : She was commanded by Serjeant-Major, Don
«' Irancis Padilla, who carried with him the Reverend Fa-

•• Depth of Water, and a rocky Bottom all along the
•' Shore. I afterwards fcnt .mother Man on the fame Er-
" rand, who quickly returned with the fame Anfwer.

•' All this Time I had made a fhift, by keeping under
" Sail, to ftem the Current which ran very ftrongly to
" the South-Eaft, but the Wind failing in the Evcninr,
•' we began to drive at large -, the Indians then got into
" their Boats to go afhore. Our Millionaries laboured all

«' thcrs Duberon and Cortil, Jeliiits, accompanied by Bro- " they could to keep them on Board, but could not prevail

•' tlicr Stephen Baudin, who were made Choice of to
" propag.ite the Faith among thcfc Idanders. It was on
" the Fourteenth of November, in the Year 1710, that I
«' failed from the Philippine Illands, in order to find the
" Iflands of Pataos, fu|)pofing my Departure to be from
•' the l.at. of 13" 9', and from the Long, of 144° 22', I
«' navigated fifteen Days, as I have marked in my Ch.irt ;
" and, on the 'I'hirtieth of November, we difcovcrcd I^nd
" to the North-Eaft 3' towards the North, h.iving obfcrved
•' 4 or 5° Variation to the Eail in this Courfe, the Land
•' lying from us about three Leagues.

" We made Sail again in order to approach nearer,
«' when it appeared, th.at there were two Iflands, which
«' Father Duberon thought fit to call the Illands of 6V. An-
•' drttv, bccaufe, on the Day that we difcovcrcd them,
«' the Church celebrated the Feafl of that great Apoflle.
'< When we were very near thefe Illands, we perceived a
" Boat coming to us, in which were Ibmc of the Inhabi-
" tants, who cried out, when they were within hearing,
" Mapia, Mapia, which is as much as to fay. Good Peo

upon them by any Means. They talked with theni,
" however, fome Time, on the firfl Principles of our Re-
" ligion, and taught thtm to pronounce plainly the holy
" Names Jeftis and Marin. We allied them feveral
" Qiicflions as to the Bigneli. of the Illand, and the Num-
" ber of its Inhabitants. They anfwered, that the Ifland
" was about two I. (agues and a half in Circumference,
" and that very probably tl-.tre might be eight hundred
" People, who lived chiefly on Cocoa, Fifli and Salads.
'• I obfcrved the 1 Icight of tlie Sun at Noon, and found,
" that we were in the Latitude of live Degrees lixteen
" Minutes North, the Variation of the Compals at Sun-
" rife being about 5° to the N. F.

" The Currents carrying us away to the South-Eafl
" with great Violence, we were not able to recover the
" Land till the fourth, about Six in the Morning. We
" then found ourlilvcs at the Mouth of the Channel, bc-
*« twixt the two Illands. I then fent the Shallop once
" more to look for an Anchorage ; it was to no Purpoie,

for .about 4 in the Afternoon they returned with an

" pic. A Palaos, who had been b.aptized at Manila, and " Account, that the Coall was an entire Rock, and that
" whom we carried with us, Ihewed himfelf then, and " ' " " "' " ' ' a„„i.„. r*.,

«' f[K)kc to them : As foon as they came on Bo.inl, they
" informed us, that thefe Illands were called Sonforol, and
" that they were Part of the Archipelago we Ibught for.
«' They exprelTed a gre.it deal of Satisfaftion and Joy at
" the Sight of us, which they tctlified by kifling our
" Hands, and embracing us.

" Thele People are extremely well fliaped, and of a
" very robutl ConlVitution ; they were nakeil, except that
" .about their Middle they wore a Piece of Mat. Their
" H.iir was curled ; they had very little Beard, and, to
" defend ihemfelves from the Rain, they won. upon their
" Soiildcrs a kind of Mantle, made of a thick fiirt of
«' Mat, and, on their Heads, Hats of the fame fort of
" Stuff, round which they iUick Birds Feathers upright.
" 'Ihey were extremely furiirizcd to fee our People fmokc
" Tobacco; and, of all things feemed moll to elleem
" Iron i-Jnd whenever they law it, they gazed on it infiieh

«' it was to no Purpofe to let go an Anchor. On the
" 5th, about 7 in the Morning, the two Fathers came to
" a Relcjlution of going alhore, and fetting up a Crofs.
" Hon Pnd.l.'a, and my fell', r;-prelentcd to them the Dan-
" "crs to which they would be ex[H)l"cd, and how much
*» they had to fear from thefe Illandcrs, with whofe Tem-
" per we were In little .icqiiainred, and how much they
" might be emharr.ifleil, in ente the Currents carried iis to
" fiich a Dillaiue as might put it out of our Power to
«' tend a Boat to bring them o!:", or to afford them any
" Affiffance. Their Ze.il w.rs fo w.irni, that they madt;
«' little Account of thele Dilltcnltie'i, but pcrfifted firmly
" in their Re'.jliition, in fnitc of all we could lay. At
" lafl, thcrcforr, le.iving Brotlur P,aiidin on Bo.ird the
" Ship, they went into the Sh.illop, faking with them the
" Ouarter- Mailer of the VellM, and the Enfign of the
" I'^Tind Force' we had on Hoani : They likewife carried
" with them the Pulnos I have before mentioned, together

anunneras'vifiblybctraye^l how miieh they coveted " with his Wile ami Children.

■•' •■ .,,■.■ . - r. " 'I'liL. two Millionaries bung gone, we kept near tlie

" it : And in cafe we did not undcriland their dumb
" Signs, they made no Difficulty of carneflly anil Ire
" quently demanding it. In the Afternoon there came oil
•• two other Boats, in each of which there were eight
" Men 1 as foon as they came near us, they began to Img,
" beating Time with their Hands upon their Thighs.
" When they were on Board, fome of them began to
*' mcafure the Length of the Ship, taking it for granted,
" th.it it W.1S made of a fingle Tree, while others counted
" our Number of Men. 'f'hey brought us fome Loaves,
" fome Filh, and fome Herbs.

" Thefe Illands were .ill covered with Trees to the Sca-
" Shore. Their Boats appeareii to us very neatly made, in
•' which they made ufe of Smaek-Sails, havinga Lee-Board
" on the other Side the Boat, 111 order to pref^rve it from
" going over. We defircd them to Ihew us which w.w the
" Cwuric to the htQuli of their Illands, or Punicque, and

Illand all Day, by the Favour of the VVinil, notwith-
" Handing the Force of the Current •, but towards the
:' b'vening, the Wind llink, and wc were driven out toi
' Sea. Wc put oi-t Lights from the Time it wns dark,
'' on the Bolt-fprit, and alfo on the Mizcn-mall, that
" they might fee where we were. During the Night, we
" h.id fome Gulls of Wind from the N'ortliFafl, the
" North- Wefl, the Wefl and South-Fall, fo that in the
" Morning at break of Day, we founil the largelt of the
" two Illands bore from us, N. N. W. dittaiit about 8
>■<■ 1 .eagues. We endeavoured tiom that Time to the 9th
" at Noon, to get as near the Land as wc could, buc
•' without EtVeft ; nay, the Current drove us flill farther
" and farther, fij that' I found myfelt in the Latitude ot

" 5° 28' N.

»= Wc

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7hc IIIS7 RT cf the

Bools I,

«• \Vc tlirn hflvl a Council of NV.ir, in onlrr tn ronfuiir
«» wliat L'oiiric w,- ihoulil take. Dun Pa.li.'Ia, the I .ly-
»• Idiiit, my Sub IMot, ami niylcif, wen- ol Opinion, tiut
•' t!)'- \\\\ltt thini; we roulil ilo \\.is W llcir lur the lll.inii
«' of ranlofir, flu- i.irgcll ot thclc Iflc?, .ii.ii which wjs
•' dilbnt from that we hail quim\l aboiu f.lty I.>agijes. It
•' was ;i'miit nine o'clock in the Morninj^ul the nth, tlut
" we liiilovrrcil that Illanil •, at Ncxin wc 'vcn- \n the l.a-
«' titiiiie of 7" 14 North, tin- l.ani.1 Ixin^j about a Ixaj^ue
•' tjfV. At lovir in the Atternoon canir oil" tour Btjafi,
" which kept at tii'- DilLuueot '-'.xnit h.iltaCaUK '■- I.enj;th,
" arni wae loor. aitrr lollown.! by two other Ikiats 1 at latl
" fonie of t!.c People jumjx'ii ovtr-lH)ai\l into tin Sia, and
•' fw^i on lioard of us, with Intent, as it appratiil, to
«• Ileal ai y fhi-,g tluy couKl lay then 1 lanils on. One of
•' them laid hoKi of an Iron Cham, and pulled at it, in
♦' holies cf brcakinn; it ; another cat^ hed hold (4 a I lani-
«' mock that wa'^ huni» out to dry, and a third was cndca-
" TourirR to get in at a Tort hole. I"Km Padtlh confider-
•' ing t'le Behaviour of thde I'eople, thought proper to
•' put t;ie Solditrs under Amis thirc Ixing at leall tour-
•' Icore Men in tluU- lix Boats, and at the lair.e lime nude
•• ii .Sigii to the Illan.'ers to ku-p a: a niftancc.

" L';x)n this tliey began to row towards liie Sliorc-, but
»• at tlu.r going oH', let t'.y a Shower of Arrow?, lour of
•' wi;ich lell on Ho.u-d our Ship. Don l\i.!iii\t then thoup.ht
•' !:t to or(I;T a gtntral Ddi-hargi ot our lire- Arms •, up'in
" wlui-li the /«i/«j»j jumj>cdoV(r-lx)ard, having their \cl-
«» felt, and hvimii.ii g towards the Shore at a \ rod;giou5
" R'tcj but Nvhen I hey found ih.it wc gave over firing,
*' they returned to their Boats, remibarqued, anii made tor
" ihc J^and as tall as they were abl'. Tiiele In.{:.:iii were
" all o! them n.iked, and fomc had painted their Boiiics
«' of diftircnt Colours. Their Skin is generally of j^n
•' Ohvc Colou! ; but fomc* were darker Ikinned th.in
*' othtrsi they had. nothing witli tlum that we law, but
" a nw Cocoas. t>n tlic 12th we had little or no Wind,
•' to thai It w.i.s as mui li as wc coul 1 ilo to continue in our
" St.ui')n, w.'.uh we dkl all that Day without approaching
" iieai the I.-aiid. About tour in the Atternoon tliere came
" olV twi Bi-ats, who made Signs, and fpoke to us i but,
" as wc hau 1.0 li terpmcr, wr wee rot able to kar:i whac
" they laid. Alx)ui Nine at Night the Wind blew South-
*' .S( utii-Iia!\ ajid the Curm.ts letting llron:;ly to the
" Ni rth, tarried us away at a c'riat Kate. 1 then thought
" tijc ir.oll prudent thing I could do was t'j l.ul bc-tween
" two ol ll.ell- lilaiu's, the Ch.ir.el being very open aiul
" i..;;, and alxjui a League over. On the 13th, being to
" tki \\ eft of tluL two IlUn>:s wc held a Council, in
" lidtr to confider wlut Mealures wc were to take, and
• it w.is very fx)n refoivcd to lx.ar away t~r Scnforol^ in
'* oni.-: to Itarn !ome News ol our Mur.unaries, and ot
" (-,ir Sh.ilh'p. On t!i'- iStli, 1 tound myhlf ubreall oi'
" that I'.land. Wc Ly thert the wliole l)ay without lo
" mueli as fc^i:ig a Boat, though we were within Lannon-
" iTioi of the S;,Qre. We coalUd round the Well Side of
" the Idan;! till the 20th, when a liigh Gull of Wind
*' tiom the .South-Fall I'rove us out to Sea.

" On t!ic 2iil we again drew r.tar t:ic Coall, and by
'« Iwo in the .•\ttern'<on were within three (.^lartcrs ol a
*' l.Aague ot the Shore, witliout jK-iceiv.ng any Boat. In
" the Kvening we were driven to Sea again by an ilail-
" North-l'Ull Wind, ujx>n wliiih we held another Coun-
" cil, m which, after mature Delilicration on the Circum-
•' Itances we were in, wiihout a Shallop, m fume want of
*• Water, wuIkji.c knossing wlier;- to get any, it was rc-
" loived to leiurn to MuniLi, wl.ieh wc did with lome
" Dirtkulty, b<ing lorced to make the 'I'our ot MindanAo,

carrying nothing back but the melancholy News of the
*' l.ols c'l tiie two wortr.y lathers wc carried out."

It api>ears darly imm this F.tlution, that it w xs jicnned
I y the Captain ot the Willi, ihouuli he has not thought fit
to iiitorm us oi Ills Name. Better 1- videiiec than this ot
there iKing llu h an Are!iii>ela;v) cannot be ilelircd, iho' at
tiic la'iic time it mull be conlciled, that this Account givcj
1.4 a very clilTerent N< tioii of thole I'eople trom that lug-
g'jllcJ by the tormer Narratives. In 1711 another Attempt
w.is m.i .1 ot tli.i kiiid, v,hah ended as unluckily, funic
fc! th;. J'.lu.ii iiiiei.Jcd lor itic M.liio; , dying at Sea, and

other; perilliing m theli« llUnds a< vrrv probiblvtW 1

that ate mcntionril in the foicgi.u,,. V,',)a,,,^ ' "■"*'

as. I« lus been generally b.hrved. tlut'.hefe l,i,„j,,

/'^,.;«r are near the I'Luftiun, .,nd the l.uie *,i|, ,;,, ':.™ ';

were dikovered by a .V/>,jm/;!» Captain m the Year .^v''

and who in Honour ot Churla ih.- .S,-oiiul ot 5/)d,, |.

them the C-r.-.,W llUndsi but I think tl.ul' Uv .n,.

the South. On the Mth, and on the nil ot yl""- '

there arrived in the IilamI ol (;u.;ih the lar^rlluf the \',\

pelago calleil th: .\kr.,iiiNf lllands, tw.. Boats lu'l'uf /

tiiJHs, who laid they ciiibaKiiied luiin ji. Idaiij ul!-"

Sunjilcf, in Older to go to another at a linji Uillaucetcon

It called f/v, and were diiveii ihither by a btorn

Vdiel was titled out totally tlu u\ hon|/, .mj |.,',„, J

.Accounts given by thole who ss.ie on H.uia ihm \\.iTi

it very dearly appeare^l, ilui ih-- l.iil namul Ill.iiiJ wjson

ot thole called thi C.irJint llkuids, lying m i'* Latituik,

6° North. It IS laid, that theli' lll.uuU belong to 4 Urc

ArchiiH-l.tgo dividcil like the MMiin into live I'lovmu

and inhabited by v.irioiis Nations of vny i illimuUilaus

Some Negroes, liipiHilcil lo be cd the lame K.icc \vit|, ti,

Inlubitants ol Nui.' liuima, otheis ta\Miy, like the h,i,u,.

in the Plulif>pinfj, and a thud fiti jniUaly white, im

poled to Ik ilir Dclcendants ut (iitaiii Sf.iiii.^rui, whu,

the Year i.^itj were Ut on Shore by then Cimmamla

lor Mutiny, in a Voyage liym Nca/ Ifpjin to the Phut

!':nei. '

W hilc thefe People werr on Shore at Gujm, they lii

fume Silver Plate, aiul alter conlideiing it .ittciuivtly, q

clared that they had a great deal ol that Mttal iiuh:

lllands, whidi gave IXcalion for the litiing out jome Shit

from Guam, i,n the Dili.overy of thole IiJaiiiis, m ih

Year ly^i; but what the l-'ate ol that l.xpcdmoa waj,

not come to our Knowledge. It is cfitaiii, tlut a vc

great Diliovery might be m.ide on this .Suic, b(Lai,lc, fror

what IS alreaily known, it is vny i lear, that there is

continue' 1 Chain ol lllands in the I .ongitu.ie ol .lUmt ito'

from the Line, or rather tiom the Continent of AV» G.«

».•(.», whieli Iks in the 1 atitude ot h' S. to the lilamli, t.hj

m.ike a Part ot the Auhi;'|)cl,igo ol Jafi.m, m the L::i

tude ot ^2' N. and as it u certain, that t!ic Inlulntantsc

the kill mentioiiid Arihirpdaj'^o ad,nowl;i'j;i they tcteiv

rd great <^ui.iitu\ ol .Silver liont an Ulaiul whuh licst

th" Kail ot them, it is not at all iiiipiolMl!;', tlu[ nu:;

i.di Metals might Ik" lound in lome of the many Ifiaii.

wii:ch loim the Cham belorc nii ntioned.

But tins, howrvir, IS not the Diti.ovrry that I nea:
antl thircloie I Ihall explain myldl a little farther. It
Settlement was made on any ol thclc lllaii.ls, or in j:i
Illand to the Lall of them, it might allbid an Ojipo.'t;
nity ot vifiting the great Continent, if in Truth there 1
any Continent Ivis^oen .Imnii.i and .///.;, it, perlvips,
might lead to the Dilcovcry of luiiie eonliderablc Llar.i
b.ciwccn .imtriiu and ,//ij, \slndi, trom tluir Sitintioi
might well be exjK tied to abotiiul in rich Coninioditif
but particularly in lilvcr Mine, lime it is eonlelVc\1, th
the nchell ot t!i"tc- hiihrrio diliovered arc in the Northc
Parts ol 'Jiipan and ot .!m,Hi.i. It it lliould be objcch
that the rich lilvei .Mines ol J'HrJi he in S^mb Amtruj,
aniwer to that, this niakes i.ither loi, than a^ainil n
Op.nion, Ue.iui • tlu y Mr veiy near I'le l.iine Itrprcc 1
Soutii latitude that the rich .Miiirs et A'<«| A/.-.v/.i; a
to the N. that is, a little wilhiii lorty Degrees. Butt;;
IS not all, lor it any lueli lllands could be diUuvtrcil, tl:i
would aiVord us m Oppurtuiniy ot h.inhiiig ssuh i,;.
b-il- lor a Palkige dtlur lo i!i.' N, I'., or N. W. \cli;.h
JL Point ol very gieat ImiHiiian. e, and at hidi, lu; Ik
treated very judicioully by Mi, DJ'hu in l.i,iic»l his I.1
Pieces, which, liHiiur ot lalet, may veiy p';ob.iljly "^
duee fonic IulIi Diltuveiy.

Wc have now p.oi.r through all that wc prcipotld ^*
reli>ect to tins Pan ot oni Subi'*'. and tlie Lit;ht:i g:^
u by the Lxpidiiions ol the I't^tiu^ut!/ .mi ^f,imai\ii'
tnr. Side. It next lemainslo lluw how that pruJ;!;ie
power which thole Nations had .nquir-d m the ha
crumbled, and bloke to iVco, noiwithllaiuhiig llie iw
A(hMiitac;es they h.ul lor pieleivinj', it i and wL.it Ihll i
mams in Ihrl. /»J/.i uiidi r the Duiiiiniuns ol the Crow
gt Poilsuut : W hidi, when v.\ have jiuluin'eJ, tiie K'

tlicic lll,ind; (,f
ntliilioliwLj;,,
111' Year loiii,
"t Spain, tiilcil
<■'': Uy muicK,

Oiywi l;;o,

•« ot tlic Arihi.
ioats lull uf /„.

" ln.Uld LlllfJ

II UilUiicc i(oni
>• •» 'Storm. A
. -i:!!.! I.om till:
uiil I hat VcfliI,
il lll.iiuUaso;i,'

I I '».■ Lit miller,;

'clung to i Uijv-
-> livi I'loviiu ,
ilVircntliiU;;^:
ic K.ICC wuli the
I like the hiim:
aly wliite, liii).
■jm.irui, whu m
i.it L'liinimr.i'.tfs

III! 10 lllC i'i);.;p.

Cliap. II. Portugueze Ewphr /'/v //j,- Eaft-Indics.

693

iliT will have a much more compkat Hilloiy of the For-
imiiezf Indies, and that too in ;i much narrower C'oni|).ils
th,in is any where tlfc to be met with. In ticitir.^ ol thi:.
SiiljjciU I have, tti the iitmull ol' my I'owrr, !,ib.)'.ir >! to
draw rogi'tlur fiuli Cirtumll.intfs as were moll Li^iiy to
umtribiita to the RcaJcr'.s Intorm.ition, ami to (uiiir(^>,
with the greattll Propriety, the ancient and iiUHk'rn Com
nil ice in this Part ot the World ; and, at the lame time,
I have been very careful to omit nothing that mipht enter-
tain or divert him. As to the particular Memoiisot the
Pcrtugutze Governors their Dilinites with the Av.//..;/
I'rmces, and with each otlu-r, they would have Iwill. d
this Se-ttion to an tnormuus L.enpth lo a very iittli^ I'lir-
pole ; and befides, the Reader will meet with enough on
this head in other Places. 1 (hall puillie tin- lame Metliod
in the lubl'equent Articles, and fliall enduivour to jmuu
out bi icily and truly the Caufcs of that ilrangc Rivolutiun
wluch lias happened in the Polu^^uize Trade •, the ratlur,
bccaiirc 1 an) convinced the I'.uik- Cuills will produce like
LiVedh, in regard to the Trade ot all utlur Nations.

26. The Care taken by the I'crtti^iifze to ellablidi tlirin-
felvcs tirmly in all the principal Pores of the fmiies, was
of prcat (.'onfeqiience to them, lonhdering the Cir> urn-
lkin.es und.er which they began their Commerce in t!v I'e
Parts i for, at that Tunc, the Indian Princes wei\- cmija^ed
ill cruel Wars againft each other ; and the M,'.Kinm!\ui>h
taking Aiiv.inuge of this W'.ir, endeavouring to m.ike
thcnifelvis Mailers ot every Country in which iliiy wire
permuted to trade •, lb that it mull be admitt> d, the Pcr-
tuguizc had, at lirfl, fome Ucal'on for makin[; L le of
Arms, ami infifling on a Fortrcis wlure-ever tliey el'a-
lilillicd a 1-adory, becaufe tiie one was necclkiiy lor tuc
Saurity of the other i but in tliis they were oiaiiieiiii; ,
tliat they atVeited to govern with an abl'oltin- and iii;con-
troulable Power every Country into which they came,
inlle.id of chcrithing and fupporting the Indians, as tl'..:y
might have done, to their own great Profit, as well as
cut of thole unhappy People, who, from their own Dif-
Itriior.s and ill Management, became lite Prey of every
i.iw Invader.

If tke Pcrtugucze iiad taken this Step, they had, un-
lioiibtedly, fecured this rich Commerce to thtmlelvcs ;
whereas, by th< ir Tyranny tiny made the Inhabitants
wc.iry of them to the lall degree, and reaiiy, whenever
«a Opportunity ollcred, to change their Mailers. It mufl,
howevei, be allowed, that the Method they piirfued lerved
t.i [;r.it,ty their Vanity exceedingly, inalmuch as for above
I Century they governed tiie Indies at their Will, and
were the lole L.oids o.' that rich and e.xtenlive i'lade, none
ol the li-.diiin Nations being allowed to carry on any Trade
it all but by their PermilFion, and under the Sanclion ot
their Pall'ports. i'hey carried this Matter flill farilu.r ; lor,
with rciJKCl to the richcll Commoilities, they rekrvrd the
Privilege of dealing in them to their own .Subjeifls entirely,
fee h .is in tlie Cinnamon of Cfylon, the Wikl Cinnamon
ot Ccihin, Ciinger, Iron, Steel, Lead, Tin, Copper,
Hianks TimlH.-r for building, all forts of Arms, Honey,
;i!ul Pepper. Th.elt; Regulations, both with refpecl to
Riliix)rts and relerved Comtiioditii', together with a
Power of viliting llich Siiips as put into any of the I'orts
unilijr their iminediate Dominion, continued in Force for a
loni; .Series of Time, and was not totally abolilhcd till the
Vur iO;8, which was One hundred anil fourlcoie Ye.iis
alter their tirlt F.llablifliinent in thole I'arts.

Diiimg the belt Part of this I'ime, they difpolcd, as
die I'uiJieme Lords of India, of all the rich Commodities
italTorded, lending home annually fifteen or twenty large
■^hips, kidtn with the moll precious Merchandize ot the
Fall, exclufive of the i'lolits they inade of their Com-
iii.ree m t!ie hdin tliemfelves, .i ul the adjacer.t Coalls of
■ U'ricu, VIZ. to China, Japu'i, i'lrfia, Jn:l-ia, Mdtnda,
Mii'mii'}!u, and Sofala. ' I.-J}':n became, by this Means,

the gieat< ft Port for Trade in Europe^ to which the Ships
ot all Niuiois tif)rted for the Commodities and Manu-
taef:res <.i thek dilUnt Countries, the bell Part of which
wer ' paid lor 111 (iold and Silver, and, for the reft, the
Ml )li valuable Poduds of thcfe Nations were exchanged \
lo that the whole ot this Commerce w.as in the Fianils ot
the Por'ujit.'czc, who let whatever Price they thought lit
up.on what th-y imported, and fold at t.xcellive Ratts ta
tnher EuropiWis, what they h.vl purdialed in tjie I'l.iiit
tor coarle Stiill's, Needles, Knives, Gluts- W,,;e and other
'l'liiiii',s ol very little Value. In confequ eiie. (jf which,
they bec.ime, liy lar, the lithtll trading iSatmii, and, a:
tlie lame time, the moll ptent maritime Pow>.r in this
Part ot the W'orkl ; and lo, fur a lo:'g Time, they iiirlit
liave coiitiinied, if, from their own Millakes .nnd the f.i.i
Ule they made of their Power and Ruhe:, rlr y had not
excited other N.nlons to a Refolutiun of takiiu',, at all
Flvent^, this rich e,ommeiee out ot their Hands 1" a 1 oiiit
that It will become every Natrni to eonlider, that finds it-
I it in the like Ciicumitances i lor Trade is not to be con-
lliained or monopolized : And tno' tlie coritiary of this
may, for fome 'I'.iiie, appear true, yci, Ibc;. r or )af r,
ivi.iy Nation that aiils as th:- Pcrtu^u.Zi di-.!, v.'ih be fenrdile
01 the l.;mc F,lfa-ts \\\wh happened to ;hcm m the Indus.
27. It w.is tuw.irds the latter Fnd of the lixtecith Cen-
tury, that the t.nj^iiju \i\\'\ Dutch began, as we have be-
fore lliew.!, to interfeie with the Portu^iiczc in thelt' Parts,
but they VL,y toon, by ihe Ailidanceof the Natives, took
trom them the moll conlkier.ible Places they pon-flcd, and
fome of them they abaneloned themfelves. It would take
w.) a great d-al of Room, and perhaps anfwcr tlie Fur-
pole but 11. differently, if we llioukl attempt to give a large
l-li*l'..'ry of the M.in. "i which iIk k Places were reduced,
and til refore we fliall lathef take them in the Courl'e of
thiir S'tuation, by whirli the Reader will clearly perceive
liow th" F'.inpire of thi*: Nation in the F'.ait. was broken
and oiirolved s.

We have alieady (hf wn how the Pcr!fn:u-ze became
Mailers of Ormnz on the Co ill of P(r/i.\ wliieii Settlement
they ^.'reatly improved, t!Miie,li th': Jlland iiK.if is one of
the moll uncomfortable Flares in the World, the Country
beini', v/ithout \N ater, and Truated in a Climate where tlie
1 le.its are in a mann r intolerable : Vet in fpite of ail thel'e
DilFcultie;, the Purlt'^ut-it- built thiae a veiy fine 'Fown, in
which the .Streets were flrait and regular, their 1 loufes very
higli, finely adorned witliour, and within richly furnilhe;!,
thtir F'.xehange rich and bee..i;lu!, tiieir Chureiics fplcndid,
ami their Caille regular, well tertdicd, ami ixeelleiiily pro-
viiieel with Artillery. ^Idh /ibhas, when Monaivh of
Perfia, had an earnell Defire to rid himlilf of thcfe ill
Neighbours ; but he wanted a maritime F'oree futFieient to
accomplilii his Deiigii, ami therefore he appheil himlilf to
the Engltjh, who had likewife fullered much liy the Pride
and Avarice of the PortugucZi-, ami by their Aliillance p.art
of his Forces were tranlported into the Illand of Ormuz,
which was attacked both by Land and Sea on the 20th of
yainiary 1622. The Defendants behavcct with great Bra-
very, and good Conduct, and m.ide a noble Relillanee ;
but tiie Ei:^lijl.> having dellroyed their Fleet, which con-
lilled of live C iaileons, and twenty-live Frigates, and hav-
ing alio fprung a Mine, which opened a fair Palliige into
the Cattle, the Garritijii thought tit, about the Mid, He of
y^/r//, to lurrender, which let all the neighbouring Co.ills
at Liberty, and dellroyed the Power of the Pertugucze on
that Side.

The rich City of Sura!, fijrmerly a Pkice of tli" greateft
Trade in the Indies, f uttered feverely from the /Vr//(i[i7:2^,
who burnt it down to the Ciround on purpol'e ro lavoi.r the
Commerce of their own City of /),•'/(, w!-.icli iLinds at the
l'".ntry of the (iulph of C.;Wv,;v.-7, ar.d whicii th..y lud ren-
dered one of the Itrongell .eid lineit Places in the F,;il'.,
keeping the Monarch of that Country in the moil abfolure

" h' t^c laj piin»i-a ii llric^ chrr'ijloeicil MttlioJ in ri-btine the I.of, of it;C f'-tllcmn'.ts imile by thi^ N:it:.iii in tlu- F.jii-h:.l:„, v.i' mill) h.ivc
' ;>J t:uai one Tjrt of the. Cinaitu lo .TO,;tlnT, winch v.o.uJ iuvo occ,ili,ii.cJ y.rc.U C onfulion, wi[i.>-iit \iolilnii; any coni Jcraii.e .A.liant.ige j
>-•■'■•" the McihoJ «c ii.ive nmv taken by pr-cfcdir.g Torn W I'll to Kail, v.il! Il.c»v the i<c.;dci, ii he ^ocs alonu, l>ow thele See.l.'nieMs vvl'ic
'■ ''he Mil i.uae Uiilei ill wliica ttc liavc bclojc ilwivn they ueic aciiaued.

P^^'

f' I r

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Sub-

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I .1

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If! ., .' i-i

^94

r/v H isro K r of the

Hook

SulMjftion. But iiotw!flift.ini!inp i!uir Policy in thin re- One Day, as he w.is romitig Irom Court in Sut,

art- m.t iHTirtitcil hv it< IratlVk. On thi< Liult they wcTi- dr ihr Hiulc. I he I'jrtius todl. thr (/ 1 (r.j's Vidt f

|-(l!ilii'ii <it liVir.il llidi!', l'l.uit th(tf ^nat I loiK.ur iloni' (hrm, ami |irou;'ht tliiir l).iiitrf„(. '

l)„m.iH IS Hill in tluir I l.imis, .iiul is a Place- ol pretty gcxnl hi"; l.lc pliant's Si.'c. lie Uiiij^ (imttcn with h.-r'^J

Traile. r>-'jitim is lately tilkn mti th:- 1 ^lIul^ ol the In- unicrcil histnianl to lei/.c her, anil carry In r tuh.s Ho

(.(.;x;. Bembiiy tluy yicKlcd to the F.n^ihjh on the Mar
ru^'.f ol (^iicn Ciill.':niif Wjt!i Kinp I'.h.irlo (I. anil has
loi.tiniiiil in our 1 Iinil'i i vrr liiui'. l'rf>nj Get to Cap-
C'tiuriJi fhiy hail alto viry mnrulirahl;' ScttlcnicM';, ot
null ot' wliuh tluy I'.ave l<nn I'tlpoili iVci! ly the P:,rl,

His Oriicrs were but too rrailily olxyid, anj il,-
Miulij^roum, not al'le to Ikmh his l.ols, dithiso'
I hroat 1 jiul tiiC ililnmliiiatc I'areiic. i.nt ilnir Ll.i^.i
aiul wint cryini; t!ir(r,;!'li the Struts t.'War.'-i tlir Km,
I'alace. iiniiioniif' ihii C'uii '

tlicin, ami thiir Noik- U> I'luJ, tliat it rurlici! the Ki'
I'.ir';, who K u M know the C'aulf of tluir I'praar. J
MillMij^cr rettjiiiiii;;, acqiuiiuni t!ic Kiii!', wi'li what h
I ecu tiaiiladtil, ami he, to aiipcill' ihc 'J u;nii!t, llr.uhr
Won', that he woiiii! pui.iih the (."Lniinal, ar.it a c't
nj^iy lent lor his Ccneral : But lie nia.ic an I-xiiii;-, tii

iiitiyiiien ti> avei|;( i|,(n,
who in the Yiar ibd^, U-comini; Malkr ot 0..-'(^rf;:ic, tho inlolmt /'<5r///i;«,.-', t!ic comtiion Ojipnjlorw.t tli
Ccl-tfi .m\ Ou.'an, lixin alter dcprivcvt th;ni it f.'.;/M«rr, Coiiiitiy. Crowds ot I'loj^le came Ctoiii .illl'irts ,,| -
which wa". the iirl! l".ur they |iai< letilfil at ; ativl tliiw we City to hear and lee the I'rageily •, tlieir NumtKrs ,7,
lie the .Stave ot ..ir r.>we- i;rc.i'!y r-" Uiccii on tiir Coail ot lo ^;riat, that the Strets wik- hardly lari^c- ctmuoh
.'/■i.'.i/'.;r. n<iulili'i<; tins lanu,.;s Cape, anti proceeilinj^
a:"!V'. the Coall ol (/ r.f;;.;'i./c.'. w-- meet lirli ••••.xh tlif I'ort
and I'Oftreli, ol ,V. f.)/'.!/..'*, \siiich, when the VcnugiuTf
camt liril into tlic Imiifi, was no more than a Viilaj; • ; but
tlxy conlidirin^ tift- Iniportanec ol t!ie Place, lortiiied it
wiih irre::t i.\rc, aiul Mi.Iued !t ir» every relpeCt Very

( in'deral .'e. But after the /;«.'./• had deprived them of he was lo nn.'ili out ot t)rder, that h, muM r.itwai'i
tiie I.'and ».t Calm, they tlid not Km;:; let th< ni retV here, his MajJiy tiil he was hititr-, whuh AiiU^er liipruviiM

but by tlie AliiHancf ol an In.iu.ii Piinfe, bcl'ieged and be- the Ku.i^, tiiat he ordered the whole N'atinr, totakrii-iArir

lanie Mailers ol'th.it Pi*ie in 10- i. and to make a {;enua! Mali.icre ol the l'citu^Hiz\ whf.

I'rcm thenri all a'oMi theCi>al4, ipiifup to y?<-/i,jf»/, tlic locver they (hoiild W toiind, in City or Country. |!

Purr'i^ufzr have lui\ all Power , and a', lor Sett'enunts tliey Kiii^;'s Orders wirc put in I'.xci ition lij fp-edily, tlm j^

had nu'ie <it any j.ivat Coiileqiieni e to lolc, h ivin;r, in the ti w Hours all the J'cr.'u^iifZf wtf ll.iup.hrin,;, r:\\

1 inie (if t,.rir (-.tv.ittll I'o-.ser ciinf.nf d rli'nil. Ives with a iV'ity Cniinnal was taken .i!iv(, and ir.ivie !.i'* ly 1'

fm.di bilal hlliintiu at Mi.uipvur, or .V/. li ,iii.'.<, rel'.ram- ) leels to an b.kp'iant's Jitf, which ihai'iud l.itn ihr

ing all t!ie irllof t'le C'lalfby ;!iMr S.jtiadro;; , v.h:rii Wire tl.e Streets till time was no .Skin nor I ielh Mt to tov,

cxiiitu.iuliy crui/.iMH in tiic H.iy nt /Jrt;?j/. O.i tlie opjx)- his Bones ; wimh .Sj)ccl.icle apjiakd tl;c cn;a;'vd Port

fitr Side ot t!ie (.ulpli the Pcr!u^:i:z( I, ad once veiy f,icat lace. Thi le wire only three /'tniii^ufzf laved, whowr-

VoWi r in the Kinfjd.om ot /Vc«, in conlajii, lu e ol' their aciidrnt.illy in t!ic Suburbs, next the Kiver, wlio in

ali'.lhi.f; the M(.na!i.h ot tltat Country .i;;amtt i!ir- KuiR of theinklves, till Nii;ht favoured tiieir Fliapc in a fnu

Siam, who had i;iv.u!ed his rrrntor;is .u:-\ w.iu! 1 very Boat, in whi' h t.'i.y called .iIopj; th;- .^lure, tenlin" (

prcl>abiy ti.ivi made him hi' 'I'r.lv.itary, i| a ttnly ot J'cr. what the \S'<x>ds and Kinks alii rded iluni, ami ar lti)n(

tu^ufzf had not come to his AiriiLincc, by wlioin he was arrived at MjIjh,!, to [;ive an Aciount ot this nidanchc

enabled not only to dilcnd h.mlilf ertVctua'ly a!.',ainll his Tranlaaion.

Lreniy, but even to rurluc luni into his own Country. Ihc Kinj^dom, or a>' foiiie lalli'd it, llvj I'lnpir.'

1: IS very ealy tod.ilccrn what mighty Ac'.vantai;e<; might Sfhm, lies next to /'',:;«, Mi\ is a C1411 iiy <d vilt I'xa

have accrurd t) the Pcrlu-'ifz: i;om tins tavouraWe Turn, the Monarch ot wliii h was ii.o powertui tcr the /V.'a;;* I

if ilvy h.;d k',' wn how 10 unirovi- it ; but we l.arn Irom to think ol nukinf; any i;re.ir C.oni|i:ell in

n.ji

a late Auihcir, that what tniL^ht have turned lo much to and tiicrefme th-.y chole to hvv- with l;im ii;'on gt>

ttiiit Benefit, prc>ved, by their own ill M.ina(i;ement, the 'rcrins, for the lake 1 t tlie v.ill Tr.ide earrinl on in

Caiife ot tluir Ruin, .ind that in a very fliort Space of Donviiion-., which are (.rtrramly well fituatnl liirC'

Tinie. The King ot /'<'.?«, it lceni«, was to lerfil^le ol the iiurie, having on one Side tlie Kingdoms ot Im.\ ( .

Service they had done him, in dnv.ng the King ot Hiam icya, and CdhirJ.-iitj, au I <n the 1 th r, the C'wr.:

out of his Country, that in pure lirar;iiile, lie made lH)riieriny(on the (Ui'pli of y('>(j;«/. lifklcs there annua

or.t Senhoi I'r.nui I'^rnra, who commanded the Pcrtu. rclurted thitlur a l-lu t < I .Mmhuit Shiji'i trom Ciin.i,

giirzf in the War, Generaiifllmo of all his horces, which dm with all the rich ti'toiis 01 that I'lnpire. 'I'li'Viti

Pr, ferment nude the P-.riu^UiZt I'u infident, that in a lew tinned to hold a tair Corrtlji'.r.dence with this iMf;n.irl

Yrar^ they Ucame intol-rablc to aM Hanks and iVgrers of and tiis Siihi'c'ts as long as their power lii'.ifiil.il in

Perloi;s m /v?a. B< th Kinps gtew ciicil i/f War, but both Indiei , but by Degrees, the Dutcb have in a r^re.it Ml

were t(K) p?.,ii ! to mak- Advanns tnwjrds i't.ice, f) th.it lure (xclt;.l'd them Inni th.ir liiilueive hiti-, lir.ce iH

for muny Years they had Skirmilhes widi linall Parties, when they eiei'ted tluir l-'aCtory hir-', and have til

Iho' not let Baiil< •. 1 and where-; ver the P.rluiuezt Arms wrought tliunlidvcs lo eireiJti;illy into the Confiilrn.fl

went, they h.id V'noiy to ar/ompany thrm. The K:.'.g this Pnr.ce, that he ha'"- granred them an erckilivc I'rf

ot I'e^u, to have his l-'orccs nearer the Borders of .V/<j«, ledge ol purchafing all tlic I in in his noiniriuns, «!,

littled his Court at Martavnn, and kept the P'.rtUi^utze is a Braiu h ot Commeice ot prodigious Jinjiirt.inrf ,
ncir him, to Ix: ready u|vjn all Occarioiis, erher to rejie!
i>T aluult the .Suim forces, as Clp{M,rtunify Icrved \ and
Tlomi^s Piriyni woi t; e great b.ivourr-; at Court : I le had
Jus l-JephanLs ot State, and a Guard ol his own Cjuntry-
;iicn to atter.d him.

the Pcnugutzf arc rot wholly (lected, thoiigh J
Trade is niu' h fall' n bom what it was*, 'i'liucarr IJ
raJ Imall Piir,( ipahri.s on the liihmiii, betore one (ol
to the Country of .\f,i!M.:., which wen ail ol ilifin F
merly under t!i'-- Power of tiie Puinptz:, as apiKarij

' 'I'h.i ( .;y (>( l)i, lUr a> in the I ait;Hi;ie of ;i« j-, , iivl ii by miry U\ 1 olcj 1 > Ik the V.„nfaz,t of ihr Ai.i rrH It I'n '' uixia la \<^>u.-
l^iggc in ixi.cUi, »nJ not i thini Pin -A x ! eigue in Mirj-liS I in; C unity ilxiut it 4Iioiuk). wiili ..II it c NiCfli.nci ol I.|!c, "I'J ••^••^<'')
. ..I v.. .1 ;.-.I:, i. J .1 urll ff.riihcd, u ji.i in il.c In,,, It i> vny liuioui tu' llie 'iiry.c it lu.'.iii.cJ I'l i ; )■', 'A i>i.:i!i v.c ti nc U'liic fi

/\^«,^u.•. St J rtliiil ;! 1'. in .i Vkorfe O i.d;!;

ihiii h iiiicly, Iwiu'isilh ictJjil lo Wtji'ih ai.d Miti.jtih . li;il !■> b.!b:,Cf ih i i:i loiut muw"!

It 11 vciy ttnu'KJl.k. ehji itit P„u^m4i.i -.k be! n'|xflcil m tholf C'om^tnci uhcrr ihry li:iJ lo f.iitrtlTf, which flfwt, ihat»l.f«"4
M ^/l■ I. J iv,{ ,lMi'.fl.,-d (heir l'ui»rr, tht Aii,.;,.i-:j were iir..lcr no .Nccclhiy ot buililiiiK I "lO, but iinKl.t hau- iiiiiJ O" 'Wi: '-"""'|'l
well *iit«-u: Ihrm I hcrr .irr .1 j-rcil .Vcinbct ul /*> f»^..(»/, or father Dtlirr.Juiu. o' itifu/^iii-r, Irtilcl m ih.s ( ' untr , uherttlicy >1
UHiilv, 4"d -rt i!' it;l w.ii, yrcii li iliu'.iii. , ball by ilic "sjinc , «i,.l bv cthci tu-foTi', uhuli viu be .ittnliuci-.l igio'.hin; tui "it f |
lived lo j.>fi- 11, Uic Ji.i I, , iv j.»»» !(jil »:■ ^, iiii ..iiJ w btsuiuu *» Js^suwaW .1, tl.s ii-- „r ihtjjilciMi, i.liu .uc •!■• 'K' •l'" '' ' ' ' '"
in iht /-V-'

'«ll«'-«!-i: '.(mi4,JHi|ffl.i-ii

ChapH.

Portugiic./c Empire hi the EafUIndics.

ft liijtli tlir l)t.r:c!, ,mtl loi

tliiir rct-iiiiini', llill .i Mixtuir of tint I ,im;',ii:1";o with tlicir
own. I'll'" * liiit "• ''>^'« ''r'"' il'.ilitii s ,iic tlioff of Ug^r
III) one Siiic, .uul '^i,.Lib on the otln r ; Init the People arc
li) lurKirmis, .ual |)!rliilioiis, that ihc E:u'f<'::ns carry on
karcc any Trulf on their Coiilh,

Iheiv''" I'eiiiiillila ot' Miliuai, at tlic Tinu- the /V-
/«,'«i2i' laiDi' ihithtr, was liihjaH to the Kini; lA' y^,('ori,
ami liy what Mf,«ns tlic V'iicr<>y< ot tiie Crown nl I'crlii-
^^^/ w. IV lul ti) attack, aii'l nial<c tlu iiijiivi s Malkrs of
that lity, wt- h.ivc air .uly (licwn. Alur it canu' into
th'ir ll.inils. It chan|r(il its Cotuiitioii entirely, ami fioin
iKin;', a i'larc of liiiall Account, in a Ihort i'nne liccame
tanvai^ all over /■ J.vj ami Juiroft, lyi,i;; aliiiull in tlic
Cci.ni- of TraJe, ''i(ni;;ht tliithir liy ll;iii|iin;\ Ironi the
rit'i Kiiv.>!i.ii IS ' : /'A'", (.V'///.,\ Jn,iii'j'.i, Im'Ii...i^ Ion-
(ju.'h Ccdun-CvhM, C,i>:i/")ilf', mv\ Si,ii/i, Ulu!. , wliat /j* thi'y bul l,ui' I
/.,!■,• proJiioil, and Stiiii.iUn, y,:Vii, iiornco, M icji. r,
i'.i;.'.//, ,ini!o,-i:(i, arul -rcrmiU; Illamis that a!".i'.iiil ii\
valujiile C'oinnHj.litu s. Altir Coa auii (Jrmuc, tins wai
by viry far the- I'clicll City m the /;/(//;.., a. d a f'.ieat M..r-
k'.t tor all the* ilil.irent Ccjnimoiiitics tliat t!)j: Cumiirivf
[Tohieal. It was the Seat ot al!ir;i.j., an.l the Calhei'ral
Lluirch ot Sr. l\:!i! was extreanily ;ii,e, ') u y li,,il br~
fules, live ot'.KT I'arilh-t hiirchi'., an^l a noMe Cilr ,( tor
the Jeiiiits toB''th-r With aSeniinaiy, in \\i\h<l\ all new
Ciiiivcrt''. to the Faith were inlhik'Uil I'li,' W hole was
eiHompalVal with a liionfi; Horn Wall, ii-.i! uly lortilieil

^>95

/./«r/ iiiterpodiiir in lavour of ilic States, their I'ow.r in-
irealcil to Uk], a Degree, that they were i^ot o.;!v able to
ilcteml thenilrim a;;a.i.lt Sf^,;, l,y I mul, l,..t to ^ivc t!:at
potent Monarchy ii.expr.ni!,!, ■IVo-iLi,: l.y Sea. tJi.t this
War Ircini to have no J<elati,jii to /'a.-//.,;/, an J wo Jo nu^
luar ol their attaelsi:,,. any Lut th-: Pcnu^u, .-, .Setrlenienti ui
the h,il- bhltr. In order to relolve th;, Dini. uhv, wo imilb
remember that ihe down of t\rtii-,u was ui,i!. d to tl.ar ol
.SM« in 1/570, l-y which means /Vj/7/> II, becaiiv Mulr

"iiuiifly iliStauMif th;'ii;iitv\l

1 lovincci vvuc a, iiiueh at War wuh ihe l\yumuzc, wh„
were- Siil.,ec<l. to the Ku,- ,,, .sy,.,.;,, as wit!, ai.y of the. r.ll:
ot his .Siil.jeCl' ; nnJ .oi,:.,juuitly thi.s -ave tlu.m a Kl-ht
to attack the /Vr/vc/,,^.' SatLm nts beth in tho %f ana
IVfJl hiJiff, v.'liieh iluy projeriiteil witli hieh V|.'oi,r, that
thiy IikI l.ur l(.r buoiiiiiif, Mailers of all that the I'mui-ucze
had pollellld in eithtr Indies.

Vvc have leeii what niij'.hty Acqnifitions they ir.adc in
the l'.all \ lait it is nercHary to our Su'jjeCl to ubU'rve liku-
wile, that flmr IKJI InJ.u Lompany baame in that Space
ot I ime In piAvcrtiil, as to n\ikcaimolhincr,t:rcC(.iK|0(ft
t.l liraziL It IS very evidej tiom lu, u', that nothinij; but
the I hiion ol the Crowns ct Spain and Pcrnr^olaixM have
allordril the Ihlch either a 1'reti.ncc tor attaekiiii^', or an
Oppnitunity of rediicinfr thelc Countries, both of which
in a finj'iilar nq'.iee they from this Accident olnair.al. For

«;tli HaiiuMis, the FLlc extreamlv well pcop.e.i, and the do in delcndiiii', his hereditary DominnMis' baure this Ac-

' "" ' ' '■■ ' ' ' ' "' " ■ '''"'"II "' fl":'IViritoriesoU'.;-,.7j;,-', fohewastemptcdto

apply the Uevcniu', of that down to the im.iiediate Wants
ot th' Si>(i>i:Jh (\o\itnmmt, v.l-.ieh we tray coiiciiide wcru
very (.'.reat, Ciiice on l-.is Death-be I he owned, that the
Wars ol the Low Coiintiies had coll hnn live hundred and
fixty-H'iir Millioi.s of Ducat', which is upwards of ona
hundred ..i.d iwilve Miliums i.l mir Money -, whence it ii
raly t" perct ivc, that h ciaild not Ipare as n,ueh as was
nquihrc lor ill/ D; leii'e (d the y'6.-.'.7-.v.':.:fTerriuaies. On
the oiher hand, the I\r!u>iie7- themfelves, ihraigh they
had been alv.a).. dillinj'uiihed tor thrir Loyalty w their
natural hincn:, wwt: lar cnou"^]! from flicwin^ fo nuicli
/eal in the Si I VI • i f the King of Spdin -, and it i.s vuy
natural, whm iIk Minds of pnvate Nhn arc entirely tlef-
poiled oi publivk Spirit, for tlie Atiairs ot the State to tall
into ConUilion,

Hut one would have itna[;,ined, tliat after the Separa-
tion of /'c/ilw'.j iunu Spain, which happened in the Year
1(140, 'I'liinps would have taken another Turn ; becaufe,
with Kill}; 'join \\. tlie D:iuh ha.i no I'retence of making
War. To p,ive the Ueaiier a char Idea (,f this Matter,
we imilt rciiiembfr, that tlie Du:ch h.id t.iken lireziHrom
the Kini.', ol .sy,;///, 01 i.uher trom t.'ie Pcrn.^iLZC, wiiila
they were his Subject'-. 1 but afterwards that Nation conli-
ilcrin[', this as an injury n't to be born, atccmprid to
drive the Ditlil' vut, iiotwitlillaiuling thr 'i'reaty concluded
Ix'tweeii the .States and t!ie Kin;:; of Ar,'.',^;,;/ in 1641,
which, to tiiy the 'I'luih, had bi-'ii but indilFerently ob-
lerved on both Sulcs ' •, t!iat is to lay, tlie ])i!!,7j had en-
croachcil upon the /'.r/.vs;,-/,-^,' in ihe Ei'Ji-ln^'.ics, and
they, on the other h.ind, j:,ave the Z.V.',V/'' little or no Rel-
]iite in An;//7, out ol which, in ten Years Time, they drove
them tiuiri ly.

About this I'imc died King Jcbn IV. and left iiis Son
/ilphoHi'o \'I. a Minor, which Ai!vantat;e the Duu-h took
to dei Lire War a;;ainll tlie Crown of Poingj!, from a
IVrlli.ilion that this Opportunity of rep.iinin^ wh.it t.'u:y
had loll in the Well, and piofeeuting their CcMlqeells in tiie
I'li/l-hhiiij, was not to be loll, the rather, ke.iihe Pi,r-
li(x<il was at that Time en!;au;i'd 111 a dan;.^M-oiis War with
Spiiin, and the y)«/iA h.id lately uiiu !ua-d a Peace with

(iariiloii lui'ilerouH, and well flc plied, I), caiile the IW/li'
,/iV.-i' loiilidcred It as tlic F.alttin fioniier of their Do-
ini"inns.

In ilio;, tlv 7)s.vA, wIk) v.Tie tiicn b -ome very po-
tent in the !n,ht:., att.icked a;\t\ dcllmy^d tiie Fleet of the
i'-rtupiz; here, conlilling of thtity-loin .Sail, on Uoanl
ot which w-rc three t!)oi:!and Mm; bait th.y were not
,ie!" to take the I'l.ice. J'he ne.'.i: I'car, tla' Kinj;; ot 'fo-
(.r;' invelhd it \.,di ail .\rmy of lixiy-ilioiif.ind Men, in
tivcnpe ot what tlie /V/,v.;.y- .■''' had ilonc ap,aintl liim
tlirte Vcars beioie, when tliey took and oJlroyed his Ca-
litalj but, however, he was obliged to raiie the Sie(^e
With grcit Lots. But the DtHih, well knowinp; the Im-
portance ot the Place, and the v.ut Advant.ij^cs accriiini';
ii,)i\\v Pcriuaiiizc li-om it< Situ, ".(-:•. and Commerce, the
tornier ailordinii; them an l)()portiiimy ot levying 10 po'
(.em. upon all N'clfels pallai^ thro' the Strei[;hts, and the
fitter proiluciii;^; annually a large Kevenue, they att.iikeel
It in the Year i(<4o, fo viporou'.ly, that they became Wal-
ters of It alter a Siege of fix Months. 'I'lie Walls and
Fortifications they prel'erved, as alio the Church of St.
Paul; but moll of the other Chunlus they h.ive ilellroy-
id, and the great Flofpital they have turneil into a Ware-
houle. 1 he I «ingiiage fpoken here is clleemeil the moll
copious and polite in the Indies, and tlnrelore ferves as a
kind ot general Tongue through all the Illands and I'ro-
vinces tarther towards the F.all. In the kingda)m of Ciim-
kiia, or Camlwya, the Poiin^ueZi' have llill a conlulera-
ble Tr.ide, and they arc likewile will received in ioiifiin.
As to their Settlements in the fevera! Illands of the hiilt ■
Indifs, in China, and in the iMiipire ot "Ji'.pnn, we have
Ifioke of them futliciently already, under the Wt.xd of
Dilcoveries, and there is therelore no need of our infilling
firther upon them here, as our \ lew, at prelent, is no
more than to Ihew, how their piiiuipal Settlements were
lull, and to whom, which havin;,; done, ir may not be
ainils to lay lomcwliai oi the Wars (.urie 1 on a!',.iinll
tiiem in thefc Farts, by the DutJ.\ and the I'rete, ices they
c.i.ide life of tor caiiyin^ tliem on.

2b. The Troubles in tlie Low CVnintrics, which pro-
iluccd a War between the Crown of Sp.un and the Kepiib-
lickof the United hoviiice>, began about i;-,7o, and liit^-

Sp<

that Crown. It was in ccrdlc.Uii.iv ei i'm:. new War, thai

r '?

,'i

\,.t . .

i i'j

1.1

Mym

i:N'lll{liiii<i.j|~

696

7hc 1/ 1 sro K r of thi

Book

.«'■

i .1

y%'

f;rc.it (>i.ility. as V iccroys to i,ca, w:th 4 Vi s. r.iih.,
U'ttrr tlvir For'vincs tlii'i tlir [.iil.lnl. Si'tviu, wh; |

till- M'.llor) tluf, <>t lUc VlMlS we lit if liutllin|', motV
till- (i.i.iuf, til;: .lliiqu,rffuc>, x\v I'neyrt^, „r'||,„ (^,
:jhc ,lni: au f(»i\i\l ti» T arili lor ihc N.inus ■>! their V'lc
ri)ys I!) thr juiv.ito Utj',!'*''!"* "I ilu- I'.iI.kc, i:i|1c*l ot t

turr. Inr tlu;r M.il.ulnimilU.itiDii 111 thr In.ttej. Wlviulu
Alijit? W'^in full todcclitu- m ti\i<, I'j-: ot the Work!
vvjs .1 lommon I'Uw^', tor n (invnuor nt Mokmiiili
whiih w.i\ ilUcniiil tlie t'lril l'(,ll alter the Viaioylln
an.! with .ill tl.c othtr (i(A'crt,ni(iifs m the IWir U 1

the Dutil attackfil the Pinujiu.it .igaiu iii the £u///'( m IMvnre «.| thur Iiiilcfx-iulfticy, whah at once imtl,

iltti, aiul tvin cmlcavour^i tu ilrprivc thrtn nt 6' .» ; Imt <>l tlieir whole I Dm-, and rxluulhd thur whol- kev ■

1(1 this tl.ry ihJ nt't I'licccnl : Aiul, on tlic othrr IuikI, the It is true inJccil, that ihi', wa; ratlict the Mhk,rtur.t th

P.ri;i^u,7f lounil Mrans to iraverii' ail llu Attmipii tliat the I'ault ol the Ptrlut'urt,; ^]^\^.^• n was wh.i; tiKyV

thi/'K/i/'tiuiIf ID tlJaMilli .1 Ttailr iiiCi/wrtj.av alio to raile not avoui i tntt it w.ts, t.tvcrthckli, the i^itatCjui"

I'urh J Sliir.n aniepriviil ihrin it the- Maiul ot Fcrmrfu thi»ir l.ndis in the lidits.
\vh:<h tiny liail coniiucteil, aiul whicli wai i<l |>ry*li{jiou» VVc may aiM to ihik th(ir Iciu'
Cynliquencc to tluni.

Hut, in the ni( an linif, the great VVcu they t' it to the
A'.;// in.iiei, cnableil tlirin luit only lo ixteiul tlitu t\>n-
i|well-, Init in the Year ifXi, to lictcat th \s\vl nival
PoWv f ol till l\!:i4;'u(7.( in two ^'.cnirral lM)ga(;r-iiu n!^. lii.t
whiltthe I'uNkl. lutlVrnl txiillively tiiiin flieConlcijiirn-

ccs «'t' th;s lata! War, lonu' privau- Merchant* in l,i/kn i-uuliik Kn..)i\!s of llilloiy: Iklu'cs, as thil.-Mcnha

anil in the LjJI hJta titfc>l out fo many Putatr- rs anJ iwcn, j^tiurally l'pcakin{% too p. or to iniml any thmy,

of Akh Strcf.t'th, lh.it tin- Duuh t.ittircil exci Hlvi ly in nun h at itUiKlin^; their «iwn iMlatts-, lo thiy have [if

their Trailc, an.l t'ltrcfore (xjth Nat.oi •- Ixi^an to be weary too wrll allmi to lie cailci to any Aiujui;: on tiijf fl
«t thr War, aiul iiv I.nril to a Nij'.ot.ation. The C rowa
ol' (ireatlini^in intirjxiliil its McJ.i.ition, in ior.lMjtu".ir
ot the Mamape Ix'twctn Kinj;, Ctmlfs II. am! t!ie Int.jiri
C)t lUriu^ai, I-- whu.'i IVai. wa^ broiii^lit alxiut in thf
Year idin.ami tiurchy the F rtuj^uizt were left in i'ollct-

fion if' hr.ifi:, ami the /)(/;ii' actcjittil a Sum ut Money Viciroy, to I : thiw rn wlxnn he |'!ea!'.i!. I lay, it.

as a Satisfaction for then I'l. tml'ions. I'cen o- iiinoii for tucii \ iccroy* lo n'ake, in the Smcj

In tlie /■.J/f/'K^K'j '1 hiiii;s were to lennin fts t!iry tiicn I'ne V.ais, I-'ivc luiiulriii •Jn/ulaiid Crownj i ih

IIo-kI, aiul Ixjth Parties were to knp vshat, a' t!ir Con- vsiiiiic we may torm lonu- Notion of the l^rofitiof'i

f lulum of tins Peace, (hoiiLI l)c in their rclpechvc l'ol!i.il'.- \'ii.eioy. Now a» it is impoliUilc fin !i rxnrlntant ,Sui

n-is i Init the Duitb kept this no Ixttcr than they iliJ the (houivl Iv made .my other Way than tiy opprtirm!' th' J

fiirnur Trtafy 1 lot, on thi lontrary, in lOi.,-, atiaikcd Juk', an! takii'j; Uf^z Sunv. from tlr.- MiTthaiii<,

.-ill th- Places which the P-r.-uj^ufzt held on the Li'ill of " ay talily i)eri,civr, tliat all th.l'e priva:c l-i-ttuiici vi.

Miil.t'.ir, partuLlarly Cu^.".-, ssluch t!uy had no looiur made at tir. l.x, ciue ot tlir pullck l.'.tLrell.
tAc•,^, than thry dellro)(d il tlic Wild or Hall.ird-Cinna- I !ie bad F' imples of t!ie (ioseri.ors had a vtrv b

•r.i'n, wliuh. attir the l.irs 1,1 Cn.it, had proved an aJ.- 1 fiVa on all the lul)ordinate Olfecrs lo that I'luie, \

vantagenub Braiuh of Comfiiercc to the Pcriu^ufZt-. Thirc nity, l.iixuiy, .ind a jwjmpou. U.lplay < 1 Wealth, aiMi

weir l.-.^li Comp.i.i.i'.ts rr.a.ieot thisin /•.«rt/>^ to t!ie .Statis- id by i.heit Mean', took plate ot that p.'jr.rrciij V,rn

(irr.eral, who wue eitliTf daeivfil by the]!., filile .Ac- that laudat)lf .\ir.buion, that dil'iMeieltid piilijid; S;.,i

counts K'.vii) t.'icm by thur /■..;/? /■ /m Com} , ., or pre- wlmh enabled their .Antcllois to lay the I'our.litioiK;!

fcnJid. to be deceived, that the) ''ight, w.: , a btiter lait;e an I'.mjiir'-, with a very im onliiltrahle I'art ol r

fiiace, piotrafl the Negotiation mating to ifiu Ati'air, Power, whicli was in the I'ulli .Hon of tl.ole svl.o lull

tiil thtir ."^objects in the Ltji-I'uliei had io tortiticd the The (. h i(.»y too, fohosscd the Kxample el I'lC I.jiiy, ji

place" tlieyha I taken, as to jilt it entirely cut i-f tin- Power inllead ol promotlnf^, as at t'le Hi [.innini',, the Co:.v

of t!'.e I'c^ru^Uff' to .ititnijt the Kecovrry ol iheiu '. lion ot the Natives to the Clnillian 1 .nth, from thcr;

1 lie!-. Procetilii gs f^ave til" liMiliii g li'ow to the Ku;n gioi..-. \'iew ot I'avnp, t! '.r .Soub, t!:-y now prul
of th- I'(>l:i;uf2i, wi.ohave r.evrr finie l)etn able to un- lliat \Notk from the meaner Motive ot it .iking the
dcrtake any thing ot C'onleijiKiue •, but, <jn the contrary, (ervicnr to their own I'lirpoles, and eiiab; I'l; them
have nchaudfd much of thnr n mainm;; Strtnyiii in de- <]i]iie vail Riches. Thi. Corruption pn-ccedcd lo
f:*ndiiig tlKMilelves againll their Indian Neighfomrs, who, DigiiC, tliat not only many ol the Jelu.t^ at GVa en:
einourap.cd by i!i<" I'rfifirel's ot ;he Du:.i\ .i:.J. excited
flrieto liy fome of thrir A[^rn' , have Ikcii (uu : c iidea-
voiiting nj tear liom them the fniali K' nuni'. ol t.iru I'kS-
r TTions i;i /«.7'm, and. have often 1. pt G'ci itii-lt blinkid up
formally .Mont lis together i m which, jx-rhap;, i;, y have
IS much milUkrn their own Intcrrfl ai pre,uilitcii :iiat of
this Nation, the Power of *!iieh has a'reav'.y lo rr.uci bro-
ker, as not to alVofil any jull ( iiuund of Jcal^uly cit.'iti to tants of the l\riu^ufZf S; ttlemeiiis, was liie little C.i
Indiums or l.un^tans. ken to prevent ti.rir leaving ail rhin|;i to theC.iito;

3>). We have already, in the Ccurf'e of tliii H.ilorv, Nep.r'ns and otiier Siavcs,and thetr int.'inurryins wi

jKiii.ttd ou: many of the Caulcs of tin- DeclcnrK n ot that Peaplt of the Country, Practircs which have Ivcii, ajiJ

niir^'iry Power wh.ch, in to (hort a .Spate of 'i'im< , the W'lJl ! e fatal to all huiopiJn I rtablilliinr.-ii-., becau:.'

Crown of Pirtu^ai acquired in the |-'.alf 1 tut as this is \Kt- only loftens aiul eiieiiiinatcs the Miiuls of luch u U

hap the ir.oll uiHnl Part (,t t!ie pulrnt Section, it may this Way ol Living, but alio changes their \ icws, n

not U- .mills to add a few taiilier Obkivations on this St.b- them lote aA regard for ttieir Country, and ii\iinei '

■ect, t!.' rather, Ixcaufc tie /^r/wijtt/x,- .Ajthon, vsho lave to take luth Mealures a-, are i;...ll likely to prfkrv^^

treated to largtiy of the Coiiquclls made l.y tlieir Natioi , in the Ivnioyment of luc.'i lervilc Plealure-.. 1 i.e '

have fxcn, in a great mealuie, lilent on the Means by ,?«r2e at Ci.t have been fir tnoic than aLciUiiryps

whicli they were loll. One great Caufe ot tiieir Rum sv.ik, much .uidiCted to tins I'.rofs i\ui Icniiial kind ot Lite,

thr Circumftanccs of their (iovtinment at home, where, provided they might en loy their tine Houl.-s in th..-

for many Year\ togethe:, they were eng,ige ! in a l.^ng, and their Couiiirv Palaces in it-> NcighboufhfW,

expcnfive, and dangerous Wai .ipaHill theCiownot fain, gave thcmlrlvcs 110 Pa.ii aliout what lupp-'ncJ tlk «

' I rt /)i.f..', •h'Juahl.'Kir f.i? /»i,j CfTij-iny ^M nrj IJtuci.r'yljy ll,t:c Ptaflit-i, Utf.-rcil yi:r> iVvr.-i'v. u a SmIc, Iforo r.'ic JcJ'^'J!."

«••■...-.! in ii,nr Sngkbour. 1 he Erf.'./ i^ (..m't t^jvixruc ol a U<z l>a(<a.i.„ii i w.r.ij ti.ciii'; »'.a ih .l^Ii tlic fun-' i'^'i ';"'. " '";"

.inCjf ;.■„• ofcnipUi,,! I 1 Iht /»Jifj, ft: thr/ uf'C l.>i ci*.jj'li (.on. U.i.i; ( l«lwili ll.i (j:o« I.'i ol Uit Dt'il' MS J i'C'ntr > ■"■''''■'■
jr.diijr |..i( (dm* W jr i., i.umljlr ll.rm, »■. ihr> i.Inlcil ii, wtnih « j> '.lui of i (,- : ; M.d I.oa Ijf i..c t iMtt oC lli«: ''^ -ir »«' ''■■' '•"'
If.' I ■!•■'.. '. of !K« l):' I, „, ilic /.,j,,j, u,.,j, j|(,t-.; Iiwn n ha{l djajj.vj u[».ii tl.riii by .Vli la^xmir, nJui, ei Ii- ' >•'>'•''• 'f'-'''i
»*»<- i.. !..i» J! f;<rw*,„i„ fi.f.a pu|>l,i.k,y batr.t il.r I'.'uuc ol Kr.j;' ( Aa'/Vi tl. it: jKie, pwt!* m.u!c ofcii:' ir. m, ul.th w.i.l'^i
i;i;.My <■ ,t I't,i« r,r»rr f jtv/.i, ami whiil. j'.vr ., .cry I, ,4 Iin|.rrii .,..'i.l t/.c l)i,i,! : . che /',./.u«/H..ij LloiitiJ a!, il.c) i.>uU to liir.>:o 'i

" W-.,Ac lu, iroiiMlaiKr !o li.c Halof> ol Hj..,-,. l,v M U, 1... S.,.-. l:,, wh) icll! u,, !/;»! tU /'-■<;• Uk ""s-"") 1>H>.«J " '''
(j'c t/.c Irio/i g.i»t Ihtm 111 C'/M. d.ftovrtca tlm I'ijCIkc lu itir l.ovrir.or oi llic Uiiniv'.l .Mn-.r ..t T;,. .'j.'.-, >.Ji" si'-g''"- '*■" o"" '•'■'''

gulled l.l.c hiqim. w.!h Stcr. al>oiit tli^m lo the Vuluc ol iwrn!yl.»c i(i„,i.i,.l TmulJ., lUihii lie ( .)i. rto.ii tl.ciii, inJ Jt:ci *HV-'i
twi.HU ;y t'.i ,. I..i..r.g;hc llib.io! :ir/« liolv .Mi,, twk fudi .Mcilwft. 4-. pf.>.r,:ta t'.cm*inir« .i.i (h ■! luJ.-i'. lli;^ Sliir* i»" »""•

tar

in Prade. ci ntrary to the Rules of their C>ri;ir, and I
Duty at Miir.oearies, but i ven delcended fu low,
dilg-iilc tluinlelvis in tlic \ iabits ot Paq'.iirs, or A/iiorti;:'.ity ot '
nig the Piaiiiond Mines, and purchalii.Li Stur.:s (:.
extiaordinary Value'

Bu: wi„it iivill of all contributed to corrupt tl'.C I:iS

utl

/'.

-i:

riiir

-»i«'j..ijae4(ii

Chap. ir. Portuguezc Empire in the Eaft-Tndics.

jnJ. ii:>.iir.i.-5 tnt"

or how i^n Mt Progrcfi the Huub made in fulxluing thrir
dilUnt Sctil. riicnt.v The natural Confirquincc ul this was,
(lut when liich Settlements wire loll, thulc who wtrc dri-
viii from their I labitatiom, inilead (,1 re pairing to Cw,
and taking Arms in ii»e King's Service, I\h the Recovery ot
any I'art u» his Dominions, went into thr Territories of
loni'- Indian I'rince, and the re, for a |>i(itul Subfillente, en-
trted into his I'ay, or accepted of lomc low Office in his
Court \ fo that while the Fleets and Armies of Portugal
gfi-w thin and contemptible, for want of Soldiers and Sta-
inen, then; were many thoulands of that Nation fcatterul
all over the /»<^W, dilgracing thiu Country by the manner
111 which they got their Bread, when by a pro|)er Behaviour
ihey might have rellored the Affairs of thtir I'tincc, as
well as their own Fortunes.

One may fafely affirm, that all thefe Mifchiefs were at the
Buitom owing to the Want of a right Admimlfration in /Vr-
/«|j/, where, if a Council tor the Iniits had been (ettltd,
con)[x)lcdol Men ol real Abilities and competent Kxuerieiice,
who lud been cntrulfed with ilu lole I'owcr ot litftow-
ing I'lacts in that Country, and had ken charged to look care-
fully into the Conduct of fuch as were employed by them,
might, L: fore things had gone too far, have rellortil Dilci-
pliiie in their Colonic?, and recalled fuch as from Difcon-
tmtor DitFidencc in their former (iovcrnors had taken Re-
fuse m other I'laces, But their Attention to other things,
and more cfpuially to their Settlements in Rrafil, which
hivc, indecil, accidentally conipenfatcd in fome meafure
I ir I ' (Tf s on this Side, hindired them from thinking of
!,i.;r AiLiirs in t!ie I'.alf, till they became part all Hopes,
as wul a-; p.id Recovery. l:i tins dillrelfcd and de|cfted
State they lie at prelerit, w'l.eh, however, murt not exculij
us Iruni givii'g the Reader a \'iew of them even in this Con-
dition, hecaule the I'ottugutZi' aw rtill confidered as having
fume Interert in the Ihuks, though it be in a manner no-
thinj; in t.oiiiparilbn ol what it was and is daily growing
from had to wufe, lo tlut they really owe what little they
llill ^cnjoy, to the Want oi any Inclination, at lead in
Europeun Nations, to take it from them, which they might
Othtrwiie do almolt at i'leafurc.

5 0. 'I'hc Dominions fubjcdl to the Porlugueze Viceroy
of the Indies are very eafily defcribed. The Lity of 6'm,
of wliicli we have i'poken before, is ftill the Capital, the
Scat of the Viceroy, the Archbilhop, and tl Inquifition,
whiih are heavy Burthens on fo cxhaulled an Ertabhihmcnt.
In the Neighbourhood of this City, they prefervc the
Idands of Salfclte, Bardts, /lugedivt, and fome others of
ro great Confcqucnce, farther than tiiat tiiey fupply the
City of (joa plentifully with Piovifions, which is hard to
fay, whether it be an Advantage to that Place or noti and
bccaufe this may feem a kind ot Paradox, I will explain it.
As Rice comes in great (^antities, and very cheap, to Goa,
it enccuragcs the Citizens to keep a vail Number of Ser-
vants, elJH.cially Negroes, who are content with one Di(h
of this Fooil at Noon, and another at Night. If thefe
were kept for any kind of Labour or Manutaftures, there
would be no great Objedion to it j but alinoll every Houli:-
kceper has fix, moft of them twelve, fome thirty or forty,
that have no other Bufinefs than carrying their Mafter's
Palankin, and I'mbrella •, fo that in Reality they are not
kept fo much for Service as for State ; and thus they ra-
ther cxliaurt than increafe the Riches of the Inhabitants.

Dm, which formerly l)clonged to the Kingdom of C«-
zarat, is the (IrongeU Place they have, and is indeed very
Will lituated tor Commerce. It has a very good Port, and
while the Porlugueze had any Fleets of Confequence, they
were generally laid up here ; and at this City the Moon and
other Trailers in thcie Seas were obliged to take out their
I'alsports before they proceeded any farther to the Eaft. At
prcfent all the Trade, or at leaft almotf all the Trade
which was carried on here, is removed to Sural, and
what little ftill remains at Diu, in the Hands of the Porlu-
iotze, is carried on under Gentil Colours ; that is to fay,

697

the Portuguezi think thcmfelves Cifir under th-m than
untler the Flag ii( Porlugal, furmeily d, much refpifl.d in
the hdiei. The Port of Daman, on the ( iulph iJCamLya,
IS yet in tolerablr good Condition, thoiiKli notl.i ig in Com-
parifon of what it was, the ol I Town be^ng in a manner iN
ferted, and the new not near (o well p/ojiled a^. miglit be
expired from its Extent. There are, however, ftill lomB
Manutaitures earn. 1 on here, particularly in Silk, with
wluch they furnilh the Market ot Goa, and thereby e.-.able
the Merchants fettled there to carry on what Cm dl Com-
merce they have left. Chaoul ftanls bhiml the Mountaini
on the fame Coall, and has a very f.ifc and good Port.

Thelc are ail the Places that they have on the Mjlular
Coaft, and in other Parts of the Imliet they have few Fac-
tories, and no trtabiiftiments at all, except it be in the
Iflands of Timer and Solor, not far from the Molucca/,
which they polTefsjoiiiily with the Diil.b, imd of whiih we
have already given a large Account in the I liflory of Cap-
tain Dampier'i Expedition to the South. Onre in two or
three Years they lend a Ship from Goa to thefe Iflands,
the chief Commodities of which arc Sandal Wood, much
elUemed in Cbin.i, very good W ax, and a foit of Medi-
cine called .W*r .Stones, which arc very little, if at all, in-
ferior to the bert Bczoar. On the Coaff of China they have
the Ifland and Port of Micar, from whence they carry on
a confiderablc Trade to China ami the Piitippines.

All that lemains under the Porlugueze Dominion from
the Cape of Good Hope in /Ifrica to the City of Macao in
China is governed by a Viceroy, witli th- Title of Ca;)tiin
Cjencral, who refides at Goa, as th.- Metropolis of India.
There are fix, and fometimes eight Defrmbargatlores or
Judges that attend the Government as a Soverngn Court
or Council, wIk) wear a Gown down to their Heels over a
Caflock of the fame Length, the Gown with wide Sleeves
down halfway their Arms. They wear Goldlas, and huge
Perukes of the French P'adiioii. The chief Court thefe
Gown-men fit in is calleil a R.lacaon, which aiiminillers
Jullice in civil and criminal Caft.s having Power over all
Minifters, and tries all Appeals brought from all Parts of
their Dominions. The V iceroy fits as Chief of tlii-i Courf,
under a Canopy. The Gown-men fit on Benches placed
on the plain Floor. The Council De facida is like the C<nirt
of Exchequer, where one of the Gown-men fits as the Vice-
roy's Deputy. 'I'hus the Pomp and Splendor of this Go-
vernment is Ifill kept up, though the Extent of it is much
leflened, and the Power and Credit of it in a manner de-
cayed. There are dill as many Governments as ever, that
is, in Title \ for otherwile they are of no great Confequence,
and thofe on whom they are bellowed, have the Characters
of Generals. 'I'herc is, for inftance, a General of the Gulph
oiOrmuz, who has four Shi[)s under liis Command ; a Ge-
neral of the North, who direCls the linall Towns on the Coaft
of Malabar ; a General of Salfeite, who has a Territory
of about fifteen Miles, a General of China, who is, pro-
perly fpeaking. Governor of M-icao, and an abfolute Vaf-
fal to the Cbincfe. There is another General in the Idands
:)f Timor and Solor, to whom even the Potugueze there
fcarce pay any Obeilience, and who l;ves in a miferable
Fort, the Guns of which are in no Condition for Service.
There is likewife a General of Gca, whole Bufinefs it is
to take Care of the Channels between the Idands, and to
rcdrain Smugglers ».

But the bed of all the Governments that ftill belong to
the Indies, is that of Mo/ambique, which is an Iflaml litu-
ated near the Coaft of /Ifrica, in the Lat of 15" South,
within half a League of the Continent. They have a
drong Fort there, with four good Badions, which com-
mands the Chanel, and in which there are leventy Pieces
of Brafs-Cannon ; and here there is always kept a good
Garrifon, and in tolerable Order. The Governor is ho-
noured with the Title of General of the River of Senna,
where he has his Lieutenant,which Employments was worth
to him feveral hundred thoufand Crowns a Year. There

J ilcpenlej many otlitrs Ql lets Lonfequ...... .. „..., .

I>eia iMin Here coiitiQued'in"them (or ..o longer thin tlute Yeaii AnU it wa. for ihis Rfafon ll.ty were gu.lty of fo much txtorlion. lookiDg up-
oil ihc.r GovernmeDU u Leafci lot fo oiany ^ tars, in >»hielj thcj were to make their f ottunc.
Num.. 47. 8 P ^^

imiw '

' '^

Tin

6ijH

riw If isro nr of the

Uook

■)• ,

•V

5 „ i

(I,

*■

,>'1''

» .

?'!■

are lut a f ■ w II. .i(**4 ilxnit tlw I'mf, il.c lnlitt>iijnti
knping thflr lA'ctU on the nrmlibouriiig ( imiiiifne : Hut
niitwifhrtjiuliic, tlip N.iirimml> vi tUr I'Iki, llifrr Mr
M(in.»l\<ri<'» i'( j'liiits Domini, iiu lil S«, hlndt lM$i,
KCuIo ihr iliicl Clujuli 4ii'l it'.H of (tif MnWittr^in.
Tlic Menfwn.li/el.r'VintiiiDilii^ I'Ui i- Ity ilir Miii«M>ltliP
Company, w UxirIu at a tit I'lui* I'y ili' l<«>v il l-Vtory,
whjili altitwaril* liiul ihciii to (J»7/rt.i»», tlir Mmirli ot
the Hirer of .fcwJ nmimn tlirrr luiiulrrd Milf* «l'>n«
th< Coad, in (.allw)t^ ai'.>l imall Viird-, Itn.uil.' tif thr
Flat* from Ci.'imAwi, t!ic IiimhIi arr f. i,t Uj' ilif HiVft,
ogainil the Stream, in Aliranilir* iit lii'p Ui.ii', wlii'h
ore ten Dan P"ii"k; i'l'» *!i'' •»''<"" '""' "^'"i'T. <'"*"• ''
IS very iliifKulf ^nn^ up fur tlmd *l,ii art i ■■! W'll .ir-
niuintfj witli I'le Shall >wi an. I NN imlinf^* of ilii» KiVfr.
hi^rts, or BLiAi, ftl"rt ti> l\\\\ I'ote tiirii IViMn«r» 'ml
KinijiU'nu tlirrr (.r (i*ii Miinrds Jntirmy ililltut, tii Iniy
ttT t'akr up Ciol^l^ iipDi* Tfiiit Uh lit mil. Ii liiilil, whirh
th<y ni\ir tail ici luing |njr.hially llir I'-m Yr»r, iinlrl*
tKatli pti vriif» thf iiv I lii» Truli- yit I U ,ilx>vc (.ml firr
Cent. S) i!:ac ilic /'ariir^uttt m.iy U- lint in liivr annttvr
InJij in .friij. Sfitm \s a lililf Tnwn im thr N.^lit-
hinJ of tlu- RiV(r, inluhiitil by liliy /Vr/irfwc-.v l-'aimlif*,
who ma!.c it ixipulfiir. rnnupli, liv tln' urt it NumUT iif
Biai-ki tli'-y Wcrp, Tli' fe nil the ( piuiiul, anJ ilii' in thr
MiiM-s and by (! at ir.taiii nuiintaiii thru Maltrrt inltrad
oHkii n krpt I'y th'-ni.

AUmt Cidccii l>.l)^ Jouincy fiom litrrr llr< frf.i!ii,
%whirt the Pcrtu^u'z: have Itlwwifr an I tl.^MtlVirrni, (iit)
jtil howtvcr to ihcdni-ral of Mff,imH(fHi\ ^ntl Krrc a
pujvligium Trade is ilriviti on, o1 which th< Pnuftiize
are, or mijj'it l>c, M-ilUrv It lor.Cilli ihiifly in (told,
of wliicli th-rc arc grratir (^laiitilir* here llian in any
otiicr tovintiy i.) the Wotld, liofc tlir anniul PiikUkc ol
ihi^ Market is totnputc.f, by the kll Ju.lRri. at l-oiiy-
fix tlKjufanl Ouiuev I hi-n 4ie valf «^iantitunil S'fdmjh
and Canary \\int%. Oil, Silki, I,ii\iiini, Cottons I'ofal,
a;vl other t.H'tfan Ciwih I'ol 1 lure, whirh are lairinl hy
the Inhabitanw ol thi htrji' Kinniiom of Sff.il.i, through
til the j^rtjt Fmpire ot M 'lonuufia, \^hllh thr Vortv
^uizt rtiic thf l.miii'- »I (.111,!, It. .01 (he pirwlijjio'.n
Qiuiuifie'i <'t that prrfiuin Mrfal win. h w brou|',ht In
then^ from tlu nee. Tin t> ate, likrwili, foiftc <Hhrr Vi ry
rah Commoilitus hroiiyht luihn by the Ni|/,r<K', fiifha'.
iIk- moll ixtilltnt M.<jiiy in the Wfiidi Kr'" '^waniitics
ct Iviiry, abundance ol Dr.r M.it», mIu. h ati niU(h
cllermcd !!) tiie India, and a i^ .it NviiJiN t ol Slavr^i Id
i.'iat (iea, and all the reft ol the Vctiuj^utZ'- '^ittlcnvnt',
■re lurnilhcit Irom hcr.ic. One nu) |iiftly wonder that,
lor.fii'i ting tl.v \i!'v,c of jlii^ .Sittlrment, ai.l it< tor.vc
rirnt Situ.iti(/fi, the Dutth h.ul ni.t male tlnmlelvM Ma-
lUr' (,l it I'jr.ii .it;u, a\ wtll a» ot all the oihir I'latej be-
loiiKin}; to ihc CriAvii of I'ttmnal on thi^ I oalV

in tl»e Year 1C05, t! tyam n*| fed AUi.tmliijht with vtry
little Si;<ctfj,wl.uh, lun*cv'.r, il.il i^oi.lili .lorage th'm ; a-.
it rr.ufl Ixr allowed, t!;jt wl.nc there i, 4 iV.dpn't ot (i.im,
ihcDjii.i' arc not eafl) ddioui^Rc.l An I, rhirelorr, In
if.07, they attavkiit 1; a Im.cjikI | imc with |.;fi.ifrr Korre,
Imt vMtli thr Unie 111 li;il; a> b.l.ie, rXitit ihit they
iia.'.c ihemfclvi , Maft-riol a rn h i'mupitzf r'ln'i, wlm h,
i:i lijn.e ni<at..rr, pjid the l'.x| 'iiK nt the I'jtj ',^flr)n.
'J his rich 'i u ir, lawtv r, ,\ iiui< li l.iUrn oil fiy the
ylrAhs nial ii.;, tlicmlilvcs M.iHiu ol M »l>,iza, and oilur
I'iaccj, wliiih ^ivrs till in jo ()|>|Hittui:ity u\ lu|>|>lyini',
the ///>(...'«> V. ih J-.urofrjn (.fjo.U, which thiy puithalc
in liiliercr.t I'.nt. of thi- In.lin.

As for the S!i.ir-; wlmh liir ihrlii/iitz: flill renin, the
<iokl oi.umcd thirdly is iVnt to <hii and to /)/«. where
ilisioiiicd into fioail I'lmv, lalkil .S7 fl .«,/•■, winch
art ivit worth ai^uw I la!! .i (inwn ol ()iir Money , and it
is oM-rVid that this Coin is ol a worf ■ Touih, thai is, of
it baler Aliay than any othtr in iln hiliti, win. h is another
Sif'not a di\li: .nn'I'ra.le-, forth' Saialifu, wlm h wco f..i-
iiierly toH.ed M Onum, wh-ii iii thr /'criu^u-t, 1 laods,
werrclffcmed the belt (ii>id 10 liir /i/./,(j ■, hut tl. y arc
fiow beeon-.iTxtreini ly liao e ; .hkI tin- .s/ •lltiMui't, are laid
to be cointii ill 1( U f J^-aiitities ivrty Vear.

;ji. Thii't I'olfcllloi.j art- (aid to pioduie Ijliiile to ih-;
Ki:.;^ ol J'ir:u^a!, O.mi a lus L'cn n.on; (li.in once dc-

l«ml in th*- Cf)uneil of that Fiin.r, whrihrr it wnuM
Iv lor the InrcrrU of the Crown, 1., al.and.m tfi.nul| (
H-thrr with driwinn their Artillrrv and Iffrai ,„(
are hkrwifc told, that it \% r.ot any i)<,l,i,..,l, btiVir,
rehgiom Motive, that h.w hind.re,! thi, Metfurc |r„mb
injj taken, the I'rirlf, having, fnrt;eff,d tl.j', m ih« o
a Miihitudc of Soul. WDUJd Ik- fiit to the Uiurrh y
Hull the left wonder at this, if we eonllder, that luch ji j
Klf anpiaintcd with th- ttfih.h^iTtnAr ..ITurriii, ,1,,
f^nnh- Merchant ami a linRle Ship (,f « realoinhl. Hurth(
may carry on ai pr.-at a lommerte n what, » ,,fr^,^
lubfitfi iKtwern LnhH and (/w. Tlni Matter hu
ever defer%e< (ome I'Xplanation. Thirf arc yrt a in
mar»» Ship* employeil Irom Gm, Din, ami Dtnu^
thcCoalUol /V>, Ptxit, Min,:.i, ind am.i, but t'li
are molflyonlhc Aacnmt of fmiui Merchanh, thwl
10^ fl arcp a PorlnxMfze Tnidrr at (ira M- to fiirmili t L
p) «)l the Value ol Ten thoufan ! CroiMis •. «id it nvi
mu< h dtmhted, whether, (in the whole ol their Trai
they employ above I wo hondod thmilaiul C.own.i
that If h not at all llrange that, one Year with inotli
there arr not alxive two ,Shi| s Irm ihreClly Irom O'tj
/,/.iA»»«,ind tholir not a tourth I'ait lo iichas whtntlity
ntully (mf twenty.

Yet th( re ha* fwn n I.ife Regulation niade it G«
the Prel'ervation and protnoftni', ol I'radc, which ih
who uitdcrftand that Subjeei Kll, agree com [k-jtcil
Kiiin This M an exelofivc fompany, whuh has the 1
Kinht to the Commerce of Khfumliijite and Matjc, wh
Company hai taken upon itlirlt ih • I'.iyinent ot the kii
Otficers, who are alt<> Two thirds concrrtied ihernn.wh
ha* gjivrn lu(h a HNiw to the ii.itural t'ommerie ol 6'
that the bell I'art ot th<- /'»rt'/.i>i Meri hants tliat were li
are now retired Irom thence. 'I'o lliy the 'I'rutli, it i
thf ^reat Sh.irt the Viceroy*, (.overiiurs, and other
rrr«, always took m Cominerer. without eontrihiitirgj
tiling thereto, except protolting the Menhar.ts from 1,1.
oil nee committed by thtmlelves on fmh as diJ notoJi
them to a Share in thrir Trade, that hrlf deftroycd the
tenlivc Cimmcr* e they enjoyed. And. upon this Suh'<
the Wit* of f h<- Miti have framed a very pretty AllcgJ
I'hey lay, fh.it when the Purtuj^utzt^xme tirll there,
had a .Sword in one 1 (and, and a Cnicilix m the
tiut that they mit^ht fill thnr I'lxkets the taller,
quickly difperfcd with the tirft, and Icxin .ilci r laid do*n
htl, by wluth they have lolf all. But though thc.r
afiil their Commrrce are fo much declined, their IV
a* j-'Tcat as ever, inlomurh that they rehile the Ni;
th<' Covir.rry, who are called Ciiiiinm, the Pnvi^
weanng .Sto'kinps thotif;h ffie)- employ them as I'l
an*, 1 jsvyer^, and Metehanf, by which many uf
are to iich that they krep a Dozen or I'ourteen Slav'
are m much better C:rturr.lfancis than the Per:
thcfidrlves.

'1 !,.• Keveiuies of the Church have luffcred very
by this IlirprizinR Change in the .State, there 1.
a Monaftiy tiiat doe* not receive tour or live tho
Crowns out ot the Treafury, nt the lame time th
dirrs Ifarve and mutiny tnr want 't I'.iv, s^■h;ch
much tlie hanler Ufwii the liovernment, beca'-ilr th
vertnd Fathers know very w.ll how to take ca:
theml'lves, ii.fomuch rhat ir i. at?;rmed, tf.e Jflu:
Ce,} have a lietter KeveniR- t!u;i the Crown of /Vr;
It IS not eafy to know what bctomes ot the Money
Chi.jrchmen raili. ; but ir is very evident, that th: V\
th'v l-olTets, together with tht )■ (hbhlhrnerir ot the
(Itu'.ii at (ica, IS luch a de-id Weij^ht on the Settlfnif
tnull tooniT or later delfroy it. 'I !ie wifell of thi
f^urz: in hurof'f undrrlfami tliis very well, and woi
I'lad to f( e fi.me proper Kenr.-dv applied, not troi
rrejudicc ap;ainll the Chureh or Chuuhmen, \vh;ih
cnouj^h Irom Ik-iii;-, the Vice ol that Nation, but 1
pure Kef^ard to the Crown, .uid to the Nation; in
would think, that the Ller^^y theinUlves, inllraJ ut
ing at more, ought to Ik willing; to part >wth lome I '
tioii ot what IS already in thtir I iaiuh, in order t'J
the State more able to protei^t them m the I'direltoi
R' inainder. Befi.ies, there is nothiDg ckarir, thai
the creauig of relnjioui 1 loul'ci, is dutdly upHJlit.

'hy

[if.

i,i'

Chap. II.

Portun;uc/c Empire />/ //;. I-.tlKlnJics.

6y9

vrry Scheme of pLwuirr, ami mutt alway, r«.„ ,|,e Setrl,- „ol>lc ;^. al he l.oil ui.oi. all CXcaf.on* (hewn (or .he Wclfjie
rrciiM whrrc It |itv»ils and iQiiltqurntljr (lie irJij'.Kius ot In. Country,

*' *'i^ Iharj) I'onRik', liiy^ niy Autiior, luilummi liioi

Hotilii thrmfolves whiili In oitamly .111 Arnunitnt tlut

o,#t «o pftvaj cvr., w,.b I op.ll. I'r.nm tw by fcna- Kc- m .hr 111 will ,.t .tlm.,ll all '.l.,.- Unury u» GV.. a,ul ..\.n«
lt„„>t .« the M.irw,nar.rs ,1,1^ ar,- i.nt al«-oa<l. ,.nlcl, thry " ,|„. CmII . I.m .,u„. i...rtiri,l.i.ly ot the lanuly ot Mdl
,,rrt.f the Keputanon ot Zeal amonw luth *, arc no com- •• which wa, ik.wciIuI m Kin.'rc J, ami great l.y lJ,rth. I lu

jiflfnt Juilgcn, n<.t oiily tii Maxima ol Poh.y and gowl •• AWront^ Ixioiuing

(.ovcrnmnit, In. to thr I , .nni-lt, o true Hchjjion. Kor, " NunU,er ot ftty, to ..u.ll. i.,m ; aiul luvrng a^ra.! un
it .hcr. kK- any I'.cty u^ .-o.vcri.nr I'awn. ,0 th, Chr.llun " ,hc 1 ,n>r. I'lau'. an.l M.niur ol ix.cutinL; tUu IXIltm,
Filth, itfollow^ that thfr.- 11 Ihll Hrwta iVty m tloiiiK " il.cy niailc h vcral l,<«,i,.h.)kH in thr lloul s ut the

thu ftiVftually, ami in nwititaininR t<«- ever the Kllablillj.
ment* necrlFary to lup|Mirt tl»cm, which Riulon and !• xpc
ficncr fhcws the buiUiing M<inolleriti, and maintaining
NtmilxT^ «)• idle People in them, will net do, but on ilw
contrary will hring on in time the Uellnidlion ot tholi: (.0-
lunirt, in which lhi« i iumour i^ lulFi red to prevail.

The very lall Ailviiej troin this I'art of the World in-
lorm us that i'evcral Indian I'rim.es were diivcn Irotn be-
fore 6'e.», which they had blocked up with a numerous
Army, by the powertui Succours lent by the prrlcnt King
of Portugal, and by the excellent Conduct of the lute Vice-
roy, who wa« the C iiunt dt Lauriial, and who, it 1 milUke
rof, was twice in the Imiifs, and liehavcd there with great
Kr|>utation. Such hx|K-dition!i, however, are to be con-
fidercd as Fjtpedients only, whicii may for a time prclerv*:
that Settlement, but can never rellorc it, or bring the Al-
fiiri of thit Nation in thefe I'arti into in good C)rdcr, m to
nuke them wor'h the Attention ot i Prince, who has the
Honour of hu Crown, and the (iood of his I'eople, at
Hcirr It may not therefore be ainils. More wc conclude
this Sei'tion, to ronfider what 11 like to be the future I'ate
ot the I'criuf^utzi in the Indits, in which, if our Conjec-
tures iTiould be jiillitied by I'.vcnts, they cannot but do
Honour to this Performance.

1"
*' tiiurter ami Tarilh ot St. J'tio; that they mi^ht llioot
*' him with mof Safety. The General, or rather Admi-
•' ral, piilua.liiii^ hiiiiUll, that tientlcmcn could not har-
" l)Our 1 h(jii>^lii» of t.il.inj; an unm neiou.'. Ucvinge, tlui*
•• warned 10 Ik: u|n.ii Ins (juard, beciule th(re weic tiea-
•• cluroiii l'r.ii*kim .ii'.iiiill him, would never admit .uiy
" Stjjiliers to atiinil hini, and particularly two Captaiu
" that Wire willnu^ to flian: 111 hii Uanncts. Thus being
" earned in a I'aU.ikin aiom, only with one Hl.ick th.it
•• carried Ins Umbrella, a .Shot w.is m.ide at lum Imm a
•' Moule, whuli i;ivin|', him a (li;^lit Wcuiid, he kajnd
" out ol the Palankm, and lakiiif; the Snull" he Ikid be.
" twccii his l'iii(ien,, laid, JClij is it )ou aim at i '!'< if-
•* tan (/(• Mao at th. Ir V\ or>;.s romiiig out ot lis lloule,
" anl'wered, at you, and rmd a Ulundeiburs at liim. I li',
" with AW uiulnuMted Cguia;>, dcl.iukd it v.ith his Cloak,
•' and bowing Ins Bnly, then drawing hi.-, Swurl, and
*' lallin;^ on hit Fiinny, he llruck him live tiiins, but to
" no I'urpole, bcaiilc he li.id on a Ccat ol M..1I ; where-
" upon he clett his 1 lead, and with a back Strol;e cut him
" over the face, winih maile him fall ; then takinr; him
" by the I lair, he K t hi-, bei t upcm him, and was (^oing
" to run his Sword into his IJn.id, liut 7rifiM beuj^ing
" his l.ife, he geiuruully granted it, laying, he would not

II. It is morally certain, that the Kftablilhments which " cmbruc his Hands in llitli bale liloud. In the mean

the Crown of Vortugal Hill has in the Eaft'lndia might, in
the Hands of an a<;tivp and indullrious Nation, turn to con-
fulcrablc Account v lor it has been long ago oblcrved by
M. 'lavernier, that the Port of Diu is as well lituated tor
Trade, and .as cap.ibli: of Improvement, as any in that Part
of the World, or more I'u ; and if put under proper Regu-
lations, that is, if m.ade in fome mealiire a free Port, it
mull necefliirily come in for a large Share of that Commerce-
now carried on at Surat, ami in all probability, retrieve
much of the Arabian and Pcr/ian Commerce that has lx:en
fo long loft to the Partunuezc. On the other hand, as they
have liill fome Faftories at Bifna^^ur and other Places on
that Coalf, it would be no difficult M.itter to rc-cftablilh
their Commerce in the Heart of lnd:a, at the lame time
that the Port of Macao would turnilh them with the Means
of liiiiplying the China Market as cheap or cheaper than
any other European Nation, becaufe their Colony at Mo-
jumbique is ti) fituateil, as to linve them tor the liime Pur

while out came trijlan'^ Son, and a Mulatto, (lb they
" call all thole that are i',ot between Bl.icks and Whites)
" ami liringtwoBluiiderluHes, lod(;ed I'evcral IJullits in the
" Atlmiral's Breall, breaking in I'uces the Crul's he wore
" as a Badge of Knighthood-, but ll'll he Hood and tle-
" tended himlelf, when a Slave came up and run him into
" the Side with a J.ivelin \ nor liid he go unpunilhed, for
" the General, with .1 B.ick-llroke, rippeil op^n his Belly,
" whereof he died at Night. MuchaJa being ready iolk-
*' pire, drew near to the Palankin, and fettm^ his Peruke
" to rights the bell he could, laid himlelf in it. The
" Murderers fearing he might yet live, one ol them, who
•' was a Prifll, came with a Blundeibuls in his Hand to
" make an end of him -, but licmg him ready to breathe
" out his .Soul, alked, whether lie would make his Con-
" feilion ? The Admiral called him Jew, and bid him go
" about his Bufiml's : Afterwards a Doiiiinicaii coming to
" him, he gave Signs of Hepentance, and giafping Ins

pics that the ('.apt- of Good Hope does the Dutd', or the " 1 lands, died with thetl- Wonls : The Blood of Chritl

llland of St. Helena the Enxlip. " " ■"' ' ' ' ' " " '' -'" '••-'- " ■"

But all thefe Advant.igis ri|;nify nothing in the Hands of
thofe who are fo far from pofrelling the Virtues requilite to
fuch Improvements, that on the contrary, tiiey are not only
tainted with, but over- run by fuch Vices, as muft unquel-
tionably overturn the bell Ivllablilhinent m the World. It

" fave me. They found 111 his Breall about thirty Bullets i
" whereupon Peopk- .idmiriig his Valour, I'aiil, he mult
'♦ needs have more vital Spirits than other Mortals, fince
" there mull i^o lo much to the killing him'."

'This Murder, foul and deteftabic a^ it was, could never
be punilhcd, lij powerful was the Family concerned in it.

is necelVary to fupport a Charge of this Nature by Fafts, and lb weak the Authority of the Viceroy, in M,UCtrs re
that It may not appear to be the I'.tilds of Fancy, Preju- kiting to Jullice. _ It is true, this llran-ic F.ict happenei.
dice, or Milinformation

1 Hiall mention but one, which,
as it IS very lin(;ular in its kiml, will at once aniwer my
Purpofe, and ferve to eidiven the Subjei't. The i'ur/«-
gutzt had, in the Clole of the kill Century, an Otler capa-
ble of doing much towards the Fxecutiun of Inch a Plan as
thi<, inafmuch that he was a Man of great Prudence and
Virtue ■, but withal, he had too high a Spirit, which led
him to triat the Vucs of his Countrymen with llich Afpe-
nty .IS drew upon him a difallrous Death, and thereby de-
feated all the I lopes that had been railed from the great

fifty Yeais ago, but things are far from b^'in^ mended
lince. AliiiflinatioiK are llill conuiion in this Country, ai.d
Inch as would not expoto their own Lives tor thj PivK'iva-
ti(jn ol the Colony aie ready, on the llightelt I'rovoc.ition,
to tommand their Slave;; to take away the Lite of anotluT
Man, let his Worth or Dignity be what it will, even at the
Altar, and this without tlie leall Apprelienlion of Juflice.
We need no c learer Pn^of than this, that the Minds ut tliclb
People arc totally enervated and corrupted, and that ,is Cow-
artis, they are cruel and r. vengeful, which wicked D.l'poli

Vidories he obtained over the Arabs and Alosrs, and that tions ante from a lazy and luxurious Life. We may therc-

iiir.ll of the Clulph of Om."!:, in ivhicli C lu-

*j,<;i Velfcli cf t'iC Ihmc Si/f,

111' .iiiclioreJ clofc by tlitm ^ill N:i;lit,

' Thi, gnlbnt Man Don .i,h',u .'..'.„A,,./, Ji Bii>. was general of the North, .ind aficrwar.ls .Ad
nfter hr K.ined ,,„mo,;..l Repui.,n ..,. In the .Month of ^;-,/ i6.,,v. he w,;h three hh.p. only louRht t..urt.-cn .hahun Xelfel. -t t.c l.iric S,/l.
in tl,.- H.,y of .'!..«/, for x who!.- I)JV ; .md when lie might h.wc retired fafcly into the I'ort ol /';.,. I

in .uKr to^uvo ren^^ d the l-.i-h, n.vt ■Morn,-)., ; Im, the .1r«h havmi- h::d h.h.ing enough .he Day hetoro. I ok a«,w in the 1 ..1., ^^^",
td their own Lo II Sever-d Bmt. full of f,,:-/./', frr.il; and D:.uh Me,ih,,„;s ivent Iron. .v,„«/ to lee thb Uitlle. and alicrw.i.ds lompUine, ted
"/";;::;' Al,rr.rh'..\,'.ory, littlcU^-Hng. .lut ^ote the Und .f tl....t Vc.,, a M.n, .h. h.d done luch eminent berv« to the I'ub-
f^^, would till. a> he d.d, a \ .ctlni to privilt Rcveigo. j-^^.

'•f

'\^H '

1 •

' ',

W III I

iii

1 '

' K

I i

■1{V^

! !

The HISTORY of the

Bool

•;. '!

! 'C,

fore fafcljr prfclic\, that tlie Continuance even of thatnender
Fowcr which the Portugutze have ftill left, cannot con-
tinue long, anil that for thefc two plain Realbns : Firft, be-
caufe it has been long, and is ftiil in a declining Condition,
fo that its Force being extreamly decayed, and at the fame
time continually employed in refilling the F.fforts of its
Knrmies, it is impolTiblc in the Nature of Things that it
fhouid fubfift for any Time : Secondly, the Maimers of
the People are entirely ruined, fo that there is not the leaJl
Ftobability that any fuch Reformation will ever be effected,
as might enable them to make fuch Ufe of the convenient
Ports of which they arc ftill |X)lTefl«l, as is necelTary to
Kvive and reftore their Commerce in the Indits. I venture
therefore to pronounce, that in the Compafs of twenty or
thirty Years, their F.ftabliftimcnts in thefe Parts will be
quite loft, and that in all likelihood, Gta, Din, and Daman,
yi\\\ he loft firft, which will neccflarily draw alter them
the Dcfertion of Matar, which cannot long fubfift by its
own Force, and lies at much too great a Diftancc to receive
any cftVftuol Succour or Supji<irt from PertugaUWreiWy *.

It is inder J jx)nible, that Accidents out of the Reach
of human [1 crfight, may prevent, at leaft for a Time, the
Complrtion ot wlui I have prtdided -.but without the In-
tervfition of fonie fuch Aciident.*, it will certainly come
to \-i\'^, and when it docs, jierhajis it may not be much fo
the bitaiivantjge ot Poriuj^al \ lor when Colonies contri-
bute litt!r to the R;'n"fn ot a State, and are ot no I' ft- in
promt. tin{i its naval Power, the Idol's of them cannot lie
conlidcrat as very detrimental, except to t'lich as are iVt-
tlcd i'l thim, *hich is a Conlidcration wtll worthy the
Attention of every Colony, fince it fticws that the Re-
lation between it, and its Mother-Country, is tlie (b!e
S(.u:rc of thi- Writ'arc of bc-th, and cannot tuerrfore t>c ta-
ken sway without hazarding the IVI'ruChon ot the Colony.

;^. The 1 lillory of the Rilr, Profsrcl"' , am! l^-clcn-
fion ot the Perlu^ttze Commerce in the I>idi(i was never
wnttc n bifore, and therefore I hope will apix-ar the more
3[;reeable and enfrrtainirg now. \ve have here, in a very
narrow Comp.if<, prei'ented t'le whole of it tu the View
of the f.'-t;i:ih reader, with all the AicuMcy and Im-
partiality that lay within the Rcarh of our I'owtr •, and as
we have, throughout t!ie wiu-le Section, intermixed our
Rrmaiks with the Matters I't Fact, we ftiall be very Oiort
in our Ohferv.it:o-'.s here. It m.iy not, however, l>e amif^,
to fupgclt, by wjy of Conclufion, that though tliis, with
refjxct to the Circumftances attending Faifl', is a (urtieu-
lar Hiftcr)*, yet the intclhgent and judicious Reader will
very eafily jierceive, that, at the Bottom, it c(jntains a ye-
neraM lew of flirRil'r, Progrefs, and IXrcay of all Com-
merce ai:d naval Power, winch aic at tirll (at Icall, ge-
nerally ([taking) the F.tVe(;is of private Virtui-s, or, i;i
other \Vorif«, are prodiKxtl by the extracrelinaiy Abilities
and iinwearicil 1 jix)urs ot paiiKular Men in Scalbns pni-
|)er for fi:ch I'ndrrtakinp.s, and with tlue AITillaiiie from
that State 111 whii.i fuch (icnij apjx-ar.

• It u rerjr rtmirialile. tKal I'^/ftn d. (Umt, wKofr Sutut it over one of ih« Gitei of Gn, wai not onl/ thr Ilifcovfrfr of \.U Pjifigf |
V'/./i hi !h« C.-.ft c/ o<«rf H«jt. bill iivnl 10 itt iIk Wi.bliOinwnu maJc by hi> Lount7:nca in (hole fjin, caiiril 10 \litr ^_!<.mA llcigi.; J
the ; im«ei he iJemilt the Pki-i^iiitj K-npirr in ihe Kail »it m in »r.,>,! lloutifliir.g CoriiiitKin. Il 11 llicviir rrm irkjblr, ttui ilif Snol :Sj
I>JO .i.fe-.i, , f.'fiimftffut, »!»■. »ii ihe to«(]ufro» oli;.j. livrU lo (rt iht l)«!n(ion oi ihcii .Xii^i'. in ilic U.I n, lui ihc ptniijii 'U. P'Oi;|
Sfcc l>»i.i r. tncit I «(«i« I he wm!c i inle chticfo t ot ..Sc IhK-iytix , Aiquifitiom, and I ol:r» o( ili > N.iuon, uke 111 110 jiciin*.. nif,
fxj nutnl/cii tuti i^tij t t»ri. hJ-aI u ur> lu: c ..1 Cwr.i'am'oii to the linic iJiii i uilc uu wU kv the ; ,m mj, ur itic /■,->-»-.

The advantageous Confet^ufnces that arife from
Expeditions, beget in the Body of j People a Spir
Induftry and Commerce, which, by giviiig a new Tu
their Genius, nnd raifing at the fame ^ virtuous En
tion, in a Ihort Space, (hortcr indeed than can be
imagined, create a naval Force, and thereby tlUblill
new maritime Power. But, on the one hand, the W
derived from Commerce, and that wondeilul Fioi
Succefs which ufually attends a Nation [wwcrlul at
very often produces Luxury and Inlolcncc, winch t
rally lead to the Ruin both of Trade and naval Powt
do not mean, by Luxury, the Poftcllion of all the 1
lures and good Things of this Life, but the affciftinp
thing elfc. If it were otherwife, we ought not to u
Commerce at all, becaufc it is the ccruin Source ot Kk
and Affluence •, but there is a great Ditlcrence lxt^
pofTclTing and ufing gooti Things moderately, and h
lb bewitched with them as to dedicate our wliole Tut
to their Enjoyment; bccaufe, if there were nooihtr
gument to prove this wrong, the Thing proves n
lincc it is im[x)iriblc to prefcrve Pleafure, luf pofing I
pinefs to conlift therein, if v .• do not fpend a great
of our Time in thinking of fomewhat elle.

It was for want of attending to this plain Tnth,
t!ie r^r/i/fK/z^ delpifcd and contemned the Duiih on
firft Appearance in the Indits; they conlidcreil their
Force as lb much fiijierior to that of tlkir Knemies,
they never reftcdcd on the Means by which that f
was raili d ; I mean the Valour, Indultry, Patience,
dence, and publick Spirit of the lirtl Adventurers ;
which (jjialities being now on the Side of tlieir Comi
tors, and wanting in thenilHves, ought to have awakt
them to a Senfe ot their Condition, and to a Ketumto i
Virtues which originally pr<xurcd, ami weit alone abl
pref-rvr, their exicnilve Poflelfions. But continuing
they did to provoke on one hand the Natives, and to
pleCt on the other the necelfary Precautions againft
Dulib, tli'-y dnl thr Bufineli ot their tnemics, andd
u[xin fhemlelves that Dcllru'lion which could never ot,
Will- have been brought ujxjn tliem.

I have before obt'erved, tiiat like Cauf-s will, in
Cafes, be attended witli the like F.liVit.s and there
there will l>c no Occalion to repeat tliele Keiiurks in
Progrrf' o! this Work ; though it would nave been at
Overfiglit to have omitted them here, inilmueh as
contribute chictly to render our Labour uiclul and im
tant, wtiich otherwitt; wouki be no more tha'i an aj
able Anv.ilernei;t. To relieve the Header hcwcvcr 1
fo lerious a Courii: of Htiuly, we have, in liie r.ex:
fion, given him the Travels at large, ot a vjry ci:
Diftovcrer, and the only one who lus ;;ivcn us a toie
Account ot that jlrchipdago, wiiitli is the Subject of
Performance.

hi ,)•

S F (\

% ■ I'f. L

Jdl

SECTION XXIV.

rhc Voyage ./Francis Pirard dc Laval to the Eaft-Indies ; his Shipwreck amongfl the Mal^
^w^h and ht! copious Account of that Pixchx^thgo.
Traiidatcd from the Author's Original Voyage, publinied by himfelf in French.

,. An Auount of the D.-fign of this l^oyage, and the Author's Embarkation for the Eaft-Indies, Muv ,8
,60 1 . 2. ^he remarkable Accidents M happened in their Pajjage till 'their Arrival at the IlJand of
Aiv.bon. 3. ney double the Cape ot Good Hope, and arrive happily on the Coali of the Ifland ofui
(iagalcar. 4. Thev meet ^ith a dreadful Storm there, and lofe a great many Men by the ScuUy and Sur-
pts. 5. Proceed from thence to the Coniorro-Illinds on the Coaji of AfHca, near Mofambiqnc, ivhere
they refrefh ^nd refit. b.Jhe Ship on board oj i,hich our Author 7cv.';, 'wrecked amcngtl the Maldivc
IJands, and himfelt made Vn\oner. 7. A general Defcription of thefe If.ands, their Product, and the
People ^.cho inhabit them. S. The Divijwn of thefe Ijlands into feveral Provinces, icith an Account of the
Sea that prfounds them. 9. 0/ the Original Inhabitants of this Country, their Complexions, Stature,
lemper, and Manners. 10. fhe vaji Fertility of the Maldives, and the Nature of the feveral kinds of
Orn and bruits produced there, lu Of the Birds, Fowl, Fifi, and other forts of Provifons, and of
tlyir prodigious Plenty and excfive Cheapnefs. 12.^ very lingular Method in ufe among the Inhabitants
jorjeeig^ng-iebatever is loji m the Sea. ,3. Their Language, Religion, Temples, Priejls, and Form of
f'Mek It rrf.ip iritb occafiona[ Remarks on them. 14. Other Ceremonies of their Religion, together with
drir Feajls^ and F,i/.'s, and Dtver/ions at fitch Sea fns. 15. A large Account of their Marriages, the
Manner of tlxir fettling Jointures, and their frequent and voluntary Divorces. 16. Their funend Cere-
monies, Prrfits accruing thereby to the Priejls, and other curious Particulars relating to that Subje£f.
17. yl Defcriptiou of the Drejs of Men and fVomen in thofe Ifands, and of the Laws m relation thereto,
tuui other Circuinjhinces. iS. Their Cujioins in Eating and Drinking, Laws for prohibiting of Luxury,
a>id generous Concern for the Poor. 19. Superjiitious Cufloms among them in relation to the Killing of
Bc.ijh, Ufe of Baths, Sailing, and other Caff. 20. An Account rf the Difeafs which prevail among
the Inhabitants ; their Skill in Phyfick, and other Sciences. 21. 7 i:e fir tin's and I'ices of the MMiv.ms,
with fome curious Particulars relating to their Women. 22. Alarge Ace:.int of the Nature of their Civil
Government, Power cf the King, his Privy Council, Judges, &c. 23. Criminal Punifime: is in Ufe
anmgjl them ; together with the Ejlate of their Military Ejlabiijhments. 24. A Defcription of the King's
Palace, Habit, Manner of Living, and other Ciraimjlances relating to his Court. 25. His State when
he appears in Publick, the ^een's Court, and the great RefpeB paid them by their SubjeSis. 26. Tfje
Particulars of the Royal Revenue, the Nature cf the Coinage here, and if the I'ahi: cf their Commerce.
27. The Manner of the Autim's Efiape out of this Country, after he had remained aPrifoner therefor

■ral Tears. 2S'. The Author's journey /o Bengal, and Return out of the hulic%. 29. Remarks and
*i, . /^^ .^-j r> ■».'.../

Ol'J'ervations on the foregoing Particulars.

1 1 1'", R I", arc Toiiie \'oya,''e.s ar.il Difcovcries
whii.li ntvcT IuIl- tlnir \'aliie, bccaufc hcvlt
liilH'rffdcd by ary thin;j; more excellent in
tlicir kind ; and tiiis wc may tmly alF.rm to be thi: Cull:
tt that Voyaj^c wliich wc now prt km to tlic Vn'w ol the
RcaJcr. It contaid'. a very curious, accural;', and cir-
cuiiiilaiitial A(c:nint <>l Countries and I'eople, who, tho*
they lie at the very Kntranccot ih--- Iiuiies, were never de-
Liibcd before, nor has any I'ublequent Account of tliem
appeared capable ot enterin,'; into any Dejyee ot Conipa-
r:lun with tiiis which we luve belore us. Our Author ap-
i urs to luve been a Man ot gomi Senle, and yrcat Ob-
Icrvaiion. 1 le was led to travel ftoni al luinour common
e:iuiii;li in Youtli ; 1 mean the Defire of Ictin^; new am!
Ilraii[;e Things •, but, at the fame time, this Muniour of
!..> w.'ts regulated by a i)if;iofuion not very common in
youiij; People, whii h was that of looking to the B'jttoni
ut whucver api«'ared worthy of Notice, arid of labouring
!' acquiie whatever 1 alents were nrcellary to maLe lo
tuiimviirh an Imiuilition. It was from tlieie I'lineiples
ti'it '„ licrived that Conllancy and Refolution which arc
iJ c^.^picuous in the following Relaiii-n.

lie was, doubtlefs, in Hopes, when he undertook this
' xj'aiition, that all Things would have fallen out favour-
•iWy, and that he (liould have hcen entertained with tlie
\M of .tll the Cunolities in the bidics, with little 1 la-
'-•ittl, and fomc Cjaia to hiir.lc II : liut when it lell out
^^ilierwile, and he tound all tlufc Uc folutioni over-turned
I'V the unlucky Accident of a Siiipwretk, he did not lofe
f'dur his Reafon <ii- his Spiriis 1 but, on the cor.trary, de-
i^riiun-d to make Ulc ol this Acudent to further his Dc-
'^g'l ot oLtair.ln:'; a dilbnct Kiiuwkd^c of the I'laees and
Nlmb, \1.\ III.

People whom it was his Fortune to vilt. It was in con-
fequence ot thefe Ninu.ns, that he tx iniined carefully, and
reconled taithUnly wh.ir wt c,ii;ie within the Compafs of
his Notice : And rliai h.- iiiiylit enlarge tlu' Circle of his
UiKicrllandint;;, he applied himltlf witli Dili'.'.ence, nrft to
Itarn the 'I'oi.gue ol the Country, v.nA next to enter into
a tree Coverlation with regard to tlicir own All'aiis ot every
kind with tho I'cople then^felvcs ; lo that his Jud;!;ment
always went along with his Curiolity 5 a;-,d we may relf la-
tislled that he has not reported Thugs barely as tiuy ap-
peared, but as they were.

Alter this Accoui-.t of ourAuthor,it's rcquifite we rtiould
fiy Ibmewhat of the 'f ime and Manner in which this
\'oyage was ii;;.;ertakeii, and afterwards wc fliall lea\'C
liini to fpeak lor hiinfelt'. The l-'anie of the li.^fi-bj.lia
Commerce m the Beginning ot the llvcntecnth Century,
provoked ionic Ireiuh Merchants of St. Mulo, Lava!,
and I'itre, to think ot lem'ing two Ships into that Part of
the World, which Projeel they executed in theSp:i"^of
the Year if.oi. The biirgetl: ot theie Vellels was . , the
Burthen of three luindreil Pun, ca'led the Crcifinl ; tiic
Idler ot two liundreil 'Pun, c.uled the Con:ii : Phe kr-
r.icr of thefe was under the Lomniand of the Sicur de De.r-
diiicre, the other und.er that of Iraiuis Grcut, Conltal.lc
of at. Mulo. Th(y filled from the fill mention-if Port
(.'11 the Eighteenth of /V/,;v, iooi, niul had nor piocte;!cd
aliove ten League. oi.t 10 Sea before their Miz/.en-Malt
fpht and bi-dke 111 the Mid.ole, which, l,i\s our Author,
W.US the Beginning ot our Misloiiurus; And riicir ]-ii!lory
he continues thus.

2. On the 2 ill wc fill in with nine great Dutch lioy;,
each ol will' h laluted us v.;ili a Gun, \)\.n o<r of rinm bc-

.s I ' 11-3

,«;l«

'if

in •]' •:, i

70i

"The J'Or.lG t. if iM:A...i„ ;'i;i/.i.i

1'.. i

■ '' LouK

1 f ■■ '

inf» loatied with Ball, Ivar tl.r Sail of xheCorlm to Pxcit •.
upon «-!\i«.!i the N'Ki-Ai.mir.it tirni two Cum. on the Uij,-
pirx o\ the Ship ih.it h.ul miiircJ iiim ; ami ilu- Ailnm.il
uckir.g to tlu'\Viiuiw.irii ot ili;' /).v,',i Admiral, 1; ic.iil .I'l
hr. Sails, and \'\u\\ .1 Ciiin upon rlirm-, tlv Di.lib Avln,i-
wl prtltfntly tiruck, and, lnvinj; iiitormnl li.oii.-if th.u
thr Milthaiicf was ociifioncd by the OvrrtiiTtit ct .i(am-
rcr that was in Drink, liclivcrcd up th<: Ounmr t<> the
/•>,;;. ^Admiral, ill order toi'm>'i;vi I'linulinv.Mit, and be;,-
gui lie would pardoii the Mil'.akr. Our Admii.U tiiid-
mg how th. Matter llood, laid, lie drCiud. no tmriuT .Sa-
tiilachoii , and h,ivii<j r.rurncd t!ic Gunnci, enti itid t!ie
J^uub to vouchl'atc him a I'aidai. Mow \.v Duld-
treated h;;n attci-wards 1 know not ; though I do not
n-.uch doubt b.it tiiey hanged !)ini i.m imnt\'ntcly aC the
Yard-aim-, lur the Dut^b nl'iervc'an tx.ict Dilciphnc
ariKing tl.cir Ships, and fufler r.o Mil{akt> to pal5with Im-
pu.iity \ and trom thence it conKi to p^'s tiiat their Na-
Vitiation is more rutcefslul tii.Ti the Frctiib.

/line the id we dricued the Qin.irj /j.wJs in r.S, :9,
and -,o* N. Lir, The lith and 17th v\- cime within
^ight iA tl-.c liLinds (if Cup/ !'nJ, which r'..n from ;o to
14* N. ijt. On the ;i,tii we '*ctc in 5,' l.U. and dil-
lovercd the South-Stai, ca'!,-d t!.i' IJr.j}; at the tune
lime we law a prixf.piuus t^iani.iy of I iymp-Filh, wu!i
Wir.gs like thole ot Bars, whi.:i ar,- very picniil'ul near
the hquinoc'.ial Line, whether en the North o; Souih-
fidr. On tlic 14th \ii July wc dilcovercd the unhealthy
Cell of Guinea, being cani:d (..it of our Couric in a
Calm by thr StmM;th of the Ciirrints. .lupjl th-- J4tit
wr trollcvi the t'-tiuitor, on b<t!) Si irs of which, tor tii-
I'Xtcr.t (;l 7 or S fX-i;^ees, wl- ha.i very unconOant \V ea-
rlier ; t!« greated Calms wire commonly tuii-.ed into
Thundt ring and 1 .ightenin<;» cfpecially wiun the Sun is
near tiic l-Ajuinoxes' and with fx?;licrov;s Winds, wl-.ich fi'.r-
)5iii't-d us lo fud. ienly, that we could (caret- ;-,rt our Saili
d-jwn 111 time. '1 he I feat w-as fo {.•real that i! m< Itrd our
Can.lirs and Buttrr, c>)iru;>t'-.l f.'ii Watc, and Ijioiicd oi.i-
Meat und Kifi, thougli ncvrr l.) well l.ilttd.

We frec;uently faw {.-^rf at ">N Inrl-Winds rifing at a Hi-
flarrct, talkd by the Scjukti Drnt^onj, which lliattcr ar-.d
tivenurn any .S.'.ip that tails in their Way. When (hcl'c
•••pp/eai- the Sailurs have a iUpriiiinous Cullom ol repair-
it-jj t^ t.'iL- i'row, or t!u- Side tiiat lies next the S'. j.-m, an.f
fxating naked Swortk ugiint! oiu- anotiur cioirwile, li'>.n
a vai'i Ai^prthnihon of prevci.tm;; their Approacli I y
that Mcaiii. In tins Climuc the Rau:s are vtr\- i;an;!e:<H;s,
for if one is wet and do<$ riot immediati-Iy fhil' himl'clf,
i.i' Boi^y is fiw.n coveKd ovtr v. lil) Blotches, and hrs
Cloitfis wifl> Worms. In the Time of a Calm Shijn roll
pro.;ij,iou!ly m iLok S^aj, but when they run wiL « /iclh
<jalc ihey -'re moT lUady.

;;. .JK,?*// the .-'^tli our I'ilof, who wa' an F.n7.'ijtmi:i;,
dilcovrrcd Land t-n l^ea^ues of!' ■, lor tir-ugh we cn-'ea-
vouf^d to ftand <ine Inindrr! 1 .ramu s off to Sea, the
C.iritJ drove ii5 towar'H ifii- Shore. Thin we fcii..-, --
l< thr Me 1,1 ^-Imuoh, [''"lirllcil by file PsriK£urZi, w!..-.-
wr itOK in frcih \V»cfi- anri Iruit, .ivd rhe Inh-i^itants, .;;■
fr i ^ijicw ot CiViiity at tiil^, trcachercniHy flew one of
our Men, and t-^jk five Prif<jncrs. This lOand » go-
verned by a Pcriu^uffe Lord, who !iad t!:c Gift of it trom
tl-.c Ki.-.g of ipaiM, till- other i'criH^urz( wlitj inha! it
it ic- .r-.ly hi<. f-aiitors and C')nmiilTaries. '1 he Native,
who .' his Slaves, ai- Nrgiocs, unci go naked, co-

vering .'icir l'rivi;i<-s with Cotton. Th< ir Women carry
their Children ujxjn their Batl:», and hkkir th;ni cv r
thnr Slioiild-.rs, their Breatls being rery long. T:ie
liland :s Cituatcd iji 1= yj S. Ijt. and is Hve or fiv
I/^r.;i.es in Citaimlcrencc. It is liigh, mountainou', an!
a:.vay.- j^ret-n. 'VV.r Ko.id i- oi. thr North- Wed Side, and
i vtr7 lUng-rous, by rratiin of Mats and Rocks. We lay
tnT. Ux cr (<'vcn W«?k«, and, during that Time, it
rair.cd ever)' Day, more or 1' Is. The Country products
rrrat Pitnty <A l-'rait and Cotton, in which all the Rcve-
M.CS to tl.r Lord are jwid. TK:!rFith is extraordinn.-y
g'>.d and vrry iM-.-i!tilul. At the Diibi.ce of a 1 r.i[nic
an.' a hilf tiom .ifiai'OH, there i» a httic lirorclrd Iiland,
vsL.^h a!u,rd» nodrccns, l>ot is fo covrrtit with l-ow'
ul.fd Pr:^uin , ihat w..'. laiinot walk ajiy where without

trcaiiinf, u|vin thnr l-.^,»;,. This I-'t.vI i. no Wmr,.
a Pidgcon, -,1.1 the l-iclh 1-, I :.,.!.:, Uu-.u; [^^^.i
well. " '"

On the 1 6th ol O.lbtr wu put <•> .Sra .-.-..n, a^d
t-nnhn- the i-th we mad. the lllaiid c| .i;.V/i,<)Mi\v|
he, m K' S. 1 .it. at the D.lUn.c of tuc liurd,. „ {^j,
from the Cape cj <.,cod Ihpe. l'(vin tiic Alur ot a (
jx-l ii this lll.ind sve touiul li-verai Lctn-n, a;l-/,iT,;T
the Dutib lia-.l padl-d that Wav. Ilva- we i;ii!t',
have litrtvl our Mi/in.M,,il, jjut l.-irj n')VV(;uHitli!.-
Puipolr. The Air, l-'iuit, FK .h. and W.-.tirU that!'
.lie lo iK-althy, tli.-it our Men, wjo wtre n nrli (vju-
svitli the Si 111 vy, recovcKil in the Sp.;..-e ot nine Djvt."
the ii\\\ we la Sad, and llooJ lor the Ci.pf c; dtiin
and three Days alter e'.oubled yiirc.','j<, w'hlriiarc all
ol Shilvcs upon the Coall of iitiizii\ 1,1 i^o.s. Lt
level. ty l.«agues long. The doubling of iIk;- .Sar>=
botli d'.llicuJt and d..iig;erous, and m failing to tl^e i
JnJtf.', an i-.\pert I'llot ouglit to be very c.imioiii in b
ing to a i-..U Uillance from the dutnt.'t Coalf, vvinc
very unhealthy, and incommode.! with C.ihrii and ^
rents, am!, at the lame time, tfandiiig of^ from ilx
i'rci.'eu tor tlie doing ol whu h there i^ S ,1 Kconi ei-.u.
l.nce we re<.kon a tliouland Leajjiies trcni the Coaf
...■'( ii-j to tlut of /fr.;.-Tf/. liavin;; iloublrd this U-v
continued our t ouife for the Cape •/ (jotj Ucft^ m\
a kw 1/ays we knew tliat we appioached it ly tin-
p.farancc ot th- Reeds called Ironilu-, and wliiti.- f-x-ci
l-owl<. llaviii'^ weathered die Copf of Good lhu\
came i!i Si;'ht ol th.it of .-/^'///w'.u or ,\'(,d.'(.\ whiili'ft
tilte(-n Le.ipi'.s tarthcr into the Si-.i, and Iirs m •-.'•S
This Cape drnvci its Name trom the Olil-.TV.-.ti.'!,
when a Shij) comes before it, tir, \ edie of the t'oni
points directly northward, without declining to t'le ',
01 WciL

We met J,:nuary the 6th, Kio:, with a violent .'J;:
in which i :ie (jf our Se.imen Icll (,A-irbo.:rd, ic.d
l-ompanion would have jumped alfr liini if we hj:l
jreviiited hint ; though, after all, I took his Offer t;
the l-.tVeft ot Wine rathe; than true Atiediun; tir t
is bur htt'c I-"riendfhip among ('--.i- faring Mm. I'urli
our Cowrt*, we fleered liy the Country of \'ti'ih, n;.
Coail of Liiispia, without .aiy Storm, which was ii.i-
i:i'):i in tliofe .Seas-, lor bcf^een th:- ,-jd and :'^
are never, almod, withidit siolent Stormj, Al.ir
sse niidook our Coiirle, thio' the Ignorance of the 1'
and, on t!-.? .^th cf I-\!ru,:r:, finding . iilt!vc; v.
1 and-'"idc of 67. Lirxrouc, tacked alout, in cr.'t
mikc thr other ^'.I'.r.

4 Fdrur.ry t'.e yth, having palTcd tfi.it II'...' .
in^; to mir Wifhe', wc v.erc hirpri/e.l all on a f ■.
a Violent Storm from the .'^ouili-WcP, Ix-ir.:^ Icfs-uqw
with thofc Se.-is than the Pcriu^ufif, who nuke t:
IVoviHon* fVjr fu'.h Accidents. In the Storm it iv
dark at Noon Pay, tliat we could not fee the Heave
one ar-.othcT- -, (iiir two SIiips were !";i.-'.r.!t:-,', and '
were roic to R.ai',s, fucli v. us- the l-'ene of the K;
Wind, that they woiimled our l-'a;Ts like fj n;:i: ;
of Whipcord. Ihc Waves fwrli.d fo hijl'. a".i
in U[>on the S!..ip, that we could not ibnd upon i
In fhil Pl.ife wr continued f< ur D.iys and fair N':;;..
fomeof thr M-n that w. re on H^urd applifd f'l^'ti
to devout 1- .-crrcifcs, wliile t'.- ■''".nlnrs redunblf i t':--
.-tnd BLilphcmi- V Our ar.ci nteil Pi!(/ . :!nd Sei-,
trdei! tiity never rncounter!.- ! ti:ch a Tempeft ; '
Bulinels wa«, they rev-r had IwH in tHcfe bis-:,
fwell higher t!un ellewher-

On the I ith the Storm being over, w- {!oo-
LMirnur, K-inr^muchdifabled. A!lourM';n\vtrf
r- 1 hall ilcut, 'jii\^\ w- had nor a Ma-i o.-. IJoar !, !■
(lunner, rh.it had ever be-n in the /«.nVj before. \
I ame within tl.iity or forty I eagurs of the Irtam , ''
ap['earcd yt llnwifli and frt..rhy, and wa-, covered »it.;.
and l!oarn'-g Hrriis which 'or.tinued trj appear nn;;
fare till th- P;th, th.it we arrived and ra'l Arc.ior
Juiu>i,n\ Hav, 111 2 ;o y-> ^^ith I Jtiru le. 1 \^-^^i^
an.l very tonVement, iiaving an exrellert i.rour.J'-
and S,r,d. The fame DaV th- Cr«-/-A/ re; mzu 1:1
twelve Davj Separation, a.".d wai niot^ diiibku t...

I- 'if'

Cliap. II,

to the E A S T - I N D I E S.

Tlic Seamen being fiorbutick, we mar!<ril out a Place on
tlic Short' for the Sick, and at the lami- tunc a ])uuh's,\\\u
was forced into the funic Hart)oiir bv Stn-ls of Wiathc-r,
which had not one fick 1-land on JJuaid. Tlic Narivis
gave us Cattle, Fowls, Honey, and I ruu, in Exchange for
Knives, Sciflers, and Trinkets of httk Value •, ln:t the
Vlace wasfo unhealthy, that many ol our Men ilud, partly
by ihe Scurvy, and pattly oy a Fhrcnctick I'tvcr. VVc lay
dirfctly under the 'I'ropick o{ Capricorn, and the Siin-hcams
darted upon us almoll in a perpendicular Line ; lixiie had
their Legs fcorched, and ulteratctl throu<;h tlu ir Stockinj^s ;
ray, the extrcani Hrat would iuve innmimodal us nio're,
if It had not been tor the Convcniincy of a fine Kiver to
bathe in, and the Siiades of a large Wood. We wtre
polled at the i'oot of a great Mountain, whir h was covered
with Inlimty ol large l.izards that oHen d no Hurt to any
Ixidy. The Wood was replenifiied with ;in innumerable
Quantity of little Monkies and Apes, which entertained us
with a continual Shew of dancing about, and (kippin;;
from Tree to 'iVce. Parrots arc there very numerous, and
make an agreeable Harmony, with their various and warb-
ling Notes. Not to mention the Indifcretion of our Men in
over-feeding in fo hot a Climate, and the pernicious Con
Irtjuences th.it attended it : I (hall only take notice farther
uf tiie unfpeakabie Li.?alinef'i from th ■ I'i:es by Day, ,uid
the Ciiiats that pcllered us by Nnd't, in piercin;; the i'lefli
till the Blood came, and an Intiammaticjii ifllied. 'I'his
jnronveiuence was fo cuttin!^, that fome crept into Sacks
and 15ags, leaving only a fmall I lole to bnath throii'^ii,
and all of us wtre forced to m.ikc lircs, and lie dowi? in
the miJft of the Snioak.

Tlic ITiand of H;. Laurence h.is feven hundred Leagues
ill Circumference. It lies between 26 and 14" South La-
tituiie. It abounds in Cattk-, elpccially Sheep, whi'h
bring forth three or tour Lambs at a time ; the Cattle arc
not ini[)ropriatcd, but common to all that catcii them -, for
the Inhabitants, and indeed moll of tlie other hidiani,
chofe rather to feed on Lilli, I-'owl, and Milk. 'Tistom-
r.-.on there to (ee two or tluei' hundred Bulls and Cows in
o.u- MirJ, and when they come to crols a broad dccj) Ri-
ver, the Cows r.iil'e their Heads upon the Bulls Rumps,
and fo get over. We anchored at the Mouth of a River
that afforded grent Plenty of I'llh and Crocodiles, and
wi.en we killed a Crocodile, and took out its Lntrails, we
I'bferved, that like Mu(k they mule .1 very agreeable Fer-
lunie in the Air. The Natives are of a tawny olive Cn-
luur, inclining to red ; tiiey are tall, Ibait, well made, and
not only ot a ready ^VpprJienlion, but wile ; their 1 lair is
long, and wreatlied into TreHcs, They are naked all over,
excepting that their Pi ivities are covered with Cotton Cloth.
The Wumen wear one Piece ol Cloth, that covers them
Irom under their Brealt to their Girdle, ami another that
reaches from thence to the Knees, their Heads being bare,
and fnavcd. Their Arms are Darts and Javelins, ca'led
. /2,;/(7VC/, for the Noife of a Gun frights them exceedingly,
'lis l.iid that this Illand w.is formerly j)CopIed by the
CLiiiffc-, upon the Occafion of a Shijj's being call away f.poa
tliat Coali ; and indeed tliey rtl'emble the Chmej'i very
nuich, badng that their Complexion is not near lb white,
■which perhaps may proceed from their going iiaLci!, and
living in tlie 'hrrid Zonr. At prefent the lliaiul is very
l«pulous, and governul by lever.d Kings that wage War
with one another : Some of the Inliabitants arc Mohaiiiim-
i'-:r!, and circumcileil, and the reft are Ptigans. The in-
lanil Parts of the Idanil are in great Want of Water.

c. On the 1 -^tli of Mnu h.iving refitted our Ships as
«til as we (ould, and pro\ ided ourfelves witii Water,
^Vcov!, and Id; Hi, which alter all would not take Salt lo
well as what we have in liwcfr, wefet fail, and Ikercd tor
the Ccwcrro lllands, irom the Conluleration that our Com-
pilement of Men w.is very ihtirt and fickiy. The 23d made
thffe lilands, which lie in 12" ;o South luititude between
St. I^ureiuc aiul the Continent of Jfrlai, at the Dillancc
DflfvnityLc.igues fioni.l/iZuj-v/^/./.V'. There are live of them,
each id whiih has a peculiar King, and one ot them called
MulaiJl, being furrouuded liy the otlur four. \Ve chole to
andtor in i^ Road ; we law Icveral Villages alliore, the
Inlubitantj of which uled u:i kindly, and gave us fruits in
t.x liangc for Trinketi iiud« ot Iron. The Inlubitants ol'

7°J

thefe Iflands are Mohammcilcr.: , being a Meduly of fcveral
Nations, via. uhiopiam, C'J/ra, AravMns, imd fcrft-
nin. They are true i-rici d.s to the Portti^tieze, and a tun-
ning, Hiarp for: of People, that ate not lit to b'.- con-
fided in.

_ When our Men olFcred to land at a little Vilia::;... to' take
in Water, the Inhabitants rofe up m Arms, anU oppoll:d
their Landing, till they i\-ni them five or fix Ciowns , after
which they allowed clicni to take as much Water as they
pleated. All thefe lilaiid.-, are cxtnam f'ei tile in Orani^w, Ci-
trons, Cocoas, Honey, IJerel, and Rice, which we boi'i-dic
ujT at the ealy Purcliafe of a few Iron-Trinketi and Ir'iln-
din Ware: Idelh, iiu'.eed, is as diar there as hen, tiiouidi
they have Plenty of Oxen, Cow::, and Slieep. 1 lv,y have
Barks made altogether ou': of the Body of one I'rec, in
which they fend their fruit to M<,ZtVi:h:rk to be exchanged
for Cotton, Cloth, Gold, Ivory, C/c. One Day we law
a monftrous Lilh rile above the Water, which had the
P'orm and Figure of a Man, with a tort of Beard towards
the (. hin that feemed to be its Fins, and a long fcaly i,Vad,
terminating in a I'oint : When we otrered to come near
him he plunged his Head under \\ ater, and to dilcovered
Part of his Back, which was fcaly. We itaid a Fort-
night in this Road, and the Goodnels of the Fruit and the
Air cured our Men (d' the Scurvy to a Miracle ; and in-
deed I have always obfervcd that Citr>';n.':, and Oranscs
and their Juices, are of fovercign Ules in fcorburick
Cafes.

• '. June the 17th we fet fall, and the .--^th renaf.ed the
Ecii.inoiftial^ Line, tlanding to the Northward in tlr; Lat.
of 5". We perceived lome great Shelves turrou.iding
little Illands, which were the. V/i?to-Av, though molt of ou?
Mailers and Pilots miilook them for the liiands called de
DfcxodcsRoa, v/hich we had left eighty Leagues adrern to
the North- Well. Our Admiral i:efigned 10 p.t:k to t!ie
North of the Mahlivcs, between them anil the Coail of
India; but, on the contrary, wj run direc'ily upon them,
whereas we ought to have 'ttood an hundrci Leagues oil'
them, if we ;u.t a Mind to be tale. In lir.e, luch was
ci:r Misfortune, tijat the Ccrl-m which failed a heat', ttruck
thrice upon a Rocl^ at the Dillancc of live or lix Leagues
from the Coafl of the Ma/div:!. In this Dilhiler we law a
Bark belonging to the Ifland?, which would not come near
us on account of a llr'.ci Prohibition in that Country to
approach any Ship in Dillrels without the King's Le.ive.
In the mean tin.e the Sailors eat and drank heartily, and
treated their Commanders with Infolcnce, infulting all
thole who fhewed any Regard lor Keligion, and loudly
proclaiming that, tincc Death was to certain, they were
relblved to render its Approaches eaJy aiul foft. This
filled me with Horror, and convinced iv.e tiiatmoll Sailors
leave their Souls and Conlcicnce.s alhore. In lire, after
continuing two D.iys in this tleploiable ami delperateCo -■
dition, we made a Ihif't to relit our (jalieon, and haul ic
over the Fiats, and, with infinite Labour and Difiicuhy,
arrived on board of it at one of the lilands c:dled Poidado:,
which !s not a League in Circumference. We had car-
ried tome Arms along with us, but the Inhabitants difput-
cd our landing till we had given up our Arnit, and llir-
rcndered ourfelvd; at Dilirretion. 'Fhtre we; e .lot above
twenty or twenty-live Inhabitants in the Illand, but thev
concerte.l their Meafures f^t wilely, that they lint oil" odv
Boat and all their own, to the other Idands ; i'o i-.iv-vcn:
any liilurredion from us, tli.y carried us to a Lod,,:: in
tiie Midtlle of the liland, v.here they entertained u:- w.r.'i
fome Fruit, CocoiLs, and Lemon?, and rided :;s of all
we had, allcdging that it belonged to their King, «s being
u Wreck. Wc had a Piece of Scarier Clod; with us,
which we pretended was defigned for a Pnier.t to ihe
King of the Idands, affirming at tijc iame time, that the
whole Cargoc of our Ship wa , lor .1 Complc iiK'nt to him.

UlKiii this no body dared lii much as touch the Scarier •,
but, after all, we cut oli'.i Piece A two or t.hree F.llsof it.
and prelcntcd it to the Governor ot this iittlj Iiland, iu.
order to oblige him, and lie, who was a very old .Man,
look it very kindly, conjunng u^ net to Jpeak of it.
Soon alter tlie Cioveriior lent the jM.jller an. i iWo .Sailors
to the King, who relided in the Capital Illand callc! MaU-.
and the Malkr prdaitei^ him w;ih th- Piece of :;car!ct.

,r I.

i i %

=1|-. ,,

I' i

'li.

: :'l

.1 J

IHi;

704 l"hc VOTAGE of Francis Pirakd di; Laval Book]

II! -'

Tmmeciiatfly the Kinp iVnt inr liii Brotlicrin-l.iw to f.ivc
what was on Boarti luir Ship, i!ioi;^li the Mats were luJ)
that no Boat roiikicomc near it ; ytt they foiiiul a Way of
petting at It Iw ilic Mians ot a K<<ix' lalU-ncii at one
Kni! to the Ship, and at the ether to the Rink -, I. r tho'
the Waves wallmi over thcni, they Ka) fall hoKi I7 the
Koj*, and lo i;iit to the Ship ; nay, they are I'o iiijv nioiis,
that they took out the very Cannon ami the hcavicit ( IihkIs,
ami 1.. -ghcvl at any Advice we n uld pive tliein. When
we lelc tiic Snip, wc l-roir^ht with us alK)iii a thouland
Crowns in frvrial CJirdlis, and liiiiied it afliore tor a lom-
iiion Kcleive, to fuj ply <>ur NcaHitics \ but lome dI our
Men beinp in want i)t Sublicence, <ii[^!;!;ed up the I'iace,
ami otVcrtd th" Nativ,..s I'lcces of Money tor KkkI,
•tttr whi'.li the Natives would never allow us SulleiMMir
without I'lecfs of Money 1 a:ul in reganl that tne lealt
Picec m the Bank s^as worth Twenty-peiue, their I'n-vi-
lions were miuh overvalued: l>ny Seaman hid troin
Jns Neighbour what he h;id got, am! would not ali.il hiiii
f vi n at the Point c! Ilarv.ny; ; n.iy, when any lay very
lick the irll came am! ii:'ed hiin t^Iore he died.

As lor my own I'art, 1 :i.\\'^\ two niorr were tranl(Hitte 1
to the Mand ot l\i>ula'.i\ the Natives ot whieli tx-inj; ae-
qi:.iinrcd with wliat palled m th'- f.her Illand.s, and think-
ing we had Moi'.iy kbout us, ntu'.id us Suilena.icr, till we
j;ave them Pieces ot Silver v but, in reality, we had none
01 the Money, and were reduced iii great I-.xtrcmiiies.
In the nican ti.ne, I made it my Bufincls to learn their
language, and hy l>eing able tu dilcourle with them,
n.ri'watal mylelt into the l-avour cl tiie (ioverrcirof the
lilaiul, who lent me to M-.t w.th Kec niineniiatiors to
the King, and Ivth the K:n!; a"..! ii;«i ^^J.;ens were lo well
j!l{ak\: With my laiutinj^ih'.ni in tlicirown I jni^iage, and
according to the C i.t'.onj oJ the Couiitry, and wnh the Ac-
count I giivc them of the I hings that were taken out of
our Ship, the Manners ct th;" .'>.»f^ l^adif, (r». that
they i(j<ik particular Care of mc in a i-if ot Skknefs that
lalUd tur nnny Days : 1 1 a Word, 1 luir, by the King's
I avuLr and Bourty, t) a Compcteniy •, ami nan:ig, hy
N'lrtiK- of a li.ng Stay in the CiA.ntiy, an O})[)ortutiity to
ir.l'ixcl their Conlhtut.on, CulKjins, 1 jws, [J^. am now
going to grat.ly the I'ubluk with what I have karncd U[v
on that Subi'dt.

7. The Mii'Uihti he l-jctwrcp one Degree N. I Jt. ami .;"
S. l.at. bcir.g two hundred Ltaj,;'!'* in lu-rgth, ar,i.i thirty-
five in Breadth. 'Iticy arc dillant Irom .V;><:;»«, aciording
tj theCourl'e of laihng 4300 League*. '1 hey are divided
into thineen I'rovinces, calit\l Aliiuons, each ot which
comprehends a girat many Imall llland.s, and is ot a circu-
lar 1 crm, contaaiing about thirty-two l^eagucs in Circum-
fcrer.ce. Thclc Illands are furr(Hinded witl> a great Kidgc of
Rocks, which breaks the .sIiik ks f)t itie Sea, and r.;iles prodi-
gious Surges, 'lis laid the Numl^r of Ifiands amour.; to
I20tc, a great I'ait ot wliiih arr nothu g but uniniialite 1
Hiliocks u\ Sanii -, but the Inhabitants inlormed mr, that
the diuty Incurlions of the .Sca-Sijul impaired the Number
l>otli 01 the lilanc.s and the Inhiliitants, and that the llles
ot iJi'.c Autiicn were forineriy one cont.nu.d 'I'r^ck of
Larid. It is plain, that the Sca.s which divide the llles
of one Aiiiuin arc lo Jhallow, tliat, at lx»w-water one
miphi ealiiy waJx over, were :t not tfut the Bottom is
rocky and lliarp, and apt to winjnd the Irct, and that
thole Seas are jxitri'-d with Iilh called Pa:m<mej, which
break Mens l>rgs ar, 1 Aims, .md devour 'cm. Anotfier
great Inconvenici;i e mat attend', the going into the Water,
proceeds from a rougii, tlurp, port .us, hard and [wnder-
tius If"-! of Sublfamr, ixit unlike sshitc Coral, which they
call A^uuy, ar.d n.akc ul- < t 11 b. ilmg it wnii CVxoa Wa-
ter, tor 'tis that which lorms ( ; ir Sugar or Honey. A
great Part ot ihf Ic Ifiands ar*- 1 niiil.abited, ,ind prociuce
notlang but Trees ami (»tals oiiiers arc only a ni<jveable
Sand, without ar.y (jrixn, t.iii ottiers again aic overflowed
at high Water.

'J he reft are covcreil all over with great Cralis culled
Ccicuuc, ami Qay-filh, or clit with the luwls called Pen-
guiis, iiilomuch, ttiut one catmoi place a l-gcit in .my part
wulio^it trrading ujion their bggs and yoii;i;j one*, or up-
on tl»c <.ud HirU l!^emleivc^. whifli <!o n ,t liy tar u;«>n
'lie Apj roach of a Man, '1 hu 1'vv.l is a:, b.g .x. a fid-

peon, with b!.uk «nd wlutc Fe.ithers, itrd j, „„"..
Meat, tho the N.itives do not eat it. The unini, Iv"
landy IHands appc.ir at a D.ftance as ,f t».ey\vcr; m '
with SnoWi lur the Sand, which h a^ fin; as that of
Uour-(.lals is extieam white, ami wiihal lo vcrv h • ^
to hat.h the Penguins r>ov T),,|i. ,;,„^j ,,,^^',^ ";< ■
little or no Iretli U ^iter, but the covered Illr.'v \Zl
inhabited or n^t, ci.|oy tiiar Rci.eiit, .nh.ntnv^^ ."
tew, the Inh.ibitaiifs ot whirli arc tcrc.d U^Vxy^x^t
to the neighbouiing likmds for Water, ane! n-,„k' uf-
ctitaiii Inventions lor the receiving of K.i:i, Water * '
Tlu W.iter of tome l,lam!<! is b.rtter il.in th.:t of other
their Wdl-Uarer is neitlur very fwect, nyr very who
loin,, but It is vay pleni-tiil, and very Irdh, cv™ wi'd,
tour Paces of tl'e Se.i-Sidc ; tor thry ,!i;j nm .ilxjvc tlin
or tout heet, and where the Sea makes tiiiiuer.t li-unj
tions. 'I his Waier is veiy hot in liie Ni'jht-Tin;.' ar
(xt.iam cold m the ITiy, elJH-cmlly about Noon, Tor
turn to the timteen .Uu liens, the i'iilf b<-ginrii:,<r from ti
North, is called 7/7/./ Dsn Mniii, j. e. //.. h,jj p^.;^^

i:iie, ci!!;

lies the H(.id or Cape ot the fame N,

b> tl.o rcrtugucTf, Cchxa des l,ts 1! ha:, hwiXrX in
N. I.. The I'ecoi.d is cilled Mulu cf>w Xh^oof, t'le tH
IWypdo, the lourili Mnlifmnd'.n, the 'uU\\ /rau'.kn.i
li.\(h Mali- .iltiUcn, in wh,r,i lies .\/,;/(', 'lie head Illan;i
l.'ie .\/<i/(/nv.t ; the llven:!i Pinl'.f.incr, iheei!'l;th.1/;.'w,"i
the 1,1,1th SiuWiL't.t, the f. nth C-.'.'wfli.'c;.^ the dew':'
Jlcum^nj, the twelfth Sefiacoi, the tluneentli /U.'...r. I
J'c'o Mo.'iit'juc \ thele two being r^i !,.,'iu\! lu or..-,"
reahm of tiieir Smalln-ls, ImcIi .i!:c/f"i \% iVj'j.j;
tiuiii the ai!Mcent Provinces by an Arm ot th'- S.-j,\\-
!•> m lome Pl.i rnnv, an.' in othirs br.-u.!, 'Jl.ac!

only tour ot i le limiting Cl„irre!:., thjt Icing iru
broader than t le rcfl, aie iiavig.ih!- |iy gi-,at Shiin, 1
not without l^argtr, elp'ecially in r!-,' Ni[;ht, hy rra!
of tiieir I 1,1! s and Roiks, svhirh are m.iil-d very exjci
in lon't S a Cliarti, wl.i-.h I la.v in thai Country, T
Natives have a woml'.itu! IVxtir.tyin .'iVouhM", thcfe l';
geroiis P.ices; 1 have Ireii tfi.-ri iail )b niocly, a^ [» r
uj-Kwi roi KS on l\jtn Sdes, witlieur any D.im.i"e.

Botii the Kuh and t!..- I'oor aie inured, to the S'afrc
their Inlancy, and tear not to eneu'.invr rhc niv.ll turbijlt
and toaming Seas, in little B ■ .ts am; Birks, tlu- N'jrnl
(t winch IS unacci.unt..lie •, lor the p(H;relf M.in tliat
has MO'-, and tlie Kuli have l-Vrral. li.ey r.evrr fail
Nrght, e.r cut ot Sight of Ijnil, unlets it Icwhra i'
unoertake tome great V'cyag--, and acrordinr;!y, th'; P
Vilions they have (iH B.iari.:, arc calculated o:,ly fur 1
Day. I'he grwittll Pait of t.'ic Klanvli corn; rrhixJc:
one jittoLcH, ate lurroun ied with a eoinnvjn Mat or i
that is only [uflablc at one or two r.irrow l'lae><, wh
are n<it ealily obl'ived, ard t( r tint Reilon ;t Ij i.eal'
tor tlidii to be Very expeit in the Management of tl
Boats, or Bark', fince the kail Slip 15 certainly tullo'.
with Shipwreck, and the l.ol'i of their doo's; as fori!
own P' lions, indeed, tluy have nn g'.eat Rcal'in tu !
for all of them fwim. admirably well. Netwitiif^L-.j
that w(jnc!crtul l)-xterity in .^-ailing, I'l-y I'reqiiint'y
their Barks, whirh is c.c.Mnejned liy t';e Currents u
OrVitccus, whirh run luif and Well, fix M.:
ojHjn thr Fjft CoalK and lix Mont'v, upon the W
but with luch I'nccitiinfy, that the Ciiangc In,;
(. oner or later, at one 'lime than anotlur : 'li.uu^h
Winds are frequently lixal, as well i:i tjrj C'lrrcn:^ :n
l-all and Well Cip..ttir, yet thiy loinuinics lliift to
North and P-ill,

8, It IS to (je obferve!, that the ^IhoI'.oms iic all in .. .
the Fm! of the one tacing the I'aid of the ne,>tt ,i. ;a
and that they have two I-jiirances or .lu -liable I'.u.;
each Side, whuh is a wondeitul Cunveiiicncy ; i'r '
was only one l.a.'id;ng | Lice at eaih 1 'hI, the Iiti; ■
ot the Fall and Weil Currents would bre.ik ti,..rt
mimieation with one an(.t!.( r, or, at leall, it vvouW b
lyjllibir to ptac'lile it .it all Scafons. 'J'he N'cccllltycf
I jiidiri: olates in e-v h iiicl'.n will Ix e^ i '■ " '' *^'

fnier tiu" following Inlluue } lupi'ure a Pan.^ngil-'C
the F,(l Coall, a!mo:l dire 'by oj i«>!ii>- to :lic Lntr
the oth-f .IHclitK, and anoilier on tl-.'.- VN ell, "pp-'li
that ot the a^ijacc:-.: .li,Jt6K, if the C'-iM-nt runi !: "

Chap. Hi

to the EAST-INDIES.

70s

comirrhcr.dcti

ons iic i\i i\\ i

to WcO, wc cannot crols iliieftly frotn Entrance to En-
trance, hut fct out trom the Eart Coaft, which is then the
ileail of the Current, and taking it Sideway, ftcer for
the Weft Entry of the other ylttolhn. In order to return,
we fet out from the Eaft Entrance, and over-thwarting
the Current, make to the Weft Entry of the other Attol-
Ion. When the Current changes its Courfe, wc obferved
the lame Contrivance in letting out from the Head of the
Current, and entering the other /Ittollon at the Place which
lies under the Current of thefe lintranccs. Some are broadi
and Ibnic narrow, but the wideft is not above two hundred
I'aces over, and lonie of them are Id's than thirty j each
Entrance hath an Ifland on each Side, and if Cannon were
planted on thele Illands, it would be ealy to hinder any
Ships to enter.

Of the Channels that part the AtliUons, there are only
four broad ones, which are navigable by great Ships, and
irtqucncly vifited by Strangers, when the Currents carry
thfni in apinft their Will. i"o begin from the North
.Siile, the firft of the tour wafhis the Aiiollcn called Maids
Madctu and it w;is in this that wc were call away. 'I'he
litond, called CariJou, has Male, the grcatell of all thefe
lijanilb in the midlt ot it. The iliird, called Addou, lies to
t!iL' .South ol Male. The fourth, calJLd Souadon, lies di-
rectly tiiuler the eqiiinoclial Line, ami in regard that it is
the broadcll ul them ail, being twenty Leagues over, the
Natives don't liiil upon it without .1 Coinpafs, though they
never ulc any in the Channels. Belidcs tiiefe, there is a
lunow Channel, which feparatcs Male and Poulijlou, in
winch the Sea appears as black as Ink, but the Water ta-
ken into a VelUI, looks like other Water. That Se.1
boili like Water over a Fite. It fwells into great black
Surges, but is not moved trom one Side to the other,
which renders it very terrible. The M:ildhes lie fo near
the t.quinodtial, on both Sides, that their Climate is eX-
trcamiy hot. Their Day and Night are always equal* and
their Nights are very cool and dewy, which renders the
Heat of the Sun more tolerable, and nourilhes exceedingly
their Herbs and Trees. Their Winter commences wytpril^
and continues till Oilober, at which Time the Summer be-
gins, and lafts likewife lix Months. In Winter they have
peqietual Rains, but no Eroft, and the wcfterly Winds
are very boifterovis. In Summer theit Winds are cafterly»
with an exccflive Heat and no Rain.

9. It is laid, that the Maldives were in former Times
peopled by the Cin)(ala, or Inhabitants of Gylon ; but it is
cblervable, that the Ciitgala are bluck and ugly, whereas
the Inhabitants of the Maldives are haiuifome, well made,
and of an Olive Complexion j though alter all, 'tis poflible,
that the Climate, and length of lime may have altered
the Complexion and Shape to their Aiivantagc ; befides,
that a grrar many Foreigners being caft away on their
Coall, are blended with them by Intermarriages, and by
r!ii.s Means it comes, that thofe who live about Male, be-
tween it and the North Cajje, where moft Shipwrecks
happen, are more jiolillicd and civilized than thole On the
South Coalf, who are not only blacker, but much coarl'er
in their Langiage, Cullons, and the Shape ot the Bo-
dy ; nay, many of their Women, efpecialiy fuch as are
poor, go naked, with only a liivall Cover for tlieir Fiivi-
tirs. This Nerth Side ol :,ie bland is not only richer,
and more civili/.ed, as li' >[j, the common Palliige for all
Ships but the Scat ot all ilie Nobility and Men of For-
tune, and when the Kiii|' ir.;nillKs a Crinunal with Ba-
nilhincnt, he only lends him to the South i'arts. The
Soldiers are all railed in the North I'arts; but after all
this Uilftrcnce, I nnill lay, that the inhabitants of the
South F.uts arc naturally as lively and quick-witted as
thole ot the North, in ['.eneral, the ^:. .iivans are very
ingenious, they apply tluinrdves witii ; re- it Iiiduftry and
Sikcels to all torts of M.iinilacliiir',, ;. id alto to Letters
and Sciences, after this Maiiiar, eljieiiaily to Alfrology,
which tluy hold in great I'.llecm. They are a viry wile,
cautious iVoi le, and very lliarp in tlifn Merciiamli ',e ami
\\ ay of 1 .iving ; they are br.ive, anil well Ikilled in Arms,
and their I'ojuy is V(iy re[;utar.

iheir Women are vciy lundroine, .ibating for their
Oiivc t olour, and lome ot them as white a, the Europe-
•Hi. 1 heir Hair ii black, winch is reckoned a great Or-

N c ri B. .v8

namerit, and iti order to turn it extremely black, feveral Wo-
men keep their Daughters Heads Ihaved till they arc
eight or nine Ywrs old, leaving only a little Hair on the
Forehead, to diftinguifh them from Boys, who have none
at all: 1 haVc fetn fome Children have half tlaxen Hair,
which has turned very black by being fhaved every eight
Days. Both Sexes affert blaqk Hair, but the Woiiien
take a Pride in having theirs thick and long, which they
walh and drcfi very trequently. They watli their Hc.id
and Hair with Water and Lye made for that Purpolt ; ai-
ter which their Hair hangs dilhcvel'd in the Wind, till it
dries, and then they rub ami perfume it with an odorife-
rous Oil, which renders their Head always moift and oily.
Both Sexes anoint their Bodies after walliing-, but tlio'
they wath their Bodies more than once in a Day, their
Flair is not waftied above twice or thrice a Week. They
may walh their Hair when they pleafe, but they are oolig-
ed to do it on Fridays, which is their, Sabbath fur the
Women, and Feftivals tor the Men. After the Women
have waftied, rubbed and perfumetl, they ftretch all tlie
Hair trom before backwards, without leaving lb much as
one ftraggling Hair, and tie it behind, in a great Tuft,
or Knot, winch they enlarge by a Perriwig of Man's
Flairj made in the Form ot a Horfc's Tail •, nay, fome
of them have two fuch Pcrriwigs, befidcs which, tliey
add odoritcrc'us F"lowers.

As for the Men, none but Gentlemen, and the King's
Officers and Soldiers, are allowed to wear long Hair, and
thefe, indeed, Wath, perfume, and drcfs their Hair after
the fame Manner with the Women, excepting that they
make die Tuft not behind, but on the Crown of the
Head, or on One Side, and they wear no Perriwigs.
Their Hair grows much fafter than ours, by reafon part-
ly of the waftiing and perfuming, and partly of the ex-
ceftive Heat which occafions thick and urong Hair, and
for the fame Reafon their Hair is black. They have no
Combs^ but they have SciUbrs of cad Copper, .. d copper
ix)oking-Glafres, which they make ufe of in fliaving them-
felveii with fteel Razors made after another F'afliion than
ours. There are no Barbers in the Country, every one
therefore IhaVes himfelf, excepting the King, and fome
Lords; who are fervcd by Perlbns that are proud of that
Honour; without any Profpcct of Gain ; fo that in all
thofe Iflands 00th Men ami Women arc provided with
Utenfils for Ihaving, and are very nice hi taking OiT their
Hair, when it begins to be uncaly to them.

The Girls h.ive their Heads (luived once a Week, from
their Infancy to the eighth Year ot their Age, at which
Time their Hair is futVercd to grow to its full Length and
Dref?, for then is the Scafon here of looking out tor Hut-
bands. Bctore that Age they have no Cloaths, but only
a Cloth that hangs down from the Middle to the Knees ;
and the Occafion of their being cloathcd afterwards pro-
ceeds from the ril'mg of their liicalls, before which, they
are looked upon as Children, and 'tis not allowable to dil-
courfe to them of Love Matters. The Cloth hangs
down from their Middle to the Knees as foon as they be-
gin to go, but the Boys have none till they are feven
Years old and circumciled. Their Beards are of two
Sorts •, Fxrcleliallical Pei tons, and thofe who h.ive perform-
ed Pilgrimage to Mecca, wear long Beariis, ftiaving under
the Throat, and upon the upper and lower Lips, all round
their Mouth. The other fort of People have little Beards,
without Muftachcs, being lliaved round the Mt>i.ith, and
under :he Chin. T ley arc very careful in laving the
Parings of their Nails, and the Shavings of tlicir Hair,
which diey wrap up in Cotton, and bury in their Cliurch-
Yards, with a little Water, from a Notion, that they be-
ing Parts of the Body, require Interment as -veil as the
Whole, and for that Rcalbn in.uiy of them cliolc to be
Ihaved in the Porch of the Temples, lor thjy would not
for any thinj; in the VVurld eitlu r tiami'lc upon thct'c Hx-
ciemeiits, or lie them thrown in the fire.

I o. In order to give a particular Dclcription of th^- Mai-
diva, we fliall begin witli their i(Tti!.ty. It produces great
Plenty of Miltci, called t\mv P lira, and another little
Grain called iir;;;/:)', vhich telenibles M'(7t7, but is black
liki' R.ipe-Ieed, Tiule two Urr-, of (Jrain tii'.'y low, and
reap twice a Ye.ir; they make a luit of Meal of tlur^, of
S U wh.i.h

Ji!

'I; II

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1.1 ' I

^11 !l

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706 7'hc f'O I' .Id E of Kk \Ncis PiRARi) UK Laval Book

;n ifi^fsi

,1 I.'

which they make I'.'tt.iRC, v.ith M:.k, Coco.i, llonry,
z% well as Caki-s .uui rrittcf.. The Lountry prodiucs hkc-
wife levfral !ort< of Roots, wimh the Inhabitants leal up-
on, particularlv onctallvd Ndlpou, which j;rG\vs will!, bc-
ingtx5und, ami 'as big a-soncVtwo Fills. TI117 bti:ifc itii|>on
a roijsh Stone, ami then cx|x)lc it to the Sun, m>oii which
It turns to a while lort of Meal that cats admirably well m
l'ott.1}^ or Cake ., only it nnitl be very frefti, or it is apt
ro he hrary mion the Sumiach. Anotlicr Root ih« |u;row»
th. re plent'f illy, anil eat< well, is rallrd .iiUs, which muft
U^ Town anil ciiltivareil, anil is i omtnonly as big as » Man's
Thigh. Some ot ihrll- l'.>tts of Roots aie red, and otlicn
white ; the luh.ibitanis boil them fcvrMl Ways, and make
them the moft of thrir Tomi, keeping; them lor a whole
Ve.ir, for thry come to Maturity only o.ne a Year. •:■■».
1:1 .•'./.Yw/'O. '1 hcv iiave no Hue but what js exported
from the C'ontiii-nt ; lu.'wevcr ibry have it prcity_ cheap,
and (iff iiv.ich tliTcof, liilicr IkjiIuu^ it with W.itrr or
mixM V. it!i i<'pii:rs boiled with Milk and Sin',.u ot t'ocoas,
w.th I'l;!!, ts, l-ilh, ur tuTed i;Un Me.il aftrr dryins; and
bruifir^, and thf:i made into (.'.ikes and Frittcis, with
bpK'' Jf""fy> Milk, and the Hiitiir of Cocoas.

I h:s C'oiiritry is likrwii-- lurmrtird *ith Herbs and
Trees Kimc it which bear Iriiif- and otlR-rs not , t'iou{;h
the N.uiv.s -, -.: their Ixavr^ iluy Ixring Iwect and well
tattCil. As foi ! mil, ilicy liasr iiifiniie I'lcnty ol C'ltions,
Fomr^.rantcf, a"d Oranj^is ot A,;fMiijf,call<d by the I'n -
tu^un- hdim l'i;;s, .i:ul by the Mt!<iivn i^ufiU, which
is a li' e, delicious, and noiirifhing I'ruit, inlomiif h that
it ferv "t'lvir Chil-'rcn inrtcivl of Bruth. The mofl ptofi-
f' Vinsi. i'l t' ( Cocoa, or Indtan l-'niit, c.illcd by ilicm
<.ca., whu 'i 'i more plentiful in l\\r \U!.itv<s t';a:) an.y
oOiT Part f the World ; fo that the Inli.xbitants know
hov to 1' 1" igf it better than others. 'I'liik 1 1'< alone
misi,hf '•;>>'*' ''' '''^ N'ec()lirKS of I .ife, bw it atlorcis
W'-., 1 1> • \ ' .is'ar, Milk, atul Butter; l^efidn that
ifs K T.-i'"! i.iy \< eat .is Bread, vi which they li.sve none
in th.\r C'oiini.-^ I'urtluT, i>u.i(\ of their LUenhli ate niailc
of thi Wo,v!, K-i-k, l.raves and Nut-fhrlls r<f this Irrc.
In fine, t!ie whole Country is fhaili <', and refreflicd with
Trees, inanv of whith IrtsT tor no other I'tc Imt burn-
ing i f>> that there is no (Viafiun to buy f-'irc wool. Be-
fiilcs that, there •re wlio'c illamis cvrreci w.th Trees,
bo.Ti whence tliey !rT,.h wljat I''ii!-win..l thry |>lpalir

It. It is vr:y remarkab!-, '.hat il,i>uj;^ all liiC thirteen
^ttciUn: .ire in t'lr !ame Ll;;"..irr, and, all very lertile, yet
thry produce f ;ch ililVtrmt C'o:»n)oditics tlut one caiii.ot
live without another ; tor what is pJcntitul in «>«, is,
fcarce in ancthrr, or, at l.-a«, is not fo gcikJ. This
iKiafions .1 NfcefTity of mutual Cuiiimrrit ; anJ ilic Inha-
bitants have hkewiir (o divided tliemlflvii, th.it one Vxo-
vmce cannot live wiih'jut another -, tor the Weaverk .''.•-
pair all to one Mard, the Cjoldfmiths to another, and f<j
t)n. Now, to rrn.ier the Communicaiii •- eafy, thelo Ar-
tirints harr htt'e Boats with Checks, where ili-y work,
fleep, and eat, v.,'ii!e they are lading trom Ofic hlanJ tii
another to vend their Manufactures i a el fijiuft ■; -s tJicv
arc a Vr-ar out fiefore thry rrturri totheu f'xej lia!>,ta:ion.
A« ! ir Anuiult, th^y have priHligious NMinU rj of w,l,!
I^.ilr;?, winch are loll (or a Penny a Fixc. am! lix lame
I'r.cc wll trtch thr-r I Wen ot Iggi -, next t.i Fi(h, thu is
the tr\-<\\ {..\ their 1 ood. The)' have a pre.it Plenty of
WildPidineons Ducks, Ray!s, Biriij rticn.bhng S}iar-
row- Hawks, 1)1.1 k and grey Mufk' ts, living not upon
I'rey, Lutujti" ln.it, tri .\ tor duuxHuk Fowl thfy
i^ve none. the Crows are ';*re very troublel-jine, fur
ihey are fo run. toui and lo b .1 i, as to take I lunf^s out ot
ihcir very M outer be tcjrc tht Peoples Facn. Their Bats
are as big as Ravens, and ilvir (mats, or Miillietos, bite
more f vrrely fh.in in any oih'r I'artof the l<nitti.

But they are n'^ft incommoilcd by Rac, iJoimice, Fii"
inirrs, and otJurr f irts ol \criiiin, vshiih over-run all their
Houl>% I'.r. : !pMi! rii'ir Grain, Provifiotv, I run, .md |>e-
ri(}i.tbl'! Co!ii:no.!it;'«. To obvi tte this IncoiiVtineiice,
thry lud I < it;ir..]-.rs and W»rehoult.s on I'l — , or .Sf.ike-,
ki tiic 'Vj, .it t.'*e l).ita:ice of two or three InirKlred I'acfi
tr'.'m thr I.md , am' n-ort of th- King's Mjf'azines arc
built after t»ic lanv- Manner. Hi y have no (K;ilunoii>
A'-in.alv, cx'epi Sn^ti.c, uf svhich a very dan^:- loui kiad

Irequent the .Sea. Cat-,. Poie-cats. and Fcrri^ are 1,1
wile louiul theie k but there are no i?reat Ifcaft, '
wild or tainr. lave a lew Sheep, ami lume three
hundred Lowi and Hulls in the IlUnd ot KkU v^
Ulong to the Kinrt, and ol wiiicli tiiry never eat 'but
Fclbval LXjys. ami loleimi CXcalium, for thefc Kmc '
im|X)rted <rom the tontincni, They have no Dom
tiny abhor them to much, that when the \^xnaMpl
g.,I lent two a. ^ PrefciH lo the Kmg. he onlcred tii.m
be liiowncd iinnudialflv. J hr ,Sca aHordi Pbtv 01
turtJ ot Filh, rl|*cially l)ciw<-en iIm AttoHcm,^]^^ ,
&a 1} Ihallow .uid calm » the Filhery n tliemoftcuoib
Kxtrcile i4 the Natives, wImi teed nwftly upon Ki
when in\\\y with Rue, or other Meat tried with thc(
of CcKoas or Ix.iled in .Sali-wairr, and dried for keepn
■I"hey lend every Day .Shipi loaded with Filh fur iiww/i
AibtH, and other I'laies. Mtny of the Filhermcn h
k>ll Arms and \a^\ tlut have ken Ut olF by a fon
great Filh Irequent m thule .Sea». 1 hit great Plenty
all NecrllarKk caules an ealy IHiiihalcj four hundred C
om co(^ Uit a Isrih, which is Fight, prnce ; the In
Pnce will puiiliale live hiiiidrfd Bananas, a dozm
Fowls, or ihiec luindrcil W'rni,hlol Room, or ahundi
large I'ilb, Isi.

Ill fun-, tliere is no P.irt cf the Indta where a Strir.i
can net aw Iltatc lo liKiri as here, for it lies conveiiitr
for '1 rade, and rri)uiies but an inconlidcrable Charge
Maintenance. 'i"he Naiivn, it's true, don't grow rii
and that I lake to proseed iiuni llieir cheap and e
I .iviiiR, which cntouraj<rs ihem bi Nipligence ;
Flleiuls. Malt, the ptiiui|>al lll.ind, gives Name n
the reil, Z)»t#j fignilyiiiKtt Chilhr ot liitle Wands. T
■Hand Itandtalmoll in the Middle, itnd is one Lea^^u; :
a hall in Cinumlerenee \ it is the mull Icriilcofthem,
the Staple |>oii and Maga/.ineot all the rcll, aitdthcKi
fidence ot the Kin^ and the Court. By this Means 1
t>etter |)eopled, bui, at tlw lame time, it n not fo heihl
for which the Natives give ihu Realon, v;a. The Ki
and thr Court havinu rcfkled there 1 imc out of Mn
and the Corps ot all thai died l<eing interred a-part,
whole Surlace of the llUnd bevoines a ctmtanual iierin
Oraves, fi«m s»heiue the ijerjirndicular Kays of the:
fKtraCt |)ernicious \'«|)0\ifi i and accordingly the \V,
IS here lo l>ad, ilut ihc Kin^ and I'erlurx ut great (,^u
lend lor W.arr to other lUaiult,

I i In all the lllaiul*, rven in Mait itielf, there isno :
I'hui^ 0^ eiu loled Fownt, but the 1 loulcs i<c fcatti
lierc and there, ilioU);(h not without lutne Order
Diftinrtion of .Streets. The C oniinon People's Hu
are bmlt ol C'i*oa wikkI, and covered with Cosoalci
fewed double one within aiHiiher, Perlonsof Quahrv
Fortii:^e have HchiIci Unit ol .Stone taken out of, andli
uruki itie Mats and Rocks. This lott ot Stone is very Iit^
and white, and I'liu-what hard to cut, Uitwhen it is
with Rain, or tie!)*. Water, it loles if. Hardnels, anc
lal^ txcomt* ail over black. The Manmr of to)
them out of the .Va is very letiuikaliie. There grov
that Countiv a tort ol Tree tailed LanJcu, which is li
,» (.( ! Walnut- Free, and relrmbles the Alpin in its 1
L'm Leaves and Whiirnfls, but in evtrrmily lott, and l
no Iniit, and n nut proiicr lor burniiij'. ; when it .^
ihey la* it into Planki like our Fir IVali. Tins Wo.
Iip.htrr tnaa C oik. I his piemiied, we > ime to ihiw
they draw out llii' Stone: Ik iii); the experrell Smuii
tlui can Ix-, iney divc under \S atcr, and liav; -.g piti
u|K>n a .Stone lit l»ir their l'iir|<>le, fallen a irrcit Cait^
II, then thry lake a Piece ol ihe Cand<m-wood, and
in« Ixired it, run it aliHK 'he CaUe quite up to the ^ii
.-liter thi-., they nin on Imha Number ot Pircewi
have Occafion lot, nil the li^ht .tnd lloatirn; Wuud ■
up aloiK With It .» Siiiiic (.1 1. cu.ii) Ptnind NVeij-lt
Was by this ContiivaiMi tin. N.ttivcs louk i;|)iheC.ii
and .■\ii>hors ot out M,ip that was call a».iy , ..'»; I
F.ye-witnels to tin 11 ile.irin^', by llic lame nicaei, 1
SiMirul fifirrii l>av . thellaiboui of .Vfj/c, »•' '
choakril wi '. wiiMt Ko-k., r luir.uch that no .Sh;i'.
fome in V»'!,en the Candou w j«h1 is cinve leaked n
t< r, It mull l)c dm d in the Sun iKfu'C it be u'cd, mm
It Mill not lloat.

Cliap II.

/e? /^^ E A S T - 1 N D I E S.

lljion otiicr Occafioiis tliey take five or fix large Pieces
of Wood, and having ranged them all in a line, raifc
1'l.inks on them of the fame Wood, to fit upon, and fo
pals from one llland to another : And it is by this Contri-
vance they generally manage their Filhery. In the Ca-
nai.i that run between tlic /Ittollom one Man can work
thcfc InftrwmcntJ of Navigation, chough they arc not pro-
per for the Sea \ for tliey know how to trim their Deal-
leats lb well, that there is no fear of overfetting \ and if
that happens, their Plank will always fwim : All the Dan-
ger lies in disjoining the I'ieccs \ and this fort of Float is
ailed Candou patis, from the Wood of which it confifts.
The Candou-tice lias yet another llrange Property, name-
ely, that when one Piece of it isftruck againll another they
will extraft I'ire ; and this fcrvcs them in the Place of
I'lnder-boxes.

ij. Our Mcthotl direfts us, in the next Place, tofi^cak
oi their language, which lies in two Channels i the
firll is the Maldivan, properly fo called, which is very
copious % the la ond is the jlrabuk, of the fame Ufe as
Litin in a Popifti Country, being the Language of their
devout Addri^flcs. I pals over the Camlwya, Guzarelta^
ind Ptrtugutze Tongues, which arc derived from their
Commerce, and fliallonly take Notice that, in the Southern
Parts they fpeak a coarfe unpolite Language, which, after
4II, IS the common Tongue of thefc Illands. Their Reli-
gion and Ceremonies come next to be confiderrd. All
the Inhabitants arc Mohammedims, and the greatell Part of
the Foreigners, viz. /Irabiam, MaUbars, and Sumatrms,
are the fame. Their Temples, or Molchs, are built of
good Stone, well cemented, and have a thick Wall.
They Hand in the Miiidle of a fquare wailed Inclofure,
where they bury their Dead, except thofe who delire a
iVparate Sepulchre. 'I'heir Temples are fquare, and face
the Weil, as pointing to Mohammed's Tonib. They have
thRx- Doors, each of which is faceii by a broad Wall with
Steps, the Bottom and Sides of whu h are lined with po-
IJhed and flat Stones, the Floor of the Temple being co-
vered with Mats and Tapeftry ; whereas the Church- Yard
is nothing but Sand. 'I'hcir Temples arc kept fo clean,
that if they want to fpic or blow their Nofe, they inull ei-
ther do it in their 1 Iani''ierchief or got out of Doors.

The Koot or Ccilin;^ )t the 'I'emples is of Wood, ad-
mirably well polillied, and the Walls are wainliroted, both
cf them being hrmly joined without Nails, Pegs, or any
other vilible Artihce. Upon the Walls ol the Temples we
met vmh Urge 'iablcs of Stone, or ot WockI, with /Ira-
luk Itikriptions, 'i'hey have a particular Place tor the
Kir.t., ami his Court, and (iaileries tor the (iuards, and
Icparate Apartn)cnts for certain Dignities, (^lalities, and
Ages inlomuch that any Perfon who takes up an impro-
jer Place, is fined .iccordingly. I'hey conllantly burn
Lamps, Inr which Fnd certain low Trees are conlecrated.
Some ot the Illands have nine or ten Temples ; but that
in which they lolcmnize a general Ftl\ival is built and fup-
pjtted at the common Charge, under the Name of Ou ccura
Mffqiiiu : l-..iLh Mofchc has its Prielt called Moudin, and
rath lllaiid that has forty Perlims alKjve the 15th Year of
'hen King's Age is dignified with a Catibe or Curate, who
■iiiills as Principal at all publick Excrcifes, and governs the
niciior Priefts. 1 le pronounces the publick Prayers, and
U Sermons and Lxliortations explains and recommends the
Uw ot Mcbammed -, under him the Mcudim teach Chil-
dren to rc.id and write their Mother iongue, and that or
•■''■,,■«, for wliii.h Service their Parents give them a Re-
wjti!. I'.veiy Day in the Week ail sbove lifteen Years of
Afic repair, before Break of Day, to the Temple, and lie-
I ijic their Creed, viz. That the World is flat, and not
;^u;id, that 'ris liirrounded with a Wall of Brafs, which
l^rcvcnts It being drowned in the Waters that encompals it :
I hut the Devil, the gcneial tuviny ol Mankind, endea-
vours LV.-iy Niglit to l)rcak through and undermine this
\Vall, aaj th:it" he ii not much Ihorc of compalTinii; nti
I ml wIaii the Day-li;',lit anives. I pon this Beliel they
^il join in Prayer, .it the Bre,i,k ot Day, to prevent the De-
I'.riiituiii ot the World, which, as they believe, would
■ "i.'.TWile enine.

lii'-y repai. 10 tiie ( ■ mpli i.w Times a Day lilules,
•it Noo;;, at 1 lire- <j'Ciuck in the Alternoon, at

707

Sim-fet, and at Ten o'Clock at Night, remaining each Time
halt an Hour. Thofe that have no mind to go to Church
may fay their Prayers at home, or none at all if they picafe j
but if It be knowQ that any Perfon ncglefts their Duty oi
Prayer altogether, no body will eat or converfe with him ;
from whence it comes to pafs, that almoft all of them, whe-
ther Tradefmen or others, fpend a great Part of their Time
in pubhck Service. They make ufe of Beads as w ell as the
Papiftsi but they have no Croflls. Before they enter the
Temple they walh their Feet, Hands, Ears, Mouth and
Lyes, obterving at the fame time certain Ceremonies, and
pronouncing Prayers fuitabic to the Sin they repent of.
They arc fo fcrupulous, that no Temptation in the World
can oblige them to forbear this folemn way of walhing,
upon the Apprehenfion that it certainly purges them of all
Sin and Poiution. The greateft Indecency of their Wcr-
fliip is, that they wath and bathe publickly and promifci.-
oufly, and offer their penitential Prayers with a loud Voice,
and fo difcover to all the World all the fecret Tranfaftions
of their Lives. At this rate all the fecret Adventures of
Man and Wife are laid open to the World by the publick
Prayers of both Parties ; tor the Women pray aloud as well
as the Men, only they do it in their Houies, in regard that
they never go to Church.

14. The Male Chihiren arc circumcifed when they are
feven Years of Age, and upon that Occafion the Parents
and Relations divert thtmlelves with Mufick and publick
Fcafting fourteen Days. They have prticular Operators
for Circumcifions, who apply themfelves to nothing elfe,
and the Ceremony is after this manner : For fix or leven
Hours before the Circumcilion the Child is bathed in the
Sea, in order to make the Yard fhrink, and to render the
Skin loft and tender. When the Hour comes the Child is
brought to a Lodge built on piirjiofe, and held by two or
three Moudinsor Priefts, who in the mean time chant Verfes
and Pniyers fuitable to the Occafion. Then the Operator
having drawn over the Pepuce, and tied it with a String,
cuts It with a Razor •, after which he heals it in fifteen
Days 1 before CircuiiKllion they alledge that the Child is
innocent, and cannot fin, and tor the fame Reatbn they do
not cover the Privities of the uncircumcifed Children. As
for the Girls, their Circumcifion confifts in drawing two or
three Drops of Blood, when they are two Years of Age 4
but 'tis attended with no Solemnity. W'hen the Children
.ire grown up, they pay a profound Deference to the Ope-
rator that circumcifed them, and call him Mailer.

They celebrate feveral Feltivalj in theCourfe of the Year,
particularly every I'riday with them is a Day of Feafting,
at which all the Males alx)ve fifteen Years of Age are pre-
fent, but no Females. On the preceding F.ve they pray in
their Hoiifcs, lijme for their Health, others tor the dead,
and for that end fend tor the Priefts to their Houfes, where
an F.nter^ainment is provided, and as the Priefts have no
Stomach for eatin;.', ; they choofe rather to ablent, for if
thry come they mull cat, tliough againft their Appetite. On
l-rnUiy Morning the publick Crier goes round die Wand,
with a tort of Bell in his Hand, and a Hammer of Wood
to beat it withal : He ib alfiftcd by three Trumpeters, who
Ibund often to give the Peo[)le notice of their Duty. Upon
this Warning the People throw afide all Work for that
Day, and after walhing and bathing, and putting on their
bell Cloaths, repair to the Temple. In the mean time the
King's Muficians play before his Palace on divers Inlhu-
ments, and foon after the King's four Priefts, who are Men
of Qiiality and Learning, and never allill but at piiblick
Solemnities, afcend an high Stone Edifice adjoining to the
Temple, where they clap their Hands upon their Ears, and
with a loud and fearful Voice cry thrice, j^Ha, /ilia, Aqur-
oar .' i. e. Great God, and then they add Ibniething of Mo-
iammed. This done, they repair to the King's Palace, and
pronounce the tame Words after the fame manner. Upon
which, if the King has a Mi:i<i to be leen, as he commonly
is, he l(;nds a Carpet of Silk to Iv- ipread on the F'.ut where
he means to fit. Then rhe Moiidins Co tiie like at tlis
Catibe's Houfe, and he comes and waits ui.",.;! the King,
who walks in great Magniiiceiice t j the Teiniije, hiii Head
being civeied with a white Veil above a gnat Turban, lb
that he ca.not fee, hut is led by one v( the Moudins. The
Kin<4 coiji s lal^ :■) tlie Cluircii, and iiumediat' ly fiys his

Prayers ,

■■'»'■

1 1

■'iif' vm \

■■

'*i'i ti

708 7hc FO TAGE e/fti.Aficn Pirard de Lavai,

t ;'~ '•

: M

>'f:^

v-'i!^ ■

Prtyrrs % after which »hf Catil)« Iwing mounted on A ntM
Place at one mil of ihc rcmpio, takes a nakctl SworJ in
hu Hand with the Point ijuwnward, anil Hourilhing it
aix)ut, recites his Prayers. In the mian time the People
jray without realing, putting thcmit Ires \n voriouJ l*orture$k
nd obCerving Icvcral apifh drllures.

The Catil)e has a new Prayer t(ir every fridiiy in the
Year, and when tliat Year i"; expired, make* ulc of the
tame Prayers tor the next. He rej-cats ail without Book^
and it he happens to be out in one Word, Syllable, <k Let-
ter, the Moudins reprimand him publiikly, and the Fealt
is thought to be iiutVcciual. This Service lulls about two
Hours, and alter it is over, the People Ulutinp one another,
and the Kinj; returninj» in j-ruii State ti> hiv I'alace, enter-
tains 'cm at his own l.xfK-nie. Ihcy oblcrvc the like So-
Jemnity on the Pay ot tvciy new Moon, and rejoice when
fhey lee it. Tpon this Occalion iliey clean their Moults,
Courts and Streets, parnifhing the !• ntrics ol tlie I hurche<«
and the Gates ol their I loult ■; wth C ocoa Shells cut in the
middle, and filled with white SamI, and burninp C<«l<,
upon which they burn almort all Nipht Iwcetfeentedtiunis
and Wootl?, at the lame time the Iiilidcs cl their Houlcs,
their Btds, f i. arc ivrfunud atier the fame mannrr.

Though t!ie .\l,\iJi\iins (tlti)rate every inw M»Mir>, yet
they o!>lorvc lour Ix-yond the rcll. Particularly in Dcomtcr,
or thercalxjufs, they have a 1 all called Hnmohn, which
fommtrce^ at the new Mwn;, and lalh tiil the next new
Mfwn. They take their Mi.ilures not from the real
Change, but from ilie Apjiearance of the new Moon \ by
which means it to lall.s out. ili.it I'ome Illaiuis begin the
l-.ilt fooe.cr than otlwrs. The full Ni;^ht ot the Rirmf-
iLn I'ealt the Men and Wmv.en vifit one .jr.other apart,
and divert tiieniti !vr5 with I-eailing, Pancin;',, is'f. till 'tu
mar Day, havn j; j'tipareil thmikivcs lor eating by tallin{»
the precaliiik; Day, in wtnth CuiUiin tiny are lb fujierlli-
t;ous, that for tlwi IXiy they will not only avoid the tailing
cl anv, bjt even the wafliing ol their Mouth, or putting
ihcir i Miners therein, or Iwallowmg their Sp:!tle.

The I'rolnbition ot I'wallowing their Spittle puts tliem to
a t;reat Inconvenience when they are in the Lhurch, Iv-
I ai.le It 15 not allowed to fj'it ther^-, and fo ujxjn every I'urn
they are tortal to run out ot Doors. Nay. luch is their
Jjuixrillilion vijxin the l-eal\-(!.iy, that the Men, who are
allowed to bathe, are prohibited to pliinj;e their i leads in
the Water, leal^ lone Droj) ol ii ftioul.l enter their Mouth
t r \Mi; and the \\ omen arc loib.d to bathe at all. Hall an
] lour before Sun let, all alxive fifteen Year\ ot Age re-
pair to the leir.ple, and iii the Space of that h.ilt Hour
<lranl'c their Moutlis, and pitk tlieir Teeth very nicely,
Ik ngfurnilheJ by the Moudins With Pick-tooths, and other
tleanllng InHrunients niaile ot Conia-woo*.!. This done,
the Moudia makes his try three times, and enters iIk-
I'empL" at the 1 lead ot tlic People, who then li»y then
Prayers, the Wi^nien at the lame tini( being employed m
lay -!g theirs at liome. When that Sei vice is over they teall
and make merry with one ar.rjthcr. iXiring the Kamedar.
the K;ng entertains all the People at les'eral time^, inviting
only i'crioni of the lair.e (jxialiiy at a l iine ; tor they are
fuih rrJigious lM)!ervers ot their (.^ulity, that they will not
cat wit!) ary Pciion of a dillutiit Rank. 'l']y Nobles,
trc entettaiii thtir Friends in like manner i and thus do
the Men anii B<jys feall ; hit tl.c Women, w!io are not al-
lowed to go to thefe Icalts, lend only Preknti at Night one
10 anot er.

Ihe Women bathe thcmfelves in the Kvening, at which
lime the Men are e:,'o;n<<i to avu.d Badu.'ig -, during the
whole C'lXJile ot the Rameslan they tall alter the al»ve
mentioned nunnrr in the Day time, and avoid Sin arvl Po-
Jution a, much ai they tan. It any oiu- breaks ar,y one of
the hall-<i..ys hr i< oL>iigcd to l.ill as mai;y more after the
liid ol the Kamedan. In thts Month iim lioily will work
|w tiny ever fo ^ooi. 1 he Pandure pu-arhcs every Day at
'J'line in the Afternoon m the King", Palace, or in the
Church, or in I. is own I loule. After the Srrnion is over
t.-.ey divert thcmlelvei with the Ijcernle ot Arms, and
Icvtral lorts ot Pl^ys, J aiticuLirly at l-CKit-ball. At the
fame time the \^■G^len and f itrU viiit one another, and have
pa.'tifjlar lorts ol Plays and Divtriio;., finable to their .Sex
iningu's r.iii l:ii'j.(.r in t!.i. Month tii.tn 1:-. any other, and

Bool

the Courtlhip confilh in fending to one .mother Sop"
Verfcj, ir^fcnbed with Boilkins on Cocoa l«vc^ whi
ai white as Paper. '

The Youths likcwife orefent their MiftrrlTes with
lands of fwect fmelling Flowers, and receive in r
Prefents of Betel nicely tlrelTed. In liiir, thry take .ill
fible Me«fures to heighten their Mirth anil Hiv-r
Three Days before it ends the B< llnimi ami the Trtmi
go round the Illand, requiring all the Iiih.ibitanti, wh
Men or Boys, Women or (.irk, to li-nd their Nmi
Writing to the Nayho of their n fprclive /1iic'.\ ai
pay an ORVuni!; of l.alf n l.arnn a I lead, whirh (he 1',
ray very willir;>r!y as a Tribute to (mkI ami Mchiti
For they imj;;iiie th.it wiilioirt the paviiiij ( f thit Tr
their Falling would not avail th-m. In 'this 'I jx th;
nnts pay for the iii\m.ir::'ci (.liiMr-n, ami fur tlieir.Sei^
and Slaves •, and if any mir I'erlon has nnt the Mm
lay down, the King, or any rich Prrfon, y.m fjr
very willingly. The Momy ariling Ircni rhiv i.ix jj Jo
in thr I larvis of lour Heceiveis, t:ne en tli" M.ilt u
King, a lecond for rhe CIcrcy, a third for t'n- n»w
verts, and a fourth for the Poor. (>;■ -t'lirl of it m,
F'.ctlefialtir.il Peilnns another to tlie Pmkl.t'!, ami^l
mainmg third to the Poor. At'out ,/mi,'<(,K ami Sfpit
they have a Solm nity of two n,iy«, in which thfy
alMMit to one .mother b<>ile<l Wine, wit.'i Honey and I.
Milk. This Fellival is laid to take its Rile from a M
that Mohammed wroujjht < n that Day.

I -. There remains yet another very f'-ili^mn Nii;h
flival railed Moultde, which ha|i|xns alioi:t the Mm
Oihb r, l)fing the Night on whuh Mchairmid&'^i. \
this Occalion th<y have a largr I loufe, or Hall nf W
in feveral Paits ot the Ifl.ind, wlii( h is hu:i!', within wit
finell and richefl Tapeflry. T he Moor nf whxh w cm
with white Sand, and Marts .sbove it, ami the Ct
adorned with white Cbtliir t loth, liipported with !
Strings, that run along ir like Stiijus. In this grfjt
hang up fo many l.amjis, that 'tis as fjsjht as Day, aiv
Smell and Smoke of the I'tiluin'* that fli;-y hum, fil!
Air. In the midft ot the Hall (here is a Taljie covered
feveral forts of Meat and mixed I.iquois. 'I he Wi
do not alTill at this Solemnity, but the iVIrn repair ti
alx)ut eight o'clock at Ni|/hr, and lit ilowii in Or.!
cording to their relpeifiiv,' Stations, there being O:
jxiinted to rank them. All the Night long the Prie
other I'.cclclianieal Pcifons ling what they call the
ol David. When Muinir.ht approaelus.ttie whole Aire
fall down flatuivm th'- (iroiinil, as in .v\ Fxtafy, a;ii
tinue in that Pd'ure lor lome timej alter which the
diare and the Canlies flart up ot a likltltn, and ail
lollowing their l-xamples, lk;p aboiit, ar.il leap ujxir
tjther as if they were iiuii.

The People arc lirveil with Be-te! well drefif
Drink, by litty Perfims ch<jf n into th.it OiTire, w
rakoned very lionc.ur.ible v when the Nu^lit isalT.ol
the Priells give over linging, and fay Prayrrs; .iticr
they all go to the Middle ol the Hail, where t.hc
Hands, and every one takes a Plate of Meat, and Ton
maiuk Liquors, whuh they < .irry home with ihfit
clleem very rnuih. After their rel:;.',ifii;^ Kitfi, it

1)roper to lub|oin the Ceremonies of Slarriage and 1'
■pon a D<lign ot Marn.ige they .iiUrrK tlieniklv
Paiidiare or Nayl>es, who, alter ixring luitii lentiy in
that things really are as they are reprelent •<!, takes th
by tile Hand, an I atks him il he is willin;', to take
Woman on the Conditions proi>ol^'!, and the \
always Ixing ablVnt, he likewife i.\\.\< llioiis her i'arci:
their' Confciit. Il they all agree he ni.irricMhem, ai
the By-llanders to witnels their Lonttnt. '1 lien tl
Comj\*nv waits u(>on the Woman honv, and levcr.
Pet Ions vilit her. All the Vilacrs beiii? <iHrrta:n-
Feadipg, Mullck, Daruing, trc. the new-nnrnr
makes Prelnits to the Kir, and t'lC (ire.it I.01
Bride pays the like CompkiiKnts to the <J!i--eii.
other l.adirs-, IkuIi make Prchr.:. like^il^- 10 t!.:;
tio-isi but when the King ib niar.ud, he does w
but receives Ptcirits fiom all hisSubcc:!., ri2.Cu:r,
ment«. Turbans Victuals, Fruit, Flowen, tie.
thck Prcknis, which aiilc to a great \ il«^ het'-'

Chap. ir.

to the E AST-I N DIES.

nfw married Q^iffn. A Man may have three VVivri if
hi- cjn maintain thrm, but not more i ami it all three live
in one Iflancl, he i^ obliged by I .aw to bellow as manyr
Ni[;lits upon one as upon the other. 'I'ho' alter all tliin law
is nut oblirvcd, anil indeetlit is a hard I jw in that Coun-
try, win re the Women arc lb lalcivious.

The Uridcgroom receives no Dowry with his Wife,
and is ol)li{rd, ni't only f'> be at thi: Cliar(;e of the niip-
tiii Solemnity, and to maintain her, but to fettle upon
her a Jointure ecjual to what her Mother and other An-
crilors had. They are lb niie on this lall Condition, that
it the I'lii ll apprehends tlif I lulbaml cannot afltjrd lu( h a
Jointure, he retufes to marry them, Motwithllandinn both
l'aiti<'s require it } but alter all, the Hiidr may renounce ei-
tli.T whole, or part of tlie Jointure, alter Marria^f , anil
inileed, th.it is frequently iirartifcil. Brothers and Silb-rs,
full Couliiis, and thul'c who by way of l-rit-ndfliip ami In-
timacy have uled to call one another by the Names of
Son or l')au(»lmr, I-'ather or Mother, Hr.)thcr or Siller,
thele, 1 fiy, are prohibited to marry. The Males may
marry when they will, but a female (Jrphan cannot marry
till Ihe is fifteen Years of Age ; indeed, if her Father be
alive (lor the Mother has no Power) lie marries her at
ten or eleven Years ot Age, and that to the firll Suitor,
wiicther old or young, provided his Qiiality is in (oine
Mealiire fuit.iblc to hers ; for they reckon it a great Sm
to keep the Daughters unmarried. A Man may tii'U awiy
bis Wife, but unlels fhe contents to the Separ.iii' n, Ihe
may demand her Jointure* Tho' after all, that Demimi
is fildom made, as being reckoned a mean A(^tion, and a
Sig;i th.it the Woman fears that her Mait will never pro-
cure her another HulKiml.

On the other Mam!, the Woman cannot part from the
Uulbaml without his Conic nt. I'iiis lort of nivorce, which
is vi:y freqiunt, mull b'- attelleil by WitneHes, or they
cari'.c: have the Bcncl'it of a lecond Marriage. The di-
vorced Parties frequently rej>ent of their Se|)aration, and
marry ar;ain a liroml, third, or fourth Tiinej but alter
tliree Divorces, lurh re-inarriages are not alloweil ; tho'
fi:,;h is the Levity of the I'eople, that they frequently de-
fire tlum, and in order to elude the l,aw, they have a
comn.on Triik of getting fome proHigate Fellow to mar-
ry the divorced Woman, ami lie with her one Night with-
out touihing iieri after which he quits her betore Witnels,
and lo Ihe is married again to her former 1 iulbind. Such is
tlicfrequtncy of thole Divorces, that aiM.m ihall have an
hundred Wives, and the Woman look upon the Multitude ol
fcparured llulbands as a Point which entitles them to lu-
tiirc Marriages. Wlieii a Woman is lipar.ited Irom her
llulband by Death, flic mull mourn four Months and ten
Days before fhe can many again •, ami if the Separation
IS .iccomplilhed by Divorce, flic mull nniain three Months
iingle before the otUrs to nurry. I'his Caution is uled
for ftar Ihe Ihould prove with Child by her toinicr I lul-
band.

i6. Their funeral Ceremonies are fuperllltious to .1
great Degree; in the liill i'lace, the Corjis is walhed by
Pafu;is 01 the fame Sc>;, who buy that Olliee of the King,
aiul are paid lor their Sc rvire ; then tiny are wrap])'d up
i:i Cotton, and covered with fine white Cotton Cloth,
which goes atterw.irds to the Pried, the Kight-hand ot the
dicealed Ptrlbn Ixing l.tid upon his V.xr, and the Ixtt up
on Ins Thigh. 'I'his done, the Corps is laid upon the
Right-lidc in a Collin ot QtndoH Wood, ami carried to
the Buiyiiig-pl.ice, by fix Kriaiions and I'riends, attended
by the Women- walhcrs, wno cry and howl moll hiile-
Oiiily. F.very Man in Ins lale-time proviiles lor himlelf
a Burying-[)l.ice, and all the other Naellariesi nay, tiny
are lo fuperllltious, that they will r.ulier ll.irve than touch
the Money they have lai.l u[) for tliat Puqxjie. Betides
the fi)c princiiul Mourners, the other Relations and Ni ifji-
bours are pretcnt witlwat Invitation, and upon t!ie Maiili
from the 1 loufe of the ilecealed Pi rion to the tirave, tin y
fcatter ijhells for the Benetit ot the I'oor, to whom they
iikewife ditlribute Sacks of \<K^ and Millet, at the lame
Tune they give to tiie I'rieli i'letes ol Cold and Silver,
the Number ot winch is pioportioiuble to the Kllate ot
tlk iltcealld Perlon, and tin le Iheces are ilillnbuteil by
llie I'lielt to thole who h.ivc aliillcd in praying lor die
N u M u. 4b'.

709

deceafed PrrHjn. The Priefts fing continually during th"
whole Courfe ot the Ceremony, and in the Pioei.n'.oii, a
JVrli)n of (^laliry Iprinkles the AmtlantJ with Water
made of fwcct Mowers.

The Grave is covered with a large Piece of Silk, or
Cotton, which, on the Interment, (;ofs to the PrietU of
the 'Icmole. When the Corps is laid in the (irive, they
turn the Face of the deceafed Pcrfon to the Qiiirter that
faces Mobammtd'v, Tomb, and then till up the Grave with
fine white Sand, Ijirinkling it with Water. When the
Ceremony is over, the Ki lations entertain all the Compa-
ny with Vifhials, and the three following Frid^'ss they
pray over the (irave, where the Piills fiu!;, eat and pray
evervr Day, till tlr. third iriday patTes, alter which, n Ge-
neral Peall isprcpand lor the Relations, FiLiifl';, :uul
Friells, who preteml, that the Soul of the deccal.d Per-
foM is then toiiV( yi d to Paradile. This Fcafl is prepared
rycrv Year, and on M Souls Day they throw frelh white
.Sami on the (irave, and perfume it with burnt Incenfe:
Ihe Cirave is furrounded with wooden Pails, lor they
reckon it a gnat Sin to walk over it. They never bury
two Cor|)s in the lame Place ; for they have fuch a Reve-
rrnci tor the Bones of the Dead, that even the Priefls -'are
not t'uieh them. If a great Lord dies, the Priefts ling
ti'r him a whole Year, and are entertained every Day with
DiIIk s ol MkMt and Betel ; but if a King or Qiieen dies,
the Cereiiuiiiy is continued to the Death of the next Suc-
cellbr.

In this Country, the Mourners make no Alteration in
llieir Mabit, only they go bare-h.-ailcd to tlie Grave, and
continue It) for a few Days after tl: • Interment. 'Ihofe
who die* lighting with Perlbns of a eonrrary Religion are
buried upon the Spot where they fall, without .iny Cere-
mony •, and in regard that they j.re accounted Holy and
Happy, neither the I'riells, nor their Fiiends, pray for
them. Tin y never tranlport Corps from one Illand to an-
other, and even the King himlcll is buried where he. hap-
pens to (lie. If any Perlon dies .it Sea, tliey waili the
Corps, and put them into a Coffin, which they place upon
a Mo.it of (Mndr.it Wood; with.in the Collin ili-y put Sil-
ver, in Propoition to liisCircuinllances, and a written Pa-
per, defcribing his Religion, and withal, praying thoPi
who meet with the Corps to take the Money, and bury
it handliiinely.

17. We come next to their Apparel ; The Men tie
about their Privities a great Swaitli of Cloth, which corner
round about, to prevent any Diliovery in Workir;;, or
w.ilking .ilxait ; next that they have a Piece of blue, or red
Cotton Cl'itli that reaelas to thdr Knees, ami iricn a
larger I'iete <it <^"tton, or Silk, rearhing to their i\nc!es,
and girded with a lijuare 1 landkercliief, embroidered with
(iold and Silver, wliich is l|iread uj-on their Backi, and
tied btlore. Abeive thcle they have a little Piece ot Par-
ty colouieil Silk, whii h reaches only to the middle of their
Thighs. At lad they gird themlllves with a gre.it fringed
tilk liirdle, ilu l''iuls ol which h.mg down before; within
this(«irdle, on the l.elt-lide, they keep their Money and
Betel, and on the Right-lidc a Knife. 'Thele Knives are
maif • ot excellent Steel, the Sheaths being of Wood, and
the Shafts of lilh-bone, for the Bone of a Landcrearurc
they will not wear, 'The richer Sort have both their Hafts
and Sluaihs of wnnight Silver. F'.very one wears a Knife,
ami clleeins it nuieli, as being his only Arms, for none
but the Kinj.'.'s CJtlicers and Soldiers aie alloweel to wear
any oilier. 'Thele, inilecel, have a wrouglit l"'agger at tiieir
Side, ami when they walk along the Streets, a ilriwn
Sword in one 1 laiul, witli a Buckler, or Jav.din, in tlic
(ilher. 'The Maldivaiu place their chiei Oinanients in their
tilver Chains, which h.ang about their Girdle, and of
which every Boy or Girl has more or lei"-, in Proportion
to their Means; but 'tis only Peifoiis ot (..Hmlity and For-
tune that Ihew them openly: In thdc they place tl'.eir
duet' 'Treature, and comnKjnly they appropriate them tor
the C. harge of their Funeral.

'The common People arc naked tiom tlie CJirelle up-
warels, except em the leliivai-Days, on which they wear
Cotton aiiel tilk Jerkins and Waillcoais with lalt copper
Buttons, the Sleeves of tlief- Coats reach only to tlicir El
Ixjw ; lor they alledge,
b S

I i

that it rh.eir \\ nils w-.re

ti-d up

't. ' \ *i

ll k HI

ji^

710 The rOTJG E r/lMl\NCIs PlRARU 1)1. L

1 i ,:!

A'C:

\.t\ M

\< ,■: I ;!•

■ I

^\.> ■ ^

f . ■1',

I,kp ours, tlipy roiiKI not havp t!>r Irrf I'k- ot their Anm.
|Vfti)n\ of Qiul") "'iiwiumly »cjr Unit Ciat* j I'ut lime
luvf a Ciirtom ol Kmnng tfjcir Skin from tlir CntilU up
w*r>! , with a:i (Kloiilcrum I'al^c, iiuilr ot the l'()\»ilfr u\
Cainphirc anil .^jnilcrs IxMtcn mxm m IuhxhIj Stone, and
tiU(,r|'or.iti-il with thr (i.Hili.il Watrr uf (we<t-ftciitcd
Flowtfs. Thry make ih( ir ^V'ivci t)r Iririuls aiu>int tlicir
B4l.k^, W.. wiih ilii'.j'.iint, jikI ilraw VJtiou* Fii'.kTiMH)-
011 il (III i how! vcr, liny mull not a|'p<ar wiili lliof I'uxe
i>( l-opixry ktore ilii- Kiny, or Ix: Inn in Itu i'.iljic
'Jiic Min of this Cinintiy wiar ii|mmi ihcir Hta«ik ttJ cr
juriy-oilourril Iiiiluiis Ionic of whi.h are ot I'ottoD.lor
«hr meaner lort ot IVopIc, ami otlufs ot .Silk, lor tlic ra-
iling of <^ulitY. The Kinf;\ OtfiriTs aiiii iJMklirrv have
trri)ucfilly rmlwi it'urcil H.inilkrri hicfs on ihrir llrails,
which i>ther S.ili)ca» arc not allowal to wui. 1 iitrir
Feet arc alway. nakal, cxici)tini;thjt within Wms tiny
lile wixxlcn Sami.i!v, wliuh tluy | till »»irwli(ii vilitPvl by a

rrilon ot liijutior Rank -, oiitii tiiiui thtir Ixgj aic Iikc-
wil"'' nakrii.

I'hc Womrn n ar a Oat of Cotton, or Silk, whu-h
iciilui fMin tilt If Ml. loll- it» he 11 AmcImi aix)vr that
th -y have a loim Uolx: ol I atlaty, or line Cotton, irath-
iiij; to their Fcif, without any iilit Ixliilti the Neck,
olxrc It n lallrrat with two little i^iKlwi Bottonv 1 his
Ko!>~ they pull ijuitt; uy> to lliiklf thnr Chiklrcn. '1 hf ir
Arm* arc laulcil fiom their NS'nll to tlu F.Uxjw with
Hraci.lets vi S:!vt, ir.lonnKli t'at romctimi* tlicy have
il.ree or tmi: I'^junii ot Imc Silver o|>oii them , t:»ooi;h
(ijiirrd the jx^or lort alloy thr .Silver with Hrala. 1 lie
Womrn o( (^i.»lity have iiinv Lhain* ol (Jolii, or Stringi
•Aith little I'lCfcs il CioM aix.i;f their Netk», an J nth
rcmlanti in their fcjrs. I'luy have their F^rs puiicii
vtiicn they -''c yut^R. '^f* >'n!y in the Cap, ii;Kjn wli.ch
there lunt;i an lur-rinj^, but in twenty-lour I'lw-, up th'.
Grifllr, in which thiy p«it .n many gilJcil .Nal!^, wuh
precious .Stones ( r Fc.irls on tlir i leadi o\ them. When
ill!* Women walk in the StrcctJ they covir their ) Ira<ls
w::!i a Viil, ar.i! are very ci'itinin m fhrvMn;; thiir Fate.
U-fore Men, though in t'lC I'rrlencc of Woinrn ol (u|<-
r:or Kai'.k, they t.ikc oti' tlirir \'nl. 'I'h' y air not all(/wcii
III war Kmjj", Jewf!«, IV.i;:elets w F-ii-riiii;s or LliaiOi
of tfiiKI, till tht.y alk and obMi:.' I.favc ot the t^icin, as
the Mc:i k'o 1)1' tl; Kini;, !•. : tlu Gmc Privilcd;ji-, whu.h
Commonly cuftsilcii. Moiu>

The ililKrcnt (>i^i.il..y . I th~ Women n dillinpuirtird by
ifif Nature ot their 0:n.«ii nrs )i,r none but (j^icens and
l'!i!5i.;ircJ are aliowivi to wrar (.okl-B(atrlct\ or tJold-
Kings on thnr Arms or legs-, Ix-fuics, ''ic (^Krn^ put
Kiny% on their Fote-tingm, the Prune iFrs and Krionsot
th'- lirll (^laiity u|xiii their Middlr-lin;.,i-;'. -, lo that all
otiv-T Won*!! havi tiicir Kimj's ii|x>n the Kingtinf<er aix!
l.iitle-iifigfr«, and the Nlen have th. lriu|x^n then 1 humb
only. Il a Man's Wile tvi^im to wiar ritlier Ofi-.amcnts
i.iui) flic iiU.l to do in ! Miner l"ime<,, th; Mar.'s I axes
are r-uled, ,.:.!efs he be ( r of the KingS O/ficcf:, or ai)
l.ihabiiant ol /V/.u>, for thtP- are exempted Irotn all I'aX'.s
i>o Ajparcl -, Forcij-ners and their Wives are alio trcr, for
i:.ry may wear what ih' y plc-atc, as well as the C !( rgy.
'I hr \. i.meii jlarea gnat I'ait of Heauty in pamtin'r; reii
thr Trails id their Finr^-rs and 'I'o-s, which they t liect
with tiic Jiii.c of a icna;n I rce. Jn a Word, they arc-
very li.UHilum-, and arc -t-iry carclul in Ictt.uR themklvcs
«>!! With a gerti-cl Habit, and with truju-iit washing aiai
pirfoiMi.g: (icntraily Iprakini; their CompVxion n an
Oiivc t. olour, though tome ot dicm arc Lrown, and others
Very '-ir.

1 S. The IVoplcof iliis Country have many prculiat Cuf
t .T.i wi:h It icrciict t J cjiii.(.; ; tin y reckon u is very difho-
ooUfuulc lur a I'cilonol lupniar Rank to eat with his Inferi-
oi I antl imhed they Icldoin rctjalcuncaiiotht r.uiilrisubcat
lok-nin Icttivak. If they niran u, cornpl'-mrnt a FiienJ,
t'u-y lend a covereii ] ublc with kvcfil UiIIk^ ol Meat fi
tl;-ir J riend's Ibnilc, wIkj is iticrt-by mukIi hunouied 1
bi)t, i.'i thnr own Jloulci tlicy art lautKXis of catini' in
t .' iVeJMKc ot (;tiur'. 1 bclore and alicr eaiinr;, thcy'lay
I'layc: ,; .iivl tluir labk i\ the l-lwir.tovrred wiili a line
Mai,u'>(>n whuh thry lit crols-lqjgcd ; they leal lo nicely
tlut ti/.-y Wi,l liot ^iJOJ) o.ic Crmnj, tuy, not h tnw.ii as a

l)op H \V.itrr, ih<m<{h tl^- valli lliwr Mwitl» bcf,
4'.k\ .itiir. Intteail ol 1 abk-ikjths aiul Napkins tluy
l,anan.- laavcs : 1 htir Dilhes are made ol f^,,),, Jl
ii,t I'urulanc, whuh is very tomnuwi m ifui u,,, '
Hold or Mvcr V.jllrls beinftpfohiUtuI by I aw. ii^,
ill round like Boxes, vfu'i .v cat then tort r,o-A-f »hi
they put a I'icce ot '"Ik, fui ik- Filmirn arc -hot
(lumnous jim\ trotifilelt ,i.e that n wouKl |< ,i„,^(fi.
keep Meat without a C.<vcr uimii it 1 ami the Pcixilf
lotiit-c, thit thiy will not lalle any Mat tluthalu
tirtnlkd by a Fty, Fitiiiire, or any I,.lnt or unci
Ihiiig, but give It to the Fowls. As 1, r the po
whom thry look iipoi. ;u the .Ser»j!its ot (io^t, ih{y f^
to otFer iImiii what they will not ,jt thcinlclves, and J
tctiaiii tlicin w.th the bell VurtiuK tliey luvc, K [hty 1
the lead Liack in a Dilh.thry eat no inoreoutofi:,L
ing it polutcil.

All SjKHjii-nu-atthry »ar wii'« thtir Fingrn, btif «i|
to nicely, tlut they let .lothing tall. th.u bemj; .^xicn
a very i atural Fiere ot DrceiKy. If they have ()c
fion to tough or Ipit at time ot catnifi, tluy ,| . i^
the 'I'abic, ai.d walk out ; thiy never feed tlitmlfiv-m
their I /rit-haiid, bccavilc they make uk of it m Wiih,
their I'nsitei. TJiey thoolc to begin ihfir WciU »
eating a Coto.i-nut lialt rij*, and drinking tlie W«?,'
It, w.iiih thry lay luotens the Bixly. While ili-y fj| ;
are all liiciii:, and make quiek Ditpatih, la ».rh then
is an i.unjaiiicrly I /nng to l< Itmi,; taiing, l!,;- t.ii.
tor a Fieee ol Kudei,- Is and Jim ivihty to tJia-.l, Ui,^ ,
have (.lune eating, ano even then thry drink but urtr
llier Water or Cotoa-wine In-lii drawn. Tficy .Irjp.k
i.t t .)],[ieriu|.'. w- ! wrought, with Cortr, to ilnni: A
Citing and walhuiH, they lervc up a J'Lte ut Betel uill
ol bweet-mcats, fur the FriiU u l'crv,-il with t,.j Mi
I'hey have i.o fet Mial-times, l«i: tat -vhcn thnr .4[;
titc provoker them -, and VVtuais is dclFed only by
Womrn, tor the Men ilclpilt the Charader ot ,1 Cu
in luih a Manner that they will rot convctlc w;th ^ M
cixjk, or adir.it him to a Share id their l''jtercik% h?
ing iloomeil t>y his 'I r« ' .• to i.'ic Co iipany of Wtinc!
ii>. When they kid a Bwlt I^>r Foo<!, the" turn li
Faci » ti)Wards.V/#/i«)»»iri/'5 .Vjiu.'ehn, ami louit i!sTh
in a (articular t'iaie ; alter which they ruperlliiiouUva'
lite louJiiiig ol It till It iS ijuite dead. Ihtirlkti
mint i)c ancient, and the l-athersol Children. When
awake out ot their .Sleep they prclently vvalh thnrl
and I .Mrs, and rub them with Oil, and blacken t.Hcir
l.uis and I y<' IJruws, lor kiwrc the iVIcrnuna- 1,1
l>uty, they mult i„jt (peak, t-r bid ar.y i>::c dood-mor
'I'hey are very tarrtul in walhingand cleanl:: -, their J'l

d;iy inipreU their red Colour i;;tjn thcni, which t ..-.
very lond ot. 1 h'-y arc always chrwing Betel, .1
they continually carry about with them m th: I'a.
thei: Gidlc, auit mutually pr;t( r;t to each^othcr upon
I'lonal Salutations. I'hcy bathe U-torethoy enter t.'ie'
pic, and walh with their Ixttdian.l alter natural Iv,.
ons. When they bathe at home, they plurii;? tln.;r
ihrec Tmscs und^r the Water i aiul in regard tiut
ways batljc and pray in [wblick, and that the rei,
Crimes have j>eiuliar Ceremonies, calculated lor
evc'y Man's Ciiirics or Mildcmeanouis arc- thus expo!
the (lubhck View: When they let out upoa a \\.y,ip,c
avoid tovicliing or nieeting any l-Kjdy, tor il any uii
Accident l)clalls them, thry impute it to the Pcrloi
touched th'-m. \\ hen they go a f.lhing tncy niultii'
lute an-iT, or bid tlicin CjfKxImorrow. irom Sun-I
'ihhfjday, till three or lour .i-Clock ncxr M^rnini:,
lult'er nothing to be earned out ot tiicir Houl.,
ceive all that is brought in.

It thry tall out one- with an.othrr, thry never m
it" they did all the W orid would tall upon them. ■
ciolkd at Sea, they ..ildrc-h t.hcnil -Ives to the- Kini; 1
Winds, f tor they do not tall hini a Ooit \, a'lii 1 ■
Illaiid there is a deloLfr Hye-pia;.-, (.i:icct i'-c.'.
thofc who have clcapcd Dantvr m.ikr Olicn";^:> d
Boats and Slnjjs, made on pur( ulr, and loade-d with
I'crtmncs, Mjwcrs, and oiloiil-rruub Wood' It-f)
the Fc: fumes, and having let tire to the Boats .vA

•■\\;\.' id'

their Houl., w. r:-

('.luip. II.

io t/jf KAST'l^DlE S.

711

lififl _a-ilrift, »i> ^'iul llicy rtoat up aiul^lown nil ilicy arc and whri. iluy are nine Vr.ir; old rlicy commence the Stu-

' "" ' ' "" ■ '" ' ' iliis 411(1 I'.xmil. mI the ('., ,.ity.

I hiir Studies wi\M in learning to rr . 1 and write, ty
'Jcill,*iiii the /llibran, jnd w know thm Duty. They

Mnv: l)ur Uv and this tluy tal<c lur .i .^atimce that is 4c
.mtable to ihe ivnu; ul ilic Wind*, Jliit v^l, , I'l.y can-

Satiitice that is
'y ca
uJc talily fet tlicu" Hoat\ and (>allicj alioat, tla-y kill He
dCoiM, and ihidw thetii into the Sv.a rij'.ln alorr the

Slii|» tlry iilf.ui to lail in. i'liey iik< «ill' |uy a liipcrttiti
Cij* IXIcnna- to the liiu^;inary Kinn i.l the Sea, uiuj dare

avc thi.c (orts ot Ltttrr,, vfz. the Arabick, the hUldt-
van, and a third I'urt, whieh is eoiiifiionly iniKJe ule ot in
- moll I'atts ol (he A'<i//-//iJ/«. Their l.eflbnj arc wrote

nut li-it I" the VNiiuUaKt ot the blup, nor look behind down tin while Tables ol Wood, whiJi they drn;i and
them. whiten 4R,iin alf r ihey hav. |VJt their Lellbni by Hear: ,

AH ih ir Boat* and Shin:, arc de\oled to the I'lincc of hn diirahli- Wiitm(<i arc on |'a|)rr made of th-.- Li-ai ol a
the Wind;i iwA Seas, niil ill y keip ihcni as mat and live called Ma.urf rlutnu, that IxaC bung a Fathom and
c!(an as rrmjiles. 1 iny pi r • a wiinicrhil Virtue in <er- n Iiall lunj-,. _r.il a hoot lirc.ad. To ti:.Kh the ChiKlren to
lam Cliar.iftcrs ( liled CuviM\ whiili they wrar under their wiite, tin y iiiaivc ule ot no I'ap-T, but make DrauRhtj ol
Ciainu as in link Jk;xts, and lonietinuA umii i iheir Anns, l.<tu r. witli a Hodkiii upon Imootli, plain Hoards ot Wood,
Naiv , (lirdlis, or I'ec t. aetordinj; to die Scat of the iJi- coveird with line white San.i, 1 lie Children have iucli a
iKmiKri lor, th-ir imij^inary Viitue i. laid to tonUll in profound \ enrratioii lor thtir Mailers, liiat they cannot
t.iiihi; or ealinti Difealcs, proniriiiy I ajvc, I l,m«d, S.itety, many them any more titan their (i\w» Parents. Ji^.tnc ol
„r n.ingcr, i^i. Thcle tiny buy ot the Ma[;ii lans, who tluiii, r||R. lally (lie Muudim, j\,:hy., antt Catmes, carry
aie liieir only I'hyncians. 'I'hiy inii utc Peaili, Sieknel's, iluir Studies a ^rtat l,eiiL;t!i, and acquire i;reat Skill in tin.

yiltoraii, and otiur I'n.itiU of thr L.au, 'I'iie Mathe-

a;-.d all Allh'tton to the Htvil \ ai.il, in onler to paeily
liini, make him OlVerings ot Mowers and UaiKjiM. in a
Lcrtain Plate, wli' re tli y kt lliem conlunu-, unki, l()ine
p,)or body ha.n tlu ^entt lo t.ikc them. \S itii tli'. laiiK-
Vi;w th',y ofl'er lu.ii Coiks and Hens which they kill
with lluir I' aces direv^iJ towards M',hamm:-u\ Tomb.

10. lo give a (hor: Account of tlu.i n,"i| common
Dllteinpers J the li:il is a Iivcr, whith i, < .ingdous to
An epidemical antl ic,iitagc(Hi.s L'lX.ili called

.StraiH-VLs. t\n epiuemicai anti ic,iitagc(Hi.s Lfix.iu c

CuridJin, and not unlike tin- •'mall-|)OH, vifiti them once the tout-ball, which thev tolls very dextcroully

matieks are much cfl :'u n tliis Country, antl elpeeially
that Part i.ilkd Allio ;y , lor tlr y al\v.i\ eonfult .\llro-
logers not only upon Nativities and Biiih,, but uj m all
Uiulertakin^s wh.itio' v..r, as 'I'ravelling, Buiklinj;, Uc

As tor their I'.X'.i Is they ii.ivc Schools for learning the
rijiht l.'le of a Swo.d and Uiukkr, of a Bow, ol a (Jiin,
and lit a Pike ; aid the Malters who teach thc'iiare inucti
relpictc.d. Tliiy ll.ive no loit ot l)ive;I:r,r,', but that of

Many of

m ten Years, and fweep-, oii' a great many. I'hey arc them apply themfilvis to Maniifafturcs, for Houlhoki-
li.ible to nilbriieis ot the V.yn; many ot them are quite (iouds and other Commoilities, svhiih th y make very in-
blind, and niotl ol them have little I'.yfs. When ihcy gcaioully i but the moft uiiiverlal and the moll: conlider-
li.ive Oceafioii to be long in the Sun, in t lie Height of the able I'.xeriile they h.ivr, ii rh.it ot Pithing, whieh is fo
Day, they fometinies lol'e their Sight wh i the Sun goer, connnoii an Kxereife all ovtr the MaidntSy that there's no
down, and tor a Ciiir ot that Iiuiimity, tin y take i'. Liver fiieh thing a. a paitieular Trade of that Nature ; for Gen-
of a Cock bciled, and. alti.r the wiit.njf, ol i i.Tt.'.:n Words ti'men, and even their Kings, purine Fifhing as we do

,1-. J Charms upon it, Iwallow it jull betore Su itt ; by this
Remedy both 1 aud my Companions rcccivei. a conliiier-
able Uuicfit, though we omitted the magical Pait. I'liey
an' vciy lubjciit lo the I:eh, which they h'.il with the Oil
fct Cutoas, and foiiie ot tluiu aie covered all ov r with in-
cDiableTettei'., whuli is owing to their feeilmg niuilly upon
S.i!i fill), and iliJi pourirg lalt Water upon their fait
M.ar.

In the Winter, as they go b.ireloot, nt twithllanding
that it rains mntinually, a fort ot Worm breeding in the
Muil lei^cs ii[ on the Suals of tlxir Feet, and the Intcivals
of their Toes, where they laile Wheals that degenerate into
L'ker:,, f > that they caiimi walk i their whole Ikjdy is hkt-
wne iiil'illid with thel-. W uini'.. Commnnly tluir Spleens
arc luge, and liable lo Oullru^-Lions, ami thin Ikllusare
apt tj fwell, and be hard, whi, h they believe proeceils
from their unhealthy Water. In ail external Inilinima-
tiuns, or .Aches, th' y apply 1 uv, wluch raifes a Sear, and
upon liiat they lay Cotton llecj ed in Cocoa-Oil, whieh
jruVts very fuccel'stul ; ihei! Ukers, which iiappen chieliy

riatrs v\ Coppei. As for ilieir Wounds, they cure them
v;ry >:ixt;roully, by the Application of Oii.tmeni:,, with
(ut ai y Bandages or Teius ; they are foni. times troubled
vsith Catarihs, Uefiuxions, and Pains in the Bones. Vc-
liual Difeafts au- tivijuent among them i iiowever, llicy
:.Me ili'iu with China wood without Sweating, and thole
DilUnip-is are lunimunuaiid to them t'lom iIk- l.:iicpfii>is.
Ihcy are altogether un.iiqi:ainted with the Tootli-aeh,
\.Wu !i ihey owe to rontinual shewing of Bett 1, lor that lor-
t.iiti ti.e (iiinis. As fcini .1. the CliiklKn come into the
Wori.i they wafli them for a conlidenible Space of Time,
\'.\ times a D.iy in to! i Water, and then anoint them with
t):l. Wh.n liny void tii.; ! Avrements they walh their
I'liVitik witli \Vater. An Mutiurs, even the i^ueens
(lun-.lelvjs, fuil.Ie their own Children, and belides
tlie Breall-Vulk, i'm\ thtiii with a tort of Pap made
o: Milht briiikV, .md Iteiped m Wan-i, and alterwarels
Luikd :n Milk an.l Su ;ar i.t'foi oa^. Though they never
I'.wi^'idle their Childieii, yt C i nrvvr law any of them lie-
t' lined ; tiKy ri;tk iliem in 1 iai!imOv.ks of Cord, or in little
( hairs hung up in the .\ir, v.Iik h tliey I'wing to and again.
.'\i the Age ul nine M'in'hs tiie Ciiiklren begin for to |

Hunting iu this I'.nt of the- World. Fvery Man there
enjoys the natural Liberty of Fifhing where and tor what he
pleale'S. The Filh which are taken in the deep Sea about
fix or feV'^n Leagues olf the Rtts of the .■Ittotlons arc large,
and ot levcii or eight liarts, lijch as Bonitos, ^lliacores. Guilt-
heads, &c. winch are all much of the lam : Talle, and have
no mole Scales than a Mackrcl. The Inllruments with
whieh they catch them are a Line of .i Fathom and an half
of great Cotton Tliivad iied to a Cane, togeili r with a
Hook that in Form rekinbli the Letter h. '1 lie Bait is
not lallened ui;on the 1 hjok, but thrown about into the
Sea i for they drag alter their Boat a Qi^^anticy of finall Fifli
like our Roaches, which are very numerous among the
Hanks .md Santls, and whiiii are [iivt'erved alive in Purfe-
nct.i of Cocoa-ihic.id i aiul when ti y come to tlie deep Sea
they call thefe httk Fillies about, mk\ throw in th, ir Line.
I 'i ,11 which the great billies perceivingan unwonteel 'jiian-
tity of little Fith crowd upon them in Shoals greeiiily
hs.illow the whitened Hook, taking it for one ot the littli:
I'llli. The Fifli that fwailows the Hook falls oft" a.s foori
'n their Legs, are (>erltCtly cured by tlie Appluation of as the Line is brought inro the Boat, and fo the Line i<s

■ ' ' thrown in again. At this rate they will till their Boat witli

1 ilh in thiee or lour Hours Time, and, which is very
ibange, the Boat is .ill alon . under Sail. The Fifh thus
taken arc ail black, from whence they are called Cobolly
Majfe^ i. e. the BLuk-Jijh. They have another way of lifli-
ing in the Night-time upon the Banks that furrountl th;
/L'ioUoni. At every tuU and every new Moon they convey
themfeives to the Banks upon Flurdles, and the Fiihing
lalls three Days every time. 'Tis performed by Lines of
hard, coarfe Cotton '1 bread, fome ot which are fifty or fixty
I'atli'.n long, and aie blackenetl over with the Bark of a
Tree that ii;rves inllead of Pitch, in order to preferve it
from Corruption. At the End of tins Line they have a
Flook with a Bait failencd upon it, atcer the liime manner
as is ul'ual among us : By this means they catch a prodigious
Quantity of large reel Filh, Inch as I never law elfewhere,
which eats moll deluioully, and is by them called, -The
Kmx of tkc Sea. In tine, they li.ive fiieh Plenty wf ilveral
forts of Fifli, and ililfeivnt ways of caking them Uhke.own
to Us, that 'tis impollible to dillinguilli tliem ; lor Ivlides
the Lints above-mentioned, they luve all lorts ot Nets ol
Coltun, 'Lwiiie, Wiiee'-, and other Inlliumenrs tor Fiflv
I mt-v

',0,

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<i'?'^s^<

!MAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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1.0

iai2.8

2.2

114

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ffiotographic

Sciences

Corporation

33 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 873-4503

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712 T/je FOTAGE of Francis Pirard de Laval Book I.

ing. ITjion the Flats near the Shore they catch fmall F illi preaching to the Door of the Hoiifes, whitli is always open
like Pilchmls with Cailing-net?. and Ijwad witii lajxltry ot Cotton Clot!,, „r fomeorhtJ

At the two Equinoxes the y have a general Filhing, Stuft, they congh once, u\m\ whiclj tlic IVopI,; of the
which is very remarkable : At thde two Periods ot the Houle come out. In the llland oi M.i!e the Kliw's OH-
Year, as the Tides How beyond their wonted Bounds, fo cirs and Soldris ccnigli frequently, to give Noria- to o't
they ebb more than uliiai, and difcovor Icvcral Rocks and anotlu-r in the liai k Streets, lor tear of rcccivin|r mutual
Flats, which at other times continue uiider Water. Upn Wounds Iroin tlu ir Arms, which are always nakcii in tli ir
this Occafion the MaUiviaiu pitch »\xm Rveral dry Cor-
ners, which they cncompals with Stonis rail( d like a Wall
to a great Hciglit, biing forty I'accs in Circumtcrencc,
with a Door or Kiurance lek that is three Paces wide.
This done, tliirty or lorty of them llrctih out, all round the
Flats, a laqje wiilc Circle of the grr.it Cocoa-cords at each
Fathom, ot which they tie a Fittc of Cocoa-fhell dried,
ond that fupplics tlic Place ui Cork, making the 1 .iiie lloat.
Now the Filh ini.loli.d within the Circle aiC in kafd
with the Shadow of the Floatii g-line, .w it it had a Net
underneath it, that inllead of making tlinr I'.lirajH- by
Iwimining, tl-.cy t1y from it, am!, by the gr.ylual Coiitiac-
tion of the I>ine, arc brought into the Inclofure, the Fntry
of which is thirr.U|H)n lloi^ped \vith all Fxptiiition with Fag-
gots of the Boughs aiiJ Leaves ot Cocoa compacted toge-
ther of the Bigiufs of a Man •, after .^.11 the Sea runs out, and a Salary allowed them by the King, in proixirtion to
and leaves the Fi:li on the I'ry Land. 1 his Filhery, winch their Dignity.

continues fifteen Days tof;ether, pro.!uces commonly ten or 'I'he Nayhes indeed aic liktwifc- employed inthe Adnv
twelve thouland i-ilh. To conclude, I know ot no Place nillration ot Jullicc ; nay, tliev .irr the only JuJgis l)ot:i
in all the Erjl-lrJi.s that can vie with the Maldives for a in civil ami criminal Cales v and it is for tlie fahe" ot Ju-
■ ' ' '' llicc, as well as the promoting of Religion, th;;: they m.iks

four Circuits in the Yc.ir, throu|',h all Parts withm th.i.
Jurifdiction. When they go thel'e Circ\iits t.hy g,i;.:, ,
their Dues, and receive Prefrrts from an Infiniiv of l\r
fons, fi) that the Circuits lurnilh fy tins means the bcii iV:
of their Incotnes. 1 he Nayir'., or thirteen Jik!g;s, ir.:
under the Direction of a fupt-rior callc-d the I'ani'iarc, as-,!
in Arabick the Cady, wlio rel'iJcs in the Illcot MuU\ ar.l i>
not only the fupreme Judge i^v;'.'! C.iiitcs, but likcwile tiv;
1 lead of the national Church. I !e r;-ceivcs .Appeal-, tr.im

Mands.

2i. We flull in the next pl.ice take a View of their Go-
vcrnment, which is an abfolute Monarchy, for the Kiii" u
feared and revered by all, and every thing (leprnds umii
his Pleafure under him. Facli AttoUon has a N:iybe or
Governor, who is a Priell, and Dodtor of the Law. The
Naybcs govern the inferior Prirlls, and an; intxultcd with
the Adminiltration of Jullice, ami the Mana;>rir.cnr of rdi-
gious Concerns. The dintons or /lltallans btiri" tiitxli-
vided into many Iflands, each of thefe Mint's that^ortain
alK)Ve torty-one Men, is allotted a Do(ftfir caikj Lantihc
who prcliiles thcie in religious Matters, and riilis over the
particular Priells ot' the Mofiiues. All the Priclh are ex.-
ployeii in inftructing the People in the law, and livctrwa
a certain Portion of Fruits collected tioin every InhaWtint

rich and plcntitul l-iHury

2 1 . Alter having tiuis ilifpatched the Learning and Fxer-
cifes ot the .\L:'Jtia!::, it will now be proixr ti) take a View
of their rcmp;r ar.d Inclmaticns ; tluy arc a lively, brifk,
and at tlie laisie time a fobcr and wil'c People, and very
liilcrect in moll of tiieir Actions. They love Arms ancl
F.xeicilc, and aie not ilcllitiitc ot Courage. 1 hey dilulay
a great deal ct Im'.udry in Arts and Manutaclurcs, and are
p* lite em ugh in thnr Manners, llicy are religious to a
very high degrc-, ami lupLrlUtious beyond meallire, tho*

at the lame time they are extreamly given to Wantonncfs the Naybes, but does not pals Sentence without takir,:; the

Advice of four or live Moncori', i.e. Doctors leatm.l la
the law, and divers other .Scicicc--, who are iiniv;rl',iliy
honoured and refpccted, there being only fittcn in all t'le
Maldives. 'Fhe Judgment pronounced by the I'amli.ire
may Iw reverted by appealim; to th^ king himlcll, who
ujHjn luch Occalions order- Jullici to l)c done by the prin-
cipal Officers, of whom there are fix Counfcllors of State.
The P.unliares make a C irant once a Year t.'irough the
Ille ot Male., as < very Naybe tloes in his refpec^ive .it.'cHtiii,
and comlcmns all to Ix- whijiped that cannot lay their CreeJ
ami Prayers in the .Iralic Tongue, and contbuc them \\m
the Ma'idivitn. When he goes along the Street the Wo-
men niutl not Ihew themfelves ; .tor if he Ipies any unvul-
ed, he orders tlmr Hair to !x- thaven. Fach AUjUjii has,
liefides the Naylns, a Collcftor of the King's Reveiiiies.
Jurtice is dil'ix'iilcd in the I loul'e of the Naybe, or cllc at
the Pandiare's 1 loule in Male, and liimetimcs, in Calis of
Moment, in the King's Pal.ice. The Drfend.int is fiim-
moned by S<-i)eants calleii Drjainti to come bctore the
Naybe, by Virtue of a Ipreial Letter or Writ irom f.J
Nayln- \ but it he lives out ot the Naybc's JurifdiCkion, he
is t'ummontd by letters trom the Pandi ire, which enjoins
him to come trom any Part ot the Realm to the llland 01
Male.

The Pandiare's Writ is I'erved piiblnkly upon the II"-
fendant by the Calibe, or Superic <it the 'llanl, and il he
docs not ap[Kar at the Place appointed, he is init only ex-
communicated, and excluded trom eating a:'.d drinkiag
with his Neighbours, or coming to Church, but Ici/cd by
a Party of .Soldiers. If either I'laintiff or Defendant ful-
|>eCts the Partiality of the Naybe, ilii y have Recourlc to
the King, who orders the Caule to be tii-d bttore i;i';
tial Judges. 'Fhe contemling Parties plead tluir (v.'i
Cautcs} in the Bufincts ol Right or 'Fitle they are ;.:!:•, i
by the law, and in Allegations of Matter ot la.'tdi-
Plaintifi" mull have them attelled l)y three Wiimilrs ''
elle the Defendant's own Oath will bring him olV. hi i;
minilfnng an Oath the Judge liolds up the Hooh ot tn-
Law, and the Ivvidencc is obliged to touch it with h>
Hand, and that not lupcrlicially, but lo tlutcvtiy c: . n-''

(jblerv

and Debauchery. Adultery, Iiucif, and Soilomy, are
their common Aaions. Notwithllamling the Severity of
their Laws, Fornication is accounted noCrime, and a young
Woman lutiers no Affront tor obliging a Friend Ixtorc
Marriage. The Impudence of the Woimn is unparalleled,
and the NLn are as vicious as they, though indeed they
cannot outdo them if they would. 1 he Men bend all their
Thoughts uixjn their I'upporting ot Nature, and wouKi give
their whole l.llates for a Receipt to corroborate dnxiping
Lull. Their amorous Feats engrol - all tluir IJiliiourfcs, and
their Wives or Whores are tluir inllparable Companions.

Though they are impiu'ent to the fill Degree, yet the
Regard they have tor tin ir I'arenf and Relations fliOes it
in tir.ir Prcleiue 1 an.t it a Man ta!l;>^ a littli; jcKularly to
a Woman liclcre any ot her Relations, they will relent it
lo far as to prof.ciite him at law, and olilig- him to own
in Court, that he takes them lor P; 1 l()ns of 1 lonour, unlets
lie dccl.ircs he diJ not kr.ow of tluir AlTinity to the 1-uiy.
A Man mull ii()t enter where a Woman bathe, or is pre-
lei'.t without her ( >ai nunt ; tho' the never takes o.'f the Chjth
t.hai lupplies the Place of a Petticoat. When a Man is in
Company wit!) .1 Woman, it anotlicr Man meets them, he
rraill not alk it (he be his Daughter, or Wite, but if ftic be
his Kintwoman, and wl-.at Degree of Aliinity or Confan-
puinity Hie flamis in to him : i-or, it the Woman be really
the Man's Daughter, and the other atk it (he is his Wite,
he will take the Qiieliion lor an lnf.miatio:i ot Incelf.

As I intimate i alxjve, the Women Ithlom (iir abroad in
the Days, lo that they make all thrir \'ifits at Nighk, being
arcompanieiJ with a Nluii who walks l)elore, and when he
kcs any one appn^ai l.ing, calls out tlnue Cas, i.e. take
tare. Upon tins S.jval ttie Man l)tijkts Ir.mtclf to the
other Siile of the Street, witiiout Iccmiiij^ to lee or know the
Woman : Nay, it one Woman n icts another, the takes to
the other Side of the W.iy, and (iocs not lalute her unlets
Ihc be very intii.iutely acqiainted with her, the outer
Gate of the Mou'. . U ing always open till eleven o'Clotk at
Night, at wiiuh i imc every Ijody is at home. The Vili-
tors have no Ocialioii to knock, and indeed the Gates liavc
ng Knuckcfi. Alter cntcimg the Outer-gate, and ap-

:>E Laval Book I.

f the Hoiifrt, which is always own
ryot Cotton Clot!,, or fomcothcl
c, uiKm which the I'copI,; of the
hf Illaiul of .\h'f the Kipp's OH
trrqiitntly, to give Norici- ,o u^e
ictts tor tiMr ot rcccivin[r ,,-,ufual
■'S wli'th art always nakcit ill til ir

next place take a View of their Go-

abfolutc Monarchy, for the Kin" is

all, anil every thing dcprmls umii

n Ivach ylllcUon has a N:iybc or

cit, and Doftor of the Lw. The

trior Prirlts, ami arc intiulled witi,

iltioc, ami the Manai^rtnc nr of rdi-

Cimons or /Ittallous king tiibdi-

, each of thcCc Mam's that^cortain

IS allotted a Doctor ca:;;J Lantibc,

hf^ioin Matters and rules over tlic

Moliiu'-s. All th- Piidh are rxl

ic l'to|'lc in the I jw, and live ii'iyn

lits collcded Iroin every Inhabitant,

hem by the King, in jToportion to

aic likcwik- cmplnyeil intlic Adm:
lay, thev arc the only juJgis hotii
ales v and it is for the "lal:e ot Ju-
miotiri,", of Religion, th.it they m.ike

car, throiii'Ji all I'aits witiiin th.ir
they p;o thell- Circuits th.y ga:;;,.
I'c I'relei'.ts from an lafiiiiiy of l',;
ts lurnillj hy this means the'hell Part
ic Nayiif'., or thirteen Judges, ar,;
' a .iiprrior called the Pandiare, and
dio relidcs in trie Ille of 4L'iV, and i,
Judge \\:\\\ Catile5, but hkcwill' t'l:

hurtli. I le receives .App.'aK timi
iiot pals Sentence without takii-,.; the
e Mom oris, i.e. Doctors leaned la

other Stieiicc!, who are uiiiverlally
d, there bein<^ only fifteai in all t'le
^^nicnt pronounced by the Pamii.ire
apjiealihi; to th? King liimlcll, wlnj
irdtr, Jullici to l)c done by the pnn-
:n there are (ix Counfellors of State,
.e a I iiaiit once a Year tlirough the
N'aybe iloes in his rel'peiflive .ttc'.'.tn.,
<• whipped that cannot lay their Creed
j/'/V Ponf^ue, and conlbue them i:!:u
•n he goes along the Street the \Vo-
icmfelves •, .tor if lie Ipies any iinvcil-
air to be- lliaven. l-'ach Attdllut has,
a Collcdor ot the King's Revenue?.
the I loutc of the Naybe, or die at
in Mali, ar.d liimetinics, in Cales of
g's Pabce. The Defendant is llim-
called D.~vaints to come bttorc the

a I'pecial Letter or Writ from r;.-
•s out ot the Naybt's JurifdiCtion, he
frs from the I'antii ire, which cni()::'<
y Part ot the Realm to the llland o:

rit is fcrved publickly upon the P'-
, or Superic.- of the 'ihird, and il he
I- Place appointed, he is not oidy ex-
excluded from f3tinf5 and drinking
or cominj; to C'huich, but lei/.cd by
If cither I'laintifi or Detendai't lul-
f the Naybe, iluy have Recoi.rie to
■s the CViUle to In: tiid Ixlore i;;;; .:r
lontcniling Parties plead thur iv.n
:1s of Rii;ht or Title they arc jiih'/il
n Allegations of Matter of Pan th"
them attidcd by three WiliKlies er
)Wii Oath will bring him oil". In i'
the Judge holds up the Boek ot tir
ince is obliged to touch it with li:>
uiKrrltcially, but lo that every w^ miy

obferv

Chap. II.

the EAST-INDIES.

cbfcrve arealContraft. Whatever is adjudged to the PJain-
titf, a twelfth Part of it goes to the Serjeant, but nothing
tu the Judges.

If Women are called as Witnefles, three of them arc
tquivalent to one Man. Slaves can neither witnefs, nor
plead, and the meaneft of them, called Alo, have but
one Wife, whereas the reft arc allowed three. By Slaves
thty undcrlland fuch only as voluntarily fell ihemfelves, or
are imported as Slaves from foreign Places •, for a Ship-
wreck'd Stranger, that was not a Slave before that Mif-
fortunc, continues in the Enjoyment of his Liberty. The
I'unilhmcnt of beating a SLive, is half of what they in-
flift for beating a Freeman.

23. An infolvent Debtor is obliged to become a Ser-
vant to his Creditor, but not a Slave, and he and his Chil-
dren after him continue in the Service till the Debt is
workcdout. If he thinks himfclf ill ufcd, he may turn himfelf
over to another Mafter, provided he lays down the Money
due to the former. If a Man be inurdered, his Wife cannot
profecute the Malefaftor, but the Judge obliges him to
maintain her Children, and bring them up to a Trade,
till they are of Age, at which Time they are qualified ei-
ther to forgive, or profecute the Murderer; for the State
ukcj no Cognizance of perfonal Injuries unlefs the Party
aggrieved complains of them. The ordinary Punilhment
fur Criminals is Whipping, which, indeed, is very fc-
vcrc, and frequently mortal ; but in tome Cafes they arc
banilhed to the fouthcrn dcfart Illands, and in others, they
are doomed to the Lofs of a principal Member. The
Whips arc made of Thongs of thick Leather, which arc
1 Fathom long, two Fingers thick, and four Fingers
bfoad, five or fix of them being fattened together in a
wooden Handle. Whipping is the Punilhment for Sodo-
my, Inceft, Adultery, Perjury, and Raues -, but over and
jbove that Punifhmtnt, an Aduitcrcfs nas her Hair cut
off; a perjured Criminal pays a pecuniary Mulct for the
Benefit of the Poor, and a Kavifhcr is obliged to give a
D0W7 to the injured Woman.

The ftealing of any thing of Value is punithed with
t!ie Lofs of a Hand, and the difobeying of the Law, with
pubhck Pennance; tor they arc of Opinion, they can
never come into Paradife without tatisfying the Demands
of the Law. The Sentences pronounced by the Judge
arc executed by the Serjeants, for they have no Hangman
or publick Executioner ; tho' Death is by Law the I\i-
nfiuncnt of Homicide, they never condemn a Prifoner to
die, unlels the King exprelly requires it, which feldom
happens; and when ic does, the King fends his own Sol-
diers to execute the Sentence, for he referves the Power
ot Life and Death to himfclf i whereas the inflifting
other Punilhments lies in the Hands of the Judges. Their
Tenderncfs in not fentencing Criminals to die, is ground-
ed upon Pretence of not difpcopling the Country, there
being fo great a Number of Criminals who juftly dcfervc
Death. When the King is jjcrlbnally olFendcd, he makes
the Criminal lie upon the Ground, Hat upon his Belly, his
Arms and Legs being held by tour Men, w hilc his Back
i! Ibundly beat with a Bengala Cane, called Ralan, which
tikes off the Skin, and leaves a perpetual Mark.

Indidments, Dejwlitions, or Sentences, arc never put
n Writinj;, Iwing all very lliort -, nay, in civil Matters,
the Allegations arc never written, unlels it be in a Suit
■or Und of Inheritance, or Cocoa Trees, which are
"ioned immoveable j then, indeed, the Judges give Let-
t:r5 fealcd with Ink (Wax they do not ufe) for an Evi-
d-r.ce of the Pcrfon's Right, to be trantinitted to Pollc-
fty. The Inh.abitants of tliis Coujitry arc divided into
four OafTcs, namely, the Royal Family, Perfons invctled
».!h Dignitici and Offices, the Nobility and Gentry, and
ihc common People. Tlie third Rank is ditlinguiJhed
'rum the fourth by their Birth, and the Diftinftion is fo
fictly kept up, that the latter dare not fit in the Prcfence
"f the former. If a Noble Woman marries a Plebeian,
5if retains her Rank, and ujxm her Account, the Children
« reckoned Noble i but a Woman of the loweft Form
tar.not cnoble herfelf by marrying a Nobleman.
^ Befides the Nobles by Birth, there are fomc cnobled by
'■IS King, who, upon fuch Occafions, gives them Letters,
tr.titling them to that Priviledge, and fends an Officer
'f^uiul the llland to make Publication of the Promotion.

7Jt3

The firft Rank comprehends the King, who is called Rof-
quan, the Qiieen is called Kcneqiiel/ague, the Princes and
PrincelTcs of the Blood are called Cai/aas and Camanaz, and
all who arc defcended of the King's Prcdeceflbrs. The
next Station is allotted to the great Officers of the King-
dom, particularly to the Suillague, or the King's Lieute-
nant-General, who commands in the King's Abfence i the
tudiquerty^ who always attends the King's Perfon, as
chief Counfellor i the Velanas, who takes Care of all
Strangers, and takes the Rudder off all Ships that ar-
rive, for tear they fhould fet fail without taking Leave ,
the General of their Forces, called Dorimnaz ; the Man-
pas, or Chancellor, who affixes to all Letters the King's
Seal, ». e. the Impreffion of his Name in Arabick, en-
graven on Silver-, the Secretary, called Carrans, &c.
rhefe Officers have, befides the Rents of ceruin Iflands
allotted them, the King's Rice for their Provifion (which
IS a great Honour, allowed likewife to the Soldiers) and
the Toll of the Ships that trade to the Maldives. The
Officers and Soldiers are fo much efteemed, that a Noble-
man is not refpefted, unlcfs he be an Officer, and a Gen-
tleman will hardly pais for fuch, unlefs he be lifted into
the King's Service.

The King's Guards confift of fix Companies, of one
hundred Men each, commanded by the fix Counfellors,
called Mofcoulis : Befides thcfe, there are ten Battalions,
commanded by ten of the Grandees of the Country, which
fcrve the King not in Fighting, but in the Launching of
Ships, building of Palaces, and fuch other Work, being
called together by the Sound of a Bell. In five of thole
Companies none but Gentlemen are received, but the
other five take in common People. Slaves are always ex-
cluded, as well as thofe who work in a mechanical Way,
as the dreffing of Cocoa Trees, &c. and particularly fuch
as fcrve others, or cannot read or write. Whoever is
lifted as a Soldier, pays twenty Larins to the King, and for
ty to be diftributed among the Company, in which he is
to ferve. To conclude i all Offices are bought of the King,
and much coveted, on account of the Honour and Power
that attends them ; but the Perfons inverted writh thefc
Offices can neither fell nor refign them.

24. The Wanders have but one Name, fuch as Af<7-
bammtdy Haly, Hajfam, JJfan, Ibrahim, and are diftinguilhed
by their Stations as Noble, Prebcian, tff. added to their
Name, and fometimes by the Addition of the Ifland in
which they live. The royal Palace is of Stone, one Story
high, and has a great many fine Apartments, without the
Ornaments of regular Architefture. It is furrounded with
Gardens, in which there are great Fountains and Cifterns
of Water walled in, and paved with large fmooth Stones, and
guarded continually, to hinder People from waftiing in
them, as being folely refcrved for the King and Queen's
Ufe. The Palace is divided into feveral Courts, each of
which has a Wall in the middle, paved with fair white
Stones J and in one of thefe Courts the King has two
Magazines, one for Ordnance, and the other for Ammu-
nition. At the Palace-Gate there's a Guard, with many
Pieces of Ordnance, and other Arms. The Portal is
made like a fquare Tower, and on Feftival-Days, the Mu-
ficians fing and play upon the Top of it. Faffing on from
the Gate, you firtt come to a Hall, where the Soldiers
wait, then to another great Hall, where the Noblemen
and Gentlemen attend ; for none but the Officers of the
Houfliold, with the King and Queen's Slaves, or Ser-
vants, are allowed to go farther. The Floor of thefc
Halls is raifed three Feet high from the Ground, to avoid
the Ants, being neatly boarded with Wood, and covered
with a fort of party-coloured Mats, which they make in
thefe Iflands, and which have feveral Characters, and
other Figures wrought upon them.

The Walls are hung with filk Tapcrtry as well as tha
Ceiling, which has pretty Fringes hanging about it. The
Noblemen fit down crofs-legg'd on the Mats which cover
the Floor of the Hall, oblerving uundtually the Order of
their Dignities. The Gentry ot the Ifland of Male, and
the ordinary Courtiers who arc obliged to falute the King
every Day after Noon, fit in an outer Hall till his Majefty
comes forth. The Gentry of the other Iflands come likcT
wife to wait on the King in the lame Manner, and always
bring Prefents along with them, for no onu lalutes the
g T King

Pi 1

f f

■•!<:;

t*( )■

! ,

.^^l

I I!

iuM'l

714 77.ie VO Y AG E of Francis Pirard de Laval Book

m. *^

'■a

•■111

•■ L

I . (

. 1(8 *" ' -

King without oik-. The Ch.imlrrs and rnncr Apartmmfs
die hung with lilk Tapcllry, and enriched with gold How-
crs and Branches of fcveral Colours. The Beds ot the Pa-
laces, and thofe of the great Men, arc hung with Cords
jipon a Beam, fupportcd by two Pillars, and fo the Perfon
is rocked to Sleep. It is ufual among the liettcr Sort of
People, to make the Servants rub and chafe their Bodies
when they lie down, and to give tiKm Kttlc Slaps, or gen-
tle Blows, with both their J iands, from an Apprehenfion,
that it promotes Sleep, and cxjscis the Spleen.

The King is generally cloathcd in a fine white Robe,
or Coat of Cotton, reaching to the Ciinllo, or a little low-
er with white and blue Edgings, and made fall before
with mafly gold Buttons. Then he has a Piece of red
embroidered Tapcllry reaching from the Girdle to the
Heels, and fallncd witli a long large Girdle of Silk, fring-
ed with Gold, aiid a gieat Chain of Gold before, uixin
which their lungs a large Jewel, as big ai ones Fift, com-
pofed of the fineft precious Stones •, he wears likewilc a
Knife, made after the Falhion of the Country, and it is
richer than onlinary. Upoii his Head he lias a Cloth of
Scarlet, that Cloth being fo much cfteemed in that Cowv-
try, that none but the King prelumcs to wear it. Thi»
Cap is laced with Gold, and has oti the Top of it a great
goW Button, with a precious Stone. The Grandees and
Soldiers wear their Hair long, but the King has his Head
Ihaved every Week. His l>egs are naked, after the Fa-
fliion of the Country, and his Feet is covered with Slip-
pers of gilt Copper, imported from yirabia^ and made
like Sandals, which none befidcs are allowed to wear, but
the Queen and the Princes of the Royal Blood.

25. When the King goes Abroad, the chief Mark of
his Dignity is a white Umbrella, which none are allowed
to ufc but Strangers, who may have what they will. Up-
on the fame Occafion he has three P.iges near his Perfon,
one carrying a Fan, another his Sword and Buckler, and
« third a Box fiill of Betel and Arequa, which he chews
every Hour. He is likewifc atttndcil by a Dodlor of
Ijw, who reads in his Prefencc, and puts him in Mind of
Religion. This King docs not purfue the Diverfions of
going Abroad, and Fifliing, as his PredecclTors were
wont to do, but fliuts himfdt up in his Palace, and fpcnds
hts Time in carrfTinp his Queen, giving Audience to his
Courtiers, and fccing a great many Mcciianicks and Arti-
ficers work ; for he kccjxs in his Palace Painters, Gold-
imiths, Embroiiicrers, Cutlers, Joiners, Turners, Ar-
mourers, iic. and finds them Work 1 nay, he works fre-
quently with his own I lands, and lix)k5 on it as a Sin to
l)c iiile. He is a Man of a lively cjuick Apprthcnfion,
and very curious to learn mechar.ick Tnuies. He encou-
rages all Strangers that prai^ifc Arts unknown to his Pto-
])k, and makes Enquiry alter ihufc that excel in their
Way.

On a Tridaj he goes in great Pomp to the Temple, be-
ing at;cnded by his Guards, confirting of an hundred Men,
and his ordinarjr Officers, with a complete Bandof Mufick
ofDruim, Flutes, and Trumpets. After Service is over,
he returns with the fame Rctwiue, tiie Soldiers leaping all
the Way at the found of MuTick, and ftriking their Sworiis
on one another's Bucklers, and that in fuch a JucccfTivc
Manner as to avoiil Confufion. He is likewifc attended,
in his Return from Church, by all the People ot the liland,
and regales with a Dinner tlie Pancliore, NayUs, Catibcs,
Moudins, Gentlemen, and SoMiirs. After Dinner he
hears Caufes, and adniiniHcis Jullice. Thefe Iflands af-
ford neither 1 lorfc nor )^a\\.^ and therefore the King
walks abroad on Fcx/t, ui.ii Is I .• Ix: carried in a Chair upon
Slaves Shoulders, which hajp^ns but tldom, lor he ij a
brawny ftrong M.in, and dioolis rather to go on FfKJt. In
li-eal:.rg to ttie Kinj;, or (^!' rn, or Princes of the Royal
IMrKx!, unJ m Ipe^king ot tlinn they luvc |jecu!iar I'.x-
jicir.L.v., that they dare net apply to uihet-s •, as when
ihry lay i;t .mother Man, he ib aflicp, in uikiiig of the
KiDi;?, they lay, he takes h:s U^fi.

1 he Qt^^ -eiis W-. ar tikc fame Juris of 1 l.Jiits with the
oii/.-r /t..».V;:'.;i Women, (.'dy tiieir Cloaihs .ire richer.
Tiie N(,ij!cir.:r-. I-iiiiciaii<l Daii^I.tcrs areuhii^ed to wait
i:pon t!j-::, every I.v t r.mg: And vv i ..n the (^.v, i^ go abroad
iwhit !i happci.i Ut VC.7 frluoui} all tiic Wuiiicu in the

Ifland run fo meet them in their refpcclivc Diftrifts
Prcfents of Ftowcrs and Fruits, t!ie Shc-Siavtj m
Notice, at .1 great Diftance before them, for all W
get cut of the Way upon that Occafron. Four great
dies carry over the Qiicen's Head a Veil of white J
reaching to the Ground, fo that flie \\ not fcen.
Queens bathe frcq\iently in the Sea, as well as other ^
men, fijch being the Cuftom of the Coimtry, which
reckon very conducive to Health. For this Fnd 1
have an Iiiclofiirc in the Sea, covered with Cotton CI
and upon the Shore a little Htn.lc, with a Frclhw
Bath, which they ule as they come out of the Sea. 1
light is never {^cn in the i^uefn's Ch.inikrs, or thm
the Ladies of Quality, for tlieir only Li>^;ht is 1.,
burning continually ; and the Place ol the Room w
they ulually retire is blocked up witli four or live Row
Tapcftry, the innermoft of which neither Man or '
man dares to pull up without couyhing or hemmir''
and tclltng who they arc. When thiy umirell;, thr
off only their Robe, for neither Men nor Woimn m
MaUivts dare to throw off the Cloth that is tied round 1
Mkldle.

26. As for the King's Rcverue, he has m.iny IHanris, w
arc Crown-Lands, befidcs a fifth Part of all the Graii!
Fruits of the Country, and a Tax on dried Filh, S
called Bely, and Cortls of Cocoas, which he lays i
them according to their Circumlhnces, tor he ha
Taxes paid him in Money, abating what is paid as a
chafe for Titles and OlFices, or f(;r Licences to wear
Apparel. He obliges his People to make ium tvtry "
as much Cotton-Cloth as doaths his Sokiiers, for he i
them Ck;3ths as well as Pay. This Revenue Ls furtlu'
largcd by his Claim to the (loods imjxjrtcd by Shipf
for a Ship no fooner arrives, than the Owners tcja
him, and give him an Account of their Cargo, 01;
wluth he takes what he pleafes, at low Rates, and ob
his Subjefts to take them of him again at what Piit
plealcs, by way ot Exchange, for fuch Things as he w.
and often fits out Ships laden with the ConiinuJitics
own Country.

All Wrecks found on the Sea Shore arc immed
brought to the King, for no Subjett dares keep th
that lame is done with Ambcrgreece, calkd by the
divti Gomen, which is moa- plentiful here than in
Part of the India, and which is lo narrowly jooke
that whoever appiopriates it to his own Ule lolts a
In a Word, wiiuicver the Sea calls upon the Slio
King's, narticulai ly a fort of Sea-nuts, cillett 'J'.inac
big as a Man's Head, which they fancy to grow on
under Water. The Portugutzc call them Cocoas
jMaUhes, They are ul'ed in Phyfick, and ver)' (kar,
Money is Silver only, and bur of one fort, called 1.;
however, all Gold and Silver is cur.-ent here by \Vi
it is all over the Iiuiifs. Before they take it, it is
tlic Fire, and every Man keeps Weights for that i-
There is a fort ot" Metal called Cabin, rclcmblin
much citecmcd in the liuiitj, but not current there,
money palTes no where in the Imiifs but in the Doni
of the Prince that coined it, having but one fort
they arc forced to cut it, by whurh they lolc
Part. Inllead ol linall Coins they ule Ibmetimc
12000 of which nuke a l.ann, and a I^uin i
alxiut eight Soi>, k'ing long, like one's Fiiigi
foldui i the King's Name is fct upon tl.ole Fol-I
Litt'ers. Tiieii Gold and Silver is all ini;
abroad, but in their own Markets flu) oheii iMit'
Thuig for another. The MuJJiics arc well In
with Merchants, and the CoinnKxIities they Kn
arc chietly the Cocoas, with which they ka.i .ibo
hundred Sliips yearly. Of tiiis the Cordage is ni
feivcs all the Slnpi >'t Jratia, Muiubar, and all tiie
They make alio Oil and I loney of tiiat Tree,
weaving the Lraveo of the Tree make Saili. 'I h
alio little Shells, that contain a Creature in t!u:n
Bignelb of the Fiul of om'b liiric Fiiigei, whir
fmooth, and glittering. Ihey filh for iheni but
Month, three Days before and three Diys alter
Moon, and lobilore and .liicrthe Fuil Mnon I'
men gather them in tlve .Sands .md 1 la'.i ot li.i: ">■-

a t

^RD DE Laval Bookl.

cet tliem in tlicir refpciftivcDiftriftj witi,
men and FruitJ, tlie Sht-Slavej givmi.
cat Diftance before tliem, for all Men to
Vay upon that Occafron. Four great La-
the Q^icen's Head a Veil of white Silk,
; Ground, fo that flie i< not feen. J'hc
[•qvicntly in the Sea, as well as other Wo-
; the Cuftom of the Country, which thfv
mdiiiiyc to Health. For this Knd iluv
re in the Sra, covered with CottonClot!:,
Shore a little Hw.iV, with a Frclh-water
•y vitr as they come out of the Se.i. l)jy.
ecu in the Cjutrn's Ch.mikrs or thn|H ul
Quality, for their only Li^;lit is l.-mp
ally 1 and the Place of the Room whcr.-
re IS hlocUrd up with fuur or five Huws tt'
inncrmoft ot which neither Mxi or Wo-
ull up without couyhing or hemmir.,", full,
1 they arc. When thty umlrefj, the-; [.nil
lobe, for neither Men nor Woiiiin m ti.'.-

throw off the Cloth that is tied round their

•King's Revenue, he has m.iny inamls.whirh
ds, bcfidcs a fifth Part of all the Grj;;; and
'ouniry, and a Tax on dried Filh, Shells
id Conls of Cocoas, whicii he lays iijAn
g to their Circumllances, tor he has no

1 in Money, abating what is paiti as a I'ur-
s and OlTiccs, or ft;r Licences lo wear ib.j

obliges his People to make him every Year
i-Cloth as cloaths his Soldiers, for he g.ViS
s well as Pay. This Revenue is further ■:?.•
L'laim to the (loods inniortcd by Shipping,

fooner arrives, than the Owners tc] air ii>
I him an Account of their Cargo, out of

what he pleafes, at low Rates, and cbllj^ps
) take them of him again at what Piu\: h;
f ot Exchange, for fuch Things as he wanti,
►ut Ships laden with the ComiiiuJiticsot':i.i

s found on the Sea- Shore are immediate'/
rKing, for no Subjed dares keep them;
lone with Ambergreece, called by die Ms'.-

which is more plentiful here than in any
dtn, and which is lo narrowly looked atttr,
appiopriates it to his own L'le lol'es a H.in,i.
^iiaicvet the Sea calls upon the Sliore is tli;
ulaily a fort of Sea-nuts, c.-il!cil Tanacarro.a;
s 1 lead, which they fancy to grow on Treti
The Portugutzt call them Cocoas ot tiie
ty are ulcd in Phyfick, and ver>- dear. Thei;
tr only, and but of one fort, called Urms ,
Jold and Sliver is cur.-ent here by Weight, a.
he Mid. Bi'forc they take it, it is tried ii»
every Man keeps Weights for that Purpol.-,
)rt of Metal called Cabin, rclcmbling Tn,
:d in the /*//«, but not current there. Iron-
no where in the ImiUi but in the Doniirioi;.
that coined it, having but one fort otCum ;
■:<\ ti> cut it, by wliurh they lolc a rkvcih.i
1 of liiull Coins they ule tbmetimes Sinl.-^.
hith nuke a l.arin, and a I^irin h wmI
Sols, Uing lonj;, like one's finger, .ir...
ing's Name is fcl tipoii tl.olc Folds ;;w^rc:;.e
leii Cold and Silver is all ini;orteJ trciu
in their own Markets rhej oheii I'luier one
.nother. The MilMvcs are well tie>iuen:.-
nts, and the CoiiinKxIities they lend ;ibr..U
he C(Koa.s, with which they K-il ^bovj -xi.-
IS yearly. Of this the Coidai-c is im^.^ i '.'^
Sliii.s .d .Irdia, Mui/^^ar, ar.d all the !'i...o

alio Oil and 1 luney ot iliat Tree, am. t.
Lcivfo of the Tree ciuko Sails. I hey v.r-'
irlls, that contain a Creature- in t,u:n o: ;..
he F.iul of oueS hule Fiiipei, white, n-"

L'l.ttering. Ihevlilh for them but tw...
.r V)ays bclore ai.:! three D.iys alter tl;.....
;.lKlorcand.iri=rthe Fiiil M-'on "'^,;;\
ihem m the S.uiO'. and 1 Uti ot u.c -V*. ■' '• ;

Chap II.

/o //j^ E A S T . I N D I E S.

: A

inc up to tlicir Middle in Water. Tliefe go only to Bin-
m/, the Inhabitants of which elfecm them fo much that I

live fef" ''I'^y °'' ^"'^^y ^''T' '*^^"' w«hout any other
Commodity, bound thither. Though in BtHj^al they have
enough of other Metals, yet thefe Shells pafs there as Mo-
ney, and the King and Noblemen hoard up prodigious
Qtiantiticsofthem, accounting them their Trealure. They
give twenty Meafurcs of Rice for a Fardel of Shells, each
Kardel containing 1 2ooo. They have, bclides thefe, a fort
of Tortoife-lhell, called Cambc, which is black and fmooth,
jnii has many natural Figures ; it is found no where but
there and in the Pbilippinej, and goes off beft in Cambaya,
Here they make line Reed-mats, and Cloths of Cotton
and Silk > in Exchange the Merchants export fomc Cot-
ton and Silk-Cloths, a fort of Oil, Arac, Iron, Steel,
Pieces of Porcelanc, and, in fhort, all the NecefTaries of
Lile V yet every thing is cheap, bccaufe of the Number
and Frequency of Ships. They import all their Gold and
Siircr, which they never fend out again, but lay it up
among their Wives Jewels as their chief Treafure.

2-, After following our Author through his large De-
ffription t)f the Maldives, we are next to recur to lus per-
(onal Adventures, in order to acquaint the Reader how he
recovered his Freedom, and cfcaped from thence to the
Continent of India, from whence nc returned to his native
Country. The Faft, as he relates ir, nms thus; He fays,
That in the Beginning of the Month of February, 1607,
he dreamed that he was fct at Liberty, and found a Pe-
lage home to Europt, which made a very great ImprefTion
on his Mind, infomuch that it induced him to make «
Vow of going in Pilgrimage to the Shrine of St. James
cf GoUcia, in order to return God Thanks, if this Dream
ihould prove true ■, at the fame time, he was exceedingly
perplexed in his Mind, and endeavoured to difcover how this
could be brought about. Ail his Conjeftures proved vain
and fruitlcfs j but two Nights after the Thing difcovered
itfelf, by the unexjxjfted News that the King of Bengal was
(irtparing to invade the Maldives with a Fleet of fixteen
Sail of large Gallics. On the firlt receiving of this Intclli-
gfnce, the King of Male ifTued his Orders for fitring out,
»ith all imaginable Expedition, the large Ships, and all the
Gillies, Barks, and Veflcls in his Dominions ; but before this
could tje accomplifhed.the Enemy's Fleet appeared in Sight ;
upon which the Kingfuddenly alter'dhs Refolution, andde-
ifrmineil to fly to the Southern lllands, in Hopes of taking
Shelter there,tillfuch Time as he couldaffcmblea Force fut-
licient to expel the Invaders. His beft Goods were immcdi-
rely embarked, as alfo his three Queens, each of whom was
carrwi by a Gentleman in his Arms, as if they had been
Children, covered withV'cils of Taffety of different Colours \
15 loon as they were on Board the King followed them,
bring his Capita! altogetherdefencelefs,and the Streets full
of Women crying and lamenting the Danger to which
they were expofed. The Enemy no fooner arrived than
thty divided their Forces, fending eight of their Gallics in
Piiriiiit of the King, with whom the Wind failing, they
vfry tjwdily came up, engaged his fmall Fleet, and hav-
ing killed the unfortunate Monarch of the Maldives, who
tciught very bravely in his own Defence, made thcmfelves
Matters of his Ship, Wives and Trcafures. As foon as
theic People landetl in Male our Author furrendered, and
jiut himlelf into their Hands, declaring to their in what
Manner he came thither, and how he had remained Prifo-
Mr tliere for feveral Ycare. They treatcil him very kind-
ly as foon as they were latisfied that he svas not a Portti-
inzt; for had he been of time Nation they would, with-
M any Ceremony, have {Hjt him to Death. The Con-
ouerjirs remained about ten Days on the IlVand, in which
J>pjie they carrie-d on Board their VefTels all the Plunder
^'' the King's Palace, with every thing of Value they
cr.u!d find, particularly one huiklred and twenty Pieces of
l.a:;i)on, and then preparrtl fur their Departure, leaving
f.cry bdly at Liberty, excepting only the King's Brother-
LvLiw, whom they tarried with tin in, ami our Author,
*^owent of his own Acc-oi\l, and who with Ibmc Diffi-
"•■•y t )t to Bengal, where he had k-iUire to contrive, the
^<^ft he could, 'the Meana of <i\\\<S\:\';, a P:ifl;ic:c back to
i^ntt. While he rrniained in iVwi.'.//, the Mopil declar-
eJ War agamlt thit Prince, \v!io uiiincdiatcly alfcinbled a

7'S

prodigious Army, in order to withftand him, amountinR.
as our Author was informed, to feveral hundred thoufand
Men, and fome thoufands of armed Elephants; which
iniiitary Preparations did not incline him to remain an«
longerthan till he found an Opportunity of withdrawing
himlelf, and this m a Ihort Time he obtained.

28. He retired from Bengal to the Malabar Coaft, in- •
habited at that Time for the moft Part by Pirates, from
whence he proceeded to Calicut, where he remained cirht
Months, waiting for a D«/tA Ship 5 but at laft was pt-r-
luaclcd by the Jefuits to go to Cochin, where, on his firft
Amva^, he was imprifoned as a Spy, and fuffered great
HardJhips. At Coa alio he was a Prifoner with thofp who
jemained of feventeen EtigliJIj taken at the Bar of l^urat.
The Jefuits had brought one Maftrr Richards and four
other Englijhmen from the Mogul's Court ; fome Hollandc'rs
alfo were there, and they all were Prifonets together ; but
the Jefuits undertook for them, and proaired their I.,i-
berty, viz. Tbemas Strjens an Englijhman, and Reclor of
Morgan College in Salfete, Nicholas Trigaut a Walloon,
Stephen Crofs a Frenchman of Roan, with Ga/par Almnno a
Spaniard. This Thomas Stevens procured the Liberty of
the Englijhmen alfo, four of which became Catholuk.-:,
and two of them died there. Don Louis Lorenp d'EJla-
Wa arrived at Goa with the Title of Viceroy to the Peo-
ple's great Grief, with the more defired Don 4ndreo Fur-
tado : Ten Months after his coming four great Carracks
arrived, each about two thoufand Tuns ; five had de-
parted from DJbon, but they knew not what was be-
come of die fifth, which was feparated by a Tcmpcft at the
Cape, in each were embarked a thoufand Perlons, Sol-
diers, Marincn, Jefuits, and other Churchmen, with Mer-
chants and Gentlemen ; but whcr; they arrived at Go.i,
there were not above three hundred in each, by rcafon of the
Sicknefs and Miferies they endured in eight Months at Sea
without Sight of Land. Thefe brought an Edift Irom the
King, forbidcling the Englijh, French, or Dutch Commerce
in his Dominions ; and if there were any fuch there, to lend
them away, upon Peril of their Lives. On the 2 6th.of
December 1609, he embarked for Li/bon, and on di.- i ^th
of March 16 to,' they arrived at the Ifle of Dif^o RcJyi-
guz in 20% about forty Leagues Eafl from Saint^Laurciue.
After a cruel Storm there five Days together, th.y reached
the Cape, St. Helena, Brnfil, the /Ifore, the Berliugs, and
having paid his Vow to St. James in Galicia, he arrived at
Rechel thi: 16th of February i6t i. Thus we have brought
this Voyage to a Conclulion without taking in the Auth;)i*s
Travels through the reft of India, which would have fwelled
the Seftion to a great Extent, and would have contribiitecl
little to the Reader's Satisfattion, as containing nothing
which may not be met with elfcwhcre, in as good, or in a
better Drefs, as the Reader will perceive in the next Sec-
tion, wherein we Ihall give one of the txafteft and beft
written Voyages to the Eafl- Indies that is any where ex-
tant. But with regard to the Maldives, Pirard'% Account
is beyond a Queftion preferable to any for the Reafons we
have affigned at the Beginning of the Voyage. It may nof,
however, be amifs, confidering our Author went thither
one hundred and forty Years ago, to conclude the prcfent
Seftion with fomc Remarks on the State thofe Iflands are
now in, that we may give the Reader, as near as polTible,
a compleat View of the Subjeft at once, without fatiguing
him with necdlefs and impertinent Repetitions ; for want
of whicli Caution, moft ot our old CoUeftions of Voyages
fwell to fuch bulky Volumes, and at the fame time .Vie, in
many material Points, cxtrearoly dcfciftive.

29. One would imagine from the Account given us by
this Writer, that in the Courfe of lb many Years as have
clapfed fincc his being fhipwreckcd on thole lllands, many
of them muft have been fwa!ljv/ed up mtirely, and many
more rendered uninhabitab!.- and tlefart, which, hov.'ever,
does not appear to he the Cafe. On tl-.e contrary, the Iiland
of Male, according to the latcft Accounts we h.ivc, i.s in a
better Condition than ever, and the Dutch carry on tin re
a very confiderable Commerce, the N.ativcs themlelvti
alfo trading in their own Vclfels to Ceylon, where they are
well ulcd liy the Diitih, .ind m«kc a very grc.it Proiit of
thofe little Shells which are called Cauris, Ccris, and by o.ir
Seamen Cmries. Of thcic there arc prodig'ous Qvianti-

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tiei, not only on the Shore of the MaUivts,vk{hoi thither
by the Warn of the Sea, but alfo dug up in the veiy
Heart of fome of the Mands, as being very probably left
there at the Time thefe Lands were dcfertcd by the Ocean.
As the Meafure of Things, which we call Money, is alto-
gether arbitfary, and depends folcly on an Agreement
wnoogil Men, that this or that (hall ftand for, and be re-
gaidrd as a common Meafure, fo in many Countries, both
of A/is and AfrUa, thefe Shells, by a certain tacit Agree-
ment, are fixed as fuch a common Meal'ure, and are con-
icquently efteemed, and have the Currency of Money. It
is that (pvea them a Vahie even with fuch as dcfpife thofc
who trade with and receive them as Money, without re-
fleeing, that Shells are to the full as capable of being con-
ftituted Money a* cither Gold or Silver, and without re-
membering that they are compelled to praftifc what thev
themfelves b much condemn, and to take thefc paltry Shells
for Money. At Bengal two thouland four hundred Cowries
were, in the Year 1 740, valued at a Rupee, or about half
a Crown of our Money.

But the great Ufc of them is on the Coafts of /^Wm, and
particularly on thofc of Cuinta, where the Negroes elleem
them to the full as much as Gold and Silver, and whae
they pafs under the Denomination of Bougiu. Wc nuy
guels at the vah Confumption of this Commodity or Mo-
ney, by the /rracifr Merchants in the Kingdom oi Fidab\
who give for a Piece of the common Cloth made by
the Natives, commonly eighty Pound Weight of Cow-
ries, and fo in proportion fur the richer Commodities of
that Country, luch as Wax, Ivory, Gokl, tff. The Duub
ufijally furnifli other Eureptan Nations with this kind of
Negroe Com, if I may be allowed tha Exprcflion, and
the Reader will eafily conceive from thence how beneficial
that Trade is which they drive with the MaUivtj. It might
be wondered how this Demand for ihcfe Shells is kept up
upon the Coaft of GuiHta i but in order to account for this,
we are to undcrlland that, like Gold and Silver, thefe are not
only the Meafurcs of Commerce among the Negroes, but
likrwifc the highcd Mark of their Finery, fincc they wear
them as Necklaces, Collars and Braccleu, llrung upon Hair,
or Silk, either in fingle or double Rows* which indeed
make an odd, but at the fame time no diCigreeable Figure
on the Neckj and Arms of the Natives, the fnowy Whitc-
nels of the Shell appearing to great Advannge, when com-
pared with their jct-blaik Skiiii.

Heretofore about t*clve thoufand Pound Weight of
Cowries was fufliciet.t to purchalc a Cargoc of five or fix
hundred Negroes ; but at prclciu the Market ii raifed, and
the Proportion between Man's I k-fli and Baubles fo altered,
that d Ship Load of Slaves cannot be bought for led than
twelve or lourtcen Tun of Cowries. As there would be a
great deal of Trouble in adjufting Payments made in thii
kind of Money, the Negroes, though fu ftupid as to fell
themfelves for Shells, have invented a kind of^ Copper Ba-
ton of fuch Size and Shape as to hold about one hundred
and eight Pounds of thrfc Shells, which is a great Fofc to
the Merchants. Wc mud not, however, imagine, that
thefc Shells are not to be found any where elfe but in thefe
Iflands, fince it is certain, that they are likewife met with
on the Coaft of the Pbttippinti \ but tbcfe are of an inferior
Nature, and much below the Cowries of the Maldivu in
Whitenefs and Ludrc. The principal Man in Etiroft for
thefe Shells is Amfi:rdam, where they have of them large
Magazines, and where they are purchafed both by Frtncb
and Etiglijh Merchants, fur the Conveniency of exporting
them to Africa.

But to return to the Trade of the Maldives^ which is far
from being fo inconfiderable a:, fome of our modem Wri-
ters woukt have us believe, and that for no better Keafon
than this, becaufc the Eureptans have not fettled amongd
thtm ; whereas from this Account, it is mod evident, that
It IS inijKtlTible for them tu fetde there fur a Multitude of
Krafons, which muft naturally occur to every judicious
Header. But there is notwithdanding a great Trade carried
on there, infomuch that fome hundred Sail of Ships are laden
annually with die Produrt of their Cocoa Trees, that is, with
the Oil, Huney, Cordage and Sails made from this kind of
Palm- I'ree, which grows no where either in fuch abun-
dance, or to fuch Pcrfcftiun, as on thefe Iflands \ neither

do they want other valuable Commodirics, particularlv
the finell Tortoife Sliclii in the W'oriil, lUmcd n»
turally with very beautiful Figures, and wroualit up bi
them in Cabinets, Combs, and other Curiofitics. But
what plainly proves the Riches and I nduHry of the Peo-
ple is, on the one hand, the Cheapncfs of Cotton, Silk
Oil, Iron, Steel, Spices, and Cin/w-ware, with other fo-
reign Goods, which couUl not be brought about, if tlieir
own Manufadluret did not enable them to balance the Ac-
count with the Foreignen, who import them i and, on
the other hand, that Plenty of Gold and Silver which li«
been always vifible in tlwfe Iflands, and which muft have
been very foon carried away, if ever the Balance of Irade
had been agtinfl them.

It feems alfb to be no fnaall Honour to the Country,
that neither the Force of the Port^ueft, the Ambition ot
the Englijb on their firft coming into the Indtts, or thr
Frauds of the Dutch, have deprived the Inhabiunts ol
thefc Iflands of their Liberty. It is true, that from the
Account our Autlior has given, this does not appear tu
be a very difficult Matter, fincc the King of Bengal wji
able to make fo great an ImprefTion with lu finall a l-orcc;
but, at the fame time, wc ought to refkcf, that this Un'
queror thought fit to abandon the Ifland of Male as looa
as he had reduced it, which appears to me a very plain
Proof that he thought it impratfticable to keep it ; and,
indeed, where a whole Nation are fo much uf;;ii to live u
Sea, as well as on Shore, it will be always found a vay
difficult, it not impofTible Matter, to reduce them. The
great Policy of the Legiflator of thefc Illaiids, whoever
be was, very plainly appears in his adjutliiig fo nicely as he
has done, the Nature ot their Conflitution to the Situation
of their Country, and that Courti: of Life, which from
thence they are obliged to follow. To this wc may jullly
afcribe the k>ng Continuance of their Moiiarcliy, the t-'uite
of wlsich does not leem to be at all impaired by the Settle-
ments made by the Europtaas in thofe Countries i but,
on the contrary, the People have encreafed their Riches.
and the King has extended his Power, by falling into
Trade with them, which is more than can be laid of any
other Country in the Indits.

It mufl, however, be alk)wed, that very few Travellers
or Voyage- Writers, have taken tlK Pains to dcfcribethe
MaUivet i fo that if we had not this Account of Pirarii^
we fhoubl fcarcc be abk: to fay any thing about them, the
Reafon of which is very eafiiy afllgned i for thefe Iflands
have no Mines, either of rich Metals or precious Stones -,
nor do they abound with Spices, or any other highly va^
lued Commodities i but it appears very dearly, that not-
withflanding the Want of thefe Advanuges, they are
much more popukxis, and enjoy, beyond comparifon,
more Liberty than thofi; People do who are richer, and
coniequently more efteemed. But as thefe Iflands lie
only in the Entrance of the Indits, it mufl appear requi-
fite to fiimifli fome Defcriptions of the principal Place;
mentioned in the foregoing Hillories, by fuch as have
vifited them in Pcrfon, and that too within fuch Peri-
ods of Time as may afford the greatcfl Lights to thofc Hillo-
ries \ from which Confidcration we have been led to make
Choice rather of Voyages than Travels, becaufi: the latter
belongs (triftly and properly to the fucceeding Volume, in
which the mod curious and bed edeemed to all Parts of
the India (hall be included : At prefent wc fliall give a
general Voyage to the India by a French Ofiker and
Commander in Chief, whofe Work has been always cf
teemed more accurate in its kind than any other written
by that Officer himfclf, who, like our Sir Francis Drdt,
was capable of performing every Office in his Ship, and
of whom his own Pilot declared, that he was at once the
mod fkilful and the mod careful Man in dut Profcflian,
with whom he was ever acquainted. His Knowledge,
however, was not bounded by his maritime Skill, but, on
the contrary, was every Way as correal in other neccirary
Branches of Science, fo that he was as capable uf writing
the Difcription, or Hidory of the Countries he vifited, as
of carrying his VefTcl to them.

I'hefe Ungular Properties, and the Confidcration that
we have not room for a Multitude of Voyages, led to the
Choice of this, wluch may fcrvc inflcad of many, and
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Chap.

II.

the KAST-INDIES.

which the original Publirtier, the cclcbrateil Mr. Thnttioi,
Jcclarril, he made piiblirk with no other View, than that
i[ rnittlit lervc as « MikIcI to his Coimtryincn, not in
Point of Science only, but f.\ Meih(Kl alii), cftccm-
ing the Author as roniiderablr in that Charadcr as in tlic
Qiiality of a Coinmandrr. Thi^ Ajiolony I thought m--
critary, that the Reader niit;ht not \wi\^U\ me of Harci.i-
|,tv, and in the (iicceedinK Scitions wi- f !l mit tli.it
r^i'nt farther out of nifiuitc, liy doing tlic hke Juftice to
Infitijb, Dutch, and the eminent S.a-OlHcen of other Na-
tions, who have not only betichr ' tliole they ferved, but
hivf hkcwilc tranihiitted 'I'elbmoiiic s ol their bkiil to
I'DiiiTity.
1 cannot dilhiilit this Subjcd without obfcrving, that it

is to be wilhed our own Countrymen wouKl be more care-
ful in this Particular, fiiice, as tlitrc arc not better Sea-
men, or better Ollkcrs in the World, it ii very h.inl their
great AAions fluiuKl not be coinnumicatcd to tho I'ublick,
with all the Advantages that may H dcrivjd from Method
and Language \ both whir'i might be ;u 'itiTa! with as littlo
Labour as is rcquifite to get over the DitEciiities in keep-
ing a Sea- Journal \ and therefore we may well hope, that
in an Age which dileovcrs greater Curiofity in regard to
thefc Subjcds, than has been lliewn in any otiicrj licntlc-
mcn will have that riij.ird to thtir own, and their Oifi-
cers Cluraaers, as not to kt tlkiu fuiia fur want of a
candid Ueprefentation. , , , - ' , ,

SECTION XXV.

TU Expedition of Commodore Rcaiilieii to the Eaft-Indies ; containing a curious and accu-
rate Defcription of the Sca-Coafts and Commerce \ as alfo Abundance of curious Ohfer-
vat ions on the Manners of the Feofyle^ the Nature of their Governments^ and the Means
of cftabUpytng Colonies amongfi them.

Written by M. BcauUcii hiiiilllf, ;uul publiflicd by M. Thcvcnot, in his large Collciffion of Voyages,

I. An htroduSfion to the A'eivrt^c, liith tin bi/hrinil /Irrount of its Author and his ffork. 2. Their Depar-
ture Oi^ob. the 2il 1619, iiiiii Oiiurrences in their l^oyage to Cape Verd, on the Coi?// of Africa. 3. Re-
niiiritiMe ylcciJiHts ttud Vroceediiigi ut Cape Sierra I^ioua, where they tciiched Jhr fiefrrjjjments. 4. Re-
imiika/'le Ohfervatimis in th'fe Sein, liith the Senfinients of the Author concerning tteiii. 5. A very cu-
rious and accurate Dffcrijiticn r//' Table-Bay, under the Cape c/' Good-Hope. 6. Avery candid ajtd cir-
cumftantial Account of the Hottentots, tinir Cufioms, &c. 7. An Account of (line remarhuMe Letters
found there, and tlie Author's Refolution on reading of them. 8. A Dtjcription r.f feveral remarkable
Animah, and other Curiofities met ici/h here. 9. yl very entertaining lielation of vchat pafed betvceen
Commodore Bcaulieii and the

Negroes in the Bay of S. Aiigiiftine, during his Stay there. 10. A farther
d of the Clofe of his Tranfa^ions with thofe People. \\, A fuccinSl Hijhry

Account of this Mailer^ anu .,, .... ^.,,. -, ...- ., .-j. -

of the Government, Language, Manners, &c. of this Negro Nation, i
Cotij! of Africa, and ohjervcs feveral notorious Errors in the Sea-Charts.
Defcription of the
Occurrences at tk

'The Author fails along the

... „.-,,, w- ,. - • n- A large and curious

Coinorro Iflands, and their Inhabitants, with his Reception there, i^. Remarkable
:• Ifland of Naiigafija, and fame Remarks on the AralM.m Shipping. 15. The Author
profecutes his Voyage for the Cape of Gimrdafu, and meets with a great Storm in his PaJ/iige. 16. An
fxail Defcription of this Coajl, and of the Di^cultirs met with in procuring Refr.f.inents.^ 17. Avery
lingular Method of obtaining fref: Water, which may be of great Ufe in Icig I'oyages. 18. An Account
'if the Country about Cape (iiiartlafii, and the Author's Rifoluticn to jleer direclly for the Coajt of Mala-
bar. 19. Their Arrival upon that Coaji, and their taking a Moorilli Ship richly laden. 20. They double
Cape Comorin, and obtain a Pilot, who ccndu^s them toTkow. 21. Tl.hir Arrival there, and the
h'ms they received of their I 'ice- Admiral, and other Tranfacfions. 22. A Lrge Relation of what pafj'ed
during their Stay in that Port, and of the Behaviour of the Inhabitants. 23. A Defcripticn cf the Coun-
try, Its Produil, and the Nature of the Commerce there, with other Obfirvati.Ks. 24. The Author's Ar-
rival at Aclicn, with a copious Defcription of that Country and its Cowmerce. 25. The Author's Audi-
ence cf the King of AcIkd, and of what pa'f/ed upon that Occaflon. 26. yl very curi:us and exaSt Ac-
count of the State cf that Country, the Character of its King and his Subjecis. 27. A farther Account
of cur Author' s Proceeding there, and of the many Difficulties he met with. 28. Okains a Licence to
tus Pepper, and \et finds it estreamh difficult to procure his Lading. 29. Our Aiitk r d tains a Letter from
•■ - . .■ . .... • . , „ ..,.., '^■' - •^■anJai:hons during

'eolutions uf Qucda, and of the Redutlion of that Kingdom by the Monarch of Achcn. 35. T/v Autjor s
Refiirn to that Country, and the Reaftionhe met with there the fecond Time. 36. A large Accciint of
what happened to the 'flee- Admiral, and of the Difficulties the French met with in edalhjhing a Trade ut
thefe Parts. 37. 'The Author prefents a rich Diamond to the King of Achcn, and obtains from him aL:-
e-nee to trade at Ticow. 3B. A Defcription of the Ifland of SumiUra, its Cliwate, Soil and 1 reduce,
'Mb ether Particulars. 39. The Iflands upon the Coafi of Sumatra, and their reJpenivePrcdiaJs toge-
ther with an Account of the different Kingdoms in Sumatra. 40. The Charrtler 0} the Peopir of Achcn,
tteirCcvernment, Cufioms, Uws, &c. as cbferved by the Author. 41. The military State of that Kr^-
'iom, and of the forces and Power of the Monarch then on the throne. 42. 'The hature of his naval tj-
Uiblijhments, and of the Means made ufe of by him to fupfiort them. 43. Of the Riches cj the King of^ A-

ihcn, his Houfes, 'Slaves, Revenues, and feveral MethJs of raifi.g Money. ^j,.Jhe ancient State of tbt
Kingdom rf Achcn to the Accejjion of the reigning Kings Grandfather. 45. The civil iiars v:ut oap-
NuMu'. XI. IX. ^^ f'"^'^

I;- }
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718 7he EXPKDITIOX of Comniof/ore \\v.\v\.\vx \\^^iy

ftntd from 0\i! T'lnif, rinJ /h tirf.tJful Cinft^fM^ftn-i altcmiin^ llvm. 46. Thr Mintier in -ulid' il,- (f.
Kin^ of Allien miittitfj ftv '1brnni\ ,i>i.l hit Ch,if,ul,-r. 47. T/f /luthr jaih for Kiiropt, mJ mtl
•witl ij pltiif,i»t VitjJ.i^f <ii ./.'/'• a the Ijhwd nf St. I IcIcim. 4S. // />/, nptim nf ttr I/Litij nf Aucnlmn
«;m/ a l,irll.',-r Atrunt rf tfv / ov</^'i- to fl'dr .irriwit ,tt St. Vii, cnt. 49. /tn ,x,u'i tHr,f>fr,, „, ,;,
ipnJ, ifi Clnhit.i, .S'-'/, PrcLf, H'l.l rthr V.Ktuubn. 50. O.titinu.itioii nf th Ff.ya^,- /, d^, ^^
tl'yr's /'.iff Arrival .;/ 11 ivrc ilc (Jrato, IXt. //v \jl i6j2. 51. Hmc Jjrlkr M>»i<ii''i\jCo„„„^j^^
IkMulicu, to the 'Time cj his Dcit\iji'.

tlirt

II II' tiillo'jvini; Vny.in;c wn tKit «>tily nnilcrlakfii,
Imt \Mittiii .tllo I'V one of the M\ OiVicrr^ thai
ever W.M in flif irttnh Sirrvux, nl whole Ch.»-
r.iair ami A.ivtimirfi wi- lli.»ll l.iy r.iMirwh.« m jirt-ltiif,
anil liipply tin tell at the tonclulii'D <.! the Simidii. .7m
//<///;» lie Be.iu!:m w.n i!t la-iuicil o» a i'.cukI I .itnily ut /<««(•«,
viiith Im4 lw«n .ilwayit ronlitlrrril as i,iu- ot tltc piiuipal
I'urts in /rjwir-. 1 II- aiiiliOtfil himlilt In Mil lin Youtli to
the S;a, ami liuilutl with (;rcat Appliiaimii all tht; Sd-
frees luctiVary to make him an aM<- Man in hit I'lulc-lllon,
anil morenJHfially l»po!;ra|iliy, Ailionmiy, aiu! Naviga-
tion.' Ill* lirin'X|>eilition w.n tothf Kiwr («'.««/ 1 J, on
the t'ooll ot .f/rtij, iiiuirr tin- Comm.uul ot t!io Cheva-
lier Je Bnf^ufuiHe ol Airm.in-'y in iMI. Tl.r Defipn
U|M>n whkS th'V went wj< to ereot .1 I <irf, «ml el!«l>tilh a
tuiony •, luit l.iihni; iinliukily a lutlc t. o late 111 the Vi .ir,
tlit-y loll tlie IhII Part ol tht 11 Men htoie they wire able-
fi) .iccomjjhnj ary ihiry, anil wen' tlunlore olilii;eil to re-
lurn Ilotne, n infcHa, after a vail I"x[Knce, tovtty linle
I'lirj-oli'.

In thii I'.xjKilition our Atithor cominamUd a Siuop, ami
t!io' he ^,ot iiotliin^; by the \'oya_-^e 111 Foirt ot I'roiit, yit
he iniptoviil liiinlill txneJinj^ly, aiui cltahlillicil a Jiifl
Ui'l'.^tation lur t'lnragi, Uiligir.c;- aiul Appliiation. A-
bo'.it th'j Year Kji' , the hretttb totnnil the lirtl Notion
of iraiiinp; to the Enjl-lidtti, an! roiin Menhants at P.i-
rii am! Kcutn a;;recii to lurnirti a joint Sti.<'k toi that I'ur-
pofe. Ihey littcil out two pnoil Ships, tiir Lominanil ot
the hirgrll rf whieh t!ie Title of dtnrral was pivrn to
Captain :if Sf.'i, vho at that i inie I rveil tin King m the
Marine. The Irfi r Ship was l)ellowe'l upon our Author,
who liaii no other UeioninKnilat.un than lii» Miiii. Ilic
N'oyj^c was in all retjieii. lortiiiutc, and well loiuludtcil,
thou^ij in the I ml it ilul not turn to any j;reat A. louiu ;
lor the 7^a/fi I'refiilent in tlu Jn.iui iiavinji; | uliliilieil m\
OrJer, rujijinnp, all the Suhjuis of the States (ieneral
tli.it were on Ilwr^l thole Sliips, to quit them inim; iliaf.ly ;
which fViTrtluy olxyei!; Tin lwoC'apfaln^t.)un^! ir thrre
liy <nit ot then Tower to biiifi; I lunv both the \'ellMv,
and then lore, tliat wliirh h.id i'een eommaniied hy Cap-
tain Hfiiviuu was luLi to 2 little I'rince ol the liand of
7<nvf, and all their |-.li'c<ls l)roii{;ht home on IJoaut th •
lari^tlli nonwrhllandini; ssh.ih .Mrlnriuiv, and the great
IxiK-ncc w:i!i wliiili thu I ndcrtaLint; was atteiuiei), they
ihaiu:'cd lij |ii'.i.lcntly, as to ma!;e a lavinp, Wty.ij^c.

It was hi^Can- and Pili^ente in iliii 1- xiHi'.iiii.n, that
recomm' ndcd him to that Coinmanil of whuii he hai writ-
ten the followiniT Aermint. 1 k- was exti mely ean hil in
the Choii'* ol his Men, that he mi'^h: not run the nlijue
cf tiiilin;^ il. ti.is as he hadd^'ne in his lornier N'oyage j
amd th.it J'oliinty might Ix- thi- Utter tur the i'a'iis he
ivas obi.;;ed to tuki , he |;rovji!ei!, Iicforc he lelt /r./«.y,
all the neicilary Inllruiiems of Nari^ition in the hightli:
D.-gret of Perhction, and conllantly oljlervcd the \'a)ia-
<ion of the Need!-- every MorruDg and Kvenir.g, on four
t)r r.ve iliUneiit Lumi-alics, tliat he mipjit be th- lels lia-
ble to Miihkes. At his return I lomi , lu- not oidy tran-
fcrihrd his Sfa-Jcuni^I, which is llill pr^l!•rv(d, hut eom-

t Kite I likewil'e ihc folli-.vint', 1 liUoiy ol the Vityar;'' from
11'. l'ai>er-., svitli a l)eru;n to luvi- eommittnl t'leiii to the
Prcis, bi.t by lujiic unloretecn Accidents, und by his pre-
liutUK JXaih, <j1 whkh more llull U- laid h-ro.ilter, tliK
»a> pK vented, and diet I'aj.ers remained lor twenty Veais
alcervvards in tyrivatv lJu;ids, till lueh Time as th' famous
M. iM ..l}ZiJ!,l- iU ihiicuct tormed his iioli'c iJe-lign of"
piibh!liiii^ a t unouj C olkelion of t!ic Ix-ll Voyages, when
tliefe Mr.-noirs were put into liis Hands by Wlh/u, to
wli.jiii tlK7 haj b;:en tonti'.lc I by the Uclaiioni ot Uk
Author.

Ihaf grrtit Mm wi« i luimied wuh tUr IVrlenr, and ro
Woiuhr, fiiue he ti rioutly prolellrn it ai i^md t'l himji
pertriH a iVrfoimance a» ever tame to Inn Notire, „,,,
withllamlinn the Multitude ot I'oriir^u. it, J:n,l,jl ,„,|
I)iitil< Memoir* that he had (Kcafinn to ttr, whilceniiijo .
ed in making th.it luiioiii and i\ illmt tnlktion. I '.'
principal Ktalon ol his valuin>; it to muili, \va. the h/'U
Lharaitcr the Author h.ul born in I'oint of IiitcTity",
well as Al'ihtiesi lo that as he relalnl every Il^ln^ nut
w.u Worth reLitinp in the Courle of his lniii;'|'xj)uiiti,,n
all he It Lues may le vtry lafi ly dri">'!i'd iiihh-, as j'c!
WQ exactly agreeable to 1 luth, and to the l.ighis whii!i
he rixcived. One may tatily atliim, that the Wurk ai\
rarries alonp, with it enmifrh to jiitlify all that lus I,: |
laid in iti favour, lime there arc to many viilblr Mi-l.,
of tl,,- Writer's Siiueiiiy, in thole Tallai^cs which regj .1
h:'. <iwn C'ondui't, th.it the m.ill fiiiipulijiis Criiick n. it
be oliliycd to contel*, there is not the leall ( iroiiml to 1, 1'.
It*. :t he couki entertain any Dt fij^n of impnlirs; ,;^ ]■^l^
Ki a 'er. I he V'arii ly "f I' vt nts, the t urn i:> iviai' tw ■.,
the ,ull and weighty Remaiks with which it aUium!*, tut-
litiihily tnhaiite the Value ot thr. I'l rforuiame, w!,icfi,
tlu r. tore, wc h.ive Kivm the Kt.uler in lib own Wen:-,
aiid mull at the tame I inu own, th.it it wt ,:l,l Ic v.im-
tV Talk to ina'.e t hon f ot better, fiu:. his Siu' is exact-
ly luit d to his Sutiji/t i and h- rrlatri iv-rv thinf wjrfj
l<» niu. h Mfnlefty ami Fr< t ilfini, that ic is hard tu detu-
mine whether his M.moirs are more inliiu'tivc or entcr-
uinirf^.

z. I failed Oiici>. j, Kiig, from Uonfif.ir Road witfi
thrioShijsi the ,l/f'///;;.3r<;;..vot .{50 I'un-, ciiryiiif; ii;*
NUn, li Ciiuis, and .'o I'adereriKS, the I'cpt, ot 401
■fun , n; Men, ih (iuns, ami :o I'adtraoes, anil tlie
llermii»gt\ an AeviteHoat, of 7-; Tuns, 30 Men, ^
(nJie, and S l'.iilerero< s, all victualled fur two Years aivl
ai h.ill. The feventeenth we came in Sipjit of M.:^:-
r.r, and .it NM;ht its wellern I'oiiit lay .lUmt 7 l.t.ii;i. j
o'f to th • S. !•.. ami a quarter l.ill. The itth we Ito 1
S luth With the Wind at lull, ixptctm^ by th.it Courle t )
liclciy the liUnd of J'alma. Muicra lies very hn;h, Li.:
the Weather was, as it is commonly, lo h'S^y. dut vs
coiikl Icaue delcry it. The Commodcic's iihip txiiigiiu;)
loadcn, and (mbarralled wuh an unwaldy Kiiil.'.tr, t!u:
tv.o or three Men ei.iiid ftarce ii-.-iim*;!-, we rilolved tj
make the bell ot our Way to Ca; e Ti/J, in order to !;.iv;
a IV w oi'.e made, or to put the old one to rig'.t?, svluiH
was ( nr umbried with too iimrh NVo'i,!.

On the lirll of t^'oiemhrr we m.idc thrCoafl rtf .'frr:\
I ■ t'.scen the Kiver Sinr^cl and C'.ipe / >r..', which liess,-
ry li w, luniunj; N. !•.. and S. \V. and is w.ilheii by a
tan !y Sea. NtxtDay, aUji;t l.u'.ht in tlie Morning, v."
doubled Cape I trd, a. id co.illei! alon^; tlie Slioie, in urcu
to yet into Ru^jqtii Ktxid ; at which I'lace, in the Alti.'-
iiiK/n, sve faw three ] roich Ships at .Anilior, anJ. a t.'iu'.l
Hark, svhiili h.ul C.iptain D'.:i'fi\ l''.qi.'ip.u',e on IVurJ,
and lay off ol that I'kice waitin;; lor him. In tli' I'.veu-
in;; I t .itt .Anchor sviihin a Cinnoii Shot ol the il;ree Sltij -,
for th< Wiml being contrary, I ctnild not luiiie up w,:.'i
them, and the rainy Scatbn in that Country was Iciai
over.

The lifiecnth, liavinj', rclolvcd to fend the Adviic-Ik)at lu
the Idol Illands, to buy up I'lovifions, I furnilhed it wii'i
K,ilU!e and Knives, which were projur Coninujditics tor
that I'lace, and n intoned its Complement with Captain
.S\v,ra;u! fix Soldieis, ordt ring Captain A' /'i/, who ttnii-
m'anded the Pinnace, not to treat with the Natives with-
out Hoftaf^es, and withal, not to flay there alK)vc threu-
Days at moll, but to come with all iwllible I .xiicdition tj
tejoin us at la^iin. When flic [urted from us, wc were m

Chap II.

tu the i: AST- 1 N I) I KS.

7'9

,e lud but l.ulc W n.d. and the I kI. » ruu 4,„na us W. thr ( .,,„.„, a.ul ,|„ wlu.lc Crrw ,1 a .V/. ,V„/«', IJaT: ilu.

Ills Milhr w.»^ lorry ludi .i tluh^'. (h.mkl \^.\<^^\^^•\^ lu.ir hi»

N. NV.

,rii ol tliulf IiIuikIs all'wrds \Vai<i, ami livci.il .Sort* ot
|tui» Jfid I'owlsk liiit Us Inlialhiant^ who arc vtiy rui-
,r:riius, arc not to \k dealt with witlioiit I Inllaj',' s. 'Ihe
lijTa Idol alVi.rils iiki wilr W.iti r : B< liihs thrlo two, there
an other lnull- r Illaiuls, wim li .w.- lo iiu oiiCuleialile, that
(hfy arc not ilillingiiillinl l.y any Name, Th.. Namei.)f

wortli eii'ht or nine l.ivns a hiimlrul \V,i(..ht.

NVhen I (iill ||.,,i.l the New, I fulixilul iliat the /'sc-
lua^U'Zf, iiiulerll,i;ii!iii|; that my Uiu'.ilir ami many ol niy
Mvn Wiu admif, li.nl e'.iiliiw .1 th-j \Mra;;e to iniluec
me to leiij a I) taJuiurt out ot the l.aiul (ui.ird, ami la
Kive tliem an (J,n,(,itiii,iiy ot jH.llcllihj', thtinltlvs of tiiC

,ini; t^oare taken Ironi a Uivt to laile.l in tlu-(. ontiiicnt, RuJJer and WatVr-Lalk', th..t' v.,ic aiTioiv i but upon fc-
iV- Mouih ol whuh \\v% ojijxilite t<> tlieiii aluuit three .ir con I Tiiought., calliiia to mind the I iuiiuuir of \.\\<^i\riu-
l^n,rl,eat,ufi oft. 1 he Kmy of tins tountrv r.lukj up ;!'"2' in t!iat Country, and tlie V,', aknels of the iV. ;V/,;/»'»
ihat Kivirj thf Natives arc NiB.oes Klolaur , (;ieat Ship, I eoneiud-.l il> Auount not improi'aliie, and
lluiit.rs, ami !■ ifirs ot Ikphanf,. 'I iuy juvr i.-Com- uithal law tliac the llinht.ntr find Intelli(:; ace niiglit MUn
,„.Kc Willi the L'ontin. nt, .\w\ it is hard i) fcj-'t a,t;or.- up- tiie Ucpiit.ition uf the l'>\,icb in that Countr>', At lall,
,11 them, keaule iheirCiaO lies v.ry hiLili : I Inhevcthey liavinp rdolviij (,j lUul out a Da.iJimei.r, purliiant to the
lutolFtlKJ l-.iephants Teitli in ilu Uiver ol Li^rin. At Kinc's M.lT.i.^e, the Intcrputir, with hviral other Ne-
Ni^ht we lolJ .Sinlu ot tliole Illaii I',, whiJi .irt ihllant :■;
L ar;U''' tmm Cape Surra l.lciiti, or v'.;;t;«. N\xt D.iy
» law, aUiut a (Jiiartcr of a lx.i;ni(iit', fiveral Spouts,
nr (.iut* of Wind, whiriiiif; about upon the S-'a, anJ tore-
iiig up tlv Water with j'.reat Viol, nee, tw i ot whieh were
very tormiilabie. As I'ooii a. wr pireeivul tluMii, we tuil-
iJ j!! our Sails, lor tear ol any Milihut troin them.
J, We arrived i\'ovim/>ir the .'. f 1, at L'apc Sitrra J.iemt,

'I"
(;roes, olUrtil to ^o along with my Mtn to tho I'laee, lay-

inR, thi y wiuikl i;o any wh 're to have an Oppoiiunity of

killing l\rtwiii,z\ 'lo rarry on th;'. AtV.ur with more

Secuiity, 1 orJereil tlie lUidder to be brouylit aUurd, lor

tin Carpenter's Work b<ing then linillieit, there wanted

iiotlii^g but the Iron-work, which might be done en Board,

by ktun;', up a l'oi;^!;c in the Ship.

1 rtintomd the Land (luanl vith t-n Men, or.lLrirg

uicull .Xiuhor at Tagnn, w'l re k veial N^giots tomii-.g thtiii to plant llarrieades of Wairr-Cilks befor; t!ie pwiiei-
«:i ii'ard, gave ine to uiuKrlland, that tlure w.is an /•,«;'- pal Avi ruivs i,f tlie I'l.iee whire they lay, and to I'lini r nei-

th'rW'.lti' nor I'l.ick to tome lu.ir tlmn in th N'n'.ht-

I i Vellil al'out tour Ltaguts olT.it S'U'ana, the Kefideike
tithe King of r.igrin. On the .;:.tli 1 e.uileil rhe K'nid-r
to k tak'-n oil" the Strni-poll, anil iiaulei.1 alliore, wIk re
having [Hilled a llrong (iu.ird, aiul fortilied the I'laer wit.'i
k'.ul I rus, I let the C'arpenttrs to work. 1 laviny waikid
a ;;ttlc further into the Country, I tound it veiy pK.ifae.t.
At the Bottom of the Creek tliere was a Irnall IJrook of
Iwtctandtlcar Water, the Banks of wiiieh, towanls the Sea,
Wire dceked with great Qiiantiins ot Cition Tri'-s, Wil-
lows, and pretty thak WijexK. I likewifc touiul fomc
I'liins good for I'allure •, liut the Soil is notiiing but Stone,

time, and got l.iptain /'/./(■ to accompany iny Men in tiiC
I'.xpiJition, Aei(;ri.lint';ly, the next 1 'ay 1 luu up the
Kiver our SIcjop, with an .\>lo:tRm ot ten Mai to her
Complement, tug', ilur with Cijitain y'/7.*.s Dark manned
With his own Mei , an>l the //(/, s I. oiig-bo.it, with twenty
M n .-.iiil four I'ailirerois "H umier t'le l omm.md of
Monlieur M>iittitritr. Ihwviiinr th'j SiU, C.iptam IXttfl
of Dieppe anivi'.l m the Bay, i.n ! tokl me, iluu .u the Ilk
ot at. I'liHoi: lie 111' t a l),iub 'M\\^ ot f ur luiiuhid I'uns,
ni.iniuil with T)i:ib and J.i'yji'il, bound ior iJiiiilani, in

w Iron-coloured Uckk. 'I'luir I iia ;'. s are infinitely better onkr to conviy tliitlier tlie Xiwsof the Agnemer.t betwuii

iHin thole at Cape I iiJ. 1 he Natives, who are Nigroes, thofe two Natioi'.';, Ai 1 hue of tiie Clock in the i\lter-

" ....... .... ^^^^^^^^ ^^ j^j ,^,^,^^^^^. ,^^||.„^^l ^^.,[1, ti,,. Il,p^\ L,ong-boat,

ain, Captain /VA's I'aik, our I'inn.ice not being able ti)
iveep up With tliLir Oais, and reportid that lir hail b.in ten
or twtive Leagues up the Kiv r, wlurr, liiuling thr Isivi r
v,iy narrow ,\\\i.\ roi I-.;,', inloiiHii.h iIkil the li.irk (Iruik
feviral times, aiul h.ivr .. no Coiiimiirion tioni me to vei>
turc the Lois ot th. Hirk, lie returned back without ineet-
or their Viikls.

/ Nor^h- Latitude ; at'ter

wiitlhip lut^ horrible Imag' s relembling Devils, and liiiall
I '.iinpsiif Liack L'jrth in the I'oimdl .'^tig.irlhkiiits, whuh
I uiiiktftooii to k the Nell of Ants. To thil, tlicy olUr
fruits, the I leads of Monkii;, Baboons, aiuloiiier B.,ills.

They call tiie Llols (!r^ti.\ which Name I t.ike to be de-
rived Iroiii the 1 rcn^h , tor th' y commonly lalute one an-
tthcr in tiiefe Words, Tout, Uaut \ but when they lalute a
White, they cry 7m. As M -n, they are a much bttar ing any t'cr.Uji^u
lort of I'eople than the other Ntgroes, tliough they U gin

now to imrrove th< n Cunn iii'„ liy eonveifii ;.: with the our IXp.irture hian r.-;^'»/« the \\ eather was v.uious, loiiie-

4. Un the jill we w.ri- in j j
IXn.
times III

I'lopk- of kviial N.ition.s that touch thav. 'Ihe I'laie times llormy, anJ loiiutiuu- vuy lalm, as it uks to be in
wh'Te wc lay being the tliir.K rei k Irom Ciiie Siina Liona, thole Seas, ava\ we found our Uuiklir ir.ueli nwre lervice-
is very convenient for taking in Waiir, Wood, Citron.?, able than lefure. Jaukiiry ifl, iO.:o, at Sun-rifing wc

very
Orang's, and i Iim)|;s lor W atei-Call^-, wliiili are all to be
hail lor little or nothing. Theic we h.i.l VLiy good Rice
in Lxehange for eijual (^laiuitics ol Salt. It afi'oiJs no
I'krti, unkfs I'ullets which are vtry It arce, and has little
Actonimodatioii lor 1 lunting \ but all its Creeks arc well
llured with kveral torts of Filh.

Tile Cape lies in S' ol' Noiihl.atitudc, and tlic Needle
varies tiiire :" 45' Nortli-Lall. One ot our Trumiieters
tiat could not fwim was iiiilortunately drowned in a little
Kiver near this I'lace, which was iiim or t^n loot deep.

'lis prefuined he was dectiv.dby theextreamCkarnefsof I'.afl " On the ill of /■e.)/.<in' w _
I'le \V.iter, wiiich repic tented th'j Bottom ot the Kiver to wellerly and other vari.i!>!e Winds, iKiiigthen in 13' South
l>c nearer the Surface than it was, and that thereupon going l^tituile, ami the N'edle v.irying 1 , ' ,^) North-l'all. _
to wanihlmfelf, but not mci ting with the txpecleiiCirour.d, The ^d, being beeahiieil, 1 obkiveil at the Sun-ril,ng
was to frightenevl with tlv- .s'urpn/e, th.it lie neglected th.it the Needle was 1 r N- 1'- '. whuvas at my latl Obkr-
tAingliold of the Banks ol the River, which was not above vation, when I w.»s ahiioll a D.gru' taiilur from the an-
tn foot broad. Dicaiikr tlu ;d twj Nigvois c.une on t.iielkk I'ole, it w.is i.r J"'i lb tliat iiille.ul ot iiicrealmg it
U'.iid, one of whom was armed with a Bow, Ariows, d.eriafed, upon wlikh I conciuded its \ ari.uion to be irre-
iittuid, and Knife ; tiie oilui, who was the IiueriMetir, told gul.u-, and that it is not hxed on two Miridians euttmgtn;;
iiH', that he wirj boru tli<. .\rius was knt by the King to World in four raits,.istlieiV//'^«."Vaiidotlieu im.igmtd.

Duiir.g

found the Nccilie j" ,p N. rth-L.ul, and the Latitude ^ ■,
North. The (Jth we crolkd the LquinoCtial Line, and
celebrated the ukial Cullom of tlu-owing Sea- Water iipen
thok who had tKVer pallid it. From the third of t'is
Muiith we iiad tlie Wind ;:t Souih-l'.all aiul Suutii-.S.ji;i' -
Lall, and lailed dole to the \\'ind, in ord.r to ra;!j :i.e
South I'ole, purfuant to the common Courle of Navig.i-
tion. 'J"he .;4tli we were umiit the I'ropick of Ca['ricorii,
and the Needle varied i.^" to the \()it!i-l'..ill lioiii our
l)aliing the Line 1 we had the Wir.d at fall and LailSoutr,-
'k- ill of I\:' rimry w began to have tie

i f

'il

Mi- M.j^lv'

720 7'hc E X P EDITIO Nof Commodore B f a u r, i r. u Book I

*.,.■

i 1

■ ■■■'I'.

During tliis Calm w;f f.iw two i>rrat I'ifh with Inni^ Snouts,
or Beaks whirh licmcil to licot tli.it I'ort that .ire known to
picKP hnf<\ Ship«. I rould liaric liavr cieilit' d the Story
il then- pciifirafK'g ihtouj;!! SIujh, it' the Ciovrrnor ot
Diepte liavi rot Ihtwril nir a I'lcic of the llcik or 1 lorn "t
fiich a Filli tounil in the Side ol a /V/^/i-Slii]', wlirn it vv .^
laii! up to be caiilkci! atK-r an Eeji In.ia \'(\yap,e •, t>.c
Cai'tain of wiiitli had linim! ronutliinp; 1'nki- af^air.l! his
Sr,,j\ as lu' IJiled trom thi Coall ot Hrrfd to the C.;/.-,
hm d;d n>.t kivnv \\h..t it wa.s till tliat Dili i;vc.ry hai')HiKil.
'll'.is Pirn ( : 111 :n rMen.bleil tin- Troth ot a Sial luik',
cr.ly i( w.is Ihait all alimp, and ot the Colour ot Ivory, lis
'I'hiikiui^ was an Inch and liali Piamiter. It liad run live
lixhc! ir.to the Wi.o.', and was hroke oil", where the l.i-
ipiftioincd the\Vo<x!,proK«!ily l>y ihe Unipplin;; (il'thc Ii(h,
whieh ctjuld not r( cover ii witho'ii hrt-ikinji. Si'vcral l\r-
loiis have iiK t with the like Advintiire in thiir Voy.ijv >• :
Hilt I lliall only muition t>ne mere <.l a ZJ.''//~i- C.ijMin,
who i'iH)n a \ iiy.i;;e to mole I'arf. h.ul his Meat liavtil to
I'iries I'v a Blow tiom one C't tluli- Killus ; tor tl'.i- I ilh cn-
deavtnirinu to witiulraw it<; Horn, iljstointed all tin I'lanks.
1 hole which I law on this Onafion In nu\' t > be ot the
rnMllcIl fort, one ofilitni tliat rame jiiil i;ni'>.r rr.e ap-
[v.iml to Ix- 1. 11 I-"i>i)t loi'j^, hehdis its Be.ik. It was a
tielTiy I'llli. tlioiii;li iif't Ii) hv^ jTo;v,rtion.iMy to I's 1 cn;;t!i
as a I'orpoil'e. Its OlcAir was a dark lilue, ami it* I'ms
and Tail, wliiih wcie very lar^e, rriTeitntid .'. bright
A/.iirc i'l the Sea. It had a pretty hij^h l.iimpiijHin its
B.kk, rdi iiililirp; ih.if of a Rfdiicn, or /'.•..',■..'> .SeaCdt,
which lomttimts nlis aly)Vc Watir. Frs I Kit was r.ot
unlike a I'orpuilf, only it wa'. lonj^er, r.;-.-l inltead (y1 a
.Snout iiavl this I lorn, or Bill, whieh wa<, viry Ibarp at the
I'oiiit, and slni<l\ two I-'oot ioni^, and as tliitk as a Bevy's
Willi. It is a very IlitVand Iwilt I'lfli. t ;r 1 i\wc Itin it
fy :!t Bonitoes, wuh whitit it wages cor.umiai \N ar. I
have cj!ten ol>lrived Bonitots and Albaioits Wfunded Ly
f.S;-. I'ort ol I ilh, and the .Sea tinctured with \\y: B'f ud. I
am rrrf.un there arc Ibme ot this I'ort inuih '.'rearer t!un
thofi I law rhis Day. whuh att-uk thf Wlu!. , and pro-
1 .il)ly 'lis their millaking a Ship lor a Wli.ilc that iKcalions
thtir cniountrnnj; with a Ship. However, I dwil t not
but a great Ship may be tndanr;ereti by the Ij lutini; and
gaflu! y o! its I'lanks ocealioned by tins b'ifli cndcavourin[5
tu'wit'i iraw Us Horn alter it h.is llrikk.

\V!iilc the Calm a;id the cxctlliVe Meat cpntimied,
W" 1.1 w a ecTtain white thm^', aNjiit the Bif^ml-. ot
an Ollnch-l-i!g floating u^v n the Water, which lunk
when tlic Ship came Witiun fifty i:r lixty I'ar(S of
it ; cur Pinnace's t'rtw la.d they law a preat many ot
thein. It rel'cniblu.i a Man's lli.ul without I l.i;r, anil
loine lay tlity obkived two iilaek byes and a Mouth up-
on it : We likewitc law a lUar^^- lurt ot billi, al out as
larg*- as an ordinary I.jm|.rey, and ccjiully round, with a
lar^c bin or C'lelV, which leemcd to be above a foot lii^h
ovrr iti Hiad, and floixfd in a Continued Series t!own to
Its Tail. It l•.^ims uiKin one Side, lo that the bin, toge-
ther with the Bi dy, reprelents a l.irgc 1 ilh in a triangular
I'otm, and it makes its Way l.y lliitting trom one Side to
the other , Init when it catihis its Prey, the i in is llraight,
a.,d ap[<ars a!M,vc the W afr to be ol an afhy Colour,
though the B^AJy of tb.c Filh is as wiiitt and as lound as a
Tallow-ratuilf.

5. On the 'I'l :nh we were in ^1' 4 ■' S. l.at. the Nee-
ilie varying \i' iJ N. b".. t.'.i Twentieth our 1-it. wa.s
2.V", and the Variation (/ ;o. Here we law a gr< at deal
of Wreck, or Sragrals, ol a inMilh Colour, which fome
lay comes from the irijtan de /tcwia-I/hnJi. 'Hie next
Day ih(ri- lup|)cned a violent Stoini, the Wind at Wilf,
which f'.id almcfi brivke down our Math, our Top-mall-
Sails hi 11 (5 thin oyt. Such Storms are loinmon, and
very vii.kii 111 thole .Sta^ in Wiiurr ; but it was then Sum-
nirr tlicre, ani' the Aiiiunni w.si jull apptoithing. On the
itii ol Alarih our 1 jt. was 54", and the Variati(in no
more than 2 ', which I took for a certain Sign that we
were not alxivi. levcnty or I'cvcnty-lix leagues oil' of the
Caft cf GjudUoit.

\\i- iitliwc taw Trambs, or Seaweeds, about three
or lour i ailioms loi,^, Cormorants, Sea-Bears, and the
1 owJi calkd by tl»c l\rtu^ucz( Akatras, wiiicii arc white

all over, only the 'I'lps of their Wings arc black -, and ill
theic were certain Signs of our appro.ichiiig to the I in',t
We iikewile law innumerable Sho.iU ot r,,n,(iii;.s ,ni''
great many Whale. 1 towards Night we di|,ov;n' I I •>,, 1
found the common Navigation to Ik- very jul! bcjn^
til. n in j^'' 1 -it. which is overag.unll tin- Bay of' (/.V/!
i/,;;;;«,i. We relolved to Ih-cr our Court'c to the f,ii:,'.B,n'
whii h lay from us about twenty I cagiu s S. !■'.. a Oiurt.r 's'
in order to take in l-'refli water ; but the W md b"^ps;r ...'
trary, that is, S and the Tides being N. N". \\\ ^c lUj n,)[
ainvi- at the TMe-H^iy till the i -th m Nifjit, it which Tm,^.
we call Anchor there, having loll only one L(i)v in th." Voy-
age. Tlic next n.iy I lent liky Men on Shot'- with S.ii;j
to make Tents ot ■, when the Boat returned, tli. v toK! in'
they h.id lound lirvera! Corpl'e ot ilnd Men a:ul ('!>Mthi
Icattered up and down, and a I'mall lortitication oi K.irth
whiih wi- guefl'ed to be built by the D.ius, lot enc o( the
Natives that fpokc a tint of Jargon of bn-km Av.yt.i-ave
us to underlland, though more by his Signs tlian his i a;;-
guag -, that live Ships had failed trum tlr.iue to the b.ili.
wan I about three Months before.

The Kjth it contnv.K-d to be very llormy, uiih a N'orti'i-
I-'all Wind. .Some Muliinetteers, whom we lu.l lint m
(J^i'Jl ot a .SoldiiT wli ) had llr.ir,gk-.! Ironi w, rejiortcd,
ihit they bad palfed along the South-Side ot an liil.inj
Mourt.un, joining to the •I\d>!t Mountain, where tluy
Wv.'i an Iniinity of very large Baboons and Slunkic ■, .hkI
from thence continued their Courle aio:;; the deciinnc
Parr of the Mountains tliat txiund the Witb-rnShore, \A\
till; dclciied the Sea about h.ilta L.e.igue olf, vhiih 1 t.\,k
to N anoth'-r Bay b;twet n this .md t!ie C'/r cf G'.j.l-lio,";,
th;it then th' y turned back, and when ility w';re Ujxiii t.'i:
Mount.iins, dell lied the Seatotlie .Southw.ird.whiihnuill ej
that to the Ivillward of the (.JfC cj (!j:J U-p;, Jluit tiicy

had a plain View of other Mountains, betwi-.n which anj
th'-fe th'.y were upon, there lay an o[vn I'l.iin .ilxut t.n
or twelve l.<agues Iviad, the Soil of v\hi;h was very
g'HKt, and capibie of prodiuing Icveial bruits the I'ia.'i
t-.rminatiiig upon the Sea, wiiliout any Mouiiii.ns bctwi :i
C.ipt I-'nlfj and the Cipe cf Cr.oJ-lhpc. 'J'hat at the b'out
ot the Wrilern Mountains they met witli V.'o'.\!s and l.irp
Prccs, like Apjsle-trees which bore no Fruit, but wer."
very hard Wood ; and in the lame Pl.ice were very pl.tL.:!:
Pallures and fome Catt!,-, and excellent c!;.ir W.u.r.

This Report inljired mc with a Ciiriofiiy to fee t.'-.c
Country •, .iccordupgjy, the next Day, 1 walked out by the
Back of the 7'«Wc Mountain, and when i was got thrc:
Leagues into t!ie Country, oM'tived very good (iron:..'-,
fj'rinkle I with Urals and pk.ilant Iluwers, witii alhullK;-
vulrt c<f b'reth-watcr gl.ding along tlic Plain, an;i lolitv:;
iti: If in the Sea at the boot (f tlie Bay, at a Place whiie
tilde is no great Confluence ot Water, wh.ih wc c.i!l
the River. This Rivulet rifes 01, t of th. .Mountains thit
he between tiic I'oint of the Cajx- and this B.iy, and I'erv.'
lor Boundaries h> the Wclhrn-Sia. I Iikewile oMirvut
th.u this Rivulit makes fv^ral I'cns to the Noitiiwrv',
a'ong th; Dowius or B.inks ol ''and, t!;.it terminate t'..' B-v
and to that Place wh.ili we 1.1II th- River, wli-.f B.irl.s i:
titty or lixty Tun may enter nt 1 ligh water 1 riturnci!
along the Nlountain, and, at the Footot the ^Jv.c Moun-
tain to t!ie Soutlrsird, met with a great m.iny Trees, fon;c
<d whi' liallord P:.i".ks a b'ootbroa i,and ci^hi-en or twenty
Foot lo'.g, their '1 lunks Ix-iiig llr.iight hke th.u ft a I'e.ir-
tree, their I/Mv.-s whitiili and fnail ; th.ir Baik about two
Inehc; [luck and reildilli i the lb art ot tliu Wood white
and hard, and t.he whole 1 ree fuilol Sap.

I hkewileo! Icrved I lirbs of the fame Natur-; with thofe
in our C<Aintry, Inch as Sorrel, Fern, Orooni, oc. V^m
tin Mountain I fiw Cr.p:- l\:l :, and the S.a tint w.i!lici
the Fall lidr of the Cape, which toriir. a Usv Bay as lar.is
the Cape, where a gieat many Rocks llioot utit into t!;c
Sea, ih.it mutt needs be- daii;;erous to SIiips ^^>'^ a S-nith-
em Wind. I'jxjn the Side oi the Mount.iins ot dp! / ■ .yj
there luiis either a gtcat RiVeC, or an Arm of the Sea, th.it
flioals very far up ; rM\ I obleived the like upon the bi-
bind Side ol till- Mountains \\\ki\\ 'lie dr e cf Go^d-U'::/-
Upon all ihcfe M(;ui. tains there are gnat t^i.iiilities ot
(joats, b.illi)w-di-erasl,)ig asll.iris Paninlg- s, and allSoif.
ol lowl , baboons, Moiikici, Lions, white Wcivcs, I cxr:,

IVi-

Chap.

II.

to the EAST-INDIES.

Porcupines, Oftriclies, and other Animals, unknown to
nic. In this Day's Journi-y 1 law one of the Natives,
they having retired for fear of us.

6. 1 hoff who lived towards the Point of the Cape, are
,hc inoft milcrable Savages yet dif.ovi-red, for they nei-
ther fow nor cultivate the Ground i neither do they lilh,
or venture themfelves two Steps into the Sea. '1 hey are
ot a very low Stature, cfpecially their Women, and arc
jj nicagrc that they always look as if they were dying for
Hunger. Their common I-'ood is lonie wjute Roots,
about tiie Bignefs of Chefiuits, whicli iuive a Stalk like a
Uck, only a little narrower, and not indented, that bear
i white Flower. If they fuul any Cockle-tilh,or Whales, or
jn)- other dcid Filh upon the Shor-, tlio' never fo much
rut: ifial, they throw them upcjna Fia, and then feed hear-
Illy upon them ; nay, when the very Skins, Heads, and
tiurails of the Sea-lkars and Penguins, which our Men
tiJ ui«n, were thrown out of the Tents, and had lain for
Icvin or eight Days, till their Stench obliged our Men to
remove their Tents, and feared the Wolves and other
Wild- Beads from touching them : Even then, 1 fay, the
Savages would take them up, and after having put them
liiiikr the Alhcs and fqucezed them between two Stones,
! Irom us reported, ■ v. ukl eat up every Bit of them.

' ^™ When they meet an European, the firft I hing they do

15, to Ihew their Stomach, which they throw into their
Body, fo tUt makes a I lollow, or gre.it Pit ujxin their
Briaft. They have Wars one with another, probably up-
on account of their Cattle, whi. h they do not eat, unit Is
thefc arc ready to die through I.eannelv, Age, or any other
Accident. 'I'hey cover their Piivities with Slieeps Ta.K, and
wiirtlie Skin of a Sheep, or fume other Aniin.il, over one
Shoulder, like a Scarf. The better fort liav-.- dried Tripe
about their Necks, upon which there lungs a little Kj.ife
ftujied like a Launce, in a Wooden- Iheath ; and this I t.ike
(obe the Inlhumcnt with which they cut olV one ot their
Ttllicles at ten or twelve Years of Age, that being a
CutUim among them, perhaps to quality tiienileivis tor
running, in whi.h Kxercifc they outdo all the Nations
that ever I law.

Some hang \ipon their Necks a Plate of Copper, as
tliin .Ts a Teiloon, and alx;ut a I land long, and tour or
t'ivc Iiichis broad ; others wear Bracelets, being I'ieies of
Cupper or lion, with a I iole in the Middle. Thole who
Item to have Ibme Command over the nil, have coni-
inonly a Stick in their Hands, with a Fox'.-^ Tail at the
l.iidof it. I could not perceive any K.hgion among
liicm. They marry indeci', and d.u.ce, and their com-
ir.cn Salutation to us is dancing to a Song, which, trom
i;;e lk[;mning to the F.nd, is nothing elle but llautttou.
Their Anns arc an AlVagay, with a weak Sort ot a How
ar.J a Qiiiver, which tiuy liide under lome IJullies when
t.iey come to our Tents. I'iiey are very apt to Ileal any
thing of Iron or Copper, but Liiinen cr Lloaths they do
i;ot covet.

They are Negroes, an 1 have fri/.zleil I l.iir, as well as
ihole in Guinta, but tlr.y wear no Ornament upon it.
They have no Cottages to live in that I could jK-rccive ;
but in the Night- 'Time they llu Iter themlelves, with their
Wives and Children, with Bullus, and have tome Skins,
llrached like an Umbrell.i, \.\\\n\ two Sticks laid a-crofs,
wiih one in the Middle to fallen it in the IJround, under
which they lie buried in the .Sand quite up to their lielly.
They ,ire altogether ignorant of Agriculture and the mak-
;gofCan<)osi wheiccs could they but tack lome Pieces
<'i \Vo<xl together to convey them to the Idands jiill by
thi' Continent, they would tind vail (^lantities of Pcn-
piins and Sea-Bears (which to them are moll delicious
looel; not only for their own Sullen.ince, but tor Sale
anwng their Neighbours.

This Tii^.V-LVy lies m ^V I. at. the Needle varying i"
4;'N. W. Its Air is very whole lome. Sometimes you
I'jy trsat here with the N.i'tive'. tor Iket and Mutton, but
!:iat is very uncertain. It is a lecure Road to anchor in,
■ed hasalxjut fix or ei^;lit I'atliom W.iter : There is more
ka;!i and Wind in the B.iy than alliore, tor the high
Mi>',int.iins Hop the Clouds and \apoiiis, winch being dri-
^-:i by the Wind, break and tail down in Hurricanes upon
N e M u. 4().

721

the Bay. The Height 0^ t\vrailc-Mtiuntaitt,hom the Sea-
Side to the Top, is i;?5o Foot perpendicular.

7. Some of our Men going alhore, happened to licrht
upon a great Stone, with two little Packs of pitched Can-
vas, underneath whieh we afterwards tound Ibnie Dutch
L(-ttei3. When we opened them, we found, llrll, a Piece
of pitched Canvas, then a Plate of L( ad wrapped round
the Packet, under that two Pieces of frelh Cloth, then a
Piece of red Prize, all wrapped round a Bag of coarfe
Linncn, in which were the Letters very late and diy.
They contained an Account of feveral Ships that had
pafTed by that W.iy, particularly of an Englijh Advic.--
Boat that was gone to England to acquaint the Company
with the Injuries the D«/(A had done them in the £^y/-
Indies. They alfo gave Notice to all Ships that pafled
that Way, to take care of the Natives who had murdered
leveral of their Crew, and flole Ibme of their Water-cafks.
Farther, they contained Advice that the Dulcb had be-
fieged Bantam with thirty-hvc Ships, and t'at the En-
glijb were forced to abandon it for want of Provif ins ;
that the King of Bantam and the Dutch committed leve-
ral Ae^s ot 1 loflilities, and many other I'hings too long
to be inferted.

Having read this Letter, I was at a Lofs wh-thcr I
fliould go to Bantam or nor, for 1 readily inugimd that
Bantam being blocked up by the Dutch, they would not
luller us to enter, and tar Ici; to tra.fick ther •, Pnce they
always endeavoured there to keep the T'laile (,iii of nut
1 lands : Bcri.'cs, 1 was apprt heidive they miuht carry the
Place, in regard tliat I'rince Matarari, who cahcd h,ii f.lf
F.niperor ot ai: "jr.va, and a.... -jrrs, tliat the 'wng lA Ran-
lam rcvoltC'.! hom liim, wouitt veatiily join with the Dutch
in r'-ducirgii-3 Rcixl .^'..r.g. Upon thel'e Coniuicrations
1 relbivid to lleer my CouT'e to tlir Coall of : cmmrul,
to put off lome Goo ist!'.;t wtre proper for that Coal!, and
buy up otiiers tha. Ii'mli be l,iliaL,le at yichr>i, and up >n
the (.oails ot Sum.-'r.. and /..;.; ; ar.J, a ffr.iil, to take in
at 'Java a Ship'-, l.oa.ing v\' Pti , r ; after which, if t';e
S,cge continued, to i MVctlirre 1 .'aft iry with the Pinnace to
trade up and down tlu Coall ; bur, if' the Siege was niifed,
1 deligred not to little any l-'a :tory at .I'ctoi, but to lend
one of ihe Siiips b.u k to Iraiuc, and the other, tngr t! er
with the Pinnuce to Baniain, where we might gtrt two or
thre hun.iie.i p(.y C<ni. uih)!i the Coall-goods, and th. re to
load the Ship, and leave a Factory, together with the
l^innace.

in the mean time I called to mind tli.it the Direftors in-
tended I fliould go llrait to Baiit,im, and lend at lealt one
of their Ship' back to l-iwiw that Year, which I could not
do if I touched upon the CuaW oi CcrcwaiuL! : B fides, if
the Siege Ihoukl happen to be railed, I was apprehcniivc
the Company woukl blame me for not following their Or-
ders •, but even that Confide ration was counterpoiled by
this, that I could not at any rate fend b.ick one of their
Ships that Year, fince I could not reach the Coaft of Sunda
till /iuguft, nor get out from thence till Ocfober or Novem-
ber, by reat'on 01 contrary Winds, and upon that Score I
lliould be obliged to Ijjeiul the wlu)!e Year without doin"
any thing, :.n\ eat up all my Provifions, which in tha°
Country are Id iLaice, .hat the Eii;^.'i/h arc forced to fpread
themlelves al-ng the Lo.ill to be liipplied ; not to mention
that 1 fliould be expofed to tlie Dilcretioii of the Dutch,
who never meaned us well. Having maturely weii:5!ied all
thefe Confiderations, I alked Advice of the princi[)al De-
puties, Ibme of whieh laki tli.'y would fubmit to my Jtidg-
ment, and others told me, that fir.ce I h.td a po!:tive "Com-
milTion for Bantr.m, and lince JbVr.'rtw w.ts a I'licc of too
great Importance to the DuUh to be long at Variance with
the King, I had bell lleer my Coiirle thither. Thefe dif-
ferent Opinions put me upon another I'xpcdient of fending
the HopetoHantam, and giving iicr Captain, Mr. Crave, an
ample Commiflion.

H. O.". the 3d of jipril we weighed Anchor, and bcintr
becalmed, about two Leagues ott from the Bay, were dri-
ven by the great \N\ives conning from the South, and the
Tides running North upon a little llland, and call Anchor
within a League ot it in twenty Fathom Water, the Ground
being muddy S.md. The iile lay fiom us North one Quar-
b' \ tcr

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•22

The E XP E D 17 10 N of CommoJorc Beai i.iia Book 1

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S !k 111*' "'

*' I* r^

tir North I'".a(l, ami the Southerly Waves madf us loll
Urcxligioully, To that rvtry thing in the Ship cracked. This
Itland is almoft rouiul, and about a large I^caguc in Circiiin-
ference-, within it artbrds nothing but Sand, and Imuc
Bullies, under which the Penguins hatch their Eggs \ a
grtat many Rats and Adders live in it, as well as Ch.im.f-
Icons and Lizards. ll|v>n its Rocks, by the Sca-Side, wc
law a great many Sca-Biars, which bleat like Sheep, Ibme
of which arc very larRc, ant! Iiavc a Skin as thick as a
VVolt's, with very liilt 1 lair. Both tliefe and the IVnguins
talU- very rank ot Oil, nt which a gre.it Qiiantity might \x
taken from them it one were at the I'alns. They have two
Paws before, and two Fins Ix-hiiid ; iliey cannot Hay long
under Water without taking Air •, they live Ujon l-ilh, and
in the Nighttime retire to the Kotks.

The Pinguins arc Fowls without Wings, wliiih have
two Fins, and two broad Paws, ii|)oii which tlu y walk u[>-
right, and with whuh tluy dig the Ground to make their
Ncih. They art a little big[;er than a Cormorant, having
a white Belly, a black B.iek, a viry thick Head, and a
liill like a Kaveii. In the Mornini; tlicy repair to the Sea,
where they Iwini. and teed upon Fidi, and at Night they
return to their NelU j they have nothing ot the 'I'alh- ot
Flelh, and tor my Part 1 take C-xm to be leathered Filh.
While I was alhore there was I'licli a Storm from the South-
l-.i(l, that I OHild not rcuh the Slui's, but was forced to
flay uix..n the Ii'ar.d aii Night, iintwithftandinf; that it
was a prrfc-i'l Calm where the Ships rode; on the rth it
thuiuli led and lightened violently, and tlie next Pay the
Welkrly Wiiu'.b began to Iwell, iKlidcs that the I'og was
lo thuk, that we cuuld not l' e from one Paid of the Ship
to the other : l'iH)ii which, having given a Signal for the
other Ships to follow me, by the Sound ot rr.;inpcts anil
Drums, I returneii luuiulmg ail the way, and call Anchor in
Tavic hay. On the i 2i!i we weighed Anchor a^ain, and
all that i).iy but little Wind, and that very variable : I low-
ever, on tiie 14th wc doubled the Qapc of Gcod-Hope, and
tiiC 1 -,th were in ;(>" Ijtitude.

The Day following we had a viuknt Storm fiom the
North I-'.all a: tiiU Moon, which we toretaw the Night
iKtorc ; tor at Sun letting reddilli Rays alcended from the
Sun, and underneatli him was a Bank ot the ti»me Colour ;
towards the Wind there api)cartd, as it were, a Circle Irom
the Centre, of which there piixeedix! great Kays \ under the
Wind there appeared a great biai I^illi Cloud, ami in the
Middle ot It we law what the Fir!u;;urzf call the Ox's
I'.ye, which is generally taken notue ol a^ the forerunner
ot a great Sioini. Wlun t:ie Mw('n came low, the Sea
fwelled mightily, and the Storm was indee.l very great, not-
withftandmg that the Air was lo char, that in the Night-
time wc law the rifingand Itttin}', ol the Stars. Th.e Storm
parted me trom the other two Slups tiil the J7th, that the
Wind abated, and became l(>utlicily •, alter which I per-
ceived our two Siiips al)out a League Ixlore, and liuind,
to my great Aiimiration, that none of them had I'ullained
any Harm : However, this wonderful Deliverance made
me rtlulve not to part with the llopr, but to go all in
Company to Hiintiim, puiluant to my Orders 1 aciordingly
I dropjK-d all my totmer Projects, ami failed F.all and
South- F-ill directly tor B.minm -, but on the i 2th of ylfri/,
in jfj" Latituiie, and 12 North- Well Variation ot the
Needle, a violent Storm overtook us, and not only broke
my B')W Iprir, l>ut daniaged the Pinn.ice's Mart -, upon
which I was obliged to take op my former Kefolution ot
lending Captain (jr.ivf with the Jlopf, llrait to Bantam,
defigning to carry my own Ship and the Pinnace to ALida-
gafcar, m order to have them letittdl.

9. On the ill ot Miy I p.irr.d. with the /Jcp( in 57* 30'
South latitude, and iS l/ongi:ude, reckoning the Cape
of <jooii-II',pe tor the Meridian The 171I. in the Morn-
jiig wr dell lied liltai alxHit ten I /-agues oli", which is 3
runriinj; Coali that apjieais very high, and that Night had
S:ght (/I Juguftine\ Hay.

The 17th wc were opj-olitc to the two little Illands of
Sum!, which he alxnit three Leagues trom the Bay, which
)i.iviiig no Trees ui<»n them, he very low •, but in the
Night-'Iiine the contraiy Wiiuls earned us Well-North-
\\ ell, when f. I, ding none, .iiid not iieing able to make the
B-;, i nloUi.il I'.. Itaud toi ihc Iflandjot Ccmorro. Duiiiig

the liglit Qiiarter of tiie Moon, m thdl- Seas the Surf
IS very plain and Imooth, and the Air verv cicir Wki '

the River: Ujxjn our Approach to the Shnir wrnblnvH
nine or ten ot the Nativis uixin a Point r.t .s,i;,j who ni '
a Signal to come to them : Upon this wc went alhon- all
though we were armed, they joined and talked with 1
above an Hour, ligni'ying by their language a.id Si",.
that they were very wed pleafld with us, m,\ would v^Ijl
us next Day on Board. They were very riiri„i,s in obfcrv
ing what 1 hings we had alxnit us, and one of tlimi who
teemed to be a leading Man, fpying a Silver Whilllc with
a Chain to it that my Mate had alxnit him, hcfcrd it vav
carneflly. I ordered the Mate to fh.w it him, tli(ni»h I wa'
forry tor the Dilcovery, for tear tliry flioiilj inllil upon

.h.ivingthat, and nooiher Commodity, 111 Kxchangr for thrirj
and tor that Realon h.id cairioned all our Men to hide
them. 1 liAvever, they all liked it mightily, and the chief
Man among them proiniled to give tor it an ()\-, whiih
miglit be worth twentyCrowns.it leal: : I 'pon whicli J niadf
him undeilland that we could not fell it, btciuk- we had
Lie for it ; but it any ot them wiaiKI conic ahoard, 1 woiilj
Ihew them things that they would like as well.

Without farther DiIkk r.::; m, this principal Man ami
three others err.barkeil with us deliring that lij niar.v ut i.;ir
Men might be left -Ihore, wh;ch I agreed ti. In tin m an
time, at one Call ol a Sean, we drew uj) an iiihnitc Nuiiiba
ot little Filh, refemblinp I ler;ings both in Form and lalle;
but i could not make any material Remarks upun the kivcr
only that it was very [ireat, and very rapid. The Natives
ot this Place are the handlometl Negri es tli.it evt'r I law
they are large, and well Diajxrd, they teed well, and arj
neither ll.nt noled, nor thick lipped, neither do thy Itink
'ike i!ie (.uitua Negroes. 'I'hey ate very ciirioui ;'n tlicir
Hair, which is lon^;, tri//.lcd, railed u|)v\.iids, ami iii.ije
up 111 Wre.iths at the I op. Their Teeth are very white,
even, and liiiall, and they rub them every Minute with
a fmall Piece ot Wood ; tlu ir Garment is a Cotton Clei'i
all woviii, of two or ihiee Colours, with whidi tiRyiovcr
their Privities, the lell of their Body being naked. As lur
their Ornaments, he whom we took to Ix; the chief Man,
had a larg'- Plate, like a Piece of Bone or Ivory, iierfectiy
white u[Xjn his Forehead, a lar<^e Ring of Copper at his
Fjrs, alxiut his Neck a Collar of Rallade, hefulrs Glals
Be.»ds of Icveral Colours, and a Necklace of line yellow
Amlur, which he elleenieii very much; the rell had Orn.i-
mmts correfponding to all hr., excepting tlic Trinkets m
his F'oichead. As loon as we came on Board ol the Ship the
Natives were lurpri/.ed at its Si.'.e, and mightily taken v.uh
the Sound of the l'nim[X'ts and Drums: I pielented tliein
with tome en.imelled Kings, and others ol Pearl and fallc
Amber, and entertained them with Dil'courle till SiipjKr
was ready.

But in the mean time they were fei/ed with the Sea-
Sickncfs, inlomuch that fh-y would needs go u|iuii
Deck, and lie upon a S.iil. One ot them wlm was
not lo fick as the rctl, did nothing but jeer hi. Com-
panions all Night, and imirated every Word that the Men
u[X)n the Watch laid to one another. In a word, thelearc
very jolly Negroes, am! have notliing in thirn t!ut isbni-
tifh 1 they readily apprehend what is laid to them, .md m
my Opinion arc nuuh prderable to all other Nej^rws.
Next Morning, by Break ot Day, I svent to look lur my
Guefts, and founil them \.i\Mn\ ilieir Legs, and iniieli bettti
than before : 'I'heii I lliewi ,1 them leveial linle things 1
thought they would like, fuch as Coial, yellow Ainlxrciit
fine, Raflades of all Colowis tliey liked the blue, led ami
green, but not the whiti ) Ki.ives, Razors, Combs, Iroi ,
'Jill Vellels, a Copper Ualoii, and red Cloth, as well as
Cloth of other Culouri 1 hey teemed to like every thiiif:,
and deliied the Gilt ol them.

But when 1 Ijxike of their Bc-eves, they always came back
to the Silver Whittle and tli^ Ch.nn. binding I cuuld make
nothing of them, I lent thnu alhore again, as well as lojne
ol our Men, with fevcrJ ot the above-incntioiicd Goods,

Chap.

IF.

the EAST-INDIES.

to try wlnt they could do with the other Natives. One of
the Natives offered a fat large Ox, witlj Bunches upon his
Shoulders (like to thofe on Camels Backs) in Exchange for
a Copper Uafon \ but he that bore the Trinket on his
I'orchcad fjKjkc to him, upon wliich he gave back the Ba-
Ibn, and alked for a Silver Whiftlc with a Chain to it. In
tint, 1 found they refolyed not to truck with me for any
thing clfc but Silver Chains. The next Day, hearing that
thf Natives were come down to Shore witii their Cattle, I

(nt our Men alhore with Chains of Steel, Lattin, Copper,
Jet, and other things refembling Pearl, ordering them to
conceal the Silver Chain, and not exchange it till they had
tried if any of the former would do ; for I had no mind to
make them acquainted with that Metal ; but after all, tliey
Mve nie to know, that they would deal in no other thing
lilt the Silver Chain, and would give no more than one
(.()W lor as much of it as would go round the Neck of the
ullcll of tiicm, and meet with two Ends at his Navel.

Bting unwilling to part with the Silver Chain, and at
the fame time in great Want of their Cattle, becaufe we
rouiil not live upon Filh, I rclblvcd to have a Chain made
ot I'ewicr, by a GoKllhiith that \vc had on Board, and for
iliJl End melted a Platter, hoping to do as much with a
l'( wttr Ciiain as with a Silver one ■, for when I olVered them
SJviT ami Pewter Spoons in a Heap together, they chofe
(ht I'cwter oius, hecaufe they were newcll. In like n.an-
i:,r, when I olVered them a large Silver Bafon, and Silver
(.i;j)s and even a Chain of Golil, tlicy would give me no-
thing for them, but Hill wanted the Cliain tlut was along
with the Whilllc. The next I)..y they came aboard with-
out Hoftages, and brought with them fume Hens and Ca-
lons, a pretty deal of Milk, fomc Peall-, and fome Horn
Sioons, maiie after their Eafliion. Thefe were very fond
d our red Raflade, but we had but very little of it ; how-
tvcr, we exchanged what we had at a pretty good rate,
for they gave us a large Capon, or fome llich I'oukry, for
every String of it. Thefe Natives lodged all Night on
Board of us, and were not fick as the others were ; they fed
heartily, and cat a great deal of broiled Ei(h, and thrice as
much Bread as any of our Men. The Peafe they fold us
were white, and as large as a Mufkct-Ball, and the bed I
ever faw ■, tiiey eat them raw, and next to their Milk I be-
lieve they are their bell Food.

10. On the 26th, I fcnt fome red RalTade and the Tin
Chain alhore, but they c]uickly perceived that the Chain
was not the right ; they gave us Eowls for half a String of
Kirtadc a Piece, as well as a Wcatiier for one String, and
Alfagays and Darts very well nia^e for half a String a-
piccc. Thefe Natives work very prettily in Iron and Cop-
})er, and to my Mind, their Iron, of which they have great
Plcnty,is.isgoodasaMy inS/'f.'/rt. They foldusafmall Quan-
tity ot Rice, which they valued very high. When our red
RaiTadc w.is all gone, I Ihewed them fome red Coral, Chrif-
nl, and other pretty little things, but they did not like
them. On the 27th they brought down as many Cattle as
covereil a Quarter of a League, and Hill demanded the
Silver Chain for an Ox, the red R.afliide for their Sheep and
Pullets, and the Blue for their Milk, of which they brought
great Quantities for the Silver Chain. I demanded three
Oxen and a Sheep for two Strings of red Kalfadc. In the
mean time their King, or Governor, fent me word to come
alhore (for I marketed in my Long-boatJ and (hew him
the Chain, but I gave him to know that 1 could not come
alhore ; but if lie would Ik pleated to come on Board, he
ihould l)c very (iife, and 1 would fend fome of my Men
alhore for I loft.iges.

Afttr fome IX-libcration he came on Board, and I was
forry I h.id no nice thing to jirefent him with 1 however,
having four Strings of red Rallinie in my I land, though I
thought them too mean a Prel'cnt for him, yet finding he
looked upon them with an agreeable Eye, 1 complemented
him with tliem, which he .ucepted with Pleafure, and gave
me a Shri p for my Recompence. 1 had a great mind to
i«ve given him the halt of the Silver Cli.un, which was
five Foot and an half long, and weighed three Ounces and
an half ; luit confidering, if I w.is prodigal of the Chain,
1 (hould have nothing to fetch Beeves, or elfe I fliould be
obliged to rob the Mates of their Silver Whillles, 1 put
itolf till the next Opportunity But fome time after the

King rcflefting upon the Chain, lent one oi the Ratelieft
Oxc-n I ever faw, which we bought for half the Chain ■, but
we had a great deal of Trouble in bringing it aboard-, for
though it received in its Head two Piftol-Shot, one Ilar-
quebufe, and one Mulket Shot, yet it was lu ftrong, that
wc were forced to ftillc it under Water, and give it fevcral
Blows on the Head with an Axe before w^ could get it on
Board : Such an Ox might be worth an iiundred Livres in
h'rance, Thefe Oxen are neither high, nor fo large as tliofc
in our Country -, but they are fhort and thick, their Head
IS frnall, their Neck fhort, with a large Rump or Lump
of Fat upon the joining of the Neck to the Shoulder, which
at a Diftance appears as if it were a Burthen tied upon that
Part. Their Sheep relijmblc tlioCe of llarhary as to their
Head and Wool •, but their Ears hang down like a Hound';;,
and their Tail contains ten or twelve Pound of pure Fat,
which does not difturb the Stomach as the I'Vr of^the Body
does ; their Fowls a:c large, flat, and well taRed. In a
word, their Men arc in lo good a Cafe, and the Cattle fo
fat, that the Ifland mull needs be a very good Country.
As to their F>uit, I qucftion whether we were there in their
Scifon, at leaft they brought us none but a little Rice, fomc
Beans, and very large white Peafe.

They have a great many Gourds and Bottles made of
t'lci , in which they put their Milk. The 28th I was to
fee a little Ifland in the Mouth of the River, and then re-
turned to the Place of Barter, where the Natives waited for
us with a great Number of Cattle. This Day I bargained
to double the Advantage of what I did Yeftcrday -, but
having allowed fome of our Men to go alhore and treat for
themfclves, whether thty fpoiled the Market by being too
prodigal of their Commodities, I cannot tell ; but fo it
was, that the Natives all of a hidden demanded four Strings
of red Raflade for a Sheep ; whereas they had fold me feve-
ral for two apiece but Jufl before ; upon which I called all
my Men into the Bo.at, for I always marketed in iny Long-
boat from the Commencement of the Treaty.

I had no fooner recalled my Men, but the Governor of
the Natives, whom they call Anna, appeared in a PafTion,
and ordered all the Natives to retire. Lelt our mutual
Fricndfhip fhould be thus broke, I made a Signal that I
would fpeak witli the Governor, upon which he came dowa
to the Shore Side, and I going alhore, prefcnted him a Cut-
lals with a Silver Hilt, aHljring him that I was his Friend,
and earnellly defiled that I and my Men fliould live in per-
fe(ft Amity with him and his People. This done, he ex-
praffed a great deal of Satisfaftioii, the Negroes made loud
Acclamations of Joy, and I cauling the Trumpets to found,
and the Drums to beat, ordered a Party of our Men to
come afliore, who joined in and fliook Hands with the
Natives -, in the mean time the Governor m.adc mc fit
down by him, and admiring t!i!,' Trumpets and Drums, of-
fered me an Ox tor one ot eitln r •, but I told him I could
not part with them. After that we Ibid the refl of our Silver
Chains for two Heil'ers, and a String of Coral Beads for
an Ox, and then we returned on Board, giving the Na-
tives to underlland, th.it within four or five Days I fhould
be gone, which they heard with Grief. The next Day
one of our Oflieers went on Shore and fold four Ounces of
a Silver Chain for fix kilty 0,\er., which I ordered to be
falted.

1 1. On the I ft D.iy di'Jimc I went into our little Skiff
with twelve Men, defigning to reach the Mountains by
a finall Creek, and from thence to defcry the Vallies where
the River runs \ but finding the Creek very inacccfTible,
and furroundcd with Hufhcs, llcep Rocks, and alio Plants,
1 left it, and rowed about half a League up an Arm of the
River to the Southward, where I found a Landing-Placc.
Having walked up a third Part of the Mountain, I dil'co-
vered that the other Arm of the River to the Northward
was yet greater, for it appeared as broad as the Smii a
League below Roan. Upon tl)e Se.i-fide, and for two
Leagues up the River, there is nothing but thick and bl.ick
Woods i but beyond thai, there are very pleafant Fields.
This Bay is fb covered with Flats to tli-; North and South,
that it is only .acctfiible by the N. W. and W. N. W.

1 do not believe the gf at Storms do ever reach it, ftjr
the Coail does not feem to be much beaten by tlic Waves i
and all the fifteen Days I cbleivcd but one Cloud in the

Zenith i

i1 ■■.•=■

%-M

^HRPMn

^HHf^pi

i.t

ft VH^BIH^£'liS^^ 'i

IHftis'

' 1 ;, 1

724 The EXP ED IT ION of Commodore Bi- ah

bIL.v. i,

Zenith i neithrr is the Ht at exec (livr, Ijcing temp red lijr
the 1 jnil BriTZes, that never tail blowing (rem the Sim-
frtting to Ten or I'lcvcn o'ClcKk in the Morning, anil tlic
Sea-gales that blow from that Time ro Sunlttting. I
t'ounil the Air of that Bay very htalthy, for we had not
one fick alwanl, to whiih the Abunilancc we hail of frrfK
Meat anii g(K)il '.Vatcr contrilnitcil not a little. A» for
the aiijacent Country, the Valley is very pleafant, and af-
fords excellent I'allurage, being watered with a large Ri-
ver, which wiui! ' render the dround very fertile, if it
were cultivated. The Sea fwells tlie Month of the River
to ten or twelve Foot rvmning Watt r, fo tliat ordinary
.Ships might enter it. The Mount.iins are a dry Rock, the
Siirtate ot which looks as it' ic were burnt. 'I'lic low
Country iscLid with an Infinity of Biilhcs and Shrubs, and
the grtateil Quantity of Tamarinds I ivir law, as well as
wiili I'.bony, and Aloe-Roots.

Their 'I'amarinds were not then line, hit I met with
another Fruit, alinort ripe, that rckmblcd a large Walnut,
having a green Rir.d, which, when 1 opened it, gave a
tragrant Smell, and t!ie Fruit witliin it was [ilaik, and full
ot little Stones, like Ci^ffia tijtu'.a, and the I'lihi being of
ilie Ijme 'I'alle and Giloiir, though not to thick, was m
I take it, of the fame (.^iialities. This Fruit is called Tam-
lx)rins, and laid to relemble I'oppy- Heads, but without
any Rcafon. We law, in the H.indiof the Savages, tome
fmall Cucumhirs, whuh feemed"'to be bctur than ours,
vliich they eat as we do I'cars, a gre.it n'^any Ciour^ls,
fome Beans, very good I'eas, and a Ittlc Rue, and or.Iy
cnc Citron. '1 he Nativis are jolly, projxr, handlome Ne-
gro; s, they are very liimdly one to another, and obey one
.Sovereign, called, .hrta, and lie was only his Deputy, to
whom I mad.c a i'rcfent ot the filvcr Cutlal's, for they
told me, with great Conc<Tn, that tluir Aurea had been
ll.ilbfd. 1 could hot perceive tluni guilty of any brutifli
or inhuman .Ac"t:on, for they dealt with us very friendly
and honelily i they did not ft;al the leaft did I'hing, or
ullir the llnal'tll Iniury tjour Men.

One Day, wlien one ot our I'riefts was faying Mafs,
and lud but very tew Auditors, twenty- live or tlnity of
the Natives came about him, and being defirnl to kniel
i!;d lo.and khavcd themlelvis very riljtitlully till the Ser-
mon w»s ovir. As tor Religion, I tould perceive none
they had aiv.ongll them : Indeed tSiy are ciiiumiilid, atul
ihoiigli the Ir.l'.itution came to tiiem time out ot lumd, yet
I beliLve they had it from th<- MobammcJans u[)on the
('i>afl of L.'hc^i,), who have king had, anei (hll have,
IVafPck with that Country. '1 h;ir Lanei 3:;<: lounds pret-
ty fmootii, f.-r tiif.-y [ire-nouncc- it very ghbly. Thry do
not reclci;:! U'vorii Ten m Ceinijiiiatiuns, and tluir ten
Numbers arc thus (xprcffeel in (^nier, IjJ.i, Rc:i:t, Tcilo,
Effiidy iJnnt, Eunin^, Irn::}, i':r:.'lc, Sin/?y, i'ouh. Ai
for tlie:r Wi.incn, and tiuir I le^iles, I law neither. .Some
«.f oiu- Men to!d nu", they kit their Women about Iialf a
!.<aguc oti'in the Woods and tliat they law three or four
of tliem tliat were very lundfo.r.e, Ixiiig I'jveriil from
iheir B.eaft to tlrir Knees wi:h a party-coloureel C'le)tli ot
Cotton, aiu! luvii'.g their I'.i.'s piere.cd in nuny I'lares,
with a gteat ir.ary liar-nngs ae.d Bracelets lianging iiix^n
ihr;n.

Having nlittr.l our Sl.ips, and fur;;;fiied oiirfelves with
trdh Provl^lon^ W(«)d, and Fiefli- water, and rode lif-
ire;i Days in tins Bay, wineh is a very proper Flace for
ial;ii',g ill (relli Provifiuns and Ihrlteriiig diltreficd Shi(>s,
and might Ix- maeie as ufelul tor tl-.ole who trade to the In-
liics as MoZiimbifUi is to the l\riu^ufzt. Having rode, I
fay, tilticn Dayi in this Ray, whuh lies in the lllanel of
Madj?>ilii3r y)t St. I^urenii\ uiidrr the Troj/ie k u\ Cnpri-
t.ris, we weighed Anchor and lluod North- We It to avoiel
the llats ; al^', havmg fade el .ill the Day \\ith httle Wine!,
.It Ni';!it ih l'>.iy lay alwut te n I .eagucs ejfTS \ . a Quarter
I', at whirh lime wc jitreclvee! aiunher B.iy alxnit fix
Ixaf^ies o!f t'l the b.-illwarel \ the Co.ill lun' N. and S. as
far a' we eejiild lie-, and aj'piars high, liiKx.ih, and all of
J Hiece, like the Coaf\s ot I*;uiitJ\, i\:rmani!j, am! Urt-
lapt.

1 1. "Jimf fh' i^th we came in Sight of the 7,rr,t firm./,
Ixtwern Sai'l.-rdn and M'yzai-.hftf, ami, at .N'if.ht, Uiiij'
:n / 10' !.ir a;.d (ailing .N. 1-.. .it^iaiter 1. \seiL in Dan

in- Bock I.

ger of being call away, bccaufe our Sea-Charts are vcrv
deteftive in thole I'arts, for the I'innace bL'ii,.^ ,jrilcr,-il I
fail a head and found, and, if Ilie appirheiulal a„y Danair
to give us a Signal of tliree tiuns ; aheuit an 1 luur and i
h.ilf before Day, the Signal being given, \sc iinninlijtely
tacked about and dro|n>ed an Anchor ■, and whin Day
tame, |)crccived that it we h.ui gone a liitir farther we
htd run our Ship a-grouiul, lor, abeiut a Qiiarter cf a
League olV there lay a little Illaiul, le..iiee a Mile in cir
nimfereiuT, covered with Bullies and (h..!,., ji.iviii.- tw„
tall Trees together upon its Weltern l'e)ii.r, ..ml to thtW
N.W. of this Idand, which has a long Bar bdure it ; [l„.c
lies another of the fame Bignefi, very low, and lovi'rii! all
over with Trees.

The Continent lay alx)ut four I.i'agues from the fliit
Ifiand to the S. W. We faw a high ami (aiuly Coall wi:h
a woody Country behind it, anil to the Well we deieriiel
a low Ijnd, with large Trees u|X)n it, as if they had been
planted in the Sea. I was lurpri^ed to lee the Cejntinent
to near me, taking my Meafure from the .Sea Charts ; tur
over Night, when wc faw the Terrj hirina, and ih.j
Idanels, wc took them, aecouling to the I.atiiuJcin the
Charts, to be what the Pcriupieze call the Vrimicroi, a-J
reckoning thefe three Leagues te) the Wellward of u>, the
Coiirle laid down in the Chart:, from tlule Iilar.ds toa largi;
Mar, lying in 16° ;o' about twelve Leagues from the
Tnra I-nm,!, being N. F.. and S. W. and the tail of the
Pnmi(rds-llli>hii being placed in i-% above tai l.eai'.iis
trom the lirra Fiiwit, we rel'olveel tollar.el N. K, a Ouarr.
I'., thinking to fail nearer to t!ie I'lat tlu'i ih,' rrimitrai-
IJlaiu!.', but we were iiiilbken, for the Pi-inucr.n-hlvi.ii
are not aLiove two or three Leagues Ireiin the Terra i'm::,:
trom which the Co.ill runs away 1'. a Q^iiit.N. !•,. Uilidn,
t.'ie Ch.irts have no llats or lllands along that (.eall, ur.-
1( Is it Ik- thofc ol .vn^t.xu, w.'iuli aie plaied ii.e.re tu thr
S.Aithward, v,3. i6-^-, though after all, I faw that Morn-
ing a String ot I laneis ehllant one frejin another, and lyin'
10' 40', which I took for them ; I'j that the Charts niii-
placeel them alio twet thirds ot a Degree. Fking at a Lul's
to know what litdc lllands tliJe weie, anel lindiiig the
Chart fe) much out, I rele)Iveei to l!ay there no lejiigeri
accordingly 1 we-iglieel .Anihor, ami laile.l between tiij
two lllani'.s, the I'innace luuiulinga Head eif me.

We faihei dole by the Fane! Side eif the lirlHiird,
where wc lui! ten or twelve Fathom Water, with a jtuJ
Cirouiul of miKlily .Sanil, and no Rinks, fo that this .SiJe,
together with the Bar, allords a very goenl Roail lor Ships ;
then llani!:ng F. S. F. with a frelh luuilnrly Cjale, we git
clear ot the leconel Mand, between whiih and the Cuiui-
nent 1 iloubt not but there is a gixxl I'all'age, tur 1 cb-
lerved iieit any ILnks or Shallows, i laving palleel this li.-
tond Ifiand, we delcrilxd a tliirel of the lame Bigiufs
with the former, which lonvinceel me that thele were the
lllanels of ..'rrfcxj. The ne.\t l).\y it svas as niuih as w.;
loulel do to lee the L^nd'tothe North- Well of us bei:;^
then about fix Leagues oil"; but, according the Chait^, wc
lliould have bien .dxjve twenty. "

I }. The thirteenth wc defiribed one of the Iflands of
Comorrc, whieh u very high, a;u! a;, conlpicui-iis a> Mi-
dtr.i. The next Day wc jxricived another not lu high,
which is called Majotta, and abejiii.ds witli all furti of
I'lovifions and l-'nits, lying about ten Leagues lioni the
IHand tliat is neared the 'hrra firma of Mcztimir^uf, the
South I'oint of which wc made the next Day, but louU
find no Conveniency of coming to an Anchor. Notwith-
tlaiidmg it is inlioljited all along the Shore, this lall lllanJ
is very cool, moifl, and lull of Verdure, by reafoii ot iii
Height, which gathers a great number of Clouds that
break u[hjii it. It has a great many Biooks ot Water
running deiwii from the Top, whiih, in my Opinion, iluei
not Airing fr<jni the Rock, Init are ejccalioned by the co:.-
tinuai Vai)oursa:id their Condcnratii-n. The fixteeiuh we
made the North Cajx-, whieh is fifteen or fixteen leagues
diltant from the S;utli. Having doubled the Cape, we
peiceived a hmely t reek, whuh apjiared like an old ruin
ous CalUe, where two Ship-, may iiele at Anchor, in lix
Fathom Water, up(.n a faiidy (irounel: We thouglit to
have ludr t!:eie, but the Tide c.irritd us by it.

I laving

'^ Bookl.

V Sea-CI-.,uts are vtry
li'..u- hn,,^ oalcml ti

IHicncalanyDanga,

I aUn;t an 1 lour anj i

lytn, we iiniiirdiattiy

[nor ; aiul when IJay

Jonc a littlr farther wc

lahou aaururcfa

I, luiKcaMilc incir

]"•' t'lV'^lN, h.ivii,.; t\v„

' "II. r, Mil to theW

fg «■'.•■ iKlor. it ; ,h,,,

■y luw,andtovi.r(,i! all

Iragiirs from the lii it
[i aiul la.uly Coall w,:|,
tlic Willwcilciiriul
If. as it they had ban
1 tu lie thf Continent
m the Sci. Charts; tor
rra liim, and ih-
|to tilt: l.atituJcin tac
all tlic Piiiiiicraj, j:;j
If Wdhvardofu>, the
till II- Iilands to a Lrgi;
y^: Lianu.-i froin tlic
'V. and the lad of thi-
■, •il.o'.c t-nLcag;,..,,
tollar.d \. I-;.a(^ujrr.
.'.It than th.' rnmitrjs-
tlh: Prsr.iur.u-ljl'Mi
lrc;m tlic Tcna /;?,■;;„•,
aQiiut.N.K IJ,hj,,|
alon^ that C.^all, un-
aif pLkcd Wa.k totiir
r all, I faw th.it Morn-
roin ai;otht-r, and lying
I'j that the Charts nni-
.grcc. Iking at a Lois
wtic, and finding the
J i!jy there no longer ;
iiul l.iile.i b.nvceii til.'
a I lejii ol nu*.
SiJe of tin- llrll Mand,
n Water, with a j;(;uJ
Links 'o that this Suie,
y good Road fur Shij-s -,
luutluriy Gale, we gi. t
ii whii h and the Cumi-
Kxi I'allagc, tor I ob-
J laving juHedthis L-
of the lame Bigneli
me that theic were the
It was as nniih as wj
rill- Well ot us be;:;;;
cording the Cliaits, wc

one of the Ifiands of
aj conijiieiiuus as M:.-

iiiUither not fu high,
inds with all foris of
ten I.(ai.iues Iron) the
w (jf Mozaml>:-jue, the
: next Day, but lOuU
111 Anchor. Notwit.'i-
iihore, this lall Illand
dure, t)y reafon ot its
nilxT of Clouds th.it
iny Biooks ol Water

in my Opinion, duel
Ci.-.ilioiied by the ron-
II. The fixteenth we
vn or fixtten leagues
oubleil the Cape, we
aral like an old ruin
ide at Anchor, in lix
iiml : We thougiit to
d {!•> by it.

I iaviiu;

Chap.

II.

to the KAST-INDIES.

Having iloiiblcil tlic Toint ol this Creek wc came be-
fore an Inlubitcd I'iacc, iutiiiflicd with I Joules like tiiole
of our own Country, where wc thoiiglit to come to an
Anchor i but finding no Bottom but from fifty to thirty Fa-
thom Water, upon a rocky Ground, wf llooti to Sea, del-
pairing of Anchorage upon that Illand. In the mean
linic the Tide carried us Wcftward along the CoaR, to a
Point where w came in Sight of u Ship, and having lent
tut our long Boat with ten Mufkcttcrs, we underftood it
10 be a Micca Ship of forty I'uns, that upon our Appear-
ance upon that Coaft, had run all their (iooiis on Shore,
yking us to be Dutch Ships. The Captain ftiewed mc
two Letters one from an Awf/j/i Captain called Martin,
and another from Captain Bannar, intimating to all their
Countrymen, that they hail taken in leveral Kefrclhments
at that Phice, cl'pccially i-ruits, but little Meat ; that they
had found no Water there j that hnncn Cloth anil Paper
was a projier Commodity for tlut Place, and adviling them
to take Care of difobliging the Iflanders, who tlio' they
appeared friendly enough, were capable to do them a great
tlcal of Injury.

Having aflted the /trabiat Mailer where I could find
ihe bell Convenicncy tor coming to an Anchor, he told
me, the Place of Anchorage lay to the Windward ot their
Ship, but withal, advilcd me to fetch a Pilot from the
Shore, by rcalbn that the Road is furrounded with Rocks
anil Banks, and the Inhabitants of the Illand being great
Sorcerers and having the Wind at their Command, could,
uiKin Occafion, change it to our Difadvantage. Purfuant
tu his Advice, I' feiit my Boat alliorc along with him,
anil in the Afternoon he returned with two ol the Inhabi-
tants, who were Negroes, and brought our Ship lijte to
Anchor before Sun-let. In the mean time 1 lent the A-
nbian Mafter back to his own Ship, with full Alfurances
ct the Innocency of our Dclign, and the fiiendly Dilpoli-
tion of the hrcnch, together with a 1 .etter to the liiine
Purple, addrefied in Spmnfi to the King.

C^ the feventeenth, the King lent Ibmc of his chief Fa-
vourites to allure us of his Frienillliip, and Rcadinel's to
fupply us with the Produdt of his Country. I acknow-
ledged my Obligations to the Prince, and lent him a I're-
fcnt of a filver-hilted Hanger, a couple of very pretty
Knives, a Ream of Pa{)cr, and a Looking-glals, whicii
he received with Plcafure, and returned me a Complement
of a young Kid and fome Fruit. At the fame time I de-
fired the .irabiaH Captain, who was thun alliorc, to buy
fome Provilions for me, promiling to lend luch Commo-
dities as were proper to be given in Exchange ; but the
Captain fent mc Word, that the Inhabitants of that Illand
wcic of fuch a particular Humour, that they would not
ftnke a Bargain of half a Rial Value in a Day's Time, for
that they would not buy half a Yard of Cloth without call-
ing all their Relations and Neij;hbours to concert the Mca-
liiics ot the Bart^ain. I w.us likt-wilc informed by a Portu-
fMze, that a Poriugueze Carraek had been lolt upon that
Illand about three Years Ix'tore, and by that Means the
Inhabitants were lb over-llock'd with Kiahs, that they put
no Klleem upon that Coin.

Accordingly I lound, that tho' they Iiad vafl Qiianti-
tics of Fruits, they woulil not till ihec.i to our Men for
Money, but only for I'aiier, white Cloth and Knives ; in
fine, I perceived, that it would coll me a Fortnight's At-
tcndiince to make up two Pipes of Pealf, which I want-
ed, tho' I did not dclign to llay above three or lour Days.
The eighteenth, having deieried a iou[)lc of Ships ot that
Country, I brought the Cidt.uns a Board, who acquainted
me, that they came from the lllind of Mojotla, were laden
With Rice and dried FIclli, and hound lor Monbazc. Next
Day they fujjphed ine witli as mui li Kice, Peale, and hung
Beef, as would fervc us lur lour Months, and I was glad
of the Opportunity, tor I could buy nothing Ironi the In-
habitants without an iminite l.ols of Tiiiici btlides, 1 be-
gan to fufpcdt the Ilonelly ol their Inteiumns, for the
bay before, when we were toundiiri; tor Anchorage, fome
ot the Inhafjiunts gave us a .Si|!;nal to tome to a I'laie where
wc Ipird a long Kidge- of Rocks and had certainly been
loll, it wc had aniwered the Si^n.il i and upon th.it Icore,
1 preliinied, that the Advaiit.igc they b id made by the
N u M u. 4ij.

I^S

Shipwreck of the Portuguezt Carrick tempted them to
wilh us the like Fate.

The twentieth I thought to have taken up fome frclh
Water on Shore, but fimling it blackifh, and hard to be
put on Board, by reafon of the great Waves, and obterv-
ing withal, that the Ship road in the midft of Shelves, I
dropped that Dcfign, and weighed Anchor on the twenty-
firll by break of Day. The ytabian Captain underlland-
ing that I defigned to double Cape Comorritt, had adviflel
me to flop at the IQe of Soccctora for fix Weeks, to avoiii
the ul'ual Storms upon the Coaft of Malabar. I would
gladly have taken one of their Pilots along with me, to
fiiew me the Coalling of that Ifland, but they pleaded the
Difference of the Religion, and our Mens eating of Pork,
i an Excufe.

) 4. Ihis lilt of Naitgajija extends itfelf from North to
South about fifteen or lixteen Leagues, with about three or
four Leagues in Breadth. We could oblcrve no Anchor-
rage round it but that where our Ship rode, which lies
upon the N. N. W. Point in 1 1» 80' S. Lar. but the mid-
dle of the Ifland is in 13°. In that Place we rode at 25
or 30 Fathom Water, upon a Ground of Sand •, but
within a Pillol Shot of us there lay Flats, which had
not above two Feet Water at low Water, and rocky
Ground all about. It is a very dangerous Road, and hard
to be found by Strangers. Indeed, among m.iny Incon-
venicncies, it has theie Advantages, that the Tide always
runs againft the Wind, lb that the Ships ride eafy, and
that caufes a kind of perpetual Calm at Sea, bccaufe the
Wind then takes the Land. Befides the Incoiiveniency
of Anchorage, it is likewife a very improper Pl.ice to take
in freJh Provilions, for its Water is very bad, and the In-
habitants are fo over cautious, that they will be two Hours
in marketing to the Value of Five-pence •, fo that Majotia
is upon that fcorc infinitely preferable to it.

Tlie Ifland itfelf affords a pleafant Prolpedl, cfpecially
to the Northward, for on that Side the Mountains rilb
gradually, being covered with fcvcral forts of Trees, and
below, ujion a clear Creek of Sand, along the Sea-fhore,
there Hand a great many Iloufes, Iheltcred svith an infi-
nite number of Cocoa, Orange and Citron Trees. Their
Oranges are very fnull, but very fweet and delicious, re-
fenibhng both in Shape and Taftc thofe of China. The
Iidiabit.mts arc Negroes, and call their Illand Nanga/tja.
Tlu-y arc all very zealous Mohammedans, and marked with
a hot lion, upon the Temples, and middle of their I'oie-
htad. They are neither lb handfome, nor fo well fhaped
as the Negroes of St. Laurence. The Illand is governed
by fifteen petty Kings, of whom the King of the Place
where is the Anchorage, is the flrongeft, and beft allied.
Thefe Kings war with one another, and fell their Prifoners
of War to the Portugueze, and other Nations.

Their Fighting confills in throwing of Stones, beating
one another with Sticks, burnt at the End, and flinging
Sand in one anothers Eyes. We faw no Arms among
them but what the King had, and thofe were Fuzces and
Pillols, with which the Englijfj prefented him ibmctime
ago, which he valued mightily. They are reckoned great
Sorcerers, but are civil and refpeftful enough to Strangers,
uiilefs it be when they lee a Stranger Hand upright and
make Water, for then they ridicule him with a prodigious
Shouting. I'he Arabian Ships, which they call Pengajs,
are llrangely built, for the Planks are neitlier nail'd nor
caulk'el, but fewed together with a fort of Thread made
of the Rind of Cocoa Tree, and tarred, or pitched above
the Seams, lb that they are very leaky, and there are al-
ways live or fix Men employed to heave out the Water j
bclidcs, that they always oblerve the Traat-Winds, fo as
to fail right before the Wind, for they wont venture to
let their Side to the Windward. They are undeck'd, and
carry about fifty or fixty Tuns. W hen we weighed An-
chor in this Road, we flood N. N. E. and without the
Points of the Land met with violent Tides, bearing to
the- Wellward, /. e. S. S. W. At Night wc dcfcried an-
other finall Ifland to the Sea-ward, which niiifl be that
called in the Maps Jium dc Lajlntval, and lies fifteen
Lcigucs N. E. and a Qifarter N, from Nang.ifija.

■ \n I

If •
> I

I k i

If .

*5>

l6 7hc EXPEDll ion of Cowmociorc Bi aumiuj Rook I

I •,. Tilt tw,'ntvci|;hth \vr rrolVa! tl.r r.(juiiinftial Linr,
aiiii 'fuls the liiir, ilic Wiiul bl(.winf^ vity luf!;li, we Tiil-
a! Iiity-iivc I .cimic"; in twiiity-tniir Hiurs notwitlillaiul-
Tiij, that moll o\ 'uiii- Sails wire fuilal, wlath yave mc to
iiiulcrllaiul, t'l.it iij'iHi that dull the Tulcs ran rapicfly
l)ftorc th.- Wini!. Next Monunf; wo iliUovcrril a dear
ami rocky Coalt, >\;[h piK).l (Irouiui, a K"'^t ^^ay from
it, lor at ill! a- l.iv.nucs Dillantf we had thirty Fathimi
Water, tijvn a line t^.'iite SanJ, On the (Wonil of "July
V.;' IUxkI a^aii'.U tlie Wim!, lioi'ip[; tlv: Sturm wouiii a-
l.ite upon tlic Change df the Moon-, Init hy our 1-iti-
tiu'.e Jounii, that the fi-io ami Storm liail earneil us thir-
ty-eight l.ia^^ues, till)' in th? Ni|;ht wc Ihio.i to Sea, ami
by n.iv towards the l,.in.!, whirh feemeii viry womlerlul.

Tlie J .urtii wc maJi. Laix- O;//';, whuh in the Maps is
placed in ten Dcprccs l^tituiie, and liiopped two An-
iliors, the Storm itil! continuing The (i:;hih it blew fo
very hard, that a Man could not walk iijnjn Detk. I'l^on
wliicli wc tiled all the Inventions imaginable of low-
f rinp our Tuj-'mal^ running out alxjvc one hundred and
tight Fatliom Cabb to every Amhor, isc. and our Pi-
lots deilareil us loll. At the lame 'J imc our I'innacc
was drove from two Anchors, the Kojic lieint; cut by the
Hocks. The fourteenth, tilt.enth, and lixticnth, it blew
Hill harder, infoir.u.h that the I'innace was obliged tu
quit the Coart, but the fcventcenth flie ntuiiicd, and cad
Anchor nearer the Sliore, at fix fathom Water, uiKin ve-
ry good (iround.

The l.iyli Windi C'j".t'::v.:ri! witliout IntermilFion till thr
tiiird uf .-ipiji, during which Time wc could neither fend
our Uaats a:liore, nor hoill up a Sail. However, I re-
folvcil to I'.aml lor Lapc (Juiii.!nfu, in order to conlidcr
t!ie State of our larkli.n;, as well as to take in frclh Wa-
ter, and receive l'*:ic-.^>ioiis trom the Natives alxjut our
dialling on Soiicur,:, where pone of u< had ever been.
With tins \'i.\v 1 lilted oiit our I.ong-lxiat with I'roviii-
i :-.5 tui- tluee Day., i rdering the Mfr\ by ail Means, to
ir.il;e the I.ai.d, and know of the Natives where they
might come at Iredi Water.

1 6. Tluy leturncd on the twelfth, and re|)orteil, that
tl-.ry had coalled along the Shore to the l-.allwaid of the
I'lace, v.lirrc we rode under lU-ep Mount.'.irs on the Tops
cl which tlicy law IVifuns n mean .-kuhr.n H.ibits, who
fcxnieii to Ix: Nc^rixs and threw i'o many Stunts on them
(;oin the Tops ol the Mountains, that tlry were obliged
10 lliecr oH'i for, rotwithlhnding all the Signals they could
make ot I'eace and I'riendfliip, t.'ie Natives leemed to inti-
mate by their Swords ai^l Alfar.ays, rhat it they came afliore,
they wculd rut tiirir I'hroats. I'lmn which they lUer'd
lo that I'ait ot t!:;- C'oatl whi( h was ojipfjUte to our An-
i!.'ii.:ge, where lomc ot them g"t up the I'retipice, by a
tiap, ami tour.il an op<n chainpain Country, as far as
t'uy could lee, wit!'.(;ut any Trees, txcept it was fomc
v.it.hered. Bu.lies and lome 1 lerbs, burnt ii|) by th-: Sun;
'I'hey fiw Lkewile two or titiec of the Natives, who lied
i'.iilher mtj the C'(!Ur.trv.

I lavir.g lain that Nij<l:t under the Precijiice, they fteer-
id. MM Day two or thue Leagues to the Wcllvvard, and.
law fu.i-.c Natives along the Shore, who marched up Hill
.■.s loon as the Boat offered to lome near them. After
i.'iey had doub!r<! the Cape, from whirh a Kidge of Rocks
Ihoots ab<Ae hal! a League into t!ie Sea, and there found
a large Bay, thnr Ixagues broa.i, and lli(M)tii)g very lar
into th-.- Tirr.i i.rma, tut vrryfhallowi tor alxnit two
Jx-aguts from t.he Mou:h ot it ihey tound but three and
f^ur I'eet Water, the dround. Sand and thick (iravel,
with a great deal of Wreck, and an Inlimty of l-'i(}i. In
il. > Riy they fuund two of the Natives a lifiiing, who ficd
-s Iw'jii v.\ they made uji to rhem. Our Men went aflioic
liivre, and met with agieat many of t!ie lnha!)itants, who,
i.otWiiliffaiuiing all tlie Signals ihey could make of a white
?:tan iard, liill tied trcm tlicm, crying aloud, lib. Alia, i:i.t
!.i iM.ii:-,med '(j.iLila, which is t!ie Mck-.mmn.'an Conlef-
f. jn of l-a:i!i.

I '\iuu the Shore they found an /Irnliiin Boat with
: nliir.;^ in ji ■, a little further in the Countiy ihcy met
■•it!. .; t •* 111. ill 'I r- ',, and a litth- 1 .</ Ige, with two «r
'iiiec
Al-.r

out ag.iin, but could find no Opjiortiinlty nf treatinrf

pretty Mats in it, whiiii ih'V dul nut toucli.

le-cii. uatked they law l!i? N-iiivo |itep

Jud

them either bv Krirndlhip or force, Ipon this'in

o *'iil

illtj.

vour.il)le Report, I refolved to wi iph Amlid'r m foon ajih
Storm afuted. Tin, Anchnr.,,-,' m wind, we encmiiitcr.i

this Seafon, ami which IS indeed, the \V intrrdt that Countr •
lies in 10" V' N. l,at. the Niedle vaiviML' 17 ^(/N \v'

and thcCoall lunmng \-.. ami W. 1 wguld notaiiv,.!

any one to pitch upon that I'lace to lie in till the
Sealbn of Coalhiig up)!! Mi.'.iliir, for not only t!ie Ij

prof,iT

ij licfert anil in.ucelfable, by lealon ol the continual V|
lencc of the Wind, whii h never varies farthe.- than In n
S. S. W. to S. W. liut It allords no W.mr, utlur trom
liarih or Heaven, as being ahugeiher delbtutf ot Ram

17. 'I'he Storm Iving, abar.ej', we weipliai Anchor the
fevcnteenth, and the eighteeiuh came witlim a Leapiit ot
Cape GuarMu. 'I'hat Night we t.icked ab..ut, ami'ih^oU
to the Seas, licering K. a (^lartei S !•;. .imj S. S. f., ,,,
order to make the lUrs ol CuriA and .U«r;j, which he be-
tween the I lie of >V5<-c«/<;»vJ and the La|K-, .iml alibnls a. oj
Water. Hut milling of them, we letiiriuJ next Morn,
ing, lUnding for the Cape, and in ilie Atterno>,n canit
into an Anchor within CajK- (luarjjf.t, m iire fatlu,;-
Water, uiK>n goinl (Fiouiui, wiihin one-l(,nrthot aLcitut
ot the ifland, that runs away N. W. a C!>i.utir W. ^^i^
Morning I lent one Boat's Crew in quell ot Ionic Sprinf ct
frelli V\ ater, falling from the Mountains imo the Sea,°(,n
its S. Side, and another to (o.Ul along the Shore, N, \\
three Quarters W, which extend, to the Mouth of thr
Red-Sra, in order to find Water, or to ti)eak to Ionic «
the inliabitants. At the lame 1 ime 1 l.nt out the li:.
tic Skilf, to try what Convcnicncy they could haw i^r
I'llhing.

1 he Skill" brought back Word, that all along the Shore,
for twenty or thirty Paces, the dr.iund was lo rockv, tl„;t
they tiutif not venture to Und then Scan. 'I'lxulc- v.ho
went in Qiielf ot \\ ater to the Southward leturnei!, and
gave me an Account that tluy had travelled tuur or hvc
1 .eiigues into the Country, which w.is extreamly delart, dry,
and unfurterably hot, the Sun being in the Zenith ot the
1 Ion/on, and there Ixmg no Shade- or Wind, llieothir
Boat's Crew reported, that alxitit three leagues Wcll-
North-NN'ell from us they came to a I'iaec winch Itetniii
to l>c pretty green in Compariluii ot that dry Coiintrv,
where they went albore, and meeting with ten or tw.iv;
Negroes, alked them where tlu-y luuld have \Naterio
drii.k? That one of the Negrois afked a Piece of (..ottuii
Cloth that one ot the Seamen had, as a Reward lor tr.f
Ihicovery, and U[xjti having ir, fhewed hitn lome Ditches
and Wells dug out of the tiiound, in which was ahumlai ce
of Water ; and that the laid .Negroes alked them, it tluy
were hn^/rjh, and promil.d to (;ive them Cattle in h\-
change-, ui)on this Re|K)rt svc weighed Anchor, and Ic;
Sail lor that Place.

'I'he 2n\, alxiut Noon, we came to an Anchor at fix
1 athom Water, bail ( iround, alK)Ut tour league', troni
Cape Ciuaidofu, over-againll lome Bullies and (jreens which
are not common upon that Co.iH. I lavmg let thirty Men
alhore to dig lor Water, 1 luund that the Water, which
came in great abundance, alter they had digged but one
loot deep, was at lull Iweet, l)ut alter we had tilled a
Barrel or two, the letf came very tail, infunnuh that lui
tweniytwo 'I'un ol Water •<nc were obli{;cd to dig in abuve
levent'y Pl.u es, which we did in tour Hours, the Soil htmg
Sand 1 while wc lay liere it was inlulierably hot, without
any Wind.

i.s. Cape Cuardafu lies in i.^.* Degrees l^ititude, th;
Needle varying 17" 43' North- Well i 'tis tiie highelf Land
iipiHi ,ill this Coalt, and riUs to a Precipice. All this Coali
IS wondcilully delart, fiorched liv the .Sun, mtoniuch that
I do not Ulieve there is a hotter Plai e 111 tlie \N uild. U c
faw no Apjx-arance of Houle'-, but tlieie appieaied U us
tome Negro Men wandering, ujkjii the Shore, wIkj wercli>
large, that we fliould have taken tlu 111 tor Rocl.s, 11 we
h.id not leen them move 1 law mie ot their Uows whuh
l)y Its Latgeiiils and .Sticiu;ili Ipukc the huge Stature ol
the Owner. 1 was mightiiy lurpn/.ed to lind no niaiiiici
ot Wind when we lay dole by tin-. Cape ; wlierea. it lud
lilown verv iiard but a kw lA-'ai'u.s o!t, 111 the Latiluile 01

'""•^" ' " Til-

,ir.i:

Book I. I Chap II'

to the i: A S T . I N D I E S.

'T'^

III

'ortunuy of treating V.,,,

''^I'li'Ta^lbonaMhe
vvliith we cncou.,tc,;j

^^'I'trrMtliatCumrv
^^■•"V'"Ki7 4oN,\v'

t>>l"-m till the pror,r

»"f not onlytliejjpj

• "I 'lie continual \'| "

v.irir, farther than tr, ^

"'> ^ .mr. (itlKT from
ilKT (Htitutc ot Ram
wtf w.i^ilKcl Anrlior ihr
•*nK'wirl,mal.aRi,c,^
t-ukc<l abr.iir, and itooj
■ '"^ '••■ ■'"^i -S. S. 1.;. ,„
•^/«'w, wliirl, he be.
<-•'!". ami alVorilsR oj
L' rctiiriu-d next \iurn.
"\ '!"<• Attirnn„n ranif
'•'■■.'.»''.(. m Iff,- hatlii,;..

iXKH'-luirtlioUUitut
A'.aC^uartcrW. ,V„

iqudlotUmv Spring ct
untaiiis into tht Si-a, „„

iloi'S; tlie Sliorc, X. W.

. to the Moutii (,f (1;,.

IT to l[)cak to lonii' o;

ii'H' I l.nt cut tht ii:.
<■>• tlity coukl have la

that all along the Sliorc,
r.iiinJ was lu rockv, tl;.:t
tlicir .Scan, 'iluiic who
wiitliward rctiirncil, and
laii travelled tourorhvc
.as f xtrearnly dclart, drv,
1:4 111 the zVi'.irh ot [)ic
icorWiiul. 'IheotliiT
:t tlircc l^aj^iic's Wilt-
J a I'lac c MJiich Ittmtd
'II ot that liry Counirv,
■eting with ten or tw,;vj
y luukl liavc Water to
atkeii a I'lcte ot l.titro:i
ui, as a Kewaril tor tr.r
Kwcd hun lijnic Ditihcb
in which was aliiinilarcc
oci atkeii them, it tlifj
;ivc theni Cattle in lix-
ciglicd Aiitiior, and Ic;

lie to an Anchur at Ii.;
out tmir Ixagues troni
.bullies and (jreenstt Inch
I l.iVing let thirty Min
that the Water, which
1: y had digf^eii but imc
It attcr we hail tilltil a
r (alt, inlunuKli that tur
: obl:i',cd to iii(5 in aUjve
ir I'lours, the Soil hrinj;
ilulierabiy hut, without

lVi;rcts l^uituiie, th;
tl i 'tis tiie liighell Land
'rcci|iitc. All this C'oall
the .Sun, iiitoiiuicli tliat
are in the \N urid. W'c
jt there apiieated to us
he Shore, who were Id
tiMii tor Kocl.s, 11 we
le ot their Uows "huh
ike the huge Stature ol
i/.cd to tind 110 iiiannei
1 Caiv ; whereas it lud
i olt, 111 the Latitude 0!

■Ja-

The Rfall)n 1 imagine to be tins, the Point of Lind ly-
ing in I"" 31-' . IJfi'ig ii IVninfuU not aliove rhrec or four
leagues broad, Icrvcs tor a Shock to heightin and inlianie
the Wind, which runs along the Coalt North-l'.all and
South-Well i whereas Cape Gitartlnfu is very high, and
the Wind pading over a long ImH of tlry and hot I jnd,
,11 ConjuniSkion with the Kay.s of the Sun, iloes fo heat its
Surlace, that the Wind is walled aliove it. The 27th we
v/tighed Anchor, anil as wc advanced found the Wind grow
brilker; alter wc had failed about twelve 1 lours, wc Icll in
»ith gtcat 'I'idcs running out of the Rcd-Sia, and a few
Hours alter that found the Sea very much troubled, and
Ihmtd with red Spots; Ionic t(jok it tor llats.but we could
diliovcr no flich thing by lounding. My Senit: of the
Matter was, that we then being in the Mouth of the Red-
Sta, and that being the Day of the Moon's Conjimaion,
fuiiir great Flootls joined to the I'reflure of the Sun and
Maon, occalioned this Violence of the Tides.

Next Day a Coniultatioii oi the Pilots being called, it was
rcfolveil that wc Ihould run li vin or tight Days to and
again in the Mouth of the Red Sea, for fear the Wind we
then had Ihould watt us too luon upon the Coall ot Ma-
liihar 1 purfuant to this Relolution, we lleered North to-
wards the Coall of Arabia. Ju^ujl the jilt wc came
within two Leagues ot the Coall ot Arabia, wc were then
in !+• 20' l.atitude, ovcr-againll a Bay, in which, accord-
ing to the vulgar Maps, there ftiould be fome Idands called
Cirmbiriimma, and Xael, which iiriKlucc great (Quanti-
ties of Frankincenfe. I thought to have made Carambe-
nmma, but the contrary NSinds and Ttdes prevented inc.
1 unilcrllood that there came to that Place every Year a
giv-.it many Mobiimmnian Pilgrims, loine of whom conti-
nued there a long time.

In tlie Entry of the Red-Sea, and along the Coaft of the
C#««, or Guard'finei, there is a prodigious Cjiiaiuity of
Fiih, dpccially T hornbacks, Ibinc of which are as long as
iBo.it, and proportionably thick ; fome of our Men llruck
at them with a Grapple, but it pierced their Skin no more
than if It had been Iron. T'his Coall of Arabia is landy,
and in fume Places low ; but in the inland Parts there are
very high Mountains, which were covered with I'ogsall the
Time we were there. 'The Calm obliging me to tlay in the
Mouth of the Red-Sea till September the loth, 1 began to
be apprchenfivc we might come too late to double Cape
Ccmonn, and for that Kealoii Hood North-L'lalt with what
Eaft and Lail-South-Kall Wind we had, till wc tell in
with the South- \N til Winds, and ib lleered our Courlc
South.

Having called a Confultation of the Pilots and other
OJictrs, in order to lietermine what Courfe we fliould
lUcr to Cape Comorin, whether through the Channel of
Mmnmale, or along the Coatt ot Muabar, it was allcdged,
t.hat palling through the Straights of .\/ij«;wfl/^ at thatSealbn,
would abridge our \oyage ; but on the other hand the
Tides running South- Well, were againll us, and to Itaiid
to Suuth-L'-itl wv fhould Ix- obliged to tail dole by the
Wind, lb that the Ship would make but little Way -, and
for tlut Kcalbn it was aikdged, that we might Iboner make
the Coall of Malabar than the Latiiutlc r)f that Channel,
and tor niy part, 1 w.is appreheiilive ol being becalmed on
llut Coall, upon wIiilIi we had a hundred and twenty
Ix'agues to fail betbre we could double Cape Comorin. u
wai hkewile allcdged, that we could not reach the Latitude
of tlut Chaiuul, which was 9', without tailing in upon the
7<na l\rma, by realim that tlandtiij', Soiith-Ealt would
make more thin an I..1II Courie ; others again pleaded,
tiiat South-Simth-Kall would do cur Huliiul's.

In this Dill'erence of Upinions, 1 relulvcd to put the
Tale to a T'rial, by ll.ir.dir.i', .Suutli-Souili-L'.ail, und rc-
n.arking truin the l.j!itudes what W ay wc niadei Accord-
"Sily wc tleered South-SouLliTvall till the next Day at
Noon, and then having taken the l-;uitudc, found that our
W.iy was no better tli.iii Lull .Sourh I'.all. Alter this I
ciiled toi^ether the Pilot. .u;aiM, the Majority of which
agreed that wc Ihould go dirtclly in ijuell of the Coall of
Malabar, in tlie 1 atitude ol 1 ^ .'.o. The chief Realbn thiy
iidilled u[X)n was, that tiie Chaiuicl ot Mammak lying in
'/ jo', it would be a Ion;; Time betoie we Ihould reach it;
Ufides, that in that Cuuil.; wc fhyuld be in Danger of fall-

/ ■^7

ing in with the flats to the Northward of the Channel.
1 hough I was very apprehenfive of being ber.ilined on the
in ^J'.'i""^ yt I yielded to the Plurality of Votes,
4nd Hood Lall-.South-lull.

19. The 26th we came in Sight of the Coaft of Ma-
labar, which IS very high and mountainous i within the
Country, the 27th, w. .leluied Mount /J,//, ahcut ei-hc
Leagues otf, which lies between Cra>i^<mr and Man^'J^r.
and apiK-ars at that Dillance hko an liland. In that'pla. l-
the Needle varied 15° i<;' North- Well j having fpied a
Oaliot about a Le.igue olf, and the Wind varying about
to die North, we gave her Chace, but could not come ui)
with her. The 2Sth, being becalmed, wc faw a Ship
two Leagues to the Windward of us, and I fent Mt.Mon-
liuritr with twenty three Men in the Longboat, ordering
them not to board the Ship, but to command the Captain
to fend his Pilots and Purler aboard of us, and to acciuaint
him that 1 defigned them no Harm, hut only to know if
It was not too late to double Cape Ccmrin ; lometime alter
I_ l^iw our Long-boat board the Ship, and lomc Mulkets
hrcd, and alter that a Boat came olf trom the Siiip, and
made towards us.

T'he Calm continuing, and the Boat advancing but
llowly, I fent our SkilF U) know their News, wl,i: h I was
111 Pain to hear : Upon its Return I underllood that the
People in the Boat were live of our Men, three of whom
were dangeroully wounded. When tlitfe came aboard they
recounted a tragical Story, viz. that upon their Appioach
to the Ship, which was a large one, M. Moiiieurnr gave
them Notice to lower their S.iils, that they not obeyinu;, he
tired upon them two Brafs Guns, and aBioad-fideof Muf-
ket Shot, that thereupon they llruck, and lolJ him he
might board them if he would ; upon which our Men
boarded them upon the Qiiaiter-deck, and having killed
ail the Men abatt, thought themfelves entirely Mailers of
the Ship, when of a Hidden lixty or eighty Men Ibuted up
in the Fore-callle, and with Shields and Hangers in their
1 lands, fell upon our Men with liichFury, that they obliged
them to retire to the Boat. But there happened an unlucky
Mifchance, the Boat was fo belayed that they could not ilil-
engage her, fo that moll of our Men were killed with Pick-
axes, Arrows, and 1 land-tiianades, which were thrown into
the Boat, and the rell being forced to leap into the Sea,
one of them fwam to the Moor's Boat, and having cut the
Cable, laved himlelf, and the other four Men, without
tlaying tor the rell, who in all probability were drowned.

Next Morning I made all the Sail I could to come up
with the Ship, and having boarded it, found no body on
Board but fifteen poor old Wretches with white Beards reach-
ing to their Girdle, who with Tears and Lamentations
threw themfelves at my Feet, and rail'eil my Compallion
more than Revenge -, befules that, the five Men who were
laved, unanimoully alRircd me, that they did not lee them
in the Engagement. The Account I had from tliele Men
was, that the Ship having carried a Cargoc of IVpper to
Mecca, was upon her Return to Panama near Calient, to
which Place (he belonged, that themfelves were poor Peo-
ple coming from Mecea to beg upon that Coall, that the
Owners of the Ship, in Number eighty, had gone otl'thc
Night before in our Boar, with the Gold and Silver, and
the Boat being almoll over-laden, had left them behind.

Upon the whole, I conlidcrcd that thole poor Men were
innocent, and that the Ambition and Avarice of our Men
was the Caule of their Death, lince the Mecrs had llruck,
and defigned them no I larm, till our Men tell ujion them ;
for thelb Rcafons 1 Ipared the poor old Men. 1 found
aboard of the Ship a i!,ieat Quantity of Salt, D.ites, Wine,
two Puncheons of Opium, ibme hundreds ol Pounds of
Coral, fome Cotton Cloth ol Imall X'alue, Role-water, and
Knives, and I underllood from the old Men, that if our
Men had not boanled the Ship, the Owners would have
furnilhed me with forty thoulaiiJ Ducats of Cairo, which
is a Golden Coin worth about four Livres apiece.

20. Oiiober the 2d we wen: oti Cape Comorin in 7° r^o,
the Needle vi-.rying 14" 20 , the 'Tides bearing to the South,
having carried us tartlur ult'than wedeligncd. After that,
being advifed by our Pilots to lland for 'J leoiv rather than
Aiih-n, I lleered South-Latl, and South-full a Q^iiarter
Eall. 'I'lie nth wc had a violent Gull of Wind, which

lalkd

■J:

' is

I I

i«

J. I

r 28 7/v i\ X P EDIT 10 N of Commodore Rr m \.\ \.v. Book I.

iti^i

Lillfil lor two H(nir«, .vu\ Um after liaii another, which
broke inir I'Dfi- m.ilU iM-ini' tlien in i'^ n.' S. l.at. The
lith licing in T lo' S. 1 «U we Uw .i tew l.aml-KowK
whiih nude m hope to Ive the Land in a (hurt Time i
anil moll of my Miip's Ciew, m well ai that of the Ail-
vici Boat, lieinp then Tick, Sovmbtr the nth wc tame in
Sight <f Ijmi 111 i"4o' N. l.at. Init tlic Iirqiientnefs of
tlic Cahiis, an J the .Siiknrls ot my Men, retanlcil me
mit^litilv, tor tin- rninare haii not alxive two or three
MamlsVit tor Hiilincfs , and, in wir Sliip, thirc were not
eiglitecn that wore ahir to work ; iKfuUs, l)oth our Sur-
gioiis were dead. 1 ddcricd fcvcral Ship-! of that Coun-
try undir Sail, ...id put out a white Antiuit to make them
llerr towards us; at laft, Iwiding thry would not cortw,
I lent out my Skifl" to fpeak with one that UockI lietwren
(i> and the Shore, and thi>'thry cndeavouretl to niii alhore ,
yet the Skifl" came uo with them, and ai^rccd to give
ihiity-fivc Pieces of Light lor a I'llot lo coiidiwil lis to

'Ihry were of Priemnn, a Town alx)ut ei|',hr or ten
I.e.-.pius to the Southwanl ol Ikcw, and toKl our Men
that 7;uif lay alxnit Icvcii or light I.c.igues oil', beyond
lomc lllands ahead of ii<. Our I'ilot carried us inarer
the lora btrma th.m we wen- -, and when wi- came to lie
oft" of the above iiicntionetl llLiiids, tn«lr us put liack to
Sea. Having laffeil tliife Iflands, we came in Sight of a
high Fromoniory ot the 7cm.« lirwa, which had two
B.uiki, one about hall a League before its outmoft I'oint,
anil another almut two Lcigue;. to the S. L. ot it j and we
had cirtainly run toul of the l.ill, if one uf our Men had
not given us Notice of it from the Main Top-Maft, for
\vc could not (py it upon Deck, and our Pilot had told
us hoihing of till mattir. Having weathered this dange-
rous Place, and tUnding S S. K. wc faw another a head
ot us, alx)ut t!ic fame Ditlance from the lall. Wc lleered
Ix-twcc-n thcfe two, which he S. L. and N, W. fijundini;
all the Way, and had all along fixticii Fatliom Water,
ihe (rround muddy, with a linlc Sand.

I'he Night overtaking us, we were obliged to drop an
Anchor Ixtwirn ihrni. Thii Shoal lies otV of a Place
lalltd Viigftniin. \\\\\ under the Li]uino<J^ia!, which aflbrds
a (viat de.d ot IVpptr, m.iking a large C'reik, the Wottom
ot whicli is a low Country, covt-nxl with Wocxls, Init in
the inland I'arts there (lands an high Mountain, jKJintril
Ike a Pike, which is lien aliovc twenty 1 /-.igues oil", and
luns S. 1-.. a Qiiarter I". 1 Living we.uhered the I'oint of
iiusCrrtk, wcilclLiicd tlie liitre Itlands dI Ticou-, and, at
l.i'.l, li.iving liTHt two Months ujxin a Voyage that h
tonmioi.ly {■erlortiKil in eight Pays, landed at Tuow the
lit il Dtamtcr. Hctwciti th.it 1 itue arid the 2d ot Oc-
tal'tr J had loll twenty-live Men, and it the Caiin had
continued but tittetn 1)^)% longer, 1 believe I had loft all
the Men in my Mi)j>.

;i. Wc cail Aiiihor or Tic-jvo between the grrateft of
the IP.ands and the Ttrrn 1 :ima, at t>iur Katho:n Water,
and the drc'Uiid muddy, and Idit our Skill' afhorr, which
brouglit us one Ptdrg, who h.ul bem Interpreter to the
I:':X''J^J l-a(flory in t.'iat I'lace. Miis Intfrjirttrr told me,
tli.ii the I-ji^lij)j aiul DutJj had Ix-en exiK-lled by the King
«1 .f. /.'« two Moiitin belore, and that there was a great
lioal ot I'cppcr, but we could nut buy it without a 1 accricc
t:i-ni the king (il JJhx, who was Lonl of all that C'oall.
f Ic likewile acjuairf.d me that the Uofe, our fccoiid
Ship, had touched upon the Coall alvjiit twenty leagues
ofT, in the latter I'nd of July, and had fnit their Long-
lJ<jai widi filtccn Men to ihu. Place, to take in trefh Pro-
vif.or,'., which th'y wanted mifjitily. That ujH)n the
Boat's Arrival, a D-ttih Siiiji in tlic Road hred upon them,
tut, v.\\,n Luinplaint, ixcu:ed tl-.-mldves, j leading (hat
they toi^k them to Ik- litighjJ:. 'J hat the lil'tecn Men hav-
ing met With a kind Reception, and taken in what I'ro-
vilioi'.', i!i!-y wanted, fet out in fcanii of their own Ship,
but coi;!d no: meet v/ith it •, upon winch thry returned to
this Pia'e, where l( V' n ol tliein ilicil in Oihbcr-, tour went
Jor Aihtn in a D«/i/.'Ship, three lor Unniam in another
Duah S\u[\ ami one lontinuni in the Lountry, and eam-
ctl Ins llread by gathering ol I'cpper.

1 was mlinnely gri^ vcd to hear that Captain Gravf had
Inrtn lo incoufid'aate a^ to fend his LuriK Bout fo lar from

!}■" I

him, efjiefialty when I was intornyd that, ani.nuT the fit
teen Men he had loll, there weie two pnin ip.!!'!!',,,,,,,,,,
fanes and a Pilot. I'pon t.iitlKr l'n<|uiiy, />,v/r« |„.
tiirmcil me that the Place where the Hope h^d call An!
chor was a great llland, about iwmty l.e.ipi(.s to tl'-
Wellward ol that I'lace •, that he w.i.s allured tliey had not
fiitfered Shipwreck, cither upon that llland or .ilyn" r!"
Coaft, fince ihc Praws (lu the Ships of that Cnmrry .ire
called) going to and fro had never ililcovered any Wreik
That the two CommilHincs, Ufore thry dieij, wrrj ^i
Oi'inion that the Ship li.id Urn lirove from her Anchorj
by Storm, and not Jx ing able to make h;r lormcr .Statiun
made the bell ot her Way to Hanlnvi, vx^xxmr that t
would touch at this Place, according to my 1'rr.tiijfe an^j
take up her Men. As to the All'ront oliVred them by t),,?
Duhh, he told me, that the DuuL) kntw them to be
I-rtnth, having ljK)ken with them Ix-toir they tired : Tint
t]ie News of the Peace between tiic Dulib and the En-
glijh was arrived Ixrfore this hapi>ened : Ihat the Ihiih
had reprefented h) the (jovcnior and liic Inlnbitants ut
that Place, that the i'rincb were Uuhbir^, ami nuaiicd
only to obferrc tlie Landing-iilace, in w\.\i:x to lack ihem •
That they would not allill our two Coiinnili'jnrj any man.
ner ot way, whether in Health or Suknfl<, nor Cive dif
leall Relief to any ot our Men, bating Ibmc Uw S.iilon
that they flood in Nird of •, and that the I-i'ii/Jj |;^
ferved our Men to the iitmoll of theii Power. I le arf.
drd, that the (lovcrnor was very leidible of the Malice oi
the Duttb, who meant only to en(;rots the !mi;ci tot.'icm-
Iclves, and had but lately abufed the King of 'Jai\Urr.,
and ulurped iiis Territories, lor which Krulon tlie Kin"e'.
Aktn thought fit todillodgc them from 7/f«t;\

As to the Peath ol our Men, he (aul, it liad been a
very fickiy Year in that Place as ever w,^s Icen •, hut, attvr
all, the Dutchy.xn fuijiecled to have Ihortrned tlnirUavs,
conliticring thole who ilied were the IVrlbiis they hattd
n.oll, ami were not the Hrfl who had received I'oilon Iroir.
ti.eir Hands, witnefs the Death ot lirveral Enghjhmcn, oc-
calioned by that Means. I quellioiied hini alxiut tlit In-
iiiry done by the Dtiuh to ihc King ot Jmaira, and whe-
ther they had laid Siegr to Bivuam ; he alUirtd me tlut i:
was llill befieged, infomuc h that tlu re was no Comnurrc
nor Traflick with that City •, tlut the Dutch had poflcllid
themfclves of y<if«/r(», and expelled tlie King; tli.it thry
had razed the ancient City, and built a lirong Kurt and
City after the Faftiion ol tiicir own Country, which thry
had peopled with all forts ot Nations ; and, in line, thai
they were at tiiat Time Mailers of the Strai;;lit ct ^unli,
where no Ivxly could faii without their Palpcjit. Havir^
maturely weighed all the Particulars ot this Advice, 1 ;c-
Iblved to fend both to .khrn and to H.intam, at any rat?,
to have fome Account ot Caj^tain Grave and his Ship, tor
wholi: Condition I was greatly concerned.

22. Dectmber the id the Kintj and Governor allowing
me to come afliorc, 1 carried fome Prclcnts along \v;t:;
me, without which one will fcarce \x made welcome a
that Country. Upon my landing, the (jovm.ur and
principal Officers gave me .in honourable Reception, un-
der a Roof, or, as they call it, Baly. Having told t'lcm
my Country and !iulinel«, tiiey informed me that I wis
free to buy up what Provifions I wanted, provufed 1 paid
for them in Rials and Knives, and no other CoiiuiU)d:iy.
Hut, as for Pep|x-r, and the other Commodities ot the
Country, they ciwild not diljxire of any without a Licence
from the King •, but if 1 would go to .iibnt and. ohtain Leave
ot the King to ereift a Fac'tory with them, they would be
glad to deal with us. I alked I rave to hire a Huule in
the City, to accommodate my lick Men, and to nmau
afliore to buy up Provilions ; but iluy replied, they
could not .inlwer tor the Safety of my Men alhore, there
being lo many Rogues alxjut the J'own ; but, if I iLafed,
I might leave tsvo Men to buy up I'ruvihons, i:\'-'^ that
only lor the Sjjace of a tew Days.

i'he next Day I lent a letter to Ach:n, diredud for
Monf iiravCy Captain of tlie Hope, it he was tiiere, li.iv.
ing obliged the Maflcr of a Pi.iw Iwund thither, by I'nnf
I'rclrnts and Promiles of a Rew.ud, to carry it lo die Cip-
tain. I agreed with the M.ilKr ot a Praw tlui lived at
y»«a', to give liiin a luindicd Rials to carry one ft n^y

Men

i;hiip. n«

/(>

//v K A :•, 'i-I N i) i

J my Men alhon', t!i

Men to B'Vi!am or J.uMrJ, in (iirrt df tli( Uofx, piiivl.l.
filiir ntiirnoi iii iwinty D.tyi. I he Aitiil.> i,| X.i^u-i:-
,i,t„t wiitilr.iwn up in VVriimn, «i"' I" 'l',"' m tli'' I I.huI''

111 /'wWitlit /i«^/'/i Inlcipiritrj aiull'dih he ,inil tlicM.i-
lUr ot til': I'f-*^ ilclircd that hii Voyap/-- minlit In; tunaalnl
tiuin the (jovtrnor ami Iiiliubitanti (if Imw, '1 he (jo-

would mrds ri)?.il-. with iliem, flio' h;" (lifl':.iil''d i.iin.
'I'hr Ihlch l.a|it.iii) iU-qu.Uiitid him, tl.at Bitiilifi w.,'.
Iil'iikcd ii|', I'u tli.u no Siiips of any Nation coul.l ;.y t in •,
tlut the Hopt, which was then at yaaiirti, \u:\ bcrn in
j^reat DillrelJi upon that CoalU tii'iu Ixing only I'uiir or

, live M( n on Ho.utI, till a i)«/fi!j VclU-l rciiilora-d her j and

vcnur having fcntmc a HuIVaIu and li.nif I'liiit, 1 wi nt (d that the Mtrcigiits of ScnJ.j were intcllcd w.th the 7..-',-j
r.uiin him I'hanks, and, by Virtue ot Ionic I'n Inii', I madr I'mws and Caracaus, tiny having, from the King ot /;,;;/
i.;;n, obtained Leave to hue a I Inuli', in whuh I lodivd /,-/;;, a Sum ot Money tor ev.ry llr.'ud thvy kiilM, m
|„iiy-tlirii Ikk Men, witlitlir(eSun.',roiin,,( I'ik ll,.nulihM i what Nation ibcvcr.

i„nic to attend on them. In the nuan iimc, I l„id I. v. i.il Upon this Advice, M. Ifanc thought it rot I'lfc to f'o
I'aluits made mc d liuit anil yoiin|r, Kid^, iiaiiicularly fuithcr in a Fraw, but took thi; Opportunity of a \\?x\,
twin the (iuvcrn()r ot I'namiin, who piilletl ww t ,iriielHy the Malkr of which prnmiled to land him in Jacatru in
10 make hiin a Vifit : I rrtuintd luiii 'I hank'., io|^(ih. r I. vcn or ciglit Days. 'I'Ik- Mailer of tii'j I'ruv/ brou^^Iic
^wth lijnie I'relents, and a I'lomile lu wan upon liiiii the alfu a Letter from M. //.w concerning tlie foregoing Ac-
liill Opportunity. _ munt. 'I'his News ve X( tl me more than the formtr, for

The Stli an /khen Galliot aitiving, .iIVukiI mv that no I iiad politively ordered Ijhac not to Hup tor any 51, ip,
l'rti\cb Ship had toucluil at ./<//{■« i upon whuh I ton- but to go llrait on. Alter mature Conlktcr.uion, we rc-
(kiilcd that our Contort mult, ul iieitllUy, lir tiihrr lolved not to ^o to 'iaiitmi, where our Ship and Cargoe
at yfj«;.jw or y.-Yd/n/. The lotli thuc aiiivid three dal- might be in Danger, in a Time ot War; belulc?, tii.it
l,ii., belonging to the King ot .it/uv/, wilh un I'.h phaiit we lliould be obliged to fpcnd Jdiniary and I'ar:uiiy In
ar,>l three huni'.rcd Men in i.uli ol il|i m \ and ilie Inlialn- |',oing thither, and managing the T'ralJiil; of the- I'lrc,
ta:Usot ■r/itCi' .lequainted me, ihii ihiy ixp'i'l'd a tui- and Min-i would be too late a Sealbn tor leturning along
t.ir Ke inlortemriu nl 1 lc plianii .nul Mi ii, iiiorihr t<i this C'oall U) Achcn. At the fame Tinvj we ui.'iutil.e'l
u:iy on a War .againll a I'iium' ihai li.id r volted againll the Advice-Hoat with a Keinforcement of twenty Men l„r
i!',L- King of /A'i't'w. I'p"" till'' New-., (onjidi'iinn I h.i I 'Jatatra, in order to allill and liipply Captain Gi::v\
' ;y Men at 'liicw, and litiy inoie ,it ilie \\\a\\\\^ with whom we ordered to return to i'i\iiicc, if he could get his

ll\ Waiei-Calks, befulcs eight or Irn that were always out
v,;;i il;e Skift"; to that 1 had Imt tew Mrii |i|| oii lio.ird,
ili/,at tlie fame time, 1 iilWl lo have ii|',hiyor ainmdndof
tl.c N.itivcs on Hoard, lome by way ol \ui(, and others
lokll their I;ggs I'luit, I'ullds, 1 i|li, and otli> i I'rovi-
fions. Upon thcl'e tonlideiiilions I nailed down the
ILialns and run a Kail betwien ilu'gK.ii M.ill ,ind the
l.riMirt, which was tortilieil by iwn p^risif I'.idereroes
r.inir.tal on Wheels, and live iiune ii ;>on the llittaile, to-
piti-.it with .1 Guard upon the IVd., .iiul two Mulke-
i,;r5, with as many 1 lalb.ulii r. Handing ai a I )uor in the
la\l Kail, whleli 1 r.tver lulUieil to In tipi ncd Init wlicn

to return

I.aihnf:; at liantam^ or if he fail'd of it tlur.
lurthwith to jii/jcn, where lie would find us.

'//Vflw lies in twenty Minutes S. I, at. T'iic inland Coun-
try is very high, but towards the Siiorc it falls very I(AV,
being covered with Wooih', and watered with f.-vtral little
Rivers which render it niarfliy. It is tliequercd, with fjvcral
|)lealant Meadows, weil tlored v.itii HuHaloes .xrA O.xcn,
which may be purchaRd for four or five Rials a-piece. It
allbrJs I'lenty of Rice, Cattle, Poultry, Duck-, and fe-
veral forts of Fruits, futh as Durions, Ananas, Potatoes,
Mangoe?, Pomegranates, Orang:"-, Citron?, V,'ater-mel-
loii'. Cucumbers, tfr. The Rielics of the Co'.mtry con-
1 KCiived a N'ifitant into my C.ibbiiM lo that two hundred fill in Pepper, wliirh it produces plentifully, and whic'i

Nkn upon the DeckcoukI ilo m no in|uiy, while our Men
were upon tlieir (iuaril.

The 1 ^th I went alhon, anil fouiul my Men recover-
ing by degrees i being lo w.iit Upon ihe duvernor to alk
Love to Hay titteen Days long' r, he p,i,iiuid my Re-
qutft, but withal entreated me to go to ,/c/r«, and obtain
atieiiice of the king lor ereeting a IroiU' iMi'loiy,
which would be iniinitely mine aicepi.ibli in ihi: inhabi-
tants than that of any oilur Nation, i le hkrwile alviled
mi- not to be jealous ol ihe Inlialui ml', or tear any In-
jury tioni them, wiiieh it Uemrd I did, liiiie I had madi;
J fortification in my Ship, and luouiued more Guns than
btfurr.

1 nude anfwcr, that n,y loming fn crtteUtly .ifliorr,
;:vl l.'aviiig fifty liel: I'erlons in tlnir I kinds, was a fiilli-
ci'.s.t I'.vuknie of the Conlidt nee I pm in the Nativis;
th.it t'lJ D:.ri(.,n ot the 15.11 1 II r in my Ship, was only to
k;tpoutthok 1 did not know lioin running into my C.i-
bin, that lb 1 miglit be lapabf' ol dillini'.uilliing an Oi.m-
l.ay, cr a noted Cicntlem.ui, lioiii .( Iilhrrnian \ and that
1 lad not mounted lb many Pinei o| ( aiinon, if I ii.id
not ln.irJ that two y'lf/./' Ships weie expii'led here, ot
\^:ioin I had Rcalon to be j> .il.ui.. I Ipon llm, he told me,
thit 1 hai! a great deal moie Reijcui m inilliull the Duuh
tlunihein, and that, it I plealed, lie would I'pilnd the Na-
tives to go on Beiard of me: Hui 1 .ilium I Imii, they lliould
be at all times very wilionie, and thai I di>l not at all
wiftniiT them. Alter that, I viliied the Captains of the
thiec dallies, who alluied me a Inlli, that tliire luid no
trciub Ships come l.itely to ./. <'i''(,

2j. The nineteenth tlu King o| 7,'i'nr'«i ridell Son vi-
fit?d nie on Board, with a gie.u R ■iiiiiii', and 1 g.ive him
iht: bell Reitption I i.K.ki. 1 hai. Niglil the Pr.iw 1 h.id
kmii) Bantim retuu, ,1 in ikN.ii Days, an.l the Mailer
made the tollownig Repoits. I'oui Days .ilier they h.ul

is much more elleemcd than that of Bantahi \ r.s f jr other
Rarities, Drugs and M.i'iul'.ictuics, it affords none. The
City of Ttcovj is but a pitllul Phce ; it lies about half a
1 .e.i.gue from tiie Sta-litle, upon the Shore, oppoiitc to
t!ie little llland where the Ships ri le •, there are loine Hou-
lis, but both the City and Suburbs do not contain eight
hundred iloules, which art built of Reeds, and are nei-
ther llrong nor convenient ; 1 lowi ver, the Country is ve-
ry populous, efpecLdiy at the Ftot or the Mountains,
where the Pepper growi.

T'he King ot 'licox i; fuhj'.et to the King cf Jiic",
who puts in a new Governor every three Ve.'.ri, without
whom the King of -lico-.v cannot d.o any t!u;;g of Impor-
tance. So the Foreigners have more liuiinels with thu
Ciovernor than with the King; r.iy, the very Inhabi-
tants pay more Ref['eiit to him, ealling him Baniaran Li-
ma. T'he Inhabitants of the City are MaUyans, .and no
other Language is fpokon all along that Coaft. The in-
land Parts are poircHKl by the N.itives, who dilbwn the
King of AcLnnf. Authority, having a peculiar Langu.ige
and King of their own. I'hefe are Id.okittis, and eat hu-
mane Melh. 'I'hey h.ive rich gold Mints, but do not
know how to manage them, for they only gather rhc Gold
(Hitoffome little Ditches, which .ire not very deep, and out
of the Caverns made by Flood';. T'his Gold they exdiar.ge
with the Diitch^ or tiie Inhabitants near tlie S!v.-re, tor
Pepper, Salt, Iron, Cotton, Cloth dyed red, and Sura:
I'carl, which they ellcem mightily •, but among the Ma-
layans Ciold is as dear as in I'ruisa, and in A.bui it is
clearer.

Thefe Malnynns are all of them very luperllitious M:>-
haimih-dans, but withal, great Robbers, mlbniuui tint
the People are not late in their Huufes in the Nig'u-tinie,
and far lels in the Fields. They are of \n olive Colour.
Their Women are all kept up, and not fulVeted to appear

put to Sea. they arrivud at tlu Port ol Sunihya, whieh in the Streets. From Jny to OMer tU^ Aif '=" ^'^[^ ."'';.
li'sun the Coad ot Su,iu;>a, in 4' S, Lat. there being a healthy, being attended with Fevers t.ut leK.o.m a.iimt ot
D:ihh Ship II) the Rw.id. M. //./,u, the Man whom I a Cure j inlomuch that it it were not lor then tepper.

haJ fcnt on Board the Piaw, iniimllot the Viee-Admiial

N t .M U. 41;,

no body would venture to come near ttietn. They gat^.tr

Ml ;!

r.mAi

7;,o

-rhi- I: A PL 1) i i lO ^s "J LoN..;.uJun- lii Ai Mia jj^^y]^ |

1 ^'J •

1-1

!f^0'

A-

rctiprr at .ill ■riiiir*. htit crjm ;.illy isi J\\mh,r, J.ir.urs,
anil l-ilruary. N.> Irailc can l>c larririi on ar tins I'latc
witlunit a Lucncc Iroin the Kinj; ot ././ex, w.'iuti ih-y
rail Cl'.i/ifj, or (.'/''•r. and i* )"" ''•>vi' 'Hat, nnthcr tii<-
(Jovirnur, nor the King, ran ililhiib you. For want ol
it, I coiiKl nritlur Icll any Cintnotiitits nor buy any
lVp]Hr, cx.rjitini; ahnit 8ooo l'')inu!s that was liiwiiglit
by Night lioiu I'riduiaH, aiul lold nif at a rcaJonaDic
Price.

'1 he ^«r,i/ Con-.moJitic'' RoolT vrry well here, as will
the .^/j/w/;/''"''" t'oinmotlitiis. Rials an- cvirimt enough,
but the Mon.y ol /A ten Jim s not yM\. All tin ir Money is
hnic Imail Pmcsol Ciul.l tliatiomc- Ironi the Mim>', whirh
th<y wii^^h with S.alisi iikI lill th ir IVcixr lyUah.ns,
a Weipiht nmtaimn(5 1 1 ;; I'ouml. .hir,:upoij, ainl the
Kirg ol ..'(M; has t j f.'r Co:!, of all that i:> loK!, tli.it is 7
anil an half lor the 1 ,"xix)rt ol the IVpixr, ant! 7 aiul an half
for the Import of tlie Rials, or Ccnmu'iiitirs giv.'H in I'.x-
ihange (or if, this Culloni is iitliir panl in Coinmoilitic-,
or it) Riaf, ivcr valiium tlic prune Coll. Mtli.li; the
abovc-niintioinj Iinj oft fur ivny luHuircil Hah.ns, we
pay twinty-fivi- Rials to th:- Kn.g of '/■/ccif, ami a ijuar-
tcrPart to the W'eij^lier, ar.i liniic inconfuli r.iblc .\lli,w-
antc to l>n or twelve IVrfons more. But aUjve all, one
miift iiu'^e the (lovcrnor his FrieiiJ, ami have a watth-
(iil Fvw- over all th.: A/j.'jvdwj, w!ij arc apt to wet tlie
IVpptr, or to put .\inil am! little Stor.is anioiiR it.

24.. JanUiiry x\\i: lull 10:1, luviiu; brought 0:1 BoarJ
my Ikk Men, who Ixg-in to rii:-ver apace, 1 wnglieil
Anehor, aiui IlicrcJ tor .tilai. Ihc fourtcdu.'i wi- wire
oft" of B.-rrcs, one of the moll tonliilcrabic I'l.uis on that
Coall lxlon(;iny, to the Kin^ of .-A/'rir, where no I'erlon
can traffiik without the Kinj^'s Leave, This I'laee is half
Way bctwein 'Ticou.' and .liicn, ami ali'uuls PKnty ol
Ikniamm, whiili fetvcs ilv- Native for Money. It is a
plralai.t Country, alviunuii'i; with all forts of \\\.. ^ anil
lTu;t\, but iKars no I'lpjKr. It artunis Plenty of Can.-
phire, which is worth fourtem or fifteen Rials tiie Catti,
or twenty-eight C)unce.s. Rials will liarce pais there, liut
the S-jrj:, 01 Coall CommcKiiii.s, go olV very well. iJ -th
the Inhalvtanu ol the Coall, ar.,1 tlic Duub anJ I.-'x-i/l,
buy up their Campliire to carry it to Hurat, anil t!ie Strait
ii\ Seitu.i. Tlie twei ty-t!)iril we lieltrieil tl.c high I Jnils
of ..'(km, anil the IflaiiJs that he to the Sca-waiJ of that
Ro.id. \Vc (IikaI liircctly for tii.fe lllamls, but it was
light Days l>cfore we coul.l nuk? them, notwithllamiiny
tl'.at we were but luur l-eii;ues ol',"-, lor, waiitini^ a I'llot,
we took the Channel that lies luanil t!ic l.inil, \shere the
contrary .^. li.. Winds incomminl'i! us vtry iiiuih-, at lall,
with iiujih aii", we weathered t!uin about a I .e.n;uc ami
a half from the Ro.ul, which Iks op[«)fue to tin .Mouth
ui a Rivrr, u[V)n winch there llamis a 1 ort, very uiiiaik-
able tor Its Molquc.

The thirtieth I came to an Antlior jull by an Eng!ijl<
Ship of 6co Tur.s that rov'c tin re. Immeiiiatcly a lij.it
came off from Shore with kveial of the King's OfJiceis,
and ore of his bunuch's, carrying a Ciap^H-, as they call
it, wi.ith is a Dagger with a \^yt\^ Handle and Scibtwrd,
l>clon['ii j; to the King, nude i,k- of tor a U-uiijc, or Sign,
that the I'erfon ssh > bears it i'. loniniiiruinid by the King.
Alter a piofuuf.d Silence, he wiio carrned the Chapj<c
welcomed mc in the King's None, ai»J ordir'd mc to
lome fojihwiih alhorc. Aecorilingly I niaiic inyftll rea-
dy, but Ixforc I could coiiiC otf, I \sas oljligcd to pay the
Officers Dues, which amounted to abiwc eighty Kuh,
iH-fidcs a great I/)oking gials for t!ie h.unuih, .la.l another
tor a I'riend of hi'^, and lome fnull ones lur his principal
Oliivrrs. This done, I came alLoie, wh-te the Captain
ct tlie Er.j^lijh .Ship invited ine vuy kiiuily to Dinner, and
to lu.'ge i:i his Houfc. I accept' d his Invitation to Din-
ner, and was very handfomclytiiteiiained. After Dinner
I wtiit to hjok iiix;n a Houf:-, aid olTcred lorty Rial, a
.Moifh fivr it, but coukl not have it under litty lour. In
i!.- ni.m Ti:jv.-, the lin^Ufij (. ajiain coinplaiiieil hcivily
ut tlic King, liiat !;•,• wouK! not ht them have the i'l pper
under iilty-t'our Rials the Balur, thu' dnrty Rials was as
inuih a> ir was wortii. l-iiidi;.g that I could not fi)eak
with the- Kini; that D.iy, and that t!ie King h.ul lent his
C.'.n [x; tv.i'.c tgr z-\ tmeralj I vsort on my 1 ii.gcr, and

iti!

Would nut Ik- fitivlied with my Piomlfcf brinoif,,,
ntxi Day, I wc nt on Board again. '^ '^

On the lull ot t,l>riuity 1 ,,,iiu' adiore a-ain ami'
tli'\V,iy nut lome/ '«r,'H^'/,fzr, whom the Kuum,! 4p
h.id l,«d in honv, and who told me, that the '/)„/, i 1
hng!i/h had a Ddign to piio,, me. 1 1„|,! thpni I lin
biheve the /.«x//yi wouKl do me any harm •, ll„«,.vr I
woiikl br u^ion my (iuard. Thtv replud, th.,t it | \.' .
to dine with tlir l:ii>//jh Captain that D.iy, I wmil | r ■ '
return, and veiy alleCtionat.ly beggul me toavoi.j it i,,'
ciule they had no Hopes ot Umg dchvrred Imni'tlV
Captivity, but thiough my Mears. But alt.T all. ,,u,'J
ant to my I'romile. i went and dined with ilir'f^^V'i
Captain, Mr. Koirr.'s, who tieitnl mc vrry kMu'ly'ariil
haiulfoniely. and g.tve me nothing to cat „r ,|rink but
w';at he and the nil ot h:s tompany touk I'art nt ;\|.
ter Dinner the Kings Oilicers came for the I'lnerail"
whii h I gave them, and told me, I could not lj.r,ik with
the King till the Day alter, 'I'hen conliderinj; th.it I wi,
tiou ikluiiie to the J:ntil./b I aptain, anil th.it' it w.is ni,i
my Intercll to Knigc with him, I agreed to (^,v« Hiiy Ruj,
a Month tor a 1 loule.

On the feioiul 1 wa« taken with a violent I.oofrpt[
and Voiv.itmg, and !)eing apprchenlive i,t w!i,it tlic Pcrtu-
;ftt/s^ had told me, took lome i\/.;/,/;r.| Cocoas, witli fV,-.
/.oar, which in that Country arc reck'nud a li)verci-"i
Counter poiliin. Nixt Day I wrnt alTiore, win re I nit
witli 1 ad News, '^iz. that the Dui(l< and A>i:;.'//y hal tj.
ken the iUfe olf ot liiiiil,irii, and lliared the C.iti'in' a: J
inurdcrcii moll ot the Men, ami that they wiuil'd do as
much to me if they were able, i'his Difcovtry can;c
from a Duhhnuiii, who Ixingdifobliged by hisCciintrymni
liad taken i'rotiiti.-n under us and kidged in one .Apartniint
ol th.e I luule I had taken. I was unwilling to take this .Man
on Ikiard, by realm that in a forniir N'oyape 1 was ijul-
kngcd at liantiim for li.iving Ihitihmen on Biuid, andthoio
1 had, who were the moll uUlul and neci liary OlHcers m
my Ship, were taken from me-, but alter all, lii.diiigt.'ui
tiie bellow was ie.idy to turn Moif, an.l that he Ipoke t!;,:
I -iiiguage ot the Country naturally, ami ir.ight be i,!f.
Uil to mc as an Interpreter, I told him, if lu- w<ni!J lie
i iole, without giv;!ii.; any Notice to the Dutch, or L>i{i:;':,
1:11 I was ready to fail, I would do my utmoll to cciiivt:.'
him on Board-, lor i\dro, the hu^li/h Interpreter whuin j
had brought Irom liicnv, had thin kit my Service, Ivi;-
cheikel and thriat< ned by lUc l:iii(.'iih l-.u'tdr f .r ent-r-
iiig into It, and hatul by the King's Oititem, who nixj.t
my fiiu; ling at fitll to pay tlie Duties, thought he "h.ul
luj',gelhd to II. c l<):iu thing to their Difuis'antage.

In tiic mean I'line. one of our Men, that h.ul bnn
dunking With the /.«;;///?» Seamen, pumpeil our of rliem,
that tluir S!ii|). in Company sviih the Dmrb Slup, had gi-
ven (. hal.-, in ihe Straight of SmJa, to a \'elk I which they
ti.>ok lobe Irench, and the Duulnifn tailing behiml, wa;
mad tli.it he lould n. t coine up with her. but their .Shi;i
Ix-ing the better Sailor. m,ide up to them, and louiul it
was an Jjiglijb \'cli'el, upon whicli they f It her i that be-
lore 1 lamt into the Road, they hearing I h.ad not twenty
lound Men, had a Delign to take me v but linding, uixj:i
my Arrival, tiut 1 was lo llionir, they diopjxd ihcir
D. (Ign.

1 lie Ek^I.j}} Capt.iin told me, that the Duhh Adn.i.a!
alTumed the Authority of King of 'Jacatra, and Ihewa!
me a fort ot Money, halt Silver, half Copper, that he
had coined in that Country, Ixanng on one Side a Lion
With a Hanger iii one Hand, and Airuws in the other,
.nil! on the Reverie i'rjjeilum, in Roman Letters, witii
the Date of tlie Year underneath. The touriii I kej t uii
Board, and recnved Advice Irom the Stiore, that x Draii[;ht
was a brewing lor me in the b.ni^ltjh Ship. The l.vth 1
svas invited to Dinner on Board the Kn^lifli Ship, where
KnUmhr.inl the Dutib b.ictor was to Lu- prell nt, I riti.rr-
ed Thanks for ail their Civiluies. and j)roiiulid to wait upon
tliem, it I was n(-t obliged to go alliore to an Inii rvi w v\
the King, or if I was, to find Ciptain Ridiiii toluppiy my
I'laec 1 next Morning I went alhore betimes, and lent mV
I'.xiufe to the Ennlijh by C aptam liiMiU, whom I actjuaint-
ed with tlie Re.ilon of iny .•\bl(.n(.e, and camioncJ liini to
b.- uinjii his C'Uard

' h

f' -t '

11. 1

iiook 1.

'"!'■'•• ••'■ I'ringing it n,

'• »^"\'^ ■K\M, and by
'""' ''•'■Kim',.,f ,f/,/,

'";!■' t'lni,, IdKlnot
■my lurin; linwcv.r I
••<t1"'I. tlutil I v.'pt
'" ''•»y, I winiL) n, -.vr
i;ul nic t.) avoul j,, |^..
K «l<livrrcii tr(.m th i;
• U>'t alt.T ail, pu,|„.

'IIIUVI Will, ,)„. /,^.,^,;^

'' "ic vrry ki.u!Iy^an,l
t; Id cat nr ,lrin|- but
.117 look Part or. At-
I'H- tor the I'lncrakl,
I ioi,kl net r|„.,,k wii!,
I conlKlcrip.. th.it I wa,

". .IIUl th.lt It W,f, |„,;

IjrecJ to i^.vc fitly Kij;^

ill a vii^lfrt LoofcpiU
ilivp ot w!ut tlip Pcriu-
"'"'•'"' C-'')Coas, With Ik'-

riik'iiHil a ii)vcrci'',;i
t .itTidrc, whirc I nit
/f/i and /■ n^.ijb hi.\ u.
Ilurc\l the tatj^of, a;;J

tli.it th.-y wiuilvl ik) ai
I'hi* Dilcoviry cati'.c
galliyhisCVtiiitrymrii,
oil^aimoncAjartir-.r.t
iwilhn;', totakithi,M,in
i<r Voyapc I wasdul-
ntft on BoiiJ, atui thoi^-
ml iirciliary Ofiktrs n
ut attiT all, liLdinij i'.m
, an.l that he Ijiokt; t!;-
ly, aiul iriglit he v'^.
I hull, it Ik wimlJ lie
) the Dutch, or t>ij(i:ji:,
) my iitnidll tu rmivc/
,'/;//> Interpreter wlioin I
I Ictt my Strvicc, Lv.-^
.iig.'ij/' lai'tor t'l.T tntft-
it;'s OiHurs, who iiixja
Duties ti.might he h.ii!
r l)iraJvai;ta[.;i'.
:r Mt-n, that ha^l been
, pumpoi out of :hcm,
I he Daub Ship, had gi-
, to.i\'cn.l whiih t'xy
woi tallint; bfhuul, Wai
nth her, but their Shij)

to them, and found it
1 ihcy I ft licr ; that bc-
eariiiR I had not twenty
mc i but finding, u|xj:i
iL', they dropped their

that the Dufib Adn.i:a!
it "Jaca'.ray ami Ihiw^'d
•, halt Copper, that he
iiig; on one .Suit a l.iuii
d Airovvs in the otlur,
1 KiHiian i.ettns, w:l!i
Tlic tourih I kept on
he Shore, that :l Draiii'jit
ijh Ship. The l.xih I
the Kn^Ufli Ship, where
to Ix' prelint. 1 reti.rr.-
id promil'ed to waitii;)on
Ihorf to an Intervi' w ot
tain A';i/.V to (iipi'iy my
re bctinu-s, and lent my
l\^dlt, whom I aciiuaint-
e, and cautioned lum to

CIu|

II.

to tU K A Si -4 X I) 1

.'>.

731

, . Av Toon a* I w i'- .iniore, I (kancd and prqurnl the
p kilt I ddinii'il lor the Kill'? ot /Ithtn, and wiilial,
nuaning i" «>bk^' '""> •'" ""''''' •'-' I'olhbK look a bl.mk
l^itrr whiih 1 li.id I'y nic, w.ili the Kiia>'s .Sialallixnl to
It, and having addrtHWl it, lo our ,l^.„rjl Brother the Km?
fj Mh'U '•■'I''' it *''•> "■'' ^^ •»>■■• b arinn the ImiiirinoVi
Jl tlie Arms ot l-him(. That my I'lellnt minht not be
y.Mirthy "I my I'niifi '!> whole Name I dcli|^i,. d to pre-
I „tit, 1 M ip.irt the toll(.wm[', tlunivi lor that Ule i the
loinpI'M' Armour it a I lorf'-man t arveij and gddei', a 6Vr-
»„» ! l.in!?er, witli a rarved and jvit I lilt i ujkhi which
lui It',* I'll'"'. ''" M'i'keis the Uarieis ot which were paitly
uivul. it'i^^ l>-»i,ily r.'l'< •'"■ Hiii''iidstni idled with Mother
ot I'e.irl, two 1 liUils ot I'lkis enamelled and ijdded, a very
I, , lx)okiii|', dial', whuh was biokm i but 1 pretended 1
hail received it entire, and that I iluill not but deliver it at
any rate, luvinR reieivcil tiie Kinj.',', Orders to that 1.1-
te.'ti two l.irt;e 1' talks lull ot txell; nt Kole-Watir, and
two l'ii«i ot watered Lambht (.la Crimlon Colour.

1 he C.il>talii ot the Surnt \elUI came to lie it, and told
nic It was l'> in.i!V'il"-''"t a I'lcleiit, that it was more tit tor
the tJr.at Mo^til hi;. M.itler, tlian tor the King ot Jch)i.
T.'ic Ki:'.i;'* Oliicrrs ramc alto to our I lonl'e to take an li.-
vriiiwy ot what 1 ihligned to pn T :it to their Mailer, and
rivc ine to undirlbnd, th.it ilay hareil the I'relent 1 de-
l; icJ was not conlidcrablc enouj^h lor tlitir I'rince, who
WIS a great Sovereign, and had but lew I'.quals in the /«-
j,,.,. I replied, that 1 was not unaequaii.t.d with the (ir.iu-
j;,ur (lithe Km;', ot //fZifw, and at tlu- lainc time 1 knew
tiij V..lue ot the I'rekiu, which ilid rot come Iroiii a pri-
v,i[eMan, but Iroin a puillant I'rince, and merited a Uecep-
l;„ri troin any I'otenutte wli.itever ; and witlul, that n.y
Malhr h.id given mc nothing clli: to prel.nt. 'Ihe Stii 1
Wis condui'ted to an Audience t:) tlic Kinj^ by the Sabaii-
iljr, and lour of the prii.iipal Dran.kays with two l.le-
phants, and that witli'th-: lollowing Ccremor.i.s : Upon a
rtMt Elephant fat one ot the priniipal Oraiikays in a cciVei-
ft! I'ulpit, who iei;t nie a great .Silver iJilli covered w :th a
Coth, embroidered with bold and Siik ot diveis Coluuis,
m which 1 put tlic 1 .etter, and tlicn gave it to him. H/
h' Command one of the Orankays mounted the other l.k-
l>li4nt, aiul after liiin the .Sabai.i'.ar, then 1, and alter me
another, to that four ot lis lojc upon one iilcphant, and I
btUtween two I'erlbns.

The o:h;r two Or.iiikay. rode iijjon .'rahian 1 lort' s be-
furc the 1 leplunt that carried the Letter. Iktirc th.i;i
wre fourteen or lifteen Men, each ot them carrying a I'l ic
et the i'relent covered witii yellow Cloth, without which
ni.thing coukl be prellnted to the King 1 li.x Trumpet.-,
IW Uiuiir, and lix H.iuiboys ltd the \' .u\, which loumiiel
tilwf ariived at the Callle, .ilwut a li.igue oft". In the
Kt,;r tollowfd three Sebandars, aiul all tae Orficers of the
.■\ihandeiiue on Foot i when wc arrived attheCalUe, we
aV^lited at a great I'alaee before it, aiu! when we entered
th'- (inter Ciai , all the Men were obliged to retire: I'lien
»e palled two otlur ( .ates i 1 w.is ordered to put oli"my
.'^ i.S without whiih Ceremony 1 could not have An. li-
me of the King; lome time att( r the Koyal Chappe w.is
:./.ight, and being lirlt p'Ut ii;t.) my I lands, then railid
...vA-e my Head, and re-delivered to him that brougiit it,
1 W.1S ordered to follow it, being accomjianied by a ii.iban-
ur .-ind .\n Oraiikaye.

We waited Ionic time at the King's Clumber- Door,
v.hith was covered with Silver I'lateT At kill an I'unueh
. nie our, who gave the Saband.ir to undcnhmd, that tho'
!';-• King was more indiliioled that Day than utiully, yet,
a> 1 was lb near, he iliould biing me in -, upon which 1 was
i >1 into the Chamber by two Men, one holding mt by each
H.m.!, and ft iij-on a iur^y Carp.t with my Le{:s acrol's,
ctording to the C ullom ot th.ir Country. 1 hen the two
•Mrn retire.l, and I l.ihited t!ie King in the ullial b'.irm,
■;. by joining my 1 lands and littmg them up to my
lorche'ad, bowing my 1 lead a little, liie Cultom eloes
.'it oblige one to't.'.he otV oius Hat, but 1 being Uiiac-
'il.mieil to apjK-ar bclore IVople ot that CHi.il;iy with
'■": lilt on my I bad, elide to put it oil'. The Kinp, lat
1 na I'l.ie, alHjdt two loot hii'Jur, and informed me by
;ii- .Sabandar, that he wa, intimiely (.bligeil to the Kingot
;V.M(" for the ricleiH ti- h el leiu him, wlu(h lie elb.'cined

mof thin ten »aliar\ of GoM. Tlini he oiiciifil tlie Let-
ter, .ir.d gave it to nie to interpret t') the Sabandar, who
iindeillood a little Poriiij^u.z: : Hut his Knowledge of that
I.angtMg" was f. very impcrlert, and the Stile of the Let-
ti-r l(. uncommon aiiKini', them, that I could not ni.ike hitn
underltand it \ lor the very tirll Word, viz. Majt ll.'itjiri-
otr \m him to a llaiid ; upon which 1 turned it to ./,.;r,y?
Hrciher, which the King liked mightily, faying, rhat he
knew very well Chritlian I'riiicts uled to ulhcr in tlicir Let-
tirs by I'uih lvx|reHions.

Atlalf, liiice I (oiild not make the Sabandar undt (land
every Word of the I.itter, I repe.ited the Subftance of it
in Ihurt, r/z. I'h-it his mofl ChrilHan M.ijetly defircd his
Mightiiu Is to grant me a free and undilluibeti Tratl'ck in
hnT'erriton. s and piomilcd, in like manner, to protiift
his 1 ligh MiiJitii.el'.'s SubjtiHs, il any of them Ihould hap-
pen to come into his Kingdom : That he defired nnthing
more than that a Commerce In tween his Subjects and thole
ot .khcn llioiikl bring him to ttie Knowledge of lb great a
Prince, and that he had lint him a I'refent of Anns, a
l'.itterii ot the Mamilaeture in which his Niilijei^U excelled.

This done, tlie King at (luaintrd me by the Sabandar,
t!-..it 1 w is both welcome and late in his Territories ; that
as to t!ie Hulinels ol Tia'.le, the Dutch and Er^Hjh til'cel
heietotore to have I'eppcr in his Country at an (aly r.itej
but now t;..it they had Ihewii liidi llaming Ingr.uitude, in
making. War upon the King of lim.uim, who had formerly
voudilaled th-m a kind Reception, he had thereupon
cauled all the I'epptr Plants to be cut down, for fear lierc-
atter they Ihould prove the O, iifion of 'I'roublc j that by
this iivans th' I'riee of Pepper w.is railid to hxty-iuiir Rials
t!ie Bahar, and that even at tli.it Price he did lu-t much care
to let tluin have it, knowing them to be an ill lint of
People, t!fat wMild rob and pill.ige, anil do any rhinij in
order to cngrol's the Trade of the 'jmlwi to themieives.

1 replied, that the Ir.tuLnce of that Nation, in offering
to dethrone Kings th.it have Ihewn them Civi'i'iis, would
be a lurpn/.ing I'iece of .N'ee.s in France; that tor my part
1 was llruck with Amazeir.ei.t to tind tliat a People, who
preteiulcd to n(,thing but lair Merclumlize, a;ul whom thii
King of France had long protee'ted again!! the Sptuiiardsy
Ihould on this biide of the World fliglit u"-, and ui'c all
means to ilo us Injuries ; and that in regard I h.id no
Commiliion to ule any m.inner of Violence, or to fortify
any PI.k e, but only to lell and buy in a tair Way, 1 ought
no: to be ranked with a N.ition whole very Converi.itioii
I avoideil. Upon this the Kin;';oidereel l()!ne Sallad to be
;.',iven me in a large tio.'d \'ilVe!, and a .Suit (;f Ins i^loachs
l.:id upon a Silver Platter, which he ordered me to put on.
1 laving retired to the next Chamber, and put on liisCloaths
a'-ove my own, I returiuel to his M.ijelty, who told me,
the Arms my Mailer hail f nt him woulil be very lirviee-
able to him m the Siege ot MiiLicca, which lie had in his
\'iew, and alked me, if I would accomp.my him thither ?
I replieel, 1 Ilioukl place my flipre.im 1 l.ippinel's in doing
him any manner of Service : Tiien he put levira! (^uetlions
ui me about the Age, Puillance, txr. of ,iny .\'.(!ter, and
when 1 told, him th.it my Mailer was in Peace with all tho
W ( rid, partuulirly with the Grand S- i['nior, he laid he
woiikl enter into a llrui Alliance with the King of /'Vd/n^ ;
This eione, 1 was mounted upon an Elephant, and con-
due'tcil home.

One tilling happened upon my firft fetting ci:r, in order
to a!i .Aiidiin.ce of the King, that I mull not cir.iti lull as
1 wMb mounted upon the Elephant, the Dunb and F>[^i:J/J
Coiiiniil'.iries, with twenty or thirty of tlieir De; em^a ,..,
having hid ihemfelves in a Porch of the Eagliih I'Li'le tliac
W.IS lull ciipolite to mine, lei/.ed upon the ^ii,cl.'ii;an I
mentioned above, whom 1 deligred to make ule of as an
liUeri)it ter to the King. Heing then U!>on the 1: lepl'ant, I
could nut conveniently get ilown, but 1 ie['refent;d to the
Sabandar the Impudence of thole Men, in ol";\n..g to lay
Hands upon one th.it was carrying l-'r.. !•.:■. Irom !iis \ia-
jelly of hrance to the King of .Ihen, ani! prei^ I him to
Older the Dutchman to be releafed. Th^ Saban.i .r replied,
ho woui'd t.ike care of it, but could not llo[i at t' it Time.
When 1 had Audience d the King, I importuned the Sa-
bandar to let the King know my Releiitment of that Ac-
but he told iiK- u \vaj nut a proper Time, and tii-

King

1 -•f

\ I

1;..

iri -,,1

lion.

v; '■ I

The ]'. A /' Eni J K) A' f>t I jmwo.lnu' Bi ai i.ii.l

li«K)k I.

iif

KiPR perrrivintj I wjiit^il to Uv lomrfliinn, .ilkcil tin- Si-
ImihIm wlut i( Mjs^ wlu> ti'plKkl, lie tlul mil uiuldll.iiul
iiif.

l'|v>n tliiit I went iKxf n.iy ami viHtfil i!ir ()r.in'..iy
l.,!\imiiKf, • f>!iril I .ivouriK i>l ilu- King's in>.l iiuilt liiin
4 l'nlci\t of t*« ArqiRlui/f*, .» I'utr of walcrnl Caml Ul,
4 RiMcil Hcjil piitc, a I .iMikmn [»l.»ls, iix Im |Hrii i.iiii>,
anil two iihis Ihiiin. He rrnivul inc very gracionlly,
aiul .ilttr Iviiu- Dilxiiirli- I iiniiinnrit «> liiin (he Sdiry nl
tin- I'^uiiim.iM, wliniii I I'rtfmliil U) luvr cntnf.iinfil, Ik-
caiilc he laul he li.ul Ifrn tiirnurly iiiulrr eluOrankayN
I'tcittftion » liiit ilic (Vaiikay loKI me, iliit il ilie PuiU'-
man IjkI any IikIi (lung, \\v wj^ .i C'hr.K .iiul ,\ VilUnu
Next Day, lo |>t(Vtn< .ill tuilh-r I'DriiU'on Idix- «itli (he
kig!ijb, I Ihut u|> (he liuii <>l <nir I lm.|(' (hit wa* o\\*>-
lite (.1 thtirs, loi they li.miKrvl th;' Mnili- jMiprdMlly, To
t!iai I cuuKl nm I'.o or lay a.y tiimj; w;()i(.ut thi ir Know-
luk'o i IxfuUs ili'y truiu iitly villtdl my Cdiiimiilanci
anJ I'urlirs whuh mailr rue liiljv\t {!ia( tliry ilclijjiRil
clihtr tu tio (hrm an Injury, m (o |)um{< uut of them an
Acto\in{ of my I K lii',n<.

io. On ih^' I ith, Ix'inf; tailed (n I'lieak with (!u King,
he IhiwiJ nie (li«- two I'lkr heat! > I ha! pre lentri! hini w iih,
wl.iih aUvi (he larvril Wcrk wet, a( lirll loverril with
an 1 namcl InlcMi:, I iit tlie Kinjr li.ivin^ p.iven ili' ni timne
of !ii\ own (iol(llnli(h^ to Iw caivnl ai.il ^iililri', tl>e I'aint
went oil' a* loon as tiie (JolJliiiitli put ihi.m in (he I irr, fb
the Kin(t want.>l to know if I rotiM think ot any Unly dut
couKI \ i!( thiin to ri[;h(s a^ tjx y were. I (ol,l hiin I kiu w
none i ij|><in ^^!ll^h he t.ailui th< poor FiiIo\*'s i laiuii to be
I'ut >>iV iliat li.itl |iut th< m into the I'li.'.

'riun the Ki' c toM nie, he hcaul I ha^l afi'ilillinithrm
Hoanl, iiu! ikl'tel 1 would oi.lu I. in to ri.inul a lari-e
(i-'l King of his th.it wtiftiuil alKjVc an Ounrcf svhiih he
(it... <1 (o me. Th ■• I'lincc wis very (urioui in ail l.i-

f)Kla!y I... (toKlfinitli's Wares, for In- h.ul aNvc tlirei
lun.'rtd fioli." s'*'is that wrought I'aiiy lor him, ami he
flieweJ mc a gre.« N.... rof SCines, ibme lit, K nif not,
wh.L.'-. for the moll juit werr hcr'v! it the liuls, hvcral
Necklaces ai. ! Cluif.s of larpe I'.meraiiU, CaHarks or (iar-
(Dents al'icr tlmr Fafluon, eml^tipuleieil with Jrwds, ^rtat
VVllrii of Golil, (ovrrrd wah Jcwih, a jireat many
Swords, llangtis, and D.iRger', lovrrcd all with JrwcK,
both ii|>on th- I liiti am! Scal'hah's and a v.iil NuinlK-r
of (.'(ijil C.lalj>s to I lit niKin the Callaiks, an I told tw that
he h.i 1 a'.HJVf thrc! llu!iias of (i-iKI id LalVaiks and I lalj-s
aiid that fix Days woiiid not luii'.ce lor takirg a View
of all his Jewels and Stonej. _ ,

Whithi r Ik laid thi-. out of Oftrntati.^n cr rrt I cannot
tel! ; hut the (^rrati 11 I'ait ol what 1 f.iw were laihtr Stones
<:f Sinw than N'a'iir : 'I'ho' afta nil, I m.A\ ow:-, he
Picwtd r:e lomr that wire very luh, (artiailarly three
Diamoiuls that ir.iv,l,i wti;;h liorn lilton to twauy Carats
apme, two verv lai;> K>iL,ii s jnd an Inurahl that i.t }■/ t
in the C'.nijirlt of l',rj, whirh ss as one of the Livelitlt
Stor.cj 1 tvtr faw. Alter that I let our (iol.lliiiiih to
work for the Kinp, .ind svas lorry I had oiir on U-jird,
Itinc, apprdiinfivc that il the Kirg hkeii la. Work, he
wouli! ntard us to {;< t his JrweK enamelled.

1 luvi.i^ (Xtafion to huild a I onp-lxiat to fiipi>ly that I
hill loil, I Wilt to tie Orai.kay I^xfinaite to .lefire he
»oi:ld obtain mc a Liirnee for the tuttm!', ot Wixxl in the
Iflands oppolite ta tie- RoaJ, an>i let tiir have his Hoat,
wl;ii!i cairied aUnit liftien Tun, to bra j/ the Wood afhore.
He gunted my Krqurn, ii|X)n tlu- t (inlideration of pay-
iri^ hiin twu.ry Riais a Month lot iiu !J<iat, sshuh wasia-
ciffd extrava^;.ir-.i!y dear ; but I was obliged to give it, or
tif. I had not had the King's l.i. nite lo ealily.

The |(jth the Kinj; lint a .Salandar to invite me lo
DiniHr 1 when I came, I fowml tlu King i.i a lijuare I lall,
the l-'kjor (jf ssliiih was lovcrcd ssiiji a /x<r«,v Carp t, iijxjn
whiili he made me fit down; and alter he hud ordered
f jme Sali-id to l)e giv\n mc in a large g'jiden Dilh, l.he Co-
ver ol sslmii wai let all (;ver with baixrakh, and alkrd
fome fjiiclboi,.. comrrning the drandeur and I'uilianie
of CJiiillian I'rincis then- came ali<iut thirty Women,
tirli of wliith had a larg-- fi!v..r Dilh in hrr Arms,
whitli they fit on tiie (iiouad on th.-,- Carpet ; . a- h Dilh
vai covered with a Cloth of Cold, or Julf bilk, hall

( H.I I, with Jewt Is irailinK u|).m die (m,hiimI, Afttr iIk'|«
Woiiitn had lliKKl lor loiiu- I niir, the Kini< iirdirr,| tji-
(o (K Pinii-r Ulore m.'. iip<in whuh lliey imiovirnl tU
DillKs.raihol whi. hwasasbig a. a hit; - RiLm, ,„u| t, J.
(her with (he 1 .id wen about imo I o-.i and an |,,|| ,|„.,
Dot of e.iih «pf thdi Dilhis they dr>w lix I'lat^ of (ipM
full oIlomfiiiiMs M'ai, and I'ally, alt. r (l.ur |, ,[),„,„'
1>> ihu, in iris (hail a Minuie, I found myidi lutioiu,,', j
wiihgoldm Dillirs, liimc lontaming W.iiri, oilirn ,v.
• es undone, whit h was v.-ty large, lull ol Hue, IkIhIc*,
two other 1)iI1k» of iituLi^t, wlmU tiny ril,,,n in.,i«
(liaii (loM, loniaiiuiij' Nue, niailc ule ol fur llrud alUvtr
(he lttJia)t)\ whi. Il the King «iri!u.d me (o t.ir, and I
lound It veiy good, lor it> lalle nl'iiilil's our Matih-
pane.

Alter that, by ihc King's Order, .m riiinKh |ir,,,|(.|,(
me Ibmr Dii.kin a gold Cup, fit in a large gold lUiim ;
I drank to his I Iighiiels's Utter I le.ihh, .tnd thought ni
have drank it up, but t!ie l.iqiior was lu very Ik^n;' ind
fiery, that it ijuukly baulked my lip, and \m mein'o.i
great Swi.jf. riie King told me, as I had ilrank to In,
Hiallh, 1 lliould diinl; it out', and tliat il It wKr<: (>
drink the King of /r.rn.i's Health he would rOf Lmsv »
Dropot It : IVat, upon my Heni'd, th-y ixihangrd th,;
I .Kjiior fur a weaker fort. 'I Ir v preliWI nie micJU'ly (■>
eat .ind drinki but, at lall, being i|iiiie tircil by litttr(r
With my Legs a-rn)fs I pra\ed the .S.ibaiular in prU me
to eat no more ■, upon whieh the Ku.'/, ordend ill th-
iJilhes to l>c rcmovei', and bai n,e drink his | Icaltii unce
more : 'I his done, tluy brinight a viry liii.' C.iniet, iiuic
iijx)n a droiind ol liold, and laid Uiksecn me aiij i,;.
King.

'I hen came fifi-en or twenty Women, who rinjjvJ
ihtmlllves by the Wall Side, and eai h ot tin m having lii;;^
Drums in their H.ind<,furg th'ir fvin^;'»CoiKiU(lls,ni.ikiri{
thtir Voices anfwrr the Diuiii. i alter that there eamc iii
.It a little Door twolittle (mis, v:ry o.ldly drMled,btit\:ry
handloine, and sshitir taa i any 1 eva law in hi iiot a
Country. l'|H)n t!ieir Heal tl.^y hid a loitd 1 iat, nuil„'
ot Spanghs of (iidd, wimh p,iiitei<d iiiiLlitily, toi{otli:r
with a t'ltimc about ii i-oot aid an hail high, inailei^t
the lame Span^.;I. s. This Hat l.urg down u^on one 1 ar.
I hey had large l-ar-i*' lulanii of .Spangles ol fmlJ, lur.i^-
ing down to tlitii .SliuuKltrs. Ilnir Ncik was tosinJ
with Neiklaees ol (n..ll, and, u|,'<.n their Shouldirs, wa.
a lort ot Jatkitid ti-ild, luriouriy en!;raven, umkr wliitii
was alihilt, or WailUuat o| Lloih ol liuld, wuh red .Siik,
coveting their Iheall, and a very bro.id (uuiie, made .n
gold Spangles. Their <iirdk w;'.s titd ab:>ve the I laiimhi^,
trom whuh there hunf', a Clutli ot (iold, with lira.!;::
Breeches unil: riHalli, ssh.cli wue liki wile m.idc oK Itt i
ol liold, and ilid not pals the Knus wheie kveial Iki.i
ol (lold hung upon them.

I heir.Xrnis and !.<gs were n.iked, but, to.ni tlu- Wr:l'.
to tlie I'.Uhjw, Were adirned wuli Hiau lets ot liold and
Jewels, as Well as from tiie Antle to tiie Cill ot tliiirl.iH.
At their tiinile e.iili ot them had a Sword the lliiti .imI
Siabbardsof whi. h were covered with Ji.wtis iar.ii in 1, .r
I lands a larg-: ban ol liohl, wnii liv ;.d littli.- Iki! abi>iit
It. I'hey advancd upon the Carpet with a pnddur.J
dravity, and, lalli-'g upon thin Kn-.es beiore the Kinfi,
laliited hitu, by joining tlie.r H.:n',,and liltiri; them up
t'j tlieir I lead •, tlii-n tluy Iv-gan to i'.,iice, witii mie K:vx
upon the dround, mak.iig ItVeia! .M.itions with their Brnly
and Arms . altirthat tliry daeiid iipi-.'.ht witli a ;',f>.it del!
ol Ai'ihty and Cadence, lomctitius ; nuin!' their I binds ta
their Swords, anotiier 1 ime making as il tluy lint a liow,
and fometimts as it they had a ■"'h.t id .nut 1 langir in tlv:.r
Ha:ids. This filled about hali an 1 lour ; alter wliun
they kneeled Ixl.ue the Kmj;, .vaI, in my OjJiiiU'r, were
pretty Well tiiid, lor each ol ti.ein had above luMV T' liiid
W. i>;ht ol (jold upon her. Howi ver, they Jannd »wJi a
veiy rt,Mjd Grace, ar.l it our Jniub Uanimg-Mallci. had
fee.i them, they would hav-' owned their iVitorniaiice lij'.
to have been what wc aiicAint baibatous.

At I.Ul It RK w late, and, upon ii.y Kci]uvli, the Kir.f;
fulVeied me 10 go, having t.ill prcUntcd iiie with twu
hundred IVces ol dold ot Ins Com, wnicli they cjil M.' •
and aic woitii about Teii-pcnc-: a i'l'-tc -, then iIk babanJcr

1 1.

ii<M,k I.

|(.....),,.| AltclKir
l"KiiiH..r>lirc,|iln„
lit ilK-y unuA.rr.l ||„

|l4rt,rl»,||o„, 4,h|,„j,^.

I- w". mil 411 lull ilv,,,
Iwlix I'Uic, „((,oM

fy. Jl'TiLiirKinucn,'
('i"lmyul| |„ti,Mm,',j

J. iuilot Hi.,-,|,(|,j,,
l"» ••••y ••Hen ,„„„.
I'I'ol lor Hru. Ml over
|r .il riir h, ,4,, .,„,) j

iil-iiiliUioiirNLrili.

|r, .111 r.iiiiiidi l)p,u(;|,t

'" > \*tiv KoM ttilon :

llfalth, iiml thwinht lo

!•. I.J very ll»)nj. j„j

|s J! v! }Hit incin'o.i

•'■■ I IiilI drank to In,

ii>i tint il I1 ■ wcr« r>

Il Ik- woiili ror Lmvv I

[''• lli'V ixJunun) ih^.

llWi nx mi}(hi,ly t,»

■. <i»"'c tiff.! l.y l,mi,r

S.tl'.iiiiijr fi) \nu ir.J

■ K.:i ;' '.rdrn.l j|| tli-

1 viniik fiis I lultlionce

V( ry (ill.- C'.iiiX-t, vlurr

J iK.HMtn Ilk- ullj til:

Women, «li() r«n;;;J
II hut ill! Ill l:.«vmgiii:;
in^;'»Luiwiii!lU,nuk:ri{
altrr tli.it tluTCLamc ui
1/ (J. ally iln Hid, but very

rVtr I4W 111 U) ilfJt 4
llld 4 loitol Il4t, nuii.'

eii.l ii.iflitily, tog.'tkr

an li.iil lii(;h, iiude tt

rj; ilowii u^on um 1 jt.

j'dni;lo (i| fluid, !ui:g-

liur Ncik was lovinJ

i<n clirir Sluiul.li.rs, wj,

fiiyrjvi'ii, iind'.r wlmii

I lit liulil, Willi red .Silk,

Iro.i.l (iiii.ic, inad.- .'i

w vl 4I) ivc tlic llaiiniliiH,

lit (iwld, witli ilfji',: :

liki wile Miadi- ot Clou

ni>, ttlicic kvful IVi ii

•,!, hit. Ire, 111 tlii- Wnit
1 Hiauii :s (4 (mid Jiul
to tlic C'.ill ot tlidr 1.11;.

.1 Sword tli;: I Iilti j;d
iMtli Ji.wcisui'<il iiitaiir

ltv.r.ii httlclkl! about
arpct with a profound
Ktiiis liriort till' Kin«,
1 '., and liUir!; tluni '.:\>
t ('.:iicc, wii.i on-.' K:;-:-
M-;t;c;n with ihiir Uotly
!jjni',lit wit!iai;riat dc.i!

; utiiti!' ihtir I iaiuK w
<; as il ihty llu-t a Uow,

id aim 1 Ian!;tr m ilv-.r
an lioiir ; .il!'--r wiiu-ii
I, ill my Ojiiiiior, were

liad alovc luiiy 1'' ^^'^i
vcr, tliry daiuid witii i
:i> I;.irKin<.',-M4llei-.lud
i tlinr i'citoriiuiiLe tu:
'aroui.

II, y Kaiudt, tin: ki'.-A

rLliiitcd iiic with tww
1, which lliey tail M.v,
'i(.te ; tJieii tlit Saban Jcr

Cliap. II-

to the K AST-I NDI ES.

fuiului-'ii d me home by Water, wiil alTurcJ me he never
Uw lilt Kii'i; ih'W ii» 'n»H:)i Kiljiect to any Stranger, *.[■
r, illy in liilleiiriK hu Wunieii tu dame bitore mc ^ for,
,;„, Mu till riiten.uniwnt, thr wholr Lom|)tiny fliut their
|.,a, It IfcHtK ^ «a|iitjl Crime to look u^iw the Kiiig'»
Wiiiifn, ihoui'.li, tiiileetl, I lookeil upon tht in very car-
(uiily all the *iiih'. irdiiming that they wrrc not brought
,l,,,,i,r ti» make mc lliut my Kyu. 1 hit Trince lokl mc
|„ liid above 4 liundrul Haiiar^ o\ (iold, i.e. iS,ijoo,ooo
ci lavnt, Ixlide* iin Sliver, Jewel*, and other i'realurci,
LjI ilieii 111 keepi it i kdi, and hat no Ocialioii to Ipend tl.
HcliJei, the Koyal 1 nature ha* Ixen lun 1 down from
lather tu Son j tor A.hen wa* never iiilLif, J pr (ukcd
by any Nation, and the Kin^ ultcii Ixialls that he Itfjrs no
Prince but the (.iraiiil Sn^nio , who, ac uniting to antifnf
Prupliicy, handcil ilowa by I'raditioii, ihall, <wie Day,
iuiK,u(r that I'lace

Oil the ninetnnth of Idruary an w nkay and iw»i
Silandan cune aboard in the kin^N Nan,, , 10 demand
HuSwwdi ihat I h,id, one ot whiili I had |iromil(d him.
Before they K)ardct| nu-, thiy were in loim- Dain^t/ in
the Mouth of the Uivtr, where ihcu lies a viry ilanyer-
oui Bar, el|)ecially towards the l.vi iiinj;, when the iiea-
Bift/ij break the V\attr U|k)ii it. I (^ave tlieiii Ujth my
SAonli, but witlal, prayed them to aa)ii4int In* Maj- lly,
tl,.it I \^m\ no more \ and it Ikihh an uiiwuntrd tliint; in
/mk.Moko Abrotit without a Sword, I hoped he woiiM
Iftmc have one of tium attain. Nixt Day he returned
ore of them, with a I'icleiit ot a l).iw;ir made alter the
tilhionot the Country. He who biou|;ht it laid, the
King liked the one miKhtily, k-ciule it did not bow when
they offered to l)en(l it, and that il this jud not bowed, 1
hid tvever teen it an.iin. Alter that 1 went alhore, and
itkitcfkd the Kiti(;, that he would plealc to order lomc ot
I1.S Oificcrs to make lum>- Overtures alKiut the Trite of
hn JVppPT, to the Merchants that were witii me. I le
pn mc no AnI'wcr t > that Point, but alked iiic what
Urt ot J Snip tlK- Hope was, that 1 had li iit to lianiam,
inu what the Cargo might amount to. I aniwercd hi 111
IS near as I coukU u{ion which lie alllired me, f]ic wai> ta-
Lm by tlie Dunb, and ilut in a Ihurt 1 imc 1 thould
have certain Intelligence ot it.

He tuld mc withal, th.it while I continued in his Road,
h would leciire inc Iroiii receivinj^ any Injury at their
HiUiils, the Dutch .uvi tnglijfj lactoty being woith more
than Diy Ship; but tliat without the Koad lie would not
iracirlt himlelt 111 the (^aricl. It iccms the King had
nxuiuiic'd tlic taking ot the Hcf>e at my lirll Audience, but
the batondar did not make mc uiuleritand it ; and indeed,
I was at a great Lois both in that and many other things,
bccaule 1 could not makeulcot an Jiitcr)iicter ot my own,
fur widiout a pariuiilar Licence Irum the King it is not
tu he dune. Betides, 110 Interpreter is fund ot apjxraring
belore tlir king, tor it he makes but the leail i rip in his
Diliuurle, ur lays any thini; that the King does nut like,
Liu' uideicd tu Ipcak it, lie is in Danger of being cut to
PKXes.

An Inllancr of this we have in one J'iJro Lorenzo, a
Native of Aden, and dcleinded of a very good I'an.iiy,
^^!io being liitiipreter tor the Du!u\ ar.d having Ipoke
Icnnthiiii; by tlicir Uiders that liiiplealid the Kiii^, was
oMeicd by Ins Mujelly to be cut in two alive, una tiie
Uicir. had certainly been put in l-Aecutioii, 11 the Lh^lijb
hw not uitcrcedcd very earneltly by iheir I'rayers and
l'rcler.ts on his Belialt. All (his while I could do nothing
in the l\p|^)cr Concern, tor no tiody duili tell a Urain till
tile Kir.g tiad told his, and it w.is not projKr tor mc to
prds tJie King muili upon it, becaule Ik was out ot Hu-
mour With Ionic ot his Cirandee-;, having put three of
tlirin U) Deatti tur appro|)riating 10 their own Utc Ibme
Jewels they l..id iiiet witli in tiie late Loiuiuell of ttru,
•nil eoiideinncd the .Seijeant-Major tor retaining foiue
Ijiity in the War with \^t:dii, who with much Intercclli-
011 got otf lor 1201^ Rials. Wlieiiever the King was in
t.'iiie Humours, no body durll <txak to him, upon ary
'".vcct, and tlie iVopk: ol iliat Country imagine, that he
• 'iiore lulijcft to them about New Muon, tli.m any other
linic.
NuMii. L.

73^

«;■ On the feventS of Marth, alnjut ait I lour Ix-fore
Sim-riting. we U\ a gieat Karthqiukj ai Lull Moon,
whicli the N.itivr, (Jul, was picdicted about four or hvc
IJays before by th< C ady, or Biiliopol .Lhe», whom they
bcheve to be the wileil .,» Men. I am intoimnl, ttiere arc
lonimonjv three or tout !• artlwiuake.* in tins Place every
rear. On the ninth I w ,ud upon the King with lomc
i retciiti. 111 ordci to obtai l^ave to buy up I'epper lioni
priv.ite I'erlons, which In v»(juld not allow till his own
was told ot», which he alwjy. kept up hall a dear again as
the littler. 1 he nrxi I ime I waited upon him I lound
hiin at a tiKk-tighting, and l.iying v;ry high Wagiri
witii III* Orankays. Upon my Lntraniv, he prtlentea mc
with a Oagg r, wlin h li.id jliout live or fix Livres ot dold
«•■ Jt the llaiMlc) but 1 lound hini to intent upon hii
Uel tlut It wa» not pri)|x r to mention my Allair at that

T'""^" .' '""'*^ "'" '"" ' ''^'■' '^'J"" "* "J"* Inilaiiee of
the King's Avar er, and his R, adinels to lacrilice all tiiuig*
to hli eovitous lemp.|. It was tins; One of the Com-
pany pitth'-d ution a middle li/.Ld Cock, otVering to Ut
Upon his Head ajM'ntl any other ot what Size locver.
I'pon which an Uu;,kay, that had lomc ot the K.ng's
Cuks m kcxpii.g, prcfcntcd a viry large Cock, and up-
on thii fiir Ki, g lietted very high-, but lue littk- Coelt
beat the gr>ut out* and to the Kiig lull his Money. U.v
ing trctitd liy the Lois, h .dkal the Orankay, tjow it
ctiiie to pal', tliat tMe little Lock li.id more Sir.iigth than
the gti.it oiii ? i iie Orankay anlweriiig with ail pollii'le
Huniiiiiy, that he ci uld not conceive how it w.is, the
King replied, he louM connive it very e.dily, that it pro-
ceeUcd tiom the Lock's being ill fed, mid that he h.iu gi-
yen the Cock's Riee to iiis \\ liorcs, or elfc eat it himlelf.
This laid, he ordnvd hi. Ri-lit-h.iiid to be cut oil', whicli
was immediatily put in I'.xeiutiuii.

Next Uay tm Sabamlar came to my Houle, and ac-
ijuaiiitctl me, tliat the King alkcJ tor Ins Kpijer /14 Riali
the daliar : 1 told him, 1 could not buy it at tiiat R.ite.
Ihen lie afkid me wh.it I was willing to giv... I an-
Iwereil, I could not pretend to let a I'ritc upon the King's
lioods, but would gladly treat with his SubjcCt.s, it iiis
Majelty would give me l.iave. Upon which he let me
know, that couKI not be granted till die King had Iold
his. At that 'i'lmc the King ke[)t iij) Ins I'epper .it O4 Ri-
als, the private People would have fokl it tor eig; t i.c.s
m (jokl. I'he common Value ot a I'acl is tour Riais,
but lincc we arrived m this I'lace, the gold rof', and the
Rials lell i whereas we iiied to have (ixteen Mas lor four
Ri.ils, now we cannot have above tuuiieen. i his Altera-
tion is occationwJ by the King's cngrolling all the Gold 111
Ins own Hanils, coming had Money to ciicul.ite among
the People, who put it oh' at any Rue tor (iold. Uilides,
Rials would have no Circulation in tli.ii City, were it not
Icir thole of .S'ttn//, Awd A.ujuipr.taii, w'iio lujiply tins Place
with Lummoditks, that tncy lannot be witiiout, and ex-
port notiuiig iHit Rials, upDii which they gam conlidera-
bly. Now there b iiig no Suriii Ship there, at this lime,
to take oil the Rials, tliiir N'alue Umk apace, \\\\k\\ was
an iiiii.iite Lois to me, who had nothing ell'c but Rials, at
a I line wliiii the Uuich aiul hni^liJJ} had Gold enough in
tiieir I lai.ds. 1 o return to the Sabamiar : He told me af-
ter all, that the King, out ot Ins particular Atfeftion to
me, wi.uid pel haps kt me have Ins Pepper at the lame
Price tli.it the Duicl' had offered, i:z. torty-eight Rials
the Baibjr. I replied, that the King had given Irveral
Inllances of his AlleCUon to me, that I would ta!;e Care
to report to the Kiii[; of biMn the Reljiect that ins Ma-
jelly ot Aiben h.ui ihewn to his Letters, and that tiie
Obligation I lay under to the King ot jiihai, would be
muclillrengthciud, if he would allow me to take in my La-
ding at TtLOU.', lincc I could not do it at ..cUn, where the
Pepper w.is to vny dear, uidcU I had a Mind lo reluiii to
Inince witli lialt my Lading.

'Ihen the Sao.n.dar alked nie, what Frel'ent I w<'uld
make to the Kn k tor that favour, and what I wciild give
Imii tor procur.i g ol it ? 1 loid liim, 1 wimld ccniider of
the Matter, and acqiMi t him with my Relukitions tl'.it
Nigl.t. ILiv.i.g coniniiii-.icatid the Motion to our Mer-
cliants, it was unanmn in'y aj^iecd, diat '/;«w would be
g A a

iii:\

' I

734 '^^•^'' ^^ ^^ ^' ^ l^^^ ^' ^f Cummoilurc Bi: aulieu Rook I.

\ I

ft'

! 'l
\

n Place of more IVulit for us thd' it coll us ?ooo KiiU
tor a I iccncc to tr.uJc thtrc. I'lKTtiiixin, I frnt one to
Ibiind the Sabaiuiar, in order to know what his Dcniamk
ini{;ht l>c. I'hc SaUimlar t.>lii Ivni, tlit: Diiub anil Eii-
V'"?' had oft'ortd the KinR two Ships laden with (ioods, tor
\hi Priviiedgc ot an iitrht Years l-'adory at Tuoiv, and
that if I wciild iiive hini tour tiiouland Kials, ami make
the Kinj; a Frclcnt ct :c,ooo Rials, he would procure mc
a Fai'^torv for two Years. Hearing this extravai^ant De-
nianil, Ipreeived the Salundar to l>c a Villain, awl re-
lolved to make my Adiinls to Orankay L:\imtiK(. Ac-
rordinply 1 gave hiin a \'irit, and riiird'entcd to liim, that
1 had Utii aloi;^ '1 ime there, witliiut making any Fro-
prcls in niy Hulinefs; that the I'tpj-K-r was lo dear at rhbtn,
that I could net huy it there witiimit a lonfiderabie Jx.l. ;
that 'hcKV was the moil proj'cr I'iace h^r me within
the Kins^'s ^omln;on^ 1 hat totalinuch as I cuvikl not
I rade at Tuan; without the Kiiij;'s laccnce, I thou[;ht
it the latelt Way to have rcc( iirle to him, knowiiiy,
that it he favoiiicil me, the King would certainly i^aiit
It, and that out ct" a gratttui ^■cn^L• vi fuch Favours, I
wxuM make him a rrcfer.t of 400 Rial-, and another to
the Kint;, ot tour iron (juiis, weighing ,^500/. each. I li-
en this he advikd mc not to defiie any UkIi thin{.', ot the
Kini_;, who had a prcat AtK-dtion tor mc, and was dcli-
rous of Lading my .Sl'.ii)with his own I'eppcr. i replieii,
that I was infinitely obliged to the King, hut could not
come up ti) the I'rice that tho Duub had oftereii him.
Thin lit told iv.r, that 1 di I not know what tiie King
would do on my IV halt, and that the Cmn^ 1 incniiomd
were not 3 proper I'rcUnt tor the King, wiio had more al-
ftat'y than he knew what to do with.

Ihe twenty-third 1 interceded with the King for the
U;i!i p.iption of ii ur y\r.'f/c''<2<' *-hiillians, that were his
taptivcs at Nf^'ipt'itin. '1 hiir Ranloni lame tcj 6',o Ri
als I2S of whi^h 1 was lorrtvi to advance, uiainingoix'
of the Men lor my Security, tiie veil of the Money Ix-ii.g
gathered liy a charitaMe Contr:!?ution from the People ot
AVcii/'.i/'t't. I'hcrc were live ot thoft- Slaves for wlioli
Redemption I intcrccvied, but the King would needs de-
tain on? tii bleed hiin, or any ot hii tarmly uixin U. a-
fion-, tcr all of them not only k:'..-w iiow to o[Hn a Vein,
as indted moft of the Pcriu^ucz: in the Indie: do, W.i
likcwile pradiK-d foine lurt ot Surgery to earn their Bread
in the 1 ime ot tiicir Captivity. I he Sabandat ami an
l'"unuch came rext Day 10 .ic(;uaint mc, tliat the King
want'd to tj>eak with nr.-. hi Obcditt.cc to his Com-
mands I went, and liun.i luin V(iy much out ot Humour,
and givirg Orders ti..r ttrtuiitig nvc or fix Wonun. I o
niy great Mortiticanon, I law liulc p'jor Creatures K^r-
cured ir. his PreUrncc, to the tail U.grcc, tor three H(/i:r<,
and tlic Kri^'s Wrath intreafing in I'rojxjrtion to tb.eir
Tormtf.t. After tii.- torturing was ovir, he ordered their
Har.ds an.l L-eg* to Le uu (th and th;ir Bodic. to be
thrown into the River. 1 l.c OLialion ot this l-.xteution
was ai follows :

On the pricccding Night thrre being f.ve or f.x of his
Women in a RcK>m ai:)oinii)g 10 liis, one of them gave a
fiidtous S.j:ii-k, ujxjn winch tiu- King enquired into the
Matter, and at f:rtl they ail told l.im thcic was nothing
in it: But after mar,/ 'I iireaf:, Ihc tlut ha.l iritd out,
cwifeH'-d, il'..it lijn.i Liciycamc in the Nigl.i-tiiiie, .iikI
piicked tier in the I'high wiiii a lJa;.;gcr, ihrou;^!i tiie
ittcds, upon whuh tlity lay. Tj-on wliicii fhc l.i.d, flie
critd out, and awaked the rttV-, but the rell did not agret
in iheir Aniwers, fome Living tlut they heard a Noile,
rijid culms tli.it they l.tard i.oiiiir.g. However, the D.i;;-
j;i r was lounl, but no 1 ody winilil own it. Alter all,
«hc King having Hiked thdii wlio it was tiut caiiv witii
the Dag!!;!r, ar.d wiiy tht y liid not tell him ilii: 'IVoth at
litil, arul liniiirg they wiAild give him no Aiifwcr, wa'.
Ie.id iiuo the '•'..ij \i.\on (,f .1 DJign 3;;ain!l Ins l.ilr, larned
an I7 his own Moiiier, who, aj. he imagii.ed, had aUm.
fd thtic Wontrn. that Uitir Outi ly lui^dit uicuce the Kmg
to lome 01. t ".,} his Ciiain'xr. wiji'.ii wuuld have ali'uultd a
JaV.,iirai'L- 0|j)Oituni:y 10 Ihe Alijiiins. 1 iuii.kini', to ex-
it it a whole ContiiTion ol the Matter by iiaiurc, he put
al! iJtc VNoii.en iii)u;i tlir R.iiki but ihur Kuuiutiori,
Liura"e ai'.d C'>:-l'at'

"11, m (,i

wai iu\..,ii:

nil

Handing the King's lret]uent OlTer". of PjnK

they would ililcovcr the I'lot, ami the repeated hi't'r'eaf'''^
ot the C'ady ot .hbcii, and the whole Court, who bee^d
of them to l)c kind to themfelvcs, yet they did nnt lluink
or relent. One of tliem l)cing very old, and fwwnm.r
away from Time to I'lme, the King took Compaflion un"
on her, and gra. loully jirdercd her to be put to I), A
I Iixin which llic allumed a gay Countenance, and tlunV
(tl the King lor his (^race and Mercy, wilhing |,im ,'
Recompencc for his iavour, a long and happy Ijfe „f
one ihoufami Ycain. In a word, all of them Hood out
undaunted to the tall tialji, and c»cn after their Hands ami
Legs were cut olf, one of them had the Courage to lav
that ft ■ the Space ot ten Years they had lonijed for tim
lijppy 1 lour, that ilelivcred them from the D;-udgcry of
the I .alllc. When the I'.xccution was over, the Kins
alk'd me what I thought of it ? Tho' the Sptdaclc was
very mortifying to me, yet I dillemblcd upon the Matter
and anfwcred, that without the I'.xccution ot Jullicc no
Kingdom could lubfiil.

'1 lien the King told me in a long Dilcourfc, that if the laft
Night's Action had palled with Impunity, his verj- I.ile
had bi ■n in Danger. That his Oaiikays were foolilh anj
unthinking Mm, who charg-d him with Cruelty, notron-
ruhring that it wa.s their Wickedncls that drew upon them
the Aiig'T ot Cioil, wlio made ule of him as an Inllruiiitnt
to punilh their Imputy ; that they had no Occafion to com-
plain -it him, who lull'i u\i them to j-ollirls their \Vive.<
then Children, anil Slaves, and comix-tent Kllates to
maintain them, who maintained their Religion, and prc-
leived thcin Imm the Captivity ot neighbouring Kinp,s,anJ
the RoljIxTies ot Strangeis : That in former times Aibcn wa^
a Kill ot Nhirileieis antl Robbers, in which the weaker
Were opprell'ed by the llronger, and no Man was life, all
111 Hum l)eiiig oliligcd to keep oil" the Robbers with Arms
liy Day, and barrat.idc themfelvcs in their Houkj by
Ni!^liti whereas at prefent they had no Occafion neither
tor Arms in the Day, or Doors to their Houfcs at Night,
riiit his Nobles hated him lx:caufc he fupprelied L'jttor-
tiOM, MalTicres and Roblx:ries -, that they longed to let
up Kings at Ple.ilure, and murder them when difobliged:
That his Mother was in the fame Intereft, and wanted to
make away with him, in order to prefer another that would
give way to tht ii Inlolcncr.

Tins he dehveicd with fo much V.hcmcncy and Paf-
fion in his Looks, that all his Cour.r rs threw themlelves
uj on the (iround, imploring his Mercy, and among ihem
even the Cadcy, a Man of above eighty Years of Age, for
whom (very Ixjdy hail a vail Veneration, and who could
Ixwll ot the lioblell Deli cut in .Ichen. in tine, the Cnieky
of this I'liiue IS uii|xirallelcd ; notwitlillanding that all hi
Torture r. conld extort no Dilcovery, yet tie imprifoned his
own Mother, and put her upon the Rack, and put to
Deatli live ol the priiuipal Lords ot Ins Court, whom he
luljxctei! uf lavouring his own Mother. He barb.irouily
murdered his eiwn Nephew the King ot ^i/icr's Son, fay-
ing, !iis Motiier meant to piefrr that young Prince to the
Throi:c. He put to Death the Stm ot the King of Biir.-
mni, as well as the Son ot the King ot Pan, who were boili

his Ce)UllllS.

J le has not 1: It une of the Royal Family but hisownSor,
who has licen tin ice l)a(iilheil the Court, biit now beg'n< to
return in Iavour, and is only late tor being more cruel than
h.s lather, and by being hated by all the World. Hdus
(.\t;rpated all the aiieicht Nobility, and railed ,1 newSetei
()r.iiikayis, who, in my Opinion, would live nuich li.ippirr
in a iiieanei Capacity. In line, his Cruelty is without J
I'.irallcl , he takes Advite ot no Ixjuj, and never lived a
Day, v/l.iic I was at .hhtn, without tiie Execution ot one,
ai.d lometinus h veral ol hi, i'euple.

.il:. 1 he ihth the King lent tor me to fee two F'kplunti
light : Alter I came two \ Itphant'. werebrought into a lar^^e
t ourt, eai h ot them liaviii|; a Cable l.illencd about then
liiiui Feel ■, then e.inic levrul Men with long I'ikes, bar-
bed at thi ii i leads. The two l-.lrphants liil upn one an-
other with a pioehgious Roaring \ Init all ot a ludJen ti;C
King wa> taken ill, and the Fight was interrupted o.n ac-
■ lamt »>l that .A-cid.r.t. Having pr.^fented the C mkay
/.;.,•;»;.■'(' -.sith .V. 'i.am-'!-l RiV-^. wlu.h he again pre

i>n-u Rook I.

"■•:■ "f" I'-T'lon, in ,,(,

lolc Court, wliobeppM

yctihcyaidnntiCn),

: very old, ami IwiHjnm,-

>.ing took Companion un"

hiT to be put to I),„'|,

Countenance, and tlunk^

Mercy, wilhing |,im, ,„

long and happy Ui, „,■

J, all of thrm Hood out

yen afttr their Hands and
■jail the Courage to lav
they had lono;ed tor tim
m from the Diudgcry of
turn was over, the King
_ rho' the Sptdide was
Icniblcd upon the Matter
-• Kxccution ot Jullice no

igI)ircourfo,tlutifthelaft
h Impunity, his vpr^- l.it,.
;)raMkays were foolilh and
iini with Cruelty, not con.
.Incls that drew ujwn thrni
Ic ot him as an Inllruintr.t
y haiinoOccafiontocom-
m to i-ollcls tluir \Vivc.<,
mi lomix-tcnt Klhtos to
I tluir Religion, and pre-
t nciglibourinp Kinp,s,and
t in tormer times .i/kn v.-^
K-rs, in which the weaker
and no Man was Taff, all
•tVthc Roblx-rs with Arms
l-ivcs in their Houlcs by
y had no Occation ncitlicr
to their Houil-s at Night.
caufc he lupprellai lutor-
1 that they longed to let
Icr them when dilbbligcd:
ic Intcrcft, and wanted to
) prefer another that wouij

inch V. hcmency and Paf-
Cour.r rs threw thcmi'dvcs
i Meriy, and among them
;• eighty Years of Age, tor
'tncrution, and who could
t(b(n. Ill tine, the Crueliy
lotwithllanding that all hi
•ery, yet he imprilbned hs
111 the Kack, and put to
lis ot his Court, whom he

Mutiifi . 1 le liarbiroully
King ot y!,bcr\ i>on, fay-
r that young Prince to the

Son ot the King ot Bdi-
iiig ot Pun, who were bot.'i

■i\ Family but his own Son,
c Court, bi;t now l)egJn< to
: tor being more cruel than
liy ah the World. HeliiS
ty, and raited .i newSeti'i
1, wuul.1 live niuch hipp::T
■, lull Cruelty is without J
) [hxi;, and never lived a
hunt the Lxccucion of one,

tit nic to tee two IJcphanil
t'. were brought into a \ir'^,c
CaMe l.ilUiied about then
Acv. with long I'lkes, bar-
.Icpliants ttll u[)on ore an-
g , but all of a ludden t!;C
ght was interrupted on ac-
lu; pr-l'ented the C inkay
iK't;- whiv.h he a{5a;n pre

Chap. II.

to the E A ST-I N DI ES.

735

ffntfd to his Majcfly, I at laft obtamcd leave to buy up tion the Sum, and pretended he did not underftand fne \
Ptpper in the City. Brmg fenlibic of this Favour, and upon which I told it myfelf in the Mi/ajaj Language. The
meaning to oblige the King as much as I could, 1 profercd King was filent for fome time •, after which he gave mc to un-
to buy fix hundred Bahars ot his own Pepper i but he re- derfland, that tho' he had fwore that whofoever offered him
plied, he was my Friend, and would not put it upon mc, lefs than fixty-four Rials for his Pepper (houldlofe his Favour;
ilnrr it was tcxi dear, in reg;ini he had made an Oath not yet he would overlook it in me, and that the Englijh and
to fell it under fixteen Taels the Bahar. Next Day 1 made Duub had offered him forty-eight Rials, and at that Price I
;, Publication of the King's Licence, that the Inhabitants might have what I would. I made anfwer, that the btitcb
nr-ht not fcruple to fjll their Pepper i but at the fame time and Englijh had a larger Purfe than 1, and dealt in ftveral
tlif Kinp was buying up Pepper tor himfelf, and the Inha- Branches of Trade thnt comnt-nfated the Dearth of the
lotjnts feared, th.it if they fold me any, he would alledgc Pepper, and that in line, I had not fo much Money to
,i,cy had prcferrrf! my Cultom ro hi?. give. However, being informed that unlcfs I took fome
To rtiflf fhis Apprehcnfion, I tirft bought fome of the of his Pepper, they ikirll not fell me a Grain in the City,
,>.ilMndir, thinking his F.xample would expel their Fears •, and confidering withal that Ranlam being blocked up, there
but by ■»'^ 'inl'irky Accident, before he had delivered me was none to be had but in his Dominions. Upon thefc
.M-, the Kiii'» took him up, and laid him in Irons, for Confiderations I offered to take four hundred Bahats at forty
not h,ivin!', Ii>me enanvdled Work ready, which he had Rials i but the King would not abate any thing of his Price,
e iniiiiit'cd to h's Cap- to uet done fiy our Goldfmith by a faying, he had ufed me more kindly than the Dutch, fmce
nretixtd I^.iy. at whii li Time he had promifcd it to a She he would not let them have it at the fame Price. Finding
lavoiirite ; though after ali, it was not the Sabandar's Neg- him reiblute, I offered to take three hundred Bahars at his
li"encf, but the (ioliifmith's being taken ill, that occafioned Price, provided he would give me a Lice''"" to buy three
,i,-- II'Liy. After this, rotwithllanding I had the King's hundred more at Ticoxv -, .it lal\ he agreed to it, and ordered
I lu'ncc, tliev would m-t tell me one Bahar, fome pretend- the three hundred Bahars to be delivered. I preffed liim
„u- tlicv durll not, while the King bought, others rcfufing to fign my Licence for Tico-.v out of hand, in regard he was
to^Like Kii'l'*» or any other Coin but /En.\% which is a (iold alioiit to take Phyfick for his lllnefs, fo that 1 could not
Com current in the Country. In the mean time I fent Don
l-rMcii'io Cttritfr" a P rliij^utze to the Court of the (irf-at
Moi^iii, by the Way of M'ifi!:patim. Mis iMrand at that
Cd'rt "•1* ^'> obtain Icive from th;- ^'ireat Moful to fettle a
Ireticr ha'M'"y \tS"r.'t, t!ie Sovereignty of wliich belonged

to hiin.

'I'he l)'lir;fi of that F.iftory was to render a Fai^ory at
A<k/n more ullful to us •, tor there being no Acccfs to Bun-
lam, there was a Nccelfity of having a I'acfory at /tihen,
luicc the Rials and Fri-ncb Cimmodities would not be put
olVat Acl'i'i without Lots ; whereas at Sural the Rials are

have Audience of him for tome time ; but he told me that
would be over before I was ready to go.

Notwithlfanding the King's Orders, it was a long time
belorc 1 could get the Pepper which the King had ordered
nif, by reaton of the Avarice and Villany of his Officers,
who always found out foiv.e Trick or other to put off thofe
they have to ileal withal, till they are fufficiently bribed.
Fur, befides that they have no Salary, they are obliged to
make the King a rich Prcfent once a Year. As for dealing
with private Peribns, I found them all unwilling to take
HiaU, and tor that Kcalbn employed a Broker to make a
rrct'ty high, and fome /-Wnr^ Commodities m.iy be put oil" Propoial to tho Dutch and EngUP} of giving them my
at dm. per Cent. Profit, fo that it would lie our Intercft not Rials at the current Price, in Exchange for Gold -, but the
to liiil directly from France to ^-Ichn, luit to Siirat, where Broker acquainted me, that they were fo far from liftening
we mu'lit put off our Commodities at a good rate, and to the Propofal, that they had a great Hand in finking the
iHiy iii^ Ibme Commodities at Suraf, that ilic People of Value of the Rials, in order to fpoil my Market, and pre-
sto can as little do without as the very Rice they eat v vent my trading at all. Being difappointed on that hand,

I niade my Addrcfs to the Orankaye Laxemane, offering
him the Rials at Ten per Cent. Difcount. At firft he
ap.rccd ; but next Day when I came with the Rials, he
re'tradted, and faid he would give but three Mas and an half
for them ; fince they wi-nt lor no more in the City, find-
ing I could not mend niyfclf, I condcfcended to let them
go'-, but after all, when I cams to dehvcr the Rials, he
rttiacled again.

The notorious PeriiJioufncfs of this Nation made me
think of leaving, them in Time fiefore the bad Seatbn was
farther advanced. In the mean time the Officer of the

and this would fetch us the .icben Pepper at an eaty rate
l'\\KC.irnn(i w.is an evcilalling (iametUr, and won great
Sums by the Help of fome falle Dice he had brought from
France with him, jiarticularly from the S.ib.iniiar, whofe
Loifcs at (.amiiig niaiie h'lm very hungry in his De-
mands upon me, and yet I could not t.ike otf the Ponu-
fnrzf from jdaying with him. One time when C.ivncro wa.s
1'l.iymg, lie h.ipjKiied, by Iwating Ins Hanel againll the
l'.i'ble, to break one of his fdti- Dice', upon winch there
nm liinie (.Iuk kfilvcr out ot it, that quickly llijipcd thro'

the Chiiilv-ol flu- lable; this put his Company Mito a hor- ._ „ f„, ,1,.

rid lor.d.rnauon, tor Carnfro quickly hid the I'leces ot the .i!jande>iuc Itopped twenty-one Bahars of I epper for the
lu.,ken Dire, and rh- v ima.;med there w.is tome Mngick the Kir.^'s Duty. It was a gre.u Surprize to me to hear
tubtilo ^iMut that apiK'ared ami elilappearnl tb that the King demantied Duty tor the Pepper he had fold

in the
llllidridy.

On the 1 /;tli (d Afiit I made a Dilcovery that thr King
had pl.iyed nie a 1 rick, and that no Recommendutinn or
J'lflei.ts whatlix vir would get the l>f trcr of Ids avaiicious
I'emper ; for he nidy ;rive nv the l.icence to amide ine,
aul keep mt tiom Iravn.g ttie I'hue, as I li.id tliiratened to
du Ixf .IV, He knew vrry W( II, tint his bu;i '!' of Pepper
at the la.uc rime woiiM t'ltle iny M.irket, ard it any one
had tidd im- IVpptr, he would certainly have punilficd
!.:in under pr.trnce u\ prefeiing my Ciiltom to Ins. Ik-
r.lrs, the tiue Uralon of the S.ibaiukir's Confinement was
i.ot the Iktineis id the K n-'s, tint his milunderllanding the
King's Deli|;n, in giviii-.', me the Licence -, and the .S.ilian-
('..ir'lei'.t to nitieat ill" to mteivcde with the King that he

me hiiufelf, efpeeially confidering that before I inade the
Bargain, my Intiiprcter alibied me he never did. But
whe-ii 1 reprel'eiireel the Matter to the Orankay, and de-
tired Accefs to the Kiiii;, in o.J.er to complain of the In-
jury tloiic me, he told me, that I was obliged to pay Cu-
tloni for it, tlut the i^/^c/.' h.id always paid it, and that
Inch A Complaint woukl Ije very dit'agrccable to the King;
and lufpeding that my Interpreter had mirinforiiied me
upon the Matter, wouki h.ive tied him to a Poll, it 1 h.ad
not broii2;ht him otf as one of my Domcllicks.

At lalf 1 found my Interpreter to be one of the Spies of

the iifamUiue, anil perceived he had dilcovered all my In-
trigues to the King's Officers. 'I'hough this Fellow was
boni of Chritfian Parents, and prolelfed Chnfhanity for

I I I 1 I . . '. , ,«ir,.r 1,1m 1 Catti or this Duty to the Oificeis they l"ei/.ed upon the Interpreter,

ceap. I ordered the liiinpre.er to otUr li.ni a Ca«,, or '^^^^^^J^^^^^^ ,^^^. ^^^^^.^ ^jj^.^, ,,,, „„,, j,,^ a,d h.-ivmg

m. u

• f!

ri.!^ii:i

\H-

:!l'^-

lliiny.twu Ri.i!:. a Uahar : B'.it ilie Intci prcur duvll not incn-
■1-

tied

v'l

!|l

*.,i 5

L i.l

Jt'iJ^:

']-/> lie K X P ED IT 10 N of Commodore Bi- au 1. 1 1 :u Book I.

*, >.

'Kt

U> ''

it-

I' '

* !

I-

t.nl l>i!ii to a Toll beat him liiunilly, and nu.U- liini pay
li;orc tiun he haJ got in niv Scrvnt lo (^tt clear.

On tlij .-,th ot" y^/.'v I coukl have had lV|>jx-r enough for
cij;!" l«ls Ji'J * CiLiartcr in CioK!, wluch, as Kiali went
fiicn, came to ihirty-lcvin Rials ami an lialt -, Id that the
I -ols vi])on Rials was unlliflVrablc. Anotljcr Millhancc that
galled me mi^huly was, that their Mas, oi liolJ Loin, is
oftin clij'ped by the Cbinefe, and that then- arc a great
many of a taifr Coin i loi at Acbtn tht-y arc to nice, that
that if the Kdge \< but any ways fluuiik or broke, they
will not meddle witli it ; lo that in the I'aymi nt of any Sum
they will return a tliird I'art, or a lialf. However, I
bargained with one Man for three hundred Bahara at thii ty-
ciylit Rials the Bahar. 'Ihe Chapman I dealt with called
hiinfclf Xntf Neputn of Jefus Cbrijl ; iie was a Mobanmc-
^j«, and a great Doi^or m the Law ot MehMUMtd : He
btue the Charadrr ot a Prophet, and came ti> this Place to
ruakc Ibmc Remonllrancci to the Ki;ii^; ot Aibcn, who was
io little moved with hii Kenionllrances, that he ordered
him to keep withm Poors, and r.ol to meddle with his De-
portment, lb that ilic C)i.u;lc was llruck dumb all ot a
fuJdeii.

Wiirn I catre to have my Pepj^er weighed, the Prophet
alki'.gi'd that 1 bari^ained with hiin tor thirty nine Rials
and otic red to apjcal to the Broker \ but I told him round-
ly, that I had pnmMlul no more than thiity-cight, and
tli.it my ^Vord w.is a^ n.uch to hr t.iktn xsntlur tiisor his
Breaker's. After tome wrangling he yielded i but v.hen we
lud wugl'.rd aUrtit one thoutaiui two hundred Haliars, I
Ugan to [lercrive fume black Sami among the PepjKr, and
returned it i he plcad.eJ for Ins Ijtcufe, that tiime of his
I")ometHiks had mixed Sand with the Pepper without his
Knowledge, am! th-pugh i might have done him an Injury,
111 rig.iid tliat the King ot .hben cuts oil" their i lands and
Feet, withui.t aiiy Mticy, wlio are tound guilty t>t that
'i'tick i yet confidering hw Credit ujxjn the I'late, I was
wil'ing to overltKjk it. After that we continued to weigh
till I oblirvcd the Pep{)cr wet •, ujwn fthich i llop;x\!, and
would have r.o more, alledging only that his Houle was
faulty, and that tome Raui had tatlen mxjn the lVp|KT.
What tor a DoCtcr or Prophet this may be I cannot tell ;
butlx)iii!i' and moll ot his I'ollowcr^ teem to place th'ir
(jootlncrb in cheating a Chiillian, tlperully alwut ,Ubtn.

29. C);i t!if 2 id one ol our Men walliing himfelt by the
Ship's Side, had all the tlelhv P.iit ol his L>cg, and both
his 1 lands bit of}" l)y a great Iilh, or Sea-Calf, which the
Pnu^ufz: rail Tiliuiuu, and iiiimedi.itely expired. By
this I 111 e tiic lVpi>er wa b^-come v.-ry Win e ; lor not only
the King continurii to buy, coi'.ir.iry to his Proinile, but
in l.npijh \\l!.! that latrly ainv>d tiom $ur.t\ laden
viith Cotton-CliJth, tiiKked their wliolr Cargix: tor Pep-
|HT, not to mention the Duub and Ltgijh ui>on the Place,
•.^ho having the Acivjiiuge ot CJold and Commoviities
vendible in that Coui. try, 11.11 Ixjught it up underhand.

June the 4!li there happinei a great lire 111 tlie City,
whuti, man I lour's '1 imc, luiiliisned two liu;idredand lixty
I kiultt i an.) the Km;; (auled the Women in whole Houle
It bf;;.ir. tu be impaLu alive. (.)a the loth I lud Audi-
mce ot the King, and reprclented, that lincc the Pepper
wak Ik(oiiic vrry Uanc and dear, I wanted to be gone,
and prayeO tl..u he would allow me to buy three or four
hundred Baliars .U luo'x. J'he Kir.gn [ilied, that I might
have tome more ol hi>., which he h.id 1</Iil meat a lowtr
Kate than any Boily »lle. I told him that his Pej)per was
!o d;-ar, ani'. the I i.l, u|)on it would be lo ga-at, that, if
I olfired to take i! at ins Rati s, it would ililiyur.igc the
y>'cM(/' from comiig again to kiK las i loiiils. His Ma-
'.elly re|)l,e>'., that liir litHib mii'l.t lirrealifr make a more
proliuble \ oyag", oy l)ringing dold, or Commodities
venaiijie in il^- t. ouiuiy.that b- ni', inhniteiy more valaalilc
to hi.n ilun Silver, which he clUeiivd no luoix' than Dirt,
;\% lor the liiili;.( f', ol Tkvm he iiluIc me no Anlwcr,
I either duril ii.c liu qinttr n-mind him ot 11, l>c. aule he
louitd he .lui i.oi hi.i: tlic Motion. J lowever, 1 'cpic-
Ki.Uil to luiii, tlut lince I had no njoie Buliiieli 1:1 that
J'iaee, i hoi-(,-(l iic would give inc l/-avt to l* gyn" : Up-
on wt.icU he lud, ir would iir'il wiite a Le:cr 10 liic King
ut Ii^mt.

On the 1 5th wc had a violent Storm of Wind and Rj „
from S. W. and W.S. W. commonly for three Days be
fore and three Days after the New- Moon and FuU-Moui,"
Wc had heavy Rains ami l-looils, that fwclied the Ki'
ver mighlily, tojjether with violent t.ulU of Wind called
Sumatra. The i gth one of my Merchants died clan un
common fort of a DillemiH-r, who, in my Ouinion, wk
poifoncd by the Duhb. In this I'lace we loll fourte-n
Men, moll of whonj were fcized with a violent Vonntmi;
and the Bloody- Mux, which no K-mcdy cuuld (lop. ^
tarnell, this Climate is fo much f.otter tlun Frame that
one can I'carce avoid Sickncls at tirll : But a re"ular Diet
goes a great Way, if not in preventing, at icall mabatiir
the Sickncls. For my part, I eat little or no kuall-nnat'
but moltly Fifli, and drank Cider, or, tor want (jt tiiar'
fair Water tirll boiled and then cooled, liut the gimarv
Sailors filled their Bellas with Beet, and drank a great deal
of Arrack befidcs other Liquors, and when they were out
of Order, drank Water and flept with tlieir Stomachs'
exjiofed to the Air ; by which means the Stomach ben:''
at once overcharged. Vomitings ami 1 luxes cnliied. 1 h^
Cure tor this Diltempcr is tu be let blood, and take fonjc
cooling Medicines, anil to abiloiu from Meat, Wine, and
Arrack.

The nth the King fent bis Letter for the King 0!
I'raiut fo our 1 loulc, with a great deal ot Splendor, tlic
Letter being carried ujion a great hleplunt by one of tiic
princiiwl Orankays alter which tollowcd three ot the
priiwipal Oihcers of tlu I luule u|)on another l.lephant,
with all the Qthcers of tlie Atendague oa loot. BeturL
the I'.lephant went tour Drums anel lour rnm)iK;t% and
tour large Umbrellas lurroundeil it. But all this Splendor
was to my Cofl •, for I wxs obliged to latisly not only t.,;
principal Orankay, who brought tiie Letter, but all thole
who a.cjmjianied him. The l^-tter was carried in a liivcr
Baton in a red velvet Bag, with gold Strings, being wr.ttca
it the AiitH Language in Letters of Ciold, upon very
linooth Pa;x.T, with Icvcral Liildiiigs and Colourings round
it. The i brm ot it was thus :

" 'I'h--- Letter of the Grand Siri Sultan, Siibducr
" and Cunijueior, by (.jod's Atiillance, of levcral Kini;
" eloms. King ot .libtn, ami, by the Uivine Favour, oi
" all the Countries that lie to the I'.all and Well ; to the
" I' alt ward the Kingdom, lemtories, and Sovereignties
" u: Dil.i, the Kingdom ot Jthr, wiih its LordOiips
" ami I en itorics •, the Kingdom of I'abam, th;' Kirg-
" doiii ot t^tfJit, and the Kingeioni ot /Vrj, with tha''
" l,inds and Seignories. To the Wellward the Kiiig-
" dom and rcrritory of rri.iiiiaH, the Kingdom and 'Ic:-
" ritory ul 'Juow, the Kingdom and Territory ii
" Pojjuruma, to be ilelivereel to the Great and I'uiirint
" King ot I'ranct. May the King of /'r.i«.<' know, that
•' the Ixttcr he lent me tiy Commotiore BiduH u wasdc-
•' livercd, and that I have fecn all th.it was written in it.
•' And leiralmuch as he recommendrit the laid Admiral,
" 1 have done him a great deal ot Honour, Ixjth in the
•' Matliis ol TralHck, and in allowing hmi the Quahty
" and Rank of my principal Gentlemen. As for tlie Ot-
♦' tcr nuile me, in ni'v 1 have any Hiilinels in Frame, I
" lend a Memorial by the lai.l Commoilorc, to fticw huw
•» much 1 cttcem it; laying, turthcr, that ifGodbnnp
" this L etter Ufe to hand, 1 expect an Anfwer hy ihc
'♦ Ships that fliall come to trade in this Place, whicli to
*' me will be a great Satisladtion. So I pray tiod pre-
•' iirve the States of tlr Kingol Frame. And hnce (»()d
" hath nude us Kings in this World, it lerim reafunable
" we Ihould live in j-riendlliip, and eoriclpond one wit!:
■' another. Jor a Token ol I'liendlhip 1 lend eight ba-
" hais ol Pep|xt, which n the Puidiut ot tin. Country.
" tjoil preltivc the illiilhious P-.rlon of the Kuii; of
" l-ranst." Given in the Month Hu.ih (or 'June) in tl'.f
Year 10 jo.

2 8tli my GcKllmith alked Leave to Iliy at
Jiiiiling to find aiitithei to liipply Ins I'l-ue that

On the

.VofccM, |>rOIll.,...(i, <.^ ...v. M,..,i,.v. »w '",'l"7 ■•

would Ik- more tervKcabie man Inmlell ; and tlioiiiih he
could not lind one acturding to his I'ronnle, yet, loiifi-

derini;

H'U Book I.

Storm I

noM

"iV\,mlamlRa,n
ilv tor three Day, b^.

Moon and full-Moui,
I that IwcllcJ the R,;
Ciulls of WinJ ailed
icrcluntsdiedotanun-
m my Opinion, was
I'lace wc loll fourtctn
with a violent Vomitmir
kniioJy couM Hop. ^
I'.ottiT tlun Frame, that
lirll : But a rej^ular Diet
enting, at Icall in abatiii'^
« httlcoriiu Kuall-mvat"
i.r, or, tor want ot that',
rooieil. liut the unwary
■ct, ami liranii a peat ileal
.iml when they were out
\>t wit!) their Jstoiiuchs
means the Stomach Ix'iin;
and Muxes cnliieii. iC
let blood, and take fonic
n Irom Meat, Wme, ami

; Letter for the King ol
cat deal ot Splendor, tla
It i-.lepliant by one ol tiic
I tullowcd three ot tlic
u;)Oii another Llephant,
mlai^ik- on hoot. Iktoru
aiKl tour Iruuipets, and
It. But all this Spkiiiiur
gcd to latisly not only t.;;
: ti;j Letter, but all thole
tter was earned in a liivcr
;uld Strings, being wr^ttea
ters ot (lold, upon very
iigs and Colourings round

>nii Siri Sultan, Siibducr
liiltance, ot leveral King
by the Divine Favour, ol
ic I'.all and Wed ; to the
ntoriis, and Sovereignties
'liri/r, with Its LordOlips
im (if I'al'am, tlu- Kirg-
^dimi ot i'(ra, with iha'-

tlu: WclUvard the King-
ly, the Kiiij^dom and Ic:-
^dotn and Territory il
10 the Great and I'uiirin:
king ot I-'ra», e know, iliat
iinmlore BiauU u was dc-
all that was written m it.
iKiideil the laid Ailmiral,
I ot 1 lonoiir, Ixith in the
allowing hmi the Quality
•ntlciiicii. As for tlie Ot-
any Biilinels in Frami, I
.'ominotiore, to fliew how
iirther, that if God briiij;
ixpcet an Anl'wi-r by ihc
e in this Place, which to
jn. So I i)ray God prc-
il trance. And linee God
V'orld, It lerins realonabic

and itirrcliHjnd one witl:
iKiulHiij) 1 lend eii;ht ba-
I'ludiivt ot till. Country.

IVrloii ot the Kini; of
til H.i.ih (or June) in d'.r

afked Leave to ll.iy at
r to lujiply his I'iaa- iliat

liiii;k-ll i and though he

u his rroiiiile. yet, lonli-

derini;

Chap.

io the EAST-INDIES.

737

dering thut he ^as blinded by the Promifcs of the King Nation, that notwithftanding all my Prefents, gave me
and the Orankay Laxamane, who were mightily taken luch Ufage, I refolvcd to fteer for Ticow, and if they
with his Work, and that he Iiad a great Mmd to ftay, I would not deal with me in an amicable Way, to aop the
Itft him in the £»|///» Houfe, wifhing I liad never Ships that were to come from thence, and take out of
brovight him from I-ranee, or turned him off fooner, for them what Pepper I wanted, allowing for it the Market-
the King of Jchen retarded my Afiiiirs upon the Account Price at Tuow : But if I could not weather the Point of Ti-
cf having more of his Work. cow, as it was probable I might not, by reafon of the violent

go. On the ift of July the Portugueze Captives and Winds and Tides from the Weft, I defigned to fail forP«/tf
fome others, having adviled me to go to an IQe near Lnncabuy, or Pulo Lada, (fo the Pcpper-Ifland near ^ledd
ilitiia, upon the Coaft of Malacca, about two hundred is called) notwithftanding the King had fcnt, about two
Leagues from hence, where I might have Pepper cheaper ID.nys before, three large Gallies, and thiity Sail of other
than any where elfe, viz. at fixteen Rials the Bahar, I Ships to Pera, with Orders to return by tliai Ifland, and
relblved to follow their Advice, confidering that I had no to cut down all the Pepper-plants.
Profpeft of a Licence to trade at Ticow \ that, here at Acheny 3 1 . On the 24tli having taken in feven hundred Bahars
the Dearth and Scarcity of Pepper, the Charge of keep- of Pepper at /Ichen, I fet liiil for that Road, which lies \n
ing Houfe, and hving on Shore, the coftly Prefents and 5° 30' N. Lat. the Needle varying 5° 30' N. W. The
Bribes that the King and his Officers expert out of the Profit i/jth we weathered the Iflcs of Gomifpola and Pollowayi
ct the Trade, made it impr.ifticable, that I had no Hopes of which fence in this Road on the North Side. In this Sea-
feeing our fecond Ship or Advice-Boat there, the laft being fon the Trade-Winds blow S. W. with which 1 cndea-
eone from me above feven Months, anil there being no Pol- voured to double the C-ipc of Jcheii, in order to reach
libility of hearing from Bantam w 'Jacatra till Otlolxr, by Ticow, lleering our Courfe W. N. W. but the Tales ftill
reafon of contrary Winds; that the prcfent weftcrly Winds bringing me right before the Wind, I was obliged to fteer
ilcodfairfor^ftij, and in 0//fficr, when they began to verc direftly for Pulo iMHCtihiiy, though the Calms w;rc lb
to the Eaft, they would favour my Return. That tho' the great that I could not nuke it till the Seventh of /lu^uji.
King had lately conquered the Place I w.is bound for, and whereas it is commonly but tour U.iys Sail with tiiat TraUe-
prohibitj all Perfcns to go there without his Confent, yet Wind.
I mi^ht manage it (b as not to difpleafe him, by pretend- The next Day after my Arrival, the PangoUlow, or

ing to be forced in by the Winds which blow right upon
it, Befidcs, the French having no Fadtor)' in Achen, and
he having ufed me unkindly, I had no great Realbn to
fear his Difpleafure,

Thefe Confiderations induced me to rcfolve upon a
Voyage for that Ifland, where I might live more fecurely
till the wefterly Winds were over, as well as make a bet-
ter Bargain for Pepper. To this End I refolvcd to give

Governor of the IP.and, came on Board, and told me that
he would not fuffcr me to trade with the Inhabirants
without a Licence from the King of ^cda, whicn, he
doubted not, but I might have, cfpecially if I alTiftcd him
with fome Artillery. On the 12th the Governor, accom-
panied with two of my Men, (in lieu of whom he li.id
left me his own Son, with one of.thc principal Men of the
Ifland, for Hoftages) went in Perlbn to acquaint the King
v/ith my Arrival. At that Time the King of Sl^i^da had

two hundred and fifty Rials, by way of Ranfom, for two

Pcrtuguizi Captives, one of whom having been in that retired from ^eda to Pcrleys, about three Days Journey

Ifiand, would rer\'e for a Pilot, and the other had been a farther into the Country, for fear of the King of Achcni

Merchant at Pera. The Number of my Men being re-
duced by Sicknefs and Detachments, to a fmall Comple-
ment, I likcwife redeemed feven more Chriftian Slaves for
three hundred and fixty-one Rials, that had tornvrly
ferved the Pcrtugueze at Sea. Some I'.nglijbmen otFered to
fer^e me, but, not having Leave of their Superiors, 1
tfjefted them.

The 15th I had Audience of the King, at whidi time
the Dabul and Sural Captains prelented their Ijdea, /. e.
a Prcfent of the Commodities of their Country, comput-

After thefe Captains had fo

Army. The 20th I received a Letter trom Situr d'Efpinei
(one of our Company that went along with the Governor)
acquainting me, that he underftood the King of i^icda had
but httle Pepper, and that this Iiland h.id not much. To
my infinite Regret I found this Intelligence too true ; for
I found that we canu too late for th;- Lift Year's IVppe-,
and too early for that of this Year's, which is not gathered
till Dccmbcr. September the 2d Sieur d'Efpine ll:u me
Word that he could not come to fpeak to the King, whq
had retired into the Woods, under the Apprehenlion that
we were employed by the King of Achen to do liim an In-
imy -, but, in the mean time, he hatl ordered all the Pep-

cdto be w6rth 15CO Rials

.'one, the King afked me if the King of France w.as . . , , . , , , , ^ ■ .

Uhjcd to the King of England? I anfwered, that France per that could be had to be g.ithered m, in order to buy

was inferior to none of the Chriftian Monarchies, having Ibme Cannon of me, if I would 1^-11 them.

continued for 1300 Years under the Government of their Upon this Advice I lent pohtive Orders to Sieur d'Ef.

own Kings, without fubmitting to any foreign Power pine to inform himli.lf partieu'.irly ot what Quantity of

whatfoever. Uixw which he told me he had feen a Letter Pepper might be e.vpeeteil in tl.at Place ; and if it w.is ua

from the King of England, in which he an'umes the 'lule der a hundred Bahau, to return immediately, withoii

of King of France. But I ftiewed him how flcnder a
Right he hadf) that Title, whirh proceeded from a Spite
tlutonc'of our Kings had againft his Sueeeflbr. Alter he
had put feveral Queftions al-,out the Grandeur of Chriftian
Pnnces, I humbly r( (jucfted he woukl fulfer me to put in-
to fictno for one Month, in ord< r to buy two b.undred
Bihin of Pejjpci, and to lend a Praw trom theiu e to Ban-
tam, to enquire after my two Ships, ai'.dinu, that fuch a
Favour would be a Lliin;', Obliivition upon the Irauh
Nation. He anlwered me very eul.lly, tiiat I might ilif-
fourfe that Subjert with the Orank.iy luixn:utne. This
done, I took leave of hii M.iielly, who wilhed me a good
Voyage.

Alter that I went t( w.iit upon La.mnane, who told me
tbt the King had fworn never to tiilfer any Nation to
trade at T.ViW after the 7?.v.',i', and that it was a Sign he
had no mind to j'jve me a Licence, fince he had put it oft'
by fending .nc to him : 1 lowever, I prtftld him to fpeak
to the King alxjut it, and kt me h.'.ve bis Aniwtr. Attrr
fome Time he lent iiu- Wt,rd, that the King would allow
nirtuput \moTiiiU' for a Month, piuvided I give him
half a Bahar (;. t. 3:00^ of Rials. At kill, being to murh
Ituvnkcd by the infaiiablc Avarice and ingratitude of tins

N u M «. 50.

troubling himfelf about it ; or, if it was above that Num-
b)er, to fbllieit the King to find a Commiirioner withiuil
Power to treat with me, and that without any Delay.
The 9th Sieur d'Efpine returned in Perfbn, and reported
that the King had but very little Pepper in ^eda, but had
a mighty Mind for my Cannon, offering, it I would ftay
fill Decemkr (which is the Scalon for gathering the Pep-
per) to give me twice as much Pepper tor my Cannon a.-, I
had aft;ed -, and farther, to ftrniih me w.ch a thoufand
Bahars more if I had Occalion fijr tln-m ; and if I had a
Mind toeftabliflia Failory there, to furnilh ir every Year
with 20J0 Bahars, and exclude all (Jther Nations from
trading in his Territc^ries. Tiie Kingl'nt me 3 Letter,
impowering me to trade freely witli tlu- Natives, and de-
firing two of my Cannon for tliiriy Bahars of Pepper,
which he fiid was all he had. In the. mean time they iiad
detained my Purler at Perl,y\ about leven or eight Laf.>,uc5
trom this Ifland, thinking I would come and lie off of
that Place to eftabliHr a iMclory in the fame : But I un-
derftood that the Channel between this I'.kiul and tliat at
Perh-ys w.is cmbarralUif v.ithShelvts and Flats; and at
the lame time obliived that my Ship did not anfwer the
1 1 elm as it ufed to do ; upon which 1 refolved rather to
yB

con-

k I:

ij.

Ml-

\ % ■:

1 !'

■|:::f -1

il'll'T, • II.

738 ^'bc E XP EDITION of ComnioJore Bi: au i, 1 lu Book I.

v! - r

i'v

I I

rontiniir wlicrr I ^vas tlircntninp to fct S.iil with tin- I li)f-
uzp^ I had on Ikur.!, il tht-y wouht not return inc my M.uv
On thf lirll ot (Utober thi' I'lirlir was ritiirnril, am: I
(Ichwnil them th(ir two I loHap/v Ht- rr|X)rtcii tliat tho
King havl only twenty lUhais ot ['< iijvr, and VK lircil to
ray the ot'ier ten in Rials at the Rate ol twenty Kuis a
kiliar. That tlie Country was very ixx)r, and the Uicc
extr;-;v.e lirar. That \\\\v\ tho Arrival of every I'raw the
People lied into theCountiy, thinking thcni to lir the I'ar-
t;7.ans of the King of .ictrn. That about eight or ten
Days l'<-tore, they had raeivtd Advice that frvcnty Sad
had arrived at l\r.!, with the King of ykhcn's Army on
Board, and by yit Inlhcr Intil!i(;cnre that the King of
Ad'fti was d<ad. I'pon this Report, though I had re-
folved not to Itt them have any Cannon, bteaufi' I meant
to return iiy the W'i) of /.'./y», yet I thought tit ro amii!c
them with fair Wire's, till I had taken m ficlli Water ;
anil with that View lent luek the I'urler to acquaint tiiciu
that I WIS very much ihlpofcd to deal witii them.

That I con'd not brini^ my Shipt.) Pnlty, Ivcaulc my
Rudder was out ot Order •, and that Vt (hew my VVillii ;;•
nefs to oblige tlum, i w.ls ready ti3 Und one of my Cam. on
on Shore, provided ihey gave me two 1 lollages to inli»\-
the Delivery of twenty liihars ot I'epper within (ight
Days, or ellc ddivirthi I'tpjKT itielf. This Olfer pli-alevl
the:n fo Well th.u tiny i iit me Word there wrre no Oci a-
fion for pivi; it; ! loifagi-*.. m puttiri; a Cannon .ilhore till
the Pep|)cr WM'. got ready, wliieli would Ix- in fix or Kven
Days. In tins I'iarc I ilid nothing to the I'uritole, only
I caufed to lie lut down for me a \lain-T"oi)-M.ilt, a Mi-
zen-Mail, and Koit-Sj rit, which I could not have elle
where. Il I could have ihiyed there tilljaiuiry, 1 could
have loaded my S!mm witli I'epjvr at a quarter of tiie
Price It coll n.e at J.brii, 1 x iides that, at that Time the
Tratie- Winds ciiiiC !•'.. and to would li.ive (IoikI fair tor re-
tiirnirg directly to Iraiuf, but il:e Men I had wen lii
frw, and were fo diUujraged, that 1 could not think of
waiting.

^2. This Id.uid, cal! d by the Inhabitants Pu.'a Lin-
(hel'uy, ani! by tlie Natives c-( .iiben, I'u.'j I..1.L1, 1. e. the
]JhnJ cf Ptfl'tr, lies in (,» 13' N. lat. the NetiUe vary-
ing 2' yJ N. W. It has alxiut hi'teen or twenty l^eague'j
in Circumference, an,! is mourtju.ous in lome I'laees, el-
j-^-iially where it lues Pu'.o Ji-Hn:, whrre it lies three
I.eagiKS off to the W'eihvard. In the middle of tlieCoun-
tiy th'-re is a hii?;) Mountain, divi.Ied into two by a very
nariow Valhy, wliiih is nut ohervable tnit on tl.e .South-
fide. The Pippcr grows at the Itxit of this Miti'.tain as
Well as in the iniervening Plain, whicii extends itlclt tiirte
or four Ixagurs in Length. r.'ie Pepper Plants are dreircd
alter the fame Manner asoirtall \'i;'.cs. Were this Ifland
tpore rultivjted, it would proilutemany more than if does,
lor tlicre are rt.t, at prcicnt, above a hundred P( rliins in
the Ifiaml, wheu.i'- lormcrly it was inhabited by above
f:v(Ti hundrctl.

Tlie S(jil of the above-mentioned Place i.s very conve-
nient t'rall foitsof Diiigs, Frur, Rue, and C.itilr, be-
ing eriithed with excellent Paltu.-jL^e ard plenty o! Rivers
and .Sp';:igs. Tlvi'ft cf the ldan>; is covereii with very
thiik Wo(k!s in whi(h, elpccial.'y ujion the Mountains,
there are fi.me T'r; es exactly llraight, of an incredible
I leight and pr'ii^'jrtK.naUe I'hicknefs! On the S mth-Siiii-
the Shore it is frr qurr.tly inttrfrctei! witli Arm.s ol tlieSe.-i,
leaving little Iflii • .iid Rocks, coveted wiiii WcH.ds. On
tl.e N(,rth tb.cn h,% a large DtuA alx uf a I (ague olf On
t!ie Half It h.is a IJiy, (ov, rril wuh.i litilr I, land, in which
Sliips of two luin tied T'u;,s inay ri.ic with .Safety, and be
fh'ltered frc^m all Winds. In a Woid, there is a very fafc
Am horage all round the Kland.and .my i'arr(,t it .ithintsex-
fell'Tt irrfl) Wafer. 1 rom t!ie|i:-pi,,iM;:'gi)t •f,;ly uttUt: Kru!
«,( Othl,r, ti.e Winds are ilien- wellet/y, m wlnrli T'lineit
rains veiy inmli. .fi..! the {. Imiuie i^ i!rdu.dthy, as u flap.
j)ens in all other PUc ci of the (.ime l.aiitud-.

^5. The Pej ;;rr fiixLj in Novmbir -, its Haivcll i*
from the Mi'i'!' (jf /Vciw.'.r to the b nd of Fdru^iry. At
p efcrnr thi* Ifland prixlutv* every Vear o;),rri ci Pound
V eight of exiillent, kirge, .nid dry Pe| jkt, which is pre-
frra 1- ti- tl',.: ot .»f,s other Plaie in the hJin. T li >
UUiid is fubjeit to the Kiriy of ::^fJa, v.itfwut whole IVi-

miilion no T radc tan k- carried on there. The Pcriu-
.(,'«(;:(•, wiio lelide at Malihct, eonic there every Ycar'to
iraile, and continue liiere immlUcemlxr to IM/ruary. The
CommcKlities they bring arc Cluzurat Plulh, Salt, Riu'
and a tew Rials, wliich go allof them well off thcrc,byrca-
fijn of the N'icinity of the Chintfi^ a good Number i;f
whom are fettled at Patavi, a Town fituatcd uii tliccu-
polite Coaff.

They firll their Pepper by Meafurc, and not by Weig'-,
which is better for the Buyer, fince, at that R.tte, he can-
not be fo eafily injured by wetting it, or deceived by ths
putting Stonej or Sand into it, as they tommuiily do ,it
.iiben. They fell it by the Nali, which contains Iixtccn
(tautals. each (iautal containing four Cl.up()a,s, fiftan Kj;i
make a Bahar, which is four hundred and litty Pound .for.
JufHiii ; to that the Mealurc m thi.s llland is greater Ly one
quarter than in the King of J(ien\ Tcriitories. The
common Price of a Bahar is (ixtcen Rials. The IVnncr-
Plants grow in a tat free Soil. They are p.!,i:ued at th:
Root ot every T'ree, round wiucli they crceji and twill like
I lops. T he Way is to take a Shoot or Sprig of an old
I'cppcr- Plant, ancJ plant it under Icjme Shrub, t.iking care
to clean the dround, and weed out all the Htrls abcjut it ;
it will Ixar no l-ruit till the third Y'ear, after whitli it bears
c very year lix or leven Pounds Weight of Pepper. Iti
liill, lecond, and third Years Crops are much at t/nr, but
the touttli, tilth, and lixth dccrcafe one third both in tin;
(^lantity and Si/.c of the Pepjxrr i and in the Icvciuli,
eighth, and ninth, the Ptp|)er becomes very finall an,l
fcantvi lo th.it after its twelttli Year it Ixars no more, jikU
new .ShiKii mud l>e planted in its Rcxjiii 1 hir the firll three
^'ears the dround atxHit them mull lie kept very dan,
or tlry will not lx.'ar, and even that requires a great ilcal
cjf Pains, for the Climate is extreme moill, by real(.:i
partly ot i!ie Rains and partly of the Dew, winch h \>i
great, that if one walks among I recs or Citafs beturct.'ic
.Sun-nling, they will Iwaswet as if they waded thrmiijii
Water. When the Plant Ixgins to bear, the Bramlws cii
the Free, through which it creeps, nuill be lepp-d of:',
icll thty intercept the Rays of the Sun, which, above all
T hings that Plant (lands moll in nerd ot. When tl.i-
Chillers of this Pruit are formed, Care mull be taken tj
lupport them With Poles, led the Weight dioiild ilraw
down the I'l.int, which of itl'elf is tender cnoui;h. Gfl-
mull likewile be taken that no Buffaloes, c>r Oxen, or larg-
Animals get in an»ongll them, Icll they Ihould be t:.-
taiiLiled among the Branches, and to break them.

1 hey mull Ix- planted at a convenient D dance one from
anotiier, that one may get round tlicm with a Ladvltrto
prune tlinn atti r their bruit is gathered, (or, othcrni. ,
th; y would glow tot) high, and (o iKar lets Fruit. Com
monly this Plant has 11 white Flower in /f/n.' i in ''jm:
tiui knot;, in Auj^ujl it is large, green, and llrong, aiv,!
the Nativei makeufe of it for Sallad,or make a rich I'lik'.-
of It, and other Fruit.s in Vinegar, which they call Ach.i;,
and whxh w.ll keep tor a T'welve-Month. In OilcLr ;•
is red, in Scictnlfr it begins to grow black, in Dcamiio
iT is all over bla\.k,and lonlequcntly r\y>c. This is the mo, I
general Methixi, though, in lome Places, it is ripe ibonvr
or later than iii others. When the Fruit is rijX', they cii:
oil the Chillers and dr) them in the Sun, till the (Iuki
f.ills olVfrom Its Stalk, which it dcKS not in lels than lllioti
i>ay, thoU:.',h the Sun !■> viry hot ; and during that link-
tliey iiuill Ix- turned liom Side to Side, and covered up m
the Night Time. There are lome of the (iiains tii.itnti-
ilur redden nor blacker, but continue white, which are
m.idc utf of pliylically, and lol i for double the Piicecil the
otiicr. Of late Yeats i.'ie Inlubitants oblcrving that Fo-
rrii;ners wanted thcfe lot the lame I'le, have luiiiul out a
Way cif whitening the black ones, by taking them «hcn
tluy arc y. t red, and w.ilhing oil" the red Skin with Wa-
I' r a:;d Sand, fc) th it nothing remains but the 1 leait ul the
Pep|K-r. wlixh is white.

By this Account we may p-erccive the Pepjier docs net
grow (I) caliiy as many are apt to imagine, and that the
P(p[XT-Piair.s requite a great iii.iny I lands to drcis them,
which at prefent e. iniglitily wanted in this Illand, boM it
and the Country oi .'.l^w'.i being In I delolitc by the Kirj;
ot .Ubin wiihia tlitic itu-jc oj loui Years, mfyiiiuch ih't

die

In c i|.

I u Book I.

)n there. Tk- Penu-
iliirc I'vi-ry Year to
mi'cr to I'ibruary. Tlic
irat I'lulh, Salt, Rkc,
m well oil" thereby rca-
a good Number ot"
vn fituatcd on tlie op-

•p, anil not by Weig't,
, at tbat Kate, he can-
it, or (Jtccivcd by tiitr
they tiimmoiily J.o ,it
wlucli lontaiib fixtccii
If Chvijijias, I'lftecn Nali
1 ami htty I'uund.ftcr.
llland IS greater Ly one
[tn\ Tcriitories. The
n Rials. The IVpper-
riiiy are }.l.i:ued at th:
uy creep aiul twilt like
loot or Sprit; "' s'> "!J
bmc Shnib, t.iklng care
all the Htrls about it ■,
ear, .it'ter whiLli it bi'ais
(Veitjlit ot I'eppcr. hi
ps arc nuirh at our, but
lie one third both m the
er \ and in the Icvcnth,
x-comes veiy liiia!! m,1
r it kars no more, anJ j.
loom i lor the full three
till be kept very clear,
hat requires a ^reat ileal
[treme nioill, by realoa
)t the Dew, which is Id
recs or (Jrafs betorc t!ic
s il they waded thrmigh
to bear, the Bramhcs ct
ps, nuill be lopp.d f>^:,
le Sun, which, above a'.l
in need of. When ti;e
, Care n-.ull be taken u
ic Weight (liould I'.raw
is tender cn(jUi;h. CarL-
ffaloes or Oxen, or larg-
lell they Ihould be i;i-
fo break them,
ifcnicnt D llanceonc froi'i
d tlicm with a Ladder t>i
gathered, lor, othirw;.,,
[o l)car lels Fiuit. Cinii
^lower in Jpri! • in "jm:
, green, and llronp, an.!
lad.or make a rich IVkl:
-, which they tall Acli.i;,
,e-Month. In 0:lci.r r
grow black, in Dic^mi/n
tly ripe. 'I'lns is the nio.i
le places, it is ripe ibontr
he Fruit is rijx-, they tii'-
n the Sun, till the tiraia
.ocs not in lei's than lilmn
t ; and during that rink'
) Side, and covered up iii
lie ol tlie (Jiains tli.umi-
ontmuc whit^", wlueh aie
lor double the I'liiei)! the
iitants obl'crving that Fo-
lic I'le, have luuiidouta
Ki, bv takin}; them whin
itr the red -Skin with Wa-
uiiis but die lleait ul the

:tivc the I'eppor does nrt
to imagine, and that the
iiiv Hands to drels them,
itc'd in this llland, both it
l.ad delohtc by the Kirt;
jui Years, mfuniuth that
the

Chap. II.

to the K AST-INDIES.

739

the King of «w4« « now obliged to put lumillf under the Weft Side of the Road of Aben, where I inight cafily get

l>rotcaioii of the King ot Snim. I he Inhabitants arc Ma- off, in cafe the King of /Ichcn fhould ufe me otherwife than

l^ans, but not fo crafty .and rogiiilli as tliole of Aben ; their well.

Habit is much the fame, but not lb rich. Tiicy are very But the Tides were fo ftrong, and the Winds blew fo

zealous Mohamtnedms, and m tluir Ciilloms and Way of liard from Weft and Weft- North- Weft» that I was drove

Living dilTer but little from the Inhabitants of //ciM. They above fix Leagues before the Wind, and obliged to put

have a fort of Coin not unlike our l-remb Sols, but of a into a fmall L'reek of Sand about half way between Podor

little Ixttcr Alloy, which tliey call T'ras, and thirty-two of and Achen. That Evening a Praw came up to me with a

thcfe niake a Rial. They reckon by Taels, but one of Commiflion from the Kingof //f/6f» to knc- who I was,

their Taels make four of tliofc ot Achen. whence I came, and whither I was going •, for it feems the

U- Sji"f<* 's => 8""^ niarftiy Soil, cut by fcvcral Brooks King had heard of a Ship cruizing upon his Coaft fifteen

taking Rif<; 'rom a large River, in which are many large Days before I came to an Anchor in this Place. By thi»

and dangerous Crocodiles. In former times the Country CommilFioner I underftood that a fmall French Ship had

was well peopled, and abounded with all forts of Provi- arrived in the Road of Achen about cigiit Days before. It

fions, rfpeeially Rice and Cattle, and S>ueda was rcforted liappcned that the King's Commillioncr knew me to be the

to by all forts of Merchants troin Pegu, Aracan, Bengal, Perlbn that had been at Achen before, and when he afked

"jtrfilin, the Coafts ol Coromandel and Surat, befides the me whence I came, I ordered my Interpreter to fay, that

Pc'rli'iucze refilling at M<il(icc,i, and even the Merchants when I went from Achen I was bound for Bantam, by the

of /icbcn. The Cuftoms and Inipofts at this Place were way of TrVsw; but having loft two of my Malb by a Storm,

very moderate, till the Father ol tb.r prclint King came to I was forced to put into an Idand to refit. I defigneci

fti -n, who was a perfidious and cruel Tyrant, and by Di- to conceal the Name ot the Ifland, knowing that the King

vine Vengeance (as the Natives will have it) was carried off would be angry at my going thither without his Leave, and

Cnitivity by tlic King ot Achen about three Years ago. to pretend that I knew not the in.ind, and could meet with

li.;<; i'i.icc, t) fay the 'I'ruth, bears li veral Marks of l)i
vir.f Wr.uh •, for alxnit four Years before it was fiibdued,
two-third', of the Inhabitants, amounting to above forty
thoulanil SouK, were caiTied oil by a Plague. The next
Year .aftrr tliat a Murrain fcizetl uixin the Cattle, and ear-
ned off all the King's Klephants, and leven-eights of their
rth.-r Cattle. The third Year there was fuch a Scarcity of
Rrv, and all manner of Fruit, that tiiey underwent a ter-
rible Famine.

The Year after tli.it the King of Aihcn, who always lies
in w.iit t!j pillage his Ntighl^ours, laid Siege to i^uJti.
The City hel I out three Months and then the King with

no Inhabitants upon it to inform me •, but my Interpreter
precipitately told him, I had been at the Ifland o. Pulo
Ltinihohuy.

Next Day a Praw came on Board with an Achen-man in
her that I knew, and he affured me there was a fmall French
VclTcl in the Road, and fomc Frenchntcn that faid they be-
longed to mc, adding withal as a Secret, that the King of
AJ.'in detained them there againll their Will. In the mean
time I fent my Long-boat on Shore for fome frefh Provi-
fions, but the People would fell none, allcdging that the
King had prohibited them to fell without his Command.
Upon the whole, I was apprehenfive that the King of

hi^ Family and Retinue, conlilling of a hundred and twenty Aikcn might Hop our Advice-Boat (for I took the French
Men, retired to his Palace, which he had toitilied, and Ship in the Road of /.'Ci&fn to be it/ to prevent their coming

to an Interview with me, and thereupon I weighed Anchor,
and ftood for the Road of Achen ; but the Wind being con-
trary, and very high, I was forced to come to an Anchor
at the Point of a large Bay, and fent by Land one of the
Men 1 had redeemed at Achen in a Moor's Habit, to carry
a Letter to the People belonging to the P'rench Veffel in

where he was redmed to the bill Fxtremity of Want, till
aNiiit two Months after that the King of Acben's Officers
pcrl'uade.l him to lurrender, by alleilging that the King ad-
mired him fur his Valour, and would certainly reinllate him
in his Throne, if he triilled to his (.leniency. This Siege
was carried on by the Acbeit Army witli a great deal of Vi-

pf'ur, inlbmuch that they fouglit when up to the Middle in the Road of Achau promifing him his Freedom if he
Witer in Winter •, for the King had fent tlum word that brought mc an Anfwer in two Days •, for we were then but

II .> r.i I . -1 ■ . 1.1 or tL... 1L..1 !,„■«'.,., .>«.,A1,. ■i,«n

he wo.ild cu: them all in Pieces if they i!id not bring hmi
th' Kiig of .^(-(/iJ i at lad, having demolilhcd the City
an.l the Caftle, they carried the King and liis Family, and
jlxHit liven thouland of the Inhabitants, to Achen.

T!ic King of .khen gave the Captive King a tolerable
Rati tion, till he h.id drained him and his Friends of all
th'y hid ; after wliirh he put to Death not only him and
his Children, but the principal Men among the other Cap-
tives cpniiningthe reft to a remote i'art ol the City, where
moll (it them were killed by Mifery a;;d Want, and the
f;rrv Kemaiiivler, amounting to about live hundred Soul.,
wirk at prcfent ia little Huts one half of the Week, lor
i'„!i own Maiiuenaiice, fu< h as it is, am! the other halt i.i
tlie 1-uildii'g the King of Aden's lloulis and inanuni^;
h^^ (iroiind.i;. The prefenc Kii.g ot .'^«c\A;, the Son of
this rnilerable PredeC( iVor, w.is lliut up with Ins I'.ither ,n
the Call le of lihieda bilore it was lurrendered ; but lindlng
that his Fiither was inclinable to lurrender, and carry all liis
Lliikiren and Fn alures t.) /A/.'«, in procure a Ixtter Kccep-
t.wi trom the King-, he m.ide his Fdcape privately without
his Father's Know ledge.

35. On the twehth of Ond-r I weighed Anchor, and
lloixl frr the Road ol Achen, in ordir to try il I could hear
any thing of our Ships; luon alter the I'ii'.es carried ir.c
ii'i'in the Illis of Pulo Motion alxnit five Leagues olV, where
i w.is ()b!ir;i-d to dr<!p an Anchor to keep clear ot a Uock.
'1 hefe llbiiu's are three in Numler, but there are .illb a gnat
nil y liriail ones. Tiicy are inhabited and covered with
VV().ids, m whi'-h there are fomc I'rees fit tor Malls of
Slajs •, they atfcird good Anchorage all round about, and
the largdl of rhcm has good trelh Water upon a i'dndy
( rc' k. Next Day we came in Sight ci Sumatra. The 27th
we ranie within two I ,e.i,i',ues ot the Ifland of Poolou-ay,
and 1 cicligned to double it, in order to caft Anchor ou the

tour Leagues off A.bcn, and he knew the Way exactly well,
for which Reafon I lint him alhore in the Night-Time,
oiviLTing lain to walk it before Day, left any body flioulcl
meet him, or enquire after his Bufinefs. The next Day a
large Ship with En^lijh Colours made up to us, and when
they came within a Quarter of a League, put out their
Long-boat, which breiight on Board of me M. du Parr,
one of the Men belonging to our fecond the Hope.

]6. The State of pjor Captain Grtive's Affairs, according
to i/« Pt:ir'^ Kepoit, was as follows : This great Ship was
an E>igl-Jl Ship of fix hundred 'Fur.s, and thirty-two Guns,
and h.id on Board Captain Grave, the Captain oUhe Hope,
who was very lick, and not finding me at Achen, was go-
ing to JiiCiiir,! to linil Ibme P.ilTage for France. After the
Ihpe parted Iruin me, they came to .in Anchor at a long
llland about twenty Leagues fiom Tico'-uj, and lent their
Long-boat to 7uc::;. Twelve Days after the Departure of
iheir^Long-boat they ftood for Ticow themfelvcs to put
alliorc M. Taiier the urft Commiffary, who w.is then ill ;
but the Winds and Fide being contrary, they not only loft
the Men in the I .ong-boat, but even thofe they had on
Board were all fick, except the Captain and five or fix
more. In this dilaftrous Condition they met with a Dutch
Ship of one thouland two hundred Tuns, called the Ley-
den, and commanded by (VH.'um Schvten, and Captain
Grave went on Board them to defire their Affiftancc -, he
W.1S no fooncr on Board, but the Dutch Captain fent fixty
Men in two Long-boats to board our Shipi, which accord-
ingly they did without any Oppofition, and not only plun-
dered the Ship, but ulld our lick Men niort barbaroufly,
turning them out of their Hammocks, and throwing them
upon the Deck. . , • •

In the mean time the Dutch Captam having detained
Captain Crave, told him both he and his Ship was a good
* Prize,

,■■'!'

' ii

■ I

■f^

Mi^

iti ..

•m if

I m »

740 7/v K X P F. D It I O N of Commodore Bi-ai i.ir.u Rook I.

%-s^.A f

m '■;

'i u ^

if'

I'rizf, anJ if thry met with rrc, thry coiiH fcivt- me the
fimc way. Somr few Day* alter \\w thry met another
Duub Ship th.it li.ul a i;icat nuny liik al)i)ari!, and wai
t;oing to put tlirni on Shore on the Idr of M'pM. Captain
Crave dcCircil his Mrn nii{;ht hkrwil'c be fet adiorc at the
(jinc IMjcc for the Rciovrry of th(ir Health, which iiulecd
ihry dill, but with fo much Cruelty, that one wouiil think
that N.Jtio:i hail neither I lumanity. Religion, or Contiri-
cncc •, lor they threw the lick Men like (i) many I/ic^ ot
\Vixxl out o( the Sliip into the Boat, ami fomc the y lirag-
gni through the W.itcr with a Rojy fatlencil to them, par-
ticuLtrly one, who being fo ilraggcil, expired immntiately
upon the Uceks on the Shore. In the mean time the
Commiflary of the Ij^dtn Ixing fenliMc of his Crime, told
Captain Crd-a they were milbken, and that u|x)n a Re-
view of his Commiflion he found lie li.ul no Authority to
take any I'rcncb Ship, (b that he was at liberty to return to
his own Sliip.

Captain Gra\t confidcring that he ftoo<l in nrrd of their
AlTilUnce, aiifwrrcvi with a great ile.il of Complailance, that
ihr Co.Timiflary was not the lirrt wlio had Iven millaken
in Matters of a<i great Confeiiuence, and defirei! he might
have fome of their Seamrii to man hi^ Ship ; the Commil-
fary granted h:s Rtquetf, imoii a l'n)vil"o that the Captain
Iho'.ild forget what had palled, and give fomeihiiig to that
I'.ffi cl under ins I land. Captain Gravt receiving tins Re-
inforcement, went on Board of his own Ship •, luit the
Dutch Seamen threatened every Day to throw him and his
Crew over-board, and he Ix-Ijeved they li.ul eenainly done
ir, if the other Dvt:b Ship, cillcd the Hern, hat! not been
in Company: Sometime after they fell in with tliree DHt<b
Ships near Se'.ibttr u\^\ the Coall of Sumatrj, cjnc of
whuh having a Flag u]vin it^ Ma!\ like an Admiral Ship,
Caprain Cr^ve \\ciit en Board of hrr -, but as foon as Cap-
tain C,r.r.i was on IJu.ini, that Admiral's Ship tired ujxjn
his Ship, in order to make tiiem uke down their Ireriib
Colours ; ujx)n winch the Caj'tain cnt back his Boat with
Orders to uke them tlown.

This (ione, thiy failed all tr)gether for Jacntrt, wiiere
thry arrived in Dnembfr, .and Captain Crave went to wait
ii|X)n t!ie l^ul:b Admiral, and dcfired he would aHill him
with fome Seamen to conduct his Ship to Bantam^ purfu-
ant to his Commiflion. The Admiral promife I to aflill
him, and to allow him to go to Ran.'am, j rovu'.ed he would
thtre buy up all the I'epjxrhe cuild get at a limited Price,
■ni. two Ri.ils a Sack, and dif-.ribute two-t!iiros of it to the
Du.'ib anil Eni^lijOj in that Road. The Capti n lonfidering
his mdVrable Condition, was forced to fubii-iit, and fign an
Obligation of buying fifteen thoul'and .S.uks ot IVj'p- r, live
ihouland n: which Ihould W {',iVen i) the Dutib, ar.d live
thoufand to the F>tj;lijh. In the mean time th( I'iiinacr I
h'ad lent in quell (,f him arrived at 'J.itaira, bur the Bar-
jjain Ixing flruck fvforc its Ariivil, Captain fi>.i;i- was
obliged to go to Bat.'.-jm : Accordir'gly he went, an! ar-
jivctl tiicrr tlie ImuI ot "J.v.ur.rr, whrn- the King gave him
J wtkon I Rpcej !ion, but would fill him no I'epperundir
J6ur Rial-, a Bag.

In the mean Time, the DkUh, rontrary to their Pro-
mife, f nt out armed Barks uj) ami ilown Bsn.',im R<<a<l,
in I'urluit of the 'j.nanif:, within Cannon-.Shot (/f their
"VVal!', returned always on Board cur Ship tiir //o/>r, in
cr !cr to make th^fe of Ucntr.m Ixlirve, t!at tl.r Irrmb
giv flicker to their ni'irtaJ l-'.iicmi;'. However, tlie King
• if i^iitam rcfented. it no utherwil.- than by keeping the
Pcj'pcr at the fitfl Piuc; U[)on which C;»ptaain Gra".ts re-
f'ulvcd to take it at tlic current Price, and when he had
pot his la.iing, to rctiun to I-tihk, he oflired P.-irt of
what he luJ got to the I)uul-\ but they would not
have it at tliat I'rice : Ilic Liij:!:jJb, indeed, took 150
B.igs of hi.Ti, but never paid for it. IJy Duub and £'«-
Jllij'b payinfil.iin i.o Money, he luil not enough to pay the
King of llanlam t ,r ttie 15000 B.i(7h he had bjr[.',aincd for,
and tlnrcfore c^el/id lie would Itt him have only 2uoo
Bags more ; bu; t! King rcfufcd to It t luin have any, un-
Ufs h- would uke »!1 t'mt Iv hail barj^tined f'<r.

.'\t lad the CommilTiry of ^t. Milo\ Company at R.in-
tarn lupplicil him w;t!i as mu( h as would tonipleat his
l/iadiiig, t.iking the Jhrmitaic Advi e B<»at a^ a I'lcdgc
fot 1^00 Uiais 1:1 I'ari c/f I'ayiuci t. 'I'his done, he ic-

folved to return dircclly for I'mnce, bur three Ship, ,|„.
lay jiift by him cnmrr.mdcd him to go toy.u.nr.f ,/
rordingly he went, and w.js there ordered to unUte'two
Thirds of hi« Cargo, and notwithltandinj; th.u he (hcwcJ
Letters under the DuUb Prefident's Hand, imiwrtintr
that they would not llanil to the firft Bjig.iin, yet they ]?!
relleil the Captain on Shore, and in.uie jeven or eight of
their Ships ride at Anchor round th',- Ihpc, and bei?m
to unload the lVp])cr themlelves, tho' none of Capuin
(fV.Jw's Crew put their I lanils to it. In the mean Time
Captain Grnr entered a Protcft a:3ainll the Injullicc ot
the Dutch, declaring, that all Damages illuing from th.it
Aftion (hould Ix- put to their Account. Soon after, in a
very dark Night, a Praw was feen to c jme from tlicViatf
where the Dutch Ships lay at Anchor, and to make iin
to the Stern of the Hope, near whii h it continued for a lit-
tle Time, and after that putting olV, one of tlieir Men cri-
ed out in the Mjl.iyan 1 -inguag-, tlut the Ihpt was on
I'irc-, immediately the /)«;(/> Ships were I, en umier S.nl,
having weighed Anchor Ix-fore, which was a certain IVajI
that they knew ot the Defign \ ami when the IVifiticrt
of Jacaira received the firll Ailvi. e that a Ship was ,,.,
Fire in the Road, he replied, without any Concir;i, tli.it
he knew it was the l-'rcrtib Shin. In the nu.in Time, il,c
f'rfHi^h Se.imen finding the birc too far a.ivanccd to bo
cxfli:i-uilhed, came off in the l.i.ng-Boat, and abandur-d
the Ship. Next Morning Captain Grave leu fix I'la*-,
to fave lomcthing in the Ship, but the Duub ktj.t thcin
oil", lo tli.it they faved all the Piiijur and Auillny,
and put them in their own Magazines, and fold the Hulk of
ilie Ship by Beat of Drum.

'J'hii done. Captain Gra:e hearing I was at ^lihen, ki
out tor .iiheH in the Iremh Commillary at B.intam'i Pu;.
ii.ice, and the reft of the Men came in another Bark 1 bi.:
as loon as he arrived there, tlieBark, and all that was m it,
was Hopped by the King of .libin, and Captain Cra::
being taken ill, and not meeting with me there, took the
Opjiortunity of returning to Jacatra by the F.ngUJb Ships
alxjvc-mentioncd. Having heard this fatal Account of
our .Afiijirs, I fent a Boat for Captain Crj-..*, and rcriivt\l
him on Board. Noiemier the fifteenth we weighed An-
chor, and making the Road of .Islcn, came to an .Anchor
among five more Sliips that were in that Road, in urJtr tj
be in a Capacity to force t.'ie King of .'.d>en to ilolivcr up
my Men, if he would not do it with [.ood \\ ill.

Immedutely ufxjn our Aiiiyal, tin; King fL-nt an bi;
riieh on Board to welrome me, and defirc me tu com-
afli'/te. I m.idc .Anl'wer, tlut I could not trull ir.yf it
alhore, lince the King had impriloiHi! my Men like Ro'„-
Ix'n, and ftized UjHjn the fony Rem.iins of a burnt iih;p,
1 ontrary to what migh: have been expcded, after the Ser-
vices otfercd him by the King of trance, and by me in
Particular. The Funucli replied, that the King took them
to l)e Pcrtui^uexe, tlut had ravaged lus Loalls, and as I'uun
as he was undcceiveil, Jud fet them at Liberty, and re-
turneil them their Money. That it w.is true, he had hir.-
dcreil them from going on Board the En^hjh and Duub,
for fear they fhould come to any harm from their mortal
I '.nemies, defigning to put them into the I laiuis of the
firll French Captain that fhould have arrived in that Place.
I'l this I anfwcred, that the French were eafily dilhnguiih-
ed from the Pcrtuguize, and that tho' I unJerftood the
King iiail returned them fome R:.i. , <. .t he bad nut re-
turned the Value of ijco Rials ;.; look from them, in
Mufk, Jewels, Bczoar, Coral, and other things. The
luinucli told me, the King would certainly pay that.

But after all, I gave him to undeillaiul, I was tir.Tly
refolved not to tome adiorc till all my Men were u.i
Board, after which, I would t(;me and receive his Cuiii-
iiiands. Then they demanded the Duties of the King'i
Chapjjc, Ix'fidcs 400 Rials of Anchorage lor tiie King,
ami iou for the OITitcrs of the .ilfanJ'^ue, a late biipoii-
tuin laid u(x)n all Ships that Iliould co.iic into that Koad;
but I told th<-m, I did not come to trattick, and iher-.f()re
would not pay a l-'arthing. S,;iiut::ix altei the (.liapji.-
returned, and brought ali my Men on Board ; ujxm wlm h,
purfuant to my I'romile, I went alliorc, when 1 waiteil
upon the King, who coiiiplaiiied heavily that I tlid iii-t
< .':iic to f" hiai fjon: , jjij i^ld jii;, that the Dxtd' and

III?

Rook I.

Chap 11.

/d //^^ E A S T - 1 N D I E S.

74 i

^ but tlirrr Sliip, ,[,„
"» r." "> "Jiuaira ; k-
orJfrcil to unlade twa
ll.yKlin- tliat he (hcwej
nt's llunii, imiwrting,

II Unt;.iin, yet they ar-
nviiie rcvci) or light of

tl)'.- Ihpe, and beg.m
tho' none of Captaia

c. Ill the mean Time

:pinU the Iiijudice ot
iui;(s ilViiint; Irom that
our.r. S,)()ii after, in a

to (. ;me from the I'licc
irhor, anil to make up
( Ii it continued for a lit-
K one of tlieir Mm tri-

tlut the Ihpe was on
>i were I, en under S.iil,
hi.-h wai a etrtain IV^.l
iikI wli'.n the rididcrt
iic that a Ship *as on
lout any C'onitrn, th.it

III ilie nnan Time, the
too tar aJ.vancai to be
i!',-B(iat, ami al)andur.,-d
1 lli^vt fent fix Praw-,
It the Duuh kept them

I'qiper aiul Aitillciy,
ics, and fold the 1 lulk of

ing I <f!A% at Ad'(n, fa
niliary at B.iiitam\ Pa-,,
lie in another Bark ; Ui:
k, and all that was in it,
'in, and Captain GVj;;
villi me there, took the
ra hy tlic F.ngHJb Ships
I this fatal Account of
aiii Cra-.r, and reciivid
■^teentli wt weighed An-
d:n, came to an Anclicr
in that Road, in or.kr tj
; ot .'.d'tn to deliver up
vitll [vx'd \\ dl.
, t!ie Kinj; ient an I'.u-
and ilefirc nie to come
[ could not triirt niyf if
oned my Men like R<;',.-
Icmains of a Inirm Ship,
1 t xpecled, alter the Ser-
f lran((, a;id by me in
tliat tlic King took them
d liisLoarts, and as fuua
lieiii at Liberty, and re-
it w.is true, he had h;.".-
I the En^lijh and Duub,
harm truiii their mortal
I into the 1 lands of the
ave arrived in that Plaee.
h were eafily i!ilh!igii;ih-
at tho' I uaderftood the
t.iai., V .'t he bad not re-
;.e look from them, :ri
md otiier tilings. The
I certainly pay that,
andeilland, I was t'lrmlj'

I all my Men were o:;
lie and receive his Cu;n-
ihe Duties ot the Ki;:t;'>
inihoragc lor tiic ki:ij',,
'//j>;..'.-(ftt^ a late lni|>oli-
ild ctiiiie into that Road ;
to traliick, and therefore
iKt;:ix aitei the Cliapp.-

II on Hoard ; u|«m wlmh,
; alliorc, when 1 v^.iirrd
d li'.aviiy that I ili.l i"-'

nie, t!ut the Dtit(f' -wd

J. ;.j:

£,jj/,^ had fpread f« ^ R W '"rr ""u'^m ''"1.'' l"'^ '^^^''°" '° """ ^i-'g of France moved him to give that

l.re„.b from the 1 race o Men That the Men he had Advice ^ and that tho' M. IJmmony was not imder ny

in,ptifoncd were reprelcntcd to h.m as Robbers and IV Command, yet out of Refpect to my Cour, ry ' n ind

„tes. but as foon as he undcrrtood they belonged to me, Acquaintance, I ought to leleue them^ fr°n h D"„ger

he 'r'''T?±,t";h/h^:^'llL„ ?Hlf ^r^ f '" '^P ^"-^ *"• ^"'"•^^^ ""= 5th. having anced ijZZ

iheKingot FraHte might h«vc taken it ill ,t he had put often for my Comm.irion, and finding he only llniffled

Ms Subjefts mto the Hand, of the £«^/,y6 and Z;«/c*, and put me off, I complained of him to the KiMg. who

«howcre their morul hneniics, and that he only waited tor bid me give h.m a Diamond, as if tl,..t had Ixen ayr ed to

the Arrival of a I'r<»cb Ship, in which he might fend at Hrlf. To make Ihort of my Story, I very loon dilLve, ed

them Home. But after all, when I thanked him for that the Orankay L«.v.„,w u,uld do nothing, for that the

fending the Men on Board, he told me, he had only lent King difpatched all his Commiflions himlelf, and that the

them to vifit me, but not to ftay with me, for that they Delign of turning me over to him, was to worm out of

bein^ Shii)-wreck d and loll Men, belonging to him, into me another Diamond for the King's own Ufe. On this

whole Port they came, Diftovery, I gave him another Diamond that weighed

This, as I took It, he faid to prevent me from alking for about h (.rains, and at lalf, after many Stops and Udays,

vhat he had uken from them, the Value of whicij a- 1 recciv.d out of the King's own Hand a Letter impow-

moii'ited to very near 2000 Rials. However, I refolvcd tring me to trailick m 'inow tor twenty Day., and oi.ier-

I,) play him a T rick for it, and with that View defired M. ing the King and Governor of that Place to allilt me in

Limoiiy (fo the firll CommifTary of the St. Malo\ Com- tarrying on the Trade of I'eppcr, tor which I was to pay

pany at Bantam was calledj who was now Proprietor in the ufual Duties.

the Pinnace, to retire from AcbcH as fjon as he could, to At the tiime Time, the King ordered me to pay t!;e

avoid the Danger he might incur through the Infolencc Duty of fome Goods that I had bought up in order to lill

ani Perlidioufnels of the King. But Limmony made An- at •licoiv, winch I thought to have been cxcufed troui, 111

fntr, that he had fome Goods to put off, which would re- regard 1 meant to put them olr within the T erritories of

quire fome Time, and he being ot another Company, I the King of Acben: However, I wa.s forced to pay it. I

coiild not force him to aft as I would have had him. Up- had frequently delired my Interpreter to defire Kcltiiution

on this Anfwcr I Yefolved to put in for a Licence for Ti-
(CJ), and for that Purpofc I offered Orankay luixemane a
Diimond if he would procure it me. The Orankay told
mr, it might be done, provided I made a Prefent of Ibme
fine Diamond to the King, who was then palFionately lond
of Diamonds.

I Ihcwc-d him a rough Diamond weighing 1 2 Grains,
whkh I defigned for the King, and another cut of five
Grains for himfelf. Next Day he acquainted me, that he
had Ihewn the Diamonds to the King, but the Englijh
hiving very lately prcfcnted him with large ones, he did
rot value mine ; but after all, that if I could find any ex-
traordinary Rarity, I might certainly obtain my Requefh
Upon this Advice, I bought of Periby the Portugueze,
who was lately returned from Mu/ilipatan, two Diamonds,
one weighing 18 Grains, cut Lozcngewife, and very
prettily let, which coA mc 550 Rii.ls, and another of
nine Grains, cut Pointwifc, which coll me 120 Rials, I
Ihewed them to Laxemaut, who advifed mc to prefent
them myfelf i upon which I defired ^lin the Goldfmith,
who was my Interpreter, and who ufed to fpcak very bold-
ly to the King, to acquaint him, that I had fome Jewels
to fhew his Majefty, without telling him whether 1 meant
to fell them or give them to him.

37. Accordingly, after fome Time, the King fent for
me, and defired a Sight of the Diamonds he heard I had.
I Ihewed him the large one, which lie looked upon, and
when he alked the Price of it, I told him, it was at his
Scr\'ice, if he would allow me to buy 300 Bahars of Pep-
per at Ticmv. His Anfwer was, that if the Dulcb Ihould
ofc him 30000 Rials for that Liberty he would not
give it them -, but to me he would give a Licence of Hay-
ing at Ticaw twenty Days, provided I gave him another
Diamond like that. I told him, I haii none liich, nor
could poffibly find any. Then he defued 1 would prclhit
him with a Cannon i.i the room of it, but I lagged his
Maielly's Pardon. Upon which he laid, all other Nati-
ons had prcfcnted him with Cannons, and 1 ought not to
lefulc him. 1 prayed him to excufe me, in regard 1 had
fo many Enemies, and that there were tome Ships near
Tumv. Me replied, I need not fear the Dutch at 'licoic,
fincc they had a Fadory at Aibin, which was more va-
luable than my Ship. After all, tinding he was lb bent
upon the (fun, I agreed to let liim have it.

Upon which he tailed tor the Orankay Laxemane, and
crJtred hiin to give me a Commillioii to trade at 'luou'.
Alter that, he began to qmftion me very jwrticulai ly coneern-
ir:i5M./,;w«(!»ysCircumlfaiues, the Koice of hisShip, the
Value ot his Cargoc, and at lall, aiivilid nie to carry him
aiitl hii P.miac e along with me, .uid not leave him i X[xj|ed
to the Dilirction ot fh'.- I'irlugiuzf, Uunb, tnglijh, and
even the Moiri themfdves, who w >iild lie eafily tempted
to t.ill ii|Kin 10 I'mall a Viflllj repieleiiting, that his Af-

N u M B.

50.

ot the King for what he had "taken from my Men, but
the Interpreter would not venture to mention it, becaule
he found it was dilagreeable to the King.

After all, 1 prelled Orankay Lnxifiini; to reprcfent my
Rcquell to the King, which at lall he did, and then giVC
me to undeiftand it was in vain to expeil it j that the
King had a 1 itle to all the Goods if thole who were lliip-
wreck'd upon his Coaff, and that the King had been very
favourable in delivering the Men iheml" ivcs. On the tix-
tcenth we weighed Anchor, and arrived in the Road of
'TtcirM, the lall Day of this Year. JiViunry the tirlt
1622, I Ihewed the Inhabitants of the llland the King
of Acbtn's Letter, who recnved it with Pkalure. In this
Place I bought above tour huddred Bahars of Pefiper^
which colt me about 25 Rials the Bihar, including the
Charges ot my Commillion, and the Prelmts 1 mace at
Achtn. February the lit we wiighrd Anchor in tl'.e
Road of lUoWy in order to return Home, having on
Board 75 Men, all in good Health, and Provilions for
nine Months. But before I proceed farther, I will give
here a fuccindt Dtfcnption of the Ifland of Sumelrii.

38. The llland ot Sumatra is larger than Great Bri-
tain. It extends II Degrees in l-ength, running S, K.
and N. W. i. e. from the Point oi Ac'.'iii, which lies in
5° 30' N. Lat. to the Straight of Su):iia, tl;c Lar. of which
is 5° 30', fo that its Length may be computed 300 Frt'nh
Leagues. Its South End is broader than the North, Lut
one with another its Breadth will make about 70 Leagues.
The Coalt tor the mott Part lies low, tho' there are very
high Mountains within the Country. Its Vallies atford
excellent Palhiragir, and are fertile in Rice, and all other
Fruits. It is watered with many noM.- Rivets, fome of
which arc very great; for Inlhince, Liiisuel, Baarcs, D.:yn,
/Icbert, Pahr, Jambi, and Ripcura, belides ii:veral Imail
Rivers and Inlimty of Brooks, by which Means it is ren-
dered very moilt, ami in fome Places mariliy \ belides, ic
is tubjeCt to trequinc Rams, tor the Equinoctial cutb ic di-
rectly in the middle.

It bears vtry lar2C Trees, which retain their ^'erl.:llle
all the Year round. 1 he Air is unhcaltliy for Stiang;-,',
efpeeially near the Equinoctial I. iiie, as in '7/i«w, ?.{[ii-
mun, kVc. nay, the very Inhabitants of Acbtfi don't care
to live 111 thole Places during the wet S;afon, which laRs
from fuKe to Otlcber, and in which the welttrly \Vii:iih,
mixed with VV hirl- winds. Rains, 'Tempefts, and ludden
Lalms, blow upon the Coaft. In tlufe Calms, the Air be-
ing unmoved, and the Ground foaktd with cunllaiit Kaip,
the Sun, by its perpendicular Rays, atti.ids very itinkirg
Vapours, which oecalion peltilential Tcvers, that carry
Siiangt rs otf in two or three Days, or at halt tcrmi-ate
in obliinate Swellings, and Dropf^s. The City ct AJ.'cti,
lituate on the North Poii.r, is more temperate. It Itands
upon a great Kivtr, about half a Lc.igue ttom il.c Si a,
5 C in

ir I

[?li!jf>m;l

, M f

W>^':^h

I; I^W^n^'lH'.

•i

742 7k' 1'. X P ED 1 71 A' of Coimiiodorc Beau f. hi Rook I

rakiil with lot.g I lair, and have Canncj, m whirl, ii,

in the mulll of a pri.it Valley, thai is fix Ix.ifvui bro.ul.
'Ihr SikI is very \^\<->\^x lor .ill loitsof drain .iiul hunt, hut
th<' Inhaliitants luw nnlimn Imt Kice, which is their priii
cnul F.kkI, ttipcthcr with C\a us, witli wiiuh the lilaiul
abiMiniis.

Tills I'Lur is will ilorcil witli l-'niit-TriTs, which Ix'.ir
in their proper Sealons, lor tiuic is not a Month 111 tiic
^ ;Mr without loini- ri)'e I ruit here. They low no I'ullc
or I'ot-Ucrt's, Uit tluy huve rvi client l'alhit.i!;e, anil A-
Ininiianre ot HutV.iio;s, which they employ in maiuinnp
the (trciiml, .uivl 111 ilrawmj.',, or c.iiryuitr. 1 luy li.ivc
I'lcnty ot younj; Kivi'., arivl 1 lorlc? of .» lin.ill Hrced, luit
their Sheep are pooii lor nothinp I he KaLitm hrccil up
great Numlcrol Mens ami Uu Us inonUr to Icll their
I'-Pps. Hunting IS a S|H>rt th- y are much ;uiiiltonieii to,
forth y have an intinitc Niiiiilnr ot wild Ho,irs, tho' not
To l.iu-,-- .-ind tiirious as tliry .iic m ir.-.n,,; and their .Staj'.s
at'.d Docs arc lar!i;r than out-. Ihcy have Init tew I bus
or K(Hl)ufks, but in the VmkkIs, and at rlu- l(Kjt ol |' '-.a
Mountains tlcte aif Numliers ot wiUi I'.Uphai.t--. I jHiii
the uninhahirn! Monniai •- and : tills there are pnit
Niini!)er5 ot Tvp'T'i, tome Kinoccrocs, I'orcu|)ines, wilil
BulValiKS, k.ivctCais v. ii.lluts, Moiikics, AiUlcrs, large
Li/atds, and in I inie Kivcrs jvii'unous CuKOtiilcs.

The bctttr Half ot this lii.iiid is |-<j|Vdkd hv the Kinr;
of A(btn. If yc.i pi along the C'oall to the Kallward ot
jihtHy about 12 l^.i};ucs from it you meet with /V(.'/r,
a larpe and populous L'ltv, and atui that l^acen and luh \
.iN>ut twclvr Uaailrsto the Weltu.irdot Aib-.n lies /Xny;,
aconriiictablrCity, ami then the Kii'p ol //.^u«*s i.itrCoi;-
quelh, VIZ. I^!i<o,(:inr]iifl,Hiin c ■, HoiL'am, J .ijiimaii,'! i«Ki;
J'namtii, and I'nJttnx ; the other h.iil "f liic lllanil is poi-
filfed by live or lix Kinps, wlu) tiio' tney arc 1/jrds ot
very pootl Countries, yet if yoii put ihcm altoj^cthcr, they
ar;- not lb conliderjt'ic .is the King ot Jfvoi. V[xm ilir
Kid-lidc, near the l-<jUinoctial, Iks tiic iittle Kin^d.oin ol
yfnJnxri, and Ix-yoiid tlut Jiir-i, r;v ri> hell ol ilicm all,
and .1 ,:[fle ta'thcr iV'/iWuf. To th- Wcilw.ird ol P i.i.in^
lits ih" Kingdom ol Mjnnm.iia, and Ixyond that Ah :ri-
ftura. The rcli oi the CV I'd txiendin;; to the Strcij;hts
of SuH,l.t, IS wooily aiul unmh.il'iitil 1 that Part of the Loall
that faces thofe Straighis is iiiii)c<.'t fithc Kin^ol Hanlam.

Tiuis you have an Aceount ol the whole- Coatl ot Sh-
m.i:r,i, the Inh.ilntai'ts ot wliuii ar- Maiity.inj, lo that
they all iinderlLiml the M'\n.Ti I jnRu.i^;c. The mland
Parts ot this Iilai-.d is iiihabittd by /i'rcn^cnis that l|>cak a
dilltrcsit ljngua;;c Iroin th- M-tlayum, and arc under the
(iovernr.icnt of levcral jxtty Kings ot which the ricJ.elt
and moif {wwcrtui is one that rcfklcs U-twirii -ruo'.c anil
Ahi!smi4]!>.\ as beinp iiilVeired of all ti.e Plans where tiic
liold ol this r.land lies.

It is Vi-ry criiain, there is a prcat deal of (iold to lie
found in this li'.and, but the Inhabitants are ahopcther ig-
norant ol workinij ol Miiie<, ami what they Liatlvr, is
only in Torrirts ar;d litif Ditches, that tticy liig in the
I'laas whrie the I liMxis dili'iaru;! themli Wcs. This dohi
till N.it.ves tiuck with the Inh.tbitai is ol ,\ia>timCiiio U>v
Kiu, Arms, and Lotion Cli>th, ai.d with thole ol Pria
man tor Pepper, .Salt, .V-'/ra/ Cloth, aiii Mu/ihpiUnn 'Sifd.
'Jtccnt; and the other Kirpdoins they have but little Com-
merce with. Astor.'siian^frs, they hive no Dealings with
tiiem, but nv.irdcr and <at th<m wlurr-ever they catch
their, ai well as their Enemies , lor wlim they arc at War
witli one anotlirr, tii;y n( V( r taidoiii I'riloners, but eai
ihcir plelh raw wm!i l'<.p|!cr and Salt. Tho' iliry li.ive no
Kchp.ion, yet tl.cy huve iome I'ulity i'. lai.ng to M.irriagr,
jutbi;-, and their D-j'y to thiii King, wiin.li liicy oblcrvc
with an mviohblc K- ijtft.

Hj. I joii the NS'ett Co.irt c! Sumatra there arc a grr.it
IliaiiV llles, fomc ot tin 111 laryc, al)out ci^'.hteen or twenty
Iragiics of:, and othrts but l.iull, alxmt three or l^ur
l.eagiKS iVuin the Continent, which do not Ixrlont' to any
oi ll.c alxivcmentiened Kings. TholL wliirh arcinlubitid
are iwill-Ued Ly the '.rij^inal Nitives. wlu m ihtr MuLiyam
luver exj'lleil, IjCvjiile tlicle lllai.ds weic not tor their
I'urixjfe-. l.'[x.n the South Side of i/oflrt/;,/, in the lati-
tude ol r,* Instil- I'land ol Ai^j/ji-, iiihaliird Ijy barba-

rous Sav.ims tiiat Ip.iic: no iK^.ly, but inafi.K n all that ctjiii-.-
iu:c, y>hcilier vsiuCe ot bla^k. 1 hey ^o

ujyoa tlv.ii -S!

Illli. Their Arms arc IViws and Arrow,, [l^^^ ,|„, ,
C0.1H, in the I .aritUitc ot 3» -o' lies ■ l„ng llland eiHc ' t
the nufib, N.qf.H'.', which may contain alxmt lourtecn w
hltcdi Ixragiies 111 I cii-rth, but IS not inhabited -.alxairioi-.
lir live l.e.igiics liom this near the P.quinocHial, we mcir
w nil another uunlubited Illandalx.utfcvenoreiijht l.ra.'U''
King 1 then we tome to a great llland m the Li;;! , ;"^. |',J
|9 30', called ; fonlthix, above twenty lx.i(',uc5 1, 1 -,(1,5
inh.ibitaiits of \ Inch are cloathal, and trade wnli ihuie
ot 7/i*«', though they fj)eak a dilicrcnt 1 4n|^;iugc.

L'lider the l-,quin(K-ti.il thdv are twenty or tweity five
Ill.tnds, lome {i;teat, Ionic liiiall, liune inlulmrd, lon.c p,,.
Hiving crolVcd the I .me, we nut with the liUud y'l,',
Nyas m i* North l-ititudc, which is hltem or fuu,,
Leagues lonp,, and inliabited by a good liirt ol Pnip!:- |i,,t
hurt no l)ody unlets tluy [jc in|urcd, and traliick wuh t|,..
People of liiirro', ami .Strangers, to whim tlicy f II thnr
l-hiidrrn and Slaves. In f <o' there are kvetal other' in-
iubitcd lllands, many ot which are covered with l',ilm-
trccs that l«ar Cocoas, which the Inhabitants ul the m.iri.
time Towns carry olV in their Ships, and ni.ik- 0:1 ot ^
others are lovired with very high Trees, and ditfcr niucli
Irom thole of l-.urr.pt.

In r-turn Irom th- great Idaiid ot Sumatra, and tike j
ciiciiniltantiai View <•! wlut it produces the Kmgd<jm o
An.lrij^rt affords a confidcrable tjuintitV ol Pipper, |)i,t
very Imall. dold u cheaiicr there than m any utiicr Loi:n-
try jviilelled by the \lij!. yam.

i lie Kingdom ot 'J,.iiiby proeliircs a great deal of I\^.
per, which is iiun h liettcr tha:> that ol Aiulni^ri. [f,-:
A«/^/i and Duttb h..vc a i a.Uoiy in it, as well aitlic?;r-
tti«utzt of Milaica. The City, which is very iiiihcaliliy, hi;
tilty or lixty Ixagues up a Kiver, which one mull ruwuii
with a Boat. The Inh.ibitants d.rive a great (iold Trade,
not only wnli thuie ol ALtmm.uho, but with the Natiwi
ol tiie Country. The Kingdom (d Pdimh.tn abounJs ia
Kice and Cattle, aiui affords but little Pepper-, 'tis j pin-
lant Country towards the Shore, ami is \v.,\\ ifcd by tlic
King ot HantiUM. Andrtfcmu is katcd on a rapid Kiv-r
in ^>' 30' South l^itituctc, and furnilhes every Year tworr
three Ships L.(Miiin|', ol liich Pepper as we have in y..'a.'v.
riie Inhabitanti trade likewiic in Ciold with thole cf .l.V-
nimc.ii'C. Next lies th.it Kingdom which flioots into the
Country, but has lome Harlniurs upon the Sca-lide, par-
ticularly Ciiriatin^a, where the Etijt^lijb and Dutih com:
often 1 they iiavc little Pepper, but a great deal of doU,
which is not aliove thirty or thirty-tivc per Cent, chcapa
than in I'rdncf, bccaule they deal with Iti many Coumriis
in that Commodity 1 they fell it by the T.iel, of which oi.s
and a half makes barely two Ounces; it is in Dull, ar,.!
lina'l Pieces, for they make but tew Bars of it.

Ai for the Dominions of the King of Acben the Terri-
tories ot his principal City is not futficiently cukivatfd ler
maimaiiiiiig the Inhabitants, lb that a great Part of t.'ic;r
Rue comes liom abroad. In lormer tunes it prcniuceJ j
great deal ot PepjK-r ; but one of the Kings oblerving t.hey
mm. led nothing cll'e, and negleded the manuring th:
(iiound, cut down all the Pepjicr- Plants, lb that at prc-
fent It docs not produce every Year atxive live hiinJn J
Ikliarsol Pepper, and that of the fmallell fort. Six 1 .capra
liom Aihtfi, towartis Pt'Jir, there is a high MouriM.n iha:
furniflies great Qiiaiitilies ot Sulphur as well as the- ii!-; '•:
Pech-jJiiy in the Road of Aduii, wliuh lupplies in amanr. i
all the Jndii-s with Sulphur to lu.ike (iunjxjwdcr. ihr
Territory ol PeJir being very Icrtile in Rice, is called tiif
(jranaiy ol AiLen. Tins Pi.ue atlbrds pretty larf^e Qi^:.in-
titles (il yellow .and hard Ibrt of Silk, part ol uhidi is by
th'.- Natives made into Stull . tli.it .lie elleemcd all over Su-
matra, and the rill th<-y I- II to the Inhabitants ot theCoiit
ol ( oiomjniiA. At Dtiy iheic is a 1-ouniain ot Oil wl.i.li
IS laid to l)c iinextinguilliable when once it is let on tiir,
and with whiili flie Kin|', ol Aihen burnt two Pirm^ua.'
dalhijiis neat M.iLu\a .ibout eight or ten Ycar^ a;;i).

J).t\,i aU/undi in Rue and Cattle ■, Dwywc/'/alloidsevciy
Year a laij;e Quantity ol tamphne, winch the liilubitaiit.
of ii4>a:, on the Co.ill ol L'.-t.m.i'JA, buy up very eagerly
lor hiteen or lixteeii Rials the Cam, or tweniy-eii^h:
Uuiico. Hurt 31 1, a pltalant Pla.c leatcd upon a plcalaiii

Ill

III Book I.

Lanocj, in whlcli il:cv
iirow.. lliK)nil,ri;,n,f
•> • lon^; llljtul railed li.-
ontaiii alHHit luurta-n ui

lotmliabitcili alwtour

ic l.qiiinudlul, wf nicer

iUtkv(iioriii;lit|.ra,,i,,.,

llUiul m tlic Lit;;, ;,.<,!

vsfiity Ix,i!',iic5 Ki -, tlie

t, ami tr.ute wali iimi;.

emit l..iMj^;ii.igc,

n- twenty (;r twc; ty live

inr inlul)itr,|, luncnot,

■■ t with tlic IiUikI /Vj

liiili IS (iltcTM or lixtu;i

P/khI liirt ot IVoplc tint

^, ami traliick wnf, t!,-

to wli.ini they I"; II thnr

ilu re Mv kvrral other in-

arc (.ovcicd with l',ilm-

. Inhabitants ul the iii.iri-

iihi()s, ami iii.il.? (),| „t^

1 Vre:'., and Uill'cr muiii

il ot Sumatra, am! t,il<c a
roiiucT', the Kingilom (i
iJuintitV (it Pepper, hut
c ilian m any otlier Loin-

iurcs a (.',rrat deal of IVp-

tlut ()t .inilrii^ri. Th;

y III It, as well aulic?;r-

hicli IS Vd-y iitihialihv, lit;
•, which or.e nniil row up
ilrivc a great (iold Triiir,
d'Oy b*it with the Natiwi
II ot Pchrnhn abounds i:i

little Pepper-, 'tisapb-
e, aiu! IS jxill ifrd by tlic

is icatcd on a rapiii Kivtr
irnilhes every Year two cr
pprr as we have in y.;m;v,
1 tiold with tholt ot" .\'/:-
lom which llioots into the
;rs upon tlic Sca-liile, pit-

En^lijb and Dutch come
but a great deal of dolJ,
rtylivc per Cent, chc.ipcr
:al with to many Countries
by the TacI, ot" which c:;;
Winces •, it is in Dull, ar,.i

lew Bars of it.
Kinu; of Acben the Terri-
it fiirtk'icntly cuinvatcd tor
that a great Fart of tlie;r
tornif r tunes it proiluced a
f the Kin(;s oblcrving thfy
^Icftetl the niamiriag; th:
Kr-l'lant5, t'u that at prc-

Vcar alxive live lumJr;d
; I'liullell tort. Six 1 .cam.:-.')
•re IS a \\\^\\ Mounun that
ilphiir as well as the lilc "'■
wlmli tuppliesiiiamanr I
) lu.dcf (iiinjHjwdir. I .r
-rtilc in Rac, is tailed tin-
atVords pretty larf;e Qiiin-
Silk, part ot whiJi is by
t .lie clfrtmed all over .i'a-
he liih.ibit.iiitb oftheCo.iil
, a 1-ountaiiiof Oil \»hi>.!i
vlien ona- it is let mi I'lie,
h/n burnt two Pam^uiz:
jht or trii Vearb a(;iJ.
ittic ; r;/«y«c/7atr>iidscv;rv
hire, winch the liilubitant.
.;':M'l, buy up very eagerly
he Catti, or twe'ity-eii^h;
'la.c Icatcd upon a p.VaU;::
Kivcr,

Chap. II.

fo ihc K AST-INDIES.

River, in an oivn aiul will i uliivated and i lianipaif.n C-nin-
,.v, about a I.ia|;Uf Iroin the .Shoir, II,,' k i.i'anuii „|
ij'.s llland IS much Hie' mcd, and Itivei ihr Inli.ilniant', for
jMcalure in all tbiir Haiivtins, tor iliry ji.ivr iiootlur Mo-
,,y. This Place all'(/ids likewile phmy „| (.■jmi j,,,,.,
■|l',c Caniphiir ot liutahum is Kckoned the bell, but iIk'h-
i^ very litile <>f it- l'>i]jiniuiii llamis at the I'ool oj a vciy
lii^h Mountain, that may be hen m u iji-j,. |).,y ,|,||,y
l.iat;ues oil'. It b.is ex. . Ih i\t I.iih'' IVpper, In iii^ the lirll
Place on this L'oall white we meet with I'epp' r-Plaiiis,
Seven Lcif-'ues tioin llir. line Ibtnds V/io'e, whii.h is Mt
„;ore tenia: in PipiMr. I'n.im.ni hi, u,,i \>, nnuh P( pp' r,
lut h.is a bettd Air, and very wJI ii.oplid, and plmtiluliy
|iiii.ilhed with all tolls ol I'loviliuus, and diives a (.(nat
(,,,M Iradc with ilie Inhabitants ol M.oiimi,i/o, ihc
;•,;,,> had a 1-acloiy time lor a li/ii^ time, but the lall
V..ir the Kinj; ot //i/'<« exixlle.l tin in. I'luliiii^ has l.ttle
IVpper, but deals prdiy nun li in tiol |, and Im'. tin Loii-
Vinicmv of a line Uivtr, wluri pje.ii .Shipi, m.iy (i,iih up
and ride lately. All ihele I'l.i. . , .iie well peopled and lul-
t;vated, and loir.e Of' the inliabiiani'i «ie luh, ami hvc
hippy. I'Y virtue ol then Kiuioiinl, liom the lyiai.nical
Court ol ,7i<.V»;

743

Law ol \Lbammcd, they marry as many Women as they
are able to maintain, one of -.-hiili is entitled to a Prcl'cr-
eiue belorc the rel!, her Ciiiidien being reckoned the law-
tul 1 1( irs. '1 hey luirer th'ir Slaves and Concubines to go
abro.id, but not their Wives \ if a Man marries a young
\^ oiiiiin, ho commonly pay, tome Money for her to her
Kelations, and allots h r a Jointure upon his own FlLitc.
It a Woman bis any th ng of her own, fhc lod'-es it in
ill.' 1 lands ol her I IuIImiu!, and takes from him'i Note,
entitling her to tju- Kecovay of it in cafe of S.-paration, (^i'-
bail I lulbaiulry j and if t!u: 1 hilband dies tirll, this Note,
t'j;vther with the Jointure tlipulated in the Contract of
Mairiige, mull k- firll nuisfu-d out of t!ic floods r,l' the
(Wvalid, to tlic P/ejudice of all Creditors i if the Woman
(lies liill, tlie llulband is entitled to all that llie brought
him. M.m ai.d Wile n-.ay t'.paratc when ti.ey will, pio-
SI 'cd they both aj^iee to it -, for the Content of one Party
IS not l'u;:ii.ici,t. Ill /hhen I /'fury is proliibitc,!, and the Ii,-
terelt of Money is limited to twelve per Coil, per ,hm:im
v.ithout Pledges, whereas in liiintnm they will give livo
pn (tilt, a Mimtli, and a P.iwn belides. If tiie Debtor
I' lul- to pay, he is cited bctore a Coiiit of Julliie, wl.rc,
il the Debt be made appiur, lie is condemned to pay ic

,., 111..,./ . , ,. , '' '"Ol i^"- "i'"-' a>pi.u, ne is coiuiemneci to pay ic

1 ne Iniiab.tants o .hhn, ,n,- , w„.l, h,it ol I eop! t „ , |„tl. uuk, and ,1 lie eioes not pay it in the appointee!

than thol'e of 'luou.' and J'n.im.iii, and I'l- otlur Place,
aloi j; the Coail i thi y are pioiid, envious Men, ol no iaith
or Loiilciemv, tlixiully in then ili.ilmn wiih I hrilti.in.,
treacherous, and given to robbing anil pjd.iinnp,. I'liey
lieljile their Ni i;.!,hbouis, anil lake allothir Nanons but
I'.iiifeives to be brut.d i they an- Vi ly pi(idni,.il in their
t.ailis, anil wiiuhl be the lame m then I lour ., Maves,
i:>„! Dtlief tiiii'.gs, It the King dul not iiauipllirm. 'riiey
l^uik well in till ir own I mpu ig.-, ,ind loiiie ol them lit
up lor Ofators. Iluy aie V( ry tond ol .Sninli i, , nd happy
enough in applying them j but the l're(|iiemy with winch
they life tliem would be nauleous and imp' iiinent in any
ttiiir Cuuntiy. 'I'luy compole loine pneiir. and .^^oiigs
a:.d apply theinfelvcs to Wilting, and llie ,li,ihci» Aiith-
n'.tt;ck, wliich eiitlers but little tiom our., .Some ot (licin
a-- very good Meihaimks, elpcually lor the- buildnn', of
(iiliies, and tiiey make all lorti ol lion woik ,is Well as
any where die, though tiny do not woik Willi the liime
Fanlity ,ind De.xtcriiy .is the huru/f.iin, I'liey woik very
well ill Copper and Wooil, and loine ol iheiii .uc Ikilled in
culling uf Artillery.

The King enteitains tline IiuiuIk,! ( loldliiinlis in his
Ciille, Ivfules a great many oilur Aililans. .Since this
Km;:; came to the Ihroiu-, the .Siili|.cis of /l,/wii have got
the Name ot the bell Soklieis in Itiilhi ; lor ih.y endure
l-.itigue wonderlully, and art- exulleni Pioiuds, as ap-
peared in the .Sieges ot .';J(/c</ii ami P.h, the kill being a
Flaec-ol great Strength, loiiilieil by llie /\llill,iine .iiul Con-
trivance (j| the I'oriii^ufzi', and d lendid ly .i Perllin ot
preat \'ak;Ur aiul Uepui.iiion, wliuli if Veilh.lels the King
ot //(i'.-« took in fix Weeks rime by culling Treiulus,
and gradually advanimg iliem. I hty livi- Vi ry liiberly,
a:;;! tor tlie moll piait upon Km, to wliiili the liclur loit
iray add a tiiiall Mi'ui of I'llh, ,uid a f^ w Ibibsi aiul
he nuill Ik- a great l ..id indi-cd ih.it in a P.iy's I'lme cits
alien Ixjiled or brmled Upon the l o.ib, Il li ,i coninion
Ijying among tluiii, that it iheie wiie two ihoiiland Cliii-
liuns ill that Countiy, .ill their llecl and I'lnvK would
quickly beconlumeel. I'luy picieiul to be vciy llric'l Afo-
t:.imidaiis, but are gi(.,i llyponin-, and Dill'emblrrs,
tiiecully in then Uclpta to ill-- Knij',, wluiiii ihey wouhj
1ft iianged it t!-,ey u.ukl, It ihey lulpril, though willi-
<.t Realon, that any one ilois not love ill; m, to prevent
l.> being in a Caiiaiity to iiiilii pii lent liicni to the King,
t'ley'll torni an Aei illation aijaiiill hull beloie the King,
3'-^i It is the precjuency ot iliite Auulailoiis tli.it makes the
King lij cruel ; toraliiiu. h as il prilu.idis liiiii that there
are more Conlpiiacicb .ip,.iiiill hull than llim' ate.

Ill line, tli.y aic lui li a wicked loit ot iVople. tliat
II is a common tiling amv)ng iliuii t.ii oiu Hioilm to ae-
cule another, or the Son the l..iliei, ,iiid it you eh.iige
them with Inliumaniiy, ami Want ol Conluinie, upon
that .'store, th-y'li till yuu ih.ildo.l is l.ir lium lliem >
Ijiit the King of Aihcn \i mai al hind. I'uiliiant to the
4

1 line, he is cited a tUond time, and mull (ithcr pay it in
Court, or elfc have his I laiuhs tied behind hi:. Hack with
a Wyih, in wliieh Piifluie he ccntiiuies 'for no I.o.ly .lam
I" untie him; and is oMigal to appear lieloie the Couic
i veiy Day that it lit-., till he latishis the Debt. At lall, it"
ill - Judgi perceive, that he .ippears every Day, aiul is not
iap.ibleof kitiJ'ying the Debt, lie delivers him up to tho
Cieehior to ferve him ,is a Slave, impowering the Creditor
to cairy him home, or tell him, or to do with him as he
pleafes, fo as he does not put him to Death.

'I'his Court fits every Morning, except I'ridiiy, under a
great Bali lu.ir the great Mofk, and one of the greateft
ami liclii-ll: Orankays prcfules in it. Ihidet another Bali,
liy the Callle Gate, there fits the Criminal Court, in which
1^ vera! ot the prineip..l Orankays pircfide by Turns. Un.ier
the Cognizance of this Court are all Quarrels, Murders,
Robberies, Ut. committed in the City.' Any Criminal
m.iy be llopped, or taken up, [)y a Girl or Child of four
or live ■^'eais of Age ; f )r whenever Hands are laid upon
him, he dares not but Rami like a Statue, and luft'er his
I lands to be tied, in order to be dragged before the Coiur,
where Jullice is immeeliately put in Kxecution. I liave t'een
[;ieat lazy Scoundrels dragged in that I'alliion by little
Children, anil condtained to receive Lallies of a Wytli
upon tlu- Shoulders, for fleaiing the ^'aIlIe of a Farthing.
After the Fxetution is over, neither Criminal or Informer
ciare complain -, nay, rometinui they return together eciually
uiicoi'.cerned. I litw a Ma:i tried there for having peeped
tlirough a I ledge to li-e his Neighbour's Wife walliing her-
felt, and condemned to receive thirty Latlies upon the
Shoulders -, but after the Sentence was pronounced, the
Criminal cap.itulated publickly with tlie l-'.xecutioner, and
alter li.ime Woids g.ive him twenty Maes in open Court, in
Confideration ot being oidy whip'ped above his Cloatlis.

It is a comnio.-i Culloni in that I'lace to bargain with the
I'.xecutioni-r for mitig.iting the Puniniment -, for tir.-re'i
never a D.iy but the King orders a Nofe, Eye, I-".ar, llar.d,
Foot, or Tellicle to be cut off from Ibmc Body or other ;
and upon thele Occafions the F.xecutioncr gets Monty for
doing his Hunml's handfomely, ami with little Pain ; for it"
the Criminal does not come up to his Price, and pay i'.ini
in ready Money upon the Spot, he will cut the Nule, f"or
inllance, t'o deep, that the Brain may be Iccn throiigli tlie
Wound, or mangle a Foot or a Leg in two or three Pieces,
trc. In all thefe cruel Mutil.itiuns, and even Cielding itfelf,
tcarce any one dies, though I'ome of the Perlbns thus
maimed are above tilty or fixty '^'ears of Age ; aixi the
only Remedy they ufe is, to put the wounded Part imme-
diately into Water, and after it has bled a little, cvalli it
and bind it up with Linnen Cloths. After a Crimm.d has
thus lufl'ercd Jullice, whctlu r by the King's Command, or
by the Judge's Sentenie, all tlie Ignominy of his CiimC:
is wiped oil, and it .my one upbraids him with it, lie m.iy
kill him with Impunitv.

There

'ir.

!V I ,;■

. I t

74+ ^/v EXPEDITION of Cowmocit re Rkaimilu Book I.

\\ ■ I

\h'

l'^' ■<

l^:

There is anoilirr Court, in wliiih llir ("acly or Rilhop
prrnile', tlut takr* CogniMmr ot all Inlriiv^niunt^ ui>ou
tlicir Rcliaimi. I'l the AlfanJ.imir likcwilf there i« a Uali
liir ilittrnuninj^ DiU'ircmTs .uncri; Merrhams whrtlur
Native* (ir Ion igiu n, the I'lerultnt ot which n the Oian-
kay l-Mimutf, whn in a iiuiiiicr ;;ii»frii' the whole C ity.
Ill t!ii» AHaoilapic t!iey keen an cxad Aaotint ot all the
Cuiloms (iilts, Kiii(5, anil Lommtxiitie* tielonging to the
King, with a lurtiuilar l.ill ol all the IVribn* Names that
buy ot tht Kini;, or piy the Duty, or make him I're-
lents, to the rnil they nuy lie capal)le to give his Majclly
a latistadtory Auoimt how every Thinp is ililjmlui of i
tor if their Acmiinis be perplexnl they (an expect nothing
t)Ut Death. Heluies tlieic, there are tour Orfkcrs called
Fangoulow Cavalo, who take Copnizanre ot all Things
ilimc in the Night- 1 iiiv, luth is running theCio<j<ls with-
out paying the Duty, KoUxTies, (s'c. I'jch ot thefc his a
•luarter of the City i. uler his Jurifilidion. l-atther, e.ich
ot the Orankays hath a I'rovinie or Country- DilUu't umlct
his Jurifdirtiori, where he gives Oriiers, and aiiminitters
Jullice to the Inhaditants.

Some ot the priiu ipal Ormkays refuling near the City,
arc ol'ltgeii to give OiJcrs tr>r a Watch ot two hiiiiJreii
Horle that patrolls every Night in the Country am! almip
llie Shore. As (or the Callle, or King's I'alaie, the inner
Part IS tilled with three thouraiid Women, which he keeps
lartly tor a Guard, and partly lor other IMes. Thele
Somen roinc feldom out of the Callle. They has'c a
Market-place of their own, .vul trallick with one anotlier
in liuh ManulaL^tiifts as they m-ike. They are ranged
under I'cveral taptains, am! have their Civil-Ju.'gej, and
Night Otficers as well as the City. None are allowed to
enter into their Apartments Iwt the King's F.iinuchs, who
arc faid to bt in Numbir about five hundred. Brfides
tliefethe King lu". a great many Wives and ConcuhiiRs •,
and ot thefe his Wives, twenty arc the lawful Daughters <.l
the King's sshom he liAS pillagetl. 'the lall Wife tint lie
had by IIk h Mca:i5 was the (^iccn ot Pera, who i^ l.iid to
be very handfonie, and from svhom he rontraCtetl a Dil-
cafc that i-, I.kvW to carry him oft", unlcfs the Vigour ot
his Age, which is now m its Prime, be alilc to ovettonie
h.

By all thefe Wives he has bm one Son of eighteen Years
of Age, who 15 yet more cruel tlian lumfelt. This I'rinru
has only the Qiuhty ot a fimplc Orankay, and is always
confined to the CalUe, except wheu he goes to the Molqiu,
and then he has a pomjxjus Krtinue. .Some time a;.',Li Ins
lather gave him the liivtititure of the Kiiigilom ot PfJir ;
Wi his (iovernmeiit was f) ctuel and licentious that the
Xing callfti him home ami put him to llrangc Torments ;
from which Time he hath llill kept him svith hinilllf. In
the great Court, where the King's Ajurtmcnts are, the
i.unuchs keep guard •, tjelicies whii h there arc a tiuanJ of
an hundred and lifiy Slave, at ore (iate, and another of
ihc like Ni.ml)er at the outer date of all. Thric Slaves
are niuiily Foreigners taken in young, and bred up in the
txttcife ot Arms and Shootin;';. Tluy are conlined with-
in the CalUe, and allowed to loiiverle with no Ixniy -. 16
that the King nukes olc ot them to ovcr-awc iiis own Sub-
jeds, and Irigiit thcin from trealijiublc Dtfigiii. All the
Punifhments mfi;:V:din theCalllc arc put in I'joxution by
thefe Slaves.

To put the Oankays in the Cuftixly of thofe Slaves he
ranges them in tiirct Comiunies, one of which i-, obliged to
keep Guard in the Cattle Day and Night, without Arms,
in a Court furround-d by Slaves v fo that every third
Night every Noblcinan coni'^ upon Guard i and if any
fulpiciou. Plot Oiould Ix dirc<>V( red, the King lias always
a tiiird Part of his Nobility ni his I lands. U any of the
Orankays fail to obtlrvc the third Night, he undergoi-s tlic
]^A\ ol his Life, together vKitli the Confifcation of his
Goods Wivr, Children and Slaves. The Oiankaysdarc
not convcrfc laiiiiliarly, or have frequent Interviews one
swith another, lor the King fiifp' dts all I'amiliaruy among
them i U) that th'-y never convcifc together, unlcfs itbcup-
©n anacf Klcntal Keniounter that they laluteeach other with
a great ileal ol Coinpl ulance. Wh- never they, or any bo-
dy tile, eiU'.i tht Ulllc, thy arc obliged to take oR"

their Sword, ami put it into the Hands of the Guard jt
the fecond Gate. '*'

.M. I'he City of JtheH is more like a Villjgr t!,,,, ,
City, Ix-mg an open Plate wiihoni W.ili,, and the talll-
IS no more loriilied than any ordinary (i ntleinan's lloui,"
It h.is about halt ,i I /-ai-.u.- in C irrunitc renre, of m uvjt
Kigure, lurroundid witii a Ditih of twenty hvc or thirty
Font deep and Imiail, the Hanks ot whiih are aliiiull . ■, i
tedilile, liy rrjli)n ot their Ste(| tiel^ aiul being loverciiii
Thickets. IViotv-the Cillle ihel ,;rth is ( all up u, Bini,,'
whuh lerves lor a Wall. On the | iip of t'ns Ujnk tiuiv
grows J gre.it iii.my large K< e,!', as lall as Ath-iiees, jr!|
planteil fo thuk tliat one cannot he through tin nj, jt ,.,
prelent Death lor any one to iitiuh tln' LUt l)rari!i d
theft Keals \ for tlu King of Abiii\ I inib.illa.lor lu//.,
1.IH.I, iijion his K( tiiin home, having lorr.ot this OnKr, n J
unluckily puliin;', oil a Imall 'Iwig, ssas iinniedutely 1 1,\
fo Death. I hrle Ueeds enjoy a ptrpeiiul \ etdnu-, anil
laniiot Ix- lit on l-'ire. I loiild oMeive no llanksnr Bal
turns round the CalUe but upon the Side wliij) Uceitli-
Moli^ur 1 I law the Beginning', of lii\eral Kani|wifi, Lut
nothing ytt finilhed. Ik-fore the liat>s there arc neither
Ditihes nor Draw-bridges, l)Ut on eai h Si^lo ol every tiato
there is a Stonesvall .ibi iit t'li or twelve lout liit;li liiri,
porting a 1 1 rralv, <in whiili a CoupL' of t'me BuK.
Ciuns arc planted. The ( i.ites ,irc as hi^h as die Wjl!
and are made of a tlrong fort ot WikxI, bviiiglhut o;i th.'
Inlide with two gnat Crolslars fixed in the Wail, l,cii,i, i
other Bolts. Throu;',h the Middle ot the C.illlt th-r,-
pallrs a fmall River, that dcftemls lioni th" Moiir.M,-.
the Water ot wimh is veiy coil, .ind agree.ihle. ['iv\t
die Banks ot this River there are Ste'r- tor IVople tJi;i.»
down and walh themfelvi».

Before we come at the King's .Apaitiii-nts we'paii fuix
Ciatcs, from one of ss'hieh tlu-re runs a high Wail, Uuk I
with a Terras, svith lesTral Brals-Giins upon it, wi;.'..:i
which, as I take it, is tht. King's .Arlenal. This Kan,.
part indoles P.irt of a very long Court IriHitmg ot the
Houles, in which 1 have ken three iuindred F.le[iharii
at a time. I'he oilir P.irt of this Court is encleli! ly
lour gi.at I'avillion', and a Itjii ol .i .Stone- Kani|\iit,
whith lommands thi' I'erras, king toi tilled smJi a I'ar,
{xt. As lor the :i ,'• Part ot the Callle, I tan give tij
.At count ot It, I)! I'l ■. ileiiitd .Accel".. To coiulu^ie, il,.-
I'ortilitatio-.s of tins PL.lc arc inionlidt rable, hut its Ave-
nues are very diliimlf, lor the Country alxiut it is lull of
Rivers, Mardies, Tree:, ami srry clol'.- I'liirkets, Wli'ie
the Rivets enfr tlie C.ilUe, there n. a Sionel-ort, conlilii .;
ol a large Bafticn, and two Court, nes, w:th leveral (.i.;.i
mounted ujxin them. V^nn tiie l-inilfide tlirle Ci;iirii!.;i
a-e joined by a Rainjart made j)f Tiir", in which there n a
Gate, but without either Ditih t^r Draw-bi:il!',e, tlulclciig
wanting to the whole Fort. The \S alls Ixjihol the U.ill: :i
and Courtines arc eic;liteen ^oot broa 1 and twenty Ick,;
high. Bi-fore this Foit the King lun a I'l aluri-lioule, I y
svhich there arc icveral FilT'ijvjniis and phalimt Waik ,
the whole being iiuloled with M liitrencliimrt made iii
Turf, the Breall of sshich it. ten or twelve Foot hi!;h, x,\
moated atx)ut, wlicre tVM> or three tliouland .Mm ni.iy :i.'.
Before this Intrtnchment is a liiull 1 ort, covereil w.;li
Thicket?, and dit. ht d about, upon which there arc ft'vc-
ral Pietts ot Cannon.

The Country round all thefe Forts is l6 full of .Mardic-,
Ditches, and 'frees that iliey call .Nipjuers, that it is ..
moft iniprac'ticalile to iiiaii h throuj'Ji ic. Palling I ni
ssard from the Caftle along the Shore, we met with Icvt
ral little Forts ol 'I'urf, liirrounded with Thickets, .i:kI
placed at a Mullxt Ifiot Dilbuicc one trom another ; c'l
each of which there .ire two or three Pieces ol Cannon,
but 16 covered with Buflies that they are nut vilible. f>
thefe Foits there is no (iuard by Day, but m the Nn',!.t
Time the llorfr-w.itih, as iKtorc-mcntioiied, pitrol! nm;''
them ; the Wellern Shore is more accellilile and ilelli
tutr (A' Forts. About a Pillol-lhot from this Shore is a
Canal abtjvc forty Foot broati, and very deep, that iiu
out of the great River, and luns along the Shore to il' ■
Side (A the Mountains. 1 laving jalTed that, we rtut v>iil'
a plain op.n Country, fjcc from Diichcs iiid 'IrtiiJ;-

\\:v

Book I.

Clinp. II.

to the i: A S T - 1 N D I E S.

I laiuN oi ilic (iuurJat

lilv>' a Villagr tbiLi
it \V,ili., anil the Ullij
;iry (J iitlciiuii'i ||i,uh
runitiMia', ut an uvj|
>» iwiity live or thirty
t wliull iK alllloft i;i:u

r< .iHvl licinpioviTci iry

i'.rth is iulhi|)iii BiiiKs,

i "1) ot t!ii^ Dank tiki,:

as (.ill a» Alhia-cs, ar,|

.1' tludunh tlum. It ,,

lull till- I., ill llrar.ii, ,t

hn\ I iiib,ill'.i,lur to//;,.

ijjiorr.iii tills OnKr, aij

i, W.1S iiiimalutcly [in

|<i.r|)iiii.il \ culiiu-, ami

liivi- lu) l-Uiiksiir B4I

the Skir wliiili Ucii lie

t l<\cr.il U,im|i,uis, kc

li.it.s thiTi" arc iitithir

1 r.ii li ^rl.' I'l cviry tiatt-

r twelve I'liot high tiiji-

CoupL' ol fuR' Urals-

irc a» lii^h ai die Wall,

\V<K><I, I-, inn (hut on the

tcil III tin: Wall, licli.Vi

ill-- t.t till- t.illlc t!:,T:

lis tioin til" Moiint.i(:-, ,

, .inii d^ri'c.ihlc. I'j-v'if

■ v. • tor IVople to w

Ajuitii) 'in? we'pJii lux
iius .1 liigli Wall, Ixiik .1
ils-Liuns uj'un it, wi;!,..i
\ Arli-n.il. I'hi'. K.im-
y Court Ir.miiiii; ot the
irtv luitulral I'.liphanw
tins L'l'iirt is I'liclulvd ly
jit ol .1 Stoiic Ran)|uit,
•ill;!; Iiiititial viili a I'ar..
I lie Call If, 1 la'i i;ivc wo
,cel>i. To comlUv!r, tl.;
lor-.Tuhrabic, hut its Avc-
.'uuiitry alxmt it is full of
ry I'll))'.- riiickrLs. Wline
r. a StJf.fl'ort, conliili;;
iirtiK-s, w;tli Ccvtral (ii.:ii
• l.iiul IkIi' tlirl'- O-iiriiiKi
t 'I'lir!, til \\liiLh till re 11 1
r l)r:iw-l)r:(l!',r, ilKlclciii;

■ Walls iKJihOltlicBalh :i
)t liroa.i ami twenty l>i'.
i{; has a I'l'.aliirc-liuuli', I y
vjiiils anil pUalant Walk .
an IntrcticliiiKi't rnaJe »'•

or twvlvc I-'tiot high, a: .1

rcc tliouiaiu! Mm may li-.

liiull 1 ort, uivtrii) wttx

i[)on winch tlicrc arc Irvc-

Totts is li) tul! of Mardic-.
•all Nij'l'icri, that it i>. •■
[hroii{!i!i It. r^il'^itJ 1 "i

Shon-, WT met with lew
unticil with 'I'hickas, a.l
ncc one Iroin .inother 1 i"'
,r thuc I'leas ul Cannon,
at tlu-y arc not vilibif. 1:>
l,y Day, but in the Ni:.'J'
rr-incntioncJ, pitroll r<m:'..!

inori- actellililc anil ilclli-
l-lhot froni thb Shore is a
, and very dctp, tliac n'' ■
utisak'ni; the Shore totlr
nirplTAltliat, ^ve^Kt^M;.■
0Il! Uil^h" li"' ''•'':'-'•■,

li is computeil that Aclcn .mil the ailjacrnt I'laces in that
Valley, arc able to raile 400(^0 Men ; but they have no
liK Amu or I'owdcr, for the Kiiifj keeps thole up in the
Cilll.', as well as his Artillery. That I'rince h,w above
two tliouland Brafs-Guns in his (Jallies, Forts, and two
jliiufes, where thry .ire heaped one above another, lie
is hkiwife w,ll tiirnilhed with I'irelocks, but Uuy arc
(hurt, and ill iiKAiiitrd.

lint his f.re.itrll Strcnptli he plan s in noo Ivlephants,
w!uli are bred to troad Kirc imdir their I'nr, and to be
iinnioved at the Shot ot a C.innon -, and hkewile to lalutc
the Kini; when they pals by liis Apaitmcnts, by bmilin^r
thiir Kncts and railiiH', tluir Irunk'. three 'I'linis. i'lie
Klin; I'.ive'i a Namo to eaeh I'lephant, and lonlers many
Hoiiouis on fiifli of th. in as aie moll lloiit and lUiic, for
he orders Umlirelias to be cariiid belore them as they p.ilj
tlie Sin-cts tor fome llx, tw- otl.ers tour, and tor others
two, in I'foportion to their Merit. Now there is not a Man
in./i/v'/lKlides the King, that is allowed the Privilege ot an
I'nibrella. I le matches the Male- IJephants witii their I e-
niali s •111' to '"'"*-' '''••' ^r^' '''■•II' ll to hitii, he alh^Vi leveia!
Concubines. 'I'lie I'.kplunts tliat the Kini» eoinmonly
inakis lie of, have a [;rvat deal ot I lonour [aid them, tor
as they pali alon^^ every lx;dy Hop, and m.ikis W.iy tor
thein i tor which I'urpote .1 Uoy ^-ocs belnn tliein with .1
coijprr fnlluineiu in his llanil, with which he makes a
Win'e to f.',ivc the iVople Notie. Wlien the Oil drops
fru:n their bus they are furious, nn.l it is not lafe to come
near them ; and .it that lime tlie !loy iinis .ihove f.-.o
hundred I'.ieis Ix-lor/ them, to ^\w tiv: I'cople earlier No-
tice, for they will Heal upon a Man llrangely ; ar.d not-
«-ithllandi;i[', tlieir hu^'c iiulk, m.ike no mor:" Noile when
th;y w.i'.k tiuii aKaf, tlioi-h, at the I'anje time, ui'on
thai n\ul1iy h(-llow UrocnJ, the 'Irot d a 1 lorle m.;l:ei
the ia:tli in a manner tremble.

Soiiiitimes till- Kit.r; is 01 1 of I lumour with his Kle-
[l,.ints, as v/el! .is vvit'i Iiii Subjecl':, .uid Ihev.s Ins liif-
jkallirr I ) robbinf5 tluin < f th; u \Viv( s, L'onrubinis, and
ether 1 loiioi:r5, and inlliciinf:; corpnal I'uniflimtnts in
the rnleiice of th- nil; for e.Ncmpl.uy Correction has
til" lame I;it"i;"nce uiontliem as upon Men, as appears
|<y the followmt', Inll.mce. ''i'lie Klliij, liaviiifj oi\tered
the I'aiibark.iticn of an iuindred b'lepliants for the Siege of
D.'/.jf, wlun the I'Jej hants v.eiv brotij-lit down to tlie
Shore, not one of them wouki enter the Ship. Tlio Kin<j;
bcifiu .uqiiainted with tlie Mattu (whicii fome ti'ok to be-
an ill Omen; c.'.me in IVrlbn to the Shore, and luvinj^
checked and chid them uiih .1 t'.rcit ileal ol P.ill'on, .ind
upbraiding them with tin- Breidii [t; and 1 lonour lie had be-
llowed Ujion tlum, cautld one ot the principal Mephants
to be cut in two before their b'yes, threatening the rell
witl, the fame l!iage if they did not embark immediately.
Thi^ c!one, they embarked very peace.ibly, and were ex-
treme tra<!table iUiriii|; ilte whole Voyage.

1 !icrcnev;r was a I'

in Achni tl'.at had furli a Dex-

'I'Ik y have con
which that pW.tci
( iun I for liime ol
IWfides thcto they

his

iliree

Rcgi.
their

tpr';:y in nuna^io!-; thel'e Animals •, he will Hand uji-
right Ujion tluir links while they run a full Speed : For
rry part, I h.iil ratlur run ten Stages on loot than tiile r!
f : r 1 .eagii; s upon an bJephant, tor it is a very iine.ify I'o-
I't'.je to tl'.ole wlu) .ire not act iil'umed to it, efpecially it one
Ills Ixhind, for the l-'orepait ol tlie SlmuKleis is the llil'tell.
^Vh'.n the Kinjj; was well, he uled t ) hunt every other
R.iy. In Ills St.ibks he has ;ibui:t two luinJrcd I lories,
f.fty of which mipjit be wortli live hundred Crowns a-
fitee in /7<5«f<-. All of them have rich and imgnificent
Trapping.

.;.'. 'I'lie King of .lihin \< llri;nger by -Sea t!ian any of
l.i^ Ntighlxiurs, tor he has about an hiindreil great (iallies,
't which a third I'art i'. mtieh larger than any we build in
t-'hnllendom. 1 l.iw tlie Keel ot an orilinary one that was
an hundred and twenty Foot lon[', all in one Piece. They
biiik; their (iallies very prettily m that Country, but they
arc too heavy, lor they are liroader and higher than tliey
f'Ui;ht to be •, befides, their Kigj'ing is too weak for their
Bulk Thrir Oars have luitl. r 1 t ngili nor Weight UiHi-
ri'iit, being only I'oks, with ,1 1'l ce ot Boanl at one F'.nd.
They 1 ui but two Men to an Oar, who Hand upright
«V.'n they row. Their Sails are not made like Mi/.en-
Sa:ls, but tliuare, like thole ot a SIiip. The Sides gr

Numb. 5U.

745

rianks of thefc Gallif « are fix Inthe.* thick ; T. that coo.
lidtriiig thctr Dultieli, one of our Eurepiatt U»J.ht« mittht
beat ten of ihem, °

\ three good Pieces of Cannon, of
liourfcy \% riot kfs than a Battery-
will ca- -y a Bullet of forty Pound !
- - , . ec fevt ,•**' Falc ^ns, which they
|;lant U'fore and al)aft. The lungf ft Gall.' , have commonly
lix or eight hundred vlen. Their .w confifts not of
.Slaves but ot poor I oplc, that ruv vvry well. Ihe
King's Wars are not vny chargeable 1 . him, foi
Subjee'ls .lie obliged to march at his Couiv'uand Uj,,
own t h.irges, and carry Provifion with them -v
Month'-. The King gives them Arms, of whie

tier is kept, they biing obliged to reftorc thcih

Ueturn. Their Wives, and Children, and their Fafcnts,
It they Iiave any, are anrwei.ible for their Behaviour i for
it they n»; ink, or give w.iy belore the Faicmy, not only
tliemlelves but tliile, tlieir innocent Relations, lulTer for it.
I5y this means the King has brought them to be good Sol-
dieis, and the Turor of their Neighbours. If they con-
t'li'.ue .il ove three Moi.ths in thi; Field, the King is at the
Charge cl Kiee to maintain thun.

Ills (i lilies coll him as little as his Land Armies, for
he divides them among I;is principal Oraii.k.iys, obliging
them to fit them out, take care of them when they re-
turn, and t' jxiir them at their own Char^.s, ar.d orders a
certain Number ol People to [>e ready upon the Comni..nd
ot lu(ii and fuihan Oranluy, to .iflill at thefc Services.
Tltu (.irankays are very caretul of the Gallies, lor if thcfe
fail, they either lofc their Lives, or build new ones in
their room. For that rcaliw, when the Gallies come into
the River to be laid up, they clcanfe the Dock very care-
fully, and then lay great Pieces of Wood acrols it, which
are tin Feet dillant trom one another, and lie upon an cx-
ae't Level, lell the Gallics Ihould bow when tliey lie upon
them. Wiien tlie Tide comes in the Elephants draw
the Gallies up upon the fe Summers, which lie above ten
FVet from tl-.e Ground, that they may get underneath to
view and c.iulk the Ship's Bottom. This done, they run a
Dyke of 'J'urf, Stone, aiul Planks between it and the River,
and then fill the Dock with Water, to the upper Surficc
of t!ie Son;mers i this tliey do, that the Gallies my be re-
freHied liy the Water, but fo as not to dip into it, leil
Sea- Worms Hiould breed, in them. Having laid up the Sails
ar.il Rigging, they cover the Marts very carefully with
Palm tree Leaves, lo that neither Rain nor Sun can hurt
tie in; befides, they h.ive a great Roof that they bring
entirely over tlie G.illey. After that, they put Water in-
to it, to the Depth of four or five Feet, to keep the
Plaiikj. freOi, .ind prevent their being fpht by the Heat.

All this is done in five or fix Days, and one cannot ima-
gine how well they preferve the Galley, and how readily
tliey laimeh it again : For, the Dock being full of Water,
there is no Oeeariuii for caulking, and the Rigging is at
I land, ami the Roof is taken olV in a Minute, ihe Water
in the Galley being thrown out into the Dock, augments
rhe Water there, which lets the Sommers alloat, lb that
they arc calily removed; upon whicli the Water rulhing
into the River, carries the Galley along with it. Every
Morning and P.vening, upon the opening and fluitting of
the C'.flle (iates, the Kingcaules a Gun to be fired, and
if any of tlie lu ighbouring Kings fliould offer to do the like,
he wuuld lieclare War againll him, alledging, that be-
ing the Inventor of that Cuftoin, he has a Right to en-
grot's it, as a .Mark of his Grandeur: Me prohibits the
lliooting of Mufkfts, or Firelocks, in the City, on any
other Days but Mondays and Thurfdnys.

4j. From what has been faid, it is manifell, that this
King cannot but be very rich, for in War he is only at
the Charge of Arms, Powder, Lead, and Rice, which is
very inconfiderable, and in Peace he fpends yetlefsj for
as to the M.iintainancc of his F\imily, he has more Rice,
Fletli, Fiili, Fowl, Oils, Sugar, and Herbs, paid him by
his Siibieds, than is contumed in the Caftle, and the Sur-
plus is i'old in the Market lor his Advanuge : Befides, he
allows his Servants nothing but Rice ; if they cat any
thing elfe, they mult purchale it by their own Labour and
Indullry. He amalTes together great Quantities of Rice
J D every

f| •!'

|:l

I; !

r :t.

746 T'he E XP ED/TIO y of Coinniodorc Bi Ar m 1 1 ijod, \^

\i--

my '

I -in . '

A-w,

rvrry Yuri tor, hivmn UrRC hfrrdijjry Countries lie
iiartrK tlirni out amonn \\\\ Su^i«vti to Ix- maniirrti, ob-
liging tluiii fo (urnilh liiiu witli 4 iirt4in (JM.intiiy ol
Kur every Year, whnhrr ihr t ri.p l»c j;ckkI tir U I, «ml
he lalcuUten the ThhIucI of hn I JtuI lb very Duly, that
the Karmtr> tannot Ik- i.lle it tluy maintain ilmnlrlv. •,
anil juy ihc Kinj;, who never lutrv them allium 'llu
Hue he j>ut» into hi^ Ma^a/ine^, anilkic|'Mtiii> till the lat-
ter \^•■^ ol Aim.inn, at wlmh I nnc it tctili>^4 tlouhic
Prii-e, andtirair, all the [hm;! IVn; Ic ot thtir Money i if
i( !»• 4 iilentilul Y«4r m .hl'fn, hv lin.U it to lonu' neigh-
bour ii;' Ciuntry wlurc Uicc is Ii4rie.

Ill IM vi^\ Ilrnli ol C"4tile keju hy hi< Sbves. I In
I'lephiM* of* him nntl.in^',, lor he give < them no Rue,
only th>' I tiinkj o( PJmina Tree*, wliu li Uinn uit, 4
Spnut t('m(5 up next V<-4r that Inar^ Kiuit. A» for Inn
C<>i><>. they I oil hiin m)f!im(.', lor the Orankays take
ir< re Care ol them than thru o*n ChiMrrn. I U n 4t no
Charge lt,r lin own or hn Wointiis Cloaths l« r «)iu- irr-
tain Pay of th' Ytar, all that have any DiVwr*, or I'laun
ill Aivi, arc iiNii;eJ to make him 4 I'ltlint ol one or
niore Ijarnrnts Kcortlin^ to the Inn mts «l their I'la<e»,
or ell,' ol StuiS tor cNaihinj; tin- \Vi,men, an.l ever/ i.::^
Ihivis til (>ijti:ii anoth'r in thi M.i^riruinie ot lii> I'u-
tent. 111 oriler iiiirr to pnn un 4 lietter l*l4ce, «)r to Ic-
curr- what h" has. It he ctoi s not like the liaiiiiciits, or
StulVs he returns them luck, aiul the Olhirr that ^;avc
ihem It lure to l<e turned out of hi* I'ol^ un|r|j he
quiikly aa-omnuKlatrs the Matt r hy a !ari;r Sum ol Mo-
ney i i;r if ht U a Man ot Ki l»e^, he ihail In- i harj'/il
wiih fonie Male Aiimii.Uhation m hisOdke, aiul jKrluj*
put to iV.ith.

lie caulis a prcat many UnuCrs ro 1^ 'milt of iou,'^,h
Stone, which rolt him Lot very litti'-, tho' tiny wimlil L>c
very chargeab!.- to another, Iviaulc Ik has tilth large
Nutr.'ers of Slavr*. Tho' thtt'- Muults arc retk>)ntil in-
imiial>lc in that Country, yet thry are inlinitely Ihorf of
whit W( have in hur^pf. I lis Slaves inileeil have a Utttr
Life t'an any Slavr* 1 kmiw, tur he iloes not i ham iluin,
imlefs th':y em'eavour to eli:ai>e, ur to lelxl a;'ainH their
Mafter^ ; ani) out of tipht Dayi he allows them lour to work
at vhit Woik they wri fir the:r f)wn l.ivrliho<jil ; and
thvs ti.f K;:;; p.iys i:olluii^, for ihtir Mamtcnatue. He
emjlt.s thtin t'lollly in tutt.n^ (t \Vi)oi!, making of
Mort.i: , lalwurini; in the Ql^l4r^l■.■^ aiu! nuiIdinRs. Thtrc arc
three 1 r four Ovcrlcers ot their Wmk, wi.o arc maintam-
«l by the SUves i fur thole w!)o umlcrtbnd any Trade
may live very hantifomrly, ami Ivjcxiviled trom working
for the Kirp, tor live-|>ir.ic a Day, whit.h it tettivcd l,y
Coniirl;"i'.trii^ apjiointei! for tl..it I'urpole, and f;';cs to
wanis the " "
Iron, and al. ' tiui MjIiiIjIs

The King ^;iV( s the Moikl of his Building himfcif, and
very uttu-, it a Window, or a Door, or any luch thin;; be
not exactly t<> his lancy, itown pucs the Mouft-, at.d ano-
ther mull be Imilt in ii'. I'lacc. Ht .i|'|M)iiits them a cer-
tain '1 ime in wimh tli/ Work mull Ix- linilh'd, wliich is
commonly I ut vrry ftimt ; li.r in t!ie fix Mi.nths that I
was at Alien, I law nv re Boild;nij;s reared up and pulled
down a'jain, than I lould have imagined to have been
done in two Years. 1 hefe Slaves may retleem themldves,
but I heir Kanlom nies according to thiir equality. The
King 1' 1 irir to .ill his Subic^ls that iiie withmit Male 11-
fue, and it tliry leave any Daughters then unmarried, he
l-uts them into tJie Callle, whuh occafions his Women to
l>c to numerous. In tliat Country, l)au^',htrts have no Ti-
tles to any Heritage •, and not (jiily the I'eoplc of y1(h(n^
I'Ut even all the Mchammtdam arc fo loath to part with
their Money, and to buoyed uj) with the I {djk-s of having
male Children by ore ot their many \V;Ves, that they Icl-
dom or never give any thir.g to their Sons in-I,aw in
their i-ife-t'tvie, and .. ter their Death they cannot have it ;
nay, even in thur Life-time, it the King's Spies oblcrve
them, it may do ihem more Injury than (iood.

The royal '1 lealury is likcwile eonfiderably enlarged by
the tort'ited l.i*atfs of thofc whom he puts to Death eve-
ry Day, tor to prevent their alienating their l'tlat\s, or
(lOotis, lie takis tliem at a Surpri/.al, and has their Wivei
Ch.ldien, SLtvi!, C'jt'.lc, Money, and all tort, oi Movc-

N5..1' renancc ot the Uvcrlecrs, the buying of

ables liKlgfil in the Caftic before tli, y know th'ir Sen
leiue. While I wai therf, I law the J,w,N, l,„M si
ver, and 4II the moveable (imxls bilortrin- ni 1 .'m
ther, bioughl in U|n.n the lame ()«. 4I1011. 1 1„. |>i.,|^,
he thus |Hit« to IK 4th, 4rc commonly flie Orankiy! T
girat I^ir.ls, and tlut lor one of ilu u . »o Hcai,,,,., *.]'l
Mthrr their Keput4tion and Infrell 4miiii(. \\y IVoi'
their Uicluii the tuimer gising him Uulion i,f ], ,' ',!
ly, and the latter awakening hit coveioui and avarkim,]
Timjicr.

The King ii Fleir to all I-orcigner* tlut die witliin |,;,
Territories , h)r as li«»n as a loreig-ur fiiken', th' K p •',
Dtf.iiiwirrlently take I'lilliHiun of hn Honlr, ,1 J,'.',
his Death, iiiiiove his I'lhils to the Calllr, and vrry'oi.
ten his Servants, I lunds, and Slavi«, ur put uioi, (i,(.
Hack, to ditiover where his (iold. Silver, and |r* l.j'
or where any thing is i!ue to iiim \ but the Enilijl ti\
Diiiib laving I 41 tones here, are exempt! d Irom tlin I aw
a^ wc Wire, while we itaul there, by the King's Cunrrl'
bun The King h.u anothtr bad (."ulloin ut ap; ropriat.rir
In hu own I'te all the Mtn 4nd (ioods of all Ships tlut
lufler Shipwreck upon his Coalt. No 1 orcii^ner tan v.\i:
the Call le witlii.ut making a I'refei.i to the Kiiim u u
tiu«' 1 wint without any, being allowed the lAul.iy
.ml i'liv, ledge ol a prim ipal Diankay, but at the Uim
Time I luver muld have Aiulicme Ujxm my own Af-
talr^ but when I ullierid it in witli a I'releiiti n.iy, jf ij.
thir I uieigncr or Native put in 4ny Keiiuell to t.'ic King,
the totnur is not liraid, and the lattir is punilhci! , anJ
afttr all, the KeijiKll will not l>c granted, unlels tir I'rf-
lent Ik- liked', tor I have leen the Dutih and /•»;' 'yi I're-
fentj lieiiueiuly returne.!, and in that C ale they'wtrc i.V
li[',ul to nuke more valuable (ntf-, liuh as WuuM p!aij
the King, Klorc ili-y obtained tlmr Delirc. No Id-
re^jnct can enter tie- King's t hamUr without tlieCliaiiic,
for which he pays a Kial to the OiVnrs that bear it.

\\ h'n 4 Ship lomes into the Koad ut .■Lbcn^ nunc if
then I rew mull go alliore till the Ch.ippe comes, ai;,l ill
the Duty ot that be paid, wIulIi amounts to tilty or fi.sty
Rials, accoiding to the Higncl's ot t!ic Ship, and upun
their Departure ttom the Road, they arc obliged to | a/
alxjut h4lt as much. The M.ori pay nothing iipiwi u
l-.xiHjft ut Goods, but Ujion the Imjioit the Duty b v,.y
heavy i tor they pay 10 po Qui. in tiold upon the l.itiy
tit all IukkIs whuh ate apprailed by the Officers ut the
jl./jiJi'juet and lotmnonly overrated 50 /ir CfHi. Ihe
J)ut,b and t.njijh pay as much, Imt then thiypayit i.i
the Commodity itlell, and 1.1. t in(iold. But tin gteat.il
Damp uion till Tra.ie III that i'lacc is, tliat the Kiiigen;',ro:-
ks It all into h.-. own i lands; tor what Coiiinio. ', ties lie i'l.ys,
he mull havi them under a Maikct I'ikc, and what he 1,1;$
nli^ to i-,u po CfHi. above it t to that it he cuntinius to
I any on his Commerce at th.:. Rate, the Duui and £i-
j(iijb \sill l)C r.bliged to abatu'.on tins I'lace, and it is with
that View, a'. I take it, that he dixs it ; for at pnll-nt, hi
is very |ealous ot thur Strength. Iiom wliat lias ken
laid, we may lately inter, that tlie King ot ..\ien \: i:\i\-
niiely rich, tlpci tally it we coniider, that over .iiid abuvi:
thi Ixrloreiuentmned Aiiii-les, he had an opulent Lxchcqucr
left him by his {■atlur.

44. To undcrlland how this prcfent King of Jd'nt
canu' to the Crown, we nuill know, tliut before the Kugn
ol his (iraniltathci , the Oraiikay. Iieing iiever opprtlled
by their Kn;gs, nor pillaged by otiur Nations, were very
ricli in Lan.is arul Houles, belidesCiold and Silv.r, and
gave 4 liientious Range to their inlolent and \ roiul Tem-
|)ers. In thole Days the City was lix times greater tli.in
It IS now, and lu cruwj.ed with People, that cue coulJ
Icarcc pals along, the Streets. No City in /'.'./•</ had lu
dootinuiig a 'J r.ide. I'he .Hf.in.ltqiic ixquired r.o Ciilloms
but that ot the Chappc ; Merchants miyht unload a.nJ
load again in 1 -, Days-time.

Ihc Oraiikasv lived in large llately Houfes SMth Ca.i-
non at then dates, and great Nuir.liers ot Slave-., iioth
to lirvc and guard them, 'i'hcy had magriiikcm Gar-
ment', and pompous liciinues, and were iiiucli r.lpeckJ
by the I'eoplc. This (irandeur and .Authority ut t.'.c
Orai.kays not tmly Irlilnctl tlic King's Auiiiurity, bJt
wa. otten taial to Ins I'crl'.wi, inloniich tlut it was 1

threat

Ill Book I.

ill' y know ih-ir jjfn.
'Iir JiWfl,, l,„K|, s,|.

''I""^"'^; to lu. Mo.
>i 4I100. T|,c I'cri;,,,,
'■ ily flu' 0.4Mkiyj, „r
I"" • >i) U 4ii.n<, Viz.
■«ni<iiin III' iVoi.,', or
urn tXi4lion dI' j. , ,,.
Lovtioi.i an J 4V4iKmw

K-r^ tlut ilir wiihin I,;,

Hf III km-, tiK Kn-'i

t lll^ I loiil'f, 4 ,1 u;, in

If C.illjr, and vrry u\.

1.1 vi», arc I'lu ii|ui, (1,1.

*mIv(t, ami jiw 1,4.,,

11 1 I lilt tlif Enflijh jikI

■X(in|itnl Ironi tint Liw,

liy llir Kint-'Nloiifrl.

(.'ij|<oiii ul a(i; ri)iiri4(,rg

CjihmI, (it all Slii|i< tlut

No J orcik;ncr (an ir.t.r

iln.t to ilu" Kmm It I]

H alliiwid thf ljii.il.iy

ankay, lut at the Ums

cMni- iijx)ii my own Al-

til a IVlent I ii.iy, if ci-

iiv Kfijiu ll to tlic King,

; laitir is ^llll',lll1a! ^ a.iJ

Uranicil, unliis tli" I'r:-

c Duti b ami A«;; yj I'rc-

tli.it I .lie tliiy were tH-

t^, liiili as WuukI plfaij

tlinr Di-lirc. Nu lo-

iiIkt without the Clu|i[f,

Diliurs 'hat Kar it.

Ko.iil ut Aihdtf nunc if

le (.h.H'|>c conies, ar.>l t.ll

anujimts to fifty or fiMy

> ot t!ic Ship, aiul upun

, thry arc obhgeil to py

;•; I'.iy n(,thinj; iipoji 1!.

Itniitiit tlic Duly !•- v,:y

/. in Ciolii upon the liitiy

ill i«y the Otlicers ot ilie

-rateii 51J /■<»' Cent, the

1, Imt then thiy pay it in

111 (iol.i. But llie j;reat.!l

leis, tlut the Kiiii;cn;',rof-

ivIiatCoiniiiii 'iiiesliebi.ys

.ct I'iKe, .nulwhat lie 1. lis

lc) that if he loniitum to

K.ite, the Duah an J if

I this I'lair, and it is with

liiKb It i tor at prt lent, t.:

[h. I' mm what lui been

tlic Kin^', lit .hieii IS i;i;i-

lijer, that ovtr .ind abuvi:

f liail an i>pijlcnt 1 .x^hcqucr

lis prcfent King of Achii
low, that before the K^ign
ay. Ixrinj; fnver opprtlled
V other Nations, weie very
ulcb (iolii am! Silver, and
r iiilolent and [ roiid Tcni-
was lix times greater tli.m
th rcuple, that ine lould
No City in /«>'."» Iiad lo
lulifit required no Cal'.oms
uhaiiti iiuyht unload and

(lately lloufes, \mi!i Can-
Nuir.lx-rs ot Slaves lioth
hey had maijniULent Cur-
, and were iiiucli r.lpec:cd
(ur and Authority ot t!:c
he King's Authority, but
I, iiilu:iii:ch tl'.at it was a
great

Chnp. n. to the K A S T- f N I) I K S.

, , ' \rtT^, and if met

|,p did. It wa^ wall lo nun li I rouble aiul | ).|K-ndaii( e uiKm rt\\

747

toankays th.U ru„h,nn but the I itle .| l), J "^,Si.ZT\''\^-'^''^V^

w. !■ >' i"f '"'"H. ...n,., a. this lar- till lHyiZ C" K>n ScSe"''" '" '-'"''' "' '""•^^' ''''" J^

„„aion ol tKc am ...,.i K„yal I ai.e, whul, juppcncd about After thu n«Ur.»in„. when 1... f.* rhat no M.y tlirrc.l.

tlic (j^iality of ()r.iiikays upon he. lavoui'itesanil Abetton,
llowin^ tliein part ot the l,.imlsof tiiL- cxeiutcd I.ord*.

tn-trd any thing lur liimlill or Ins l-aiiniy, bur h.ul ivni
n th'- Reputation of a wile, fxpeiitiiccd M.m, Uu^ then

,, veiity ^ laiN yt A^e. an.l del. eiuled ol one ol the noblell I le p^.r to Ueafl, the aneient CJraiikays, ai.d'th'oli: ofVhc

lamiiies in Ahn. I ' .< Or.ink ays aieepml the l'r..i«.lal, IVople that t. Il.lied any iJillike to h/comlu£t. inloniucli

,:, re-ard it did not (n their r-lp.aive iVetenlioiis, lime that in the llrll V>ar ..f his K- i;.ni he put to Death twenty

,I,fy only entitled hi. . to a I'retrcm- by reali.n ut Ins tlioulaiid I'.iluns, and in tlic teeoiul lomc thoulands more.
Aiv and I rudci.Le. But alter all, the old \ol,leman de- 'I'his I'n.ire tcit-ned a loin; time, and reduced the I ity

|;:al to be txailed, alkdt;inK that he h.id ivtind tor Tome to the Condition tlut it is now in. I le in: d th- Mrorii

,;,nr Iroin the All.iirs ot the W orld, iiid deliied to pals tlie Merch.ints very unkindly, but w.is cxtream » ivii t the

Kcni.iinder ol In . 1 .A'- in I'e nr. I Ij,,,,, ,|„, ,1^. Qrankays I':„i;!/h and Dutch, who U tiled th^re m hi, 1 i;..r He

t 1 tot;. tin r by tin' l.trs v but at lall, iimliny that ev.iy brcu^ht up this prelent Kini:;, who is the Son of iii» own

tliini; run in C'onlulion, they eiide.ivi,ui(>l to threaten the
11! i Oiankay into .in Aieept.mce ol the Crown j but both
t.'i;;r I'hrcats and Intnaties were eijiially iiulVic'tual.

At lull tin y lamc all in a Ikxiy to his I loufe, tin: Cady
nrryiii^ th.- Crown, and one of the Orank.iys a naked
Sword. There they repnlinted to the old (jnulenian that
ihiyoiiild not pollibly lind any otiur U.tnedy for tlw ir pre-
fv'nt Calamity, Init that ol maku.g hiin Kini;: I'hat us

Daughter, and tor whom he had apaitiail.ir l.ove. He
died ill the Year 1603, agteii ninety tive Years, liavinp, |jc-
hind him two Son', who were already adva.Kul in Years.
To the eldelt ot thile he Kit the Kingdom of //i/n;;, and
all his 'i"enitories aloiio the Cuatl ot Sumatr.t ta tli" Well-
ward, and to the other the Kn ^dom of /V..'/r, with the
Territories ujxjn the Ivall Coall (jf Sum,::r,i. 'V\\c two
I'rinces were of vo meek and humble a Tctr.per lur their

iheyludhtiiuently inipoituncil him to atecptid the Crown, Subjeds, lb that Murders Kwbbcri.s, 0\ pri!!",,);!, and ati

(i) they came i.ow onu- more to make the lall 0\\\\, and Inrmity of Dilbider;, reipjied in .-Uhot for wart of a Icverc

lh.it it he retuled it, they were determined to tut him off Kxetution ol Jullicc. 1 Ik; King of AJcn h.ippjnini; to

iinmedi.itrly, to pievent tiuir infiliiiKi; any longer on an give foinc llight Rebuke to his Nipluw th- prefjnt King,

i,!.lels l,x|Kdient. 'I'lie okl (,)rank.iy lindini; himUlf in a whom he tntert.iined at his Couit, tdc youiiy; IVinec made

Pilemma, told then;, tli.it tho' he had llrnily relblved to his I'lle-ipc out ot the Callle, and \Ted to his Uncle the King

liiilli his Day^ with-ut the Di(luil)aiRC of publiek Allairs, of l\dir, who {^avc him a v, y |;incl Reception. The

vit lince nothinp, but Ins muuntin^^ the 'throne could pro
Vint a ptrnKiout War, he .iceepted their Oti'er with this
i'n.vilo, that they Diouid ref|)fct him as a Father, and he
ftuulil treat them as his C'hildn 11, and they Ihould receive
h;s CuneCtion as from the 1 binds ot tlu-r ow n I'atlii r. This
laid, they all thanked him, |'romirin^ not only to Iionoiir

Kiug ot /hhin delired his III iier to fend his Ntpliew to
.Liin 1 but his Brother 111.1 Aiifwer, tliat he would not
olVer Violence to a younp, I'lincc whom their Father I. ad
rerommcnded to their (. .ire. li'iion this the two Brethren
declared War one aj^ainll another, the Forces of PiMr
liciny comm.inded by tiie Nephew, who is now King. In

him as their F'ather, but to ttlpeCt him as tlieir S.jvercign this War above lixiy thouland Men w.re killed between

Lord, anil invelliil him inll.ii.tly w;th thf Royal D.i^nity.

4-,. After his Coroii.ition he too!. I'ollellion ot the Callle,
and invited all the Orank.iys to a Feall \.\\n)n an appointed
n.iy, and m.ide liuh vail I'lijMi.itions tor their Reception,
that the Oiaakays were Ihiiek with Admiration. 'I'hc
Oraiikays Were dr.iwn up in Ordi rill a Court near the King's him, and laid him in irons.

them, and the Nephew had oftentimes the Advantage
But at l.ill the I'oiees of .iJjcn being more numerou-;, tholb
of Piiiir retul. d to niarili. L'pon whith their Kie.g was
obliged to deliver up his Nipliew into rlie Hands of the
King ot .kbcn, who iiniikdi.it^ly put a llrong Guard upon

.^lurtlllent, and conducted by the Cliappis into u I lall •,
but as every Man entered the I I.ill he was immediately
Ici/i.l, and draggCil into another Court Inliind the Build-
in-), wh-re the King had cauled a deep Ditch to Ik; dug,
ujHjn the Brink of winch their Throats were cut, and then
tlicir Bodies were thrown into it. In ilie mean time the
Miifick played, and nothing but Songs and Mirth was heard
lit the I lall J and the Matter w.ls earned on fo warmly,
that one thuifand one hundred were lut oil' before thofe in
the Rear i ould perceive any thing of the Matter ; at which
Time the Imall Remainder ilippeil loltly out of the Callle,
Without knowing diflinclly the CXealion of their Millrult
t li the next Day that the prii cipal Orankays were milling.
The King having thus cut oil" all he ful[>eened, and tor-
i::ii-d himfelf with a good Body of Men in the Callle, he
I'.iblillied a Declaration, letting forth, that this great lixe-
cutiiin was ntceflary tor the Safety ot his own I'trfon and
thi' .State 1 that as in former times the Orankays had m,ide
a.nj dethroned many Kings at I'lealure, and extinguilhed
the ancient Line, fo when they were at the I'olnt ot cut-
ting one another's Throats, they could find no other
Kemedy than that of making him King by Force, in
irder to iile lilm as they ilid the lormer Kings upon
Oicafion i that lime he was King In- would not be expofed
i« the incoiilla.it Iluniouis of the Orankays, who, after
ilicy had malfacred iiim, would have rcLipled into their tor-

Some time afterwards tb.r P':rtugucze made a Delccnt
uijon Achat, and carried the lirll Tuil b'ort at the Lntiy of
the R.iv( r, but couki not nulU 1 ilie Stone one. In this
Juncture the young I'. nice deliied hij l.'ncle would K t him
go and light .i;',ainll tl-.e Poriu^iuz:, remonllrat.ng tli.'.t ha
had better die in Battle with the Cuffa (lo they call tlie
Chrilli.'.ns'; than lie in Chains to .10 i'urpol'c. The King of
Achen being at that 'Time in Conllernation, releaied him,
and liill'er.d him to go upon that Delign. The young
Prince behaved himfelf with fo iinieli Bravery in two or
thiee F'.ng.igc nieiits with the l\rtuguczc, that iic actjuired
a gre.it Reputation among the People oi .Lbcn.

.f6. L'jion this his Mother being an active ambitious
Woman, formed a Delign of making him King of /ici'ciif
and furnillicd him with large Sums ot' Money to be dillri-
buted among the principal Orankays ; with the liimc View,
the young I'rinee was very familiar in his Converfation,
whatever he had was common to hib l-iiemls and Courtiers ;
he refuled nothing that was afked ol' him ; in a Word, he
fhewed himlclt liberal to tlic OiMiik.iys, alVable to the Rich,
a Companion to thole that protelled Arms, and extreatn
courteous to the common Feople. In the mean time the
King of Aclh-n died lit klenly 1 at the Hour of his Death
the young Frince gets into the Callle, brilies the Guards,
makes v.ift I'ronnl.s to the Othcers, advances a large Sum
ot Money to the Governor of tlie CalUe, dillributes Money

«.nong

ifUi

; 4 cS 7ht: E X P L D 1 T J O A' of Co/zw^ojurt iii: ai l i 1. 1; Book I.

r'l

i.'tM^-'

f: i1

Hit'

A«'^5'

-'^ '• .

•! J; !^
ml „■'

■is.

H'"*'5^ "'J*' ■■ fc' ■■■

aiiioHf.', t In- priiu-ipal Orankays, ami tliicatt-ns the Caiiy, wlu
rvru|iK ii to itDwn hiiii.

1:, lint-, hi- in:ina!;pJ tlu- Intrigiir (o happily, tliat he
was prorlaimcii Kini; ihat viry Ni^'Ju, to the !-,ir,it ) y <>t
all th" I'ropli- who ha>i loiirc.vtil ;;riat 1 loj .Mit Ill's l.itx--
raliry. Oniric tV ami I-amiharify, as well as liis Valour.
P:Jir b(\::'- twilvf Milt". ti(iiii .;V/r«, t'irKiiy.;ot that Place
was qiiuklv acquainted wiiii his Krothcr's lliatl), ami came
th.' nfxt IJay ti) tccoivc t!u- li-.v-llitiin- of hi-- Patrimony ■,
but M he appnuchcii the t..i(l!c Nvith a I'mall lutiiuio, he
hil into thi.- Harn.!s of his Ncphiw the Kint; ot' .Uvn,
who, Jor|;rttir!vhis tornicr Favi'ius, krpt him a Month I'ti-
lo;icr in tiu' CalHc, am! then, pritcmiin;; to laul hiin to a
mnrc arritaMc Kctr. at, at a Piiiance U<n^^ the City caui; vi
his Tiucat t«S he c\it ly the W.iy. Mio!'.- who put ihc
Crown upon iiis Hiaii wVrc not lirttrr iitlii •, for he lv;-an
with the Maraia, orciovirnor (-f the Caiile, wiio haii taken
mo(^ of his Money, and cnda! with thole that rcceiveii the
lall. In a Ytar's'l'imc tli-. v loiind a threat Alteration ; fir
inllea i cf be;r{; Ininiane, be was viry criie!. IiilV.ad ct
Li'.'cral.tv, h- difplayed an txtrratn Avarice, .x\\\ his tami-
liar, meek Temp'r, became a'.:ihre and imxotalle

In H:ie, he has flicd nvre UIikhI than his Crandfatlirr
did in his whole Reign. 1 le luMiif|K-ojiicd the whole Tt;-
riiory ( f .Urrn, .inti drained net only the Natives, !'i,t the
Forcigiu rs that lefi.le thire, ol all their M«in' y. It is true,
he c ik'.( avov.rcd to rc-jKople tins City with liis (.omjurih,
or rather Rav.';;ts (proprly fi'dkinv:) tor havin^; ruined
the Ki:'gdon-,s ot Jcr, D.t.y, l\:(\:n, i:^id.t, and /Vr.;, lie
tranip' rted Irom thence to ^idni alout twenty- two thou-
fand i'erlons v but at prefrnt tlu re are fe.ircc one thoufand
live humireJ ot tliem left : So that this I'olicy f- rved rather
for an Inihmce of his CruJty, than any other tliinfr •, for
th? rcoj-le lx-ie,g brought naked to .id it, and .il! >wed not
a (Jrain of Kirc tor iheir M.iir.lerancr, died ot 1 lunpic r in
the .'streets. 1 iiihetto tius Kir.j; iiath I'ecn fuccei'tu! in a!l
his Entcrpri/cs, inloniUvh that funic take him lor a
Sorcerer.

I'or ny part I ref^ard him as a Man cf great Jiidg-
ment, one that undertakes ni-thinp rafhiy, or unl;altm-
al'ly, but aftfr a matutf Pchlrration, .iml up* n very pro-
bable Jonim-cturc5. He never alliiultcd one of his N( igh-
bc'.'rs I lit when they were le.'.iice! to tome Kxtremity.
All (lis I'repai-atory Mc„furcs arc incomprchtnfibie, till the
1> I'^gn is put m Kxrcuiion •, tor he never alks or receives
Adv:rc (t any, and King invdUiJ with an al.li/h.te .Aiitht^-
nty, h:s C'. ni.'v.and.s arc imniedi.itely put in l-.xecuti(,n ; lb
that all t!'.;s nay Iv done without the AfTilLancc of IVviIs.
B- fides 1 liave(»fiin hearil that Surcerers arc pior, lorry
\\' retches ; but I am certain that tius King is by tar greater
and richer than ary of his NcigiiiKjurs.

4-. Itlrunry tlie jd we wen in Sipht of the Ifland of
A'iniahay, the 5th we (anu- to an inhabited I;'!e that lies
Ixtwetn ^aiJifj.- and Moniab.y \ the 6th we pallid Ix-twcen
A'^2^;trand another Iilaiiii nut m.irked in the t.)iar[s. '1 !)!s
Channel is f(jur or live leagues broad ; all thde inam.ls lie
Ttry low, whereas the ojipolite Coaft of Sumatra is very
high and confpiciious. I would advife all .Sailors rather
to p'> t into Sumjirit, than into any ol thefc little Illands -,
for tlic fi/rnirr is p.topltd ail ad ng the Shore with I'rrlons
ac(]iiaintcd with theConvcrtati(i:i ot Strangers, whereas the
Inhabitants ot ihell- are barban^is Savages, that hav- no
Com.iuinication with any other I'coplc, and confccjutntly
not to be trul'cd.

.-/'r/7the 20th, in ;5* ^o Ijtitudc, the Needle varying
7* 4-, North-Wclt, we dtlcried a Imo'ith and uniform, bur
rotky Co..(f, upon wlmh we ihx.i to Sea, and r.( \t Hay
fncou-tered a violent Storm, that lilUd to the .' jil of j\fiiy ;
the lit we perceived the I -and Ixtwc-tn Ca]x- /lu^uilles im\
Cape- /~.i//':, and on tiie -.th we came to an Anchor in ToLlc-
Hety \ our fick Men did not reti.ver at this I'laee as I ex-
iK-Ctid, either by reafon f.t tliat ixn .im Cold, or iK-caiifc
1 (oul.l nf't t.ik,> in I'.th trefli I'njviiinns as I had 4 M'nd
to, there b-ing lome Duiih Shii- in thf H,iy that I niif-
tt\it\( •. : beh( vc the Cold wa., the great C aulc ot it •, t ^r
all t;-.- P^-d: S/rk died as well as nunc. The Wind con-
fnued at Will- North-Weft irom in- full .'Xriiv.il m this
Bay to tiic 24th, tl.at I wt-V-d Ancho.-, and palling

by the North-I-'.al>, wis becalmed within Cannon Sl'or
I he •< th we lit .S41I, the Wind at S„iith S,,utli I'ui '

On the : i tl ot Juni we deli ru d Si. lh!,->u, about lil't,, .,
l.ear.ues WellNo-th- Well ol us : Next Day kameto m
Amiior ovcr-agaiiill it, and lint our litk Men on Shore
who were fomethmg benelitcd by the ;\ir. This is a vay
convcnimt I'lacc tor the refrellnng Mm, not only m re-
gard to tlie Temperance of the Air, bait by realon ot the
rienty ot young Kuls and I logs, the l-.itility (.f e<)niir.;.it
good Water, the Convcnicncy ol l''i!liing m the Ko;u!, arid
ujv.n the Shore, the Abundance of Oianges and (.it'ons
which are excellent Kcmedies againll the Scurvy, helidcs
liveial good Herb., liich as I'uillain, a to-- of T.irra-Mn
in large (^untitles, li)me l''eiu).;re( !., Tobacco, and^thc
Herb Mayoe ; Not to mention the I'artridgcs, I'lgain^
and, as tome t.iy, Oxen, that this Illaiui alx)i;rds with]
tor though the Country bcmouiitainous, and very lleci;, n:-,(l
the (irals withered-like, yet on the Top there's a ';ruit\leal
of Moitlure, and there is not a Valley with()ur'''j Brook
or Uivukt, the greatcll of which runs in the lar;;e Valkv,
whcie a large Chapel is built, though it is not above a l.iii;-
I'.rcil and litty I'aies bro.id, and one thouliind long. Ai
the l-'.ml of this Valli y tlu re's a ragged Clitt Uidgeot KiKks
u[H)n which th le tails ilowii a Stream of Water lumi a viiy
high Mountain, inlomuch that it is beat .is fmall as kam
Utore It tails. 'F'liis llle lies in K)" South l.atitude, the
Nculle varying /j- .^3' Noiihlult, and always has tlic
Wind .South F. ill.

4S. On the idih of July we law the Illc of Jfarji.n,
about twelve Leagues Notth-I'.all ot u.-.. It is very hiiih,
ami Its Anchorage lies overag.unll a landy Cretk. This
ir.and has neither Wood, nor b'n 111 Water , nor ary
I Ictbs, being nothing but a hard Kock ; yet it all'or.'s
fonu Hogs, and a great many lowf, lueh as can live
witiiout inih-Wair, upon the Rocks, and in the Ro.ul
it has abundance ol l''ilh and ■{"ortoife. Iti Circumtercncc
nay make alxjut eight L<agues, which is as much as th.it
obi";. Helena's. It lies in 8" S. \jn. After we h.id crulll J
the \ ijuinoclial , we had tuch Calms and dri/.l.i-.g
R.iins that moll of our Men were feized with nropfis
and Tumours, upun which there enlued great Mort.il;ty
in the Ship.

Au^ujl t!ic (ith the Calms and drizling Rains co.-.tir.j-
ing, there came a fudden Whirl-wind that lalled tor tuo
Minutes, and broke all our Sails, tarrying the Main- To; -
Sail cijite otF The next Pay we law liinu- Swallow^ .ird
Uuttfrilies, wliith fignilied that we were near I-iiul. The
I .;th wc l.iw an liland to the North, m i(i' l.at. wh.ii
wc knew to b<' Saint !^'tchs,'aj, one of the Cnp:-l.r.i
Iflands Ihc i()th wc made the Ifle o^ Saint y-.iun:,
an ! cart Ar.chor at live I atliom Water. Tlic 17th 1 Icrt
my Tick Men alliore, who were '-cry numerous, and m a
finy Condition 1 bait, when tliey came upon \.x:\\, tiny
recovered apace.

49. The trdinary Anchorage of this Iiland lies in 17'
20' l.at. the Need.le varying i" 1 .-,' N. Y . It alVorJs a:
this .Svafon great I'knty ot Tortoiles, which tluy call I'rc:-
Tortoifes, and are ihlhnguilhed from the others thty c.l!
Cohouan( s by tlie Snuxithnefs, I'lainnc is, and green Cj-
lour of the Shell, the Ijrgenelsof their BfKly, and th-
Smallncts ot their 1 lead, and the I'orm ot ilieir S:u)i;,
which rctcmbles the Teeth of a Saw. The llelh ot tliiU
c.it .IS well as that of a young Heifer, and Ibme ot them
arc to large th.it they weigh joo I'ouiid. They come out
in the Nigiit- rime, ami lay tlieir I'.ggs upon the .SanJ,
whuli thi y bury a l(;ot detji. i'holc who hav. a Mmd
to latch them watch them at that Time, and getting be-
hind them turn them upon their H.ick -, alter whkli thiv
( ai.not turn themlelves to get upon their Kct, and lo h-
there till the Morning. Moft ot them have : -o bf!,'*
thellcd, and a> many unnicllal in their Belli-.-, whivli .iiC
very good.

In this liland we met with an Ileib that in fon-.r mo.i-
fure relenililts Spinnage, but it is infinitely but 1 , w.
ufrd it both in SalLul and Soup, and both it and the
Tortoife llefh kejit (nir Bellies open, and cured our M.;i ct
great Uropfk', witliout any (;t,her I'''igaiion in eirl::
Pay'i, which iieiliaps coiill not be ciucd 1:1 />.;"•' :■' •»

' ' ' Month,

Chap II.

/^ /^^ E A S T - 1 N D I E S.

of tills lilan.! Wc in 17'
■i,-'N.F. It atVorJ- r.
nils, wljicli tluy call Irc:-
1 troni die others thiy ci.:
, l'lair,:u is an^' K"-iii ^"■
Is of their Bih!)', a:ui ih^-
the I'orni ot tlit-ir S:ioi;,
Saw. The l-1i!h <.l thcL-
U-ifcr, ami IIjiik- (il than
) I'oinul. Th-y lonic o'.;t
iiir I'-ggs iipun the San.',

I'holc who Iuv\ a Mii'-l
lat Time, an.! gi'iting he-

Month. It is alfo will ftockcil with young Kids, but you
ire not furc of catching tlicm, unit Is you have Dogs.
We faw no Frliic in it but wilil I'igs, which were all
fpoilfd with Worms. To the Kallward, under a hi^^lj
Mountain, there are vail Quantitits of Purllaiii. Com-
monly the Water of this Ille is lirackidi -, but upon the
S, W. Part of tlie Riy, where the Anchorage is, there is
a final! Spring, that if it was ckanfcd and dug deep,
vould aftbrd pretty gooti Water.

It is furnimed with a confidcr.iMf Qiiantity of wild
Pines, whicli may fervc for Firing, •, belidis whi(h it has
no Wood, except fome Shrubs, that laft forth a white
milky Juice, that is very danp lous and painlul to the
Kycs if it touches them. Thtre is very (;o()d Fifhini»
alon(; the Rocks, and efpecially at a little Kock at the
Entry of the Bay, about a quarter ol a League from the
Ancliorage. In two Hours Time fevcn or eight may
there catch Fifli enough for two huntlrtd \hn. In fim-,
it is not inferior to St. Hthna for a Place of Kefrclhment,
except that its Water is nut lb good. In Coinpt-nfation
of which l")efe<£^, it is all over arcrmblr, and tumifliei!
with pleafant Walks •, whereas the other is the mull in.ic-
ccflible Country I ever faw. This Ille is about nine Leagues
in (.'ircumfercnce, and while we wen there the Wind was at
N. K. it has fcveral pleal'ant B.iy- ; but that towards the
Ille of St. /iHlbtny is the Ix-ll Ro.id lor Ships that can be,
for we rode at five Fathom Water, on an excellent fandy
Ground, and were ftielttred fn 111 all Winds. We faw
neither Men nor Houfes, though we travelled over moft
Part of the Iflaml.

50. After our l)eparture from St. yincent (which hap-
pened September the 1 5th) we had fcveral violent Storms.
Cnoktr the lath we dcfcried the .^'zcye'/Jlamlsy but it was
the 17th before we could weatlur them. The 19th we
had a violent Storm from N. W. that broke our Mizen-
M;ilt, and obliged us to bring our Mam-Top Mall upon
the Deck. The ^oth we were 55" l.at. and had fevcnty
Fathom Water, upon which moll of our Pilots agreed
that the Sorlingues-ljldnds lay about twenty Leagues to
the Weft of us. November the 3d we dellried the Lizard-
Point in England; and Deeem/a- the ill came fate to Ha-
vre de Grace, having been out thirty-eight Months.

51. The DilTitulties our Author met with, and the

749

Misfortune of lofing two of his Ships, did not hinder
lis making a faving Voyage even of this, which would
have proved highly advar.tagrcus t(j his Owna , it the
//o/>i.' had not been loll, fince it is coiivjutc' tVitt (lie, at
the Time of her being burnt.hnd on lioai'l a C'aig ,e worth
feventy-five or cig! ry thouliiid Poun.* fl. i,ii-,g. There
are few Pieces that Lt us more etT, dually int(j the S uet
of Trade than this, which ili Wb us jiri kiirly 1 1 Me-
thods made ufe of by the huuh, tn cxcl 1 L- all ct:i*r Na-
tions from the Comnvrce ( t th- bi.ia, ai.d vc;/ fii'.ly
jullifi.-s what we have occ.ili(,-Mlly dehv.roi v,\v'y.\ that
Subject. It is really wonderful that the Sibje-t:, (.1 iha
States-General Ihould venture, at tl.at time of Day, to
treat the French in fuch a Manner, to whom they \\A not
only confiderabic Obligations for the Couiuenance they
Iiad given them in tlie Infancy of tlwir Commonwealth j
but were alfo in great Danger from their Power in £«-
rope. But however this might afTedb the States, the
taft-India Cnmpaiiy, it feems, gave thcmfelve- very little
Concern about it; which flie\>s how dangerous it is to
leave the abfolutc Adminiftration of their Alfairs in thefe
dillaiit Parts of the World to any Company, without I.av-
ing fome Check upon them from th.e State, wJ.icJj mu(t
be anfwerablc to other Powrs for the Exceftl^s commiLted
by the Agents of fuch a Company.

As for Commodore Beaulieti, after hir. Return tc Fnwcet
he was taken into the King's Service, and be]i,r.ed ex-
tremely well in the Affair of the Idand of A'/!'-', v.hcn the
Englijh, under the Command of the Duke of Duckin-h^m^
made a Delcent ujon that Ifland, and di;ring the long
War againll th, Pn'telt.'ints. liiis recommeneled him lij
cffeftiially to the famous Cardial RideHcu, that he in-
trulled him with the Command of one of th:; bell Ships
employed in the Squadron commanded by the Count de
llarcourt againll the Illatuls of St. Mirt^nie!, and St. IIo-
norat, in which he likewife behaved with Rei)utation ; as
alio in the Exj)ei'ition zu^imH Sardinia, at his Return Irom
which to the Port of fou'.on, ho was unfortunately lii/.jd
with a burning Fever, which carried him off in the Month
of September, 16^7, at the Age of 48 -, lb that he may be
faid to have died in that Scaion of Life when he was moft
capable of fcrving himfclf and his Country.

ii ;; ■'!

SECTION XXVI.

The Remarks ami Ohfcrvations made by John Albert dc Maiidtlfloc, ;';; his Pajfage from
the Kingdom of I'crfui through fcveral Countries of the Indies.

Tr.uiflateil from tlic Original, written by himfclf.

1. An introiiuiJory Account of the jlnthor, and of the Defign of this Section. 2. His Departure from Ifpalwn,
in order to go to GanibrDn, cr liand.ir Ah.ifTi. 3. A curious Dejcription of the Ruins of the ancient Pcr-
fepolis, now culled Tchclinia.ir. 4. The Author continues his yourney to \./.\.\\-, and from thence to Gam-
bron. 5. His kind Reception, aid generous Entertainment, hy the Hnu,iilli Alerchan's th, re. 6. A curious
Defcription of the Citv and Port of Ganibron, ".vith the Country adjacent. 7. A concife Hijiory of the
City nnd Kingdom rf Orimiz, and of the Mitnner of its being annexed to the Empire rf Pcrfia. J<. An
Account of the Author's Pajjage from (Jambron to Surat, itith Remarks. 9. His Arrival at the lafl men-
tioned City, and the Reception he met icith there. 10. A fuccinit I'ieiu of the Dcniirions of the Great
Mogul, as they /lood at that Time. 11. A Defcription of the City of Sur.it, icifh a large Account of the
Commerce carried on there. 12. The Author's Jcurney from thence to Ainad.ibat, icith his Adivntures
by the K^ay. 1 3. A I'iew of that City, and of the Country adjacent, icith vo, .ous Remarki and Obf ruc-
tions. 14. An Account of feme memorahle Tranfai lions ichich happened during the Authcr's Sti.y ther?,
15. His Pafjagf from thence to Canibaya, viith a Defcription of that City, and it^ liihahitants. 16. Hit
Journey to Agra," -uith a large Account cf that Capital of the Mogul Empire. 17. A very full Rekticn
of the Mogul's Court, and of the State of the Empire c/'Indoft.m. iS. The Author's Journey back from ^
Agra to Surat, icith many curious Particulars, it;. A Juccin^t Hi/lory and Defcription <f t/je Kingaovi cf
Guzurat, and Province^ adjacent. 20. A compleat I'ien' of the Religion, Cx ofiis. Manners, &:c. cf the
Banjans, or native Iiulians, 2\. A Continuation of that Account, together icith a Defcription cf the ether
Nations that now inhabit the Indies. 22. Of the Commodities, Manifadur.s and Commerce cf ticje
Countries. 23. Of the great Plenty of all forts of Pro-ciftons, and (f the People's Manner cj living.
24. Of their' Ships, their Trade to the Rcd-Sca, Fcrliau Gz/^/', <;W CVtf// c/Malabar. =5. Remarks
upon the foregoing Seliion.
Nl'mb. Li 9 E The

[•I T

■ 1 ■ ."■

I- ■,' ■;

'•it.

I. [i- ,1! « '

i'f

75 Q

•7/v RiMAKKs, ^i\ r>/ John .AlbciL cic Aiaiklcllioc Book I.

"«•.

: M

i '

I »

if-TT^I'l-: Aicoutits alloidixl us in ilu- forff^oing Scr- 2. The l',nlb.ill'.n.i()rs of Ihjhin luving Id't Trn^l
I tioiis .IK- ixailciit in tluir kiiul, To tar as liicy and bcin<; nut long attir Kiliow.il |.y hi.nuuli it; i

JL 150 i III! as it is ndill'iiy ty our havmgatho-
rrni);!) C'oinprrlur.iiun of tlir A (lairs ami Coinniircc of
/'.•.;';.j that we IhouKl proci-til 111. I l'.irt!ur, a;ui take a coni-
plcat \ a-w ot thf Uvcial Cuiiiitricf i;i wlii(.h thin (.oinintTCC
IS carrie'd on, io of luniVijucntc it Ix-conus as ncteliiiry on
I'jrtTg \vit!i our clJ Ciuults to look out for ntw. lie,
witli whor.i wi- arc 11. xt to iravil, lias l>t.cn allowal to have
all t!;c Q^ialitics K(;uiritf to futh a (iv.tdc, that is to fay,
Kiio\vJcJ;;c,nili[;eiHi,ar.iiI-ii!i!ity. I lew as Urn./. 0.1015.
ot a ^(W. I'amily in tht Puti Iiy i f .W<-. kUnhaj, in thi- Aturr
S.xom, anil rccc.vi\i Irom the Care of ius I'arints a liberal
Ii(.!ucatiun, having; before receive J from Natuic an liappy
ami Mn;uifuive Genius. Thel'e g< oJ C^mhties rriQtniiieiHlei.1
hiin to the Notice lull, ami then to the Confidence ut the
Duke of lldjhi't, in whole family h: hvcii as a IkinulUck.

When that I'lir.cc foinie.l a IXfiijn of leiuiiiig an I'.m-
bafiy into P^rji.t, 111 order to |T(.iuotc a i'roje^i he had
formed of tllahhniing an E.ijl-huiia Comiuny in h:s Do-
niinion.s, our Author was chol"-n to accomi^iny thole Lm-
ballad.ors in a v.ry honiju.MhIe Qii.ihiy : Hut belore his IJc-
jurture, he rci'isfentcd to his Mailer, that thcugli the Kca-
Ibns whicii dtteriniiuv! iam to f lul his MmilUts no tattlur
than PnJ'tJ w^re in thenifeives very jull, ai.d well fuunded,
ytt it would he ixtnamly rciiuifitc to the AijctJtiiphlh*
ment ot his ir..iin I>rig;s that a Perfon of tjuir Retinue
fliould make the Tour ot the lnJ:t', which was what he
W.1S llrongly inclir.ed to do, .in.l t'leiefore beci^ed his I'er-
million to pratily t'lat DiHrr, by takii-R his Leave of tlic
J-ndaliaili'is wl.tn ariivcd at tiie Per/tan Court, and pur-
luirj; his Tiavtis as Ociai'ion uirerei'.

'1 lie Puke's Ixavc thus obtained, he fat out with the
r.nibaiTadots, in the Year 1 ('.)'', aj~.il accompanied them
to !\:lu>!, or, aciordirg to the Ptijun I'luiiur.ciation,
S/'aiv.'.in, the iliihiry ct which Juurnry, and ol tiieir Nc-
gcciatio;', was writtin at l.srj;" by tlmr Stxretary, and is
cllccmcd one of the nioll pcrlcci Works in its kind ; for
which Iscalbn it w:!l cl.iim .1 Place in the fecond I'art of
t.ur Un.'.er liking. At prefer: we are cor.cirncd only with
Mcr'(:fiii\ Account ol liis Tiavch, af"ifr he left the L.in-
lufladurs, and prCilVciifd Iiis intir.dci! l)tl,i.',;i of viewing
the Countries of /«.';.;, which lie executed very hajipily,
am! has no kl's faithtully recird-.d.

Tlicrc liave been few Travtileri wfio Iiave fet out better
furnifiird than our .Autlior-, fur he had, previous to iiis
Journey, taken great I'ains fj aci;iuint himlilf with all that
had been wr:;trn o! il.ofe Cij .iiries he was to vil'it, 1 y ti.e
Ik!1 Auth-. rs anc.cr.t aii.l incdprn, as nun. I'. illy apj>earb by
his extcflcr t Ferforir.at.ce. But thoup,h lie was a .Scliolar,
;r.d adir.tlrnur, y.ct as the Defign he went upon was the
Inip.'ovrment til '1 ra.ic, he kept that Defign eoiill.mtly in
N'ii'w, and loll rm Opixntunity if making luch l-.nquiries
as mipjht cnall'.- \vm to make a ;;.:^ .uid latistactory Rej urt
;.t his Return t) liie I'rir.ce, by wi. .m fic wa:. emi loycil.
1; was with tliis \ icw that he kipt a repuLir a.nd exact
Joirnal of his Travels, ai.d twik Caie, in every Place where
he taiJ-.'., to nuke the i.icell I-"nquiiu'. in liis P(jwer \ and
i: is fcr th.s Kcafon that his Writiiuv- have been fo mucli
ti'rcmed, ur.d have b'.cn always tviifidcrcd as the iiiofl
nirii.iiis and Cwrrcdt Accourts that iud Ucn pubhUied to hi'j
'li.-.-.

He ijfjMn t!'.'!'.i, as the Rea !er wi!l perceive, in the
Mouth ol 'Janu.-.ry i6jS, and having; liappily atchirvcd
(htm, rctuncd lalily to the Court ol GctUrp, and made
1 .\ Ue|xj:t ol what he hail obfdvei'. in tiiem. At the Clolc
r ihc i.ext Section we ihall lay Imi.ev.iiat as t.i ili-- Coiilc-
ij'.ivnrtr, cf the.m, and i ! the C.iuU s whu h liindercd the
P».jf:cts of the Duke 1 1 l!:!j]cin his Mailer tiom taking b.f-
\(t\, no!wahllan(h!!g tlity wdc I j wikiy liid, and Io far
.1^ ' iir .\ut!i(.r !iaJ any Co-ictrn in them, happ 'y ex'eutcd.
■| litis much, however, may fuHice by way ot fntto.iuction,
tiiC rat'nr, bi laufe th- .Auihor .'iiiu:.' If lus t»i n lu clear and
('I metluviic.l m hr. Rdation, and has taken iu< h Care 10
nv ,:i! (;>ll!iruy on tlie one liani!, and P.olixity on the
<.t:. ', that ttitrc is no need (,■• detaining the keaiier any
lo '^.t Irom his Pcrformaiii e, whiJi wc Hull deliver j.-i liis
c*a Words as near as iiuiy be.

and being nut long alter toli.,w.d |.y hn,VHui, M, hvi
g.!jh a Native ot Kr.r.ih:/,, who was l.nt 111 ( )ulliiv'n'f
Lmbalbdor tiom the King of VVy/.,, to the^Dukc ol
//.tjhin; 1, according to the Pimuliioii 1 liui obtained Irom
the Duke my Mailer, prepared |,.r n,y Journey mto the
hiJia, and being on the uth ot y,in„.:ry ^^,^s ,im„
iluccd to » particular Audience ot the .Si,a!i, lu- permit'
ted me, with much Kiiidiirls, to kil. tlic I Icm ol I "
(larment. I let out Irom l/raidn the u.thot [he (,,^.j
Muiith, with a Retinue ot tuui Pirr.ns, v/2. a Chirur-
gcoii, a l-'ootman, a (Jroom, and one /Vijjj;; Servant be-
ing conducted out of Town by Mr. lipnyated^ the /.Wz/j
Agent, and fcveral En^lijb anu J'>\iuIj Mcicliaiits. I t'ok
my Ixave ot them a League liom tlui.ce, aril ti.uiiicd
eight mote the lame Day, to the- Village ol M,j,^r, wl'mo
I Itayedthe next Day, and conticiied my Journey to A..//1.
jlL'a, tlie whole Riiad being one loitinunl Walk ct Iris
made by the ailjacent (Jardens. 1 he Carav-iiiliM j |,ni,,^j
in, had nothing but bare WaJh, but tli.it wheiein I ^aj
lodged the next Night, at the \ lilage ot M.nijuJ, lix
Leagues trom Kamjiha, liad coiivciiiei.t Lougiiig-Ryoii.i
anil .Stables.

I lie .toth I came to the Vill.ige of Uannahtb, leatcd
upon the Dtfccnt ot a very plealant I lill. The ziil 1
travelled tea Leagues, in very li.owy and windy Weat.'.fr
and lodged in a Caravaiilera called '/:o^:jii\vi. Bnv.ccn
this Plaec and iiuniu, there Ixing iicitlKr Village iiur La-
lavatileia, I was lorced to tiavd the ad 12 l/.'agiie'., and
the 2 jd was obliged to go i i more, belore I ccmivl rca>.li i.'.^
Vii!.:ge oi Gujli, where we met with very iiuiilferent .\c-
comiiiudaiion, Icarie meeting with a Huuit; wc coiili
put uur Heads in, or prelerve our 1 fuilii againll tin- bjj
Weather. 1 lie next Day Ixing the 24111 piuved ratra
wort"., lor being forced to tiavd 12 Leagues thiuin'Ji the
Mountains covered with biiow, and tiiat 111 veiy bad \S'u-
tlier, we, with much a-do, very late at Night, rcacii.J
the large and tamous Village ol Mejibtd Mid(rr( iula-
man, lo called from a ijepukhrc winch is withm full a
League of it.

'I ill'. .Sepulchre is to be ken within a liti'e Ci'upt! ui
wlute Maibie, the Tomb itfvli beii.g elected ujion a li.Ji
Square ot J-ree-Stone, unto whicii you may go up by Stiji
on all ■ idts. The Air and Ram lias pmetr.itcd tlirui:^ii
the Walls in fevrral I'laces, and diverle Pillars round the
Structure aie almoll conlumcii by 1 ime. I 'pon the W.iils
of tlic Chai^l, I found in .h^di.tn C iiaiacters, itule Wonls,
MaJir Siiianuv:. The gem ral UpiiMuii ol the b. habi-
tants is, that tliis is the Sepulchie ot i!oh'non\ Mother,
but th< Ciiniuliu briars at Sil'iriU iulornied me, with
much more Prolubiliiy, that the Mother ol Shah .^i.;-
>«<.-;/, the 14th King ul tlu- I'olUrity ot .ily, was interreJ
licre. KlmiHinus gives tier tin Nanu ol II .iHuJ.i, aiij iii-
turms us, tiiat Ihe was t'le I'aunhtir ol .;V'i<iJ Ai/luij.caiii.
J le tell^ Us .»]lo, that thi-. .S'(.'';w<;'j lived in the Year 7 1 ir,
and tiiat Ixing a very handlome Peri'on, and vii-wiiig hiir.-
lelf one Day in a Looking-(ilal"s, he was lo taken with
liis own I'erlbn, that he laid, he might with the Unn.-
Right pictciid to the '1 itlc ot th.-Kiig ot Voutli, .but
the Kingdom of PofiJ; whiiii k-iiig ovrr-hcard by i-r.e
ol tin: Ladies of his Swragliu, Die aniweiej, tiiat pruviJcl
it was 111 his Power 10 infurc to hiinfell any Loiitnaunce
(jf what by tlie Laws ot Nature he might not lie aWc tocnjoy
long, lie might jullly lay Claim to liiih a 'I itle. Ihii
llruck luih a Daniji upuii his Spirit-, that lie died witlu-i
;i ttw Day^ after. \N o mci h.re with an Jrmniwi La-
ravan.

j. 1 travelled on the 2r,ih live Lcigufs to »*r;x..-«. an.l
the 27th as nuny more to Mard.'Ji-l; one ot the niult la-
mous \'illages ol tholt I'arts, on account ol the .\iitiqui-
tl's that aie to be fecn neai it, whieii obbg'-d me lo take
a lull View of them. 'I'Ik y are th-. Ruins ol a very .mu-
«nt .Strui'biie called Tibihntn.ir, i. e. forty Pillars by tlu'
Pir/i.ini, who atlirm, that this moll mii;;niiicent I'.ilaiC
was !;uilt t-y Hz.wiJmJ Pudjiha, tiiandfather to JiiX-vub
the Great by tfie Nfjthcr-Side, tlu/ lone amcmg iIkm
make Sci.iuin, others Darim, t.'ie fill Pcrlian K::ig, ::»
l-v,'..-.).f.'i , but the drmjlila 01 ^tbirJi ;itlu;c mc, il"^

lio^ Book I. ■ Chap. II. through fcveral Countries of the INDIES.

'« luvmi^ l,tt ffpduin,
by hnaiKuU hfuban-
was Uiu in Quality of
Vyw, CD the Duke 01
Vioii llMiiol)t.iiin;i.ltroni
11" n.y J'liitiuy into t!ic
t -J^.nu.ry ui^i, iiuiT).
it liii' Siiu:!, he jicriiiit-
i) ^^^U the 1 Icin ot hia
/ijii Savdnt, bc-
1. Il^n}i.9iid^ the i:>i^i,jh
.'Kt' NLuhants. I took
nil thcr.co, arnl tiavi-ilcd
Villaj^c ot M,ij,ir, \ihirv:
lied my jDiirney to Lun-
iir.tiniiul Walk lit Ircs
I he Laravanliia 1 lixjgcd
I'Dt th.it whciLin 1 wjj
V lilaj^e ol MhipJ, lix
vciuei.t l-oogiiig-Rooii.i

:;o of Ilanudit.'b, leanJ
alaiit llill. 'Ihi; zill 1
jwy aiiil windy \Viui1,!.t,
icd J:ii^:jil\vi. Iktv.ccn
I, iKitlur \'illat;c noi Ca-
tlie 2 2ti 12 lA-am'.cs, iiij
f, l)ctorc I amkl reach tin;
with very iiuiillerent Ac-
with a I luuj';: w" ti)i::>l
jr 1 loili j agaii'.ll tlie bad
; the 24111 [nuveU rai,wr

1 2. Leagues tliroui;li the
nd that in viiy baa Wia-
^ l.itc at Nii^ht, reached

Mfjdnd MJ,nr< Su'.a-
c \shich li \Mthm lull a

witlilii a liu'c Chapel ui
H-inp; cri'Cted uixjn a Iiil,Ii
[1 yuu may go up by S;q i
m lias tHiKlrated tlirui::':i

diverle I'illats round ih;;
■ 1 imc. I 'pull the Waiii
I C haraders, tliele Words,

Opinion 1)1 the li.habi-
lie ot Sohman\ Muthcr,
•inii i.dvjrnied nif, with
u- Mother ot Shah >,.:-
Icriiy ot ./7y, wai intcrad
Sanu ul It a!'.iU.t, and 11;-
jjlitcr ot .'Mai Ai'lhiUdim.
■n lived in the Year 715,
IVrlbn, and viewing him-
ds he wai to taken w;tli

he mit;ht with the Ian..-
tlv Kii g ot Voutil, .13 u!

U-ing ovrr-hearj by o;;e
c anlwered, that provided
) himfeir any Loiitiiaiana-
fiiii'jht not be aide to enjoy
nil to luJi a 'I'ltlf. Ihii
|>irits that he dicd«ithi:i
.ic with an .irm;>iU'i La-
ve I cagufs to Siu::.ii, an..
d.tj^i', one ot the mull la-
n ateount ot the .Ann^ui-

whii-'i oblig'-d ine to take
1 the Kiilniol a very am 1-
, i. e. forty hllarb by tlu'
i niotl nKU',niiicent I'alaa-

Ciiand.tathfr to JlixMtf
; tho' loM.e amoni; tiiein

the lall i'crjiufi K.ug, ■'i
Dl Scbtrai all'u;c me', il'''-

it was the general Opinion of the Learned, that this was
the place wiierc the ancient Pcrffpolis liad Hood, and that
thcfe were the Ruins of that famous Palace Imik by Cyrus.
The Foundation or (iround-Work on which this valt
Strufture was crcdcd, is raifeti twenty-two Geometrical
Feet, having at eacli of its four Corners a Pair of Stairs
of white Marble of nincty-fivc Steps, li) Hat and broad,
that twelve Hoifes may go up togetiier a-breai'l. , Before
you come to the mam Hoeiy of the Structuie itfeif, you
pal's through a Square, where you fee the Ruins of a Wall,
ami the Remainders ot two great Gate;., .eacii of wliieli
have a Horle gnrnilhcd and laddled, alter a very aiuic]ue
Manner, carved on one Side, aiul on the oth^r two Crea-
tures relembli^^; a llorfe, except that tluy h.ive Wings on
each Side, ar.d tlu- Head is crowned like that of a i^ion.

On the one Side- you fee the Ruins of ninacen Pillars
of white and bl.u k Marble, the leall ol which are eight,
and tome ten l''lls high, without the Baf.s; but whether
they had been intended for the Support of fome large
ilall, or were built in the open Air, is not to be dillm-
guilhed at tins Time. The Inhabitants tiiereabouts told
x\v:, that not iiiany Years belore, there w^e forty of thefe
I'ill.irs llaiubng. As you go on further, you meet with
t!ie Ruins of two Rooms indifferently large, as may be
jii.lgfd by tlie Doors and Windows, but every thir.g is
ct tlic fniell M.irble. Several Figures of Men of an tx-
jraoriiinary Si/.e are to be fecn on both .'^'ides the Doors,
fome in a litting, others in a Handing Poduie, their Hair
fa;iin[, down carelefly over tlieir Slioulders, and their (Gar-
ments leacliing down to their Heels, witii very wiilc
Sleeves, and a Girdle rountl their Waills. Tluy had very
long Heanls, anil round Caps on tiieir 1 leads. Not far
from t!i':nce are two other Chambers mueh of the lame
Bignefs with the former, but ti) ruined, tliat nothing but tliC
Doors ind Crofs-Bars of the NN'indow:, are hit.

'li.i.s StriuHurc lecms to have had tliis in common with
ir.oll of the Buildings of a modern D.ite in Pcrfu, that it
iiad many Doors, which is done here to give tlie more free
PalTagc to the Wind to cool the Rooms. Hard by thefe
two lall Lhambirs, you find unknown Characters engraved
upon a Icjuare i'lllar, which have no Refemblanec to the
(iaek, 1 1 brew, Arabiek, or any other Language, being
tri.ingular, or rather pytamiilal, not unlike Obihflvs. 'Tliere
are twelves Lines ol them, lb well projiortioned, and riice-
!y ( ngravcn, tiiat they have not the fni.illell Sign in them
ot Barbarilm. Some believe th 'ni to be Telelms, and to
contain leitain Mylferiesi befidcs thefe belore-mentioned
Kooms, there is, upon the fame Ciround-Work, a large
Court c.f nniety Paces lijuare, with two (iatcs on each
Side, fome ot which are fix, others only three Paces
Wide. Tluy are of the tinell Marble; e.ich of the Pieces
aie eight F'eet long, and three in Bieadtli ; you fee alio
i:i another Court, vtry cuiious larved Work in Marble:
fiattlis 'I'riumphs, Olymp.ck Games, every thing in its
cue Proportion.

Upon each of tiic Gates you find a graceful Pcrfon carv-
td ft'.mg with a Globe in tlie one, and a Scepter in the
other \U\\k\, tho' it is ceitain that the Kings ol l\>fi:i ne-
ver fat in that Pollure. My Cunofity led me to g.'t up
in liigh, where I law a Kir.g repretented p.iying his l)e-
vction>, to the Sun, F'ire, and a .Serpent. As i!ie Inhabi-
<i:us at this Day carry Irom thence a great Quantity of
Marble to tarry on tli.-ir private Buildings thereabouts
ti;i;, with the Length ot Tune, hxs lb eletaced, or rather
niind this noble Struc'hire, that it is impulTdile to deter-
nurc whether its Architecture w.is id tin.- luidck, Doruk,
or Corinthian Onler; notwithflaiuiing which, even its
Ki.ins are lb lurpri/.ing, that ili-le would I'lnd Woik lor a
v.':y good Painter for above ll.v Month:;.

It We trace the antient l\rJi,iH 1 liKory, we find, that
according to .I'.itiin^ the Cjiand (.rus laid himlcif the
i Inundation, and 1 u.it a moll inai,nni.ent Pal.ice at Ptrjc-
/•■•■.■, ,xs IXui'u did M i'ujj. P, iliaps the Ruins beloiig
tj tiio lanu.us Palace mentioned by Di^.^onti SuKJts, br-
i-,; cmoir;p,iil'ed with thiee Walls ot Marble, the lirll
^.'icfiof W.IS 16, tbi- leeeiul j:, .;n.l lin thud to FlLs high-,
""d ail the t,, 11 .;n 1 H.iltonusot Iha;-, all which, together
^' -"i flv in. .'.im.ib'e Tieailire 11 eoi.i.i.ne.!, was in a teW
'■'jurs icduccd tu Allies by . •/.'.. v..";,. Vr tlie t.'reat, at the

Requeft of a I larlot. Having fpent a whole Day in view-
ing thele Antiquities, 1 continued my Journey the aHth
ot 'Jafuiary, and travelled that I''ay ten L( .,-uei to the
City ot Silinu. 1 Ine I met with four '' wrw,///, I-jiars,
Ji^ihMs who were polleired of a goodly Moiui'.lerv, and
liad the tree Lxercifc of their Religion allowed them.' Not
many Years before, the Vorlu^ucze had here hkewife a
Convent o\ ^hjU,, Monk-, but tluy w- re foiced thence,
.as well as all the other Ponugtuzc, after the taking of the
City ot Ormuz by the Pcrfuuis.

Schiras is the Capital Lity of the Province of Fnrs, fitu-
ate at the foci ot a moll: pbilant Mountain, upon the
River Scndomir (heretofore called Araxe.) which dif-
clurgcs itlcU into the Pafiun Gulph. This City h-.s in 2<^»
36 . It contains about 10000 Houlls -, but the Rums of
a great Wall, at two Miles dilla,,te from the City, fliew
its F.xteiu to have been much larger tlun it is at this Time.
It may be truly faid, that whatever Nature is able to pro-
duce, either for Convcniency or Pkafure, is centred in
this Place, and that in great Plenty ; as Wheat, Oranges,
Lemons, Pomegranates, Ahuonds, Dates, Piftaciioes, yc.
The Wine which grows hereabouts is the bell in all Per-
f:a i which being tranfported hence all over tiic King(:om,
and looked upon as tlie bed Lntcrtainment rhcy can give
to their F'li^nds : 'Tids makes k to be Ibid .it a dear Rate
at ///.;Zv«, where you cannot have a Pottle of good i'c/.^.rjj'
Wine under Haif-a-Lrown. Its Taik is not unlike that
ot Caii.:>j, but is more Iprightly, and h;:s a moie j)lea-
fant Fkivour ; this City being to much celebrated through
all Pcrjia for Wine and Women.

Tlij Piifums arc wont to fay, that if Mchainmcd had
been linlible^ of the Pleafures of Sujiras, lie woula have
begged ot (iud Almighty to make him immortal there.

T'he Sheep hereabouts are of an alF.-grcy Colour, with
om; white F'.ye, their Wool curled, and their Taiis ot fuch
a Bignc fs as to w^ jgh fometinies eighteen 01 twenty Pounds.
The Woods hereabouts afford gu-at Store id Mal'.ick,
which is gathered inDilhes taflcned to the'iiee, and is
gicen at lirll, but at'terw.uds turns brown. After a Stay
of eight Days at Schiraiy I left it the iii'th of i'drHory^
and proccecled ten Leagues that Day to a Caravanfera ;
the fixth I travelled Icveii Leagues, thicugh very bacl
Roads i but the Profpect I had of me many \ illage', and
a vail .Number of Date-trees, made me fome Ah.encls for
the Toil of the Day.

The 7 til I travelled ten Leagues to the Httle City of
Sharivi, leated in the Middle of a Date-wood. The
8lh we could make no more than five Le.igu s, me Ways
betwixt the flcep Rocks on the one Side,ane; the Precipices
on the other Side being fo rough and narrow th.it one can-
not pals them without grear Danger, of winch I had an
Irdlance in my Pallage, tor my 1 lorfe's Hoof (which I was
leading by the Bridle; being lilled with Snow, lie flipped
and tumbled upon me, which lotting me out of the V\ ay,
I had inlalhbly tumbled down the Piecipice, had I not by
good Luck catclied hold of a wiid Almoi.d-trec which
llood there. 1 was foiced to take up my Quarters that
Nigb.t at a Caravanllra, where there was noi; any Provi-
iion citiier tor Manor Bcall.

Tlie i^ih, .ifter I had tr.ivelled tiirec Leagues, I came
to a Car.ivanlera, where we iiad the Oppnnunity of re-
helhini; our llorfcs, and having gone hve Leagues more
in the AU.rnoon, I overtook the ..nncnian Car.tvan ; and,
in their Company, r.i.!e two L( agues farther to tlic X'ill.ige
ol Btrry, near whieh I locgeil in one ot the Leil Caia-
vanfer.is I nu't with in my wliole Journey.

.1.. The loth I tr.ivelled tlirnugh vciy bad Ways, and
came late at Night to tiie City of Laar, liruaie in a Ipaci-
ous Plain at the Foot of a Mountain. There is no Wine
hereabouts, hut Dates in abunoance. I'iie .Air is very un-
wliollbinclKre, aiivi tlie \\ atervery nuKf.'y, wni' h breeds in
them that tirndv it certain W our.,-, betwiVL the Skin and
Flelli, ot wliieh we fliall h.ive Oi.calion to fpeak more at l.iige
h.re.ilter. 'lluy lay that this Ciiy owns tor its 1-oune.cr
Piuie.'i the Son ot Siict.i, whole huctellbr w.is Corpon
MdiJ.\ the iirll King ol L.i..r\ and thai the i!iiity-lt'-
tond Sutcinbr was 01.. .lir. L:m K/..:ii, who was d.velKd
of the Kingdom m icu;, by Sehah Jl:.u King of l\r-
fuh It tuiuains about-tuyj ilouk's, budt of Uritk baked

^V .1

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ii. '\

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^lii- i;l

-niMi

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7^2 T'/^r R F.MARKS £ft. <?/ John Albert de Mandclfloe Book I,

»^;^?; r

'I'

i 'J'

in the Svin, hut is without any Walls or Gatrs. Tlif C i-
taiiil, w •rli Is liuilt I'y the Pn/un, lirKC their Con(]uclK
am; .idvantjpeoiiily ll^ftui i)]»ii a llup Rock, is vrry will
fiirtitir.l wt') u kimpart ol Frcc-ltonc, aiul comnuiuls
ihi- wIk'c ;.ify.

I'hc Gull lion at that Time ronfiftal of i,o morr than
lO Mfn, a lurfkinit Nmiitvr to ilrfcml it againll any
fi:aiirn Aiiack. The Way which leads to it lying cut out
ot a N<v k, ami to narn.w, that llari.< two Horl'cs can go
a '^1' I't , iHit th -y liave a Mag.i/.inc of Arms for jooo
Mei> : riie \sorfl is, that ih;- \Narer within the Fort be-
ing 'irarkifli, thiy nitilV, in raft- tf a Sicgr, live ti.Kni
Ran NVattr, winch falls plentifully there at cert..in S.a-
fdi-s, anil i« prrfcivc.l in Ciftrins. Afr^r a Si.iy of twen-
ty four Hi'.irv at Luir, I \\.is £501115 to Icav'' it the twilfth,
but w.is (KipjKil liy the CiiftL-m hi uiV Officer*, who ik-
maniicd halt a Tiimair, or forty- fiv Shillings formy liig-
fajvi but having Uiit my Letter of R ■comtneiulatinn
from the Shah to tlie C«overnrr of (J&iuiron, or Com-
mander in chi;f of the Citaiirl, he on!rrc>l my IVpar-
Mre without jiaying any 'hing ; ami I went that Day r.o
Itf- than fuiirti en Leagues, which gnat Day's Jouiney,
together with the mudiiy Wateis I had ulo', and the tx-
rvliive Heat, j^ut me into a violent Cirip;r,g and Loofe-
pit, which ir.a !<• me continue in this littiL tillage, in
hojxs of gitti. g a Litter i but no foth 'Ihing Uiig to
h- had, I was lorded to g-t ujx'ii the ^u■Ili,t^ r-l lorfe,
where I hati a CorvrrKiuy maiie to reli n y Batk, and fo
contirjn! mv Jourm^ the 9th to a laigc \';'!a;.',c within
twilve Ixagutii (if (j^ni»cn.

I'he fame Lvcnng we n.et here with two E'lg-'i/J.' Mcr-
rharts, one ot whom \" as f(j luiTeriJ the /:»•;.'.'/!' D.rdflor
at Ifpithan, wiio uH only retruiinl my ainiolt iolt bpints
with fume Spanrjl Wine, and other RctVcftuinnts biit
a!fo g.ivc m- L-tdrs ot RrroiTi'nendation to an Lngl;Jh
McKliant ut (jamtrsn, defri.g him to rcciive mc into
the Mc-iife ot their Company t:i re. anil to a!l.ll me in
every 'Ihing tlut might conduce tr)ward< the I'n ficiition
cf niv Jii'irr.ry to .'iiira.'. They cnrirua! thru J.Hirnejr
the lame Lvmir'p, wherras my Ii 'itiiofition d( tar «1 me
till die 2jd, v.ln ') 1 pr«<.ee(Vd fix Lra'ucs to a Caravan-
fera, wlierc having nflcd ii.y!,lt a htti , till the Meat of
the l).iy w;s .bmr.'.iai ifutcd, 1 tijv.llcd three Lraj'.urs
farther fo anotlrr CararanUra, ar.i! found nyltH j I that
Night in a burr :ng Fcvrr i bur there lieing no Stay for
me !i- 'e, I made the ivlf uf i):y \Nay to lliime>cn, where
we arrived th<- 2 5 ' '^t I'thTu.'.ry.

1 h- En^ijl, lre:,k, and l^u:,lr there, took fuch <fTcc-
f.ial Care of my DiRcmper, w hich was by this 1 ime
chai.geil into a H thn.! b'li.x, and accompanial by a violent
r(\rr, that 1 was iif-fty well rdlored in lour lUys and
found mytcit in a Contiition to j^ay a V'lfiito the (nvernor,
unto whom I hail tirnt Shah i>,Ji> l.tter^ of Kecoii.nienda-
tion i.nm.dut' ly atur my Arrival ti.erc He no l(X)ncr
heard of my Rcmvc-y, but he invited n.e to Dinn' r, aiul
entrrtained n.e very coMir\,u:1y, in Cf inijany (;t Irvtral
Ihit(h Mrr. hapf.. The lame Lveni: g arrived at Gainhrcn
a ^'cl^cl from Sural ot fix hundred Luns, btlongiig to t.hc
(lovcrnor ot Sural, that brouglit hiihff a tertain Ikjwagir
v^ecn. Ml ther to the King nt (jcl.rniiit, who falhri; in
Ixive with her Paughtir, h:s '.wn SilUr, w(,uli! lave mar-
ried h r 1 I ut the Mother riliifing to ronfert to lut h an in-
cet^u(jus Match, had Ken fanilhcd the Kingdom with her
Daughter, who came along with lier •, and as it was report-
ed, IS to b<- marrud eitlur to the King of I'er/ia himfilt,
or (jne of the iluet I'rintcs ot the Kingdom.

5. Miirch tlic iii'i, being the Nauru,, or New Year
r,f the I'trfuiitf, the dovenor invited me agair to Dinner
ui^,n this lulemn 0<ca!";on, with iVveral I. n^ / i/h »ni\ Duitb
Mrrthii.ti. Tt.e fame Day returned to Gambron Mr.
Chjprr.i^ wlvim I had mei, with th • tfixlijh new Prefident
near L^iiir ; he brfiiight along with him another Englijb
Meiih.int. with whom, having tortiaf ted a lamiliar Ac-
quaintance before at Ifpah.w, 1 was extiramly plcafed to
meet in this I'iarr, beiaulc tlie Dulcb, though in outward
Sh.rw vrry obliging to me, hail oppoled our Negotiation
at Ijfttian. Mar,h the 1 ^ih I was entrcUcd by the Eng-
Ifj'h-tri take ui rry I xjiigings at th'- Houl'e Iv longing to
thei' Company, *hich I did iuturdmgly. The iii\, one

Mr. Hale, an E>igli/h Mcrcliant, arrived at Gmiron with
two hundred aiul thirtythree Bales ot Silk, va'ufd ^t
i;;i',oo<) Pillolrs, which he had rcicived on Account of
the Moiity of the Cullom at Gjttilron ilue to the En ' ih
of which I fliall give a particular Account hciialKr." * '

1 he latiK Day my Surgton died ot a I ivcr, the Lofi
of whom was no fmall AfHirtion to me, he havnm be, n a
great Traveller, and attained the Knowledge ot the Spard
Indnm, Pclip:, and fomc Eajhh.lia Unguages. As I w jj
svaikiiig abroad one Day to amufe myf !f a little with fi.me
hngl'JIj, I m't with one ot thrfe 'I ices mentioneil by
Curnuj, the Uranches of whid\ Ipiing out ot the Trurk'of
the Tree, and bowing down to the I'Uitli, had taken Kuot
there, and growing up atnlh, had produced a new Tree
titteen or twenty Foot high, wliiih calluif^ t'oith other
l?r.::ich 'S in the lame manner as betore, i:iadc rather a
tliiali Forell tliaii a Tice ; that which 1 law being two
hundred and fouitten I'acci. in Circumference, capable of
aiVordit g Slu Iter for two tlioiil.md PcrU.rs. 'I lit Pinu.
gurz( call It .Irh Jf Kcyj, and it is generally known by the
Name of the !»i! un 1 g-iree, iiy realbn of its I ruit, which
in Bignels, and the Abuiuhime of iis drams rclcmhles that
I nut i but II. I alle is n.orc ui,lav(.ry, Ii'Iiidw, and its
Colour red; tb.e Leaves of tl;e Tree aie i,kc thufe of
Qui. ice Trees.

Near the Hcul Trui-.k of this Tree wc faw a fmal' CTij.
pel, and svithin the Scj ulchre ot a cirtain Banjr.':, wc
found the 'I'omb (ticwed all < ver with Bcai^b ot div:-.. Co-
lours, .iiid fevual Lamps, wlmh burn Night and Day,
haiging over it iindei a Canojy. Tlicl'e jyui.y.;»ij a,:i)c.'
ling tu the Opinion of I'j.'lugcrjs, that the Siaib of the
cieieafcd retirat into Bians, whiih Opinion is generally re-
< .ived among the Vagiins Imth 111 the Indies and ni Ckma,
Ot the R'lij^ion of th( Ic B.injani wc Oiall have Ociariimto
lay more here.itter. The Ciuaidi m of the Sej>ulchre triat-
ed u;. with fome Almonds, Nuts aiul D.itrs. An Lnvoy
tiom Shah Sefi tKin;', tome to liambrcn to affure tic (jo-
vrri'.or of the Contii.u.incc of Ills Favi ur, I, in Conipny
with leveral kngl:Jh and l^uuh Merchants, invited for tlut
FuriK)fe by the Khan, f.iw him go unarmed a Mileoi:tof
the City, where meuing with the lai t Lnvoy, he reccivd
the Ki; g's Letter, the Carmcnt, and Turbaiit, withagrea;
deal ol Submiiron.

6. The City of Camiron, or rather Bandar Camhcn,
i. e. the i'ort of Gumiiun, is fiy the Perjkns and .Irabmni
put at 25', buterroneoully •, it> truo I.^[itu..le, accordintj to
the Compuration ot tl.e ILHiiihiivs, whulr I'ootlhps wc
t(dlow in thh I'oirt b< mg 27 , mcl^ of the Majis of /V/a
k-ing hitherto very ilxlectivc, wliich proceed'- iroin hencf,
that by placing t!ie Ci/fun .Sea too high, they e.vted
the Breadth nt Pfrjia tiu.ii Noith to South, l)eyond its tat
Bounds 1 tor tliey put the City R(Jil> at ^i"", whereas ;t is
111 j7* 1 I'o that the whole Bre.dth ol/Vr^.j from 6'j«;'r;i
to Kf/ib is no more than ten D-ij-res, which pl.ii;dy fhews
tlie Millakc of Hiifrus, who makes the bj(tent ot P(rp
eight Degrtes, whereas if aciording to their own Com-
1 ufation, wc (hould gram Ormuz to l.>e in 25°, tlicBrcaiitfi
ot Piryi.i could amount to more tlian 12 Dcj;rees.

It IS not ma.iy Years lince this City was a inue Villagf,
inhabited by a lew lill.trnien •, but lime the Keduttior tt
Ormuz, the Eng.'r/f), Ditul; and Itiiiurt Ships have toii'.i
out the Conveiiiency of this Harbour, and tlie Traders of
Ij)<nhjn, Sural, and lutar, bring thither their Silk, anJ
other Manufac'lures, which thry exchange for Eur-.pfamnS
Indian Comm<Klities. Its Situation is up<iii tlie Pn/iii
(lulph. The l-'.iitrance ot the liav n, in whiJi Sinps nuy
lately tide at .Andior without the lealf Danger, in five or
fix Fathom Water, being dcfendrd tiy two llrong Caftk,
and a l(|uare Redoul)t. "The Callle is foititicii with Ionic
oK! round Balhons, but well jiiuvided witl Artillery. Uic
Moules of Gamlicn arc nt Biiik, n:ade of a Mixture ot
llirt' Clay, And thopiKrd Straw, and Floile-d ing, whcrcJ,
Iwving lit one I.ayir, they luvrr it wiuia l.ayerot Straw,
or F'aggtns, and ll. alternately, till they liave railed 1: w
fix or Icven Fixtt high i then they I't it on Fne, and Imra
it to Briik. 'I'hcir Mortar is a Lonjx^lition ol the '•'"<
Ingredients, mixetl with Salt-Wdfr, ard lonie Linie, wh;' n
Very foon becomes as hard as the IJ. :. ': 11'; it. The I '"^ '"
of Note urc liic Sulun'i I'^lacc, an t.; \Saic l.'^'"-

w;i.rf

floe Book I, ■ ciiap. II. through fcveral Countries 0/ //&^ I N D I E S.

irrivcd at Gmbron with
Jcs ot Sil^-, valued at
rci civfd im Account of
hen i!iii' to the EitJ./h,

W(()lll't hllCalKr.

li ot a liver, the Lofj

me, \k having be n a
nowl(\1gf ol ihc Spai:ijh,

language";. As f wji

myr If a little with n.me

'1 lit* incntioncvi by <^

ii^g oMt ot the Trur koi
c luttli, had taken Kuoi

! iiroduriil a ntw Tree
liiili calli!i{^ tbith other
i betort-, made rather a

wliiih I law being two
ircunifcrencc, capable uf
d PerU.rs. 'I In- Paiu.
s generally knciwn by the
rralim of it» Iruit, which

Its drains rcl'embles that
lavi'ty, li'K'.oiis, and its

Tree aic l.ke thofr of

free wc faw a fmal! Chi-
ut a (.i.rtaiii Banji:i, wc
with Ikans ot div.'r, Co-
h burn Ni^ht and Day,
Tln-li' Bui:ju>ii avlhc-
'J/, that till Si.iil< ot th;
li Ojiinion is generally re-

1 the InMfs and 'ii Ctir.it,
wc fliall have Ociafiun to
m of the Sij>uichrc tnat-
., ainl D.itrs. An I-.iivuy
uimbrcn to aCTurc the (jo-

I-'avc iir, I, ill Comijany

-Icrchants, invited for that

go iinartutJ a Mile out of

it lai I Ei-.voy, he received

and Turbaiu, with a grca;

ir rather Banilitr Gamhcn,
the Pn/uim and .haif.am
mK-l-;titu.\-, accordirtjto
i.;<r.t, whole l"ootrte^s we
mv{\ of the Maps of Ptrfu
ivhich I'rotceds truin hence,
la too high, they extenJ
[h toSoiuii, l)eyond itstn;c
Rfjil) .It 41% whereas ;t ;s
dtli ot Pcrjii from Gjmlnt
(•g'e«, which plai.ily fiiews
makes the Ijctcnt ot Perp
Lordii'.g to their own Com-
iz to l')C in 25% tlic Brcailti
f tlian I i. Degrees.
his City was a mire N'lllagf,
but fwue the Reduawr. ot
ul hdun Sliips have lourAi
Tarlxmr, and the Traders
•mg thither their Silk, xiJ
y f xcli.mgc for Eur:;>'nn an.l
Luatioii IS upon tl;e Perfui
lljv n, in whiih Slnps may
the- UMlVnangcr, m fiv^e or
cndrd l)y two llrong Caltl'',
talUe IS foititicd with iomc
lovidrd witl Artillery. Ihe
Ji.ik, n:ade of a Mixture ot
AT, and Hoilc-ilung, whcrrJ,
iver itwiuial aycrotStiaw,
,• till they !i.ivi- railed u w
they I't it on l-'iif , and biini

, a Loini«'luii"' "' ''"^ ''"f
W4t-r, ai'Mimiel-uiKswIuh

thiH.;.' )''•■>• The i.n.l«

753

where tlic Englijh tnA Dutch arc lodged, which are fo near without the City, and having finidied their Day's Work,
the Sea-fide, that at High-Tidc the Water comes up to carry it Home again, witiiout any T'rouble, bein^' compo-
thc very Walls of them. The lower Rooms being cm- fed only of Cants faftened to the Woof of the Lioth.
ployedforthe Uyingupof their Merchandize, and the upper
tor Lodgings, being the moft convenient for the free Paf-

fagc of tlie Air. The poorer fort cover their Houfcs only
with the Sprigs and Leaves of Date-Trees.

The Streets of this City are very narrow, irregular, and
not kept clean, which, together with the excedive Heat of
the Climate, and the Changcablcnefs of the Winds, ren-
ders the Air very pernicious here : I'or, in the Morning

They have here a certain copper Coin which they call
Beforg, fix whereof make a Pays, ren Payj a Cbay, which
is equivalent to Five-pence Englijl) -, two Cbays make a
Mamoudy, two whereof make an .ll/as, and three Mcis's a
French Crown •, an hundred Mamoudys make a Tumuitit
which is worth five French I'iftoles; but Upani/Jj Rials
and Rix-dollars are prefered before all the other Coins in
Perfia, by reafon of the vaft Advantage they make of

they arc fufficientiy fcnfible of a cold liaft Wind, which to- them in melting them down. As to their Weights, a.

wards Noon changes to the other P^xtream, viz. a very hot Man is fix Pounds, a Manckt twelve, and the Manfurati

South Wind. The wafte Wind, which blows towards thirty Pounds.

>;j|Tht from the Sides of Arabia^ continues the Heat of the The Pearl Trade is alfo one of the greatcft in Gmbron^

Day till Midnight, when a cold North Wind coming from and is carried on near the Ifle of Ba/jram, fix Leagues fron\

the Mount-iins, introiluces a fudden Alteration. Befidcs the City. The Filherman's 1 lead is inclofcd in a Bag of

this, it rains lb fddom here, that in 1632 they ordered a oiled Leather, which Jias a Pipe reaching up above the

(Hiblick Thankfgiving for a plentiful Shower of Kain, after
a conti.uial Drought tor three Years.

This is the- Kealbn that all about tlit- City you fee no
Grafs, or o'her Herbs, except what is produced with in-
credible Labour in fotne Clardcns, where they have Gar-
lick Onions, Chibols, Radifhes, and Cucumbers v but
thefe murt be watered twice or thrice a Day. It is the Ifle
ot Kifmifd' which chietly tiirnilhes tins City with Pulle
and Fruits •, it lies three Leagues from Cimhron, being fif-
teen leagues in length, and three in Breadth. In June,
and the reft of the Summer Months, this Uland produces
(irajKS, Damlins, Peaches, Mangoes, (^inces. Oranges,
l^-nions, and Pomegranates, both red and white : And in
Oitober, Melons, Citrons, Cucumbers, Kadillics, Onions,
Turnips, Almonds, PilVachoes, Apples, Pears, and divers
other Fruits, and that in liich Q^iantities that they are fold

Water to fetch Breath through ; he rakes together all the
Shells he can meet with at the Bottom, and having filled
his Bag, which hangs about his Neck, at a certain Signal
given by him, he is drawn up into the Boat, which is wait-
ing for that Purpofe.

The Governor of Gatnhron has the Dignity of a Sultan
annexed to his Office, and has under him a Vizir, or Se-
cretary, and a Coutcval, or Captain of his Guards ; be-
fides thefe, there is a Sabandar, or a Receiver of the Cuf-
toms J tho' the HolUmden, purfuant to a Priviledge grant-
ed them by Shah Abas, pay none, and the Englijij arc io
far from paying any Duty here, that they ought to have
a Moiety of all that is received, but arc forced to be
contented with about atenth Part, the Perjiaus thinking it no
Crime to defraud Strangers, efpecially if they bj Chrifti-
ans, when their Prince's Intcreft is concerned. As the

here at an eafier r.ite than at. any nther I'lace in Perfia ; Perfian Horfe are incomparably better than the Indians t

whence it comes, that the Inhabitants iced for the moft part the Englijh, as well as the Duttb, pay fifty Crowns Cul-

on I'ulle, Fruits, and what Filh the neighbouring Sea fur- torn for every Horfe ihey i-xprt. However, the EiigliJIt

niihes them with, the Meat hereabouts being, by reafon of have the Priviledge of tranfj)orting twelve Horfco yearly^

the excedive Heat, not very well tailed, and of little Nou- without paying any Cuftom tor them, an indi.lerent Perji-

rilhinciit, though othcrwifc tiiey have fuificient Store of an Horfe being worth 400 Crowns in the Indies. The Iiv

Cattlc, i'iich aT Oxen, Cows, Sheep, but efpecially of habitants of Gamhron are, generally fpcaking, Pcrfians, A-

Goats,' which arc fold at the rate ot iix or eight Sliillings rattans, and Indians, who all fpeak the Portugucze Lan-

apiece. They have here alio a kind of Rams with four guage, which was introduced into thofe Parts whilll the

Horns', hut no wild Fowl. Amongft other Fifli, Pilchards, Porlugueze were Mailers of Ormuz -, tho* ever fince the

Smelts', Oyllers and Crabs are catched here in vail Quan- Conquelt of it by the Pcrfians, they arc not permitted to

titles. Their ordinary Drink is fair Water, which being
brought to the City two Lca?;ucs Dillancc, is very dear
fometimes ; they drink alfo Arrack, or llroi-.g Water, made
of Rice or Dates.

Pertbns of Note, and the bcft Merchants, have their
Cloaths made after the P,-rfi.in Moiie, but the common
People take no more Care than to cover their Privities.
The Women look upn it as their chief Ornament to have
many Rings of Silver, Brafs, or Iron, according to tlieir
refpittivc Abilities, about their Arms and Legs. To their
Hair, which hangs down over their Foreheads, they fallen
a kind ot B'.Klkiii of Silver, gilt, or Brafs, and wear in
t.He lelt Noftril of their Nofc a gold Ring, with a i'ur-
cuoife, a Granatc, or jicrhaps only a gold Knob enamclkd
or plain. T'heir' Pendants arc io weighty, as to draw their
I'jrs down almoll to their Shoulders. J heir winter Sca-
fon being from Oaobcr to May, when the Heats are lels
violent, this is their chief T'ime for tr-iding, when the Per-
fmns, Arabians, Banjans, Armemam, Turks, and Tartars,
come hither with the Caravans, which fit out at certain
Times Iroin Aleppo, Bagdat, Ifprdwi, Sbiras, Labor, He-
rill, and linjlera, under the Convuy ot certain Guards.

1 he En^hjb and Ihitib commonly come hither by Sea,
and Ixildcs their re.uly Money, bring divcrfc Commodi-
ties both out of Europe and the Indies, which they cx-
changi; fur Pn/ian lapellry, raw Silk, Cotton, Rhubarb,
Satlion, and Role-water, which is iiiailc in valt Qiuntities
jlHHit .W'/n», either by Inlulion, wluch they caW Gullab,
and look upon it as the bell, or Uy Dillillation, and this
they call .treka-^ull, i. e. the Sweat ul Roles: Both Kinds
atenuKhulal alh.ver they/;./<ai where they mix it with per-
fumes, and they ule it to fweeten their Rooms with it. 1 Icie
are alio Alnimlanie ot Callicois nude m portable Looms
whiel, ilu- We.ivcis lalliii to a Free, v\ loine other Place

N u ,\i 1) . , I .

come to Gambron, which is open to all other Nations,
Chrijlians, Jews, Pagans, and Mohammedans, being per-
mitted to trade here, wiuch is the Occafion they live in
open Hollility with the Perfians ; cake their Ships as Prizes,
and frequently land in the neighbouring Iflands : Unto one,
which is about three Leaiaics oH" the Continent, the King
of Spain\ Subjecls arc penniited to come and traffick,
paying certain Duties to the Governor of tiie Callle that
commands the Illand.

7. The City oi Ormuz was featcd in an Illand of tiie fame
Name, about two Leagues from the Continent, and fix
Leagues in Circumference, being compofed of nothing
but fait Rocks, not producing the Icaft frelh Water, but
it was the Advantage and Goodiiefs of its Harbour and Situa-
tion, which made it lb famous for Commerce, that, it was
a Proverb among the Arabians, that if the World were a
Ring, Ormuz ought to be confidered as the Diamond.
According to Texira, Shah Abas, a Native of Arabia,
having in the centh Century made liimlelf Mailer of the
Provinces bordering upon the Arabian Gulph, palfed over
into the Ifland, where he built the City of Ormuz. Sha-
bedin Mohammed, of the Pollcrity ui Mobammcd i\\c nth
King oi Ormuz, died 1228, and he who leignec. in i6oS\
when it was conquered by the Pcrtugu.z:, was named Saf-
fcdin, a Tributary to the King of Perfia.

For Albuquerque having been lent to vifit the Coafts of
Arabia, being informed that the People of Ormuz lived
in no good Onderllanding with their King, by rcaloii ot
the Milmanagenient of his chief Minillcr, came the 25th
of .September before the City -, and alter having defeated
their Fleet, obliged the King of Ormuz to acknowledge
the King uf Por/iiga! lor his Sovereign, to pay a certain
T'ribute', and permit AHuqiiaque to build a Citadel where
he niould tliink ir moll pi- p r, which was performed ac-
\; cordingly.

" 1 ' ,

%:■ •;

■1 ^

:♦ »

' M

754 7/v Rk MARKS, £/r. c/ John Albert dc MantiLllkx.* Ecck I.

[%t i

y.i':

''fir

I-* 'f:

Pi'felilt

tfonlinglv. ami the Chajifl calica Our Blq^d l.ti,h cf f'tc-
tiry. The Mccn, loon atter rfpcntinj' ol ihcir liirKam,
maJc ffvcral LtVorts to la! their 1 l.iiuls of tliilc unwckomc
Giirllsi but th.v N.i;'[»ionll.intly n, nn their Ciii.iril, not
only t'riiftratr.i ail thiir n((i;'ns, Init aili) cnj^Kliea all
thi' Commcraot ih'-fc I'arts to tlumlllvis only permit-
ting S.ipdditi to live in the Illr, at a (V'<h1 P;lhncc lioin
thcCiLulfi. Sh.ih .llui king pruvoivtJ by tlinr Inlolcnce,
arJ rlpecially by their luvli p j;;vti\ I'raidmn to a cer-
tain //.;.',•.:«, nanieii Cin!ru!i, wlio was lU 1 out ot Per/i^,
rnpaged the Kn^hfl} to ji in ^^.tl^ hini in rcvluiirij this
riace, wh\h was attai kal ami lanicl in i6?:, ai.d put
into the 1 lanJsut t!ic Pn/uin^ . tlie Wai! ut the Lity being
demolifheJ, aiul 6'.;m.'.ri,« raUlil upim the MMWioiVrmuz.
The hi}:!-Jh, as a Rcwanl tor their Sirvite, had iiot
cnly an Ixcmption from a!i Itiiti-.s granttil them at Gtm-
h.ii, but alio a Moiny o'i i'i the Ciillonis that ihouKl be
rrieivril th'.'re. By tl.'i- Time an /•>/(;///* Ship, taHed the
Sivan, Burthen ■;c.i I'viPS carryi' g twenty-four Guns,
being airiveil in \\v Hailvjur of {iimlrctiy bound for iV
r.:/, Mr. //rmisr..', tlieihict'Apicnt tor the Eiig!i/b Com-
fa?iy. reromiirniiei! me to the Ciptain, to carry me, and
i!eli'.iv al! my C.h.upfs tliKher ; but what proved very vex-
atiuus to mr was 'hat cut of eij^ht I lorfes which I had
biofpjit a'tipg w'lhmr, am! could have ibid tor an hundred
ami (itty Crown* a-j ieec at Siimi, I ruuld carry no more
tli.in two, kirp obliged to fell the reft at Lijnt^rcn for
Juif what thry c-i{\ me.

S. I emlali.rd the 6:h of /'/»;•)/ with Mr. ^4.in'rf ani]
Mr. //.;.'.', two /iiri;Ay?> i>!erch.uits and went fiom (iam-
i':'ivj ^urnt in ri- e'c.n Day- •, during whiih Time I
wai veiy civily cnttriaimd by the Ciptain, who rfllgntil
his pwi> Ikd to me, and being very plentifully provided
With low!. Mutton, ffiOfX Sa.k, Knglijh Bier, French
Wine, and other Rctnihments : This witli the l/fc of a
Ptifaii n'.ade of Cinairi'j!', and tlie Rhind ot l'om([;ra-
ratf!!, and of a foo.l (^laniiiy of Tea, rcllored me to
H'rkct Health. i\\'- Wind proving contrary that Day,
we we!c ob!i!;ed to he at Am hor till the next, when we
ttxk our Lourl'.' towaids the lilc oi Ormuz, t)ut, being
liirprized by a Temjxd from the Well, were torccd to
ccme t'j an A'uhor in Si'^ht ot this lOand. The Stii we
cn.lcavourul, by lalx'iirin^; with a Weft-Wiml, to pafs
b; twet n the Illcs cl Ormuz and K'/mifd; which are [our
I/af^ucs diilaiit tiom each other. The lame Day one of
our Seamen, who. died ol the bloody- llux, Ix-nv^ thrown
over-Uaul, and I b;irg as yet af»li<;ied with the lame Di-
(V'.mjxr, the Sight ol it tauird vny mebnrholy SjKaila-
tions in me. '1 h* r.'-\t Nii'iit h.iVM ;; ]>aHtd between the
two inai.'s we coalUd it alor^J 'he Sta .%ore oi Jratia,
wiiirh is viiy fafe thrrtah ;.t<.

The icih bcinf; in thcop.en Sea, we difiovertd a Ilrate,
who Icmttimrs catrc p;c!iy rear u<, but lindiny we en-
<lr.!vcurid to get the \Vind ot 1: ii , he made towanis the
Ife of Scc:l:r.i, fiuiiic in zi" .;"', at ilie v( ry iMitrar^c
M the Rcd-Sca. To the \V. and N. F. it hai MiiimU,
or tilupj, and to the S. f lie Coi.l.n'.nt of ..'rAiia, from
whence it is not alxjve fixictn 1 ea^ufs dillant. Its Le i gth
\r. about twenty-five rea{.;ue5, and the Brradrh ten, hav-
ing very yc-QA HatNmrs a:-.d Uic Archorajre on all
S:'!r«. The Inhulitart', wi,<5 are governed by a Suhan, un-
t!(Tfhe Jtirifdi.tion of a Km^ ot /irslia, are oi a mean
Stature, er-.thiimg to l.eacncls, of a black Complexion,
but very inrdy. They feed chiefly U|X)n l-iHi and 1-ruits •,
thty hvc very friendly with their Wives who are chiefly
.imitan.', but do not jx-fn.it th' m to l)c lecn l-y Strangers.
A- they are veiy ci.itty in their l>jling5, and adu'terate
t!/jic tew Comn.oditirs they huvc, !o thry are always mif-
tiui'.lul u others. They v.:': die Fall:- ol Dates inf\ead of
L'read.^ '1 he L'.ar.d afVoKls lime Oiai^^rj, but none of the
I rfl i Tci-ara) anj Ciiruis, li ailo lumc C'cxoi Tree«, l)ut
i.,e liuit (f!i»»>m comes to Muiuriiy, by rMl(jn of the
flony C.riAjnds, Their (hid Cuj;ur.< diiy i, Ahxrs, the
juice of which is E-ithered in li.'adJ'r. c: (ioat-ikins dried
i..theSi.n. TI.ey arc alio wcil It.rcd wnli lii • Cum calleil
J 'raf;o!i's.H!ccd, and keep abundance ot CivitCats ■, fo
f.-t CiVit may [;<• bcu^'ht tJicrc lor three i.r l(.ur Crowns
t.r Ounce I lii.t the wiiiil is,
(. a:-. Ih-.' I.^vsn. VK.IJ

tf..!t tiiry a
Tu'.vl, and

I'ilteratc it wiih
but veiy little

tame s yet are not iKllitute of Cattle, lucli as Catmli.
AlKs, Oxtn, Ccjws, Sheep and (loai., ih,.- Ikurol v.h^
about the I'hii^hs .iiu tuiK d as our Sutyrs .in: paiiutj "
Mic Rclidiiiic ot the Governor is tailed 7,;nwn' U.
inK ilclcndcd by a loii not alxAc a Cihiiun-ihot um\ t t
bia-fule. '1 hey make ulc ol Bnud Iwui.Is with U,",
I lilt-, without a Guard. li.tir I'oinuidi, whlJi i\L
wear conlbuuly on their Girdles, h.ivc Hi.iclei ot rc.aihr-
Inehcj broad near the 'liit.s, but vay n„ii[j towoiili t^I
I'oinij. I'hcy alfu undcrlland the Man.ijv nxntut t,.^.
aims, but don't keep il-m well -, and aic wiy ixjx.,t','r
tlic Ule oi their fmall L kkis, vshtitvutli tlicy dittnil
ihcmfilveg a};ainll their Ki.v'mies. Ih.y luvc no orLcr
Miippinp tlun a ttw llai bottonicd lillimg boats. ']'l,j
Torrents whicli talldcjwu liein i!.. .Mciurtmns inty the S..i
Lke a Rjver, lurnifh all the .Siups that com.- mto ,i'j[
Road with liiiritie.it (juantiiics of trclh V>.itir. Ihcy
eat no Swincj llcfli any more tJian oiIkt ■\Ll.ammeJjKs
but have no Mofqucs, or any other publuk I'laics ut De*
Vuticn, which confilh chiefly in adoring the 6ui\ every
Mc;rning, and at the rifing and fettiin;of the I'aiiic, whictj
they rc[ieat tliree or four Times a Day, hciidcs n.i,ttciir.T
out certain WoreU as they make the ir Revircnce, "

The 14th of /ffrilvic were in 2^" j.^'; ;lie Kth at
ti»4e/, .uid the iCth at 2:' 40'-, the »7ihat2P5j',
when our Captaui tell lick ol a b'tvcr. '1 he iSth at a*
S' i the ii^tli at 2o« 42' ; the :cth at 2u- 50' ; tlie nd
2o» 50' I the 2^d at 2o» 18', ^nd the 25th"arrivcd ukly
in the Road ot Surjt, where Wl- rail Author witl.m cwj
l.r.igiKS >A th; Shore, berauli: the Captain not i; t;:n;ii„T
to tl.iy here, would bc lure of the Coiivcniciiey of gi,.i;^
away wl.cn he pleaftd i befidc-, that luin May lo Srp-
Irmitr iliea* is no fair ridin;; at Andior in tiiis ko,i',;, ly
realoii ot the freqiniit Ttmpc fis ; whereas on the lulti;;i-
Coalls 01 the htiu:, in the Gulph of BiT^a; the Sta'uii u
very fair and caiin ail th.it 1 im- -, tor, it is to be- dy-
lervcd, that the Ye.u- here In-, only three .S'-alunf. Jn the
Months ot ichuary, AUrcb, .'Iptil, and M.iy it is exevl-
live hot ; in June, July, yiiij:;ujt, and irpui:/:', there ii
nothintj elle but Ram, with 'i inimJer and Ti^iunjiig;
anil the Months Otlober^ Ncr.'cmi'cr, D-\fir:l':r, jnd y..-
««..■/;. arc cold, .r. far as is confilhjnt with that Ciini.iii-.

i». ///r;/ the jmIi the l.ajjtiin hiviiu', lent Ai. vice of
ins Airiva!, i\v: rhiet Director of tlic hJ:glijh Coirpaiiy .it
Stirtit, lent iwi) yo'jnp Mcteliants on Board to ekiirr as to
torn:- to iiir.it ; lii that at'ccr havin'^ trltifRd my Aiknow-
Icdgcments to him lor his many Civilities by a Imall Pre-
lent, I lett the Ship the i'lth, and no I'ooner entered the
River Tiiie oi lynrir, upon which Su>.:t lies, hut we hail a
very agreeable I'roljiee't to many plcalant (lardens and
Summer-houlfs all white, and turroundtd with grtca
Trees. It is to fliallow at the I-ntrancc, that it will Icarcj
carry a Bark oi" leventy or eighty 'l"un. \Vc land.-d near
the Sultan's I'alace, and from th; r.ce went llrai; aw.iy to
the Cuflom-houfe to luve our 1 hin;i;s Irarthed, wlnth ii
done with k> muf h Rii^our h.ere, th.it tluy ipare no: yuir
Cloaths cr Pockets ■, ami what is worl'e, the Sultan, n.iy,
and c hi-l Cullomhoufi" Orficers have a Cuffom to oLIigJ
Stranger"- to part with any tiling they like bcfl at I'lieh a
I'rite as thry i^hafc ; accordingly the Sultan having (ti:n
an .Ambcr-brartlct and a Diamond among ny Things
would ncftls (he. '.pen them both ; but I telling him tl'H 1
was no Merclurt, and. intended no: to fell them, i t-t to
keep them for tin- "^ake' of thole- who hid prcll-nted th'-tn
to me, I liiveei m. Diamond, but he woukl needs ta!-:c the
Brae I let, uncKr Hien rce tliat he would rtflorc it to me
wlifiu ver I fhou! i f.vnrur him with a Villt.

By till', i ime the !iu:;/ijb ( lovcrnor, having lent h..
Coath, drawn by two whirs Oxmi, 1 went to the I h-uk be-
longing to their Company •, at the b ntram e ii whith 1 -sa
received by the Dird'tor'himilll and his Deputy, one Mr.
l.'emlos : As the Dirte'tor umhrlUwd Dulch viry well, he
aiei.lU-il me' in that l.iiiiuiage, ttllini' m.-, ihat in lucli a
Country as this, he thought allt hi illians wen- obli- 1 to
give AllJIIanec one to another •, but that to mo h: w.is
obliged to do it more pattitulaily, m return for the At-
I H\ut\ I had exprelled to lomr oi h.s Countrynitiii a: /;
f<il.jn. Having Mttiined the C omplimcnr, I waj cor.-
ituClcJ into a Room wh-.re a Coll.aio;- wa> ii.a!y tcr ni" .

I'.' •• ^iii

UC"

Rct^k I. ■ Chap. II. through feveral Countries of the INDIES.

75 S

mio, fuc!i as Camdj,
at., ll.i; llair ot \\\^\^\
Satyrs ,iri: pmtcj,
■ is called lumaty, [,(,
I Ciui-.un-lhoi iiuni liu
oaJhvoiJs \v;tli !,i|;'g

I'oinialilb, \sli;ji ([."'y

ivc ULulii ot ncirthr.:
wry ll.,iii) tottiiils t!.e
I M.ir.3|-,i.iixntut I'i:'>
, anil am vny txjxtt ii.

wliticvMth thfy ddlnd
1 li^y luvc no other
:il I'Uhiri^; boats. 'J hs
Mi)iii-t.ui.s iiitothc S*..),
.'.s that loni." into tl.ac
A trclh Watir. 'Ihty
an otlitr Moiammdans^
T jiiibluk I'laics ot De-

ailorin^ il\c Sw\ cviry
ttli'^iol the I'aiuc, wliicrt

Day, Ixlidci n.iutcciii;;
itir RtV;-rcncc,
1 2^" 24'; :lic ijth .It
Q'i the lyih ,it 21' 53',
ever. '1 he loth at a*
:th at 20" 50'-. t!iL' iii
A the 25th arrivcu lakly
.■ cull Anchor within two
ic Caj-lain not intending
e Coiivcnicaty ol g'.ir.g

that lum MiJy loSfp-
Ai'.clii-r in ti.:s Ko.i.'., Ly

\vi'i;;rcjs 011 the l'jlti:;i-
h ot BiT^ai the Sca!uii :j
T! -, lor, It IS to be i;l>-
ily tlircf S'-alons. In the
n7, and iV/j* it is cxicl"-
thcfs i>
■'■■i-.gi

and ^fplen:^-.',
ininder and l.'w

mhcr, D-:^i'i:l':>\ and 'j*
rent with that Clini.iti-.
n haviiu', lent Ailvicc 01
tlie /v;i,'M C'on:;;aiiy .n
s on I^iard to dci.rf ii'^ to
in", tritiliul my AiLiiow-
Livihtifs by .1 linail I'rc-
and 110 i'ooncr tniacd th:
1 ^u>iU hcs, but wc had a
ir,v |>!calant dardcns and
1 'uirroimdcd wit!i [;rce:)
ntrancL-, that '.t willlcarcj
y Tun. Wc- land;-d n;ar
h; r.fc wciit llraii aw-iy ta
1 hmp;s Irarchcd, wlnthij
th.it tlity I'parc no: yoLr
is woilV, thf Sultan, n.iy,
h.ivc a C'liftom tu 0! hi;:
p tiicy like bed at iiklia
ly the .Sultan havinfi; fftn
nond among ny Ttiirgs
; hut I tcllini!;liim th.u 1
\ no: to ftll thcni, I i.t to
wlio hail prcll*!;tfd ili'-m
t hr wfxild needs take thr
,<■ woidd rtftorc it to ii'.c
gvith a Vifit.

lovernor, havinp: lent h..
n, 1 went to the HouIJk-
1,- l'ntr.nn<e(.t whiih I ■■^.i^
t undliis lX-[n,iy, one Wi.
rllood i)«;f/> vrrywrlhl-
tfllini' m.-, ihJt inlui-ia
I bull tans wercobli- 1 w
■, hut that to nic he w.^s
,'lv, in rt-turn for t.he Ah
ot ll.i C'l.iirtrymrn at Ij-
C (Mnplimc-f.r, 1 \\.i:; <;w-
,il.U)<j:. wakaa'y lani'i

we were no foo. .i- fat down, but havinc imderftood mv ebar !in,\TAii„ 'n,« n c j.. , ■ r

he inviU'd me very engagingly to Hay with him live or
fix Montlis, bccauii: no more Shins would come into that
Road this Year, adviling me to fptnd what lime I had
in viewing the Country, and otfcring his Recommenda-
tion to the EngUJh Merchants living in thole I'laccs thro"
which 1 was to pals.

Jlaca-Cban ; that of Pahgah is the Chief of all the King-
dom : Its capita! City is LMr. The Province of Clnf-
mr or ^iexmtr, lies upon the River K-zal, or Bad.',
which after it has made a vaft Number of Idands in this
Province, joins its Current with the River Ganges. The
1 rovmce of Bankifcb borders to the Eaft upon that of

His engaging hxpren.ons obliged me to choofe my Cbifmcr. and the Province ot Jcngopar, or Icmip.r lies
Chamber in the amc Houlc next to that ot the Deputy's -, between the Cities Labor and i/a.^ Th^hd WP o^i cc
in the hvenin.; levcral Merchants came thither to conduct of 7^^^, or Jamta, borders to the Weft uoon hat of 7' «
„cto Suppermalpariot^ lldl. where I found the Mi- gab. Th^ Province Del^^^.Z^^^ Z^^^^^^^^^^

niiter and about twelve Merchants more '^ *■• - ■' ' "■ .•-•'.. ".':">^".."-""«- "' /"""a ami

the Miniiter brought me in
found the Uircdlor and his

the cool Breezes of the Sea- Air, which was our ordinary of Baiulo lie's on the VVeh-fide of the u'tyof jgra
Kendezvouz alter Supper. At Dinner we had commonly The Province of Mah.ay, or Malwa, has for its capital
fifteen or fixtecn Dilhes. befides the Dclart. Every City Rai.rpore, within halt a League of the River cfpra,
thing was earned on in this Uoule with extraordinary which falls into the Sea in the Gulph oi CMw.ja. The

Province of Clitor borders to the L.a(l upon that of Can-
difcb, and to the South upon that of Cuzurat. It wns for-
merly a very tlourirtiing Kingdom, its Metropolis bearing

Merchants more Alter Supper ylgra on the River of Gmini, which faUs into the Gam^s ;
into an open (.allery, where we the capital City bearing the fame Name with the Province
us Deiuty taking the Beneht of wa.s formerly the Metropolis of all In.iojlan. The Province

good Order anil Decorum. Wt h.id I'laycrs every Day
twice, and three Times on Sundays. On l-'iidays, alter

tvening Prayers, wc had a certain Llub, where we drank ^ ^ ^_ _^ „., .^„.,,"

cur \Vi\cs and Pnends Healths beyond the Seas in Sack the fame Name witli tl?e 'province! bt-in<'' nxtrLea'Hic'.'n
or Punch, being a Mixture ot Jqua ^lU, Rofe water, Compals, N.hieh was laid delolalc by thi'^Great Mc'ral //-
Juice ol Citrons and Sugar, At our ordinary Meeting (bob.ir, Cireat-grandfather of Sliah Cbimm 'I'h" Pro-
wc, as well as the l):^td\ were entertained with Tea, in- vmce of Guzcmti 'called Caml<iju by th>. PattrntZ'- fro'U
ikad of which tlie Perjmm ule Colu e. its capital City; where they drive a conliderabie Tr.'ide, is

'I he Englijb have a very fair Garden without the City, one ot the noblell and moft powerful Proviisces in Jl the
where we uled to take a Walk on Sundays alter Sermon, Mogul's Country. The Province of Car.Mh, the Me-

arid oftentimes on ether Days, Our P.xercde was Shoot- '- ' •■■.--

1:13 at the Butt •, and I made a lliitt to get near live
Pounds Sterling a Week among tiiem. We feldom went
away without a good Collation, and often bathed ourfelves
in a CilUrn which had live Poot Water, My chief Af-
tiidion was, that not unilerllaiuling the Englijb Tongue, I
could not converfe with any of them to my Satisfaction,
txcept with the Prcli.ient, who Ijjoke Diilcb. But before
1 proceed to give you any f irther Account of what I ob-
ftrvcd at Sural, and in my \'oyage, it will not be beyond my
Scoi* to give you a llioit Viiw ot t!ie Mogul's Country.

10. Tlie Cuur.try whicli [iroperly challenges the Name
tf hidia (called IndojUn by the Per/tans aiul Arabians)
bcjjiiis on the Well-lnle frmn the River Indus or Ilindo,
and reaches to tlie River Ganges. It was known among
the Ancients by the Name of Carmania, and it hath a

Haven cilled GuLa'er in ir^-'. The i'nJJans and hidojlans
themlt'ver. h-ve given the Name (4 l\i>i\;ai', i. e. live Wa-
ters, to ;!ie Riv. r Indus, becaule it is joined by lb many Ri-
vers betore it dilelurges iti'elt into the Sea. The full is

the River Bu:^ai or Bega!, whole Suuire is near Kalul ;

ti\c lecond is c.illed CbaHi'!), which rili's in the Province of

Sj)if»iir or Cajfimer, tii'tecn Days Jourmy to the North

above Labar ; the third is that of Kazy or Ravee, which

lifts not fur from Lr.lxr, and runs by it ; the two others,

'::z. the Rivers l-'ia and Ofuid, have their Sources at a valt

Dillance, their Conilueiice being near Bakar, which lies

at an ccjual DillaiiLC betwij:t I^d\r and the Sea. Some

Authors have conl'ounded this River with that of Dtul,

and placed it at 24'. The vail I'.minre of the Great Mo-

t,iil borders '.o the iLalt U[)i)n the Kingilom of Mavy, to

ih: \Setl upon Part of l\'ift.\ and the ."^outh-Sea; on the

North tide i it is tncloled by Mount G;/<iV//i/j and Great

Tjruiry i and to the South it has the Kingdom ot Dacan,

tnd the Ciulph of Biitga!. It comjiehends in all thirty-

lirvcn lVi)vii)ce<:, which anciently weie as many King-
doms. Tiie Province of CaiuLUuir, which has given its

Name to the Capital C.ty, hord.rs upon Pa/iu as the

Province of dtl'iii lias received it. N.4me from its Me-

trf)|Xjl;:;, and bordeis uj>on Gnat Tiir'.ury. Here riles the

Kiv.r Ufgal, ot which belurc.

Ihe I'rovinee ot .Mulian, with its chief City of the

L\v: Name, extends along i!ie River Indus to the Ealf,

»' th.e Province ot //juJ-C'i'.;;,-, or liaiuj-Cban, has the fame

J^i^er to t!ie Well. Bat/jar, or Hacbjr, lies on both

SiJcs of the River Indus. The Province of •I'atta is a

toiigeriii of many Illands m.i>!e by the lame River. So-

> ' is a Imall Province extending tiom the Sea-lide to the

1 ill, as tar as the I'rovmcc ot Guzarai. 'ihe Provinrc

I- Ij't!tn<re ii ench>;i^d bi.iwiM th-; i'lovmcci of iViv/, Ba-^

tiopolis whereof is Burfampour, or Brampour, is divided
into the Country of the Prince of Partapba, a Vaflal of
the Great Mogul, by the River Tabet, or Taple, which
difembogues in the Gulph of Cambaja, The Province of
berar extends to the South to Cuzerat, and the Mountain
of Rana.

The Province of Cualor, or Guallar, is famous fir the
Tower, or Caftle, whither t!ie Mogul commonly fends
his Prilbners of State, and lays up Part of his Treallire.
The Province of yf^rrt, .nnd itj Metropolis, claims now the
Precedency before all the leil. The Piovi;-.ce of Sanibc!,
or Sandii, is dividetl by tiic llivcr Gemini, which falls in-
to the Ganges from that of Nc.rvar. Ac the ConRuenct;
of thefe two Rivers, near the City of HaUfbas, they m.akc
a kind of Illc, which has given the Name of Doah, i. e.
inter aquas to this Province. The Province of Baker ex-
tends along the weftern Bank of the Gangfs, as that of
Navcr is divided by a very large River, which joins its
Current with the Ganges. The Province of Nagracu;, or
Nakarkul, is one of the moll Jtthern Provinces in the
Mogul's Dominions; its c.ii^'' Jity bears the lame Name,
where, in a lumptuous Ch..pel, the Floor covered with
Plates of Gold, is kept the Figure of a Moniltr called
Alalia, unto which the Indians who tiock thither from all
Parts, olVcr a little Snip which they cut out of their
Tongues. Near the City of Kaiamaka, belonging to the
lame Province, arifes a certain Spring out of the Rocks,
which calls forth Flames, and tor that reafon is reverenced
by the Pilgrims that come thither from all Parts. The
Province of Si!/a is famous for the Source of the River Gan-
ges. Both this anil the Province of Makarkui are very
mountainous, as well as that of Kakares, which is divided
from gre.it 'lartary by t'^<i McAintain Caucafus.

'Phe Province of (^^ar, which is alio very mountainous,
gives its Rile from/-'ie KwQr Derfelis, which joins its Cur-
rent with the Gofigcs, as docs the River Kaiida, which di-
vides the Province of Pitan, or Parian, bordering upon
the Weft upon tliat of Jamba. The Province ol Kandua-
na, which, togtther with that of Gci\ arc the moft
northern Provinces of the Mogul's Dominions, extends on
both Sides of the River Indcralis, the Province of Po-
rena being enclofed between the four Rivers of Ganges, Per-
folis, Gemini, and Kandach, is very fruitful. 'Ihat of
'~Jev:al is famous only for its City called R^yapc:ir, or Rtz-
japor. The Province of Meual, a barren Cotiniry, e::-
tends from the Ganges to the Fall, i'hat of l^'oe'jja, or
yezea, is the uttermoll Province in tlie iidl. The Pro-
vince of Bengal, which imparts its Name to the Gulph in
which the Ganges exonerates itj Waters, challenges the
faft PUvc aiijont; ail the reft under the Moguls Junldic-

I \

*^.

\ h ,

I isf ii

11^'

.'!•(

i ,;'

';;. .

i '

-' ,p

1' , > I

..•!

K! If r J J, ' ■ r:

-I „i ! 1 • .

:'«i i 1

736 -T^' Rim ARKS, £?^<- '/J^^liii Albert dc Mandclfloc Book I.

one Ifailing »o the Village of Eriou, the ffrond to 7?^^-
rcur.^t^^ the third to Najfary. All the Hn„(h are ZZ
ilu' lop, aiul have priuTally goml Garckn^. The Caftlelui
110 more than one (..itr, which I(H)1<i into the Great Mir
krt placei not far thenrc is the Governor's Palace amlth^
Cullom houle. The (governor ot the CalUe ha^ not tC
Irall neixndanrc on the Sultan, whole Bulinefs is the A 1
ininillration of JuHicc, and r.) lo.jk after the Cuftoni '
All Men hanili/.es cxjiorted or imjxjrte 1 pay three and an
h.ill pn Ctnt. hen-, except Silver coined or uncoined which
pays MO more than Two per Cent. \Va\\ the hnrllh anj
Dulih have very lair I loiiles called I^xlgcs, well providcJ
wiihChamlxrs, Halls and Galleriev

I'he llarlxjiir of Sural is aliout two League? from tho
he VilJaRc of Subeih, where Shii.^ arc im.

tion. It is fiiKiividcd info Ic-veral Provinres, the cliiefell
t)f which are /'«.'<>, and r,i,'/«. vl.ichliavc formerly been
digniticd with the lith ol Kingdom*. Texeira mentions
a (ettain !'r<)vincc ^alled Vir.it, but gives lis no more than
the lure Name-, ami what he fays ot the kini;dom ot
Coechf, vit. that it lies near dimhttya to the North, and is
tamou.s foi the excellent Breed ot Racc-horles 1: produce?,
can be underHood of no other than the Province of Can-
dij\l'.

The whole I'.xtent of the Mo|T\irs Territories is from
I- art to Wed U'O Ir.mb l/'ap,iies, and from N>)rth to
Smith 70'.>, Its uttcrmoft Frontu r> to the South bein;; at
?o', ami to the North 4?*. The Province of Gm^trnt lies
WtlUanl aloTi"; the Sea" fide, in the lorm of a Peninliila,
having on ea< h Side a Gulph,or Bay, one wlunuf is cipht
I A.\^\K% broad at the l-.ntrance, and throws narrower and
luiiuwer for loriy 1 /■apues. Thence it is bounded to the
North by the Pruviiues of .V.r^/, ^:^rfmfr, and Hamio, to
the I art by thofe u( G'iicr itu\ P.imlf, and to the South
by the Kingdom of /V.,/ni thu* its F.xtent was much
\.ire,tt lormerly, yet i!i«s it comprehend alx)ve 70,000
Cuies. Towns' and ViilaRcs, the ( hirtert whereof lying
near tiie Sea-lide, are Sural, hroii.ha, Catuitcr, Goi^a,
(:.imh.i\.:. Dm, Paiapatitn, Mut^ehr, Goniicrf, Naj/j-
r\; Cjn.ir.!, and B,t!/iira. It has thne noted Rivers, viz.
the Satlalmi, which pafTes near Broiifchia, the Tapta, and
t/.c U'.iiet , two ol the IvO Itailxurs of the hititf, -./z.
that ol Siirut, and ot Camt.ya. lor Fertility this Pro-
vince may alio challenge the Precedency lictore any of the
fnJifs, mort of the adjacent Provinces being fwpplied
thence with Fruif« and I'rovifions. Tho* the great Drotight
in l^40, ami ilie tnliiing Kains did almolf lay this I'ro-
viiKc defolate, sviiich however it has lufTicienfly recovered
finte ; iHJt it li 'Time to return to our Kel.iti'.'n.

II. The r(rf..:n Servant, whom I had brought along
with me tiom Vfalan, Ixing born of ChrirtiaJ. itesrf^tan
Pare;-."-, had given m< fome hopes of returning to the Chri-
rtian Faith, whiJi was the Reafon that I treated hiin with
more than ordinary Civility, and allowed him four Crowns
Wages /erMonth , but I was much (wrprizai to underllanti
that th'.- young TVlIow, in hojys of getting better I'refer-
nient by the Ainrtance of an I'ndeol his, who was Marter
of the Horl'c to tin Gnat Mogul, was gone to ^'igra, and
ri/uid not Ihu be |v rfuaded that his Intention ot leaving me
thuson a ludiliii, was in jiart to betiay mr into the Hancis
of the InMaH.<,hr Uing not ignorant ofwh.it had lupjiencd
betwixt them ami our People at l/fi.ihatt ; but I had aftcr-
wariK greut Reafon to admire CmkI's Providence in fend-
ing luiu, as It Were, on puriK)(e thither to (ave me -, fur
without him I had ceruinfy Ix-en left at //^n;, as will a|>-
jK-ar by the .Sequel of this Relation.

in A/<»y we received News that the Khan of Candahar
had revijlted, ami furrendered the Place to the Mogul, who
had fcnt five iiundred th<iuf<knd Crowns as a Reward for
him afld the Garrifon. 'Junt the icth we went a Hunting
with a Dutth Merchant, and anothtr Enf[lijhman, erofs the
River to a Plate called R(neal, where the Duub have a
Warrhoufe, \'.\^\ being nobly treated there that Night, went
the next Day to a Village called BcJiik, where we killed
divers wild Ducks, and a i lern •, we law alfo a great Num-
Ur of Deer wiih gray .Skins, but che(]uered all over with
wliite S[x)t5. Their Hi'rns : very fair, and had levcral
Brow Anilen •, fome were ....linur; to a dark brown,
ch<ci}uercd likevkifc With white .Spots, v'ith very line Horns,
and oi the Bigncfs of our Roe bucks 1 Ibn-e are of Opinion,
tliat ihcy are of the kind which f'roduce the Bi'^oar.

All t!ic Fields have a fmall Dike raifeil about them here
to keep in the W.iter, the Rice teciui-ing abundance of
Moirture. I lere we alio drank lonu- I .iquor thry draw out
of tile Pain, tree, by making an Inciiii n in the Bark on the
'l\>\) ot the 'Tree, unto which thry taiUii an I'arthen V'ef-
fcl, into which ihc Liquor dirtils \ it is very fwcct, but
foon tii.'Ds lour.

I he City of Siirat lies in 2 !• 42' uiHin the River Tapla,
which arilingnear liiiritmjtour , falls into the Sea four I .eagues
lylow Sural, which r. Iniilt toiir-lijuare upon the very Banks
ot the River. It has no Fortitic ations on the River Side,
but is jirovi led with a gooil Stone Rampart on the Land-
fide, and the Calllc is all of Frcc-llone. it has three. Gates,

City, near tin

laden, and Commotlitirs brought thence to Surni by | jmi-
Carriage. 'The Haven lies in .'. c r,o' ii|xjn the Couric ol
North-l'-afl and South-Wrft; the Fntrancc is narmw, and
at high Water not alx>vc lirven Fathom deep, at low hut
live: The Harbair itielt king not atwve hve hiinHrej
Pace-, broad, a fandy Bottom, with fharp and lleen bank5
which are almoll dry at lf)W Water ; it is, however, ii'l
anchoring here, there being no l>anger but from the Smith.
Wert Wind, except from May to Hrpimhtr, when there ij
no rtaying here by rralbn of the furious Temperts. Moft
of th< Inhabitants of Sural are either BaKJiins, Hrmm, or
Mjub ; ihe lart are more refi>ertcd than the reft, as being
MchiimmetUms, and beraufc they always apply themielvcj
to Arms, as on the contrary, the Ranjans make Traffitk
their chief Bulinefs, and aic much addiifled to Religion,
of whom we fhall have orcafion to fay more hereafter.

Bendci the le, fome .Irahians, Pnfians, /Irmmani, furi,
and ymi, are Inhabitants here, but the moll crmliderabic
ot all T'oreigners here arc the fn:^///i and Duhb, who
have the;r Settlements, Direftors, Slerchants and Clerk.*;
cf()ecialljr the I'n^lip.\ who have made this the ch.cf
Place ot their Trailc in the Imiies. All the other fVto-
ries tliey have at .Igra, Ijpahan, Mufiliputan, C.tmbj;, A-
ma.iahal, Bretlra, Mn\ Broiijiiia, having a Di jjcndjiice on
that of 5i«r<jr, and are obliged to Ix- accoiint.tble to their
chief Direetor rcfiding in this City, and there h Icarcean
hnj^hjb Ship, which either f/oing, or coming into thcli;
Parts, does not touch at Sural. 'I'he Country round a-
Ixjut this City IS very delightf'il, Iving adorned with a v.iil
Nunil>erof (iardensand Iniit-trec, and among the reft,
I oblerved herealxiuis one ot thole 'Ircrs, the Branches ol
whifh take RcKit atrefh in the Ground mentioned in the
IVlirription of Gumhron. Among other things, I faw j
large Cirtern of Iree-rtone, eight Ii|uare, having at each
Angle a Pair of Stairs, and in the mulrt of it a moll
fumj'tuous Sepulchre, in which the Founder is buried;
thisCillcm is lo large, tlut it fuoiJies the whole City witj)
Water.

AlHiut the I nh of Srptmbcr then the Tempcft hegan
to ctale, two hngii^j Ships arrived in the Port of Sumt,
called the Dtfiovery, and the Mary, the tirtt i6ooTii!-j
Burthen, ?S Guns, ami lyo Men •, and the lecond of I2C0
'1 un«, carrying 48 Guns. We were very gineroully enter-
tained aboard them for eight Days togerinr, our conlhr.t
F.mployment fx-ing to go afhore every Day a Muniirg,
and to return on Board .it Ni;',ht. 'The 24th of the fame
Moniii «Mved two other Shii>s, one a Duicbman ol 14CO
Tuns, bound from flalo'.'ia to Ho'.lanti, the other an En-
^lijh N'efTel called the :>ivan. We were likewili: very genc-
rourty entertained on Board them, the Duttb Veflel bein;',
Isorh the biggert ami the lx!lk contrived of any .S.'iip tlij:
C''er eame out of Holland; with thele, and t'u^h like Di-
vertifemenf., I lulTed my Time pleafantly enough at S.f
rat : But underlfanding it would Ik- feveral Muntlis betor:
tiie AAf^/r/b -svoulc! U- ready tcjr their Dejurture, 1 relulv.-.l
to fake the ()p|)ortunity of a certain Caravan, Icrt by tl,;
Engtijf} to .httiiJiihat, under a Convoy ot tcjine i'',s' ■'•;'•'
Soldiers, to take a View of the CJieat Mogul's Court.

12. Thinking mylelf thus liitficieiitly guarded aijai;;;.
the Kaflipect!, I leir Sural the lall of Sff.'c-nwcr, and jon
ing with the Cai.ivaii, we tcKik our Way towards Ar-;.'-
fibia, rrofling the River .tt the Village ot Friii. t""'
I /agues theme, we palled Ity Qillo ieni, dnd atterwar..)
by Lmrtlijfr, where we killed .ibuiidanci ut wild l)wl^^,

IHoc Book I.

I, the ffrond to Harm.
ill f he Unufes are rtat on
Gardens. The Ciftlehoj
[iki into the Great Mar-
ivern(,r's Palace, ami the
t the Callle hai not the
rhofc Bulinefs is the Ad-
(»k after the Ciiftoms.
HHirtel pay three ami an
ninrilorunajined.whifh
\t. H<)tli the hnglilb \\\A
il l-odgcs, well provided
Ties.

lit two League? from thi;
V, where Shipi arc un-
thcnce toS^ni/ liy l.md-

• r^d (ipn the Coiirii- of
' Ivntrunrc is narrow, and
I'athom deep, at low hut

not alx)ve five himrircd
th (harp and Ucep Uanki,
Iter •, it \\ however, fa'c
anper but from the Suiith-
) Sfptmhrr, wiicn tlicre ii
furious Tempefts. Moft
ther Bnnjiini, Uriimini, or
:Ud than the reft, as being
f always apply thetnlcivci
ic lianjans make Traffick
Dch addifled to Religion,

to fay more hircaftir.
"ft/iaits, /Irmtnttint, 'M,,

but the moll i:oniidcrab!c

h.n^UP} and DuUb, who
s, Nlerchants and Clerk*;
ave made tliis the ch.cf
lies. All the other Fadto-
, Mit/i.'ifalan, C~imh>i, A-
I, having; a Dijicndjnce on
to Ik anduntable to their

ity i and therf b Icarce in
inj^, or comini; into the'..'
'/. 'I'he t'ouiury toimd a-
, iK-ing adorned with a v.iit
trees and among the rift.
Idle Tnis, the Branches ot

Giound mentioned in the
iong othi r (lungs I faw »
!!;lit f.HMre, having at each
in the midll of it a molt
:\i the Kininder is buried;
fupplies the whole City witl>

cr then the Tempcft HfgM
lived in the Port of Sural,
Man, the tirlt i6ooTiirj
,cnv'andthe fecomiof IJCO

• were very grncroully enter-
Days togrthrr, our conlhr,;
lore every Day a Munnrg,
'Jit. The 34th of the fame
s, one a Dutcimnn ot 14CO
) Holland, the other an En-
We were likewili: very genc-
leni, the Dutch Veflel beir;-,
. contrived of any Ship tkit
ith thel'e, and likh like Di-
me pieafantly enough at Su-
iiild 1h- fevcral Mumiis betor:
ir their Uciuiturc, I relolvrl

certain Caravan, lert by !.;;

:\ Convoy ot Ibinc tf^-:]''
he Great Moi',ul'b Court. ^
s lufficiently guarded agui:-
ic lall of Sff:^mkr, and jon-
,M.k our Way t.iw.ird5 fir-.'-

the Villa-r <'t Briu. tour

|,y QttloinJ, and alterwau.^

, d .ihuiid.inc- ut wiluUwl-^.

a;'i..

Chap. 1 1 . //j/-ouii/,> fcvf/a/ Cou nines of the INDIES.

and other W ater Fowl, a, ul o kor.|M„ks, I Vrr, and w.lj which was very likely
Boars being in fuel. Plrniy thcival.outs that one need not nient ^ for we forcin
be lon(? in want ot P.ovil.ons iljirually ai tins limc, River, where wc Hai
when we had a (^ooil Co.,k .iloni} w.H, u^. Jklo.e we tacked us. but a £)«/,
came to Broiljcbui wc dolled .» (|c«p but narrow Kivcr,
and were no looner arrived, but the A/f|(,'y4 Secretary in-
vitrd us to Dinner. 1 he City ul Ihu'itjil'ia lies in n»
56' twelve Lxagues from Sural, and ei(.jlir Iroiii the Sea-
fide, u|)on a River, wluili ((miiiii|.; i.ut i.| ilu; Mountains
is the common Boundary bctwixi ilic Kin|.,doiii ot Daan
and that ot llaliiaj^a!.

As it is fituate upon a flerp 1 1,||, n,„| provided with
Walls ot I*'reeltone, it is auniiiiidl one oj the llronj^elt
Fortreflcs in the Imlies. It h.h two l,ii|V' ( .aKs to the
l^iml-fide, and .is many 1. iler oms ii|i(iii the Kiver. All
Merchandizes thai pals thiiHi)',li n p.iy ;w(, i<ri Cent. It

iv very well peopled, but toi tin H l',,,, ^n|, e.,!!,,,,,.

Weaver-., who make the hi It In-,,. ,,l .my jn the while
Province. The In Ids lor lix or feven I rai;ues rour ' ihe
City are very flat, which, as wdl as the Klouiit,i,ns le-
yond them to the iiouih Well, lalled I'auloiJ. \ ,iii- fer-
tile in Rice, Barley, aiuU'oiKm. rinie M.m; i.iii, ; rc-
diKe Abundanrf of At^aie, wlmh is lo e( libi.ited i '.'.«
rope. I'our leagues In low ihe t iiy ih, Uiv.r ih. 'th
itlclf into two Branches, whuh alln ilny have ma an
lOand of two Miles in Ciuuiulereiiie, l.dl mto i|,c Sea 'ly
two difTerenr Channels, eight l.eac.ih'. beyimd Uri'fha.
Upon the Way leailinn to (:,iin/>,)\.i >; ihe ViHajvi': '/"'<
imfar, Of'Jamlmfar, lamou'. Im il,r gteai (^u.ii.iiiy (U In-
digo it produces. Aiul III the W.iy |„ 'malal/iii, r to l)e
feen the Sepiihhre (t a 1 1 rtam Alul',immrJaii .S.m.t, wiuthrr
they come in l'il[',rim.ine with I'adloiks on their Mouths,
and Chains on their Arms, till ihcy liave peiU.imed iheir
\'uws.

We left Broitfibia in the l''.vrninf<, and travelled all
that Night, and i'ait ol ilie n-xi D.iy, till the ixcell'ive
Meat obhged lis to leek KebrlliiiK m near a Ibiniiii.f;
Pool, where we palle,! the Kdiiaiiidit nl that Day, and
Part of the Night loilowiiig, Ihe 171I, (,f OMmt wc
came to Brodra, where the I'.iixti/li Merchantii that be-
kj.ngcd to our Caravan, and myldl, were hidj;e(l, and
mull nobly entertained 111 the hnil,//,i Umiie, and' among
t.hc rell, had the Divei lion i/t \N omen Dmeeis, who be-
ing very curious to ler my C.lo.nh, (n.i.lc ,,iter the (ieiman
lalhion, would lain have had n.e llnpped mylelf naked,
offering to do the lam--, whuh I i. Iiilin)', to do, they went
away dilcontented M it. 'I h( City ot lir^uira is Uated in a
large landy Plain, upon a Imall Uivir tailed /r.'//c7, about

i§ Leagues from Hroiijd'hi. |i was built ol late Years by
l<jji!b-j(i, dercended f'ruMi Suliaii Mohammrd Ihry^nan, the
l.ili King of Giizanil, oiu I'l the Kuiiisol the old lirodra.
It is indillcrently well toriilieil allt r the old Way, and has

five (iates, one wliercot is damiiii d up. 1 he Ciiy, but
efpccially the wellern Subuibs, aie lor th'' moll Part inha-

bital by Callicoe Weaver-., i)yei,, ami

bclunging to that Manulavluie, wjiii h

what nariowcr here, ami the I'let es lliorier thdii at Broit-
fihia. Ihe Governor ut /I'/W/J ha^ no I Is than 120 Vil-
lages umler his JuriUluUon, fixty live ot which are af-

figiied lor the Payment ol ihe tiamli.n, and the other

i^5al!utted lor I'dilaiiis to u I i.iin Olliceis belonging 10

liic Moduli's Court, and by ihiK /

are maintained
Among tlitic there is <i N'li.age i.illed Siiidniita, which

produces every Year 2<,,ouw Pounds ot Lai que : 'Plus

l^aciiuc is a ndCium, wimluome'. Iioni 11 Tree relcin-

biing, cur Plumb tree, whuh beinp, diud and beaten to

Powder, they give it v.hai Col, ur ihey pleale, and make

it intoStkLs, to leal J. .Iter, with, 01 lor lacqueinig of

Caliuiets tf. 'Phis Ciiniry atlonls alio Abuiulaiu.e ot

Imiigo. 1 went the lame l)ay lo I'l'im the Car.ivan,

wliieh 1 luinul at a Comer ol a ' unve ol Cocoa Trees,

v.itiiouc tiie City, and one ol the i.tn'jijij Menhan's of

krcdra would lueiis anoiiip.iiiy ir. as lar a^ Uajlcl, an

old lu.ntd Call L-, upon a vny Inpji Mc untain, wiure is

kept a (jairiliii) ot io>) ll.nle, wlm .ue maintJiied out

ot the Culloiiis p.ud there, bi,i wi |i,ivin|j; a P ils liom th-

M'jgiil, and conUvpiently nut thinking ourlelvcs oblig d

t"-' pay it, this occaliuiicd a Coiilill beiwccn them and us,
Numb. /,i.

757

;> 1

ly to have ended in a blocxly Fugage-
g our Way, and having croficd the
: rtaid that Night, they would have at-
tacked us, but a Duiih Caravan coming to our Allillancc,
alter the Exchange of li.me fmall Shot, the Matter was
compofed, and the Carrifon forced to be contented witli a
Prcleiit ot three Crowns. Thence we palled two Leagues
and a Jialf further through the Village of Amminoygii, and
three Leagues and a hall further, through that of £'jmi'
Ira, and lo to the fmall City ut Niriud, or NiriauJ, nine
1 cagues from Brodrn.

13. 0<.'/*i,Tthe \n\\, after we had travelled 5 Leagues,
and palled in our Way by Canis, Balova, and /<?/««-
pour, got late to yjimiju ; but we were met in a Garden
witl'.in iialf a Le.igue from diat City by Mr. Benjamin Ro-
krts, the chiel Merchant of the Padtory there, who car-
lieii me in lib Cuaih drawn, after the Indinn Pafliion, by
two white Oxen, which were as full of Mettle as tiie belt
ilirfcs, into the City, ordering the two En^lijh Mcr-
ch.ini . t!,.it were my I'eliow-trav^llers to wait there for the
coiiih.g v;p of the Caravan. 'I'he En^UJh Padtory is a very
l.iM Structure, in the very f-leart ot the City, fitted witK
very onveni-nt Aparnr.ents, and lI veral Courts tor the Dif-
1 oial f Mercham .ze. Mr. Rcbtrts gave me a Ccliation
ir .IS own Chamber, which looked into a P'lower- Garden,
anu was very riclily furnilhed. We flipped in a Ipaciouj
Hall, where the DiiUh heail Factor, with I'ome of his Mer-
cliantr., came to pay ui a Vific.

Alier he was goie, I was conduvited by the whole Com-
pai.y into my Lodging- room, which I had chofcn mylelf.
Mr. Rihirli kept me Company there till Midnight, and
" give r:: all imaginable Diverfion, lent for fix Women
L'ai.i..rs of the Country, telling me, if I liked any thing
in them befides their .Singing and Aftivity, 1 might com-
mand it •, which Civility I refufed with a Complement.
Ihcy were mightily taken with my Cloaths, and Hair,
anu would fcarce be perfuaded that I was not a Woman
in Difguilc. Two Days after my noble Ploil carried me
in his Coach to view the City. T'he Market-place is called
Ahydan-Jhah, or the Royal-market; it is at lealt 1600
Pect long, and above iSoo broad, planted all round with
Palm and Date-trees, intermixed with Orange and Citron-
trees, of which there is great Plenty in the Streets, the
Sight, Smell, and Shadow whereof are very delirablc and
plcalant. 'Plieic are belides thcle four Bafars, or publick
Places for the Sale of Merchandizes. Not far from the
M'-jdan we lliw a HoulL* built of Brick, which is the
King's Palace, the Apartments whereof were fumptuoudy
fur;;lhed and adorned with many Pictures, more remark-
able for, their Diverfity of Colours, than any ExaiSnefs of
Proportion, according to the Indian Way. Over the
Gate of this Palace was a large Balcony for the Mufick,
conlilling of \ lolins. Hautboys, and Bagpipes, to play
there three times a Day, viz. in the Morning, at Noon,
ther W oikmen and Night, a Cultom oblerved in molt of the Mahamiiie-
li>iiie- dan Countries.

The Walls of the City were tolerably well built, with
twelve Gates, and many Powers; but the Ditch, which
is lO Fathom broad, was ruined and dry in Icveral Places.
Wc took alio a N'lew ol the Callie, which is very large, and
built altogether of Pi ex-llone. 'Phe chief Temple of the
y liuK AlhiviMients his Oliicers Banjans is one of the linell Struc'lures that ever I law, it

lieing but lately built, and (lands in the Centre of a valt
Court, lurrounded with a very high Wall of Free-llone,
about winch is I'iazzas, divided into Cells, in e.uh of
which ihinds a Statue, cither white or black, reprefenting
a naked \\ oman Ihtir.g with her Lxgs under her, accord-
ing to tlie Pullern Falhiou. Some of thele Cells have
three Statues, viz. a great one betwixt two little ones. As
loon as you enter the I'emple, you fee two Dephants of
black Marble, done to the Life, ar.d upon one of them
the iLlligies of the Pounder, a rich Bajijan Merchant,
whole Name i^, Saaidns.

I'he Pemple 1. v.uilted, and the Walls adorned with
p'igures of Mm and othtr living Creatures. 'There was
not^ the leall Phing to be leen within this Edifice, except
three Chapels, whieh wcie very dark, and were divided
only by wooden K.iils, wheiein were phiced Statues ot
Marble, like thole in the Cells, the middlemolt having a
i; G 1-ainp

I n

II ,

1,:!.' 1,1, t

% ^ i %:

%■.

! I

ii''

M' : r .4i

'■i^:

'■ ■ I

7^8 T/v RiM\uKs, isc. q/ JoIhi .AiociL do MaiulcKloc liooH^

tlic VilLigc /rr*^*-!, a I.rj,:iu- .mil an li^ll Irom tlic Citv
■|lic whole Sinu-dirr n ot M.irl.l.-, I.r,n^ liill.nn.Hl hv In
liumircil .ind li.rty I'lllar? thirty Foot hi(;h, witli m wLr
arc f« l)f liin tlic I'omlH olthrcr Kini;stli,it wrrc Iniricd
ihrrr : At tlif Kiurancp ol it it a |.ir|i;c C ilUrn full ot \Vj.

LamphanRitii; Ixtorr if. NNV l.»w ilir I'n't^ I'l'l'v m r*"-
ifiviiij; tmiii (ill h a« wi re |)Prti>rniin(', thi ir Drvotioiv, amt
whoi'r "f. ;l hiin with Mowns Oil. Whrat .mil Salt \
with i 'irtl lif ai'ornrii ihr lma>2i., \m Mouth an.i
Noll.- Ki '_; lovrrol with a I'icrc ot Calluoi*. l.ir tr.ir «■!
pr(.i<hafiinij; ihr \f\llrry bv ili'- Impurity vi hsBnMili,
thf Oil wa" mtifiildl tor tin Lmi|'5j and thr W'ht.it and
the Salt fm the- S.irrilur. I \r imittrrnl out certain Prayin
1 vrr liic l4:"|\ and rvcr and anon put his I land* in the
Si. 'ak ot ''r Hinir, out f'l 4:i Opinion tl^'v li.ivr th.if
1 in haviii", a girarr I'ow.-r (>; purilyin^ than NVatei,
tl.ry may, ntt.r tlin Ckainipg, without OlVinir, lift up
ihrir I laiUKti) Go<l.

J"itt,l t>.i\ V.\r tapifaltityot tlu- I'rovimrol C«/rirr<j/,
i< liatrii ii|.on a I'nall Kivrr, vjiiih, rot tar troni tlicmi-,
j<)in< us Ciiirtnt with thr Uivtr luau- at ly u'. rii;lK<rn
I.cac,ut-% tn,m Cwu.nii, and I rty livr lioin Surii. \t
compr lirndu ii. its Ciia:it im hid. up fhc S«burl-») nr.ir Tr-
vcn IxaRuis. Its Struts arc vny Ipatious, ir< private
Buildini^s .iiid Moli|Uii v.Ty nolil,-, dpaially the I'ovrr-
nor's lioulc. The Mopui kcrp* (onllintly a Rw.d (;ar-
ri(o-i hrr- tn bn '!•• the H.i.iwr!, a lint <il People Ivmg
rot ^'y^T f.^tniy live 1 ra.i'Ks dilUnt thdifc, who niakr
frctiuent Inruifions into the Coiiiiti\ . It may l>c i^'.i'.y
laid, th.it fh;re n fearer any Nation in the World, or a;.y
L"onirr.o%!ity :n .y/j I iit ni.iv l^' Ittn in this City, win re
th'.Te i^ illi.) a v.itt Manufa^'re of b;lk and Cdl.^o(^, ai
alio of .^ ' ' ..nd s.vcr Hrora Vi, Init they are lliglit and
rear, whirh iMhe R'ai. -i 'he Inhabitants eonli;nie niollly
rima S,!'<', w! K ii ar'- b<j;li tin' r and cheaper. At the
Tinir ot" my b- ir.; here they li.id invrnt. il a new kind ot
Si'ift' ot S:lk a..t(.ott>in with gold Mowers, wlnch w.ts
Il.'J at live Cfownj yyr I II. They all<> U<~».l much here
in .Satti .< and ^.tvcf, raliViK's CarjKts, .SuL^.ir candied,
or in Fowiicr, Cuniiiin, Hon-y, 1 .k '^uc, Opium, Bo-
rax, dinp'., Myrol^d.tr.s or Juiitan T'lumiM dneit ai.d pic-
fttvcd, l'riier\ \ ot all S(ris, .Salt IVir-, Sal Armoniac,
and Ir.dito. Th<y alio Icll Piaiiioniis lure, whi. h are
brout^hf ihitlicr trom lt/i.:pour, and An Ixrgrrea- anj
Mufk, which they havetrom I'X"' ^<'»f'». A/»yii».'vf«e and
Cah-l'fr.If, and is fold here for flight Crowns /rr Ounce.

Some wc.ild have ti.e Amltei^reefe to be the Seed o(
the NVha'c congcjled. but without il.r hall Probability j
ctlicrs wciuld make it the l-'riniuik ol ceitain nan;ral
Mines like the Niphte, but ^'uh .is li;;le Likthlio").! of
TiLth, It Ivciii); i-rr.iin it i< luund no wlierc but by the
Sea Side, and grows like our Mulliroomi in t.'ir Biittom ct
the .Sea, v\ii:M.. ii 1^ (.,ine!i a'iu tall artiorc. Ptier I an
Breuk ilY^.rr'i u% that, in liu lin^r, thtre wa* touiul a
Piece of An heryede at (\ih-f rrJf, r.'ar tb.e Minith ol
the Uiver Gum.'-i, whn h wtipluil eip;hiy Poundf, ol which
he bought a Ti'"' :. 'I'!- Mn.'k u, ;iy the joint Oj mion
of all Niiuraiils, ihe Prvtiud ol a certain Protuberance
or Sweiiii J', iifirp ab<n't the Navd ot a certain Animal,
which ( rnc n ike only of iKe Bipiuls ot a Fox, •■«hcri
like a Ko>--Bu(k. Son'.r ca!l tins Creature a Ga^ci. Hut the
preat'tt Conveniency ot Talfii k at ^ima,labat is, that liic
lianj.ini i.avr a j{ereral Corrtljxjndence in all Parts ot yl/ia,
even to Cin/ljn!iii:flf itl'eil, which makes Trading by
^^'ay ol bxrh-iipc, N^t'i very <a)y and very advantaj^rons.
Add tt) tliis the Itjt'ii J t.(jn fioni all Culloms ot Mer-
chandizes exported or imjvirted, tlie Kirp/s Receiver hav-
ing no mori.- than I dinn |)f ntc oy \\'ay ol Piefent lor
every Wajq^on, and the l,i!)erty Hlk>we\i to all Strangcis
to deal 1.1 what Comnoditrs thry pirate, except that ot
the 1 xjxirtation of I >ea'i and Salil'etre, wkIioui the (io-
veri.or sl.innc'-, r forbidden, which, however, is obtained
hy a (mall Prrlert.

Til' City ol .imncUlai having under it- Jurildiftion
twcnty-tWe large J'owns a'r-l a^yS VdK4',rj, its yearly Re-
venue aioountj to alv^ve fix Millions of Lriwns, which
the Gove: nor difjvjfrs of in maintaining a ctriaiii Nuiulvr
ot .SoiUiis lor th'-- Kir.f.','' S-fViCc, and tor clearing the
Hifd.ways, w.m h arc very unlafc hereabouts. The C ou
Tcvai, or !..s Dej uty, eonimai.'ls undir liiiii, and has the
Afimiiiilhation, as well of the (juvernmtnt as ot the Courts
ol Juft;..e, in Coniunction widi the Kadi, or Jud|^c of the
Piacc. .Xn'.on^divcr-s noted Se pule hies wlndiaie near the
City, lithatot a certain KaJi, built by a Kiii{>ol Liuzkrai,in

ter, the Wall about it having Icveral Windows m, ,|i
Sides \ and aliout a I rague thence there is a fair l.jr.tin
and Houfe, the Work ot the Mogul, budt in .VKniorvof
a Vi(.'>ory obtained by him over the l.ul Kingol („,zlr,i
Alxiut a League i\\i\ a half on the ot'i. r Side the C y, i,j
were Ihewtd aiiwtlier S. pukhre, rrnivd in Mmiory of «
certain Moor, a rich Merchant, namid lliij.m \'5i,„.
wiio, lieing in love with his own Paunhtrr, a.iil havn,. h»
trail luleet Means obtained the K.idiNCoiirrni, wouKI have
mairied lui Dauyhfer v but fhe rrliiling to comply, In ra-
viihrd her, l^r which he had his 1 1. :i I mt otfi whence it
is calliil to tins Day litlli Chuit, i.e. the Daughter'*
Shame dilcovrred.

.\ htile Way without the City of .lma,Ulmi, you may
c'iKover fhe vail Mountains ol .Ujr-.'.;, (xtenJir.i', j Sove
li vciity lxai;ues towards -/(;r,/. .md .tbove an luin.red tD-
•.vardsO;/Y««, where the Kaiah Huna h.id liisKeruiime in the
Catlle ot (jurihilto aim i g the iiLKeethbl'' K..i.Ls ; lo thjt
the loiiitl orceicdthe Mo,ul and the King ot y',;r/./>;, were
I. arte able to ndine it. i he I\2g,i>i Imiuns letain ihil a
gicat Veneration toi that I 'i nice, who, as they lay, w.is ahjc
to br.ng i."i,('L/oHoileint()thelii Id. Intlu Mnmtauile-
twutt .imuiUiui and inifft livi s tin h anot!ifr Piece, wiu>
by r^aleii ot the Inatcill.ibL iiels of the Woot.i v..\ IJc-
l.iit-, inaiiitains Ins SoVeit i[',iity .i;-,amll tI.e Mogul , jr.d the
Kaiah Inder, tlio' he is Ins V;»llil, yet otter.iinus relulci
to extiiiic Ins C'on'm.mds. Among many nobi • GarJms
which are alxxit this C iiy, that i.f Siuii-o.ij^, or the Kii.k;'!
bardens in the Subuibs, called Hj^anifeur, c!aini>tl;c Pre-
cedency, being cm loll d with a i.oble Wall, w.thin whi^h
Hands a moll licautitui Summei hoi.lc richly lurnilliei!.

1 p.illed them e over a very line Stonc-bridi'.e, ton,' liu.n-
dredi'accs in L.tngth, into anothi r (>arden called i\'ta:na-
hag, I.e. the Jewel, whxh, they lay, is the Wmkola
iH-autilul rich lauiy. 1 he I louli , as well .is the Cf.inki;, is
not 1.) rental kable ter their BijV'' is, .is the moll a .'niiral'c
Pic>l|ic^t It lias troni ilie DjKciuon which it lies inioalir.i
champaign Country. It has .i \ery large I iili-[-ii!iJ,
wh.ch, during the Winter-Kalon, is rupplitd wui \Va-
•er by the Kains -, I ut, in tlK Sunn er, it is lijal .,.t
ol certain deep Wells, the Water ot which is dra*.! iiji
by Pnj;incs turned by Oxen. Yc-ii <an Icai-ce evcrcomi
into this ('arden but y.u will lii.d I irnc iridic; l;at'.irif!;

themi Ives thcit : TIkv w.

not allow t':- InJiax :>

i'.x diem, but gave us liv- laberty to come in and talk
with them. 'I he ^v■h.)leCou:ltry round ^imiuL.hai, and the
City itiell, is !;> lull ot daiiitns and I'r'es that, at a Hi-
llance, it rci'eiii' .cs a great I oiell. 'I here is among oi'.er
remarkablcThiiijis here, a Walk | Iinted with .i double Row
ot Cocai-trres on each Side, wlmli n.iehesto a X'lll.i',.'
fix Leagues lioir. the City ; b'lt that whicli re.ichcs l.'oni
.Irra lo liaramrcur is an huiidted and l.tiy I.ea[;iif5n
Lxnj^th, and lurpaliirs this b< yoiid all Com[).iriloii.

1 hele vail N\imt)ers of 1 rees arc the Keceiitacks of
Multitudes ol AjK-.,, lon;e ot which are as hi;; as (ire)-
hcnind.s, yet wi.J rarely .\llauit .my Ixi ly unl Is provokoJ.
They aie I'encTally c4 a brown Colour, inchnii.ptoa ijreen,
having white lonu Beards and byi brows. Thry nnilt.plv
lieycjnd what can Ix* im.i:'jned i Ixtaule the/);m;.;«;, wi,',' ir-
morr numerous than thr,A/flyo»H«»/'«/d«j,lx;lKviii(: the I'laiif-
migration ol the .Soul, .md lirtking upon thele C rraniris js
having the grratell Rrlt-mblance in all Kel'p'-cts to Man-
kind, are lo tar Irom killing diem that they iheriih thrni.
Hence it IS that you (liall lee the Ap-s c(>nic i;i ^r ir
Numhtrs into Peopf '. Houles ; tor .it ( ne tune 1 rcinrm-
ber, 1 lounwd no Ms than litty in the l-'.nti^lifh l-oJi;.', a'ld
1 uled to irive loine Almonds and Hai'-s to two or thrf; et
them, which inaih thr in duly ati-nd every .Mirnini^ nf ivy
Cluiiibt r-dcX)r, in Ivxih\ ution of ilieir Bri.aktall, w •Ci-
they woiiKI rake out cd my Hand -, (om-tiines I i.1'-m lo
catch hold ol one, whicli i\ui.\i: the rtll hiarle till Had k".
go tiieir Companion.

I he To-es mIio hirlxHir .ibundarire of WilJ-Fow!, and
an incredible Numbci ot Parrots ol ail Kinds, the bii^iJ'"

Chap II. through Jrccral Countncs of the 1 N i) I K S.

,,1 wli'ih .in: i-allfd iHiion Crows, Uiiic all wlntp, or of a
Ci<-4'ii-i:.)loiir, with a I'lil: ol I'lmli'.'is ,,t a tornaiKm-
colour on ilic llciil : i'licy arc lo loiiiiiiun all over tiic
/»,//ri tlwt tliiy Ixiilil tlifir Nells uiulrr the J:aV( s o» tlic
I loiil'.s a> mir Jjwallows tlo : Hut the lellir luit ol I'arrotH
lur.lil lluir Nclh in the VV(hjiIs on the l.xticiiaty ot x\w
■|ou-l>ii«iitli«:s <)* tlu' Ircfs 1 and tln.uj,';, tlay ilo nuicli
Miiiliiil io the Fruit* and kire, \.\w lUinj.m look upon it
as a Clinic to hinder tlicni lioiii eatmi; it. I |,cy ,|o the
lil^r as to the VVild-Ducks, 1 leroin, and C'orinor.»nts, of
■.vhi' h there arc alHindance in this Rivcr. I j.ivinjr had ()c-
lalioii t'l Ipcak ol them LhIoit, [ will oi.ly add in tliu
I'l.itc, that thry I'wallnw MulUls till they ojjtn throut;h
the I Icat ot the Sioniadi, and rail the in out a^iain to cat
till' l-ilh, '1 his L'ountiy likiwile ahoimJ* m all kind* of
WiUI-l'owl and Vemloii, but Fallow-lJcer, Roc-Brnkn,
Wild-AlUs, WikI Hoars and Hans arc in vail I'ltiity
lure. Ami .11 they arc I'uiruiently lloi(d with tame
Creatures, luili as HulValoes, Oxtn, Cow,, and Sheep j
and liie Uivcr ruiinllies then) with | ifli m aliiinilancc. I
luirce know any I'lace in the W 01 kl wh.ic a Man may in-
dultie himlelt with more Fate th.iu heie.

1 he only Thing they want is Wme, inllcad of whith
tlity t'.eiurally make ulc ot tlic Liquor ot the C(Koa-tr(c \
and ttieir Water is moll txceilniti Ik fides that, out ot
Kue, binjar, and Uatis, tiicy ii„ike a kind ot Aqtta ht^,
wim It exceeds that made in iMrope. hut as they aic iulii-
uciitly lurnilhed with iKiielieial Creatures lo tlit.y have
tliar iiluie ol ethers that aic as niikhicv'ous. C'roeo<iiles
are touiid lure in al;uiidaiue, whitii ottdi \wx\m/x Men m
tlie Kiver, where tluy lie lurl.inj^ amonj; the lii;.^h Grals.
1 .1111 jioliiivc, tliai ilm; • 111 tlie Diteiii ■. ot i'l^u were of
alxjvc thirty loot loh^; , they ili.l fo much Milehiel, that
Ic.irce a Ujy |Mir d I'Ul luiiic or other wne k.iled l.ythtiiu
LotwiihlUiuliin} whu Ii, the Baiijam, who b

759

cd in |nil,i„ k, wlun he was rarrial in n rich Chair of State
iipon a'l Hepliaiit, l.ein« attended liy a liuard ',f two
hundred Men, witlM.iany Pt,;/!',, l.td-Ilorl^s ami Stan-

lit
ne

ami Banners In tore him
14. Oaain the iHth I went with an F.r^x^J Mtrelia
to pay a \ lilt to the Khan, wli(,m w- found in a It
looking into a tiarden. llavinH und.iJlood (r.,m the
Merchant that Curiolity only h.id led me into that Coun-
try, he atked my Ape, and I havin,'? told him, that I was
twenty.four Years old, three ol which I h.id already Inent
m travelling, he wondered at my ^-oing Akroad (o
youHK, « well as at my Habit, which I llill wore after
the l„rmaH i'alliion. Alter an Hour's Uilbiurle, I was
entertained with a very noble Dinner, fcrved up alter the
Jer/k» Way, and at parting, he was pkafed to tell me in
the -Jurkijh Language, which I lud trld him 1 i.Tdcrllood
pretty wctl, Hcnni date kHnr.i, i.e. lye Jhall fre you ...-in
ifcing entoiiraged by this obliging Invitation, we wen: the
aotii a lecond Time, when having chanj^cd my Cloaths
to the Mode ot the Country, I found him very well pleaf-
eil with it. We ll)iind him in the lame Flace, biilV in
chliutching fome Orders, and taking a View ol ccrt.nn
Comp,iniPsol Horlr and FcKit, which maile us rake our
Leavi ot Inm •, but he would needs make us Hay to iJin-
ner wiih him.

His Pircourfc ran much upon Shah Srfi, roncerninp
wiium he alkrd me Ii veial Quellions, and ci|.-eiaily whe'
ther he Hill continual his Cruelties ? Uiuo v.hich 1 h.ivmg
aniwcred, that his Age iiad moderatetl nvicliol liisyouth-
lul extravagant 'I'emper, he replied, thit lyraiiM.y and
Cruelty was an Inlui If "ICC, derived Iroin his Cliandlathcr
/Ibas, and diat was th> ,iily Keafon why Ian i> ijic Khan
ot Candabar had put himi; It under the M.^s^iiI't Fror^dtion,
lie thin was tor ex.ig.';eiat/iin! the pnxlioious W'caidi of
,. , - , eve th.it the Mogul, in companion w nil 1 hat ol Z'',, •//•..•, alkiu" mv

Inch as are devouied by thnn gi, Uraitw.iy to Faiadile, Sentiments upon that Score. Unto whuh 1 rcnli-d "that
will not dcllroy ihem. 1 he \w^ ll;lVlll^oldered one in it mult be contelled, that the We.ilth I hil teen in the
paificiilar, whiih did moie Milchiet than ail the relt, to Great Mogul's Country, was without Comarilbn mu-li
oc killed, they lound a \\ on.an with all iicr Cloaths in his greater than what rould be expeded in /'.• /7j'i but th it on

Belly, ii.ey lay alxait thiity F.ggs which diey cover in
the Sand, where l)eing hatched, tluy kill moll ol their
young on ■, without which tlicy would multiply inti-
mtcly.

'Jd'iilon tells us, that near Panama, in the ll^fji- Indies,
arc *. rociKiiies ol an huiulrul loot 11 l.ingth j but 1 will
inpeniouily conlels, I law none tl ,i were ahi>vc twelve or
fittcen J-oi.t long •, the Scales on their Back being Miil-
ket-Froot, they iiuilt be wounded ;;. the iiclly. I'his
Couiiiiy pickluccs alio abundance ot Serpents and Siiakcs,
ani', aiDuiig the rell, tome with two 1 ie.ids, as they tuld
nif, tiunigh, 1 nuill cuntels, I never l.iw any of them,
Which has iiuUicid me to U li'.ve that this Lnor has been
uurodiiced by luch as have lecn Serpents, that, contrary
to the Nature ot Reptiles, were as big towards the 'Fad
.IS towiu-db the J bail. '1 he Woods are hkewiic full of
Lions, F^opards, 1 igers, and F.kphants ; but the moll
tioublclomc Creatures all over the JnJus, arc a certain
kind ot Bats, as big as our Oows, luy, Ibme of our

the other hand, it mud be acknowledged, that Ptrjit had
one thing whith was to be valued ahcjv.' all the Riches of
the World, wz. that great Number ol br.wt K.^r!i>acbs,
with whole Airillance he might be able to Conquer all JJla,
Knowing the Kiian to l)c a Kifilbmb by Uel'cent, out of
the Frovince ot 6i.birva>i, I laid this on Purpofe to pleale
his Fancy, which took lb well with him, that he not only
agreed to what I laid, but alio told lome of iiis OiKcers
that ftooil hard by him, 1 believe this young Gentleman
is brave, bccaufe he fpe-aks lo advantageoully of thole that
arc fo.

After Dinner we took our Leave of the Khan, who
would have Ihid us, and given us the Fntertainment of
the Womui Dancers ; hut he lH;ing callcil alide about ear-
nell Bufinefs, and wc not very cag,er to lir mure of what
we hi'd feen lo often before, we returned his OiRts with
a Complement. I'or the rell, the Ciovemor was a Perlbn
of extraordinary Judgment, but very rigorous in Ids Go-
vernment. One Day, having invited the two chicl Direc-

Hens, which obhge the Country- People to keep conllant torsol the £»jf//}!5 and i);(/<-.tFadories to Dinner, and dcfirous

Watch ill their Gardens.

1 he City of /Imadaliat is obliged to maintain out of its
Revenues 1 200 Horfe, and titty lllephanis, under the Com-
mand of their Sultan, w.*>o ha.s the CJi'.ility ol Rajah, or
al'rince annexed to his Dignity. .Ircb-Khun, a Perfon of
fixty Years of Age, was Governor ol this City at that
Time, and, as I was credibly mlbrmed, had amalled a

to give them the Diverfion of the Wamcii Dancers, they
came accordingly, who, according to the Cadence of tiij
Hautboys and Timbrels, danced with great. Adivity
through 1-loops, with great variety of PolUiren -, which
done, he lent lor another Band, but thefc beinrr employed
ellewhcre in the City, lent an Lxcufe, that b.nui; fu k they
could not coine ; but the Khan not thus coiitciucd. f n'; a

ircalurc eijual 'n Value to fitty Millions of Crowns. Not fccond time, ordering his Servants to brin^r them along

long before my Arrival his Daughter was married to the
Mogul's lecond Son, when her Father, at her Departure,
fent her with an F.qi:ip.»ge ol twenty liephants, and one
thoul'and liorle to eeurt, Kfuies lix tlioul'and Waggons
Wen with Riches. 1 lis Attendants conlilled ol live hun
tired Ftrloiu, tour hundred ol winch were his Slaves :
Tlie Ijtpencc ol his Hoiite keeping .uuountcd to live hur-
crcd Crowns a Month, not includinti; his St.ii)ies, where
lie maintained conllantly live li.nulied lloiles and tilty
Klcph;!'its tor his own Ule. The ch;efof his Auendaiits
Were gentraliy luniptuoully tlad, tiiough himlelf fel-
iJoin \sorc any tiling Lut Caik^oe, exempt when he ajipear-

with him, who returning without them, upon the fame
Pretence, he ordered them to be cudgel;, t! immediately.
'Fhde poor Wretches hndin;; themtelves en llch Dancer,
call themtelves at the K,han"s Feet, aikiiowleJj^iic, th.ic
it was not any Sicknils, but the Flojiesdl Lucre, that had
made thcfe Women lehifc to obey his Commands, at
which he laughed ; but inll.ruly Knt ibine of Ids
Guar.ls to letch iliein, who no looner had brought them
into the Room, but he ordered their Flead.s to Ije cut off
immediately, which was e\icuted in .m Inllaru. The Go-
vernor perceiving that the Stiangeis wen; Ibrtltd at his
Severity, fell a lau^iiiiu*, and told tliem, tl'.at if he did

■Hf

V ' i

i^A

]r,

III ^

V-

760 '?/'(' Rl MAUK.s, ^i\ f)j JdIuI Ali)cll ilc MaiKitlliuc liiH,^ |.

not by ftfJi r.xanirlr* Mtiirtiin hi« Autlioruy, lie IhoukI I lutlMmN .if elirir IV.illt», v. ihr nnly Way to make ifrtj,
not Iv l( ORdrvrfiKit 1)1 lmtiii,i/>al. i.irrliilot ili.tr l.iv<s» y<i\^4Mi.) I'tmilhnirnt iiii!,ar.ti,,,,^

15 C'ietfr tUe .'iH I l< ?« .imaiiithai, in flif Coni|>any lii< It »•> ilul noc ilunk lit to (nmjly *iili tlin rinomn j,,,.

of a yiung /■,><j;/''^ M.fihjin, ami ti.iv. Ilnl ili^t P.iy ti) "" > - -■ - . ■ .

the (Janltn ot i'.l'irhj^. 'Ihr )itl >^<• nude Uvm
I.rar.u'* to ilif Nilljiv "» Siitfuiiir,t\ 4ml the 2 |«l live
Lr^^'tif^ fuifhfr to t.(»..'/-./, vvhrrr 1 wa* vfry w< II ac-
conimniLifnl 4t tlu llotil' <•! a utiain MotiimmtJ, 1, the
Engh/^ I Ifi.l I utor l<« ii>|', Irotn humr 'Ihr l ity ol i^m-
itru liM rixiirn I(ai;iu^ trmn Rrtiijdu, u|Hjn Uiuly
Grnimd^ near tlir Kivcr. vkl.nh ni.ikr> tturr a vrty ^t<\t
Bay, into wliiili tt.r Kivrr .\/rt» <li(clui('f!i itlcll. Ilir
Haven \s none ot thi l-rll , tor though at lii|',h Water tlwn-
hr l(vrn J atlioni iVpth, yi 1 at low I ulc the Shiji a:r al-
iroU Iwalloweil uji in Saiul ami Mml. It ha» a Wall nf
VreelKinr, with twelve (iatc\ lar^e I limlcs lU.iil iiiil
very bm.ul Sirtrts ami r ten Lea^;iic» in CompaN 'I he
Inhabitai t^ arc /'.'?<?•;, Hinjam, ami Hitjbpttii, the lalt
of whiini aj'piv ihdtilflvrN to the Ixenilc oJ Arnn, :\s the
fiamnm j'o in CiMiinvrrr. i hiir ihirl I raiic 11 at ./i/.«,
/)(«', GVd, A/f. ..», ami into /'/r/f,i.

'laking a Walk cut nt tht Cily, I law tlere, ani( ni;
ft vera! c ther very lurioiK It.iri'ens t)nr, th.ii lor lt»blt^a'
tion ami I'n'lJKCt to the Sea, ami into the lairrrt tluni-

IU!i:n Coil! try ih.it uiiM \v to the I -iml liiip, (lefervc* the
*re<ei!(my ot any ih.it c vir I l.iw before. It w.is Currouinldl
by a very high Wall, wh^h h.iil within its C'onipaN two
viry I'l'K .Sinifnirr,. .ir.d in the niulll of the darilrn w.i^
a .SejHjKhre of a Moi\mmf.sa>i, who w.is the I'onnil'rnI ;r.
Whilll 1 wascontirii|latin(5 ihf loir!', lome l-.n^hjh Mrr-
chants came in to rr|rovi- ne tor thi- AlVidni I ha.i | iit
iif<jn thrrr, .is they intir|iriirii it, of ireferrii r a A/«/!<i»i-
mtJjn Houk- iH-toic th(.rs to l'Hl(',e in -, ami a^ a Rfpa'a-
t;«'it, afkf<! nil- to ;',o ali>r;; w.ih ihrm the next Nl'in-
inp to a I'latr wiirrr an irJuin Widow was to Innn Ik r-
fcll' , hrr 1 lud anil, wii'» w.r, a Rafl^lai, having I tin
killdl two fiiimirtil l.eaj'irs Iroiii thence.

We Went aicorilintrly fo the I'l.ifi* of thi» voliintai'V
I'xrciitiori near the Uivirliilt, where wr law the Wo-
tnai), who w.i^ liarie iwei.ty Year* ol .ARr, rominif
up with (b chcarhil C'ountrn.iiicp as is lunc to l>( una-
pii'.eii. It IS to be oblcrvtd, that the liovernur, who
wa^ a hUhammedan, aiul (i>i.l'>|iirntiy wi.iilj willingly
abohlli thu baihiroiis Ctil'o:ii ol the I'.iiani, bail for a
long 'r;me oj-jioretl htr Rtfolution, iiniirr a Pretence
that hrr Hunatu!*' iXath nvj^lit Ik- linrni.iin at lo pn-.it a
Dili.inte, III h<'i>e tli.it 1 iir.e mij^lit have ihai.^ed hrr Ke-
lo!utitn i I lit timlinp h r immovcab';-, he ^-avc at la(l his
tonlitnt. In the In.nt ol t! r PriMllion marchul the
Mii.'ick, conlillinf; < f I lalulx)y^ ami 1 imbirN j t.hele were
followed by a gr< .it NuihIkt ot Maids and Women danc-
irg and fingin^ N tore the W ulov/, who was drefTrd m her
bcli Apparel, ami had many KiniV' and Br.iielrts on nrr
liiigns Arms and 1 r(.'s : In the Krar canie a confiiltd
Miiititmic ol Mm, W. inn 11, and ChiKlnn. Sue had
walhed hertelf l.etore 111 tlie Kivcr, and loming near the
l-iincral I'lk, which w.is made ol th( W'ocxl of Apricuk-
irees mixrd >v.th lome .Sanders ami Cinamon, Hie ltop|<d
a httir, and lofjkmi; nv, r if with a ^teat deal ot Cairleh-
nels, took her lalt larewcl (.( her Kindred and Iruivi*.
I was very hear on Hoilrliaik, and Ibr |>erceiving prrha|H
by my Ct unterame that 1 had C ompallioii of her, (hr (alt
mc one ot her Bracelets, which I keep to this Day, diilri-
boting the relt .imony her Irirnd.. So lo<m as llic had
f laceii herlrh on the I'llr, and prrmvinR that they liad. Irt
Fire to it, flic pound a Veflcl lull of perfumed Uii over
her Head, wl.:ih the lire taking liold of, burnt her to
Alhes injfTifdiaiily, without Ihcwinf; the Irall Sl^n of Re-
Inaaiiiy, whilll all tlieic pieli ni Idled the Air with tJ.iir
Shotits and, Aedamaiions.

'1 his Culiom, It frems, w.is fird introdurcd into the
InJifj, to p'evri t the Itaii uly o! the Uoiiirn tre.incl f.y
]'"|)g.in.y, wiiith lud tins .'ilm.il l-.Hidt, ih.it thry ultd Irr-
qiiently to \vy.k,n ihrir I lull .u.ds, it h.ivin(^ hien loiind
by i.x|,trirnce, ih.-it in one Year theie ulird to tx- four Mm
bulled to one Woman i to prevent which, it wasthoin>ht
konvcnieni, tli.ii airrt.iin Law (hould f>c iiiri.KUned fr.r all
\\ om< n that wouid l>c a- tountcd hontll, toaii.omjiany their

p.liiion, cxiept 1h.1l lluy wtfc looked ii|H)n a» iiita„n.„,
«vt rafter.

This Ceremony l*inR «>ver, I piiil 4 Vifit to Ahrjai,,
one of the cliuf .\H<.immr,l,<n Meicluiits in that Ciiy, uiiiu
whom I dehverrd thr' I rtter o| Reioitiniriidannn Iru'ii, (he
Pirrctorof the hnjili/h M Jm.iJ,i/'.lt. As he i;iu)ril'<),J
that I .ann-ia(V, hi he lomplement-d mr \Mfh .i!i inugii,.,,^.
l-xprrllioiiN of Civility, endeaviiunni^ to perlii.idc me to
remain loi lome time at Cim^nu, and profKriiu; In .S«r.
vice in every thing that nunht tend to my .VuuU, ,ij„.
Wliillf I was leturmni', hi-, t. ivilitics, cati-i u;i tu u i!ic
Kin)'*» I i.iifi-n.int, or l")'puty(iovrin(.r, who, waha v-iy
rnnafing Air, rntre.ited me to nuke luni a \nit, wh.Ui 1
promiled to I'o. I wri,t hoiut, and had Icucc cat u'v
Dinner, wh> n the l<efi're-nientii>nrd Mcrilui.t liiitmetwu
Sheep, twelve (ap^ns and I'lilhts, Uliile* (■ivr Knit,
and a line Vrlli I ot J^'*'- ' '"" b.n k the Ikarer with .1
Imall I'rild't, tell, ng him, that I would irtuni my hurty
Thaiik-s t'> hiS Mal'tr tin next Day i f'ut I was Icuticg.jt
out of my ll.il, when lie came and told me, that the tea:
of panii.j; With iiu- sMihout takm^^ hu l.r.iv.-, h.ul mail-.-
hiin it'me lo earlv I il..iiiked him, aiul as a I'ledfv ot
the go<),l Will I bore l.im, prclintril him wiih a vrry fn-
Er^ilh 1'iH.ket I'lllol, whidi he .it liiH reluUd to.i.uif,
exiulini^ liimlrll, that it was not hanilomr t<iriieiv .1
I'rM.iif Irom a .Srranc.rr, woe it not il.it his Riliilal iiu, ii;
Iw milinier; retrd by int to Ins J)il.idv.iiita[;e ; U|K)n wli,,||
.Siorr he ( ould not fofbear to a' cept of wliat I had l,.i:i
plealed lo l>ellow ii|;<in him with lo muih Kiiulnels.

I ihoiic'it lit to iii.ike partiiiilar miiitinn iiitlnsPla t'
thel'- (.ivilitic. to tonviiue the WoiM tlut Harhari r,
whiih the lnd:Mi are lo olfi n firande i w;t!i ly lonie .A..
tliors, i> not lo iIt ply nwitrd amon^ tin in, but that r.'i,
iindetlhnd and jnaf tili' Civility as will ns lome ollitr N.i
fioij, whochallrngr the I'rrfcicnie u[X)n fliat .Auoiii t tit-
fore all others but tall Ihort iii that Siiurnty vsliuh hi;.;.
tuial to the In.l fl-in , who are as rc'ikI brin ds to tlui; id
whom they have ) ronnleil liicir Irunllhip, .is ilicy arc
irreiom liable to tluir lairmies. I ciuled a Box ol lirtlc
to lie pielmti.i to the Mtrchant, a Diug as ((/iiiniunly
ul'ed in the In.ius, as .SnulF is in Euro^f, i>t which he hav-
int; taken a littK-, took his I, rave. .Simjii atii, as I \v.;i
(•oiii|^ to i.ill at thr Deiiity<»ovcriicr's I loule, I met li.ai
in the Street in his toaih, ami he no hxinrr elpiid n.',
but hr olili^ed n.r to j;o iMck wiih him to h:s I luult', hui t
in one ol the moll j le.ilart I'arts of the City , he treated n.i'
with lome lleetle, and lome I'alm Wine, ami I- nt ui t H
his Servants to ^svc Orders at tin- dates to let nic pali i.:,-
molelfrd, Without payiP|; any Lulloms.

I liaid not al'ovr hall an I lour, and imnicdi.ltcly [ro-
cerdeil on my Journev -, but l)tiny pritty late Iv lore 1 ton il
nai h S<rj;!inirii, the l!,i<ijati:, who bum no l.ij'hts tor lur
of hurting the Flies, or other Iiiledts, would i.lc open t:x
Shops til lell lis I-orape ft.r our IJeafts lieim; a certain I'aiv
ot Si:i;ar. Mtal, and loinr- IJulter, which is ulcil here lui
want ot Oats jt{i<\ I lay •, buf at Lill were prevailed on 1 1
li-t ir have l.imc, iKtaulr wc threatened tobnako]yn th.-ir
Shops. Wi traveilci; five I .'apurs the next Day bsl ■
Noon to a [;r(..t Villu^e, where liaviiif; baited our Heal' ,
we connnucit our Journey to the darden ol 7!<i:rtiij^.

This darum, which we fiad otcafion to niciilion beli,:c
IS looked upon a.s one of the moll loiiliderable ot ail ih^
Kmpire, not only m rel|)<it of its noble BiidduiR^ and tJ.:
vail (.^iiartiiy ol extellrnt Fiiiits but elpeci.illy lor tii;
Conqurll ot CuTUirnt, in Memory of which it was loundcd;
:uid thercr las <;ot the Name of 'tjibirbag, it the Gar
t!f n ol V iCtory 'I he Walks ot this darden .re plaiu-d
with Fiiiit-trre<, filth as t)rani'es Citrons, Pi)nit^;ran.uo,
Dates, Almond', and Mulberry trees ; Ufidcs many C.
thric that Ixar Mam'/H-s, Ctxtas, ami Tome th.it wen- u.i-
known I., us, | laving taken a (liuit View ol it whillt our
Hralls were baifin(^, wc lontinued our Journey, and tan.c
that Nif^hf to . im.hlabitt . We were not a little troutiird :n
the Way by A|» ., ol whom I flioi two with my I'llli^'.
wliivh fu iiicciil'.

the r.it, that about twenty o! ili: U'ji''

buc

n\r Mith .I'i iiiijgiii.iuc

•ulvanta;;?; iijon ^kL, li

r.h.ip.

fjroN^h

Uviral U)unt) us'of the I N 1; I K S.

701

Sill* |«irfu«il u» 4t)Oiit hilf J I.rjjvi<', an.! hy ilirir «hl.| himfrif nrvrr prfliiminir, to ukf any Crimiiul, tlvi' n. vcr
1 ,;,/m ftiv "» I" iin'l'"ffti"'l »'iJf <l>'y wrc rtady luilom (o \\\tx\ iin OlfVtul.i, ilimir, out ul ;\ Vnicnti.iii all th«
j„y MiMint, \\ thry (iurft approach ui. MxlmmmfJ.m hav* lor ihcir Saiiiti. In ilv City ol W'r«

V, At .Imaltku I mrt with a Caravan of f(f^//yi ami an alH)Vf (i(j;lit humlrnl piihlick lUtln, v.hi'li piy .i ton^ '
/!j»;,wMT>hantNlioiuuttnr./fr/i, anillHin({rri.iinm'-mlril fi !<rali|p Simi yearly to the Motf,iil v \\,k ;». h.r Imitation i«
, , tliim liy tlir Dirr^tor <>» th- l:nj^i:J1> I-Vtory nf .Im.uU- .m.- ot the main Inntfwii'nti ot th.- MtbanimrJa iMigion,
( ;., I fit out with tlirm ihr aHtli of Oihkr Wc met in lo iIkIc Baihi arc iluily tr<(iucntftl hy .i v\*\ Number uf
rivc Pay* Joiirnty with no more thin our VilU-.- worth iVoplc. The grrat Lorils of tlic L'jtirt, .»h« Uar thu.
r.rntiDiiinrt lalltil f'liiitgol, ami rainr the- frli May alter Title of Rajas or I'mucn, iuvc many ol la.m, vtry lum
(iir fcttiiiK out "f^ Amaihhat to the (mall Ciiy of llrribttlh, nMRuil'icrnt I loiif^'^lvith witliin aiul witlmiit t!ic City, wluro
lifiy I.iatpi'^ thencr \ it i^ without WaIN or (!.it'% whiih the Kimk alio has many dariltnt ami SunmR-r-houlis to
|,,vr krn ilrlWnynl by thf famoii* CoiKiuiror Tamoiinr, ntirc lo \iiion Oualiun, with the Women U.uiccrs, wlio
n Will a.i tlif ailjarfnt C.illlr, thr Kmiiu of which arc to be ilame bffoic lain (lark iuU( .1.

I.,n near a hi^^h N'otint.iin, 1 7. Hut his I'alace, Vhidi lliiuls upon iIk Rivtr V,e'

Bftwixt thin City and that of Dimti^es, which ii fifty mini, anil is four I.'mj;,h<s in CoinpalJi, Kiriuirs all that I
I ranifsfrui" '/'"^'"''» *'■'"'' **-'^f''*''*" "• '''"V''" Mci- rvit law of that kind litloic ur Cinic It is lurrouiuU-vl
(1.11115. who told 11^, thit th'7 had hccn lit upon hy two with a Wall of I'rcc ftonc, and a broad Uitch, havin(i[ a
hinili'd Kdf'pooti, who had forcril tin m to pay a hundred I)raw-liridi;c at lath (iaf- , thr datf at tlic \\i.{\ Side lead*
Kuift'' • "I'"" *'"' '' ^'" '"■''"■'■'■■'' ""'■ ^^•'IV'"'" ''' ''C '•»- '"I' '" ''''■ W'V'"' i' tailed Cijlei -, under tiib ( i itc is kfpt the
I'tiicii toucilier, and ililpnlid tiur ( iiun's in fmh a niannrr Court ui Judicaturr, and in an adioininj; Ipai loui I l.ill the
as wc thoiH'lit ii^ir.'" "'•''^'^' ''"^"' '""'^ '''^''"' •'''''■■• '"'''''■■■ I'nine Vi/ur, or l.'jril-Lhant' ilor, dilp.iti.lic. all Mat-
vm it lon^: bilcin' w- pot Si^ht of ("ilty ol tin- fame (iang tors relating to Civil AlV^irs, where theOii-i- ' U-.tuu'sire

kept. Immediately wijiiin tliij date you c'Jiiit' i ) a very
fpacious Strver, witn Shr)p'i on both Sues, leading i!i:efiiy
to tl\e Mn^^iii's i'alace, the Garr of which is railed //<!»-
kirki Pefwii^r, i, c. Kiii|i Jiiivi/tir\ Git-, throu^fli wliich
.I'.l tile ^rcat Lords of tlit Court, iX'-'pc tli: Kinp's Sons,
ail' oMiyed to [ro in on I'oot i this bein'j; the Q^iartcr
wlu re the daiitiii;^; and linginj.', Woinrn are I'.dgfd.

I'here is another <latc leading to th; Rivn, where the

I'lat wre I'enr without (^irllion r-i vk w us ; but findin^.^ us
Kjo well jj;uari!ed. It t us po unmolilh-d. We travelled htty
Iaii'ii's larther btfurr we (aine to tht Vill,i;;e if Sufdtck,
tt!i,i'li has a Oronj.', old Caille. As we weir tMVellinj^ in a
Hiiitoin ten RiiJhfouH lurpn/.ed fonn' of our W.ij'.jjons that
wiTi: got about lix luindreil Paces hclore the rcll, and
WWII I'd two R.inj.inj ; but two of r.ur (iuards bfinj; lent
to tla-ir Kcliet, the Robbeis were toned tu betaUt them-
fdv.s to then Heels, and to leave the Rioty brhinJ them.

Alter this Rcniountei we met with no f.irthrr DifalbT,
and arrlvid lately at ..'^ra, where I w.is reti ivcil with the

Mogul every Mornii.;; pays his Devoirs to the Sun at hi»
rilinp;. It is on that S.de that p/eat NUn pay their Rc-
fp'ds to the kint^ from a tertain l'aiin\ney, where tlio

The Com*

lime Civility by t lie £>s,'/;yl!> ail had In 111 in all other Places King can fake |i.irtieular Notice ot them
(liioagh which I had palled. The City of A^ra is, with- manders ot Horle alio Ibnil on th;.r .Side, btit at a p.reat
cir Coin''arilb.i, the no!>lelf ol all fnJcjf.in, and the ordi- Dilhnce, at a Place where the Mo^ul fees the Eng;^',-
niry Refidnice v<f the (ireat Moi.',ul. It is fe.tted in iS" ments every Day betwixt Lions, tiephants Bulls, (jc.
IS Side eif the I ,ine, in thd I'lovince of Indcftan^ upon cxi cpt JriJiiys, a Day dedicated to their UeVotions. 'I'l m

is alio another (iate, whith brin;r^s you into the Gu- -
Hall-, through this i lall is a Pallage ituo a paveil Courr,
at the larihcr I'.nU of which you lee a How ui Silver Pil-
lars under a Pi.izza, where is kept anotlicr ( aiard to prevent
the common I'eople from entering. I lere I ir.et with my

m thi , - -

IX River Ccniini, whuh joins its Waters with the Ganga,
ahove the Kii.t^dom ol Fenjiiil. It beini; twice ns big as
Jr.iL.in, a Man cm liarcc riilc round it on 1 lorleb.ick in
ii whole 1 )ay. Its I-'ortilications are of red Fr(C-llone, and
the Ditch is above thirty Fathom broad •, the Streets are

fiT and large, th. re being fome vaulted, which are a Mile I'fr/un Servant who had left me at Sur.11, he oftertd me

,n 1 ength, .ind are furnillud with Shojn ot all lorts of all the Service he was able to do me, and would lam have

Trailes each of which have their peculiar Streets ar.d qii.ir- biought mc within tlv fc I'lllars, hut that the Gu >rds .vinild

tcrs airigned tliem. It contains tifteen M.ydans and Ba- not permit it 1 this being the ready Way to the Mogul 9

fars the molt fp.uious ot which is betoie the CalUe •, in the Apartment, where is a Row ot Col len Pillars of a leller

mi<ill ot It iLuids a high Pole, where the Mogul himlelf Si/.e, and withm them the R' yal 1 lirone ot m.illy Gold,

lhi,ots fometimes at a WcHuien Parrot lallened to the Top enriched with 1 ):amonds. Pearls, and precious Stones j and

fcf It. I'.ighty Car ivaaleras are apj'ointed for the Recep-
tion of Porcgn Merchants .r d their Merchandi/es •, they
are provided with noble .Xpartments, and convenient
Shops, V.iuks, St,ibles, aiul other Conveniences.

As the Mogul and the cliieteft ol his Court Mt-Mokm-
tmliH', fo there are a v.\([ Number ot Molijucs throughout
llie City, ot wlikh tcventy are rem.irkable for their Big-

ncl's .md f ■ ' ' '' " """ " "

ll(,ly Days

above it a (J.1II ry, where the Mogul appears every Day at
a certain time to hear and determine the Complaints ol his
Subjeds : But this Trial is lo dangerous, th.r if you do
not prove the Matu r of lact by undeniable Evidence, you
run the H.v/ard of your Life.

N"ne but tile King's .Sons wlio f.sn him, and keep off
the 1 lies, are admitted within the Compat's ot thole Gol-

admitted into the

ix of th'm rnvointed h.r their Devotions on den I'illars ; neither is any other Perlon admitted itito the
• thel ■ hlf th'ev call Maijduladint. In one of innermoll I'arts of the Mogul's Lodgings except the Lu-

thcle they Ihew you the S puk hre of a certain Samt named

S(Mdcr, of the Polterity ot .7.V, and in another the Tomb

nufhs, who being one thoul'and two hundred in Number,
b wait on the Ladies of the Seraglio. There is another

oa-'ntrd bv a vdl Number ot Pilgrims, who brintj; thither very knowing and very ,.,.„,. , , .,

E 1 e nirV: n^s^ "^ wluch. aiul the ordinary Re^ who reigned in my Pime h.'^l J. Ir^'^'^'- -'"^^ amounted
vJnJe IxLgmg to is a^' n.iintained Inch a vail Numkr to one thoufand hve hundred Millions ot Crown. I had
nt Poor, th.it ill thofe Refp.ecis it is not interior to the Se-
pulchre of Sheik i^ffi at Jrd.iH.

Thele Mol.iU''.,'wit!i their aJiacent Courts are lo miiny
SanCluaiies butii in nimiual .;:u! civil Calcs the Motjul

from the lame Hands an exaCt Inventory commurieated to
mc of the Tre.ilure which was found at the Deith ot Shah
.IcholHjr his Grandfather, which 1 w.ll tauMully toaimuni-
cate 10 the Reader.

t ■ ! ll':

N W M B . y I .

'vi

t -liF %i

mil 111 ■'

762 T/jr Remarks, ^f. c/ John Albert dc MandL-lfloc Book I.

Jn Jrivfnlcrs cf the Trrafurc fif hchoWr (Srf Ak-
bar in tie Hilicrs cj the Mogul Einju-rors) at tl-
'Ttmt cfbii Dtii'iJ'i''

Crowns. Pence.
In cf rtiin T^rts rf ^!onpy roinrd >

by the IJKcial Dukr of tho Uull 148,-90,000

y/JvAir J

In anotlirr kinJ cf Money, calleti 1

from his Name, -Y, /\5/'.jr /;#/>(,-; J
In another fort ot Mcni-y, rallcill

r.n/<:j, faty wliercof make a>

Crown - ■ • ■*

In Dunmncls, Rubies, Kmcralds, 1

Sapliirc5, I'earls, and other pit>- >

cious Stone; - - • ■'

in Staiuts of C<oU of divers Crta- »

turcs - - • "J

In 1 loufhoIJ-llufr, Gold - Plate, »

a^ Dilhrs, C.'u; s f:'«'- - ■ J
In Bt.ils anil Coi^i^-r Utcnfits - •
In I'lircclain.or CtV"J Ware, andi

other i:jrlhen - VcflVls, to thcV

\'aliic of - - - - *

In Brocades, anJ other v.ol\ and ■%

filver Sturts and in S;lk and>

Cahcocs - - • - J

In Woolen-CIothi
In Tents, HaPij-.r.gs, and Tapef- 1

try - - - ■ '

Tvvc r.r/-fourthouf.ird M.iniiiui|-t; 1

richly bcunc!, va!w-! at - - »
In Artillery and Atr.nv.inition - -
His Mjr,a/ine of Smu'i- Aims, ■

50,000,000

38J1333

30,026,026

9'503«37o

5,866,895
25,612

30
5

7,654,989 30

251,626

4.96:,772

3,231,865

lis Mjr,a/ine ol Smu.l- Atms,^
SwcvdV, Bucklers Pikes liowt, V
Arrow?, (."fc. - '

^ Saddk-s, Bridirs, and ctlier^
(iold .ind Silver Accoutrement-s V
to the Valiif cf - - - '

> Covering -Cloths for I lorrrs"!
and 1-Jf,^hant>. , cnibroidertdf
vi:h Gold, aiv.l Siivis andf
l\u:\i - - - 3

4,257,985 30

1,262,824

2,500,000

All which together amounts to 274,1 1 h7')!i

Thi"', tho' in itltif an imtrenfc Sum, yet fulls very (hurt
of lihtt-n hundrvd Mi l.oiis, whali is tlletmed the Amount
of ihr Mogiii'i Tri-alu-c at pnfcnt. Nrithtr it it at all
imjjrohable that it nuy be lo •, tor though it nuy lie true,
ihat the ordinary Ucvi-iiuc ot the Cruwii is not confiderably
cntrc.il'.d, ytt by i!i<- iich I'rcfents nude annually at llatcd
Tmirs by his drai'dces, and his Ix-rng Hcir-gcneral to ull
the Q rictrs in hii Service tliroii^hoijt his cxtcniive I'.ni-
prr, there is no l)oul t that the grofs Amount of his Re-
ceipts tnuft be excecdini'jly augmented fince :lut Titiie.

As there is no Inheritance of l-'.lUtes Ixlon^^ing to the
Children of t;riat I'uloi.s, i> they can claim no Share in
their Faiht rs O.gr.ity. 1 he Title ot Rajah being no more
iidirritablc there than that of the Khan's in Ptr/ia, the only
Advantage they have r,, that tiuy areentruiUd with Icinr
Charges by the M(i);ul, till, by thru' Merits, they can raife
thcmlelvcs to the lugliell Dignity. 1 he ihiefelt Orficer*
t)t the Court are the Vi/ir, *.>s I'rinie MmitU-r, the chief
cil tlir l.unu(hs, «r l»rd Hi|^h Sii*ard of the Trealury,
I'nnrijial .S<crcr,iry <A State, Cj-nrral ol t!ie I*.lej)tunts,
aiui Sjrvcyor ot thr lloulholJ-Sniif, Tent--, and Jewel*.
1 heft ore contbin: Meu)l>ers ol the Mogul's I'rivy Council,
iintu wiiith IS alio luiiutimes called iIk- C<Ait< vaJ, who i*
t>it'i t hul judite, and Commander 111 ctiicf of thu Mo-
^■,ii,'s (,uar;!-. 'Ml" LoujKil commuiily fits in ihe Night-
time tro:ii Urvrn till nine,

Tlie NK'gvil a|i;ears ever,- Morning at Sunrifing, and
fhf I/jrtli (oinr to pay ti^ir Vciuration to him aUiut
iNoor, when he tomes to k<- the Fighting of the Wild-
Ccilb, ami alxjut 1- vrumg wlien Jc .iiipe.ir". at a icrtain

the Kingdom, the Province? of Canlihar, D,Ui, Brnd
Orixa, and tome other,, bringing in a y.arly Rcveniif 0!
I'ighty-leven Millions, two hundred and tilty thoiiiar"
Crowns, the Province of Guznrat is abli- to raife Niiu'v
ihoufand llorfc, Cimh\a 'I'wclvcthuutand, iniCalu! Z
many ; Orixn I'.igluy thoufind, and L.hli One luind'rol
and fitty thouUnd i bcfidcj thole of the other Provinces
cf which 1 could learn 'lyo Certainty. His Mihtia is di-
vided into certain Ikigadcs of twelve or tifttcn hundred
Horfe,' commanded either by the King's Sons or the
chiefell Lords m the I-'mi'lrc, fomc of wTiom iiavcalfo un-
der their Command ci rtain Regiments of 2ouo, jo:;o,
anl^.v'o llorle. Cct.iin it Is, that then the prcfiT.t
Mogtil went in Perfon into tlic I'icK! agiuiid. KhjnKr.baan
in 1 030. 1 lis Army conhlkd of i4.(.,50i) ILrfe, divided
into tour Hrig.ide":, bciidca a valt Niimb.T of Lk-'h.mts
Camels Muhs and ArtiIlery-1 lords. Tin; Anns ullj
in tlicir Camp wire molMy Bows and Arrows, 1 J.'.vclin,
which they dart with grt.it IVxterity, a Cymitar, Puim'
ard and Buckler, whicli hang about their N'ci.b. The
i lorlemcn dIc po I ire-arms, but tlieir Infantry ufe il.i.'
Muli|Uft toLrably well i their Pike-nun have Pikts ol
ten or twelve loot long, which they dart at the laienv.,
inllead ot oj'j-of'Pg the Horli. with them as we do in tu-
rvfe, Ibmc i.k Ctuts of Mail, reaching duwn to ihur
Kivis, but are without 1 Lad-pieces. 'I'hey \indfrlla;;J
notliiiv; of maitial I'-.-ifrcilis ; the Van or Rear, l-'ro.-^.t an I
Fil( , i:cing rhrg>. ni ver heard of among them ; but ;;!'ht
without any Mitlu«.l or Older. 1 heir thiif Tru!'. !;ib 1:1
thiir I'hp'ha.its, on the Baths of winch ate tixci! t'r;a;ti
wockIcu lowers, cariyii-g three or four 1 larqiubu; s, \\'.:}\
as many Mm to thtni, and the l'.l'.p.lia;;[b Ic've t .111 1:1.
lUad of Bulwarks, to hinder the Lvicmy from l)uak..i^
in ujxm them : Hut the worft is, that thclc UealU Ixiiij
terrilitd by artitinal Fire-woiks, or Ibme other fuch liK.:
Means, make a gnatii 1 lavock among thiirown r«jjl:
than ;he Enemy. They commonly have a great Trairr of
Artillery, and fome vny large I'ieces. ' Tluy alio miii:
Gun-iK)wdcr, but not lo good as ours. Their Coppcr-
trum|Hts and Timbrels, make a Noilc that is r tt ui.jiu-
tiint in the field. Their Armies never maiLli above five
Ixagues in a Day. As in their Fncampnients they t.k:
up a vail t ircumtercnce of G.-ocnd, fo they oblcve a vi-
ry good Order in them, every thing being as w, 11 rer;';!'-.-
cd there as in a City ; and it is oblerval-le, that the Mo-
gul and the Cieneral ot the Army, always have t!.t,:
Tents Ditched without the Reach of Muiliuet-di&t he::)
the relt.

His ordinary Guard is I2C03 Men, btTi.i.5 the C:i
tjiat have the Title ot the Guard of his BoJ.y, and .'.r'> .1!-
ways attending his Perfon. The Mogul Ibaictinies con-
fers the Dignity of Rajah or Prince, uixin hi: chief '» :Ar,
who has the lupremc Management of all civil and nultary
Atiairs throughout the Kingdom : He is not ; rniit":.. fi
take the Icalf Pixknt, but his Clerks an- i'o litdc conli;;.!.:-
ous in thit Point, that fur M-jney a Man may know -.v ry
thing that paffes through their Hands. 'I'hc Rijaii' i;..l
other great Men, jiay a moll profound Veneration to tl;'.-.
Monarthi they never ajiproach or fpeak to liini wirh^ .1
many Bows and Reverences, and wiien t.'i' y arc ;;/ .;
away tliey do it Intkward.s, Ixiwing their Heads down ti
liic Ground, putting their I lands over their I'yes, ar.d a;
terwards upn their BrealU, to Ihew their Ilumil.ty. l'i'.=
Mogul never Oirs abroad out of the City or otlierwil. .■.v.i;.
out a Guard of ten thou.'.md Men, at the He.id ot iv'a.i
march one hiuidred Pieplants covered with .Scar!: t, N eh-t.
and Brocades, each having two Men on !i:s B.ick, '. -••
one who guides the Beall, the other cam s « Banrrrc.:
S.Ik ; u()Qn kvcn or eight of the foremolf are niouate-l t!ie
Mulicians, who play ujKjn the Timbrel. The .M r,^j '»
either mounted upon iUnr Per/ian 1 lorle, or is carrn ^ '.:i i
Coach drawn by t*vo white Oxen, or carried in a Chair.
1 he duel Men ol the Court lullow immediately attesaiii
after them the Baggage. He (uminonly 1 iV'ks hi> Itn .
in the I'lekl, the lictter to enjoy the Coiivr.iu;' y ij tl;-
cool Air 111 the Suminer, and to ch-MMe tiie wannetf I'lair.
in the Winter, whuh is the Re.ifon he co-.uiionly leave.
/^fr<j in /Ipril, and palles t!ie Moiitlis of .U<(v, 7we.-, /i/,r

V'> jni,o.v t« kt \li< :3uj-lcit.. ^. /ucoiiJiji^ tu the RuU uf md ^iu^xjtt al L]i/^f\ or m I>jiik otir.i iwuhi-r!) I'lov.! r,-

Book 1.

Chap. II. through fcveral Countries oj the I N D 1 E S.

;in ay. ally Kivroue ol
IrCvl and til'ty thoular.-'.
t IS able to rail'i: Niimy
• thuulaml, and Ca!u! as
md IXi'li One lumdrij

of th'- oiha Pruvinccs,
inty. 1 lis Milstia is tli-
tlvc or tifucn hundred
ic Kinj;'s Sons, or the
ic of wTiom have alfo un-
jimcnts of 2000, joiio,
i, that tlicn tiic prcfcr.t
ic'K! againn: KhMiKr.baan
1. 14, 500 Murk-, ilividtd
: Nimilv.T of Ek-;ih.ir.ts,
lorfis. Tiic Arms ufal

anvl Arrows, a J,ivcl;:i,
terity, a C'ymitar, I'uini-
■Ixjut tlicir N'clI;?. 'I'lie
It tlicir Infantry ufe li.e
I'lkf-min have Pik:s (A

they dart at the I'.ncmy,
ith thctn as wc do in £«•

reaching down to ttv,^
ictes. 'I'hcy \ind(rfta:'.J
; Van or Rear, l-'ror.t an I
)f acnor.g tivm ■, l.i:t;,!^ht

'Ihrir thii't Tiu!'. lii-s la
if which arc tixed v.-ri.v.n
or four 1 larqiu-bu; s, vitli

I'.ii'l'.liar'.ti Urve i .'in in.
ic LvK-niy troin liriak.iig
b, that ihclc Bcili-. Ix;;;;;
,, or fonie other fuch li^^
. an'ionf- thtir own I'wjlc
jnly have a i^rcat rrair. ot

I'iccfs. " Tiuy alio miii:

as ours. 1 htit Cop;..':-
. Noife tliat is i u w.j ita-
.s iicvfr niJK!i alxwc- liv:
r r.f,cami)nicr.t5 tfify t.k;
i:nd, fo they ohlcr\'c a vc-
hing tKin(;ab w. II rcr,'.:lj:-
i oblen-al'lf, thattlic Mo-
\rmy, always have ti.t.r
c!i of Mulljuci-nic/t ficni

)o Men, bcfidis the C:i
il of his Body, andarfa!-
hr Mopul luiiictimrs con-
iiKf, inx)n hi'; chicr '> •'.!,
■nt of all civil and n-ilia-j
n: He is not j -rniii".J :;
frksar- fo Imlcconiw.;!.:-
•y a Man may hr.ow 'v :y
I lands. 'IhL- Riia!i< i: l
olound Vcncr.ition to tl.'.
h or I'lfak to lu.ni wi;/. ■>•
and wlien th- y arc [■,■.;.;
wing thtir Hc.ids down ti
ds overtlieir l.ycs, anda!-
hew their Humility. T';=
thcCityorothfrwif.,-.v.t'.

Icn, at thfi \U-i'^ ot v^'i .i
jvercdwuh.Scarht, Vclv.t,

u Men on !r.s B.itk, r.:.
; other cam -s » Banner ci
c forcinoll are mourned the
■ linibrcl. The M n'-'.' ''
■an Horle, or is carru '.^'.;i i
i.xcn, or I .iirr'd m -i L.u;r.
iuw imniediat.ly atu!, jm]
omnionly jiitc'us hi-. Irn ,
)y the CoiivenKi'.y it th'
J tlvjofe the warindt I'l^'-'^''
^cali.ii he < o-.uiKMily Imv:;
V1untlis.it .\/,/v, :.'w.-. /i'..'
Kotlr.i no; thai) I'lov.uv.

'Ihc City of ^gra is fo poinilotis, that it is able to raife
two hiiiuiicd tliiuilantl ligliting Men, Moll of the In-
habitants arr Mohammedans, but there is ftarcc any Nation
in ihc Wodd but what trade thither, and all Lomuiodi-
tiis wlictlur imported or cxpoitrd, j ay lo per Cent, Cuf-
loni. '1 III* <->'/ '''■" u'lJcr Its Jurikiiction torty fniall Ci-
ties, and three thotifand five hundred Villages, its 'I'crri-
torics extending above fixty Leagues about. The adja-
ca.t Coimtry is very fertile in Imligo, Cotton, Salt-pttre,
and feveral other Commodities. The l-elliva! of the Nau-
nis, or Nt\v-year',s-day, is celebrated in this City with a
great ileal of Ceremony. B^foic the King's Palace a Theatre,
or ScalTold, ri( hiy adorned, is creeled, furroundcd with
finall Pillars in the Nature of a Balcony, where the King
ij fcated upon richly embroidered velvet Cufliions, being
attended by his levtn Minillers of State, the l-'.mprcfs be-
ing not far olf in a Gallery where ftie can fee the whole
Ceremony, but cannot be leen by any body. Near the
King's Scatlold is another eieded, painted and embillifli-
eil with Mother ot Pearl, whither the principal Lords
come out ot their Tents, pitched and furniflied with their
moll precious Moveables, in the oiifrmoll Court in the
Palace, to pay their Vciirration to the King ; which done,
he leaves the Theatre, and being leattd on his Throne,
he receives the Prelents (.1 !iis Si.bjcdts, and this he conti-
nues for eighteen Days Irccciiivdy. T.-wardi t|ic CoikIu-
f:on of thefe eighteen IXiy.^ the King, m return of the
Preknts the Lord', and <ithers h;;ve lu.ule hnn, bellows
upon them 'us I'rtlt-nts, wh'ch arc certain Employments
and I lonour.s proportionable to the (jitts he has received
from iheir 1 lands.

'Use Mogul's Birtii-t!,iy is alfj celebrated here after a
prculiir Manner. The Day is Ugun with all manner of
Divcrtilemenis, which dune, b.e Jhcw^ himlelf to the
Qiiren-Mother, if living, in her own Apartments, where
the g;^at Lords arc obliged to appear, and to bring along
Vit!: (hem confiderable l'rcl(;nts, Att-.r Dinner he puts
on the richctl Apparel that can be contrived, laden all over
with Gold, and precious Stones. Thus lie goes in{o a
Tent, and in the Pretence of the chiet 1 xjrds, weighs him-
felf in a Pair of Scales of mally CJoid, the Chains wherc-
uf being ot the lame Metal, arc let with precious Stones.
Me is fet in one of the Sc;'''s, and in the other are put li;-
veral Bags of Silver, one of Gold, fome precious Stones,
certain I'icccs of Silk, StuH's, Callicoes, Pcpjicr, Cloves,
Niitmcf:,?, Cinnamon, Wheat, I'ulli', and Herbs, and an
exact Account is kept of the DitVerencc of his Weight
from one Year to the other. 'Iliis done, the King gives
the Money with his own 1 lands to the poor Mokammidaiis,
a;id the reft is diUributed among ccruin Banjans. '1 hen
being feated on his I'hrcne, he orders to lie call among the
Lords of his Court, Nuts, Pillaclioi's, Almonds, and di-
vns other forts of Piuit of Cjold, but lb llightly made,
that one tlioufand of them Icarce weigh thirty Crown?,
which tho' it may feem ir.crcdible, yit it is certain that it has
been trieil by I'.xpenenee, that a whole large Baton lull of
this kitkl ot wrought things, have not amounted to above
tf.i Crowns, and it is (oinputed, that all this great Mo-
narch bellows ujx)n this Occafion, would not amount to
aKive the Value of one lumdr.'d Crowns. The Day is
concluded with a great I'lall at Court, unto wlii>h are in-
vitrd all the principal Lords ii\ waiting, who pals the Night
w:[{i the Mogul in Drinking.

Thiy nllb ceKbraie another Fillival, wliich begins ten
Days alter the New -moon of the Muiuh of Ju'.y. This is
cblervcd to perpetuate the Memory ot two Brothers nametl
"Ji-nzi and7<ixjf, who beini', holy Men or Saints, went
e;i l'i!grim.ige to the Court ot C.ronutndcl, and were there
L'ied by the Hnii:uini, and other Pagans. 'I'hey carry
Collins ( ovi red with Bows, Airows Turbants, Cymitars,
s"d {iarnicntsof Silk, ihroui,h the City, the People fol-
lowing in whole Truoji with great Lamentation, I'ome
Dalhiiijr their Amis till the Blond ilUies forth plentifully.
In the Lvtninj', they make liivule I'n'Ures of Straw repre-
Icriii-g the IVtlons uhu niurJ.ered them-, at thele they
IhiKjt their Arrows, and .it lall bum them to Allies.
Micy pciturni this with lo nnieh Aiuniolity, that no Pa-
fan dares to appear about th.il I inn.' in the Streets. The
iiiiij). MsLummtiiiiu. alio cckl'iate the Lt.Ul of tlic S;icri-

•1 !!.■

tice of Ahakwi. It is held in June, when tliey kill a
lie-goat, which lerves thi m to e.itertain their Friends wiil^
that Day. The Great Mogul deduces his Olf-fpring tVotii
the famous Timui; or 'Taiinrlani.; in a direft Line, th'tj
faid 'latnerlattc being dcfcended from the Family of Zwgts-
KhaH oiTariary. Sbab-Choram, who reigned at the Time
of my Travels into thefe Paits, ullirpcd the Crown from
his Nephew I'rinc; Pola^i, whom, aj we told you, we
faw at GaJJonis. . .

The Mogul was then about fixty Years of Age. 1 le
had three Sons, the eldcft was about twenty-five i but his
AfFecflions being moll for the youngeft. he intended to
bellow the Crown upon him, and to make the other twci
contented with the Government of certain Provinces. The
Beginning of his Reign h.id favoured not a little of Cru-
elty, and even aft rwards he could not but betray his In-
clinations, by putting' fuch as were guilty of IlighTrea-
fon to unheard of Torment.? i for the reft, he w.is of a
pleafant Humour enough, taking much delight in Muficl;,
and_ the Women Dancers dance naked betore him. Of
thele I heard the linglijh relate a pleafant Story, that a
certain Perfon of Note belonging to the Courr, in whofe
Converl'ation the Mogul took particular Delight, being
tiMlTing at Court, the Mogul atkcd the Rcalbn of his Ab-
fcncc, and being anfwered, that he had taken Phylick,
tlic Mogul ortlercd his Women D.ancers to go to his Ho;ife,
to drip themfelvcs naked, and to cafj themfelves before
him. The Gentleman hearing of their Coming, and hav-
ing got Ibme Scent of what their Errand was afked them
inuuediately after their con.ing ir.to the Ruom, what tlie
King h;^d commanded them tu do-, and being anfwered,
that they we;.- to cafe themielves theic, he told ch.cm, that
they might put the King's Commands in Execu.ion as Icon
as they plealed i Uitatking tliem at tiicfame I'inv, whether
they had any I'urther Commands, they having at.fwered no,
he bid then, have a fpecial Care not to iranlgiLi:; the Orders
laid upon them ; for, laid lie, if any of you piis hut one
Drop, I will have you all Icundly whipped, whi-h j-iut
them into fuch a Fright, tli.'.t not daring to run the
Hazard of the Lafli, th.ey rciinned to the Mogul, whu
unuerllanding by what InveiiiiGii tlie Gentleinan h.;d di-
vcired them trom what they were ordered lo do, laiiglicel
very heartily at his Ingenuity.

His daily Diverliuns were to fee the Lions, Elephants,
Tigers, Leoparus, and other wild Beads fight one with ano-
ther. He alto often delighted in feeing Men er.ga;',. with
thoie lavage Creatures, hut never forced them ag.iinll dieir
Will, there being n-t .\ anting thofe, who in Hopes of ob-
taining thereby the Mogul's Favour, would, hazard their
Lives upon tiiat .^rore. 1 remember the Mi'gul on hij
Son's Bath-day being prcfeiit at the Combat between a
Lion and a Tiger, which w.re both very mueii hurt, he
ordered Proclamation to be made upon the Spot, tliaf
whoever hail lb ir.uih Courage as to iigh: with one of
thole Bealls witli Sword and liiiekler unly, fliould be, it-
he vaiuiuilhed, honoured witli ' .^ Title of Kbnn. It was
not long betore three InJji.uss appeared to accept thf:
Challenge, and having laid by their Coats of Mail, one
engaged with a fuiious Lion, and for fome Time mad-.;
his Party good very couragioully, tut the Bead prefFin^^
very hard upon his Left-hand, in which he held his Buck-
ler, the Weight whereof at lad forced the Buckler out ol
his I land ; tii that feeing himfelf in un.ivoid..ibIe Danger • i
his Life, he thrull a Dagger which \\t wore in h.is (Jirdb
into the Lion's Jaws, who thereupon let go hi ; I lold, ::nd
was marching otV; but the Iii.icjLin followed him, and wirH
a Blow crofs his 1 lead, laid him dead upon tii- ClrounJ.
Tiie Acclamations of tf.c People were loud up,:', this Oc-"
cafion, but the Mogul was fo far from Win;', [AcikA \vi_iH
the Aclion, that on the contrary, being lii'j,h:y inrenfed
at his having made ufe of any oihe; Aims ixui t l;;s o'.vord
and Buckler, he cunimanded tiic Fellow's Belly to be rip-
cd up, ;md the Body to be cx;;ol',d to tho \ i
whole City, 'ihe fecond Lul'jl.ni m.ide up w;
Courage than the lormer, to a Tyger br(na',lu ;
Purpole, but this lieia Cri.itine w.is lodexteroiiv aiii v^^y.-
ble, as to lei/.e him by the 1 li'o.it, aid lb l.ili.d hltn.
'Hie third ImLjl.n:, tho'* -i I'erlon of a nn.'.ii St.iuire, nivl
wuile Afptit, iiulhin:r cii,.! ay-d ..C the Mv.f..r?i':a- oi lyi
' ■','c!u;,',c',Ci,

•,v ol tl:c
:i no le!s
I f^ r th.'.t

' 1 :■ :,

1 :,
1 ' ■';.

, 1 ' il
i'-i:

i, '

J' M" i '

1} ;

764 7/6^ Rfm ARKS, £3^<:-. 0/ John Albert dc Mantlcl Hoc Book I.

Comrade, fngageil tlir fame Tyger with unfjicakablc Bra- Days. Wliilrt I was at /Imadaht, I faw the Mohammt

very, who was for playing the laim- Game with tins that he dam ci-irbratc a l-taft. All the VNinilows ot the lloufcs

had done with the other • But as he was goinj; u) fatten round the great Market-place were liikd wiiii Laiiuis be

on the lndoftan'% Throat, he cut oinx.th his Fere paws at tore which Hood glalj VelTcls full of \V.,tcr, of all lor'tso'f

Colours which afforded a very dilitjhtlul I'rofpta at a
Dillancc, and the Night was concluded wiih 1 imiUhu and
fine l-irc-works, compolcd of Squibs, Crackers, and ma-
ny ingeniou-. Inventions of that kinti ; ainonp; the reft'
they had fatlened certain Ijnips to Wheels, w'huii beinii
turned round with great Viokiac, nude a plcafint Shew
The Caravan ot ./jf'"" 'V'*'* ""• f""ncr arrivid at //wWa-

one Blow, and fiKin after difptcheii him-, at which the
Mogul was fo well pleail-d, that he prefentcd this Man
(whofe Name was Geih) with a C^arment of Brwade with
his own Hands, and bellowed the Dignity ot a KLin
upon him.

I S. I (hould not have left .igra fo foon, had not an

unhappy Accident made me alter my tirft Rcfolution •, tor _ ^^_

as I was talking one Day in the Streets with my Ptrjian Ixtt, but I prepared kj go along with them to Sural, "rhj

Servant who left me at i>urjt, an Indcftan, of a very gorul- firft Pay we travell'd fix 1 .eaguis to JhuiM^i, but thcmxt

ly Afixft, fame up to me, allvinr, me what I had to do in Day the Knglijh Direftor and his Deputy, Ix mg dc/irous to

thole Parts? to whom 1 made aiifwcr, that I was a Na- l)C at i>ural, at the Rcfignation ot the chief Diudnr thirc

live of Germairr, whom Curiofity had brought thither, myfelf and another left the Caravan, taking twtnty-lour

He told me, tliat unltfs he was very much miftakcn, I Soldiers along with us tur Ciuards. We crolla! the Kiver

was the I'crfon that had killed his Kinfman in the I'.ngagc- fV<iJf(t with our Banners, according to the Indt.ia Cullum,

mcnt at Upal-ati, l^ctwlxt the Indnftans and Girmam. As where Ptrfons of any Note alwayi have Banners, not un-

1 was convinced 111 my Confcirnce that he fpoke Truth, like our Cornets, c.irricdbelorc them. At Ni^^ht we took

fo I was not a little amazed at it. But two En^lijb Mer- mir Qliartcrs in the Fort of y.i/iUpour, where meeting

chants that were alor.g with him, proterting that I was with the Kn^/ijb Factor of hrodrj, we llaid in that I'lacc

lately come from Ireland by Sc.i to Sural, m.idc me jx-r- all the next Day, but continued our Journey in the Even-

fill j^iofitively in it, that I had nt vrr fet Foot in iVe/fa. ing, and were lodged next Night in a d.irelcn, whei.cc

This woulil, pcrhap, however, liave flood me but in lit- we jxoceeded the next Day to a noted Cilteru tor irefh

tie (lead, had not the faiie S«rvant declared, and fworn Water callcil SamtorJ, whuh !)cing at that I'line ",:ardcj

by his Mciammfd and Ihl'nn, that he knew me, and that by a Troop ot Country I'eopir, who pret;r.dal to ketj, us

I laid nothing but Truth : So that with much ado we got
nd of the InJeJfun at that Time.

But a.s his Sight was not very agreeable to me, fo I
made it my Burnicfs to take the next (>p;xMtimity ot leav-
ing Ji^ra, which I i!id accorilingly, takirg tjic Advant.igc
ot a Caravan that was going thentc to /.ahr, 60 l/:agues
further into t!ie Country, all whu h Way wc travelled thro*
one continued X'iIIj of I'alni, Datr, Cocoa, ami < ther
Fruit-trccf, which, with the Company of two Dumb Mer-
chants, and fome BMJans, made this Journey very plca-
fant, tho'tlu'le lall were not very well plt-alrd with the Di-
verfion I took ta fhooting at the .Ape^, I'.'.rrots, and lome
other Creatures, and ann.ng the relt, a: a Se-rp nt, a thing
much elUemed by them. The City of I^h<r is (latr 1
upon the Kiver A'.r^, one of thole that with four more

join their Wateis wah the Indus. It lies in 32"

hav-

ing nruny fair Gardens on the Rivrr iide, and the Country

about it bri'ig fertile in Iniiis ('f all forts, but elJH-nally

in Wheat an^i Rice. I'he royal 1'al.ice, which lies in the

middle of tlie City, is I'urroundcd by a very high Wall,

befidrr, that, it contains nia, y other l'alaci-«, l)el(ji,ging to

fuch Fcri'ons of Note as generally attend the Mogul,

whre-cver he g<K>, and a gre.it many Molques and pul>-

fck Baths. I had tliv Curiofity to go into one o^ thrfe

Baths, w!iic!i I fou;;d. to l)e exactly alter the Pt'Jiun 1-a-

fhion, wi;h l-veral Partitions made half ri'iind, within

narr(jw at the F.ntrance, and wide at the Butom, each

having it.^ peeuliar L)<K)r, and two Cifleir s tor receiving fcois gave us a fair Opptittuiuiy to eir.ploy our hirc-arxs

the W ater, which is let m by brazen C'oeki, more or lefs, to the bell Advantage -, lor .a they were coniifig towariii

from fct;:hing the Water we had C)ci.dion k.r, x Uilput"
arcfc betwixt them and liime of our Soldiers, wi;;(;i 3»
lall came to Blows ; for whilll our People were lirawJiiT
up their Water, the Country Fellows wounded live ol
them with tluir Arrows, whuh to txali>eratcd t!ie rclr
that they kilkii three ot the Country People.

But before (KXt Day app< ared, we met witii another En-
counter, which wai likely to h.ive proved fatal to loince,''
us i for the Du.-ib Caravan ('.shuh wc I1..J overtaken ca
the Road ) goin'^ away about Miiinight, we fuliiwal
ftxjn atlcT, but were m-t gone tar before wc heard cnc ot
thofc Tiumpeters, who in the Indus commonly march be-
lore the Caravans li uiid his Inllrunicnt in an aiijacp.:
\N\kx1 j a^ we had Iktii alreaviy lurcwarned of the A.y;o-
fceli, who h.ui eoinmicteil Icveral Robberies, and killed
divers Perl'nis ht reabout'; the Day before, fo wc did not 1:1
the lead quelluiO, that this was tlic Signal ot our coniir.;
given t<i tfiofe Rogues ; neither was it long before wc ium.i
our (iucfs venliei! by the^r coming out of the Wood v,:il<.
Pikes, Bucklers Bows and Arrow-. ; but the bell was, dui
thty liad no hire Arir.s. \N e liau llaiee J imc enuiigh to
put ourfclvts in a Pollure of Defence i but ilv: t'tj;i:jt>
MereluMf 'nd I getting on Horlcback, wc bv-liowcd the
four Firelt/i ks we liad atjiong thole ol (jur Company, who
wtre in a CoaJi, rclciving three Cale ot Pdluls tur ci:r
own I le on 1 K'iltbai.k. Our Agrccrnc;.t was not to ti:c
(ill we Were lure ot doing g(<()i.l F.xecuiion, and the Rjjb-

according as tliolc who bathe are pical'etl to order it. Al-
ter batiiir.g, I was dellrrd to he elowti iijxjii a Stonp leven
or rijjhl beet lui.g, and tour broad, where being loumllv
rubbed full up<in my Belly, and alterwards all .dong the
Back-bor.e, down tuwanls the Side ; the i-tllow woukl
have rublxrd the .Soles of my Frrt alio, with lome Sand,
whieh I not Ix-ing able to endure, lie alked me immedi-
ately whether 1 was a Cliril*;,in, and I having tokl him
that 1 was, he gave me ttie Hair Cloth to rut) them my-
felf.

In this Journey to iMlcr, I rode iiivm four feveral
Creatures, that is to fay, a Camel, a Mule, an F.lrphant, and
an Ox, which trotted fo hard, that lie cartiei' n^e fix or le-
veti Leagues wjthin tour Htur . llavie.. (f, eived Let-
ters from Jjr,7, that the t.n^Hjh l):rr(ft(r was preparing
for hi' rt" .rn tiom Sural for Z";;...?;./, 1 [(^,1; tiic Convc-
niency e a fmall Caravan ot In.U.in Merchants, that were
goinj- lu Jmadaia:, where I wa. lo luoncr arnveel, but I
lindeifbxKl that he exjic^t rd only the comii.g of the Cara-
vai '. of j-i^ra anil .InudaLat, in order to Ins N'oyage to
Enx^anJ, definiii; me to make what liatle I e<juld to Sural,
Umg scry di lirou. I fliouid be prelcnt at the Rclignaiion
of hi» Piclidet.tfhip, wliKh waj ty be leiloinud in a lew

us in a vciy eiole Boely, we dileharged ov.r Firel(>-.^s, wliivti

wtre charged wuli Kjuare Pieecs ot Iron, among them,

whii !i inauc three diop at once ; but trulbng in tlie.i Nu.ii-

Ix-r, they puflu-d forward, killei! two ol our Soldiers, Ihur

an Arrow into the I'ummii i-f n;y Saiiille, and another i:.tu

the '1 urban ot the Ln^lijh Men hai.t ; Nay, liiey can;e u

near us, tliat I reerived tsso 1 hiuiis with thcir llaltpirvCi

UjMin my Bull Coll.ir, which 1 was Ijeiiolden to lor n^y

Lite at thai Time. Nay, two of tin le AVy/.'/tc/j f^oi hold

of my I lorle's Bridle, and wen jull goinp, to urry me oft,

when the h.n^iilh Mtrchai.t came in v.ry lealonabiy lu tr.y

Reiki, fo that 1 maiie ihitt to kill one of them by al'iitol

Shut, and to get clear ot th- other. By this iimk ten Sol

dirrs Ixdunging to the Dut^h Caiav.iii eaine in to our Al-

fillanie, arul the- Carav.ui itlcll bei ig not nuich beliiiul, tii:

K.iJ) I'O'ii did not think it coiiveniem to flay niuli lone;cr,

but made tlie bell or their way to the Wi^od, Living 1.x

of their Comrades killed upon the Spot, bclides Icural

others delperately wt.uiidcd, whom they earned olh ^'^^

h.id oidy two loot .Soldiers killeil, and about eight wourd-

ed l'< lions. We rx|>cCled ai oih; r Villi licni thini, h^il

wc hearel no mot. ot thrni, and lo aiiivcd .bout Nooii Jt

liuiihlia, and tiavilled eight Lcauuis Hivic tht i-weUay
" t'i

}

fk'^

, I (aw the Mohaimc-
'inilows (it the Uuul'n
lil!ii.l Willi Lamps, Ix-
f NV.itcr, of all I'orijof
I liijhttul I'rofpf d at a
ui.ici.1 wiiii I'lMiUng and
lbs, Crackers, and ma-
intU among the reft,
;) Wheels, whuii being
ludc a picafant Shew,
crncr arrivnl at Amada-
\\\ tliein to Sural. I'hc
> /1mti.kl>al, but the next
t-puty, iji iiig deiirous to
tilt: chief Dircdor there,
/an, taking twenty-lour.
\Vc crolla! the Uiver
g tu the InJun Cullom,
i luvc Banners, not im-
:m. Ac Ni^ht we toolt
<jtupour, where meeting
(, wc llaid in that I'lace
)ur Journey in the Even-
it in a (liiriien, whence
I noted Ciftcrn for trelh
nn at that Tiau- :'v;arJcJ
vhu preter.deil to ket^, us
1 Otialion h r, i Uilpui^
t o'jr Sok'.icrs, wi;;iii a:
)ur Feoplc were tirawing
■'e!lows wounded five ol
i ill cxaijieratcd tlie rcl't,
ntry People,
wc met \wt;i another En-
^e proved latal to loir.c ct
iU h wc l!..J overtaken l:i
Midaigiit, Wf lulk.wal
ar brturc wc heard cnc ol
tJui commonly trarch be-
lli rument in an i~'.j^c:?.:
y lurcwarr.cd ot the A :/■:-
cral Robberies, and killed
ly btlore, lb we did not 1:1
4 the .Signal of our eoniir^
;^iis It long before we iuui.i
ing otir of the Wood nmI:'.
jwV ; bi;t the LkII was, tiut
lu.i f aiec 1 ;mc enoiigh to
U-lelKC i but the t>l^i:j1
orlcback, wc bellowed the
hole of our Company, who
irec C.ile of I'lllolb tur u;r
A^rcein!:'..t was not to nic
I l-.xecuiion, and the Rj/-
ty to employ our I'lrc-itn'.s
, they were coniin;; towarili
barged our EireliKks, whuh
us ot Iron, anioiij; them,
1 but trullinj;ii.i:ie;i N'-i:"-
cd two 01 our Soldiers, Ihut
mySaodlr, aiid.ir.vtheri:.t.J
r. hii.t: Nay, liiey cair.e u
hiuiis with their Hallp'K"
1 was liehoidcn to lor my
jot ihwKi:Jhloct)i!.olhold
T luil goii!!', toiarrymeolt,
mc in V. ry lealoiulilv lu ir.y
kill one ot them by a I'lit^j'
other. BythistiiiKtenbc
Caiavan tame into our Al
I bei:i'' not n.uch behind, t.ic
vchicm to Hay muh loiir,«r,
ly to tl.r Wood, IcivingU
,,, the Spot, bclldes k.eiil
vhom they earned ott. ^^^-
illed, and about ctil.iwomr-

, „tlr.r \ibi ti«-m i!i""» ''^'
and 10 arrived, boo. Noon al

, Le*iiU«morcibel.ineUa

Chap. 1 1. through fever al Couvtrics of thel^X^l E S.

7!'

to the Vill.igc of Onclajfor, antl the next Day, being tlic
26ih ot Ddenikr, to Sural.

,,;. The Day alter my Arrival at Surat, I was prcfcnt
at the Refignation of Mr. MctivolH, the then chief Direc-
tor of the Eng/ijh Eoft- India Company to Mr. Fremlin'^,
who had been his Deputy before ; there were prefent at 'a

765

pared with it -, but as thefe Governors are merely dcpcnd-
in{!; on the Mogul's Pleafure, fo they are fure to make the
belt Ulc they poffibly can of their Time to enrich them-
lelves at any rate. Hence it is, that he who complains to
tiiem firft, and knows how to back it with Money, fhall

five Conllils, or Head Faaors of that Nation in ^.L,^,;] I£ mSTb^til^u^S'lv^S "^'"^ "^ ^^"^' '"'
three Minilters, two Phyl.cians, and twenty-iivc Merchants. The Couteval, or GovernorrDe:

Alter he iiail given them Thanks lor their Fidelity to the
Company, and for the Affection and Rclpcft they had
ihewcd to his Perfon, he bogged of them to continue tlut
lame IxJth to the Company and Mr. Fraiilni^ ; and thus
with a ftiort Complement he cummillioned tiie laid Mr.
h'rcmling; after which he gave us a very migniticent F.iiti r-
t.iinmrnr, thcrc being not any thing wanting that the Sea
Ion afforded -, belides that we had a good'Sharc botii of
the ErgHjh and Iiuiian Mufick, as well as the Women
Dancers. Dncmher the 28t!i the new Sultan or Governor
vi Sural made his publick F.ntry through that Place, having
carried before him a certain Number of Pa/anquins, followed
by one hundred and twenty Foot Soldiers, twenty of which
carried Banners after the InJmn Fadiion. His Name was
Myrfa Mobamn:eJ, and was mounted on a molt excellent
ycrji.m 1 lorl'e. Almoll all the Ferlbns of Note of the Pro-
vince, and among tiie rcll the chief of tlie Evt^llJ/: Mer-
chants, tonduftcd liim to his Palace. Immcdnitely after
the F.lVab'.ifhment or the new A';;j.W; Chief, the Fai^tois
and Mertli.r-:t3 returned to tl; .ir rcfpLclive i'laces of Kcfi-
depce, and th" two Lni^.'ifi Ships then in Flarbour there,
called the M-'iy and the S.cv:, were ordered to difpul'c
every thing for their Voyage, the latter being to fnl ten
Davs before the other, and to expedt our coming at tiie Ca/v
ef Gc'O.l Hope.

But before we take our lad Farcwel o[ Sural, it will be
rcquifite we ihould dilchaige ourfelves of our I'romile ot
giving you f )ine Account ot the Province of Guziiral, m
,\u. '• It lies. The Occafion of the Kingdom of Guz.irat
Iriii; tiiiporated with the Mogul's F.mpire, happened thus :
t:. .'J:..n, a F'avourite of Sultan Mohammed King of
G .' -v'ho died 1545, and conftituted Guardian to the
young King his Son, who wa. then not above eleven Years
of Age, finding liimlelf t;n>"al'y in this Station, by realbn
ot the Jraloiify of the cliict Lords ot the Kingdom againll
him, craved the Airiffuxe of /Icholiitr the then Great
Mogul, or F.mpcior of huijUtn, to maintain him in his
Dignity, offering tlie C ity of Jiii.i.iibiit to him as a Pledge
fur his Fidelity 1 the Mogul, wiiiing to accept of lb fair an
Opportunity, not only pollliil-d himfelf of /^wrt^/ij/ii;/, but
alio ol the whole Kingdom, carrying both the young King
and his (juardi.m aw.iy into Captivity. The King being
afterwards come to Age of Maturity, found means to make
his I'.leape, and to repaid tome I'art of his Dominions -, but
tlie Mogul was lb dole upon Ins Heels, that in lets than
a Twelve- month's Time he rhaled him thence, and the
K:ngol Giizarat, finding himlelt a I'ccond Time fallen into
an I'aicmy's Hanils, Irom wiiom he expected no good
'J'reatment, cut his own Throit.

Ever liner that time this Province is governed by a Sul-
tan or Viceroy, who h.is .\n ablblute .■\uthority here in ma-
n.iL^mg both the publick All'airs of the (Tovcrnmenr, ;is
well as all th^- Revenues tliereunto belonging, which are very
prcar, and formerly amounted to eighteen Millions ot (jold,
t'cfules the Culfoms of Byciiuhta and Brcdra, wlucii pro-
duced tigliteen hundred rlioulanei Cr;;wn.s fcr /inn-am, the
:dl arifing tor the moll p.ut out of the tliird Part of the
Arable Ijnds which belong to the King's Revenues,
v.'iich arc afiigned to the lioveraor tor ih:: iNlainteiianceof
acertain Botiy of Horl'e and loot, to bridle the Iidbliiice of
certain petty Princes inhabiting tlie Mountains, and to clear
the Highways from certain inlolent Ko])ber.s who illiie
Icrth out of tlie Woods in Troops of three or lour hun-
dred, and make the Ro.ids very unlafe. But as the Num-
Ivr ut Troops that are kept tluK falls very Ihort trom what
thiy ought to be, this, \sith the abloiute Dilpolal of Ju-
Ihce, which the Ciovernor is intrull;d with, givis Cuch an
Opportunity of amaliing prod.igunis \\ eaitli as is almoft in-
conceivable. I lis ordinary Reiidence is at Amudabai, and
his Court and Ivcjuipage lb Ipleiuliil when he appears in
iwiilk k, that k.ircc any Court in Chnjlaucm \% to be com-

NuMr. LU.

Deputy, has, however,
the i'nvilegc of giving Judgment in Affairs of lefs Mo-
ment, and It is he who direds the Brothel- houfes, and re-
ceives their Paxes -, for as they look upon Murder and

Adultery (efperially if committed with a Woman of Qua-
ity) as the grcateft Crimes, fo they not only allow,
5Ut alio piottiH Prollitutcs, and that with lb much Circum-
tion, that it is both without Danger and Blame that
pie frequent thofe Houfes. Having given you before
ort Account of thole Cities we palled through in our
rncy to and from . !gra, we will here alfo fay Ibmething

fpection, that it is both without Danger and Blame that
People frequent thofe Houfes. Having given you before

a fliorl " "■ ■

Journe

of the reft of the Cities belonging to this Province. Goga
is an open Place tliirty Leagues from Cambaya, fituated upon
the Gulph, where it is fo narrow, that it rather rcfembles
a River than an Inland Sea. It is chiefly inhabited by Ban-
jans ; the Portugucz: Ships keep there their Rendezvous, in
order to convey their Ships to Goa. Pattefaian and Man-
gn-'il, two large Towns, nine Leagues from Goza, are in-
habited by Calico- Wea%'crs ; the City of Diu lies upon the
Southern Frontiers of the Kingdom-, the Portugucze have
three confid.crable Forts there. The City of Bifantagart
co;;tains above twenty thoufand Houfes, and is confequendy
cnc of the biggeft of the whole Province. The Fertility of
the adj,icent Country in Rice, Wheat, Cotton, and Pa-
flures, and its Situation, which is in the Centre of the Pro-
vince, has railed it of late to what it is, it being formerly
but an inconliderable Village. 'I'heCity oi Pat tan was for-
merly one of the iriolt confiderable of thofe Parts, having
fix Leagues in Circumference, and encompaffed with a
good W all ot Free-Itonc, which is now decayed in many
i'laces.

Since the Trade of this Place has been dedroycd by a
certain kinti of Thieves, which lb infell the Roads there-
abouts, that the Merchants durll not venture their Perfons
and Commoilities thither. The Inhabitants live now, for
the moft part, by weaving Silk Stuffs, and Calicoes •, but
the lalt are very coarfe. The Governor has his Refidence
in a very nobie Cattle •, and in the very Centre of the City
is one of the moft fumptuous Mofques of all the F.att, the
Roof being fultained by one thoufand and fifty Pillars, moll
of Marble. Ctcytcfour is a fmall City garrifoned only by
a hundred and fifty Men for the Security of the Caravans,
fix Leagues trom Pailan, and twenty-two from Amadahat,
fituate upon the Banks of a fmall River. The Inhabitants
are B.rjans, who live on weaving of Calicoes, and
making of Cotton-yarn. Mjjlinu is an open PLace, but
maintains two hundred Horle Soldiers in an old ruined
Caltle, for the fate PalTage of the Caravans. Some Cali-
coes are tnr'.de here, the Country being very fertile in Cot-
ton. The three fmall Cities of Safari, Gatidiii, and Bal-
fara, are uiuler the Juritliction of Surat, the firft lying
fix Leagues, the fecoiid nine Leagues, and the third four-
fen Leagues thence, and all three not above two Leagues
Diitance fr<jm the Sea. Their 'I'rade is in coarle Cottons.,
which are made in great Qiiantities here : Tlie Country
thereabouts alii) affords great Plenty of Timber for tr.e
building both of Houfes and Ships.

20. The Defcendants from the ancient Inhabitants of
this Province are Itill Pagans, and are called, Unidou, or
hidyu. The Aldwnmedan Religion was firlt introduced
here by 'Tamerlane, and is lines cncrealed by the great
Concourle of Strangers of the liimc Religion ; tins Coun-
try iieing inhabited by Per/tans, Arah.-.ns, Jrmenians, and
and feveral other Nations ; but you leldom meet with any
Chitiefe or Jafaiefe here. As moll of the Mchammc.kns
here profels the fame Reli;:ion with the Paji.uts, lb their
Language is as current here as the Indian. The frduin
Mohammedans indeed adhere to the Opinion of Hcmhili mA
MaUki, whereas the A7/(«i admit of no other Hxpofi-
tions of the Alchoran but thofe (jf Iluy and IzuferJadiHi;
but they lioth, with the tamo Zeal, rejecl that of the
Turkijb Inter] icr.r Hamf. They arc generally of an

y I wive

^^:t:^ 1

lii i !

til* i

i *:'■■!' i'"

kit";'

766 T/jt' Remarks, Sj'r. <?/ John Albert dc Mandelfloc Hook I

flic mull be (uhjcd to fomc Infirmity. The Day for the

I iinfumnution of tlu- M.iiriatjf l)tiiiK tome, tk I'lr™,-
,1 i^^.i. i>i...;,c 1;, »«,.... I I I- ■■ '"n-iiu

olive or ye llowifh Complrxion, tlioiigh thofe to the North
arc not quite fo dark .is tlioli- living; more to the South.
The Men are commonly llronganii well made, wiiii large
Faces and black tycs. Tiu-y fliavc tlieir Me.uls .mil
Beai>ls excepting only t!ie Mujl.icloes, like the Pofuns \
ami tlic MoLimmeians. are claJ after the lame \V.iy, ex
cc] r liiat tliev j^Uat thi ir Tiirlians in .1 dificrent I-'afliion ;
and the hdcjlans wear tlic Opcnini; ol tlicir liarmcnts un-
der the Left-.irm \ whcieas the Pttfuins \M.ir it under the
Right. The former tie thnr Ciirdle before with the 1- iids
hanging down, ard the latter wind it fevcr.il Times round
the Waifi, and twill iIicImuIs witliin it: lo'hole tiny t.»lUn
their Daggers, wlii.h arc about a Ko.t li'i-'.',, Imo.uI to-
w.irv!j ti'.e Handle, and vtry narrow towauls the I'oint.
Some Swords time are worn hue, but tlic Soldiers ge-
nerally wear Cyrritar;!.

A; ilie Indian Horfes arc not very v.ikiable, aiiii yet very
fcnte, fo their Uxen aie frfquently iifrd inlhad ol them,
whi':h are as fwift as llorfi s, I have fecn whole l'>od;«of thele
Ox-'l roojKrs. 'I'li' ir \\'.)men aic fiioit, but well fliai'cd •,
they wear tluir 1 lair hanging ilown ovtr thrir .Shoulders
ami on their 1 leads a kind ol a Cap of l.iwn, interwoven
with (iold, the hm's of wliidi conic down ijiiite to their
Kiietv T.'ie nJur f"rt are very lum);t\iiMis in their Ap-
pard, have I'liidants ol i'eailsar.d Diiunor.di in :hcii l'..irs,
jiiil viiy line Ntikiatit ol I'eails, which m.ike ihe lairer
Show Diiin t!i(ir Nieks, whuh are <.t a biown Con>pltx-
ion. Tiiey Iinietinics alio wear K ngs in their Nolfrils.
Brcctiics aiid Diawirs art common tu both Sexes, ami are
generally inade of TalT.dy orCaikne, and that of futh a
I '.r:',!!! as i!.iy w( ulil cover all tlie Body W( re it not tor
I Ttam Strings that arc l.ii'cru-d to thtni, tli.u th>y ean
draw tli'.iii lugctlur in i'aats like Mens 15< <its, ihuiigh
al>jvc the Ham tiity he tlole to th^- Ikxly wi'hoiit any
Folds: t)ver thefe they wear their Shili', w.'iieh, howe-
ver, re.ith Kane to the Navil , and over thele again a
Peliki.at of Tatiatyor Calitor, bur fu tlnn tint you may
fee thio' it. Tiuii SKuo .ue tiat loaleJ and parrow to-
w.ird-. the Toe, and commonly <f red Sfaityhl .euiier. Tluir
Breallj a:Ki .Arms *s '^r ^s their l-.lUiws, arr bare, but
coveted with biactlcts. Wonun that value ilicir Ivepuia-
tion here, never appear abroai! with their laeis uncover-
ed; and tholrot' Qi^iahty fiarce ever go >Hit ol Doors.

The \V( ni< n ol the £,iiij.:nj are cl.iii att( i a <juite liitTe-
rcnt .Manner, l(.r tluy, as tluy ilon't Ihavi- tluir I lead-., lo
iliey iltin't wc.u their I fair very long -, rieiriu r do they lovt r
tlieir Kar«s but wear l'cnd..ints ant) very nth Jiweh, clpe-
ciaiiy in tlmr Lars. Black 'IVftii are a lipg>ilai Ornament
among till in, which is t!ie Kcali :i t.'uy call u'^ hurcffjn:,
in iHiil';! ::, Hcndiii, i.e. Ajxs. lliiy alld wcjr no
Breeches, Itiit, inP.ead ol tl.cni, a I'leie ol Silk, haihing
down to (Iseir 1 iami, over which tiiey put their Smoi ks,
arid ovir than ilicir uj ]<-r (jarinei.t':, wiuch arc lalUned
rounil their Waiil witli a kind ot (iitdle : Some of them
wear lir.all VVailKoats, the Sic; vrs of wluc li come no far-
thci ilu-. th'.- b.ajww, l)cing r..;kcd bom the Hrealt down
to the N.tvrl. Durinv; the Sumiiur lealoii their Slims
aie naieol Wccid, only tulbncd with Straps to their 1 eet;
but in the Wiiitt; liicy li.ive Shoes ot Velvet, IJrocade, or
gilt l/athcr, the (ji^iaiters of which arc very low, that
they may put tluni off and on wnli more Conveaiency j
when they arc go;ng in, or coming out of a R>.oni, the
lliwr ol winch is covered with I'apcllry. Ll.ilc'ren ol
Uth Sexes arr ki jit naked nil they ar- l.vt- Veais oM.
lor the rcll, the h>in).>ni live with a great de.il ol t'lrcum-
l|>c^tioii amon;.^ the Mthamnu-iani, who tfat them con-
temptibly, ami miiih alter the lanic Mann.r as the Jcjn
Mr k^ikcd UjKM) with i.s, n i:iulc Places whete thiy aic
lofiVred to live. Noisvithllaiuiu u vhitli tl.: y are more
inj'.enioii' an ! iratiy than the NLhii:umiii..K\ whuh i-, the
Kctic;;! I <.ih the l:iig..jh and Duuh employ them a', their
Hrokers, it lxi;ig next to an Impoli.i.iluy tint .i;.y Stranger
llioiild lie aiile to lind out ail their Inipoftu.-c . without the
All'.da:.:e of f ,;)ic ol their own f lang.

I heir Childtcn, elpreially their l>au<','itr-rs, they marry
at levrn, eif.''it, r.iiic, (;r ten Yiais ot Age, it ln;:)g very
tare that tlir_, ll.iy till ilir twelltlu tor as tl." /;;..';jnj ar-
tivc liMjiicr ii Maturity tiun other Nations, they are ot
Opinion, t:.«t li a Ma;d \\j.j\ any Inn:: beyond that Age,

01 iKith I'arties lit round a gotxl I'ire in a fpaeiom Kocn
ti.e Bride and Biidegroom take three Turns about th. m'
whilll the Braman gives them his Benediction. U a /jj,,.'
jan Bridegroom liap|\ns to die bclorc h.' has taken in"
three Turns thus, the Biide may challenge the I'rivilci-, oi
marrying anotlur, the Widows of the liJ^^jMixm^i^,
allowed a liroiul Marriage upon any Auount, tLou-'i
then I hdbands flioukl charce to die before the t.uiiUim-
mation of the Marri.ige : So that thole who cannot liii'
penlc with a tingle l.ilr, iir.H.i.uc thcmUves u the
Women- naiieeis. Tiie /<d,v/(» Woiiui) are not ohlimj
to burn themfelves with iheir dead Ihllhae^ls (i^[,\i-
Wives of the litiiiiuws and Rajlfiuu are) unicii, d, ,.
Will i!o it voluntaiily. 'The Men are jvnnitted not oi.i!
to marry a lecond or third 'Time, but may luve two er
three Wives at at J ime, proviikd the tirll ur fctond piovc
barren; but tlie liill challenges, and retains the hece-
dcncy. The Sons only inherit the l-'ather's h.llatcs, t.ut
are to maintain the Motlier, and are to provide 1 luihaiiUs
lor the Sillen. As they Ulc neither Bapiilin or (. ircuinci-
fion, they mud k' numlicrcd among tlie P.i^uks : And
thougti tney acknowleilge one liiprcmc Bei.ni;, i,',e Crc-
atcjt .md I'reltrrver ol all Things, yet they pay wurlhip to
the Uevil, tor this Realon, betaiile tlut tjod liav;;." eoii-
Itituted him to govern tiie World, he ouf^lit to be an-
]>caled by UiVeiings.

'J he bigure under wliich they adeirc Inm, is to be fecn
in all ilieir i'agodxs or 'iVmpks, loiiie ol tu-ld and Sil-
ver, tome ot Ivory, Td)oiiy, and Marble, and others 0;
WiAKl.or common Stone. 'The ihA^\, svhieh \u^ ti.ur
I li rns, btliii(sa'Triple->iuwn in the Shape ol a Crown, ur
Mure, with a j^rim (.ountenance, aiiil two great 1 ei-Ii
coming out ol the Mouth, like the Tulks ot a WildBo.ii,
and a great rougii B.ard ail over the Lhin. iho
Arms hang down caieltlly on Ixith Sides, a-ul the Brcaiis
arc cxtu.dcd as low as the N.ivel, under which, betwixc
iii) Thijdis, you lee another Head, with two Tlorr.sn.orc
delouiud than the tirti, thrulluiij out ot the Moiitli a
very iip,!y L.ige Toi.gue : 1 he I'eit are like I'aws of ra-
venoir, Creatures, and beliind a Low's Tail. 'This Static
is always lixeil upon a Stonc-tablr, which is the .Mtar
where the Oft'erings urc n ^^Iv to the IJol. On the Kiglit-
lide ol it Hands .1 ^. nlcrii, in v. Inch ihule th.it come to li-
entice purity tlunileisTs t..torcli.md ; and on the TxU-
hand a Chcll, into svhicli tiiey put their Uitaiiigs, winch
are always made in Money. Ihere ij anotlier \ ellcl not
far from the Cilfern, out of which the Hi an, an, or Triell,
lakes a certain yc l.'ww Mixture, iiiadi; ot Water anii Sjr,-
dal-wood, and theieiMih in.nks the Foii luausot liie.i as
have jx-rlormeel tli( ir I)i votion~. 1 1.e Bianian's oniiwry
I'l.iet IS at t!ic 1-oot ot tlie Altar, but he riles troni tlienes
frequently to lay his i'i..yeis, and l>ctore he goes away,
he is lure to purity his 1 lands, by rubliing tiiein over in
the Mame ol thel.iirps, whuh are pi.iced iK'toto an^l
aUiut tiie .ViMr, and tiiriiifli their I'agodas with l.ight,
and (onlcqiKiitly are kept contnually burninj:, being i;,r
chiefcd, it not the only OriMirients ot thele Temiucs,
which l;>ok more like Cavrs ai..l H'l'S ot Darknels than
Place , ol Devotion, there bung mthing to bi" leeii oa
the Wails nt them but tin' l-iiuiesof 15ealls and IXvils:
Notwitiillanding wlmh tlule pour Wretches jjay their De-
votions with rnoie U'liicct and Zeal than is onlerved 111
niotl Chriliia:! Churches.

'1 hey are iike the Mohammedans, much addided to cor-
poral I'ur.ticatioi's, which they Icl um lail to uleivery
Murn.ng bciore Suniiliiig. I h- Bramaiis deduce ihi'ir
Oii|.'iiial iiumuliately from th'ii (joiI Urania, ai:d l.iy that
thiy arc th I'luluei ol I, is I bad, whereas the niUmie
out ol his Thighs, Feet, and other more ij'.noble I'lr^-
Mr. .lir.tham fio^ers, who lived ten Years in tlie Ihuh
Service, on the t oall < f l.itrcittanJtl, I'.iy?, that the- /)>•'-
v.a/i! acknowledged tor taeii liu-reme doii, one // ;;i.v/, er
J■.!•u\^ra, and that out ol ins .Navel Iprung torth a |-,' wer
(ailed 'rumura, whuh piodueed Jinria i ihc tirll ot all
M. ; who hail I'ower given mm, ? .t only to create i.k
WoiKI, but alio to tatie what Oru. randi.ov.rnmrnths
ihou-ht belt. '1 |,.-y h:tt]Kr lay, th.it this i^M.-.w, bcu:

Chap. II. through J ever al Countries of the INDIES.

iity. Tlic Day for thf
K-ing tonu', tk- I'arL'nti
ire Ml a Ipaiiom Roctn,
iti'c Turns about K\\<.w\
BciiciliCtiDi). 11 a &;,!
Ktorc \v has takin In,
iullcni^i ilicl'rivihyoi
f tlic lid':yim ixnij; iiut
1 any Aitouiit, tl.ou^'li
ilic Ik tore the l.uiikim-
: ihoic who cannot liif-
laie tl.ciiiUvcs to the
^VoiiK;i arc not obligcj
iliad 1 lulhai.ils (oi Uu:
//-■/■cu.'j arc) uiildb ih.y
are prrmittal nut only
, but may have two (.r
, tlic lirlt or Iccond piovc
, and retains tlie I'rtce-
he I'athcr's Kllatcs, Iju:
are to provulc j liilhanUs
icr Baptirm or t. ircunici-
mong \\\K P.:iir.i : And
iiprcmc Hcins^, ti.c Lrc-
, yet thiy [uy worllnp to
lie that Cioil havi,".^ uon-
jrld, lie ou{jht to be a;)-

adore him, is to be Icen
li)n;e ot Cn.lil and bil-
.i Marble, and others o;
; Ileal!, winch has t»ur
iliL Shape <il a Crown, ut
:e, aiul two great 1 ttt!i
he 'lulLs ot a WiKlBoai,
over the thin. Tho
th Sulci, a-ul the Brcaiis
el, iiiuler which, betwixt
ad, with two Horns more
:irii; Dili ct the Mumh a
I'cct are like I'aws ol ra-
Low's lad. 'llUi Static
table, which is the Alur
1 the Idol. (Jn the Kight-
iich tliuie that tome to U-
hand ; ami on the L-e't-
j)Ut tluir Uli'ciiniis, which
Ihtic ii another \ elVcl net
ich the I'll an.an. or I'ticll,
iiiadi; ot Water aiv; Sar.-
;s the Forelnaosot tiic.i ^
liic Biaman'sordnary
i, but lie rilts troni thincs
and IxTtore he goes away,
, by rul)ii;!ig tiiciii over in
iich are jii.ieed iK'tote ar^i
their I'aftodas with l.ight,
tiniially burning, being i.-.f
.iiiicnts ot thde 'lemi'ifs,
I..; II :s ot Darknelithan
!ig M.tliinf; to be leen o:i
.lurs lit llcalts and Dtvils ;
„'ji.r Wretches pay iluirDi:-
nd Zeal than b oiilervcd m

dMS, much ailJiiftfd to rer-
ey Iti nil) lad to uirivay

1 h ■ bratiians I'.cdun- lh.:r
•u Cod Brama, ar.d lay tli^n
le.id, whereas the re ll came

othi-r more ii'.nciblc I'.'.rt'-
veil ten Years in tlie Ih'-ib
.mamUl, I'.iys 'I'--" '','" ^•'■'''
ubrcilR- <>iaI. one //■'//«/, it
Navel lprun{5 torth a lliwr
,-, ' J,n:-iJi (h.- I:rl'. '^1 i'-'
,„m, t ,,c only 10 . rrate ii^
,r t)r.i. r.iiidi.MV^rnnicntlie
l.y, that i\n. Br.ma, bcif

God's Vicegerent, Iiasdianbuted the Adminif^rationortilc
Univerfe amony eight Lieutenants, the chief of whom
they fliie Dtiuendra, and lay he commands all the rell of
tlic Ciovcrnors, who govern eight dilUntt Worlds, fuch
as ours arc, all which they arc ot Opinion fwiin upon the
Surface of the Water like lb many l.gg^.

'Ihey fay farther, that there have been divers Worlds
before that which is now in being, and others will be after
itv though, they tell us, that the World wc live in, is
to continue a Million of Ages, finec that in the Year
j6yj, there were no more than 47^9 Years of the iourth
A;j,e of the World elapled •, and that the lirll Age had
lalled 17:90 Years, That in the lirll age of the World
all Men were juft and good to liich a Degree, that
the Devil, who was then created, had no Power to injure
tJKin i that in the next tollowing Age, the fourth I'art of
M.inkind became depraved •, that in the third there was an
ic]ual Mixture of good and b.id ; and that in this lalt Age
of the World, the Number of the good amount only to one
fourthof the whole. Hut let this lullice concerning the The-
ology of tliele Pagans; wc will only add, here, that thefir^r-
nums havi I v their Aulkrity of Lile.iiul Ablhiieiice, gained
a great Aft lant over the Pa^mis, who look upon their Ex-
poliiions of the Mylleries <if their l<cli;(ion as fo many lir-
cred Or.ules ; for which Ueafon alio, generally, they entrull
them with tin; Kducation of their children. They are
diihnguinied t'.om the other Banj^.m by 3 peculiar kind of
LinnenCoiluire ; belides that, they never cut their i lair, and
wear tliree Stiings ot I'atkthread next their Skinr. coming
from their Shoulders crol's their Breall to the Wailt \ and
and as this is the Badge ot tlicir Order, lb they never lay
it iifidc : They believe the Immort.ihty of the S'oul, and
its Tranfmigration Irom the Bodies of Men into thole of
Beads, before they can be rapakle of the J-'.ni lyiiiciit of
the Bleflings of the other World 1 tor which Kiafoii it is
that the Bunjiins will not idlow the killing of any living
Creatures, even down to the Infects ; and they are l(j care-
ful in this Point, that they will not keep any I'ire, or
liglucd Candles in the Night-time, tor fear the Mies fliould
burn thcmlelvcs •, aiai when ihey do at other Times, they
make it in Pits under Ground, 'i'heir charitable inclina-
tions to all living Creatures are lb great, that they redeem
fuch Birds as are cached by the Mviammedans^ui be killed j
nay, they have certain 1 lofpitals appointed tof lick and
wounded Birds.

Among the MtLbars thefe Bramaus are in fuch Vene-
ration, that they have the I'lilltiuits ot all the Brides,
and by the richer Sort are inviteil to perform this lafk
with very coniiderable Pretcnts i nay, there is fcarce any
body of Note there, when he is to be abfent from Home
for any Time, but recommends his Family, el'pecially his
Wife, to the Care of a Brnman, to lupply liis Pl.ice.

The Banjanj are accoimted to have thirty-eight princi-
pal Calls among them, not to fpiak here of the lelTer
cnes, wiiich are not to be numliered ; they have four ge-
neral Sects, uni'.ir which all the rell are included, z-iz.
thole of CcutiKua.'b, Siiiiun\k />, BipiaiVy and Gai[i^(iy. Thofe
of the iirll Sett aie veiy piecile in the Prclervation of
living Creatures, tor which realoii their Briimtins have their
Mouths covered with a Piece ol Calune, for tcir any In-
fect Ihould get into and pt rilh in their Moi'.ilis ; tliey liir
the fame realbn tweep tiieir Uooms cimtinualiy, and will
not fit down belore they have looked, for fear of fitting
Ujion them; neither do they keep any Fire or Candle in
th.ir Houlis. Ihey are dillmguillied Irom the others by
a white Staff tiuy cany in ihcir I laiuls, .md walk always
bare-luaded and bare-tooted. Their Cloathirg is only a
Piece ol Cahcoe coming down t'lom the Wailt to the
Knee, the upper I'ait ot then Bodies being covered only
With a woollen Cloth. They lUm't believe an infinite Be-
'iig as the rell do, but artuimte the !■ vents ot al! Things
to Chance, and know of no orlier good Deeds but ball-
ing and (.iiviiii', of Alms. In Coiil. queiice ot this Opi-
nion, they acknowledge in he Sun, Moon, Star.s, the
Luth, 111 all Creatures, n.iy, in live'., and in Met.ils, and all
vilible Things t''^ inheient Caulcs ot their Proihic'lion.
liiey allow two Suns, and as many Mikmis, which diey
lay relieve ladi other altcrn.itely every Day. They be-
lieve nothing ot 1 kavrii, or any Maulion ul the Bktred,

767

tho' at the fame Time, they acknowledge tlie Immorta-
lity ot the Soul, and its Tranfmigration, which they hv
does, after the Separation from the firft Body, bo in-
to another, either of Man or BeaR, accordin.;; to the Be-
haviour ot the Deccafed in this World ; they fay it alway.
makes Choice of a Female that it may return into the
World, though in another Body. Their Temples arc all
toiir-fqiare, with flat Roofs open to the F.aft-fidc, under
which are the Chapels of their P.i-ods, or Idol.;, raifcd ten
Feet from the Ground, in the Form of a Pyramid, with Stairs
leading up to them, on which you fee certain Figures of
Wood, Stone, or Paper, reprefentingtbme Perfons among
them who have rendered themfelves famous by their ex-
traordinary good i-ortune. The chietetl Time of their
Devotion is in Jugiifl, when they mortify themlclves, efpe-
nally by Abftinence to liich a Degree as would pafs foi fa-
bulous, were it not that even their profelTed Enemies in the
Jiniies have unanimoufly I ornTcllimony to the Truth of it,
that fome have been known for the Space of fifteen or twenty-
one Days, nay, fome tof a Month, or fix Weeks, not to take
any other Nourifliment than Water mix'd with the Shaving
of a certain bitter Wood. In this Month they have their
general AlFemblies in ur Temples, wluin-r tliey retort
to hear the Braman, who fits in the Center of ttic.-. and
reads certain Legends of the Lives of their Saints. Im-
mediately after they come into the Temple tluy put their
OiFerings of Money into a copper Bafon, placed there for
that Purpole, in return of which the Braman bcflows up-
on them the yellow Mark, cither on their Foreheads, or
Cloaths : Whillt they are hearkening to the Braman they
are entertained with Mufick.

It any aged Perlbn dies, they burn the Carcafs, but
Children which die before they come to three Years of Age
are buried. I'hcir Wives arc not obliged to burn them-
lelvs with their deccaled Mufbands but mult live in per-
petual Widc-whood, and there is none belonging to this
Stdl, but what is capable of being received into Prieil-.
hood, to reach which he has no more to do, than to change
his Flabit, vowChallity, and follow the fame Aullerity of
Lile pref'tribed to their Order. Women are not even ex-
cluded from this Func'tion, but they muft be above twenty
Years of Age, whereas Males may come in at feven, eight,
or nine Years of Age ; nay, if either of the married Cou-
ple embraces Pricllhood, the other is engaged to Celibacy
tor Life. Some of them make a Vow of Chaftity in Mar-
riage, but this is not lb well kept as made. This Sed is
an Abomin.ation to the other Banjans, to flich a Degree,
that they will not eat, drink, or converfe with them :
Nay, if they happen to touch them, they are obliged to
a very ftrid Pennancc.

The tecond Sort among the Bi:r:jj>ns, which confifls for
the moft Part in Locklhiiths, Fariiers, Carpenters, Tay-
lors, and molt other Ions of handicraft Men, as alto fome
Soldiers, Officers, and Clerks, have Itarceany thing in com-
mon with the hill, except that they allow not the killing
and eating of any living Creature, Inilievii.g for the reft,
that the Univerle owes its Origin to a firft Caufe, which
alio preferves it by certain ami iinchan^',eable Rules. They
give the Name of Pcrmificr to this fupremc ruling, and
atlirm, that it governs the World by three Deputies ; the
firll tiiey call Brama, and attribute to him the Manage-
ment of Souls, according to the Direction of Permifecr,
in on'.iT to their Tranfmigration into the Body of Men,
or Bcafts. The fecond named Bujjiuna, is appointed to
inltruct the World in their Duty to God, and manages the
Wheat, Herbs, and Pull'e, in the Fields and Gardens.
The third called Akis, is the chief Man.iger of the Dead,
being Permifecr^ Secretary, who after having taking an
Account ot the good antl bad AcHions of the Deceafed,
makes a report of it to his Mailer, who, .according to
every one's Deferts, fends the Soul into the Bodies of cer-
tain Beafts, where they mult do more or lefs Pennance,
before they can be puniied fiom their Sins. In this kincl
they look upon the Cow .is one ot the bell, having Ibme
thing divine in it above ail the reli. They burn the dead
Bodies of their Friends, except thofc of their Children
under three Years ot Age, whom they bu^ near fome Ri-
ver, or Brook, none of the hulian Women accompany-
ing their Hufbauds with lo much Cheartuhicls in their

- J ii ■ >

' ::':ll \

Sc 'i

I, ' .'

1 '

^'^

768

■^r

n: 4

[i'.:.

h;ri:>

i w:

TZr UiMARiiS, £rf^(. o/ Jolin Albeit dc Mandcllloc Book I.

Mr n tranrmicratc p^irtinil.irly into Birds. Tlin, Wldo-v^
obligta to I'um thnnlcivrs, unlds tliciorlrary Ix- nruvi le.)
for in tlw M ufMirc Contract •, tor the rrll, th.v arc nm , •

l.ill Jmii iir\-, A-. tlK'.V 1 I the Scc'^t ot' Snmoraib -, ("or ai tliry
are perliiiilcJ, tiiat dull as ii;f with thur Hiidiaiuls ihall
live with them in t!"' other Woil.l li-vcn tinirsas lonp;, ami
rn'yy with tiini liviti iinu* nioii- rieahire there, tliry ar--
(o f.Mul of k) pl(:if.!i;! .1 Bleniii^;, ot which iluy liavc lb
ilcniicr a ^^hatt• i;i th.^ WorlJ, that thry arc ruuly to
latri:ii-c their l.ms :n order toattani it.

'1 he Sti't ot' B;l>ieu- a[;refs witli the two jTecciiir;^ in
this i'oint, that thry (io not tciti upon any thin^ that iiith
l.it'e, 'I hry ate ailo nn.-rh adihi'tcd to AMlincni y, ami
keep their general AlVcniMies in their rciiiplts u\ .iuj^ul,
where ihey li"}^ •''"■il dance to a Confort ol Miifick, ton-
lillini; ot l)rums l'ij>fs and Copper liaUjns Intcre tlirir
I'agod called Ramram^ lint;in;; I lymns in J.is I'laife.
Thcv reprclent inm with his Witc in Statues, adorned on
their l-(iiivais with Gold Chains ami Collars ut I'eari and
precious Stones with iiviny l.imps and liithtrd Wax Can-
dles lirforc thciii. Tins l>Oit aits without any Deputies •,
thty Iced viix)n nothing but 1 lerhs, I'lille, I-reni-Duttrr,
Miik and Curds, and are great Adniirers ol a I'u kle made
ot Cimmr, Mani;oe>, Citron'^, darhck, and MuHaid-lied •,
and thrir Drink i» Water. None hut Womm or I'ritlh
drdi their Meats, and ufe lloilc diinrj nuxeil with Straw,
and nuile up intii akindot I'uil iiilKadot WoikI, foi tear
fume liiiall Worm'-, or other InleCts, llii)iild Ik l>urnt with
it. Moll of this Sci't arc Merchants l-adois or Brokers.
Thev have this Cutlom peculiar to themtelves, that they
will not (x-rinit tlitir Widows to hurn thenirelv(s with tht ir
tiecealevi H.ill'aruls hut oblif^- them to continue Wiilows.
Not nuny Year.sa^o the youni;er Brothers amon[^ them wen:
oi)li''cd to marry ttuir elder Uiothcr's Widows, to lailt up
Seed to him •, Kit th« is now aKmlhed.

They commonly walli themlelves every Morniin; in fomc
Cirtern, or a Kivir, it any be neai them, where tlv.y wallow
and i«:"i n i:, wliilll the Ur.unan, who Hands hard by,
mutters out cirta.n \N ' rds, and imparts to tl em his IJene-
diciiiin, and at their rominj; out |;ives them the Maik in
their l-orehea.'s, or m Ibmc othir I'lacc ; tor which he is
paid with Wheat, Kice, or I'ullc. 1 hole l)clc'nL;in;', to
the ScL't of (.:r(fh are a kir.d ol I lermits, neglecting; all
piiblak or pr.vate Ati.urs and dwejlmg in I'oht.iry Places,
and ruined Houi«s or WcxkIs, lliun ttie ConverlatifiO ot"
others-, they worlhip a dod wiium they call iirun;, and his
Seivant M(cts -, but have no [urticular reiiiples, or any
other pvibhck Ad'embhes to peilortn tluir Divotions in.
As thev arc Ijibi'.id.en to have aiiy I'lillellioni of their own,
fo they have nothii.j; but a I'lcce tit Cahcoc to cover t!i( ir
Privities ; thry never lix'ak to ar.y Ixxly, or will give .m
Anlwcr to any, or alk lor any tiiinj;, though they were in
the utmoll Ixtremity, but w.Ii take what is given them ;
they rub their Bodies all over with Alhes, a;,d efpecially
their I laii, which nukes them iixik very ihangtly. 'ihey
are in great Veneration among ail the other iSanjMS, cxtej)t
the Sect ot Coura'xnih, who al'hor them.

They Ulieve that their (jot! is the Creator of all things,
wluf h he p.itUrvi-^ by his own miir.ite I'ower, tiy which he
is able to reduce all to nothing ; that he is not to \x dc-
firibe.l u;'.deT any Shape, being a Light, whii h, as it is the
Ciaulc ot the Sun, his Hnghtnels is not to lie lei n by (;ur
l-.y, s. They diti'er from all the other Banjatu in thi« ; that
they don't Ulicve the Tranl«ni(;,ration ot .'vnils •, but that
t!)ev are imnvdiateiy, after tl-.ey have Ktt their B(Kiir5,
transttrred to Ciud, and united to that mtinite I .ight. 'I'hey
are Io firii't Adhcrets to their Rules, tlut tliey admit no
MihinjmcdJns into their Ste't, or r- admit lueh of their own
as have been I'rilonCTi among tin MoJ\immed.iiii and Clri-
_/i;<iitJ,and have laten Meat witliinu aiii<il\ leveie I'enname,
wl ich 1*^. to lat t(.r lix Months together Cow-ilung mixed
ainoe.git thrir ViLtiials. Nothi:.;; lan Ix- conceived more
lup-rHitious th.t;i the Banjam in general-, they never llir
cut Utoie they have paid their Devotions, and it in going
out ol tiieir Houles th< y meet wnh any thing whith they
liKiI; uj-e.n as omir.oiis, they return, ai.,1 undertake iiotlain;
tuit I'T that Day.

1 he Kivhpcoii are by foine ret koned among the Num-
Nr ot h-ijuni, who allow them a I'lace with iluAc of the
.Sect ot i imui.itl', a'. Iielievmg the I ranliiiigration «)f the
;»oii!s; Iv-lirlei leverai other tilings altirmed .iiid. miiiitained
by that Sri.-., till y ore tuuhci ot opinion, that the bguliof

that iffervt

hor the Kfliifion o| IJIooi

remper .IS moll of the /},;;.;,,,„; ^n; who ah-

. even of tlut ot irrational Crea-
tures i whercis thele live ujum Rapine, cat l-lefh anl
addicl themli-lves altogether to warlike L;xerciles •, and ai
they are a daring (ieneiation, Io they are cnii.loyed l,y the
Moi'iil m his Armies. Some Comp.iHion they have for
Hinb, which they will teed and clutilh. They, like othtr
ll.wj.ini, marry their Children very young, which, as I
liav,- menrioned Iwfore, picHeeds from hf-ncc ; that the
hiJi^tij ot U)t!i S xes rome lixiner to Feiteaion in this rc-
tj>etl th.m any other Nation in the World. There is be-
(idis tiielc another liirt of Paxiins in G«2«rj/ called /V/;j
dricended from the Ptr/uns oi /".Jn and C/iv-rj/m/wlV.

hit their native Countries in the fi-venth Century, to avoid
the IVrleciition ot the MshammtiUns. They dwell tor the
molt part along the Sea CoaO, .i.id live upon plaiuin" of
'loh.rno, andiiiakingof Armckor AquavitiroutofTedTiy-
though many of th^m addict themt'eives alio to I'r.uie!
'Ihey l)elieve one dod, the Cre.itor and I'rekivcr of the
rmvirte, who acts by his own I'ower, bur has conimittrd
the Adminillration thereof to his leven .Seivants, whom
they reprelint thus: 1 he firll \umn\ IhmnfJa, h.as tht
fiovernnn-nt of Men ; the (econd called Bahm.w, the So-
vereignty over all Beads and living C rciurcs -, the third
y/rJa/'iijh, takes rare ot the lire -, the fourtfi nameil Sary-
',v.ir, h.is the Charge of Metals ; the Htth, wlioli- Namc'ij
liphiiHJn-y t.ikes care of the i-'.arth, as Auivatnkth the
lixth.doth of theWattr i and the leventh called Ammadjib,
liath the I'recedency over I-'riiit-trccs, Herbs, and Piilie'
yet under ( i<KiM)ire^tion, unto whom they arc .itcountaU:
lor their 'I'ranl.Kitions.

Belides thele liven \ le.id Servants, Go<!, fay they, makes
ufe of twenty-lix others, each of which has his peculiai
1-iinetion alligiud liitn. The Bulinefs of the hril is, d
take i'oHeirion of the Soul immediately after its Departure
out of th" Bo<ly, which he carries before two Judges called
Mfer litlui and Sarcs, who taking care to have the good
and evil Works put into two Scales, pronounce Sentence
according to their Weight, and deliver tiie Soul up eith-.r
to the good Angels to be carried into I'arSdile, or to the
evil .Spirits to drag them to Hell, where they are to be tor-
mented to the I-nd ot the World, which, according to their
Opinion, will lic renewed in one thouiand Years. The
lourth, called B.'ram, h.is the Adminillration of all military
Ati'airs. Tlie fifth, Carrafiuia, is the Sun. The lixth,
^ui.i, the Water. 'Ilie leventh, //./t, inan.igi s the l-'ire.
'I'hr eighth, Mol.o, is the Mixjn. Th" ninth, funi, or
Ratn. The tenth, named du, h.is the Management of
Cattle. The eleventh, liirwarify, the CuftcKly ui the .Souls
in Paradife. The twelth, jiram, im|xirt-, Joy or .Sadnel'sf)
Mankind. The thirteenth, Cluadii, is the heavi Man.ig'-r of
the Winds. Dien, the fourte-nth, is he who is to inttruft
antl to infufe into Mankiml th<- I-iw (jf (iixi. The
tiiteenth, Jpirfnnub, is the Givi r ot Riches, as JjIjH,
the fixteenth, h.is the Dil'jxjfal ot rnderllamlnig and Me-
mory. 1 he Seventeenth, calleil Ajjamant, is chief Preli-
dent of Commerce ; antl Gami^ai, the eighteenth, has
the (jovernment of the I'-itth. 'Ihe nineteenth, cai'e.l
Alarrifpait, is Gotxlnef^ irlelt'. And the twentieth, named
yimura, the Manager of ready Money. The twenty-tir!^,
called Hcftn, has the Management ot Generation ot Men,
C.ittit- and Fruits. The twenty-lecond and twenty-tliirJ,
tailed DiiHii and Ikrfi; are looked upon as two (ien;: ap-
jMiinted to watch all Men ; and the three remaining, wr.
Drpladr-r, Dcflttner, and Dfpi.iden, .ire (kkI's eoidhnt
Attendants, who employs tliem in what Afluirs he pleahs
without Dilbnction. As the I'urjii are ol upin.in, tlut
(i(Kl has left the Adminillration ot the rel'p">Uve Al''t rsm
u-lation to their .Stati.jn to their DilJHilals, tey adore rhcin
in calc ol Necellity. 'J'/ieir Teachers ate in mueli W:ie-
ration among them, fume of whom engage thvnilirlves la
Trathck and other l-lmployments.

They have no niibluk Phtces of Devotii;:), but perform
the lame in their I Imiles fitting without any .Moiion ui
their Bovii.-s. Tiny ftave no peculiar Dayj let alide tor
their rdiaious Worlhip, Ci-cep't thaiihc. ol.- .rvc pirocu-

larly

Chap. II. through fcveral Countries of //j^ I N D I E S.

irly t!ic firfl: .intl twentieth Day of the Moon. Each of they eat of all forts < T Rcafts, except tlie Ox :
l,,ir MoiuIh confilhiig of tliiity Days, they ai!il five They apply themfelvcs for the molt Part to t

769

Days to the lall Month to make up tin: Year three hundred
.u\l lixty-tive Days. Their TcacliLTs ari- not (lidinguKhed
troni tlic rtll i)y tiicir Habit, wiiiili tluy have iu eonimon
witii the Parfi's, ami the other Ii.haliit mtsof rlic Country
brim; known only by a certain twiUu! iinlle of Wool, or
Oiiul's Hair, which comes twi". 1, ,(| the Waift, anel
i; s with two Knots beliinil j this bci..[; the certain lUi:!;e

and Cow.'
,,.... he Wars,

rhc Jenlives deduce their Origin out of the Kingdom of
Colconda, being a fort of poor itjnorant Wretciivs, who
pin their whole Faith upon the Sleeves of their Dramans.
I'iieir Bthef is, that oriynally there was but one Godi
but as in Procefs of Time Men defcrved well of him by
their great Aelions, he tommunicated to the belt of them
fomc Share of his Power : Thefe are their chief Saints

(heir Ke'igioii. and fo ellential to tl'eni, that he who whom they wordiip in their Temples.
!,,|,5 it muft not either tat or dvinl., or lln Irum the Pl.i ;e There is another fort of Peopl.- here called Theers^ be-

fr I'agai's, living without iiiy

where he is before he has Iwnight an-n'ier Iroiii t!ie Pri. ll.
Ine Women alfo are allowid to wiai thi iv ilter iiic twiltih
Year of Age. They live very meai.ly m liitle dar'» 1 loules,
riiorly furniilied, anil alTcc'l nuii.h to live near one another.
lliey have the Lilnirty of chooling two ot tin: nv.:\\ eon-
li.iitable Ptrfuns of tiic Nation lor their Juili^e;;. Fire is
\[i laered a thing among tliem, tli.'t v.^xy wo'.l.l not extin-
i;uilli it with Water, though the J fmle wif ni I'l.'ui.s,
Lul.inL' upon it as iJu: niijll lively Rcprereutaiion tan be
iii.i.!e of the Divine Light ; for v/iiieh U lUm it is, tha
thiy will rather fmothir their I'm: w.t.'i LUrih, notiiing
til!;;.'; more

irkfome to tlieiii tiian ro f e tiuir Fire cxtin-

i;iiillH<l at any tune. Tluy early cni .!;,>; tlie'r ChilJren in
VuJlof!;. •, but the Marri.i;',e is feK' jui coiifummateii f.U
tl,:' fiUeeiitli (.i' fixtcci ''i Years of llui.' Aj;:-, and in the
n.Kin time thiy aic com tted to tin Care ol their rtfpet-
iive parents. As they li.ok '., on Ailuliery and F'ornica-
tiun as tlie moll heinous Cues in Nature, I'l they allow
tliiir Widows to marry a feiond time to prevent i ,-m.

'I'hiy are very parriailar .11 their Burials -, tor I'.' '0011 as
the Patient is givi n over, t!uy lay liini ujicn a littic Bed of
geen Turf, where lie yiek! .ip the (iln l!, v.hieh r.o
looncr hapiicns, than live or iix (irave-niakers come, take
iiiMi from the Bank of Turfs, put a Slirouil about him, and
hy iiim upon an Iron Grate made like a Bier, and fo tarry
liini to their Burying-place, a Lca[^;ue without the City,
wiiich is diviutd by a Wall into three Parts, riz. one lor
the Men, the fecond for the Women, and the third for the
Children. Over their Graves are laid Iron Bars like Grates,
upon which thry leave the Corps till the Birds have eaten
all the Flelh, anil the Bones drop into the Grave under-
neath. The Friends accompany the Corps till they come

ing neither Mohammedans

Keligion ; their Employment king the cleanfing of Well?^
Sini;s, Common- fewers, and the fleaing of dc..d Bealls,
whofe F'lelh they eat. They are alfo frequently employed
as Isxccutiontrs, which is the reafon they are r voided by
all other hidiaiti, for fear of being defiled by their, and
arc not permitted to live any wliere but in the Suburbs.
As the Religion of the Mohammedan Indojlans, fome tew
Points excepted, approaches very near to that of iheTi/rjIri and
Perfians, we will not enlarge here ujion that Head, but
will proceed to give you fome Account of the manner of
Life of thefe Mohammedan Indians, forafmuch as the
fame is very dilferent both from the Turks and Perftans.
To begin with their Marriage Ceremonies, they are per-
formed thus i On the Day appointed for the Wedding,
the Bridcgrooni mounted on a Florle, whofe Main and
Crupper are adorned with Flowers, and a Net over his
Head, rides from his Houfe accompanied by his Friends
and Kindred, with a Concert of Mufick before him, and cer-
tain Fellows aie appointed to call Squibs and Crackers to the
Bride's 1 loule, wiitre having given her the Diverlion of Mu-
fick, and Fire-woiks lor halt an Hour, he difmcunts, and
fits iiii.ifi.lf down in the Houfe upon Tapefiry, laid upon
the F loor for that Purpofe \ foon after the Bride, witii her
Friend the MolUi and Kadi, or Judge of the Place, come in.
The Molla having rc.^.d certain Pairagc:; ^ut of tlie Alcho-
raii, and taker, the Bridegroom's Oaiii, that in cafe of
Divorce, he will make Provifion for his Wife, he gives
them his Blefling and dep.irts. The reft of the Company
who Ifay behind, are entertained with Beetle and Pills of
Amphion, or Opium, which they ufe inllead of Wine,

and produce very near the fame EfieCt, If the Bride
within five huiulnd Parts uf tlie ()iave, "where tht-y Ifay, proves an unde.lled Virgin by the Maiks upon the Sheets,
and make mod iloleful Cri> >, till the Grave-makers h.ave the Friends afiemble for five or fix, and lomttimes eight
laid it ujion the Grate. A Montli or fix Weeks after the Or ten Days alter : But if tlic Palfage be found not ib
Burial they carry the Turfs upon whitli he died, as things well guarded as it fliould be, the Bridegroom takes his
poluttd, to the Burying-plaee, and every Month entertain Leave of her, and returns her to her Friends. On the
the nearelt Friends with a Collation, in Memory of the other hand, if the Bridegroom finds her fo ftiait laced, as
tleecafed. 'li^t '"^ cannot enjoy her in three or four Days, and

If any one happen'; to touch a dead Carcafs, or tlic confcquently is fufpeCted of want of Ability, one of the
BiMics of a dead B-.a(l, thev are dellled, and mull under- nearcft Kinfwomen to the Bride lends hiiu a Dillaff, with
"J a Pennance of nine Days. Fhcy reckon thole damned this Mcifage, that not being mad.e for Man's Work, fhe
whole Bones happen to fall into the Wat.r. They are for- has thought fit to fuiniili bim with lome Womens Bufi-
biilden to eat, ot any living Creature; yet in 'lime of ncfs. The Marriage.s ol the /v./.m// AM;/;;Hif J<j«j arc not
War they will make now "and then bold with a Sheep, fu ftrift as thole ot the other Mohammcddns, who can t be
C,).at, lijinc tame lowl, or Filh, and eat it ; but never divorced unlels bolii Parties be heard, and Sentence pro-
kill any Cami K, I .lephants, I loi fes, or Hares ; and as to noimced by a Judge. But here they m.iy be divorceu with
t'ic Ox and Cov,, they are fo far lr.>m killii.g them, that lels Ceremony, upon a bare Averlion, or Diflaite, with

thfy h.ivi- ri I*,()Verl;, that they would r.lther teed upon
the F elli of tluir I'athers and Mothers, tlian upon an Ox,
or a Cow. Though tiiey .ire not forbid t!ie Uieoi Wine
and Teddy, their Law enjoins them a fevere Pennance for
Drunkennefs, and upon that Score, the drinking of Aqua
I'lU. They are but middle- fized, but of a muJi clearer
Complexion than the N.itives i.' the Country, and efix?ei-
ally their Women, who, in this Point, muvh exceed the
Mohammedan JndoJl,ins. 'Fhe Mm have p.re.it Beauls,
but fomewhat nniml ; fome rut their 1 l.ur, others wear it
vuthout cutting-, the lirll leave only a Lock of an Inch in
( cnipafs, on tiie Crowns ot tlie;r 1 leads. They are very
iiidultrious, and .m over reaihin-j, Geiieiaticnj and were it
not for their avaiitious 'Fempir, would be much better
naturcd than mod ot the Mi.han.rih-da-ts mc 'Fhey have
two other forts of Pagans in Guz.irat, viz. tlic lliinLos and
'Jnnivei i the fiitl are defeended from the Province ot
Mulih.m, and the Parts about .:jjwiian. They are lb far
tr-iin being Banjani, that tiiey wont admit tin in to Ix'
pr.:rnt at their Meals, whu.h tiiey eat .vidila a Km^, and

N U M U. r.z.

this Provilij, however, that purfuant to what they pro-
mile at the Marriage, the Men arc o'nligcd to provide
for the Sudenance of their Wives, who, therefore have ni>
other Dowries here, but as for the Jewels they bring a-
long with diem, they cannot reclaim ary thing of iliat
Nature. The Women of any Qiiality ilir but leldoin
abroad, and that either in a dole Coach, or liidiM Lit-
ter ; and it they happt;) to ride on I lorlebaek, their Fate
is covered with a Scarf, none but the meaner fort, or
common Prodiiutes, beingtobe feenor, Fo( 1, and witiith. ir
taces bare, in the Streets. Fhe liidi.i)! Women h.ive generally^
a very ealy Deliverance, it being .! great Rarity to luar of
a Woman that is above two or tlirec Hours in Labour.

Their Children they educate with extiav-idiiiary Care in
Schools, where they 'are taiig-'.t to read and write -, and
fiich as are not able to do it, they fmd eitlier into tlie W ars,
or into the Service ot. great Peiions, wlierc their Allow-
ance is fo dender, that they Ic.d but an unhappy Lite.
It is generally obtlive'd, that tlie /,•;..';.■.■'; Cluldun li.ive a
very tender regard for their Parents, to lueh a Degiee,
y K. thiic

Iri <!

Ill i

Mf ,T!lf •'

ijh" '

;'> ' 1

I I

I '

770

7'he RiMAUKs, gfr. 0/ John Albert dc MandcKloc BcH)k

ii-U"';

i'i

1'* ^'^l-: 'M

M fl!',::^

P1> • : ! ''

IN-r

Hi .

tlut thry wfuiKl aarvr thrmlVIvrs to |>refcrve thrm. Mod
IVrlbns ot Note arr vrry larcful to Iniilil tlirmtilvrs 1 lou-
Tin in vcTV luiuironuCijiiirns, wluili Irrvc them ami thfir
I-ainili'.s lor Sqiiklircs-, thd'c I loufrs have many limll
Wimlows on all Siile^. Thry ule the following t trcmo-
i)ir«, at their F'.iirialsi immciiiatcly alter the Peicale ot the
I'atii.t, the Kuulred with great I .amcntationuome to alk
him what nia>le him i!ici whether he wantcii Inch aiul
Inch C(iiiv;-nitiHii-5, wl'.iih t!\iy name to him. This done,
v^\\\\[\ the C'ori's is wafluil ai.il (nit into a t'oirin, the
Irioiuls ilivf rt thrit Sorrow by making [vkx! Cheer. Three
cr tour Mc}!,ii remain conftantly mar the l?<Hly (whiili is
wrai'i'C.i in a j'utumeii Sheet) to pray lor tlic Soul, till it
b tarneil to t'u- Uurial place, wlmher the Colhn witli the
C'or|T> covercil witii Calicne, Velvet, or lomc other jireu-
«;us StutV, IS (arrud hy t( n or twelve Men, th« McLts
finping all the while tlirir 1 lymns, ami the Kimlreil ac-
comjunying it tn tiie tirave. I Irre the Boily is laid down
115x111 the kiglit-lide, with tiie I ace to the Weft, the Feet
to the South, and I lea I to the North, the ColTin l>eing
covered witli a Haul, tor fear the l-'jith Ihovild defile the
Co:p?. It li let down fmiHuhly into the (irave, whilll the
Kindreil mutter out cittaln Prayer*, and li) return to the
Houle of the Decral'ed, where tlie lame A/c/.'j; continue
thrir I'rayrrs tor livcral Pays alter, during whicli Time,
rot a S;-.iik ot I'lrc mull hf lien in the Houle. They
Hik thrm!Jvens as Hercticks an<! damnable j but a',
they have a fingular Avcrlk.i to I-'.^ages, lo they Ihcw
ir.oie Hatred to the Kcir.m Cathcli'h ih.m Proujlunlj,
on the iVote ol thrir linages.

'I'hey are generally ot a good St.iture, without uny
natuia! UehiS. They have all l.ml; black Hair, thy'
thole il'.iy rail .\trgo.'!!ei have a clearer Complexion than
the rdb They don't adn.iic fi.i.xcn Haii, but hate red-
haired People, out (i.^n Opinion they have, that they are
Irprou', a Pillrmpcr very common here-, one realun of
whkli i«, that t!ie Pox I'cing feklom ( ured as it ought to
be, by Degrees altects the BIwxl afVeni, and turns to a
Lcpn-ly. I he MJ!jj let thiir I<cards grow, but all the
ffft ftiavc their Ik-ards as well as their I leads leaving on-
ly a L.( ck 0:1 the Cruwn, liy whi^h, they fay, Mdummtd
is to i^ull tluu) up to Heaven. Tlierc is no DilUndlion
in the Drif^ of Mm .v\<.\ Women. Tluy make their Ciar-
mentb ot Ca'uoe, Silk, or Brocade, aitordmg to the Abi-
lities ot thole that wear them. Tliey lie dofc to their
Bo.'ies alxjve their Wail!, like ou:', but grow wider and
wider dowiiwart's to i\w Small of their l^g, where alxjuts
fliiir Hiecches wli;cli readi to th:ir Sh<x s, arc gatliered by
a .*<tring inio many Piairs. Their Shors are ot Sfjnljb
l.eat.KT, Siik, or Hrucade, with very low (Quarters, bt-
caut'e thiy have Ireijuuit Occafion tu pull tlicm oil" when
they c;i. 1: to Rooms, where the Moors are covered with
rich '1 ajxilry. Thtir I iead-dids tonus nearer to that of
the Ti-irj i]un the Pirjinu, King romiiiOiily of thin Ca-
hcoc, or .Silk, iriici woven with gold and filver Thread.
1 hry lay it by whtn tliey go t(j B<d. They have over
their fiarmrnts a kind H Cloak to defend thetiifclvcs a-
gamll the Injuries of the Seafon. Their (jarments arc
tied round thrir Waill with a fiik Gitvde wrought with
Cjok!, and over this they have a kind of a Salli ot fuse
CalkiK-. Ini!ufi-, Pirlur.scjt (Quality wi.ii thii Dagger?,
the Handle and Sheath oi wii.di arc g.nerally of Gold,
an>'. ill with precit us Stones.

■Jhiir Houf's arc but liightly built, the Walls being
nothirg but Plailhr-work made of a Mixture of Frcc-
ftonc powdered, lume l.ime, (jum and Sugar, which l>c-
in^ vciy wli.te and l:r.oi.ili, makes no dila^rerablc Shew
at a DilLimc. 1 luy arc alio indilferently lurnillied, clj>c-
ciaily tlf Kitthcns, where, bcfuirs a few Dilhes and
K!.,ves, y.,u r.e very few other Utenlils-, tho* lor the rell,
th" 1 loul' ■- ol I'etlons of Qiiality are very large, and di-
Vi led into fonvrnicrt Halli, Apaitments, Cluridxrrs and
C'l.fcts i in the two lait of which the \S omen take great
nii^'hr in fei iheiii oui with their gold ami fiivtr Plate.
Wlicn rhi-y ate tu receive Vifits, they place themleivoi in
t!,e Mill, ujon Pieces of Tajx-llry. I'hey lalutc each
ether at tlirir tiiU coming in with their Salam, and an Iii-
diiiati^n ol ths Hca^l, an J if tlie Pgili.!i be ot greater

(guilty, thry pit their Right-hand to thrir Ih^^^ ,„
Ihew their Riadmcls to lubmit to them. J| they j ,'.
an equal Condition, no further Ceremony is olltrvai\rI
a mutual Inclination with their Bodies. S<jnutimcs'i|
touch one another's locks, adding tliefe Words G> *'
aiif mtas, \^c it to you accord-ng to the Prayers 'ut t^
l'(x.r. He who receives the Viht, never llirs lioni hi
Place, theVilitors kinglet on his Kight ami Ldt-himl
Their Vilits are made with a great deal ot HdervcJnri,
no futh thing as the kail loud Dilcoiirfe king r ) he hfarj'
or any (■dUires maile with th( ir H.inds, or Ht.ui^ '][
they whilper to any Ix.dy, thry are lure to |,oM tu \\^,,^
Mouths a Napkin, or fome fuch thing, lor fear of ollaW-
ing with their Hie.iih him to whom they Ijx-jk.

I'heir greatell bxpence is in Clo.ulis, Ijting, and Wo.
men -, lor as liy the MnlitmmrJ.m Law, tluy aic all allow-
ed to purfue their lirnlual Plealures to the utinort, as lur
as tnay be done without Detriment to their N(ii>hbours
they imlulgc thenuelvrs in this Point to the I'xter.t of
their Power. They keep a numerous Ketinue of Servants
each ot which hath his Bulinds alTigned hini. 'lacir
Footmen have great Plumes of Feathers on their llcadi
and two little Bells on their Hrc.ills, and are lu hardy, tluc
they will travel fifteen or fixtccn Ixagues a Day, without
much Ditliculty. 'I'hey have all their board \\ages, and
fomc Vails, but Ixjth arc lb Imall, that they can Icarce
keep thcmfelvcs from (larving. Tiic many Women th^
Mokammtdjns marry, arc very chargeable to them, to"L.
ther with their I'.unuchs, for they arc very cxtravjg.uiri:i
thrir Cluathing, Jewels, and Furniture; thechiet Ameikii
they have for this is, that e.ich Woman endi avours bv jll
iriiaginable Art to gain her Hulband's Alfection andhn-
joynunt Lxlorc the rell, tliere bcir.g nothing to be cor.tnv-
cd, but what they will m.ikc ufe of to excite hini to V^-
luptuoufneK. The common handitratt People are lu i;i a
very jxwr Condition Ik re, tor as cvc ry Puce of \\hi\
palfes through Icveral Hands Ixlore it is tiniflie', they cau
Icarce get Six-pcncc a Day, and the worll is th.u f.-
Children mult be bound to no other 'Iradc tiun liut a
tli'ir Fathers.

1 lence it is that thry arc forced to live upon Ikan-flou:
and a little Kice Ixjiled in Water, in the Nature ol a HulV
pu.lding. into which they put a little mcltul buU..,
and their poor 1 loules are luitabie to their Way of Living.
Merchants live here in I'lenty enough, and wouU be lu;-
tkiently happy, were it not tor the Danger tlicy lie ihkIit
ot king Ikeccd by the covetous (iovernors ot the I'lacii
in which they live, under loiiie Pictemc or otiier, as loo.!
as they kgiii to dilcover their Wialth : So tlut the c;;!;
Way tu keep any thing, is to appear to have nothir.:;.

ii. I'll' ugh all the .Mciiiinmcliaus in the InMa p;ijlcls
the lame Religion, yet aie they dilli.^guilhcd intoiiiviri;
Sects, lu( h as the Patau j, M j^uls, and liiMhins, belli. n
levcral others, which, as wdl as their levtral Tm.jja ,
ariles more Irum the diii'ircru Diljofuions ol ttioU Lo,.ii-
trirs from whence thty came, than liom any rdigiuiis Ai-
count. rhu< the I'JUns, or PtsJur.', are a ir.dit liar.r;;,
cruel, and barljarousCieneiation, who without any Cuin....-
ration, will thruil themtclves into hazardous ir.teipn/rs
The Mogul's, or Mc^^uiifj, on the othfr Hand, i!edi.>:
their Origin trom the Natives ot Credit J'.ir/.irv, a'et\':i.-
plailant and tlifcreit, winch gaiiii. tiicin great lu.j.' lI
among the otlur AIJ-iiiiimtMKi. Tlic Ituigtam, or In-
dujlani, are lomewliat barbarous and thouj,li covetcua,
yet arc not cralty enough to deceive witiiout b'ing tuiui.l
(jUt. They are the true a.iiier.t Inhabitants 'jI GuiJrM,
and may k culily ililtinginlhcd from the t-.U by i.'wir
Complexion, which is mueh more inehniiig vj Ha^.'^ tha.i
the twei tormer.

There is another tort of People in tlie Province tf//j-'-
Khun, who, a^ they arc very h..re!y and bold, lo they .'.re
employed cliietiy in carrying Merth.iiuli/.es ; they arc call-
ed Blottiam, their duet 1 .mpkAiiient Ixring to let out Ca-
mels, and to conduct the Caiavans which tluy do w;th
fo much Fidelity, that thry wijuld latiier Ui-iiii'C thtni-
felves, than fuU'er any thing to lie lull. All cv.-r the Mo-
gul's Country, as well as in this I'rovir.ce, no in-h tlii."^
IS to k fecn as publick Inns, except that in ihc Cities, and
fume Villages, are cicdcd tcrtaiii publii-k linilJings ciii c!

Charity

I',-'.

•IHoc Ru)k I. I Chap. IT. through ftviral Countries of the IN Dl E S.

land to thnr Ilf.uls, t.j

) rliini. II they a,' ,,,

•n iiiopy is obltrval, bit

'"lilts. Sometimes thru

ni(; thcfi- Words, Or,/*

IK to the I'uyiti „t the

lit, never llirs \\m\ h;i

11 Kij'Jit ;incl I.dt-luml.

■It ileal (it KilavcJnft,,

oiiilc U-ing t) Ik hanf,

r Hands, or Hi.uls. It

arc liiri- to lioM to their

tliiMi;. lor liar of oil, nj.

)in they IJHjk.

■;>.itlis, Ijtidf;, and W'o

i.4W, thty aieallaliow-

ris to till- utmort, as tar

ifnt to their Ntn;libours,

I'oint to the Kxtcnt of

•rolls Kttinui- of Servants,

airiytud him. 'Ihcir

1 iatlitrs on their I kaili,

Us, and an to hardy, tluc

Ixagues a Day, without

their txard \\agts, arnl

uil, that they can leatee

I'lic many Women th*

l)ar^',eable to them, to^e-

y arc very cxtravjg,un n

rnitiirci tiic tluct Anieniis

Woman endeavours by all

(band's Atltction anJ It.-

ii-.^ notliinp to be tortnv-

-■ of to exeite iiini to \\.-

iditratt I'eople arc Lu i:\ i

as every I'lece of We(.\

ore it lb tiniflie;', they uu

id the worll is, that t'.-

otiicr Tradi; ilun tlwt ..!

:d to live upiiii Hiunlli;i;;
, in the Nature oi a 1 lul':)-
it a little melted butt..,
Ic to tluir Way of Livirt;.
noii[;h, anil VinuU be lu:-
the Danger tiity he iinAr
IS Ciovernori ot the I'I.iu>
I'letenic or utiier, ;is Idv.i
Wealth : .So tlut the e:;./
ppcar tu have nuthir.;;.
(Jdiis in the ln.'.us j);ij!.-is
f dilh.iguiliied into liivt.-u
lull, and liiJjihi'ii, [leh.i-s
as their Icveral lin.;"- 1 ,
)iljx)lititins ot thuli (.u>.ii-
lian tiom any religious A.-
adiir.', arc a n'.olt dara .•,
, who without any Cum...,-
tuo ha/ardcus I- r.tei jjru-s
the uth'r Hand, deilu:
»l Cit\tl J.ui.iry, areioiii-
^i\iv^ tiieni i;reat lu-.p.i-l
:i. Tiic ItiMjUnf, or In-
lii, and thoujjli covetcuj,
•etive without b' ing tiiiin.l
;t Inhal'it.mts 'jI GuzJrM,
ed fiotii the I'.il by th.ir
ore ii.ilinin;^ to bla^iv than

■li- ill t!ic l'n;viiicetf/to-
..rdy and bold, lu they .ire
lerih.iiulizesj they arc la"-
lyinent Ixin^; w let "ut Ca-
I'vans, whiih t!;:y do with
i,iild rather taeii:'.'!: thmi-
be loll. All ever the Ml'-
,b I'ruvir.ec, no \v.d\ thirjj
;ct()t tliat in I he Cities, and
till puUii-k Uaildiag'-witi't
^ th4;ity

7?i

Charity for the Convenicncy of Travdlcri, mid thcfe Cara- Inhabitants by the- Mixture of a ccit.dn Earth of t!i,- lame

vanlera8^havcnooth.rAca)nu»od«lio...Hbiitourb«re Walls Colour, and fome Oil. to make it iwim upon the Water.

,nd a Coverma over lltail. |„y travel with Camels, ,he Gooilnefs of this Drug bciny commonly juiiijed by it

lluiles Mules, and Oxin. 1 licy nwke iile alii) of a Lightntfs fc> b /j b /

certain kind otCouehcj, ilrawi. by l)xrn, which will tra- The Stalks left the firlt Year produces Leaves the

vel ten .)r twelve l.enniie» a U.iy jiliry arc covered with next, but thefc arc not to be compared in Goodnels to

\elvet on the upper 1 art, but lliole lor the Women arc thofc of the firll, tho' they exceed thofe of the wild Indi-

io covered on a 1 Sides. J crl.iiis ol Qiuhty travel lor the go. The fccond Year is that which produces -the Seed ,

molt Fart on IMephaiitJ, or are I allied in I'al.uujuincs, or the Produft is never tranfporttd beyond the Seas, but

littet.s, carried by tw(i Men upon lli< ir Shoulders, with a kept by the Country I'eopic for their own Dying. The

Bar. riuy are very laretiil in liiudiMn up iheir I'.lc- bclllndigo, which they call y:?«;/, is inclininir to a 'et

pjiants. liawkinp ami I luiitiiip, fi their ihil Sport. "' ■■ - - ■ -
I'heir Greyhound., are leln than ouis but tlivy ii),ike ufe
ut tame Ixopards, and 'I'yKfni in I Iiiniiini;, wbuh are the
bitl in the World at liirpriziii|.', .i sviM lleall, butiuvir pur-
ine it. rixy "tch Water-towl by ihr Skin ot a wild
lluck, tilled with Hay, whiih biiii(/, tied to the decoy

I'l ■!

Colour, and has fomcwhat of that Smell if burnt. 1 hey

always let the Ground he fallow after the three Years are

exj)ired, for twelve Months.

There is alio a great deal of Salt-petre vended at Surat,

which is made at /ijiiier, lixty LeagU'.s from /^gru, out of
, the fatteft Ground. After it has lain fallow tor a coiiti-
Duck, they Iwim up the Water nil ih(y j-a intudibly , derablc Time, they dig certain Trenches, which aicer th.y '
amony the lell witiiout tnkjliiinpi them. 'I'lieir Bows have filled with fait Earth, they let in as much Water as
ate made of wild Ox Hoins, and tliiir Arrows of Lane, isfufficientto reduce ittotheConfiftencyof thickMud, and
iiiKl they manage them with to mmh D.xienty, that they to Ibalt it the be:tcr, they frequently rrcul it with their
kill Birds tlying. 'i'heir ihiw. «re fhilst, and tome at Feet. When they judge the Water has difTolved all the
Cards. They are gnat I. ovi I sol Mulkk, though theirs faline Subllance tha't was in the Earth, they draw up the
be lo rough •, Imt |udicial Alliolony li.h got lueli an Af- Water into another Trench, wherein ibinetime it thickens,
cenilant among them, that nothing ot Moment is to be when they boil it like Salt, Ikumming it continually, and
undertaken here without mil ronluliing thole wlio protets afterwards put it into earthen Pots, where the Dregs fettle
It. Thiy arc not i|uitt ilrllitmc ot Books, JnJIoik's to the Bottom •, they take it out again, and dry ir to a
Works or at leall molf of lliini, are to be met with hard Sublhnce in the Sun. Borax, well known for its
here, tranllatcd into the /hdiiin 'l'oii|ruf \ as likewile cer- Ufefulneis in refining of Gold and Silver, is found near a
tain I'reatil'es ol /liuemut, who r. in |;,reat Re(]iielf with Mountain in the Province of Purbct, upon :h; Hunlers of
them, as being Ixirii ,n Sivihinnihl, u.i'ir the Juiifdiftion Great 'lartary, which Country alio produces Spiken.ird,
ot 'rmiur, ox 'lamer I ant : Tlifir Wnlings are not delpica- Qi^iickfilver, Mulk, .nnd Copper, and a certain Colour
ble, and have lomeilnni', ol Klntorick in them \ and their which dyes the motl beautiful Brown in the World. The

Annais arc lb well, and t.xai'lly k< pi, as to lurnilh I'utHci-
ent Matter tor a good I lillory.

Though their E.mgu.ige Ih' divided into feveral Dia-
Ms, yet it is to be learnt wiihuui iiiinh DiHiculty, they
wriU" tiom the ktt-liand in ih' M|'lil ■, the I'lr/iiin is the
Court Language in hnloHiiii, iiiid loiiii' have hkcwifc a
T.ille ol the .liaiuk, whi<,li r. ibe learned Language.
The Uloody-llux .md !•( ver, are the mull tommon Difeales
in the liiMcs, agaiiill whuh liny nf; hane any other Re-
medy Init Abllinence. Jhtydon't wani I'hyliiians, but
luve no Surgeons. '1 heir Uaiber. h t Ulcjoil, and ajiply
l/.Tche.s, which IS all the Op' lailoii-. iliey ule. 1 he Wiii-
t;r bigms in Guz.r.il in Jiim', ,iii<l liuK'.s idl S: [•tanbir ;
but the Rains arc not as .ii Goit, 'i'here aic but two
Winos which reign on ihi"" C'oall, t/*. the North and
SiUih W iikLs, whuh bfjwe.uii lor fix Monliis without
liiinnipiion. 'I'heir iMr.iieil I b.u n |ii .Ijril and A/.y,
.imi the Biginiiii.^', ol Juin, but lln 'Sii iiinels ot the Sea-
1)1-. IS loniewh.it uiMpii.Udl U) ihc tie'iiur.t Hreizes which,
huwever, tKiiii',s this liu onvnunn y iiloiig with tiiem, that
tiiey r..iti: the Dull to tin h a Degiee, as robs you of thj
very Sight ot the Sun ai Noon day,

Li. i he ihiet Lomiiio.litiPi. ai (lnz/irat are Calicoes,
.i-.dliik Stull's as S.iitiiis, rati,iiu>, I'oinlas, Conierbands,
Urns of Gold and .Silver, iiled tm \'i ils lor Woinin, 15io-
caeies Tapetlry, llinvd t.irpeis, (.^iilt% Tents, Bed-
I'ed-, and Cbindi, lauiue Ueil>, Chains, Bullous, and
Kiiigs of Ivory, Ambei, Roi k Cluyllal, and Agat.

In a Village calb d f.'Mvi/v,'., ne.ir ,lw.i,l.ii/,ii, is the bcfl
I'l -igo m.ide. I'll.- I bill H like that ol a yellow Parfnip,
iut lon;c\vliat ihoiier and more bitU'r. It Ipmuts forth
!• ti) Brai'.ehes hi./ a Rm\, and loiiietin,cs rilis lix or te-
vtn Feet high. Ih 1 lowu u like th.it ot a ■I'hilllc, and
its Seed relembhs l.niigh'ikt liny low it in June, and
cut it ill Nuvemkr or Ihi.mlnr. U is fown but once eve-
ry three Years; t!ic (nil Vear lliey cut olV the Leaves
wiiiim a boot of the ( uound, and alur they have clear'd
t. Ill Iroin tin Stalk diy ilinn in liie Sun, and alterw.irds
I.1Y tliem a toal.ing in a ibim- iiough, whuh has lix or te-
v;ii Feet Water m it, llimng il vuy tniiucntly, till they
liiink the Water his lulln leaily rxiiacHed all the Colour
.mi Virtue ol the lleibi ihrn lliry di.iw that Water olV
eito anoilier V< iVel, whuh Ihih,', wi'll fettled .ill Night,
t;vyt.ike it olV tin- ivxi Day, an>l the Settlement ir. the
I! tiniii is lUaiiu'd tliioii|Ji .1 loa.te t loili, and diied in the
'^:n. Thi', i:i the Ull Indigo, whi'.'i u adulterated by the

Borax grows like Coral, in the Bottom of the River Jan-
kencknr, which coming dov;n from the Mountain, joins
its Stream with the River Mafnocr, which pafles through
the laid Province, and turnitlics it with this Drug, 'I he
Imiojiiins call it Juiikinckar, from the b.'ore-iuentiuncd
River, and keep it for its Prcfervation in Bags, nude of
Shcep-tkiiis, filled with Oil

The greatell I'art of our Aflafvtida is brought from
Pafta \ but that which is brought trom tiie Province of
Ulrad, in the fiiJie.', is preferred b'ri'ore it. There are
two kinds of this Plant ; one grows like a Shrub, with
tinall Leaves like Rue, the otiier has Leaves as big as
Turnips, and in Colour rtfembling big-tree Leaves. It
grows commonly in landy and Itony Ground. Its Liuin
comes forth in the latter End of Summer, and is gathered
in Autumn. The lianjans in Gtizarat are I'ucli Admirers
of it, that they ufc it in their Sauces, and rub tlicir eat-
ing and drinking Vtilelsx.ith it. Theiv is abundance of
Aii.phion, or Opium, biougi.t from Cayro into Em opt;
that which comes troiii the I'lovince of Gualcr in Indjlan,
and is vended all over the y«(;.Vr, is only the coagulated
Juice of Poppy, which is gathered by making an Incifion
therein, when it bigms to be ripe. All the Eaitern Nati-
ons are to adi'.f ted to the Ule of it, that thofe who can-
not come at the Juice, will ni.ike ami ul'e the Decoftio:i
of Poppy. 'Viv Pcijiiifis boaft themlcives to he the liilt
Inventors of it. 'Ihey take every Day the Quantity of a
fmall Pea of it, made up into u little Pill, nut to muih
with an Intention to m..ke themlcives lleep, as to raiie Vi-
gour in them, more elpecially m the Exercife ot venereal
Ads for which Purpole it is chiclly ufed by the IdiaKS.
They ule thcmfelves to it by taking a little and a liitie by
Degrees, without attending to which it is mortal. It di;aws
this Inconvenience alter it, that it quite Ihipilies the Sen-
fes, unlels they continue it for ever.

Of i-icque we have laid tbmething before, and (liall
fay more hereafter. The Pro\'ince of Guzurai produces
abundance of Cummin, Ginger, and Mirolialans, which
they prelerve with brown Sugar, belides which they have
feveral phyfical Drugs. Diamonds are likewife one of the
chief Drugs of this I'rovince, but not many, yet they
have Abundance of Pearls, iMiieralds, Garnets, Agats,
Aloliarter, red Marble, and Jalper-llone, which arc better
IKilidied here than any where ell'e.

They uli: but one kind of Weight all over Guzaral,
which i» called Niton, and contaiiii forty den, in the

whole

ijir

t M

1.1

i t,

^^ I

Ii . Jr!

111

jJiM

(, ',

i( •.,[

Ml-'

7;i Tk Remarks, S?f. o/John Albert dc Mandclfloc Book I.

Their l\)rcfts in tlicfe I'arf^ harUiir, amopR other fr,.

lu.rt thrn. no morr tlui. any otlui K.alK il.at arc v,| 1
or l)l.uk. iiiulcr pum o\ Death, iluy Uinp, rtlcfvu)
the KimrN SfXTt, or thr (loviriux's ol ilic l'u>viric"'

*holc thirty I'mimU ami an h.r *". at ihr Rati* of fiitwn
OiiiKts in the IVuiul, a CV.r oik. lining ten Pry/n, a kim!
t.r 1 lals MiHuy wiiphing twelve Ouncn. Their KIN arc
«>! two kiiuts, the Irlli f 4iniHii!ts to no more than hall a
Irrntb I'll, ami a lixtccntli I'arf, ami nineteen ot tluir
l.ir[;e l".l!!i make thirteen 1 lU aiul ihrie l^iaiters ol the
lame Mialurc. They have alio no more tlian two fort^
ot Moi>e<^, V!7. the MiiHcuJifs, ami Rnupfti v the Afi-
mouMts Ixing - o'mcil nt Silver, ol a Ivilr Allay, Ro no far-
ther than .Wur, Prc.lrj, Rroiijtbia, Ctminyj, aivl llioH
I'atts ami arc woitli alwut one Shillinn Strrlin[', i Init ilic
Reufia (Jitj^tim, wlurh arc won h alxnit a Irtnrh Half
Lrown, an.i maJe of very goo<l Silver, |uN eurrtnt all
ovtr tlu Iniies The Pty^f wc li'tk'- of are their C()p|)cr
Mimry, twrnty-fix of «huh make a M.meu,h, anJ torty
fi\t iRcuptt. They count alii) with A.irom's thirty lix
wherrol make a /'w, and with (crtain Siiellv, founii I y
the Sei-fule, eighty whereof make a I'njt. They ae-
coi;i t F^amfii I'ltci.s ot l'"'v;!it ami Kixilullarr. rrjiiivaKnt to
•"ivc Mnmif'Jifs, bccaule iliey make j',reat Ailvaiit.ii;c ot
ll^m in their Mi'Uv The l\/i.i» lAirn's, whieh ate very
{juik' SiIvci, ar' ailo much clIecnKvl here. They have a
goklen Ci n e.iilril X.r.ij bini, worth alxmt thirteen licu-
ft(f. The Cl-.pi-'s an, I Ifithnn I)>.i.Uv are eurref.t lure,
tml are rn konul to lie worth ei[',!it ai vl a half, or i.iiie
A'f.',.v,M, acairdiin; to the rrling or the falling of the
Clui.pe.

A» liiere i^ ahumlanor of rotinterfrit Money herf, anil
all over the IvJ-in, Ui fVane any Sum \s rei( ivcil but in
the Slio[>< ot the dian;.;ers rail' il Xin'jfj'j, whieh are at
the Cdriicis of rviry Strei r. 1 hcfe l'irurcl!ir Keteipt ot
the Money K r a Imall Matter, ami are lo expert, thai no
co;.i rcrttit Mir.iy tan el.ajv ttuir Haniij tiikiil. ovcreil.
Tht;r Way «if tomputin}; Sumi is iiy Ijics, wlmh ronHil
of I ^>,OLO Keuj-tts, anil two of thele I^iis make a Crere,
or Ci^ry.t, and ten Citren's an /ir.u'-, a Tl\-:! of Silver
makes elt vrn, twi !vl% or thirteen Kcupfa, one Maj[>ii and
an J. alt, a Jhd! of Silver, and ten ol' thele a Hbtil ot
doK'. No ti'in, whether (iold, Silver, or Bral», mult
be cx[Mrttd out of the Kingdom, on pain of Death. Ue-
fu!' s what we have laid ot the Products ot Guzarat, it is
Viry temlc in Wi-.rat, Rice, IVal'e, Bcux, Barky, Miller,
Ikth NVIic.it, I lav, Muftard-lccd, Oil, Bmtrr and Cfieel'e,
the Lll ot wh.ih i-- lo;ncwhat lalt and dry. Their NN'heat
is !an;er than oi f^ 1 ht y don't hak'- their Bread in C)vcii>,
h\;i iipon lion I'iare?, and the Hanjani in Irying-pans.

: J. Their Bianj and IVas ist: Iris hut much m})rc de-
licate than our<, clj)ccial!y ilmr ml Chiches, wherewith in
many Places they feed tl.eir I Iorlc>;, Oxen, and Butialoe«,
inltead ot Oat-s a dram not riivich uled in the i-jltcrn
I'artv 'i hry low in Min, and thiir 1 larvell i< in Sep-
tmlir anil Scvemier : Tliry mt no Cirali, Init conhimc it
green. As the Mo[;ul iv the lolc I'roprKtnr of .ill the
i.and5 in lii^ iMiipire, (b the IValoiits when Secilinf^time
aplx.ir*, timll ni.ikc their Appluafidn to the (Jovcrnor
of l^e I'rovmee, an.i a^^ire with hini for li> iiiiich (irouiid
a^ he th.iil'. he is al)le to lew for that Year, lur the I'I'e
of whi( 1» he pys a third I'art, and lometimes an half,
whiih IS the Real»in that n-.oll of tli'- (iimndi lie fallow,
there bcir,^; I nt icw mat tiiiiik it wortli their while to ma-
nut.- tt.;ii! at fo an exix-nlivc a K.itr. Their Cjanhns arc
well lloikcd witi) I'ot-hcrlis ot all lorf:, as Irttiec, Suc-
cor)', Sorrel, I'aillry, Rai'.ilhes, Cabases, Cutumbcrs
( ittii!-, tiirliik, t)nion«, I'arlnips, and, above all, with
luc moll dclitirus Mcloni in the World.

Thty don't vihic their Moweis here lu mudi for their
Seen; as thrir Coiour, the Role only cxiepud, the Ster.t
ct wL. h 1. nuidi admire '. The Howrrs called Moyaei
ami .•^i.imi-r, h.ive alio a very ugrrrable Snieil •, lotwiih-
I'andi.j; v.hn.h tiny arc atimueii by the Wonim lor tlie'.r
Colour, the !'.r!t Lar.[\ a delicious white, and the latter yr.'-
J'jw : '1 lity hoki all rhc Year rouml, asdoe^ the ( irai^ here,
unlff^ n \x dried up by the cxcefi.vc I leat ot the Summer-
I'raK.n. fVlklcs il.cT I. cmon>. Citrons, I'onuy.ianai «., and
other Ir« , !'.. :;i.itntly known in iunpt, they have thole
raliid .•\n..ia, BaiutUT:-, Jact.»i, Ce«.o-,ar.d Imtuin |-ij^-trecs.
'1 l.'-y li.ivt alio a kind of Vines about Sural, the tirapes
ct wiii'h arc noi- Ig bi[i a:i thole ot I'nji.i, and art luld
at a u'ear Kate.

I ho Indian I lories are m no wile comparable to tliok- t
Pnfi.i and .Irabut, yet they ate very larelul in krrpr'il
ihcriu they (ommonly feed theni witli tlu Ic {\j^^^. [j''
rail I hichei,whi( h they bruilo and l)oil every Moriiiri-aiH
l.veniiiR, and give them a J'allc m.ule uf two h„.'i
ot Barley- meal, halt a i'ou.id ot Butter, and as mu'i,
Su^ar.

riuir Oxen arc not diiVerent from our'i in .Shape, rx-
ce|<t that they have a lari^e Bunch Ik twixt their Slioul'i!. is'
The poorer fort of Moktmrntdam vM abundance ot Hci
a'ld Mutton; Init flu- bttltr lort Iced uiKin KkIs, dthcr
roallid with a I'uddi' ; ot Rice, Almonds, and K^iin,,,
in the Billy, .)r Hew them with Butter and IViipcr
They alio have Ptrfun Sheep w.fh fat Tails, but tUy are
very rare and uled Itldom i but at great I'.nteruinmir.ts
they have lov. I., t'apons, Cede, Wild-Dueks PiacrKi:;,
Teal, I'artridgrv I'l l(.;e( is Sparrows, to which we mi-ht
aild, t-Jt;ks l-'alvoi.s, 1 lawks, and other Birds of IVy.
Thty arc not delliliite of Rivir tilh, fuch as Carps, Ktls,
L'c. but their Salt-tiHi is exrraordinaiy ^i>A and i.lie.ip
there, becaui the Mul\imme,'jm prefer I'lelh brlore lilh,
and the P,i(,inj don't i.-at it at all : They h ivc alfoOillcrs
CralM, ami Prawns. It is .iblcrvable, t,'..it wIktus iti
Eurcf* all forts of .^hell lilh are Ivll at the I iill-niiH.n,
fiere they arc Ixll .u the Ncw-inoon, a;.d empty at ilia
lull mcion,

24. I heir VelT-ls arc Reneully fli^htly bi.ilt, and th-ir
great (iuns kept al uvc Deik. They feli',0111 veuttire any
farther than to y.rv.; and i'i(iiiii!r,i, or to jiu<H and to Mc-
ca ujHjn ilie Red-Sea, whither they {.^o with a vail Num-
Ikt of Pilgrims in the ll,[',innin'^ ot M111J', and rctura
not till the Middle ol S,p:cmJjtr, tor tVar i f the Tctn[.T(l',,
which Irom 'June till that Month arc very violfiit m th.it
Coalt, wheicis otherwil'e this Voyage mi;;lit be |Kifurm-
eil III two Months. They carry to the Coall of .Idat
I alicoes, Indiui, Camphire, Tolucco, ,\lluin, .Sulpi.i.r,
Btniamin, Pcpi<-r, and mai.y other Spiies, MirubaU:i',
ami ni.i.iy otlui PreLives ; 111 In u ol which tliry l't:i 1;
lack Coral, .'\ml)er, a ceium red Dye eallid Miilit,
CoHVe-lKTriL'. and Opium-, but their bell Returns arc ,;i
reaily I all).

Their C'oallia'.^ N'clVeN, wliiJi go to Camhaya anl
Prcii/ibaia, and loDjrtnii'.s to Po/ii, \^o aw.iy in Janmr)
aiul l'(l>ru,iry, aiui ritiun in .Ifrilov Miy, and bring aioii;
with thrin BiiK.ules, Silk, Stuli'-, \i!v;ts, Camllcts,
I'eails, Almonds, Radins, Nuts and Dates, but iljxci
ally Role-water, i'luir Ships that go to .Jdtit in the lilt
ot Sumiitia, are ol tsvu or three hur.dred Toiu Buiihti,
carrying thiihtr the I'lo ii-ds of thur Coui'try, in liiuui
which they bring ba^k I'nnillone, B.i J.uiiin, Campliu,
Porcelain, Tin, a;id Pcpjx-r : I'hey liul in Miy, and 1.
turn 111 Oihhir. '1 he MaiJars lan .diodiise a j',uat Tr.iii:
at >urai, Gimima, and f.rci!j>i\iia. They bring tlmhc:
Bark of Coioa trees, whuh u uled tW niakin,', CorJai^c,
the Pith of til- lame Tree, Arieca and Uitle, a kind
ot Wood whi(h dyes R.d, tall/d ly ti.eni Tanuis and
Harpui, which tluy uk lor caulking tlu ir .'^li.ps htriilci
Rue and other Provilions. Tlieli; ih v (Xilungc for
Opium, Saliion, Coral, Caliiocii, Jml othir Stuli's. They
tome to the Coall ot Sural in IJaoii.'ir, iiiul ren;i;i in
///n/. l-'ormerly the Pa :u^Ui-^i uled to ue t.'ie lolc Ma-
ffei!. of the Trade of Guzuiwt, by means ot lii^ir l-'orii
at Dam.n, J)iu, and Cna -, but linic the J-n^M' anil
Dutib liave made iluir .Settl-iiictits 111 ll.elc IVts, tin./
luvc been torced to coiiline (heir 'i'r.n:e to ^u.

n^. Thclc Tiavcli.uul Voy..' ,f. will luilciuitly |iifl)ly
the Character we h.wc given ol tliem and ol tlieir .Vutnor,
at the fame time ili.it they wiil fully anbstr our Ir.tnuxa
lii alV.irding a dear, lulliuctivc, and cm ri.ii.-nng Dckrii:-
1:011 of one (d I he iiiicll Ci^unuic' in J'u:..:, *• wcii a.s ui
the leveral Nations that inhiil ii it. 'I'lurc i' a 1 icedcm ii.tI
Plairineli in our Author's Sine, tiut a, they are ml. ; a^ab..'
troni. In they are the luieh and mob inioi.tiUa'|iC > «">
01 imth, wiiidi. 111 Wcilvi ol this Natuic, is u.' .';•'; "■

» a.u:

imM^

Ill

Book I.

rl>oiir, amonp oih<r Crw.
t(l J.u-alls, no botly dart
licr B-atU tliat arc ydluw
iluy UiiiR rtlervd K,r
iTiint's ot the I'iDviticc,
c* comjiarablc to tlioli- (,f
r very caictul m kfrj,!;,-,

in Witll tlld'c IVUIC l(;,y'

'I Iviil every Moruir^jtiil
lie niadf of two l'„i,;,a
ol Butter, »ik1 »3 niuJ*

from our"! in Shape, rx-
li Ixtwixt their Shuiilil.iv.
»> cat aUiiulana- ut But'
rt IceJ ii|Hin KiJs, luhcr
e, Alniomls, and Kni'm
Willi Butter and IVpper.
.(h fat Tails, l>ut thiy are
t at great I'litetijiiinic.tH
•, WildDuth P.acotk;,
irrows, to which wc im-ht
atul utiier Birils of I'rey.
ti!li, fucli as Carps, lul',,
loniinary (;o'.<d ainl the.ip
s prtlcr llelli b.fgre lilh,
: 'liicy hive alfoOilUrs
JcrvaMr, i!,.it whaeas in
ire Iv'.l at the I itll-nuH./n,
nuon, a:. J iiiijuy at i\\i

lly nightly Inalt, and th-ir
Ihcy f'eld.oin vriimrc jny
r,i, 01 to .h!(>i and to Mt-
tluy (;o with a vail Niiiiv
in!^ ol Muril', and return
, tor tear cl" tiie Tcm[.x:fl',,
th are very violent in tli.it
I'oya^'.c iiii;^ht be initurm-
airy to the Coall ol .Ltn
lolvxco, Alluin, .Sulplu.r,
other Spices Mirubalan',
1 Ik 11 ot which thry I'tii ^
iiu red Pye tailed Miilit,
It tlieir bell Rtturr.s arc .;i

►hieh go to Camh.iya anil
rofi.i, (;o away in 'JatiKurj
nh>\ Miy, and bring a!o;'^
StiiiVs Vilvas, Camllcts,
i.ts and Dates, but ilptci-
lh.it po to .Hi'<i in the Illc
iree hundred i'oni I'.uittui-,
ul tluir L'our.try, in lau^'i
lone, H.I in. Ill, Camplii; ■,

They lail in A/.(,v, and i--

can alio drive ai',i"t''''^-'
[Liia. They bring thither
s liled fur n!ak;n,', Corda!;!.',

Arieea and li.'k, a kind

lallvil I7 tl.tiii l'anMi3 «nJ

aulkiii}; their Slups, Kfides

1 helc tli'V (xiluiifje for

aes, and oth< r Stulis. They

ill Daou:<y, m-A return in
tea ulcd to L'c t!ie li-Ie Ma-
rt/, l.y means oi iluir i-'o"^
biit llii.e the /ffi;."* f'^
vin.iits m ll.nc IVts Uk/
tfieir Traije 10 Ou.
,y.,..c'. will lull xiuuly iiilli.y
,1 ■iiem anel ot their Author,
111 tiiily aiiKstr our Intrntiui
K-, and ent, rt.ii.-iu'i; iWcrii-
uitiiesin /;?...:, a:,weila^ot
,tit. Tlierci'alicedcma!iil
Ctiuia.theyare inl..a.ib.e
und ihoU incoi.tcllaMe MV'^

ol iiii> Natuie, 15 o! :■■:•'; [
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Lh.ip. II. throff^hfii'i'nil Countries of the INDIES.

;.i!ir

tlun any olhif (^liility wliafi-vrr. Ai ihe Writer
.iltiii rrl.rs tn thr.iiuiint llilloty ot //,,.'.,/, and tlic Cu
(|„nc, III tlic IVdjili' helnic tluy were .it itll mtcrmixrtl with
|oiM",M<-"» •''•■ •''"'"■f ''•"' "' ''"'> ^Viirls wil| rti.ilili- even
ill,' iiii'irariiril KiMil' r tn uiulcrll.uiil all tlu Ic riim|;« per-
liVily, ami l'» reap a ii« w rh.iliirr licpin perufini; this I'cr-
lurnuiKi-, .i\ wo have plaial it, lime lie !■, aireaily poll. IT-
,.,l,)l all thi' I.ik'''* •''•" •"■'■ "'■<'i"ary tn iHullrate it. Itv
(ill paiinn the hilliKiial I'aHa^es that ok ur iit relation <•.
liu- Mi'iv' I '"l'""'' ^*"'' ''" '""^"'^' ' lilliry we have al-
riady tiven ot that (iov> iniiKiit, tlulo Tiavils will h-
conn- a Supplin-.ciit tu that K':%\\ in wliuii tljc Author
»ilit(il In.icJtitH.

\Vr c annot have a Urttri Arcoimt of tlic (^-ncral Situa-
tigii ut 1 rude, ur ol the particular CirLUiuttaiiLct ut the Ic

773

vcral F.urepictH Nationi coiurrned in the Commrrce ot
the tiidits, tor the i'lme in whuh he wrot^', than out Au-
thor hai nivcn ; and, thirctorr, a» hii Wojk u'chiudiicd
by what n iciuaincd in the preceding Sedioni, (b hii Ac»
countn will f.-ive to throw Light upon the following Sic-
tions and drhvrr the Reader li'.mi tlic Toil of running
thro* a dry DiHuflion of Kaits, which, thouijli tedioui it*
itlelf, would otlinwiie make a necelfary Part of thii Fcr-
fornianie. Ai to tin UilircncLs that oixiir in thefe and
in the fulilequcnt Kelation to our Author't (ravels through
I'tr/ia, they will he i K .ircd up by rei urring to thofc 'I'ra*
vels ill the lulilWjuent V<ilumii. At prcftnt we lliull pro-
cird with his Voyair,r^ tlirouf.h ami Keinarks on the reh of
the ///li/r/, which will Ix' louiid no left curious and improv-
in[; than ihuli: we have already {>< rufcU.

''tMl

1' •«

'■\

s I-; c r I o N xxvii.

■•■'^w?*"*"

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.) -)

'fhc remaining yoyagci <?/ John Albert ck' NtaiuUIIloc through the Indies, InclucUng^ hit
Dcfcri})tioni of Cowitricsy hi ftorical Remarks upon fever al Nations^ ami his Obfcrva"
tiofis on the CoMtnercc of the I'ortugiic/.c, luiglilli, and Dutch at that Time.

Traiill.itcil from the Autliof's crijjinal Voyage, written by hiinfclf. "*'' ■

I. //// in(roJu£lory Account of the Dcfign rf this Hcftion. 2. The Author's De arture from Surat in the

Vciir 1639. 3. He arrives in the Port of Gm, and '^^es us 1 particular ..ccount of that City, and of

met 'U'ith therf. 4. A c(;/ii(>le,it J'icw of the G -ernm ■ t, Manners, Cujloms and Con-

tti
IjlanJ,

10 fhe L-~ - — - -, , „ ^ . ., , .•

/5?, 'her -uith the Kingdoms of l\t'u I'nd Slam. 10. The Knii^dom of C'amh -'I , .vlalacca, Patapan, and
lAxnrc deferred. 11. A I'iru; of the great Iflaiul '-/ ijutnatra, anditslnha. ta>tts. 12. /I di, '/in fl Ac-
count of the IJland of ywii, ita fe-je-d Principaiiti's and their M''-''^ its. n. Of th '""ands c/ Ce-
lebes <;//(/ Ami vwiia ; t'>!,ether vilh an Account rj the Spice- IJla no, t,n' their Commerce. 14. //;/ //(.-
count of the I'hiiippiiics^ and cf the Spanilli Government there, i ,-. The Hijiory of Japan, and ti. • ad-
jacent ll'.ands, as delivered to the Author />y the AfiJ/ionaries. 1 6. A very /ingular Dejcription of the I,\'-J
t/' iHiriiiufa, and its Inhuhitant^. 17. A fuccintl Account of the mighty Empire of C\\\m. iS. The
Author's I'oyage to tie Cape ot" CJooii-Hopc. 19. Ohfervati'm mad: there, and in his PaJ/age to Ma-
daijalcar zo. A verv full Relation of the l/land of Mada^vifcar, and its Inhabitants. 21. An Account
cf the V<^nuc\\c7v Settlement in the IJland'of Mi>Uunh\i\ui:. 22. The Author profecutes his Foyage to
the IJland nf St. Helena, z^. The Author's Ohjervations upon that I/land, the IJland oj St. Thomas,
and other adjacent IjU'ds. 24. An hithrical Account, together mth the Author's Remarks on the Vox-
tuRuczc Settlements in A trim. 25. That Suhjeil continued, li'ith afucanH Dejcription of tlxje Colonies
at t''at Tun -' . An Acrunt cf Capc-Vcrd and the adjacent IJlands. 27. Remarks on the Azores,
Madera, and Caiury-Illaiuls. 2^'. Occurrences in their Voyage from the Azores to the Port 0/ Lon-
don. 29. Ohfervat'ons made h the Author during his Stay in England. 30. His keturn through
IluilaiiJ :■} llolA'-i!i. M. Remarks and Ohfervat ' ■'■' on the before-mentioned Voyages.

him to lav

III. great Kiiuliulsand m.iny Civilities fliewn
to mV. MdiuLlJloi by iiieehi<'f Diredorof the
hn^Ujh CVniiiKTce at SurM, naturally indmui
to Iiv hof.l of the Dlitr that ( icntlem.m niaile :>; ii of
i!tur:iii.(;'to Eitrcfc m an En^i'.'fli Ship, whit'' h' ;• • more
icadilv accepted, becaiiK it put it in his I'oivcr to execute
his Lomini'.lioii fully ol gainin;; the bell Intelligence he
could as to the Coiunicri-/ ot the '^ail. The h.nglijh Di-
rector WIS to make a tra.lint', \'oyap;c, which particularly
reiiuir'\! hii vifiiin!; the J'crii<,(UiZe I'orts, where he had
n.any Affairs to Ictile ; and this could not but Ik- ai^rcablc
to a Man who 'ravelled tro:ii luch Views as our Author
had, mafmuch as it nav- liiin an Opportunity ol Iceing
whatever he willied to Inhold, and atVcrded at the lame
imie the taircll Urcafions lor (xamiinn^; all he faw. We
Ihall dillern, irom thr fubl-quent Section, thai he mv
l^rrived theic Advant.igcs to the utinoll, and that he car-
ried b.uk with liim to'lus MilUr the cle.ircll and motlcir-
cunillaiitial Account oi tl. : I'lJui that had till that lime
ai)j);arcd in I.urcpe. > r r n

I cannot but oblervc, with rtfpict to this Pi tail of iMas,
i^'at he is, of all Writers, the umll i.nlufpeaed, and there-
1 1" the iiiuit worthy ot Cralit. An En^!ijh, a I'roul;

N U M «. ^J.

or a Diitrb Writer, can never ilivtd himfelf entirely of
the IVjiidices imparted to him by his Country -, but this
(ientleman could have none ol tliolt l'ic)udices, and thrc-
fore we may lafely rely upon whit lit lay; of any, or of
all thefe Nations. 1 le h.ui not only an Inclination, but .11
Interell alio in purlliii'!', 'I'ruth. It was th:s, and this only,
that could ncomnnTi'i him to his Mailer, a:ni ch-relore of
this he neve-- lolt Sight. The Gfriy..vi I'robity appe r, ; o
wh;re with greater I.ullre than in his Writing'.; and it
was the lingular Felicity of tliis great Travtller, that with
a Capacity eciual to his Unilertaking, he loined a Candour
altogether iinblemilhed. I.et us then rdume the Thread
ot his Narration, and after iravrlling witli him through
hi.kjlM, embark with hiiu at Si-.U for tlic Voyage ot
the l)i.i;es.

2. The Eat^li/Jj chief Pir.Ot.T h.wing taken Leave (,!
the(;ovcrnor'ol Sitmi, i\w Fnd "I y.r^iirfy, 16J9, whc
received him with extraoiuin.-.ry (. ivility, and pr< lenred
him with a (iarment of Bi >c.u;e, befules many other lU-
rities ; and having Ipcnt two Pays more in taking our
Leaves of our IVieiuls, we went en Hoard the third in
Company with the new Preiidcnt, and all the other En-
pliji Merchants, where wc fealUni li-i three Days, and at
^ ^ 9 L '^^

I *

I' I Jki

■[.*■ ■ ■.'■ \

I :nM

i^rtll

^!t -i

774 77jt' Foyages and Obfervatiom of J. A. dc Mandcllloc, J>ook I

lart (ailed the Fifth in the Mary, am! came the lime ma Ptrfia, Sural, an J Europe, as allb alv.jivlanaul c

Night in Sight of the City of Daman, where we met with ko ; with the Later tlicy furnini the I'lovin.t.s ot /, .^

one of our Ship* tlut hail lUitl for a Vorlugutze Vcflcl y?fl)i, GoLonJa, ami Cacmaiuiel, who f( td, j,,,u,l < ,„ ^'''j''

thit was to go With us to Gm. The Ciove rnor of the City tics of Studs there. In ihe Motmiaiiis of lUUmiarnh

fent us a large N'effcl with VVine, and divers Re frcfliments ; l^rquc is made, but docs not appro^irh in ( i.culncfs to t'' '

for though the City was then bcTiegcd by the King of Dt- ot Guzaral. At H/wpcur are alnuulaiue "if Jcwcilnstri

tan, yet the 1 larbour being ojien, they had lutru ieiit Sup- deal in Pearls ; but they are not lo eheap here as in u^l

phes brought them by Si-a. The Kingdom oiDrcan, or oti, t I'laces. The Ponk^u:ze hive a conlid.rablf imj"

' am, by fonic called I'l/upour trom its caoital City, m this Kingdom, its |-'rontiers rcaa,ir,g within tour Leaou-'.

d$ all along that Co.Ul tiom InJeJtva, which is within ot G't<f. 1 lure are a fort of I'eopic called yenffuri ',

extends all along

twelve l^eagues of Cca to the South, as lar as SiffarJo.
The chief nuiitinic I'laces belonging to it arc Gatapour,
Kofipour, Qjrraptiiar, anil DjIuI -, but Vi/iapour the capi-
tal City, lies eighty Lcaguis from Dabul, and eighty-four
from Goa. This City is alwut eight Iaai;ucs in Lircum-
fercnce, Ix'ing encom(«ircd with a very high W.ill of Frcc-

"n I.,

in thi'

ot Gg(i. 1 iierc are a lort or I'eoplc calkil k'tntfai
Ihtan, who(e chut Biilinelv is to buy up vait Cjuantiiit;, c
Wheat and Rice iiere, and then cany it in great Caravans
of one tiiouland IJealls at a time to Imhjtan, ami other
n( if,hlx)uriiig Countries. They carry their families alontf
wi:h them, their Wives being to exjx'rt in managing of t|*
How, that they fervril them for a tjuard OKainll xheRai

,,. ..,,,1 ...I,... u,,i,i ° '''

llope, and a broad Ditch, ami many Out-works provided /«/.', and other Roblx:rs.

With X thoufam' Pieces of Iron and Hrafs Cannon. The Two forts of Money arc current in Vltcany tlie Lir.ijj

R.nal I'alaee is in the very Centre ot the City, three thou- or Unii, which come from Pafia, and the Vaioiai ■ tieh[

(an.'l live hundred I'.«cf$ in Comi.ils being diviv'.ed fioni of the firft make a P.t^o.!, wI-.kIi is equiv.ilait'to tui'zJ;r/i

the Bixly of the City by two \V .ills, and .15 many nitrhes.

The City h.is no his than live Suluibs, whctc mt)ll ot the

Merchants live \ and in the Suburb Champokr moll of the

Jewellers have their H.ibitations. The Inhabitants are for

of Dahul ; their CopiK-r Com is called lutry.f.r.qufi^ |„|,j
whetcuf go to a Pitit, and eighteen ot thclc tu a Uri]
bcfides which, each City, nay, cich VilJas^c of Nott, h.u
its peculiar Coin, which, to^nhcr_with ^thc Countcrfiit

the nio'.l pan Natives of the Kingdom of Daan, the rell Coin, breeds no final! Conlulion. Their Weights are t!,c

are Ratijani, Maquis, and Ge/iiives.

! he City of DaM a featcii on t!ic River Iltlrjiacko, in
i;" 40' on this Sule of the Line, Ixring one of the molt
ancient Citirt in the Kmg'lom of Datn ; but is without
jithtr (jates or Walls detended only on the Hivcr-fule by
two lUttcries. As you enter the River, you fee to the left
H mil a Wood, and near it a CalUe, as atfo a white Tower,
wiiii h ferves for a Pagrxi ; but is a ijooi! Pirtftion for Fik)ts.
Its l-ntrance Ixtng none of the belt by rcalon of a long
Sand Bank at the very Mouth of it, which at low Water
IS quite dry 1 the only late way to ctiapc it Ls to keep to the
Soutli .Side i til'. re, at low Water, you have tive or fix F«-
thom Water, though at the veiy Mouth you lave not
above twelve or fourteen Font , witlr.n a I--eaguc belore you
come to the liivcr is very Life riding lor Ships though the
R Ml', in the Bay of 'A.^nquizjrj, lour I .eagucs thence is
inccirpar.-ihly better. The Marhi-.T of Cm.ipour, the moll
excelhnt on a'l that CoalV, lies twrlvc l-eagues thence, the
\'(l!eLs being llultr red here by an aiijoccnt Illand ag.unlt all
WiniN. It hes in 17' 10', asd tiventy L.i-ague5 tiom G'c*.
Three Ixaguc^ from tiic liiivl 1 Lrl^our lies t.'ic City of Rof-
Jafo.ir, one of the l-ell maJiiinic 1 owns ot tlu- Kingdom
ot Deum i and nineteen leagues tiitncc 13 tli:; Bay of Win-
I'-fla, a very convenier.t Haven. It lies three Leagues
from the If^i i^u(mMl,i.<. We w.'l ih.w conu- to its Inhabi-
ta-ts, wh:c;i are nther B.ifj.im, or MobammeddKj .

I he chief Trade of the Ciiy *'t Dabul is in Salt and
I'lpjTr brooglii thither t.om (Ju:»uijmmara. Ihey ulcd
fcimerly to drive a confuicrable 1 ralfiik inpe>/ia, and the
K!J->ta ; Kit thry lend L-ut few .Ships thither now. The
onlinaty Cullom paid here is j /. 10 J. pfr Cini. fnit the
En^iijb pay only or.e Monty uf.t. Tinmgh the guatell I'ait
(I I'le l:hil)ifant'. of the Kingiiom ot Duan 01 Lumam arc
Ba'j'ini, ya are they not to avale to llefli as the (Jihers
in i.'ir huUi ; tor tiny wi)l Iced ujx^n any HelL, except
that of an Ox, Cow, Hultaloi, and Swmc i for the lalt
tliey have an abiclui'- .AUiiuinal;on, ami the Ox and Cow
are tr, griat \"ti;eration w.ih tl.cai. In tiicir Lilc and Con-
v:r;rf(.ui', .Mariiac'v, I'uruiiaiicn ,, and < ther Ceremonies,
tL;y foiiow t.'ic hiKiUhj s of tlii: other Jiaiijiini.

Tlicir I I'abit.itions aie only Cottages of Sua*, the I>)or5
licing (o low, that one ean't go in without Ih^iping. 1 heir
1 iii.iii.ie aii.ounts to 10 mure than a Mat to deep upon,
a-.ij !■> the n.iillt ot the 1 let you fee a 1 lole 111 the Cjrtjund,
\*hc{cin ihfV t>eat the Rice. They ilon't iliHt-r in their
liu'it fr;jm the cjjhtr liiir.;.ir.<, ixiept that they wear
mollly W ooijen Sh(x-s titd up over the Inllep'. with Leather
Straps i but thur Cliildrrn go naked, till they arc leven or
e j',ht Years ot Age. Iheir Armi are the lam- with the
lnuijlam 1 moll el 'hem ar-' tjoKlliiiiths l.y Tiade, though
ton,'.- alio pioIcK I'h) .',1 . .icd Suigery , tin y hive aho loine
t.i.'t enter, Malons ami Bailnrs among them.

''lie duct Commerce of the Kingdom ol Dtciri ronHnt
11 Pepper and l'ioviii.j|-,s. The fitfl i» tranli vrteu thence

fame with thofe of Guzurat, except that twenty Macm i,i
Sural inake tweiity-tcvcn in Duan, the onlin^ry A.',;,,
confilling of forty Cetrts, ami one Coppnjes nuke tw;;-,f.
leven Pounds, catn of wiilcij Jus two Marks ; they tuvcj
jutticular Weight for Pepj>er called. G(o>i:y, wei'-liin-
twelve \Licns, four of which make an luiiklrcd Wt.ul.r'
and twenty a Cinday.

The King of De<an, or h't/i.tpour, h tributary to li-
Circat Mogul, thouj^h it Iw fuivtiolinl he can n;fc tv.o,*',ui.
dred thouland Men ; and ihtle Kinr;'-, have had cunf^irr-
able Wars witli tlie J'criugurze, hoiu vvliuin they tmi
twiec the City of GW in i/;Soi but at lal'., finding tin:
War dclhuctivc to their C> nmcrce, came to a Compol;-
tion with them, which la;U-d till iuj8, when the Poni,-
guizt having fei/.-.-d lome of the King 01 Ocwn's Slur',
wimh, lor.trary to thei, Ai'ic. ii'.cru, •'■'■ carrying pi;.'j:t
to Maca and Perfu, tliey came asi,iin to ti I'.'itRs. 'llie
King ot Dtcan li fanioin tor hi': i',r-.it Aitiileiy, of whiili
he has more tlian any ot the hdian I'rinees, and amoiis;!!'
rell one great Piece of B:: !.. Caniion, the Ball wjinor
wciglHtii eight hundied U'r.j^nt, ami icqiiircs llvehunit;^;
anil lorty Poumls ot line I'owutr. The hngincer who taft
It was an Itaiidii.

^ But to return to our Voyage, early in the Mornir^,
Jjiiiary the 7th, we eaiiu- before the City Bjuin U!.-:;-
ing to the Poriugu:Zf, wluie \se llaid lijir.e ll-jurs 111 1-x-
lv.-ct;ition of a cc n Jeluit we wire to carry to G'i,.i ; h..:
he not coming, cuntmueti our Courlc, bur were liar ;
got a League i^.orc we (aw a Portufjirz.' Frigate eoiiic
after us -, we luck'd our Sails till Ihe came near U5, and Ijuis i
her to Ik* a V'eirrl that came on purpoie to Lro alcni; wuli
us under Knglijh Colours, for tear of being iiuriruptMl Ly
the Duub ; Ihe brought us lome Prelents, -jiz. tluce Ox :■,
tome Sheep, Oiangis, Citrons and Bread trom thetjova
nor. The Mth we la.icd «ith anotlier Wind by the I ''Sil
Bar.Jtra and Hemhjy, wimli ilreti!i--d along t!ic Coait Irijm
Bacam to yi/i.ipiuy, th-. lail ha, a gooil fitud Ii.r .AmIh-
rage, and l^ of a urrtiy large f.xtei.t. On tje 10th we l.ilo!
by Ra/tfipcur wiilun iw( rity om- I .e ai',u- •. ot iV;.;, aiu! in the
Afternoon by the City oi I'mXi'Lt, where the DutJj havt;
a Settlement fciir Leagues from Goa, and in the bviiimp,
came in Sight of the liivs ab'j'.it Goa, and ot two liieblh.it
Iccurc the i larbour. On the 1 itii we came to an .A ulior
under the Fort de Guurda, whii li lie-, not above a M.li- .'luin
the City of Gva -, we law fix tj.uleons and a Carraek 1:1 ilr.
Haven i ioon .'''rr came aboard us a Pcriufuczt Captain tj
complement tiie Ln^l'.jh Prelident in the Viceroy'', N.imf,
and immediately alter the Commodore of the Cjalie'ini.
The 1-larbour of Goa was then blocked i.[i I v tftrlve
D\tUb Ships, notwithUanilmg which we liiw loniiif? in a
Caravan, conlilting of thrrc tiuiuirtd linall i '.Mllidg \cl-
fcls laden with Pepper, Omger, Cinnamon, SJj^r, Kio.-,
Fruiti, and I'relirrvcs, bclides aljundancc «f Pruviliuns.

The

^"o^S I'ook I. I Chap. H. through the grcateft Part 0/ M^ E A S T - I N D I E S. 7^<

•11 allu al)'.llV.I:ln,-.. »l /' ^1 'I'L. ir^^Un, VrrC\Afnt vlhnCf Riinnaro !■•« ..».. ^U:.a.. t >l O.L -1!_.J ..-.I ^1 . T r ■. t ■ „ .

alio «l)'.iiv.lanc(; qI Q.
I Ik- I'loviiuts ot /.J,.
'lKirtt<li{-,,u,l(^,,,"(,.

'•ulnnCKKlncrstotlut

im!.inc-t(,| Jcwcilnsthat
lo thrap here as m io,„.
ivc a coiilidtrabli- Imj..

^Mr.« within luurLfapuTj
'foplc culltil kiHtfan 1",
l)iiy Hi) vuil i^uantitici c'

cany it m great Caravani
ic to Imhjhin, ami othtr
carry their I'aiinliej alonj/
cxjHTC in managing of the
a OuarJ againll the Rajh-

rnt in Decan, tlie Lir.wj,
', and tlic I'agoJas ; tight
is equivalent to tui L^m
tailed h.iry.tiv.qua, kk

hti'Cn ot ilido to a Urii,
Mc!i Village of Note, hii
her with the Countctfct
Their Weights arc the
:ept that twenty Mw.s tf
can, the onimary A.',;,;,
ic Coppnja niakc tw;iuy.
two Marks j they luvc j
called. (j(on:\\ wci|:hin'
lukc an huiKlrcd Wcu'..'.,

.ipcur, is tributary tii t;,-
i^led he ran xv.W: twohin-

Kiii'_',s have had cunluia-
, tioin wiioin they to(,i;
; tut at lal;, finding thi;
Ttf, came to a Coinpoli-
11 lujS, whrn the hriu-
(-• K:ng oi f)c:un\ S;i:cf,
•.ciu, ,.' .•'•carryiii;:;Pi-;'pj
iniain to ll :-.';tns. 'Hit

^r.-at Atriiltiy, of wh'ti
«»; I'riniet, and among tlr
Lafiiiun, the Ball wh r:of

and icqiiircs five hundii ;
r. 1 he hiijjincer who lj:';

^e, early in the Mem;: ;,
re tiie City Ba^isn b;!..;.;-
c ilaid loir.c 1 lours in fx-
\v;re to carry to Gi,.i ; h..:
ar L'ourfc, hi:r were liar ■:

I'ortufitez; l-'r:gatr com..-
Ihe came near u«, and toi.:; i
1 purt.oie to go along witii
rar til being iiurrrupinl l.y

Frelcnts, ':iz. tliice Ox : ,
11. d Bread ffoni thcGiiVir-
lother Wind by the I 'oil
tchcd along t!ic Coait Itom
5 a goo<.i Kcwd tc.r Ar.chd-
tei.t. On t.'ic lolh wel.iW

1 ,r jgu- '. ot iic.:, and m the
'/.;, where the l)iitJj\\i\'<:
1 0'-5J, and m the- l-ven:!;(',

iioa, ;::ui ot two h.eb tli.it
ith we tami; to an .A.eii'ir
1 lies not above a M.iilium
iileons .-iiid a Carraek lii tin

us a /'i.r/i/»«fzc CaptJin to
L-i:t in the Vk:er(-y''. .N'amr,
miiKxiore ot the (jali^oni.
I'.-n blocked i.|> i v thrive
wliich we law toniing in a
uiuired linall loKlliiig Vef-
, Cinnamon, btJf^r, Hiv\-,
iUundaiicc of PfoViligns.

The

The Englijb Prefident, whofe Bufincfs here was chiefly January the i8th we dined with the jefuits at their Col-

with the Direftor of the Exchequer, went to pay him a lege called Bon Jefus. The firft thing we cbfcrved in their

Vilit, his Trumpets Ibimding all the way as he went up Halls were the Pifturcs of many Princes and Ptrtbns of

the River, who received him with great Demonftrations Quality that had been of this Society, and the Hiftory of

of Friendlhip, Ixcaufe they had known one another long their Martyrs -, among whom we found thofe of that Fra-

before ; being carried thence to his Lodgings, he defired, ternity that were engaged in the Gunpowdc- Plot in £»?-

gnd had Audience given him immediately by the Viceroy
His Palace lying on the River-fide, we found divers of his
Ucntlcmcn there to receive and conduft us into the Hall of
Audience, in the Anti-chamber of which Palace we law his

land ; upon which Account they made us an ample Re-
lation of the Sufferings of their Brethren in Jupan, and t!ie
unheard-of Cruelties exercifed againft them as well as tiie.
Japanefe Chriftians. Thence they brought us into their

Ciords (landing in two Files. The Viceroy himfelf was Church, which for its Greatncfs and Sumptuoufneis may.

HreflTed in black, and fo were all his Courtiers, and at the
coming in of the Prefident rofe out of his Chair till the other
was fat down : After fome (by the Prefident was rc-con-
dufted to the Water-fide by the fame Gentleman that
brought us thither; as we palled along we were (hewn
twelve of the Viceroy's \ lories, richly accoutered, and a
Biggel, a Creature much about the Bigncis and Colour of
a Rain-deer. Its Mead like an 1 lorli-, its Main like an
Afs, with black cloven Feet, and two black Horns on his
Head.

We had frarce dined when we were crowded with Vifi-
tants, moll of the Perfons of Quality among the Portu-
ruez:, and the Deputies of all the Monalleries coming to
complement us, the ten Days we (hid at Goa being fpent
in nothing but Fcilh ami Vifits. 'l"he moft inagiiificcnt
Kntertainment of all we received from a certain I'rrlugiieze
Lord, who was then Governor of Mozambique; each Coutfe
conlirtcd of four Diflies, hut we had fo many of them, and
liich Variety of Meats, Fruits, and PrclVrves, that I fcarcc
ever faw the like in my I -ife i and to add to the reft, wc
were fervcd at the Table by four very handfome Malacca
Maids. The i6th we were inviteii to the profelled Houfe
of the Jefuits ; it confitleil of an hundred and fifty Fathers,
and as many Students ; but the Structure, which was four
Story high, antl very Ipacious, could have contained a
much greater Number. \Vc pafied through the Hall,
wh^'re wc found Tables let all along the Walls with Trench-
ers, I>inkinp-Cups and F'.arthen Pots. In the niidft of
the Hall we law another fquarc Table, intended for fuch
of their Society as were bound over to pcnnance, upon the
account of fonie Delinqurnry or other. Towards the
F.ntry ftooii a Pillar, from whence ilTued out a Spout ot
Water for the Conveniency of wafhing their Hands ; wc
were thence condueled into a noble Apartment, richly tur-
nilhed, and adorned with TapelVry, where a Table ftood
ready prepared tor us in the miitllof the Room, covered
with Fruits and Bread in Porcelain Dithcs, which is here
preferreil bt lore Silver.

The Father Provinrial having placed the Englijh Prefi-
dent on Ins right 1 land, tet down, and lb did the tc(t of
the Company ; ti) that betwixt every two fat twojetuits to
entertain us. The M»ar was likewile ferved up in Porce-
lain VelVcIs, as well as the Defert. After Dinner wcwere
brought into feveral Chanitvrs to take our Repofe, accord-
ing to the Cutlom of the Country ■, after which we palled
inu) another fpumus I (all, where we ha.l the Diverfion ot
Paiinng, by < ertam Indian Children brought up in the Ro-
man Calh<^li^k Reli'3;ion ; there were among other Shews
an F.ntry maiie by titt;-en Perl'ons having in their Hands
fome I'laes of a > ■« ken Pillar, and divei

Flowers, wherewitli ih- y idome.l the Pillar, after they had
with ex.irt Obl'eivaiue of the Culence, each in their leveral
Turning put it tof'/ther \ .ind \mh\ after we law at the Top
of the Pillar came out a Tulip, which opening ot itlelt by
Doors, produced the Image o( the BklVed Virgin, with
our S.iviour 111 her Arms \ belidcs which, the Pillar opened
in I'cvcral other Places and calUorth pertumed Waters •.
after which the Dancers took the Pillar to Pieces again, and
carried it oil" itam ing as they had brought it in. We had
«nother F^ntry of twelve young I. ads, each playing ujwn a
peculiar liiUrumeiu. lome Morrisd.inccrs, and the Bal
W.U conckuled with another I'.ntry of twelve Boys drcfTcd
like A(>es. who imit.ited thole Creatures in their Ixapings
and (Jethires to the Lite, riuy farther told us, that they
ufed thele Inticements to brin- over the Pagans and Mobam-
medam to the Church, and to divert their Difciplcs atier
thtir Studies,

without all Cotnparifon, challenge the Preference before any
Church the Jefuits arc Mailers of in Jfia. The high Altar
was one of the moft magnificent that ever I beheld of that
kind ; but that which was dedicated to Saim Francis Xavier,
whom they (tile the Apoftle of the Indies, exceeds the other
in Riches.

Here we faw his Image drawn to the Life, upon V\'ood,
and they were pleafed to tell us, that his Body was ytt to be
feen in the fame Church as intire as it was the firft Minute
after his Death •, nay, they farther told us, that the Body of
this Saint being hid in the lib of Ceylon, was difcovered by
its odoriferous Sant, which was perceived many Leagues at
Sea ; in which the good Fathers were not a little deceived,
fince the Scent, which is fmcllcd at a great Diftancc from
the Illand of Ceylon, proceeds from the vaft Number of
Cinnamon Trees which are all over that Idand. Befides,
that this Story does not agree with what Maffaus, one of
their Authors, tells us concerning this Saint, viz. that
having preached the Golpel in the Indies, he came to
China, where he died immediately after his landing -, and
that the Mailer of the Vefill having put his Body into un-
flacked Lime, in order to carry his Bones .iway, this cor-
roding Matter did not exert its Virtue upon it, but the
Body remained entire and uncornipted, and had a very
odoriferous Smell ; whereupon it was relblvcd to carry ic
to Goa, which was done accordingly. As we were going
from the Church to the Refcflory, they tbrgot not to en-
tertain us with the Miracles of this .Saint, of his raifing the
Dead, commanding the Sea and Winds, as well as the
Sun, the laft of which he brought back an Hour after
Sun-fet.

We faw in the Hall here Tables for above two hundred
Perfons, but only the moft confiderable dined with us, the
reft waited : Our Entertainment was much the fame as in
the other College, but we had moft excellent Canary given
us ; and though thefe Fathers have the Reputation of ex-
traordinary Sobriety, yet out of Complailance to our Com-
pany, they were not backward in making the Cup go
round when they perceived we liked the Wine. They .ilib
carried us up into the Steeple, whence we had a full View
of all the City, the Sea, the River, and the adjacent Coun-
try, as far as the Mountains. The next Morning two of
the Fathers came to our Lodgings to ftiew us the Hofpital
which is under the Intpedion of the Jcluits. It is a very
large and noble Strufture, containing as many Chambers,
Flails and Galleries, as will conveniently lodge and accom-
modate one thoufand fick Perfons -, each Bed is marked
with a particular Number, and fuch as are not taken up are
dirtinguilhed by a particular Mark. The Kitchen and
rs (iarlamls of Apothecary's Shop arc well worth Obfervation.

I found

the chief Uiftempers of the Sick here to be the Blocdy-tlux
and the Pox. They have this Cullom, that as loon as any
Patient is paft all Hopes of Recovery, he is Ihut up in a
priv.ite Room with a Prieft, that the reft may not be di-
ilurbed by the Groans of the dying Perfon.

Hence wc went to the Convent ot our Lady belonging

to the Auftin-l-rtars, which being built upon rifing Ground,

makes a moft glorious Shew at a Dilhince. I delivered to

them the Letters of Recomnv-iaiion 1 had received from

their Brethren at Ifphahan, whicli n,a.ic them treat me with

more than ordinary Civilities, ihewing me all the lich

Copes and Vcllmcnts belonging to the Monafteries, and

offering me all that lay in their Power for my Service

The Prefident having by thic time received nine thoufand

Pounds due, and a Promife of the Payment of the reft to

fuch of the Englijb Merchants as were to ftay behind a:

Goa he gave a fplcndid Entertainment to all luch as had

** Ihcwsd

^ '4

1.1

1' 11 \>

i 1
1

m :|

, III

7'he f^'oyagcs ami OhjCrvatiotis of ], A. dc Maiulcliloo, Cook J

1 ►• \.

ii'ip «'

.-/.ill !-:,
'■^y ! '' t

--6

flicwcd us ai»y Civilitirs, and after having taken his I.favc,
the (iovcrnor and tommodon: of the Ciallcons lent him a
rrclciu ol Cinnamon. Canary, Sheep, Imimh, ami anient;
iIk rcll a Ikxtle of Oil made ot the Klowetb ot Cinnamon.

4. On the :i.)th wc left Gca, and upon the Kiver mit
with an huiKiicil Imall \-lVils wliich came from the Coall of
MiiUhiir : wi- wi re no looncr i;t)t out of the River, hit we
made Ihait to tlie Portufuezc Meet, and went alioard the
Mai; (iaileon called Iii»i Jefus, carrying fixty-four (inns,
aiid'^lix hiintlicd Men ; ihe was a very noble Ship, and wc
were entertained with extraordinary Civility by the Com-
modore, who llirwed 11? Iikcwife all the other Ships-, at jxirt-
ing wc had the uliial Salute trom the whole Portugueze
Fleet, as alfo from the lort dt Cu,irJa. As fmin as the
Prcfident was come >in Board, he returned them twenty
Guns, which the CommcK'ore aniwcred with as many, anil
fu came to an Anchor in the Road betwixt the Pcrtuguczc
and the Duub.

But before wc take our Leave of Gdt, it will not be amifs
to fay fomcthing of what wc iuund moll remarkable in a
Place, wliich is ihc Capital ot all l)clonu,ing to the Portu-
gu(ze in the /«.;Vc.t. It lies in the Kingdoin ot Decan, 1 5'

a I .itter, or Gontlola, one Slave anion.; the red ror.lla'u'"
attending him with .\u Umbrella. ' ' '

The Purtufiucxe have always hail tiir KeputJtioiu.i Ix'p..
a very proud Natidii v but thole ct (,e,; jue fo to fuii,
l-'.xcels iHJth in tluir tJciUiies and Aciioii';, as is fun-, t'
Ik- expren'ed-, lu)wev< r, .-liey are very ccr« inoiuous to „')'
aiiothiT, to fu( h a I'lmiHtlio, that if lor Inllanc;; in a v' '
any thing Ihoiild W omiited that is judged culicaury v '
Ih longing to ti.e I'erlon that requires it, lucli a Stain cj
ndt Ik- wifx-d olf without a Cudgelm^r^ or Hluoil-flitif!
with the firll they arc very lilK-ral towards inferior Ptrfui's'
it they think them to have Ixen wanting in KelixcUiiie tj
thole of a iKtter Rank.

The South-well Winds, which begin to liluw her? to-
w.irds the Knd of "June, bring the Winter Seafon alun^'
with them, whith continues (or lour Montlis all alon'' thai
Coall, from Ihu as tar as the C.ipe Ccnicrin, at which I'lnic
the Ireiiucnt 'IViiipelts m.ike the Sea fo turbulcr.t, thatthac
are but few Havens where Ships cm ride with Salciy
This IS the more to be admired, iiiafniiich as in the Unw
Months the CoalU ot CcycniMdc', wliieii extiii.i alorB the
lame I'eninfula on the other Side, and lies unt'.c-r the lame

on this Side the Line, in an llland of the fame Name, IJegreeof Latitude, nay, in Tome Places arc not alwetwciv

which IS divided trom the Continent only by a River. The
Fotui^ufZf romnK-red it the K'th of tibrUiirj 1510, but
li.lt it again the 30th of Miy following, and r< gamed it
iince more the 1 ith ot I<cr. ember in the lame Year, when
they tool; it by Storm. It w.is at tiiat lime a very conli-
derable Place ot I'rade, though it has much increaled fincc

t!ir Pcriu^urzf have l<en Mailers ot it. On the South Side but they fee on one Side a moll clear and temperate .Airj
' '" ' ■' ".- divided trom the Conti- and the Country on the other Side covered w:tli NVatirs, by

lie of Burdes to the North, the continual Rains and logs. Tlie Ships that go Imin

Leai-;\irs diilant from the Coad of M,i!,iiar, is blcfllJwiih
the moll plealant Sealbn of all the Year.

This is manifetl to tliofc who travel trom Coihin by Lind
to it. Tbcmas, when they mufl Cn Is the Mount.iiii of fi,;-
la^ctta, which divides this Den: IJlc ;as the /Ifpmim i!o
//j.Ji) and no fooncr come to the Top of the Muuntam

is the llland ot S.vjtiu, likewilc
nciit by a linail River, as is the 1
whtic there is late Anchorage tor Ships with all Winds
The Fort d( Gu^rda is built at the Foot of a Rock, upon
which is erected a Tower in Form of a Redoubt, whiiliin
t'le N:i;ht-time lervcs for a Bracon to Mariners i from tlie
Muuth ot the liivcr to the I larUnir is about two Leagues,
but it has the lame Breadth all alotig, though in foinc Places
it is to rtiallow, that in a dry Scalon there is not above two
I i.ot ^^■atcr.

The llland of Cm is (o barren, that it produces nothing
fit for the Suftenance of Men or Bcatls, except a few Fruits
in the Gardens, aixl a llender Share ot Grafs for I Jmbs
and (ioati -, notwithllanding which, they are fo plentifully
liirniQied with Pioviiions from the two l)efore-mentioncd
Illands, am! tlie Continent, that in Ipight ot the Blockade
<jf the Dulib, a 1 log was then fold tor a Crown, fix luck-
ing I'lgs, ten Pullets, or eight Wild-ducks, for the fame
Price i but Biit aiul Mutton is a great Rarity here. There
is a bountain rej rrfcnting Ijuraut, out of whole Wound
iducs forth as nuKh frelh Water as liipplies the whole City.
The Siiips provide thcmlelvi-s with trclh Water out of a
Rivulet, which coming out ot a Rock falls into the other
River near the Callle. The City h.i5 no other Derencc
but tliC River, laving neither tiates nor Walls; the
Building", arc grnctaily very hainilome, and Peilonsot Note
fhcw a great deaJ of MagnUiccncc here both in their Build-
L'igs and I urn;!ure.

The Inluls.tants arc of two forts, cither d/liz.", or
Mfjhzii -, the liril arc lu(h as are Iwrn here ot i'crtugufze
1 ather and Mother ■, the Iccond, thole who were begotten
by a P^r:u^uiz:, or an Indian. 1 he lall are inclining to an
clive Colour, aiu! in the third Generation bcconir.s as black
as tiie Natives ot the Country, which is alio obtirrvablc in
the tmrt'i («eneration of the Mjtiza, though there is not
tlse leall M.xture among them. 1 he PorttigtKzt arc dillin-
(.asfhcd Kilo level al Rankk \ 'Inu.j.icfi are tliole in pub-
l!«:k limij'oyments 1 l-idj.'xcs da idfa d<l Ki-y, are dentlemen
in ot-iiiiary to the King's Houlbold -, Aiotas bidjlgei arc
llic Sun-, ol the 'itiuladoes, adi:;ilteil to Cientihiy tiy the
Kir.f,;, tl.e Cv.jjVrfi; Inlalg^j, and Ejiudnut 1 idiil^ct
iiic limply Cici.il'-mcn ; iholc called A/odj da Cumra, or
(iruomiot tlie Kng's Chamlxr, pals alio tor Gentlemen.
Ail the jell are livmlrti, Hcitradoi, and koldada ; the (irtl
oi wiiith .-.re Mc rchants and apjx-ar as well x\ a.iy Cjeiitle-
II.. n, there Ixiag Karie any tiling here, except 1 .lylors
ami ShocTiuki is, but what are lervcd by Slaves; no IVrlun
01 t^iahty ever goes on Foot, but cilJicr on 1 lorJcback, in

Ormu: to the Cape of lioffitlgiiit luvc ni.ide the lame Ua.
lervation •, for no looncr have tiny palled the Cape, hut liie
fair Weather that has attended them thither iliangts on 1
ludden into dreadful Tempells, fo tliat it is evident there
are but two Sealbns in this Country, and the F'-iil and Wut
Winds rule alternately once a Day •, for the Thcrcntt?,
or land-winds coming from the i-ill, blow trom Mid-
night to Mid-day, but don't reach above ten Leagues into
the .Sea ; whereas the Sea Winds coming liuni tlic Well
(called Viralbns) blow all the rell of the IXiy.

This fo fudden Change of the Sealim, as wellascond.ir.t
Variation of the Winds, prove the Occalion of many Di-
llemiiers, efj>ecially that called Mordexin, whitli kiils
without IXlay, klides Fevers and Blootly-llux, the wily
Remedy againll whuh here is Bleeding. 'I iic Piagiie
... not lo much as known in the IitJta ; but t!ic I'ox dc-
tlroys a great Niimlx-r, and al)Ove all among the Form-
j^ufzt i fur tliough the Country itielf furnilbes tluni with
Remedies againll this Ui(lem[Hr, yet the Ineliiuiioiis be-
twixt the S^'Xes are to llrong and violent here, that th»y
wont atiurd themleives a proper Tunc lor the Cure at tliii
DiUafe, which is tluis propagated l>eyond all Hounds. As
tlie Women i.-i thclc Paits have an (xcelhve Iiulmatiun to
white Men, and aie always kept under Conllraint, they
will Venture very hard to eiuomjials tluir l.nds ; and to
purfuc this F'lid, iieijuently make ule ot the HerMJi.utro,
Doufr)', or Datura (as it is called by the Inditm] lo llu|,i!y
their I lulland's Sinles to get .m Opportunity ot enjoy, ig
wlur they to much delight in. This Herb, called by ti.e
Turks and Pirfuns Datula, is a kind ot Strainonea, aciorl-
;iig to the Garji.is iii- Ihrto, and Chrijljphtr de /Lojlr., Ui: j;
lomewh.it like our liars Fixit, and grows in the Indus in
Ihady Places; of tins they extr.ict "the Ji.:ee, whilll it is
gieen, or only take the Seed Ix-aten to Powder, and mix
It eidicr with Ptcleives, or in the Diiiik ot t.hole tliey i"-
teiid to flupify, wiiiih it does ctiectually tor twentyl-.
1 l(jurs afti ; he has taken it, lx:ing deprived ot all .Sen . -
Motion, though with his l-.yes opm, unlets lunie Ci
Water be applieil to the ."souls of hi-, beet, wli^h ic. iVerii
liim, as It We!'-, nut ol A louiul Sleep.

Scaice any J'oriugu.ze or Mjhzi VS'om; n are fecn to
walk III the Streets , but it they f',o u'noad uixiii lucell'ary
(Xi.ilions, they aie cairied in 1'al.iiiiiuins, or l.itieis, and
lo tlolily j'.uaided, that it u inipolliUle t.. Ijiea^ to tlieili.
'i'luy apjx-ar aiii ■.\^ luhly drelled, in Ve:vas, 'inks, and
BiocaJti,, adoiiicJ with Jewel., ili niijh ai tli.- l.i.ik mne

t'l.y

:lil

CillOO,

Cook I,

amuni; tlic rcll iur,fl.i;,['.,
I.

.ultlieRqHitatiotioflx'p,,

nJ Aciions as is ftarci!,
■■ ^'''ly ccrrtnrmn.us tiu,;it
:« it lor iMllancc in a Vn,

t is jik!geilni!l(,.:iuryvij
uircs it, lucli .1 Stain cui:,,;
"<'K'"'iii«. or Bluoilflicl;
al towaivls inlcricir Pcrlui.s'
wanting in Kilpcct line 10

cli bcpin to bluw hcrr to-
thcr Winter Scafun alon-,
tuiir Months ail along that
>e Ccmcrirt, at wimlj I'mic

.Scaroturliu!c;,t,i!iattlicrc
ii:'s can ride with Safety,

iii.iriiiin.h as in the Unic
■/, whiih txtcjij along tiic
aiul lies iinilcT the lamt
Places arc t;ot .iIhjw twetuy
lit MtiLibary u blefltJwith
le Year.

ra\ el from Coihin by Lmd
cn.ls ihc Mountain of ^,;-
I! IJlc 'as the Jfpcium lio
le 'lu;) of the Muunuai,
t clear and teniiic rate Air,
c rovcrtii w;tli Watiri, by

The Ships tliat •^o liuin
f luvc nude the lame Ob-
ty paUed tlicCaiK-, I'uttiie
them thither ihangisona
fi) that it is evident there
ry, and tlie I'-ill and Wift
Day ; fur t!ic 'rhcrcntt?,
ic L'-jft, blow trotn Mid-
ith above ten Leagues into
Js coming from the Welt
elk ot the Day.
■ Scalijn, as well asconnart
(he Ottalion ol nuiiy Di-
1 Moriiexin, which kuis
md Bl(xxiy-llu.x, the our,
i Bleeding. The I'lag.:';;
InJia ; but tlie I'ox d-
ovc all among the I'oriu-
itieit furnilhei tlieni with
, yet the Ineliiutions be-
nd violent here, tliat th-y
Tunc lur the Cure ot t..,i
li Ix-yond all Uninds. As
.ti) (xcellive liiilination to
pt under Conllraint, they
nijiati their I'.nds ; and to
c ule of the I lerb Uwutro,
by the Jttditm] tjllupity
\ 0[ip(jrtunity of enj(>yii;g
■J'hi', Herb, calad by tl;«
ind ot Stramonca, .utor,!-
'.hrijljphtr de A.ojhi, U-iiig
mil throws in the Indus \n
act 'the Ji.ice, wliihl it is
iten to I'owder, and niiX
e Dunk ol tliole they r-
lleetually lor tweiity-t>>:
g dejirivcd ot all Sen . '
. open, unlets lonie a
hi'. I'cct, wiiich H'. iveri

Sleep.

hzi Won'.; 11 are Ian to
\\o abroad uixni luirll'ary
ilaiiquins, or l.u:^^, and
polIil)le t.i Ij.ca. to them,
d, in Vfiv, t>, 'Miki, and
ih/jjjhai thv li.ik lime
tu.y

Chap. II. through the greateft Part of the EAST-INDIES. 777

' '■■•^[iitiiUl

,|,ry go at honic in their H.iir only, with nothing over rliem moditir.^ .Silks and Calicoes Th-v have alfo mn„v T^«,-

^"?SL'"vticoT'T?erT"i,'l;:t'''"^i',^"''^ ?'?' ^^'■'^"'"'^'''' ^^^ ^c^ t^ZQ^.

pamtcil Cahcoc I ctticoat 1 heir Faa- is not much better, kind at Goa, who exceed all the Europeans in that kind

being Riccfoakcdm Broth, F.(h Mangoes, and luch-hkc The C^mrhn live cither u{.on HuSmlrV or F (h ,"r

l.ood. They have certa.rj black Earthen Dnnkinp,- Vef- Some mai.itain themaives by man.iging the'^Co oa ' S

f,ls ailed Gorgollets whtcl, have P,p« corn.P!- „p as high fome by waOiins and whitening of Calicoes. The I uf

as Ihe Bnm, by which they k.ck the Water out of the bandmen furn.lh the City with Fow Milk,

Bottles. As Chaflity is a Virtue here among the Women,
produced rather by Nccellity than Inclination, fo their
Hulhands arc extreamly jealous of them •, notwithOanding
which, they will contrive all poffiblc means to have their

,. . .. , , Fruit .md

l'4jgs Their Wives arc fo hardy, that they never make
life of a Midwife, and arc no fuoner delivered, but they
wafh the Child theinl'elves, wrap it up in a few Fig-leaves,
and go about their Bulinefs again as before-, which makes

Sati^faftion, m li'.te of the Danger that attends it. This them fo ffrong and healthy, that they frequently live to

nnill be in a great mc.ifure attributed to an idle Lite, hav- an hundred Ye.irs of Age. 'They arc fo excellent at Swim-

ing nothing to do to fpend their rime but in chewing ming, that nothing is more common than to fee them over-

ot Iketie, Clovcf, and Nutmegs A (marl able Inllancc turn in their Boats, which hold no more than one Pcrfon

c,fthisAfWtionistlieLovethe/«rf;rt/. VV,.i,,enbrartothe and fwim afliore without any harm cr lofs of the Boat

Children begotten by an /:«ra/.,w/, which is fuch, that they They burn their Dead, but their Women are under no

would rather die than part with them. Obligation to burn thcmfllves with their llufbands, but

The Soldiers at Coa live at a very odd rate, being not only make a Vow of Widowhood. ' Here are two forts

lifted under any certaiii Companies, or Officers, unlefs in of Je-xs, cither Iwn in the Indies both by Father and

Time of War •, Init m Time of Peace .at Liberty to feck Mother-fidc, or that come hither from Pakjiinc, the lafl of

their Fortune where they can, as having no other Pay but which commonly fpcak good Spanijh : They enjoy a per-

what perhaps their former Otliccrs allow them voluntarily feCt Liberty of Confcience, and have their own Syna-

towards their SublilK-ncc, that they may keep them at gogucs. The AMaww.rrt'i. .; here deal molt in Spices from

hand upon all Occafions. You fhail fee ten or twelve of the Rcd-Sfii.

them live in a Hut, having not aliovc two or three Suits The Pcrttigiiezc trafHtk to Bengal, Pegu, Malacca, Chi-

of Cloaths among them all, which they wear by Turns, na, and Cambaya, in Guzaral. From Seven o'clock in

when they go abroad a Ix-gging, or feeking their L.iveli- the Morning till Nine, when the Heat logins to encreale,

hooii where they can meet with it. The Pcrtiigueze you fee all Perfons of Quality and Gentry meet in the

flicw a deal of Magnificence in their Marriages and Chrilt
cnings. T"he Bridegroom, accompanied by all his Friends
and Relations, goes to Church on Horftback, the Briile
folk)wing him in a Litter-, lioth have two Godfather?, who
prcfents them to the Prielt, after the Bcnedie^tion is
given, they return in the lame manner to the Houfe ; but

Market-jilace to divert thcmfeives, partly with hearing of
New?, or elfe to fee what is to be bought- and fold there.
Merchants and T'radcfmen have their peculiar Streets, or
Stations afllgncd them, according to their different Profef-
fions-, but their greated Profit i.s in exchanging and buy-
ing or telling of Money, efpecially the SpaniJI}\\o.h, and
alfo their Coin is of divcrle Sorts.

none are perniittcd to enter with the young Couple except Per/tan l.nns

the Goiifathers, who go all together into a Balcony to give Their fmallell Money is of Tin, having a Globe on one

the Company Thanks ' jr this Favour. Their Chriltenings Side, and on the other two Arrows crofs-wife. F.i'^ht

arc performed with the fame Pomp, fave that they cairy of thefe Bafcri)iqties make a Ventin, five whereof make a

ilfo an Fiwcr with a clean Napkin, a .Saltfellar, a Silver Taiigc; live Tanges make a Serafn of Silver, which makes

B.ilbn, furrounded with Flowers, anil a Wax Candle, in -joo Rets -, fix Ta>:g''s goes to a Pardai. The Scrajin has

which is put a Piece of Gold or Silver for the Pricll ; but on one Sule St. Sdjojlion, and on the other aQiiivcr full ot

the (Todfather or Midwife are always carried in a Litter. Arrows. There is alfo a Serafin of Gold, coin'd former-

1 he I'crtugueze entertain a great numlu-r of Slaves of ly at Orwuz, the Metal of which exceeds in Finenefs any

toth Sixis. 'J'hefc they employ both in their Retinue, other Coin in the Indies. Tliey have alfo San'.emes of

and about all other Buiintis: As for initance, in felling of
Fruits and other things, when they will be tiire to pitch
ujioii hand fome Wenches, which draw Iboncr the Cuf-
tomers to them, and contequently fill at a dearer Rate.
All that the Slaves get belong to their Midlers, even tlu ir
Children, whom they keep, or fell like Cattle, uiilels the
I-athers redeem them within eight or ten Days after they
are tiorn. They keep them at a very ealy Rate, their
Diet l^eing miferable, and their Cloathing lieing only a
little coarle Calicoe to cover thiir privy jiarts. The In-
habitants of the neighlxjiiring Country an- I'ngaiis, am
iwrally Banjans, who dwell in llr.iw 1 hits, with little
Doors which ferve altf) lor Windows. Thiir whole Fur-
niture lonlills of little Mats made of Hiillies, which liive
Ujth tor Beds and Fables, a Drinking-Ciip .-ind Pitcher
made of Fig-leavis, their daily Food b(in,". Rice. 'Fhey
arc to fupentitious, th.it if after they have lai I tin ir Pray-
ers, thev go abio.ul anil meu witli a C'low, th- y return
home, and dir no more abro.id that Day. I'poii the
Koads they conll.antly pay their Devotions rn the P.igod-,
whidi the /'cr/K^'Hi-:.' connive at, their In juilition going no
larther than to Chriltians, or fuch as have tieen fo.

Their Ceremonies and manner of 1 iviiuT are th-' fame
with thole ol Dci.ut. On.- ihint?, is remarkabh- among
I'leni, that liuir I'hyfuians are in 1 ) !;reat i-.lteem at Goit,
that they are generally preferred Utore the P.rtugucze
iheml'elvcs, .iiiii are periuitted to h.ive their Umbrilli'-i
cirried aloni', witli them, a I'riviledj'.e allowed here to none
hut IVrlbns Of Q^i.dity. I'luy will not eat with any bo-
lytxiepr till ir own Scit, not even in a Journey, though
they Ihoiild be driven t(j the greatell Fxtremity. 'I here
hvi-sat Ci';.; many Dwtnn.^ and Canarins, who keep Shops
t'lerc, and exihang; their I'ii vilions and other Commodi-
t .•. thrv biing, tor Porcelain. Velvet, Uainalk, China Com-

N I,' »! B . r.'..

fix Targes, and Pagods of fourteen, fifteen and fixteeii
Tangcs. Foreigners are oblige.l to pay eight per Cent, on
all Commodities exported or imported, but gre.it Modera-
tions are ufed in the Taxations ; belldes, that if a Mer-
cha.u haipprn to export the hw.c Commodities for want of
Sale, they arc alloweii to export them without ["'aying any
funlier CullLmi. T'hey have alii) a Way of entering the
Commodities they buy at G'.a under the Seller's Name,
and lb they pats Cultom free.

The X'ueroy who w.is there at our Time was one Don
1 ge- Pedro de Siiva, who was ^^i no great AfpeCt, but was lor the
rell lerved in the tame State as a King. T'his OlHce is ne-
ver continued a!x)ve three Years in one Perfon, which is
tiifHi lent to enruh him even to a very high Degree -, for
I'.e has the Manageinent of the King's whole Revenue,
is at the Chai.7;e of keeping his Court, and, in the Progrefs
he makis once a Year, for f.xty or eighty Lea^-iies round,
he receives vail: Prelents from the neighbouring Princes
and Govftnors ; for thougli ho has his Cciuneil ot' State,
anil (ourrs of Law and F.quity, yet is he the tolc judge
of .il! tivil Caul'es, unlefs they be of very gre.it Conte-
qiience, when an .-Xppcal lies to the King-, but in criminal
Caufis no Appeal is admitted, if the Peifon Ix- under the
Degree of a Cientleman ; for thefe mull be fent with the
Information brous'Jit againll them to Pa-iugal. The Vice-
roy at his Arrival .ilways laiuls lint in the Ifle of Bardes,
I ruin w-hence he fends his Deputlts to his PrcdteeHur, who
thereupon t^uits tlie Place.

.-;. On the 2 2d the Z-J.'i;.'.}?' Dirciflor having fent aw.ay
tin- two Ships that came aloii!"; \^ ith us toSuiat, to carry
thidier th" Money he had received at Go,i, wc hoilted
fill. Ill the l''.veniii!\ we fiw the whole D/f/t/' Fleet under
Sad, whence we judged that the Admiral, whole Name was
Cado'i, would have come on Board us, as he h.id promileil
J M he

.< I'
1 t\r- -';

-•111 ^i

5 * '

m i

■ 1,' i -'

: '4--

: <1\

^'i

--8 The Voyages and Ohfci-vatiuns of J. A. <ic MaiKlclHoc Look I.

bouring Brooks forces fo imicli l'.aitli duiin^ tlutlim.
iiuo the Moiitli ol ihc Haii)oui, that ii is tloppnl „,, j,, i
(juitc uniulFablc, lili the Wiiul, which « Iuhrcs witli tl

he wouIJ, but we luft figlit of tlietn by Night. On tlir
jji.! wc haJ lir,ht nf thciii again, .mil fiijipolVd that they
ftccrcd their Coiirfc towanls Ceylon, to i,M\ the King
againft the Pcrtuguczc. About Noon wc foiiiul oiirlclvts
mit of tight nf the I^nd, in 13* I-at. Wc nucnilcil to
ftcrr lor the Coall of Afu.'jinr, uj-on Informailon tlut an
tnfi!;jh Ship, ri lily laden, coming from Biinl.im, wa.; taken
by thrlV, at'trr a brave Difcnrc, in wliich it luui bliAvn up
■bovr 1.00 ot tlic Ahars, ati;r they wire cntcicil the
Ship. Our Intent was to rcilteiu tlie MaiUr ami the
Mate with fcnirrcen I'riloiurs that were taken alx>ar(l her ;
I'lit coniinn; to an Am lior tlie lame Niglu in the I larbour
111 Cjfi.i'icr, wc toMntl thrrc Engl.Jb Ships 'l>c Dygon,
the Cxtbcrtiu, ar.1.1 tlic Srymcur, cummanJeJ by Captain
fl'rJdd, a very cxpcriercal Sea OiHccr, who ha-l Icrved
at the taking ol" Ormuz^ by whom Ix-ing intornu-d, that
moil ot thnlr Prifontis were lit at Libiity, wc relolvetl
to Irave thr Coafl of Mu.'ahr. The City ot CaHiintr is
inhabited by MaUL.'.n, a I'eoplr that inhabit that Coaft
from the City ot da is tar as the Cape ut Camatn^ but
ll»c Poriii^u. 7.( have a g'^od Fleet at CiDiaiicr,

All that IMi'l ot I jnd is very fertile in Spiiej, [ ut el-
pecially in Pe; j er, wliiili is trteenird iH-tter even than
thaftwhieh i< bnuiglil from Sumatra and 'Juva. 'I hey go
for t!ic mod part luikcd, exeept tliat tliey cover then pii-
vy P.u-t', h.iv; llul<s ill ihiir laj--, ai.d are like tin.' ^ifri-
(irn Mycr:, ex. ept tliat thrir l.ip:. are not qu.tc fo timk.
Thi;rHa:r t'v y tie in a Knot u;xjn the Ciown ui thrir
H'-ads ji,d let t!;c B^ard t;io\¥ vw!h<iUt any tfiiiimit^g,
w'lith mak'•^ tlicm appear nn re like Moi.llcrs than Men,
n-itht-r i'. th-.r internal DilpriCition ui.aiilwinilile to their
externa! Apjiearan'.e.bcir.,'^ in EtViit a v; ry uiitivili/.rd and
barbarous <jcnerit:u:i, and makuii; fur th- n-.oll part I'ro-
f-!Tion fithrr (it Piraey or Sok'.itry. 'lir. y ate lather
hcrcr than brave, handle tlieir li^ws and Ariow>, a- ,! -I-
fo t'.rir Swctds Mu\ Bueklcrt, witli lufiieunt IXxtenty.
Thry have thnr particular K.in^, who Ixiiig of tiie Sect
<T til'- Br.:man.\ is alio then I tighl'ricll, and lliles him-
fcif 7.itii;:i:n or li;r,p'ior ot CaKumr and CaLtkt. The
,^ -.sen are the (icntKmrn v\ the Cou'.ny, who |iy their

the
'<»iii<,U(xe i.uy
I
irj-

Seafon, tarries the lame into the Sea. 'Iju ;
tlie I'cppcr here from the King at a certain R.m" wIwh
one ol the moll [xitent Primes of .ill ihoic I'.uts I, , r
able to bring into the Field luo.ooo Men, moll Iv.n,,^
who arc obliged to apjiear in Arms at their own t, hai'.f '
llis Subjeds arc fomciiiing morccivihzod than the otht
Malabais, but obkrvi; the lame Rule in their Mjrri,i2f}
concerning the Brnminj, and conlequently in relixci of
their Suctellion. 'I'he ihict Tr.idc of Cochin is m pro-
per, (jinper and Cinnamon. I he Milaban hail turinct-
ly but one Kin(T, till Saiaoia J'tryml, who alunc rom-
niandcd on all that Co.itl Irom G'ea to Ccmonii, haviiic
emuratcd the M'.hammtdan Religion, and nlolvt j'ti; /pu'd
his Days Mti the .Sepiilehrc of tlic Prophet, divided his
Pominions among his nurcll Friends, umjer Condition
tiiat the Kings ot iiinancr, Ctdia and CL\>ul, Ihculd p.iy
Homage to the King ol Camut, \i^r,n whom h.r tJuc
leafon he be^owcd tlie 1 iilc ol Zaworin, cr I'.mptfor;
but notwiihllanJiiig this the King of CahiH is much mure
|x>t; nt than he.

6. On the aOili wc left CuHaiior, and the nrxt Day ciif.
C'lveied tighteen Sail ot Ships, whiih, niaknif; up tu-
wanls ii>, we began to luljxtt them lor Pirates, as iiuirej
tliry proved. We h.ul jult 'i'lnu: enougii to put ourf.lvti
ill a Polluit ot Deleiiie, when tlicy bigan to come pr.tty
luar us, but did i.ot think fit to .ittaik us till Mi, njuhr,
wlicn the Moon .liming vciy bii^'Jit, they lurri.Uidtii ta
on all Sides, but were lu warmly rtccivnl, tliat we lunit
two and dil.ibled thrtc or tour moie, wluth nutlf t!;."m
think ot retreating. We p.iiid that Niglit in Si^ntof
the F'oit ol LtiLiit, and tJie a.Mli law no more tiian lour-
teen of thel'c Pii.ucs loilowir.;; ui. at a Dillaneei «ec con-
tinued our Courle with a (air liale in S;g!it ol t!ie Cape (,i
LcmctiB, to the S. \L. ot us, being the moll lonthrm i^art
ot the India known among the Aiuieiits by ih- NaiiK'jf
ir.iiiu on tiiu Side the Uiingis. l he next iNipiit the Mi-
Ui.iri ni.ule a Shew as il tluy intciidcil to venture th:
other Brulli witii us ; but a Volley ot Shot, thoui^h with-
out HuUets, lent thcui a going, lo tlut we lieard no more
of them.

The 29th we camt within Sight of the Illand ofC/ylcn,
at tlie Very Point of wU clx we wen- Iveahiied lor three
Weeks. This fie extends troin the South-Fall to r'lc
North 1: d'., between the two Caj-es ol Ccmorin and A:'-

itJ

Pracclets and. Rings are iiirti!.gi;!lhed fiom li.e Poiya.', or
nilg;ir lorr, thefe lall Ixin;^ obi ged to go out ol thejr
">Vay, and p.^y tlv.tn a ixtOhar KefpiCt as ti.iy jials by,
I was t( Id, tlut wi the 1 .iiic ot the lillt S^f.ieilKlit ol ttic
Perr.i^utzt in thufe Pans, the A'wm pn tended to have
the lan;e Hor.ours from V.iC Poriu,utZ whivli tliele 'who
weie ni hfi j rund than the ot;.ei rtliil".ng to comply

with, it \\ai agrii ', tl.e UiliVttiife fV.ou!d Ih: dttideii by ^•.•/'<^J/.t«, about ten Ixaj^ii-.s Irom the Continent
a Hi.gle Combat Utwixt a rci:ug.uZ( ami a I)(r^ in Length king fixty Leagues, and its Breadth tony; its
whieli the firft havii'g got die Uttir, the Sr.y<rs ever Circumlcrente two hundred and litty j and, aeeonling to
flncr pay the fame Kelj^ect to the J'.nu^utze as the i\- the Kcfxirt ot tlu- Inhaintani^, its Compals was niiiih iar-
/rjV do to thim. i;cr Ulore the \'ioln,ce eii the Sta eaiiird away a large

1 h'V iiavc ajiwng orlifr Priviledgcs this, that they may Pan ol l«ind on t!ic Si ic n.warls (.:;w;;m. It is the
freely rntir the fJoufes r,f their Comrades, and picafe r^ hell and moll tertiie ot all the InJian lilands winch!
theniliivts with tlicir Wivis and Dauglitrrv, the Signal
bci.'ig to leave thrir Sword an 1 Buckler at i!ie 13oori winch
doiu, no btKiy, not even the Mailer cl the 1 loufe, will enter
fo ihftiitb thenu but a A'.i;.t» will never degrade hiiiireit
fo lar, as to luve any Con.meac witli the Witc of a J'c-
fya. I'he A.V„'..Tj ufc Bookins vs.th wlmii tin y write
ujiin tlie IVark cl Cocoa frees j their Characters being quite
different liom t!;ulc ol ti,r other ln.:ians, arc underllood

only 1 y the Br.majis. The Kmg of Caluut never eats
cr <'rii.ks any thii.g but what !us been prefentcd before to
bis i'agix!, or Idol. I'iie lnliiiitai;Le t(j the Crown docs
not fall to the St 11, bur his SilUr's Sin, fince, as the Bra-
vuri here l-.ave the F"irlV fruits ot the Brulc'i, Virginiiy,
the ( hiK'.rrn are fup-j-ofid to Ix- Ix^^uttcn by liiein. A» to
rhe C.iy U Ccdin, Notice mull ix taken, that there are
two of tl.at Name in the faiiir Kingiiom ol LuiLm, ixic
whereof 1^ i;.ha}>ited !iy M.i'.jhar. , .iiid lies ujHin a great
Kivrr; ti,.- lall (,t whu h «e now fpcak, he', upun the
Ccjft, and ;, under the Subjection cf the I'i,r!uj;ucze,
imvir.g the S'a to th-; Well, au! Uir.g furiounde.l on the
Ijtid-bde Willi a Fcrtll of leitain black Frets, whuh thi
Irhabiii.'.is h- ;!''.w out, a:.d ti.ake Lk>ai'. of, ^ni.'. wdl
With them a t.it as C^j.

The F.I trat.f.e ol tl,r HaiUiur is roiky and dar.gcrous
The Rains oi the wiuta Sc.<f«;i wluth lw;lii tiic ncigh-

e
go

lupjxile to be t.'.e 'l(tf^ri,iii!ftu ol tiie Ancients, tliout;h I
am not ignorant that lomc ol our modern Geuprnj.hen
make it the lOe of iium<ilfd, of whiiiiiMnre hercaitrr. 1
did not, wiilu.ut K'aloii, tall tlie hie ol (.Vy.Vw the rahtH
and moll fertile ot ail th< InJi.m lilands, it ixing iinqiicli;-
oiiablc that it has not only gr. at Plenty ol every thing that
other lilands proi!u<r, but Ixlidestlus whole 1-oretls ot
CJrangc, Ixmun, and Ciniamon-trerv, whiih ditiulc t.hcir
fragrant Smell 4t a great Diliaiuc into the Sea. Befxlti
that, there 1. noprechiui Stone but what it allotds, except
Diamonds: I'eails tluy taki- then in abundance, bw. rot
altogether lo tine as thole ol lijiarjiu ; in reeoiiijieiKe ot
which it allords the lincll Ivory in the World, fhctirll
Dilcovery of it "is owing to the P.rlUj^utze in i -oO, when
Lauremty Son ot liaiutKo /tlmfiii.t made a 'J reaty with
one ot the Kiiip.s ol die' Illand -, tin. e which I'lnie they
took Care to tort;fy themlilves in the '1 own ol Colcmi/o, but
wiie dialed tiieiiie, and conteijuently Irom the whole
Illand, by the Duuh, 111 i6';7.

I'hc Duul) dia not trade here till Uioi, under the
Reign ot iiuiaiu D.rma tturuiiia, Knij^ ot Cjimly, the
mull jH.nnt, and ui a manner t!ir only Soviie,;;n Pnntc
(/I tlie whole Ill.ii.d, who alcended il.e 1 hrune m a
vrry extr.iordiiuiy manner i lor liie 1 lirone ot tut-y
being become vacant by tiie Duih ol Dcmu, w'm,

Ifum

^•Ifloc Book I. I Chap. II. tbrougbt/jegrcatejl Part of the EAST-l^N DIES. 779

Hut 11 IS tSoppal up ai4

which tlunnciwiii, ,1,5
l>ca. 'llu rori,ij,u(Zi ;,^iy
a certain K.iti', who,,
oJ .ill thole l>,i,t,, U,,,,
,ouo Men, moll A',„„^_
ms at thf ir own ^ hai-r'
c civihzid thin the otkT

Rule in tlicir Marrugra
jnlcquintly in f,ii«ci of
•idc of Cod'in is in pm.
he Milaban had torinct-
\rym(il, who alone (om-

O'ea to Ccmcrm, haviiig
ion, andrdolvtdto/pdd
the I'lophct, divided Ins
l-riends, uruler Condition
in and aaui, Ihculd | ly
«/, \i[m\ whom i.,r dut
t Zamoriit, cr lunperor;
U of CfihiH 13 much mun:

«r, and the next Day dif-
whii h, making up to-
iiiii tor I'lratc'S aj miifej
u: cnou^ii to put ourf.lvti
ihcy Ixj^an to c(}mr pr.tty
u attaik us till Mi, ni^hr,
!i|',lit, tliiy liirn Ui diii us
ly r^ccivtd, tli.it we lunn
moil-, winch niadctiifm
1 iii.it Nipiit in Sif/fitof
ih law no more tiian loi.:-
iiv at a Dillanie -, uc c.?,-
ill- ill .S;g!it ot thf Cjpr ,1
mj; the moll loiithnn hrt
Aiiaiiits by tlir Nanic of
'1 he next Nigiit the Mj-
■y intended to venture the
cy lit .Shot, thou;;h with-
hi tiut we Iward no more

:;lit of tlie Illand oiCey!sn,
: wci-,- lKialiii(d lor three
)in the Soutli-hlall tu the
-'a|'<s ot CfweriH and iW-

Iroin the C'ntinnit ; i:$
)iul 1(6 Br(.'4dth torty -, its
1 lilty 1 and, .iicofilmg to
ts Cotnpals was nuiih iar-
• Sea carried away a large
kfar.'s Ccimrin, It h the
ic Iiuian Illand"!, which I
>t t!ic .'\iuients, tlioiii,'h 1

our nioiicin Geupr.i;;her;

wiiiiii nil .re hercaltir. 1
IC Idc ol (.Vy.W the nthed
I lilaiids, it ix mp iinqiidii-

I'ienty ul every thing that
id.b this whole 1-orelh ct
i-trers whuh dniulc th':;r
ncc into the Sra. B(f:.!ci
)ut what If alloids, except
;rf ill abundance, but rot
\iarjm i in rccoin|)enci ot
■ in the World. Ihetidl
rirlt'^uize m i -of;, w.hen
'ttfliia made a '1 reaty with
I I lin. e which I'lmc they
1 the '1 own ol Colcmhs, liut
LCjucntly Iroin the wliulc

tre till I0i)2, under the
j(.'a, Kiiij; <it (Andy, the
lif oidy .Sov.a-.^n I'mnc
ccndcd I he 1 h rone in a
or I lie 1 hroiie ot Lu>i''-y
Dtath ol Dirma, who,
trum

(rom a Baftaril, was advanced to that l.igh Dignity, and hold it as a Point of Faith, that the World will not

the Portugueze took this Oppominity to ellablilh them- perifh as long as their grand Tetnpk-s, wiiirh may be dif-

Lives >n Co'iMii but HmaLi D.irma Sur-i.ia, Son of one covered at a great Diftance at Sea betwixt Pnntc dn Cr.Uo

of the duet Men in the Kingdom, who had been edu- '
catcd among the Portugutze .iiid bapti/cd, and by their
liutrcll advanced to the Dignity of I ligii-Conilabie, dif-

hkiiif, the Encroachments of a Nation whom he knew
would be in a little 'I'imc for grafping at all, had lb gained
the AfHiition of the Soldiery, that he prevaiUd with tlwm

and Monte Callo, fliall remain (landing. They have anoih.cr
Opinion concerning a t:enain Mountain in thlr, Iilandj
named Pico d'/ldaiii, where tlicy lay the 'irll M;i;i was 'rc-
atcd, and that the Spring on the Top of the r.l./.f tairt
arofe from the Tears that Eve flied for Al>c! -, .ind that
the Idc of Ceylon was the tcrreftrial I'aradife. Thi": Tinc-

to kill all the Pcrtugucze in the I'own of Candy, an..i to ture of ChrilUanity gives us fufficient Hopes, that amon

iletUie open VV.ir againll them-, which, being clone, he a People, docile enough in thcmfelves, -the Chrillian Re"

was by the Cingakfe declared King. 'Ihe I'oriiigneze had ligion might be eftablKhed, if People were as forward in

among them a certain Princels,the next Heir to the Crown, the Work of Salvation as to gam Riches. There iS

who was Iwptired, and named Kalbc.rina. Pedro l.opezde fcarce any other King in the IQe of Ceylon, except him of

HoKJii being the Grneral of MiUuca for the Perii/yueze, Can-ly, but what pays fome iinall Tribute by way ot Ac-

rclolving to enter the Country with a good Army, lliength- know ledgment to the Porttigueze, of which the King of

ening his Intereft, brought the l.ud D. Xij./w/'wrt along Af'i/(Wi? juys no mere that fitty Ducats />»• y^;/««,<».

with him, and having caufed her to be (ieclared lawful
Heirels to tJie Kingdom of Candy, made himlelf Mailer
of the c.ipital City ot the lann; Name ; but being clolely
blocked up by f /wmAj Dm ma, who intercepted his lora-
gcrs, and cut otVhis Provilions, toiin 1 himlelf condraincd

Ceylon aifords very good Pepper, but their llapic Com-
modity is Cinnamon. The Kingclom of Candy \uih cer-
tainly both Ciold and Silver- Mines, but are not wrought
by an exprefs Inhibition from the King; neither muH
their precious Stones be fold to any but the King ; but, aS

to co:ne to a B.ittlc in 1590, in whidi he was put to the they h,ivc liich Plenty of them that they arc found a!iV)ng

the Gravel that is walhed down from the adjacent Moun-
tains, and carried along with the Current of the \% acer ;
fo it is imijodible to prevent their L.'int; lold undcr-

Kout, hiudelf killed upon the Spot, and I). Kathirina
tahcii I'ril'oncr by Pim/tla ; who alterw.ml',, ti) Ifrengthen
his Title to the Crown, married her. i-'our Years after
tiie Pcrtuj^Ui-zc made a fecond Attempt aguinfl Candy, but
nut with mih-h better Succffs \ for though they were not
abiulutcly routed, yet were they to harralVcd that they did
not think lit any longer to continue the War witli him.

The Dutib, at their full .Settlement, Iiad not much iiet-
ler Fortune } tor th<iugh the King reeeived in the Year
it>04 their Admiral witli a great d<al of Civility, yet in
tiie next tollowing Year, having commanded their V'ice-
Admital with fifty of hi? Men to be |)ut to Death, the
Dutch Laid ufide tiieir Deli^n of trading there, till having
ti.und an Opportunity of gaining the Fort of Pmito de
C&iio from the I'ortu^ucz,.', and fortifying the Harbour of
Ncgnmho, they began to ellal>lifti thenif. Ives there, and at
Uil accompliibed it by taking of Colombo from the PjvIu-
peze. The King of Candy is the moll potent and moll
abfulutc of all the other PriiKcs in the Ifle ol Ceylon. He
takes great IXlight, as well in the European Way of
Building, as in their fortifications. The Kingdom is liru-
ated all along upon that River, upon which lies the City of
yintain, which lerves tor an Harbour to the King's .Ships.
The Inhabitants refcmblc the Mi/rti .r;, but that they are
not quite Jo black. They generally go n.iked, except that
fome ufc PorlHgHeze Doublets. They all wear I'emlants

hand to .Strangers. This Ille alio furnidies fufncicnt Store
of Timber and Stone fur Building; of Corn, Oil, .and
Wine, if they vrould take the Pains to cultivate the Vines,
Cotton, divers Roots for the Uleof Dyers, Ginger, Car-
damom, Mirabolanes, Corconia, Nutnie!^;s, and divers
medicinal Drugs, and of Rice they have liicli Store that
they finnilh the whole Coall of C:rcvinndi! wii.'i tliac
Commodity. TheD.v/(/j buy the Cirnamon hero at the
rate ol an hundred and twtnty-eight Livres the Flundrcd
Weight.

8. While wc were becalmed near this Iflc, I had the
Opportunity of making an Enquiry of our Pr- fident and
fonu Jeliiitb, who were on Board us, and had fptnt inoft of
their Days in the Indies, concerning thole Part'i I li.ad not
lien, according to whole Relation I thought fit to infert
the tollowing Account. Near the Cape ot Ccmorin, along
the Coall of Malabar, for a Traft of near an hun.ired and
forty Leagues by Sea, extended the Ifles (by fome account-
ed One thoufand, called Maldives by the Pcriugueze, hav-
ing the Cape to the North, fome of which being lb very low
that they are often fubjeft to Inundations, are not inha-
bited, others are. The Malabars are of Opinion that they
were torn from the Continent by the Violence of the tem-

in their Ears and I'oiniardf; at their Sules. The Women pelluous Waves of the Sea, which, in Ibme Places, is at

liktwile go with their Brcilh uncovered •, but for the rell,
they are very modell botli in their Cliuthing and Coverla-
tion, drcfling their Heads much like the Etiropc.vi Wcj-
mrn, with tlieir Hair ( loi'e Ix-hind, anil tied in 'Fredcs.
They appear in gold and tilver(iarments, with Rings upon
their 1 lands, Feet, and Fegs lit with precious Stones.
'I'licy live conveniently eivuigh in tlien- Houlis, their
Wives lx:ing good Houlewives, and el'pecially well Ikilled
in Cookery. 'J he Cing.ilffe are to much adictcd to an idle
Life and Ktfcminacy, that tlicy arc neither tit tor War nor
any thing ell'c.

7. CeyUn is, as I laid before, beyond all Dilpute, the
moll plentiful Ille ot ill the Indies ; nothing can be named
cither of Provilions or !■ nuts, but what is very cheap here ;
tliough they are Pa<^an\ tliry eat ol every tlimg in general,
even Pork (abllammg oidy trom the I'lelh ot an Ox or
Cow.) The Mobamme'iun' enjoy a full I .iberty among them •,
and the Pagan Inhabit int; abllain trom Wine as well as
they. They have a great Veneration for their Bramans ; they
marry their Maids at ten or twelve Years ot Age, and burn
their Dead, /•.■ww/.i Deniui, whom we fpoke of before,
had got as much Chnlli.uiity as could be ex[)a'tfd among
t.hc Indian PoriiigUc'Z:', wliiih he loon laid a.ide; fo that
h.s Siiccellbrs contnuied in tlieir Iilolatry. Soinc ot the
inhabitants worlhip the I lea 1 of an F.lep'i.uit cut in Wood
i.r .Stone, who, they lay, outdo M.inkmd m Judgment,
and theiehre pray tor Wildom 10 tluan.

They lay up every D.iy a certain Share of their Provi-
fions in a Balket kept tor that I'ui pole for their Pas^ods,

fo llender a Dillancc from the Continent, that a brilk ac-
tive F'ellow might leap over it. The capital City which
has given its Name of Maldives to all the Illands is built
upon tour fmall IHcs, being the Refidcnce of the King,
who comman,!s over all the rell, and a Place of good
Trade, thoi;gh they produce naturally fcarce any thing
but Cocoas ; but the Indullry of the Inliabitants fupplies,
in fome meaiiire, the Defect of Nature here, tliere being
not any Nation in the Indies more ingenious in making
Ciarrtients of Silk and Thread than they. The Coall of
Corenmndcl being in the moll l''.allern Part of tlie Indi:'s
this Side of the Ganges, is divided from the Ahiuibar Coall
by the Mountains of BalagaHa, its F'.xter.t being one hun-
dred Leagues along the Coall froir. C.'/'^ Co'Hsr.';;, or ra-
ther the Point of Negapatnn, as far as the Kiv^r N.'guii.i
and tlicTownof.'\/(j/;.'.p<7/(;v,v;hich,as it hasixccllcrt 1 lar-
bours, and the bell Koads tor Anclionijc in the //.,'.•■-/, fo
it ferves for a fate Retreat for liich Vcll'els as a;e by the
tempelltious Winter- feafon forced from the Coad ot Gu-
zurat thither, where the Climate and Weatli-cr is very calm
at that Time.

The P6r/«ij«iirt' are Mailers of the Town of 5','. I'hv.as:
On thisCoall^ they lay, that when they tirll pollciTed them-
lelves of Cochin and Crii>{Z<inor, the Inhabitants of this
Coall, who were Chriliians "of the Grtck Rdigion, impf red
the Proteelionof the King ofPcr/;(t'../. To back this Pra-
ihtion, they allirni, tiiat St. -Ibcm.is, one of the twelve A-
pollles, after he had taught the (.ii.lpcl m the Kingdom of
N.irfinga, petitioiKel the King to ',;ivc him Leave to build a

Cliaptl

jl'i

■r

t M

'fii

'di

i* . •'

It J, <t ( !(^

J f

7S0 7/'f f'ojiiots and Ohfcivalivtn oj |. A. ilc Mandclfloc, Book I

llilui •■
ill''

Ilis '"

I, h iin ^ L

I * 'I '

Cliapcl fur ilic pfd'orming t)f [\votion, which l.tins
llrt)iir,Iy ()pi«)(al by t!ic PugJi I'ricrts, it h.ipjicmtl lli.it .1
jirtKiigiiiiis l'i«e ot 1 imlM-r Ixing lixlpcd at tlic vtiy In
trance ol the I latlxnii of the City ot MJi.tpcur, whuli
hiniifrn! il»f fr<f I'alfaj;? nt all t!u' Shij)!.. a Trial was
nuile by l'.li;'h.nn>, and all uttirr Ways, c.cn by c< nfiiit-
ing the Mjt;!cians rh'nifrlvi ;, to rrnViVi' it thri> c, Init in
%'ain i wlu-f(in>t'n the King ilUial hii Proilaniation, by
which hf ollrrcil a confidctablt Kiwar>.l to liu!) a>; wnuKl
uniliftakL- to dear thi' 1 larSnuir. 5/. '/i-cw.jj ollVrfii his
Service, rclerving to hinjfilf no other Rrwanl than the
I'lcce ot 'liml>cr. The Day appoiiui-.l f(ir this I'virpol'e
Ixing come, ami the Saint appearinc without any other
Inlhumcnt to efiVct it than his dirtlle, which he taOrneil
to the Beam, all there jircfcnt laughcii at his I- mlcavours •,
but he no looner began to pull than that vail I'mc of Tiin-
ber, which couUl not be moved bcl^ re by the Strength of
of fo many Elephants followed without the leall Difli-
cuhy ; at »vhic!> t:ie King King rurprlzcd to the highell
IVjj.ue, fxrmitted him to Iniild tl'c ChajHl according to
his Kcqucll, wliichl'o inccnfcd the Bramans that they lit
certain People to m.jrdcr hiin whiill he wa? at In-- Devo-
tions in the laid C hapcl. M'ffeui fays that by the Iprcial
Commaiui of Jiln King i-t Vcriu^til, the Ikmci ot this
Saint was karthtd tor, and found en the Coafl ol Cvro-
tiutnJt!, .\r:,\ ther.ce transferred to Gwj, whcie a vny t'liu-
Clii.rch wastrce^rd to hii Menu ry.

On the other hand, both Rnji'mj and Saraitf all'irm,
tliat 5.'. Tkcnui fufiaed MaityiJom at i.dtjj,i in Mi.^pou-
nij, and that thry ufcd to go on IMgrinuge to hi* Se-
pulchre there. 1 liC Town (t St.lLm.ij, thciu^Ii none
of thebiggcil, yet is well built, moil ot the HouliS Ivinr;
of Stone. The Church has no Stit pic -, it contains aln^ut
fix or l.vcn hcindrid Ir.!iabita:Us Pcilu^utzf, and Mcjlizc^^
and foioc .•/rmr';.«» Mcrclianis, tUr Jn,:ij».<, /'.;_i;.;//<, and
A'duKim(Jan3, livi(-{; at a I'licc talletl Maliaj-iur, fiatrd
ujxjn a Rivulet two IxagiRS to the North of St. 'li^iur,:,
wliidi was formrily tlic capital Ciiy nf tin Kingdom, but
ii now reduced to a veiy ituliHeicnt Condition.

9. lioni .Iprilxo ^Lptemler, whilil the S. and S \V.
\\ inds blow mx)n this Coall, the Koad here is very fate,
but all t!.e remaining I'art of the Year linall VclTels are
obligetl to fiirlicr thcmfelves wi[!.i:i i!ic River of Pdlcidijjf,
and thiC greater in the Harl>uur ot ?\'f^dp.it,iii -, there is
five I athom Water withm Cannon-Hio: v\ t!ic Town, but
makes a very ill I ending place, by te.il'oi» c>f the Rougli-
lufs of the Sea. The Duuh have confuleralile Trartiik on
this Coafl, but efiiccially at Pc'^afculi, or Xtj^^f^t.in, and
at pjUaine, where they have tl-.e Fort Cut.'Jnj. This
wh.ole Country wa-. tormerly divided n.to t!ir(C iVparate
Ki.'^gdoms, I. e. ot Ccrcmayuid, Sr/mga, a:id. B.-jnj^ar,
which is now fubjcrt to one I'rince, wiiole Rcl'idenec is ut
bifii'iiar, and fomeiime* ar Sarftnga. '1 he Kingdom (d
OrixiX iKgins above the Town o! Mk/iiifii.'ai:, exrci\ding
fron; the Kivcr ot the lame Nan.e to tiiat ot (ii^rnga -, the
Dul.h n.cludc tiiis in the Coalt of Ccnmanuil. Mufiii-
fainn il\^ Ci'icndd arc its two c '.icf Cities ; the firfl is
ioi'.fid"rabIe fcr its Commerce, the iall ftir beir'g the oidi-
nary Kefidcncc of its Kir.i,s. It picKimcs abumlaiice of
Sail, ar.d fjme Diamonds, among wli.ih alt that weigh
above five Carats (xlong to the K,t^g. To t.he North ot
Orixa li'.s tht Kingdom of Hiii^al, wlieiice the tiulph,
known to the AncicMs by t!ic iV;«k.( Ca>ij;//uu.', hai (;<it its
Nanu.. Theii 1 (alT.ck i' Ri>.<, Sof.ar, Cotton .CjIkocs,
but tfixeiaiiy in ,S;ik, wlii.h, |i,r (Jcxxlnel , exieects all
<>tlii.n m tiie JuJiti Hence alfii arc brought the lintll
Caius ; and thiy have ar.<jii.er fort <-f Can-. ,, out of vvhith
th'.y make r)iii.Kiiig scirch, and Ijeing laccjUii'd, will hold
. y I.i(|iiid ;i<- \»( II aiCups of Mrijl 1 lere yjowf. a cert.un
■ b:l', the Si.dk ol whith i> ol the Thlekiieh of a Man'.
Tluiiiib, having (.11 tlir Ti<p a lait'c Hiilti.n hkr a TalTei ,
till-' i". Ijunoiit and (uii,illir'. MjtriiaK lot an exiclhtit kind
ol Stuli', miKli cdrerned by the PorlugUtZt^ who call this
Shnib /A't/'j i!e lhn;^i!,'.t.

Tht lihibitants arf- /'.;?<!«;, leavilng a v' ly luibarous
kind ot I.il'-, TliK viiii; ami Aiiidtciy l»ingili.,i oidinaiy
Viccb, though liV< re iy |U!ii[])<d. They wutlliip th':
Cin^ri, (.lit of an opu.iun, that it^ Water d-anl-j them
lioni all thiir bnpv.i;tic-, wlijf h 11 the Rtafon t). it the Km);

•i

III-
not

ol N.irji>txa lends lor the Watf he waOirs himlijf ^^,,^,
In.in that River. The Kingdom of />^« borders to the
ball u|H>n n,'»x>il, owing us Name to its Mttmtiolii
ilierc the Knv', ke(i)s his conllant Relidcnrr. (;„//'
li.t.'i'i tells us W ondcrs of this Kingdom, which I hail n
the Opportunity to fee •, and fim c oth( rs allii have invcn
us an Account nf what they rhemlelves have obtrrvedwi 1|
I will only add, that the City is divided into two hrts'
•;,.:. the new and oKI City 1 the tirfl ot which is mjuhitci
by Mcidiants the lecond is pioiierly the Reli.l.iuc ot tho
King and his Court, winch is exaftly lour-li^narr, lur-
rouiuied with a broad Moat, in which CiiKodiles are'krpr
tor Its Iv tter .Security. The Palace Royal is taut to be as I 'k
as l'fmi(, and Itpaiated trom the City by its {KTiili.ir F„r'
flications, whidi have no more than two Gates 1 hekrci'^
alxive eight hundred b.lephants w.thin the Callle, anionir
wliidi thole tor his own Die pay him Reverence, beinJ
trained to it.

It we may rely 6n Ba!i)i\ Tedimony, this Kirif^ is next
tothel-'.niperorot China the motl potent iipun l.artli, Kinc
able to bring i,_-;oo,ooo Men into the Field, and eight
hundred I:.lephants, who arc tor the moil [wrt maintained
at tlie Charge ot his I.ori!s. Among other Idoli tlicy havo
in their Temples, there is or>c of mally (iold in the Chapel
within iiie I'alacc, with a Crown Id with pircioiis Sioncs
on hii 1 lead, and one only of the Bignels ot a I'iuniL on
Ills I orelicad. With Pendants of an mellimable Value m hu
l„ii>, a Scait about t!ie Waid, and a Crols on the rii^ht
Slionkler, and under the left Arm a Chain tnacic all of
Diamonds, anil other precious Stones. The lame Chapel
tiAi two Silver Idols of the fame Shape, but two Foot hif^htr
than the tormcr, with Crowns let with dems and a
ti)iirili, whxh exceeds all the reft, iKliiies a tilth madeot
C(>p[vr nnil Brals, valued at more than the other toiir.
P(j^u atlorils more b.lephants than all the rell ot the fuJita,
they are taken by means ot the Female*, who entice thfni
out of the Woods into the Stables, where they have I'eniu
that hold but one of thefc Beafts, where they are kept till
they arc tamed. The Arms ot the Pfgudni are pcncr,il.y
Ilaltjiikes made of Canes, fhort and Broad-Swonis ami
Bucklers, and I lelmets made ot U)iled 1 .ratlier laid liuublc,
and piimcd over with a certain Gum called Achiran. 'I'lic
People are P.it^an:, IkIicvc one fuprram God, who has a
great many Vicegerents under him, whom they ailo .ir-
know ledge for (icxls ; and that they an' the Authors eiall
f i<kkI that lu|ipens to Mankind, as on tlie otlur hand the
Devil is the Author of all F.vil, wiioni tor that Ktalijii they
worlhip, to a]ipealc his Wrath. 'J he Day on winch thry
hold their Devotions is Moniky ; they celebrate live l-Vatls
in a Year, call'-d by thrm ^>if-nn. 'I he lirll, < ailed S/tp,:n
Gia,ihi, is celebrated by a I'llgrimage, by the kin;; .ind
whole Court, twdve l>eagucs out ot 'Town, with the iitimll
MagtiiticeiK'-. 'The krone!, called Si:ftin Cinintt, is die-
bratej in Honour of the Statues in the Royal Chapd; us
is alio the third, called Sapan (iraicma Sr^mncH ; the tuurth,
called Siifitn DiJhlr, i% celebrated by the Kin;; and Court,
by caltint; Rule w.irer at one anotlier •, and the lilili, calliv:
SafiiN Donan, ;v a kind of Race ot Boats ujxjn the Kivcr,
ill the I'releni e ot the King aiu! C^ieui.

When the King dies they ;oin two Boats together, .nnd
putting a Table in the Middle of one, they l.iy the Corp
lijion the 'Table, under which they make a lire ol S.m>!jl
WiHid, Storax, Birannn, and tjther Iwret-lientcd WikkIs
and Ciiims whidi h»iiig lent liown the Stream, the I'ndi.
aitendmj,, rejoire and Im!;, till the I lejh be burnt to Alhc-,
which th y i\ns. with Milk into a P.ille, and lo call it >i:\.<
the Seaar'ihe Mouth ot the Kiver ; but the Hones thry
piclerve and lay up in a Cha(Hl built for that Purj.^l ■.
The Piiuls carry an empty lk)ttle at their Ginlle, ate cl.i 1
in red \\ltii)rnis, coming down to tiicir Herb, with .1
Cloak re.idimj', to tlieir Hams, and wear a 1 1 it to llieltcr
ihcmfches ni^aiiill the Sun beams, their I le.hls buny,
lliiived. They go bare tojted, hvr by Alms, like our
Mfiidiraiit Fiiars, e.it but once a Day, and tieep in th-
Foulls ir. .hanging; Mat talbneil to tlic B<;iii.',hs ot Tieev
'They lead a s cry ex-mpiary I it.-, and on AkrMy Mnrn-
'"o <"^'y IV' ■•'"i>!t to i''>vite t!ie People t-i thur IVvoiions;
,ind in tneir Simons they exhort tlien Audiiius to Mor.i-
! tv, 'Ihy luvc no Avctlion tu thole who turn Chiilb-

i< Ji^

^n«e, Book I. I Cliap. II. through the grcatcft Part e/" //jt' E A S T - 1 N D I E S. 781

of PtXH l)order!i to the
Kame to ,t, Mctmpolis.
I^ant Krii.lcnrc. iZfuy
ImjTciom. which I had „ot
Inic others ahb hjve pvrn
iifelvcs have oblrrvcl w, II
Is dividfil into two Parts'

Ilirrt ot which Miihihitci
lvrlythpkili,|,,„-cot the
I ixaftly f(,iir-iij„arr, i,,..
[which t .■.Kodilcs are krpt
pKoyalisl.,ult(.b(asl,',r
lcCityl>y if, [K-cliar {•„;.'
IthatitwoCJatcj; hcivrt,,,
Iw.thin the CalHc, ar,i,„'^
pay nim Rcvcrctiff, bciiii^

^flitiiony, this Kinrjisncxt
' pitcnt iip.jn I ..irih, h,,,,;,
into tlic Helil, ai^i ^^^^^
|r the tnod part tnaim.imcd
long other Itloli they haw
mally (ioM in the Chapel
n l( t with [iircioii'! Stones
|thc Bipnclsotai'iuMibon
an incltiniablc Value in hi»
and a Crols on the rii^ht
Ann a Cham made- all of
nones. '1 he lame Chapel
■ihape, but two hoot hi-^hfr
s Ift with (,ems and a
ft, bcliilcs a huh nude ot
nnrt- than the other four,
inalltherfllol thi'/Ww;
I'Cinaicj, who entice them
Irs, where thry have Pmiis
IS wiierc they ane kept nil
the Pfguiivs art p'ner.ihy
irt ami Broad-Sword'; ind
l<oilcd Leather laid liuiiblc,
(iiim called Achir.iii. 'iT,f
fiiprram Ijod, who lias a
him. whom ihcy alio ar-
thry aR- the Authors el all
I, as on the othi r hand the
whom tor that Kcalijn they
'i'hc Day on wiiicJi they
; they celebrate nvc I'Vatts
n. '1 he lirll, called iV/f/v:«
Igrimagc, by the K inland
t ut Town, with tlie iitin(.tt
lied .V.;^"(;»; Carann, is dk'-
! in the Royal Clup< 1 ; as
itcm» Sr^ianoH ; thr tuurth,
ed l)y the Kin;; and Court,
Dtlier •, and the lilih, ealkvi
I- ot 15oats ujxjn the Kiver,
Qi^ieui.

fi two Boats tof»ether, .i.al
A o'le, they lay the Cor[ <;
ley lu.ike a I'ire ol S.indal
aIut iWert-li fitted \V()()ds
iwii the Stream, the Priclh
he 1 jcjl) he burnt to Allies
a I'alle, and lo ealt it ii.:i
iver ; but the Bones they
ft I built lor that I'urp'il.-.
Ic at their diiille, aiecbl
n to tlicir I Ifrb, witli .1
and wear a 1 lit to llieltir
iins, tlieir I le.Kls b( ini';
, I've by Alms, like our
a Day, .uid lleep in th-
I to t.'ic B<iiighs ot Tiw-.
L-, and on Mi»:M:y Mnni-
l^eople to th(ir IVvoiicns;
: theii Atidiior-, to Mura-
to tliolt who turn Chrilb-

■t: >i

,iiis, but exclaim agaitifl the worflupjiing the Devil, a Cu-
lloiii lo ilecply rooted among the l\^ums, that With all
ilieir Arguments ihcy arc noc iVU to dilUiadc them
I'limi it.

'1 hey arc in threat Veneration imm\t, tin- moft fenfible
M( 11 ol the Xatioii. Their Corps arc burnt like their Kings,
witii I'wcet \N oi«li, the Alhes call into the Kiver, and their
Bunti prtkrveii. Pigu has no otiitr Corn but Riuc, which
It jioduce.s in liich Plenty, that great Rirt of it is H'l.t to
the iieighbouriiig I'lovinrts. Sudoiny wjjs luretotorc
i;rowii To general here, tliat one of the (^iions of I'cgu, to
cibvLite tins Vice, ordered a fmall Pin to be falb.ned betwixt
the Skin and the i-'lelh, by way of Incilion i Ihe command-
cdallb, that all the Boys, whillt young, lliould be paint-
ed of a blue Colour on their I'ortcriois, thereby to Create an
Averfion to them, as on the other Side, the Women take
li'.l iniaginablc Pains to provoke tlie Men to Vencry. Men
and W omentlehght in black Teeth. The King is loic Heir
to all that leave no Children behind them, and even one-
third Part of the Eilates of tiiofe that have Childicn bcfong
to him. Pe^H affords no other Spice but Ginger, and
I'caicc ,uiy other Commodity is exporteii, exrtjit Kice and
Silver, in Mxcliangc for wliieh they bring thither Stuffs
and Calicoes, J'epper, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Opium, and
Sandal Wootl. They will pledge their Children to bor-
low Money ; but if the Creditor enjoys them carnally, thty
arc free, and the Debt 1; paid.

Sm/», one ol the next conlidcrabic States in the Indies,

IX Montlis Ivncl. The King of Siam, who takes amongft
Ins other Titles that of Precou Snlfu, i. e. facred Member
ot (jod, has this to Ixialt of, that next to the Mogul, he
can lieduce his Dcfcent from more Kings than any other
in the Indies. 1 le is abfoUite, Ins Privy Counn.llois, call-
ed Matidanm, bring chofen rnd dcpofed barely at his
Phaluie. Wlitii he appeals in Publick, it is done with
to much P(jmp ami Magiuiiccnce as is fcarcc to be ima-
gined, whi( h diaws lUch a Veneration to his Perlbn from
the common Paipic, that even m the; Streets, as lie paffcs
I y, they give him !..od-like Titles and Wordiip. He mar-
nc!; no moie than one Wife at a 'i'lme, but has an iniinitu
number ot Concubines, He feeds very high, but hiS
l^nnk is Water only, the ITc: of llrong J .itjuors being le-
verely torbidilen, by their I'.eeleriuf'ic.il Law, to Pcrfors
ot duality in Slum. A'i the Thirds of all the Ii:ftates nf
the Kiiijidom fall to his Fx, li(.i.|i:(r, fo h.s k:cht = niuit be
vei y great ; but wh:it 111.1k. > tiiem almoit ifninvide is, that he
is the duel M.iehant in the Kingdun , mvipg his Fadors
in all Places ot I'rade, tofidKic, C(., ; .r.^Lead, Salt-
petre, isle, to b'orcignirs. A/ W;z V-'/w'/o makes lus year-
ly Revenue rile to twelve Millions of Ducats, the greatell
Part ot which being laid up in his Treafury, mult needs
fwell to ;ir Ir.iinity in Procefs of Time.

Fach Cit) has its pi culiar Court ot Juftice, from whence
an Appeal li.s to the chief Court in the City of Judda,
conlilUngot a Lord Chict Judice and twilvc Judges, and
fometimes to the Privy Council itfelf, if the Parties will

tonhnes to the North upon iV^w and /A<», to the Weft be at the Charge of it. They have their Counlellors, At-
upn /f?«/<t/, to the Faft upon i'<i/a»ji whence the Coaft, .. . ■

(m which 1 romprchcnd liie Guiph of Sum) runs Noith to
I j^ 30', and turning lo . le South to twelve Degiees, ex-
tends at a great Dillancc from the Sea, making a Semi-
circle ot four hundred and fifty Leagues. 'Lhe Country is
both very wootiy and mountainous, except towards the
Seafide, where it is very fertile, and has feveral convenient
liles and Harbours, btlitles fome Iflands in the Gulphs.
Tiie River Mcnam may vie for Largeiuli with any other
Kiver ot the Indies i lor though its Breadth is not very
great, its Lingtli is fuch, th.it hitherto its Source has re-
mained undiltovered. It runs from North to South thro'
the Kingdoms of Pegu and Wtw, and atterwaids through
Siam, where it falls by three feveral Channel into the Gulf
oSSiam: It yearly, like the Nile, overflows the adjacent
Country tor five Months, wliich renders the liice- fields
very fruitful. Its iullern Ciumnel, which h.s in 13' -^o
ekven, is moft proper for Navigation, were it not for a
Shell a l.AMgue in IjC-ngth, which lying jult .it tlie Liuiance
of it, has five or fix Foot Water at low Tide; but at
high Water, filteen or fixteen ; and in Sepieiai'er, Otlobcr,
and November, fe\'enteen or eighteen Foot; tor which Uca-
lon it is, that N'elfels ot any Burthen anchor in the Road
two Leagues tiom the Shelf; but luili ,!■> in.iy venture
over the Shelf with a high I'lde, iiu\' go iieely ii[) the Ri-
ver as far as the CalUe ol luindcik, iix Leagues from tlie
Sea, and thence as far as the City of Juddu, twenty-tour
J.eagues liom the Mouth of the River, except in the
belorc-mciitioned Months, when the Rivcr is unna-
vig'.lile,

Tlus Kingdom is very ,!oi)ulous, efpeciaiiy thofe Provinces
bordering upon the Seas. I'lie moll i Jiifult rable Cities are
"Jtidtia, or bdut, the Met.opolis of the whole Kmgiiom;
next Cainlh-.ya, Campaa, HiiujfKn), Pmiuiuk, 1-jger, Bcrdj-
long, anil liinujjeriw, where the pLrlkpuze driv; a conlider-
able Trade ; Hiiiukoik, Pifn, Meri^y, ice. 'The City of
j'liddii is built open M\ lli.iiid in the River Maiiam. It is
liieordmaiy Ri;lideiKe of the King ol Siam, liaving leve-
lal very tair Streets, with lpaciou'> Channels regularly cut.
Tilt .S'lburbs aie on Ixjili Sides ol tlie Kiver, which, as
well as the Cuy itlelf, aie adorned witii many Temples
and Palaces; ol the iirll of which there are above three
hundred within the City, dillinfuillied by their gilt Stee-
ples, or rather Pyiamids, and alil'id a glorious Proli>t(5t
at a Dillancc. 'I'he I loules are, as all over the /«..'/.;, but
iiid.iirerently built, and covered with 'Tiles : The royal
Tal.ite is ei]ual to a large City. l\rdi)uindo Mmdcz Pinto
makes the Numbei of Inh.ibitanti of this City amount, ttr.
piobably, to 400,ocx3 Families. It is looked upon as im-
pregnable, by realon of tlic ovcr-l!owiiig ot the Rivcr at

Nu.Mu. LIU.

tornies and Soluitors, and the Caufes are pleaded in the
Pretence of both Parties. In criminal Cafes they proceed
much after the Praich \N'ay ; for upon an Information gi-
ven, the Party accufed is committed and examined after-
wards, and lor want of fullicieiit Evidence put to the
Rack, if thcie ' • very (Irong Circumftances ; after which
the Judges, either upon ConlefTion of the FaJV, or fuffici-
cnt Fvidencc, give Sentence, which is confirmed by the
King, unlefj he is plealed to pardon the CM'ender. Their
Punilhments are lij levere, or rather cruel, that iucii as are
uled among us are not lo much as known here, for the
flighteit C iinic IS thought to delerve Hanilhment. Theft is
puniflied with the Amjutation ot Hands or Feet. The com-
mon Way of extciitiiig Criminals, is to call them alive into
boiling Oil.

'Jliey have three forts of Trials for want of uifTicient
I'.viJence, by Fin-, Water, and Oil. In the W.itji-trial
both Parlies are let down to the Bottom of the River,
along a great Pole, and he who can ftay longeil under
\\ ater obtains thereby his Jollification, as does he who
can hold his Hand longed in boiling Oil, in the Trial of
Oil. In the fiery 'Trial they aic to make live or fix Steps
tiirough a great Fire, very llowly, two Men leaning very
hard upon their Shoulders. But that which they look up-
on as the mott drcadtul of all is, when, in order to their
Jullification, they take a Pill of Kice only, over which
the Prieft has pronounced a certain Maldiclion: If the Cul-
prit fwallow It Without tjiifting, he clears himfelf to all
Intents and Purpolet, and his Friends carry him off in Tri-
umph.

'I'lie Forces of Siam confift chicily of the Militia of the
Country, ail .Sul.iects biing obliged to take Arms w'len
called iijw;ii, .io that as occalion requires, he can t nnincn
the lojth, the 5(.ih, the 2uth, the 10th, or f,t.: Mar,
who, as well as the Noblemen with their Atlenilants (erve
at their own Cliargc as long as tlic War lafis. The Infan-
try are pretty well ditciplined, but w.-.nt the life of Fire-
Arms, being p.ovided only v.itli Hows, Arrows. Swo.-d^,
Pikes, anvl Bucklers ; their Horfe arc alio but indiiiercntly
n.ounted. 1 heir chief Stren!;tli conliils i:' their Elephants,
which are very well trained u> the W .:r.s, ami carry each
three armed Men. They are nor deltitute ol Cannon, but
have but little Skill to mai.age tl'.ein to the belt Advan-
tage. They have alio great nuir.r ;is ot Fiigarcs ciid Gal-
lics, well provided with (iin;, in;t tin; (junneio .::;.; Ma-
rines arc lo unexpert 111 t k .M:'.nagemcnt o! tiieia, tint
they cannot encounter any /i.v/Y, c..« Meet with the l^all
Hopes of Advantage; tor winch lealun, finoc of late
Years ihtSiamejes h.ive lived, in coinii:ual F.nmny with the
Porlugueze, they liave highly courted the 1 urndfiiip of
V) N the

■r,'

i [' V H

I ,;

• i/i

I f|

'■I f

'.%

78 i 7lx Voyages an J OhfciViitioin of j. A. dc Mandcllloc, Book I

ol Caliioc' f.irtfncd about thtir Nuks •. then- i, f„ 1 , ,
DiHaimc inthctloathiiiKol the l'coi)lc()IQ,ul,,v ml.K r
of the interior Ra„k, that thry arc m.t tobf dlai ) .'5'

% ■

'11:1:1 ^.<

the Duub, who wrro nlwayj ffaJv to [;ivc llirm AlTil-
uncc agaiiift thtir Knrmie*. The King ul Si-^m kiV)Win(;
tlut hii ihiif Strength tonlifts in Ins Llt|'l).int», k. ij« a
greater Numlx-r than any other Mun I'limo, the I'.L-
jihanf. oJ Sijm Nin^ Iwih tur th< ir StrenRili aiul Quiek-
nei'i of ApprrhtrifuMi cftermcii alx)Vc all tlic ui\. liny
take th.in after the fame M.mner as th< y .lo in /'<.c«, I'V
fcnJniR I'iverj Feniilii int.) the I'orcU<, who Jctoy ihcni
into the Stables, \^hirc they arc tanuJ, cither by i iittin|;
thrm into Pcivi exadly fitteil to the Bulks ot their JVxlics,
or by tying ll«ir 1 rgs to three or four tame Ikphants.

It -s to U oburvni, that (otnetiiiKs tiuy ir.Kt with
'.vhite Mophants i.i Sum, l)ut ihcy an fo lan, anj lo
nnieh ailmired in tliwK' I'arts, that in 1 jt'S, the King ol
/','/« iKinp .nformcJ that the King of S:.im I1.11I two white
Klcphants he Irr.t an AiubalTavkr tn lU'lin he in:ftht have
onv i>f them, at wiut I'lice he woul.l In: pltaful to fct up-
on iti which the Kn.g of Sl,im ufiinng to aurpt, the
King of P.^k cnti".\l ■^■ain svith a vail A;iny, .ukI cmi-
qurriJ It, nVikii-.g tiu- K.n;; hi. Tnbui.iry, tlm' with the
l.ofi ot no Itfi than :.. 0,0.0 Mm. I'lie Si.^mtjt lall the
white ones the Km]],^ «( tlie I'.lepliants, ami atitibiitc to
thm. foin't.'iing <>t Divinity, lor whith riafon .illo the
King of 5/,.«, w!irn lie mcits with (.ne, caufi^ hiin to be
Icrvril in Vflids (it (i<pkl, alk)*s him a ijooJ. Att'-mlanu-,
and a Canopy to l>e lv>in over lii* B<><.iv. I'hi King and
h\> SiibirC'i* are /\ij<M/, antl have an i.finitL- Nuir.Ur ol
MoN, <'f Gokl, Si'ver, .S'tom-, \Vo*.(!, ai'.d other Materi-
als, foM-.e twmty, fume thitiy, and others forty Tert high.
Th'ir TcinplLS have gilt 'IdWiis, ir I'yi.iitiids. Their
EcchTlaf!Kk^ are compared ol a km' of 1 li-rarthy, under
the Dirii'tion nf a IJgu-rmrt, reli.'.iiu', in the City ot
Jitlli, v^here are at t<alt jo.oovj Feclclialln k..^, that wear
liariiuiits I'f y, lliirt C'.i'i..<'<", and have t!i< ir Clowns thavul.
'riie nviH leari.c! anujng tliein are i!u>Un tor i'licth to
prea. h in t!ieir Tempi. •$, and to f.iciifice. Tluy are umlcr a
\\.w ( t ChaHity, ojon Pain ot Death, but n;a> ehanp,c
ihrir I'.ril iriui-.'., a:id r.iirry whenrvir th'y ihi;',k lit.
Fjch T.n-ple lus a km.l of a Convent 10 it, tor the \-.t\-
tertmnir nt (<f a ccitain Numtxr ot Pnclh who attend the
Service t:wty Day Morr.ir.g aiivl I'.vrning.

They live lor the moll Part upon Alms, like our Men-
dicant I'riars. Tluy have alfo a kind ot religioui old
AVomer, but thifc are not Ik '.ind by itiy jarticular Dilii-
pline. Th-y Ixilirve one Creator ot tiic l'niv<rlV, wIkj
governs the World by I'lvcrfe interior (>chU. Tiiey lay
that th? .SiAil r. immoital, and aftir it is purified liy palling
through ItVerat IVAiir^ is rther (ondemncd to eternal
Torincnti, or (njoys IJeititude. They tell yoo, that this
has Iv-en trnnlmittfi to theni !y I raJition, I'liiie out ot
Mind i tor the rell, thty hold tlui g'xxJ DeeJ"., and ef-
jnialiy Chanty, arc ihc tUi' I Mums to attain Salvation,
which is the icalun tiny ixti id their Chanty even to the
BcalU, fuJi as Birds an I I irti, whiili thty buy to fct
f'lem at l,ibcrty, as Uhcving the Tranlmigration ot the
S.ol. Th:s In t lie I^ rail ill why they mver condemn any
oilier Ri ligioi , or d.ljuie SMth them ; But their hc'leli-
afticks jvtaili wnhuiu lnternnfli"n againll the old Cuftom
of invoking the DiVil, w.'iuli is flill retained joiong the
vulgar fort. Tlry liavc abundance (jf I.amps hanging be-
fore their Idols ill the Time ot .S< rvirr. Thefc they fct
cut with Garlands ol Tluwcis, ii^I in fonic of thctn they
luve certain Day*, each (^art.rs of the Mocjn, appointed
for their general IXvotioivs, and a Ix-nt ol thiee Montlu.

Their ileatl Corps tliey lliave, wafli and j>erluiiie, and
afterwards turn ihim mar a lemple, where the Alhcs
are burled uti.ler a Tomb, or Pyraniid, The Relations
mourn for their Friends ly Ihaving tlitmklvev, by giving
Alms and Ifcnevokncrs to the I'ri'.fls, to pray for thnrt at
their Obli'^quies. The Coips is atren.leii with Mufiek aiul
Fireworks. The Siameft are lliong ii!i;bcd., and well pry-
jxirtioned, Lur th< ir Courage is not aid'werablc to it, which
makes tliem ule their ViCiuns with u great deal ot lofc»-
Irnie. They are tjall-, and very crafty \n their Drjluig*.
They arc I'u ni ich addicted 10 Idlcncfs, that tiiey leave all
Toils to ti.eir Wivs and Slaves. Tluy wear a painted
Pitvc of Caliroe from the Middle down mthe Kn.es, tho'
the Mi'i have alio S.'nris wiili .Sleeves hanging iLwn to
the Lltsows. ilie Women cover their Biealb with a Piece

but by their Tram ot .Slaves. 'Thc.r nou'laihSl^
ot 'limber, or Canes, covered with the I .eav( , „| 'cv "
tree, and railed thrre or tour FiK)t Irom tlie liroiiml ■ )', 1"
Apartment has leveial Windows lor the more conii'n, V'
ous I'allage ot the Air ; th<y know of no oiher I'uriii'tm"
but what is ablolutely ncccllaiy tor their Loiivenieney n, v-
Chamlx Is and Kitchen. ' "

They feed commonly upon Rkp, Fiflj.and Pulii.. ,h
onlinary Drink is Water » but they doii't refuD- lUon . l ',
quors. It ihry are invited tothcm. Pulonsofany I anii.mlKre
nuke no ulc ot I'lielh tor the Confirmation of their Mar
riagcs which, after the Parents Content is obtainal, jpj
Agrc-emcnt inaile, tky confummatc and hve together as
long .IS they like one .mother i ami in cafe of Separati ,n
all the (ioikU and ChiL'.rpn .ire divuied betwixt thtm, mj
Ujth Parties are at litn-rty to marry again \ but thcConcu-
bines arc tied to the Plealiire of the.r Mailers, whoc(ji,fi.
dcr them no othcrwile than as .Slaves, their Children havir.r
but a llenilcr Share of their Faiher'.s Fllates, >^hieh, altt^
their Death, is divided u. to three Parts » one grxs'toth-
Kng, the J'cond to the Pricth, who are to U-jr the Fu-
niial Charges wl.iih are very great, and the thini to the
C hiKlren, who have an eiiual .Shaie, except tlut the cldeil
is allowed luine fiiull Ad.vantage. PeopK- of an iiilrrior
Rank jairJiale the 11 Wives, notwithltandiiig which Ixjtii
Parties ajc at lib< ity to l>e liivorced. Phey don't t.ik.. the
Irall Care tor the l.duc.ition ot their Chiklnn till t!i-y are
fix Years old, when they put them to thtir la:elel'ial!ick*
to \>r inllru^^ed in Re.i.ling ai.d Writing, atterward hrad
tlirin either to n anual Aits, Comnieric, or the Court.

The Pcalants had a inilualjle late, by realim th.it Pro-
vifions arc io cheap here, that they cm't gaii; any thirc
by their Labour. The chict I'rade of the City cf Juldi
lies in Stutls brought thiihir Irom iural, and the C'oall ot
Ccromandd, in all tints of China Commoditieis, Preci^^^us
Stone, C«ild, Benjamin, Wax, Copper, Lead, Imiigo,
Calamba-WcKxl, Brafll-^^■ooll, Cotton, and Deer-Skins,
ot «hiih they exior: fifty thoulaiul every Year to y^/ui ;
ami their Rice is tianljvurted in vail Qiiantities to all the
neighbouring Countries. The King himlclf i. a Merchant
here, and has his Factors at /V(«, .ha, Jatif^oma, on the
Coall of Ciromandil, and in CbiHii itielt. The Money n
very gooti, being <A three ditlVrent lort-, viz. Ticah,
Miifes, and Toanjia ; two 'fcairjiej make a /Vl/;/>, and four
A/j/W a Tica!, which iscquivak nt to a FrtHcb I ialt'-Crown;
four of ihefe TiiaL gc to a 'Jjtl, twenty ot which nuke a
(jri/zd in Silver. Their Inuilell Silver Money is the -Ticni \
but Provilions l^ing lo Vi ry iheap here, they ni.ike ule of
certain Shells brougiit thither tri.m .V/<»«i/>vj, eight or nine
hundral ot whuh go to a 'louni^.

The Pcr/uj^ufZ.' Ixing tulhcu ntly f iiliblr what (irodigi-
oas Advantage iliey were oJile to reap trom if<is kingdom
lor lupportiiig tlic-ii IVadiik to t!i< MoluiC.i'i and I'bi'.tp-
ptf Lies, the Vneloy^ ot (»i'.j were always very caretu! to
cultivate a gooil Coirjfponduiee with the King of S:(tm,
who in return graiiftd tin 111 iiiaiy P.ivik-ges, till lucii
time that the Duub got Footing there at tiie Ikginnmg
ot this Age. File i'irtu^uei:- \seie lo alarmed thereat,
tlut they nut only obllru.tcd the Fraile of the Siamrff to
Si. fhimai and M;.'.<_f.i.'j«, tnit all j ittai keJ .. l)u!:b Vef-
lel m tlie River .\Jffuim, whuli, wiih liime other Oiitrag'^i,
leived only to ii.cinic the Kini', v\ .i'/cWi againil them, who
ever after tntouragid the Duuli 111 their Settlement and
Commerce, which is very advantageous to them in itfpect
of t!ie Iflts of Java and Sumatra, of which they are now in
Puirellion.

10. 'Fhe King.lom of Catnk.it.i Ixirders to the North-
Well upon the Knguoiu ot Si.im, Ijciiig incloled I7 the
.Sea on the other Side •, the capital ( ity is leafed upon a
River fixty Leagues trom the S.i-lhore, whicli nits out
ot a i.ake, as do all the other Rivers of this Kingdom.
'1 hat wiiiili runs by Ci-miitaia (Jverrio^^s every Vear like
the A'j.V i Its lirll Rile is n, tli IJ- ginning of yKWi", mcreal-
ir.g by dcgriT.s to t;,, or twelve b.>ot, an.' in 'Juljut .'lit-
gu^ 11 ov. rl.oi^s tlw K ou; uy to t.'nt di-!?r.r-, tliat it isqute
uiinaviijable ; V.\ wtiich i»ftJ<jH n ,. ihn the City yl dn-

^■^^loc, Book I. I Chap. II. through the grcateft Part (?/ M^ E A S T - I N D I E S. 783

Mia is huilt upon a ririnR Oround, having Init nnr large Palace is fortified only with Palifulors, their nrrat temples
Strerf. The 'I rule ol rhf /'tfr/«|«/tH.cre conliftt chicHy arc of drick. The City is able to raili: loooo tiRhnnn

,f '7|t"bc■d.u,„g,ig
wit 1 the Leave, „it^

x'.w of m. oJur i.ur,.„„„.
'"rii.ci.Co,.vu,u.my,„i

«'-<•/ 'WtrefurHho;,,;

Krlonsotanylan„.„ri„rc
t-onlirmation of thnr Mar
U Unlcnt IS obtaintil, and
'""ate ami live ,.,gc,lK.r„

•».u in co/c of Separation,
ilivulal Ixtwixt then,, ,,nd

:'^'y-'g»'ni butthcUncu.
tl'nr Mailers whoccnfi.

';v.'V their Chil.irnihav.,,.
•'"•'■; ^'ll-'C'S ulucl,, aitf";
f '■ » arts k one {;(h> to tir
who are to kar tlic l-u.
«rear, and the third to the
»hait, fxcept that the e'dfil
IVoplf of an mlrrior
'otWltl^l^andln^ wj.jch both
'r^f'l- rhiy ilon't t.ik. tht
their Childrin till rh-y are
ilicin tu their Ixtldaliicks
1 \V ruing, attcrw.ir.1 brad
lunmercc, or the Court.

lale, l,y realon th.it Pro-
t they t.ui't gaf, any thir.T
iiadfot thcCity tt 7.v./i4
jui curat, and the Coalf ot
ina Coinnioditifs, I'ncious
X-, Copper, Lead, Imiigo,
Cott'iii, and Dcer-Skins,
Jiaiid every Year to Jj^an ;
n vail Qiiantities to all the

King hmdelf J, a Merchant
tgUf .ha, jfangoma, on the
:^»«4i itiell. Thi' Money u
irtVrcnt lorts viz. Tuah,
fa make a ALif-, and fuur
lit to a /•><•«<* Hal t'-Crown;
A twenty (if which nuke a
Sliver .Money is the fien^ ;
nap Inn; thry make uie'of
rem .MuHiLs, riglit or nine

ntly ftiifible what prodigi-
t<) reap from this Kingdom

till MsluiC.i'i and iii'.ip-
were aiway. very c.infiil to
ce witii tiie Kiny of S:am,
niai.y l';ivilij>es, till lurh
i{; thcr.- at tilt B(p.';ning

wcic- li) a'ariiird thvreat,
e Trade of tiie Sunnfft to
allij .ittai keJ .. Dutch Vef-

with liniK; other Oiirrag?^,
ol «y.'.;wnf4aiiiif them, who
il> III thi-ir Uettlc merit and
itajjeous to tficm in i(li>fcl
', ot wluch they arc now m

./(.; Iiorders to the North-
iti, being intlcled by the
[ ital ( iry is (eatcii upon a
b.M-lliort, which iifn out
r KiVlts ol this Kiiiijdiim.
overdijN^s every Vtar like
}' limning ot 'Junt, iiicrcal-
l'.>ot, and in 'Jidy or Ju-
tliii "li-)^rer, ij-.at it is()U;te
it >: ihn the City of Cnni'
itJiti

, - , - - ..- -.., .- .., .w«>v>> iiirhtinn

in Mtil.icca StiitK which tlirv rxrImnBr ff.r Benjamin, Men. The Inhabiwnts arc rather inclining to a brown than
Ijcijue, Wax, Rice, HruU VrflcN, and Ban of China olive Colour, generally well fliaped, and oroiid in their
Iron. I , . I outward Deportment, but obli^int^ enojjjh i their Con-

The King of Ctmboiiid ii only « ValTd of the King of verfation with their Friends. The Natives arc, for the
Siam, being nut able ui brinK al«ivr ihiriy-jive thotiland moll part, employed in Hulbandry and l''il}iing, and
Men into the Firld. The Nohihty or Olficets of the drink nothing but Water; Wine, and (bong laquors,
Guilt are divided into four feveral Kanki, rix. into Ocki- bemg odiou» to them. The only Fkafure they delight in
n.is, •h-rmmos, 'Itnimas, and Nrnprrs \ ihe lirft of which is that of Women » fo that each Man, befidcs four or five
aie the only Men ot ( onlldrratKiii, thry being admitted Wives, maintains as many Concubines as he is able: As
info the King's I'reltnce, and \\r cinli ri with them con- they look upon Fornication as a flendcr Trefpafs, fo they
crrning the Manafnemrnt of ptibllck Alf.iirs. The Pcrlu- punifh Adultery with the utmoft Severity, though nothing
gum are lo firmly (cttled here, ih.it the Dutch have never be more common among them than this Crime,
been able to get any Footing, I'lovilions ot all forts Vc- Their chief Wealth confifts in their Slaves, whom tljcy
nlon, B.rl, Fork, (ioaii, KitK, llarrx, ( lanes, I lerons, feed at a fmall Charge upon Rice and Filh, The Foreign-
iiid in iViort, all mannrr ot I'oiiliry \ «•; likewile Oranges, crs arc the only People here who apply themfelvcs toTraf-
CitroMS M;inp,oeH, and (Viron*, nie fold cxieHlvely cheap j fick and Navigation. The Air of Patapan, though ex-
there ht\rifl luch Plrnty here ot every thiiij',, and Specially ceeding hot, as lying near the Equinoftial, yet is not un-
ot kice, that thole iil .'^//i/ww uliiiir rxpnrt ynrly two wholfome. They have but three Months Winter, viz.
thduland (.cpaM('s of Rue, live of wliii li make ci^lit Tons, November, December, and January, when it rains without
at llventeen or eighteen 7/iv/i the l\)p.iii(?, IntcrmifTion : The rell, from February to OJJober, is thcif

That Neck ot Land wliuh rytrndH in the Form of a Summer. They fow no Jiing but Rice, and till the Ground
Drmi llland, tiom the kin(';d<"»')r,V/rt»i to the S. )•'„ to the with Buffaloes. Frui.s are here ;,i fuch Plenty that every
N, W. of the Ffluinoilial I ,ine, betwixt thr(iiil|)h o\' Hengnl Month produces a new kind. Hens lay twice a-day ; and
and .Vfirw, is eall'-d the llllimiit ot MitluiKi, and contains Provilions are in fuch (^i.mtities as cannot l)e imagined, as
the Kingdoms of 7»iu>y and Pdlitfan, 'I hii C'otmtry was Rice, Ox<n, Go.its, Deer, (Jeefe, Ducl^-, Hens, Capons;
lirftdifcovered by the /V/fti;«<".v in 1 11 1, who elVahlifhcd Peacoks, Hares, and all forts of' Vcnilim. Hog"! they
ih nifelves there fo th.it di'|.";iie liiat nobody hath been breed none -, but the Forclts are lull of Wild-Boars, and
able hitherto to dillod(',e llinn. Thr City of Malacca is though they eat them not, they kill them, bccaufe they
fituat'-d ujwn the .Itrait, which li'iiaratcs the lile of Suma- are fo pernicious to the Rice. The TigTs, and great:

Ajxs, which are in the Forclls here, do alf) cunft'erable
Milchief i but the Wild-Elephants do no Damag'. at all;
they hunt them with Tame I'llephants, and whilft they are
engaged with them, find Means to tie their hinder teet
together, and afterwards tame them by Hunger.

The King of Patapan is a Vaflal to the King of Siam.
Jobore is the utinoft Point of Land of that Peninfula, called
by the Ancients Aurea Cherfo»efMS, reaching to the Streights
of Sittcopura. Its chiet Towns are Linga, Bintam, and
Carymon, and its Metropolis is named Balufabar, which
is however divided into two Cities, fituate upon the River
Johore, fix Leagues from the Sea, the lirit of which is
called Batiifabur ■, the fccond Cottafabrang ; one having
about 1 300 Paces the other 500 in Compafs. As the
Houfes are all built of Free-done along the River-fide, and
railed on Piles eight or ten Foot from the Ground, they
make a glorious Profpeft as you come up the River •, for
this City contains at Icall 4000 Inhabitants fit for Service
in the Army. The King of Jobore is Proprietor of al!
the Grounds which he beftows on any that delire them, to
be manured : But though the Grounds arc extremely fertile,
fuch is the Slothfulnefs of the Mahyans, that they felJoiii
cultivate them. The Mal.iaa, or MiLiyan Langi: iijc, as it
is the moft elegant of any in the Imiics, fo it h is gained as
much Reput.ition there, and is as generally uf-d as the
French is in Europe ; and having no Inflexions in cither
Nouns or Verbs, it is not very diiiicult to learn.

1 1 . Wc will now look over the Continent to the Ifle of
Sumatra, ten Leagues diftant from the Malacca Shore ;
it extends from about 5" on this Side to 6=" b.-y^ntl the
Line, containing 165 Leagues in Length, and aliuiit 60
in Breadth ; fo that thofe who inhabit the Middle of the
Illanii have the Equino6tial Line dirertly over tli-'ir Heads 5
whence it may be eafily conjertured, that c!ie Heats are
cxceirive here, which together with the vaft M.i'ti'iide of
I-ikes, makes the Air very unwhollcimc : This Deftil is
recompenfed by its vaft Riches in Gold, Silver, Copper,
Iron, and Brats, (whereof they make as r;aod Artillery
here as in any Part of F.urspf) bdidcs Rice, Millet, and
Fruits in prodigious Quantiti'S, even in the very Foielb.
Add to this its Wealth in Diamonds and oth.er precious
Stones, and its Produtt of Silk, Spices, Wax, Honey,
Cotton, Camphire, CalUa, aiul divers other medicinal
Drugs. Of white Sandal they hav^ whole Wootis, and in
the Centre of the Ille is a Burning-mountain, like that of
t'cjiivius, wluch they lay is conllincly fupplied by a River
of Pitch.

The.

iraitnm the Continent, at two Pegreci thirty Minutes
on this .Side of the Line, at the l''oot of« Mountain, which
is wholly taken up I'y tlw Town, and is about 1*100 Paces
in Compafs, Ooo whl'mj cxieiid iiloiif'thc Sea-Coall, for-
tified with a good Wall, an likewilr to the River-fide,
which inclofcs anothrr lliml Part of the 'I own, being
ftrengtheneti to the Liitd lidr by hnir regular Baftions -,
that of St. Dcmififo on ilif Point of the Kiver-Iide, that
of St. Jago on ttie Sea llmie, iind thole railed Madre de
Di«s, and of Flevin itnifMil t'm'iiK. Uviwixt tholt- two
the Je/uils Colleg'S ealld St, /W's Hands upon the Hill,
and upon riling Groimd, in the Plain wiihoiitthe City, a
Convent of ya.ebiiii. I'lie Kiver inns N. W. is very
broad and bra. kilb at Mii^,h"Wiiler, Init ficlli at Low-
Tide » there is a Biutgc over if.

It rams conlfantly hnr two or thrr- Times a Week, ex-
cept in the Months of January, hhuary and Marcl.'; the
Shore ii fo muddy that ilure is no landinj; at Low-w.itcr.
The two Ides called ///■'» de Nav, and llha de Pedra lie
not much above a tannonlliot from the City, the Cha-
nel Ix-twixt thele twn lil.ini's ,ilVi)rdm('; as fife I larlwurtor
the Galleons and bicj/rr V'ejlrl 1, ni that betwixt the City
and the llha di N'los tor the VelKls of a middle Size i
but fmall Barks may enter thr Riv<-r. In the City o\ Ma-
lacca, its Suluiibs, and .id|aeent I'owns under the Jurif-
diefion of the Pcriupfzc, are lomputid to Iw about 120a
Inhabitants, and,aiiiiinn il» m.nol above 300 fighting Men,
and fcarce 200 Poriii/ucze, t\\v rrW being either .^/^yiizifj
or Malayans. The i'uriuy,ur7.c arc in I'oficfrion only of
the City of Mal.iica, an'd its Suburbs to the Town of
Ntjira Sinhera dt Cu.id.iluf", five I ,e,igurs thence upon
the lame River, the rerriforus of the King of y^^'*"' ^-
ginning half a League- ihcnc, This City being to com-
mcxiioully fituand tor ih-' Ti.idi' of China and the Molii:-
rrtsthe Ptrtu%H<ze ha I, in all I'robability, made this one of
the chief tradini- Plairs in the huUes, if the Dutch, who
belicged it in iixii'i, and laid i^reat Part tt it defolate, hiid
not prevental iheiii i and In nip, by their Settlements in
Crykn and Java, lieiome Mill 'rs ofthefe Seas, quite ru-
ined the C'ommeiie lit th' l\riugMti.c to China and the

Mvlxt iiK.

The Kinpdom ot l'at-iffl>i i-. not of fo Iar(»,can F.xtcnr,
Init murhmoie populous ilian I'lat of Jobf.re, the Kingot
Patapan lKini>;, aca>iiliii(^ 'oihr Coiii|)Uiation n\' the Hollan-
ders^ al.l-.- toi.ote I Ho, Mm i the lapitalCity bearing

tliel'aiiie Name, is l< ai. d up..:! tlie »«eafi^!e, thoughits Har-
bou: l>e .iN.vi- .>ooi> I'ac . iIkiu '•• 'l"l>e I biules are hand-
fome enouj^h, being built wt I'liiibet and Cams. The Royal

i i :'

^,ft

Pdlrl 1

fW I .'iff
I •

1? '

I f£.. Vi

.1 11'

..M

{ .

IK s '

784 '7ht- f o)iioti oHA i)hjii\'iilnjin oj J. A. dc Maiukllloc, liook I

'Ilv lUiuiu'., 01 /'"/"»«r r-'imnt, 11 4lf„ vuv
thi* inr I It \r\ty Mfhrr U r»||ul a Slm,li ,

(ItlCM.

iiutn in I

con,

Uli J

The whoir ir4nil 11 liivUird into trn Kmj;il«>mi, t)<

w!,n!i fliol. ol .f /w, /' ./ r, /'.((m, Camtoram, T.-ihif .in.l ^^^^

^:^ntmht, lying on thf S<.i rule on thu Si,!r fl ■• I mr, are I if. M liiVinK no ttnly. bui (Ffuwn to 4 M4),\ 11^,, . ,"
only known to fi rtignw Th< l^- wli-- K v> it .n ^'..I th»- li l>nng» forth l.rav<^ IkLtt 11 iwika io a |.oo( hcilA',,

thcr, morr for I'rolif than Ciir.or.ty, huvmn m.u!o biit lit- •» -' ' ■ ' " ' '*" --' • ' '■ .<• •

tic Sciiuh into it^ inlanil I'rovmrt*, of wliifh the /»sr/i*-
tuiZi K'vc ut Jn AiroiiPt <«ily ot two, viz. that o> .fW/-
^(ij» ar, 1 .iiu>i.:». I he Pm/iA luvt- alio iiila»»rrnl tlic
kingdom of I'tSmhm bryi-nJ fhr l.inf, wlirrr they have

M
Ihet

ihrf wuIkt ai.il lall, ai»l ..ilnti Ipioiit l(,it!i m tl,<i't'li ji
till !Uih tnnr th? Flam atnvts at itt tiill Growth ^n,hl
Kmit to It* Maiuiiy. w! uh ,« in Shajn- .„.| Cole, ,,;''
our FiLAS Ix ing oJ a yi-llow girrn, which btii^ n,,i;,u,;i'
aiiJ hiinn .wi i Nail, Will ripen in toiii 01 livi U.iyi |'

tl il tlunilVlvt's at prrfcr.t. 1 he Kinu;! Aiitn aif alio the Mi lillc u! ih'- Iravc (umn a Howci ol a V|olt^^^^^

.al'rr^ of /V..'rr am! T^.v*!, which imhulrs all tin- Nor- lom. «'| tfu i;i|^n<|, of An Oltn. h'l byi;, wlitr.n, ii.niT,

«tii L'MiU o» th' Ilif. lin- City of Jihit i» Iratal m a l« iiii i kuul ot a Hraiu h not unhk. a CaMu^, -Sta,:, ij.

fi<aci'H» PUin, iii>on a broad, hut (hallow Kivir, kuig »l(n wall a Hunch ot I'ir^ : One Stalk pn,;ut« no'm.Jic

I'anc pa(Talilf h) In-a'l ftuts. It lu^ nt ither lortilic.ition than one Bumh (Init n! mar an liumirtcl li|;s ,,t a I m.j

nor (jatf* 4 their Houli-. au built uiion l'il<s anl costuJ but being cut cl^.l'i- to (hr <iroi»ul, .mother liiiiiii,sout^»i,J

witl. (he Leavii of C'Koa frrei. I he Royjl Kil.ur ilim!s l»->ri l-iuii in one Month, anil continucj lu do lo thruuuli

in the Crntre of the City, which hcinp. well | .il.l.iviorcl t'C whcle V-ar. The I. raves of ihc I'rrr arc fix Kooi

and rtankri!, coM'.nuM.!i tf»c wholf T'nwn, ai';l h« hvcn 'one. mul a !•.«,[ anJ halt broad, and the I ui.i icvm ur

Ciate^. '1 hr NatiV(s arc of an olive Cok>ur, and vciy flat ught Ii.chcs Un;^, and a* big as a gooil Cuiumkr ; cl.c

Uct»li thcirCiarnu'itsareonly aCalicoc(.<)wn, a lilk Shirt, I''iR« are inch, (id in Hulk^, which arc vtiy iiounihing, aill

and a Turlun on their Heads ot the fame Si off. I he Kug cat inllcad of Bread.
IS fiivcil bv \\< :"<M and Kunuchs, and \s a MAnmnf^^.m,
AS wv.II as a'l il til of th< InliaHtanf. mar tl.r Coatt of
Sumaiu, liicy b<p,in thnr l^fnt at th<- NcwmcHm in
the twelfth M'nth, whi<h cncls at the lame 'I mie in the

1 hf P'piK r of Sumatra i> next to that of Ccdm, the
Ix-ft ol all the Mifj i 11 is coiiiinonly pl.mttd .it the Riot
ot I tecs, or piDj'iHd iij. w.th C.ii.cs a* we d j ouf llopM
the Ijravcs are not unlike that cfl the Ofaiij^c tree, hut

next. I ;ie\ have no Corn, but Rice in great Plenty, as loMxwtiat led. The liuit grows in littL Bi

Junii«r-b«rn--<. It i» green wiiilil u\xm thi lue, but
grows black altrr it is dik-d, which u done in D^nK.c^r
and January. Ihe white IVp|Kt docj not gr jw in luJi
abuiulancr here, and B. Kt^al is tl.c only Couiury tlut pru-
diicej lonj; Pepper. It is certain, there is more Ptptjcr an
li;nird in the JnJits than in kxnpf, lycaufc the- kdiuin
put Handfulj ot it in their Saucei, but not bcauii 01
t^iound.

I J. 'I Ik iHaml of Jna Mojtr is d.vidcd ironi SmMn

alio ft'v.'s, Bidf.iloej, (i'>af<i, and Sheep •, the laft of which
nobkly \\A\ tl.c Privdigc to brted rxfcpt tlic King. 1 hey
alx>ii)'d a'l'. IP Oi.iig'*, I-cini>n«, Bonanav I.tinarinds
B.ta'as Kavli'^r', *i! .nar.e, a'd LcttiifS. l h'lr ordina-
ry I) i!'k IS Wat r, Uil they n.akc a kind of //jm litx,
or AnJ(k of Cotoaj.

1 !,( Ille of Sumatra pr<Miurr< a jvruliar Tree railed
Si'gaJi by the MaIjyiH\ aiu. Jthr ttijlc dt Did by the
PtttugUi^e. It is lull o; Rraiuhrs with Knots, and (pRiut^

f( rih t>wi L-aVi» like Plunilv haves, except liut thry are fo the South-l'jft only by the narrow Streight ul Sundu:
fniall like S,i£c, and aic covered wuh a wlut.'^! Down: It' L/'igih is titty Leagues, and lomc faiititd it I'.utofthc
Kach of thtle l.<-avc4 hath its Bud, which t '.h torth Continent, w.hiih extends to tlic Sircights ol Mi^d.M,
fniall I Ira.'<, havit^j; four round I.tavet j each I b ..d pro- tonunonly called 'Terra Auftralis. Juhui SuUi^r was not
dues five Howtni in a C luflcr, the h.'th b» in{; exactly in in the Wrong ol it when he- called it the l".[>U(jnic ot the
titc Middle ; tJiey are as wh:tc .is Snow, ot tlic B;);nets of ^^'ofld ; it being ccitain, th.it fhcic is no Animal, Iruit,
an Orang' Ilowir, and blow in the Twinkling ot an b.ye, Metal, or Druj', iuit what i-. found here in greater I'ltnty
as foon a-, the Sun \s fet \ and when it rifcs again the next ll'-"' in any P.,rt of the I'niveric.

Mornirg, tl.i Mowers, which h.tve t</ntinui d all Night, The lnlia!>itants deduce their Origin frum the G.Tiiryi'i
drop in an Ii.llart. Thus the Tree continues filj Sun-fct
3ga;n, »!..n it ojiers, and prcKluccs the F'oweis m the fame
manner as U f re, and r.tU them again at tie iiitl Aj>j>rar-
ani'c of that Planet, win h invigorat- s al! other Vri>,rtabic5.
J lu L(X(«s, of which there are to, • kinds, arc veiy coin-
nv n in thus Illai.il. The Tree wl.ich bi-ars the Cocoa-

and, to ijeak rri.ih, their lar[;e hurt heads .md Brows, J J
little I'ye«, rdunbic much that Nation, 1 .u h '1 own i'
Note in Java lias its |»'iuliar Pi nice, and now ihty anaii
SovtK ,gns indcj endant t)nc ol another. The Kin^', ol h.m-
I'-m and Pitf.'aml'u.nH are at prel nt the moll [.<jtuir, th ■ !a;l
ot which has g.vcn the Name to the Streight that (hvijj

Nuts grows vtry hi^",!!, but not alx)vc a lo»>t Diamncr in the I(lc of 'Jaxii and Hala. Ten Ijcai-uics to tl.< Nuith 11

Bulk. It lus net a Branch but .U rhe Top, wi.erc it Ij rc.uls tlie City of Patunnan, near which is a bun. ing .Mi-urtoiii.

like a Date tree, and thcfc don't pK^'uce the Fruif, ^ Inch J he King ot f.ntjru.an ami Palnmiuam are Ptv^iuis , but

grow tm or twelve in a CluUrr out ol t!-; IWy ot the the King ot the City ot I'jjj.ir.hm, lix l-ra|;'i. s irom /'j-

I'ret. The Mowir rtlembl<s tliat ot a C'lifnut. 'J his narucan, is a Mcb.immtiiaH. Ten Leagues 10 ili. Welt li

Tree is of univcifai lie in the IrJuj. In tl.c Afa/jr.ri ihr City ot 7^'"'''"", noted tor its conveni'iit i larbouruixjii

Idaiu!s tlicy bu.ki wliolc Ships witln'Ut any tl.mg but wh.it a River, where the .Ships gou'g from the Mulua.ii tu Ban-

IS fun iHiCvl by the Cocoa-tree. The outwaid Rind af- /.:«• commonly touJi, to take in trcdi Water and P.-ovi-

forxlirg tl.eni a ku d of Hem; fcr their Cord.ige and C'a- lions. I j)on th< tame Kivi r Ins the Luy ol (! rui. 1 he

b!e^, arid ti'c Ix.-.vis witli Materials for .Sails atui the Co- City of HuratiUa has iti proix-r King, uiid' r whole Jiii 1-

v,-iii.^ of tir. ir Houfes ; btfides that, tliey ufc them tor diction is alio ttie City ol Hi-.'u.m, iix Ixaguo th.nc- to

the making cl Un.lrelU'i, Kans, T^nts, Mats and Hat thcWclb He kreps hisC.ouit aion/rfya, wluJi is well tcrt.-

The riu.t ;i 'f tl c B g'lefs of an Oftrich'-. Fgg, and the tied, but dclfitutc of a fate I larUur. Ten l.eaguei mcirc

outw;ud R.rd, winch arrn.b'''^ that of our Walnuts when to the Well lies the City oi 'laii., >i, mxt to ii-ii-iam the

dried, aflords the I lemp »e Ij" ke of before. It they ga- moll ConfideraNe of the IP.e, and live I.ea[;ucs larilia to

tl»'r it Ufore the Ni.t is come to full Matiirity, it affords the NoithVVcIl the City of Cij.im. Maniijlicaoi is mha-

alKM;t aQu.itt ot v<ry pleafiJ.t I.ir,uor, wiu< h li k;-.t in the liitcvl only I7 I ilhrrmcn. live Leagues tarther to the

•Sii. II, by d'-grees turns to a kind of a Kernel, which be- Wefl is the City ot 'Ju/'ar.i, u\o:\ a Neck of i-ind, which

rom-s y. !I<jw, arid is ol a v.ry gu<x!'lalh, and exceed- runs out three leagues into the Sea. 'J wcntyliv;.' Le.ii;»i>

u g w hoii lomc. hence, and forty-live itoni Buntam, Iks ALtrijm, ot Mii-

l luir ToJdy, or Palm Wire, tliey draw fiom the Tree, taxam, a great City, and the Helidencc of a |>owertul Kii.g,

whiiil it IS in Kkfli)m, and pulling olf the Mower, thc-y who onie p: -tended to th^ Sovireige.t) over ail the relUl

fadfn it to an I nthen \ ■.n"'-l «c!! ft..p[-ed, inf) winch nina the Illand, and llill (lik-s himll it hmfKioi of 'Jiii.:.
a Lifiu-.f, reftnilli.-igin'l .^Ite a-u! Colour our Wh y ; This Five l.eaguts to tfic Weft ol 'Jap.n.i Ins i^ic Ci:v uf

whtii Ix.iK-d IS ciU.d 1 oddy, a.^-id ftt in the Sun, turns to I'ata, and three Ixagues fatintr tlut ol Dauimi, Nith um.'cr

\ ,11 p.ii» immedutely , and il dirtillcd, inakrs a kind of th-: Jurilihetit.n of the Kingot Matraws as we.i as tliatot

/^j«! I'lU. The Pith of th.- I'lce, as it is very white, 7i?f,(,' in the fuiic Bay. 'I hr luxt is the fair and tlroiig

fii i;il>)es the InJinm w.th Paper. The tuoni kind u Cny t f T^.m;//.*"!., Icatcd up.na Kiver, by \\huliyou pals

called 1 y die I ir:ii^iuzt ^Irufuira, fioin tlie Jra^a it pio- tu tlic Citlci vi liaUHagt aiid .Mi.hu. ad;n, ani.; IJ li'i"' 'I'-

IOC.

liook I.

j^uiK pK.'.ucf, nomoic

r ■"""'''" 'i"">M Wit, »,;j'

■■'K«xlCuiumlKri t(,
l"<-- voyuouf.ihinu.ai.a

l""ly pLmttd .It tlic K.OI

V ''"^, ^^"'"(Jf tra, |„,i'
h 'n lull. Buidic. 1,' ,•
'"\ "J"'" tia !„(., (,,(
"ill Ik Jone in />.,i,. ,
' i'^« not Rr jw in i^.i,
;■• "I ly Uuury tlut pr,.
'•crcs more K'p,,ir ail

I'-ct, but not bc4cn oi

irrow Strrif^ht u/ j'^uJ^ •

umciincicJiti.irtot'ihc
' S'lrciRlits ol M,!;e:...„,

Juhui iu.;;^r Wis i,u
cJ If the I'.piionic o( the
etc is no Aninu), I tuit,
Mil lit rem yrcatcr i';;;iij'

t^riRin from the a/«yf i
i>nhfacis .Kill hiuws, J J
N"4lion. Ja>li 'Iu»vii,i
itr, ami now iht y ate aii
titer. 1\k Kiri(^', ol Am-
the moll (<;tiiir, th !a.l
the .S^ICl^;l)t that (iivi,.j,
/-ea^uici to tl.i Nu(th,i
I !■; .« I.>iir;.in^* .\!i,uit,ii;!.
ml ham ore >',;;.,(/» , but
I, lix Iz-a^iKs trom /'j-
I.eagut^ to ill. Wti'tij

•nviiii'i;iilarbourii|x>(i
ni the .\:Juu:ii lu ban-
trc-fli \N airr and p.ovi-
if City ol 6'. rut. 1 lie
)g. uiuIt whole Jui;;.
lix JxagiK» th.nco to
^aya,^\nd\ n well tcrt.-
r. I CM I.C4giiii niwc
I, next to ii.i/.:am the
five I.fagucs lan.ha lo
AfanJj/uacn u uiha-
.ciRiics lirthcr to (he
Neik of l..i;i.i, wlmh
7 weiityiivi.' Lt.ii;iii>
hl■^ ALtruiH, or Mu-
icc ol 4 ixjwcrtuiKii.i?,
lit; t;vcr ail the nil jl
ifKior ol yd-L.;.
.»/)./',» Ii:.', tju C:v ul
ol Duumn, WiCu urn.' r
i;w, us Will a^ that ol
s the tair and llririi;'
ir, by whiih you \uh
id' 'I, a;K! ij tiiiw' ilij
V'iilii'C

Cliiip. II. throNgh the grcaujl Part of tU V. A S '1' - 1 N I E S. -'8i

I''

\ illatie ot ^tfrt* to tlif City of "Jacatra, and thence to Ban-
i.wi, lh< no"'^ confiilcrablo in ili whole Ilhnd, dated ac
ihc Foot cit a Mountain alwut twenty live l,i j-',uei troni the
, ..jKilite Ci'jll ol the Itlantl ol S^mi.rj. T|„\e Rivcri rile
iiiitot this Mountain, two lurrotiiKJir,;!; n% Wall;., and the
ihiril iMlliii!; through the Muidic ol it, Ihe ||ouli:>i are
milcrably built, and the Wall* very wutched, as well 41
the datei, ihouyli at every hundred Pac :s provided with a
great Piece ol Cannon, which are ot little Ule in a I'jacc
where the Curtains are not defenl'iliie, and luvc, inll^'ad of
Towff., only .Sialloldi. The whole City liai only three
l.tiiKipal Streets which arc not p.ived, l.iii laiidy, the Chaii-
mli which run through them l)eiiij< very llinkini', and loul,
which fenii forth a very nauleom Sine 11 all ovi 1 the City.
At eatii Corner ot the Streets Hand Ciuards, as .illo .it the
I'rilbn Gate near the Palace, and eacli Perlon of Note keepj
iGii.ird ol tenor twelve, for his own Security, in Ins 1 loule,
Th< ir Houles arc meanly built, u\x}\\ Piks \ they are com-
iiiuiily ot Kccdi and Canes, and the Partition^ all of Rim-
Iwcs, ot Canes llit very thin. 7\ll the l-'oieignirs here live
without the City, iind the Mirchants meet daily in one or
(itlier of the three great M.irki c placcb beloii^inu to this
Lit> .

riie Bazar, or I'xchan;^'.!'. "» chiefly frequented by Fo-
riit','"'"« *■'"' "'*'■■*■■' ^^^'^' *" Ufcak ol Uay, and continue
nil nine of the Cl<Hk. 'J'he lecoiid M.iikcr pLice faces
the (irand Molque, where the Women buy and 1111 Peji-
|>er, Bietic, Areca, Bananas, Melons, Chiclies, (j}c. and
white ami yellow Sandal Wood. The Armourers, wiiu
Ull Arms, Guns, Pillols, Swords, idc. (landing higher up
to the Riftht ; and 10 the Left, tluConfedioni rs with their
Sweetmeats: Near thnn is the Place where they fell all
forts of Beans ; and lu xt to that the Onijn Market, where
the Cloth-fellers and Ufurers have their Meeting. I lani
by this yon lee the Poulterers, who deal in Gecfc, Kids,
Pidgcons, Parrots, and all fort-i of ume I'owl. Thence
you fee three fevcral Ways, one leading; tc the Chinefe
Shops, the I'econd to the 1 leth-market, the third to the
Siiambles. Among the Cbnifjt; to tiu Right, the Jewel-
lets, who deal in precious Stones, h.avc their Station j and
the fl^ff^rt/M/iJ with their I'oy-lluips, on the Lett. The
Sale ot all theic things Kills only till Nini; o'Chjck, when
the Mil kits tor all Iciris ol Ptovilions arc opened More
the I'alace, and alx)ut No'Hi the Chi; /: NLrkct begins.
The t iiy of lulmn, or 'fiiLioii, cliallen^^is tiu- next Pl.ice
alter HMtaiii in the lile oi 'Jai,!, bciiii; ilrur.^^vr than all
the rtll, and tlio' not lb l.ir^e, yet better built than Ban-
ttim. Its I'alace is very fpacuius, .nui uniaikable lor the
tnai.y Apartments made here lor d.veis luits ol Biilhthat
are kept with more than ordinary t are ■, lucli as Llephaius,
lightiiiR-cocks, and Parrots, tiie lail ol which are much
more Ix'autiful than thole tianfiJoit-d into Europe, becaufe
they are too tender to tiuluie tlu latigu-s of fo long a
Voyage. 'I'liiir chief Tr.uTHk lies in Pepper, wliiJi they
rxehan(i< in the Ilk- of lia'y lor (.aliiw. Cotton, and Silk,
and carry iholi Commodities to llvuta, Taiui.'c, and the
Philippine lllcs, to truck for Cloves, Mue, and Nw
megs.

I'hc Natives live nioftly ui>on I'llli. They h.ivc no
other Garments Imi a I'len ot Cahcoe wrapped rounil
their Loins, exicpt tha' the l>;-trer S.irt wvar a kind of
loule Lamblet Coats, n-.u hin;.', only to tluir Thitjiis. They
are ^;reat Ixiveis ot 1 lorUs, their Sadilles beiii«r m.-idc like
our'^'t;reat Saildles. The Naino inhaL)itir.t,i the inland
Lountritsof Jav<t are all r,ii^,iih, and believing the Tranl-
migraium ol the .^oul, cat 1.1 iilier filh nor h'lelh. To
the South th re are a I' w MAummidiins of the -Jurkiflj
Sect. Ttuy iiave tv. j great L.1II-. the Clrn.! of winch
i"! upon tiie /-.ih of AuiUlt. I'here are lew ani.i;i;; the Ja-
latij but wlut have tliree or toui, luy, fometiir.es ten or
twelve Wives, btlides tlkir Coiicubiivs who are obliged
to w.iit upon the Wive-., tho' their Childie.i have the
lame Prerogative as the !e„ltinutc OlV-fpriit',. Their
Ciiildrcn Ro naked, the G.ns luving only .1 Plate of Sil-
ver or Gold to covir then Piivitics. They marry at
ciRht, nine, or ten Ve.irs of A-e. In their Marriages
they ufc but fi-W Ceiemonics ; certain i'oles are fluck
on the Weddiii^',-Day before the I luuic of the Bride and
Brid.i groom, witli 'L.illiL of whiu and icvl Cotton, and
Numb. LIH.

a ter Dinirr the Ui.degroom rojs on IloilVbaik i\n.AyJi
the L.wn, where the Slaves, who ate Pait of his Do-iv,
Ro to meet hiin, and brii)« him f )iiie PrJ'. nts,

Woirxn ol rafliion aie kept under fmh Rtftra,.;', tliat
they are not permitted lb n.ur h .is to l" c their own Sons
in their Chaii.beisk neitl, r does a Man fpcik, or np) : .v.cli
a Wunuii ol R.ick when ll;e c;as alwud, betevny ,;dy
I'.iveshei W.iy, evcntheKin^I.ioirtll, 1 1, y are knov.nonly
liy tluir Retiiii btiii^ tor the reft clad after the com-
mon Fadiioii, V.,',. m akiiul of Cdiioeor filk Petticoat,
rea-hi <[i iluv-ii lioin the Bresll to the middle of the Leg.
They we.ir ncitlier Stockin^ns nor Head Ornamenf, but
tie tlwir Hair up n the Crown, except it be at Weddings,
or any other Sokmnity, when th.cy have Coronets on their
I leads, and Rings and Hrai ;.letb upon their Fingers, and
aboiit their y\rn)s. They aie lb much addifted to Cican-
hmls, that tie y laver do any tliin;^ without wafhing and
I'athing themlilvi , whidi i' one of t'^vir chief F.mploy-
ment^, and v.lnh they look upon as a proper Means to
ititice their 1 lulbani's to \encry, in which they llrivc to
outvie one another.

In their Courts of JuJicature, tlir PI lintifl' and D fen-
ilant are obliged to pi ad b"th their own Cauli-s. Their
I'uni'hmeiit of Ciiiiiinals is to tie them to a Port, and (la!)
them with a Dagger. Fori igner> have this Advantage,
that provided tlu >■ i an mukj iheir Peace with the Party
com|)laining, tin _v may redeem themlelves from Hcuth,
exiept in the Cale of premeditatcil Murder. The King's
Council, which confirts li mcrin-.cs of live hundred Perlbns,
meet by Moon-light, under a I'.reatTiec, where they con-
tinue till the Mooi. Ii !• The Mill,-, whe.i prelent, fits in
the Middle. The N..tives (A' Jdva are a jiroud, perfidi-
diouf, and cruel Geie.iation, ai;;l li) Hubboin, that futh
as know tluy have dclerver.l Death, will latiier be killed
than taken. Their 1 Ian, wh.ieh is very long, is generally
of a ' hefnut iiolour. The;, !iave luoad t!at Faces, and
large Jaw-bones and I'.ye hi. ws, httle l^yes and thin
Beards, arc tor the reft middle-f./.eJ, but very flrong
Limbs, 'Cli'y Uem not to want Courage, weie tluy bred
up to all the Advant vis o* oi;i niodua Arms; but
they are continted w.t, their Pike, B.ut'e-ax, Broid-
fwords, an.l a Oai'.f^er, Thei; Biiikleis areot Wood, and
liimetuius of h filVl Li-tiur. They wear all'c Armour,
the Pieces of wliiih aie joined iog.;cher witii iion Riiigs.
Their Soldius iMiive no P.iy in 1 ime of Peace. Tluy
have a Way ot iiiov. ing fmall podbneel Arrows tluough
Trunks, by \sli!i'!i tlie Wound is made incurable.

But ti.ole inl.a'iting upon the Strait of Su;:da, being
tranlpia: led thiUur from P.'jfurvufe, ami living under
their o. ii King, art much more licnell and open hearted.
The Gioiinds ol Java are either farmed out by the King,
or Lord ., to eert.iin tree People, or cultivated by Slaves,
and proiUice Ri' e, Pippcr, a",d Cocoa. Some Slaves here
ta!.e their M, filers Trees, and other C'ommodities, at a cer-
t.iin Rate, whiili t!;ey I' '1 to the bell Ai'.\antage they cin;
others v.ork a'.sio.id lor tiieir M.ilhj's I'rofit, at a fet Rate
per Diem. Oiiieis n-.aii.t.iiii thcnifiivrs, and work alter-
nately, Ik Day-, lor their M.'ifters, ar.dan many for them-
f.lvcs. Ihey commonly ailulcerate their Pepper with lilick
Gravel, as thty do all other Coirniodities tluy fell to
Strargers, being very crafty in ti-.cir Commerce-, tho' ve-
ry few rieli Merchants ver.tir.e tl'.e;:' Perlbns on any l-ng
Vova|;e, lut ttaJick, like lur F.nrcl'can Merchani', cy the
All.itai.ce of 1' dluis. Boii>.'.s .....I other .Securities are
written upon the Bark of 'Frees, the Chaiacfers heii g en-
giaven with a Ibrt of Bodkin, w! /i h is either roll d up A-
lerwaids, or laid together fuur-fejuare, betni^t tv.n B.-arJs,
winch they have a Way to ti- he:itiy tosji ther v,;th Pa>k-
thread ; ibmetiin.s they ll!e Cb^iitj} l',ip.er

1 hey have a Language pccuiar to ihemfilve?, but the
Mi.Liwiii is moll in ule here, .md tiie .jabuin ufed by the
MU:'iiiimeditiis. The TralFek of the Pirjiiiiis that live
here is precious Stones, Stu!i"', and Dmgs, and t;-,.- .'ird'i-
i:.ws ami Banjans exchange their Co.nmodities thieily lor
LL'ina Ware. T hole of G::z.nr.t live for the iroll Part
upon Filhing; all tholl Foreigners arc clad after the liime
F'alhion, in a Cahcoe Garnieiir, with a Fin:),!!! of' th:;
fame Stutf. At their Ariiva! they purch.aie a Woman,
who is. to fei-vc for all I Mi <=, At tluir i^-panure, tiiey dil-
tj O pole

f'i S

t H

,li,

7^6 The f'oyn^t'i^anJ OhJavatioNs of |. A. ilc Mandcllloc, Hd,,;^ |

'"I ^1

:rfe-^.i,j.

It . , >

fcifr of her 4iW'"t f^" ">"'^ '"•»^' I'mvifion lor the tliil
«'rrn, il ihry Irave any bfhiiul. Bui ilx i.hiWjt Ate o» all
^(l^rtgt>et^ here llif nwll iiii!.:l)riom in ihnr I fJiting, br-
ing liK)kril ujtin III lilt Ijme I inht « the y.trj iii Eurtft.

111 che I ouMtry, aj'-iinii the uuiung dI thrir r Irtt «" mh-
um (wliKh fonfilh ••inimi)nly in ten .Slii|n nt -,o Tiin^
rxh) in y,tiuttn. 'I licit- brinn in a liirl ol wrftchril Mi»-
try ti'Mii Fiiy by thr Jitwiuji; aiul C"<ij in the- MtUyan
I aiipunr, brinH; a MixCiirc ol L^-ail ami lluls In ItkiV,
Ihat it ihfy talf upon llie (ircuinil they crrtainly lucak.
Thryan- male in tlietiiy ol Q^imea xnCtma, lava i;
twh a four-rqiiaic Mole in the mulilli', thnnii'li wlmli
Ihry UriPK ihcin iifin Straw. It palVfil at lirll vrry uir-
iril in Jiiva, but line thi% H.iliiici> hi» licin (trtuivcial,
it giics n a very 1<'W katr llic l.lmtjt lill iheir I'line-
lain hill at iluaj) Kate, jm! hriii}; alio Siils, Sattm, ,i ,1
Damalk, nt thrir own Mai.ufailuiy, wlmh they rxilianpc
lor HtpjH-r, Latqiie, Ini!ii;o, .Sandal \Vi)«kI, Ntitmrj; ,
Llovcs lorfoilhili, aiul Ivmy. I Key h.ivc nnthn Icin-
jili* nuf I'ticHi at Btimam, but tiny li.ive both at funa-
ritran.

Jj:.i alxjiim'i licth in wiiJ antl tamr lleafti. 'I'lu I o-
rtft» an tilleil with I' k; Iliiu'. Klai ihudIi s, I fo|>ari'', ami
■J yt;er<, whuh ni.ike ihrin very iinl.it'-, ami ii ilic rrjlon
wh) i rai.kiiuinic, Maltiik, Myrrh, 4:ul B<'ii|ainin (wKuh
is belter here t!un in any ittl.rr i'laie/ arc not gaiherrtl m
(u ^mi (^ntitics, the Iw lore- mem loivnl Bealt-, a^ wdl
at the Ser|<nts, l.;/aitts .tml Saianumliii, nukiiiQ the
I orclU l(i very tla(ii;rr()U'; to j>ah. I'lic I loj'i hir( are
wjtIuKit Hi lilacs Itit their U 111 « lian|.', down to the (nouml.
Ihr Kiv.is arc very well (I'^^keJ with I illi, tlurr luvinj^
IxenOyllers Kin in iholc I'arn ttwt Wd^-htJ jotj I'oiuuts,
whiili would Ictni intrei!ii>lr, il there wrtc not to be Iren
to till-. Pay, two OylUr Ihr lis in tin. Duke i.f lidjlfindtt-
hrf'f t.»':ir.er, whicli OiVdK«j, in 1657, Ixjuyhl ut a S<a.
La[-fji:.'> \N iti- at l.r.il'ir.it, u'ul wcii^hrd 402 I'ound'.
Deer, wiiJ lioat», and Boar«, are likewilc here in vall
I'lcnty, liit aft not eal'ily to l-c taken, ly realon of the
L!(.fallai)Ifnclj ol the Wotnls anil the rnlkilluincfs of
the 'Jx.Mqc in the L'fc ol 1 ire-arms. 1 he River* leed
•Ho abuni'anir ol Croc roil 1 l<s i the C.kin(ff tame, lat, am!
cat Uiiin lur a peiuliar Painty. liivit Civet 14 not lb
*hitc, r.or well Itcr.ttd, as tiiat ut Guinea. 1 hey have two
foiti ot tame 1 owls, one like thnlc nl I'.urcpf, the tith't
ul the /»(./;..« Ureetl, wiij and furious-, Ionic have blailt
llelli, hut noiwiihlUmiinf; ih.s i iry arc vrry gixxl KkxI :
'1 lu Klunoccroi is in the Unv l.lUrm wirh tlirni now-a-
«Uys as the I'nitorn was s^-.tli thr Ar.timts, his Milli,
1 Iijfn, Uloot), and Terth, nay, even lus IXirj;, U ing
3pj>lied I.) medicinal Ulcs.

Ihtv have alt(> AntJ here of a much larger S:v' rhan
c<u», ttvy Ijxil every thing they come at. 1 hey have a
certain kiml of thcic Creaturti rrddift), and of the I.tn(;th
of a Mail'* Finger i but thric live in the l-;eKIi upn the
lUiks 1,1 1 rets. Aniong the I-ruif-trecs ol 7<»-.vi the /^r-
t.quicc, which l>eais the .ircij, js none ot the woill ; it
i» 4 Sj'i.cs ol the Cocoa, bu: 1- 1-, in Bulk, ar.d with nar-
rower Ixavcs. Tiic ^rult rtlciiihlcs a Pate intlolcd 111 a
Hoik, v.;i.i.h taili oil when it rijxns-, ;t is sv;thout Tafte,
lot uii.ts the 1 ips ,,,d Icttii of a black Colour. J he
InMdni, ultir they luvc ir.ixtd it witii a little l/nur, wrap
it uj< II. a IJertlc l^-af, and In i.'.e**- it, lookinct opon it as
a good Ut ;n-.'..y agamlt the Suirvy. It ssiil uule in luh
a^ aie nut wim to it, a Pi/./.i(tK m the Ilea!', but 11 (uoii
palUs ov- r. 1 he ,\' .n^e is a l-iu!t growing i.;-jn a Tree
not unlike- our Wali.i.t-tf.rt •, u t^ lomethiDg like our
r<atlx'. .n Bignti". and Coioiu, Ixinj; ol a red and prten.
'Ihc Si.ill hkIoI'S an Almond, svli^h li ol a (■rattlul
'laiU- when roalU-d in the Aflie-. ; Thry pickle theni whilll
{4iecn, unJ. tiny arc .ii counted a p,'A>d Keninly ^gainft the
VVdriii", aiul L«H.ltncli, the wikl oiies arc rank i'oiibn,
which ki I with.^t a prclcnt Anudotc.

1 he /tiMHUi grow on a Shrub with Ixviii like a Smptr-
vi-.um, IS J iteii jt firil, U.t when rijH-, turns ti the Orange
I i,iuur. it.-. ,'iu;«.- IS like a I'.nc apple, ytlK.w w.thiii, but ihcy
aic daoi/ rous u m, d m Lx^cU, tho' ihc I'.nk- is vciy pica-
la-., r ; Ilx y arc not rn\^iiar|'r: than ago<xl Ix-mmon. The
Si.dk IS hk. a'li. ;'.: , CM.-.) ui.c bearing but one a: the

fopi It IS vrtvapt to overhear, .uid r.rali.Mi Itvrr
I he l-fuit calUil i.iman is 4II0 ol ihr Hti-mK of , r.,,
jiucy ami tart, with hia k K-rnehi. ihr Uwr, w|,ich '"'
hketo, luithimrthinHMuhanihel 'mimmtirti ijcU 1
with .Salt and .Sonar, are atrourtr.l a |•o.^l Kntlt.lv',',
Fevers and InHammaiinn*, as we d-i oor Tam,,rm,|,
whiih alio gn.w m j^rcii ri.nty here. The /.i^,,,,- i !
a white tro/.rn I ..(pior. n lotiml in ih- Kmxi ol .rrtjm
Caocs ot the Hij?nels ol a Poplar, s^uh Itrait li.,inrh.-
and leaves not unlike iholc ol th'- Olivf-tur, Imt li.n,,'
wh.it Kinder I it is hke Starch, .ind m ludi Hrrm *,Ii",
the /V///.OI. ai;d .frjhunj |.>r ihr \ irtiirs thiy .itiriiiuti- 1„
It in the- Cure nl l-r\cr> and Blixxly lluxi s, ilut they buy
It .It a very dear K.ite. Ihele Canei arc lo big, th^t tlic
hJi/im ile*ve them aliinder, and make U.Mts t,| ,!,,„,
having a Km.t . n eath Fiul. The Kle ..( y.,-vi priMuer!
all>i aaiitlici I'luit < ailed Dnrieni, not to be met wuh any
where except liric and in the A/o/wurtr, ^

The Tier calle.l HaitiH is ol theSi/:i of our Apple -trrr^ ■
t!ic BlolVoni of a jiale yellow Colour, the I/-.ivrs halt .1
loot I'jiig, and three Inchei bro.ul, nf a vciy hvely grcfri
on the Infide. 'I'he Fniit, both for its Colour, Bignds
an.l nutwanl Pivilion, relcmbles our Melons, Imt \Mtli!;i
IS divide 1 into four Partilu>ii>, whiih Ikiiij; a mih lubili
vidcd into two or three hlVer Cells, ront.nn the huit
whieh u as big .1. a pullet's l-'i',|.',, and id the iimll lufcioul
Talle in the Worl.f. It ha-s a .Stone n^up.h, and as big «
that ot a Peai h. It will not keep, anil iherrlnrc mult be
uled as loon as the outward i lulk o|)enj. One ilmm u
v<iy oblervablr, that if you lay but a tew Bectli |,',ivrs
near a whole Rixjni full ol Durion', they will all rut inmic-
iliately i and il you h.nve liirteitrd yoiiilrll ssitli the txicl-
live eatini', of this Iriit, two or three Beetle l.cavrs ,().
plied to your Brc.nlf, or one of the lame Leaves raten, will
give you I-jfe, and yon may digell th«m without any i.irt'ifr
Pangcj. A /-4«/.*r Tree, another .Spcies of Coena', has
Leaves live or tix Feet long, ami lo liiiocjtii, that the 7,1.
vjHije iile them iiilfead ol Paper, Cubds are tound no
where in the InAui, but in the Itle ot 'Java, riity grow
upon a Tree not unlike the Pep(>rr, and in Bum lies. 1 lit;
'J.tvitHffc hold tliem in I'lKh Fllrtm, that they will not
lell them unNjil'd, nor will allow lb much as one i'lam to
lie iranljxiited into other I'laees, The Mni^rjl.in [s mudi
ot thi- I'alU- ot our Sloes, and gro\ss ssild in the Hit^h-
ways ol Jiiva \ and the Herb 'liiLilh, Ik arinp; neither llnwri
nor Flint, is uled green in Saueis, its \irtiie beiiit; to tor
Illy tlic Stomach : Thr Fruit 'Juij, is ol the Bigiu-ls uf 1
Ciiru!, liaving a rougli Kind, within which are ccita;n
Nuts, the Kernels thrrrol tieing roaltnl, are .i pielcit
Remedy at',ainlf a Ixxdcnefs. It is obleivable, that iliis
I- 1 nit ottin ihaiges its Talle -, lonu times it relcmbles a
Melon, lometinKS .-» l-'each, and at other times a Iwcct
I emmon. The Nut is as big as a Pate, but is not to Ite
uled raw, l)ecaule it orcafions \'omiting and i;riping in
theduts; but nj.illed, it is lioth plealant and tJood, anil
rcckcmed a great Rcllorative.

On the Side ot the Iliand towards the Strait vf Sim.i',
you iniet with abundance of svild Cinnanioii, but it is nevrr
traittiorted into foreign Part.s. The Carm^uli are a kind
of Indian Lhr\r\c^, white, dark, red, ami ot a Carnation
( (iloiir i the Trees and Fruit ate hke thole in h.iroff.
The Ccjlus Mifui, called I'uibo hy ihr MiliiyitHj, relcm-
bles 111 every reli>ei-t, lioth in Height and Mower, the hu-
Tcptan FJiler tree, wherewith the rerfum and .■.'rj'umi
liiiVe a conlideruMr Frade, as they do ailb with t!ie CaLi-
mui .iromatiiu:. There is a ytllow and Ipungy Matter 111
its .Stalk, which ll.'iic Women m.ike ule ot to apiK-ale
Fits. The /.rrumf't^ called Can.'cr by the Maiayjns, is
like Ginger, except that it ha> loincw!i.u largi r I .caves i
It IS prcfcrved, or dried hke Gingc, but valued abuvf it.
Ot (jalanga there aie two km. Is, the IrlTrr is bn u/lit trurn
Ctina, and is preferable to that of Ja'js. 'Ihr llrb
grows wiKl, about two Feet high, witii a wince llower,
and pointed I>r.iVfi ; the 'Jfav.iKfJ.' ule Imth the Ruc/t and
I-lcrb in their SilLidsi the lirft are knutte-d like Cam",
and ol a bitinp, lallr, and ivkk) Seenf. Hfj.-.run is a
fiuiiiof a I'ree n l^iiihli-.ig a 1. emmon- tree ; v.h ill thiy .-ire
young, thr ( >u-ii IS white, but as thry gtosv olil, it chiuf'.e-^

black. I: I- by the .\Un cailcJ LcJn Ji'^y, <• '- ''"

JuiiC

t-*^', Hc)„ki. I Chap. II. ffj'ouji/jfk'grfuu/i Part of ibe EAST 'IN DIES, 787

I ar. ami r,-r,n.,„ ,.•„,,,

«'H I ' mmontrrc, ,.„ii, ,
'V '!'• '".r T,,m.„;n.,;

" irme, ,luy,,„r,|,y,,,„

'I'-'lylluvo, .lut,h,yb.,v

<^-''ui are I., hi^. .hut ,1,

[' I'c I fie ..( ya-.vi ,,r,«lu,r!
,'; "'" "» »>*• "let With any

ysu< ofourApplr-frfci
'-"lour, flif |r,vr, halt ,

T\' "♦ • •"•-y I'Vfly yrcrn

Ii-^ our M.l,„„, |„„ ^n,,,,^
^IikIi iKint^ J.. ,11, ,„,^,,
f I rlls, ronr,,iM the Ituk
. -""I "I (i,r ,„„|l luffi,,,,^
•^innr rouj'h. amla^l.iga^
'■' p, ami (dtrrlorc mult be
l^'fk (>|)cru. Oiu' rliirm „
y liut 4 tp* B<ctl(|,-avf,
""'- f''<-y^'llallrutinmic.
tal voiirlfK with (he txrcl-
or three Beetle l.caveia}'-
tlic lame 1 .raves riti.p, ,»,||
:Hl thcin witli(iiit,iny(,irt!ifr
th. r .SjH cies (jt C(.(i),i', hu
n<l lo iiuijoth, that the J,,.
per. Cii/'fh arc loimd no
llle ot yj-jtf. -piify g„,^
|«r, ami i;i Buik hcs. Ihf
■llfim, that they hiII m
)W lb much a<. one I'ljnt to
s. I lie .\:,ij^rji,,n ,5 niwh
I Kro(M wil.i i„ ,|„. High-
/<(//', l«.iim(',nri(herM(>wn
■ts, Its \irtije l,eini; t.i lor
OiJ, is of the Hij^iieh nf i
, Within whiih are a-iia:;i
H'c roaltrtt, arr a prelcM
If IS olilervaMe, that tliii
lonietirnes it relnnl)Ics a
lul at (Hhrr films a Iwcrt
IS a 1 )atr, but is not to ht
\'"init!ii^; ami i;ripii>g in
th picalant atid ^im\, anil

wanli the Strait rf Simi\
JCinnaiiioM, Init it is nevrr
The Carctifuh ire a kiiul
t reil, ami ut a Carnation
are like thole in hutopr.
1 hy i\\i' Militsiini, rclein-
-li'.ht ami Mower, the Eu.
he Vtrjlir.i ami /ira'uns
hey i!o alio with t!ic CnU-
low anJ Ipuiipy Matter in
tiiake iilf ot to ap|>ea!e
tn.'ir (jy the Auiiiiyni, is
(oiiirwliat laf(;ir I .eavis j
ge', liiit valurj above it.
the lelTrr i'i brc,u^;lit Imrn
Jt ot yuva. l lie I J-rh
h, with a white !■ lower,
/.' u(c both tlic Rix.t anJ
are kuottsxl likt C'aiie«,
xi Seent. Hfj.:riin is a
inion-trre; v,hHi thiy are
rhry j^ow oM, it lhall!',e^
J L( : .in J>j:)\ i. (■ rhe
Jt...:

Juueofy^w. Thu Ide proJucn abumlante of SanJii-
lues, whkli <re of the Bictielj ot our Walnut treen, rhcir
liuit rclcinbling our Black Uiertiev hut is inliiHcl j but
(he white ami yellow S.uulal, wlmh «ri- iiiuih ptelerred Ih!-
lo-e the nil, Rmw m the lllei of 7/w#r, ^nil AWsri of
tins the Indtam make a Deioibon wherewith they tub
,i|,.ii Hoiliis lookiiif? ii|x,t) It as a \\xc.\\ Itrllurative. Cim-
(r.ir they have alio in almmlami hin,-, wlmh they tat, ej.
til r i;ri;ei', or pnleiveJ. I.ui never ilrieJ. Aii.iunlium i*
i.livl by the 'Javanfje as an ap|iiov<il Koinedy at^ainlt t!ic
/\lll,iiu ami Worms ; they IhjiI it in Milk, or jmklc it
lil.e Olives, l lie WimkI .alleil I'ali lie Cudra by the
I'yiiugufT/, ol a \>A- yell.jw Colour, ■.^ ulei! by ilu- //,,/,.
, :, ,11 Wiiic an.l Wai.r, anaiiill l-ivtij ami Stiin:n of
.S.rp''iit».

I liat liy the iMJiani rallril Calamba, and liy iii I.iirnutn
AliKS, niowt liot only in y,nj, but alio in Mahu'ii, Hu-
mutrii, Cambr i, anJ other i'lates. It is not unlike to,
but Ibriewliat lnui^er thin an Olive-tree, anil whilll ^nv,
h.is no Stent i but as loon as ii ihies, u% .Stent is |x rtr iveil.
It, t'l^.tKlndi h ki'own b/ iff Weight an 1 Colour, whidi
niiill be brown, from whence illu s an Oil, il hiKI to the
I'lir ; the wikl Calan.ba is ulal tliully in buncrals lor the
|ii;ininKot the ileail Corps (if the /ti/zJi I'riellsand I'rn.ces.
.Abundance o! l,aci]U!" i. !okl at Uiinhim ; but the (hoicill
loiiies Ironi /'<>;«. 'i here certain winKCil At ;s luck the
liuni of the l rets, winch they att rward* tail upon the
Boupjis as the Heis i!o the i loney aini Wax ■, thelt are cut
tt!", and lit in the Su'i to ilry nil the i acque lalb, oil, ly
which they pive what Colour i hey pli ale, am; is uleel m.Val-
inn-wax, andLacqui.-W inks ol Chinaai.djap.m. 'I'hi. oU.cr
Drup ot 7..t'.( are I'oily, winch tluy ule a^amll \\ mds
and Kheunis. Mors, a Koot they dye then (.aliujcs with.
I .miuapi i4 another Ro-/t with which they rub then Bodies.
S.inijurantam is another Koot llrunger th.ni (•ini'^er, but
bitter. Pantibn is areoiinttd a lovcMc.n Kemedy againll
I'cverj, and upon that Score IIjIiI at a dear late. lioto-
(.'amlxT is a fruit nl' inblnif^ Olives, [u^A againll the
'1 ooth ach. (i.inti is aho{j;ether like (jinj',tr, but much
dearer •, they ule it to rub their Bodu s with. Safani is the
Name they Rive Mullard-leid. l)ornu;i i', i^ivm to the
Clnldien as loon as they are boin. 'I'lie UiKit Ciallam, (^row-
11. i; in watery I'lacis, is a p.reat Cooler. 1 he b'niit I'lanco
:> taken at all 'I'lims wluiuver they liml thtmlllves imlif-
pofcd. Maidian, Maya, and Corollani, are uled m their
Liquors, as hasinf^ an intoxicating Qiiality. Spodium is
tlie Allies ot a Tree, wherewith they rub their Bodies.
riiey do the fame hkewilc with the Mower called Saiy, and
the Knots (»l Tat(.',ary, Suralian, antl Scdoway.i, are appio-
(Miaud to the fame Id'e. Sambaya is a I'uiit ot the Bii^neli
vt an ,\iurn, winch being accounted a moll lovcrei^n R».
ni;dyacAinllFoilon, ami efpecially that ol venomous Bealls,
L liiLl .It a very hi|',h I'rice. Jalava is ol the fame Ule as
.SamUiya. The I lerb l'arav.cs is cooling, but Uarce and
dear, lomonpiite is a Koot uled a;;ainll the Inllanimatior.s
ot tlie Splerri. I'he Comluri are poilijiious Beiric^, but arc
i.led to weigh (iold and Silver.

i'he Javancji being exalperateil by the ill Ulagc they
o;ten received from the I'crtu^utze, would not lor a long
time permit any .Strangers to h.ivc any .Settlements there,
till at l.ill the Hoiks <it (iain tng.iged the Kings of Ban-
turn and y./f(J/;j to let the li>i^!ijh and Jji<hi> let up tlieir
I-'.iCldries there under certain Conditions i which king init
ill oblerved by the In.,i.!iij, the Duu/j took this Op|x<riuiiity
of Icirtifying their Setilements at Jacatra, ami that with lo
much lixpciiition, that the Indians, linding thenilclvis not
in a t'om'.ition to tone them thence, engaged with the
En^hjh to allill them in tlie b.xpullion of tliele bold Stran-
gers. In the till) Sea I'.ngagemeiit, 'Janinry the 2d, 1O19,
near lianl.im, the Dt^::!- h.ul llie woill-, upon which the
King of y^iiairii, in Conjiiaaion witli the Eni^l'jh, beliegtd
and aiiaeked their Forts tjr li.x Moiuhs, till the Dutih Meet
being reinforced, obliged the l.r(.':jh to quit both the b'ort
mid tlu. .'^lu•lghts ot .s«;;..',i, ar.d landing their Men, took
the City of jaaiini by .Storm, an.i put all to the Sword ;
1 lie IK a; thinr, tliey h.ui to dj was to coinplcat their For-
iiiicaiioiiii, wliieh tluy dul fo eireC'.ually, that m a litilc
1 i:iK' tliey made tliein very regular, with four Ballions of

Fre. Itoiic well intrniclied and nallifadoeil, and .i.lcmlfti
by 4 iironortiona;jlc Numkr of I (aif-mooni, Rcdoubt.s, tfr.

I he Kina of M^irjm laid Sie(;e to it twice fince, vi*.
"V "!!"*.'»"" '^'"). but wan forced to roili: it u often \ (ince
which I imc the Duub remain in thr qutet Folleirioii of
their 1 ralFick here with the Cbiit'ft, JapMtft, aiul S,a-
mrft, and other nei^hlwuring Nationn, and receiv- Vrnptr
Cf'ii. Curtom upon alK .nnnodities imjjortedorcviwrted,
earh Stranger mliabiting .n the City of B^iavia licing
oIMiged to pay a certain Monthly 'lax proiwtionable lo
what Frohti they make, win. h is very great, and confe-
qm ntly the Tax not in the leall burtltcniome » for a Farter,
who peihaps «ets two Rials a Day, ilues not pay above one
and a halt in die Month. The City of Hatni.i being for
its convenient Situation in a Bay, winch is Ihcltered by
many lllands from the Violence of the Winds, one of the
bell Roads m all the InJut, and the chief Flace of Com-
merce belonging to the Until in thole I'arts.

To the North Well from y,j.'.;, betwixt tiiat and t!ie
Me (,f fi':r»(o, lies the Illand of MaJuni, liibjea to its 6wn
Frinre, whole Rclldence is in the City of Atajj'abasui ; as
by reafon of us Barrennels, it is a Fl.ue of no Trade, tluy
live upon I'lracy, elpccially u[)on the Coalt of Pegu. T'he
Me ot lialy lying to the F-»ll ot "Java, has not above twelve
Leagues in Ciiciiit •, but to the South jets out a Ca|je a
great way into the Sea. The King relides in the City,
bearing the lame Name with the Idc \ the Inhabitant!, are
I'.igfw, and fo fiiperllitious, that they worftiip the lirll
thing they meet with in the Morning v they are very black,
with curled Hair, but wear no Beards, any more than the
lell of the ll'-aiiders in tholi; Farts, ami wear the fame Gar-
ments •, for tie.ir Women, who have an Averfion to Bc.irds
oblige thein to pull init the Hair by the Roots. They have
each fever.il Wives, whence this Ide is lb populous, that
above fix hundred thoufami living Souls are accounted within
its Compafs, though abundance of Slaves arc fold from
thence every Year.

They live for the mod parf upon I lu/bandry and Weav-
ing, Ucaut'e they abound both in Cotton ami Rice, 'but
allow none to be tranfported 1 they are allblufficicntlypro.
vided with 0.xen, Buli'iloes, (joats and Hogs, and fome
Holies, but very fmall ones. T'hey have whole Forcfts of
Oranges, Lenio.s, and Citron T'rces, which furnifh them
with vail Scon s of Fheafants, Fartridgcs, Peacocks and
T'urtles, as their Marihes do with Ducks, and other wild
Fowl. It proiluees no other Spice but Ginger i but they
have livcral other Drugs, and a certain Fruit growing in a
Shell like a Chefnut, white, and of a delicious Tafte •, and
is befides this an approved Remedy againft the Scurvy.
All along the Coalt the Seas furnilli them with inciediblc
Fienty ot Fifli, whieh, next to Rice, is their main Subfift-
ance. They have but little Commerce with Strangers,
except that they (Lnil now and then Ibme of their Calicoes
in fmall Vellels to the Me of ynui. In this Road mod
Ships bound lor the Moluccas take in frclh Water and Fro-
vilions, which are to be bought here at a very low rate.
They have lion, Copper, and Gold Mines •, but the lad arc
not broke up or wrought, tor fear the Fame of their Riches
lliould liraw tinii-.er lome Foreign Nation or other that would
without Ciiiellion reap the Fruits of their Labour. Their
King, whole Title is i^Hlor, i. c. High-Conilable, is in great
V'e.ieration among Ins Subjects, and governs his Domini-
ons by certain Go\ci:iors appointed for each Frovince.
They perlilt very obllinately in Faganifm, as alio in that
dialx)lical Cullom of W^omen burning themlelvcs with their
Fiulbands.

The llle of Bcrneo lies f-rthcr North than ycira, one of
the largeft in thofe Seas, extending fix Degrees to the North,
though its grcateft Fart lies on this Side of the Fquinoftial
I..in(;. Some make it four hundred Leagues in Compafs j
but the Dutch with more probability airign it no more than
two liundred and fifty Leagues in Circumference; its chief
Places are Borneo, SucciJava, Lnuoii, Sambas, and Bang-
hemijjin. T'lie City of Borneo is like Venice, built upon
divers fmall Mands, intcrlii^ted with Channels, there being
no Fafflige there but by Boats, according to the Account
the Dutclj have given of it ; it contains about two thoufand
Houlls. T'bii Ilk produces the beft Camphire, as alio

Gold,

% :

P' I

7S.S 7'bc ruya^ts and Ohfirvaitoui of j. .\. dc

Marul."^

\\A.

Ikx.k I.

IS. ;.

'%^

(JuM, an.! H(/c.ir, uhiih Store l>rir>!s in the M.iw of a
Sh'-i-\orC;(.at,\Mt'-.mthc h\Manifot wimli i.ali'o loiiiul .»
'rnlniHirils. It IS fmooth, iniliningtoa |;rccnifli I oldiir, ns
(i.rnlniiV Ninp; t" l)c trirti liy its \NVi|Vu. In tht- 1 ountty
()! /'j», mar \),ilau>:^ is a icrt liii liiKi'itii m ' ili,-j i ry Stoiu-
loiirKl in the liail of iiriain I loi^s, ot a n-ilihlh t'uloiir, ami
bittailh TalJ •, which In ing ilcrpal only in loid Warn,
atTorc!"! a ni(d cflVcmal Ktnu'dy ai;ainll all IVufnii, anil m-
IVdiiHK nilkmp,:<-, 1 In- lOpDt iiornco \\K\\\\\\is j\V\ i>ia-
nior.i's Saj-anwtKHl, ufttl by the Pyrrs, Hraiil-WiKH),
Wax, IVpjvr, liar.kinrrntc', Mallirk, and I'lvrrs oth;r
iJiini*. '1 lie Mo is run ilclhttitc ot ^;<><kI I larlv.urs amn;ig
ishuli that ot R yn:oy at the MduiIi ot a V( ry ^(mkI kivrr,
is the iar[;ttt and nmll coinnioilidin Tiinr Cities are not
very populous, and tluir wiKxien Ht.iiles lo Hi^'itly built,
that they remove tlieni at I'lealiire. Tliey are aiounted
very ingenious hit will rather livr by Piracy than lndiil>iy,
ii:ito which thrv are I'o much addicted, th.it tlieir \'en(Is
arc teen upon th'- C <Mtl ot >Vf« lour hundird I .<M^;ue«
jlit-nce. J hey ule Swcrds, Kuckier, I .ar'( es. Dart-, and
Pikes. I'ht Kini; and mc!l ot tlu" Inhabitants near t!ie
Sca-I'ide are Mcl-.^nmc.utnj ; but derjxr in the Mand they
are P.i^.ik.'. IhiV aie black, ami w< II let, weai Calicoc
wrappid atx.iut their lyoins, like muft of the other iHtnans,
and Turlv.ns on their Hi ads.

I ;. Tile I;l< of CfUh) lies lietwixt that of Bomto and
A/t.Wcdj, under the Kquino^tial lane .A.Vffo/jr would
have it to Iv one of th< I'c Iflands called ^wdt) l>y i'lcl'my.
Its capita! Citv is called Afjc/ifar, wlm h lies in the inoit
Sr'inhern Part of the wliole Itle, •',' 17 l-ieyond t!ie Line.
The Inliabitanrs are l"o imiuftrious, that they k-avr not an
Incli of Gri. und untranurtxi, ami low with Rice what they
ftansi not in need ot tor their Cattle and Cixoa-t'ces. It is
not lore fince they embracetl Mchammi-diim. Thr/
n-.uch rektnble the Sitm.'j? anil thofe ot Prgu, i l|>tcially in
their laces, and arc of a comely Stature. Tiie Winicn
tirds the:r I leads hkc thole ot Makiu, ami m the Street
have t!;eir Breaiis <i[^n, ami Breeches rcachm;; down to
their Knew. The North-weft \Vind<, whi< h l^low liere
from AV.rwA.T to Marih, nuke the Shore very unlalo
durirg i!ut Time, ami the continual Rains cvrrihiw the
flatCour.t:y, whu h is the Reafon that moll ol tlieir I lnul'cs
are bu:!t ujxjn Piles, nine or ten Foot alvjve tin Cirouml.
Ihrre are ;»o Kin[;s more, vtz. one ol 'fr.'^o, and the
ctl.rr it BiHUrj^ci. 1:1 thi.s lllai.d.

Tile I'.lr ol (it'.i'.o, by the I'cfuxurzr callcti Rjto Ctina
dt Mir-, proJuees I'ltnty ot Rice, and Sat^u, lortoitcs,
drc. I he It. habitants are very well limbtd, but Iwirbarous,
and not manv Years at^o wiir Ca-ibaU. The lllaml <if
jfm! fyfiJ is tii n''ar tlie MrluiCits, that lonie have atcounti-d
it ainnnt^thcr Nuir.l^r; its Circuit is twenty tour I (ai'.ur--.
Tlir (hi<f City ills t'l the Nc.nh-sveil <ii 1; .< \t'y lair Hav
of fix Ixa(^:'<, whrrr- tlurr is late Ani hi.i.i(>c, an<l ^•tv*\
Shfhrr tor Siups 3gi:n(\ tin- Wind ; tiu- Bay enters lo deep
into the Country, a:-d thr "va on tlie oppillrr Side tuts (o
j'eep Within the lar.d, that the IfV is vriy near divided
into iv.v, tlvre be;:-;» only a liriall 'ttlimus ol a Inindrid
and twei ty I athom iifr, t'V «hi(h it n loined topr-
thrr. Tiie iefiirr P..;: of th- Ide wiietrin it the Callle .it
.■fmhnns, rontaii's alxnit a hundred xmS twenty rmai!
Tc'Wns, and the greater birt tour i owns, and alHKJt levcn
\'illat;r5. J'he iVlnlntants were hcretofurr SaTa,^c^ and
Ciniljais, and app! < >'. themlrlrcs to tut kind of Af^riculture,
■whith made thi- Coiiiitry appar i \K ilderneb 1 Ixit of late
Yean tluy ):ive app'-ed ffierrtrlve- to rultivatinj; tiie
Cjfouru!, wi.icli 1".::^: vciy I !'.!., pnHiutf. great Plenty of
<.>ranj''-', Ixnimon-, Cctt;.>',Baraiu», Siif^ai C/net, (xfidts
Cloven. Tfiry ciintiinie It ill to in it^ntwanf P(oj>lr. th-
only Skiii th'-y (hew t-,eirp, In I'lr M.-nagetiirnt ot a Dirt,
with fo n.wM D.x.ri.rj-, tit at fixty Pa-e* Dillance ttiey
Will htt a Cr'wi ji^-cc. i hry ari t.itTk'd !i)r if. -ir (.akf.
made ol Rice, Aimon.'s and .mmmi, wti.ch the Inl: il^tai^is
«)t the a'ij.icent li'anO» tik- :. uintt ilie Bicxiy-llux •, tor thcii
Rue Biea.i, ma.li- in ti.e Shajje ol our S<;'at l.oaVi-v \ and
tor ihcir linall 'lalt.i.!, wlmii in bwdttds excei ; any in
l::irof>e.

It w:.% fni^ difovrred by th-- Pntw'iuzi in lii'- Yea,-
I -ir , hit the Duifb hiv,i>'> atif-rwarili a!lu ^u.^t I ■>>tiiij.;
there, (!,<■ t .<:.^:t:z. L- .;• ;-.U.'!vtiJ t') Ij.od then C>j;ii-

merce, lit ujion live /J.7.v/> Wli: is i,, t'R- I\,rt of j],,^<
but I'. 11::', U-, u'.U'd witi) I.ols, irvfiip.al thiir Dllgracc'ir.,',!
the .,iiili)\Pii,in , who w; k lulpietid to lavuur the Duub'.!
thofe Parts. Stff-btn I trhij^en, two Years .nttir -.,, !!'
the 1 1 ll of Fc'"uiiry 1 !.o j, landed a eettain Niiinbcr'ij! h' '
tlieis ne.ir ,im.'>rynit, in oidtTtoattai '< the I alilt 1 I ut viy i[
he svas laiu'in;; Ins .Aitillery, the /'t^.'.Vl;f/(^.'(;^,Vl•r^.u^ ',',■
darinj', to Hand tiie .'iiuH-!s, luru-ndeiri! tne Place witli'ju' !
Cannon It-inj; ll-.c.t, thou;-,h ilieCiarrii'v.n .-onliiiai otlixli',,;'
liied NTn. Before .\!':b.immrii'j''n was introdiicm in t' .
Iiles ol Jitvii, /lmh:,y>ui, and tlv Mciuaau by tlie l\rf;.;n,
ami Aratuim tradinj^ liither, they wiie all yV^M.i.r, i,,,',,,!
ot them (■■mtinue lo iliil ; otlw rs, tliouj^h cii( unicil'jj
yet p<rl«vv .'■ ni tiu'ir r.i:,in Su|xriiitii)ns.

Notliii.i; IS niofv' I'reijurnt lieie tlian to wnrdii-i t!;e I)
vil, tiu)Ui;h they are nt.t alile to tell you wiiat lie is. l|ny
alfirm him to U- an Aereal Demon i whence they givr lilm
the Name ot Lamihf, i.e. Air, yet inakt; \vn\ lulioniipat'
to .liuiilicr calliil I iiiiiiii, a', wcii as to liim they call Thk.
t.n, who IS a D(p,r<e lowir than l.antbi!i. They nnv
them one p/neiai Nan-.i-, r/z. '/.■/!?, i.e. I'.vil .S;,!Mri, ami j,,.,.
that tluy apjvar to tin in in luiman Shaix-, v. i.cn tiirv arj 1 1
proilucc tlieir Oiails. .md itvcai unknt-wn things tti tlie:v
To do this twenty or tiiiity 01' tliem airemble, .uul by lii
I kip ot a I'niall Dtumiall.d i:f.i, (-mv: \Vax-Cn;nlk.':, an i
certain Lonjiiruiions, as alii) a Sai rilitooi M;-at am! lj;in.',
make them appear lxt..r' them. As they a:r ot op::!!',;),
that what lit Iwtall.s them com;s in ni the Dcvil, ituy a-.
very careful not to neglect his Worlhip ; tor wh;di i'j;.
|M)fcsthey have Waxcan.liis li[!;hted in tluir Houft ,\v;; ;;
tluy racrniie Me.u and Drink to tlufc phantaft,' k 1a.:ii-

1 lieir t irci/iiii ilion is alio diftirent Itorii t.'Mt ci : .■
Jr-Li or MoitimmaUni ■, tor inlle.id ot cutti.it; ofi the I'r
puci-, they (,nly Hit 11, and 'hat not till lliey are twihv - :
tliirtccii Yiarsof Age. Tluir Mairiajjis arc Ixin nu-i-r,
and as loon iiiflblvit,i 1 tor every thing iKing a^',rttcl upj-,,
they lile tio tartiier Cetinionies, cxicpt tiiat tlie B:i,!i-
!',roomS lather ^lvcs a I i.ali I'rclei.t to thr Bikie, m h j
of wluih I'.ci latlier makes the Weddin.; le.ili, ulur.
they have tlieir Mufu k and Dancing. It a Witt i;.iv. ,1
niirii tij part from her Ho!i .ir.c!, Ilic lias no nwie to (io
than to lellorc the Prellnt; wlueli lioiie, Ihe |X)urs Wat.r
on her Uiitliir.d's leer, 10 intim.if, tliat tiierel'v th.y a;^
Ik)i!i cie.n.t 1 Irom all Impurities they have eontr.ictei! ili,
rin^; their MiriMr^e, wlmh h th' rel.y dillolved, an.l eit.Ur
Party at Idxr!/ to jMuVidetlumlelvt s another Siniufc as l(,-ji
as they pieall-. When they are to take a liikiiin ().it,i.
Water is put into a Difh, into whitli liaving call (i(i;j,
larth, and a I .eaden Bullet, they dip into it the F.xtr.-
mity of a Mulket Baiiel, tiu Point of a ILilher', SworJ,
Knile, nr Icir.e (>iher Weapon, and To t;ive tlie Ilifli w;;'>
Water unto him who is to t.ike the C)aths to put him 1 1
mind, tlut all wliat lias !>een ( all, or ilipped inti) the \N it :,
will Iv inlirumental to his Deilruclion, if he tur'\scar hiii
Iclt. 1 tiey have among liuni a certain dang, wlioiniiir
jiret^rice ol \\ iteiu raft, lio Miletnel ;o thru Nei^iio* ■-.:•■,
I iiher by I'oilun, or other .Nbans ; ih;y ate (alKii /.■.-.x'^^: ;
l)ur whenever they are ti.und cut, they ate \\.-u lo \v..-i
with very ffVere Puniliiment.

I'hr Natives ni Ami'oyna are naturally fliipi!, timer. '.;s
and void ot I 'nd( rllandint? 1 tiiey tommoiily tiury t:i;ir
Richej tor fear of txing rolilxrd ; and liiJi is tluir ijie.ii I •
city, that they are rot to Ik- hrouoht upto any IVa ie. Ti.ry
arc lo tar troin any Kiovslrdfi;i-, mat thty have not lo rri- ii
af any Characters among them. Ail thty apply t.'eti I'lvrs
to is Kilhinp, and cultivating tl-.i-ir (.lardeiis, uj^n tin 1 1 m
of winch they live very milera! ly, tltoiigh it h oiij'eiv.ill
tiiat they aie i-'^-nerally tlronp, ami w<II p!(»p.<iri.i.Me'.'. 1 iic
Dui.i have t.rtt i-orti in thii Ille, v:z. the but Ciinl'f.'.J,
Of i'litortii, an! thoie ot li/un and Ijiuro.

Tlie Meet /y.imiit, wKulii tliree L(.i;;ues iti 1.' r':'t;.,
anil one in Breadtli, lies twenty loiii I .(agues liur. .hnt'^'i..,
extcniliiig trom North to Soiitli. It lus lonu kw I ')^^ '.
the chiet ol wlmh is AVr<i. 1 lit liilialiitar.ts .n vrv /.ta-
lous i\t h'trutdlam \ as thi y are always at Wai \v:!i. I'lne
ot tlieir N> .ghUnirs, lo th.y keip a lonll int (fuar.! ak.i';'.
their Coulls. riieir Arms are a (ymiiir ani Aoixlen
Bulkier, biur I-'oot long, m tlie luan.igmn ol «liiihi.'iev
are vciy expe:t, ai L.iu^ ti.umj up to it 1:1 i^>:-'- I'Ij i' *

•^ilA,;^',

I'ook I.

Chap. II. through thegreateft Part 0/ /^^ E A S T - 1 N D I E S. 789

s mtlic Port of Am.if.

vn)-',al their Dilgracf uwm

:ti,l t(. t.ivoLir thc/Wii,i
tw" Yinrs nttiT, VIZ. ,;,',
..iiTit,ii;i N\i:nbcrot.S''.

tt.i.';i!,ct aill(ili,twhii,t
/'i,r.'.vi;;/(Z'Ciuvcrnur, i,.,;

rud-iu! I lie J>l,ici. withou; \

arrilwii ■■|)iiliilalott'ixl|,,;i.

;'■■) '.v.is itiUin'iKco in t:,.-

■ MciUua!, ly die /V;/;,',

,17 wiic all Vjpm, lunu;

lias iluiu[^li cinunicilfj,

xrlhtions

r tin;; to v.'orHiip tlsc D.-

till you wliat lit is. riuy
■o-ii wIk'iho thf y give hl;:i

>•( t make Iriii li!;)()ri:in.if

veil as to him thfy cnll T,:,-,.
■uin Lanlhil.i. 'Jhcy <^si
i.e. I'.vi! Sj-irits, ami Uy

M\ Shape, v.l-.cn tiiry arj I ,

il ii:',I;tu.\v:5 t;.;iii;b to tin-:;;.

iftn a'lVinbIc, aiul l.y t;.
, Hiiif \Vax-C.i!nll(.':, anl

!• rilu;o ot Nk-at ami iJiini ,
As they are ot opinion,
«. In ni tiie Ik-vil, tticy a:-

NVorlliip 1 tor wiiiJi 1'^.
httnl in tlitir Hoiili;-, whu;
) tiuli- 1 hantaft.i V Bcmi.'.,
iirtirciU ttiifii f.'wt oi \\\:
.L-ail ut tiitti.ig ofi'thc I'fi
: lint till tlicy an- twclvt- , r

Mairiaj;cs art lx)ii nu.:T,
y thing lKinga[',n.xcl u;'j ,
I'., t xit pt that ti;c 11:1, 'c-

ri-lri.t to th;- Blkii.-, Ill iirj
ic Wciliiin; Itart, wlur-.
incing. It a Wile iuv; ,i
;.cl, (lie ha-i no moii- to c!i)
iicli ilonc, Ihc [Hiiirs Wa; r
ni.it'', that tlicrchy tluyai;
,■■. they have aiiitractcc! ili.
h<Tcl)y ilillolvci', aiv.l cit;::r
c-lv( s ar.otlicr SihhiII' as li/u i
irc to taki- a lolcain O.it i,
) whn.li liaviiiji; rail («•',: ^
thiy ilip into It thf I-'x;r>
I'uirit ot a H.ilhtT', .Swur,!,

ani! I() give llic lliHi «::!>
c the Oaths, to jHit him 1 1
i, or ilij-.ppj into the \V .i! :,
■uclion, it" he lorfvvrar luii-
a tt-rtain CJan^, who ',:-^-r
Il hifl :'• tliri: Nruh.). :.: ,
is ■, ihcy atf lallul /::-,.t;-; ;
out, ihey are luu- to w.v.i

natural'/ flu|i I, tinior.;:s
tii-.y lonin-'.o'ily liury t-.;.r
1 •, aP'.l I'.kI; r. thiir bir.i! '•
i;htu!to any I'ra if . Tiiry

tnat'tlity havrnot in if: ii
Ail thi'y apply 111' :il-.!vr^
irirliarilrns, u(x;n tin 1 r;:it
I ly, though It isoblav.ifl
,i>(l w( I! pHipiriMi-''^'-'. 1 i'f
ill., v;z. the holt '".;«.'•:.-,
I anil Imuto.

I thrn- Lca;j;u« m l-rrntii.
uui 1 ^ agues liJir. ./w.'':i«".
1. It lia-. limu li.i'. low. ■,
he liihahitai.i. .i' v-rv ;.u-
r a:way^ .it Wa: w.!.. \mw
.K ji a lOiilLii't (tiiar.l alMri.i
I a Lyinitir «i'
1.J up t.j :t 111 [!.'.■: 1 ■!■"' •

They make ufe alfo fomrtimes of Fire-arms, but what they
put their chief Truft in is the Lince, being eight or ten
I'oi.t long, which they cad with fuch Dexter!./ and Strength,
that they will run a Man through with it : Of thefc they
i.immonly have two, which, after they liave caft, they be-
like themfelves to their Swords. They make ufe of a kind
(it light Gallics, having on each Side, juft above the Sur-
laie of the Water, two Seat,s like Wings, where the Slaves
aie let to row. There are two allotted for each Scat every
one w ith his Oar, which being made like a hollow wootien
Shovel, they thruft it as far as they can into the Sea, and in
drawing it back, turn it about their Heads with fuch a Slight
and Swiftncfs, that there are but few Ships that can over-
take thcin with all the Sail they can make.

The Natives of Banda live very often to one hundred
and twenty Years of Age. When they inter their Corps
they arc carried by twelve Pcrlims upon a Bier or Coffin,
covered with Calicoe, the Men tirll, and the Women fol-
lowing it i after it is luiricd, they return to the Houfc of .
the dcceafed, where thy feall together, order Incencc to
be burnt over the Cir.vve for twenty-four Hours, and fet up
a burning Lamp at Night in a Hut made for that Purpofe.
The Men lead a very idle Life, leaving all Bufinefs to the
Management of the Wouun, who arc employed in break-
i:-,g the Nutmeg-fhclls, and drying the Nut and Mace,
tlie chief Thing they rrly on for their Maintenance. As
far as ever I could learn, the moil ( xcellent Spice grows
ro where but in the llle of Bania^ and the fix following
a.iiaceiit Iflands, which make up the Archipelago called
yjj'.vi.j, by the Inhabitants, r/2. Gunaxi, Ptrti, and Lan-
ier, ( which is the bell Road for VelTels) Puloway, Pulaim,
.-.; il Ihi^fwgin.

It '.sncxi toaParadoxtoliclievethat thefc fix fmall Illands
(liould be able to proiiiKC Inch prodigiou; Qiiantities of
Nutmegs as are fuiTicient tor the wlu)!e World, unlcfs it be
confidered, that btfides a lew Durions, Bananas, Oranges,
and Cocoa-trees, the Iiluuls arc covered all over with them
like one continued Fi red, the Trees of which are loaded
with Flowers and Fruits, which ii gathered three times a
Year, viz. in April, .lugiiji, and Ddeml/ir •, but the bed
is gathered in .•///■;/. The Tree itfclf refemblcs our Peach-
tree, the l.iavcs whertof arc loinewliat lefs and round.
The Fruit is eiiclofed svitliin .i I lulk as thick as that of our
Wallnuts, whiih, being ojniied, you fee a Leal very thin
upon a hard Shell, which nuv be dilcovered through it.
This Leaf i> the Flower ol S'utmeg or Mace •, and to
(ome to the Fiuit, you mull birak the Shell. Wliile the
Nut is green, the Flower is ot a Carnation Colour, which,
after it is parted from the Shell, tunis to an Orange Co-
lour. It m.tkes a moll excellent Prefervc, ii done with
Salt and Sugar. The inhabitants make a good llomatick
Ointment of Nutmegs or Mace, powdered and mixed
widi the Oil of Rolci. Tiie Inl.abitants don't amount to
»l)ovc 1 2O0O in all, amongll them not alx)ve 500 fu to
hfit Arms •, yet are tl«-y fo mutinous and Ibibborn, that
bridle them the Duiiii have two Forts here, called Naf

to I

fu-4 and Ii^i\ica, where Velllls may author at nine or ten
1 aihom \V."iter within Mulket iliot, and that without the
kali Danger.

The Kh'tuciis, projxriy fo called, are no more than
fi\( 111 Number, f .-. the Mes ui' 'Ih-naU, -ItJer, Ma-
li,:, Miduim, and PuiUiim, known to the anticiit Pagans
Ly ti.e Names ut Cape, Ihiuj, Montii, Muai, and i'a-
que, and fituaitd ali tvgetlur within the Space ot 25
Ixagucs. 'I'he Suii-beains aie lo penetrating here that
they render the Farth asiliy as a I'uuucc Hone, wluch not
lueb ill all the Rains that tail, but alio fwallows the

, Torrtnis near dun .Souuts 1 but as they are notable
to ptneti ite throut'.li tlie ihuk ForelU, lo the Ground here
wovliices lioth Freoaiid 1 krbs •, whence it is that thofc
LanJs are futHiiently lK)i\l with Bananas, Cocoas, Le-^
mons Orange', Saiu'iil, ai.d CalLiinba, Ix-fidcs Spices of
all foits i tnit they juoduce m ithir Rice, nor any other fort
ol CJiain i the Ude. t ut wl-.ah is lupplied by the Tree,
calk-d by the Nativek l.aiiJ.:>i, and .SVi;«aro by the Por-
m.'it.z,:, the Pith ot wliicli Ian ilbrs them with a kind of
Niral for Bread, as the I lavis, when tome to their lull
(.luwih, fctvc (hem lor the Coveiingol their I loules,
a . ; , l>;'<',>ei Vtiiii 11. K.dters, as llic lella make coud

N u M .

ouiy
veiy

Cordage : Wliile thefc Leaves arc young, they arc co-
vered with a kind ot wooly Subftancc, which affords Ma-
terials for Stuffs. They are not unlike the Cocoa-leaves,
the Tree which bears them being commonly twenty Foot
high, and the I'runk a Fathom in Compai's ^ but being
tompofed only Of the Bark and Pith, is eafdy cut down,
the firft npt exceeding one Inch in Thicknefs. The Pith
is very white, and may be eaten without any farther Pre-
paration, after the Strings of the Wood, which arc mixed
with it, are removed ; Kit if they intend to make Meal
of it, they beat the Pith to Powder, put it in a Sieve, made
of the Bark of the fame Tree, over a Tub, made of its
Lcives, and by pouring a fufficient Quantity of Water
upon it, feparate the Strings from the mealy Part, 'which
fettles to the Bottom ot the Tub, and being feparated from
the Water and dried, affords the Meal they call Sagu.
This they bake in certain Moulds of Earth, made red-hot,
with incredible Difpatch. This Tree, which grows alfo
in /fmioyna and fome other Places, affords alfo a certain
Liquor called Thorack, which taftes like Wine.

The Idanders, though not deftitute of Cattle, yet live,
for the moft part, upon FilTi. They have no Gold, Silver,
or any other Mines, being furnifhcd with Iron from the
Illand of Amboyna. They are generally black, though
the Women not fo black as the Men, with black (hining
Hair, large Eyes and Eyebrows, and ftrong Limbs. They
foon become grey, yet live to a great Age -, arc adive ra-
ther than laborious, and very fociable in Converfation, but
fomewhat inclining to Boldncfs and Infolence, and in their
Dealings crafty and deceitful : The Men wear generally
T"urbans, like the lurks, covered with Plumes. The
King is diftinguithed from his Subjedts by a kind of Mitre,
clad in Drawers only of blue, red, green, or yellow Sat-
tin. Some of thefe Illanders make ufe of a tlofe-bodied
Coat, faflenctl round the Shoulders, and cut below like
the military Garment of the ancient Romans. The Wo-
men wear no Head-drcfles, but lay their Hair fmooth over
their Heads, which they tie behind, and cover it with
Plumes, or Flowers. Their Garments are of China Silk ;
but their chief Ornaments are their Bracelets, Rings, and
Necklaces of Pearls, Diamonils, Rubies, and Emeralds.
The Chintfe were the firft that made themfelves Marters of
thofe Iflantls, and after, the Perfians and Arabians^ who
introduced Mohammcdijm here. Their ancient Cuftoms
are their only Law : They allow Poligamy, yet don't pu-
nilh Adultery ; but ftealing is a capital Crime.

At Break of Day certain Peifons who are appointed for
that Purpcle, beat the Drum about the Streets to excite the
People to the Performance of their matrimonial Duty.
They ufe generally the Malayan Language, though every
one of thefe Illands has its peculiar Tongue, which Ihewa
them to be defcended from divers Nations. The Ifle of
Ternale, the biggcft of the Moluccas, is fituated in 48"
2S Leagues from tlic Ide ot Bamla. Its Compafs is
about eight Leagues. It affonls but little Provifions, ex-
cept Goats and fome Poultry ; but the Almonds here
.ire moft excellent, the Shell being fj hard that the Smiths,
ufe them inrtead of Coal. It produces alfo fome To-
bacco, but much inferior in Goodnels to that brought
from the ff^eji- Indies. The Town of Gamma Lamiua,
the Capital of the whole Illand, confifts only of one Street,
2500 Paces long, built along the Sea-fide, the Houfes be-
ing all of Cane or Timber ; the Road is not fit for An-
chorage, the Bottom being all rocky, which makes the
Dutch Veffcls always lie at Anchor near the \'illage ot
Ttllingamma, within two Miles of Malay, betwixt the
Illands of Ternate and Tider.

But the chief Produft of thefe Ifiands is the ' iove, called
Clovas by the modern Spaniards, by real'on o! its Refem-
blance to an ordinary Nail. The Tree that bca.s it is by
thofe of the Moluccas called Sigar, the Leaf Vacaqua,
and the Fruit itfelf Chamque. The Tree refemblcs the
L-iurcl, its Leaves being however fomewhat narrower,
like thofe of the Almond-trees, Ihooting forth its Branches
at the Top, not ui.like the Mirtle. The Fruit is white at
;irft, grows green by degrees, and brown when it conits
to Maturity, but does m)t turn black till it be dried in the
wJiieh is done in two or three Days. I'he Tree
naturally without planting or cultivalinij, bears

Sun,
grows

■!:'■ ' :l

I :

'i'lr %

f.! t

J .

. %'•

■jijo 7ht'. ro]\i'^i\, d-.-JOhfiiraiiofis of J. A. dc iMandcllloc, Hook 1

about ffvcnty two more rub)rct to t!ir Kinguf t;,,,^,
from MinJ.imw on the North Suit-, and BwairA Cn
the South, and between the Continent ot NtVL-.d!,'!!"^

Fiiitt thr n^lifh Year, .vi>i I.1IU one hiin.lnc! Vcarv 'Ih;-
Vwm of it ^ L;.ttlirrrd I'Ut ome every other Vc.ir, bctaiile
thr Inhabitant^ '-Tcak olV t'.e HiidMhe firl», that they may
h.iVi- a iiiorj pkntifiil C'toj' tl>e laoiid Y.ar. 1 l;c l-iii:t
IS ripe from -fvCi/i to 'Jaiunry. '1 his 'I'lie aliords no
(iuiii, by tea!'on"ot its exLclTive Hiar, the Kiiiit benii; lb
dry that the li.habitaif, to eiu nale its \Vei!;ht, jut a
Pit«her with Water, witlnn ten loot ot tlieir Cl<'Ve-Ba<',s
whith IS fucked up within two or three Davi lime. 1 he
Cl:<.'- ': do the lame with thtii raw Mlk.

A^ the M.'.uiCiis yield mure Ciov-^i than any otliT
IHands hereabouts, this has nailed fume to alf.rm that tin y
grow (;n!y here, it being certain iliey yield yearly Six
thouland 'BarrtK of Cloves, allowing; live hundred and
an half to a Bairel 1 though, at the lame time, the Iflc;
of Ira, Mytarii.7, C-v.;.;.-, 6".;.''tt^«, AUngcien, dtmeco-
ncra, .imhyn.t, but clpit'ialiy the Iflc of ^'..TJnw/.r, pru-
tluce eenfui'erable (jtiantiiics. but not lu pixjd as thole ol
the Mi':u,;,u. In the Midll of the Illand of Ternair, is
a very hi^h Muunuin, full of I'alms and other Tias
whicjj has a ir.rll miraculous Well on tlie I'l/p, whieh n
ii) deep mat .;00 I'athom of Roj>e did r.ot aath the Ik't-
tom, but to a very fair Spring, the Water of which no
Nxiy hi:herto has vcrturtil tu ulle, by realiin of the fiil-
phurous Exhalations, whitli, cipecully alxmt the lujui-
noxe', illi:r trum the Mountain, ami Ibmttime* call red
ytonrt at twe:!ty I eat;iics (iillar.cr. Thii Mountain is co-
x-errii with Wood n<ar half its I leighth, but afterwards is
cxcefTive coK), havin-; on the Top a very cold Spring, and
a Lake of fre'.h Water, lu-roundcd by Trees. They
know not of any cirtain Dillrrenc; of Scafon in thcle
Iiuni!«, cxrept i!iat it j;ei;eraliy rains more witli the Norili
than w;th the Sout'i-w:iid.

Serpents tluy have of thirty Foot lonf;, but not veno-
mou-. livirp for the moll pa.t upon lilh. Tliis Idaml
l.as ai;b a pcc;ih.ir Creature, called by the Inliabitants ( ti-
ff.', w!iich, as it fii\',s on Fn:;:', Co it 1^ always leen '.ipon
tlie In. 5, Its Tail Lxring of Inch Strength, tliat it wil! hanj;
by It to 3 Hririh of the Trie, the l>ettcr to come at the
Fmit ; it is in Sha]^ not unlike our RablKts-, its Colour
betwixt a lirey and a Red, with thick, curling, and fjft
Hair, lound and fierie F.y \ and very fmall Feet. As
tl'.tV hive fcirce any domeltuk B;rd exirj-t the I'.itrot, lb
llicir Idul's arc lull of wild ones. The .\I:'.u(^as pro^lucc
a ctrtain \\'c»A which Ixirns, fparkics, and flames like
tonim'in Wooii, hir conl'umrs not, t!iou;;h you may nib
it to I'.jw irr With yonr Fing'r». Nut tar triim the Foit
iif Tttnaii c;row5 a certain .Sh;uh, tailed Ciif.pa by ihc In-
halMt.int', from wli:ch falls a l«if, whiih, by I'rgrres, is
fuppcicd to turn to a BiittrrP.y. The Mc of TiJor n at
leali as I.irpr and fiuitiul as li-rtuu, the bihabit^ns iicrc
Ix-ing lo iiulullriouj as t'l in'provc the Ituif ot the CKvvc-
trre, by I'riinir.g and watrrint; it, which, by this meant,
fx-comes both fairtTand Lh:;-. r'h.ui thrrefl. Here they
have ;;l!b the lieft white ."^andal-wotxl, ani! thole Bmls
cal!-i! I'jxtrai tU! Cicla by the Spaniar.ii, and by us Bin'-
ot P.irii-.'j'e. At'.cr they havct.nciicd tliem, tin) (ut of
thiir F-ct ric'lc to the Boi'y, i" that wf.cn the Flelh diici
the Skirand Feat!;ers join ml' nfibly fogi.t!i.-r,fu that many
h.ivc Kf.i ot Op.iiion thci;! Birds aic wi'hout I'c-ct.

Thr D'^h art Mafters ol M>!,n.i, a well fortiticd
Town in fern.i:e, as alfo of tlic hort »'. Tii.'u.s, am) that
of A/iir "and 7'iJor, of the h'ort Ji'imr.i. 'J m Ruiham,
anti rhr re in the llle of Ma(tiJm, at Tifaig, 'faii-

(fl'.c, ani; 'ifff.-ivia; thry have alio a Stone- 1-oft in ,Uj/;r.
'I'h«- Ki!:;;dum ot Maiti^m, which is g'.>vci:.cd by its own
Sf)vrreigr, l)tirg fo wri! (Ic^.ked with S.ig<J tiiat :he Inlia-
bitani' (use I'ufficrnt wherewith to fubfnl wthoct Lateur,
f!.is \r\»<'x thrni (b iiHc and carelcfi that they are Icarce able
to r»iic (TC*- ti.'hting Men. I'he Iflc of Muc/.iam, whicli
II (\j!t»r^t to tlic Kir.g ot Tirnj!f, :3 afxHif li vtn l.eagties
in Cirr iimfTrtrci the Duh/' made themftives Matters of
II m i6oi, linre which Time they have crcVtrd three F'ljrf*,
rh" firtt at (luc^^ut, fituatc vym nn l.minenre, and
flr-ni'ihf ned fy (our Baihoni of Stone , ai is alfo the Fort
ol ■l'fj,,j built Itkrwifc u'.vin an All-nt at a:i hundred and
lixiy l'.K(s f.oni the Sea-lhorc •, it c- l-.;v,rr i!i:ia tfie firih
'I I.e 1 on .,1 loi'iikla lias only tw(j Baflionj. Bcfidti,
u.'U live Idanji, jiroijcrly tailed th': MJiuiJi, there arc

J4. The riilipjine Idands which lie to thf Koah.r
flic AfjluiC.iJ, were dil(:overed by icrdinaiid Mr^inJ'

':''^5,

in 1520, but no F.llablifhment was nude there ti,. .
when they got the Name of Phltpfints from Ph:i'^\[
then King of Spntn. The lirft Settlement ol the Sp'nni^ris
was m.ulc in the Illc of Zefm, and u'lout fix Years attirtiuf
in the lile of Ijhoii, now called ALnilU, from its duct e;t»'
which is fituate in an Ifle m.Klc by an Arm of tlic St j '■'
the nuifl Southern Fart of the lile, the \s hole Comii.il's ct
winch is three hundred .-.nd fifty U-agiies; it is Icvcntv
leagues from China to the Noith, and two hundidani
fcventy Iz-agues to the Noith-l.all from 'J.ipan totlir Fall-
t is cncompaffed by the Oce.m, and to the S«ith by thi'
;reat /frcttp.-.'.Jgo, winch is divided into live .Sc.is an I

f;^'

Ihukeil with a vail Numlx-r lA IC.ands.

and
The Fertility oJ

tlie Soil, joined to tlie Indullry of its Inhabitants, makes
this Illand alwund in Corn, Rice, Fruits of all torts, m\
Drugs ; as likcwife in B< ct, Btiti'aloes, fker, ficus .im!
Hogs. Their Cinoa Wine thry keep till it heconits il
flrong as Spanijh Wine ; their lemons, Oranges, 1 i;^
and l'car<i, are flie WW in thi» World, and they aboi^l
Njth in Domeftiek, and Wild-fowl, and Birds. 'I'heyi.iv:
a peculiar Way Jirre cf killing the Crocodiles, of wh;.h
they have great Numfjrrs •, he who is to ing.ige with t!;:;
Creature, gantlets his left Arm to his Flbow, havin':;:nf' ■
tame Hand a Triincheon ot a I'oot long, piked at U w
Fnds, with a Dagger in the other ; Thus arnnd, \v: ^u^
into the Water up to tlvj Waill, and while the CkkJu;,':
is making at him with In. Jaws open, he thrufts h;i !o:t
1 land down hii Throat, ti) as to keep them itom llr..': :,-,
and in the mean while lUbs him with the Dagger i;. t .:
Throat, till he drops tlown »lead.

The Philippir.c Illands produce more Tygers, l.i-:ij,
Bcart, and liKh-like wild Beafls, than /ifruk itlelf, ar,J
aiiouniis in Algalias, whicii are the Creaiuiu. that prikiu.;
Mulk, and Civet Cats. 1 he CiineJ( drive a vail iiaio ^.^
this Country witli the Spaniards, wtio buy tluir C.ilicni;,
Silks, I'orcelain, (iun p<jwdtr. Sulphur, liun, (^lickiilvr,
Copper, Meal, Nuts, ijc. and cairy tlitin to tl.c //•;,;•
Indits, where thcle tilings arc foM at a ver\' d.rar r.it;-. h
the City of XLimlla relides a Spanijh .Xrchijilhop, svlio h^
tlirce Billiops under his Jiirildiction, tor the fpiritii.il Cii>
vcniment ot the Pii!ij<pinc Illands •, and liirii is the I,",!"ii-
ence they Iiave over thelV ignorant Wretches, that (hoy
keep them in Subjection without any flaiuiii.g I'orus. li:8
Arciit^ifliop IS alfo \'iceroy of tiiols lllaiuls, and has th:
Managemmt of all publick AfTairs, in Coi.junftioiM^.th
the King's Counid apjxiintcd in tiiat City, which ii \ry
large, and its I luufes built of Stone, after the nio '-r:i
Way. Within and a'.xiut it live a'xive fittcen tlioLij'.i
Ctinff{, and vati Numi)ers of the fame Nation relurt tl;.
"ler every Year tor the Conveniency of Fralllck. Su tha;
trom Dcumber to /Ipn! you may Ice in the I larixjur (wh c.H
IS defended liy two wocxlen 1-orts; near tlvc liuiuireii (./.••
af.f Junks. I his I'iace is allb muiii treqiicr.tcd by the
"Japantft, but not in iw.v fo great Nuniliers as by the (ii-
nijf. Norwithtl.mding wliirh, the Spanurds arc much more
jealous of th- tirf> than th<? I.ll.

li?. yjpan IS comixjfri' of many Iilands, diviiied by
hvcra' Arms of the S-a, cxttnded Iroiii ^i to ^9', biiri;
in fomc I'iaces lianr ten, in others thirty Leap;:' 1:1
Breadth. On the b.afl Side it hatii A'n.-Spai>i, lo ths
Noitii Taricry ; on the Well Cbsnj, and the Sea to th:
South, with i'ait of ttie Tnra /lujlralis. 'I'he whokluii-
piie (onfilU of lixry lix hller Kingdoms or Frovimcs
lifty-thrcc whereof are lompreliended within the two grrat
Kingdoms of Meaco and jbna^uve, nine otiir.'s wiilmi t, f
great Kingdomot Ximc, and i!ie icmainingfoui 111 thatoll'r.l
Xiccum. According to ilie 'J -tianefc, they are to tins Day
uncertain, whether the wlioL- '.mpire lie an lilaiid, or an-
nexed to the Continit.i ; toralmucii as from th.; I'lovir.ce
ot i^uan:o 10 the H )rders of the IVn'ini. ..1 ■/-«".!;•''•'. i'
tw'cnty-fcven Day. Joiiiii(.y to the I'atl-Nurtii-balt, an.i
then ilicy croh an .\rm of the .Sea of elcv'-n l.e.n'u.s bio.iJ,
whicli Lrint'k them into the Frovniie of 7.';'', lo iialylal

il -Tout (ix Years after i

hcT ; Thiis arnu\i, ii-

Chap. n.

tbroH'^h the

great eft Part 0/ //j^ E A S T-I N D I E S. 791

bv inacrcirililc M<n)nt;iias tli.'.t r.-) b.r.iy hithfrto lus been tlic Heart. Thofc Cfimcs which involve the whole Fa-

;i;,:;' to ililcovLT the ! .xtcnt ot th'.ni 1 he whole I'liipiic of mily in the fame Piinifhment, arc Extortion, Coining,

y.i/i.m being liividcd into many Provinces the fimc are Firing of Houliis, wilful Murder, and Ravidilngof Wo-

u)nunittcil to the (iovcrnment_ot n .my I'nhcrsan,! I.crds, ir.cn, and arc punifhed by crucifying with the Head down-

who have lluir .Sccrttari's aHigntti them by tlic Knipcror wards, by boiling in Oil or Water, tearing thtm to Pieces

hiinftlf, whole Bulincf!! it is to have a watchtiii F.ye over by four Horfes, ^c. Lying is alio capital hefe, efpccially

thi'in, aiul to give an Accouni ot thnr Tranfa^ tions, and if told before a Judge.

ifpccialiy concerning; rheir Kt vcniirs, wliich an- very great, '1 heir Princes and great Lords, if guilty of any Crimes,

a;ul according to the L'nmpiiration ol th'- Jiipnitffe, amount arc baniftied into the Ille of Taitfen Simn, lying fourteen

yearly to eighteen M lihons four hundred thoufand Kockins Leagues from the Province of Jedo. ft is all Rocks, with-

(i.uh of which niakc lour /-'rr-vrA Ciuwns) out of which out any Road or Harbour, producing nothing but Mul-

tluy are oblig(<l to maintain a irrtain Nuniber ot Forces berry -trees and Silk-worms, which furnifh thofc miferable

lk)tti Horfc and I oot, lor th • Fnipiror's Si-rvice, in pro- Prifoners with Materials for the making of StulFs, in which

j^dition to their Reveiuics which cotilift chiefly in Lord- they employ their Lives and are relieved from Time to

Ihips and Demcfnes. They have Mines of all lorts, f r. Time with mod nilferalile Food. It is computed that the

la that he who has a thoulund Kockins/j^r /hnum is obliged Fxpcncc the Emperor of Japan is at ycaiiy in hi^ Ci.urt,

to maintain tWinty I'oot, and two HorlVincn-, by which amounts to four Millions of Kockins, and five Millions

means the JMiiperor is able to raife an Army ot thrci- hun- more for his (Governors and military Olficers. His ordinary

(ircd and lixty-eight tliouland I'oot, and thitty-eight thou- Refidrnce is in the Caftle of Jedo, which is two Leagues in

land ei[dit hundred llorlc-, bt'lides the hundred thoufand Circumference, and ftrengthcned with a triple Wall, and

KiKit, anil twi-nty thoul.md Horl:-, he keeps up as a Handing as many Mounts all of Free-done. The Gates are covered

Fcinc, which is fo much tlic lel< to Iv admired at, fincc with ftrong Iron Bars, and Lodges over them, which con-

foine of tliclf Lords have lliih vail annual Revenue',, that, tain three hundred Soldiers, for a Guard to each Gate, his

accoiding to the bctore-mentiuned Proportion, they are own Palace, with the Apartments for the Women •, (land

chl:i;eil to turniih one thctiland two hundred Foot, and ir. the Centre, and round about it the Floufes of the Princes,

and other great Lords, all richly gilt, and fumptuoudy fur-
nifhcd, their chief Emulation being to outvie one another
in this kind of Magnificence, which is amongftthcm looked
upon as the grcateii Mark of Refpecl they can pay the Ein-

Calllr they govern. I'hey h.ivc alio a Culloiu of chang- peror, who never (tirs abroad but in the Conpany of a

a hundred and twenty I loile.

All tiie grc.it 1 .otds ot Japan have three Names, 'jir..
their pro[xr Name that ot the F.iniily, and a Surnamf .
they commonly take from the Pr(!vince, City, or

iiiu; their Name-; thrice in their Life-time, the firll, given
tl..ni in their lnfa;-cy, bring .iltered a: the Ag» cf twenty-
fix, a;d that again at lilry or lixty Years ol Ag'\ They
have another Cultoni in Jupdn tor the Slaves to offer rhem-
fclvcs a volunurv .'^acrirux- in their Mall -rs whenever they

great Number of thofe Lords, and their young Kindie.',
who are the Guard of his Body -, and by applying them-
felves to Mufick, Phyilck, Writing, Painting, or the Ma-
nagement of publick AfVairs render themfelves qualHicd
for h Kher Employments. 1 hey are all clad in black, and

die, which is done by a H)lemn I'.ngai'ement, and con- as they march along the Streets, don't lb much as utter a
firmed by a Bottle ot Wine. As tins is chieily done by Word.

" ■ As the Rrv'enucs of the Emperor of 7^/""" arc fo givar,

that the ordinary Income of two .Months is iufficient to de-
fray his whoi^ Year's Expence, his Treafure murt; he im-
mcnfe, moft of which conlllfing in Gold and Silver, is laid
up ill vad Cherts, indufcd in ieveral Towers belonging to
the Cadle, bclides what is difpofed of in tlie Country. Their
Florfe are armed with Crofclets, Firelocks, not much
longer than ou-- PiftoL, with Pikes, Bows, Arrows, and
Cymitars. The Foot have only Hc.ail-p'eces, two Cymi-
tars, each a Mufket, Pike, Half-pike, and broad Knife :

,., ,„ are iviirif )ned by the b'.mpero: ; bur their Each Company confills of tifty Soldiers, a Captain, a Lieu-

Cities arc generally wi'tiunit anv bortilications, and if tbmc tenant, and ten Corporals-, live of thel'e Companies make
lew ot them have any, they are only fingle Walls. 'I'heir a Batalion, commanded by a peculiar Officer, and ten Ba-
Ciiies are built after the fame manner, each Street having tafums a Brigade. ■, i •

two c.ates, which arc lliut up, and guarded in the Night- The Emperor of Japan has a numcr;;us Couticil, tho
time. Thi'V have lu. Revenues belon.yrg to them, neither only four arc charged with the Manag-ment of all .:;ipor-
pay tlu-y any ImiH)litiuns, except a verv inconfuler ible Rent tant Affairs, and are to attend daily at Court : Soa.c of
iDr their l^vclhngs to the Governor,' tor wliotl- I Me they thefe have :wo Millions of Crowns, orl-er, tmcc or tour liun-

lired thoufand Crowns, ot!iers tour (^r hve hundred thouland
Crowns yearly Revenue ; but their Expences are propor-
tionable to their Revctau-s, being obliged to l.ve at Icill
half the Year nt Court in vail Si-ler.djr, maintaining per-
haps a Retinue of thrcr- hun^ired Perlors, and above a thou-
fand in their I .imilies.

thole Slaves, to put an I'lid to the Miieriesthey endure in
their Life time, to thtre have been l"om>^ who have defn-d
of their Malkrs to Iniry them uniler the b'oundation tliey
were going tti lay ttjr rniir confilerable Edifice. Their
Pagods or Temples are ot Wood, about f-'ven or eigiit
F.itliom I'quaiv, and railed three or tour Foot irom the
<>round. 1 hey have linall I'urrets, with Lights in them
en all Sides, and withi;i certain Statues, unto whom they
a.!.';:els their Prayei ;. The King and great Lords have
inaiiV t.iir Callles Klonging to them, amonc which thofc
that are fortilicv

IM
arc alio obhgetl to kicp a Man at woik at certain rimrs;
but this ilocs not ha[ipeii very ot'trn. The (.iovcrnors hav-
ing certain Demrfnts al'ottci! them for their Revenues, and
among others the Ailv.irtage ot I'l bing, efpecially or the
Whale, of which th< ic are taken yearly near three hiindied
uj I ;i the Coali ol '/.'.r-iu ; but they are neither (b big, nor
to tat as tiiofc in the Northern I'arrs.

I'.very 'fapuntf.; of wliat Conditii>n f'fvcr, is abfolute
Malbr of" the Lite of his Slave. I'hey .are f .cruel in their
Puiulhincnts, that the fait 'IVilpals isiamiihrd with Death.
Cia.nin- tor Money, or killing anv Pcrlon, fh.)U;;h in his
o'.v;i i)it,"nrf, is laoital, a'^l lo is Thefl, thoi
hut tur a I'enuy ; an I in Olfonces of a more I
niri, the Farllcr^, B.ctl.ren, and CliK'.ren, arc put to
Death lor the Crime oi a tingle [-"erlon •, nay, the Wives
and Uauglaers, thoiirrh iver lo iiin'Ktnt, are aHi) involviil
i;i the lame Mistortune; tor th'V are made Sl.ives, and
their whole Suliltaiue is ccnlillated. Thieves air tadened
witli a Kopc ol Siiaw to a^^rols, a:.d (Ik
runs a P.^^e into tlie ii;',ht Side uj) to the lett Shoulder, and
a^;ain tiom the leti Sule ii;i to the right Shoul.ler ; otli- r
Maletauors are taden -d oriiy to a I'olt, with their Hands
lif(tched out, and held up' by two Perfons, .and fo the
Lxcaition.r runs '.Ik.;!! wiih a i'lkc ihivii;d" Uic Neck into

fions are e.vcelV.vc dear

id that in a Place where Provi-

not to mention the vaiM^xpcrces

they are at in their Bu;l •'-gs, mA the E.nerta-inient- dicy

arc niiliged to give tii- Ivrnperor wh' neve iic is plealed

to honour them 'with a I'rofent, perhaps of a rare, winch

;.,. , he has t.aken in 1 Ui.umg. As great Perlons aiv not to

,u"h It were marry any Wito but what is prefented to them by the l-.m-

leinous Na- peror himfelf, lo they are put to vad Clurge in giving

them all the magnificent b'ntertainmcnt, and all tl.c hi^joy-

ments they can", except their Liberty, which they nuift

rellon to their ITulbantls, and are not permitted to go

abroad .ibove once a Year to vilit their neared Relations}

,k:v., .,„- ...urnvu notwithdanding the Wives in Japa>, have the^ Reputation

V. tlu- I'xerutioner of great Refervednefs, and being, bey;..nd all oth'Ts taitliliil

to their Hufbands, of whii ii many Indances might be al-
ledred, which for Brevirv's f.ike I oml:. Tncrc .ire, how-
ever, thofe who afcrilH' ,h;s R. fervedncls rather to the Sc-
veri-.v of their L.aws, diaii th.ir Inclinations it being cer-
tain, that even th.e lead bivlpiucn gf Dilhontdy alter Mar-

•j

1 fi

;f ■

!i,'^^i

i'm

||.|i;i:|;iiV

I ■■

791 T/jc f'^o)'o^C5 and Obfcr: itions of ]. A. de Mandclfloc, Book I.

luniiiy, than lircak his Promifc to his Friends, which .
the Rcalon moft of thnr Dclinanents will rather endure the
molt cxquiCite Tortures than ilifcovcr thdr Accomnli...

ri,ipr, is jjuniflird here with the iitmoft Cnulty •, !'>> that
il .I'l IiilKuul liiuls hus Wife Iwkcil up in a Room with an-
other M.in. lie mav, without any f.utlicr Enquiry, kill ihcm
bdth. The l>citir to allay the Heat of Youth, and the
PaiYV-r aril'mj; from tlu-nie in rcljxift of AiiuUcry, they
have in the Cities, nay, even in inotl of the Inns u}H)n the
Roi.', certain I'mlhtutrs, who are niort of them Slaves,
ami fxjxjfe the mlclvis to Travellers for Money •, anil it a
M.in , to Hay for any Time in a Place, he may hue one
ft thrie Gincubines trom their Mailers at a certain tafy
rate, am! ka-p her lor his own IJte.

As for their Devotion, it may be fa iil, thai they have
fcarc;; any at all, the moft ilcvout among tlum fcKlom
J r.:ying in pnhiirk alnivr ince a Month bttorc their IJols,
wh;cii (hni m their Trmjiles •, near them are their Sepul-
chres i()>fu\l with girat Tomlvllones two or three Foot
I'.igli, ami thofe of Pcrlons ot Quality have a little Pillar
crifUii near thrm, coniainin<', thvir Names, anil certain
ithu Infrriptions, in the Natiiie of an Epitaph. The L'.c-
deliaftirk* are ilivuleil into twelve different Stds, eleven
pf which aMlain from livini;Crca!iirrs, and from Women.
If tluy break tli' ir Now they are punilhed with Death.
Tholl <if the tweltili SeCl are alluwed to marry, and eat all
lt)rts (if PiiivirKiiis ; the ehiet ot this Six't is the Head of all
thni Clergy, and thc;r Temples are endowed with many
l'r!vil!i;e5, and fettled Kcveiu'es ; whereas thole ot the
(.ther Scx^ts are maintained only by Alms. Some atnong
the j.:rj>ir]: Ix'luve the Ininv rt.ility of the Soul, and the
Rewards and l\inilhmfnts of another Lite for ever ; but
the moft have lb little Senfe of Ri!i[>,iO!i, that thiy niict in
i!i(ir Temples to lirink, and commit other Debauthciies ;
whcme it is alio, that mver any I'm li thing is heard ot as
Controvcrly alxjut Religion, thmi^h they arc fuch nricon-
ulvable Fj-.cmies fo tlic Cbnfttafii, that tinding Death not
to I'* I'utfiiient t.) Ihakc then Conftancy, they invented
iiuirv cruel Mfthi>f's to iii-ke tliim renounce iheir 1 .nth,
wliiili, however, at Lift t'.y 'verr not l.u-.litd witli, unlcls
they c-iild diliovf r anot!icr Ckrsjhan to relrafe them trom
their Tormeixs which arc fo various, as would aimoft hlJ
a Volume.

Ti-.eir lloufcs arc Tightly built, and fcldom alcove one
.^ti"y i. gh, I'lrcaiife the Country is much fubjrt' t-i Ljrth-
q'lak: s i ti'.ey are tailai t.'.ree or tcir Fiwt from ilf Ciinund,
and corvcnit.-n tr.oDgii within, being liivided into Icvcral
Apartments I' me ot which are for fiie Men, the reft only
for the Vic i.f the Wctr.cn, wlicrc the [leiX Part of tlie Fur-
niture is l>eftowcJ ; they arc alii) very nice in tin ir dardens
and Orcl-.ards 1 they are very obliging in then Convnii-
ticn, clj'^iully in thtir N'liits, wlu:i they piclent their
Ciuells with Tcliacco, TilTue, or Tea, and with Wine, of
the hft of which tliey wii! take a very plentiful Share ; but
are lure never to qiurrel over their I.iciuors. Except at the
Inns, for the Conveniciuy of TravcLcts, no Drii'.king-
houles arc allowed of in Japan ; nay, not f.) much as a
pubhck Cook's Shop, it Ix-ing their C olli tn to make tl.nr
g(X>d Ch'er I'l their Houlc., where, among othri tl.in^s,
ttir\ r; lertari ore another with their Mi.T.i k, the chiet of
whuh is a kind of Lute, with tour filk Sfiit.f;s, wh;ch tliey
ftnkc With a Peg of Ivory. Their W:nr, or rather 1 Iidro-
tn'll, is ir.ai'.r •/ Rice, Sugar, an.! Honey, and is as ftrong
as ai y Wit.c wi.atcvir. Tl.! .r Marriages are contradled in
cynfriiJTrr of the Agreement of the Rrlatiofis, Ihc
Bride and Hrnirgro.m bring inu [xrmtited to ice one ano-
ther tili It IS tti U coDlummaicd, iliofe ol"a lummon Rank
may foo:i l>e divoTcei!, a:id ii they .ijllikc the Wi;c, fer.d
I:cr back to iKr R( lations •, Lmt i'eople t,\ (.^ulity, noi-
ssiLf^atii'i; g any LHl.gitcnwTt, mainui.'i thtin in their
1 iouli-s.

Their Chilute:. they n'uratc with al! inuginable Mdd-
ni(s, wai.(,(it ar.? Uaiixg, as well at home as at School,
wl.tli-i laey lie not Hit till they )<: fcven or ei^^ht Years
of Ago. a .d when ll>« coi:.r t. Man'* Fjlate, t^ J aii.cr
aligns 10 h:. S. :» a eei m Pa.t 1..I ihr: Houic, and of Ins
IinpleAnient, lay, jiniai.:. i.'.c whole, rrlcivi gu^ly a cer
Uni ASloWai.ir (or Jiis Subiil^rni.;- t<^ himlcil i but th(ir
Daug'ikr'. l..;vr r.citlur fVjw.-., nor the k-aft .-jhate in thrir
I ar!iri\ J.,'.,ti5. 'I h'-y ire ii nice in Point nt ! Lmuur,
t)..it ''.,< \ v.mI 'i-.'itr die lU'i : (ei'e an Inch irom a ; and
.1 /I/O. _. .^..1 rather 1 ...1 i..-. lia/..t.J uf tJi'; Ku,n of hu

I'he Japanfft having fuch vaft Quantities of all thina"
leklom deal in any Foreign Cominodities, but leave that
Commerce to Strangers, cfpccially to the ChiH(fe, who brina
thither the Produdt and Manufactures of their Country •

though ever fincc the ancient good CorrefiJondence ,^.
tween tliofc two Empires has been interrupted, thi:Cci7i]
arc forbidden by their Kings to fend (iooils into Japli
and therefore aie obliged to carry on this Comnicree, under
pretence of tranfporting their Commodities to foiii'e other
Parts of the Ifidits, unto which they are the more encou-
raged by tlic vaft Hopi:s of Gain. All Cominoilitics, cither
imported or c- ported out of Japan, pafling tree, withoul
paying the Icaft Duty or Cuftom.

The wliole Empire of Japan ules but one and the lame
1-anguage, winch is quite ililUrent from the (iincje, ai
well as their Charaftcrs-, as they always ufc but tew Words
they write every thing with Pencils in certain Short hand
No. in a very little time ; their Accounts tiny ktri) by
the means of ceitain Iniall Beads, which they tliread upon
little Sticks like a l(]uarc IJoanl. Th< y are not .telliiuteof
Books nor Libranes, the D/.iro (who turinerly was the I'o
vereign of the Countiy, aiu, ibll retains the SiijircniJcy over
the ClergyJ keeps the publick Accounts, and writes the
Chronicles of the Country •, nei'.her are any other IVrluiu
except the Cientlemen of his Houlc, and fuch L-ords and
I-adies a.', arc defccnded from his Family, allowed to write
Books, which makes them conftantly apply themlelves to
learning. Tl' ■' liave twt one kind ot Mealure ; their
(iold is ot thi .und, but their Silver none of the linclh
Ut (iold Coi;i tney have three forts, one whereof is valurd
at forty-eight I'aals, each of which being worth hvc Crowrj
Sterling, amount to twelve Pounds Sterling. The fccond
ibrt are worth each one Taal, and a fifth Part, and the third
one Taal, and a fixth Part. Their Silver Com goes by
Weight, l)eing in the Form of Ingots, lb divided, thatcac.'i
Piece commonly amounu to fifty Taals. They hav^; alfo
a lefTer Silver Coin made in the Sha{)C of a irrt.uBcar,
which goes hkewife by Weight.

The Japcntft don't geld any Creature, (o that they are
well itorcd with all Ibrts of Cattle, as well a.^ Fowl, and
fmall Birds. They alio aliound in mineral aiui hot Wa-
ters : There is a certain hot Spring here which fpouts fonn
its Waters duly twice every twenty-four Hours, with Inch
Violence, that though the Water riles aniiJft the Ston'.'S,
whith are laitl on the Top ot the 1 lole to the Height ot
twenty or twenty-four F'oot, it is lb hot that it cxcfc.ls
the 1 leat of Ijoiling Water, and burns every tlunjj it
touches at its tirll coming out ; but being conveyed by
certain Pijxrs into the adjacent Houles, it is reduced to
fuch a Degree of Heat, that it is convenient for Bathing.
Thelc Mineral-waieis are fufficent Proofs that Japan is lull
of gcxxl Mines ot all forts, and Experience coiUirmi it ;
for they have Gold, Silver, Copper, Tin, Iron, and Ixad
of their own, as well as Cotton, Flax, Hemp, Silks, and
all nunner of Provitions in great Plenty. Their I'hyh-
cians luvc fingular Reputation as to their Ability, biit
Chirurgc-y is uncommon among them as yet. i hey maks
frequent life ol Cbma Rofit and Rhubarb, whiv.h, « wnl
as moft of their other Medicine-, they make into Filh.
The Foriugutzt ami Spaniards found it no hai J Matitr tj
fettle tncmfelves in Japan, and their religious C'ercir.onies
tiX)k fo well with the Inhabitants, tlut they wetc permit-
tal ii build dive.-s Cjurche^ in the Kingdom ; bm the
Spanicrdi not Uing aide to contain themlelves withm the
Bounds ol Modelty, their dominecri;.,;, Te.Tiper creited
lucii a Jca'.ouly and Averlion 111 thr J.ipeneji, that they
let uiHjii them, Uirnt their Ships., and, in i()<6, tutahy
bandficd them the Iiland, under Pain ov IX-ath. i'fic Dtttih
l)cg.ui to trade there in 1011. Some of t.'i 'ir Relations
atihim the City ot XUato to l« twenty-one Leaeues 1:1
Compls. and that the (. ity ot Oilack and i'Mj,- ^"^ ^^^
ihcir Wealth n(>t mfciior to any ot the Indui

i he Atr i>l Japan is very looiicracc and heaitii/, but in-
tlmuiin^ r^thci t'l Cold tl».<ii Heat. They low m A/.rr,
l>u! do not leap till i>epttwi,'r. i'hey have ncitliT (W

110/ Butter, H.iJ fiave an Avtrlion to Mdk, wlm ii "xy

conli.lcr

-Ifloc, Book I.

to his Friends, which it

nts will rather endure the
ovn- their Accomplice.
Quantities of all things
modities, but leave that

to the a,«/,, who brine
lures ot their Country •
xxl CorrcliHjndencc Ik-.
' interrupted, the Cmut

lend (,o<xls into Japan,
on this Commerce, under
mmodities to Ibine other
hey are the more encou-

Aii Commoilitics, either
>an, palling tree, without

111'. Imt one and the lame
■nt trom the (I'inrjt, «
iways ufe but lew Words,
lis in certain Short luiid
T Accounts tiny keep by
which thty tlinad upon
They areiiot .lellituteof
will) turnierly was the lo

•tains the .Supremacy over
Accounts, and writes t!ie
ler are any other lVrlun>,
lule, and I'uch Lxjrds and

lanniy, allowed to write
lantly apply themltlves to

kiiul ot Mcalure ; their
r Silver none of the lincll :
)rts, one whereof is valud
h being worth Hve Crowns
kIs Sterling. The fccocd
i a fifth Fart, and the third
riicir Silver Coin goes by
gots, lb divided, that each
y Taals. They have alfo
c Shaj)c of a J-rtHiU Bean,

Creature, fo that they are
ittle, as well as Fowl, and
1 in mineral and hot Wa-
ing here which fpouts fonn
nty-four Hours, with linh
:er riles aniidff the Stonw,
the 1 hde to the Height of
t is lb hot that it excrcJs
and burns every tlunfj it
t 1 but being conveynl by
: Houlis, It IS reduced to

is convenient for Bathing,
nt Proofs that 'Jjpaii is lull
d Experience Cuntirnii it ;
ppcr. Tin, Iron, and l^id
, l-'lax, J-icmp, Silks, and
•cat Plenty. Their I'hyf:-
I as to their Ability, but
g ihcni as yet. 1 hry moktr
i Rhuhail), whith, as w.-il
ics, they make mto l':.h.
(ound It no hard Matctr tj

their religious Cercironies
its, that they were pcrniit-
in the Kingdom -, but the
iitJin ihimlclvcs within the
miiiecrii.fi Tcfrpcr creitcd
in th." 'JifoHcji, that ihiy
ips. and, in iO<6, tuuliy
Paino> IX-ath. 1 he Pw/t.'.'
bonie of tirir Kc.'jtions
Ik; twenty-one Uasrurs in
{ Oi[lit(k and />«%* arc lor
■ ut the Ituiin.
udcracc and heaitl./, but i.v

leaf. They low in Miri,

'i'hey have ncitlrr <.)il

rlivn to Mdk, wimli tf^-y

conli.Icr

Chap. II. through the grcatejl Part 0/ //j^ E A S T - I N D I E S. 793

ronfidcr a<! Part of t!ie Hlond am! the Kcccptade of the being very docile in any thing thty apply tlicmfelves to.
Suuls of Bealls. 'I'hey will not teed i;;«(,n the bk Ih of Though their Grounds be very fertile, and able to i)roduce
tjnie Healfs but arc gnat I .oveis ui all li.ris of Wild- much more than they do, they are contented to live up-
l-owl and Venilbn. 'I'lwu CVJais are to l)ij> here that they on their fmall Quantity of Rice, which is railed by the
make Malls ot them for Sliips. The Complexion of the Iiulullry of their Wives, who, inllead of Ploughs, culti-
Natives is inclining inbrown ; and lor the relt,theyareluay vate and dig the Ground with Spades tranlplant and cut
and llrong-liinbM, hardy, and patient lo undergo any La- the Rice; and alter having dried as much of it every
hour, as well as the Injury "t theSeaUms, never changing Night in the Chimney-Cunier as will tulHcL- the Family

the next Day, beat it early in the Morning in a Mortar •,
the Mens Minds biing wholly taken up with liunting, ef-
peciaily till they aic forty Years of Age, before which
Time they iLldom mind any thing relating to Agri*
culture.

They fow alfo three forts of F-niits, called by them
PliHgh, y^tich, and Tartiun, not unlike Millet •, and acer-
tain tort ot Pulfe, retcmbling our F'rencli-bcan ; fome
Roots they have likewife, whu h might ferve them inftcad

their Cloaths either Wmur or Summer, and very mode-
rate in their Diet, Tlv 'Jabonrfe are dillinguilhcd into live
feveral Ranks i the full: is that of the Prince, Lords, and
chirt Ollicers, both Civil and Military, the leco.nl of the
Cler[;y i the third ol the (ientliintn and MeiTliints -, the
fourth of rr.<delinen and Seamen •, and the fifth of La-
bourers, Once in live Years the F.mperor of Jiipr.n has
an lilt rvicw with the Dairo at Mcaio, which is very re-
iiMikabh' tor its Maj^uticcnce, and the great Pnfcntsinade

ro the U.iiri), an aniplr /Xtroiint ot \\hi''h being to be of Bread, if they were not furnifhed fufficiently in that
liiuud irt the /)■'/(■/' Relation of the DirecHor ol the faid refpect with Rice. Belides this, they have Ginger, Ciii-
Cunipaay in 7, ;/•((", we will pafs by th'. Particulars of it namon. Sugar-cane^, Banan.is, Lemons, and a great Store
beir, our Intenrion Ixiiu; only to i-ive thf" R-Mik-r a fliort of Arcca, not to mention fcveral (bits of Fruit', and i-'ulle,
Kel.uii>n of what we li.ive reieivcd trom very good Hands, not known in Europe. Infhad of Cocoa- Wine, of which
and leaving the rcll r ) b • comili , teil by thole who have they are dellitute, they make a certain Mixture of Rice,
lirce had the dpporiuinty ol taking a \'icw in Perfon of which, being foakcd in warm Water, they beat it in .i
t!),ii Country.

16. Alter the Raniniment of the Japonefe out of China,
t!ie ('.hlih-i<\ ii> avoid the Penalties inl'.itted on fuch as
Ihould trade with tliiin, made I'li- of the Ilk of 'I'ayo-
i-rt'.\', whither tii;y i allied tin ir Commodi'.ies, in order
tf> continue tluir lonimer.c with thole of '/.ipun. The
J)u;ib beiiij; excluded trom the Conunerce of C/.ina, tol-
loweii till ir l''iH)t-tUps, and, in 16^1, fettird ttu-mfelves
in tlie fiid I'luid, as the moll conv.nient Place in all the

Mortar till reiluced to a Palle ; this they mix with Ric^
meal thewcil inftead ot Leaven ; and ha\'ing put it into an
earthen VclFel, fill it up with Water, wliicii, .after it has
fermented and ftood f.vo Months, alTords a very pleafant
Liquor, which is lliongcr or weaker, accnrdiig .as it is
kept, and the oklcr the tweeter it is, and may be kepc
good thirty or thirty-live Years. When they go .abroad a
liunting, they make ule of Snares, fmall Pike , Bcvs, and
Arrows ; their Nets they fpreatl in the open F'leids, or

hidiii liir carrying on 'I'lad-.- l).ith with China and Jnpan, erofs the Highways, and then drive the Wild-Beafts into

there being a Iroc Pal'.iigc lure all the Year, without be- them.

inf oliliged to Ihiy li>r the Monliirs, wliieh, in moft oth^T
Plices, iait for tix Months. I'he DkuI', I l.'.y, biing fen-
lilile of this Converiency, built immediattly a Stone- Fort
ol tour B.illioiis on the Downs withm h.ill a League of
the i;re.it Hie ot iirwo'a, which is liiviJed from this Idc
l)V a Lhannelonly, which, though not very deep, yet at-
fords a lafe Harbour fwr Ships agmdf any Winds.

l-ur the better Defence of the Lntiance of tliis Channel,
the Duiib luivr built a Ifroiig K'cdmibt called Zealand.
'Hie Ille of I'rmrja ittelf is about thirty-two Leagues di-
llaii lioin the Rivi-r ot Cliixhni, and the Chinfjf llland
called y^'inwy, extemling from S. W . to tlie N. K. in
Com] als .III h'.inilrevi and ihiriy l.e.ii.nirs. It 1. full ot \'il-
l.iges and bihahit ants, which are not governed by any tin-
gle Pi ihin, but fiuii as tli;y chool- rhemfeives tor their
Magiiiiucs. it has f>ap.y Rivers full of the bell Filh -,
tluir Fi)retU are well llocked with \S ild-l'owl and Veni-
Ibi;, .Uid tlieir Meadows with Ca;tle, bi-lides Deer, Wild-
(i'Uis, 1 l.uis ai\l R.ibl-i's. Th'ir borells produce a kind
1)1 Hi^rfes, with i lams lik a Deer, lallcl O'.r.vivi^ in th< :r
J.angiuge, the Fk Ih ui whicli is a great D.Mn7 •, as alio
anotiier Creature, not unlike our Btars but ot a very large
Si/e, tiie .Skin of whulvis mu. h (tleemed in thofe Parts.
'1 heir droiiinU aie s ery kitile, bui he neglefted, wdiich
nukes Fruit v,ry t> ui e, ami, wh.it tliey have, not very
gv'.tetul to tlie Pa!.::e. Jr produces -.xV.'^t (n'.w Gmg'r and
.IK the (>!•;,■.•(■,■> rehire, Gokl and Silver-,
,'e liii'i'ito found none (it thele Mines
;■. 'I.'u- l".i ■• 111 whi, h tlie l)t<:ch h:\vi.-
l,.r t!-.- lUu I p.tit, .dnng the Sea-

ai.-,

u-;'

. I '

( iimamon, and,
I- 1 the nut.L I:.
W.iltl. looki; ; .di

ilv ir Sittltir,ti.t>

tide.

Its Ii.iia'iitanr-;
f.r.imary Si.'.e, bl.x [: and i-i.'.y ai
t'.eir CiMiveil,iii<n "Id;!'': L'l '"'
(!:vir Women ari- 1 (n li) llroe.',
I'atn.'ls and y t nm ;d Ir. ip"'.
innir ioi;n-d tiic Middk--, l-i;i w!
(wlu..h they (unimoni;, ''o f. '.e a-'.iy
th'-y, .as well a. the M^'S dnp ihemi'
and t;',.d;e no great .UcHi-t v.i.ether they are ken by one
.'.I'other Of imt ; t. r liie i.il, il.ev are very conllant Friends
rA rciigouliy ubllive si >• Agreements that they m.ike
With St:an[Vis, ■|'rr,u'.oy beiii!; a
4;;v.ii!', ther.;. I iicy iu:tiier waul In

Nl.m». jj.

Savag' sb.eirg ol a morethan

uv r rht-r Modi/s, but in

'.1 d, nod i'.oo.'i-iutured ;

:kI iiip, i.nit inelinin;', ro

1 '-v wear a tort ot dar-

■■;: iIk'/ bathe themfelves

in warn\ Water)

Sometimes the Inhabitants of feveral Vill.ig'is make a
Hunting-Match, and dividing themfelves into divers Par-
ties, armed with Halt-pikes and Lance= fend, their Dogs
into the Woods; by which means having forced the W'ild-
Bealls into the Fields they encompals ihem on all Sides,
fometimes for a whole League, and lb with their Pikes
kdl all thofe that come within the Ring. Thele Lances, or
rather Darts, are of Cane, fix or fevcn Foot long, with fe-
veral I looks, which, being fdlencd into tl c I'klh of the
Bealls, ate not t ) pulled out ■, but as the Iron is not well
fallened to the V\'oo ', but that with the running of the
Bealls through the Knilies it comes olV, a Cord is tied to
botli, and a little Hell to t!ie lion, fo that tlv Lance anr)ys
the Beall, and the I'x 11 difjcvers its I'alVj;;.: wherev.i- it
runs. By this Means they earch vail NundxTs of Doer,
the Skins of wliich rhey ex.ivmgc with tlK: Chi mjl' lor
their Commoditi'-s, they leldoni rrtlrving any thing for
their own I'te but tht? L'nihies and the F'.ntrails, which
they fait and eat half corrupted, being not cleanfcdof the
Filth bclore tiify were la'.ted.

When one Village happens to be at War with another,
they tirll declare it ojienly againtl one anctlicr, whicli
being the Signal to be up-on lluir Guard, they don't attack
by ojvjn Foire, but ilividing themfelves into li-nall 'I ii;o| r,
perha-)s (,l twenty-five or tiiirty Men, lie in Ambuih 1 e.;r
the Village thty intend to attu'l; till Night, when tliey tcc
upon the Fluts, wUwU lie c.d[)etfcd in the open Cou ::■;
till perhaps thev can light upon an ag.\l M...'. : Th y kill
him, cut otr his lle.ul. Hands and Fe.i ■, iiay,^ if rf.ey
have Time en mgh, cut the whole Body into iinail Pieces,
that every on< ot them may take hoir.e i Pi'; • oi it aiong
with him, as a Mark ot his Bravery -, bit ,1 I'le r.exr \'il-
kig'- li:!ppens ro take -l.e Alarm, th. v a:.' '/:. : to be con-
tented with tlur 1 ieaii alone, or p.eihaps a ;; -od Lock of
the Hair, which they carry Iv'ir.e in 'I'mimph, as an. un-
doubted Siivi of th"irViel(i'rv ; v. '.en t!;cy ini.iu! to make a

<, rheyentei t'lu Vi.'Liin' by Ni;,ht,H'rce op-
a II. )ufe, kd! a'l the

tlark nakei

.f:ent!-" ' -'

very bold .Art.ark, theyentei tlu Vi.'Liin' by Ni;,ht,H'rce op- n

th- y iiuti «ith, i.-.d. lb bet.k? thin.ielvcs

to tlu'ir Heels I'^r lear ol Ih mg punned. W i.cn tn. y en-
rage in the op n Fi;i.', t'v.'relv.rf Ami is to ,! iw ..nean-
"ri'-r l,irnnn'Ar.l!>u'h ; : ul 'JieDeirh nt <.■:■' Man com-

Smc winch h is ll him

Thing abiimin.'.teil
■enuitv or Memory,

otl.er uiro an rtr.i!>i
monly decides the- Quarri
railing immedianly
Hooks; tlicjr {!i''.!-;l;is

in.ir
riieir Ar;
ue r.i kii.

;,i ■ I'lkes, l".n I'.ltl'OUt

that ili-y ;helter their

;■( r

■t'if

' Ml

794 '^^^^^ f'oytrges atid Obfavations of ]. A. tic Mandcllloc, Book I.

1 ./

i^ t

whoir Btviv \ hilt iIkii Swonls fhort ami liroail. Ikfulrs
which, they .illn m.ikr ule ut KniviA, or Riyoncts, like
thole ot the J.t;,i>uf{. Somrtiinrs lertain Villai;fs enter
into a ConJivltracy ag.iinft ilivtrs otlirr Villages, m which
rale they lion't ihonlc .» (itiui.il, or any Commamler in
chief, but UK h anionj; them as have actjuircil ibine Rcjmi.
tation of Courage, hy hivinp iiit of!" lomc ot their I' nc-
mies Heads, arc ti)liowni liy a certain Numlxr ot Voiun-
tiers, who go abroad in I'arties, and furjiriie their L'.nc-
mirs.

They coniinunly engape in War aRainll the Mand ol
STi^;;; i the Inhalntjius tlieicof are lo lulpii ious, that they
will tier let a torcij^ncr or others let a Foot on Shore, not
the CbiHtjt themfelves, who come thither to traiie with
ihtm, but are torced to remain on Board their Veticis
whither thcle Mandirs come to exciiangc ComiiKKlitics
With thtm. It thiy are to happy as to cany oH' an Ene-
my's I lead, or perhaps only a Lik k ot his 1 lair, or a
Fike, thty earry it in Tmiinph, as a Sign of their Victory,
apjwint a publuk 'I'lunklgiving-t!ay, ling Hymns, and oi-
ler Sacrifices to their (kxis. I Ic who has done the l;.x-
Eloit, is liKikcd u[>on ever after as an extraordinary Man,
as [urtieular Revcfrnee paid him by all the rell, and he
pefervcs the I l-at', or Pike ol i s Knmiy, as a moll ptc-
tioi;s Ktliek in his 1 amily, which they value liey^nd any
Gold or Sliver. No Lxxiy here claims any Pretcrciue alxivc
anotiier, more '.han what is allowed to Ajjc. I'.ach Vil-
lage biiiip governed by twelve Senators, cholcn every two
■^ ears int ut t!'.-- mult ageti Peiluns, who arc not invelled
with an) inhrf I'lwu, or Amhonty, than that tif tailing
tOiJcthc; .? whole Village in one ot their Temples, and
projxjli.j^, l«» th;i'\ i\nat they think ureliary to l)c done,
n. -.1 .'y ufe cS .':i iheir I-.kK]i)enee ot which they ha\'c
fuiiicKnr Shojc hcfiowed ijjx)n thcnj by Nature) to jxr-
•'.lade 'he Chif f oi the I-'amilics there prelent, to a Lorn-
|.'..incc wir'> V, hat lias Ixrn pfojioled to them, whish they
a<e a; Lu city ti ; apt cl, or rejeCt, according a^ they
rhink }i\.

The up.ly Power thole Senators arc inverted with, con-
riis in t','5, that ti.cy lee the Commands ot their tcmalc
I'riclls jut m i'.xaution, take lare that SatistaCtion may
l< given -J luch as are injuicd, not by any cori>oral Pu-
nilhmcnts, li.r by cnioijiing them to give c Piece ot Cloth,
Deet-lki:^ iun.c Km, or pcrh..ps a Pot of lUong laquor,
as an Attei.cmeiit to their AdvciUncii lur tholi; Magif-
tratcs I'.avc no Power to punillj Murder, 'Phett, or Adul-
tery. In the lirit cale the Malta is coiiimoiily cum[xj|ed
by the Mei'.ut:on ol tiie Relations on bjth Sides, ll any
one bi- roblnrd, he gixs, accompanied by his tricnds, to the
Hoiilc ct tiiiu who has llolcn his Cjoods, and witii ihtir
Air.:Uncc forces him to make aiA immeiiiate Rep-aration •,
aiAi what IS agreed ujxjo Lctwixt them, he caincs away
with him to his own Huulc. In cafe of Adultc ry, the in-
jured Hulliand goes, without any larther Ceremony, to the
Dwelhng-j lace ol his Wife's C.^allant, take from him two
or thrt( pigs, m Sau.siaCtion of the AdVont put u(X/n him.
^Ve tol.l you Lietoie, that there is no UitiVrcritc ol Condi-
tion among them, whah is I'o ablolut'./ tru' , that
the Vfiy Names ot Mailers and Servants u-c not To n.ueh
AS known among them. All the Rel'ix-ct ihry jwy one to
another li i;i regard to ol,! :\y , whiili li in to high Kf-
t em air.iing them, that a young Man meeting an old
orr, gfK-s »,ut of his \V.iy, an.i tuns his Back (o him.,
nil he IS palTid ; n.'.y, luch is ihi Refpr^. .he young Peo-
ple (h< » ti> aged Perlons, that they will not idule them
tably a: y tlung they delirc, iho' it Ihould Ix- to go three
f.f toi.r I .eagiirs ujkjh their Hufintls. Men are tvjrl)ul to
;:.uriy till ihcy an at leall iwnity Veati ol Age. They
i;i>n't let their liuii giuw lx;low their l'.ais till after Sc-
vertcen, ai:d Killead ot .ScUUrs, (r Razors, make ulc of

n;;.:

a t-hi'p; .■ 'fikniic, with wi.,di they i.ut it ujxjn a Piece ol
WcM.i; 1 .,c llair c! their licaidi they liiaw out with
Lra;s Pi.xn!.

Ma'dsaiway:, let their Hair grow, at. I may many .is
foo;i ,.i thf-v can. '1 he Cui.rtll.ip is |.criu;!ued by the
)'i'V^ Mill's tc.iuic Rilatio.'i', whom he ii:idi to the
)<.i.r,('. V. (,:iu!,'b Rrlatums, or I'nrnds, to Ihew them
what \,'. liiui.ds to Ixliow u\nax\ his Milircli, whu !i it it
V ackCjtcd ot, the Matih u iiud',, 4nd h: may tuiiiuia-

mate the Marriage the next Hay if he pleafr 'P|,e P,-
ients commonly ollered to the Bride c(,i,lifl in fonieSlV
or Cahcoe Scarts the Women wear tound the VV,i '
lomc Waillcoats, Bracelets of Cane, ten or twelves Um'n.'
ot Dccrs J lorn, tour or live coarfr Cloth Cnll,.' {urn-
little \edments made of iJog's Ihir; lume drnfl Gar
tiients, a U;ig ot Dog's Hair, and tour or live I'airof
Stockings ol Uetr-lkin, amounting jierhaps in all to ab^ut
140 Crowns-, the poorer tort are content with aPrfiirt
ot a few Braielets, and two or three Ij.ifinoi.-.s n,t amount
ingt<' ilxwe three or tour Crowns. When tin .\larrui-c
is to Lh eonlummatcd, the Bridegroom gets into |■,l^ Mi(.
trels's Pathei's Houlc by nealth, at Night, and N^,t'„ou
being lecn by any body, ami lo creeps into her Bed, He
continues thu. tor many Years alter, always coii-ing uuo
the Houlc at Night, and going tlanee in the MMiim.j,
belorc Day-hght, the Wife living all thu wlnlc in iLc 1 i-
tiler's Houle, till her llulbandk turty \ e.irs of Af.e, hiiU
never Ice one another by Day, unlels llie happen to'bi; 11
Home alone, or ellc m the FieUl. Phc W»inen are ob-
liged not to tiling any Children into the W unci till liicy
are thuiy-tive, or thiity lix Years ol Age, but celhov j||
their ChiKitcn in the Womb, tiy e luling mx ol I'h ir
I'rulUlR'., to kneel upon their [VWk-^ cIi day ,,.,„|i^. j„
Alxiition,

As their Marriages arc loon m.ido, fo they aic as loon
diliolved i tor it they grow weary ot one aiiotlier, they
may divorce ; which l.ilK-rty is equally allowed to t;oth
Parties, with this DilVerencr only, tli.it it die liullMiid
lends away his Wile without any C.iiile, Ihe kccp> the
Prehntb he has given tier Ixlore Mairiagc ; but it lor .Viul-
tcry, or any other Aliront otieied to hiir., ihe u oin.i'd
to make Rellitution. No Marriages arc contr.urted aiiiun"
diem withm the fourth Degree ot Conlanguimiy, e. .Arii-
nity. Their Houies arc generally large, and Ixtter bidt
than is common in tlie Indies, with lour Do(Hs to ca.ii
Ciyaitcr ot the Heavens : Some have two Doors in ,1
Side •, they arc commonly railed live or lix Ici t from the
Ciround, and three or tour Stories high. I'hrir Furniture
conlitls in ibmc wild Boars and Deers Hta«.!s, or loii.c
other Relicks, taken from their F.nemits, are their chid
Ornaments* the rcll conlills in IXer-lkins, which they u'.-:
inllead of hcather-lxrds, certain Siutrs with which ti. y
cover themltlves, a S|<ade, I'lke, Bow, Arrows, uwoihitn
Trough inllead of our Dilhes, or earthen l^riukingli.;',
and a I'ot to boil their Rice m, which is their oniipary
l-ixx\ and this is all. I'hough they have no rerLtm lJj\i
appointed tor Devotion, yet tl^ey meet at let 1 imc< lo
make giJodClnat, di^xialiy every tju.imr, in liuir Tt: •
pies, w.'ieic the \S'o:ikii alio apjx.ir in a very (xij P; ■
made ot l)og'^ I lair , for here, ii.:iead of Wool, they cu:
off the IXig'i Hair once a Year, and aUei they have cl\f '
them red, make certain StutVs ot their, which tlity vaiuj
as iriUvh as wc do our tiimlon Velvet >.

1 heir Ccrtmuni-. • u'ed after the D.ath ul tiieir IVicr..;-,
arc kaicc to be parjhei. d m llilloiyi lor r.o fuor.er •-
any o;:; dead. Inn by Be.it ot Drum, made ui the rf.,ii.%
ol a great Free, tiuy gite Notice thrrcut to the \ illag; ,
u^\)i\ which all the I'eople rcpai: immcdi.«eiy to the Houk-
ot ihc iVccalcd, and aiin/ng the rell the Women, at;;-:
they ."uvv plentii.iily diankol Arrack, tail i» Dan ;ng ve-
ry llow^y, iijxjii great fm|)ty Ctielt-, whkh nuke ai'o!'
tul Nuilr, to rxpicls their Soiiow at th; l>cpjiture ot !!,-;r
dcccalcd Frictid. l-.ight or ten Wu;ii( n l.4Viiig thui dai. . !
for lome lime, with their Backs turned to one anu.'l.T,
they give Wa) to (jtheis, who cohtiniic ihe lame Fxcu ;■,
whicii lalls Hi all t\^o I ioi.r<. 1 he next l).iy P(epi.'j:..':i
is nude lur the tuiuial Rite^ whuh ar;- (v itoninJ, :■■'■
by burying, or burning the Corp', as cthir N.ii ■ i' >:-•
but by drying it in the loll'jwing Maniirr. I'hcy ra !■. -. ' i;!
ol a S<aliold ol Canes, live or lix 1 t;t h.r;i, i > '•'• !'
they l.dltn the Ktidy by the Hands and li i, aa.l '■■-> -y
It, iiy making a jvcxl Fire round abcJUt it, v<.ii;.h f.ii's i-i.-
whuic Day Si during whu h Fiiiie tht y l.iciilice i. >.:•■.. i 1 !'■
and teall upon i!k llelh, walhiiig the Bu.!;. v:!V !>'?'
Alter the F.xpiiauuii ol the i.uie Da)s, tin; ; i'C .1 '.;;<•.
another Scair.-i,', wf »p|>ed in a .M.ir, and I. vci li tiat.i ^i.-,
whrre It icnuii.ti 1 II the thiid Y- ,ii ; th :i lii.vtAv- < '<.'•
the Bunc:., and b:.iy Ui.tu in iht tati u IL ■'■ \ ■■> di ''' ■■

L-llloe, Book I. I Chap. II. through the greatefl Part <?/ //j^ E A S T - 1 N D I E S. 795

»nr

Jc iimhft in fomeSilk
lound tlii: \v.,n,..

wear

ten or twelves Kino^

t- eioili („rdl,s Uw

'It Ciar-

larl
II

and lour or live I'airol'

ij; i'crlups m all k, ab-Ait

r OMitcut witli aPrci.ri

cclj,ifiiici,:s Kiiamouiii-

^Vh(•^ c:i> Marruge

gtoom gets into Ins M,r.

. at Nu{lit, ami Without

irccps into iior Bi-J. [\^

ittiT, alwayi loin-ig ,„(„

; tliinu- ii) tho Mnimnp

y\i, .ill tin* w Ink- in the 1 4-

it tuny Vfirsoi Ari-, ,;,j

Illicit liic iuijpcn to be 11

I. riic Woiiicn areob-

into the \\ una tilJ ihcy

rs ut Aj'.c, but iifllu.v all

l>y tuilini; oix dl t'l, ,(

B<l!iti t;li tluy utile an

imlc, fo tlity .iii; as lonn
ary ol one .ir.othu-, they

iiiiLilly allowul to huth
ily, that it the liulhand
my C'.iiilo, Die kiLi)-, nie
vlairi.i[;<. ; but It lor .\,:ul-
i\\ tu liiir,, llie Is uii.-il
a^^cs arc co(Ur.k:teil .niiuiig
t\ Conlatmiiimty, ( . Aiii-
Jly large, and kttcr bu.lt
witli Jour Daus to ia.:i
ic have two Doori in a

live or lix Ici t from tiic
Ls high. I'hfir luriv.ture
i iX-ers Hiai's, or loi;,-
r l-.ncniKs art- ihcir chm
tXer-lkins, which thty u!;
11 Siulfs with which ti:y
:, Bow, ArioA'S a W0()>irn
or earthen l)n.ikir\:;ti,j',
1, whieh IS tiicir ordinary
they have no riitaiii l)j\?
icy intct .It kt I !inc< lo
■ry Oii.iiu r, la tli.'r I'e;:;-
[ilH.ir in a very txiu W <

ii.;!ead ot Woiil, they c;;:
, and dt:ti they have u\r
)t ihcii', whuh tlity vaiu:
p'clv.r,.
[he I), aiii ul tiieir 1 rit;... ,

lilluiy i lor 1.0 loor.cr ..
.)iuni, made ut the VvMr^
i(.e thrreut to the X illag: ,

immediately to th: Hoiu:
he rell the Woiiien, a;t":
Irrack, tall tJ DaiiJi'.g v^'-
helt>, \s)iw\\ nuke a I'ol'
w ut th. iVj-aitiire it \\r\:
iVoiiKii htViii^ tliuidai. . !
ks turnc ! to one a.ivjt'.T,
loiitiiiiie the liine 1-.Xli>. . ,

1 he next l>.iy Pie[Mra:.-o
wh,.(i .ir;- jiidorir-J, r^:
orp', d'. tthtr .N.i:.- i'. >-.'.
M.ii;;.e:. Ih: y rak iVr: !
r |ix I t.-t h.r;!, I' « !'
ands and li i, 3;k1 :■-' •■y

id .ibvAi: It, Wlit-h.'.li'^ ! 1--

• thty l.iLiilitc !.>.:. '.1 1 \ ■':,
liiiij. the Ik'.l. ^-i) '•'*■
le I )ay^, ihi ■ ; 1'^' •' '■■'. '
M.ir, and K Vt; li tia'.; .-..•.
y. i: i th !i tii.k' !a'v- ' '•:

lnU'i'-lk :■, ..'th I'f-

fence of their Fncnd.i, who make merry again with Fcaft- It is divided into nftcen great Provinces, among which,

ing and Uan- ihr. fix, viz. thofe of Peking, Xanciwg, Kiangtm, or Nan-

They have Icarce any Religion •. for as they can neither king, Clekiwi, lokien, and i:^nnglun^, extend along the

write nor read, whatever they have of thi-. kind is found- Sea-fide, the otiiernincbeinginland Provinces, fiveof which,

tJ merely upon Tradition-, hence it is that they believe viz. thofe of ,<;VMwy?, Kiang^fi, Huquang, Honmi, lie to tho

the Eternity ol the World, and the Immortality of the Kail, Xamft, Siichuau, l^echan, andjuanan, to the Well.

Soul, which they affirm Ihall hnd Good or Evil in the The Provinces of Leatung, and Corea, which ate ori the

■"'■'■■ i.',(V r.j„ ,t,..,«. i..L.,i /-.I ■ _ ^11 ...i.' L .-w_

Other Life, according to their Merits in this. What AAions
are accounted amongll us the moft criminal, are taken for
(lender TrcfpalFcs among them, vtz. Murder, Theft, and
Adultery, tor as for I'ornication, it is not fo much as
looked upon as a -Sin •, and if a young Man can get a I'a-
vour of his Neighbour's Wife, it isconlidered but as a ve

Eaif-fide, don't properly belong to China; all which cBn-
tain one hunilred and forty-five great Cities, ami 1265
others, which would pals for confiderablc Cities cllowhete.
Their Cities are for the moft Part built after the fame la-
Ihion, fquare, with two large Streets, dividing the whole
into tour Qiiartcrs, like a perfedt Crofs •, fo that from the
ry flight Otlcnce, becaufe they arc not permitted to mar- Centre of each Place you may view the four Gattfs of it.
ry till they are twenty, or twenty-one Years of Age. 'I'he They are fortified with broad brick Walls, and Banked
(Treareft Crimes among them, and of which the Magif- with Towers, after the ancient Roman Falhion, plaiftercd
t'rates take Notice, arc to cover their privy Parts, at ter- over with the fame Earth they make their Porcelain of,

which in Time grows as hard as Stone, and prcfcrvcs the
Walls againlt the Injury of the Air. It has been com-
puted, that fomc of them have Hood 2000 Years, without
any conliderable Change. I'heir Houtes are very neatly
and conveniently built, with Gardens, Orchards, Groves,
Fountains, and all other Convcniencies and Ornaments,
their Architefturc exceeding that «f the bell Matters of
Europe. Thty are of all Nations of the World the molt

tain Times of the Year, when they fliould not-, to wear

at certain Times lilk Garments, when only Calicoc are al-
lowed them, and not to deltroy the Fruit in the Mother's

Womb, bftore flic arrives to the Age ot thirty-five. A-

inong feveral Deities, they have two that have the Prehe-

minency over tiie rell, z-tz. one Tamigafan/jacb, and the other

called Siiruitfingk. The iirll, whole Refidencc they place

in the South, is the Giver ot all good and profitable things

to M.inkindi the other, unto whom they alTign the North, carclul in Paving, and keeping their Highways, and pro-

they lay, dellroys all what the tormer is plealed to beftow viding all Necellijiies lor the Accommodation of Travci-

on Man ; for which Realbn they worlhip both, one for lers throughout.

doing them Good, the other, that he may uo them no The whole I'mplre, is of fo vaft an Extent, that the

} larni. Inhabitants of the Province of i^l'io'gtung lying on the

1 hey have amongO others two Gods nameil Talafulas torrid Zone, arc as black as ilic Afrtcan Moors, whereas

thofe of the Province of Poking, wliieh is moft northerly,
are as white as the Germans ; which DilVerencc is alio obfer-
vable in their Fruits the fouthern Provinces producing all

-and ■lapuUiipc, who, as they are accounted the Patrons
ot Wairiors, are adored only by thole Men. They have
this IVruliar, that their religious Ceremonies are pertorm-
cd liy Women, which they call Juibs. Their Worftup
tonlills in Prayers and .Sacritices ot Hogs, Areca, Deer
and Wild-B<jars Heads, as alio fume of the;r Liquors. Al-
ter they have fealled very well, the Pnellelfes rile, and
nuitteiii:p, .ertain Prayers turn up their l-'.yes, and at Lift
tall to the Ground, with dreadful Cries. Sometime alter
they he immoveable, like one in a Trance, lor an Hour;

fiich Fruits as tlie Indies afford, whereas the more norther-
ly Parts h.ive plenty of European Fruits, Belides this,
China abounds in (jold, Silver, precious Stones, Mufk,
Silk, S.alt, rich Gums, and Drugs, Rice, and Corn, for
moli of which they are ticholden to Nature ; yet muft ic
be withal confefled, that the Induftry ol tlie Inhabitants,
and the ealy Government they live under, is a vaft Addi-

during whicli Time tluv fay, they have an Interview with tion to what thty are obliged to Nature for, there being

theirliods. This being over, they climb up to the Top of "' "" " ■"* ' '" '"■""

the Temple, w k trom one End to the other, and after
they have laid i..eir Prayers again, ftrip themlelves ftark-
iiaked, cxpole their is..ked Bodies, and walh them in the
Pretence ot all the StanJers-by, of both Sexes t'lu' but
fw Men aliitf at this kind i>\ 1 )evotion, and the Women have
generally taken lb much llrong Liquor, that they learce
l«rccive what palTes. I'hele 'Juws alii) pretend to foretel
things to come, and to banilh the evil Spirits. For the
reft, each Houle ii.is a peculiar Place tor the private De-
votions of the Family, which are performed tor the moft

Part by Women, who make OliVrings to their tJods of

vhat is fpcnt every Day in the Houle, as they do upon

certain Altars, erected for th.ii I'urpotJ uiion the great

Koad'..

17. The Chinei'c Empire being of io vaft an Extent,

th.U a moderate Account of it would tak-- up a large Vo-
lume, we will content ourlclvcs to give only a Scheme of

:t liere, leaving a moie ample Delcription to thole who

()! late Years have had the Opi-ortuniiy of taking a full

V lew of it. It IS certain, that this vaft Kingdom of Chi-

h.i Ccalled Qitv<:\ liy the Tcirlars, and CI;in;^/:ou, or Chun-

u;i,\. f. middle Kinivlom, by the Ciwejc) is the utmoft

Provimr ot all /Ijia' H> the I'.all, h.iving lieyond it no

<,ther B.;rder5 but the ii-i, tor this iiealoii called by the

CLntjc tuHi-, I. e. ol the Fall. I'o the North its Fron-
tiers extcnd'all alung the Gn.u Taruiry, trom which it is

d.vuled by a Ruige ot '^^roit Mountaiiis i and where that

la.b, by the lamous C<'/«./.' Wall, which begins upon the

Ct ulinis of tiu Provi-.ce of J.cauluiig, ami extends to the

Kin::dom ol Tibet,

not a Fen, Marlh, nay, nut a Mountain, but what is plant-
ed, cultivated, or put to Icme ufe or other, no Crime be-
ing more heinous in China than Idlenefs. The Country
of China does not only produce all forts of living Crea-
tures, but alio all the Fruits and Simples we have in Eu-
rope, but much better, and in greater Plenty, and are
conlequentiy fuld at a very cheap Rate ; nay, even Spices
are fo cheap here, that you may buy four hundred Nut-
megs for a Crown, an<f two Pounds ot Cloves for Flalf-a-
Crown ; and the valt Quantities of Silk it produces, may
Lx; guelfcd at from what is exported thence into foreign
Countries. As the Country is full of Rivers, lb they
abound in Filli, whicli they catch by the Flelp of Cormo-
rants, of which they have vaft Numbers here. They tie
a Stiing round their Necks, above their -Stomachs, fo tha:
after they have filled their Bags, which hang uiuler then
'i'hroats,' with Filh, they are forced to dilgorgc what
they have taken, into the Boat, unto which they aro
fafteneil.

They have alfo a peculiar Way of breeding Ducks ri
prodigious Qiiantuics-, of thef- they keep thiee or lour
thouland m -Cages of Canes, let at the Sterns of great
Boats, and let them out every Day to go alliore, and pic'.c
the Weeils from amongit the Rice, und towards I'.venmg,
call them to their C.iges by a Whilllc, the Sound of whicli
brings them back to the veiy Boat unto which they be-
long. Their Duck F.ggs they hatch in Dung, and aftcr-
war^ls put the young ones under the Wings ot the old
Duck in the Cages. This Way uf Bivcdiag makes tiieiii
16 cheap, that they 1; 11 live or lix tor Fwo Pence.
The Chinefi Women are generally well-fti.iiJec

and

vciUiw kivtr iiiioii the Frontiers of the Kin^uom o , ., . . ~ ., . 1 l 1 l-

iWnln e^ uc iu 1 en-th to th.e Welt. It borders a good Sue •. but the Men are ll.it-noled, with arge \-,

end-

upon the Kiiigdums ot Ku:i:;c

and ,S. W. ujion C ««</.•:'■.., and th.' -"lea, comiTelie
nil' in its Length all the luuthein P.u.^ betwixt the 1 >/
ai.dthc 160', iii.iknig |H*.Li.^>/wy/j Uagues ui Length,
;;ii.i three liiuUlJiid 1.1 VuiiipaU.

not either then Hair, or their N.iils, on tlic left Side.
'I'heir Cloathim; is .iltogether of the fame Faftiion, with
this Ditference 'onlv, tiiat in the nouhern Pioviiv.i ihiy
■'le Furs, whereas in the foutliein Parti they commonly

%:'^\

wear

7y6

7 hi I'ojiiiiis ivui O/'Jirvaiions of ]. A. dc Mandclluu., |>^,(^^,|^ j

i!i^

"»::; 'i

I t;:-

M ,-

;'• •>

'i ^ •

wear

tiik Thf Woimn aic very mojl^nitirdnf in thrii
Apjurrl, jrui wear .ilmmLuur ( t Jiwils jiiil IVaiU. 1 lny
an very renurk.iMc lor their litilc Ftrt. Thiy I Woni
»Y\)tix Al)ix)4il, ail. I when tvir they vilit thtir Ucluiunis,
it 1^ tlonc in cloU I'-tianiu '•/, or 1 itliis. The i.hHif( are
I'o quick, not only in ^it lortj ut MunufaCturci, Init alio
in iheir Way i.l I taiiint^, that haitc any licdy is .i!de to
ovcrrcaih them. 'I hnr Momy is Gold ami Silver, whu h
jjaflVs altogether hy \V>.Hiit. 1 1'cy are lo laretul in |)io-
viiting tor the I'oor, that in caih City a Jik1i;c i> .ijj'oint-
t.l to jirovule tor liu- KiiicI ol liKh a* aic uiuWc lo jno-
vule lor thcmlelvi*, and to Jet to work lucii as are iii a
C«iutity to get tl)cir H:<.m\.

t\: there arc Bovkj extant in G/'iM, wliich have l>ecn
|>rintcii alx)vc Irvcn humlred Years a[V>i it i^ certain tlut
liiey iiivcnteii the MyHrry ol J'tiPtinj; Ulore us lincc it
was rot ililtovert.l iii /•-.vrj,"'' '"' 'k ' '•. "'^"' '-harjctcri
are rather Figures, liRniiyiiiir, eettaiii Woi.li th.in Letter*,
which ihey writ. Iiviii ilie l<'i> liuwux^artii, not with
I'euJ, liut with I'cimI.', ai J thit on one .S«le only, their
PajKr, wliich tlicy nuke ol i'.x Bark ol Jiaml>ce Canes Ik-
inp veiy thin. 1 'n I in|)cr<ir niaiiitains at hi) own Ctur^e
many Jxhools aiul AiaJtinii.. the over (i^ht ol whim is
coniinitta! to \ ut. is wht«, at certain I inics, n(;t only ex-
amine the Protcliors and Nholars, dr\i.\ expel UkU as arc
i.ot qoaliiittl lor iiciidies, Imt alio promote Huh as have
ruJr a lu?V;cknt I'rogreh in la-an ing, to tlie IXj^rce tjl a
y^i,;.:, a l)ii;:..tv l.kc oiir UaJIois They are very cere-
mimiuus and (.'inimt; i:i their Converlation, in which
I'lint they aie lo mte, that the lull U'li'iinrnts ol laarn-
inj; ptvcn to tlieu Youth's, are iiit«!!> Ik-oks ol Coinpii
nienti. 1 hen lnterta;nnRn':i are very n'.aj^iurKeiit, m
winch ihty have this jixuliai, tlut thty lit m many Ia
bl' s as ihey luvc tmrlls. 1 heir Meats ;ire iVrvcd up ei-
ther i:i I'latei, or roieclain. 'nuy have linail L\i[^, lie-
caii!'. tltcy I'.nnk otien, Lut no Napkiiu, and they Ire-
qt l.tiv lend I Ionic to their dutlU wliut Meats aix lett
vintjiKhf.l u|x)n the Tables, and are tlpeually »arclul
i.i eiinruining AniLuiTudors with more than ordinary
Kifix-xt.

Tluy alk)w I'oligamy, but purii(h feven ly IiKtrt, which
is fetr'u^den m a liirtilt l..ine to Intiiiity, am! in ti.e Coiia-
l,rai l.:ne to Silhrs atul Niecf^ i he lull, however, : . the
vr.'.y lawtui Wile, wiioii cidcli Si ii inherits lull iit the I ihte
ci liw l-aihrr -, I ut on his Dcnnle, tlveJiUlt Son of tiic next
W'.ic hai the umc rre-eniinuuy Adiiitiry, th«iij;h it Ua
cap. ta' Crime here, vrt is 'eidtiii hrai.i ol, paitiy hy i.-aronol
ihi' preat Kctlrx t i(ie \S dminarc- kept uniicr, partly l>eeaule
the Ci'iut'c arc lu wii:, as rai!ier to nuke the l)cil ol Uuii
an Auuieiii,! y an ai;vantaj;<'.us Anrern)cn',thaji toexixjle
thcinklve*, by pMbll^i•ll^^ their own Dilgratc. rhouf;ii
che (jovcrntneiit (/I CI- Ha Ix- not oi.ly nvjiiarthical, but alio
dcrf<>tii.al, yet It IS ol'lcrved, tiut even in tlmle Nacoiu
wh:i h rii|<jy tht titiatitl IJej^rcc ol l.itvr'v in Eurcft, aje
iiunh mote butihmeu wiih laxci than the Litntj.:, whitii
ihuiiy proceeds lioni thi» fuiulanii ntal Maxim iruprjiitci!
i'l t!ie^ Ivinp, liut ai War \t ileltnictiw, and tiic ch.el
mcj ,s t'> :injxjverilh a Nation, th-y out;ht not to enter
li|x)". :t. m oi !cr ri> cxtci;.' the Limits, or make any Con-
qix'.'s; liir whidi k^.4.un it r, that, to avoid ail CK^al'ion
t)t Coiitfl' w.'..; I-ufti:.:/:crs t';t CJunrJf ate Ijrbiddcn t'lgo
c.'it 1 1 th'' kir.fiJom without laccnic Irom the hmjictui, or
ihc Gv vrrnof ol th? I'rovince *li;ic tluy Owtll.

i'hr t ) Itrt Siin always lui k cdv t.'ic I athcr in tfic Throne,
the you;i^',dl Son» having only certain Ajwnagis, with
llic Tuk» of Kin^s allowed them \ lut have not the Icall
Slj.iri- i.i tiic Ai;ii.iwltratioi ol the (riveriinent, btirvj;
ur.det the JanK.iaion, or raihcr Jr.lpcaion i.t the Ciover-
iior '.)t thf. I'roViTct where they k lidc, who juys iheiii ft.nr
A'luv'.ince quarUriy. Tiie liiid Q.aicil ol State coiuiiU
lit tssiivc C^juiicilofi, aad a I'relidtr.t ; beiidri wlncli, thirc
;/- :■! ino'f el ihr j',rrai Citiri l.x Comnuliioncrs. 'Ihe
t'..; lor 111- A hiiii.iitiain.ii i>' joiiiet. , the leeon i h^r il.e
H V rur^ i d-.c thud t>r the LcrcmoiULS ; the lourth lor
n...:iial Aiiain i ijie titch lor ImvrymR the jHiblitk '-.'luc-
t '■'.'■ . and the Sixth lor Criirmal Cole*, lo prcvcit the
Mi::;.4iu;.iinu'nt c! the tj> vrnor.. uud ihr Corriiption o!
y.i V, -. ai...: (j'AwT O.Yv I rs t!'.-.- Ku... !■, udi is < ry three Veau
tKiuin V'lUio:. iniu ilic i'ruv^i.u^t, wiio, Jdi^a liavin;; ukcr.

an Account ol their I'ranlad
chaii|',e

lenr. "

^rilonj, wherewith all the rrratt ni.sarcprrvl'lH
llrictly kept » hut at tlu lame time svaui i^ „ J

lencics. Inch aj Courts, (.,,rd(ns, l\i,njs W,lks
the Divertilement ol the I'liionrrs and iVinkin..'

... , , ''•"•■<""i% mal-.c a laithful !<riv,„

to the Kiiij;, who cluii|',e.. the OHi ,rs (,| ,(,, i, ^'^
every three Years, widi this Cireumlu'etKin tlutT'"''"'
nevei any Orticerol Note is lent but into a l-rnv',,,,,., ~ '"
Horn the Place ol his B„th. Debt... ..re pnn.heAyS
cruel DrubbinRs. which makes ih.-m raiher eh.H,lc m n
th.-mlelvci to their Creditors, tluii to undergo thn kin.l .
I'liniftimenr. ' "'

Ihc Prilbnj, wherewith
are very
Convenienci

t5.. tor u.r i-YiiKiiu-iu u, i„e niiunrrs .„u| Mrinkin'.
houfes, aiKl Cooks bhopj, tor tluir Coiivc;ii,„ri„ ^'
ScnteiKcof I>ath is executed witluuit a Warrint trum t'l-
I-'.mjxTor, and thit mull be done in the l'rr\frnv „\ tV
Judpc, who are lo nice la this Point, that iliey .iilow'a
veiy eonrulerable Time l>etwixt the C"omlrmniii„n ant
Ijcecuiion, make divers \ ill« to t!,,. H,i,„M,rs, ami rxi.
mine tiKm w.hethcr tlicv have any thinp; to allniW in fhrir
Ik-half V by which Dlavs it hap|)ens, that more Mald.,f.
tors die in I'rilon than are executed. 'I heir ordnury i>y
nilhroentJ are Hangir.j/, Impaling/, iin,| Murmic, alive i h-
the latl IS only in Cates <.l Hip.h- 1 nalon. I Incvei'tli,.^
I.iy u|«)!i thiir Iklhej with thtir Mam!', tied hack, and Ij
the l.xeiutioiRTS Uat them witli Canes iiioiileicl v.i'ii
Water uix.n the Call of their Le{;s, with (iich Vuleiice, ;lat
they Ircquently « x) iic under their Handi.

I he Cttnrjc are htgans, thour.Ii loin? Authors I m
taken a great ileal ol I'ains to fietUiaiii tlic Woriil thar r'uy
found lome Ktiiiiiaiits ol t hnllianiiy anicii}^ tin in w'i.',
they lay we uuroiiuced there by tiie Apoille .V/. T/frw. ,
They .icknowlcpe the 1 leavens tor the Creator and (i;-:
liovemor ol the Univtrle, which u m.ina'vd hy a \, ~.
gerent called Luiycian Izdatr/, Unto whom tluy' | jy t;.
grcitelt VencLitiDn next to the Sun. The next Diviruv;',
calli.l i'.aafuy, unto whom they amibute the Ouvirni!;'..-,;
of ail lublunaiy Thin^^s. They allot to tliele three D.v;-.
ties as nuny great Minillcrs, viz. fiinju.w:, who p:c,i Icj
over the Air i Idquam, vshole bufinef-. is to look altrrt'n
Generation ol Men, and all hviii; Creatures, as wdlaitl;*
ProiluCts ol the I'jrth, and 'J zii:ijUiim, tli ■ chief I'atron c :
tlie .Sea. Th'.y have aUo three lamuus .Saints; the lir:;
i.ilied .i'<ii-;.r, I'ouniier ol all the rehf^ioti-. Or.lirsot L .::i
Sexes, ol whieli there are ^;reat Nuiiilxri in Q/dj j ;:-
other two arc Icmalis called i;J«<j/;i«<i and Numa. '\:.:
Ctmrfe arc alio much addicled to Incantation, and adcr;
the lievd. They bdieve tne Immortahty ol t'le Sou!,
whuh li communicated to it by Heaven, and tlut it (hid
cither enjoy eternal hrhciiy or Torments, accorJiiu; to t!,e
good or luii Actions done in thii Wtirld i lor wIiilIi Kcak:i
It IS th.it they alT.yi a certain Place of Alxxlc rot iinlik;
Pulsatory to the Soul, alter iis iJeparture lioin th.- Bi'i'y :
Tilt re It IS purj?,eil Irom its Sins, anil, by th; Imcrceiriyo ot
itv Relations aiii! Kriem's, may I* eaLd in iis Suiilri" ••.
Mary ol them alii* ai'.here to the Opinion of the rrarlni;-
^',rat>on ol the .Soul, which they deiive from t!ie ln.l-.ani.

T.'irii CJrilerv ot relij.iwu^ Men have oi'.c (ieiieral reliiir'g
in the City ol Xuntitn, who has under him liveral i'ruv::!-
tials, and tlich- under them the Su|)cri()rs and ( niar.h.iiMjt
their rclpectivc Monattenes. They make ul-.- ct Q^:x^^\
and keep to their conltant Mattins and O/iicfs, n(jt iinik;
thr Monks in Itirepc. The eUlell S<jr.s aniun;;!! the Ch,-
Kill aic not jx-rmitied to enter into relijjious Oi.iers, a;ii
lucii as have, may (jii:t them at Plealiire, arid m iiry, a>, :tmv
ail tri«- rc!l, who have embraced a inoiu'.luk lal--. A, tj
iheir I-uneral Kites, the LLinfie ssalh tin- i\cM\ 1J<). .'S, ; .:
them HI a Ci/fiii ol U'ect Wood well eloleO, and 1 i i.";j
them ii|>un a I able lilicrii Days-, I'.urii-.^ winch I i;T ' t.';;
Prielts, sslio come theie to lini^ and pray ovirrhr l)i',
are leallcd with Wine and l-init ; their fVilineS it is Vi :'.-
tw them alter ihc Pxi'iraiion ol theic lil;<.-eri Uays, wli.^h
1'. i.omu>otiiy done in the Cuuntry, near a Pin -tree, and it
that be not to Ik- tound, they plant one on [ n:\vk. 1 lu'.r
M'luriuii!; IS veiy dole, in toarle I. loth, aiai Hats w:t i
a Cord tad .dx>ut ihiir Middle: Sons tontii-'..c ih:^ lur twj
Y'e.irs, and thr other Relations pro(V;rtioti ib;v.

1 he tirlt time the •Jurtun biokc ihi<u.",'i tli- fe;*^ .'
Wail w.u. Ill fill, when thiy mai!t ihen.liws .M...ui^ < t
all ij.c C'Ji.try, and rcmamcJ in PulLiiioii o! it '.lil !•'•'•

V.]..il

clluuj.

liook I.

"'• "^■'••«'^l''"M^;lI<frK),i
; "■'' "^ "I .(.. J'ruvincc
^irai.nliK-tlii.n. i|m f^, ^j

lniimtaal'n,vimcrcrr,c,:

tl)t<ir»,irc-piini:l,c,||,y„n,|^

fli'in uiIkt ch(h,k- (oft-ii

ircrfattjti<-5arrpr,)vi,|<.,l,
till' lame tmu- wjiit mn ji.y
, (■irilrns, I'onds Walks,
K- I'lilon.Ts, .iiul Drinkin;-'
the If Coiivc;ii(iiric. fi;',
.•ithoiit II W.iirint from tli.-

• iiir in tlic I'r.lfmT „t tik-
is I'oint, that iliey .iilow a
ixt the Omilcmn itioii an. I

to t!ir hii-.tirrs am! rxi.
any thiiii» to allri!>'cin tlmr
il'jK-fiS ihjt more Mald.ir.
iitril. 'I hiir (irdiiiary Hi:-
iiif;, an<i Itiirniif, alive j h;t
j-,h- I r(aU.n. I Incvnthpy
ir Hanil', titil back, ami b
vit!i I'.i'ics i:«ii|Uti;.1 v.r'i
q-v with iijcli ViA'iicc, tiat
inr HaiiJi.

huur.li loin? Autliors I iv-
icjliuik thf W'orl.l that t'uy
llianity auiciij^ thdu, w'uh

I'y tiif Apoillc .s'/. T^-w., .
r.s tor llif Lri'utof and ih::!
hii-h Ik ni.iiiaivit by a \: :■

Unto whom ihiy pav t';;
r Sill). Thf iKxt Divimiv li
ry atuibutc the Oovcrnm-n;
/ allot to thtk' ihrcc D.vi-j-
.•;z, 'Iiinqu.w:, who prcii Its

biifiiiefi IS to I'juk altrrt'is
l'ni;Crc.«Mrf'., as well a, ihi:
zniquam, th • chid" Patron o;
ret- lamuiis Saints j thi; tir!'.
the rch;;iuu-i Orders ot L';:;i
•f.'.t Nuiiilxrs ill C.tmi; ri:
1 t^ujiiina aiu! N'uina. 1 ".;
cil to Incantation, aiul aiicr;

• Iminoriahty ol t!ie Sou!,
by Ufavin, and that it HuJ
r ToriiuT.ts, actor;lini; to ti.5
lii WurlJ 1 lor wi'.ii-h Keali -i
I) I'lacr ot AKxlc rot iinliL;
IS iJcpartiirf triin thr Kci'y
IS, arut, by tii; IntcrcrlU'j.i or
ay W calcil in its Sutt'irir'.--.
tlio Opinion (/t the Trantnii-
'•y tlciive tro.'O t!l(; li:.'.:anl.
1-11 have o;:c ticiictal rrlisiii'ij
la^k iinJrr him It vcr.il i'ujv:;i-
he SuiHTiois and ( luar.liars ot

'I'htry mako ulc cl ika-.'-s,
attins and OJiicos, not iin:ikc
cidrll ixjr.s aniuHi^ll the C7v
cr into rchjZiODs Oi.icrs, X'll
It I'iciliirc, ai:ti mitry, as in.iy
:eil a mona'.tuk l.il'-. A. tj
<•/<: walh til" ^\^^.\^ iJo'.fi, [ .:
i,od well tlokd, and 1) krrp
Uvii I'.urii'.^ wiiicii I i:r * t''..'
lim; and jray ovir fl.> l)i ',
iWt i their l<ulm(S it is to ':'.-
1 ot tilde lit; rn U.tvs, wh.^h
mtry, luar a I'lr, -inf, and it
' p!j;u one on \ ar, vl". 1 ii-^r
iiarle I. loth, ai.d Hats wit'i
tk : Sol)Sl.olU:^•..cth;•^ luriAj
ins pio|«;riu>ii ibiv.
i.",h thf ("/.': ;.'
y made thcn.I !n.\ Mit-i^ ' •
;J ill I'oll.iiioii oI i: ':ii 1 ■'•'•
v.;..:i

Cl.ap. II. /W(r/j tbegraitcft Part o//^^ E A S T - 1 N D I E S. ^i)-]

whrn th.y Wfri- not oiilv loio-.l Irom tlicnrc, hut alk) the Monfoon, or ordinary Wind ol the Seafon, whiili ii

t)l,li)Vd lo acUnowIi'di'.r ihf SoviTriniity ot the Kmpcror commonly perceived at S or y', tlic South Wind blowing

tl iiniui. About the \ tar rOnu, k'vcii |)owetliil Coloniis fo hard, that we were in tear of bcinR forced back to thii

ol tJK- '/.<»";"■' W'';' l"";;<l "'to one Kinivlnm under the Indtan Coalh It wan not till March the i/;th, that we

Name of AfwJ.c, whole Kitu^ entcird f.7/;;,(, n, if.ir,, with found the Wind changed to the South, when putting our

a powvrlul Amiy. Many bloody i'.iij-ai'.emnits liapiicncd all our Sail, we made two Lcasues in an Hour, and took

aiiiont; the C^-///;.' aii 1 laHmi, el'iK-iially in i6i8, ifii.,, fcveral Dolphins that fwam near our Ship. On the lotli

\{ju\ iOj i, i6rMillai lall in idjOitheTrtr/arj wcrconce wc were becalmed in iG", where we found the Compafs

mure lorceil to (H.it the rolltii'ion ol ilhina^ and to con- decline 30' to the Welt, and li) it continued till the 24th 1

tint themlelvrs with making, InuiilionH, as they lound Op- but as foon as the C,(/)< of Good-Hope is doubled, tiie Load

jKirtunity. Uiit m idi 1 no liliihanrij'.ht Armusof Rob ■ •

lien apiH'annK at oiii.' in the Chnirff I'.mpire, and the
tiraiulecs bcinc divideil info I'ai'lioni, Ibinc ol them called
in the i at Ian 111 tin 11 Aid, and at lall k-trayed the capital
City and tin: laiiiHior to them, who was ilraii{',led in
1O44. Up"" wliicli the iariarif having fpent lome Years
in lediicint; other I'lnvimes thry made themfelv.s al'fo-
lute Mailers of tin- whole i'aiipire by the Lonquell ol the
City of ::!lua»^il)iu, m tlie I'tovinee of ^^uiivift, Nov. 14,
it)jo. Uut it IS now lime to proceed with our Voyage
regularly and ciniimllantially.

iS. We told yoii how we Were l^'ialmcd in the Sight
of the Me ot C'.v/i/w, where wi loniuuicd till tlw 20th of

Hone draws towards the ' all. As we were lloating thui
up and down t!ie 2 ill ol March, our Ship took Fiie, by
the CarclelLnvls of the Uutler, who lit Fire to a Barrel ot
yiqua yutt, as he was removing it. Our fielli Wafer be-
ginr'int: to be li:arce, we made ule of an L.n^ine to draw
trefh W.iter oot of the Sea ; but its 'I'alle being lijiiiewlia'.
tiauteous, it ierved only lor tiie ilredini^ of Meat.

On the 2 2c' we ma-le, by the 1 lelj) of the Monfoon
Winds, two lA'aj'ues an Hoit, \vhi(.h continued th; i^d,
'24th, and 2 -,tli. On the 20th thu' Wind held lliil {iv: -,
but, lor (ear ot a Chai.j^e, and Want of freOi Water, was
relolved to liirect t)ur Courle to Maurice Illand, to tak.- ii:
Kel'rcflimei.ts there. We difcovcred the lame N'^ht the

Itbruary, when the Noith Will Wmd obliged us to (leer lile o\ Dic^o Rj(iri;.'jie-^ in 20° 4S', wiiich lies fixtv l.eagucb

' ' from the iaiu Ilia- I of Mmirice, fo called by tlie liuuh

tromthe i'r'ncc of (\iJ«<f, who was Admiral of the United
Irovii ces at the '1 iine (jf their firll Voyage to the liu.ies,
L.s.Marhour is very fpacious, beiny; able to contain lifty large
VelTiK, ant! commodious, by rcafon of its Depth, which is
a hundred l-'ail.o.n at the lintiance. The high Mounlaitts,
v;\\k\; a'-e covci. d with 'i'rces, may be ften at a great Di-
ihiiice at Si.a. 'I'he Vallics produce Ibme Fruit, rmdabun-
I'aiHe of o;her 'I'ree.s, fome of which are thole that aftbrd
tiie bell I'.oony in tiio World, blaik, red, and yellow j
but the two lall are in the gicateft Elleein, and the Sc.i
alounds in I'ili. The Dutch in their Relations fpeak of a
J horiii-iik tliey caich'-d near this Ide, which found two
l^iOd M-uis lor the whc.ie Shi[i, and I'ortoifes of furh a
Hr'ntfs, that ten Men might lit on one Sh;ll. The Idc
waj quite de'titutc ot Inhatutants at that Time ; but lince
16 LO, the Dnicb have erected a Fort there. It abounds
in Birds -, but is dellitute of four-footed Bialls ; but as tor
Fruits and Water, ir alibi ds 'ulHcicnt Retrelhmcnt to Ships
that are paflng that Way.

File \\ ind contiiiuin[^ tair when we came within Sight
of tliis Illand, a Council w:ts called, in whiih it v.is
agreed not to lo.l- any Time by putting into this Hand,
bu: to continue our Voyage, with all poflible Speed, to
tht Cape of Goril-IIcpr, t" avoid the Uanu;er of being
obliged to Winter in the If and ol Mail,:^^.7jcar. Accord-
ingly we lolt Sipht ot this Itle the fa ne l;ay, and paflecl
the Tropic li or Capricorn March the sotli, lleering our
Courle Welf-Swiith-Well. ylpril the ilt we foun.l our-
felvcs in 20^ y, and alter having made forty leagues, were
becalmed before Nifht. Wc faw the next L)ay divers
Whales, and iln- Weather becoming very llormy, carried
us to the Well-South- Well, our Bufinefs being to ftccr to
the South, and confccpentiy to the Capccf Cood-Hopc. On
the r,th ihe Cimpafs ftill varying, we held our Courfe ilill

our Courfc to the Soiith-I'all, We lound ourl'elves then
2* beyond the F.iiuinoClial I ,iiie, I took tins Oppwru.. .ty
toalk the Mailer ol ihe Ship, whether aecordini; to tiw
vulgar Opinion) I niipjic diliover Uitli the Folis here 5 but
he fuffieiently conviiued ni', that the Antic!; I'olc was not
tobeleen till abmit liK Drp.nrK, an I tin; .Antartiek rot
till eight Uyond the lane, and tli.it when you come to
8 or 10' the Noitli Well Wind n ipns there conl'aiitly for
fix Months, as the Smiili j'all I'o' ■- the oiiier Months of
the Year. Wc law abmulaner ol Unds, (iime white like
Pigeons, others like Wilddutks, and vail Qiiantites of
certain Birds, called by (he I'oriityjrz:, C-'rayos, being
black and wlnte, but Li'i^er than oiir Mas'.pies. Then-
Tails ate tlividcil like .1 I'an ol I'ayloi's Sheers : All thef.:
live uiion the llyinp, lilh, who, to avoi t the Furfuit ol thj
Alhicorci, hiii'oj, and Ihradi', bet ike tlfuifelves to the
Air. Tlie /1i'/>iciirc< aie whit'-, ami without .Scales, and
lb .aa" the Ikhilos \ btii the linl exceed the others in Pig-
nefs, and have but one Hone lioni the I lead to the Tail,
but are not exti.ioidinaiy Mi.it. The Duiado is like a
S.ilmiin, but more lulnous, and has Imaller Seaks, Wc
alfo jiok a .Sea-Mo|', (lo called lioiii its Snout, which is
like that ot a I'lf, ) whn li is leen in great Shoals iirar the
VclVel, are Icxjkeil ii|X)n by the .Seamen as the l-orcrunneis
of a Storm, which m.ty naturally lie accounted for.

The Dutch, \n their liill Voyage intuthofc Parts, o()ened
one of thele Fifti, and louiui a I'.rr.it ileal of l-at, and a
young Pig in the IMIy ol it. 'I'liete is another great Filh
in thole Si-as called /Aw/ by the /'m/i/', and Shark by the
liftj^lijh ; then Tei til are very dole A]\k\ iharp, and as they
delight in Man's Fklli, it olicn hapiK-ns, tlut they fn.itch
a lamb of any uiiwaiy Seaman, I'heir Mouth being Ik-
low their Heads, they he u|xiii llieir Backs when they are
Jo i.uch a Prey. '1 hat we look li.id the Heart in the
Head, and lived a uood while alter it w.as fiken. Their
Fklh IS not tit to he eaten, i here arc alio abuiukince of
that fort ot i-'ilh luMealHiiits, <alktl by the l\;riugiuze Fa-
fupuarco, Ucaiili' they make a Nolle like Pigs, and are of
the Bignefs of ,1 Bream, Toitoiles (the Meat of which
are a-, line M Vial: aii- 111 liii h Plenty here, that the Se.v
men diaw them, .il i'lealme, into the Ship witii Hooks.
Febriinry the t ill we loun I ouiklves in 1' 20' ot the lane,
with ve'iy rainy m\^ iiiiwonltailt Weaiher, v,duch is common
h( reabouts. On the ' jd one ol our Se.imen died of the
Pox 1 the I'lh we weie beealnn il 1 but the next Night
th,ie.u-ofe a IViiipell, which in.ide us contnuiilly uixm
O'lr tiu.ird, lor l< ai ol ihe liav.idos, or Whirl-winds,
which aic lo liidden lieie, that the .Se.imcn have fearcc
1 -ilure to bill iheir Sail • Wi; could not make any Obler-
va;ion by the Sim till ilie rth ol Martb, when we v/ere in
bM) l„ititude, and on the luili m 10" i^ , the Wind
at Welt.

Ihe 12th a'ul I ;th il blew A great Storm, with Thun-
lier and I i|',htri,inii, v but wh.it moll kupn/.'d us w.as, that
tlioi:(!,li we were in 1 j', wi, louiiJ i.ut the leatl EtVeds ot
Ne.MD. 1 IS'.

to the W\

anil

though we had not imich Winil, made

Icventy-three Leagues in thele two Days from the 9th,
(w!ien we were about three hundred Leagues from the
C'lfc) wc advanced tolerably well, but the i.uh it blew
very hard, and thole Birds, called by the Pcrtuptezc Pin-
tados, which keep within forty leagues of the F,and, and
kveral other Biro.-, came near our Snip. On the fixteenth
thele Si^ns perkiadtilour Seamen that we were not far from
the SI ore •, the 1 7th we continued our \'oyagc with a frefli
Ciaie i hut the iSth and iijth we h.id I'carce any Wind,
thro' tlie Roughnelii of the Sea, which proved an infallible-
Omen of the Tempell that overtook us the fame Nigiit
from the South-Well in ,,' ,= Latitude. As thele Storms
arc unavoidable about the Cape cf Uood-Iiopc, we took in
our Sails.

On the 20th, perceiving the Water fomewhat more in-
clinable to white than oetore, and agre.it many Sea-mews,
called A/r;w?aj<ii; Paado by the y'«-.';/^r„^=c,roundourShips,
we concludeii tlut there w.is Ground within an hundred,
cr an hur.drcd a!iJ t^dty Fathom, and, uioii 'trial, Icund
R i:

■•ii
•if;

'•ill

W^'

■ f-- ^ ;f

iit

' I

tir-

v'Vi

im'

ij ■ M'

1 "i^

41' .

H
m

■■■|, :

n •'It;', -i

- 4

'i- ■ ■ ■■

Hi.- M ,

79S T/^r /''/jv/;''-^ and Ohfcrvatiuns nf |. A. dc Maiulcliluc, liook I

It at eij;hty I .tthom. Wr l.iw all.. tlicUmr Pay alnin- il.-u Vuy.i;;-*, aiul wlut Liinilr tl„y iMimkl t„ ji-,
itarice ol Blai'r,-Hir>ls wilii a !i;uil >}>«t ol wliitr uii llicii I lie liilubuants are lav-i^i-, iii.u.iiili, mi»| ,.; Hi^r^a '.

RiuilU; Thfl.', acainirn-/ M the tJi'inuwi ol \W- Lnf^lifh "liny urcilp fhtir B..ilir, mkU Itjii.Uii, »iulr4ti,

Staimri, alwa\» forcfoina TcmiitlU wl>uh pruvoil tiut \ \'V\\\ raw j nay, ihry Idilom kill .ii,y Ifc^n, | ,,,

fi>t, Ktotc Nij'ht, a StoTii an Iff •rum ili" \N'. N, W,
wild a Viiy rill ;li Si-.i, w!.uli i"oli inir i. .up 1 1 lium !;>'•
IVik, l-.it !ir wa* lavi\l ly Mians ol a Kii|)f. Ilf
C>rouiu!,wliiih (hi- k tiithcl'lummi :,!irinc,bl.uk .it ci^liil a
lliom i>j)»li, Wf mill liirlsil w;' were rriit lai liom lli.- Cajic
it.liuiliit, wliuh lixty I.ra'VKt tlilUnt tiom llut \.A CaJ-

f« l.k.i

iiiiH p,.> iiakiil, iovif!(>;', i; 1 ,, Mivy I'.m, ,,| ^^^^^
IVh- or ;>l.iii l.illciuil J Willi tl.u Waul

lliciii will, I ili<y Uu- lit aiiv Dili .ill.

I 4
*'iUi .1 I, itlit,

(iii>ll< ; I.Hiir vMaj.a lj..(>\ Skill, or L)\ | l,Jt, ,gu„ „,j^
UuiioJ..j, ilrawmn ilicir lail Uiv\i-cii tlitii l.t^s. ^^^
,i( ilidu ovi r thui lihouliirrs iliAvii to llmr \\i,[[ (,i)K

//i .V. 'i"he : ;ili tin- i'liii,-- ll rn« rtaruij', m ?('"• J-> l"* y<m.l rx|)o(iiif', all the red ti. pub. . k Vit w, aihl ibii^uiuii; th/,:
-■'• ' " . . - . . .L . Arni», llnnlis anil l.<v,S I y iiukm}', cluia."(sm (,,,!,

hy way «i( Ihiidori. 1 he 'Ai.inni aili.i,, ih ^r Ami, Jiki
la;,', with Uoiil Kinj'* ol Iron i,r Hral>, 'i|,ulc iivin^i
larilur up in the Countiy arc no Ills lava^-c dun the idt"
*\.tli this DilVercim- only, tliar ihry livi a link Uaa '
tliolr near ihc Sia liili: livii.j; upon l)illa% liHi, ami cj'
|Hi:ally Whaltn lor tluy k' -.'* nut ssli.u I lullym-iy ,|,
rhoof-h till !: lirotiiuis arc ixcvllont. I In y live in trie Unw
Huts witli ihcir Cattle, ami l..aii c tvir loiiic lo tnc Scj

tlu' I ;n. , wc Win in ^rc.it Dan/, r ol Kini; lol^, Uiii",
t'l.-fc I by the Conrnis tins ir.i-. tin- Shuir i but tin- 'I tiii-
\\l\. bill- •, i.umwi.ii a!l.i\ii!, wc fli.a|Vvi ilr l)jii};cr, but
Wire (iH.:! altir tlmatcimi by anoihrr, rxialioial liy a
I,aMi}i III t!ic Hnrklfiit'* Hivni, wliuli liaJ lit Jirc U> tin;
Wai ilvot. 'i'lic iOtli iIk .Storni toniimxil till tXMi in tlicr
Aft.raoun, wlnn tin- lVli\|'u«riosi-.iMiiiif; m ;',rrat Nun;-
Ut^ alx'Ut our .*»M-p, w«r.' t!i.' l*'ofcnii.nci» ol t.iii \N 1 i-
W. \\ 1I-..I whsih fulurii. t)n thr .'"ih.

ilici, am) till N.

in tlit: Mi>rr.!;j:, it wa.s .aim i hut, in rh" .Mit-r' injn, we ftior?, ixiiji w.'icn iiimui tiic Atrisal o( tuicina Sluj),

tiude two l,raj{iii'. an I Ii'ur with a N. \V. Win. I, taking 'l»'y ire to tnitk tluir ComnuKhtii--, vilnili arc Uxhi.ts'

our Coutu- to the N. N W. A< >v.r law that Day abun- l^on^, Ixopan!'., Ih^ms .skin«, aiu! OiIm.Ii . Kciduf.,'

liar.cc ol Tioinba".. or a kniJ ol Can«, tlairor tmir I-oot
li':'i'„ anil ol thf H.jV't'^ "t a Mai.V Ami, whuh lloat u|'on
the VValrr, ami an- mrt \vt!i no w(.rri' bur mar ttir. L.i;..'
Wr I 'luhkicil that \sf were not lar fiom ihr I a c
vi ii:t,iHcf( \ a:\l t'v :.Sth i!ikovtrin(j; the Ciuil lri;(ti
N. to W. loinc th'Hjjjht it hail Ixxn the Catx" -, kit tiniiiii;;

lur Knives, 1 .(Hiking lilall'rs, .Nai!>, lljiiiaiii ,a:Kll'c;,j
of Ii.in. 'Micy know ; "t wliat Urht^ion ., ixjth ', '
anil tin Dtvil I* m^ triuaily I'cyon.l tlkuiL'ompchcn.. 1,
l>n till- lutli wc wric iia»ly to l:r uil jg.im .;t uj y,,;
B.iy 1 Lot the Wind 1 tovinn toiitr;-.r), we iiid noi ■ to
.Sea iiil thr i.'th, with a N. K. Winu, lUc(iii(,uu:Uuik

ijrunn.t at turty l-..rliom, anil m 7 4' 40 , wi- were li -on i" the WdJ i but t!ic Wind vaiyiny r';.t Da) i;.ri.Hi^m,o)

(OiU'inird it nu.ll be the Ct\ie f .(-uilas. ot tli" I'omtn ol th<- Coni(ial., wi luuiJ nui ^.t ow. 0:

I lie 7-)!!i the \Vim' tiimin;;S. |-. we llrin.l oiirCi lirl'- ^-k' i ol the Coall, .. A at Ni^ht wtrc lurjxi/cd by a l..-:i.

N. W. along the CoaC, «nd t.he Wind iuriiir.!» ;o tlvr pf''. whii h rominunl till the 17th wuls luJi Vmltn^t

N. W. weco'.ikl a.lvance but a little ; We then luund our- ''••>' our .Ship had much ado 10 rtl;ll it. 1 he iblh t'lcilty

frlvis in : ^- zy , a.-u! ronlrqucntly twenty-four l^af.',ii-.-s IxK-"^ 'o f'car up, and the l-ury »ji tJic W'i..J U.uijii;;j)u,

from Caje./ fgm^.'. On the ^ofh thr Wind rontiiuiei.l *e found ourlrlvii m j4* 40' ; wlu me wt Lonjaiu/ul tiai

aijaintl \i» i b-.it the r.ixt Day t!ir Wind turniiij; to th;- ihe'l rni[>rlf had toicraus Uwk J501 jo L«ai;i.cs, L.twtcn

.V K. by i-'.. we laik i alon^ the Coall, and, .it lalKkko- t"«/'j/-/i/,r,and the La|>col'/W-/ifi./^. l'heNiyhtluiiuW;r,g,

vrrtJ :hr hij^h S.'ion, known by the Name ol Cuh l\i!jj tin rearok- luili a duaiitul Huitiiant tiiat wc^^avc ourl.i^;,

(becaufi- s: reicniblei a I'loiiiunrury , within icvrn l/a^;iifs over lor loll, biing by the coiitraiy Winds toKcd to S<.a.

Ol tlie Caj>cof" (iceJ/Jepf. .\/.»v the fA the N. \:. \Vind i he lyth wire not nuiih Utter v and tlic J.tli wc luunJ

continued, we got Si^^iit of the Caiic ot CiooJIIir: \ but but little Alit ration, though we iio[H.d lor loinclruin the

(D.jn aittr tu;ri;i,^ a'xMit to t'.^ N. W. Wi- rouid not i;ct Change ol the M<hiii, whu h liai;K.-n>d that U.iy i luti.'ic

ir,r.j t ..- iiay, :.> w :r ;.jri: i to Hand r .it to S; a, Iticrmt; Siorii. loniiiui -.! till th;- ziil, win n tin; Rains liavinj^loiiie-

our Courlr :o the South. The ^d the Wind lliil at N. \\ . what aiutcd the 1-uiy ol tlu- W in..s, wc inadc ult ul uur

bio'ii^ht a!org w-ith It a twl\ lunotj* T^ nij<ll i noiwith- -Sails, l!errin(^ riur Cuuilc to th. Well, as wdl a-, wc (.ixiid.

Itaiitri^^ whith wc made t'.rlx-H ol our W .ly t.ithe Vcull , <^'i the i jd we were Ixcaliiieil m Si^ht ot the Loall tuttn-

(he 4th doubled oni of the Poit^t^ of the i'i\*<- of lUcd- N- 1- ol ui, and ^uuiln^ ourlilve-, in j;- 6', wc Iu()jkj1«I

Ibpf. 'Jin l.ta;'iie% dillant from rh," B.iy W( dili.ivirai ourlilvi-s on tin: t oall Ix-twern diha Iwlj .iiid Ui.U ul

f.V .\r,..^",:j;n, calyd by t!ir /)«/,/. the 1 :rf Mi-Hnijir. .i^uiiui ; but anotlicr 'Jeniiiell nilin^; the Uine l^riunj^

Iio.'n r: K.'a'ntK and l.i.i.irc I ijnire, in ^.;' 4, within Ii/- Irom the W'.N. W. wt- wcie Ion i-d out again to ■'■

t'.en ly,ayj-i ol t.'iet aj t-. t>.ir Intentio!i wai to have got 1 he 24th the- Wind lirlij llill contrary, wim,. , .»

m there, but iSe Wn-.d proving contiary, wi k^pt alonij; «rm| elluoos at Night. Ihcajthm ;<(' l«Jt, wc Ilii. '

l!ic Lo.i!l ai wdl ai wc loi-.h: : Bin the ^tli, .11 >iii; rilinj?", ou^^ Couili- with a W. Wind to the S. 'ihc iOtii iiie

we wric out ol .Sii'ht of' iti Shoie, which 111.' '• >u 1 iian},'e \N ind bi.jwmn N . !•.. we made ali tlic .Sail we eoui'd to tiie

our L'< lufr to fh~ N. 1-. I<. thar we dilr-iVeri I Land apain W. hit in the b'.veninf.; the Wind turnini^', to tiic N, W.

.it».ut Nocjii, ai-tl in tuo I liiir< alt-r, l.y piilii-i; tlic llli i-rougln along with it a moll violmt .^toriii, wliich 10:.;.-

cf 67. h.ltztii'<t!\ ;;ot into i^u- Hay by Ninht, when, wc cill nu'd the jSth and .'9th •, lo on the 3otlj it wasrciolv i,

Anchor .-It It vcn 1 atho-n W,it<i i!;at fcnn;' our .Shijr, were not in a Condition to pi,..;:
I/. 1 hi'. Cap- ol the Contr.tnt of ,7i-;r.T, extending to

iKc .South into the .Sea, in i^'.^ Iwyon.i tS: I.mi-, received
tl»- Name ol C.'/-» iif ltj'%1 h/ponrr: : 111 149,', from
'Jibii \\. fwinjii'l i''».';;.v,', »Iu-n th- /'D-r.'.^J/c.:;- fiill went
la CHicIt of til. i'aiij^e by .S^a t-i '.'::: l-unes, lyin^ as 11
»cr, at a nearer Diliancr o: about .•-, o l.<a!r.irs l<-twixt
t.ur:pt and tlrf moll ha.tnn Coat*-, o: r'le India; ever
liiKT wh:ch It. lie tnis 'us been tiir X'W. wncre Ships
txjuu! to tiiolc I'aas take 1:1 th-;r Kel.: :rni<;nt«. Water
b<-!!.j{ very cxrek'ciif lief, anit Catt'.c Vfi-y cheap, thrir
OxMi b'-;n,; very Lir^r, v.itli H.incmon t leir Hark* like
rhole ot the hitt:^ and ti.c.r .Sticip vry j/xj.', with lonj;
hanging l-j's ai.il 'I aili a* b;.^ and wci^-htv as a ^oocl
Q'jarrrr ot M-.iti-in : Neithu do tJiey wai. t Wild- bowl,
I*--". Wi!.' :v-..-!r'. l'.;:tridp, , C^.aiis', and, among the
rcl>, X kind of C.evle, -^-itji .Stumfn iiillead of Wn ",-.
bur their 1-ielh :•- .-.o: e.tjiir 'Ihcy havt alio l)o(?s, or
riihcr .Sea-Hca:-, Cu'-.e.';, 'J .i-ei-v, J.^^n'iand l.yi.xes.
i he /)«.'./» air ulcd lu l-avc l.crteri hric under a certain
.S;i.i,r near the Hartyj ■•, a<-q'.uintin{» thiir Countiymcn

C:a:

.1, V,

V A. i:,-.j

I'ali.i

_,v.J Ui

tJic Voyage to h.»fjand without maiuiell Danj^er, to pm
into tlie lilr (.1 Mad.i^:.ii\ar : l»urriuni to tin.'. Keloliition,
w talked aUjut at two in the .Alieinujn, lii lii rmy
WeatliM, and a v ry roUL<h .St-a, whicn cuniinued t.if
i> xt Da) till alxjut Noon. Junt liie ilt wc inaik loity
laa{;iifs in twenty-tour Hours, with a W'tlt-W iid, tttci-
iii« our Courle to the l-jll. 'i he Jd, aijout eleven at
Nif^iit, the Wind veering alxjut to the .">. 6,1. the belt
Wind Wf(i*ild wilh lor tin F.oleciitiun ol o'j. Voyaj',c- 1'-
/■>i;^!jhJ, we relolvcJ to return to th-- Capy ol Gw^>-Jl ff-
anii !•> take m lr<lh Water at the llle ol .>/. Jitiai. 1 U
third wr ).',oi wiiii the lame Wind to i','*'- t)i"-''<^ 4^''
the abundance ol Birds, i ailed Many.is de ttiiniiis, .lud tiic
■l"rom!>a!i or Canes, (ioaiii^ u;.oi: i!ie S.a, gaVr u- ^.uai
Hopes that we were not l.ir Irom t.'.<- C ajA: ol UnJ U>-{(.
'I'he 6th wr were Ijecalined at |i;iiytliief, Miiy cilI.;.
Iilty-ti.ur, and l.vty ttirre i'aihom Water, ml i" '''•'
Kveiiti)}; thr Wind was N. W. but turned the 'tli tu tl.-
W. whuh, by Ni^hr, turned to a vioki.t -Sioim, an!
continued the Hrh till Midnij.',ht, when . Jini.-'j; a'jout to
tat N. wc to,k o^if C.)-.!.'!-: lu li.. .N. \^ . 1 11; >/•'! •■■'■:

iloc, liooK I

lity iiiiin»li\i to Hrtt.
'WiHitli, 4(tU ul llu^iivi :

Mil. lill, .lul Ut l.k.l

i.y H<4li, ti.ti uiiiu,i,
. 14..t!. .\U„„.,i\s,,.
nvy I'.in, >• ! a,i1i ^
W.iill v»;tli ,1 I, 4liu
)t Ox lli.lc, loun.. ihcf

VCCIl (licit 1.1(4% ; SulT.C

wii tu thf.r Wjill (i:;|y,

w,,iiul iliMigurun} their

km}; Cluu> tijs in li.isi.

■II jiloi.c ih ir Arnv> *in!

i.t Hr.il. 'I'liuk living

Ills l.iva;'c tluii the tctt,

ility liv. 4 liiiL Ix-acir I

jii l)ilUi«, hl)i, ami i:(

r.tit nn!i.i( I lullviDiliy it,

I lny iivc in tficUmc

Utival III loiciga blwi>>,
ii'S N^lialt ate Uxhii.i^,
iiiu! Otliuli-i Ktathcn,
h, I Uiiiiiii-i , .snvl I'rui
t Kciiniuii i , iioth ' I ,!
v,l tl»tirt'orrt^rthcnu 'I,
I i;t i4il U^am '.r 01 M
tfii), we iJiiJ not ; m
»'in.;, lltff iii|; liur Li^uiU
(; ti.t Di) ti.aHig'1 diusi
wi ' uuiJ iiui jj ( cit.' u;
were lurpn/.ed by a l>:,i-
1 yili willx lin.li '^ iulci;>t
(l:ll It. lliC ittlhl'icbkjf

i die Wi.iJ bciiiijilijyia,

111 IliC Wt LO!l)tClli.';.!tlu;

oi jo L<4k;i.c&, b.t^sun
hfe. llicNiylit loiiuWir.g,
4I1C tli4t wci^ivcourkivi.
4ty Winiii tuKtil to S(.a.
•, .iiiJ tlic 2. til v,c lounJ

'uo\K\\ lor l<»inc ttoin the
■1k:ii'-.1 tlut D.iy ; Lut the
ti! tilt K..11I1S luving luiiic-
iruis, wc nuiic ult ol uur

Well, 4i Wdl 4'. wc LUtiii

I .Sl^lu ot tin- Luull M ttic
,rs HI j,-' b', vc Uipixitd
I C.;*fl Itiij '''"■i '"•" "'
4rifiiii; die unit l.vn-.in;;
t.cilout again to S
lai contrary, wlii^.' : •♦
tl, m iO Ut. wc lU.
t.) the S. 'IIk ibi\x luc
4i; tlic .S41I we tuulil to tlie
iiiil turnmi; tu tlif N. V..
lull lit Monii, wh.uluur.i;-
I ilu- 3ot;i It wasrclolv .1,
n X Lonilition to pnuv. ::
t imiuirll l)4nt,ir, to put
'urliunt to tlui. K'lolution,
lie Aiicii.CAJn, III l''"f"^y
Si-a, whKii contiiiucJ t.hf
■Me liie lit *e n\id<. i'HJ
witlia Wtll-Wi.'Allui-
'i In- 2»i, auout eleven at
,ut to the S. b. 1.. the Ul!
olea^tiunol ou: \oya{',c|i.
to til'-- Ca^K! ol Gwi'-il-pe.
tic Ilk- ul >>/. If'^'X- ' '■'
..uito r/a'- «"'•'<; ^'''

M'. tiie St-4, g^vr i:< f.n:a
HI, tlic-taixol iuullH'-
at toitytl.iec, loity^B';'-
,tl,.,ni \Wta, iiKi "> ''"^
, but tuimil tiic -;tli to tl.r
I to a violei.t .Storm, aivJ
when < Jiiii'

Cliiip. 1 1. //v'>/<;'/i //jc nrcatcfl Pari jf the E A S T - I N D I E S. 799

,t. When .....,.., a. M.to

\\ .ikK lirii (• nuK-h .ibatfil, wc lum I «Hirlilv(>fc in ^5* 30'
(|,\.iv lull III llic AtririKion, wc wck lupnzeil l»y ano-
ilui ltmp<l>, wliiili |)iutiii[', IIS in inwiiiu i.t Daiiyn ol
iiiiiniin', ui'iiii the .Siiuri , lli- M.iIIt ol the .Ship, wlio lii-

;!,, Ill) liaii lii'i'ii tin- tliitl liilliuiiviit 111 ijiir tui .iii^ tliis
W.iy, liiinn liiin uiiilir the Nn^ il.iy ui >.l,ui.;;iiii; iui, Re

fuch pi^iIip;iou8 Nuiiilii 1 of (iradiopprrs a< v!4ikeni(l tlie
biiifs, but our 111. ah Miuwer ol K.i 1 ililberreii tlieni all.

Ihc Irilubit.iiits I at tiuin. ilu Iilc o^ MmLigafiar,
cal,'\l the Ilk ol 67 Liur^nu liy iIil- ircmh, lies in the
turrul Zone, ixti ii'liiy Itoin Noiih to South troiii flic 10'
to the 26 '. It!> 1 ,( ii;^;ih bcii.jj one liunJuil anil litty, and

I,)iiiin. .ktl.tral, that ttun- wa;i no otli.r W.iy Idt to Hrvadth om; hiiiKlrcl 4ncl eighty I. i..i;;ue!., and tonttqucnt

l.vc til' Slii|>, than to eiuUaviuir to put in at Madannj.ar^

.iiioiwii i-'j) wctiiantrrl our Courli: the nth with lair

Wcitliiii lint, j'.nut Mii!aii!;lit, were ovi-rtakcn liy ano-

rui ii|-i «t.llul Sioiiii, whi'li lillal the litli, 13th, aiul

1 I'll. It ei ilnl Iiie. I ,lii, ainl th'-' \Niiil lK.-in;; \V. N .

\\ we fail' 1 3; l.eap;r.es m .-:.i. Hours to tlu: N. \:.

'I ',ie I jil at iJri.ik ot lUy, wc iltk-ricii .1:1 l;ng!ijh \'elU!,

bounJ to the Juijl-lndifs, Captain liiiil (."uniin.culer, Hiir- tin- ilearell I'oiiMt'.iuit m I

lliin ,uo I'liMs, ami it was tel'olveil that we llioukt make

|,,iiiily ,i!l tin Sail we touLI tor M,iMi;^.ijiiir, Captain //«//'»

^liip liein,; nnii.h I. ih;iii iiui-', with a S. l'.. Wind.

'I'lie full t'l y.'.> iu- was ivH ont ot .SiL;ht, and the
rcMii- l.viu.iii.; we ilikovi ii-tl tlie Coall ol A/C(/<.;'rt/u')-, lb
tli.u wt were lorcvd to k'.ep tontmual \\'at( li all the
Ni;;ht, lor fear wc miijlit come too near the Coall, wliitli

iy one ol the unattll Iflaiu'.s I'li lU^ World. It has tli':
Convmicncy ot Jivul. j'.ood llaiUAii., luih a.s the Bay
ot 6'/. /]ujhii, wli'-re wl Uy at Anthor, St. 'J j>o, /iiilun,
GV/, /l,ili[ier,i, 6'/. Juu.in'j, Si. Marys, 67 .uhjlw, S:
kinuiHus, i\v\ M^iHutotji^a, M 111 of tlieir Mjuntairr- arc
coveicd with Orange and C:tion I'i'lC,, and the Uock^
thenilelvts are a pure white Marlil, lioin whente fprinj^

known World. 'I'hty haVi;
alio Kbuiiy, and iXite 'i're.': , and a certain kind not un-
I'l-.e the iirtift. Wood, of wl 1 h 'hey make tliaf Darts anil
l-mces. 'Ihrfe 'I'reeb llielt.r vail Numbeis of Au'* and
Uirds, .ind aiiv;ii[; the rell, a kind ol Poultry, rekmblijig
our 1 uiki-ys, In ini, ;,!,tik all over ih'- Uodies, with littlu
wiiiii.- Spots. 1 I 1 leads arc of a Mixture of blue and
led, \Mtli yellow I lorns on their i'oi :li('ad.s. They feed

i.viryrocky at.! ilanj^irous, cljjeei.tlly on the I'oinr of by Jluiulreds ti)B,ctlier in ih'- Woods. Jleie you mecc

alio with that Cium called Dr.iHon's-Mood, which they
draw out ol i .: I'lower cf a Ine r.o bigger than our
' oinmon I'tar- trees, but mote Branchy, and iu<t io lull of
Leaves, winch are longer, but not Id bioad as thofc of
the laurel.

'Mils IhC alfo produces fome Aloes, but not fo good <is

i.,(- lie, 01 mii.'.lit " - lityoi'.d it. It bciin»almoll inii'oillble
ij make the H.iy, 1 you paK beyond t'l true Altitude.
'I he Icioml we aii.vid in the Uay ol .'.. Jujhii, where
thue n no Boitoin till witlmi a Mile of uv Snoie, wheie
we eall .-Xnchor at twei.tv live I'atho.n Watvr. 1 In Day at-
laoiir Ariiv4l, liaviiiii;iluii,' .Uom.iny Dai ^". i s, ■ lur joy was

n Joul lied by niuiiiii; here, I'clidts Captain //a.V's Miiji, an that of the Iiland uf Socotra. Th'-y have alio Cotton,

j:>:^il!ijh I'.iijt Imiuwuin, lall'al thi- L',iiue>i, IJuithen 1400
'I'lins, cominandcil bv Captain Ihius, bound lor EnxluiiJ,
'I'he third the C aptairs ol thelj Ships i amc on Board ours,
to conlult the bell .Methods to prevciu the i" Mg inipoled
upon by the Iiihabitant.s, 111 the trucking ci what Com-
niodiiies tluy had, for their Cattle; a. .ordingly, thele
Commodities lieing produced by joint Co..itnt, ami com-
niiticd to the Management of the three Supertaigots
tliry bought, or rather exchanged evu / Day lour Uxcii
lor toity I'air of brals Br.icelcts, a Slu p lor two, and a
C.ilt tor th.i-c I'air-, and lor a brals Jin j, ol ten or twelve

iim! fome Iiu'ii^o, but they iiiKlerlland not reducing it into
I'alle, as the lmloJi,i>ts ami Indians do. As they don't ap-
ply thcmlelves to Tillage, except it be for a little Rice,
Beans, I'ompion!, ai-.d Melons, fo they abound in molt
excellent I'altuie, a..il conftqueiitly in Cattle, in which
their chief Riehis v.(;nrirt. They h.ave alio Citron and
Orange-trees, which bcir l-'ruit twii a Year, Date-trees,
Cocoa-trcc, and liinana'j; and there is Icarce a Iluuf:
but ' IS it owns Beehives , lor ilio' thi.y are ignorant as yet
of u., Advaiuagis of makinj.; Honey and Wa.x, they
make .1 certain Diin!; of it, w:t!i ih-j Addition of Rice,
wliith krves them inilcid (jf Wine. It yields alio a Salt,

Inches about, a fat Ox, worth iix u l.ven Pounds in

l-uiLiii.i. 1 he fo'.ittli the I'leiiilcnt ..nd the two Captains ami Salt-petre, and ii'-ur the S.a lide Ani'vrgreecc. Some
went iii> the Kivir to dilrovr v.-!iat Cattle w.is coming wdl h.ive it to be rich in gold and lilver Mir.es, but as tli;;

I. c Inhaliltants v.-,iue Tni beyon.l tliotc MLtals, they ne-
glect to li.iiel, alter tlitni.

'I'nc Ilk- is very lull ot lnh.abitants wh.o are well-diaped,
for the iiioll Part Nigiocs-, they wiar no other Garments
liut a Piece ot printed Calieoe, which they wrap about
thi-ir Middle, lb that one Piree of it hangs down before
to the Knee, the other to the Ham, except the little Hou-
iLs of their Prii-.ces, which are ol Wood. I'heir Huts are
only made of the H;anelies of Trees, wherein they have
no other Beds or Qiiilts, but fome few Mats to lie upon.
They ufed to make lii.ir I'lres round about them, tu dif-
jierfe the Vapours wjiicli are very pernicious here. Their
chief Ornaments are certain Strings of Cilafs-beads of dif-
ferent Colours round the Wafte, and Bi-.acelets of the fame

■'!'
down t>. wards the B.iy. The lix.:i the Prelklent treated

the two Ciptains and all the Oiiieers ol the thue Ships

alward ours, and Captain // ilUs ciid the lame lome D.iys

alter. The i.fthCai uin //.;// prolecuted his Voya;;e to the

t.dji- Indies, as Cajitiiii ll'.lUs dul two Days alter tor Eng-

l.:iid, h.iving lup;Ii(.d lis With what wt ilood in need ot

lur tin: Prolecution ot our \'oya;^e.

Ihe twcnty-tiill a ceiuin l\nt wiili 1 luls being let up

lor the Picliileni ..nd Soliiieis near the S.a-llde, In; took

i;p Ins Lodgin;^. there. Ab> '..t I'our L'a^,u.^ trom the

HarUiur, livi d a certain J.ord, who had tliree Sons, the

l.UcIl ot wiiom was named M'fir: liicy came ail tliiee

to pay 1'.'; a Vifit, with a Retinue of one hundred Perlons,

wdl armed with Javelin., bnngir.g ah-; ;; with them tliice

hundred Oxen, bdide. luiiie .Shiej), d jars, I'oultry, Ci-

trons, a;.d Ol ante's, in oiJ

L-r to exchange them lor lome

of our loys. Alter liavinp; m.ide a lutle I lalt, the ckitlt
it the three Urotiicr- pnu-iited the IVeii knt witli twelve
Cioats, and Ins two N^ ;ves each with a lat Capon •, in re-
tiitn ol whnh, the I'reliiicnt nuia,- a Prelent of three
Strings ul glals Cor.i :o iiimlelf, two to each Brother, and
-i Bi.irelet to r.uli o! in-. Wives whuli tluy leenied, to
vj.jc at a gi. at Raie. Atcer havmi; lixvd a great Pole
m the IJroiim!, as a 'i'o'.en Ci the Amity they intended
Id prckrvc v,:ih us, wlu' h tluy oefiied us to nui.itain al-
io on our Sme, tluv liikl ih, 01 latlier trucked with us
: ir ten fat Oxi n. Ion',- >!ieep, imd Poultry i and, amongll
the rell, Wf had a lat Sheep, tlie 1 -il ot winch weighed
twintv, or twtnty-tiiir Poumls lur leven or eight Ciianis
ot Co'ral, or Agat, and a Capon lor three or tour Crams
ot countei-teii Loral. We llaid liere fix Wieks, whieh
was Ipcnt lor the moll Pi.it 1:1 fiiooting at Buts, and Pilh-
ingwith Angk-iods. W c liad !',re.U Store ot Pilh, and
among the relt <,)\l!.;s as large an.d lielicious as any in
JingUnJ. Prom iV.e Imii tu tiie eig'.r.li ot /Ii^^hJI wc law

about tiuir Necks, Anns and Legs. Both Sexes have
Holes in their Pars, in whkh the-y put large copper, or
brals Rings. They luv,- all black Hair, Ionic very much
curled., olhtrs not, but it i. leldoni very long; notwith-
llanding which they tie it up in fevcral TrclVcs. I'here iu
no conlklerable Diireience betwixt the Cioathing ol the
Men and Women; the kill wear fon-ietimes a ilccvelefi
Coat, and the Calieoe which covers their middle Parts is
!')mewliat longer than thofe ot the Men.

The Women are very t.imous fur tiuir l-':dc!ity to th^'ir
Hulbamls, who [-.Lire lo great a value upon them, that;
they will learce undert.ike any thing ot Moment without
their Advicv-. 'Phey have two Wives at leafl:, each of
whith hath iiex peculiar ilut, and tho* the Hulband is
very compliant with both, the cldell of the two alw.iys
claim., the I'refertnce. •Phey purc'iafe their ^Vive.s trom
then- P.ir'-nt<, or Relations, lor lome O.xen, Pikes, Darts,
or other Arms. Adultery and Purnicatiun are cipital ;
but as there is no Pamiliarity to gre.it, v;hicli is able io
raife a Jealoufy in them, tliole ;iiin<;s ai'j fcaice ever heard
of. Some of their young Wo:."., cam-: very l.-^ankly in-

! i

tl».

.^^i5i^

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

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l^|28 |2.5

IL25 il.4

1.6

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fi '""'*•

,1 *

Soo I'he Foyages and Ohfcrvations of], A. dc Mandclfloc, Book I.

MX''

'a-, « a-

.!'•

to our Tent, unto one of whom the Prefidf nt prelcnted
one of my Shirts, lidiring her to wear it lor my Sake.
She made ncit the leatl Ditficulty to riccivc it, and wore it
two Days, after which, Ihc tore it to I'leccs, tor l<imc
other ufc. Their Men arc brave, adduUd to marti.il 1' x-
ercil'cs, and very dextrous in the Management nt their
Lances, Darts, and I'iko, which always lie near them,
even when they are at work in the Field, Ixing trained up
to the ulc of Arms in their Infancy : Perfons of Note IcI-
dom 11 ir abroad without having twenty- five or thirty Darts,
or I'mall Hikes, carried alter them, tied up in a Bundle.
Their Bows aa- four or five Feet Ion";, and the Strings
loofe. 'llicy have a flight of Sliooting with great Strength
and Aiftivity, and as to their Javelins, they dart them
with lb miraculous a Dexterity, that they will hit a Bird at
forty I'aces Ditlancc.

They are divided into fcveral Tribe?, or Clans of one
hundred, two hundred, or three hundred, each under his
own l^td, whom they call 'I'/fHd. Two of ihefc hail
their Refidence in a Wood not far from our Tent. Their
Wars among themft Ivxs are commonly occalioned by the
want of i'afturaye lor their Cattle, and the Prince Majfar told
us that hv had joined with two neighbouring Lords, and that
thcj- intended toattack Ibmc on the other Side llie Mountains
with five huridrcd Men, to drive them from their Pafture
Grounds, which they Hood in need of for their Cattle.
This Dignity is not Hereditary, but they govern, whilll
they are in the I'ulTcirion of it, with an abfolutc Authority.
It IS not ealily determined what Religion they profcfs. As
tar as 1 was able to learn, they believe one God, Crea-
tor of Heaven and I'onh, who will reward their gooil,
and punilh their bad Anions. I remember 1 faw one among
them, whom I fujipofed to be their Prieft, getting up on
a Tree, and making his Oration to the People ; but as I
had not the leall Knowlalgc of their Language, I could
notbcfatistiedofwhat he laid, neither what Difference there
was in the outward Apj>carancc of their I*riclh and Laicks,
except that I obfcrved lome of them to carry a Piece of a
Cow's Tail at the F!nd of a Canei and I faw one whofe
Naibon the two Fore- fingers of his Righthand, were as
k>ng as the Talons of an Lagle. Foch Tribe has its own
Vncfi, who )<rctends alfo to Incanuttons.

21. i'he ll'.e of Mozawihiqut is not above half a League
from the Continent oi Jfrna, and remain in the PofTelTion
of the Pcr:ugu:zf. This I'mall Idand is fo bmcficial to
the Governor thereof, that what with the Trade to Mada-
gtUar, and that ot HcffalA, he commonly anulfcs a Trea-
fure of 1 50,000 Pounds Sterling during his three Years
Government. This Ifland was hrft diii ovcrcd by the Per-
tugucze in 1506, when a whole Boat of Negroes coming
on Board the Pcrtugu(Zt\ cKc\i, they were very civilly en-
tcrtaincil by the Captain, who alfo gave them diverfc httlc
PrcfentJ, but they requited his Kindncfi with a Shower of
Arrows, as foon as they were got into their Boat, till the
Captain, by a Volley of fmajf Shot, and fome Cannon
Ba!!, niailc them foon give over tJut Sjxirt. Another Ptr-
litgunuC^\->u\n, named Rodrif^un Perrra, bring in the fame
Year driven v^xm that Coaft by Difbcfs of Weather, fent
a certain .Ifruan Ncgroc, who had fomc Knowledge of
their I jnguai^c, m fignify unto Them, that he was come
thither to little a good Corref{)onde!«-(! and Commerce
with them. They kemed to approve of this Propofal,
but were no fooner got at fome Diftancc from the Pertu-

{ufZf, than tluy tell uiv)n the Moor, with Intention to
-.11 him, winch they haxl certainly iio;ic, \i i\\c Pcrlugutze
had not r!ilch.irj;etl their I ire- Arms tij oj t!i'm, which ob-
li^icd them to Icivc the Ncgroc, and to !• -tike themfelves
v> their Heels, leaving ftveral of tliiir Conipai'ions dead
ii:ki:. the Sj^it

Pertr.: lailM thcncc to another Place upon the Cimc

Co.ift.

w!i?rc having furpri/.id otur ot thrir Princes, he

carried him oii B-i.ifv!, arul gave him luch l.iiat l-.niertain
nicnt, ih.:t :n riO|ii.tjl fur hii Courtefy, li-r otlcrcil to ftiew
h.ni i v( ly good 1 Lilvnii ; a'conlingly fiC ' uadufted them
to a grrat Hay, at the I'.r.trance of \\W:> h w.is a linall, but
pojiulcu'. Iiland . but the Inhabitar.ts l.n; 'j rcrrilicd at tJic
N ,^lir (i thdc loieii',nrr , lied into .inotlur .ulj.u.eni Ifland ;
nt ihit the Poriux'u!\ luing btcoine Mai'' is ot the linall
\\\: wr.liout the icalt Ojn-jlition, thry Ki : fv» the Inhabi-

tants, dcfiring them to return to their Hahitations ,1,-
Occafion of their coming thither Iviiig to little a co<xi
C orrcliwndencc with them. U|)on this, moll of themT
turned, and as a Mark of their Gooti-will, prefentej P,
rera with fifty Oxen, and twenty Goats \ but being never'
thelefs willing; to be rid of the Strangers, they tompt j
the Capuin with the Hoj^es of great Riches, which thcv
laid he might meet widi in the Port of Maia!ana -, whici
was fo well approveil by him, that lie was prejarimr tu ^
thither, but one of his bhi[K being foon alter loicid upti
the Coaft of the Ide, he retired with the otiier to Mozm)
hifut: Another Ship of the fame Fled being drm;n'C
temoeftuous Weather into the Port ol Mntaiana, a Bo;ii
of the Country came immediately aboard them, in which
the Captain fcnt the Mailer of the Vcffcl, who was well
verfed in the African language.

The Moor making more than ordinary Ilallc to m
afhore with the Mailer, and the Psriugueze conceivin.^
fome Jealoufy at their Behaviour, they puVfutd thcni wuh
eighty Men, in their Shallop, but too late, the Negroes
having reached the Shore before them. I lowt vcr, after
they were landed, they got Sight again of the Maftir,
who told them, he had been treated with much Kindntli
by their Prince, who was defirous to fee the Captain him-
felf, in order to enter into a drift Corrcfix)ndcnce with
him i which the Captain not unwilling to comply with
went accordingly afliorc, where he was kindly rccuvtj',
and magnificently treated by the Prince, according to the
Fafliion of that Country •, but, in the Evening, being rratly
to return aboard in the Shallop, there arofe a violent Tun-
pcll, that he durft not venture to commit him fcif to the
mercilefs Waves in fo fmall a Boat, . which continued tw
four Days fucceffively, and there being no I'olTibilitytogt:
on Board, his Ship's Crew imagining that he had btcn
mallacrcd by thefc Barbarians, thought it moll ad v.lcahle to
favc themfelves, and to return to Afcxamiijue, which tlicy
did accordingly. The Captain finding the Ship gone wa;
fo difcontentcd, that he diet! not long after, as t!;d eighr
others of hii Retinue. The reft thinking it better to n;:i
the rifque of the Sea, tlun to perilh without the leall 1 1o;hs
of Relief, embartjucd in the Shallop, and having by gooJ
F'ortune met with a Pcrtuguru Vcflcl, commanded Ly
Jebn Tenfeca, he carrieil them to the next Ponuguizt Per:
in Jfrita. The firft Time of the landing of the 2^;^.vi'i:i
the Ide of Madagafcar happened rather by Chance tlixi
any Dcfign, for their Seamen being miferably infcftcd wth
the Scurvy, lb that they were no longer able to nanage
the Ship, they were forced to fcek for Rcfrclhnunt in thh
Ifland, but loft fcventy Men out of the four Vcfills, u;
which ilieir Fleet confillctl, before they could get at ir.y.
Thcfe Men were buried in a fmall Ifland, which to this D:y
is called the Duni Churchyard. Some will have the Milt-
gafioriaus to be Mebammcduns \ but certain it is, tlui in
their outward I^emcanour they don't Ihew the leall Sign
of it.

22. The Winter Seafon being pretty well over, wc be-
gan to think of our Voyage \ tor which purpofe havirg
bought, /%«^ the lyth, of Prince MajJ'ar, and fonic
other neighbouring Ixjrds, twenty-five Oxen, and a liuii-
dred Sheq), we embarnued our Baggage the 201I1, ai.d the
the 21ft fct .Sail out ot the Bay o\ Saint Jugiijhnt with 1
South- weft Wind, which proving favourable di\ that .N'i^ht,
we ft>on loft Sight of Mnitgaftar.

The ::d, being rejoined by the Monfoon, or \Vinil i:
the Seafon, which happened Iboncr than oril;;i.i;y. ^vc
brifkly purliicd f)ur Courfe to Weie South- Well, am! tl.e
ijd the Wind blowing a briftt Gale Irom the Fall in :
Stern, we failed brifkly a little more to tb.c South, with .1
Intention to avoid the Capt cf (Joe J- Hope. The i4'h .»-''.
25th the Wind was not lo briflv, but bein;; IrconJic! by a
frpfh Gale, the 26th we advanced bravely, and toi.iuh).;r-
fclves that Day in 27" 27' Latitude, and on the :h'tln;i
28" 12'. The 29th we were lurprizal by t!.r T"-
vados, or Whiil-w.iuis, in 31" 13' 1 but th'-y ili- r.otco:'.-
tiiiuc long. The 30th it blew allern ; i,utwit!illandir,,;
which we made the IkU of our way, and t!it lall ol .lui-J
found ourfclves in jj" 3./. On the il\ u'. ScjUmhrv.:
nude fifty Lra>.'.ues in twenty-four Hour^, tho' the W'.i"
blew very hard i and the 2d we "Mt tliirty lu^i-'i '-'

I!...".

:lfloc, Book 1.

lo their Hal-itatlons, ,!,j
T Iwing to Uttic a guod
on this, moft of thrni rc-
GcxKl-will, prefented ft.
' Goats -, but btiiig never-
Strangers, tht-y tfmptcd
great Rii lies, whitii thcv
fort ct Matatana -, whicii
at he was prc-j.aring to m
ng foon alter lorcij uijoii
with I he otiKT 10 MozM..
ne Flcdlicii.g driven by
.•ort ct Mtttaiana, a Boai
ly ab<«ril them, in which
the VclTcl, who was well

in onlinary I lafte to get
the Portuguizt conceiving
•, they piirlutd them with
)ut too late, the Negroes
c them. However, after
ght again of the Maftcr,
:atcd with much Kimlntli
us to fee the Caprain him-
Irift Corrcfjx)ndcncc with
jnwilling to comply with,
: he was kindly rcctivtj'
c Prince, according to the
> the livening, twing rratiy
there arofc a violent Ttm-
r to commit himfelf to the
Boat,, which continued tui
c being no I'olTibility to gv.
agining that he hid b«:-\
bought it nioll advil"iral)ie to
;o Mezami/ijui, which tluy
fintiing the Ship g')ne wai
lot long alter, as i!;d cighr
eft thinking it better to n.:i
rilh without the leaft I lo; r.
lallop, and having by gooJ
ze Vcflei, commanded by

the next Pertuguizc Port
the landing of the D-^cba
led rather by Chance tlun
:ing mifcrably infcftcd w:th
no longer able to n'anage

bck for Rcfrcfbmcnt in thh

It of the four Vcffels, u;

fore they could get at ary.

ill IlUnd, which to this Dsy

Some will have the Mtdt-

i but certain it is, tlut in

don't fhew the lead Siga

Ig pretty well over, we he-

1 tor which purpoft havir.g
IPrincc MajJ'ar, and fonic
my-fivc Oxen, and a huii-
iBaggage the aoili, ar.dthc
[ otSaiKt Augufi.ne with a

, favourable 4li that Ni^ht,
jr.

the Monfoon, or ^VilH! e:
Iboiicr than oitli.i.'.iy) we
IVii. South-Wirt, W.tl.t
IGale Iron) the lall in 'r.;:
kirc to the South, with .;:i
iicJHoft. ■nic24thx.d
, but bein;; li-eoiidrc! by i
rd bravely, and foi.nd o.;r-
Ititiidc, and on the :^th i;>
le lurprizal by the Tri-

I5' ; bulth--y did not CO:'.-

' alb.-rni hotwithlUnd.r,;

^ay, and tlie Ull "j! --'^s-'^
I)n the ift ufiV'"''■'"^"■
|ur 1 lours, tho' the \Vi;. .
le '"It tliiriv l.uuins lar
tl...'.

Chap. II. through the gnatejl Part d/ /^^ E A S T - 1 N t) I E S. 8cy]

thcr, with a South-weft Wind. The 3d being becalmed,
we killed a Cow we bought at Madagaftar^ and a Goat.
In the Belly of the firft we found three Calves, and in the
laft four Kids, from which a Judgment may be made of
the Fruitfulnels of this Country. On the 6th we were ter-
ribly (haken by a moft dreadful Tempeft, fo that our Ship
beginning to be leaky, we were forced to pump without
IntermifTion. Wc found ourfelves in 350 Latitude. On
the 7th the Wind being tolerably fair, wc fteered our
Coiiric to the Well- North- Weft \ though the Sea conti-
nued very rough. The 8th and 9th, we had abundance of
Rain with a South- Weft Wind, with which wc made
four Leagues with a moderate Gale, and feeing many
of the Birds called Mangas de Valudo, concluded that we
were not far from the Cnpf of de /fguilas.

The nth the Eaft Wind hindered us from making any
confiderable Progrefs, and finding a fandy Bottom at twelve
Fathom of Water, wc were more and more perfuaded that
wc were near the Cape of Agnilen. The 12 th we were
forced to make the beft of our way fonictimes with a North-
North- Weft, fomctimes with a South- Weft Wind, which
continuing in the Afternoon, wc continued our Courfe to
the Weft- North- Weft, and in the Evening found a yel-
low Sand at a hundred and ninety Fathom Water. The
ijth the Wind being at South-F.aft, we continued our
Courfe to the Weft-North- Weft, and finding a Whale
floating upon the Water in the Latitude ot 35", wc be-
lieved ourfelves to be in the Height of the Capt of Good-
Hope., where abundance of Whales are commonly feen.
The 14th, at Sun-rifing, finding the Declination of the
Needle +* 50', we concluded that we had compafTed the
Cape of Good-Hofe ; the 1 5th we had a fair Wind and Wea-
ther, and found thelleclination of the Compafs 10 be i" 5',
and prelently after the Declination of it, near the C<tpc of
GeoJ-Hope, is 4", though fomctimes it does not decline lb
much •, and as foon as you have palTed the Cape, you find
the Compafs to vary to the Eaft. At 339 15' eleven lies
the Ifle of St: Eli^tabelb, not above twenty Leagues on this
Side of the Capt ef Good-Hope, being not above two
Leagues from the African iZoiW, on which Side it has a
very good Harbour at fixteen Fathom Water.

ihe whole Coaft is but one continued Rock ; but the
Country is fo fertile in feverai forts of the beft Herbs, that
there is lufficient Reafon to believe, that if it were culti-
v.ited, it would not in its Produifls be behind the Ifle of
St. lidtns, or any other in thofe Parts. The worft is, that
it wants freth Water, except what is Aipplied by the Skies
wliin it rains which makes t!>is Ifle not to be much fre-
quented \ though tliey have tiich vaft Numbers of Sea-
VVolvcs here, that in a tew Days they may catch as many,
that the Fat would freight a VetTel of fix hundred Tuns.
1 hey call thefe Creatures Sea-Woives, though both in Co-
lour and Sha|)e of their Heads rhey rather refemble our
Bears, except that their Snout is not lo (harp.^ They h.aye
only two I'aws beneath the Hreaft, by which means thty
draw the other Part of their Bod.y after them, and that
with l() much Swiftnel's, that the nimbleft Man can fcarce
wvfitake them. This Bt-aft is very fierce, irs Teeth being
fo rliife and liTDnp, t!iar it will bite through the H.andleof
a I'artizan. This Ifle alii) ]iroduces a kind of Badger, the
KleOi whereof is very delicious. The 16th wc made the
Ullof our Way wirhiliiiall Wimlat 32', and the 17th and
iSth made lixty lour leagues with a North-North- Weft
and .1 South- Will Wind, and rame the lyth into 29" i6',
when with a South-South-XNett: Wind wc made forty
Irafiues to flic Nonh-VVclb, and in the Evening found
oiirle'vcs in 2K' Lntitud;-. The 6th ol' 0/7o^<t a South-
LjiI Wind carried us fikcen Leagues farther to the Ifle of
St. IhUns. .

2^. rhe .Situation of this Idand, called St. Helens by
tlu! /'errr/yiifz^ is in ii'i" \i'. It is diihiit from the Cape
ot /tngoia 350 l.eagues; from that of Good-Hope ^Qo,
Iroin Brazil 510. Ir being very furprizing, that an
liland ot no more than f.v.'n Leagues in Compafs (hould
he fwuut at lb great a Dillaiue from the Continent. It is
111 plentiful in iiioif exct-l I. nt Fruits and all forts of Crea-
tures, that it furpalles moll of the Provinces of Europe.
Some were <)f Opinion, that there were neither to be fecn
when tin Pori4igM(ze tirll diU'ovcred it, and that thole
N u M 11. 34,

few Trees and Cattle they brought thither, have received
fuch vaft Improvements froii; the natural good Conftitu-
tions of the Ground, that, at prefcnt, it is able to fupply
whole Fleets with Refreniments. Figs, Pomegranates^
Citrons, Oranges, Goats, Hogs, Barbary Hens, Phea-
fants, Partridges^ Qiiails, Peacocks and Pidgeons being
to be had here at all the Seafons of the Year \ not to men-
tion the Fiih which are found here in vaft Quantities, and
Salt fufficient for the Curing them. The Ground natu-
rally produces fo many whollbine Herbs that the Portu-
gueze frequently leave there their tick Mt:n, which arc fure
to recover againft their coining back again that Way the
next Year.

The Mountains of this Ide arc fo high that they ar.'^
difcovered fourteen Leagues off at Sea. i he Porttigmze
thought it a Piece of Piudenci- not to make ar.v EftaLli,h-
ment in this Wand, con!id;ring the Jealouly which its
PoITetTion might raifi- in other Nations trading into tliefo
Parts, which its vaft Diftaiice from the Continent would
make it very difficult to kct p ; wherea.s its being free,
would afrord a certain Retnat to ull Veffels ; and thufi;
Retreflimcnts, efpccially of frelli W.uer, which they
would be obliged to leek for as far as tlu Coa'd nf Guinea,
where they murt be forced to llay for the Rains, to the
great Inconvenience of the .Seamen, many of wlioiii muft
in the mean while perifli for want of it. The Firtility of
the Ifle ought chiefly to be attiibuted to the daily Sliowtrs
of Rain which fall tijere, which, Uiug animated by the
Sun-Beams, fliining prefently alter by Intervals, incredibly
advances the Maturity of Things in a Climate like this.
It has alfo three Plaees where Ships may provide them-
lelves with frefli Water, viz. wh.re the three Rivers,
which have their Sources among the Mountairs, difchargc
themfclvcs into the Sea. Tlicfe produce abundance of
Snakes, which are eaten by the DuU.b, who prefer them
to liels. At 190 Leagues to the N. W. ot the Ifland
of St. Helens, you fee the Ifland of Afcinficn, fo called
from its being difcovered upon Afce^fton-Day by the Por-
tiigueze, lying 8" 30' S. of t!ie Line. It is a veiy moun-
tainous Ifland, affording neitlier freih Water, nor any
other Provifions, except Fifli, of wliich there is great
Store on tliat Coaft. O^chcr the 17th, the lame Wind
carried us forty Leagues iorward ; and the \i^\ forty-two
to the 50.

The Meats were almoft infupportable this D.iy, and we
faw Millions of Flying-tifli, and great Nun.bers of the
Birds called Mangas Jc I'a'.udo. The 19th the Wind
blowing from the S E. wc made 40 Lea^:;ues to 3" 19,'
Lat. and the aotli the lame Wind continued us 40 Leagues
farther to 1° 18' Lat. The fame Wind cinied us the
2ift 35 Leagues, when wc palled the F.quinoftial Line.
At 1" beyond the Line, we difcovered the CapeuV Lopez
Gonzales, upon the Coaft of Guinea, which has a I'afe
Harbour for Ships, which Ibmetimes provide tliemfclvea
with Provifions here. The Ifle of St. Thomas is fituate
under the Line, the Air of which is fo unwhollbmc, and
the Heats fo exccfiive, that few Europeans live there to
fifty Years of Age, tho' fonie of the Natives arrive to an
hundred. Here is a conllant Equality of Day and Night
throughout the whole Year, and it never rains except in
March and Scpltmbcr \ the Difeft of whieii is lupplicd
by the Dew, whieli fails conllantly every Ni^:ht, moiileiii
the Ground, and venders thorn very fruittul. Wiien it wai
firft difcovered, a certain kind of Tree was found here,
the Branches whereof were exactly ftrait. And, iormeriy,
this Ifle produced fuch vaft Qiiantities of Sugar, that al)ove
four Ship Loads might be traniported tiience every Yearj
but the Worm being got among the Canes, has ever lince
made fuch Havock among them, that it Icarce afibrds
now leading tor tlx Shij-s. B;iides wlii^h, this Ifland
jjtoduces Wheat, Wine, Millet, Rye, Barley, Mellons,
Cucumbers, Figs.Ciinger, red I'artiiips, Cabages, Navews,
Lettice, Parfley, and all li)i ts of Roots, Puife, and Pot-
herbs i and amoiigft the rell, a certain kind of Mufli-
rooms, the Rind whereof is black, but the Meat white,-
and ftioot forth divers Br.iiichcs below. The Inhabitants
look upon it as a great Dainty, and, when baked in the Em-
bers, cat them as we do Cheiiiuts, but they have a better
Flavour. '\'\\.:i>p.!r:tir.U li.ive planted tome Ulivc, Peach,
ij S and

ill

» 'I

liliiriiiLJ

So^^Tifil: Voyages and Ol'fct-vat ions of J. A. dc Mundclllcx;, Book I.

i ' ' •

If; " i )!tt t,

(1 -■

t«

i~^^

*n-:

^-£(4

i' /

j[ ■'

*■;

■^t

Sj'f!*

-*»

S-?''

»' '

I' : ' '■

E^'"'

1- ! ■

1^;^

■>\:

L-

Wl\

■ h^

LIl!

and Almond-trwi here : They thrive well enough, Init

bear no Fruit.

This Ifle alfo affbnJs » tort ot I^nJ-Crabi, which live
binder Ground, and work hkr Molts » l^artridgtj, Qiiails
Biack-Wrtls, IMrrots and other BirdMnaUindanie. The
Sea produces vjft Quantitii^ of moft exceiknt FilTi, and,
among the r»ft. Whales of a vaft Bulk. In the very
Cent^ of the Ifle is a Mwuitain, covered on the Top
with a Cloud, which funiifhcj Water iiifficient Kw the
conllant watering the Sugar-Canc* \ and what is moll ob-
iervable i?, that the higher the Sun Come« alwve the Ho-
rizon, the more Water falls from the Cloud. The Na-
tive* are Nij^rLes hut fuch Foreipners as fettle there con-
tmuc their naruml Colour to the third and fourth Genera-
tion. They affirm, that I. ice and Fleas, wherewith the
Negroes are much peftcrrd, ne\-er afflicl any Stranger.
At thirty- tivc Leagues Diflance Irom tlic Irtand of St,
^Itmaj to the South, you lec anotlicr Ifland, callcil Relits
IHc by the Ptr:uguezt. It prcxiuces fuch Tlcnty of Oran-
ge, Citrons Banana.s Ananas, Ginger, Tcultr)', Hogs,
and other trcfh I'rovifions, that it is one nf the nuill con-
venient Placfi for Ships to rcfn fh themUlves in \ its Ua-
▼en, being very commodious, at ten Fathom Water.

The Ifle ot Cirifie lies dole to tlw Continent, and af-
fonis nothing but ti-elh Water. The 25th ■ S. F., Winvi
advanced us thirty- two Iz-aj^ues on our Lourfc to the N.
N. W, It was very rainy, and we were frt>qucntly trou-
bled with the Travados, «)r Wlutlwindi, wl.n.li are to often
met with on the Coalt cif Ci(;>fc>,tivm whf ikc wc niinht Ik-
an hundred and tifty Leagues dilhi.t. I'lip it^th thr \\ i:ui
continued the fame, and we nvi.'.c twenty-live Lt-.igues to
the 7* Lat. N. We obfcrvcd furr the Mcats to U ti;oic in-
ttnfe than wc had fdt them on the other Side oi the I'qui-
no6tial, notwithllandingt.he Sun was ic^ fatther from our
Hcmifpheir i the Rcafon of wjiicii I tonctivcd to lie, tiiat
the Sun-lxams, which had fo lately warmed the Septen-
trional Hemifpherr, had not had lulRcient Time to pro-
duce the (irr.i.- F.lTtdl in tlie Meridional. The :7th the
Wind changing to the N. and by E. we were alfo obliged
to alter cur Cou:fe, and made only thiiteen I>eagucs that
Day. About Noon wc found ourftlves at ;" 50' Latitude,
and it was obltrvable, that the lurther wc llcered from
the Coaft of Guinea, the lefs we were troubled with bad
■Weather, which had fufficienily afflicted us for fomc Dayi
pall. The 2Sth the Wind turned to the N. F. which is
the f ltd. -nan,- Wind between the 10 and 20% which after-
wards cliangcs, as it does in our Seas. We matie thirty
I/'a^tcs that D.iy i and on tlje :oth thirty Ixagucs more
With the lame Wind, in lo* Lat. about Nooo. On the
;:oth wc made twenty - eight leagues with the (amc
W'iik! and Courfe to 1 1* 13' Ijt. and the jift twcnty-
thn- Leagues with the fame Wind, and rainy Weather.

On the ift of Nntmbtr the Wind cor.tinucd the fame,
and carried u' twenty-fix Leagues forward ; the ;.d we
made twenry-lour Leagues with the Cime Wind, (leering
our Courfe to the N. W. The 3d wc continued our
Courfe with the fame Wind, which brought us alnjut
No'in into 14° 4.1', and confequcntly near th; Cape t'trde,
bring a Foint of larnl ftretching out into idr Sea from the
yif/r;.;T)»Cont!nmt between the Rivers iit Ctimliii and .'Mala-
ga : Ptc!emyQi\h'\i Prcmtnler-.um ATfti.jrium. The Inha-
bitanti here arc Ahtr.', large fiznl, and no; ill niajiej, but
very milchicvous and treat herous 1 hey are faj^anj,
wnrfhiping the Moon and the Devil; lon.t- among tljem
call tlK-mlclvcs Moh.mtnedans , but fettinp all Ic Circumti-
fion., they luve no Marks of that Religion, or ui y other.
They are embrfnled m continual War^ *iih tlif-ir Ncigli-
buur-, and very good Horfcmen, their i\u\[c%, wlnth
arc viry Iwitr, lx.ing lirought thither from /f.i/^;ry, Tlieir
Arms are only lit)ws aiid Atrow', and a kioi! of Lance <jr
Fike, whuii tK'-y manage wuh marvellous Dcxt (iry. '] Jic
Privy-pan-, of their Lnemits ate the Trr)pliirs they moll
rOerm ; thole tliey prclcnt to their Wive', wlij make
Net klacrs of th'-m, and wear them as the gicatc U Oriia-
mTT. Tlicy .allow I'oiygamv, and rheir Wives arc forc'd
to ltd all their Work, U)t!, at tiome.ind aluiUil.

Whihf the } ftiliu'id i , m his I lut he is attended ly his
Wives, and t!ung^>fS3 hui.t;i;(.% or alxjilt fijiiie other .Sjxirr,
it ha own l'icalu:c. I hri: Wuii.tn arc vrry harvh' ; tliry

are no looner delivereil, hit fhey walh their CliiMrm
themUlves 111 the Sea «ir rwxt River. The Men arc Bene
rally adilicteil to Drufikennefs to lurh a Degree, that Ibin"
of them will take tiff a whole Quait of //jaa Piun.^
Draught. Their chief Times ol Merriment arc at th"
FuiKials of their I'riendJ and Uclations, where thry drink
and liowlliy Turiis.aiul that for four or five Days togrthtr
to the .Stnmd of the Drum and Pipe. They helievc tlieRcii*!
retJfion of the Dead, and lay they fhall then be white, hltj
the JiurtptaHS. They liavc a conliilemblc Trade with the
lrtn(b,SpaniarJi,wv\Duuh, inOx-Hidi-s, ButValoev, lll<j
Flcphants Teeth, Wax, Rice, and Ambergrcae, winch is
to Ik- found in its IVrt'c^lion •, for heic one Mr. Pitit-
yan Broud, a Dutch Merchant, lv>ught 1006 Pieces of
Ambergrecc:' of eighty Pound Weight.

I'he Diftovery ot thisCuall is likewilc owing to the f.-r-
tufrune in the Year 1417 » but tins tirll Voyage meeting
but svith indifferent Sufccfs, /liitk$trf Genfolts, in \xa\
having difcovcred th< Cape del Carjtlltre, carried off cer-
tain Negnx s, who being fent by the Infant of Vcmral
to pope SUrtin V. he was willing enough, under the
fpccious Pretence of planting Chrillianity in thole
Parts, to gram him all what he Ihould difcovcr on
the ,1ft uttn Cooll, ut»der Condition, that after his Death,
it fhoull Ik- annexed to the Crown of Pertugal. The
Iiit.uit having already difcovcred the whole Coaft be-
twixt Cine lit Ni3.m, and too leagues l)eyond the Gi«
^crdi, hapiKiicsi to die in 145.U but V^mg /1lphonfo,\a
1457, granteii all thofc Conqucfls to D. Ftrand, Duke of
yiue. Heir .ipjuiriit of the Inl.mt, and in 1461, orckrcd
.1 i ort to be bu;lt m the Ifle of .'ir^cin, for the Security
of Lomiiuiie. It was in the fame Year farmed out to
one DrJinanJ domfz, under Condition that helhoiiidbe
oti'iged to liikover every Year one hundred l.eagucs on this
Coalt i liy whieh means the Pertn^unt had in i497iiifco.
vrrf ci the lll>«. oi I'fiMuJo dtl /'<-, St. Thcmas, Anno Bcuno,
thofc of drt PiiH.ip^, and the G*/V tf St. Kathcri-.t'.'.
King 'Jcbn 13. was no liwner come to the Crown, but he
fent, ui 1481, Dicj^t d'Jz,>m^t<Ja, who on the i9thot7,i-
nuary 1482, made the firfl Dilcovery of Mina, caftirg
Author near a I'lacc calk J A/dra dt dei Partes, then un-
der the Command of a ccitain Piincc named Corananfa.

This Place, unto which the Ptrtugunt gave the Nanic
of Af/w, from the great Quantity of (iold found there,
is fituate upon the Coafl of Cuinea, in 5* 40' S. of the
liquinodial Line, between the two Kingiioms of Jitcn
and Car J, bordering to the N. W. upon Camana, anJ to
the N. F. uptm ^fittt, fmall Countries under the Ju-
rifdickion of thufe of Aiarambuts. Hereabouts too, i/z
within the Compafs of fifty I^eagues, it managed the
chief Trade of all this Coafl. They have built a Fort
here, ujxin an Alcmt, on a Point of lainil which jets out
into the Sea, like a Denu-Ille, having on one SiJe, viz.
to the Nonh, the Ethiopian Sea, and to the South a IniiU
River. The Town, which is lituatc jufl below the Foot
of the Fort, lus alviut 800 Inhabitants, and its Situation
is fuch, tint 1500 Men may maintain it againfl a conll-
dcrable I'orcr, tx ing fenny all about, and withal fn Kirren,
that the Inhabitants arc forced to be fuptilied with I'rovi-
fions from Qtmana, and /tfuit. The Natives here are
ingenious enough, and much more pliable than the Ne-
groes, fxit are extreamly ignorant in Matters of Religion,
tor they adore every thing ifiey fee, that is the le.all lurpriz-
ii.g to them. At that lime they ollercd their daily Sa-
crifices 01 Water antf Meat by their Prieds, to a certain
Tree, of an rxtranrdinary Bignefs, enclofcd for that Pur-
{x>ft; with a high Wall. 'Fht7 adored the Bones of a
Whale, and paid Divine Worlliip to a ccrtiin Rock, k-
I aufe it exceeded all the refl in Heigiit. They are e.x-
rrcanily addidl^d to Divination, and therefore let very high
an Fllecm tiixm thofc who protefs themfejvcs Sorcerers,
but in F.flc<ft are nothing ellc but Cheats, who improve
the Wcakiicfs of thofe ignorant Wretches to their Ad-
vantage. Thiy arc the moll religious People in the
World in the Obfcrvan.c of their Oaths, it being
tlieir Opinion, that fuch as violate them, will be
fiiatihril away by a fmlden Death. And hence it is,
thit their Law Suits are detei mined in a few Hours, up-
on a I'jI'.niii Atfirniatioi:, or Denial of cither of the I*»r-

(lU.

p. ;l

ill

<>c, Book I. I Chap.ir. through t/jeqreciitfl Pari cft/jeF.ASTAN DIES. 803

fy w.ifti their Cliildrm
fr. I hf Men are gtnt-
>irl> a I>T,rfr, that fomc
iiurt of //jud T/V* at a
t Merriment arc at thj
ations, where thry drink
iir or five Days together,
■.Tlicy believe thfRcfut!
fliall tlicn be white, hke
iclirable Trade wiil, the
x-Hid(.'<i, Bulliilocs Ilk,,

I Ambergreae, whichil
for hcic one Mr. /></«•
Iwught 1006 Ficccs a
/cighr.

krwile owing to the ftr-
!!»is tirjl Voyage meeting
ibmy Gen/alts, in 1441^
<rjtlltr», carried off Ctr-
l' the Infant of rcriuj;d
ling enough, under the
Chrillianity in thole
he ftiould difiovcr on
ion, that after his Heath,
rowtj of Pcrlugal. The
il the whole Loaft be-
ragurs l)e>'ond the Cah

I I but King jllphonfo, in
(s to D. Ftrand, Duke of
>t, and in 1461, ordered
.-ir^oin, for the Security
inic Year farmed out to
idition that he Ihouid be
f humlred leagues on this
m'iirtf had in Mgydifco-
, St. Tlvmai, Anno Bevw,
Crf/V #/ St. Kathar.rt'.'.
ne to the Crown, but he
, who on the 19th 0(7.1-
Icovery of Miiia, caftirg
I di da Partes, then un-
|iincc named Ceramnfa.
>rtugiine gave the N;uiie

ot (»old found there,

, in 5* 40' S. of the

Kingdoms of /htm

tijxm Camana, and to

.ountrics under tlie Ju-

Hereabouts too, tc.

ragues, is managed the

ley have built a Fort

of I^ml which jets out

iving on one SiJc, viz.

and to the South j tmiU

latc jul\ below the Foot

tants, and its Sitiaticn

ntain it againft a conli-

ut, and withal (o barren,

Ix- fupplied with I'rovi-

Thc Natives here are

pliable than the N«-

in Matters of Religion,

that is the leaft furpriz-

olfcrcd their daily Si-

ir Fricfts, to a k rtain

enclofcd for that Pur-

idored the Bonn of 1

to a certain Rock, k-

eight. They are ex-

thereforc fet very high

\ themfcjves Sorcerers,

Cheats, who improve

.Vrecches to their AJ-

ligious I'eople in the

itir Oaths, it being

olate them, will be

Ih. And hence it is,

in a few Houn, up-

of cither of the l'«r-

tics.

:wo

tics. All Crimes, even capiul ones, may be comnuutkl
with Money, unlefs the fame be reiteratal iiverul titneii,
by the fame I'crfon. They have no other Cloatluiig but
a Piece of Cloth, or an Ape's Skin, wherewith tin y co-
ver their |)rivy ram, all the reft oi their Bodies bcmg
naked, tor Ornament fake they wear Bracelets of (iold
alwut their Arms and I^iegs, and twift their ILtir and
Beards with golden Cjwins. They conftantly rub their
Bodies with Oil, or Fat, to make thcin llune. TiKir
Wars arc no more than confufed Skirmilhcs, without the
kail Order, or Difcipline. They make ule of Darts, anil
iluirt Lintcsi and for their Defence, cover thcmfelvei
with the Skins of TyS<="» Lions, or Leopanla. Their
liuUlgo's, or chief Men, are attended by two Pages when
iliey are going to the Wars, and one carries the Buckler,
the other a Stool for his Maftcr to reft himfelf upon, as
Oicifion llrves. They marry as many Wives as they are
able to buy and maintain, the Purchaie of a Wife being
commonly ten Riali, which paid, the Marriage is con-
fummated without any further Ceremony, except that
tlicy get heartily drunk. The Dutch have ereiked a l-'ort
called Bourio, within four Leagues of Mina, befides which
tlicy have their I'aftories at Cara, Caramnntin, antl ivJea
del Puerto, whence they return vaft (^lantities of (iold
yearly, having much underniindd the Portuguezi Traft'u k
with the Elbitpians, by their mild W'.iy of' Dealing, and
being contented with a much Icfs ProKt than tht other.

25. King Jehu the lid of Portugal having rctuled the
Offer made him by Cl>riJlopher Columlus, of dilcovtiiii}^
the ly/Jl-lndici, bent all his Thoughts upon tlic Connuells
of the Eaji ; tor which Purpofc lie litnt Diego dm, and
Juan Alonfo de .-tvere, into thoii: Parts. The fiill dirett-
ing his Couric towards Mh:a, c.tme to the Cape l.tptz
Confalis, and luving afterwards doubled the Cafe of St.
Catherine, entered the River Zaire, in 70 S. ct the Line
into the Kingdomof C»»fc, this Kingdom cxtendin'' from
the Cape of St. Catherine to the South ol the C.ipe J(
I.edct is encloied on tlic Weft Side by the Ethiopian Sea,
to the South by the Mountains of the Moan, and the
Capes, as it is to the Eaft by Mantabas, and borders lu
the North upon the Kingdom of Be>^, reaching in Length
from 20" 30' to the 1 y beyond the Line, and confcqucnt'
ly near 160 Leagues. It is divided into fix great Pio-
vinccs, viz. Bamta, Soatigo, Sunda, Pango, Bolta, and
Pumba. The IVoviii e ot Bamba extends along the Sea-
(liorc betwixt the two Rivers of Ambri/t and Coanfo, its
chief City bearing the fame Name of the Province, lymg
twenty Leagues Irom the Sea-fide, betwixt the Rivers ul
Lofi iixA Ambrifi. The Province of Soange is indolid be-
twixt the two Rivers of Zaire and Soango^ re.iching from
the River Ambri/i to the Foot of the Mountains, which
feparates it from the Kingdom of Soango.

riie Province of Sunda is only eight [.eagues in Com-
pafs, comprehending all the Country about the City t>f
Congo, rumed .St. Salvador by the Portuguese, to the River
7..iire. Its Metropolis has given its Name to the Pro-
vince. The Province of Pango, formerly under the Ju-
rifJidion of its own Kings, borders to the Nonh ujnin
till- Ifland ot Suiid.i, and to the South ujKjn that of Batta \ tu
the Well it has the City of Congo, and on the F.ail-lide is
lurrounded by the Mountain of the Sun. T'hc Province
uf Biiit,i lies to the North-Iuft, betwixt that of Pango
atul the River Barbdla, extending to the burnt Mountains,
The Province of Pamlo has for its Metropolis the City of
C^ngo, which is built upjn a Mountain, at Icaft Hfty
leagues from the S4;a-lidc. Another Mountain Ixlonc-
i:;R to this Province, which is above fix Leagues in length,
is lo well ilucked with Villagei, that its Inhabitants are
computed to amount to near one hundred thouland Per-
funs. Duarte Lopez, who lived fevetal Years in lliofe
Parts, declares, that the Climate here is as agree.»ble In
Winter, as it is in Italy in Oileber ; and that the grcateft
Inconveniency they are lubjcill to liere, are the hot Rains
which fall every Day two Hours before, and as many
Hours in the Afterncwn, during the Months of April,
M'ly, "June, "July, and Auguji, being their Winter, which
Ifej^m.'i the 15th of Marih, and ends the 15th of Septem-
ter. The Days and Nights h;;rc arc uf a Length, both
Winter a,ij Sunmic-.

Tht* Kivcr Zaire arifes out of the fame Lake whence
the Wte derives its Rife : It is beyond all Queftion the
largell River in all Africa ; for being joined with the Riverl
f'umh niul BarMla, as it paflfes through the Country, it
is »c iho Mouth, where it difembogues into the Sea at leaft
iweiiiy-right Leagues broad. The River Gociuze is the
common Boundary betwixt the two Kingdoms of Congg
niul Angot,u and the River Lelonda abounds in Crocodiles
ttnd Sct-horlei. This Creature is of a dulkifh Colour, with
very little Hair, iu Head is without Ears, broad Noftrils,
and ill hit Jaw two Teeth like the Tullts of a wild Boar;
its I luof has the Shape of a three-leaved Grafs, it neighs
like tt I lorfe, and will run a great Pace. The hot Rains
which filll ill the wet Seafon rendering the Grounds very
fertile, ihcy produce Herb."!, Corn, and Fruit, in prodigi-
ous Quantities. The Province of Pamba has divers Gold
Mines. All the Forcfts are full of Elephants of an extraor-
dinary Sixr, the Teeth having been found to weigh two
hundred Pound Weight. They produce alio a peculiar
Creature called Zebra, in Shape not unlike a Mule, but is
eapalilc of engendering : It is marked with three Lifts
niuiid the Back, reaching down to the Belly, of about three
I'liigcrs Breadth \ of which one is black, the other white, and
the thii'd yellow. This Beaft is famous for its marvellous
Swiftncls. They have alio a kind of Oxen called Empa-
lengtt, but Rime what lets than ours. Wolves, Foxes, Wild-
HiilValon, Wikl-Goats, Deer, and Rabbets, being never
t"U^lit alter licie, they arc feen in prodigious Quantities,
ihi; only thing they hunt being the Civet-Cat, by rea-
Inn of the gn.at Advantages it affords to the Owners. They
abovind allu with Birds, fuch as Pheafants, Partridges,
Hin,s, I'uikcys, Ducks, Gecfe, Turtles, Pigeons, Hawks
III all liirts and K.igles. Serpents they have of fifteen Foot
Umi!, which will Iwallow a Sheep at oncci and fome am-
j>l\iliiuus Creatures, the Flelh of which is eaten by the In-
Inbitants \, whereas Ibmc others are lb venomous, that fuch
IIS urci bitten by them inlallibly die within twenty-four
1 lours,

The Mountains of Pemba are abundantly produftive of
Citrons Oranges, Bananas, and divers other Fruits, as
plentifully as in moll Parts of the Indies % and the Vallies
produce a kind of Wheat called Seuco, not much bigger
than Miilbnl-fccd, which make better Bread than any
common Wheat, is rclirvcd for the Uf: of the better fort,
the Pixtr being here fed with Rice, and Turky Wheat.
01 Coco.i'Trees they have two forts-, Ibmc are Date-Trees,
t he tuhrr produce Cocoas, and a certain Juice, which is
accounted an extraordinary Clearer of the Reins, and con-
lW|Ucntly a lovereign Remedy againft the Gravel. Their
FrtiitN, as well as Pulle and Herbs, .ire, without Compa-
nllm, moir excellent here th.in in other Countries. Their
Moumaini, which for the moft part are covered with Fruit-
tiees, arc green all the Year round ; and the Rocks pro-
duce white Marble, Alabafter, Jafper, Porphiry, and
lometimrs Hvacuiths.

I'he Inhabitants arc bl.ick ; but the Women are not fa
dark UH the Men •, they have neither fuch thick Lips, nor
flat Notes, as cotnmonly the Negroes have, and their Hair
curU imtuially. iliofe of Bombay arc famous for their
,'iliciigth. As every Man here is his own Architeft and
Phvliuan, fo their Houles are fmall, low, and flightly
built I they cure Fevers with Powder of Sandal Wood, and
I Icad'Mi II by Blecilin[; \ and when they arc to procure an
i' vacu.ilioii by puri^mg, they do it with a certain Bark of
all re kat to Powder \ they generally appear bare-headed,
bm lu( h as d<i not, wear a kind of Hats m.ide of the Barks
of J'lcCH, or Nut-lhells. Some have a Way of faftcning
with Pack-thread Plumes to their Hair, and both Sexes
have I lolcH in their Kars, in which hang very weighty
Rinys of Gold let with Stones. About their Arms and
i.egs they wear Rings, or rather Plates of Iron, Tin, or
Hrals ; but the better fort are clad after the Portugtieze Fa-
Ihion. They llcep and eat uiwn Matts fpread upon the
Ground, Brildcs the vaif Wealtli in Gold, Silver, Copper,
Crylial, lu 1, and other Metals this Country produces ; a
(Vrat Trallick is cariied on here in Ivoiy, Civet, and
Slavei, whom the Spaniards and Portugucze employ in
their Mines and Sugar-Mills of Brafil. They ufe certain
:»liGlis, which tlicy tilh out of the Sea near the Ittc of

Lundu

'' ' 1 i'

%:A

iilfliLJI

004

0)W<1(^

(Uh^j'jtriiilii.LS oj J. A. <Jc Mandcllkjc, Hook I

iTir

iiM<|a

tt;

It!-:

r-!H

I'M

^ii

Sir

Zj««./d inftcad ot MotKy, tlutc Ixm^ a |Mi«iv uUr ( luviriwr
a|<ix)intcd iherc lor tlut I'iirjxjli-, who \\» llic Ovcrlight

The King of Con^o povcrin »uh an aiUtt.uy Jnvl un-
controllable Power, but!, thr l.^vc^ Aiul I'lUito i.l Iun Sub- ^ _^ ^ ^^^

jcfts being at his own nil'|H)!.iU tlu I'mvinics arc iMuIn ihc r/;, ami which, acconling to hiiOimiion, jifviryiliynjij,,

JurifUiftion of certain tit>v<iiii)r>, anumg wlutin (he B.iit.» the Sources of which an- unknown, whereas ius litvotul'all

IS the Head ami tonUant chid MiiuUcr v.l Si,.tv-, U-mg ol Qiicrtioii, that they aril'c out of two Lakes, ont- o't wl,>'

the Bloal-Royai, which is the Keafon he i;.tiKtin\r'< lats at ii by the faid PWcBy callea Palm Cbilandm, now the I ik

the King's Table, (a thing not allmveJ even to the Kuig's ofGeaga, and the other liutot AW</, iho' ionic of tlu IM,

26. Capi de nr,U li by Pidowy called /V;mo,,,,,„,.
yhfinanum, and jujt in 10' 40' on this SkIc ot tne L
whereas by our own Oblcrvation, wtian uulinvdv all.-,'
It to b<- in 14° iy', Utwixt thi: two Uiva. .,| .vj.j ' ,
Cambra, mCaml>iti, c.illed l)y ;V<-/.wr Dioay^o, and*,,,)

Sons) but never l"(s down, but ll.uuK all the I nue. I le has bitanu arc of 0|)iiiion, that tliey l.avc i|„ ir j^^ii- irj",,',",",!

,e lame I'liKiji aiul Mufici- Nile. It is called tlu C.a^r*/* IVr.V, from ihc many in,,

aiu the King has and ot the I'lc of the V'lir-atnis lor his near it, and their ronllant V.nlurc. /'.«,', wyallomintu,n.sni,'.

. V. , . .. 11. .1.. thingol thefc two KivcrM'.illinc into ihi Sea, whereas It ll 11

been found fiiice, that tlic Riv^:t Ur.mi/u, alter Ummoin
cil by the Watcrsof divitfe other Kivci , m tli< I'rovmu
vji Afjmit^a, dirrmlx)t,ui s into t!ie CXcaii in i^» ^o', anil

alone the I'livilege ol havinij the
ans the King has and ot the I' I

Guard, of whom lu keeps a goiKl NuinUi, t.i Imdle the
Infolence of a certain Pcoi'le living iiixin the .S'lte, called
Ciaq'ter, who make frequent Inruidi. into thf ^elrl^)rlt^,
of which Notice is given into the Country by the diU barg-
ing of a MullNCt. Ihe I'rovmce ol Htmii.ty, however, is that the River Hcnaga lunning iliieillly fr(,ni I'jll tu Wdt
accounted tlic Bulwaik ot tin*. Kingdom \ for llMUgh the falls in 15° jo', into the Kivet (.Vwy, wjneh lias iipiurtni
Province of Batio 1^ able t" '•»'''■ "bovc teventy-tliouiand its Name to that Country we call Gumta. As it isctr-
fighting Men, whereas that ol Homily ii only al>le to raifc tain, that Piclomy had no Knowledge of the Inhabitjnts
4i),ooo, yet are the firll not to he comi>ared to the fill, betwixt thofe two Rivers, lo we inuft rely entirely ii|K)n
They ufe Rrcat broail Swords like the '>'«//J, and liaiulle the Creilit of thofe mixitrns Authors who have given us
them with as much A^liviiy as we do our Kaj'irrs. They
make ufe alio ol Darts, and Bikkltis the lall of which
are made of the Barks of Trees, lluy have no Cavalry \
tluir Armies, which arc divided into Bngades, confill on-
ly of loot, who engage all at 4 I ime. I'he deneral
kcrps in the Centre, and by the Help ol their warlike Iii-
ftrun.rnts, Ci\kd Mini^io, gives the Signals to the Com-
manilers when to atui K, to retreat, l • dole, 01 to cUKn.
Ttuir Trumjxts arc ot WihkI, ami make a moll dreadlul
Nolle. 1 heir Drums are nude of the Barks ot Irees,
and arc covered with Skin, and aie beat with great Ivoiy

StKksi bclides thele, they have another kind of Inllru- arc Pagans, and very famous tor adminittnng Juilicf, m
incnt, being only an iion I'latc of a trianuvilar Form, j ublick Affairs, with a great deal of iviuity, Pruuencr,
\^hi(hthcy ticat with St.cksv they have alio a NVay of hoi- ami Secrecy, thofe that are admitted into tiieir tou-tili
lowing tiu I'.lcphantVsleeth. and thru blow them as we do or Couru ot Judicature, being generally chokn by thnr
oui Bugle: Horns i with tliule liitlrunKiits the Coiumandcis A|^c and Exi>ericnce. Tho' they are ignorant ci wlut
of the Army aniwtr the Signal given them by tht; Gc-
iKral.

The Pir'.uguczi were the fill wlio introduced the Chiil"
ti.in Religion litre, under the Ki:i'n ot 'J<.hH 11. the
Kmi;., who, as we told ycu, lent iJ(ij(« Can and "Join
.Honj'o if.vVfrfl, into thole I'aiis. It was al)out t!iat i ime
that dnamtnih King o< Coh^q tent C.),it.,i his Aiiil)alladot

1 u I .• L -given

their Relations concernn g them.

T.'iiy tell us, that a teriuin People called the Buduimi,
inhabit the Eaftein Part of it as tar as the Cape dt yerdt.
The I'cula and Hnkcmn they place deeper in the Coun-
try, uj«n the River B^naga to the North ot the y<j,o,;.,
Ionic of which arc fubjcd to the J-euU), others to tlie'W
<ium,tM. It is a plain Country, producing Abuii.iance of
Cattle, Wine, Cotton, Wild-l'owl, Ivory, ami 1 lorlc-s,
Cjuld, and Silver ■, they have none but Iron in vail Oii.in!
titles : The Air is accounted very whullome, ami tlu- In-
tubit^mts near the Capt dt k'trde good I lorlemen. Hi, v

belongs to martial Difcipline, fuch as is pradiied m tu-
nfe, yet is their Manner of Uil|)oling and ordering t a r
I orces not to be pafTed by in Silence -, lor all luch as u: .ill •
to bear Arim,being divided into certain Rrginiciitsun>ler liic.r
relpcdivcCommandcrs, have alio their partituLirlJivilionsor
(.iiiarters allotted them-, fo that in cale of Ntceilitv, tlicir
Orders lor apjiearing together in a iJiA:y being dil| airlieJ

to the Kng >l Pir:k^,il, who being I'apti^rd there, was from one Divilion to aiujthcr, the /Vriny is ready in a lit-
fent lack with liiiec ]'ir::>^uize Ships, coiumaiAicd by tie Time to be- at the Rendezvous api>ointed, witluut the
Ccnjaii di Siitje ; but in touching at Cdft dt I rtd, Iwth Trouble of any new Levies, the Sons fucccedmg con-
died ih-re ot the Plague. Hiri ut .<»»/■(, who lucceeded llai.tly in their Father's Plates, if they happen to i!ip, la
in the Command, i*in}; fv-rc^d into tiie I'lut ol //x./ii, in that their Number is always coinpleat. I'hey are not al-
the Proviiuc of ititgc, the Govimdi ol the Place, who tOj',<tlier ignorant of the Degrees ol Nobihry and FcaUntr)-,
SS.IS Uncle to the King i! Cv>^j, was bapti/cd with
ill his lamil), wliulc Tootllrps were tolK'vxed by the
King ar.d '.Jiiren, Ix-ing iun>vd yi ^»» and i.iiM^r. i,ma-
nuel Kiiy it Piriugiu Itiu jr.oihir Scjuadron thither in
1^041 iiui, fvxn aiitr the niliovuy ul the Inditu and
ProfixCl i;( greater Advantages (o Ix- ira^Kvl lioin thence,
ocealiontd tat Dilcontiiuiame ol thole V'oyagis to the
African Coatl, tiie l'ou:'.dati<>ns ol Reiigion weic alio nrg-
leCled by tilt /Vr.'.'i^'Kii/, wliiih tlic /^«/.^ imi ioVing to
tiller Advj:,ta;;i, ii.iuAluccd their liatlkk, and With :t
the Protillant Rtligon.

Wc told, yiiu Ixtou, th.at l^hgo Cm diiuivrrrd Ctnge \
let us now Uc wiiat liccanu ot ins Couitade Jehn .iltnjo
ir.-hcrc. 1 le, al-xjiit the Unv.; I inv.-, mai'.e a Dili.overy of
tlic Kii.gdoni of Hiny, Ui«ixi Mimt ami Coin$. Its
L-ci.gili IS eiglity l/aguo, and 11. Uiradih lotty. The
City of /tngii-.'jt IS .It tv\;:v.; I .cagixs UdUiuc liom the
Sea, anj f /:i..wlut lunli T m the Countiy, up<)n the Ri-

s'er called R:ti Itrnn^jv by liic J',nHjjiZ«„ tia capital City

Ixaring i.'ic lame Name with the Kingdom. 1 he King

'A Bcii) iuViiig cr.gaged m a I'leaty with -i'.^yii, wai al-

fo Ijaptized ; bet tius C()iivc;rioii liciiig not knm.lcd upon

any real Ki.w^skdgt ol i!ie Pu:mij les ol the Chiillian Re-

iig-.on, was of no '.■•\x r Contjnuancc than liu; It-ilfuk ol

the P(,rli(;iu'..f in tliutc I'.u:», win a was n. ulcCled .f. Wnm

At they had nadc a Dikovviy ot the i'«lia|^e by Sea to

the Jmiies.

lor their Grandees ihcy call IluLala'f, unto whom they
pay more than ordinaiy Reverence, their King Ixmu; al-
ways chofcn out of their Numlxr, but he mull be thirty
Years of Age at Icaft.

Not long alter the Dijlovcry ot the Country of the Jj-
loftt by the Perlugiuzt, one Bemi reigned in thole i'.srts ;
but Ixring got into tlic Throne by (inilkr Means, an-! !or-
faken try molbof his Subjects, fought tor Aid by "Jdn II.
King of Porlkgal, who had him ii.llructed in the t.hrnh-
an Religion, iuid bapt./.cd, and lent him liack sMth a
good Scjuadron of Shijjs, under the Command ol FtJn
taz dt Cogna, who had |X)litivc Orders to ercifl a fort
at tlic Lntrance of the River Senaga, to facilitate thf;r
Penetration deeper into the Country. A fort v.as built
accoidmgly, but was by the laid l-'az. (but tor what Kea-
fon is unknown) itcmoiilhed a{i.iin, and being levrrly
ujiUaidcil upon this Accoui t by Kii;g^<'*OT/, he killcii !i:ni
with his own Hands, and lo returned to Poriii^^a!, whrr';
he was never called tu an Amount for his treacherous i'ro-
vcedings.

l hole Illands which the Periut^ntze c.ili lH'os I'cr.'.r,
and the Duttb, .Salt Illands, lie dncdtly opixjiite t,> C'ipi
dt ytrdt, yet fo that the ntarclt ot thtm is irvmiy, and
the moll lemott one iiundred and lixty Lcat;iirs diUant
lioin the Conimcnt, whu.ii makes m imagine, that t.'.oi.'
who would have them to bt (jergonides ol Piolti^, ire
uiidei a Millake, liiiee it 15 not vciy probable, tlut !v,

■MSSSS^BBBB^

'i'l<^^', iiook I.

"" ''"^ ■''"'<• ot tne Line
' ^!".'^" P"""vely alli;,,;

'"''*^^J"'tf/#, aiiiii,,,^,,.

^^t, ,' °"'" ^' *'■"!'
i.bilondm, iiowtheLiki

''■"• '^'"'''J'lieohlifliiiu

l''»vi-tlit.rKiicironith,'

'.'A Irom tlic many 1 1,,-,

■ ''•■ «■'"".)■•>"" mentions no-
nto iIk Scj, wkfus It |,,n

0-.;/«^,;, att.rUinmoin
^rKivcf, jnili, IWimc
lu-CXni. in i^., ,0', and
Mtctly tri-m l^ll to Writ
'«fp^ wliidi lias im|Mrt((l
all iiutnta. As it is ccr-
vU-dge ol the Iiiliabitjnts
c muft rf iy ciuircly u[K)n
iliors who have givm us

ropic cailal the Budmas<,
lar as the Capi dt y,rdt.
,)l;uc iicc}.cr in thr Coun-
ihc North ol the Juioa.,
hcuUs, otiu'n to the 'Bh-
prwiviiiiiK AbuiiJancY (-f
owl, Ivory, ami | lor::>,
ne but Iron in vatl t>!.i;i.
y whollome, ami tlu' in.

■ good Horlcmen. lii v
r adminittfiiig Jiiiliff^ ,:,
leal ot l-A\uA\, pruddicf,
nittcd into tlieir L'our-.cil,
generally choltn by thrir
ley are ignorant ci what
ch as is praitn'fd m k.k-
[wling and ordiring ii r
cc 1 tor all luch as w rS. ■
rtainKcginieiitsuii.lfii;:...!
cheif particul.ir iJiViilui;' (.r
III lair of NcLtllitv, tlicir

a ilixiy being ilili\it(!it-d
c Army is ready in a lit-
is apixjintrd, witluut the
ic Sor.s I'uccealing coii-
f tlicy happen to dir, Ij
pit .ir. I'hey are r.ot ol-
»i N'obility anjIPcalantr)-,
m/jV, unto whom ttny
ice, their King bemi^ a!-
r, but iic mult be tliirty

it the Country of ilu' Ja-
reigned in tholi: i'arts ;
fiiulUr Means, ami lor-

[ight lor Aid l)y ydn 11.

lii.llriicted in the Lhriiii-
tenr him Iwtk with a
the Command oi FtJi}
Orders to ereift a 1 o:t

iHjga, to tacilitatc iht"r

ptry. A l-ort v.as built
''az. (but lor what Kca-

lain, and being lev rrly
A\'^lievmi, lie kijleii .'i:!-i

[md to Pariu^a!, wh-.r:
tor his trcai herons I'ro-

LijH«* call Illvs I'erdf,
liiidly opixjhtc t!) Ciipf
It thtni II Irvtnty, and

Id tixty LcamifS (Jiltart
]me imaginu, that t.'.oi.'
^oHides ol Hioiiiirf-, -irc
.ly probable, tlut \v-.

Chap. II. through the greatcfl Part o///j^ E A S T - 1 N D I E S. 805

who has left us fo confufcd an Account of tlie African
C'l ift, ftould have any Knowledge oi thofe Iflt s, at fo great
a Diftancc. They arc in all ten, extending trom the 15'
to the 1 9* of N. L. The Poriugueze have given them the
Name of Green Iflands, either tram the Capt, or cUc
from a certain green Weed, called by them Sargajfo, which
IS like our Watcr-Crefl'es •, of this you fee liich prodigious
Quantities, floating upon the Surface of the Sea, from
the 20* to the 24*, th.it without a llroiig Gale, Ship are
fometimes flopped in their Paflage •, but what is moft fur-
prizing is, that the Sea having no Bottom here, and this
1 lerb not being teen in any other I'art of the Sea, at leaft
not within 1 50 Leagues ot the African Shore, how Ihould
this Verdure come to this particular Tradt! Some aJ-
kdge, that it is wafhcd from the Rocks in the Wtfi-In-
Jus, and forced thither by the Winds i but as the N. K.
Winds reign here all the Year round, there is but little
probability in this Opinion.

When ihefe lllands were firft difcovered by the Perlu
gucztt they were without Inhabitants, but now produce
Kice, Millet, l^urkcy Wheat, Oranges, Citrons, Bana^ia's,
Anana's, Potatoes, Melons, Citruls, Cucumbers, Mgs, and
Raifins, twice a Year. And the three Iflands of Mayo,
dc Sal, and B»a HJla, have fuch plenty ot Cattle, that
the Porluguczt fcnil whole Ships Loads of them thence to
the BraftU. The confiderabic Ciuantity of Salt thcle Iflands
produce, has made the Dutch give them the Name of
the Salt Iflands. The Perlugueze have alio taken care to
ilock thefe Iflands with .ill forts of tame and wild l-owl,
which are multiplied at luch a Rate, that they may be had
almoft for nothing. They have a peculiar kind of Bijd
here called Pltmttico by the Perlugueze. They are as big,
and white all over their Bodies, as our Swan^, but their
Wings arc of a bright Red. Rabbits are here in vail
Numbers, and the Sea furniflies them with incredible
Store ot Hfli, which is the Reafon you lee here at all
Times a confiderable Number of Portugueze Fiiher-Boats
who carry what they catch to Brajil. Thele Iflands are ex-
treamly commodious for fuch Ships as trade to the Indies,
inaltnuch as going thither they take in Refrefliments, at a
very eafy Rate, in the Ifle oi Mityc, and, in their Return, at
that of St, Anthony, the Poriuguize Inhabitants being not
in a Condition to prevent it. The Ifle of 'Jf^go, as it is
the Chief, to there the Governor ajui Archbifliop keep
their ordinary Refidtnce : The fpiritual Jurifdidhon of the
lall extends not only over thefe Iflands, but alio over all
the jlfncan Coafts, as tor as it is in the PoifclQoQ of the
Perlugueze.

2.-J. November the 4th we continued our Voyage for
twenty-tour leagues with a N. I'.. Wind, tleeriiig our
Ccurlc to the N. N. W. and found ourfelvcs at 16° i'
Lat. 1 he 8th the Wind coming to the li. N. L. we
failed thirty-two L-cagucs to 2 2° 35'. Here we were much
jKlUred with the Sargojfa, or Circen Weed which we imn-
rioned before, which, upon Examination, I found very
like our Water-CrclTcs, only thele were of a paler Green,
and had a I'mall Sied like thofe of green Goofe- berries,
'liie nth the \V inil turning in the Morning to E. S. E.
and ;.)un alter to the .South, we nude but eight League.s,
and were becaimai Ixriore Night, the Wind at N. W.
Our Courli: was to the W. at 20' 40' Lat. We took that
Day a Hay, as the Dutch call it (a Sliark) which is account-
ed a Ranty in thole Se.ns, tho' they are frequent in the
/■/«■/(•.<. 1 he 2 2ii the Wind being at W. S. W. we lleer.
td our Courle tor lorty Leagues to die N. N. E. in j5»
20' l^it. The 2 ^i a S. W. Wind carried us thirty-four
i xagues to the l.. N . E. And the 24th thirty-tive Leagues
luitiur. The 25th wi had a N. E. Wind, fo Peering
I ur Courle to thi N. E. we made thirty-three Leagues in
38" Ijt. The- 26th being becalmed, we got but ten
Leagues, and the 27th but twelve more, t.ikingour Courfe
1.. N. E. m iK" 40 Lit. The 2!ith the Wind turniig
to tlie S. S. E. we took our C'ouile to the E. S. E. for 27
Leai^uis. And the 29th the lame Wind continuitig, we
made twenty-tour Leagues, taking the fame Courfe, and
at Noon ir. 33° 30', got Sight ot the Iflands of Corvo and
t'kra, which tome but erroneoufly number among the
Iilv ds called by the Spaniards Aztret, irom the many
Hawks t(jund here.

Numb. 54.

Thefe are generally called by the Dutch FlimiA
lllands, becaufe the firlt Inhabitants of the Ifle of Fayal
(one of the Azores) were Natives of the Lew-Countrifs,
who fettled themfclves on that little River called by the
Portugueze Riiera dos Flamences, and their Pofterity live
to this Day here, according to the Cuftoms of their o^n '
Country. The fevcn Ifles known by the Name of Azores,
itcTercera, St. Michael, Santa Maria, San. Georges, Cra-
iiofa, Pico, and Fayal Tercera, being fifteen or llxteen
Leagues m Compafs, is the biggell amongll them, being
a Congeries of Mountains, which make it almoft inacccP-
Able, there being no fafc Roail or Harbour here, except
at the City of Angra, being the Metropolis of this, as
well as the other fix Iflands, and the orciinary Refidence
of the Governors of tholb Ifles, and of the Bithops them-
fclves. This Road is not fo fafc at all Times, tho* the
Port is inclofed like a Crefceni by two Mountains advanc-
ing very deep into the Sea. They call thefe Mountains
Brtjfl, and may be feen thirteen or fourteen Leagues off
at Sea. About three Leagues from the City of Angra, is
a Town called yUla dePraya, the Houfes whereof are vety
well built \ but as it is a Place »f no Trade, fo it is not
very populous. The City of Angra has obtained its Name
from its Situation, in the Form of a Crefcent, this Word
being ufed by the Portugueze to exprefs the Figure of the
New -moon. It is defended by two Forts, one of which
is built upon the Afcent of the Mountain, the other upon
one ot the Points of Land which cover the Haven, and
conlcquently for the Defence of its Entrance, the oppo-
fitc Point having too high Towers, whence by a certain
Signal they give Notice to the Inhabitants, what VefTels
they fpy at Sea, and wliether they come from Europe, or
Brafil Side.

All thofe Ifles are fubjeft to the Crown of Portugal
now, though the Cajiilian Governor, Don Alvero de yiza"
ros, defended himfelf very bravely in the two Fortt of
the C\iy of Angra, after the Revolution in Portugal, and
did not furrender the Caflle upon the Mountain till May
the 6th 1642, after he was reduced to the laft Extremity
by Famine. It is almoft furprizing to behold, that the
bare Rocks here, which are not lb much as covered with
Earth, Ihould produce good ftore of Vines, which thrive bet-
ter there than in the Vallies, tho* it muft be confefTed, that
their Wine docs not come near in Goodnefs to thofe of the
AIa.deras, and the Canaries. I'hefe Iflands produce eve-
ry thing that is cither necelTary or convenient for human
Life (except Oil or Salt) for they have Wheat in Plenty,
Pears, Apples, Citrons, Oranges, and Peaches, in great
Plenty, blfldes Cherries, Plumbs, Walnuts, Chefnuts, and
Pot- Herbs of all forts. They have alfo Potatoes, but
thefe are more efteemed in Portugal than in the Iflands j
and a peculiar Shrub, which growing up to the Height of
five or fix Feet, tpreads its Rtxjts by an infinite Number
of Branches, as fmall as the Hair of a Man's Head, of a
yellowifli Colour. They are ufed chiefly for their Quilts
and Beds inftead of Feathers, tho* there is not the leaft
Qiieilion, but if they were fpun into Thread, they would
atlord Materials tor a very good Stuff. Cattle, and all
forts ot tame Fowl, as well as fmall Birds, multiply here
beyonil what can be imagined \ but they have neither
Wild- Fowl nor Venifon.

Their Wheat is exceeding good, but will not keep, un-
lefs it be put under Ground •, for which Realbn, each Fa-
mily has its peculiar Vault, the Entrance whereof is no
bigger than is luflicient for one Man ; thence they carry it,
after Chriftmas, to their Houies, where they keep it in
Chefts of Bull-rufhes, the remaining Part of the Year,
without ever llirring it. The Oxen of the Ifle of Terce-
ra arc the biggell and fairefl of all Europe, and very re-
markable for the excefllve Bignels of their Horns -, they
are as tame as our Dogs, and will go and come as they
are bid. The Noife that is perceived when People go
over the Rocks here, fuflicicntly demonftrates their Hol-
lownefs within •, whence arills the Earthquakes which are fo
frequent in this, as well as the other Azore Iflands : Thus on
the 24th of May 16 14, eleven Churches and nine Chapels,
befidcs private Houfes, were ruined by an Earthquake ; the
City of Angra, and the City of Fraya., were almoft laid dc-
lolatc at the fame Time, and the whok Ifle of St. Michael
9 T was

II J,;

ill

>f'i

'IrViMfT-

?o6 The Voyages atid Ohftrvatlom of ], A. dc M.mdcillvX', Book I.

r J '

?i; '^ m

■

'■ '-^' K» M

;■ -'^^■^' ■

^■vcf. ■

w« lb terribly Hukcn by an E-irthqiuko, on the ifilh
ot Junt i6a8, tlu» at Ibme im*\\ DiHaiiv- troin the Sliorc,
the Sea oper»ftl in a I'lace win re w.u 130 Katlmni Water,
and thence thruA forth a liruil Il1<* o\ i I^-.tgur anil an
half in Lergth, at Icall 60 Fathom alxjve the Water.
Thefc two lilamii hav»- alio certain hot S|irinj!!>, whence,
•lul at fome Didance from them, arilt- liilj'hurt'uj Njjkiuti.
About three Lra^\ir^ from //»t^r.;, is a Sprini^ wliifh turns
Wood CO Stonr, as is cvKiciuly to bt lirn by a certain
Tree, the Root when of, as far *s it hath been umlcr Wa-
ter, is ahfoluti-ly (x-trirtetl, wlKteas the I'runk, and all
the ttll, art not the icall changed. The Illc ot Pico has
a peculiar lort of Wood as hard as Iron, red as Scarlet,
ii» which, when cut, appear certain V« ms hke the water-
ing ot a Camblrt, of which are made very fine Cabmen,
which -re highly ellcemcd in /V/k/.i/. C'tilar is fo coni-
mon among them, that they do not only iile it for their
ordinary lnHilliolii Sturti, but alio for FusI \ ray, they
make whole Waggons ami Boats of it. Thry hare fcarct
any Commodities except Provil'ions, which they fell to
the Ships that touch here to take in Refrclhmcnts, as thcjr
are RoinR t'l the Ettft-lniiifi.

'I he III* ot Si. Mubatl is about 10 LiaRues long, ly-
ing 28 ly agues S. l'\ from that of lirtera. Its capital
City is called Punt* Diignda, its Soil very fniidul, pro-
ducing more Wheat than they are able tu conlume. I'he
worf\ IS, tliat (l>ey have no lai'e Koad for Ships to ride in.
The Ille of St. Mary being not above twelve Ixagues in
Com) af«, lies twelve Leagues South from that ot St. Mi*
tkul I if; Protlufts are ProviGons, and Potters Flarth. The
Illc oif Gratiofa lies ftven or eight Leagues N. L. from that
of Ttrttrj, ifsCompak iieing not above live or fix Leagues.
It has (',ot its Name (roin us I'lcalantncls, and vail Pwnty
of all fort"i ot Fruits. TIk- Illc of St. Gttrge, which is
twelve I /-agues long and broad, lies eight or nine Leagues
to the N. W. from that of Ttrctr*. It is well ftocked with
Provifions, tl.ough it be full of Mountains, which furnilh
them with vail Store of Cedar, which they fell to thole of
Trrccra, where it is ma<le into Joiners anti Cabinetmakers
Works, and tranfpf:rted thtiKc to other Flairs.

The Illc of F,iyat beir.g at Itall fcvcntecn or eighteen
Leagues in Cirnimterciice, Ik s Icvcn I iCagiies to the S. W.
ill ut llut of St. Cftr^e, be.ng ilw l>ell of all the Azerts
ntxt to thole of Ifrifni and St. Mi, hat!. Its capital City
li Culled I iiiii Dijl.t, iiihalntid r hi. fiy tiy the I'ollcrity of
the tliintaiiif^s wr had Oi< dion to iiuntion liefore. They
ferd hiiuc aliin:.irKe ot I'l'jViUoiij, bet efperiilly F'llh to
ilu cthiT llla;ul>. 1 lie- Iik- ol / ..» lias us Naiuc from the
higli I'cak or Mountain within it called Pi(o, fuppofe«l to
lit aj ii.jy'i as the I'cak oi the gnat (Miiry Ijland, of which
I IhaJJ hereafter lj)ejk It lits ci.'Julcd Utwixt the Ifles of
/ :rtf/, whiiKf It 1$ dillaiit three Leasees to the S F.. of Si.
(•f-rgt and 'Iir.er.i, from the tirl' of wliicli it lies fimr
I cayuis to the S. W . and from the Utter twelve Iragjes
to the W S. W. Their Lintib an accounted more ter-
tile here t!u;^ t: olc ol any ot the oii.ir Ides,

The Illc of i-krtj, as wc told ypii, wc g.>t Sight of the
19th of Nt'.tmitr, i)cing Irvciuy i>rjgutj to the Well of
lerctra. luiet is twfnty leagues in Circiimterencr, and
the Illc of Cor-w is no mure tlun two leagues Diflance to
the North ; Th y are Ixifh utuler the Pa.uf^kize \ but their
UilUncc from the /zercs Ihcws them r.ot to l< of their
Nuinb<-r. As tl ■ ^hxives he very convenient for the Re-
frcflimcnt ol t!;r I'ortugiuzt Ships bound to tin- Eajl- Indies
and £r./'/, they ar<- vciy mnhA ol their Prdervation v
whtnct: it .s they will aliuw no 1( reigncn to view the Coall
of the ifi- rl tercera, tor Icar thry fhouk!, by its Weak-
nefs be invitril tu Lru\ sod (titi,- tncre. The Air is very
cU.ir an»l whokUniK-, but wi:iial v^ry Iharp, lo that it lor-
rodrs Iron. a;)d cui.Iumus Store* in a tew Years, which is
the Rt-aion they uir Fiint Stoii<» 111 their Bui!>!ir.f',s, whifh
haviiij; lam (i,r a crjt.fi.lerablc Time under \\ at.r near the
Sca-Si.'<, .iTi- luitcr <]u.iiiiuvi than other Stoiies to refill
the Sluipiulsol lilt Air.

Ikii Utoic wt iiavr the ylfnmH Coutl, it will not be
aniits to Uy lumttlmp nl il;r (.jur.ry IJlaiut v^hich lie upon
till- Coall oiiJM.fitt to l',:i/raiiiir. 'I ht Wiiollumrwls ot the
Air, and tin- lirtility »>i the S«,:l, jiroturcd tiicm the Naine
w the /"/'.'.' yjr/K/w/rf 4inuiig the Ancients tliijugii one

of them H alio called Canitria, by Pliny, or,.;.w, ar.jPv
/(T««y, which n>ntradi<Jls the Opinion il tiiojc w'lw afTirm
that thofc who dilcoveral them in the Year i 'aj, mv'.
them the Name of CtHoria from th<! many Unes'fuuii'
there. They arc leveii in Niimiier. viz. Ijmcrvia Pir-
Itntntura, the great tan.iry, 'Itwriff.i, (iom.r,,, and Palma
extendint; Irom Lall to Wefl, in a manner in a dircft Line'
Lewis Cinmt UtrmoHi hating in i^^S. gnt a (.rant from
the Pope ol thele Illamls, let out a Flet ro riuhavour th«
Conqucll of them, which w.is i)«rftct.,i accordingly under
the Proteftion of the Kiny of An.t^cn ■. Init the fame hein-i
alterwards relimiuilhed by D Ixuh tit la Cerda, the Hi/in.
MU and .ituLlu/ians having fent out lomc Vcflels, fiirpnied
the Ille of Lanz^rcita, whence thry broufjht back to mucfi
Wealth, that the King of Gi//»/* then refolved upon the
Conquert of thefc Wands, which, doubtlefs, he wouitl have
effected, had not the more prelTing Wars he was engaoe^
in with his Neiplibours, diverted him from tfiat Purpolc.
Not manv Years after, a Irencb Genikman, named
Jcbn dt BethMccnrt, hiring obtained a Commiirion from
Henry III. then King of Spain, to conqtier thefe Illandj,
under the Condition that he and his Polleriiy Ihould ac*
knowledge the Sovereignty of the Crown of Cti/Ult, he
was fo fortunate ai to make himfdf foon Mailer of the five
ledcr Iflands, but could not bring the two great ones under
Sul^lion. However, the King of CaJHU, as Sovereign,
having fent thhher a Bifhop, this octafiuned I'uch a Dirter-
ence U-twcen him and Beihancouri'i Nephew, whohadluc.
ceedcd his Uncle, that the King of Cajiile was forced to
lend thither one Ptdra Barbs, who having forced the
Frniihmtn thence, gave the Illandu, as a liowry, with hi?
Daughter, to one Ptrtra, wfio aflummg the Name of King
of the Canaries, left no Stone unturned to make himfelf
Mafler of them all by the Conquefl of the remaining lilands ■,
but liniling his Flndeavours to prove fruitlefs, he told four
of thefc lilands to Ferdinand, funiamed the Cathoiick King
of /Irrtrcn, refcrving to himfelf only that of Ctmare, with
the Quality of an Karl. King Ferdinand had the good For-
tune to reiluce the two great Idands alio, which ever fince,
as well as tiK reU, have remained under the Sfamjh Jurif-
didion.

The great Canary Iflc is computed to contain above nine
thoufand Inhabitants, being alio the Rclidemc of the Bifhop,
Inquifitor, and Great Council, which manage the pul^lick
Aliairs of all the other lllcs. Bcfuies that excellent Wme
li) well known and elleemed in Ftiroft, it produces W hear.
Barley, Honey, Wax, and Sui;ar-CaMCS, and rhe Plenty
they have of Cattle, niak-"; thnn trade inuih in leather
with the Spaniards, Englijh, Duith, and Hiimburgbtn ; the
lirll in thi ir Voyages to the H'tJl-hHits, take molt of their
frclh Provifioris in here. The Ille ol ieneriffis famous tor
its Mountain called Ei Pica, tuing accounted tlie highcft in
the World, fo that it may be dilcovercd alx)ve fixty Lca'^uti
at Sea ; and on the Top a Man may fee all the other
Canary fflamis, though fome of them are fifty l.eagues di-
flant Irom this ■, but it re<]uires three Days Time to pet up,
which mull \x either in July, or .lugufi, it being covered
With Snow all the rHl ol tl»c Year, though there falli
none in any of thole lllaiuls.'

The Iflc of Fifrro tlaitm the next Place to that of 7V«.
r//", among the Can.uy l.'ani.:--, 11 lusj^ot its Name Irom the
Drought ol thcCMOum:, v^hichlieing without Water, fcr.-ns
to be of Iron : lor, cxc: pr a lew Springs near th' Sea-
fliore, this wfiole IiLind is wuh" ir a Kivnlcr, Bnxjk, Weil,
or Sjiring, againll winch Del.uilt provident Nati;re li«
bletfed this Illand *itii a crrt.mi Tree, wluth has m Ke-
lemblance toanyothir lever law, cither iriAwCjfi' or tli-/»f-
dies, and Hands in tl.r very Ccntie- it tl.c Ille. lt> Leaves
are very long, fiut narrow, and nr vi-r ctalc to \k green,
neither in Winter or Suiniiicr. fitwixt fiic Branches haii(j
t.loiKis whidi arc never dilfclltd, but arc corlLintly dil-
folved in a lit)uid Subllance, which hanging tu the Leave-j,
tall from thrncr as ele.ir as Water into tlie Ciftcrni that
are nuilc unelcr the Tree on pur[n/lc to receive it. and that
in Inch gieat (Quantities, that they arc never empty, but
provide fufticieiit Quai ties to liij-ply both Men and Beaifs.
It is the Opinion ol i.ie Inhabitants, and thole that have
frequently laileil in thcte Parts, that a hundred Leagues
Well ol the Canaries there has been teen a certain JUanJ

(ilea

iii.i»«)r t«p!- sj'jt ; ■' -t' ; [*;.]

W, Book I.

7ims or,.'r;ttj, tr.tiPit-
i» nf tlifilc wlio 4firm,

the Yur 1 34 J, gt>.i,
ih(! mwiy Cuncs fuuiid

r/e. iMntriiia, hr-
',1, (IdtMiru, and /'nAw,
n4nnCT in a ilircdt Line.
14S. F"t -i tTuntfrom
Fl.Tt to cmlcavour th«
t\rA iiccoriimgly undrr
en ; Uit thr J^jnie being
He laCfrda, iht Hifiay.
fbme Vcflcis, fiirpriwd
I hrouf^ht back In much
hen rriblvfil upon the
ouhtlef], he would have
5 Wars he was engantd
lim from that Purpolc.
neb Gentleman, named
led a G^mmilTion from
) conquer thefe Illandj,
hii Foilrriiy ihould ac-
; Crown of CaJHIt, he
f foon Mailer of the five
he two great onc5 under
of Caftilt, at Sorereign,
xxafiuned fuch a Differ-
s Nephew, who had fuc-
jf Citjiilt was forced to
who having forced the
In, as a l>)wi7, with hij
iminR the Name of King
^turned to maice himldf
of the remaining Idindsi
>vc fruitief], he told four
imcd the Latholick King
nly that of Cemart, with
diiiand had the good For-
ds alfo, which ever fmce,
I under the ifamjli Jurif-

Itcd to contain above nine
t Rcfident c of the BilTiop,
11c h manage tlic jiul'lick
iiics that excellent Wine
\roff. It proiiocc!. Wheat,
Lanes, and the Plenty
ti.uii' inuih in ixather
', and Hiimburgbtrs -, the
Irdits, take molt of their
cjI 'ItntTiff IS famous tor
accountetf the highcft in
■red alwve fixty Lta;;uci
may fee all the other
■m are fifty leagues di-
ce Pays Time to pet up,
Auf^ufi, It being covered
ear, though there falls

•xt Place to that of I'cni'
.IS t?ot Its Njinr truin the
;gwiilu.ut Water, terms
w Springs near th' Sea-

Kivulcr, Brwk, Weil,

proVHkiit Nature hil
Ircf, wiuch has no Ke-
,tl,rrii./L'«re;"'orth^/»-

,,t tl.c llle. It> Leaves
.rvi-r ttalc to t)c preen,
twixt riic Branches haii(j
1, but arc conlUntly dil-

hanging to the Leavej,
.r luio the CitK-mi that
..tc to receive It. -iiid that
[y are never empty, but
jjy both Men and BealU.
,nts, and thole that have
;(,at a hundred Leagues

:n fcen a certain HUnd
(iTed

Chap. II. through the greateft Part tf///*^ E A S T - 1 N D I E S. 80^

railed S/. BorenJoH, very pkafant and fruitful, and inha*
bited by Chriilians \ but aiu not Me to tell you how It
came to be ncopled, and what Languiige U in (J fe there,
rhe SpMtards inhabiting the Canaruj, have made frveral
Attempti to find it out •, biic whetlw r the thick Foga,
which lurround it, or the Current of the Sea, which keep*
Ships from the Shore, is the Occafion that it has not been
difcovered i ceruin it is, tlut no body hithnto has been
able to give a fatisfadory Account of it.

i«. But to return to our Voyage, the Wind turning to
the South the 29th of Newmitr, wc took our Court? to
the North, leaving the Ifle of J-'larej to the Eaft of us, and
foon loft Sight oi that as well as of the Hie of Ctrvo. The
30th of November we made thirty-one Leahies to the
North with a South-Souih»weft Wind, and at Noon found
ourfelves in 40* 31' Latitude. December the ^d we made
thirty-four Leaguea with the fame Wind and Courfc \ ami
the 4th, a North-eaft Wind advanced us twenty fcven
Leagues to Eaft-North-eatt. The 5th the Wind coming
to the South-wefl, wc continued the fame Courfe, and got
thirty-feven Leagues. It was thb JJay exactly eleven
Months fince wc had been totfed up and down the Sea, tho*
our Voyage hail been tolerable enough ever lince our Depar-
ture from Madagafsar. The bth it lilcw a Storm out of the
Eatf , but the W ind being for us, we ail vanccd fifty Leagues.
It is obfervable, that as foon as you are pafl'ed the /htores
lllands, you may afTure yourfelf of a Weft Wind, let it be
wlut Sealon cf the Year it will, till you come to the Coatt
of England, it being very fekbm known, that it turns either
dirciff ly to the South or North, tho' perhaps it may change
a few Points of the Compafs.

The 7th the Wind turning to the Weft, we failed thirty-
nine Leagues to the I'lall-Northeall. The 8th we made
fortyl'cven League?, with a very brifk Gale, to the South-
eaft, keeping the iiime Courfe \ and the 9th, with a Soutli-
South-well Wind made thirty-one Leagues to the N«>nh-
North-caft. We found ourlelves in 490 13', the Wea-
ther being very coKI, and a fandy white Bottom at fixty-
eight Fathom, and in the Evening founding again, found
but fifty-three Fathom, the Sand not io white as in the
Morning. The Wind chopping about to the North-Eall
in the Night, was diredly in our Teeth till the loth about
Noon, when coining to the South-well, we made twenty-
two Leagues. I'he i ith, we cfpicd, at Break of Day, two
Englijh Shi^w, and in a few Hours after, that Point of Corn'
ttrf// called the hmd's-End; we endeavoured to double the
I'oint, the Wind being contrary, and with much ado made
fixreeii lica^ues. The 12th, the Wind being full againtl
us, wt continued lowciing, and at a Dillance we faw an-
other En'lijh VctTel, but tould nut come near it. The
i;<t!i the Wind bcin^; at South-well ami South-South-wett,
wc tU-errd our Courfe to the Fall- South-tail, and to the
Fail, with A Point to the South. We made fixty-four
Leaj^ucs to 41)" I..-itinHie the 14th, aficT having changed
our Couric to the Fill-Noitheall, m order to make the
Channel, wliuii divides Ln^^^liind ixom France,

Wc law two Duicb Wife Is and a Dunkirker not far from
115} but the Roaring i-t the S.a prevented our hearing one
aiiuther. The filtecMli we fleered the fame Courfe, and
met with three Dutch .Ships bound for Brqfil, not far from
the IJle of ll'ij^hl, which lies in 50° 26' Latitude, and 190 4'
Loiif^itude. The i()ih, I7 1 en in theMorning, we pafftd in
Sii;lit of Dover Callli-, and alxiiit Noon tame to an Anchor
in the Downs, and this conipleatcd our Voyage in the 12th
Month, after our IVpaiture from Surut. Wi- faw there
near a hundred Ships luliMf* at Author, in lix^x-dation of
liir Weather, it Ikiii!; to lioillcious, that for two Days
alter wc could not lUr out ot our Sl;i[). 'J he Enghflj Ad-
miral, who was then with lome Nlen of War jn the
Do.i)i.i, invited the ii>th (when the Wind was tbmewhat
luulj the I'riTideiit to Dinner, wlm taiuiig nie along with
him, I had my Share in the I'liueriainiiKiit, which was fo
iTVigniticent buth for Meat, aiul the s^reat Cjiiantity of Plate,
that the King's i able could llarcc liave been better fcivcd
ill I.cndon.

As wc were cxtrcamly well ple;dld with our Entertain-
ment, lo it was near Night betoie we got into our Boat.
Our Ship lay not above a Nlulket Siuit from the Adn^ral}
but nu luona were wc ^ot uico u, than 4 fuddcn Scuim

ffirced m to >Scai the Waves continually coming over out
Boat, fo that we were obliged to make the belt Stiift we
cotild to call out the Water, without Intcrmidlon, with our
Hata. We now began to refleft, how, that after we h.iJ
furmounted lb many l>«nger< durinft this tedious Voy.igPi
we Ihould at laft lie fhinwreck'd in S^ht of our dear Coun-
try, and in that very Pait whiihcr we were come with fu
much Danger 10 feck for Saleiy \ but, to be fhort, we were
for (bur Flours thus betwixt Hope and Defpair, when at
laft we got Sight of a fmall VelTel, but fo miferably torn
by the lemitcft, that it had loft all its Anchors but one,
which was \va llrong enough to keep from being forced
out to Sea. However, we betook ourlelves to our
Om, futina up to our Waitls in Water, and with much
ado reached the Veirel, m which in etFea we were not
much later than in our Boat, as being in danger to be
ftavtd againft a dangerous Sand-b«nk, which was not l.ir
ofFj but the Cold we had endured in the Ship had fo dif-
aUed u« in all Rtliicifls, that we were not apnrchcnlive ot
our Condition, lieing in a manner half dead the next Day,
when we were brought to our VclTel, where they had \},i\a\
us over for hitl, and bewailed our Death.

On the J4th another Tempeft arofe, which was fo vio-
lent that twcnty.lmir Ships were forced to cut their Malb,
among the Number of which was alfo our VelTel, not K)
much by iheTctnpcft.as for two Men of War being forced
from their Anchors, which would eHV have run foul upim
us. The a 6th we got at laft to the to long willicd furE-^iJ/j
Shore, and lay the fame Night at Ciiniirbury, the t athe-
dral of which claims the Prcfcience bciore any other in
EHgUnJ, and ii not inferior to fbme of the beft Stiiiaures
in the World. 'I'lu: j^th we came to Grave/end, and the
a8lh to LtmioM, U-ing met in our Way by certain Direc-
tors of the Eiijt' India Company, who flaid for the Preli-
dcnt'i coming at Bhtkvxtll, with eight Coaches.

29. On the 30th I viewed the Eaft-India Houfe, and
took that Opjiortunity to return Thanks to the Dircfton
for the many Civilities I had received at the Prcfldcnt's
Hands i and they having made a Iplendid lintcrtainment
for him that Day, I was alfo invited. The 31ft, and the
III of jMnary we were Ipleiididly trcitrd by fome En-
glijb Merchants, and the id by Sir Edmund irrigbt, the
then Ltird-Mayor of Lcndon. As he was much delighted
in the Relation of tho many Adventures that had befalL-n
us during our Voyage, to he would needs invite the Prcli-
<iciit and me again the next Day, our Dilcourfc runr.ing
uiHin the many Dangers wc h.ul Wcapcd,

'I'he l^rd-Klayor, to (hew us that Sea-faring People
were fubjccl to tiich, and olicnetcaped mucli greater Dan-
ger, relacd to us a Story of a certain Diiub Seaman, who,
being f ( I imc Crimes condemned to Death, his PuiiiiTi-
ment wu. t',«nj;ed into that of BaniOimcnt into the Ifle of
■S'/. IhltHi, wtiv which they were, which was done accord-
ingly . This p(H)r Wretch, thinkin;? this Solitude infup-
ponable to ium, rcfiilved raiiier to hazard his Life at any
Rate, than to ciuhiir it •, and, having met with a Coffin,
in which a Sea OlKurr had l^;n interred the Day bcforcj
he, without inoic ado, irnik out the dead Corps; and hav-
ing cut out the upjier Board of the Coffin, made a kind of
Ruilder, put lumlelf into it, and fo went out to Sea : As
good Chance would have it, the Ship unto which he had
belonged, was becalnTd at a League and an half Diftance
from the Shore » aivl tin; Ship's Crew obferving lb odd a
kind of a VclVel Ihuiin^? on rhe Surface of the Water,
thought it had Ix'cn .111 Apparition, till, coming nearer
ami nearer the Ship, they Itood amazed at this unaccount-
able Boldnels of the Man, who had ventured fo far in two
or three I'icccs of Boards, without being airiiied whether
he tliould Ik received or not. It being put to the Que-
ilion, it was a( lall reliilved lie Ihould be taken on Board,
which W.1S done av\"t)rdingly \ iind he returned to Holland,
where he lived afterwards in the I'own of Hern.

He gitvc us another Intiance of this kind, of an £«-
glijbmun, who, being taken by a Erencb Privateer in the
Pacqurt-Boat jvung fixiin Enf^tiuid to Dublin, was freed
from the Privateer by a tudden Storm, which parted them,
but foon alter fplit the Pacquct-B<iat againft a Rock on the
Cwall of Scotland, opjKilite to that of Ireland. The En-
glijhmttn, wiUi aiivthur of the Crew, luppened tg be caft

aWiiy

' ■■.■^ji)^'

I .1

i s

I '

JIU

808 7Ti)e Foyagcs and Obfavatiom o/" J. A. dc Mandcllloe, Book I.

lifr£E_

•way upon thf Rofkt, whrrf thrv made 4 iMlt to tnt\ x
Hut cut of fome Btvird* bf lonRing to their Shm. They
livcti upon the Sea-mrws ilicy catchetl, which thf y dried
in the Sun,«n«l fo eat them raw \ m alfo upon certain I'hrii
ihey fonml in the Crfviers ol the Kotks whith kept
thrm from ftarving : But tlieir prcatrll Want was freih
Water, of whi( h they ha«l none Ihji what the Kain heliied
thtm to. They fonfiniietl in thti Condition lix Weeks \
at the Expintion of which the Et^ii/bmM, waking in the
Morning, nriifTnl hin Confipanion (whom he (uppotifd to
k fallen from the Roek thitnigh CaftlcfTnclj) the only
Comfort of his I ifV. In this Solitude, which almort threw
him into Drfpair, eliwially when the apprcurhinp Winter
made every tnirp apjiear with a inort doletui At|)eit than
before, hi* !Iut being covemi with Snow, he matle the
hardcll Shilt in the World to fuftain himlcit, till alter a
milcrabic Life of eleven Months fome Seamen belonging
to a F.'fmi^ Ship, rommandeiJby Captain /*/c*w.»«, tanious
for hi-. Art in prttirg f«it the great Ciuns of the Spamfb^lr-
mtJit, forced \ii>on the CoalV o» Stetland and Irildnd in
158F, by Temprlt, as they wrrr looking tor fc-ggs difco-
vcretl this poor Wretch, whom, at laU, with many tn-
treatifs, the)- took into their Velfrl, being all black, hairy,
and n'cigfr, mon* like a Sne^tre than .1 Man j and hav-
ing Riven h:m wluf Refremmenf. the Ship itVorded, Jirt
him afliore at Dtrry in IrtlmJ, from whence he afterwards
rttumcd into hn^tnnd.

A third Relation he was pleafeil to ^ve us of a moft
furpnllng Rrfolution of four Seamen, who, lirin^ taken
hv the .Hgtrtnes, and one of them being a Caq<enrrr, thry
relolve»l to mak- a fmall Boat, and venture in it in the
o|^n Sea, in orJer to their Deliverance \ anordinglv, hav-
ing fitrrtly nude what Pcrtparation they could for the
Kxccxition of tl'.ii DtTtgn, they took olf tivc Hoards Imtn
the St<irc Room, two whf r<of were emj>loycd Jor the Bot-
tom of the Boar, two more for the Sides, ami the littli for
the Prow and I'oop, their (^iilt ferving tor Towc. T he
Boat being well pitched, a;id the appointed lime come,
they found that their Boat was fo little as not to contain
above two, fo th.11 two of the Confedrrates were oblige*!
to flay l)ehind -, the other two, being an Enghlbman and a
Dutibman, prrfil^.ing in thnr Rdolution to go forward,
Irt It ccft what it would ; accordingly, having found
Means x^i pruviJc n Pair ot Oar<i, a Puce of a Sail, and
a ncndtr I'uifcij tf Brraii and Irtlh Wafr, they boKily
put to Sea, haviri^ neither t om[iars net AUrolalv ; (ii that
ixing ovrrtakcn I y a Stnrni, they wire lorcc.i to go where
the Wind would rarry them, thtir chief Bul'incfs being to
cx'\ o»it the Watt-r which continually carr.- into t!ic Hoar,
.I'ld loon fjx^ilcd what little Bread they luii ; which toge-
ther with the want ol Reft, had btouglit them fo low,
that they were fiarce able toltantl on their I-egs, In this
milrrab'f Condition Chance brought thtm to the C(»aft of
Biirijrt, uhcrr, lighting on fome Wood that fcrvcd them
to refit and enlarge their Boar, which they ha«i no iVxiner
done, but being in manifeft Danger of being killei! Ly th?
Inhabitaiit*, wrre foiced to chuli: the n'.ain Sea a leconJ
Time, ar.d, at !all, after lieing tofled up and down in the
Sea tor ten P.iy', were call upejn the k'paitij}.' Coalh near
fliC Cajie of S.'. Mjrtin, bttwten Ai-.canI nrwA i\u'rnlftT,
where, btirg civily crtertaincd by the Itilubitant', they
after came into /■.»,?«»(/.

30. On the 6th I law the Kirg of /■ 'r^lanJ toMch ma-
ny Perfon* that were afflicted with the hit!, and the Ce-
remony Ixingovrr, my lord Siraffprd tii.l me the Ho-
nour to intrcxiuce n c to his Majcfly to kit's his Hand, and
.if'tTwards to the Q^icen, both their Majcllies, at frveral
1 iT.es aft,r, being plcafnl to bellow foinc Time in hear-
ing n-.y Relations of my Travels, el'pccially ot thofe into
J'ir/ij and Mafa-iy. Dunn;' my Stay ol three Mor.ths 111
En^Lithi, \ fprnt Pait of my 1 ime at Court, and the
rcll in u'l.mg a Vi-w of what was motV worthy of Ob-
l<rvjt:f.n 1:1 lj.tuir.1, and the adjicent Places, fuch a,
It'l'it Ha!.', St. yj^tci'', llnmf-lon-Court, If^./nnnjier-
Hal!, and the /1i"-^ Grttn-.VKh, the Tatuer, bet. And
having by this Time fnfficiently recovered myrflt ol tlf
I-atij'U'. of fo tcdimis 3 Vcyaj" , and received the Money I
cx;va*d t'om my n.vivc Country, I left Lomien on the
?oth ot Mnd', an.! taking Wattr for GravefcnJ, went

thencf for Rtehjltr, and coming the 341)1 lo Dtvtr fm.
Iwrked the iKth for Ihmiirk, where I arrived thc'limi
Day. The a6th I continued my Journey thence to Nnti
ptrt, where I iUyeil that Night, and caaw the next Day
to hrituj, and the 29th to Uktiu, where 1 lUyed unly ,J
the a 111 of yfprii, when i proiitcuted my Journey to Bryf.
ftls, the capital City of the Province o» BrahtM. Attcra
Stay of two Days at BruJiU, I came the 5th to IjtuvaiH^
ami travelled the fame i>ay four Leaguea larther to Afc,i!
Iin , thence i profecuted my Journey the 6th to ^ivitrp
where 1 (Uyetl two Days, and the 9ih and lotb tr»veli«i
to Brtda, where, having fpent the Remainder of th«
Day, I made five Uaguei the ncit Day to B$ii-U-4tu, or
Bi!tin(.

Ihe nth I lirt forward again for Ctrtndnkurt
whence I took Boat the fame llay tor Riittrddm, where 1
arrived the 1 ^th, antl continiird my Journey the liunc Uiy
for Dt!/i, and lo farther through the Hagui^ by tlic Way J
LnJtn to Harlrm. This City, which a the biggeil ne«
to Amfttrdam, in the Province of Htlkiti, challengcth
the Glory of the Invention oJ the Myftery of Printing by
one ot its Inhabitants, named Ijmrntt Ctflor, who, in
the Year 1410, lirlt made the CharaAenot Beech-wood,
and afterwards having ailiu found out the Ink, that to this
Day is ufrd by Pnnten, he changed the wooilen Charac-
ters into leaden ones \ and having at \i& mode them of
Tin. he brought the wliole to Perfection in 1440', in Me-
mory ot which the Senate of Htrltm have cauled thelgi.
lowing InlLription to be fi:t over the Houlc he lived in,

AfemcrU Sacrim, Typcxraphia, /In Artium em»ium ff«.
fervatrix, niac frimumiimfniattrta Ammum 1440.

leaving Harlim in the Kvening, I came the fame Night
to AmfttrJam, ot which Place having heard to much m
the hdifi, I relblved to Ipend fome Tunc in taking a View
of if. The tirft Thing that furpriied me the next Morn-
ing wa<, that vail Numbcn ot People which to crouiied
the Streets, that a Man could very Itardly pals ; but when
I came to the Port, 1 Ihiod anvued at the prodigious
Numlier of Ship, wiiich appeared at a Ditbncc no other-
wile than one continued Korelf, ef)>ecially when I wis in-
f(jrmed how manv Ships were abroad at that Time, bound
to all Parts of the World \ and that I law every Day a
corfidcrable Number go to their own, ami other adjacent
Cfutls. The vail Stores brought thither even from ail the
mort remote Parts of the World, elf)ecially in the Houlc of
the Eajl-India Company, made me imagine no oilifrwili:
tl.an that all I had feen in my Travels thro* lb great a I'art
of the (ilobe, was centered in this Place, there being
t'lKh proiligious Quantities of Spices, Silk, and Porcelain
here,thatQ7»tf, and all the reft uf the /)ny««,liremed to have
exhaufted their Store- hotifes, to lay them up in this City.

It was in the Year 1 505, that the DuKb, by the En-
couragement of a certain Men h mt, w hole Name was O-
nttius Iloulman, and who had liveil a conliderablc Time in
Portugal, undertook the firll Voyage to the Eafi-lndii.
along the Jfrican Coatl -, their Delign of finding out the
Northern PulTagc having proved alorhvc. The full Voyage
did not anfwcr the l.xpjrtation ol the Merchants, notwith-
(landing which they lent right Ships more thither. In ijjS
and I (joo.fhcy fent another Squadron, but by difiin'ntOw;,-
ers, to that lor tear of deflroying this lo powerliil i Trai e,
.1 Charter was granted to all the Perlijns conctrntd in WC,
for rwtnry Vrar, and fix Chambers erct'lcd, viz. at Am-
ftrrdam, confitling of twenty Directors, Midd.'etorou^h tu'
/<fl/j»»//, twelve Diret-Hors ; at £)r///,and Rotttrdam forth-
M(Mje\ at Horn, and Enki>ui/fnfofK''rJl-Eri(z!aH.lith(\<:
four laft confirting each of Icven 1 JirecTtors. According ro
the fame Charter the City ot AmjUrdam was to defray one-
half of all the Clurges, and to fend eight Deputies to the 1.'
general Meetings, and thofe of the Mutje and H'tllrii^-
land one half-Quarter each, and to lend two Deputies
each.

Their original Stock amounted to 6,cod,o:x) I'rmh
I.ivres, which wai improved to that Dej';rce, that in tiit
Year 161 ^ the Perfons concerned had gamed two hun-
dred and fixtv upon the hundred, and the next Year the
Profits were more codfiderable. The Regularity of the

.Strcti'.

loe, Book I.

e a4tli to Dtv*r, cm.
re 1 axrivcd the ltm«
uurney thnicc to Nnu'
Mi caaM th« nc» Qty
where 1 ftayta unly to
i my Jounit.7 to H'lf'
t*A Brakmi. Alter •
le ilie 5th 10 /^Kvai'ji,
■agun larthcr to Mttb'
ry (he 6th to Aniwnp,
9th and lotb iravtiled
te KeiiMinder ot thtt
Uty to Btii-U-iiu, or

lin for Gtrtninhmri^
or Rttttrdim, whert 1
f Jounwy the (June Uiy
• //djtM, by the W»y of
Itch II the biggeil next
)l H$limd, challengeth
Myfteryot' Vnntingby
MTtmt Ctftor, who, in
iraAenot B(rech-w«x)d,
tut the Ink, that to this
nl the wooilcn Charac-
^ at Uft nuJe tlicni ut'
lection m 1440', inMc-
ifm have cauird the tul*
te Houlc he hvcd id.

/In Arlium ewMium (sn-
t<tr(a>1*nk»i 1440.

, 1 came the fame Night
iving heard lb much in
e Time in taking a View
ized mc the next Morn-
'eople which to crouded
f Jiardly j>alj ; but when
lazed at the prodigioui
1 at a Ditlsncc no other-
fpecially when 1 w« in-
Dad at that Tiinr, bound
;hat 1 law every Day a
own, and other adjacent
thithtrevcn Iromallthe
IjKCially in the Houlc of
lie imagine no otiirrwitc
vels thro' lb great a I'oJt
this Place, there bring
CCS, Silk, and I'orceliin
he /*/i«,fcemcd to have
ly thnn up in thi'»C.itv.
[ the Dmfb, by the tn-
t, wliol'e Name was Ctr-
il a conlidcrablo Time in
)yaf;e to the Eaji-lidir>
elign ol fimling out the
ortivc. 'I'he fu ftVoy.ige
hcMerchants notwith-
IS more thither. In iwS
oii,butbyiiiftiri-ntOw;>
:his lo powerlui a'lraie,
tlbns coiiccrntil in i(c',
ers ereaeii, r/2. at ■■f'"-
tltm, Middlthrou^h •"'
7, and RotUrJam for th-
3r Hujl-t'ri(z!an.l 1 thele
)ire(flc)rs. According to
trdam was to defray oni-
.1 ciKht Dcpiitif; to the:.'
e Mut}( and ircllnti-
to lend two Dcputici

Chap. II. /W^/; the grcatcft Part of the E A S T - 1 N D I E S. 809

•d

I. to 6,(>QO,ooo Frmk
ihat LVj7«. 'hit in Oii.
■d had giincd two \m-
■ and the next Year tk
The Regularity ot the
.Stfcti-

Streets am! Water-cliaiincN, nivl tlie Neatiie li and Splendor
of the Bridges and Hoiilcs ot Awfitrdain is not to be inia-
pincd, except by thofe who luvc been F.yc-witnelli-s of ir,
efjiecially tliofe in the new lowii, and many of which ought
nther to br called Falares t lian the HoiiUs of private IVr-
lonj. Among the publjck Sirudfurrs tiic old and new
Churches arc worth Obfervatirw, and if the Town houlc
be ctJmpleated, according to the Draught I fuw of it, it
will, beyond QweOion, vie v. .^h any of the nobicll Strur-
nireiin the Wond.and the I'.uhuMj'e of .imjlt-r Jam lurjuins
that of Lenden, in the Number of Heopk- tlmt daily relbrt
thither, as it does that of .1niv.'(r^ in Magiiitkence ; not to
mention here the Gates of the City, and its three Sluicti,
which cannot be matched in tli'- Worlil.the pnblick School,
Colledge, Arfenal, a Playhoiili, Anatomy hall, and other
puhlick F.ditWs, which defervc the Travellers neiuli.ir
Obfervaf iorf. But to come to a Conclufion of my Voyage •,
after a Sray of eight Days ar .hnjterdam, I took Shipping
for fhrnturgb the j 3d of Afn!, where I arriveil lafcly the
2Sth, and alter I had relied rnylilf there lor one Day and
Nighr, continued my Journey to Gotlcrp, which I reached
the I ft of M^y, and had the I lonour to be admitted to their
HighnelTrs the Duke and Dutdicfs of Hof/lew, unto whom
1 gave a diort Account of the Succefs of my long and toil-
Ibmc Travels.

;i. 'I'he Obfervations publilhed by our Author arc of
a mixed Nature, part of tlum tiom his own known Know-
lcdj;e, and part from Information. It may be necellary
therefore to fay foinewhat as to the Realbns which induciii
us to prefer tlielb ObU'rvations to tholl- of other Men, who
might lie Eye-witnelTci of .ill they wrote. In tlie (iril place,
lit it be conlidered, that it is nccelTary to give the Reailcr
the moll Matter pollible in the hall iiooin, and thfrcfore
oneextenfive and well- wrote Voyage anfwers this End better
than feveral, and ar the lame time avoids ufelcfs .ind tcili-
ous Repetitions. The Merit of the Writer was another
great Confideration. It is maiiifell trom the CommifTion
with which he was intrutled, tliat he was a Man of Abili-
ties, or otherwilir he would not have been chofcn. It ap-
pears from the foregoing Part of his Travels, that his Con-
duifl jullitied their Clmirr, and that he made it his BufiiKfs
to bring back into Germany the cleared and bell Intelligence
that could be h.id, with regard to the Dcfign which liis
Mailer had then in View, and that was the Opening a new
Channel of Trade between Europe and the Indies. 'Ihc
ranv- Reafons theretorc that rcconiincndod him to, and pro-
ci.rcd him the Approbation ot his Mailer, gave his Works
a Title to a Place in this Coliedion, notwithllanding the
Obj^i'lions to which they may Irem liable at the fitft Sight.
Bur I'artlier Hill ; he w.is not only a Man of grent Judf^mcnt
hiii'.relf, but of great I-'-xjierience alio •, and as he was very
apable of dillinguiftiing upon Information what was tit for
liiin to rcj ort, and what nor, lb he was no Icl's careful in
leeking his Inluimation tiuin liich .is had it moll in their
Power to inlhuil, and at the lanv; tune were lead likely
to inipol'e upon him. The Advantage he had of confult-
inij the F.ii^lijh Profidcnt upon what he was told by the
SftminrJs ami Poriu^iieze mull have been of infinite Ser-
vice, liy rnabling him to coned and explain whatever he
rect ival from them 1 thenlorc taking .ill thcl'e Advantages
t(i};ctlHr, we may vciy Ijltrly tonc'uile, iluitthire hardly
ever was a V^oyag'j Writer b<[tcr qualified to deliver what
was tit fur the Poblu k to ke, than our Author.

It remains to p.ivc tome Aaount < f that Prince, by whofo
Dirictioii thtle \'o\a^is Wiie uiulertakcn, the Vicwj he
lud in cauling tluni to be uiuifitaktn, and the Conllquen-
CIS ot f.ich txtraoiiiinary and hazardous LIndcnaki!if;s fo
well and happily perlo:iiK-d. /•r^'./rrY* the third, Duke
ot It'j^JIrin Cot:o)p, was tlu; Son of Join ired.rick, So-
Vftfi^n of that Country, and the I'lim cis .lugujia, Daughter
to hederiik the ItconJ, King ot l):nmark. I le tiicceedcd
his bather in iiis Don.iiv.ons in the Year i6i6, and having
Ipciit a great Part of hi-. Time m improving his Country,
Ititling new M.unif.n.iui(S there, and opening a tree Coin-
nurce to Sweden, Ft.'aiiJ, and RkJ/ij, he began about the
Year 10 jo to think ot puaing in l-.xeeution a Piojeiit which
l..id long employed his Ihouiilits, by which he hoped
ilirougliiy to peopii-, and !',r<atly to t nrich, his new City ot
iieJiriAjhui!. Ik- was Ld to thiS by the Incitcuitnt of

N U .M H. ^4.

fome Merchants, whom he had drawn to fettle in hi»
Country by the great h'.ncourauements he gave them, and
who lii(j",(dc,i the Poiribihty of bringing into, and fettling
the Silk Trade in his Dominioi.s. At hrll Siaht this mnft
appear a very ftianv, and alinoll impradicable Pnijedt i
but when attentively confiderctl, it will appear in quite an-
other Light. *

Wc mud in the firft jlice confider, that the Nortli'>rn
Countries of Enrept were at that Time entirely fupplied
with all kinds of Silk Manufaftures from the Southern
Countrirj, and thele at the greatefl Didanre from them,
which was attended with many and great Inconveniencies \
befides the capital Mifchief ot fending annually vad Sumi
of Monry in return t(.r thofe Manufailures. The or.!/
Remedy that could b- applied to thele Mifchiefs was tlin
edablifliing this Commodity in the North, by brecdinf;.UKl
managing Silk-wovms there, which was indeed a tedious
hazardous, and iii all 'human Appearance, impradicablt*
Undertakin'% or elfe to fink a Step lower, and Ik: content
to imprt the Silk in the moll rcalbnablc Method, and a:
the lowed Price, l(> that the manufacHuring it might provi:
fulRcicntly profitable to the People engaged therein. Tiii;
Defigntoo, though lefs difficult than the other. Itemed hard
enough to compals, fincc a Voyage fiom the Baltiek to the
Mediicranean, which was the only means whereby either
French, Spamjh, or Italian Silks could be brought to Hoi-
ftein, mud have been necelfarily attended witii luch an Ex-"
pence, and the Silks imported would have come at lb dear
a rate, that it would have hecn impodible, lor many Years
at hall, to have inanufafturcd them toany Advantago. The
Commerce of the Levant, and ll,e iiiiportin>', Silk from
.Hrppo, or Smynui, mud have hem attended \\ith Itiil
greater Difficulties and l-'xptiice, lb that on rhis Si 'j thcK!
Icemed to be no Hopes of compalliiiv; Inch a I)i lign.

But Philip Crufius, who tirll engaged the Duke to thi. Ic
cf this Scheme, immcdiattly obviated thcfi; Objtdions ly
Ihewing that the Perfum Silks might be hail lljoner, and .;t
a cheaper rate in Ildjlein than in any of the Coi nti ics \\ iu n;
they were then manutadured. The Way he propoled was
through Muficvy, the Enmtieis of wiiich are divided
trom thofe of Perfia by the (lifpian Sea, the .Silk PioVir.ci %
of Ptrfia lying on the Coads ot that .Sea, lb that the ti.ar,!"-
porting them crofs the Ruffuvi Empire could k:\^oz b;
t deemed a more laborious or diliicult Undertaking tluii tl;.-
conveying them hy Caravans from Pafui tlirou^^h i!ie
'I'.irkijb Empire to Smyriui, or .-ileppo; and conreqiicr.tly, if
tlus Scheme could be cxecuttel, the Ports of Rif/flii, whicli
were very near, wouhl I'eivc as etVcdually lor the Silk Ma-
nufafturc in Hol/lcin, as tlie Ports of the Lc.v.r.t tor tlis
Southern Parts of Europe. Thele were the Pi inciplcs upon
which Crufms went, and on which the Embafly, which
Duke Frederick lent into Perfu, was undertaken. Our .Au-
thor's Journey from Perfia into the Indies was, as we have
before reprel'cntcd it, an additional Projed to this, of
ellablidiing a Silk Manuladure, and the Grouncis upon
which the Duke went in this were likewifc very jud and
realunable, as in a very few Words we rtiall be able to fijcw.
He was informed that a great Trade was carried on bctjvccn
Pfr/:a and India by Kind, and therefore he very rightly
conceived, that if his firll Scheme toeik place, it migl^r hz
very pr.u^icable to bring the Indir.n Commoilities an'. Ma-
nufactures from Perfia to the Coad of the Cafpimi Sea, .ind
confequently, together with the Silk thtoucjh liijta into his
own Dominions.

Thir, I fay, was that Prince's Dcfign, and I thought it
the more necetfary to infill upon it at large, becaulc- there
is not a Word dropp'd about it by our Autlior. O.". the con-
trary, his Obfervations look all another Way, and he leen-s
to have employed himfelf chicliy in remarking on the Pir-
tuj^ueze, £wf///Aand Dw/t/fc Commerce in the hrdies, which
Obfervations, as they were tit tell fO be publilhcd to the
World, were hkewife bed fuited to corccal the true Dcfign
of his Voyages. I mud take this Opportunity of remark-
ing, that all the Civiliti. s ihwwn him by Strangers in tholi:
Parts of the World, may be accounted lor from her.ce, I
mean from their being morally tcitain, that the better he
was .uquainted, and the more thoroughly he was informed
of the Nature of their Trade, the n-ore impradicablc h;s
Mailer's l.V'fign would appear of iiU'rtctino •hcreit', by a
4 U dirc.x

ii)i if

i\' '

It 1!

vt^

' 1/ ^-

ft:

*4i:y

Xi.W^f'

i" m

P|.'

■i'^:

v-pl >

t||r|

EKltiMair '^:>i' ''''

niUHB&l'l ' '"-tfHv^'i '

t^^maamW&i <■!

II ••

j> 1 J ^/////.^/Av;/.// Ji count oj the Commodiiics, ^c. Book I.

K\vti\ Navinji'.omi.ttitf /«4"'i. wluthilwyallal.mRtj'prr. I'oinH better than any n< lii> I'mlftfirori, 4n.l ufi^w

htOvlcil lo U the IXtkf o« IJi^i.in'* l\\'nv\ 111 I clutctorr Ix-ttcr thin any other i'rincr t>i hii I um m A.«r«»rV m»Je

tiio»mht, Aivi very )iJl\ly tuo, ilut a lH,ctrr MrtluMl than hinif.ll Mailer ol all tlw l'r<.vimc« borilciiiiuon hi» SnJe

Ihu iouki nut U ikvilnl to ilcl--Jt it llii> li' <wilf 41 llir CV/>««»" >'»«'*•. •"♦1 therehy Iml very fair »or tiwroflTiBa

i»Min««»ortlKren«lfi.nnth«' l'.mlulUi'oiNarn.i.)ur AuihoiN ilx- whwk biJk I rjJe, that u, •« iar a it dtprnJn»wj

A4UM.nf» |HU>lKk, in wliitli, tlu.ti»<h all tlic Irantaittons Ptrj ^^

are in thenili Iv. * <\\\u\'>y cunom aiul eniiriJi:m»n, yr « th<"y I might there put the KcaJer in mincl, that wc too have

nuke known little or notllll>^; tint rdatu to tlu lX»kc'« wry lately pruircdcil ujwn thi% I'lan, aiul have vrry hu>

rial rii'«t;l», and are theutoie tuiilulcicil 111 thii l.njht piiy begun lu cllablilli, by the M. an» ol our /<(j^, c^

nothing nion- ihan j'oliiKai Ainuknicnii. l>any, tliii very Conunercc with iW/n ilifou({h the Afc/i*.

It niulU hwAcrer, be a«.kiHj*lril;^eJ, that all thefc fine viu Empire, whiih n more than Uiiritirnt to ftirw, that

ScIkihcs though built uinnjull I'limn^lrs, and purliieil the Duke ol //»^/««r'wS< heme, though it aftually tailed by

with ftfiat Wiwloin aiul I'lUtlenie, piov,-J in llir liul .il>- unfottfeeii and unavouUhIc Actuieni*, wai in iti Nature

(oluti ly uuni\.u.il, wh:t l» was own ;t lo the War* andtxher |ierfertly jull, and wrell fuuiuled, fince, if it can be render^

Con ti4l't4i.n» thai till out liton alirt, Ixitli .;i flfrmany and uUful anti prailiiablc lo u», it inuft not only luve beti

/O/'j I III !l>fc l.rU ot wliiih ih- l>iiK- o» H..jttiM liindcU more uleful, and trorc prat'licablc luhini, who w^Oo near

had hi." Siurc-, U> tiiat the I \<iii cimiit imi m the Icall to a Neighbour to Rajh, but all l.iriumllan»ricoiifuJere<1,

juejudicc our Dpiiiiwi aR-inill ilic UukiN DcLi^n, wluth the wilell and UW laid ScIkhic fur the Improvement ol hit

liA» been fintc nvivcd by .xher ^rat I'rtnif, and will lie I>ominion», that (lerhapt it was within the CompaUof the

Urm- liir.e €>r othir e;K.:iii.i'ly ciniiied, ai-.d thereby a human I'ndcrlUndmg to invent or cunt/tve. Thuilhave

mw Turn pivcn to thi ComiiMivi: of tlic /«.;/«. 'I he done all that lici in my I'uwer to render thefe Voyagej in-

O.U /.'.'.. A/'. /•-«.', in the Yv-ar lOiS, revived thii I'r'>- tcili(;ible to the LMflijb Reader in their utmoll Ixtmt, Ijy

((.ct, w'.u \\ >vai then dil.ij jioiulfd by tlv Kdicllion of the explaining many ihingt that hare hitherto llepdnUblcurity,

Cc£a,ks, who imJc themlilvc Malbrt ol tlic City of and nught pollibly have been buriul therein for ever, it

,(Jr«f..K,aiiiithrieby ujt oJJior a riiiicihcCorrtlixMulence thde Voyagei had rot been made a I'art ol this Col.

Ixtw.i ri Hu^u and /V'/fj. If wav with thi^ View alio, that Icctiun.
the la:c tzar i'titr tin Citai, who undcrlluod ail thole

SECTION XXVIII. "

A St.f'pufHtfUal .'Itcount of the Commoditict^ ManufaSlurcSy andPrciLccofthcfcviral
Co,!Ktrif^ of tlh- Indies, t igcthcr "with Rcinarh on the Nature and Value oj that Tradi
in rcjpdl to Eurti^K-.

l"roin the Works of "J Am BaptiJI Tavcrnicr.

J. ^4n Ii;frct^uS!crv Ji count r.f the Contents of tht Sttliott. 2. jlJucdnSi tine of thr !)i/k, Cotton, InJfge',
Sp:it' I'.fid Druf 'fraJr in tht Indies. 5. 'Ike Natur,' of tkf Diamond Minn, tht Manner of their vork-
iiijr thm, a fid the I'ahir cf ihiir Priduce. 4. Tht' Mines in the I/iand of Borneo, the Nature ef tl>e Stonet
fu'id t'.tre, ar.d iin jiacimt c/ the lar^ej} DiamonJ^ in the tt'orld. ^. Of coloured Stones, fuel as Rubies,
Opals, S,!f-tir,-t, Turjutifcs, and Eruraidi. 6. Of fi.e i^earl Fif.rn'es in the V.id and V/cA-lndki, and
of tly Dttfrence in point of Stz', Shape and Cchur cf tbofe Jewels. 7, Of Coral Fijheries, and of the
I'aliie cf this (yjmmoJit\ in tf\- Jnd'\c>. !'. Of ytmfr, Ambergreece, Miifk, and other Perfumes, g. Of
ihc BiZtar i'l C'.ni, (>.,'.%, and Apts, tl\-ir d:ffercnt I'irtues and Values, and of the Porcupine andSerpent
Utines, ic. Of the (jcld. Silver, aiui Tin Mines cf the Iiuiitrs. 1 1. >^ Defcription of the Kingdom oj
K^ihcir.iri", c.illfd the P.radif: '■f tie ludii. ., and its Produce. 12. Of the Provinces of M\i\un, Can*
d.i!..ir, t .ihuliil.ir,, and l.ihur. f\. f)/ fh- Proviiuet of Ihoxid and \aiM\, and of the Fruits and Com'
tn-1i:irs •which this prrdno; i.j. Of rfh^r Prnr:itii\-t rf the Mo^ul Empire, and of what is mojl remark-
ahh ill >ach of thftn. t v ^' l^-ioipti'fi o>f t'e Country rf Iknc;al, one of the pleiijante/l and mojl fruitful
Csunfris 'f the fndic. i^. Of the r/,/. h'inydini "/' Uoutan, its Jnbdbitants, Lcmmodities, ami Mii'Ui-
fa^un . 17. Of thi- P'.urr, Sph'idt , and Mas^i'i/iceme of the Monarch cf that Country. i8. Of lie
Killed:/'/ cf'l"\\it.\, and -.1 :', Ctold „nd Silk Tr.ide 1 .trried en there. 10. Of the noble Kingdom of Kkm,
and c/ iLi ruh M'let m that Country ; as aifo f Gum Lac, and other laluable Commodities ivhich it
producrs. 20. 0/ Tomjiiiii, and its l^roduili. z\. yl concife Hijlory of that famous Kingdom.

S wc have in the forepninp Sei'lions given Rrcat
I-.:!:is mfii thi" Cnmni'tce of the ln.iiei trom
Auriinrs {^A\ arqii.i;".tri! with them, and ol ttie
liiplicll k',|iiitanon, lo. iiy wav ■ I Supi'lemmt to tluit-, wc
fhall iuld 111- li Lhapfr^ of Mr. la:nmir's Traviij as are
fitufl: to rornplraf tlut Delii^f:, rrUr>'iiin tlic rell of hn
Woik for the lutceedir.ij Voiuiii- , to whii li it |Tn|>eily be-
k^"S'. Ill' CluraCter is fo wri; ki own .n.-. rj!4l)l.!hed in
f:ic \\',rl.', that it mav l«-eii) vrrv iiiii.r> rll^ry to uy any
t.M;'.;; 'l it m ttia I'iacr, .init ti.irctur- we flull (outcni oiie-
l.'lvis v.itii 4 vciy lew Ublervaimi.i tiwi ircin niofc iiiime-
liatf.'v r ■xjiiiO'-, ir. o:drr to (or.ntM wh.it we li.n taken
Irom iiiiu wi;h what wi havr f,.vcii U fore on the l.:nic Sub-
•"ii f.'jin otln.1'. lie wa-. not only .» '1 tavrllrr, but i
Mcffhart alio, a'ui there'or'. ii.)k' (i..ni i prfc.'t Kiiow-
Ifl^j"- ai.d I xivrncr.ce in tli? M.itrs ui v.hich h'- writes,
an' rMir-r jarti. i:!.,tiv v,:t!, ;- y^iC to th<- ( uiniiiul'.rict and

Manufacturer of thefc Countries, in which he dealt for
.luny Vrars with great Sucrefs.

i Ic i\ more copious, and at the fame time no kf^ txi!\,
ilun any ot the Authors who have attempted to point wit
i!ic Ai! vantages derived from our Commerce in thf lall,
by wliii h I mean in general the Commerce cf the turcpi-
ant. We difcover in his Writings a greater Compalb of
I hnught, and a more mafterly Turn in his Obfrrvations
than in alnujll any other Book of the kind, whidi is owing
to his liavin<» confidered tlielc things over and over, in con-
l.ijuence ot the fcveral S'oyages he had made to the Indies,
and the Pains he had taken to make himlrif Mailer of every
r\iu\^ that had any Relation to the Difjx)ritiijn ot l':din''
Cnmmtxlitics after they were brought to Eurepr It mult
ly allowed, that this lumctinus tempts him to digrols a
littif from his .Swbje*?!, and run into a Rrncral Reprckt.ra-
tior. of the State ol tlie fame fort ol Coniincicc in other

Paitf

fc-' Book I.

ftlfcrlToM, »ml pttlupi
I lint in hiroft, mm*

;« borilcnim on hi* Side
very fair lor tnaroffnig

J ftf •» it (tcprnai u^

mind, iliai wc too have
in, ami have very ht^
*i\\ oi our Hiifun Conv-
n/n ihrouKh the AU/^^
I liiilkirnt (u ilirw, that
iHigh it »aually Ulcd by
cut*, waa in iti Nature
net, it it can be rendered
null not only luvc bee*
U) him, who W4t lb near
ir(uinlUiH-r« cunfulrred,
r I he improvement ot hii
ithu) (he CompU of the
r contrive. 1 tiui I have
render thefe Vuyagei in-
their utmoft Ixtcnt, by
iithcrto (lept in Obkurity,
uritd therein for ever, it
tdc • I'art ut tb» Col>

Chap. 1 1. of the fcvcral Countries of the INDIES.

Pil

ulucc of tJxfcx;iral
'alue oj that TraJi

hr Silt, Cotton, IrtJfge,

Manner of tbtir vork'

tbf Stature eftlx Stonn

Stents, fucb as Rubies,

and Wcft-Indics, and

\l Fijhfrifs, and of th(

'bt-r Perfumes, g. OJ

Porcupine and Serpent

icn of the Kingdom oj

'tnees of Miiltan, Can«

\ot'tbe Fruits and Com-

what is mojl remark-

■ntrfl eind mojl fruitful

mmcdities, and Manti'

Country. i8. Of tic

hie Kingdom of hkm.

Commodities rvbieh it

MS Kingdom.

in which he dealt Tor

fame time no Iff"' f xai5^'
J attempted to point out
J Commerce in the lal!,
lommerce of the t.un;c
\<i a greater Compali of
[urn in his Obfcr^'ations
llie kind, which n owing
Is over and over, in con-
Thad made to the Indus,
himfelfManer of every
le Uifjx)rition of l':di^i
Iht to Eurcpt. It iii'Jll
Ictnpts him to digrcis a
lo a fz-neral Rcprcltiu-
lot Conimcice la otf"'"
Faiu

Parti <)( ih» Wdfid \ Init lUll tlm |>fi)ve» Icj (ar trom Ixing
icdioiw ami iiiiiiital.ii\t, that we may lately alfirm, there arc
no Pair.iH(> in hi-. Writinni, eirlxr more curioii«, or niorc
inllru^tivc. It wan tur thu Kealon tiiat we jiul^c it remnlitc
lo give lilt HI entire, withrmt Teiiiurin|j; to alliaie, ui m-
irr)>i>Utt ilti'in, whkli wuiiM uniy dillra^t the Auclior'i
^enfe, wiili«nrt aurwerin}; any (;(»o<l I'lirpolc. Alter an ac-
coratc Aiiuiiiit ot tiie State ot AU-nlijIitii, at the Time he
iravelird tlii(>ii|(,h ii, lu proreixli tiim :

a. KaJ,m^aJ,ir, a ViJIiif^c in the Kingdom of Bng*U
(endi.ll mad I very Veji twenty two thuiil.ind Halci of Silk,
every Hale iKin^ a Inmdnd Weic?ht, which areliought up,
either liy the Dutili, vx Mertlwnti ot Itirtary and Attgu-
hjtjii, Ut make up their Car^xti \ fume all Silic, andothert
aiixed with Sliver and (ioiii, which bein^ for the moft part
oUkie ill the I'rovincc ut Cmziiral, ate lold cither at /Im*-
dattUy or Surui. l lie Worlled Carpeti arc made at frtM-
fiur, twelve l^agiKs Irom Aj^rd \ .Sattins, futne plain,
tithers llreaked with tiold v rait.uii'i ot the fame Fatniont
I'atolis. a very tliiii Silk Stuti', nuinted with all forts of
Mowers. 'I'lic raw Silk of Knfimi.ifar » yi liowifh, ai thtiC
ot Sialy and that ut Ptf/ia is i but they can whiten it with
a I.yc made of the Allie* of a Tree called /<UdM'i Fig-tree,
that It Ihall be like that of PaliJIine. In the Kingdom of
VoUtitda arc made tlie painted Calicix-ii, (CalicutJ) called
Ciiinces hy tiic M( r> luMt% but Caliiiciidcr by the Nati\ ei,
bccaule they are paiiiti d with a I'cncil.

There arc C'hincis made in Mogulijlau, Ixit they arc ail

?iiitcd, and nothing lu tine or beautiful as the former,
hele ferve for Coverlets of Bi-d», Table cloths, hllow-
biers, I laiulkerihiefs, but ef|xcialiy tor Waillcoats both fur
Men and Women. 1 he line Calitut Chinees made at
Bramptur are ulid all over Afiu tor Ormii, or Womens
Veils •, the Ualla's or Calicuts, painted ted, blue, and
black, arc carried white to .Igra aiul ^-bnadabnt to be dyed \
liinic they dye like wat'icd Cainl)lct% wliich intreafe their
Price. 1 he white Calicuts arc woven in leveral Places in
Bengal aiul Mogu'ili.iit, and arc carrud lo Raio^fary and
Baretbe to be vsliii.niJ, hi\iiil'i' of tlv l;uti;e M'.'adows and
Plenty ol Ixniui^ that I'.iow tlirrcaliouts lor they arc never
ii whit< as tliey (lioiiKl lie, till they are uippM in Lemon-
Water: i hey arc of two l(;tts, wide and narrow, but of
various I xngtiis ; Ionic Calicuts are made fo line, yuu can
hardly feel tliein in your i land, and the Thread when Ipun,
b Icarcc diliernable. Cotton twiftctl ami untwifted comes
from the Provinces of Hrampour and (luzarM ; but the
fatter is feldom exported, unlefs it lie to Vrmuz, Balfora,
or the Philippine llUs.

Iiidipo comes from frveral Parts of the Mogul's Coun-
try, but dilfcrs in (Quality ; the Ixrft comes from the Ter-
ritories of liiaria, I>idvce/i, anil O-t/n, a Day or two's
journey from Agra : '1 hat wlii(h is niade Hat of this fort
comes from Sarqitejp, a Day's JouriKy Irom Sitrjt : The
Indigo which is nude in (ioLoihl.i n interior in Good-
nelsv as alio that which i; ma k up at liaroihe and Agra,
iho' this lall is molt liiu^ht lnr, Ixcaull- it is mad'- up in
half Balis. Thir worll Ion is that mule at Bm^al,
Hrampour, and Anutdahat. It is made ut aa Herb much
LiMtour Hemp, which is li)wn ivciy Y'-ar ahrr thi- Rains.
They cut it three 'I'imes every Year ; but the M\ Cutting
makes the beft Indnv. and the li-ioiul better tlian the
tturvl : 'i"is known by the Hiilknil. of the Colour. When
they have cut it, they lail ii into I'lis lull full of Water,
which they railc to the Hrim, with tin I krb put into it,
and then pound it about till it bnuiiics .i. iliiilc as Mud j
then they let it fettle tor loin.- I 'ays, and .iltirw.irds drain
the Water out of it, v. Inch done, ihivtakv it up in Bal-
kets, and making it up Hat at tlie Hottom, aiul fliarp at
the Top like an Mgj;, let it in the: .Sun to dry. (.ircat
Quantities of Saltpetre lomi s Irom .-i^ia to Paina -, but
that which is rchncd is three '1 iiius ihc Value of that which
is not.

Cardamum, which is the moll eKvclh nt ol nil .Spices,
grows in the Territories ot I'lyip',:,! , .nui becaul^' there is
no great Store of it where ir {;row., ii e- only m.ide uleof
in Afta, at the Tables of tin- </,rcauil Prnue-. Ginger
grows in the Dominions ol \\\c (txcn Mogul, and is
brought in great Quaiuitiis Irom Anudctai, where it

grows more than in any other Part of Afid, and it is- hard'
ly to be imagmckl how muih it tranlpoitcd camiml uiio
other Parti. Prp|ier m ut two Sorts, the fmall Mu) tlie
gtcai I the fmall comei trom Bantam, Aebtn, aiMi tome
other Parts ot the Faif , it it lekluin or ever carried out of
4fia, where it it fpcnt m great QiiantiiKS, cfpcdatty among
the Mtbamrnedawt \ tor there ii double the Grain o< this
final) Pepper in one Pound to what it in the great ( bcfidn,
'tis iMt lo hot in tlw Mmith. Ttie ^reat Pii>pci> come.s
from the Coad of MuUf'ar, and loine from ytfafenr.
Nutmegs come trom the Molucta IHandn, at olib froifi the
Iflandt ol Bandit \ btt the biggetl grow in the Ifland of
Damme. It is ubtiervalile ot the Nutmeg- tree, 'tii never plant-
ed \ but, when the Nutmegs are ri|H:, certain Creatures
come from the iilnnth tuwatiU the South, and devoui them
whole, but arc lorctd to throw them up again before they
be digelled \ the Nutmeg then bcfmrared with a vifcious
Matter tailing to the Ground, takck Uuot, and produces a
Tree, which wuuld never thrive it planted. Cloves grow
at Amktyna, tUias, Sartm, and Beure. Cinnamon comes
at prefent from the Illand of CfyUn \ the Tree that bears
it is like a Willow, and has three Ufliks i the two outer-
mod may be taken ofT, and it the bed Cinnamon \ the
thini mull not be meddled with, becaulc- then the Tree will
die, and thertforf great Art mull be ufed to take off the
two uppermuil, Icll the third Ihould be hurt with the
Knife. The Hollanders are at a vail Kxpence at Ctylon to
gather tluir Cinnamon, becaulc the King fends hit Forces
U|)on them wlicn they are gathering to lurprize them, and
take it from them \ lo that they arc forced to have a Guard
upn their Workmen 'jf fcvcn or eight hundred Men \
and this makes Cinnamon dearer, anil fo much the more
becauli: the Dutch have Ipoiled the Trade for it from the
Countries of the Rajahs about Cochin.

The Drugs brought to iiitrat from all Parts of the /t-
dies arc Sal-Armoniac, Borax, Gum- Lac, Gum-I.jc
walhcd, Gum-l^c in Sticks of Wax, .SafTron, Cummin,
white .ind blaik, Arlet, Frankiiictnle, Myrrh, Gilct,
and Boltii CalTia, Sugar-Camly, Alliitinat, Anni feed
both grofsand fmall, Ouptlot, Loiiitrc, Au/.orout, Alors-
Succotrinc, Lignum-Alors, lonie in great, and others in
fmall Pieces-, Liquorice, Vez Cabouli, out of Gum-Lac,
the Natives extrart that lively Scarlet-Colour with which
they paint their Calicoes -, and for that end it is carried in-
to Perfia. That which remains after the Colour is drawn
out, is fit only to make Sealing-wax of i and the Women
of Sural get their Living by clcanfing and colouring it for
that LUl'. Powdered Sugar is brought in great Qiiantitics
from the Kingdom of Bengal, and there is a great Trade
for it at Ougeli, Patna, Daea, and other Places. 'I'hc
People ol Bengal fay, that there is no Poifon more dan-
gerous than lingar kept thirty Years. Loaf-Sugar is made
at Amadabat, where they have the perfect Art of refining
it. Opium comes from Hrampour, where Tobacco alio
grows in great Quantities, 16 that the Inhabitants having no
Vent for it, let it rot upon the Ground.

3. Diamonds, which are the moft precious of all Stones,
arc found partly in Mines, partly in Rivers. At Raolconda^
a Town five Leagues diftaiit from Gokcnda, and eight or
nine from yijfapeur, in the Province of Camalica, is a
Diamond-M ne, diltovercd not above two hundred Yi:ars
ago : In it arc found the cleancft Stones, with the wlnretl
Water \ but being forced to fetch them out of the Rocks
v/ith a great Iron-leaver and many Blows, they often l1av\'
the Diamonds, and make them look like Cryftal : And
this is the Reafon there arc fo m-iny loft Stones found in
this Mine, though they nuke a great Siitw. If a Scone
be clean, they give it only a Turn or two upon the Wheel,
that it may lofe as little as pofflble ol the Weight -, but if
it has any Flaws, Points, or black Specks, they cut it inu
Faffets, and work the Flaw into a Ridge to hide it. The
Trade at the Mines is free and jull, and tranfiiftcd with-
out any talking on cither Side, tlie Buyer and Seller ex-
prcfling theml'elves by taking each other by th-; Hands ;
and fo, in the fame Place where there are many People, a
Parcel of Goods fliall be Iblil leven 01 eiglit 'I ime.s and no
Man know it. At Gatii, or Cakm; leven Days Journey
from Celcenda Eallwards, is untthei Diamond-Mine : It

lies

•r

M-.

ii:f'

¥\'f

mm.

Si;. A Sufplinh'Ntiil Jiioufit of the CommudiULS,

o t

Hook I.

4fc;.i^^^

US'' M/'t. '; -

8! -'Hh ■ M-i m-

lif? bttwfpn the Town aiv.! ,i Moiimji-i, jinl the ncarrr
thry tlis to the Mouiunm, the lartjcr Sioikh Muy find i
but there i< n ie en the To)'.

This Mine was ^mm^ not aKwr .in IninilrrJ Yoars agu
hy aCountr)man, who ilif^;ini', his iJrouml h> tow Millet,
f )und a large Diamond tw:'nty-hvr Carr.it* VVri|',I)t : L'p
1 this, the rirh Men in the lown fell to ilig[',inR in the
H4Ce, anti found, as thry do M\, bigprr Stones than in
any ether Minrs, viz. knw ahove forty f.irr.it', aivi one
o\ ooo, which Mingim:.'.t prrfinrcd to .luring '/.(b :
But the Mifchief of thrCe Stones is, th(y partaki: of the
CJiiahty of the Soil, and arc lew ot them ihan ; but tm^K-
are bl-ick, and others ret!, and others green and yellow.
Ne.iT Seumtlpour, in the Kingdom of Ft\^al, ii a River
called Geud, where there are Piamonils found mixed with
the Sand. The Way from .ffr.J to tius lown, lies thro'
Hitlah.1!, Fanarcus, ar.d S(tf..-cn, trom wluiice you [xtl's
to the Ifland of Rh.iii', wlucii it ont- of the llroni',rU
I'taces in all /(/?.', be.rg featcd iijxin a Mountain, lortiliid
with lix Baftion*, twenty nvc Pieces of C-nnon, and three
Morts lull of Water, in vihtch arc l;oo^t Killi, to Siianti-
pcur, which !s a peat I'own, but tlis Houfcs are built of
luirth, covered with Hranclus ot Cocoa-trers. The Roail
from the I'ort lies tlirough dangerous WixkIs, bccaufc
much pellcreti with KuWxrs. I he Rajah, in whofc Ju-
nfciii'tion It is lives halt a l,e.if^e trom the lown i:i
'Jents let upon a rilir.R Ground, at the Foot whereof runs
the River Gcurl, where Diaiiv.ir'.Lis arc found. This River
defvinds from the Southern Mi;uiit.iii.5, ar.vi L)eing tilled
w.tri the {;reat Rair.% funics dowr, in l.^embcr, vafl
(^ui titles of Sar.d, winch tiie People in great Mul;i.udi;s
fcarch tor titty l^agiKs to^tther, and find a. I thc/lc Points
which Axt called lutuial I'omts i;i it, but Ic'dum liiid any
lar{;<- Stor.e.

4. In t'K Ifland of Bcrr.ea, w!:ic'i is t!ic largell ina:-..i
in the World, is another K;vrr, called ^uicjJji, la tlu:
Sand whereof they tin.l Daniond.s ai hani as a:iy in the
other .Mines ; but the l<u-en ot tlir Mine will permit none
to !■« car.'x-d out of it ; lo t!iat all that come tioiu thence
are rc;.veyrd out by Steait.i. In tius lllaj.d it is rcmaka-
l.'Ie tlut the i^ieen, ar.d ntjt the Kii g, has the S<jvereigii

have alfj the K.teriur Wcnieii tlie Rule

over the Men ; for the Peopio .ire lb curious aiways to
havr a lawiul Heir u(V)n the 1 luone, that the HuJband
not Ixing certain t!iat the L;.:i.itcn :1k- ixrars are his own,
thry rat.'icr chule to be j:ovcrr.cd ;y a Wumap, lo wiiuiu
th; y Rive tiie Title ot Q^ieer, her I lull-and '.Kiiif; (;niy lur
6u RCt, a.nd iiav.ng i.o i'jw;r but what llie peimits
him.

.At t!ic .Mire of Rcalunda t.'.ry wrij^h by Mar^c'ins,
whiih areeacha Ca:rat and thite (juartrr, and pa) in new
I'.igoeis i as thty do alio at CJ:hr. A: the iNhnc et i^uu-
ii..:/fsur, 1.1 /hitgiiJ, thf-y »c:g,'i by Rah:, whuh arc each
Seven l-.i^.'it.'is of a Carra:, a.ui pay in kcupf.i. 1 lie
Koaus to tne .Mims thou^.'i I'liue tabujou^ Reiji.i: s i.ad
made ill. -m Very iiingrrou>, tuil ot lygas l.iorvf, aiul
cruel People, fcrc not oi.ly tree trom ad WjM-Btalh, but
t!ie People are very loving and courteous. The Price ot
D.an.omis air thus to l>e known : If it !« a thu k Stoc.r,
w^.:! fquared, ai.d have ail ii« Lort.ir% and the Water U-
white and hs-<ly, without Spt^kior l!aw, fucii a Stone is
Wort!) an hundrd ar.d I'tty Ijv.-c!, t!r ten Pounds liUieu
Shillings ."-^frliig ; or o( th • lame \'alue it it is cut in
haCits, which t;iry call a Ko|c-I)ian)ond, it it be a tair
b:ta>'fh, and ot the l.nnr Ptilcction •, and it a Sionc weighs
nnrc C'.nrais it .-■, la.l'! m I'r.i -. linjKTin't IJi.iiiiond'. arc
ni>i a'Ai\e lialt the \'.i!u' .is jxttrci. 1 he two bii',g'-ll
J '.anws.ds ;n the World lor cut Stone, belong, the one to
• he Mogii!, which wni;hs 1 wo iiun. red ai^d kveniyiure
(. ;r:jt'. ami nir.e (ixtrci.ths of a Larrat i and the other
to the Duke ol Tuftary, whicli weighs an iiundicd and
ih.ity-, :i;c Cinati, h>A\\ clean and well !lu[Kd. I'hc
Mi;iri<. I ail a Diamuiui In, anil i:ic lurr.:, l\t/t.m!, and
..ti.bian.', i-i.mj:.

.. I'hert are- l-it two p;ace. m all tiic Iv.iH wlicre co-
'oured Stones are loimt', aitil they arc i'v tJie Kipgdom of
i'ffu, a.nd I'.Und ot (^.tyUn ; il.c lirll is a .Moui.tani twelve
DiTS Journey or therra;x>ut<, troin ^icrt, towards the

(Jiiantmesot Rubies .iiul F.fpcneK or Moih::^ol Ruhif.
yellow lonazes l)lue and while .'•aphinr, |au,,t.,. CJ
thylU, and other Sioncs of dilVertnt Loioi.is Auiuno
thofc Stones which arc hard, otlur .Stone; y', found itt
ihlVerent CokAiis but Iwing toft liity .,rr of m, tilf..„
All theic forts ot .Stones the N.iiivis eall Rut-u'.amt thtv
nre the only Commodity ot the tountrv, which ;niikJs it
very iHJor. From //xj, which istlic chiet lort^t ;v<'v you
mull go by Water to S,reri, Ixcaule t!ie Ruads by i .'^l
.ircalmolf impalfable, by rcaton of tiie I'ygets, l.iuusli i
tlephant', winch alKjund in the aiiiactiu Wuo'is.

The King ot /V^h keeps all his ihei<c Stones for him-
Irlf and Subjects aiul lutltrs few ot them more than ot
three Carrats Weight, that are clean, to lie rxjiofed. Rubies
are fold by R.tbs, and ihc I'aymci,: is m.ulc for them in
i'<»^.i>. A Ruby of abfivc lix Rahs Weight, is almoit
invaluable. Theie are lome Rubiis, I nt rnolUf them
arc Balhcs Rubies and abundance i,f Ballard- Rubies, .Sa-
phircs, and Toiuzes, lound in the Mountains, tlut run I'ruin
Pff^M to the Kingdom of Cimboya. 1 he (n|,cr Pljcl-
where Rubies are found, arc in a River in the lll.ind ot
Ctylen, which ildcends tium certain high .VlouiUiins m
the Middle of the Illand , it fwelis very hij^h when tie
Rains fall, and when u becomes low a;;a!.i the Pco'lc-
make it their Bulintts to Icarch among the .Sands for Ru-
bies, Saphirts, ami Topazes. All the Stone-s that aie
f und in thi:. Rivcr are generally taiier and clearer t;i:n
thole in I'lj^u. \n Hungary is a Mine ot Ojul', a Stu ,;
no where to be found ut the wlwle Wot id but th;.x
lurquuifcs arc of two forts '•.'=. tl;c ol.i Rock and t'lc
new, ai^d are only found in Rnfu. Ijic okl Rock lies
near a great Town calleil Muubuui^, and is relervcd or.iv
tor ihe King's Hie, to adorn Hilts <it Swords, Kii.vts,
ar.d Daggers, inllead of ciiamelhng. Th;: n.w Kock li
ot a p.dc Blue, inclining to white, and hiti; ci'.ccmeJ.
l.iiieralds, thougli laid to be Uiicnia', ate not tuund iii
any Part ot the lullein Countries but arc btouriit from
Peru to the rii.'ipfinc Iilands, ana lo tiar.i';.ot:,d into
hurefi.'.

0. 1 he Filliery fer Pearls is in div;r-, Pia ;:s, as ;n the
Ptrjijn (iulph, round alxiut t!..- lu.ind vi luKlntn: It be-
longs to the Kirg ol /Vr/;.;,who h.a: a Fort tlieie, aru! in it
adarriloiiot tliiee hundred ^Un. J vi ly one that liihts
here juys to tiie King live .ilu-ff:!, whether he grts any
ihiiig or no ; and the Merchants pay at a c«rtaiii Kate tor
every thouland of Oillers. There is a Pearl- lilherv likc-
wilV uj><)n the Coall o! /^ralia-l e/ix, iii^'Jit a!;.i.nll iij-
ilrj-:, 1 car the City of Cjs fj, which, tof;ctlKr with J
the Country, is und.er tne JunliJiction ot an jiran..:
Prince. The Pr.uls that are taken here, ate Lid t;j t:.-.'
Ittdtiins, who will give a good I'licc tor all, as well t.^e
uneven ai round one<^. /\!l over ,//?ii they duilc I'uch a;
are ol a ycllowilli Water, inclining ta white bckrc tie
pure white •, Inrcaule, they lay, thiy will never cli.i.'igc tii'
Colour as the white will, Ijoth by fmie and eonllai.t Wear-
ing. 1 here is a wondrous P< .ill in the I'dlVetri')!! ot lajii-
licit. Prince ot Mttjcule, whiih n t!ic bell in the \Vi:i,',
not !'o much for its Bigncf',, tor it weiglis not above twcivi:
Carrats and one fixt'-eiitli, nor for its [>erfecl Roundne!-,
i'Ut lur Its tranl'parent Cieanu h, lor voii may lee aimolt
through .t : I lit lirtat Mui,vi!, by a littiJ.tH, offered turty
thouland Ciowns tor it, b..t it was net aurpted. There
lor Pearls in the Sea that waflies th?

IS another Filhcry . . -. - -

Walk ot A/j«<jr, in llie ll'.and of C'.-;/<)» ; t-'t their
Roui.dncls and Water they aic ilif laiiclt that ari- fuiiivJ,
' ■ ' ' J here are

liyunJ

Lut rarely w(ij.^h alxjve t.'ute or lou: Carrats. 1 h
cxctlient I'lails ot a vay j.joeA! Wui-.!, and large, ..-_-
on the Coall ol '/jfji, but arc- laitly lilhed tur, becatle
JcweK are ot uo i'.lleeiti among the Inhabitants.

Ill iliclltjlInJtrs there ajc levttal I'laces lor Fcar!-f;lh-
ii)g,i';i aJI along ihel'.'.and ot CiUngKa , but the Pearls arc
liiiall, U Moin v.i ighmg above I. v. (."..rraf. In the lihirid
<jt Mrj>.r:t,i, a League trom Culogna, I i.t a larger
Iilan.!, the I'eails aie not lou,.d here lo pltnt.hiiiy. but ate
ol an exerlleiu Water and very big, lome wenjii i-ii 'dty-

five Cairats.

C.imogalU, near tir- Coi.tincnf, h:i it •*
liacbia, and St. Marti.:, produce weighty Pearls but ill-

■" rland

',■.//(.„/!.

fli.ipei*, and iiiiliiiing to a I.ea' Colour. iVs/ii Pearl
1.; '...J Mi:;; ar; l^'.4;,d i,reat L'j.. r.-«, ihyrgii a NcJJacc ol thctn ;i ot \ a'ye, vet

they

L>i''

Book I.

, orMoti.-sotKuVip.,
•ai'liiri.', |ac,i,i„c, ;\„;j.
LTflU Coloi.lS, Auwftg
ur Stciius arc touud ut
tliiy .irp ct' lio tiUvin.
us (.ill Kill u'.ai.i! thty
-mmtry, * hicli jiuL-s it
fclucf l'ortot;V<;.7, you
aulc t!io Kua(.!s by l..iiui
if lilt: lyRfis, Lioiij and
uliaccnt Wooiis.
is (he Mc Stones for him-
' ot tium inure tlian ot
n, to l»c rxjx)l<rd. Rubies
KM,: is nui'.c tor them in
Rats Weit;!.t, is almolt
ubit s, I ut (m)ll ct them
e i>t' Ballard- RubiiF, Sa-
Mcuinaiiis, that run irom
'■•n\}. 1 lie other P!ju-
a Uivrr in the l!\ind di
rtam hij^h Mountains in
rills vtry hii^h when i ;i'
ts luw .ir.aiii the Fro; i^-
itnoP!; tlie .Sands tor Ku-
All the Stuncs that aie
y taiicr and clearer tii.'.n
Mine t)t Oi^M<, i iStj.:;
whok- Woiid but ihrre.
3. il;c old Kocli and :'.•
■jIj. 'I'lit; old Ro.k i.::,
iktt;, and is relavcii or.iy
lilts (jt Swoids, K;i,v«,
hiir,. 'lilt: new Rock li
hiti', and litt'j ci'.ecnuJ.
litiiu', arc not tuund in
cs Init arc b!UUi;;!it I'roia
aiiu lo trar.rport;:d ur.o

n divers Places, as in the
lilaiid u\' B'tdran: It Le-
lai .» Fort thcic, and in it
:i. l.viiy ci.o t.'iit i;i'.u!
(f:s, uhtth-.r he p"ts any
lay at .1 artam Kate tor
B a IVarl-lilherv like-
'a'lx, t;i>,ht at;.iinll Ba-
wh;ih, ti;{;ctlKr with aJ
liJictiuii ot an AraLi..:
kt-ii liirc, air (old tj t:.'^
iitc ;or ai!, as well ti.e
.!/tii tiicy ihulc t'uch as
ir.^', to white bcti re the
y will never cli-ngc til-
inicaiui tcmllai.t Wcar-
u!if l'<)lVciri')n ot InMi-
1 tlie Ix-il in tlif Wi:!.',
ii'jis iidt abiivf twcivj
r Its [)crtcd Koundnel-,
icr voii may Ire almo'd
a I..11J.:':, oil'cied lurty
as iH-t jufi'tcd. Ihete
- St.i that waflies th?
,t Lo-'on ; tjr their
laiiclt that are tuunJ,
our Larrats. 1 here are
,V„!'.!, and largt, tounJ
.11(1/ tilhcd f'jr, bcwaule
(■ Inhabitan-.s.
.al I'liccs lor Hearhfith*
..^ra 1 but the Hearh arc
\"..rrat«. In the lilmd
Culngna, but a larger
rclopltnt.fully, Lutare
^',, K.'iiie wdtjhT.:; rdty-
.c Co.-.tinrnt, A;J i« '•*
wrighty Kifls but ill-
olour. iVr.-.'^l'i-jrland

tiicm is ot \ il--i y"
thtv

Chap. II. of thefeveralCountrm of tht I N D I E vS.

ihey are not to be compared with the Ec^trn or IVifiln-
Mm Pearl. Tliefc forts of Pearl do all grow in an Oifter,
Hke Eggs in the Belly of a Pullet, and there arc many in
fame, but none in nunv others. They fithin the Eaftcrn Seas
twice a Year ; the firft Time in Martb and /t^j/, and the
fccond Time in jlngkft and Sfpiemier, and the Fairs are
kept in Jwu and Novtmier. Before they fifli in any Place*
they try befone-hand whether it will turn to any Account,
by fending fevcn or eight Barks, which are to bring them
each a thau&nd of Oiften, which they open, and if the
Oifters per thoufand yield five Fanes, or above, as fome
will yield feven, then they know the Filhing will tiirn to
an Account. They fUh in twelve Fathom Water v and five
or fix Leigucs oflF at Sea : They are guarded by fome
i'mall Men of War, to defend them from the Malabars, to
which every Diver pays eight Piallers for their Attendance.
The more Rains fall the more profitable the Fifhery gene-
rally happens to be.

J. Coral, though of little Eftcem in Europe, yet is
much valued in the other three Parts of the World. There
are three Places where they fifti for it ujmn the Coaft of
SerdiHta, viz. ^gutrrtl, Boza, and the Ifle of St. Peter.
On the Coafts of ylfrica alfo they fifh for it near the Baf-
tion of Fraiue, and Tabarque, and on the Coafts of 5/Vi/v,
near Trepano, but the Coral is fmall,and ill-coloured. Ntar
Cape de ^ires, on the Coaft of Catalonia, the Coral is
large,and of an excellent Colour, but the Branches arc ftiort.
At Majorca and Cor/ica there is a Filliery for it. Thell-
Places are all in the Mediterranean-Sea, for there is none
at all in the Main-Ocean. Some think that Coral is fott
in the Sea, but it is really hard i though it is true, that in
certain Months in the Year there is a milky Subllance
ilTues from it, and if it falls upon any thing, proihiccs
Coral I and there arc ceruin Worms in the Sea that
eat it.

They filh for Coral from the Beginning of jiprii to the
End of^ Juiy, but never above forty Miles from Land,
and that in luch fwift Barks, that no CJallies can overtake
them. In Japan they value nothing fo much as a good
Grain of Coral, wherewith they pull the String that (huts
their Purfes 1 and in this they (cek to excel one anotiicr •,
fo that a Piece of Coral as big as an I". gp;, fair and clean,
without any Flaw, will proiUicc as much as a Man can, in
reilbn, alk for it. 1 he Pcrlugufze have fold fuch Pieces
for 20000 Crowns. All over. ^<j, and efpecially all over
the Northern Parts of the Mogul's Dominions, and all
along the Mountains, as you j;o to the Kingdoms of y^wi
and Boutm, the meaner fort of People wear it for Brace-
kts and Necklaces.

S. Yellow Amber is only found iiiwn the Coaft of Pruffia
in the Baltick-Sea, Ibr the Sta throws it upon the Sand,
when certain Winds blow. The liledtor of Brandenbourg
(arms it out for 20, and fometimts for 22000 Crowns a
Year j and the Farmers keep a continual Guard on both
Sides of the Sta, that it be not Hole. It is nothing elfe
but a certain Congelation made in the Sea like Gum \
for fometimes Flics and (jii.its are congealed in it. In
Cbind It IS a Cullom tor tlic girai Lords, at their Fealls,
fortirandtur and Ma^^^nilictiicc, to fet three or four difie-
rcnis ibrts ot Perluinin(;l'oLs on the I'ablc, and to throw
into every one ot thcin a v.ilb (Jiiantity of Amber, and
the bigger the Pieces the more iiia^^niiiccnt is the Flntcr-
tainmnu accounted. This NN'alle ot Amlxr makes it the
t>it\ Commodity that tan be earned into China \ but the
ikliMtifn have (■nf;ru(ll\l it.

As for AiiilKrj;itrcc, no Mm knows what it is, or
where, or how it is produced. It is moil probable that it
iiiu(\ lie in the F.altcrn Sea, thoiifji (onie have been (bund
on the Coalls of inyj.mi, and other Nations o\ Europe.
ihc grca'.cll Quantity <i( it is (ouiui upon the Coatt of
MtlimLi, at th( Moiuli ot the Kia dc Sena. A Por-
tu^utze (liilinji troni (.ion to ,U./'i..V<i;, alter he had palled
the Strei;;hts ot Muittu.t, (ound a Pieie of thirty-three
Pound Wti^ht, and a Mi.!didiirgi)er a Pie(c o( forty-two
I'oi.iui upon the Coall ot the lllaiul ol St. Matirkc.

Ihc kll tut, andgrr.ut.ll c^untiiy of Mulk, comes
from ilif Kin;;don> ot lio:i:.:H , ami tiom thence it is
Uou;;ht to IKiina, the chiet'City ol' Bengal, where the
N itivt.s ti'ick It away wuh the Alciciiaiiu tor CoiuJ, Vcl-

.NjlML l.\

low Amber, «ml other Commalities, rather tlian Gold or
Silver. It grow* in a Bladder on the Belly of a certain
Creature, l)*twcen the Genitals and the Navel, wiiich the
Peopk who tell it cut off utter it is killed. It looks like
clottetl BI(xhI when it is new cut oft". None of tliefe Crea-
tures have above one Bladder, which is not bigger thati an
Hen'i Egg, and will not yield above half an Ounce of
Mu(k I and fometimes three or four will not yield an
Ounce. The Scent of the Bcaft ii fo ftrong, that it makei
one's Head iich to rome near it. Thefe Creatures mud
Ih: certainly very numerous, confidering the great Quan-
tity of Mutk thai isio be told.

9. Hezoar lomei Irnma Province of Golconda, towards
the N, E, It is foimd in the Paunch of a Wild-Goar,
which broii/.i \ ii|ion u c ci tain Shrub \ and having eaten
the Buds or lupv ol the Houghs, the Bezoar is produced
by ihcm in i!if Maw of the Goat, and is of divtrs
Shapes, arcouliiig 10 the Form of the Bud. The Na-
tives, by Ici Imp, on the Belly ot the Goat, know how ma-
ny Stonci he has within him. The Excellency of the Be-
zoar 13 in the Uij/.nclJi, altiiough the fmall have the fame
Vcrtue with the larger \ lor it live or fix Stones weigh ;in
Ounce, they aie worth no more th.in feventeen or eighteen
l-ranks \ but it one Stone weighs an Ounce, it is worth an
hundred /■><(«lj i and one o( tour Ounces and an half was
told for two Inmdred Livrts. In what Part of the Body
the Bezoar is bred, none can tell. As well in the E.1JI as
Ityt-hiJio, there arc great Quantities of Bezoars that
breed in Cow.s, anvl ol a gnat lligncfs, viz. feventeen or
eighteen Ouncts, but tin y arc little cflecmed, fix Grains
of the former working more powerfully than thirty of
this,

The Brjortr that breeds in Apes is fo ftrong that two
Grains will woik as |H)Wci fully as fix Grains of Goat's Be-
zoar, Init i( IS very liaice, as being found only in the
Apes of the liland ol Mhiijj'iir. The Scarcity as well as
Strengti), makes it dear, (ii that a Piece as big as a Nut
is worth a hundred Crowns.

The Porcupine' Stone, which is bred in tlie Head of
that Creature, is moi- precious than Bezoar againft Poifon ;
It it be tlccpcd in VWvtcr a Qiiaiter of an 1 lour, it makes
the Water us bitter as poflible. There is another Stone
taken out of the Iklly of the tame Creature, as good as the
other \ but being llcepcd in Water it loles nothing of its
Weight or Hulk, as the other does.

'I'hr vSeriwiu- Stone, which is about the Bignefs of a
PidgeonM'gu, is almoll Oval, thick in the Middle, and thin
about the Siues, The InJuuis lay it is bred in the Mead
ol certain Serpents \ but it is more probably a Compofi-
tion of cettain Drugs, bet .lule they are to be had of the
Bramins only ; But, howevtr it be, it is of excellent Vir-
tue to drive away Venom from tuch as arc bitten with ve-
nomous Bcafis I for, being laid to the Wound, it will not
come olV till it has drawn out all the Poilbn ; and being
deeped in W omens or Cows Milk, it recovers its former
\'irtue, makin^^ the Milk like Corruption. There is ano-
ther Stone, called the Srrpnu's Stone with the Hood, be-
caule that kind ol Sei|'eiit has an Hood hanging down
behind the Mead, in which this Stone is found. It is of-
ten found as big .ls a Pullet's Fgg -, but it is not found in
any lelii Scrjx nt th.in of two boot Length : This Stone be-
ing rubbed againll aiioihei Stone, yields a Slime, which,
being drank in Water by the Perlbn that is poilbnco,
powerfully cxprls the N'enom. Tliele Serpent.s are found
only on the Coatls of Meumla : But the Stones are
bought of the /•er/hijucac Mariners and Soldiers that
come from M-ziimbique,

to, Ciold IS found in the greateft Qiiantitie.s in the
Iilands of Jiipan, whiih lie Kallward ot Cbma; though
fome think it's brought (loni l-'oimj',' thither. The Chi-
mfe ulliiexihange,i tort ol Gold, produced in their Coun-
try, (or Silver, VVeinht for Weight, becaule, they hav-
ing no .Silver Mines, picter it Iwlore Gold, but it is the
coartell ot all the (iold, In .Ifi.i, in the liland of Cdebes,
or .V/iiuiy/ii* , there is tovind Gold among the S.>nd of thsir
Kivcis, In .iiien, or Hntumtj, after the lainy Seafon,
when the Toirems are walled, they tindl' lints walhei
clown fioiu ihe Mountains wiili Veins ot Gold in them >
.tnd the Inlubiui'i'. of iho Well fiJc ot the fame Ifle,
9 X tri"«

H'.i I,

'PI

\<' ■■■'

, i

jii

i • }l I 11'

ifl

!. .;i

• m

I.- •

nit

i" I

m 'i

8 r 4 -i SuppfcwcNtal Jc count of the Commodities, ^\-. Book I.

:5 4

king the T)iitd\ wlirn ihcy l.uic thrir lVpj>cr, Rirat
.Store of (u>lil, but as baJ, it nor worlr, th.in tlwii ti-iwa
(iuKl, TowarJs •Ihikt, wliit li is the aucunt Ciucnfui in
tlie Territorirs of a Rijah, beyond tht- Kingdom of A<i-
ihtmitt, tlicre arc tlirec Mountains clofe by each other,
one of which pnxluccs eitcellont tiold, the other Ciranjts
anil the third l^pts Lizuli. There is alii) (ioLl which
comes from TIfra, but i< as coarle as the C'.snru liolil ;
anJ thclc are ail the TUcrs in /Ifta that yield tJuid. In
../rrc; (iold I* more [ Icntilul than m /Ijui. Out of the
liiipire of Moncmi>tcp<i^ which extends till 11 as far as
/'i./v.vr "Jikn'-. C'ountiy, tnmis the purrll lioLl in all
/If'riiwi, where they digit with bal ■ out ot the I'aith, not
biing conftrair.cd to ilip abovv- two or three I odt deep, and
i:i I'omc I'laces not inh.ibucd tor want ol W atcr. I'he
Fiopic find Lumps ol Gold ujion the Siirt.ue of the
1-jtth of an Ounce Wriglu o' more.

The Kir.^of the Jh/its lint thc.Moguia natural I'kt
all of (k)td, two I-u^t f.nir Ir.chcs hi{th, and lix Inchti
al)out in the .St>Kk, with tt n or twelve Branches liimc
lull a l-cx)t lonj;, and an Imli .ilxmr, and lomc Inialler .
In Ionic Hrantiv ; a; j^.trcd HiimlKs like Buds, and the
Ri-ofs wvrc tliitk and Ihoit. Ilic I'toviiuc whrre the
Kixer ^ef.j h.is it^ H(a>!, called Mjukjr.in, has a Kini;
of Its own, ami is very h^-althy : There the IVoplc tind
great Plonry ol dold durt iii the Kivtrs that tall into the
Sf».i, but IS mihh loaifir than the other. The Catus alio
of the other I'rovinces hmj; j^riat Store ot (»ul,i yearly to
S'J'.iU and l.bt,ifcH Comi/i, wlui h ari- unvlrr the i'triti-
gHfif, to Iniy I'uih C<.mmi).liti. s as they want, when the
Shij>s come. Some Years there arcCatreMliat come trdm
the C<iff cj Cioo.i-Hife to Srfj/.i, wh:iii is four Moiifhs
Jo\irney, and Iving very hi.e (iold in Fieixs, like that
of Miitanajf.t, whuh, they lay. ilu-y lind m the Moun-
tains by digj^.ing ten or twcivt loot ditp.

Tlry alto l)rin!; (;:r.,t Qiiantities ot I'.h plums In th ;
for they abound 1<> in l-!(]>hants that the I'alliiadivi of
th(ir lortreli and. I'lli^ ol tluir I'arks, ars all made ol
Klrph.ints Teeth. 1 heir ulual Diet is llephants !• ./l).
In the Kingdom of iWret f»io\vs a Kiwt ol a yellow
(.\ilour, viry bitter, andalx.u! an Inihthuk, which cur t
ull forts of J-'evrrs by vonntint;. '1 here arc no Stlvcr-
Miiics in .Ijia, unlels it tx \:\ yjpan. But a tew Years
lime there have (jcrii dikovcreil pleniitul Miius ol 1 in at
Ddi^irdy S.:n;:,rj, iiorJdft, and iiJi.i, whicli have
fj oiled the liade ol the Engiijb thither tor that Com-
iDoJity.

1 1 . The great F.xte.'.t of the valt F.m; ire of the Mo-
g'.i', Oi weil ai the various linijerature and l'ii>duitions
cl the Sill and Climate, nukti a.s much Dirierer-.re be-
tween one Fruvincc ami anotner, as it they were Icveral
K.ngdorr.s •, and therttore there can be no way to jzive an
exact Ai count of all 'I'hinrjs remarkal !e : But, (.nnlidcTing
the feveral Frovincrs diihnitiy, and wnat's pecuhariy ol)-
krvable in them. V>c will Ix-gin w.th the King. lorn of
K.-!.b:mir(, commonly called thr Fcr.:a:.'t cf JnOijaii ; ,i
Ciiuiitr)', tho' mountairous, yet lu ituittul, tlut you would
take It hiT an cver-grcen Ciardrn, Ixin;/ lull ol 1 ree, and
FaiV.irts w:th all forts cl tatlie, as Cov-s do.its, Snrrp,
Horic?, Fartruig i, llaRs, GaztU, aud t.he Mulk- Ani-
mal'. Tln-fe arc Al.'undai:;.e of B'e^, but no Srr|)eiits,
Ty",er<, Beari and Lions. The lirl.is priKiucc Kice,
t'li.i, Fuil'c ot divcji foi; , J lemp, and Salfron, bcini;
iiiter-t.etcd with Ditcher, ijkes, and KiVulits, to ad-
Vii.'r their I'lci.ty. I ji and (!..wn every where alio are
feen f::ne cf our LurcjKan Ircr , Flowtrs, and .dl tons
rj| l'.ai;ts, 05 Apj If, Feats, I'runci, Apricots, Nut;, and
Vinis •. and their ( lardens are lull of Melons, \S atcr-Mc-
lom, Skcrrcts, lici n, Ka'.iiflirs and ail lorts of our Fot-
h«l5s, and IrjOiethlt we h.ive not : But ti.etr 1' lulls arc
r.<>t f-i many, n-): I<j j'/xaI xs ours.

Ti.e Feiijle are very inil.illiujiis a?, wd! as int.'llipent,
anj nake l'alle'M«-s, Trunks, B tl'deadi , .Siandilhes,
B. x^», -md Sjirx,' s, witii many other Fifrrs i,t handfome
Workmonlhip, !■ n lir.gthem all over thr rrll ol the Miti;
aiul to lo.ne of thdc tluy )',ivc futh a \'amiffi, w.th coun-
r-^rfrit Veins, and Ciild .Streaks, th it iiothm;', is liner.
They tiwkc alto a kind ol a .Siullan i-,11 a:.d a:i ha.t IcMig,
aril -bjut a:i Idl lun^^ called Ckaln, and enibroeJered at

racli Fnd, for about a Foot, fo foft and fifie, as ii jnimj.
table, though i( is attempted at Patna, Apa, mi Lak»
'I he Mtgnis and Indians, both Men and Wotnen weir
ot them III Winter upon their Heads, and bring them over
their Shoulders like a Mantle : 'I hey arc ma;ic of their own
Wool, which IS finer than Sfantflj, or ot the Hair taken
from the Breall of a wild (ioat in Great Tibet, called Jaa •
Some of theic are lijid tor a hundred a.nd fifty Kupcrs to the
^reat Omrahs.

The Fcoplc art of a fair Complexion, and efpecially the
Women, arc very lieautiful, and of as fair Ixcs « in
Europe. Between Bunbor and Kacbmtrt arc Ibttl • Moun-
tains that teem t.i part two Worlds rather than two \\q.
vinccs ; for on tliT one Side it was llDrchmg 7^n^.\ hot, « itl
the Jerid I.tvf, and full of Indian Flants pmiicr to i; , on
the other SkIc it en)oys a tcmjwratc trclh Air, and tli'e'sul
produces! HylVop, Thyme, Maijoram, and Koleniarx',
(Xiks, l.lins. Fines, and Flane Trees. Between thole
Rocks arc aifmirable Cafkadesof Water, and amonp others
one not tobc parallcletl, which f\inning in a Channel f^tween
the Trees, on a luddcn precipitates itttif into the Bottom of
\ Ifeep RiKk, with a Node able to make one deal iikf ,
Catarart. In the Month of hkn here is a Fountain that for
liftecn Days regularly Hows., and tfops thncc a Day, t;2.
at Break ol Day, Noon, and Night : lu liowing fiju j
Sc]uatt: ten or twelve F'oot broad, and as many detp, juj
then it llacks by Degrees till about the End of the Month
and then quite Ihijis fiir the red of the Year. By it the
(iVe/r.'.'j have a Temple of the Idol trara, and from thtnre
the Fountain is called .SVwii Hrari, i. e. the Water of ima
and hither nuny I'llgnms come to bathe and larctify them-
lelvcs.

In the Royal (ianlen at Atb'titvtl in tfws Provinreisj
Fonil, where arc Filhes that will come when they ari- railed,
and when you cart Bre.id to them. The l>if;gclf ot which
have alio Rings in their Nofcs, with Inlcriptions on thtm.
At HaramtuLry is a Mofk, in which is a Tombof niie of
then I'rursor .Saints, where 'tis Uid tltcSick att cureti f very
Day which flock thither, and eleven Moulahs, Vitli me
linger each, hit a huge Stone, which the Urongell Man
can hardly railc calily : But thete thuigs arc miraculous only
to the iredulous and tarelctk ; Inii the bubbling lountam,
which rites gently, and with iome hnie Fo.re, makmj
tome fmall Bubbles, a.nd bringing up .^and with it, whith
p.-tes away wuh it again, and the Wat.r lycomes Ihll, and
lo remains awhile without Bi;t)ble5, and then riles .igjin, li
certain. In the Mountains near thik Fountain is a lak.'
that hath Ke m Summer, an«l Irxjks like an Icy .Sea ; ap.l
a little lartlier is a Flace, where makii.j' a great Noilc, wiil
prcleiitly cauic a Shower ot Rain. .Among iliel'c Moi;r.-
tains l.vc a Feople which eat no Flefti, counting it unclcm,
yet they have no Religion.

The City of Azfmer is famous f(tr the TombofCjfM
Khntiy, who was in great Reputation tor his San<bty, arvl
thertlore they come from all I'laies in I'llgrimagc toit. It
is a tail Building, with three Courts, jiaved with Marlili",
and h.iih iii it a Relcrvatory of Water, walled atxwt ; an,l
m the I'roviiice adjoining there is a Beall like a lux in tk
.Snout, but no bigger than a Hare, ol the Cokiur o: a
Stag, and leeth Uke a l>og: It yieids moll excellent .Mulk \
for at the Belly is a Bladder lull ot Matter, likeroirii|t
Blood, wlmh IS the Mulk. Fhey iiit off the Bladder tur
It, but the Beail never lives long alter it. 'i'here are alio
Fullets, whole Skin is all over black, as are alto their Bones;
but tlic Ilcfti lb white, anil their Feathers ot another C<)-
lour. 1 he V\'omen of this Country arc marriaj^fable at
eight or nine Years old, ai>d bear Children at ten ; the
Children go naked, only with a Bit ot Clodi to cover their
Ffivities. 1 lie Feopk are ruilc and untivi!, and the Men
gr^at Clowns and impudent ■, when they quarrel they make
a gte.it bawling, but never come to Blows. I'here are
venomous Scorpions in this Country, arul the I'eoj'le have
lever.d Remexhts to cure the Siuigmg •, but the Ixlf ol all
V, hire i for by applying a burning Coal to it, t.'iey draw
the \'ci)om out, and |>ertrrtly cure it.

I he Roads thro* this Country being very l;.'ny,theyl}ioe
thnr (Jxcn, and bndle and laddie fhein like I lorl'ei» and if
they be Ixit a little Ipuried, they -j.o as Lid as a j'.tjod Horfci
with ihctu aiki they drav their K-mX" and CoKhes, for

ibeir

Lit -•

; I

Book I.

Chap. II. of the fevetal Countries of the INDIE S.

^^5

Ft and fitif, as \^ inimiw
ama, Af^ta, and toiv.
Am «n*l Women, wear
Ills, and liring them over
ry arcmadtof thiuown
1j, or ot the Hair taken
irm Tihtl, callnl 'Ten :
•d ind titty Kupcrs to the

Irxion, and efptciilly the
ot as fair I accs as in
uifemirt arc Ibni • Moun-
Idi ratlicr tlun two I'lo-
I lairihiiig and hot, as m
r Plants yu^\XT to i; -, on
le frclh Air, and the Snil
MJorani, and Koticmar^-,
Trees. Between thote
Water, and amonjiothir}
ning in a Channel between
s itttit intd the Kotromot
: to make one dtat like a
here is a Fountain that for
lh)|« thncc a Day, «;;z.
«'ight : Its tlowmg lilU a
, and ai many dap, aad
ut the End ot tlw Month,
\ of the Year. By it the
oi Brard, and from thence
, I.e. the Water of £fvtfij,
o bathe and tanctify them-

iavel in this Prorinre is a
come wlien they arc cx\M,
n. 'Ihr l<i(;gclt ot which
with InlcriptioM on them.
(hich IS a 'i'ombof nnc of
lid tlte Sick airr cured f very
tlcven Moulahs, \Mtli (.ne

which the llrongcl\ Man
things are miracuhms only
nil the hublilm^ lountam,
ome little l-'o;re, nuking
lit uj) .Sand with it, ».hith

Wat.r Ivcoiiirt llill, .ind
|les, :iik1 then nlcs agJin, i;
ir ihik Fountain is a Ijk.'

xjks like an Icy Sea i ap.t
inakii.gagreat Noilf, wul
In. Among tlieic Moi;n-

Flclh, counting it unck.in,

lus for the Tomb of DfM
|a:ion tor ht&San<tity, ar.J.
Ics in Pilgrimage toil. It
lurts, j-iavtd with Marble,
kVittr, walled atoit', M
|s a Ik-aU like a lox m iIk-
Ian-, ot the tok^nf o: .i
[leids moll i-xcell<-nt Mulk ;
jU ot Matter, like rornii't
[icy i-ut off the Bladder tor
Ig'aturit. There ate alki
Lk, us arc alio their BoiicH
[ir Feathers ot another LV
jiintry are mjrnaf,f'»hlc at
|,far Children at ten •, the
.lit ot Cloth to cover thnr
aiui iinuvi!, ami the Men
icii till y quarrel they make
Le to Blow.. 1 her. art
Jury, and the Peot'lf have
Ling ■, but [he WW. of all
jing Coal to It. liicy draw

I-ingyfryl: r,y,theylhoe

r them like Horieitandil
La»ladasat',(XxlHorfe»

tjif^ and Coxhes, lor
iheir

their white Oxen are cxtraoidinary dear. The chief Trade
of this Province is Saltpetre, lor the Soil being black, af-
fords it plentifully. When it i% made they tarry it to Sural
CO fell it to the Europeans, and others, who buy it to ballaft
their Ships, and till clfewhcrc.

J 2. In the Province of ^wi/f, which wait anciently the
Kingdom of Dieu, the Inhabitants are wonderfully ingenious
in all kinckof Arts, and make abundance of Curiofities, for
which tliey have a great Tr.-ulc i the tintll P.illanquins in
InJia arc made at Tata in this Province, and there is no-
thing neater, nor more convenient, than the Carnages made
here v but their Waggon Wheels are one Piece of Ibiid
Timber, like a Mill-lloiie.

The Province of Multan yields Plenty of Cotton, Sugar,
Opium, Brimllone, Galls, Store of Camels, which are
tranl'ported into Parjia, and other Parts of the Indies. It
furnifhes alfu all India with the finell Bows that arc to be
fccn in it, and nimbleft Dancers j the chief Town of it, of
the fame Name, is the Rendezvous of iIk Banjans, becaufe
of the great Trade managed there, wluch cannot be carried
on without them ; for though it is known that they make
their Profit of every thing, yet moll Merchants chufe ra-
tlicr to ufc them, than do their Bufinels thcmklvc'*, be-
caule they will buy their Goods much cheaper, and they
refufe no Service, be it ever fo bafc or vile. The Country
of Candahar produces abundantly all lurts oi Provifions that
arc neceflary for human Life, unlcfs it be on the Side next
Perfiay where it is barren. The Inhabitants are great Lo-
vers of Wine, though they are prohibited to drink it ; and
if any be found diunk, or doing any Icandaious Adion in
Drinking, they are fct upon an Als, with their Face to the
Tail, and led about the Town, and attended by the OlH-
cer of the Controul, who beats a little Drum, and all the
Children follow him, hooping and hollowing. There are
many Per/tans in this Province, but they arc poor, and
employed by the Mahammedans m tiie meanclt OHices.
Ihe King of Pcrfia will not allow the GentUe's Wives to
burn themlclves in that Part of liia Dominions.

In the Mounuins of Cabeulijlan grow Mirabolans, and
many other torts of Drugs. The Country alio is full of
Aronnatick Trees, which turn to a good Account to the
Inhabitants ; as do alfo the Mines of a ctitam fort of Iron
fit for all Ulcs. Out of thij Province come moll of thofc large
Canes, of which are m.idc Halberds and Lances, for they
have many Grounds planted with tlicm.. They reckon
their Months by Moons, and with great Devotion celebrate
a Feaft called Hculi, which Ldls two Days, firll in praying,
and making Oblations, and then in dancing in the Streets
in Companies to the Sound of Trum|>cts, making lk>n-
fircs, and dellroying the Figure of a Giant, 'i'hcir Chariry
conlitls chiefly in digging Wells, and building little Houl'rs
oil the Roads for Travellers, and by thcni is a Place tor
lueh a.s are he.ivy laden, to put ort" and take up tlieir Bur-
dens without any Body's Help. This Country lupplies the
whole Indus with Phylicians, which arc all Banjam, and
lumc of them very ll^ilful in Medicines, and among other
Knnedies make grea: Ute ot Burning.

In rlie Ciry ot Lnber the Great Mogul has a Palace, on
one Ciate ot whleli is a Crudtix, and on the other the Pic-
ture of the Virgin Mary. Some have thought them Marb
of Lhrillianity, which was anciently profetied in thefe Coun-
tti^s; but it is really nothing but a Piece of Flattery and
Hypotril'y of the Kinir, leh.in Gmre to oblige the Fortu-
puzt to be his Friends. There are m.iny Gtmiles in this
City, who have Icveral Pagods all r.ulea leven or eight Steps
trom the Ground, and tome of them are well adorned.
This is one of the largell and moll truiiiui I'rovinces in the
indici, the five Rivers, which make up the River Indus,
t,-om whence the Moguls call it Pangcab, making it very
friiitlul •, tor it yields all forts of Prnvillon. necellary for
l,i;r, asRii e. Corn, and tcvcral torts oi Fruits. The Wines
nude here .ire pretty good, .ind m tin- Towns are not only
all Ibrts of painted Cloths wioUj'.lit, but all the other Ma-
iiufoiUiires uliially made in the lnd:es.

I \. In the Province ot Aloud, or llaaud, and I'arad, or
I arul, there are many Rajihs that own not the Authority
M the Mogul : At Huga'^ti'U in this Province is the Pagod
tit the Idol Matiu, to wliicli the GoHiUs that tome to pay
their Dovytions to her, arc laid to lacnfice .always iomc part

of their own Bodies. At Calamae, where the Gcntlks Have
alio another famous Pagod, there is % Spring of very cold
Water, which ifliies out of a Rock that continually belches
oi« Flames, and the Bramins make great Advantage of the
People who come to fee the Miracle. In the Province ot
OuUjfer is the liimous Temple ofjarganate, where one of
the Faiiuris undertook to meafure the whole Kingdom of
the Mogul with his own Body, and being about to perform
It, was loaded with Charity, and had much Rcfpeft givi n
him.

The Peopfc of this Country, as well Mohammedans as
GiHtiles, are extraordinary voluptuous, have a captious and
fubtil Wit, and are much addifted to dealing. The Wo-
men are very bold and lafcivious, and ufe all Arts to cor-
rupt and debauch young Men, efpecially Strangers, whom
they eafily trapan, becaufe they are handfome, and well
drelTed. In this Province are above twenty thoufand Chril-
tians, who iired in great Unity under potent Kings ; but
the Mogul becoming Mailer of it, and bringing in Ma-
hammtdifm, a general Diforder, and Corruption of Manners,
invaded them.

The Country is full of Torents, and the People live in
much luife, becaufe it is very fruitful, producing Corn,
Rice, Sugar, Ginger, Long-pepper, Cotton, and Silk,
with feveral other Commodities ; as alio Fruits, efpecially
Anana's as big as Melons, and pleafant to the lalte, hav-
ing fomething of the Flavour of the Apricot. In this
Province the Mogul hath a Caftle, whither he fends fucli
'Iraitors as are condemned to perpetual Imprifonmcnt, and
to that End 'tis always ilridtly guarded.

14. In the Province of Molva are the Territories of
Raja-Riina, who deduces his Pedigree from Porus, tho'
he is now tributary to the Mogul. Ratifpore is the capital
City of it, and a Place of great Trade ; it Hands upon a
Mountain, and hath a C^'^le belonging to it, to which ths
Grand Mogul fends fuch Traitors as are condemned to
die. They are kept Pritbners for fome time, and always
fome bcxiy is prefent with them, and the Day they are to
die they make them drink a great Quantity of Milk, and
then throw them down from the Top of the Caftle upon
the declining Side of the Hill, which is full of Ihari)- pointed
craggy Stones, that tear the Bodies of the Wretches to
Pieces before they can reach the Bottom of the Precipice.

At Ckitor, once a famous Town, but now almort ruined,
are the Remains of an hundred Temples, or Pagods, ami
many antique Statues, to be feen.- In this Country are two
kinds of Bats, one like ours in Europe, but the other is
much different : It is eight Inches long, and the Body is
coveted with yeilowilh Flair. The Body rounii, and as
l)ig as a Duclv's, the Head and F.yes like a Cat's, a fliarp
Snout like a R.it, pricked black L'ars, without Hair, no
Tail, two Teats as big as the Find of ones little Finger;
under the Wings four Legs, Wings almoll two Foot long,
and fevcn or eight Inches broad, of a black Skin, like wet
Parchment •, the two Fore-Legs end in five Talons, like
a Man's Hand, and black, and without Hair 1 but it h^s
Claws inflead of Nails, with which it hangs ujxin the
Branches of the 'Trees. They fly high, and are laid to be
good Meat.

The Province of Civuiilh is the moft plentiful for Cot-
ton or any Part of hdojian, and of it the People make
abundance' of Cloth. They paint fome, but the white arc
moft valued for tlie lovely Mixture of Gold and Silver that
is in them 1 for the Rich make their Veils, Starts, H.ind-
kerehiets and Coverings ot them, but they are dear. I !c le
is alio Plenty of Rice and Indigo growing. In the Coun-
try of Balagat: are a great many Warrs, Manguier.s, 13 1-
hova, QiiiCau, Caboul, and other forts of rare 'Trees. Here
arc vart Numbers of Antilopes, Hares, Partridges, and
towards the Mountains are Meroiis, or wild Cows. To-
wards Naopauia grows the bell Rice in all the Indies \ for
it ha^ an odoriferous Talle, which that of other Countries
has not. Cotton abounds here alfo, and in ifiany Places they
have Sugar Canes, with Mills and Furnaces to make the
Sugar. The Ways here are alw.iys fafely guarded. The
Pagods of Alara in this Province arc fo numerous, and to
full of Pillars and Pillafters, and have fo many thouland
Figures all tut out of the natural Rock, that they may be
laid to be Works almort furpafling human Force.

•I

;.' k

1, r

a. ' ' fl

jumii.

'm^m\

8i6 yi Sf/ppltnietital AcoNfit f'f the i\)\wr\MMX\i\{if^^ ^c, Bo^j^ |

HHi

^ l'^' it* ^ ' '

5; ?^

fe;;^

<fv

In thr Province ot Dali.iht jn- lireil the nu.ll .»>'tivc
lumblrrs in the WoiKi, whn tin all tlic i ricks ul inns m
tV«/v, and many more-, iluy arc a« lupplc as an Hcl,
ami will t\irn thnr whole lltnly into a Bowl, which othen.
may roll alxiut with tlicir I lamfs ; but the moll active «rc
(iir'ls, in the I'rovincc of Cl'Hi!».:g'ir, winch is ilivcrfirtcd
with Mills and l*Uins. 1 iu- I lills alVord Iron, ot which,
at tht lown of Indehar tliK-:'y, the IVople nuke a great
many Swonis, Daggers, ami Unices, wlutii arc vcmlcil all
over tlie Inditt. All the i'.irs are ^!;i.Oil (.uiunil, Ionic
lowed with Rice, and the rcll plintcvl witii Cotton Trets,
Tamarinds, Wans Cadjours Manjuurts, Crucian, ami
others, asid all watered with l.vcral Kivers, which turn
and wind every NV.iy with lair I anques out of winch they
•iraw the Water with Oxen . hut thole Farts are niiKh
troubled with 1 hundcr, Ij(;htniiip, Whirl-winds, \Im\\,
and llail-rtoncs, as big as Pullets lpg<;.

In the Province of 'leUr^c as there arc many CtnliUs, lb
there arc none more tup<rihtioiis than they. I'hcy Jure
abuiuiance ot I'agiKis, with 1 ii;urcs ot Monlkrs, which can
exfite nothing but Horror i:, lit ai! ot Dcvouon, unicti in
fiich deliideil SouN. They iHc frequent Walhings i lor
Men. Women, ami LhiKlrcn, as loiin as they are out ot
their Bcdi in the Morning, go to the Kiver to walh, ami
the Kich have Water brought tliem, and lo again as oltcn a«
they eat. Women, who have loll tiieir I lulbands, arc coii-
diicled to the River by their Knends tlut comfort thtm,
to walh, and lo arc Women as lixin as they were brought to
Bed 1 lor m 1)0 Coiintn- are Women lo ealily delivered as
here ("hey will eat notiiinij; Init what is drcflcil by thcm-
telvc?. or their own Call or rr.l>r, and buy all their Food
of tlic Bat'jans. They drink nothing but SS'atcr, wherein
they put lea or Cortec, nor ulc any Dilhcs, but Iz-aves
of 1 reis tor tear any Terlon ol ar.othi r Religion ihould
have eaten out of it. I hey eat no Flcth, except it be on
a certain Day of the Year, and that very privately ; Ixjt the
R.yhtc:ts cat any lilh, or l-"lelh, except the Cow ; they ufc
Falling very nuich, their ordinary Faft is twtnty-tour
I toun \ and there are a great many that will tall, elpe-
i iliy Wor>en, fix or fevtn Vi)'^^ and lome will t.ill a
Month, eating no more than a 1 l-:.,itiil of Rice a Day, and
others Will e.it noihirg at all, only drink Water, in which
the Root ol (.riata has been boiiiii, which ts goml tor many
Diftempers and lUengthcn'. the -Stoimtli. When the Fall
is at an hnd, the Biamin fvxs \Mth a Drum to the Moulc
ot tlie I'cnitrnt, and givrs him or her l/-.ivc to (at. I-allly,
in thi- I'rovinre c.f H/iglaMt',iU(\ alio the I'euple on the Sea.
Loall, who are nijrh given to Sea-!.iiinj: •, the Cicntila utter
r.uny .Sicrilices to i ;e Set, elptcially when any of their
Kciat.o,-.s are abroad uj/^n a \'oyage. 'I'hc manner ot la-
cri'icing is thus: I hey nuke a Xellcl ol Straw alxHJt three
Foot l')i:g, and cover it witli a \ < il, ami carry it down to
the ^llorr, with a Balket or two ot Meat ami Iruits there
they iiiu,w it into the Sea, and li.iving made lome I'layers,
leave ihr ILiket on ^liore, that the I'oor and others may
comr a".d rat wiiat :t contains.

.^t tiiC F.nd alio of Srptem/fr, when tlic Sa, after
the triiipellvioiis Scalon Irom Mrt becomes a(:ain na-
v;g.ib!i , tliry otfcr another Sairitue, but with no great
Cerenionic's ; for they only throw Cocoa-nuts into the .Sra,
.i:id every one throws one, the Boys plungiii); themlelvcs
into t'le .Sea to ci!. 'i them, .ind Ihc'. sng ni.my Irii ks in
the Water, whuh a: plealaiit to Khoul In fins Province
ttie In.UMi n-.irry t!!c;r Children very yo'.if.e, and make
thtm (oiiabit I'xjnrr flan in snv lither Part <>f the India \
they marry them at to-ir, tiv, and llx Ytars old, and luf-
t -r them to fx:d to;:ether when the B;iy is ten, .ind thedirl
<-:giit . but fh-y It.ivr- iKrariri; by triiny. a:ul grow cx-
tnainly tiili ol Wtinkl< s ; and tiit r tore in lonu- Parts ot
the h.;i,i th.ev ilo rot marrv' tth I'lurtreii ^ '•ars (jf A\\r.
Ihr Wollitn ar'.- very Iruuiui, ljti..iuii: they live very liu-
}.'al.'y, as well as their Hulb.wu'.s, .ii.d their C hiiilrcn aic
L>fou/ht up very lalliy 1 hey gu r.aked tiil they arc about
I'-vrn "i t»ii old, an.l wlien ilicy are alxiii' two or three
Mot '!s olit ilicy Isi iiirm crawl .ilv-)-.ii nil tlirv an able to
j;o, an when they a.t dirty, rhi v watli tiiem, .md fo they
"i.iiic ti, V ax itrsii X curs, ttiif.oi.t lix loitute ot iwad-
iimg B.U.OS, or >t.r,-.

I ';. Bftn^al is one of the inoil fruitful C

111 ttcfi

World, liipetior even to Fgyi<i itlelf. It bears Rics „. ,^
abiindaiH 1-, that it not only turnilhes ii , Neighbo'u'i' ' bj)
very lemoic C tiiiniries, tiKh as C'o.'aw. .ind the .V/a'^/r-fj .
It abounds lo III Suivir, ili.it it luppli.,, the Kmg.iotn ot"
(fV.»«i/(i With It, .i'* alio ■ff'if'ra .uh\ Mfjpfo:aniii hv th»

fjofoiamni, hy the
Way ol Moi:;i and Biprj, and J\rfi,, ,t|rlf, |,y Hand(r».
hj/i. I he Poriirji-rt m.ike excellent Sweetmeats here
with which thry drive a gifat Ti.idr, und the People pre!
trrve and candy Pome l.iiion«, a Root which is loni', hkc
Sarlaisariila, very d<lii:ite .Amluls An.ina' , Mitobala'ns
l/-mons und (.linpcr, p.re.it <^iantiiit« ot which are lent to
IIS in Euiopf. It IS tiue, it dor« not pro luf.- much Corn,
Ixxaule the hople feed fo nuith upon Rice ; but it pro!
(hki-s lurtkient lor their I Me, ami to accommoilate the
Shii>s of hmift with i xcellent Hifruits very cheap ; three
or four forts of Pulfe, which, together with Rice md
Butter, are the ufiul Foot) of the poor People, arc thereto
Ix- had almoft tor nothing v for a Rupee, whi' his about
half a Crown, you may buy twenty gotxl Pulte, and
nwre, ami (iette, and Ducks, in Projxirtion. Kids and
Sheep .ire vers' plentiful \ and there is linh Store of Pork
that the Ptrtugutzt live on nothing elk- ainvill, and the
Kngli/h and Dn/cb vK'tual their Ships with it. 1 here jj alio
Plenty of all Sorts of lilh, both in the trcfh .ind filt Wa-
ter, and Want of nothing i for this Reat'on, toircther with
the Liberty that all Men enioy lor the 1- x-r.iie of tht;r
Religion thcrr, all the Chrillians dre tied thiih'r Irom :il|
I'orts taken by the Dul(h\ lo that in .^gru.'i, 'tis ihjij, there
arc eight or nine thoufaml Chrillian«, and ;n other Hurt. (;f
the Kingdom above twenty-live thoulmd ini;rr i it i$ the
general Maga/mc for Cotton Clot!;', .ml Silks, not ony
lor Indoftan, but all the neiglibourln'j Kingdoms, and t.u-
rop( Itlelf.

The HcUanden franfj^ort vafl (i>un!'.ri;r'. of hot!i, I'.m;
line, and othcr<i joaile, both dyed and white I'lt'j ^.r^'c^r,
Furept, and other I'laces, brfides wlut the /'cr'nfi.;;,',
h.ftglij}j, and other Merchants fell ehewhfre • 'IV.tnic, the
Silks are not 16 line as thole of /Vr/fj, 5vrM, Said, and
Btimpi ; but then tliey arc clR.tj)er, and s'ery good o! rhtir
Price. Salt|ictre is tound in liicli <jiiantiii-s n this Cwin-
try, that the l-n'tilf' and Dut.b load wh.Je Ships full to
larry it to many Places of the hma, and into F-urcff.
From Heit^nl alio there comes 1 jc, Opium, Wax, Civet,
and Long Pepper •, and even their Butter is tranl'portnl
into other Places. The Air, indeed, is not over he.i!tl,y,
eljsecially near the Sea lor Strangers. Ii) that of the Af,?/iyfi
ami I'tu'.cb many ot them liud at their lirll coming tliere-, but
now by rellraining their !ntemperanie«, and ufing a lirrit
£ciirj(,;ux Wine, Canary, or Shiras thry prrferve th'm-
lelves tollerably healthy among them. Ihr whol-- Cc'in-
try is well svatcred by ClianneN cut out of the Kiver
(iiitigei, which CTMitiibutes as miuh to their Commerce ai
Plenty ; it is well |x:opleil, and has al undanie ot Villages
full ot ItftitiUs, ami the I- ieh's prtKhii r, Ixrliiks ."sugar, K:ce,
Com, and PuKe alxjvementioncd, ,s<laiiuim lor(Jil, Iniall
Mi.Ux-rries to feed Silk-wortiis, AnanaV, and other Kruit-
l>earing Trrrs. In the Ganj^f! alio are m.iny othrr fruitrul
Ifles lovercd with continual Verdure-, but tow.iids the
Mouth lome ot th'in are abandoned, liecaufe thry w-re
rr.Uf h inftlled bv the (.v'Ji'ir! and t.h'" hur.ki of /d/ur,
fo that they have noothrr Inh.ibltam l'itTyi;eis, Vt-^uW^,
Hogi, and Poultry. N-iiure in thi'. Cn.ntry nnxiii.'.s
Miracles, as they In in to u- fur dillatit. It is not uncum-
mon III lainy Sialoiis to kr Rainlviws ol the Moon iii ihe
Night, when tlic Mi.oii is at the full, ;ind in lame calm
Seafon'. the Bullies will be covered \<, thu k with little llipf;-
ing Fh-^ that ih<7 l-em all un Fire, and there anft In^jht-
tul Flames in gnat CiIuIk!, which the ignorant luuk upcn
as Devils.

1 6. The Kingdom of H:!:!an is ol a large E.«ent, avl
it is haul to come to a jx-rtet't Knowledge ot it, the Mer-
(hants that trade from thei.ie into the IiJiti lieing able to
give l)i;t a veiy iiiii>rilfCt A(.<(nint of it The C'.ir.ivan :i
tiiree .Monjhs travellini' to f'aiura, letting out at t!.-' I'.: i
ot Dtrcmhr, and in eirlit D.iys arrivin;; at (Jcrrochifcur,
whiili IS the lalt Town in the (jreat Mogul's Uoininior.' ■.
and thcic is a heavy CuIIom, ui -• j / trr Ceit. iiT;t;o!ea

ni"?'!

M^' ■

?A)0k 1

Iruitful Coiintrir* in tfjj
r ItlTarsRicjinlwii
his 11 , Ni-ij',hbov!rb, but
)/««, .init the Ma'Jnn -,
ipi'li'.s the Kmgtlom rf
lit Mfjnpolamni, by tlit
'VrA.i ittrit, liy /{«H(/frj.
'llciit Sweet mcjt^ hcnr,
i!r, urn! the People pre-
k'xit whirh is loiii', hkc
, An,i!in'-, MirobaUns,
I in ot which are lent to
lor pro luri- much Com,
Vipon Kicr ; but it pro-
111 to acrommoilatc the
(txms very cheap ; three
toi^rther with Rice and
poiir People, are there to
a RnjKe, whi'h is about
wnty go(xi Pullets, and
I l'rftjx)rtion. Kiiis and
•re is liuh Store of Pork,
ung ellc aliiMil, and the
ipswithit. There is alio
in the Irefh and fiit Wa-
ns Rralbri, to'Tther with
or the 1- x-r;ile of th::r
an- tlcv! thither Irom jll
t in .-If^riK.'i, 'tis tail), there
tan', .ind :'i other I'urtjof
thou! ini! more \ it is th-
)t!^"i, .111.1 Silh, not on'y
iiTiM'j, Kinjvioins, and £»•

Qunr.ti;r' of botli, Lme
yrti anil wh:!c iito Jifttn,
|fi what the Pcr'>iurzf,
1 e!lewh<ri' • ''I"i<;mic, the
1' Pir/sj, Syiit, Said, and
ft, anil very good o! ihtir
ill ijuantiti-s ii thii Coun-
liMil vvhi.lr Shijis full to
hiiti-!, and into Etirtre.
AC, Opium, Wax, Civet,
rir Butter i^ tranrpcrmi
lecJ, IS not over healthy,
ers. I'(j that of the F.ijihjh
leirlirll coming there; but
ranie<, ami uling a little
as thiy prcfi-rve th^m-
II ni. riir whiilr Cmin-
s cut out of the Kivfr
h to their C ommcrre n
las al unvtame ot Viiijgcs
kIui e, Ixrfuks Sugar, Kicr.
, Silainum lor Uil, Imall
Anana's am' other Frui'-
tfo arc many othi r IrJitlul
cnluir ; bur tow.uds the
loiicil, liefaulr thrv w-re
til" hari^i ol K'/'d,
ant b'ltTyi^i-is, Ciaz^Ii'^,
in thi". Country nroiiiK'.i
ijHanl. It IS not uncum-
iN,ws <,l tlie Moon iii li-e
he hill, anil in lomc aim
llothiikwithhtrlertir'^-
•'irr, anJ there arifi Irij^hr-
h the ignorant look up<,n

is ol i large E.xtcrt, a-.d
Kowleilge ol ir, the Mer-
the JnMa Ixrinf?, able to
M ot 11 'Ihc Caravan :i
a, k-ttin^ out at tl.-' l'.: ^
„ arnvinj;at (Jcrrcchif.u^
Hreat Moj'.ulN Uomimor^
i ■ I tcr (.ml. iiiiVi'l'^^il

CImp. n. of the feveral Cortntncs of (he INDIES.

iijion all Mcrf!iunili/.f ; Init the Mfrcli.ints ullially barjjdin
with the Ciillomer before tluy procceil, for thi'y IniiiB
ir ilown to liven or eight in tin- Way iVom drrcchj'our.
For right or nine Days Journey the Caniv.'U lulters imiih
I (anlfliip, for tlic (oiintiy is nothing but Fori-ft.s, ami full
of will! I'.lcpliants ; fo that the Merchants, indcadof takin,
ihrir rcrt, are forceil to watcli, keep Fires
ihtir Mnll^i'ts all the Night long •, for thi
li .ikc no Noil'c in tn-ailin'^, will othcrwife come upon thcni
unawares -, not that they will do any Mifchief tothe Mm,
but will plunder the Caravan of their V'iftuals. Five or fit
I .ea^ucs thci'.ci' you enter into the Territories uf the Kujalt
of AV/',;/, which extends to the Frontiers of the Kin;j;il()n\
o; IktilflH ; he is a tributary to the Great Mog,' ' anitr. t'l
piv him every Year ati F.lephant for his 1 loniao/'. The
Metro[)olis whi re he rdulcs is of the lame Name \ but thert;
is little either of Trade or Money in this Country, bciauli;
it is all Wooil and Forcfts. Having palTed his Terrlioi ies,
you come to certain Mountains, which arR upon the Con^
lines of Boutjti : All this Road you may travel in PallekiN i
but generally the Travellers ride upon Oxen, Camels or
Horfes, bred up in the Country, which, though very Imall
;ind dear, yet are llrong, and will travel twenty Leagues
without baiting ; and indeed you can ufe no other fort of
Carriage crofs thcfc Mountains, btcaufe of the Narrow neli
and Kuggednefs of the PalTes.

When the Caravan arrives at the Foot of the Moimtaiii.i
cilled Nauprocot, abundance of People come from all Parts
of them v out the grcatcft Part of them arc Wonu'ii and
CTirls, who agree v.ith the Merchants to carry them their
(ioods and ProviCion.s over the Mountains, which is eight
Days Journey. Tlicfe Women carry vinon each Shoulder
a Woollen Roll, to which is fallened a large Cufhion, that
hangs down upon their Hacks, upon v.'hich they carry Seats,
There are three Women to carry one Man, relieving one
another by Turns ; and tor their Luggigc and Provillons,
they lay them upon Cioats that will carry a hundred and
hfty Pound Wei;;ht apiece : Thofe that will ride, are forced
to have their 1 lories hoift'.d up with Cordi, The W^Mnen
that crry tlie Men get for tlic'r eight Days Travel two
Rupees apiece, and as much for cverv Burthen that the
Gosts carry, and for every Morle which they loatl. I lav-
ing palTed over thofc Mountains, you may go the lell of
the Journey to Boutan, upon Oxen, Camels, 1 lorlis, or
Palleki's. The Country is good, abounding i i Rice, Corn,
Piilfc, and Store of Wine. All the People, both Mn and
Women, arc clad in the Summer with a large Piece of
Fuftian, or Flempen Cloth, and in the Winter with i»
thick Cfoth almod like Felt. Both Men .'.nd Women wear
upon their 1 leads a kind of Bonnet much like Drinking-
Cans, which thev adorn with Boars I'cctli, and with
round ;^nd Iqv.arr i'leces of Tortoife-llidl -, the riih-r fori
mix with them I'iece. of CToral and Amber B;'.ids, ot which
their Wonuii make themfelvcs NeekLifes. 'Jhe Men, a".
well as t!:c Women, wear Bracelets upon their left I laiuK
only from th.l' WrilV to the I'.lbow. The Women wear
them ftrait, and the NTen loole. About their Necks th^ y
wear a Silver 'I'will, ar the F.iul wlu reef hani's a Head of
yellow Aiulx ;-, or Coral, or aRoar''^ Touth, wliich dangles
upon their Breall. V\w\\ their lefr Sides th' ir Girdk-s are
buckled with Be.-.il; nt die lame. Tlioii:5h tluy W Idola-
ters, yet they fe;\l upon all forts of I' )cd, except tin- I'kib
of the Cow, wiiuh they adore, as the eommon Nude ot all
Men. They mc [\\ai I .ovevi of llrr,ng Waters. They
obferve alio lome Ceremonies from the CbiwJ,
Amber at the Clole of their fealV , t!io-.;yh they do
woilTiip Fire, a.s tb.e Ckiiiffe do

mull cany them carefully, for if it takes wet, it i.s utterly
(iitiiled, and they had need to carry it the moll fpcedy
Wny , for it is liable to corrupt, or if not, it is apt to eat out
its own Virtue, This Kingdom alfo produces fomc Mufk,
and Plenty of I'urs. They have goodStore of Martins in

having
lole

, inllcad ot takina ilicir Country, whcth yield a very rich Fur •, but not ha'
res, and (hoot <>lt the Skill that the Mufiovites have to take them, they
e Elephants, who the Profit of that Commodity, which the Mufcozites h.

buriun';
not

.:1

rood Com

l.fpon thtic Ace(-unts Amber =".1 Cor.:! ;;r
mniliries at Bcutan ; a Piece of yell --w Amber as big ,\\ A
Nut, biiglit and ck-ar, is worth foity-five Rupees, and a
Piereofni.ieO'UK-e-, two hundred and !il"ry,or three hundretl
Rupeis. Coral rough, or wrought into Beads, yields a
propoition.iblc AdvantaiJ;c •, but they had rather li.iye II
mugh, to (liare it into wli.at I'igure they pleale iluiulelves,
The Women .iiui Maid-, are generally the ArtilU ,imong
them, as to tluir Toy?. Thf moft excclknt Rhubarb
comei from tins Contry of B.:i\:r. It is a Root which

they cut in

gfther, har

Numb.

till'
Pie

rv o.
Iriin"

.Mil

and Ihinging them by ten or twelve lo-
'•o .-. di);:i^3. Ivir.gdiLd, the Mvr'.h.Wf.

lor iu> liioncr does that Creature peep out of its Hole, but
the MiijhviKst who lie upon the Watch, have them pre-
I'enily, lliooting thcni, tither in the Nofe or Lyes -, for
Iboiild they hit them in the Body, the Blood would quite
fpoil the Skill I From hence alio is brought the Seed, which
It oteoiiiued fu good againll Worms, called therefore
Worm li-'eil, It is the Seed of a certain Plant which grows
in the l''iekh, but mull not be gathered till th,-: Plant is
dfild, which is the Realbn that the Wind fcatters the
Hrraiell I'art of it before it can be gatli-rcd, which makes
It li iirce. When they gather the Seed, they take two little
llamptrfi, and a-; they go along tlie Fields, they move
them baikward and forward, as if they were mowing the
I lerl), and lb bowing it at the Top, the Seed falls into the
I l!im|ieri.

I"', The King and all his People are Idolaters, and
worfhip Monrters, as the other Heathen Indians do.
There Is no King in the World more feared and refpedtcd
by \m .•^ubiee1s than the King oi Bout an, being in a man-
ner adored by them. When he fits to do Juftice, or give
Audience, alt that appear in his Prefence hold their Hands
(kill- tfigcthcr above their Forheads, and, at a Diftance
from the Throne, prollratc themfelves upon the Ground,
not daring to lift up their Heads. In this humble Pofture
they preient all their Petitions to the King, and when
they retire they go backwards, till they are quite out of
Si^^ht. It i< alfirmcd, then when the King docs the Deeds
of Nature, fuch a< are about him prcferve it, and dry and
powder it, like Sneezing-powder, and fell it to the Mer-
chants and Farmers, who buy it as a great Rarity, and at
thf ir I 'calls Ih'cw it upon their Meat. This King has con-
flantly about him liven or eight thoufimd Men for his
(iu,>rd. Their Weapons for the moll part are Bows and
Arrows bur fomc of them carry Battle-Axes and Buck-
ler?. 'I'hfy have had the life cf Mufkets and Cannon
a IfiiiK Time ; The Grain of their Gun-powder is long,
but ol an extraordinary Force ; and their Cannon have
I ,ettrr'i and l-'igures upon them, by which it appears that
fome of them are above live hundred Years old.

No Man m.iy ftir out of the Kingdom without the Go-
vo'norN Leave i nor is any allowed to carry a Mufkcc
alonu with him, unlefs their next Kindred will undertake
|i>r fliem that they fliall bring them back. Their Guns
!\re polillied within as fmooth .as a Looking-glafs, and gar-
nillKd without with cmbolTed Wires, and Flowers of Gold
and ,^ilvcr inlaiit, and carry large Bullets. There are al-
wayi lil'ty F.lephants ^nd twenty-five Camels, with each a
Pieto ot Artillery mounted imon his Back, which carry
half a Po'.ind Hall ■, behind it fits a Cannoneer to manage
and level it as he p'eafes. The Natives of Bcutan arc
ftroiijt, anvl well pr(>portioncd, but their Nofes arc fomc-
what liat. 'The Woiren are bigger, and more vigorous
than the ^T>'^, but are troubled with Swellings in the
Throat more than the Men arc, for few of them cfeapc
that Diti'.de. 'I'hey know not what War is, luving no
i^iemy lo liar liut the Mogul -, and from him they are
fenced with high, llctp, craggy and liiowy Mountanis,
whieh he ntver thought worth his Trouble to pals.
Northward there are nuthing but vaft Forells and Snows ;
Kail and Well no Water but what is bitter. And as foi
the Rajahs i.iar them, they are Princis of Imall Force,
'i'hey have a Silver-Mine in theKiiMviem of Eiu'.an, ti-r
the King Coins much Silver in I'icces of the \'akic ot a
RjltpCf \ but they have a little Gold, and whattiiey have
il by tlie Merchants brought them out of the F.a'.lern
Countries,

IS, The Kin.^knu of Tipia lie-, on the N. W . of the
Kini'.dom of Ji^igiOi, twelwc Day.s Journey Irem [X-.ca :
it IS about lillerii'Days Journey a-cruli. They ride upon
Oxen and lloril-, which are very low, but very hardy.

The KiuLiand Nobility lidc in P.ill.ki'i or
o Y

II'

f-IS Y,

|1i.^^

ant3

i ■- ■

iK «.i'

ii/^^l

m I'

i :'i:

'^itpplimcfital .liioufit of the Comniodiucs, ^'c. Book I.

,); *|

mm m ^ ?•

ll:

ill' tv

of W.ir. The I'loplf .irc us fuhitCl to \Von< on tlirir
riiroais u iliofc ot HoutJu, inlonuKh tlui ibnu- ol ilieir
Women have ihi-m hanninj; >!t)\vn In ihiir Hirulls wluch
proceed from the Bakln»i> nt the W.Jtcrs. I'lwri is i»u-
thinj; in Tifra which 11 fit tor Stranprrs.'

There i< a Mine of Gold, Init the Metal i< vcr>' > oaric j
nnd there is a fort of coarle Silk, whuh i» all the Ui veiuic
the King has, tor hccxadi no Siibluiir* from his Sulijcifs.
Only thejf who arc not of the prime Nol)ility work fix
Hays in the Year in the Mine or Silk\Vork\. lie femis
hisdold and Silk into Oi'w, and for them they brin^hiin
Iraik Silver, which he coini into I'lece* of the Value of
e.ghtecn Seuj, and others of twenty-two Sam. In the
language of thi« Country he 1* lallcti Dun .ir.tXitn,
wh>ch IS ft»m|x'd up«in one v^ide of the Money, ami on
th- nthfr Cbattnmani Rey dt 7//'«*r,i \ he allu nwkis
th;n I'.ciej of GoUl, like'the .y//«.Ti of fur^r, of which
he has two Sorts, tour of one making a Crown, and two
of the other.

ly. 1 he Kingdom of Afem is one o| the btW Coun-
tries in all /l/ut lor it pr<Hiut\< all Ihinj^* neielVary for
fjnun .Suhiillciicr, without any Nerd ot loreign Suoply.
Tli.r.' arc in it Mines of GoiJ, Silver, Steel, 1 cad. Iron,
and (year Store of Silk, but loarlo. There is a Sort ot
Silk luund under the Trees, whuh is limn by a Creature
'ike our Silk- worms, but rounder, and whuh live* all the
Year long umicr the Trees. The SiulVs that are maiie ot
thLs Silk glilUr vciy much, hut they lirt prtlently. Tlus
Country alio pr<x!ui.'e:> all luits ot Gum Idv, of which
there arc two forts ; one grows uiulrr the Trees ot a red
Colour, With which they |vaint thtir l.innen and Siufls j
xid when they have drawn txjt the red Juiu-, thi- irmain-
ing Subtlance fcrvcs to varnilh Cal'inets, and make Wax,
Ixing t!ic bcrt Ijc in .Ifi'* tor thole I 'lei. As tor tlio
Gold, they never fulTer it to \x trantjxirtetl out ot the
Kingdom -, rH>f do they make any Money of it, but pre-
fcrvc It in Ingots, which pals in I r.ide among the Inha-
bitants i btit the Silver the King coins into Mojwy of three
Drams four (Jraini Weight, which make twenty-three
Sius. Tho' their Country is very plentilul in all Thingi,
yet there is no Fleth they el^nm to riunh at IX)g^-Mefti,
xhuh is the grc.itcrt Dcliiaiy at their Kealh, and is loki
every Month in every City of the Kingdom uum their
Marku Days. They have alfo great Store ot Vmrs and
very gcoi (irajx", but they never make any Wine, but
dry the Grapes to make .l^ita i'ii/r.

They have no .Salt but what is ari.iiiial, which is made
two Way 1 full, they raife great Hcai s ot that grren
Stufl' that fwims on the Tuii ot \\\r Itanding Wuters
which the Ducks and Frogs cat i ihi they dry and burn,
and the Alhcs thcreul being b*)tled m a Cloth in Water,
become very good Salt : But the moll ulual Way is to
take the leaves of Adjm'i Kig tree, whivh, being burnt,
the Alhes thereof nuke a Salt f) tart that it is imjxjtTiblc
to tat It t:ll the Strength be taken awav, whu h they do by
pu:ti.-g the .^Oks into the Water, anil iWiing them up an<l
dow;i t n or twelve Days together, and then thrv tlrain
the SiiblUnce through a Cloth awA lii it . fur, as the Wa-
ter boils away, the Bottom thickens, and wl^n the Wa-
ter IS all Ixjilcd awav, thry liad at the li^ittom very good
and wh:tr Salt. ()| the Allies of th • 1 ig i -eaves thry alio
nuke .1 Lye with wiuJi tlify w.ifli their Silks which
makes th:m as white as Snow , liui tliry have not I. rave*
enough to whiten lulf the Silk that throws in their
C'Jtmtry.

In rhi: City of A'rwmrrM/ the King of .i ,m V. ry, his
Court, i his King requires i<, Sulii.dll s .)t his I'eiiplr,
tor ail the Mines in the Kingiiom are his own i and, for
h:s Subicdts \Lik, he lia. roue liut Slaves that wt.ik in
them i lothat all the Nanves • I ./^.ji, |,vc .>t ihnr I ale k
and every one has his Houle to Imnlrlt, and in the
Midlt ot liA Ground a lountain in(.'m;Mlled wrh Trrck,
and moft foii.mo.nly evny o;,e an I 1. jliant to i.irry their
Wivc', lur tliey lave four Wives; .uui when iluy marry
rhem, they lay to tl.cm, / /.jir lb<t to javt mr m imb a
TttM^, and to anotlirr, / t.de ibt( tj d,> j:„l> .1 Buiinfji :
So that every one of their Wivn knowing wlui Ihc his to
0.0 I ^tlie lloulr, thtie i. nu l)iHVun>e amonn th.in.
J k- Nicii and Womt.i arc y; n'-rail) well i jinpleiowucd,

Privy- Parts, with a Bonnet ujion their Heads like a blu
Cat), hung about with Swines Teeth. '^

rhcy make large I lolei in their Pars, that you mav
run your Thumb in, and hang in them Pi'crs of Gold
and Silver -, Bracelets alfo of Tortoifc-.Shells ami S-a-Sher^
as long as an l-.gg, which they law into Circles •, are m
great I.tlcem among the meaner tort, is Bracelets of Coral
and yellow Amber arc among the richer. When they
bury a Man, ail his Friends and Relations mull come to
the Burial, and when they lay the Boily in the Ground
they all take oft" their Bracelets from their Arms and l^eos'
and bury them with the Corps. In the City of .Ucd
are the Tombs of the Kings of .Iftm and .ill the Royal
I'amily -, for though they arc Molaters, thiv never burn
their dead Bodies, but bury them. They Ixlicvc that the
Dead go all of them into another World, and that they that
have lived well in th«s have Plenty of all ihin^i •, but tky
who have lieen ill Livers, fuifcr the Want ol all Things,
king in a more efjxrcial manner afflicled with I lunger and
Drought i and that therefore 'tis good to bury lometliing
with them to ferve them in their Necellity. lor this Rea-
fon their Kings build themfelves, in their life-times, Cha-
ucls in the great Pagods ,».• be buried in, wherein tliry
hore up great Sums of Gold anil Silver, and other Motc-
ablcs of Value : Bcfides, when they bury any of their King%
they bury with him likewife whatever he efttemcd nwll
prc( lous in his Life time, whether it be an Idol of Gold
or Silver, or whatever elfc, that being needful in this, is
alio as they think ncceflary in the lafe to come.

But that which favours moft of Barbarifin is this ; that
when any King dies, all his bcl\-beIoved Wives, and the
jirir.cipal Officers of his Houfe, jxjifon themfrlvcs to be
buried with him, and to wait utwn him in the other
World : And they alfo bury one F.fephani, twelve Camels,
fix Horlrt, and a goo«l Number of 1 loumis, bclicvmj;
that all thcfe Creat\ires rife again to ferve the King. '1 is
thought thefe were the People that lirrt invented Guns, and
Powder, and that the Invention fpreading itldf into Pqu,
and then into China, it from thence became known in the
World, and fothtC/zxcyirwcre thought to be the Inventors
of them. Their Powder is very fmalland round, like ours
in Eurcfe, and very ftrong. As tor the Kingdom of
S:am, and that of Macijjar, the Accounts already given
of them, difpenlc us from the Neaflity ot infertir.g what
this Author has written about them. But with regard to
that ot the Kingdom ot Tunquin, otTonquin, itisatoncetb
concife a.nd fo curious, that it would W uniuft to conceal
It from the Reader's Notice ■, and, tin tetore, with this
Dcltription W( Otall conclude this Part of the Travels
of Mr. TavnHitr.

10. The Kingdom of Tcnquin H Iwuniied on the Fall
by Canton, a Province of China, on the Weft by the
Kingd('m of Biama, on the North by 'Junan and i^iinft,
two other Provinces of China, and on the South by Co-
(biH-Cbina. Ihe Air is mild and temperate, though it
Iks in the Torrid Zor>e, and the Ground \o fertile that
there IS a continual Spring : Froft and Snow are ncvrr
Icen here, and the Gout, Stone, and Pcftiicncc areSrraii-
gen in it. The North and South Wir.ds, which con-
iinually blow, and divide the Year between them eoually,
to mu<lerate the Heats that they arc not truublelumc -,
yet, oil' c in fcven Years, they have hideous and ttn-iblc
remiK-lf% which make (Uange Defulations, pulling up
Trees, and blowing down Houfes. Thete Exhalations
arc thought, by their Alfologcn, to proceed from the
Mines, as is alfo In heved, in Japan.

'The whole Kingdom is divided into fcveral Provinces,
which together contain, as it is faid, 20000 Cities and
Towns, though many Famihes, with their Cattle, live
always upon the Water in Boats, after the Manner of the
Co(kin(j>iHtjt. The Country is for the mod pait level,
lave that in the North there arc fome Hills. It is watered
sMth feveral Riven, fome of which cury VrlTeU ot a
gooil Buithen, and lo are commodious for Trade. In all
thii Country grow r.citl.rr Corn nor N'inri, Kcaufe they

never

^'i

Book I. I Chap. 1 1. of the feverai Count ties 0/ //6t' I N D I E S. g r 9

■ly arr (warthy.ami fubifa

arc they lb wi)| !,„„;.

1« nolcd. In the Souih-

akal, „nly covrrmg ,hc,r

n Heir Hc»d, like a blue

xth.

ihcir Fars that you may

'"r'ci"!,^'"'^' oKiold
«)ill-Shclls ami S-a-Shdl..
r law into Cirilrsi arc m
lort, .IS Braidcu of Coral
the richer. When they
1 Relations mull come to
the Boily in the Ground,
om thrir Arnisonii Legs,
. In the City of Am
'Ifm ami ail the Royal
iloUters, ihiy never burn
1. They txlicve that the
>Vorlil,and that they that
yof airihin^,; buttlky
the Want ol all Tliinp,
affliclcd With 1 lunger aiid
( good to bu7 loniething
Nccclliiy. lorttmkia-
, in their I Jfc-timcs Cha-
buricd in, wherein tliry
.1 Sliver, and other Morc-
ry bury any of their Kinp%
latcvcr he efteemed moll
jcr it be an Idol of Gold
being needful in this, is
e I jfe to come.
)f Barbarifm is this ; that
:-bcIovcii Wives and the
, poili;!! thtmfrlves to be
upon him in the other
KIcphant, twelve Camels,
Kr of 1 lounils, bclicvmf;
1 to Crrvc the King, 'lis
lat lirft invented Guns, and
fpreading itlilf into Peiu,
ncc became known in the
ought to be the Inventors
("mall and round, like ours
As lor the Kingdom of
• Accounts already given
Jcaflity of inferring what
icm. But with regard to
otTenqiiiit, itisatoncelb
kould l>e iinjuft to conceal
md, tlurelore, with this
tliis I'art of the Travels

i^ Ix)unded on the Ead
(J, on the Wift by the
th by JuHa/i and i'^aix/i,
jiKJ on the South by Cs-
nd temptrate, though n
le Ground fo tcrtile thjt
toft and Snow are ncvir
and Fcftiitncc are Srnui-
uth Winds, which con-
between them enualiy,
are not troublelomc ;
ave hideous and terrible
Dclulation^, nulling up
•s. Thefc Exhalations
, to proceed Irom the
\an.

d into fcverti Provinces,
laid, aoooo Cities and
with thiir Cattle, live
after the Manner of the
for the mod pait Itvel,
ime Hilk It is watered
uch cirry VdllU ot a
•dious for Trade. In ail
or Vinci, kcaufe iht-y
pevcf

never have any Rain but i.i June and July -, but Rice is
produced in vaft Quantitici, wliicli fupplics tlic IVopIc
lioth witli Meat and Drink : They have alio good Aqua
Viu, or Strong- Waters. Their Fruits are excellent, but
all diftcrcnt from ours. Tlicir Palms bear larger Nuts
than in any Part of Afia \ tliey arc as big as a IVlan's
1 land, and lliaped like a Cocoa, the Pulp is as white a.s
Snow, and talles like our Almonds, and every one yielils a
conliderabic Quantity of Liquor very picaling to tlie Pa-
late, Tlie Gogovicr, which refembles our Laurel, is of
two forts, the one bears a Plumb, green witliout and red
within, but the other a yellower Pruit, which is much
more efteemed. The Papagcr bears a Fruit iiiie a imall
Melon, and the Taftc is very delicious. The Arraga,
which grows upright and tail, like the Mart of a Ship,
bears Branches only at the Top, and tlie Fruit is like a
Nutmeg J ihey bruife it with Beetle and Chalk, which
they chew to make their Teeth white, Lips vermilion,
ami Breath fweet.

They have Figs of two forts, the one like ours, the
others hke thofe called Mamh Figs, as long as a Man's
Finger. They liave a Tree like our Willow, called the
Powder-tree, bccaufc of the Wood burnt into Charcoal,
they nuke Gunpowder. The Janbagels grow very high,
and bear a Fruit refembling a Citrul-Cucuinber, which
ha.s a Pulp like a Pomegranate, and is very plealant in the
hot Stafons. Their High-ways are planted with Warr-
trees, which arc a great Convenience for Travtilcis •, lor
fonie of them arc lb big that two or three thoufaiid Men
might fhelter themfelvcs under them, fonie of their
Branches iKing three hundred Paces long, and fuppotted
at every twelve I'oot with under Branches, which, having
taken Root, fupixjrt them like fo many Pillars : The Nuts
of them, which arc no bigger than a Walnut, have a Ker-
nel like Millet, which lerves only for Food for the Rcre-
Mice, which make their Nefts there. They have Bodies
as big as a I'uilct, and the Porlururu prefer them before
it. They have a certain fort ofBirds-nefts, as big as a
Swallow's, which they diflblvc in Water for Sauces to ail
their Delicacies •, they give a Flavour above all the Spices
of the Eafi'Indies put together -, they arc found only in
the four lllands belonging to Cochin-China. The Tunqui-
Mje alfo catch abundance of Tortoifes in their Seas, which
they not only tlleem excellent Food, and think they can-
not treat their Friends as they ought to do without them,
but pickle them up, and fend them abroad, wliicli caufes
a Trade among them. TunpuH affords a mighty Store of
Ananas, and Orange-trees, which are of two forts, the
one no bigger than Apricots, the other bigger than Por-
/«lfrt.' Oranges, both well tailed alike, and pkntilui for fix
Months. Their Citrons, which are both green and yel-
low, are too urt to be eaten, but the Juice is made ufc of
to tleanfc Copper, Tin, and Iron, for gilding, as alio to
Hour Silk, whiten Linnen, and take out Spots.

In Mogulijlan they will make their Calicuts fo wlute with
tlic Juice of tliefe Citrons, as to dazsde your Eyes. Great
CJuantitics of Silk arc made in this Country, of which
both Rich .md Poor make their Garments •, and the Hol-
lander! tr.infport many into Q)itta. They have but one
fwcit fmelling Flower, called the Hague, which grows
like a Nolcgay. They have abundance of Sugar, and tat
vtry nnicli after their Meals for Digcftion, hut thry eat it
out of the Cane, not having the true Art to refine it. In
this whole Kingdom there are neither Lions, Afi'es, nor
Slieep, but their Forefts are full of Tygcrs, Marts, and
Apes, and their Fields of Oxen, Cows, and Hogs, Hens,
Our ks, and Turtles, which are the general Provifions of
th'.ir Feads, are numberlefs. Their Horfirs are well
(hapeil, and the King always keeps five or fix hundred of
them ill his Stablis. Their Elephants are ot a prodigious
Bignefs i there aie none fo tail and nimble in all A/ia.
1 he King keeps live or fix hundred of them for his Ser-
vice in his Palace, and Wars. They have no Cats, but
their Dogs deftroy their Rats and Mice, which arc very
lir^c and millhievous. They have very few Birds, but
f;k h Multitudes of (Jnats, that tliey arc very troublcfomc
at Ni^Iits, as well l>y their Noife as Stinging i ihey drive
f!iem away by tlie Snuuk of Rice-Chaff: But the greateft
Inconvenience of ilic Country arc the white Etnmcts.whofc

Biting rifrs Blillcrs on the Skin; for thrir Teeth are fo flia-n,
that they will gnaw a Poll in two in a little Time, and cat
a Bale ot Silk m twenty-four Hours, as if it were cut in

two.

1 hey have no Mines of Gold or Silver in fumtiit, nei^
ther do they coin any Money. The chief Commodities
ot tins Country are, befidcs the Silk above-mentioned.
Lignum- Aloes, ot which there are fome worth a thoufand
Crowns the Pound, being oily and good : All the Mnhvn-
medans ufe it to perfume their Boards and Rooms at Vilits,
and therefore the Pcrtugueze of Gea lint, as a rare Prclent
to the Emperor of Japan, a Piece of Lignum- Aloes fix
Foot long and round, worth 54000 Livres. Tiie Tun
quinefe arc very faithful in their Dealings, very unlike their
Neighbours tlie Obinefi, who will cheat you if they can -,
and if they are at any Time over-reached, will pay in light
Money, for they are blunt and plain. Having no Money,
they make ufe in Trade of Ingots of Gold, and Bars ot
Silver, which they have from China and Japan for their
Silks. They are worth from three to fix hundred Livres,
and therefore in fnull Payments they either cut tiicm in
Pieces, or pay in Spanijh Reals.

'I'lie Forces of this King for War is prodigious •, his ufual
Army is laooo Horfe, 2000 Elephants, as well to carry the
King's and Nobilities Tents and Baggage as for the Service
ot the Wars :joo,ooo Foot and 300 Gallics, and fometimes
the amount is 1500,000 Men. The Condition of the Sol-
diers is very toillbme and laborious , they arc always upon
the Guard, or attending their Captains in looking after thi;
King's Elephants, and fo breeding them that they need
not be- afraid of Fire, or in building Places of Shelter for
the King's Gallics in Winter -, yet their Wages are fu
fmali that they cannot maintain their Wives and Families,
but their Wives arc forced to follow foinc Trade to fup-
port them. Their Companies confill of an hundred, or an
hundred and thirty Men, and the Soldiers are obliged
to keep ail their Arms very neat and bright. The People
of Tmiquin are naturally mild and peaceable, fubmitting
eafily to Reafon, and condemning the Tranlpoif. ot"
Anger, and other Pafiions.

They eftccm the Manufafturcs of other Countries more
than their own, yet love to hve at home, and honour the
Memories of their Anceftors : Their Speech is foft, and
pleafing, they have good Memories, and are fluent in their
Difcourfe. 'I'hey have good Poets among them, and their
People generally love Learning •, both Men and Women
are well proportioned, but of an olive Complexion, and
therefore much admire the Whitcnefs of the Europeans.
Tlieir Hair is black, and they wear it very long, and well
combed and tied upon the Crown of their Heads, or about
their Necks, to keep it from fluttering into their Eyes, 'ihe
blackell Teeth, and longeft Nails, they accounted the moll
beautiful. Their Habit is grave and modcft, being a Ion"
Robe i for Ixjth Sexes girt about with a fiiken Girdle, mixed
with Gold and Silver. The Soldiers wear an upper Gar-
ment, which reaches no farther than the Knees, and Breeches
that go down to the Middle ; but have neitlicr Hole, nor
Shoes.

The common People, except wiiere the King's Court is,
work three Months at the King's Palace, and two Months
for the Madams, or great Lords, the reft of the Year is
left to work for tliemlelves and F'amilies. One Day in tht:
Year they are obliged to lop Trees to teed the Eleph:mts.
Their Rivers are free from Crocodiles, and other dant^crou.s
Animals, which haunt the Waters of the Nile and (uiitgesi
but yet onee a Year they overllow tlieir Banks, after t':e
Rains, with that terrible Violence, that they carry aw:iy
whole Towns and Villages along with them.

The '7««}«;'«c^ir cannot marry without the Confcnt of their
Parents •, and it they he dead, the Permillion of tluir nearcll
Kindred, and the Allowauce of the Governor ot the llace
where the Marriage is made ; for which the Man mull pay
a certain Sum limited by Law. The People are very in-
duftrious here, and all the Money the Maids get before
Marriage is to buy them two or three iiandlbmc Garments,
a Necklace of Coral, or yellow Amber, and Beads to gar-
nilh their L icks, and tor their Portions. There is no
Wedding without a great Feail, the poorer fort for three
Day* at Icaft, if they arc .ibie, a;iJ others lor nine, Fhc

L«ws

r"3

' '; [ B ! L

1:^ 1

v:]

i^fl, .|i

! .Ai !;!■, ifil

iir«i< r m

8io

I Si^f>[!(lNt'fU(ll .hiOUUl

'■'fi'KJ

'ri

.'4

I,.iw< of tlu- l..i;vi I'triiv.t tlii- Mm td divcitrc hi% W.ti-
wlunrvir he 1'VmI<«, «hic!> tluy nuny timw ilo for flight
C.uilis , Ini: the W.in.m Ikk not thr fjnv |*rivi!(T' •, arc!
it IIk- i!c(:rr* ir, ohtaiis it with Pii'mlty i i ■ t i.,-. \]v\ ii
bound to fcftorc tlic Woman wli.u (he hro»ii;ht with hii,
and kcfji the C'hil.^nn bcjMttfn Ixtwccti thcni ; Imt now
Pivorce* arc ii.K hjlt to tiTt]^^^ as tormcrly. A^Uiltrirllrs
are jnininicd hrr;' very l'( vircly, the OllVmlcr Iviiii', rail to
;in Mf|ih.int l>rrvi uji for that I'lirjHilc, w!io throws thrni ni'
into thi- Air, and thin tranii'le* tUtm tindir Feet, till they
arc dead.

Of all t!,e Fafl'm Pcopu- thr tM^uiifff arc the moft
fociablf, and moll (rcqticmly vifit earh other -, generally
th<y make th'ir ViFits abom Noon, with a Ti.im ftiitablc
to their Condition-, the I'iin(es ami Mamlnnn'i ridr on
Flcrhants, or are rarncil in I'allenkic*, and their Train ii
of htt) cr lixty IVrlmi ; the ordin.iry (irntry, and Offirers
of the CiHirr, ride on Horlirbaik, and nr not allowed alK)VC
feven or eight Strrant^ to nttrnd them. 'I'hcy rhew Hit!"
continually, wliere it i' to be had, and at tlic;r Vilitsalway ;
prefcnt their I'nenJ'- wiih fome at taking i .eave -, and the
r;cher the I?ox is tlic greater tlie I'rcient i^ cllrrmrd.
Anuing the jHny.iini'f, it is a };iTat Difhonoiir to have the
WfiA baiT, tor th;-y Ihavc ail Lrini:raN, and it any Perfon
tv toiird without Hair, they api>reheiui him, and carry
him to th? (fovcrnur, who canfcs him to Ix- nailui to a
Crofs immediattly. They lit in)rs-lecp;cd, as the red of
the A>i.Ui;s \ but inftead of Car;rts they ufc Mats niaiie
of Kecds as (v:.c .is thread, and as foft .is Wlvet, wjiirh
they iay uj-on Hids, rrnt on the (iround, a? the Ptrfians
and other liJia^i <io. They arc not curious in their l)iet,
but srry neat in dreffinp it.

The comm-i:i I'co;<ie are rontentci! with Rice boiled in
^Vate^, dry liib .ind V^V^ tor thry fat Flefii only at thrir
l-el^v.als^ but t!.- i^rtat l.ords are lerved csrry I^ay with
Fii (h and Fi!h ; hut they know not how to bake any thinp;.
Ail thfir Meat i . cut in little I'ieas, xnd tlrved up in little
lackered Plates 1 in than our I renrhers. They ufe no
Napkins or '1 al'lc-cioths Knives, Forks or Sjxwns ; but
only two Stt^k? to take up their Meat ; fur thry nevr touch
it with th-ir F!.i'v!i. Thry wartj their Hands, Mouths,
.nrx) Face<, Ixrtoic tficy fit down to Meat \ i-ut irver after
their Meals. TiKy are iifually Cil'-nt at Table ; but if they
have a Miixl tt) ililcourf-, the eld' ll h<gins tirft i for they
}>aT m',:ch Flononr to S^". When they would know whe-
ther my IVrlon hasr.itr-i luffiriently, they a(k h;;ii whether
lie h.:s eaten hss Kur, mea.-iing thereby the whuk- Kciaft,
as the Script'ire c<>c\ by Hread. Ihey never atV .uiy Man
liow he docs, I ut how he eat his Dinner; fi.r the more a
Man cars, the Ktter they fuppote hmi to be in Health.
Th-y take much IVIight in Comrv'.ies, which are ullully
lifted ujion the new Moon, and lall all Ni[;ht.

Th'-y f r up their Theatres in prrat I lalb, and adorn
their Stai'es \sith beautiful M.achines and .'ii "nc$. They
li.ive f.ldom more Actors than fight, either Men or Wo-
men, and th'y are very magnificently clad ; ihey a>'^l their
Parts perfectly well, am! otilervc ^n cxat't Time n their
Ha-cing. 'I'bcir oidinary Pafiimc, and cl;"ti.dly for the
Lords and Mandwns, a;c FiOiing and Hunfipg: In the
former they take the j^eater Pleafiire, bciaidi- ih.ir Rivers
are lull ot Fiih ; hit th' y nrsrr tullow th( :r Sjx.rt but upon
fcTtam Days when they niay be fpared from t!i-ir Bufmtfs.
The rumuntf'e are Lover- of learning, and .i|.ply thcm-
felves to ilieir .Sn:d;,s with Diligence. 'Fhelr I .earning
ecnfifts in th.- Krowlr'gc of the Fjw of th-:r Counrrv.
Mithematick', and Atb-onomy. They .ire .\d.'nirer» iit
PfH-try ami M\.\lik, snd are aico-.inrcj'the fjriatcl\ Ariifts
in ihein of .lil the Pio; le of t!;f !a(f.

To afp,i:irc Nobility by Ix-.;r-.;: -, th-y n^idy hard for
r>:ht Y(ars r; the OtJ^ce of a Nota-y. Prrxfu.r, or Advo-
rate -, ami if •.ijN.n a ftrift l-.itaniin.irion they are tound to
ufu'erdarM th-:r O.'Hec fo weli as to anfwer all <^ieitions
.jbrx.t >, their Names arc pr.leiitcd to the Kuig, who
(jrar.ri t'u-m a 'nti.- -.f tlic Syn.le . Having attived at thii
l)ef7<T, th y are or-iTcd to fbidy Mi.lkk, Atfrology,
i'lHtry, and Mifhtn.atirk:, five Years; and it u|ion a
l-c ir.d Fyami.'.atwii th:/ anfwer all (.^uelhons pit to them
i-s thol^- Socnrrs tVey .m- faifr d to tlic Digt.ity ut Doucan;
aftT tliis th"-/ iinift f'/cnd tour Yean niore'to wiite and
r^aJ ri.e f.7."; ■: C. .■.;.. t,r: to bcli NumUt ol WyrJ: ; lyr

liC(^k I,

7 ii'L C ummuJitic.s, {.

To know or write it fully is almoli imprdile, it is |„
ous. ami to underlland the 1 .iws ami Cullonis ot thr f Vv,,? '
ami alter a Ihiet Kxaniinaiion by all the Mandarim^ I
l/-aiiiing, and lanfj's, r-r Noblemen, (or eiiiht b,iv t
thry aniwer well, they arrive at the Degree ot^aTanli ' ■
an- received into the Rank ol the NobiHry, and ih K^"'!
pis'cs them certain Fossiis to take the Rent' ; 1 ut to i '."^,
more, .ii'd others ktv, .urording to their Merit, or the
Prince", !• ivour ; and the King givib thema V-|^ of .Sjif,,

Then they go to vifit their Towns given tlitni by th-
King, where they arc received in a gilded Br,ri'!u.i.-,\vit'"
Miiliik. and they Hay three Months lor their K-en ition'
and th( n they return to lourt to inftrua thenilclvrs |',|\|i,!
Aliairs ot the Kingdom and Pal.iie, and arrive .if theDii-.
niiy ot Mandarin. In the mean time their Names hcim-
written under large T.ibles, aro let ui)on the datf of t'lc
King's P.dace eight Days, that all the People may know
who .ire received into the Rank of the Nol)ility,

The Phylicians ol 'lunitin Ihidy Rwks but little, hv
r|>end thiir Youth in (irarching into the Virtues of lluut,
and .Simplt s, and hosv to apply them to every l>iltcmTer
which they imlge ot by the l)c.iting of the PuDe, and ju'dj!
verlify of Meilure, as by the I\ill'e ot the right Hand they
guels at the Condition of the l.ungs, and by that of the
Arm of the Ditb-mi-K-r (>f the Stomach and Kidney ■, by
the I'ulll- of the left Hand they judge of the tor.
dition of the Fleart; and ly that of the Arm of t^,
State ot the I.ivir; and fjy the Ptille of the Trm'

Siles, both right ami btf. they give .n mofl ejc^iiihf
I'.idgmcnt (.f the Kidn.yv They cucfuliy count' how
many times the IV.Ite ot a lick Per'^n k-.tn in the Spared
one Breathing, and arrord'ng to thil'e fevcral I'ullcstli'v
will tell you which P.irt of the Roely is particularly ililirm.
jx-rnl, sshrther the I learr, l.ivcr, or l.ungs, or whethr; i:
procenls from any outw.u\l Caufe. Th.y geiurally g,vc
I")cco^tions of Herl« and Roots, with a liitl: (iing-
They ul'e Ciina Ink to (fnp a Dylenteiy, and lor tlicCwre
of Wounds, and give I'owder ol Cnbs in Dykiucncs and
Fevers, ottcn in Water, lomctimes in Brandy.

Thry I rcfirilx- Tea. whieh cohks to them from Cl'in^
and 'J^tfcr, as an excellent Remedy againt^ the HeaJ-.kh
ami ( travel, and witn a little (linger tor the (»ripiiigot i!v
G«it^. That is arcf.ur.red the Ivit Tea which colours th-
Water green( ft ; tor that which colours it rcil is little re-
counted of. Againll the Affliflions which proceed from had
Airs, and cold Wines, they ufc a Counter-poifon mx-X
with /fy(M /-(/.r, in which all'f) they dip a Cloth, and rJi
the Patient well , but in this they boil a little Ginger, a- !
for ^ more f|)cedy Cure they fweat the Riticnt in a Cloi: I
ot Frankincenfe ; they never ufe Blood-letting, and in the
Purple Fever they ufe Fire, ami fomciimes pricking every
.Sjvir. ThcSjxjt being burnt will give a Whit^ like a Sijiiih,
which is an infallible Sign that the Venom is gone out ot thi:
B<x!y i but the Phylician muft take care that it ciois n./
enter his own, f')r tiicn Death certainly follows. It t!;:
Sjxjt U- pricked to let otit tile ]'t ffilential Blood, thry hi.i i
it, and then rub it with f iingcr, not permitting the I'auent 1 1
take the Air in twenty Days, or ear any Flelh, or Butte:
Thffe Rcmrciies are clfcdual to a Wonder, and cure i:; a
Ibort Time.

Th? Kingdom of Tutijuin was anciently a PartofC/.-ij,
but has l)een for fix hundred Years governed by its (m:i
Kings. The firft that afi'umed the I'ltle of King wns .i
Rob.vr, ssht/e Name \v.is D:n, svho heading a grtjc
Number ot Malerortents, gained many bloody liattlesovrr
the Cbttifft, and f'ized the Province for Ins Kingdom, T!;e
People itid rot permit him to reign long in Peace; 1'.'
rifing agamft him, llcw hiin ; though he li tt two .Sons, y i
they rcigncil but a few Years fuctefTively, and died without
IfTue. TIk- K'rigd(,m after tlieir Death wa; niiglita'y ' ••
l!r.tct«i ssith Civil Wars, till the Ciinn: Ixing called ;:i to
aint the weaker Party, brought things to a -Settleni r.t,
and a Mandarin, (dtlic bamiTy ot Le.'qudl, was ailvan..:.!
to tile Throne.

He Ix-in;; a valia,-it and prudent Prince, rcftorcd IVare
and Order ro the Kingdom ; and after he was cllablilhe.',
built an admirable Palace of Marbl" ot I'.ivers Colours .md
very large ; he /tti one Daughter to fucceed hiin, an 1 Ihe,
to I'reiirf- herfelf, manicd a poweitul Mandarin, ot ih:

1 loiilc ol Jitiii : but the

Dein;

'I'

J. and Ham l>v' h.i

riL'i..-o-

» Ct

Ik^ok I

iK.llimponU.!Mtij,i,f„.
' ami Ciidotmcttlir (;/.,»;,.
" l^yallthc MaruWo;
•I'l.-mfn f(.r .ight U,,j.,, „
>tthriyccolaT,ml,,:„:
•I''- NolMlity. and ,h K.,,.
Akc the Rem-, 1 lut to 1 .n,.
!'"g to thar Merit, or ihc

^t;iytbtl,rnu V-ih,t.s,ut.n

r Town^ yivrn thtni U- ih'.

I "1 .igiKiai Br,in'!iu.-, ttitil

^""''•; •I'r thrir K-rn-,ition

ti> iiirtriia thrnitdvo^ i„ tin!

.il.np, ami arrive ,if th^'Djj.

lean time thnr N.micsVcii,j-

iiv lot iiiwii the ( Jatf of the

at all the J'ccple may know

k ot the Nol)ility.

iUidy B()ok< Init little, ht;-

ig into the Virtues of K.jot,

y ikni to every Dillcmper.

ting ot the I'liDf, ami its l)i.

^llll•of theriyhtHaiuithi7

l.imgv and by that of th.;

: Stdinach ami KiJney,; by

they jiKlgr of the Con

y that (if t'lc Arm of th,-

y the Pitlle of the Tnn-

icy K'^"'" •■"• mofl ex^juifif

I'hoy carefully rmmt hr,w

I'rr<:>n KmH intheSjMt-cd

to fh(i;- fcveral I\illcs th.-y

Ik)i!y IV partir\ilarly dillfm-

'er, or l.iiP[',s or whrthc; i:

lufe. I'luy nriieral/y g.yc

3f;tS with a llttir ('iiiig-r

I>yl' nteiy, ami lor theCuiv

(if Crabs in Dylliucrics an;l

rriM in Brandy.

comes to them from Clin^

•meily a^jainft the HuJ -aJi

ingrr for theGripiiigot th-

vlf Tea which colours th'

th roknirs it red is little .u-

lons which proceed from l;aJ

: a Coujitcr-poilbn m;x\l

they dip a Cloth, xid r.Ji

cy Ixjil a little Ciinger, ar 1

rat the Uitient in aCloi:!

BIockI- letting, and m the

fomciimes prii king every

i;ivea \Vhiril!k;-aSi]ii.!',

ic Venom i? gone out ol thu

take care that it duis Pi/

certainly follows. It thj

ftilential Blooi!, they bui;i

nt permitting the Patient M

eat any Flelh, or Butte;

a Wonder, and cure i:; a

anciently a Part of C/.'fj,

I'c.irs governed hy its nw:i

the I'ltle of Kinf; was .i

r, who luadiiig a grcac

many lilooily Battles over

ice tor Ins Kingdom. The

reign long in IVace ; b'.it

oiiyh he 1( ft two .Sons, yi

cefTivrly, and tlied without

r l)>jth wa-. might jy c.-

: (Inn I- 1: Uing called ::i lo

thini^s tn a .Settlennnt,

Lt Ldijudl, was .advan*.:.!

nt I'nnce, rtftorcd IVa e
;1 aft( r lie was elhblillie.!,
hi- (;f I'.ivers Colour^, and
to fucrecd hill), an I (he,
wriliil Miiulafin, <>{ iIil-

.[(,

i;id llaiii l-v

y l):i

ri!.\...ui :

Chap. II. of the fcveral Countries of the INDIES. Sir

,,klliou» Subieft,. rhe a.,«V, again i.VmS the Govern- neral. w!,., i, .Ijowej to rcnil lii, Deputy, come in their

n„„t,aml hel.l .t twenty Years. 1 hey la Governors over a,.*Je \U\nx. ta kili the King', ilW. .sT ,"fS

every Province, and aid heavy Tribute, upon the People. Mandanns who me Governor, of Province,rjuftic ind

lo that Ixing weary ot . he OpprefTjon. they joined onder a ..uiit.ry Dduer,, do the Clmns on tl e Trft 1 ay"f the

vjiant CaDtain ot the 1 loufe of l^t. am v;innii,(h, ,1 .i.<. N-.r aii .i y.r . .• ., .7. ' . r*l. "' '"°

valiant Captain ot the 1 loufe of I^e, ami vaiiquilheU the
Lhinef( in three Battle,, feateti him on the riitone, ami in
hii Kimily the(»overnment continued .jliovc eighty Years,
the lilt of thi. Race having ^wm an AllVoiit to a jjreat
l,oid of the lloiilc of Man-, which h.i(| tornuily enjoyeil
the Sceptir, he biin<» aliilled hy a (',reat Niiinher ol Male-
(onttnts, liiU{;Iit to nj'am the Kingilom, and in one lilooily
Battle iK'caiiie Mailer of it.
But he enjoyeil it not aUjVC two Years, Iteing ilepcjful

^e.ir. All i|),it tldire to lie the King, arc obliged to put
on violet Robe,, Iviih thcnileivcs and their Servant,, and
II they be»? any I'avour, «nill carry a Prcfent. On the
lirit Day ol every luw Year the King diftributes feveral
l.argclleH ami Gilu to his Courtiers, and the Cluldren of
lucli a, have done him any important Services, which arc
I ants ol CJoKI worth fix hundred L.ivrcs each, and Bars of
Si ver, which are worth forty-fix Livrcs each : He allii
rclealcsall Pnlomr,, Uitlt Criminals and Debtors, provided

ffhf*ii* I'rww.m .1.. ■«..• .1-1'.^..^ I\..^^l. ... 1 .1 vk I * .

,..■',. I , ,,- , , ; ,.' I,. .',".-». ■-"»".» «M .Hiwnwi, initnvriminais anil Uet)tors, iirovided

by one ot the 1-amily of r;/«. who r. luting to alc.iul the their Crinui do not delervc Death, and the Debts do not
Throne, rellored it to tiie lamily of /..v, yet relervinR to exceed two llaiv of Silver.

hmileif and I'amily the whole C ommaml oi the Army, and Phe three lall Days of the Year the four Mandarins
l)dlM.lal of all the Revenues ol the Si.ite, and all publuk who aic .iir chief Counlellors of the State, take Oaths ol'
Allans i ft) that tk- King, whom they .all Hom, has the all the Lord, and OHiccr, of the Court, and their Wives
Name. 1 itle, ami .St.ite •, but the l,em lal, whom they call to k faahlul to ilu King, ami dilcover any 'Preafun auainll
««;/./, ha, the Power. 1 he King hears Caufes almoll his Pcrlim and Government, and the Governors of Cities
,viry Day, but iiiakes no pubhck Ivlnit, which is of any and Countries, do the lame to the Lords, Gentlemen. Citi
1 llect, till It IS ligncd by the Ciou.t : I le lives Hint up m /ens, and Inhabitants of their [urifdidHons, and every oiv

1. IS Palace, and (tits not out but upon certain Days-, he •' — ''' " ■ '.■..,.. . '

l.us j^emr.iliy two thdiifiml Sol.liers for his Guild, and
ka-ps loiiuimii's twenty thoufand <iuaricred upon his Fron-
tiers, elpeciaily towaiils Ci,(hin China, and with them filty
I'Jephants Uiion the Rivei.s alio ol the Kingdom, where
a;,y L.iicmy can eni'an^!,er him •, he kcps iilli dly one hundred
yeat tjallies, witn a vail Company ot Imall tialliots.

I he ildell Si.ns here do not always fucciid their
lathers in the 1 lirone, but by the Inllucnce of the Chiia
and Coun; llois, la. Creatures, he is obliged to name which
la his .Sons lie will have to reign after him, if he ha.s many.

. , -..V. --v., one

that dilcveis any I'nalon, never fails of a Reward, accord-
ing to his C^iahty ; and mean People are gratilied with a
Rewaiil ol iilty Panes of Gold, ami live hundred Bars of
Silver, wlmh amounts to ,r,^,ooo Livrcs i but they etleein
Nobility above Money. I'liey have a Muller of the Youth
cviiy Yeai, and all ilich as are found not to be of the
Nt)bility, or not to have learnt a Trade, arc immedi-
ate Iv enrolled lur the King's vService, to be of his Guards,
or defend his I'luntiers. Sonic will endeavour to get oft"
by Money \ but if they are ilifcovered, both Officers and
.Soldiers .lie punilhed without Mercy v for they hang a little

»" "" •'""" '■' " — •" •-■&•■ - > " "^ "■*' iimuy, niii:. .in- |iuMiiiu'u wuiiout ivictcy V lot tttcy liang a iittlc

and him tli' y pKjiuilc to ella!>lilh, lliutting up all the rell Bell aUuit their Necks, and fetter their Arms, and fend

111 t!:e l'al.ue, a, in a I'rilon, and not lulHring them to them to the (iencral, who prclently orders their Heads to

iiv:ildle with Aliairs of State •, yet tour times a Year they be llricken oil". «)r upon Interccnion of Friends, they are to

aie allowed to go out under .m Oliicer appointed by the be hanged, Ivnaui'e ihey are very avcrfe to Bloodlhed, and

C'iw.i, ami have Leave to (lay out fix Days, On the lirll believe the Death moll honourable that is free from it.

thi y are to vilit the Temples and Prielh, and give them When the King goe, at any time out of his Palace to take

large A In. s, the next two Days they hunt, and the three ins Pltallire, he is I'eated upon a moft magnificent Pallan-

Lilt lilll. miiii. canii'tl liv <<ii.lir Mfn u>lrn Im ;» r...,» U.. .11 .1

lall filli.

The Kingdom of TunqutH i, diviiled into eight large Pro-
vincei, tvery one of which has its (iovcrnor and Magi-
llr.ites i but there lies an Appeal from their Sentence to the
King, Ills thirty-tw\) CounLllors, and one hundred Allill-
arts. Their Nobility attain that Deforce by Merit only.

quin, canied by eight Men, where he is km by all the
People, the I .ords and OiHcers of the Court attending on
I out, il he giKs no faither than the City -, but if he goes in
tlk- Country, he tides on an Elephant, and the Lords attend
lii.u on Uorlebaik, When the CJueen-Mothcr, or his

lis. i iiLii i-.uiMiin ail ui.li i^i.f^n.1. uy iwiiu uiuy, lull Wile (.^oesabro.id, they are likewife carried upon a dole

a. by their Valour in the War?, and Leatnir.g ; and .is Pallamjuin, with l^-itiee Windows, that they may fee, and
laie latter go tliiout;l» a long Courfe ot Studies, and tlrict nut be ken, and the Maids of 1 lonour follow it on Foot.
■viniiii.iiicins.asislictorcOicwn.fothe ti,:ineraicinltiiiaL'J Phe Mandarins, ,md great Princes, folemnizc their

Bicih days every Year with great Fearting, Paftimes, Co-
medies, and I'ire-works, and at the lame time give large
Alms, elpeciaily to poor Widows and Prilbners. When
the King vtie>, ami leaves feveral Sons, he is fet up whom
tlie King has apiHiinted his Succeflbr -, and on the third Day
111 his Deceale tke (.eneial, with all the military Manda-
iiw..^., 11,..^ gu uii iii.v.ii.1 uns, Lonls I'f the Council, and Governors of Provinces,
ten cannot be brought to iep.iir to tlir I'linu's A[)artment, where they prcfent him

• ■' * ' '■- ■■•" ■ ' ' with a Vi:>iiy 1 libit, and mounting him on an Elephant,

l)riii[5 him into one of the gie.it Courts of the Palace, which
is covereil with C loth ol Ciold and Silver as a Tent, and
phice him upon .1 magnitkent T'hrone, where being leated,
all the M.iiidarins piolliate theml'elves to him upon the
Faith wall then Heads downward-, in which l?ofture.

tl „ ....-„ ^ - - ,

l'.xamiiiations,asis!ictore(hcwn,fothe toMiieraieinlhiiUeJ
in warlike F'.xcrcilcs lietimes, viz. to handle their Swords,
;.i aiia *\iili dicir Bows, to lire a Mulket, to ride the great
ilurl.-, to lli(xjt running, to manage rheir Z.igays, whiih
.at- long Stav.s cheeked with Iron like a llalf-pike, and
n.ake all loits ot artuicial Fire- works, which they ulc
a^aiiill I'.I. pliaiUs m War ; for iliuugh I'ome Elephants niay
ir taught not to regard them, th(..igli tliey go oil' under
ilitir Noles or B.llies, yet one in ten cannot be brought to
Il i lo lliat unlets tiu ir liovernors take great Care, inllead ol
iiiiinmg upon (he Lnemy, they will tutn upon their l-Vieiuh,
Mt\ put a wiiole Army into a diluial Contiilion, ii not dt-
Itiuy u, as tli'.y ilid Juroigzdi's at the Siege of D.

t'.iiiuii tl

iman.
The Kii.i;>lom of iuitquin paid a 'JVihute to the
\iar 1107, when iUvIarlan invaiied tlwi

I uiuniy,.md ill- n they cu:u:luded a Peace, on condition that having l.iiii luiiie time, .... , ... ^

ih.y llioiild tend eviiy Year an FnibaHiidor to Pequin to togdhvi, \s„!i ilu'ir .\rms and Eyes lifted uptowardsHea
■ ' 1 1— ''"pdor of Chuiit. They oblerve a" ^' ■" •*>'•»■ i'i»->-"' '•» '"• ' "

■ini|', Juilice, and regulating AlVaii

; tliiy are very exact in nunilliin

elcijie, but luch as have killed on

liii I liiniage to the liiiptior of Chiiui. They oblerve an v
iN.i.t DrJrr III ad:ni;iiltcini|', Juilice, and regulating AlVairs
.lil over the Ki;i[;ilom ; tliiy are very ex.ict in punilliiiig

.Murder, and noia can ek.ij.., _ -

t;.at has iV) Relations to revenge his Death ; tor the King can
lurdin no Man lor this Ciiiiic, and all the Favour he can
ih.w, il to leave him to the Kindred of the Slain.

I'hry take great Care tor the publick Good, to repair
liiidgis and llij.diway.s and tVviy Quarter of a Ix-ague
iIkk- Is Watri aiul hue provided lor thole Travellers who
nu) waiu tlum. 1 hougli i'. .: King lus not much Power
in his Ki.igdom, yt t lie i.s hii^hly honoured by his Subjeils,
and kcc|)s' a viry IpleiKlkl C;urt the lirtt and fifteenth

having l.iiii luiiie time, they rife, and clofing their Hands
s..!i llu'ir .\rms and Eyes lifted up tow
n, they I'weai to be faithful to him till Death.

Day of tviiy Month : Ail the Alaiuhuiii-s, except the Ge-

iS e .M 11 .

The new King, to leiiuitc this Loyalty, orders four
Panes ot liold, and fix Baisof Silver, to be given to every
one 1 but lo the Conll.ible, or General, he gives two Panes
ol (iokl, and loity Bats ol Silver •, and to the Prcrulentof
the Council h.ill ,is many ; Afier tliefe Prefents arc given,
leveral Piece . ot Aiiilhiy are liied about the Palace, with
tome Vollies of fmall Shot, by the Soldiers then in Anns,
which are _^u,ooo Horle and F\)ot, the King fet upon a
magnificent Pallaiuiuin, carried by eight military Manda-
lins, an.l eight of the Coum il, the Contlable and chief of
the Council riding belore upon very line Horfes, is carried
to the .Apartments ot the dece.iled King, w hen the Lords are
leiiitd, the PiinceHes, Ladies of the Court, and chief
Kj L "Wive*

\ SI

Vit

■ '.I

:ti|r I

niiBiiiiii.

Mi \''

'■'t( ,

i i ^

^'fifi ■♦'■

K; . -••Si r« f '■•i:

I ,

MiniUrin'" rcpnir to Courr. to trilify tl,«ir Sotti.w f
•Ircciftil Kinni and J«n lUys -iJur all the |',„,,|,. "*"'
lijwnl to Irr ihr Hotly In? m Statr. till u U rm n^" '

Witci of thf M.ifu'jf.iK, fomc to kifi thf Kinp'i HimI,
an<t coni;r»tiilatc liim iipm ht^ Ai!*'»iurmrnt to the Ihnmf i
*htch»!onc, tin- 1 onlsi.tcrn t(i .xnMv IVaI> ;.r'-; iredfor
thcru MtfT thr Maimi-r ot rhc Counny. i.i>li's I'lv-lli, and
r>()(j», arc in tnuft !• llrrm with thcni \ tnA thr Hini's Ncfti,
whiih pvM thfir Meat .i TalK- ol ulinoH all lormil Spin,
li their iluef Smicc. The IXlival i« roiulixlcil *ith Co-
ineJiM, anil Kire wcrk^, winch l.iH all Nipht,

l"hc luxt Pay thi' ?i\o.'0 SoWifts are ilnwn up in thr
IielJ, anil thr Kinc jpjTanng mi hu War llei'lunt, tn the
niulll of hu Tri)<n«, i.ikcs an Oath ol huieiity of all the
Officers ami tlini bellows his (nth uiKin tliem, viz. tn
tviry Colonel t^^o I'anes (A ( ioki, anJ fi>rty H.un of Silver -,
to every Captain half as innch, ami to every Soli'irr a
Montii's I'ay. vkhiih bting nccifril. tlie whole Army tlif-
charge three Vollin, ami thru they retreat to their M\its,
wheie they have a Krall |reiurr>l. as the Kinj; lu'- «ll>>, m
a *ooi!f n I'alac e creitnl for the lame i'lirjole i ami lo f hey
fi'end the Night m Frallinj^ Dannnc, and lettinp olf
Hrr-works, Thu Ceremony I'cinp emlnl, fhry (if on
lire the Palace .iiul Hiu«, ami the Kinp retiirninR to hn
r.ilacf, Ivrtowj hi> I ikraliiy oiuiu- Comnltans anil l>an-
ters •, then h* givcn Accel), to all hi> I'eople by th ir Com-
milTioner', viz. to the Merchant- ami IriHcr', People o|
Cbece, «ho aiTure iv.m that their City \cknowleil(jc hiin (or
their Kinp, and w;!l It (aithliil to him urt.i IVarli ; and
he Rives fifty Panev of (iokl, aiul three hunilnd Bars of
Silver, to the Traltlnicn, ani! then to the Coinmn-alty of
the wh'!e Kirgiloin. s*hom lie diliharprj ln>ni 'I axes a
whole Year, if tlu v have never taken up Arnl^ agaifft their
K:nc, ard but l.x Months, if they have i all Prilonen
for IVht, alter they have coir|xiim,!cd with the Credi tori
(or half, he freely jMvirg the rill.

' Tis faid, that t'.i Kmp upon this Ocrafion frnd^ above
icc,oco Hearts to thr Tenirlej of t'ic faH'e Go<ls to K- facn-
fired for him, bcfuics the V alue ol one Million of Panes of
Gold in TifTues and S;iks to adorn the Idols orangc-
roloureil Calicuts (or the Bonze<, and blue Calicuts for the
Poor tliat arc kept in the Pagotis, as Hoipitals. Sometimes
itier the Ceremony is over, the King, at the New of the
Mocn, goes to give h.s l>:itics J haiiks lor his coming to
the Crown, and remains for a NVeek with the Bonn-',
l.ving m lummon with them, vifitmg the liolpitals, tolce
hgw the Pwr, and clpeciaJly the Antirnt, are ulird; and to
them he gives new Almi, and ordeis the bsiilding of a new
Pjgod in (ome fair Sitiution, which he dedicates to ibmc
Idol. The fecomi Part of the Mi«)n is fj)ent in feeing the
Cialhes row one agair.ll anothi r, the King and Court having
lloules built Ofi the Plains by the River for that Purpolci
whii.h Drverfions King over, the Captain* tome afhure to
kifj tJie King'j Hand, and they that have l)ehaved mol\
l^iAiily ini\ nimbly, receive the Marks ot his Bounty, and
hcgivisatl the Soldiers t\vo Month'. Pay extraordinary. I>u-
ring leven l^ays, there are fuch val\ Numbers ot lire
w irks thrown abos:', that you would think the Air and
Watir all on I'ire. Thin the K;ri; returns to hit Palace,
and f;<nJ'i the other half ')f the Month with liis pIinrc(^e^,
tiivetting liinifdfand his Ijdi'i with rirc-wurk', Come-
clirs ai.d Mummeries.

Wh-r. the King ot Tidijuih dir, he is onfenrly rtn
baltne.i, and laid in State lixtytive Diy*--, all which riiiic
hi« Table is fervid is i! he wtre alive, and when ilit- Meat
is taken from Ixrfure the Boi'y, halt is tven to the Borzes,
and thi othtr hall jjivm to the Po< r. So fcvm .r the K;rg
ha' breathed (xit h:« laft difp, the t t.nftable ^ives Nfrtuc
to tlie Liovcrnors o! l'r(,\:Mir«, an-! urdris them liow lone,
t'lry fhall mourn. '1 h- imI;; ^rv Mandani", .nourn '.'/•n..
ra!!y ihrec Years ; i!.;- Kng'-. 1 loulhi.li! r,:ne M.^i.thv', the
N'.bility fix ; and inranT fi:- it,r;T ', a, id all the tlirer
Yi-ars there is aCciration Ironi I ).vrir:fe()><nts except rholi-
tJut are vifcd at t]\c King' Hi- v. :ioii to the Ihion'*. All
fl r M'ats that are 1- rve-.l up to t!.<- r.cw Km^, ire varniHrd
ssitii t!.4tk, aiid hi> Train is cut o!f, aul hi-. 1 fr.ul lovcied
with a .*^tra\v Bonnet, .i? an- all> il.r I Ir.nl>. i,t al! hi,
Prirte- ar;.l Coonfrllnf* of Srar- , nor do ihry 1 -avr ihii
Ha''it tilt fh.- deceal d Kii;o*., B , :y is put in'o'tlr (jalley
fo bv- larrted to the li.ttnii'i.r, and liie three B !!., whi. h
lung i;i rrr of tlie I owirs oi tlie I'alate, never real.- tn!li,!f>

t;^ 1.

Th- thr ! l\y Jrr his ih'eMr. al| r','

fwels-e V.h
four fiK-a
the Ki' ', • .iV on v\ hit Wars

(iailey. During the liKty-hve I>ayi vv|,,< h rhrKmi.Mt /
Ik-s in Stat'-, the (inifable pr<parr^ tor tl^e J imei/j' ^i'"
i( thi« p«-rtormn| : 1 1„- King ami all th, ( ouu n,',„| "'
Foot to the (i.dhrs wlmh fhty nu:.e l( vithth n'''"
Marih, thou'-h it ii not ita'ly »\H>\r two |)i-, i '''
and all tlv Way ts Ipr.-ad with V ,I.t^ol.airnl[lJ"7"
which is th - Km h\ Col. ur. 'I he Order oi tlnir M^rch
thus : I ii(t fo th< two IKItrrs ol the King's Bnl ifiafnu). '
With M.i.^s'.l Atnn, tl..- Il-adiol fhim being (,il|,,| j.- ''
works; thrfr ]ficlaiin the Name o( the di-cealid Kir?"
i>ext p;o t.vrlve Oldiers ol the (lallies drawinn aToi'''
wlitfeoo th.- King's Name it writttn-, then prorei")!^!

h 'so(whiihl'mrcariy(heKing'i.St.n;lar,i,.

n •'. Men api.-re w Turrets, nml lour of thoij

After thefe ride-, rhe Mailer
of the Hmfr, wiih iw«> Page* after him on Horlibark
then are led rwelvr 1 Inrl'es nihly hariieirei!, withB;i« Br
dies .sml Saddles j after hilkiwsthe Mixifoleimi, or ll'ia,|
drawn by eight Stij-.s, tramcMl up (or th.ir S<-ivice, evrrJ
one of them Ni- [', led by a Caotnin of the (iiunl ; thrn
goes the new Kinj; with Ins Brother':, if he have iiny, ant
the Pnnces o( thr Blood, all dad in ulme Saftm, w'licf, j.,
thf-ir Mosiminq ColiHir i they are attended by Mtiliti,„n
who play tipon H.uitlKiy-, and othir fnllrunirrm: ;\)t,,'
rhein t»o fix PrincelTes in wlare Satien, larryinj', Meat tv.i
Drink lor the drceafrd Kiiif, i thel- .ire attended hy j.
many I-uliesof Honour in purplrCJarinent! j then corn- •
Prmcej of the Royal BlofKl in pi.rjile fiarnnnts, with S;mw
Hats i next pmceeslfd four (iovernors rl the chit Pro
vinces of the Kingdom, carrying on thin Sh^vi'.VrMertaT
Bags full of (iold, and Pcrturnes hung en S'.-i-ks w!,: n
are Prefcnts made by their Provtncis to l>e burieil wul, t;.(..
King's Bo<ly, for his Vk ir»the otlier World ; th;n lijllinv
tsvo Chariots drawn by eight Horfr^ apii-ce, led by a (inioin
each, m which are two Ccflers full ol Panrj ot <i<.kl,Bar
of Silver, rich TilTues, and other Riches, to be Inirinl widi
the King's Bosly, for his I'fe in tlie other I ale : lalHy,
come a great Croud ot the King's Officer s and other Nn-
bility, (ome on Foot, others on Horfebatk, accorihrg to
their Oflkcj ami (Qualities. When the deceafcil Kinj';
Body is put into the CJalk-y, the new King and tbi Com
pany return home, and the Calicut being taken up, is giv;n
to the Bonr.es.

The (lallry, wherein is the K'mg's Body, is eomniittt-.l
to fix of the chief Fumichs, who arc fworn never to r< veal
the Place where the King is buried. It is attended l.y
thrre other dallies; one carries the I /irds, and another tin-
I.adies, who are to be burial alive with the King toaitcml
him into the other World ; and the thini carries the'lrri-
furc that is fo l>e buried with the King, for his I'fc. llif
King is buried in inaccrlTible Mountains and Di lans, .'\-;
for the onlinary F'lmerals of the Tunquinfff, they are mon-
or lels pompous, atcording to the Qiiality ot the Prrlivi
deceafed. At their IntertTH-nts th?-y ulr great Store of nrf
ficial l-"irc- works, which they ufc alli> in their I'lmesot j'v,
as well xs (irief. They alfo let ujumi the '[Dmb gf<xl St-ire
of V'iftualj, and Swert-mraf<, brheving thar thr I>i,l .ire
better for them ; and the Prieffs, who train them ly :n
the F,rrf>r, diljwfe of them before the next Mo'n;n^ T:.-
Dvlfh Soldiers at Batavta robbed the Priclh o( thale Pj-.r.-
ties frveral times, but at length paid dear for thnr l.iqu'.
ricenefs ; lor the Pric(fi findin,.; no Keilrefs by compluii ing
to the Ciovrmor. {xiifonid the Meat ami Drink, vd '"J
dflhnyed many <d them.

The Rehgion of the Tunjuinf/f is diviriid ir^to three
S'-its , the hrif is derivetl from m\ ancier.t l'h;ltio|;!irr,
called Crnfur:u<, whofe MerT.ory i'. famous over all f.i/i*
and the neighlxiuring Countries. Their l)in.'}r:re i', that
Men are coin|V)(id oi two Part^, one line am! t'.ihtle, and
th'- othiT tnat'-ral and gio(«, When a Man dies the tub-
tie Par: vanithcth into thr A^, an ! the j-r. f^ retuns tf^
f-inh Thev ule .S.icnliies a-ii! worlhip the ttvcu I'la-
t-.ctv rh'-ir'thi>-f Mohate A'ottwi;, liclclo, /fwWffMK, am
Hi.fiiJ. I'iic Wom.n chiefly worlhip tli!.- Orjdilels Sitif-
hi.i . and the Kin(',, Manl.uiris and li-ainai Men, j'lorc
!'"• 1 1-jven:. I'he (ccond Si-rt w^^. toundnl by ore ihr-

eulmt,

^ ' • K(X)k t.

fl<i^ytl..lrS«urc,wfor,),
^"failthclV,.,,|,.,,p,
»<-. «ill ir u- piu ,„,„ ,;,

in'\ lor It^r Jiir,H4l, »(", ,

ty nul.r I. v,T,r.Tn [)j.
•iH.vr two I),;, i,„„„,;,

I'f Order oi llkir Mjrcl, ■^

itlheKingMJrdthambrr
(.« thiinl>(iny;f,i||,,|{.',f,

ir^ot the ilcccilcl Kiri- ;

lullirs drawing i Toti,[,'

writtrn 1 thrn prorw.k,!
rafiyilicKinj;'jStn-lar,!,.
iirrrts \ ntvl »«iur ol thoib
^ttrr tSf fc ruif '. rhf MaUcr

alter him on Horlibark ,
y hjnirirn!, with Rif, Br .'
the MiAifolnim, or Hiiri

ii|i lor that StTVicr, rvrty
it>iain ol thf (iiunl 1 t'ltn
)th<'r';, if hf have uny, jn)
il la \khi!c S,irtrn, wlixh i,
irf Jitfiuira hy MiilnMrv,

othtr Inllfunirnts: Ahi'
S.ittcp, arryiiij', Mfa-. ai 1
I thrl- ,irc attrncifi! |.y j
l"(urmfnt!i then go fi", •
i.rpic Ci.trnHnts, with Siuw
ovetnors d thr ch'tt Pm
P on ihiii Sh'^iil.'rr^ mtar
I Its hun^', CM S'n-k<, w!,: :,
incts tol>cliuncil witl, t!,(,;

o«l>f r Worlil ; iH;n toh'nw
wff^ aj>iiTC, Ifil hy adroom

fiill ot Faiirsctd-.kl.Bar
rr Richw, to be UiriMl wuli

in tlw othrr I .llr : 1 Jllly,
^'s Ollkcc, ami other Nn-
>n Horl'ebatk, acrorthrg to
When the ilrceafevi King';
fK%' King and thi Com
t being titcn uj', isgivjn

.hirN Body, is romniittrl

•ft fworn never to n veal

tried . It ii attemioJ I7

:he' I xmh, and another thi-

Ivc with the Kini; toaitcml

the thini rarifs the Tre.!-

King, lor hi^ I'fe. Thf

luntains and Di Ian*. A-;

I Tkitquintff, diey are more-

ihe CJiality ot the Prrlivi

Ihry iil'f ^reat Storcof ;irf

lahii in their Tirresot ]r\,

Uxw the 'I'oni!) pfioil '^i')""

Hieriiig that thr I>i.! are

|h, who train them \iv :n

the next M(>'n;fi't; T!:-

fhf Piidhot thulelV.n-

-■aid dear I'm their \M]\i".

[o Kec'refs I7 compluii ing

iMeat ami Drink, vd 1*^

[fff is divitiid i-tf) three

.'a;i ancient I'hJi/opiier,

• i'. famous over all '•^""»

Thrir l\>f\r:rt r, that

one line an-.! fliHtlr, and

then a Man rtir, tf'.f 'ub-

aiv! the ''rr.'fs rctwns t"

[1 worlhip the 1' vcii I'la-

><;, licldo, K^tnem, iU\

Drlhip ih',- (ifK^dcli. >•;/<;•

indl.-Ji.'udMcii, a!me

|vd-. foundid I'v ope ti.f-

I J HI I,

Chap. H. 0/ thi feveral Countries of tk I N D I E S.

8ts

m/m/, an Merniit, and tite molt of the common People
arc o( this St Ct. I le tau(<ht his Koliowir* the Iranlini-
jrraiion ol Souls, and enjoined thtlf ten Cmnmands,
'jiz. I. I'hat they Humid rot kill. a. I iut they Ihould
not Itcal. J. That they flioiihl not d«Hlf their BoJwi.
4. That tlu y ihould not lye. /;. That they niould not be
ui.laithful to till ir Word".. (>. I'hat tluy (hould rcflrain
thrir inordinalo IXfirc*. 7. That chcy Ihould do no In-
jiii-y to any M.iii. 3. I'hat they Ihould not be great Talk-
t,i, f). •I'-'t •'•'■y 'l«»'l'l not H've Wuy to their Anger.
10. 1 hat thty ihould l.tbogr to their ntmoft to acquirc
knowledge.

As for I'uch as dcfiqn to lead a religious Life, they
inull unouni-i: the Delights of this Life, be charitable to
the IVior, overcome their P.ilTions, and give themfelvcs
lip to Metlitation. Me taught alio, that, after this Lifo,
there were ten dillindl Places of Joy and Torment, and
that thf Contcmncri of his I jw Ihould tVel Torments pro-
j-oitionable to their OlVences, without any End. That if
they endeavoured totnltil his I^w, .md faileil in any Point,
they Ihould wander in divers Boilifs for 300:1 Years, be-
fore they cnicrrtl into Hapiiinel"» •, Init liich as had per-
\ti\\^ fuHilled his Ijw, Ihould l>e rt-w.irded without fuf-
fering any Ch.ingc ol Body, i le fays of himfclf, that he
was bom ten 'F'lmei before he came to Blifs, l)ecaufe, in
his Youth, he, for want of Knowledge, had finned. This
Imixjftor's Ojiinionii are I'prcad all over the Kingdom of
Siam, I'cvcral l'ro\ inces of 'J(il>an, and all Tuxjitin, where
be died. The third Seft is that of l.anlbu, a preat Ma-
gician : He gave out, that his Mother carried him in her
Womb leventy Years without loling her Virginity. That
by this Miracle, he might pain Credit to his Impoftures,
he taught moft of Cbaiahut\ Pocbine •, and, to gain the
T'eoj)les Hearts, enjoinevl the (Jrandces to build Hofpitals
in all Cities where there were none before to look after
the Sick ill them. The TNmiti:»fft adore three Things in
their Houfes, viz. the Heartii of their Chimneys, made
of three Stones. 1. The Idol Tica/ti, sirho is the Pat ro-
nefs of all Handicrafts-Men j and to her they facrificc
when they put a Child to any I'rade, that (he may infufc
an Aptnel's to leatn it, 3. The Idol Buabin, to which
they pray, and lacrifice when they build an Houfe, that
he may not I'uffer any Misfortune to l)efal the Houfe they
are going to builil \ but they fend for the Bon7es, and they
Hay to offer it, for whom they make great Prcp;irations.

There are fome among them that adore the Heavens,
others the Moon, and others the Stars. Some adore the
Earth in live Parts, and that in five fes'cral Colours, vir.
the Northern in black, the Southern in red, the l-'artern in
green, th« Well in white, and Middle in yellow ; and
others racriiicc to' Trees, Flejihants, Horfes, Cows, and
almoft all otlier forts of Animals. Tlity that ftudy the
Cbintfe Chancers lacrifice every tiveMonths to the Souls
of the Dead thit wi-rc never hiiried, believing that their
Underftanding (hill K' more erlightned to apprehend
Things. At thf Mei^mnin"', ol ( very Year they have a
great Solemnity in I luiiour ol flie Dead, who were in
their Lives renowned for iheir ;'.o'>l- Actions and Valour,
reckoning Rtbch among thonv Th'-y fet up feveral AI-
urs, fome for Sacrilicci", others t'>r the Names of the Per-
fons they derif.n to honoiir; and the King. Princes, and
Mmdarins, are prcfcnt :•' them, and make three profound
Reveretires to the Altar; when the Sacrifices are finifhed \
but the King flioots five linici i^ainft the Altars where
the Rebels Names are -, then the great Inins are let off,
and the Soldiers !;^ive \n\\w% ot iii-.i ' Shot, to put the
Sniils to Flight. '\'\:'- Akars and PajKis made uti' of at
tin- S.icriticcs are burnt, and, t!ie ]iw!xi .md Sages go to eat
the Meat muvle ul'e ot at the S.uritice.

The tirll and titticnili Pays of every Month, .nrc more
elix-iially Holy-days for the Worlhipof tlitir Cioils, and
the Bon/es and Sages redouble their Prayi-rs, and repeat a
kind of Charm fix Tiir.cs. The People on th(_fc Days
bring Meat and DiiiiU tu the Sepulrhrii of their Kindred,
tolicnlkc lor the dood ot th-.r Souls to eat. The Bon-
7fS when thry have paid tlv ;r Worllup, tall to, and what
they cannot eat ";ive the I'ofi \ for this Grcedincfs the
Kii'.g ami iVlandaruis make i''> Account of the Bon/es anil
'juge', though tluv kr-.d aultui; l,ivcs,and lb they arc in

'he common P.-ople, In Tu-inin t\\'.
I vensl Pa>v«l", and cviry Village am'
Fvery I'agod has, tit lealf, tw;

Credit only wiil<
preat Cities havi
Town almoft hav

Bonzes and twoS.iy, i htit fome'ih.nii'itainlorty Pago.ls, anvi
as many Say, or.Saiy^wholiv;- in ciiu'iionunder aSupaU
or, and keep to the Po(^lrine .liT'ei ihiit, and a (1 wt isthn
Idol which they adore. '|"h.-y wear atjour rhc;i N.'tl-.s .1
Necklace of an hunrlred great R.itiis miid. o! Wood .
They brp for tlieir laving with gr 'it Moik lly t.v\ I lumi
lily, taking no more than 11 needful •, and it tlicy liavv:
any thing to li'are, they give it to the poor Widows and
Orphans that cannot get their Living. Tiieir Ordei:*
permit them to marry, but then they muft leave their Mo-
nafttTy. They alhll at the Funerals of great Men, where
they make a kind of Oration, founding their Trumpets
and Cornets, while the Bells at their I'agods go at thi:
fame time. They have a great Venemtion for two Magi-
cians and one Witch.

The fiilt M.igician i-, called Tay-bo'x, who pretends to
know the Fvcnts of all Things to come \ fo that when any
is about to marry their Children, build an Houlir, buy
Ijnd, or undertake any Bilfinefs of Confequence, they
confiilt him, who, infperting his Book, makes them be-
lieve what he pkafes. The other is Thaj-Pcttrheuy, tn
whom they have Kecourlb in their Sicknefs : When he ia
confulted, alter feveral apilh T ricks which he afts before
the Pick Perlon, to anuife him, he fometimes affirms that
the Dillemper conv s from the Devil, and thrn he himfell"
and the Tick Pi.rli)n, and his Friends that brought him, do
Homace to the Devil ; but, if he does not recover, all
the Friends and Kindred of tlie fick Party, w'th as many
Soldiers rs they can get, furround the fick Perlbn's Houfe,
and (hoot oft' their Mulkets three Times todrive the D( vil
away. If the fick IVrliin be a Waterman, or other Per-
fon belonging to the Water, then he tells them it is t.'ie-
God of the Waters that is the Caufe of the Dillempvr,
and then he orders him to fpread Carpets, and furnifli
Tables in Huts, with all torts ot Meat, on t!ic Banks of the
next River, to invite him to his Habitation.

If thelc Things tail, he fends him to TbtyhoH, the chief
Magician, to enquire if the Souls of the Dead have ciuied
the Diftcmper, and if he nnfwers Yes, then the Magician
employs his Tricks to get thcmifchievous Soul into a Bot-
tle, where he keeps it till the Party is cured. The Ma-
gicianefs is called tiattti \ (he keeps a great Correfpondence
with the Devil, and, to oblige him, oilers her own Daugh-
ter, if fhc has one, as foon as (he is born. Mothers who
have loll their Children, and dtfire to know the Condi-
tion of the Soul, confult her, and thereupon fhe, by beat-
ing of a Drum, pretends to fummon tiie Soul Ixfore her,
and Aufes it to tell her thcCondition of It. She generally tells
them, that the Soul is happy, and bids them be of good
Cheer. They have innumerable Supcrftitions, but the
moft retnarkable are thelc : The more lludious People
forctel Things that are to come, by looking in 3 Mirrour.
Others fjirinKle the Allies of their dead Anccftors with
/Iqua yiu; and beg ot them Health, Honour, and
Riches. Oth'Ts, upon their New- Year's Day, make di-
vers Figures ujx)n their Steps and Threlholds of their
Doors to drive away evil Spirits. Others, in travelling, if
they fneaze 'init once will return back, and if they fnct/i
twice, purine their Journey without Fear of Din.;cr.
Some, if at going out of their Houfes they mc.^t a Wo-
man, retin: again for two or tliree Hj;.'!s -, but, it' .1
Man, it is a good Omen. The firtl Fruit which th.-y ga-
ther in the Beginning of the Year, is die Aragu.r, an i
they pcilfon one, and give it to aChii.i, l.^dicving, tii.it in
taking away the Child's Lite, they thai! thrive tj.'j bette.-
all the Year utter.

When the Mi<on is cclipfjd, they lay a ccrt.iin Drapj.T
endeavours to devour l;: r, and, duretbri', to afTilt the
Moon, and put the l'>ragon to l'li;.'ht, they diiliiarge tlifi;
Mulkets, ring tin ir Bel's, beat all th.eir Diuins, a;:d niikc
a prodigious N'oili- till tlie I'.i lipl.; Le over, and ;;ien they
think they h.ave reliued tiie Moon, ana rejoice a-, much as
if they had obtr.iru d a great \ ietory. They divijf' the na-
tural Day into twdve Hour', and [;ive rheni the Name of
tonic Bead, as a Tyger, Lion, Bear, Hoile, iyc. and (b the
Moi'.ths am! D.iys have ;!-, ir rir:: u':r N.i".i' >. When a

Child

I •;

I' I?

t I

i*A i ■ 1

•Utnrffr

8i4 j^l ^'ipp/cfucniiil .in^ufii of the Cot\\\wo(\\{\\:s^ gfr. Hook F.

(' *j

44 ^'='1

filler

thilJ i* hom, jwlrntly t'lc K*ihfr 4ml Klmlr^l go t<» Irv
Ihc N^me i.l lii- \Vi\\ l>y whiil> die Hour *.i^ »4ll«»l
when iIk- CluUl w4» lum. bcli<viii(', ilut Auiiiul will
prtivc t4ul to II. I ti> >iriUiU Kinu ul Initftut w*» Uim
in the Hour o» ih- J Imlr. ami he »»ukt iirvrr give Au
ilirnrc, nor Oir i>iit i.l tlir I louli-, lot tear lomc MiUIhcI
ftiouM IwIjI him «l liat Time Ami tin ume I'mwr hiv
ing a t hiM t!at ilial in the lifth Mmitli, wlu« h in lillnl
by the Name ot the I lork, woul.l not lullcr him ii> U-
ImricJ, hut CJuU>l him t'> k- luiriil, aiul UatUUvl his
Artie* in the Air.

Ihui lif mir Author, \*hi>lc roiiluiiunate Knowlalp
of the (.(Hintry, I'.ojlc, ami tominrne of the l»Ji(i,
eiul)iivl him t.» tnut more thorin:k;!ily into the Iv. l'oiiil\
than it \»*» in tl.c I'ljwcr ul any otlirr Wntci to iId llm
IfuvcU ihrouRh P<rji,u hn lrvrf.il Jouriin hy Laiul
ihmiiRh the bcrt I'art ot Juu "rr no lel-i rxicllnit m
thrmltlves luit are reltrval to fiiniiih anutha I'ait ol
thU Work.

Ikit there remain* however a Portion fit hi» l^abouii,
whic!»,iiiJilJHitjl'ly,ila':ii<i»ir Nut.a- In ti,,iulimiih 4k ihey
coiilJin whatever ii i.eiellary tnwauis umlcilUmling iIk
Oconomy "f ail the Njti.int that inhabit iHtiHy ili'ir
Maimer ol Livir^ amonj; then. .•ivc', ami, »Mth nlJKit
to others the Natun- of tluir Manitaituin, the Mithul
of the rarryi-.R on Jumcllirk Comment, am!, altivi ail,
tha: Relation whiih the 1 ra*'.e» cl /»./i.i have i.i e.uh
ctlicr \ thi- Koul* trom their (^icat tituN, the Natiiir i.t
ihfir Carriages am' Caravans, am], in a NVoril, the De-
tail of that InJuHiy, N»liKh, il I may Ix- allown! the Ix-
i)rririon, originally dtaiililhc.', ami lia< llill prcUivwl il»c
Trailf ot the Imiia. 1 k.-:ow the I'liral'c is hanl, but I know
too that It \\ nut in my I'uwrr t<» rxplain it Uiiir i lur it
IS not the- luiuial Wi ilili alone of tlirlc (.oonlrie* that have
fcnjcrcil them lair. u«, ihat hasx in all Agc« attioi-lcil the-
Traile of tlie wh. le Worl.l to them, and thrrrl'y nuilc-
the Lonimcrce ot tlic litdia the great Commerce of the
L'niverfc.

It i» not, I fay, the Wealth alone of thefc Countrirt,
but the imlulhy, the lalwur, and .XilJnli ot the Inlia
bitani*, by whiili s»e miift underllaml the native Inhabi-
tants, now colled Bunjam -, tor, as to the Turkt, and Tar-
/jr;, they have beta to tar from contributing tliercio, tlut.
in lad, they ferm to have matle it ilitir iJulinch to uji
jrelj and tram;) ihu Spirit, by tiitir tyroiinal (jovern-
fiient. But. It fcems, this Spirit of Indulfry has Ikcii too
hard, even tor ili-ir C tiKlty, and lliil I'ublilU to (mh a De-
gree, as to excite ilie Won.lcr ol the Left Jutlt5e«,as well as
to outdo t very thitig of the limic kind in other Taits ot the
World, C-iM only (XLCpted. Tiiu will nu.iilellly a['(.ear
from the fublequeiit Scition, Irom whirli sve may lulfki-
cntly gather, what a mighty I-'i^iure the i'<..ij« ii.ui^ i.avc
ma.fc in antient I uiks, before the I'tople were umlcr the
Oj.i>rrlTion of a foreign Yoke, fx-tore their Spinti were
Lri.ken by the J yrani.y il iJKir «.iucl NLiftr:-, and before
thnr NUnncrJ were lorrupted by liic Slavery under wliuh
tliiy gr jan at pttftnt.

it IS iiuin heme that we are able to ilillinguilli how
difTcrent a Figvire tir y mull husi' n<adL- in tlicjU- early
T'.nif*, when tlieir K'ligion was pure, when their (io-
s'crnment, the moH rx.u"t,ar.d \x\\ i.oritiivcd that ever was
clUtili'hnl in orw CiAjntiy, was in it» lull Nij^our •, when
thrir Laws lad t!iiirt-, and liic IVopie were
PM V happy, by a I'niftant CJtx.dirr.fc, to an cxiellcnt
Ci-'nllituiion t when evcy Moiunh lonfidrrtd himleli as

lite |<iili<r o« h.« Sobjras ami wjirn Stihir«, ij^y-j
l.liddirn, Irom a prilnl S, nfe of ihfir i.»i, i\J„ ,,
llowii.H liom this IHH-dimcr i whrn, ,„ (ho,t. (v.ry Vun
it^Mliiy was mi uh. r than one Lrnr Kamily will rciiul,,. '
and when cv.n the iinnuiea Mattirs l.|| ,,,„l,r ,(,, v''
me of the Lawi, and umlcr th: tare uf the Mj'"^

lor, if even now, when all thefr Advantaj r* ircl, (f
the Imhidry of the Inhabitants ws to Kiiii, th, „ M«i^', *
lurei to many, and larned on witli liuh Spin, ,;„| d',',
kirn^c, their Irade liDrifnl|v( and wJI nunj^cJ, l^ n.it
only lo cmphiy and enrif h themlrlvn, bij( (,, ,|„» \^^^
wile the Attention of other NotH.ns, ami a Contourk- ,[
Merchants fiom the motf dilfant tornrr* ol the Wuil,)
what mull It haw be. n m its fofUKr llmiriihn.a U Jh
lion? What mull it have Ken m thr Imu, Ulure >'c.
KnUd, when t.S.y wrminht for ihrmlelv.s, and wlnn ihnr
imiullry jirocrcd I lai)j)iiiels ; wh-rras no»v u p^rihaK , j
Urc Sublillem. ? Thu will lullKiently dr nionilratr to ihr
iniiihg.nt Keader.ihc I'luthot an Ubiiivati„i( wr havrio
oll.n ma.'.-, that howi\,r 1 hiii;;* nuy have koiu in I'lc
idl of tluWoiLhorul how muihliH verMaiikiml nuy luve
improved clliwlure, they iiuilt have naYlUri.v jtalK^rd
here, anil the modern lu.liti nrnll, m iho Nature of
Things, tall at far ftiort of the India m the ancient *,d
prim tive State, a* from the vail Advanuncs which tiny
rn|<>y alx.vc other C'ountiicj, tiny Utni (lill tu excel liie
ull «.t the Wotkl.

\N e may froiu hence gather, what fohd, what niiglty
IJonclin are derived from a wilc and weli-ltitkil tuilht.i-
tinn, rime even the Rchcks ami Kriniinsof 11 are able to pro
due e luch m glity i:i]i ^j, as we I. e aiiXMif;!! the ludniii -, .iivl
Irom t:u lur wc may be (ain;ht that all Dan(»fiji)ugln iu\r
dared, all IlardlhijM undergone, a'l latinues paiicmiyen-
ilured to prevent tlic Ruin, and avert the I allot liiih a
C'onllitution. It u truv, iIkIc Lellonj may b learnrj
nearer honw.and there is no NcicirKy to irav. I to the Imiti,
in oriUr to acquire thu ukful Knowlei'gc j but, in the
mean iim<, ilncc wc fiave a naturall'ropenlity id travd,
lince Books of Voyages arc lb much rcul, and lo julliy
eftetmcd, it u lurely right, to make tlwm as uUtulupof-
fible, by incukating thelc larlTons, whuh ought t j U i\t-
|)ctuallv in our Minds, becauir, on our Attention to tlieui,
ilcpr mis our Irecdom and 1-elicity. Jo what l.neis do out
Mcrclui-.t. vilit the nwll dillant Countries, cxpoft tlini-
fclvcs to fucha \ ariety o| Uangcn, arJ ilKailiilly umkr
go futli iiuiumrrable lati(;ues, but tl;at they may bung
baek fuiricirnt Wealth to live at home in IVae> ? AnJ, it
they a«l!t rcalonably in tl.,, Way, why Ihould we im read
to the fame l'ur|)olc .' Why Ihould we not gam, by 1'xi.e-
ricmc and KelUcfion, the true I'lifKiplcs of I'atrurfimi,
ami a Icttled Rtlolution to proht by ot.hrr Fiopks Mif-
lojtuncj, ai»d avoid, by a timely LonlidetJtion ot thnr
Milcries, what mull, lomc time or lithc r, make then Caie
fiUt own. Wc have, wlut the InJuim once hail, an excel-
Itut Conflitution, equally capable of bellowing, 1 reulom
and Felicity : It is to this wr owe whattvi-r ditliiiguilliesus
Ifum other Nations, our Lilx-rty, our InJullry, our Ma-
nufaifturcs at home, our Coinmercc al)riud, an*', in Ihoit,
whatever can render I.ilc dtlirabic, or thisWorld valiialilo.
1 caiuiot help thinking, therclorc, ih.H every C)(iiK)rtimi(y
niould be fougtit, or, at leall, every Oicaiton taken tur
letting thcle important Points in their proper l^glit, and
thereby recommending, in the llrongrll marine/ podibk,
iti\ iolablc Duty eu this our beneficent Coiilluuuon. ,

SECT.

«2j

SECTION XX!X.

•> I

/JnAcount nf the MrcntRoun M nil the great Ci'ict mul chief Man, /,; //v I.nlics.
iheMaHucr ,nM the D<mejluk Commcnc of that Co.oury is carrU on ; tL, StaU
f>J Its MiinuJtiHurts, ami ether ciiricus Partictihirs. • • .. . :

Takcji from tlic Works of Mr. T,n\rtii>'r.

Jm ol Buii;ul li///. .; l),\,nptir,H f,J thojc Ctia. i 5. 0/ th,- I'olJ,,^, /,m Sur.it /. V.o,\, 'with /me
H.puris ttpcH tiiUll-moUJiol City. 16. 0/ //a- tiM City 0/ Vili.ip)iir, <r)i.l the htndp,tlity of which U
i< th QtMtitt. I -. A l<ir\,f Aacioit nf tlv Hf>\,il Citv r>/' Ik-mfAr, ,i,i,hft/M- Courtry r.ufiJ it. 1 8. A

Junntt Hijlon 0/ «v king^.fom fij Col.oiuli. 19. ff',- Rm.I from llinci- to th,' t'nrt <//' Mallinataii,
\iith Jonir K.nuirh en tlr -Trade cm liul cti thn.: 20. A /'/,:.• f)f thf Countnfrom thence to M.iilrcf-
jMLin, now ht'Aci, hy Hm- Name 0/ Ton St. O^wj^:. 21. A Disre/Jm co/uvniifi?- r.lrfLwti, 'w/jicR
.^nl.unsmmiy ciirtsus Ciunm/uiHcet. 22. A D.jlnpii'.u tf tie Kingdm ^y Canute, i'.d of the iiincipat
PLuci tlwretM. 23. liiHtuiks upui the foregoing ikiliin.

1 1 1' R E is no Ot cilion for .i lone? Iiuroiiuc-
iion in rhu Sc tiofi, the Sii:))cit of it \\m
beai alrraily pomti-il out, ami thcrffjrc it 1$
only rrquifitf (d J'jy, that tlif iJcli^n of tlic Author thfn-
111, WJI M <:<}>ijiii tlie int(ii<-r .State of tlic Uuitti^ to
IIk'w wlierc MaiuiUcturcs wire Uttlcii, how tariitil on,
jiiU jii^r wh^ Maiimr the doiiultuk and iniaiul Com-
iiincf ot ilin GjiiiKry is niiiiagiiil. In treating of tliis
Sul)i<^:\, fVciy Faraxiaj'ii prcl. iits ns with limuthiug new,
4tul tnuKihin^j ufc'luJ. 1 hii I )iti ourfi' tianljiorts ll.^, us ic
wtii' inti) the very Cuuiitry itk%i ; aiul, when wc havr read
u, wf can ii'> loiigT loiiliJcr ourlclvts as Stran^'.-is in the
Indtci. It woii.d \v viry liai^y li *c had ai tlcar and as
<!i linCt Aciouiusof cvuy Oniiitry m Europe, \vc Diould
know nuicli more uf tli.ni then, tlun we do now i wc
lliould enter into all (fit.- i'arii> ular^ ot their Condition, and
unJcrllaiid jitrfcittly, w.'utrvtr Ktlarions lainj lioin
tht'iiti-. li was for 1:1.1 KvaliiM tliat I jud{;cd u |'((i)<li,
Uti/rc 1 |)i(«c'wl<-*l to the iait I'att ot this C haptir, the
Jlitlory ol /.;yi-///i/« Li<iiijj.iiins, to cloii.- wiili this the
SaK-s ot V'uyai'is .uul I'lavcis unto, and througii tliis
I'ait <4' the VVuild, M\^, it u Ikipcd, thii Method will be
ajij>(oV( J,

/. iN'otwitlirtandii (j; ili;^ Ih.Iks ftixtch thcinfclvcs bc-
yoiid the Coall ot I'ojtu lor tin: S|>arc of above four hiin-
diiJ lA'ay,ucs tot^i'thii, hum tlu' Uv (.-an to Alauiit-Cuu^a-
fu\ or liiurui, ya tluii; arc not li) many W'ay.s into
iIk' J'iJio out ot t'iij'u, as tinrc i\c ot travciiin^ into
I'l'Jiu out ol Jmly, l>'(..uU', tliat I'ctwctn Perjlt and tliL-
JnUi I, ,11; mnhi.'!; lilt vail S.-nuls and Dclcrts, wlierc
ih. II 1^ no Wall I to bf t'jur.d ; lo that yoii have but two
I<'i.nii to liidi; in t;"in!; Utwcen Jjfjl-au tu //gra, the
o;u l.y J..ind throiifih Ci'iJalar, and the other partly by
J Mi\ and partly \>y S-a, taking .Ship at JtMiJr, .Ihajft, or
OiD.ki. Both tliflo I haw." dtlaibed .is tar as the Lainits
ot i\ifi:i reaili, and Ihall only add concerning this latter,
tiiat bailing is not late at all I'lnKs upon the Indian, as it
Uj-on the Lurepiuii Coalts; you mult oblei vc liic proper
Sialuiis, which, bii;iL', pall, tlitr. is no venturing. 'I'iie
Months ot iXiveminr, D.icmiir, Januury, tiiruary, and
AJ,!i\i>, are the only riiiics in tlie Year to cinbaik for
i::rat Iroiu Ormuz ; but liom ^urat yoti imill not llir af-
tt.- the l.nd ol ItirHury ; tor tlicn the Wellern Winds that
bii"(-', Kaiii aloiij; with tluiii into ///.'Vj, begin to blow ;
1.0! iiuiii.^ thcfe iyur Moiiilu, tlicii: blowi a N. L. VYnid,
N u M ij. . .,,

which catrirs the Ships from Sural to Ormtiz in ffieen or
twenty l)ays ; and this Wind vi-erinii; a liitle to the North,
ltrve> alio tor tliol': ijut are Ixjiind lori'/i/.,'/ •, but it takes
thtni up tliiriy,or tli:ity-.'ivc JJaysj for which they arc
made Amends in Mir,h and tlie liecnuuny ot .Ipril,
for then, the \VlII;tii Uinds blowinii; lull m their Stern,
cairy them thither in lourtcui or liiteen Days.

I'he VelUls that tail luSurat, which is tlu-oniy Port in
the I'.inpiiv of the (Jreat Moj^ul, j .if. w.tliin Sijjht of Diu,
and the I'oint of .V/. Jobi, .iiiJ lome to an Anchor in the
Kuad of Sun.t'.i, which is I.h:: L.eanir."-, Ir.yni tli. 1 own,
anil two from the Moiiili of the Kiver i..ilLd tiie Har of
Sural; tor tlu- i.',rcatcr \cilelj cannot ^et into I'.it Uivcr of
Sural till they have ur.lad, n, by real.Jii of the Sands that
clioaJi it up ; .i:id the \'. .iicb to unladen, arc cniicd to the
1 own, iitiiu by W.iL'jons or 1) )ats Ixv.uiic ;l-.; C'ullonii
weic titten llolui wtun the .Ships imladtd ;jtnjrally at Sou-
<..'/ i thereloie th.TC 'u now a I'rohibition, tiut rone Ihall
coine to anchor theie but the E.>^!ijh and Du\h, wlio, in-
dteil, jayn>aiiy Cioods Cultom tree ; yet it is iiuiL up by
the VelVek that come to the Uar f.oni PcrftJ, .irtibia-ielix^
and all l'.iitsot the Indits. When the Commodities are
unladen at Sur,:!, you inofl carry tlum to the Cuilom-
houle, aLlJoiiinn^ to the I'ort, where the Merchant.-; pajr
tor all Ibrts ol Watv . Iroin 4 to 5 per Cttit. uiilels it be
the A'«i,'.'('.''and /J-v/rt', who indeed pay kf, bin aie forced
to make IC up in I'releiits to the Cciirt and Deputations i
ami lell any valuable (ioods Ihould be conceakd^ they
feanli every Perlbn in t!ie Ship cxai'tly. Gold and .'^dver
pays but 'Ivvo in the 1 lundrcd, and when it is brfU"l;c in-
to the CuUonvhoule, the M.ilUr of the Mint cor.n . r.J
takes it and coins it into the Money ot the Country,
which, tho' it be to the Lotiiofthc .Mrrchant, yet can't
be avoided as to the Silver 1 but the Merchants have ft>
many Ways to hide their (jold, i!u: it iLK'.om comes tu
the Knowledge ot the Ciillomeis.

h they biii;^ any Money ready coined, out of otlier
Countrits, as i'liijUrs, or Al-lh'.<, out ot l\rjia, they arc
melted down ar.d reliiud, to make Rupees, bctaulc ths
Silver-Money of the Gieat Mvj[;ul is finer tlun any odier.
The Indian Money is the Silver Rup:e, the half Quarter,
the cighteenih, and lixteenth Fart. I'h^ Rupee is as big
as the Bcffi of I'trjia, but much tluckir ; it iulL-s com-
jnoidy for thiity l'ren:b Soil, or 1 i. 3 J. Sterlinj. Tliii
Myncy 1^ cwnwd every Year, and tiio ii<.'w oiisi, duiing th«
JO A Yew

If I

Si6

7hc Roads to the ftiirj/ Roiufs of India,

Book I.

l'tti,.1"M

'\'

ij*',

W :^

I 5!t
,1,1,5

Yrar thry are roinfil in, are vjliio.1 at a PdbJ nioir tlun
ihol'c ot the forfgoinj;; Year, kiaiiU- the Coiners prctcml
that the Silver wears ilaily. They have ah'o anothi r Silver
Coin lalled Mabmcudi, which is ten, or about ten Suls and
an halt, or eight }>rncc Hall|xnny Ster!iii{',i bntit(;oesno
where but in Siir.tl, ami in the ('rnvinit- of (iuzural. A
B.iffij brought out of ffrjfa goes alio in the IhJui, but fur
Icfs than in their own Country, viz, at nineteen Pfita'j,
or fixtcen irencb Sols, whicli is one Shiliinj; ami Two-

fjence. The Pfcba of whi. h they iiavc halt, double, and
our-ti)ld) is a I'irce ot Copper Money .is bii; and thick .-.s
a Ruptt, but in Value alwut halt a Sous, nr lunictlung his
than half a I'enny Eigiip}. A Rufc; :s worth innre nr
lefs of thi>(e Pain's, acconling as you are nearer or fartlier
from the Copjvr Mines. At -/?n; and Gebanahnt they arc
worth titty-tive or lixty-tivc Pt.ia's, ami at Sural Ionic-
times but t'orty-lix, and lometimt". titty, kcault it is at a
fnull DilUnce from the Copi>er Mmo.

Inftcaii cit I'mall Money, thry ule ccrt.iin vShcUs, which
they call Ccr:., brought (rom the Mr.ldt'.a, ot whkh they
give fifty or more for a Pala, or it tliry arc near tin Sra-
Ihorc, where they are brought in, lixty. \\\ the I'rovincc
of Ctizurr.t, and tlie ihict Cities w!iere(/t Cuzutj/, C.irni.iui,
BcuAra, and .Imadahat, Mabmoudi's, halt MaLmou.U's, and
^'jtmondi, arc accountal current Money : A M.iimeudt is
about nine Sous, three l>niier^, or I-.iplit- pence Ln^iiji in
Value. The Almonds, whuh tiny tall B.idrn, arc lirought
fn>m Ormuz, and giow in tlic IXlarts of the Kingd.tiiii ot
Lar. They ^ive lixty-ci:;ht .'Mmonil-. tor a /V./'-.j, an^
twenty P<(i\is tor a Mabmcudi. There ;s no t( ir that the
Children fhoulii crack tlulc Almonds and to dcilroy tli-.ir
Money, for they are as bitter as (/olloquinti;ia. Some
Yeats the Almond-trets don't bear, and ilicn then Price is
much railed ; tor then you will not have aUive forty or
forty-four for a Petba. Ihe Kupff of dold is valutil in
the Country at fourtetn Kufni ot Silver, and t!ic half and
Qiiarter Rupn- pro[H)iti<)nal)ly. 'Jreat Sums of Money
are reckoned by l^;ks, Crorts, or Ccurcrj, Padjus, and
Ntls ; 100,000 Rup<(s make a I^ck, icjo,ooo l^ks a
Ccurers, \oo,co Ceurors z Padan, 100,000 y'j..''.;wj a A'/,'.
It you bring (joki into the Indus in Ingots, or Lureptan
Ducats, you thai! always have tcvtn ami an halt I'rotit, if
you can ckajie J>aying the Culloms •, but it you pay them,
your Gain is lolV

T,. 1 he City 01 Surat lies in twenty-one Degrees, and a
few Minutes Northern Latitud.e, and is watered by the
River Tapty. It is inhabited by three NatiiiOs a< they di-
ftinguifh themftlves, r/z. Mocn. under \\l..i.U Name they
com[)rehend all Mcbammedjns, though tliey ditiVi in their
Opinions, b-ing tome SuHHts, and other'' Chiiits, viz.
j\fe^uls, Ptrjiani, ytrabtans, and Turks ; 2 . Hca:h(ni, who
adore IdoN, ot whom there a:e fcveral torts ; j, Perjes,
who are alfo cailcd Guurs, or .-ilccb-prreji, 1. e. Adorers ot
the Fire, which was the Worthip of the am icr.t Pif/iam.
Thcfe Men retreated into the Indus, when the Khalift"
Ow.ir reduced the Kingdom ot Pcrf:a under the Power of
Mcbammidar.i: Amongthele, in(!eed,thti<arel'.,.'nc Iravis,
and other CbrtJiiaKs, but they arc not accounte>i anu m;-; the
Inhabitants t->ecaulc their Nu'ml>er is intonl.iitratilr, m
Com|Mrifon ot the othci I'artb. Hkic are f jmc .MeixIuiitJ
in Sural vainly rich.

One yergr-tra, a Barjan, was retknred Wf.rfh ."ir .!eaft
eight Millions. I he Cty is but ot an ini!i!t"rrer.t B:[;nefs,
and 'tis hard to know the Nunil^r of the Inhabitant^,
becaufe the Seaf(<ns render it unequal. There are a threat
many all the Year round -, but in the Time of the Mon-
foon, I. /. t!:e S-alons tor failing, :iz. in January, tclru-
try, and M/^rch, it is fo foil ot I'eople, that lycigings can
hanily be lud, either in the City, or the Suinirbs. The
Generality ot the Houfes are built ot Heeds ] lairtered
over with Cow-dung 1 for in all "^urat tlicre !•. ii;;t above
nine or ten gfXKl llcjulcs, ot which the Cha !)rnder, or
thief of the .Mrri har.ts, his two or tfiree, the b.ng'.ijh and
Duteb alfo liavr S»n:<- ot them, and the rrll Ulonj', ru the
Mjhammalan .M-nhants -, but the Pranks are (jp.ly allowed
Co tiirc Moulrs lett il they Ihould have any of their own,
they fhould make it a I ortref'.

I ;ie Capuchin liuiv have bin'r them a very convrnient
Convent, a(..grd;n^ to tlic MuJci ol the lloul-Ji ui A«ro/r,

and .1 lair Chiircli by it, but tliey piirrlured the Groimt
in the Name i.t one Cb<lchie, a t\Uiron,tt Merchai,?-
yfUppc. The Walls ot the Town were formerly ot £ ,"'
ami that very ruinous -, but ot late they have hiiilt tlitm !
Brick, a fathom and an half thick, and fortified themkttfr
to Iccure it from the Ifrupiionsot the ncighbouriiic Raiah
The CalUc is built upon the Side of the River, at the .Somh
l'.nd of the Town, an.l is to plated, that you mull pais (,!
It at your entering into the Town, whether yon uo Im
1-and or Water •, it is a Fort of a realonal.le Bigiuii,, (nuj,/
and flanked at each Corner with a lari.',e iower. I'l '
Ditciies vii three Sides arc tilled with Sea-water, .imi the
fourth is wafhcil by the River. 1 here are feveral I'rce,
ot Cannon ; but kLiiifc there are no Platforms on each
Wall, they .va- planted upon wooden .Scaffolds. Tlu-(,o.
uri.or ot 11 can only lommand his Soldiers within ih-
lort ; lor he Jus no Power in the City, which has a i!;-
llim'; liovcrnor, who iTCeives the King's Culb,ms, and
his Revenues 111 Ills I'rovince \ but he lays them up m the
lallic, till thty are fcnt fur by cxprclii Otdcis fiom
Couit.

I'tu Streets of Sural are l.irgf , and even, but not pavej -,
and tin re is no ronllderabit Buikiing in it. The Ciriiii
ans an.t AUbammcd<ins there commonly eat Cow Bed, pot
only l^eiaiile it is better, but Ixcaule it is more pleiuiK;!
than Ox Beet, their Oxen being almotl all employed 111
Plowing;, and caiiymg Burthens. 1 hey have alio pr'tty
giHKl .Store of Mutton, and .^bund.ince of IHillets Chi(i<.
I ens, l\;cons, I'l^ , and all torts ot Wdd-fowl. 'J hey ule
two torts ol Oil with their Fool, r/z. of Crocu?, Syive-
Uris or wiUl Safiron, ami Sellair.um. This latl is more
common, but the tirfl much the bell. They eat Grairs
fiom the Beginning ot p(biu>:ry to the F.nd oi April; hut
they have no gixxl 1 atfe, ami the Wine made of them 1
l()ur. They have llveral torts ot llronf» Waters, which
thty draw trom Japrry, and the Bark of the Tree Ba-
liorel ffeej)cd in Water. '1 hey have two forts from Palm-
trees, the one calhd tadigour, anti the other the Cotoa-
trct. Rice, and Dates ; but tiicy are none of them fo good
as Brandy, 'i'h' ir Vinegar is made of Jagery, and decajieil
RaiHiis and to their Ulf they put in a little Tan, which
is the Juice of the Palm-trcis alxjvementior.ed.

At Sural are told all lorts of Stufis and Cottons that art
made in the Indies : .Mi the Commtxlities alio of /mrc/,'
and ( bi>:a, as Poicelain, Cabinets, and Chefls adorr.cd
with 1 orc^iioiles, Agats, Cornelians, fvory, and other
F.infielhllimtnts 1 Icie arc alio (old l>..'.;nonds, Kjbirs,
Pearb, and all other precious Stones, which are 'oumi in
the I'alf ; as alio Miifk, Amix-r, Myr'h, Inienle, Mj: "a,
Sal Armoniack, l.ack, (^nckfilver, Inoigo, and the Koot
R:vnas, for dying red. All forts of Spices, Fruits, and
Drugs, which are produced in the Indits, and the Ln-ant,
and arc bought iij) fiy Foreign Merchants to trai^lport irto
all Parts of the Wurld. 1 here are teveral great Oihceis
at Sural, wz. a Mutn, who infpe<^*s and rules all manner
of Religion among tlie Alcbammedans, .ind a Cad;, to iiu'^e
ol all (isil Maitris, a ytua A'nn, or Secretary of State,
who kec[>s a Hegiller ot all that haptiens to his Pruvii.ce,
and gives the (iieat Mogul Notice of all things that hap-
y>ri\ ol Importance, two <»ovcrnors, or Nab.nls, who com-
mand one the City, the other the CaUle, and have no IV-
}>endancc ujxm eaih Other, lior incroath upon one anot.'icr's
Offices, or Duties.

The Cfovenior of the T(5wn judges ii' civil Matters and
(oinmoniy renders Ijxniy Julfice ; but he mediiles not with
( riiiunal Caufes, t<jr thry t>clong to.\n OlFicer app'ointedon
puiiHjfc, called Coioual, who is much the lame \si:lithe
Sii-A'ujja in Turkr:, and Dcic^a in Ptrfi:i. He orders Ciimi-
nals to be punifhed in his Prelenci , by Whipping or Lad-
gelling •, and this he duth, cither m his own Houle, ^r in
tlic Street, near the Plaie where the pafl was done. When
he goes al>roa<l, he ridei on I lorttKick, and has feviril
Olfieeis who attend him, carrying BatfKu.s, \\h:ps. Lan-
ces, iic. before him i but neither ol theli: Judijes can jnit
any Man to Death. The King r<leives that I'ower no
himlcll ; arid therefore wlieii any Man deluves Death, 1
Courier is difp.itchcil to know his Phaliire, and they ta»l
not to [)ut his Orders in f.xecutioii. to Iwn as the LoDMcr
u returned. I'li'- (.eteual goc» his Rounds in thi. Ni.'.ht tc

prtsiil

Book I.

•I'fy P>;rrlurc.l ,|,c (,ro„na
, a Akronitt Mrrchunt of
iwnwtrelormfrlyotlurth
l^tc they have huiltclicniot'
k, and tortificd them kttcr
"t the neighbouring Rajji,;

^•olthcR,vcr,at,|,fSo,uh
ufil, that you muUpjhhv
lown, wlu-th.r yon m, i!
»rcalonal.leH,jr,uCs.k.m;
"!!' a lari;,- Jowcr. T|,c
cd w,,h Sca-watcr. ...ul i|,c
1 hf re are fcvcral 1>.tc«

are no Platforms on lach
ooiiinScafi'olilj. 'MK-(,y.
Ill l>is Soliiicrs withm ih-
the- City, which has a ,'f.
the King's Culloms, and
Init he lays them up m the

by cxprcls Otdcis (rom

, and even, but not pavrd ;

'il'iing in it. '1 he LLnjl!.

niir.only cat Cow &•,!, „ot

Ixcaulc it IS more phuiti.!

ing almoU all employed m

IS. Ihcy have alio ] r'tty

iKiiLinre of Pullets ChuK-

lit Wild-fowl. 'J hiy Ute

.1, '.7Z. of Crocuj, iv'yhx-

inuim. This lall is more

c hciL They eat Guj-s

' to the Knd ui April; hut

the Wine made of them i-

s ot IhoniR VN'atrn, which

he Bark of the Tree Hi-

have two forts from Palm-

, ami the other the Cwoa-

! are none of thi ni lo gcod

uir of Jagery, and drcayei.1

l)ut in a little 'I'ari, which

xjvrmentiored.

Stufis and Cottons tlijt arc

)mmcxlitirs alio of Lurcf;

nets, and Cherts adorr.cd

elians, fvory, and ether

lold I>,..;iionds, Rjbirs,

tones, wliit h are •(uirid in

, Myr'h, Ineenle, Mj: ra,

'er, Imiigo, and the Kool

rts of Sjiices, Fruits, ard

he India, and the Ln-ant,

lerchants to tranfport irto

aie levcral great O.'ficen

efts and rules all manner

dans, and a Caili, to lu^'^e

11, or Secretary ot .'^tate,

h.ipi)rns to his Province,

e of all things that hap-

)rs, or Nali.ids, who coiii-

LalUe, and have no IV-

croach uj)on One anotlicr's

idgrs in civil Mattrrs and
; but he meddles not »nh
to an OtHcer ai'ix)inicii on
niufh the lame \vi;li the
yVr/r. lie orders C.iir.i-
:>, by Whipping or t Jii-
j:i his own Houle, it i:i
hr laet was done. W licB
,)rlth.ick, and has fcvtul
t; Hat(K>i.$, \\ hips, Lan-
r 01 theic Judijts can {n:t
; n leivrs thai Power itu

Man deltrvcs Death, i
s Phaliire, and they ta>l
1, lu Iwn as thr l oii'ier

Koundi in thi. Ni.'ht tc^

J'tcVllI

Chap. II.

ff'ow J.B. Tavf.rnier.

prevent all Di(()rdcrs, and if he finds any Man abroad at
unfeifonatilc Times, he commits him to prifon, and rarely
difmifTes him without being balfonadoed, or whiopcd.
This Officer is to anfwcr for all the Kobbcrii-s ronimit-
ted in the Town -, but by their Cunning they ufually evade
it. When any one is robbed, this OtHcer apprehends all
(he People of the Houfc, both young and old, where the
Robbery has l>ccn committed, and caul'es them to be l)catfn
feverely. They are ftretched out upon rheir Bellies, and
and two Men la(h the Patient with long Whips, till he has
received two or three hundred Lathes, and is all in a (iore
Blood. If at tirfl he confeiTcs not the Faft, they whip him
the next Day, and fo for icvcral D.iys till he confeiles all,
orthr Thing floien be recovered again •, but he never learchei
the Houl'cs, or Goods of Roblicrs.

There is alfo a Tourfedar, or Provoji, who is bound to
fecurc the Country round about the Town, and to anfwcr
for all the Robberies committed there. The Burying- places
of Sural are without the Town, about forty-three Paces
from the Haroch Gate. The Catholicks have theirs apart,
and (o have the F.ngliJJ} and DuuL, as well as Tome religious
Indian). The Enjrlijh and Dutch adorn their Graves with
Pyramids of Britk, whitened over with Lime. The reli-
gious Geniiles make their Tombs Iquare, and of Pi.,il(ei ,
covered, fomc with a Dome, and others with a Pyramid, u
httle more than three Foot high. The Banjans burn their
dead Bodies by the River Side, and leave the Alhes there
to be wafhed away by it, becaulc they account it facred.
They believe that it contributes much to the .Soul's Kale of
the dee cal'ed, to burn his Body immediately after his Death,
becaufe they lay his Soul fuficrs after the .Separation Ironi
the Body, unlcis it l>c burnt •, but they burn not the Bodies
of Children under two Years old, becaulc they hold them
innocent ; nor of the Vartia's, or Jogies, who arc a kind
of Derviles, becaulc they follow the Right of Mttdeo, who
is one of their great Saints, and who ordered their Bodies
to be interred.

The Things mofV obfervablc about Sural are a largo
Wall built by a Ranjan, with divers thin Arches over it,
to which they go down by certain Stairs •, on the Outfide
is a Figure of a red Face, but the Features are not diicein-
able. The GenttUs lay, 'tis the Pagod of Madeo, and pay
a great Devotion to it. Towards Daman-Gate begins the
lovclieft Walk in all the Country, and by it is a great Rel'er-
vatory of Water called the Tanlt. It has fix Angles, and
every one of them an hundred Paces long, and it is at leall
a MulVet-ftiut in Diameter. The Bottom is paved with
large Frec-llone, and there are Steps all round it in Form
ot an AmphitheatR', from the Brim to the Bottom, of
lovely Frce-llone, admirably wrought, brought troin
Ciim/xiya. It was made at the Charge of a rich Banjan,
wholi: Name w.is Cs/iy, to catch the Rain-water to lu|iply
the Town, and is certainly a Work worthy of a King,
being equal to the bell of the Roman Aqu:i.-Ji;(^s made tor
publick life.

About a Quarter of a Ix'ague from the Refervatory is the
Pnncels's (iarden, fn called, becaiile it belongs to the Great
Mogul's Siller. It is a large Plantation ot Trees of feveral
kinds, as Manguires, Palms, Mirobalans, Wans, Malia-
trees, and many other Plants and Shrubs, foiiie ot them
are let m a direCt Line, ami it is cut into many long and
very fair Walks. In the midll is a Building, with lour
I'ronts, having each of them a Div.nn, and a Iquare Batim
hill of Water lictorc it, from whence run li-veral little
Brooks through the Walks, which make it delijjhttul, but
muih Ihort ot the Royal Gardens in Europe.

About a hundred and HIty Paces from the Garden is a
Wair, or Tree, which the Portugueze call the Tree of
Roots V It is very large, and high, being eighty Paces m
Diameter ; the Braiicl:;-i which have taken Root are fo
fkilfully cut, th:it one may walk every-whcre under it.
The Indians .iccount it lacred, and the Banjans have
planted Banners on t:ie Top, and higher Branches ot it \
by It IS a Pagcxt, dedicated to an Idol called Mamt^ti,
winch is thought to be Eve. The Soil about Stiral is
brown, and fo rich, that they never dung it, but low their
Corn after the Kains in September, and reap it in I'rtruary.
It bears alto Sugar-Cam s Kice, Manguiers, Palm-fees,
ai.d many otntr lorts of Trees, which yield great Profit.
4

827

Th«y water tlitir Gardens, but the great Dews yield fuf*
ficient Moillurc for their Corn-Land. The River Tetpiy it
always bratkilh nt Sural, fo that they ufe it only for
walluHK tlifii" Bodies, which they do every Morning, fronj
a Print iple of Religion.

4. In travelling up and down Mia, there at« diven
forts ot Carriages botli for Merchandize and Travellers,
and when you leave Sural, you muft make ufc of thcfe.
For(i(K)ds, thty make ufe of Oxen, Camels, or Waggons ;
upon their Oxen they will lay three hundred, or three hun-
drecl and lifty Pounds Weight v and 'tis no wonderful thing
to fee ten or twelve thouland Oxen at a time laden with
Kue, Corn,, and Salt, carrying the Rice to the Place
where Corn grows, and Corn where the Rice is, and Salt
to Places where there are none. Thefe numerous Caravans
are very inconvenient to Travellers, becaufe when they
meet them, they arc forced to flay two or three Days, till
they pals by. Ihis is the moil fpeedy Carriage for Mer-
chants GutKli, and they commonly make ufc of it when
they arc in hiille to lliip them off at Sural. They that
drive thole Oxen follow no •'fher Calling, nor have any
Huufcs, but carry their Wivcg and Children along with
thein,

Some of them h,ive an hundred Oxen of their own, and
they have a Captain of the Caravan, who wears a Chain of
PcarU about his Neck, and takes as much Sute upon him
as a Prince. All that follow this Trade of Carrying, are
divided into four Tribes, called Manari's, and confift each
ot them ot m hundred thouland Souls. They live always in
Tents, and arc maintained by tranfporting of Merchandize
liom Country to Country. I'he firll of them carries nothing
but Corn \ the lecond Rice ; the third Pulfe % and tha
tourtii Salt I and they are dillinguifhed by certain Marks
made by the Priells in the Face of every one of three of
the Tribes, by a dilVcrent coloured Gum, and fome Grainj
ot the thing they carry jxiurtrayed in it ; the fourth carries
a Hag of Salt tiltout their Neck!s, of eight or ten Pounds,
and with It I hey thump their Brealls every Morning before
they fay their Pr.sycrs, in Token of Repentance. They love
their Oxen and Cattle as tenderly as Children, efpecially if
they have none,

Their Women wear only a Piece of Calicut painted, or
white, five or fix times double, from their Waift down-
ward, and upwaals they cut their Bodies into feveral Forms
ot lluwers, which tlicy paint in various Colours with
Grapri, They have Priells that go along with them, who
every Morning tits U[) an Image of a Serpent in Wreaths
u\'^i\ a I'olu lix or feven Foot high, and when every one
li.ts paul Ins Adoration to it, their Women going three
tiMKs about It, they load it upon an Ox appointed tor that
Pill pole lor carrying ir, and accompany the Caravan ; they
ule Camels lomeiimes, but very rarely, they being ap-
pointed to eairy lai^gage of great Pcrlbns. The Caravan,
or Waggon, leldoiii exceeds two hundred, and is moft
coiiuuoii.'y not aliovo an hundred. F>ery Waggon is drawn
by ten or twelve Oxen, and attended by four Soldiers,
which the IVtIim that owns the Merchandize is obliged to
pay V two ol them march on each Side of the Waggon,
over which theic is two Ro\h"s thrown acrofs, the Ends
whereol ihey hold in their 1 lands, that if the Waggon leans
too nuK h to either Side in the bad Way, thofe on the con-
trary Side in.iy keep it from overturning, l^y pulling the
Ropes with all thoir Strength. The Manner of travelling
in lidi.i iH upon Oxen intlead of Horles, lb that if any
Merchant carries an I lorte out of Pir/:^, 'lis only for Shew,
or to walk in his I land, or to fell to fome Indian Prince.
Some ol thole Oxen will pace as cafy as our Nags.

riicy manage them as Horles 1 but inllead of a Bit,
they have a Rojw drawn through the niufcelly Part of the
Note, only that in riding them you mull take care that the
Horns be not above a Foot long; for if they be longer,
when the I'lies begin to tbng, he will chafe, and tols back
his Horns, and limiciimes Hick them into the Stomach of
his Rider. They iievrr llioe them but in rough Places,
where the Stones and I leat are apt to watle and chop the
Hooli. They ule alio little Coaches for travelling, which
will hold two Pcrlons \ Init generally they ride but one in
them, when they carry their necelVary Cloak-Bag and Pio-
vilion, lor wIikIi ihwic ii a proper Place under the Cc a>l> }

ii.y

^ 1 '

W ' %

i;ii

I .

'ii-'

82^

7'be Roads to the free ral Reads 0/ India,

Kook I.

T.J 1

*!>

■{.

thfy are tirawn by two Oxrn, and liimc oi them arc fo
ftrong, that thfv will travrl iijx)n the Trot twelve or liltecn
Lei«vics a Day,' for lixty Days together. When they have
got half their Pay's Jcnimey, they give theni two or three
Balls, as big xs one of our Twojx-nny I^>avf«, ot Wheat
Flour, kneaded up with Biitter, and bl.ick Su-.ir.

The Hire of onr of thetc Coaclic^ i« a Ruptt a Pay, or
a little more i for from ^m-at to /ff r<i is forry Pays Jour-
ney, and you pay for the whole not above forty live Ru-
fff!. They, who have more to Jjjend, may make ulc ot
a Palanquin for thrir 1 afe, wherein they travel very com-
modioufly ; 'tis a little Ibrt of a Coach, fix or feven Foot
ionf, and tfiree broad, with lUiiillerTi round about it. It
has a kind of Coverinj; over it, of Sattin, or C lot!» ot Cioid,
and when the Sun lies upon either Side, there is a Slave
goes by the Side to pull down the Covrrintx, and another
carries a Targot of (.)fien. covered with tunie j;enteel Stuff,
to keep the Traveller from the Heat ot the Sun. Three
NTen, Tor the niofl part, apply tliemfelves to each of the
F.nd?, to carry the I'.ilancjuin upon their Shoulders, and
they go Iwifter than our Sedan-men, and w;ih more Fale,
btcaule they praflife it from their Youth : You give to
every one foar Rupni a Month, Init il the Journey ex-
ceeds fixty I")ay', they will have five.

Whether it U in a Coach, or a Palanquin, he that will
tra^tl honourably in the Indin, mull t.ike along with him
twenty or thirty armal Men, fome with Bows and Arrows,
others with Mufkef, who have every one the lame Pay as
thole that carry the Palanquin. Sometimes, for more Mag-
nificence, they carry a Banner, as the t.nglijh and liet-
UnJfrs do, for the Honour ot their Companies. Thefe
Soldier^ watch and keep Centincl for your IXicnce, and
are mi;;hty careful to give Contrnr, that they may dclcrvc
the gooil Word of the Chief of the Town where you uke
them ; for he is refixinftWe for their Fidelity, and has two
Rutres apiece of them for his Recommendation. In the
ViHages where a Meli:rrnud<:n commands, you may have
Mutton, Pullet', or Pijj'nns -, but where there arc only
Banjj/3.', there is nothing to be had but Flour, Rice,
Flerbs, and Mi!k Mears. In the Mits, where the I leati
are ocelT.ve, 't;s n:ore rommoiiious to travel by Nipht than
Pay •, and therefore, wh'-n y<j*i come into any lortilied
Town, you muft be g'^re Ixfor'- t!ic Sun be fet, if you in-
tend to travel the Ni«;ht follosvir.g -, tor the dates biing
fhur, the Commii'ticr ot tlic Place is to anlWcr tor all the
Robberies committed within his Jurifdiflion, and will lufVer
none to go our, telling them, it is the K inch's ()nler, to
which he miift be obedient. 1 he Mcalure o! Pillances in
India is by Colh, which is a Ixrague, and Ckw, which ts
four of our common 1-eanoes.

5. In travelling from Snritt to .'t^ra then- are two Roads,
one through Bramptsr and Seai^t, and the other through
.Itmidabat. \n the firtl of ihefe you j,;o throu^^h R.irne/y,
a grt.ir Borouj^h Town, where you ford a great River -,
this firl^ l)ay'^ j'iurf>ey li's thrfMjph a Country lomething
wooify, yet havirg ti'any !■ • l-N ot Kiee and W heat. From
Bern)'-! yeu trivrl a!r«H;eflifr t'.r'Hif;h W<hk1s to Habor, a
large Vilhgc u;*in a 1 jke, alxiu' a Ixaguc in Cofnj>als.
Three (^ustters of a I rat^ue fx-tore you come at this Town,
you .mull f T.l .1 III). ill Rivi r, hut with fieat Pithtulty, l>c-
cjuft it is f?i!l lI Kot ks and Stw.es, wlmh aic rea*iy to over-
turn t'le ("31 h.

Fron: fli'tr rhe n>rt SMpr i' throuf^h a wooily Country
to the Irn. Krrktit, or Je ..1 Bf^^um, i»rca Ic it was tiuilt by
«hr Charity ot bffitm-S,ik(i\ the Paughrrr of the Shah
Jehan, frr the |-",ilr of Tr-ivtllrp., wfio Ivtorc were forced
to cr.ivrl to .V(7frf/>i trtM, whwii, iTefKlcs tliat it was 100
V'rfu? a Journey, \x>ny: \\]y)n the Kroniier'; of tliole Raiah',
who i,ir-n revolt fium ilie < treat Me>^iil. 1 li- Caiavans
wfre 'j'nrr:i!!y abiifed. This Irn, f>r Caravint(Ta, is larpr,
and very t'lmmodions In the R a>l tnnw liciuc to A'ava-
f^ttr.t you for f two Rivers.

Navayrur/t ■< a gr ,if I own, full of Weavers ; but Rice
IS thr- prrat-lf Comfi-vluy tlirie ; f.jr not only the Ri-
ver rhaf riirs throiJi^h the Country makes it very fmit-
ftil in till! t.rain, whuh raniircs .Moillure, Lm tlir Rice
that iTf^W'. iliTe his .1 |«-(ulur l-.x.-ellency, for which it n
niueh rrtc-nirtl. h h, iiule'vl, 1, Is by lulf than the (.rain
•f the (vmiiion Rii« \ but wlici. it •: bciicd ntw. Snow is

not whiter, and ' .rnells like Mi^'k. TKis rropcrtv nialv s
the liuiidH Cirancees lo fond ot it, :t;.ii ilu y will cat lu
other i and when they would make an .itccpublc I'jcliiii
to any one in Pcr/w, they iriid tl;u» a ^jacK ol ihh Rwv
From Navapcura you palii thiuut-ii N,i]jjruar, lk..i,Uiin,
and Senqucra, to iallener : 1 Icre you puis tlie Kavir that
runs through liurotky where it grows vtiy Ui^;.-, auUciiib,
tics itiirit into the (iulph of Caii.Lna.

From TeiUntr your Way lies by U'oufn, Soi^utL and
Nai>ir to badtlpeura •, here the lu.ukil \Vagyoi,» pay iLc
Duties of Brampeur, but the W.i,y^oiis th.ii cuny noili.ug
but Pallictigcrs py nothing; Aik:, wlicii thii b Uoiic, you
goon to Brampoitr, which was a gieai Li:y, but w i,ow
very much ruined, and molt of the Houlcs a;c tlntthcd
with Straw. In the Midit ut it is the Caltic, wjicrc i!,:
Ciovernour lives. The (iovcrnmcnt of this Piovukc u a
very conlidcrablc Command, and is only toiilciiut upta
the King** Son, or UikIc ; but, lliitc iltey have uaocr-
flood the Strength of the Province of Btngul, wlii^h was
formerly a Kingdom, that Province is thought the molt
confiderablc in all the Mogul's Country at it,.^ Day.
There is great Trade in this City, as wcil as in the i rov....
CCS adjoining, in Calicuts, of which theic are piwiiyiuus
Quantities made here, clear and white, wlutli a;'. t..ii.i-
portcd into Per/j, Turky, Mufiov); i'ciJiiJ, Ji..j:3,
Crand-Cairo, and other Places. Sume ut tlitiii aie puijiiij
with Flowers of various Colours, and the Woir.ca naixi:
\'eils and Scartsot them, and of lomc Coverlets lor li::,.,
and liindkcrchicfs. They make another lott ol Liniicn,
which they never dye, and hath aStri[>c ol (julJoi i.;
vtr quite through tlie whole Pjcce, and at each IjiJ iroiii
tiic breadth of one Inch ro twelve or hlictn, iluyt.xa
1 illue uf Gokt, Silver, and Sill;, intcriiiued miiii Low-
ers i both Sides are alike. Some ut thele LiMicii> a:j
made on Purpolc fur Salhei, and are called Urnii, and
contain from tilieen to twenty iJis ; • Some ar>. ot two IJij
o;;ly, and Icrve the L.kiics of Quality tor Vc;!i anJ buarK ^
and vail Quantititi of thrfc Goods are vci.dtii m'.u i'lr/:^
and Tur^y. Ttiey make alio other lorU of Cotton I. otfu
at Brempour, bccaule there is no other Proviiia' in aj, tiic
JnJtes wh.cli has greater (jiiantitKs of Cott^yn.

J/ravin{; this City, there is a huall River, which, w!im
fhallow, IS fordeil, and, if iwclled by the Rams ,th;re .in: al-
ways Boats attending to take over Iravcllers : AnJ tiifn
you come to Frjintfjera, which is an Indolurc ol Waiij
and Hedges, in which are fifty or lixty Huts covered w.tii
Straw, whe re live certain Men anel Women that idl Kicr,
Mour, Butter, and Herbs, and make it their h.. lines w
bake Bread, anel boil Rue to fell to the Travellers 1 and
thei'e Perlons cleanic the Hut, they uke up and put iiuuit
a Bedfteael, with Girths to lay a Mattrcfs or (ji^iilt up-
on, which the Travellers ufually carry along with tlum :
This is figriifird by the Word Sara, which is adiied to
(uch Places. If any Traveller have a Mind to a howl, or
a Piece of Mutton, any AhhommfJjn in the Place will go
to the City and buy it for him. hroni hence you go k:-
ward through Bander, Balii/era, Ltnfimiur, (Uiwtrji,
Charava, and BichcU to /1nd\\ where yeni pals a Kivcr
that falls into the Ganges, between BiiHazen and Phhj,
anel lo take the \V'ay liy On^ueiias, iKfUtry, TcJ-mtMn,
i\n'a-/<rj, yetatvur, S.jimr, Ci:kaipour, D:uray, Aii'tr-
katr, TeUr, and Sankam to Se^ni^e.

This City I!, larj^.;, and m.Jit ot its Inhabit mts are flj»-
ji3» Merchants and ! Jai.eiicralts, th-.- I rade [Mllir.i; l.-j-n
1-aiher to Son i and, lor that Kealun, there arr Kv.ral
Hollies ot Stone and Bruk. Here is alio a [^rea; liaiie
for paintcel Caluutv, called Cliir.tcs, ot which the Cio.nh-
ing of all the mr.incr fort ot People in P erjla md i uf iy
are nude ; And the f.ine arc uled in other Countnc:, tor
Coverlets for Beds and Tat)le-Napkiiis. 1 he lame lurti 'A
C.ihfUts are inaeic in otficr Countnes, but the Colours ara
neither lo lively nor lalfing, but wear out with olien \sa'l-.-
ing \ whereas tl.ole made at Hiccnf^e, grow the laircr il'.e
more you walli them. This antes trom a peculiar Virtue
of the River that runs by the City when the Kiiis l.iil ;
fur thr Workmin having made luch Prints upon their
Cottons as the forcjgn Merchants give them, by levcrea)
Patterns, «lip them into the River often, and that lo
tixcs the C'jIuuis; that they wiil alwayi, hold, 'lluieii

Chap. II.

from J. B. T A V E R N I E R.

829

air.) made at Sicouga (ort of Calicut, lb fine, that when a joy their Eftates. But Aureng-Zeb his Son, takes contrary

Man puts it on, his Skin fliall appear as plainly thro' it Meafurcs •, for, when he imprifons dny great Lord;,, he

as it he was quite naked \ but the Merchants are not per- orders them to be poifoned within ten or tweivc Days at-

mitted to tranfport it, for the Ciovernor is obliged to fend ter j that he may be rid of his Enemies, and ycc not be

It all to the (ircat Mogul's Seraplio, and the principal Lords thought a cruel Prince for his bloody Execurions. L.eav-

ot the Court, to riiake the Sultaneflcs and Noblemens ing G'cWcor, you ford a River called Le«**, and come to

Wives Shifts and CJarments for the hot Weather t and Pattrki-fira, where, palTing over a Bridge, containing fix

the King and the L-ords take great Plcafure to behold wide Arches, and which carries you over the River ^a-

tiiein in thefe Shiits and fee them dance with nothing rinado, you arrive at i^ta>raqui-/era, and lo to Dolpouni,

elle u|-)on them^. From Seconge you go to Madalki-fera, where there is a River, called Chamel-nadi, to which thcie

.md palling thro* Paulki-fcra and Chaldolki-ftray you come belongs a Fci ry-boat. The River falls into the Gemena,

10 (.altabas. ^ between /Igra and Hallebas. From iience you pafs to Mt-

(.. There is a great Town, whicli was the Refidence of nafqui-fcra, where there is a River, called 'Jageunagi, but

a Kajah formerly, who paid Tribute to the Mogul s but you do not pafs it till you come eight Leagues farther,

tJK- lall Emperor Aurengzeb, when he came to the Crown,
not only cutoff" his Head, but the Heads of many of his
Subjects, which he caufcd to be fet up in fo many Holes
dug in the Ground, about the two lowers which Itand
iijion the High-way near the Town. From hence the
Way lies to //ckmate, and from thence to Collefar, whole
Inhabitants are all Idolaters. Without the Town,
uixjn the Highway, grows a vaft Number of great Trees,
which they call Mangues, and in many Places near the
Trees, are many Pagods, with every one an Idol at the
Door : 'Ihey belonij; to the Banjans. From this Town
you travel through Sanfcll and Dongry to Gale. This is a
ill ait PalTage of a (garter of a League long between the
Mounuins, and is unavoidable by all that come from the
South, as Siirat, Goo, yifapour, Golconda, Mnjkpatan,
and other Places, to /Igra ; for there is no other Road but
this. At the Entry of it are the Ruins of two or tlirce
old Caftles, and the Paflage is fo narrow that two Wag-
gons can hardly go a-brcaft : Formerly there was a Gate
at each End of the Strait, and, at the Eml, next /Igra,
there arc five or fix Shops of Banjans that fell Flour, But-
ter, Rice, Herbs, and Piilfc. Not f.ir from thence is a
Map v/.iiie of Rice and Corn, kept by Serpents of thirteen
or to':itccn Foot long, and of a proportionable Big-
iiels.

The People hereabouts get their Living by PalTengers,
from whom thty extort as much as they can, for (hewing
them the W ay, there being none hut them that know it,
becaulc it lies through iiitrKau- RycisS, till they come at
the Kivcr, which, bcinf; tonlcd, the Road Katis to A'<;-
Jar, wiiiih IS a {ireat City upon liie Dild-nt ol a Moun-
t.iiii, ui'M)n whole Top thi If is a I'ortrefs, and all the
.Mountain is cncompalled with Walls. The gicatcll Part
ot the Houll's, .1^ in .ill other Cities of ///ii/./, are thatched
With Stniw, one Story high -, but the rich Ml-iis Houfcs
.irc two Stories h.s)), and t.irralVcJ. Rou.'ul about the
L.tv aie k-vcral Poniis to be letn, winch swre formerly
cncompafl'trd wiui hewn Sioiu-, bet now are dvCay'd for
want of looking Mivr ; bill; tlu're .ir-- l^iil very fair Monu-
:nints about tiiein. 'i'lie Kivci which you pal's bclore
vou come at this City, eiuoinpill' s the Mountain like a
i'-ninlula, and, atttra long wimfingCourIc, falls into the
(mnge.'. Ar Siid-ir are ma<lc- a great Number of quilted
Covcrlef;, loine wlv.te, othiTs i'nil)roidci(.l wirhHuULis
ot Gold, S;Ik, an i Satnn. Fri)m AW.-'c you fo to /V^^r-
]hi-jcra, and to hv /"t' '■> CiOUd':nr. I'.'iis is a great
I iiy, but ill builr, as all t'v.- ofli: 1 /«./;. ■</ Cities are. It
IS IhiiIi on the ."^.di- of a Mountain that lies on the WeiV-
Udi. of It, and .»' ti'i'.' i'op IS encomiwllid with Walls and
.;nd a lower. I 1 rhe Inrloiuu- are livtral Ponds, made
^y the R.iin^. atIj which li.ey w.itcr their (irouiuls, Ibwn
■Mth Hid , and lo r.iilt- C(>inc:ioiK.',i. ;> mai:uain their Gar-
iiion ; .irid, 1 poll (li.it .'\fcouni, it r. elUemed th-" bell in
•.lie y>ii/;<'j. I poll t lie D-licnt of t!iis Hill, which looks
rowanii t!ic N<!rtli-lalK CJjii- [thiHi built an Houfe of Plca-
lure, from wluch there is a drlit^httul I'roliHct all over the
City : h I', li) (ontiivcd that it may Iitvl- for aGarrilcin.
li, ticath tit: 1 loiik- .ire to lie l;"ii leveral Idols cut out
• it the K'xks, upiLlrnfii'.i; tin- Sh.ipts of their Gods •,
jiid one of thrill i^ ot an txtMoidinary Height.

I'lii Mubiitiiiiti'Juii Prunes iiuki. ■iiisl-'ortrds ol Gotialeor
I Prilon for tlieir great Pnncis and Nobkinen that offend
ifirm. Ciia- Id-'tiK, who i. line to the Crown by foul-play,
iiipMloiii-d all ilie Ptiiices and Lords he liil('cdied to be
Maii-coniciUs, m tins t.a!'.! ■, but liillercd them all tocn-

N I. M a . 1 A I

and then there is a long Bridge built with Stone, called
^aoiilcapoul. Not far from this Bridge, they view the
Merchants Gooils, that when they come to /^gra they
may not be cheated of their Duties -, and more particu-
larly obfcrvc whether there be any Flafks of Wine among
the Calks of pickled Fruits. From this Bridge you come
to /Igra, which, from Sural, is 339 Leagues, "jiz. from
Surat to Brampour 1 j 2 Leagues, from thence to S.-ccnge
101 Leagues, and from tlicnce to /^gra lob Leagues. In
thefe two laft Stages the Country is lull ol line Fields of
Corn and Rice, being a lovely Champain, where you naect
with very little Wood, and the Villages fo thick that you
may relt when you pleafe.

7. The other Road from Stirat to Agra, through Afl^a*
dabad, lies, tirlt, through a Country full of Corn, Rice,
Millet, and Sugar-Canes ; where, having ferried over the
River which runs to Cambaya and falls into the Gulph,
you come to Barocht; which is a great City, and has a
J'ortrcfs belonging to it, but there is no Ufe made ot it at
prelent. This City is very famous for Trade, on Ac-
count of the River, which has a peculiar Qiiality to
whiten their Cottons, and which are therefore brought
from all Parts of the Mogul's Territories thither for that
End ; bcfides, here aie made great Quan'ities of Baffa's,
or long and large Pieces of Cotton, very tine and clofe
woven 1 the Price of them is from four to an hundred Rn-
You nuifl pay Cullom at Baroche tor all Goods

Fhe EngliJ}) Prefident has a very lair

pecs.

carried in and out.

Houfe in this City

In this City are a fort of Mountebanks, wlio do fl:rang,e
Tricks, viz. They will heat a Ch.un red-hot, and wind
it about their naked Uoelies ibvLial Tiuv.s, and thougli
they make as if theyfck a gie.it deal ot Pain, yet, in
truth, they receive no Harm at all : But, what is more
miraculous, they will thrull a dry Stick into the Ground,
and, in lifs than half an Hour's Time, make it a Tree
of four or five Foot high, bearing Leaves and Flowers as
in the Spring-Time. An Enghjh Miiiiller feeing this
Witchcratt, declared it unlawful to be a Spectator ot llich
Dehilions, and protetted he would not give the Comnui-
nion to any that ihoulel hereafter do it. Thefe Mounte-
banks wander up and down the Country to fhew thele
Trieks, with their Wives and Children, and get a Liveli-
hood tiy it.

Tho'ie wio are curious to fee Cambaya, leave the dirci-T:
Roae!, whicli goes to Broudra, and pals through that City,
which is i.ct alWe tour or live Leagues out ot the\Vay,and
is the faier Koad. Cambaya is a great City at the Butt>.>.Ti
of the Gu![di, on the South of it ; it lies in the Pro-
vince of GuZi>\i:, and though it be not fo popular as
Sura!, it is as big again. It has very fair Wills about
it four I'athoms high, and Towers ftand::g at a certain
Dillance. The Streets of it are large, and hi.ive all Gates
at each Eml, which are fhut every Night. The Houfes
arc very high, and built of Bricks, dried in the Sun, and
were once lurnilhed very richly after the Pcrtuguefe M,in-
ner, but now many of them tall to Decay. Here it is that
they fhape thofe fair Asat.s, tliat come from Ind-a, into
Cups, Hafts of Knives, BeaJ.>, and other WoikmanlhiiJ.
Thefe Agates are fetched out of a (juarry, by a Viliago
called Mutodra, tour I -eagues from Ctmtuiy::, in Pieces as
big as a Man's Fill. The Shops here are ilored witli aro-
matick Perfumes, Spices, Silken, and other StulYs. Molt
Part of the Inhabitants are Banjans and Kappcuts. The
Cai\le, where the Governor refides, is large, but not
10 B very

■|.

'>'( I

1 'i*

K^^^jthc' JL .•l>\U R'-ifi/s of Iiuli.i, p.j(^j^ r

i.i^'

[t -'.

IT ■«

vfry leaiififul. T!urr arcfo many Moiilv;v<. in fhf I'vwn
ih.u loiiKtinK-s thi- Moiiffs arr toverc^i witli ihcm, ajul
tiny pfttn do Mililiict" i:» thr Strcfts, ly tliiowin-- Jowu
liu!> Ihings as tluy tin.l uinin the Roots. Hk Out lulf^
ot" the lown arc iHautiikvl by ■» prrai tiiary fair puMiik
(Janii-nt. Hire is J nurWo Scpuklire, raiiid hy a Knij;
of GuzMraf, in Honour ot a (.loviintir t>t tins City, Init ir
is liaay'tl : it contains time Courts, anJ, in oiu- ol thcin
arc Irvcral I'orphyry I'i.l.iis.

Anciently, in this City, thrrc v. as an 1 lofpital tor fiik
Ik-alU, luit' there are only Ki;nsol it ni)W. The Suburbs
are ahiinit as bift as the lHwn, and in thtin they make
InJigo of the laire Nat\irc as that ot Sarjur/f. It was
famous tor Tra:V;ck wh<i) the reriugiuzf lioimlheil m In-
d-a, but now the Tra*ic is ahuoll loit, iK-caulc the S.a
tliat onci cam? up fo near il.o Town, that little Vcirds
could ancl;or by it, is now Ixrome halt a l/,aj;-.jc Ji-
llmt from it, an.i near tiie Cuall is I'l Ihaiiow, iliat [:reat
Ships can conu- no nearer than tiiree or tour Leagues.
Thtrc are f^ieat Niin,Urs of iVaoKks in the InJits, et"-
j-icialiy in tiu Terrirorirs ot Bjrad<(, 0)ml,i)a,i\\d Bitii-
<:>.; 1 anil in th;- I'>ay-tiinr they walk aU'Ut the l-ields, but
at Nij^ht n« ll ujK.n the Tree'. : The Hefli ul the yoim^
ones aie white, and wvll-tartid. In thote Parts whue
the .\kl'a!n>;itJan.' govciii, yiui may latch thtm without
Difficulty i but in thofe Fiai\s where there are Idniatrous
Kaiahs MalU ts it is v,-ry d.inpeious to kill tiittn, or any
orher Bird or Ar.imaii i^n the Ihifijam count it Sacrilege,
an.', will fcverely p.inin> any tliry can Itiie: Tiry whtppM
a Prtii.iH Mcrclunt to I)<.aih, .n.J took all las Sloi.cy, to
I'.e X'alue <A ^cO,ixo l\u/x<u for Ihootmg a I'eaco^k.

Ironi C<iiii'J)J you go lhr^KJ};h .1 little \ illai^e, where
there is a I'agod, where the Irui.iH Ci>uit;za;i> make their
t^ftVrings i and aimn'.j^divf!! naked hiuges tliere ir< one
tl-.at rcleniblts Jftuc, wiiii his i'rivy. parts unctjvt-red.
The yt.u.'ij; Ciitls, s^ho aie trained up to this vsitkcd Art
|iv the old Courtiians, wh-.i tliiy are eleven or twelve
Years old, furrcndtr tlimilVIves v;p to tliii Idol, Ixlicsnng
that it Will bring thtm gtxxi lortunc. And about tix
Leagi.-s f.irther yuu corr.e to Ci-iiaiad, which is one of
the fairtt^ Htufis of the CJreat Mogul, btinj^: in a wide
Ii.cl.jfu-r, s»h"r'in he has v.iR Ctardcrs and lari;e I'onds,
V. '\ .'.II t!-.r I'lcal'ures and Cuiioiitics wlicreot the (icnus
ot ti.e /■..'..»?< was lapa'iiif. .■\ji-i tronr this I'lacc \o\i
travii to Jnta.Ltia:, to which City you come from linu-
dru by yrri.i.'f.

S. .!i;.a,'.,iha!, wl.uh is ;>r(>bably ilie .itn.uiitijlii of
.•'tnar, is ligi.ty-two 1.4a{;i:;s Jroin 5tir.>/, and lies in 23
n^^rir^ and fon.e Mii.u'.c.- ot N. Ijt. It ii iMi't 111 a
! v'ily I'lai-, watered by a i.ult liivcr, Cille>l S,2i raaiftij^
\\ .ith ii n.jt vcy lUrji, but Ivfll.s i.r>i('.i{i;.,-r.ly jy ttrc
Kiir<. \Vi(l;t)ut tij': Town aic many lart;: Ciai.iens in-
1 .'.;;-J ^sith Hr.ik-Aali-s andevtiy o:k- ol rh in have a
l:i,-.d of i'.ivilitou at the- I'juiy ; Hy tncin th:re is a Ket'ct'
V iraiy ot W .Iter, \v!ii«.h has in iltc Midil v\ a a lovely
(iirdcn, cij:'.ty Pa.ts fiuai'-, inio whu.i o.". • rnt' is <t\Tr
a B:i.i{i«-- fwir hiiU.rrd I'acev K<u; , and at tlic J-.iul ot tiic
f.anun .oir ]ii'Ty osiA'tniint I ;c>:gin;;s. Near lb<-le you
he n-any lit.i.it , vhidi trakt a kind ol lajs^e VjiJag'*,

and a great ri'.at.y 1 (.ir.!>s, r dijkrt; liy wc;

From

hrnci! ycu {,.a/^ tlui ujjh a Sue."!, v^huh ltA.I» you into ti
ii.to I lie town, ssliiih is ii cit^fal v. uh .'ito;.e and Brick-
wal's, which, ..r iei:.i;i; Uiilancr, arc lia'ikrd with gnat
nu't! lowers and Hatilua.i.ts ju cjvci : It li.,ih twelve
(ia;.S ar.d is aimut a l.fa^-,ue a.nl .iO Iiall 111 L-iigtii, it
). ■; laUe in thr Suiurb>.

AH tlie Stri ::s arv wiJc, at,: il.e Miulniis four hun-
I'.r ' Vi.iC. in Brt-idth, am! fvcn han<!red in L-!n(;th,
w;:ii Trees iLnte<!on aliSri". Ihc tiate of thr Calllc
1' on ti,: V, (H-i: 't, and ih.rcajc lix «ir lev-.n i'leies ol
Cannon mounted. In rht Market plate aii- the Tr.bu-
•a!' lor the Couteva!, t,r uin,in.il J.K't;e ; and iu the Midll
IS a v-.-y k\^l: Ttc, which Iw, a ILil hjtt-d on tin- lop
1.: it, tor thole toV.t who rxtr>.it.- tlietnl iv, s hy ihc.iirp;
V.,'', H jWs iud Arrowr.. Ti.is talile i<. wallid alitot with
f/,o,jvi Walls, of 1 ir"-no(,e, a.id is as ipjti'uis as a little

'li.wn. Niar tbe MciJ.ui u a Uigc J'a'air btloPf^uii', to
t .<• King, winch Jai ovci the Gate a hr^r Uai<;<.:.y tor lUc
MJ!..un:, whoj'.iy i}.';rc cvci, I'lxllC-y... It.'e .Apa::-

nu-iits are a^lorncd with Gold Painting', 'ihr kii'i/h r
tory IS in the Middle of the Town, it' ^i hvII teVt, i ']
hath v( ry t.iir Courts, iheir Warrlioin, .-. ,.' ' ' T
full ot Uoths liom UhtTAv.d I)d.\, vs,t!iwh.ciul,vT
a i.;reat I'rade. ' ""^'^'

But .he T.ade otjh« Citv „ in .Si'k SttifTs, M.npin,,,,,
Gold, .Silver, .uui.Silkj liut With w„o'l<-n t.rrumi^ s,!?
petre, Ginoir candi. d and raw ; Lu, Cunimi ' UDmm
Tamarinds, MiraUilans, and H.it Im'ifo: There in m
Molquei urcat and fmall in it, kit that whicii'j, rZ'\
Jiiina iiK-l!;id, or l)U:y< yi.Uy.K, beci-ifc all the dev.,i,
IVopK- ol tin- Town ili,,;k together on tlvit Day, is tf,,
chit till and taiull. It hath a large Iquiirc CloilV'r tw'
line Cafs. with hijih Stteplf, liom whmce thr Mut'/im"
or Beadles ot tlic Muli;ii';, i.i'l the People to P.avers. |'
hath fcveral Homrs, aivl tW') Minarets, and 'tis paved Vti'
Marble, lo tliat all to^cth r 'tis a pleai.mt Sight. |t jj in'
habited by m.uiy I IiMthms, as well as \:obamm.-J^f.^ w|„>
have their Pagods or U\>\ i'empKs tiierr.

Pile Pagod <d San.iJiis w.is ihi- eliief Ix'iore /Ikr/m'.
zth converted it into a Molijue. It luth three Ccuirtl"
paved with Marble, and eim.miwiKd with (Tallcrir-, •
and into the thud none nniik entu, till tliev luvpiHilIrl
oil' their .Shws •, the Inlide i^ lul^rn d with Mo.uck Work
and .\p,ates ot diV( rs Colours. In it are It viial .Scipulrhris
ot the aiuitiu idolatrous Kings, of Maauk Work, v»|ik|i
look hkf little Chapels I but thi- loniboi Cl\talcm,*\\nm
the hii.ani lepirt to have btrn a Magician, but the Mt-
IitmmfJ.ins believe him to have bctn a pnar .S.imt, n riKjll
honoured, king daily vilit .-li by a (^••(•.it many out of Uevo-
tio!i. 'Piie IiJ>:ja'i) have a gieat Vi-nt-ration lor Apes, an,|
tiiere are tome that breed them up m tiieir Pagodstowor-
lliip, ami it any one kill any oi tht-m, foniplain ot it ,« \
great In)Utlice. llurc arc three or tour Hol| r.ils trr
Cows, Oxer, C.uneh, Apes, and Buds, and o!:,.r lick
and maimed Br .ill v, wiiertr they are looked ahrr. ,ind wdl
ltd. They buy tluin trom Cbrijlnins ;inii iV/.^rj, to
tit liver them, as they lay, from the CioeUy of IrihileK,
and if thty are incurable, they keep ihcm tuere as icni^ as
they live \ but it they recover, they fell them to (i-hilln,
antl none eh'e. This is alio very remarkahlt-, tt.^t evi-rv
'I'krlry aiul Iridity, all tiie Apes in tli;- i. o'.;ntry .u! »in;no,
comt into the CVy, and he- upon the Pops ol Hoult-,
during tlie excellive Meats. l'|Hint:ieie i^avs the I'eonle
never faJ lo let rca«ly in thrir I errair::?, Kier, MilJct,
.Siig.r- canes, and tiich like thin};$ , tor it they do not lind
Provd'u>!n, they will brcik tiieir lilts, and do a if,rcai dt.il
of MiKhitf.

AUmh .ImnJ.'.ku are ^ grtai mar:y lorrft«, where they
catch Paiithir, whuli t.hey tame, an.ii tend to the Kir;;;
lor his hu.itii g. liom hence you go to I'liiijiii, and lij hv
AUJ/'ina to H<itf»ur, a very jvjtni Town, lo callc\l trom
a loit ot paintetl C'alu.utv, cuil'vl Chn tzrs, matic.and lo.M
lure. I'hry l(..ve an Art here ( t tain.ii:; laons, by tyin;
th'-m in a l.irg- Plain, ami making; thtin a .Sptit to the
I'toj If. I lerraUiuts it 15 toiti.'r.rai r > nitit the CtMiipanics
ot It-jitiri, or Mch.-.mnitUiin IVtvi. ci. '1 hey have a Su-
jxrior, and lome .\Hillant^. who have ti,me Cliaths l>eiter
than the fell, wa. Ionic b.lls ol Calicut alxnit their Mi.l-
lil. s, to covtr their piivy I'arts, .v. A 7 I'yizer's Sh.in alnjiit
their .ShtMiMers i kit t.'ie rell h.ive only a Ci.rl torthur
Giriiic, ^^A a little P>!t ot Calimt t;il!eix\! to it to cover
their Privities. '1 lieir I lair is tietl .ihout iheu i lead like
a i'urtiatit, and they arc aimed Mitli ttt.>ws. A' lows, and
Mulkcis, H.iilpikes, tV. When t.'iey tiavtl, tliey cany
their l.U)|^yagc, which i» fome I lou!)iol.l lb::!, uiul ,1 j:rctty
miry Auil\.i» and I'trfutn Bocks on Oxen. \\n(!i thry
tonic to any Plate, ihe >u|xrii;r lends lurne ot tiis Crew a
liegging into t!ie Towns ai.d \'ill,i(vs, .i;k1 what Aims they
j.et IS prtlently dillrilnitetl equally among them, everyone
1)1 them lai.iiigt arr to l>oil his own kite, ..nd what isover
and a!x-ve, t ley givr to t'n- Ptwr in 11. e r vening ; !>r they
rcierve tiotliing Jor next l>ay. Iron. ' ittpeur yo;i pals
thiuuglr iit.itmpik>, and Iu tlinnigii D.titJnvr aiui lljr-

■| his lown IS m the Territories of a Kai.ih, to whom
you iiuill pay (un.e I'lities, anil all the Way througii their
Cotnitiits aie dangerous to Ix: tiavelleil, bccaulc the K.ijahs
live alioii< tljci upon Kobbcncj, and tliticlorc luilcli yju

h;rc

Chap. II.

from J. n. T A V [•; r n i e

R.'

83*

l!'Ollt thdl )|f.,.l likr

hire many Propic for a Giianl, you will ro near to Ii.ivr
vour Throat cut-, tor there is no Likilihood o|'i'r.,\|.iiiu;
tlitll- Frce-booters. From tlunrc the Way lies tlirotmh'
IVmal and Mtdra to Cbalaaur, an anricnt Town upon u
Mountain, cncompalicd wiih Wails, ami very tlilluiijt to
come to. There is a l-akt uiran the Top ol' ihr Moun-
tain, and anotlier ixluw, and between them Ym tiii! Uoiul
10 the Town. From Chnlaour you pafs on to Caiiu/', Set-
/ii/w, Palavafaney, and Pi[>as, to DitMliver, troin whi-nte
10 Mirda, is three Days Journey, being a ninuiuainout
Country, and belongs to Kajahs, or petty I'linics, who pay
Tribute to the Great Mogul ; but in HMomiH'iuc ol it,
the Great Mogul gives them Coinmamls in his Aimy,
which alVorJi them large Appointments. Minlit is a ijreat
City, but ill built.

1 his City having offended the King's Sifler, liet;im tlie
Will- «)t Cha- Ell-Kan, in not waiting on her, ami n\»king
her a Piefent on iier Journey through that I'lace, wlipu llic
went to marry her D.iughtcr to Sultan Sujitb., Ihe let lnolp
two hundred F.leplunts, wiio tore down their Trce^, and
did then) incrcdibli: Milthief. From Mirda the Road Ins
through Borondoy Cofiil'ic/, Bamkr, Sonmry, Luikmi,
Cbajoii, Nouiilt, and Uimioo, to luiiiiaiia. 'Ihtfi- two lull
Towns, are famous for Indigoe Laivc, whith is round, and
being the Ih.iI of all the Indigocs, is double the Price, /',/■
tiipour, a Town famous for weaving Woollen I Jangiiigs n
the next Town, and from tluncc you go thrciUy to ./ijrrt,
to which from Hurat is four hundred and liltctn l.eagurv,
and thirty-three Days Journey, if they could be eqiMlly
divided i but bccaufe you ftay in fome PLic<s, it uUially
takes up thiriy-tive or forty Dayu.

From Candabar there are two Ways to ./nr,*, ciil\it
through Cabouly or Multan; the latter is the Ihoitrr by irn
Days Journey ; but the Caravan never goes ihat S\ ay, bi •
cauVe it lies aliaoll all through the Dclarts, where lluic 11
no Water to be nut with for three or four Days togi>ih(i,
ib tliat their moll ordinary and bcitcn Koail is ihiuugii (."(
boul. Now ironi Candabar to CaLu! is tweniy-four Days
Jouinry, and from thence to Laior twenty-two j luiin
Lahr to Ddh; or Gebandat, eigliteen, and from tlienu-
to yh^fu fix, wliici* With the lixty D.iys Jouri.ey from /'/>,|.
ban to I'.nih'ii, and twenty iiom kirnia to Cin.Liii,!);
makes in ail Ironi l/pidwi to - A'r.j one luindivd and liiiv
Days Journey ; biit the Meieliai.ts thar ate in h.ulc iid.'
tiirce or lour in a Company upon llorfes, aiul liinlli it 1,1
fixty or lixty-tour Days at mull.

Miihin las in 29' 40' Noith Latitude, uiul is thi'f.l-
pital J'ownof the Province of tlie f.iine Name, tim' loiiu'
(itii!;rai'hers p'.aic it in the Province ot Suide. If hath
many Towns ilependant ujion it, as C<;z./.jr, or Cir,!,ii\
OjuJaviI, Siiudur, and others. In tins City aie m.ide a vail
(Jii.intity ot l.iiHun Calicuts, tor wliich heretoldic thiir
was a very great Traiie, Ix-caule it i.ot being in trom the-
River Jndii.-, they could eafily tranlport theiw to V,//it,
where tiie M'Tciianf. of fever.'! L ountries bought tlu lu up k
but kc.iule of Lite the Channel ot t!ie kivcr is l,H)ilrvl in
tome PI.1CCS, and the Mouth is quite Hopped up wllli
-Sands, till y aie toiced to lend all thi ir (ioods to ./<'.', .ind
(<) to Stoii.', which to iniuiiies tlie Price by the i aiii.ig-',
that liic M-rcliaius do 1 ot care to deal in tluin ■, by which
means the Tr-ule is nnicli lelleaed there, aiui the Workmen
have liclerted the City, lb that the King's Revenues aiC
mueh leilencd in thok Piovineet : Yi t theie is a finall 'Tuide
tor Su!;ar, Opuiin, Brin.llune, (ialls, and Caiiieb, wiiitli
are tr.uil'poiteJ inio /V)//.i, (i'"'.'.'.'.<, ('..nulihr, ainI llie /»
dui, by LiIj.i. It lumillus iK.iuJt.ui with the lined Hows
that .ire to be feeii 1:1 it ; and hi n- aie bred the great Niliii'
ber ut Danceisot both Se.xc:, that fpre.id thcmll Ives all over
J'frji,!.

'The Commander and OlFiars ot tiiis T(jwn are Xlpbi^m-
nedam, and confequenily it may be liipi'oUd that moll
Paits ol the Iniiabitants aie of the lamt Keligion \ yet IJieir
are a great many IJiinjiins, who come to trade, am excK Hi'
their Aits, .ind Brokage, and Ulury, in which they nuii h
outdo the Jids; for tiny arc lb watJdul and luniung,
that no Opi intunity ol (iain llips tlieiii ; ai.d tin y li.iv.- In
wound theiiikives in .ill !?ulinels ili.it hardly any b.w'y can
be without them. 'l'h<-y take Comiinllioiis i I all kinds,
and though it be known tliat they make 4 I'loni ol evciy

lliiM|.% yrt the Merchant"; chiife to make ufe of tii?rn, ra-
ther than do their Hulinds theml'elvcs > for they will buy
> henprr and better than any Man ran for himklf. They
nrr of ,\ pirdlant Ifumovir, liiul nfiifc no Service, whethei-
honourable or bafc.'anil are always ready to fatisfy tliolt:
that employ tlicm i ai^d thcrefoit every one has his Baiijnii
in file hdif.', and foine Pcrfons df ciii^lity entruft them
with ail rhtiy have, thr.ugh they a!-e not ignorant of their
ny|Huriiy and Avarice, 1 i;.- rivheft MeicHants of the
Mux arc of this Clafs, or Tribe. They are commonly
very jralou-. of their Wives who ate fairer than the Men,
tliough ot a bro\Vn Compkxion, and loVe to paint. They
h.ivr a iMrtirular Law ainongfl: them, whicli permits them
to rat I'owl upon certain Days of tlic Year, aiid to h.-tv<j
one Wile among two or three Brothers, and the eldefl: ot*
them is arrountcd tlie T'ather of the Children begotten
among them.

0. From Ciindnhiir ymi travel to C.!.\irif,ifar, and then
tiirough /.fiildtt, Belazy, Mczour, and Cuiuvai, to Cba-
kcHhoiitc, which is a frontier 'Town of the Indies, and the
foiititry about it under the Command ot fcveral Princes
that acknowledge the /'<•/?« Fmpcror. From this City ti>
Cithiil is tony I, e agues and in the wliolc Journey there is
but three pitiful N'lllagis where you can rarely get Bread
and Barley lor your Morlis, and thtretoie you muft carry
Provilions for yourfelf

In tlu Months of Jnly and /iii^ufl tiiere blows an hot
Wind in thdc Parts, thai rak. s away a Man's Bicath, and
kills him upon the Place. It is the liime wi:h that which
blows abi.ut Babylon and Afouffu! at certain Seafons. In
this Road ibvclls a certain i'eople called Augans, towarels
tlie Mountains of Bahh -, ihcy are a luirdy Ibit of People,
and p,reit Uobbers in the Night-time. 'Thelc Pio!;!e, lS
the tell of the Indians, have a Culloin to cleanle and Icr.ice
lluir 'Tongues every Morning with a crouktd Piece of a
Koot, whuh caufes them to void a great Quantity of
I'lilegiii a:id Kheuin, Init not to vomit, as it doih the otiitr
UuiiiUi! i neverthelefs, wlien they come to eat, as foon as
they liave f wallowed two or three Bits their I.ungs begin
to bvell, i'ikI they are ronflrained to go forth and vomit }
alter whicli they rrturo again to their Viduals witii a very
good Appe;ite; (lioiild they not do fo, tluy would nor liva
al'iive llnrty Y'eais and beiidcs, would be tiouLled witli ;!
Dioply,

Cfhitl is a large City, the Metropolis of the Province r f
Ot,'€ii!ijl>>ii, or Citboid, .ind hath two Cal'rles wtll furtified ;
and biraule feveral Kings iiave held their Court.- tliere, and
tliany Princes have ha,; it lucceir.vely lor their Portion,
there are a great many Palaces in it. It iies in 33° of
North l.atitueic, the Mour.t.iir,s about it[/rui!u."e Plenty of
Mirabolans, wiiich from tlicnce the Faft>.in People called
(!:iiu!y, Icviial liirrs of Drugs, and tome Si)ices, with
which the iron Mints in them yield a great Profit to
the Iniiabitants. In this 'Town they maintain a great Tratle
with liitl.iiy, the Cour::ry of the Ujbfiks, and the Indies.
Ihe Vihi'iks alone liil yearly in tkis 'Town above fixty
ihoufind I lorfe.., and the l'i-r/i.vL\ bring hither great Num-
bcts ol Sheep, and other Cattle, by which means they are
imich eniiihed. Wine is to br had, and Provifions arc
(heap, though the Country aliout it is but cok! and barren,
Ulilcis in liime Places, which are Iheltered by the Moun-
laini, being rendered a little more fruiiiul, by the t>v(,i Ri-
vets that water it, and which have their Source in tiie
Mount nils.

Itom this Province cfpecially come the large Guics, of
whuh they make 1 lalberds and Lances, and they have
many tirounds plantetl with them. Th.e Iniiabitants of
the City and Province ate molt of tlicni Heathens, and
thertlote in all 'I'owns and Villages are many Pagods.
'I Ify nckon the Montlis by the Moons, .iiu! with great

Pivotum celelirate the Feall lailed

l/ciily, wl'ich lafts two

Day. at the lull Moon in b'.hiuDy. At this Featt, they
are all i loathed in a I'aik red, and alter 1' ey W.wc prayed
111 the T-mpIc, and m.ide Oblations, they f(iend the reil
ot the 'Time in nancng, by Companies, in the Streets, to
ihi Sound ot 'Tiumpet , vifiting their Friends and eating
logiilur, cveiy Tiitc by itlelt. 'The Git jt Mogul's Re-
vinue tKiii till' Couiifiy, i» four or five .Millions yearly.

From

\a\

U lii

' . i '*

l#^::H.

l%\^\:.

d. ilk if . f ■•. '

I rom (.!■.•.-. tlir Rti.l Ih-n tlii(>unh /i ■ •, .■. A;«ic'<»,

a City iitiiatc uimh^ 4 Point ul I jiul, \slicrr two Rivers
rvret to7,iilirr. It is oi\r I'f the Ix-ll .uul lliungcll (i.milon'i
ihr (irrat M(>r,ul lu , aiul miScranjvt in ix-rmittril to niter

"^i''', iiook I.

no , to /Vi'.v, (.r Cflanei/.iJ. Tins City i<; a Ijirrr i'|j, ,
arul llaiuls iKir the River (ie.nma, whuii ruii,s on Iwdi .>M,'i'!*
ol it V and alter it lias oailed .i^,a .u.a Aj../««f, ,,„.,,''
?'•<• " '» diviicil into three P.nt!, ,',r

itii It into the Cangi

.,„ ,,,._ _,_ „ , TnWDv. 'Iheliill is alinolt int;rc!v iviluvi,

into it witlioiit a I'ahjMU tioin thr King, I'roni heme you tituni lay it is very ancient, anl that it waj the i iiit'ii
jul's tu Ci.'.»/./>f-, aiul I I to A'»t</>.i.V, iou'.'po.t, \Vrfl/jv, Citv «t the States of Kini; i'crui, who oppofeii !/,«
Zfrjhj.i, ami Imi.i/>ati, to /..iA*», Thii Lity is the Me- axdrr tht (irtat. The liuiians lay it had lilty-two luJis"

^^••••"••••j - "» ' • - "— -'-/ - —

iroivli- of a Kir,Rdotii, Innlt iipm tht Rivrr A'jf.r, whieh
is onv of the live Rivera, whu !i d( I'lTiulinj; Imin the Moun-
tains, l\vell the River In.iu), and ^ive the N-iri.- ot Pfuiai't
or Fivf liiif's, to all the Ri|;ion thry run tlnv n[;h.

It lies in 31* 50'-. the Rivei havmna very llat Cliannel,
is talKn ofl" IroMi the Town alvivc a I .e aj^ue, .\(m\ Ikhih
lulijeik to osvrflow, i'uks a ^reat ileal of Nlifdiit in the
Country. The City is large, and rxtciuU itMl alv>ve a
I.eap\ie in l.en|;th It was a very praty I'lui wlun the
Kn^s ke} t their Ci)iiris thiie, having iiianv Mol>|ues
}'.ib!uk Bat!i.s C.irav.inleia's., Squaies I anquev, I'.iJaies
Mill (i.irdcni i but all thefe, with the |;ieatcU I'ait of the
I loufes, are fallen to Ruin, by lealon el the <x»illive R uns,
which have walhed ilown many ot them. The Culic re-
mains flil!, ft-r it is lUonjjiy built, li hath twelve tiates,
tliree towards the t itv, and nine tuwaids tlie ( I'Untry, ,tnd
the Palaee which is w:thin it, h.u not yet loll its IVauty.
IhwTe are a I'reat nuny I'lchiies ujion the Walls, reprc-
'tnting the Actions ut the lirtat Nlo|\ul, and hn I oie-
tjtlurs, all |-'n)!nifiuo(iny juintev! ; ami on one ti.iti is the
I'niture of a Crucifix, anil on ani.iliei the Vnmn ^/«l».•v, not
out of .tny Kiiulnels m the LhiiUiau Rcli(^iun, fm; to ilaiicr
the rirtii^Hrzf.

The Inliabitaiits arc mill ol thrni (iVw/i.'ct, an«| lii there
arc many I'ajjods m the lowi', ol wlmh fume are ailorned
well, and ail arc railed Icven or tight .Steps tiuin the
(iroiind. The I'tovincc about it is one ol tlie larj;rll and
mod plentiful in the Indui, tiic Rivets that tun tliinugh it
ridtii-.g It iVioll Irrtilc in Rk(, Coin, anil biuits. I'he
\Vi:-.c alto i.s pitrtty jjoos*. and tlie Su^.us the Kll of ail
I'dcftan. All lbit> of p.unted Cloths, and other !nJ.iJH
Manulaclurrs, are wroiijjht Sire, and it is laid that this
IVovinic yseld-s tlic Mogul a Riveiuie ot thiity icvtn .Mil-
lions yearly, whiili'.s a i'rwjl ul us j'.reat luilc and I luit-
fulnel.. tio:ii I^ilcr to ./^'cj there .s ore i.iiniinued \\ alk
of Trci<, eal'td .Acliy '1 rces whi> '1 'Mve long an i ti.ak
Urinthcs, whuh cover t!ie whole ^S ay, ihui.gli tlicli:
C.ties tx- one hundred a;vd liity Ixagues ditlai.t one lioin
the «hcr. It was planted I y King 6V/sj>fj;j,M, luit is not
kept up.

At Jr.KujJdr, a Town in tins I'ldvuue, is a I onvrnt tA
CtaitiU.', V ho are called \.iniaj , thry have .1 (lennal,
I'mvincial, an,! ot'ier .Su|xruiis, .in,l l.iy, thai it is al«ive
two thoufaiid Years fiiui ih<y weir loumluU thry vow
CMxrdieme. Challity, and Tovetty, 1 lny uiwy the I. all
Sigiul of their j5uj)crior«, mu\ will not look a Maid or W'n-
;,'.an in the Fate. I'l.ey t.\< on Alms, whu h is l)rp,(>ed
'or tiirni every Day at liir 1 1 uiis ot tiie (itntiia ot t.teir
1 nbes, .ind will kave iic.ti.n.g till llu- Moriow. Tliey
make Dut one Meal a IX.y, a!U that is alxjui Noon \ aiul
tj.ough thry arc rtvet :o thinly, or hungry, mull not rat
;:t;r irmk tili the L.-rc t.irie tli- m xt Day.

Tiiiy wear notii.i.'t.' of. their Uuiln s, |.ut a Cioth to < over
fiieir privy Pa:t , w!-,. 1. li.iy biuij', up uvir t;ieir ll'ai's,
i.kca Wc.T.rtti'.' Coll. I hr niam I'oint ol thi.i Inllitutioii
;•-. not to do nioth-r what li.ty sser.ld i.ot ji.isc i/iiii ij to
ic, ;. then; , and t?icy obJrivr it even in the ll-alb, which
:h<c A 1' i.tser kill. It any l>ody Uat ihiiii, il,. y do not
. ' <i\, and il i'.' s .ire revi'rd, they make no Ahlwer.
'1 . ry iinploy ti.e.i,:. i.-<s wholly in I'laytn, and l<<a.!i. i;i
!'• lu < ' '.i.e the D.y with the Sun lit \ lot ihfv nrvrr
;.ght a C ardie It any break ihrii Onlcis, |,e is li v.-rrly
n.ji.lTiM.: i and ii ii.ry break iluir \'ow o| CIt.idiiy, thry
.^.e txp' ilu!. '1 l.cy have above ten ihout.ind Moiwltnies
m :'v !niiu-i. 's<-n.e of theni think 11 IuiIh imt to Worllnp
(»k! in "•pint, ».ii: have no Iilnis, 01 J'agixf. I'litir ate
y.l) Il 1 ii.uuj Nuns ot the Uuie Ordei, who livi vity
. X- n-.j lary

lu. lioin J.ibir t;;p Way hes by ,\t(»>ti-ka>i, l.ity
r,b:.i, : irr, dakan, i>(iii i/.h'sur, .*>>'« ,.'ii»r(»<, .Vrf/w./c, .Sff, /•

<n»(/<-r tbt (ireat. The Imiians lay it had I

and till re are llill rem.unir.g a long titom- Brulge, iir,,!
a Way, with lovely Irecs leading to the liiiinu' Iov,||
by the .Sepvikhrc ot Cki HutUiiyti. 1 i.c- tiei-iul 'lo^ i
W.IS at the Conijuell ot it, beautitie>l wiiii many li.iuly Jjc'!
pull hres ol the I'ntnn King', and other Monua'ients, wlin.1,
rrni'.ercd it a very lovi ly I'lace ; but i:ba-'J.hiin, tlie pj
tiier of //«w/(i;7c/' ilic prelmt Kin^, demnlilhcd it, and leu
notiiing but a I'yranmi, or Uklitk ot .Srune, whicli, by i-,
unknown Clurat'teri, (hisvs a great /\ntK]uuv.

I'hc thud lown is joined to the Ruins ot the lieonii
and w.n built by (.bj-'JtioH iiit ot the Rums ;;t it, and Irorri
him It h.id Its N.ime of (lilun M.iJ. Thu (,.ity lies in a;,
open Clumpaiii, upon the B.ink ot the River (Junmi, m,:
IS encoiri'alUd witli a linglt Wall. All the Houle, even i,;
private Ml nronlillot gie.it I ncloturi', in the nii.illoi whicii
IS a ri.iie tor I iHigirgs. I lie tireatell I'ait ot liie l..i|..\
have thi ir i luulis without the City, t >r the I oi.v;nieiKv ot
Water •, ti>.' the King ttiuletli to keep his Court here ratiicr
than at .■<gra, for the tame Conveniricy. As you entn
into liuandiiiiiHiom J)el:i\\ yen lomc into a li.'iii; and Luai.l
.Strrii, whicli has N'ault on eatli Suit, where the Mirch.ints
keep tlieir Shops. The. Stiett ends in the ;iri,it l'u/./j.
svliere tlir Ki^);'> I'al.ice ll.iiuls. Tlu re is aiiotlier .Stier
which i ads up to the Kin);'. P.il.iie, where the Mtrclun:
live, wiio keep 1.0 Shops: The loitreK ol it n luii 4
League in Circuit, and has gooii W.ilb, s*it!> loun.i lown ,
in their., and Ditchts alxiiit tlicm lull ol W.uer. Th'
King's I'alaie, where are .ill the l'.nli!',ns ot Roy.iiiy, is m
this I'ort. I here is a I'lace by the Watcr-iiile tur tiie
lighting ot l-.ieph;uits, and (.ihir I'.xerciks. liieK;im\
I'alaie is enconipalud with Walls ot tair red-cut Siuiie,
with Hattiemer.ts.

'I he Ciatc and IJrfl Court have nothinj^ of Mat^nifu-mee,
for the grrat Lords may enter into it with th-.-;r Kle|ii„mfs.
Out (■! t.h.s Court you go t!ir(.i,;',h a i'jng and large Palf.ige,
witli la.r I'vjrtito'b on l>oth Sides, into a great Court, where
the Omrah'-, i.e. the gnat la;rdsut tlie Kingdom, kiep
(iiLird in Peilon, havrig their IxKigings round alviut the
Court, anil their I lories tied at the Doors. From ihi.
Uiond Court you j.iU : 10 a third, through a gnat I'niri:,
whtre on the iii;e Su'.i is the Mogiii's Wardiobe, out 0!
which he billows the Calaat, or whole i labit ot a Mi;i.
wimh he gives to ai.y Stranger, or Subject, in Honour ro
them. I'lie next is tiie I'lace where tl'.e Drums Irumiiits,
ai d llautlxjys are laid, wlucli are lounded when ihe King
giK-s ujwn the Judgment Seat, and right torward is the
Divan, where the K.i.g gives Audience and .S<ntinre. In
the Middle oi tiie Hail is the 1 hione, where tiie Kn.i', fits,
rrrO'lrd ujion a kind ot a Iht-jrie. It has a little bed, with
lour Coiuir.ns, a Canopy, Baik piece, Ikjlller, and Coun-
ttr|xiin(, all embruiiiercd wiili Diamonds, and sovered wiiii
.1 Clotli ot (iokl sshm the Kii.g tits on it. Beiow the
'II. rone is a I'lai e twenty-tour I'm t Ujuare, ertuinpalled
with riah.lieii, loir.ctiii.rs ot Silver, :ind at C'liur limes
tiold I'lates. At the ti.u; Corners ot it lit ttie lour Seue
lanes ol State, who are the only Aovocatcs in all Cauliv

M.-.;.y lajiils U.trid by the Baiuili j.'.-, and tome ot t!..*
great' It, with his Chiliiim, llan.i by the I hrone. V\'lii!e
the King is on his Throne, none may I'n oi;t ot the I'j
lare, nor any that have Hi.ln.cfs eoine ne.irer tlian tiie
Cha: cilm rh. MuUiicol thi Comt, till tiiey arecal.'t.li no,
i.ut jMuUilVadots ttiemlclves. liom the Divan the King
I'alfrs over a I err.ih, w!i! \r the River is to be |;en, info the
/Litiim. L pon the Ictt 1\m,i\ ot the Court itaiuis a little
Molijue i.tatly built, Witl. a Cu|.olii lovcnd with I.eail,
|>eitfi'lly gilt. Hiiiicr ri.e Kuj gus every D.iy to liear
I'layii'., ' x.ipt !tiJj\s, when he giKs to the great M lijuf,
which 1'.. a vrty tair one, and railed alxvve the I loule, ot the
City. Oil the right Sidi- of the Court arc the King's Su-
blet, whiih aic lull of ifaidy llotles, the worll ol whuli
Hands ilij King ai ihr .c tlioutan I Ctowns, aiul lome 10. i

l: !l

Chap. II.

from J. B. T A V E R N I E R.

833

tliirs^of Mac-nif^oncr,

tin thoulaml. On the River the King has fcvcral fmall Bri- loved, and whofe Death had almoft coft him his Life. Ic

Hanti.KS to take h.s 1 kalure in. was l.uilt by the mod able Architcfts of the Mia,

!• roni DiblyyoM travel to Badelpoura, and fo by Pel- wliom the King called together in a Council to contrive it.

vd-kt-JtraiwA Caiii-Jiira, where is one ot the p;rcatcft Pa- and having fettled Sallcrics upon them, ordered them to

gods ot the Indians, together with an 1 lolpital tor Apes, fparc no Cod to make it the fincft MoufolKum in the

as well tor thoic that are bred thereabout, as tor thole that \Vorld, if they could.

come ttom tlic neighbouring Parts, which the Jianjans arc 'Ihc Indians fay it was twenty Years in building, that

very carclul to teed. I he I'agoil is called M.iiur.i. It twenty thoufand Men were always employed about it, and

was tormerly in greatir X'tncration than now it is, and the it was tiniflied at length to Satisfaftion. It ftands on the

Rcafon is this, bccaiile the Kiver walliing the Walls there- fclalt Side of the City, by the River Side. It is a kind of

ot, was convenient tor the walliing the Banjans bctbre they a Garden, with Compartments, like our Garden Plots i

went to their Devotions •, but fince the Kiver has lett it but the Walks, inllcad of Gravel, arc black and white

above a I x-aguc, many have dcterted j but Hill it wains not Marble : You enter into it through a large Portal, and on

lome R.ttbrt ot the Jndiaiij, who always bring witli them the left Hand is a fair Galkry, which looks towards

fome Fooel tor the Apes. Mecca, and in which are three or four Niches, wherein the

1 2 . Between this I'lace and Goodkiftra is but five Leagues, Mufti comes ac certain Hours to pray. About the Middle

and then you come to /Ij^ra. Ihis City lies in 270 ji' of of the Garden are three great Platforms, one raifed above

Latitude, and in a landy Soil, winch caulesextrcam Heat. It another, with four Towers at the Corners of each. On the

is the bigt^eil City in India, and was tormerly the Rtliilencc
ot their Kings, till Cha-'Jeban fearing the great I teats,
uliially Ibught a more temperate Air, and lb removed to
Gebar.abad. The Monies ot great I'erlbns are lair, aiul
well built ; but the 1 loulcs of tlie meaner tort are as plain
as in other Cities ot India, being low and thatched. Ir is
not very populous, uiikls it be when t!>e Court is there i
but at that i'lme it is thronged, th/ King being attended
with an Army tor his Guards, and a great :\'umlxr ot
Rajahs, Omrali";, Manlapdars, ai.d oilur Nobles, with
their Keiiiuics, lK-lii!es .Merchants and I radelnien th.it t(j!-
low the Court for I'rade. 'I'he People are moll of them
Mabammcdam, and thcl'e have all the Power in their Hands,
though tliere are a confu'.erable Numbi r of Cbrijiians, Ibme
lew llcatbtm and Pcrucs.

'llie Dutch have a ladory here, but the En^Hlb iiave
left thtir.s liecaule it did not turn 10 Aeeoiint. I'he molt
lemaikable things in .t^ra are the King's Palace, and fume
Monuments near, and about the City. 'I'he King's I'alaee
is in the Callie, which is begirt with a Wall of btone and

Brick, tcrralVcd in liveral Piot-cs, wliieh is twenty Cubits of PiT/^.; but the molt wealthy Perfons of Quality i in cold
high. Between the Callie and the River is a larg..' Place Weather they wear a Vclt called Cadeby, lined with Sa-
Ictt on purpole tor the tii^^hting ot I'leplunts tor the King's bics. At all times, when they go abroad, they wear a
Divcriion. It is near tlie Water, to allay the I-'ury cf the dial, which is like a Scarf, of Icveral Colours. Their Tur-
tonquering Klephant, wliop.relently comes to his Temper, if ban is commonly little, and the Mohammedans wear it

Top is a C'upolo covered within, and without with black
Marble ; under it is an empty Tomb (for the Sultancfs is
buried under the lowelt Platform) adorned with Tapeftries,
Candles, and other Ornaments, where there are always
Mcnilialis attending to pray. The Sepulchres of the Eu-
nuclis havi; only one Platform, with four little Chambers at
til,- tour Corners.

I'he Indians are pretty uniform in their Apparel, only
the Mohammedans and the Moors diltinguilh themfelves by
a pnniciil.'.r kind of Coif, or Head Attire ; but in all things
elle they are cloathed as the reft. Their Breeches ai'e com-
monly (it Cotton Cloth, and fometimes of Silk, and come
ilown ti) the Leg or Ancle. Their Shirts hang over their
Breeehes, as the Fafliion is all over the Levant, and open
before. In cold Weatlicr they wear over their Sliirts an
Arcaliek, or Waifteoat, of painted Stuff, quilted with Cot-
ton, and pinked ; and over that a Caba of white Cotton
Clotli, tor Lightnefs and Neatnefs ; but if it be hot, they
lay alide their Arcaliek. They ufe but one Girdle, and
that is of white Cotton Cloth. None utc the lovely Girdles

lie be but i\NtJ or three Pout deep in the Water. Belore the
Pahice is a wide l'ia//..i, it contains three Courts, adorned
with Pontics and Galleries, that are painted and gilt ; nay,
tome things arc covered with Plates of Ciokl. Uiulcr the
tiallerics ot' the lirll Court are tlv 1 Axigings for the King's
Guards •, in the lecond is the Oftieer's Ixxlgings ; and in
tlie third the Itately Apartments lor the King and his La-
dies ; Out of thele the King goes commonly to a lovely
Divan, which looks to the River, to plcate himlelt in tee-
ing l-.lephaius tight. His Troo[)s txereile and play uixin
the Water, or 111 the o[)en Place. By this Palace ftands
iweiity-tivc or thirty very l.irge ones, in a direit 1 .ine,
wtiith belongs to the Princes, and oilier j;rcat I^rds ot t!ij
Court, and all together alibrd a molt delighttul Prolped to
thole who are on the other Suleot t!ie KiVir. Beliiles theic
Palaces, the Beauty ot Jt^ra conlills in the Caravanteras,
which arc alxjut fixty in Numl)cr, and linue til them iiave
fix large Courts, with their Portico's, whii h lead to very
comiiKHlious Apartnkiits, where the Merchants Siraiu;,ers

have their Lodgings.

'there are above eight hundred Baths in the Town, ami
a great Number of Molijucs, tome ot whieii are .Sanctua-
ries. There are many magniiicent and llately Monuments

in and al*jut .(^ra tor leveral great Men, and erpeeially the

rich Munuchs, belonging the King's I laiam, are ambitious

to build their own m their 1 .ife-tiir.e, and to ereCt Moiui-

nienis to the Memories of their bore- lathers i anil tliis the

great Mogul eheoura;^es ihem in, that he may keep his

Money in tiis own Knir.duin, and liivert them trom going

to Maca, whither ih. u Mind IXvutions otten leads them

to IjKiul It. The two niciil eniineat Monuments arc that

whirh King Gtlaiii^uir caiiled to be built tor Jicbar his l-'.i-

ther upon an !■ nunence in the Tiiwn. It lurpalles the

MagniliceiKC ot all thule (li the (iiand .Seigniors ; but the

tairell ol all is that wnith (,'/!ii.'-7t'.i.'i erected in Honour of - ,- . , , • , .

one ..I his W ivts called iui!c-McU, whom lie tenderly alio in this City AiC dr.iwn wiili Ar: ; but being tor the
NcMU. ,0. ** >-- ^ "^"'^

always wlrte. The Rich have them of fo fine Cloth, that
twenty-live or thirty P.lls of it, put into a Turban, will not
weigh four Ounces. They are made at Bengal, and are
liear. 'I'hey wear their Hair for Ornament, contrary to
other Mohammedans, who all Ihave their Heads. They ufe
no Stockings, and on their naked Feet, which arc of Mo-
rocco, or 'Itirky Leather, like Slippers, only the Banjans
wear 1 leels to their Shoes, that they may ftir more freely
about their Bulinels.

The rich Banjans cover theirs with Velvet, embroidered
with Silk Flowers ; but the Poor are fatisfied with red
Leather. The Mogul Women are cloathed almoll like
the Men, but the Sleeves of their Smocks reach no lower
than the F.lliow, that they m.iy have Room to adorn t'.ieir
Arms with Carkancts, .md Bracelets of Gold, Silver, .ind
Ivory, or lei with precious Stones, as they do alfij the Small
of tlieir 1 .(gs. The Smocks of the Indian idoi.itrous Wo-
men reaeli down only to the Middle, as doth tlie Wailtcoat
of Sattin, or Cloth, which they wear over it, becaufc Irom
the VNaill downward they wrap themlclves up in a Piece
of Cloth, or StulV, tiiat covers them to the Feet like a Pet-
tieoat : For Shoes they have high Pattens ; they wear little
tlat Rings of Gold or Silver in their Ears, with Engraving
upon them, and adorn their Notes with Rings put through
their Nollrils. They wear alio Rings on their Fingers for
Ornaments, and have generally one with a Lookingglal's
i'et in it an Inch Diameter, to tec tliemlelves. If the Indian
Women are idol.iteis, they go barc-t.iced j if Mohamme-
dans, they are vailed.

In Ibme Countries botii Men and Women go naked to
the Waiit, and cover themfelves from thence to the Knees.
At .Igra they are curious in breeding up Be.ilts to light for
Pleature, viz. He-go.its, Weathers, K.ims, Cocks, Quails,
Stags, and Antilopes ; tor lueh as cannot reach Liens and
F.lepluin's, are dextrous Fowlers and Hunters. Pidures

f I 1

834

TZ'i RanJs to the fiiunl Roiu's of Indi.i,

Book I.

^¥f-

Hji

t?i

.'"■f; "1

']»■

v»»

;U^

ii ^

is^'it' •-'■

Ml 4'

?M^P^- 1;-!

moll parr lardvioii-, air rjixly Ixwplit mi by I uiyf't.iiii.
They hivf .1 W.iy 111 this Town ut wi>rk;:ii; m ItoM, ihm)ii
Agai, C'rylhl, anil otlirr lute Mitils, whiili our CiwKl-
liiiiths anil 1 jpidarirs luve not.

1 \. In your Journey tiom ,!^ra to Hen^itl you conic
fitll to Bnuz.>l>,i.i, then to S:r.n! liiimal m\\\ Sar.i-.l-SckaM-
drta to .^.iM^ual : A l^a^iic troin thence you pals over the
River Sjfgfttr ujxin a Stofit-lnid^c, whert tliuk that aic
paflinp Ifjni /)r)«;f.i/to i"«r<;/ ni.iy leave tlu- KoaJ. to Jgr.i,
and tirrying over the (jenina, Ihorteii iheir Journey en
Days : But, finte lome ot that Way is very Ituny, Tra-
velitrs Rcnrially thull to goby the Way ol .l^ra. Frotn
this Bruise you go on by the i'J>i-jtir,:hJ anil flic I'own
Serai!, (:h,t;f\iJn, an.l Sifiii!, leaninj', to .4(rrnf<»^.:J. Tins
is a great 1 own, tht- Capital ol a I'ruvmce, luit it has no
Walls. The Govirnor, who ij a I'rinic, has his Re(i-
dence there •, anil .-iurrngzei) roninun>lcil there, as he i!i,l
at Caidub in t!ie Rcign ol His lather: his liitl Wile,
whom he loved lic-arly, died in tins I'own, and as a M(j-
rumcnt to her, he irected a lovely Miili)ue, tovcnd with
a Dome, and l>eautitied it with tour Mnr.rcts, or Sti'rpl .
It is lni:h ct vvhite jioliflicd Stone, wh.ch looks almoll like
Marble.

It hath fcveral pretty Mulques Inns, and Baths, The
Bi:iidm{;s .i.-e, tor the moll part, ul Iric-llone, am! pretty
high : Betbre the Doors grow a great many Trees in tli-
Streets, ami tlie (Jardens are well rultivated and pleal'ant,
affording the Kefrelhmcnts ol tht- Fruits, ( ir.ij)es, and
(irals-piats. They have Sheep without Horr.s, that arc
fo lUong, th.it Ix-inc; bridled and r.'.i!iilcd, they will carry
Children ot ten or twelve Years of Age. It is a go<xl
traiiirg lown, and well popird, with excellent (iround
atxjut It. It took Its Name, by which it is n<;vv tailed,
fiom the prcient N^.narch ./«rfw//cA, whoo»ertame Sul-
tan Sujjb, his Brother, whi wus Governor ot all the
J'tovmce* ol Bm^a!, in tiiat I'lace. 1-rom tlurjcc ynu juls
to A'.iHchan, and two Leagues farther pal'i the Gun^cs,
Willi h, though lamous in Hiilory, is fo Ihalbw trcm
Mufibw "Junt or yuA,whcn the K.vni fall, that it will not
bear a IV if.

The Water being drank ca-jftth the Giipes, and tlirre-
fore the tlc'itJen that live u;>on the Banks ol it, nt ver
diink thereof iiH they have Ixjil.-d it ; but the Natives arc
fo aicullomed tc it, that the Kir;; and Court drink no
oth'.r, Kcaulc thry »<count it ligluer than any oih< r Wa-
ter. The Heathen Indians aceount the Water of this Ki-
vtr to Iv ii tei', a'vJ have m.»ny I'.iginis by it, the laitifl in
the hdui i lb that it may l>e laid, that here Idolatry is
moft triumphant. The two ihii t I'agoils are at the Towns
vijafiutnu. and Bftr.fcit : Ni>tliin? fan l)e more magniii-
cent than tlicy are, ! y realun of tl.i- great Qiiant.i* ot
Gold a:.. 1 maiiy Jcwils with whieh iliey air aJornc-d. in
theic I'agO'.ls they keep their 1- ell ivali many Days together,
an.', many I'eople repair tliitlier from ail Parts ot the In-
dtn, where they cany their Idols in Triumph, and a^t all
manner ol .'^uj'erllitions by tlir !M)Courai;"(ncnt of the
B-amir.s, who are nunieitj'Ji therealxjuts, and draw n.uch
I'rtiit by It. 1 .'ic G'.ir^'j is lull </f plealant Iflands, co-
vered vi:t'!i irvtly Ticcf, to that it is moll delieiou- Sail-
ing upon It III tliele Iilan.i , and lorn.- other I'laets ot
htnzn! IS a Bud called Mtin.i, who!!- C olour is l.kc a Black-
birii, but as bi;; as 1 Raven •, it will Ijx-ak like a .Starling,
and imitatf! the Nci[;hing of a Hi;ilc exactly. This Ki
vrr lias received an infin'tc Niiii.licr o! Br<y>ks .uid Ri-
vers Irom the N. ]• . and W. into it, and diUlurj'.cs itielf
by ftveral Mouths ir.to thr diilph ot Beiifa.'., which is
tight humiied Mx\n over, and reaches finin the 18 to the
ij." ol latitude.

I.;. Havjng pafTdi (Itmges, you aiiivt at liuiUilas, a
great Ci'v, I uilt ujjon tht I'omt ut 1 .ind whrr'- (i<in^ci
and (itmhui iixet ; it is the ( hul 1 >j\wi ol a I'u.vince that
bea/s tiit ;.imc N.imc. It w.as, tor a hjiig Tinv, one of
the Bulwarks ol the Kingtlom of I'.Uan:, and is ihe lanu-
'I own which t'litiy liWi CbryfobJirn. It wa'. lubelued to
til" Kirgiion. of the Mogul by King I-.tlur, \\'.\<i built a
Itrong Citadel in it tltrngt!icn:d v.:;h thrre Wain, of
whitji the i.urrtmoll » ot a very laid red Stone, k is
.!.:<! icd Wiiii a vei\ aiuier.t Otivlill., alxive lixty Toot
Jhgti, tiwt I...! n.uiiy I;.;cr.] tioiis, but :!it !..tt.;'. ate nut

U-c.iulethcy lay, Altm ami /■-i'^ were created here "'"'£'
klorcthey approach the I'lace, which thcjr eltecni'h, Iv
thty all walh themfilvcs in ti.e (,'aKy,j. j |,j. n'-'
viiKi ol tWiubut pays the Mogul yciily fourteen Mil'
lions.

AtifaiLb.!! there are ufuallv Trocps ot /•j^^.r; who ( jll
themldves a religious Order among tiic l/Uu^m, ^'nj ,, „
ol them pravtile the l.it« ol I'.nitmts, forbear.ng to e it
many l)ay>, llandinj. conllantly upon a .Stono lor kvcral
Wciks or Moi.tlr., holdm;; (hur Amis a-crols over t'leir
Hcadifl' long i>s they livt, or bury themlelvcs m ,'p,t
lor a r ffin I iinc j but others w.uider up and down
the C". ;ry iikc (iipfies, committi.^g Roblicries and all
loirs 01 :i. g>icrits i lome eif them will threaten to kill
t...infi!vfsand lome ol them havr doi.e it, unleli the Ban-
jdt:< would p:vc them what they donianJ, and to obtain
confidcraMe Sums of them-, for the /<.»»/.,•« a'.^nr i\!u-,ler
and will givi any thing to prevent it. The IVnif r.ti are
ixtremciy honoured 1/ the (."<«/. •;'<•/, and the rich thi: k
they draw down BklTir.gs uixm thcniKlvei when thev invi-
to iliem. '*=

Troni //.r/.'j.V' vUi pals over a River, wlrre llamis a
I>ero!;a on eai ' Side, to take nomc of what dcKiiis'irc
tiar.ljxKteii, tl .ic being due fur tSTry Wagi^c-I ,t', (our
Kup((s, and c^ ery C.iai !• 1 iit:,ai;d flop all thit travel with-
out a I'afs i and the 1 g.j through Jake-dJ f,ra, Sadan,
Hjrar!, and Beiirabt-j.i ,> 10 Beiuirou. This is a large City
and hiUidlfn- ly ,buili, molt ol the llotills hemi; oi Brick
or Stoni , and higher than 111 any other hdt.tn t.ity, but
the Streets are narrow, 'i hcic are many f-ij m the
'Town, and among t!ic r ll one very lani- and honJionicly
built. In rlie Mid.ll of the Court are two Galleries, where
art- to be loid Calicut?, Silk, and otlur M' rclundize, ai'.J
under them arc Cellars vv>i,.!e the \\oikfnen live. A:l
the Goods arc- ltamj)od with the Kitii/'s Seal, btfor: \'.v:\-
arc ( X|X3lid to Sale.

I he (J.infti runs by the Walls on the South file, anJ
in It IS one of the principal I'ogodsot the ldolat:i;,. Abot.r
live hundred Paces from the C ity northward, t!;»r; i-, a
Moli^ue, where are many MJ.',!iiimid.i>i Seinikhres, ea-
iloled with a (iarden, but there are Holes tiirough t!ic
Walls hall a I oot Iquare, tor I'ravcll.-is to look into them.
'I he moll conliderablc is laid to Ix- that of one ot fli;:
Kings ot Bout.in. It is a l(>ur-l'.;uare PceMtal, forty I'acts
wide, and, 111 the Miilll of it, a Pyramid tliirty-two, or
thiity-live Foot high, with a great Bail at the Top. All
the Fronts are full ot the I'igures of Antiiuis t tit in Ston.-.
It w.is once very high,butwit!iin lilry Vtarsit is funk above
thirty Toot into the T.axth. From Banarcu you pals on
to HaUrpcur, and lb by datrjgiy-jfr.i to Mamaibyftra ;
111 the Road Irom theme you lord two Rivers tailed (.r.r-
nafa-foH and S-icd-jjii, and come to (iourm.dad, \,\w\\
itands ujxjn the River Cjouucr/ii flu. 'I'he City Itaiiiis at
die Fixit of certain .MiAjntaiii', near which isagnjt l„ike,
and in the Micill of it a fn.Ji Illand, witli .1 lajr Molquc
built upon It, wherein is tlic Sejuilchrc nl a y.ibidiir liu-
vernor, ( ailed irV(-;n»- At ,;>», who built it t>;r hiinle'f when
he was (iovcrnor ot tlic- i'rovii.ie. Tiicrc is a tair I ice-
llonc Bridge to crulb over into the liLiiid 1 ai'.d o" the Side
of the 1 jke is a gre;tt (jari;rn, in the Middle ot wtiicli is
a fair Scpulchie ol the liovcinor'* .Son, \^ho luaedced
his Faliier in the Ckivernmciit ol that I'rovincc. I,eavin(,
Sanccrou you ferry over t.'ie River Son fsu, which delcc.nJs
from the noiihcru Mountjinj : I Icic all Mcrchanuizs
pays certain Toil \ .nul lu you go on to D./«f/, .Wijjr-
Jird, anel to liy P.ihaJ^r.i -;id .-Iga-jWa to 1>j:iij. I'liiS
is one of the li^'^gell Ciiivs ol hidu, being C>vo I.ea(;u:.
I'liig, and llandiiig on the Bank-> of C'lngej wcllwarJ ; bu':
th Houle* aie no Iv.tter than in the grcafrlt Part of the
(.t.'itt Cities, bciiig cov..r'd wuh Ba;nbo<j'b,or ^traw. lli':
/)«/i^ Company luvc dn Houi; there Ijccaule ot their
I ladc III .Salt peti'-, whuh i.'i- y ^uy up here and retia: a:
Ci'oupur, a great Town upon tlie (jan^a, ten l.eai^ae.. lii-
Hant fioin i'.itna.

'1 .?

' Book I.

ir Palace |,...c, and und.T it
b'"'"!H7pr.,,ul,Mo,l,:'

-wc.cc,r,.,h.rcM:

lugul ycoijy Ibuitra. M,].

'"'"^r^^l^wf/m.wlio.jii

'"'fnts. »urtx-anng to Jc

lur Aims a-crols over ilitir
r Iniry thonilrlv« in i I'lt
|<rs w.u,(iirui. and dowi,
■nrntir^ Kobl^n.s and all
tlicfii will threaten to kill
.»V'(.ioncif. unlfi;,thc-Z/a,.
icy iK-Miand, and k. obtain
tlic /^.my..w ^M.nr ,\h,.,i£.,.
•cnnt. lhcl\,;,t.r.t.ar,:
«/<•/«■;, and the r.ch thi- k
thcnil.ivci when ttu'y g,vc

r ■« River, wlrre lUnds a

""'■'■ "' wlutClootis ire
OTrv\yari;c".l .', (o^r
■d llui' .i!| ilnr ,,^v^., ^^H^^

'u-h i,ikt-J.;f,ra, Sadan,
•orou. fhis IS 4 larpc City
the Moulh heini; of Ijrick
iiy other J,;J,.w\ ity, but
c- arc many Its m the
very lari'f and lujuiiomdy
rt are two Galleries, where
d ot.'icr Mirfhaiidize, and
the Woikfiien live. Ail
KitiK'i Seal, btlorc they

IK (III the South file, arj
Jiol the ld(jlai:ii. Aboi,:
ity northwaiil, there is a
'iimmijjn .Scinilchres, cii-

■ arc 1 lolfi tiirough tlse
avelK'is to look into them,
to Ik- that ot one oi riie
nan Fctlrital, forty IVtj
a I'yraniid t!iirry-two, or
eat Ball at the Top, All
. of -Atsinials lilt in Sron;-,
ilty Viaisit !•, linik above
oni Hanjrju you pals on
{)-y,-r./ to Mumaih-f(ra ;
d two Kivers tailed Car-
c to Gourm.it jj, w.'iich
foM. 'I'hc Lity lianiis at

at which isanr'at i„ike,
land, wul; .i lajr Molquc
i"ichrc ol a .\\:l'.iJor t,iu-
(jiiilt It lor himlr'f when
e. liicrc IS a tair Irce-
(• in.iiHl ; and or the Side
I the Middle ot winch is
ur'ji .Son, who luAedeed
liut I'roviiicc. Leaving,

■ Sc/i.du, which delccnJs
1 Icie all Merchandize

u on to Diiiitl, yar^ar-
'ga-j'fra to Pjiuj. J ins
r./;j, Uring t.vo I^ai^je.
jt (jan^es wdhvard ; biic

the grcateli I'art ot the
J.i.nbcj's, or Straw, Ihe

there becaiile ot their
■uy up here and refine ar
iian^d, len League;; di-

'I'.?

Chap. II.

from J. R. T A V !•: R N i l r.

The People of this Town having a Mm CacL-i, or Cn-
ioncl of a thoufand Foot llain lor vSodomy, hy his Hoy,
whom he had forced,hc juftificd the Fail againll thcCjovcr-
nor, Co that he durft not puiulli him tor the Murder, hut
dil'milVtd him after lix Monti, s imprilbnment. Irom I'ainu
you fill down the Uiver to Dicu, pafllng hy ll vcral 'lown^

where you lodge at Night-, viz. Sira-Beionaur^s^WU ii loul\ Utj.ipour, and MimeLi to Goa.
beyond the Rm-r Pomponjou, which comes tiom the Siuth, Co,* n two hundred and forty 1 .caguts

«35

lif.i tluii I you may ro fiom Suruf to Cm, partly 1 y I atiJ
and jiauly l)y Sea i hut ihc Road bciny very bad Ly Land,
lraveII<T»f\en.ially y.) by Sia, and hiring an Almadiu,
which i'i ii Uark with Oar;, fail by the Shore to Giw, and
jo they pulii by thcic Towns, which arc convenient to
ludr.c HI, or viaual at, vtz. Duman, Bajfuiii, Cbacul, Da-

I'Vom Sural to
The great Dan-

tails into the Ganges, i>cra.t»jab, between which and the B'T in thin toalliniA Voyanc \., fallinu into the Hand, ot

City Monger tour R.vcts, r;^. the Raoa Ghana,,, Lr:'uxa, the Ma/uian, or InMan i'nates. who arc furious Moham-

and ylqiura, tall into the G^»;?a on both Sidch. Lcwinj- ,„iJanj, and vay cruel to iho Chrilliai... whom they put

Monger, you fail by the Mouth ot the G<»;,^-.-j at a lartic to barlwrous Tortures if tlicy take them, to make them

River, and arrive at langira, beyond which ilu: Kuaova, leek their Ranlbin the fOontr. I'he MalMrs fomefimes

Tea, and Ch.mcn, empty theml'cJves into the G^gcs. And
after you arrive at Haquelapour, and pairm;^; by "the Rivci
Qatar c, you come to Pongangol, which In.:, at the Foot of
certain Mountains which come down to the Gatiga. Ui
yond this Place you meet with the River MarlNardi,
and by it l^iil to Rage-Mehalt, a City upon die Rij^ht-
haiul of Ganges ; if you go by land to it, the Highway
IS paved with Bcick tor a Lcaj^ue or two [)etorc the Town.

larry two liurulrrd, and Ibmetmicstwo liundred and forty
Men, and tail together in Squad io.u often or fifteen Barks
to attaik a gu ^ •'iliip, h'l they care nut a Rufli for the
I'rcai (iuns : They come on Board of a fudden, and calt
luch a great (Jiiantity of I'ot.-) ot arii'kiid Fire upon the
Decks, that if tlurc be not a Ij-etdy Remedy applied,
they do u world of Milcliief. Our ijeaiiu-n i^er.crally know-
inij; the L'ulloni of thefe Pirate, when tluy come within

_- thele

Foniurly the Governor ot Bengal rcfided here, partly be- Sight, fluit up the Skuttles, and fill the Deck with Water,
caule It was a Place ot great 1 rade, and partly becaufe it to hmdir the Fire-pots In

is an excellent Country tor hunting, as well iis to keep ihe
King of Jracan in Awe, and luppref, the Portu^iuzi
Banditti, who have retired to the Moutlis of Ganges, and
make Excurfions as far as Dccu itl'elf.

But tlic River having kit the City above luif a League,
the Governor and Merchants are removed to Dta,,
which, at prefent is a large Lity and full of Trade, lioni
this Town, you come lirll by V. .iter to Donapour, tlun lo
Qautipoiir, wheie there are abundance of Crocodile in the
River-, as alio at ylccrat, which is in the Way. I'hi-
vulgar Report is, that a Mulkct-Shot will nut parcr tin-
Skins ot tlie Crocodiles i but, upon Trial, it is found falle.
Then you tail to Dauhudta, and palling the Mouth il the
River Chaiiier, you lonie to Dampour, and lo to 'Jatra-
four, near which the Ganges iiiviiie.s itklt into three Arm".,
and then by Baga, Ma^a, and Kaftata -, having palled the
Mouth ot the River Lapico two League.', you anive at
Decu. This Tow:-. riii;s altogether in Length •, lielides,
every one fhives to have his Dwelling by the Side of tlie
Ganges. It is two Leagues long, but the I luules are but lurry
Huts, made of Bamlwo.s and ilaubcd over with L.uth.
The Govcrnoi's Palace is a PLice eiiclolid with hi;_;h
Walls, in the Midll of which is a pitiful Houle, built ot
Wood : 1 le generally lodges in Tent ., which he caulis to
be let up in a great Court «!' that Inclol'ure. The Uoil,:n-
dcrs liavi- here a very fur Houfe, which they have budc
tor the Safety of their Lioods, anil the Englijh hav ano-
ther, but not (v h.iiulfomc. The Church ot the ..:.'gitjli,i-
Friars u alio of Brick, and is a very llatcly Pile.

15. There are l-veral Kuads from Sera: to Gakon.la :
As by Sea, by G"w, and I'ljapour, aiid by /l^ra. Thele
two Ko*.is by Land meet .it Du.taia:, .uid tiuTefore I will
li>cak lirll of thf Road tioin Hurat, ;is tlie mod tommon,
and then of that by G'.-<; and /''/y.i/c//''. Fi(-uuS';(r.;/ you
travel by Gamlari, Harnsli, L->t>a, Nazrtoiir, Rinkii!.i,
Ptpi.L.r, Naiiipour, Paiaiic, iuiuy.i, Btqiida, And D:j,'..n
to Duliukit. This I own is one ol th.- belt Fortrellis in
the Dominions of the (ire.it Mogul, being leated upon A
Mountain (Very Way lleep, the oniy W..y being lo nar-
row, that but one Horle, or oneCaiii-i, can goat a Tune.
This Town Hands at the Foot of tlie Mountain, very well
walled, with a natural linooth Rotk, and h.is B.ittleineius
and Toweis mounted with Cannon ; but it i.s the Cit.idcl
on the Top of tiu- Hill that is aceouited tlu- m.uii Stiei.gth
of It 1 tor in It arc a great many e,\i client Pieces ot Can-
non, .iiid the Cannoiu-jis aie geiitr.illy Englijh or Ih',-
landers.

F'rom Dultabat you go to .v.ircnah.U, before ikleribed,
and to thiough Ptpoii, ''.iui.tr, Cmfnimer, /Ijlhi, Si.n\r,
and Lfjona, to Nadour. Here you crols a River, whiih
runs into the Gunnies, .nid mull pay hir eveiy W.iggon-
load ot Goods tour Rupees, and have a I'als fiom the lio-
vernor. From Nadour you travel to P.tljnia, and lo by
Kaboi, Sai.ipjur, Satanag, or <.t!anagar, where you be-
gin to enter i:;)on tb.c I'eiiitoileb of the king ol Guimnda.
I'hc other Ro.k1 thiough Gy.i and hj.'p.iu to GoUvtiJa,

from doing Execution.

Gj,i lies in ,m llland fix or Icvcii Leai^aes about, upon
the River Moidmui, ten Leagues from the Mouth of th;
River, This llland abounds in Corn, Rice, and feveral
lorts ol Flint, as Mangas, An.uias, Adding Figs .-wid Co-
coas, but all of ihctn are inf.rior to a Pippin. Tlic Port
ot d'j.j is vciy commodious, the City is very large, and
the Walls aie of good .'n jin- 1 the Houfe:. tor the moft
pan «ie veiy m.igniiiceiitly built, 'i^cially tiie \'iceroy's
1'al.u e ', Imt U-ing clofely environed with Mills, t!ic Air
isin.ide unwhollbme, ami fo excclTively hot, that the Inha-
bitant-. ,ue nut lb m.iny as otherwilc they would be. Beef
and Poik are the ordinary Diet, and they have Plenty of
Pviultry and Pigeons •, but I-'illi is fcaice, though they
are near the S\,i; Tliey have abundai:t-j of JA Ibtts of
Sweet-i.'eat.., ai, I great Plenty of good W.'tcr. I^dore the
Lhitd' lirouj-Ju viown the Powa- ot tlvj PcrtU7:':~: in //;-
dui, theie ss.is n tiling to be feen ar G:a !;■„: iVIagnincence
and RkIics; 'I'luy made v..ii: Profits withonl: any Loli,
and (Very M. in was a i'rader except the vjovtrnoi. liut;
now the P>iil,b I,.is'ing got the Trad.- ev-ry wheic out of
thtii 1 l.ir.ds, iho' they are iliil Mailers of Goa-, they have
loll ih ir Mines ol iiilver an 1 (jold, and. are lalleii from
their .SpLndor. Tlie Native., of the Country, wlioin they
I. ill Lt.iani!!, or Blaiks, aiu not jiern-.nted to bear any
Olliies among the Port:igii<zi, but only :n reference ij the
Law., -I'/i. A:. Advocates, .Sjlli-itors, and Scriveners, and
they keep them very much under. If one of them hap-
pen lo lliike a white Man, uib.u^pean, there is no I'ardcn
ioi him, but hi'i Head mull be cut olr'. The Spaniards
and y\,».'«i; /((-:; make ule of them to tranfadt their Buli-
nel', and luiive their Money ; and many ot them by that
means aw giown very rich, and have many Sl.ives to
attend them in good Habits-, but they all, both M.dlcrs
and .S. ivants, go barefoot-, tor the P<,rlugucze, though
lliry have Ik en oflered great Sunis to fuficr them to wear
1 lule aiul ."^hucs, yet will not allow '.t. They -re very
cour.igious, and good Soldiers, and cjiuck and ing.j:iious
at learnmi', ot Sciences, but they arc Idolaters, and wor-
Ihip lereial lorts of Idols, which, they fay, are the Rell-ni-
blaiice of leveral th.it have done good Works, to v.lioin
tluy give 1 ionoui by adoring li'.eir Portrait.

Tiiere an li)ine of thele Idoiattis that worfliip Apes, and
have btult Pagods to thole Bealls. In the liland of S.i'.fei
theie w.is u I'.igoil, where the Idobters keep in a Chell,
llie IVmes and Nails of an Ape th.it had been lerviceable
ti. their Aiucllors, by biinging Intelligence v.'hcn .any Prince
then- I'.nemy lought'iheir Rum. The l::.lians cdmc in Pru-
leiroii Iroiii leveial Places to this Pagod, and madeOti'ei-
ins\s to It , .ind when the Clergy of Goa tool; away the
Tomb, lluy olfered a great Sum of Money for their Re-
in ks -, but the t. lergy not thinking Inch grofs Idolatry lUf-
tei.ible, caullil It to be thrown into the Depth ot thj Sea.
The River of Mm.Liia alio is had in as gre.ic \'cneration
by the Bramins .ind the other Gentiles as the Gaigcs, and at
ceiiaiu timis, and upon teitain Fellivals, they ;! ^k thither
tioiu thill IcViMl I'ai ttt" pel form ths:rPa"i.*ii..tt;ons. The

Tvffn

I V.

'f''i- ^f

vCliV B

If'

fcV

||:*1

8-/>

7bc Roihls to the fi:\ till Koiu/s ^y InJia,

I^ook I.

11 "lB

;■»

■ 1

Town h.uh Rooi! W.ills tMth Towrrt, jml prcut fnms
anil the Illc i« walliil nuiml with G.itf< row.u.ls tin- Un.l,
to hiniicr the Sl.uf* fnun rimnipf; .iw.n. The rcriug^u.z,-
iuivi- ,1 Viimty rrCnliiip hrrf, with .in .\ichl>iflii>l', Imjiii-
llCor (tcnrral, '.ipil Ahind.ir.ic (4 Ckrfynun, as Poniiiu-
can*, Aiiftin-Kri.ir', Fr.incifiTiK, Kui-fw)t Cirmrlits
Jfl'uit', an.l C;ip«Khirv The Ornirliti^ ate fr.itfti in a
Hnc Air. and healthy Grcnird ; the JiTuit- li.ivr .i Cottcg'-,
whiih Iving ('cdiratfil to St /'.»«/, yivr^ them tlir Name
Dl V.Wy?.', with a Si-minar\ , TrofrtrorV Mouir, NoiiJju,
anl an llcufr c.illrii the- (icodjffuu ^I'TC they p.iiiit a>!
ni:raMy. Tlurc arc alio many fair Chiinlies, aiul luaii-
lit;il l'a!.uit.

In ihn tity lir^ luirin! /'. .Hhfriurrjuf, who fonqtirrdi
it Icr th'- P.riug^uiz:, .ir.il Saint Irjncis X.nicr, thr f.iiiun^
Miitn Mi(Ti(>n.uy. I'hi 1 lulptal < f f.V.i was t'otimily the
luort Limous in all /«.//.>, N'tli in rrp.mi that the Kcsmuks
were V(ry great, am! the (uk IVrloni wtrc v- ry can fully
looked alter ; Init linn- the C hangt of" CioVirnrr.ent, thae
is Init very I ad Afionimoi'ationit, am! Ilvera! F.ur:^cnti.\
who iiave ly(ii jMit in, liave ntvrr fotnc out but in their
CoH-n'. i Init of Lite thiy have found out a Way to lave
I'-mr, I V frequent UIihh!- letting, Ipaic Uiit, and i!rinls.inp
tow's l''ils.

\b. From Cc.1 ymi go to liiJw'.'y, which i"; ujivi tlic
Continent, and fo to r;fijf!iir. This City i^ the M tru-
|-(4is of a Kinj;J()m (I'th'' lame N.ime, whole Kin;^', is tlic
nioll potnt of all th* Kin[',t of Dfc.in, ard is i!ii-reti.re
called Kii'p of Pft.iH, hivinj; under him the two Naiijuis
(t .\,'..'.//<r.(, whofe Territoriis reaJi to Cape C.nrtno and
1\iKJ.ititr, who lias iVveral Towns on the C( al's i,f Cera-
m.mJfi ttihifary to him. It is a great llamMing tity,
a'x>ve tivc Ir-ig'.i-s in Ciriunitiienre, fortilif;! with adi u-
l);e Wall, and a f.r^at miny Cannons tn<unti'd, and a I'af
fvittonicd Pitt !i The K;r;^;'s I'al.ue is V(ry lar;v, lut ill
Iniil;, and the .Arrrfs t.) ir is very daiV'erou<, in regard
there are an AbuiidaiKc ol Crouxliles in t!ie Dr.di, witli
which it is entompallrd \ but in tl'.c City itl'elf tlierc is i.o-
tliir.p; remarkable as ro the publicly F.dilices i r Trade, ilio*
in tlic Siibgib', wliieli are large, tlitre are fevi ral (i< !d-
I'tnitlis and Jrvsrllrr'. Th'- Kin:^ of I'rji.iprur l-.atli three
g'Kn! I'orts in his Oominiois, Rrjiipcnr, DnI :u!l, and ('a-
r<rp.i:.in. This lall is the l>ell, having fourteen or tiltcen
Fathom Water near the |jn.', and iijxm the Top of the
Mountain a 'fining a Fort with a Spriiig of Wat; r in it.

It Iks about live Days Journey v^ the North of Gs,:.
The Kings of I'r/uifdir and (•c!..r,.Lt were formerly tribu-
tary to tl-.c (irrat Mo;',ul, but now th'y .ire abfolute of
theinfeives. T!v.- prel'e;it King of /'///.;/;i(r, was only t!ie
adopted Ch.M of the former King, who died without Chil-
dren, he fucctcded in hn M:rionry iiniirr the Regeiu y of
the (^.'.cn ; but I eing liinurlvi! In' the KiVcilt of Uajah
in-itv!, the Son of the late King's Captain of his (jvuid',
he w,is forced to tomi- to a Coinjolition vsith him to ella
l\\(h hiir.lelt, irJ (u loll all the Coafts of ,^/.i/j/jr.

The great Market, where the King of y-/!.i^'":!ir \\\U his
I'rpjirr, is at Rtitquf. In the Terntoiies of l':Ji.tj'iur is
M.n^rtia, a large Town, extended half a I.i.igue in
l.U",',;h ui>on the .*sea coaft ; it i^ one (jf rhe belt Ko.ids m
all /«J;.;, where ail the VeiTrh that (cmc from /?.;/,;;..?,
■/..■/i,;«, lin;^:.', C'li^i, and thofe that arc Isound fur i'ar.;/,
Orinuz, the R(,lSi.i, Ha'i'.ir.^y fic. Iv^th coniingand going,
anih.or ard take in Provifions, Ivcauli- there is Ixjth
rxrellcnt Water and Hh?-. This Town alfo is very famous
ti/r Card.ur.ums which tlie 1-afttrn I'cople clhem .I'.xjve all
Spices •, but not liciiig to be h.id in ivy other Country, are
Vtiy Icarce a:-.d dear Tiitre is alio m.ule great Store of
<oai!c Caiicuts that are fj^.-.t in the Country, and great
(.>ija- t.tie* ol loarfe Matting, wh.ih ferses fir |u< king up
of (iMxis. 1 he Du!il> have a I a'b«y for Trade and I'ro
vilkns hire, tusiCfua! their Ships when they Lloi k iij> Cc.t,
whieh IS (!ght Munths in the ^i.ir.

17. 1 roil) lyi.ipcur you lafs to CoUcil.!,i, whu h i fiiiir
hundred l/agurscroh t!ie Proinoniory. 1 he moll j^fiwer-
lul ot the Kings of Detan next to t!;e Kii.got I'l/ufiiur, i>
tile King of G\uc,n,! 10 ihc K.i.g o! I Juijufj., and on the Wl.I by th:

inspire .)f the (irrat Mogul. This whole KinRdotn, tal .
it 111 g. neral, is a p.ood Couitiy, ab(,undini5 in Corn \u^
Cattle, Sheep, I'oultry, and other NecelUrirj |,,r |,,in, '
Fife, and becuill there are many Fake*. 'V\mx^ .i„. ^\^^
many Fi:li, and among others a fort ol Smelts, whi.l'i |„„
but one Hone in the Middle, which is mol» delirmiis F,0(|
the I akei being cm\\\\ hy Nature, and lying m I'lj,,^
liimcwhat railed, contribute much to the 1 ef l.rv of tlir«
Country, brc.uife after the rainy ,^'ialons tluy let ilrm
down by Sluices into the .idjaecnt hrh's. 'Hi, 'i.ipi,.,| (^|,
. f the Kingdom is H.ii.i^.tr ; the J'fr/f,ins call it .iuifr-tiaj
but the moil common Name is (iolionj.t. It iHalioutfonr-
feen or hfteen I eagues from l'-fi,ipcur, litujred ei \-%- |,;
I.ititude, in a very long Flam, heinnu-d in with liitlr'l 1,11,
at lome IVIbime from it. The Air is very wliold,,,,),-
and a gr; at Uiver waflirs th'- Wall ol it on the Stiuin well
Side, which, rear to 3£r//;p/,j«, lalli into thc(iulph ot
Bfi^ il.

The City i.s svell built, .ind full of Windows, In awtx-
ing into it, you mull Mill pals throur.h 1 larg<- Suhui!', hut
the lloules are only I uilt of l''arili, and th.irfl,"d with
Straw, fo hiw, and ill ccntiiv, ,1, thai rhey can b- rnkoinsl
little better than Hut.. It ;s ..t trill ,1 I e.i!,iu' i-i l.en»ih,
and in it dwi II all tlic Men hants, Hn k-is, I landii ralis-mni
am! all tiT-aiier Ibrt of IVople. I'heK Men are allowed to
go into the Ciiy from ten or ^ 1^ yen m the Morning till Imir
or five o'clock in the Afternoon ssith the lnriign Mrt-
iliant?, and then they return to tlutr Iloulis. \n thoii;
Sul'Uibs arc twrj or tliiev fair Me K;ik», wh'.ih lerve tor
Inns foi 'Fiavellrr, ami fi veral I'ap.ids in the NerhUmr-
ho<i<!. Thi- Way to tlic I'(..!tirls e)f (iuLs>:,U lies ihrou'jK
thole Suburbs-, out of them y u go intei t!ic City over 1
meill l>eautdul Stone Hiii'ge, . id enter tii:o a large Sirrt
that le.ids te) the King'i l'al;ee. On tl:c tight ri.iml ate
lome I loul'es of the Fori!' ejf tiu Court, aiu! t i;r eir livo
Ini'.s two Stories high, with lair Hails, and large Cham-
bers to let in the Irelh Air.

At the I'.nd of this Street v. a large Fia/va on wluhthe
Palace frontJ, anil in the MiiiJIe of the HuiLiir-g is the
Balieiny, wherein the King Cits when he ple-.ileth to give
Auilienie to the I'eople. Th- tiate eif the I'alaee' ilaniis
;uit uiHin this Fia/za, 1 ut inon another near ail|uini'ig.
'Flirough it yo-i enter into a large Court, liirrounUul with
I'ortico's, ui J .' which lie- the Kii'g's(iuards. Out of tins
Court you pd's iiito ant ther, b-.nit alter the fame nunner,
anl I'utrouniled witli fevcral .Apartment', witli terralTiJ
KeAils on whi.di arc very lair (larKlms, and Trees in tlit.ni,
of a great B.gnefs. Tlu- whole I'alaec is thiee Immlrrd
anel eighty Face's in Length, m\i.\ ends in a very lulty i'.i-
villicn. The Walls are buiit td great Stoixs, and have .it
certain Dillanccs half 'Fowers. It :s very pLaiant within,
a;.d the Water rifcs up to the hii^hell .\paftnirnrs. No
Man inters into the I'alaee without m\ exprels Order from
the King, who granUi it Vviykldoini lo tliat Icarsc any
lx)dy comrs mar it.

At tlir l".ne! of the Palace is a nuildinr;, called the Imi'
Tower!, w.hieh has the ni</ll love ly Outlide ot any thing in
the 'FijWm, !)cin[', aelornril with Uoles aiui Fellons pretiv
well ci.t. In r.iih 'Fuwer is tour (ialleiit'-, whi.h fcivetu
make the Water mennu into a Kilervatory on the 'Fi'p,
fri.m whence it is lejiiveyei! into the highell .Ap.irtnients 0!
the King'- Falace through Fipci. 'I'heie are Icveial .MeiJari'.
in the Town, but the tairell is that Ixlorc the King's I'a-
laee. It hath two Divaas, whidi trrvc for the Lotoiial,
who has his Frifoiis under th'ir. 'i'he I'alace is on tlu
North <jl It, ami there ib a I'urtico overagainll it, \. here
the Mufii utis play feveral mm s a Day, whil ■ the King is
in the 'Fown in the Midiile ot it; and in Sight ol th.- I'a
laie is ;i Space for tie lighting of Flephaii:i. The Cits
lor the iiKift pait 1. inliabited by Ferluils ot Qi^Miity, Ol
liiets ejt the King'^ Cenirt ol Jiiilue, and ot (lie A:n-.y,
and ih.ir HuiJii are pretty er-.ough. Three .M:l.-s h.nu
til Ciiy Hands a Very lair Mi^kiue, wh'-iuii are tlie '1 cmlfc
id the Kii.gs of Gc'iCnJa, and alwui: tejur o'Cl'Kk in tlic
Atternoejn' there is a Dole of Bread .iiul Rice given to all
the Foor that . ome. I ^.n l-Vllival Days all the Tombs are
l.ung witli iifh I ape dry, and then th y .in- a moll glori
(/Us Sight. There arc many lairliardei-.s in the Town, and
IR.U it , but then He.uity tunlsll.. not in 1 !yu.r<, or \V.it/r-

Hook I.

Chap. II.

from |. B. T A V r: K N J r: r.

H.iswlK,liKinB.Ioni,uI,.

'''rNfoiUririiorUnun
-yl-akr,. TlKrc-.,„..,||,
'lortot .Smflf,,Ns|,,.|,,.,,
'!< Ii I'' mol> (iHin.Mis |„o,)

"I' to (h,- hT;Uy„lt|,j

>y Sal.)n% iluy |„ ,,.,^
hthrM,. TlK,,ip,t.,lC„y

i.oUonJ.,. It.,.i!„.i.t,o.ir'.
fuipctir, fitiufnl „, ,,. ,,,.
iniuiu-d 111 with liit;,.'H|||,
|C Air r, vrry ttl,,,;,!,,,,),-,
Jll "I It on tlic Soiiil! Will
", talli into thc(iulph ot

■II "f Wim'nw-i, III enter.

mm;;-. 1 larg,. Sulmi!.. hut

•■••'111, ai-i th.irf|,"il With

till' fli'-yc.inl'-ri,k,m,>i

If 111 ■llr.lriUlt, |,,MJ.,|,,

llic K^-ix, Hamfi, r,ltI^.„l^l,
lliii. Mm arcallowrd ,,',
vi> 111 tlu- Miiriun^; till l(i!r
11 ^Mt!i the lorupi Mr,^
' ilutr ll.iui;?. In tholi;
Ml li;iK«, \vlii(h ((Tve for
I'jj; iJs ill thr Nii'>|,|H>iir.
s lit Cn.!.si:.ut Iks tli;i,u';h
I go info \\k Ciiy iivrr'a
(i cntir i';;n .\ |.irgi- Sirrt

On tlx ti['lit ll.i:ul aii
K Court, .iiul ti'iir (ir livi;

Haiti, an J large thain-

lari',f !'ia/7a r.n w!u h the

V of tilt; HiiiUinj^ 15 the

whon he \AvaWi\\ to give

Liatfof th: I'alacc ilamis

I anotlur near mlioini'ij^.
,<■ Court, liirrouniiul with

lgS(ilUI(!v Out (;!' this

lit alter the I'atnc ni.;;i;iiT,
pirtnunts wit.'i tmalLd
r Ji ns, anil 'Iras in tht ni,
• j'alaic is thiec liiinilrrd
! niils in a vtry li-tty I'a-
i:riat Still. t<, ami have at
It -s very |)|jaiai:t within,
ii^hcH .\[)artnicnr>. No
lit M ix^Tils Onicr tfuni
.klom ; lu that Icartc any

niiildint;, called the Four
ly CAuliiic (it any thin;; in
Koli s .t:iil Ft Huns [ ntlv

(jaiieiiis, whiih Icivcto
Itilirvatoty on tlu' 'Ivy,
lie )iii.;hrll Ajiartnuntsol
riicic arc Icvi-ial MnJan-;
at Ultjif tli;- Kinj'j's Pa-
li Itrvf kir ill; Cotuua!,
■J'Ik' I'alacc is (m tlu
:o ovtra_;ainll it, \. here
J Day, whil- the Kinj; is

aiiil in Si<;lu ol tlu I'a
t Fi;i.liaa:>. Th;- Cit\
I'.Muns ot Qiuhry, Ol
IIkc, and ot the .\:n-.y,
.i-'li. Thrcr Mik-s ttoiii
', whrniii arc t!ic Toinl*
on: four o't lock in tlit
d and Kuc [,:vin to all
iI Days all tiK- rami's arc

II til y an- a ini.ll ^Kiri
iarJcns ni th- 'l'ow:i, .V'^d
ot in l!u\\.rj, or W'.iicr-

•vorUs but in lon[» Walk% Inv/ly Fruit tree!, and l.ircji'
Ualiin< of Water.

When a .Stra:-;^;rr ronic^ tn t!-,'- (i.it,.^, a Suldjc r f-archrs
him, to (vv whtf licr he lii-. any Salt ind ToIm'-, n ahnnt him,
that til'- King may not K- tlttiandcd ot tli" Outics and
(hen Ic-ndi to thr DiTo;;a about fiis Adniillii"', whirhcaults
a IVlay ot a Day «>r two Soni-rinirs when the Km;.; lit".
ro do Jullirr, all that li.w, Biifiitlii lUnd lirlow.'jull
i<;ainll thr Balcony ■, Imt thr Vn^y'r arc Wyi liark, with a
Row ol I'olfs about tin; I Icij'ht ot a llall|iik'-. I'.very
M)iiti(ty the Nobihty nitniiu linanl, and (ontiiuii' iip;ht
Pays tome of tlu in have I've or lix thourmd Men uiiiI'T
iheir Command, with fn or twelvt- I'.lcph.iifs ^in I thirty
or filHty CanvU. 'rin- SoMirri h ivc no I loiths Init three
or tour I'lN ofCaliriit, with whii h tiny cover th-ir Uodics
halt' Way behind and betor>-. Tliry wear their I lair loivj;,
and tie it on a Knot on th;' Crown, as tlv Women do. Tiny
wear IJniadfiVorii'. like the S:viizcn, which lerve as well tor
a I'hrult, as a Blosv, and lian;', them in a (Jirdlc 'I'hcir
Miilktt l?arrt Is are ne.itir an I hfit-r tlian ours, beeauli-
cheir Iron is better, 'i'h' ir Cav;:!ry i.irry Bows and Ar-
rows, a Bin Icier, am! a Bittl'.-\y, and a I lead-intrte, and
J,irk'*t <■! Mail, which h.in;!;s down t'lom their I lead piece
t,i f!Hir S'loutrlepi. There arc twenty tluailand com-
mon Women allowed ly the Der"", u tluy pay no Ta^,
I'Mt .'.re a M>. It. sot I'pendin;; imi<h 'I'ari, which is a t'weei
llriiil;, on whuli the Kin;; Liys a !< vere Import. Tlvy an-
fnc.nir.i;;ed n thc" I'r.u tiec'--. '1 hey are to dance every
frii'-iiy tietore tiie Kind's H.dcony, it the Kin[; be prel'entv
if not, an Funuch ilil'milVeMhcm. 'I h y ftand well tlrelTd
at thiir Doors in the D.iy-time, and let up a Candle or
Lamp lor a Sipjial in the Nij',ht, to draw in M-'n who arc
not expofed to .Sc.imi.il, by eonvcriing with them.

'I'he common Peo[i|i' [',ive their Wives [;reac Liberty,
being oblip.cd t)y I'mniiti-, ,it tlicir Marria.L;e, to let them
walk in the Str>'ets vilit their Nciglil)our<;, anil driii'^
Tan, a Liquor which thc luiiiaiij love very mucli,
■When any one is tound p,uilry ot Ihit't, he is pu-
nilbed by tutrinj; oft' both his 1 liiuls, which is a I'ni.ilh-
nient liltd al!iii;lt all o\tr t!;- In,:i<->. The Tr.idelinm
of the Town, and llutlMiulmen tiiat cultivate the I. an, Is
arc Natives ; but thc Tr.ide is clnetly maintained by the
A'«^.';7i and Dutch l-'a<^loiies, wlio buy vip for the Compa-
nies Cliints, ;ind otner Clotlv, which they vend in other
Tarts ot tie- Inilu'!. They brin!"; alio troni Miifiip,:t,:iu
upon Oxen, Cloves, |'c]hht, I'mn.imtMi, Silver, Copiier,
'I'm, I. eat', and otiier (ioods whu li they know to be mod
niaikt table. All the Men .md W miu n at GoUonda are well
I io!H>n;oned, and of comely .Stature, and fair cnougli in
th ir Countenances ■, but rhe Com. try People are I'warthy.
Tl'..; mol> lurrent Moi'k s ot rhi. Kim^dom arc the i'ai^ods,
K'.ipee., and I'echas, nt t'lc Momil ; The Pai^ovls a-^c Pieces
ot (iol !, ot which rhii! ar" iv.o Ions, the old and the new-,
t!ie old are worth live ivMpees and the new not above tour.
Thc Kiipecs and Peilih ar'' alii) worth more at Gclionda
than in Mo'^nliJI.m. l he <^re.itell I'lenty of Diamonds is
in this Kir.i'^dom, and th.iitore it may be called theLoun-
f y ot Di.imonds. Ihe ( ,.Hle ot (y.icon.la is two Le.i!-,ues
fiom rue City ; it is ot a l.u>V-' Cnm]i.ils, ami tlie Wul!s ot
It are IjuiU ot .Stones, thti,- boot in Lciv^th, and as much
III Bre.idth \ and it is lurronnded with deep l')itches Uivk'ed
ii to Taiujuit s which aie ti'.lcd with fair and t;ood Water.
AM ill'- .Siieni^th It lia.s conlills in live round 'I'owers, which
'ave a (vcit lo.tiiv Cannon mounted upon them tor their
Dclcnce. It has'ltver.il (j.it'S but two only are opened,
ar.d tiiele af p/i.tn'td bv Ir.ii.vu. No S!r.mt.!;;TS iii.".y <;o
in Witiiout a IViiiullici'i luin the (Mivernor, unlets he lie
aiqiiainted with I >ii.e C)tlk\r nt the Court. The Kiiii;; has
a lar<',e PaLce in il, and well lituateil tor a good Air, arid
lovely Prol'ixct, and, mdl Part of the Lords luve I Inules
.icar ir. 'niire aie I: vcral IW.ars m it, wliue all thin^^s
(.ectlliiiv tor l.iir may br had.

ri. Til Kini^ ot (loi.i'uLi, who now rii';ns, is a Shi.is
i.v Kelij',iun, and b'ar. the Nanu- o{ .■IbdoulCotitou-Shah.
1 Ic was the .S.'ii ol a Ih-.imtn Lady, and luccecdcd his |-a
ther, thoii!;h not thctlddl .Son, becaul'e he w.is moie loved
by thc (^ucen, who c.iul d his Uruthcrs to be impriloned,
and at lall poiloiied. I i- l-.eei.s live hundred thoul'and .So!-
tliirs in Pay, vcr i, iiiljiitary to the lirta; .Vknju^ 1 Ic
N I .'1 H. -.0.

hmh only fiirct DiuPutfrs tfio 'M^a of whicli U marrrftl
to on. of the Kirfiun of the (irand Cluck of Mtfcn,
til ' nil to Sultan Moh/tmiH'ii, eltlelf Son of y1t,r n^z,-
m diird ro Mimi evM-Ctjlwt^ rhe Kiii(/,'i Cowfn .

■»li \l. I'^r'nlilrfn by liir. The Kinjj ot (;<,.Ve%/rt |.a«

v.ilt l< -niifk, dwh'- is '''ropri<«tor of nil thc Ijfndsof 1 s
Kinp. I,,.n, whi<. h hf If.tl' i.M\ to thofr that ofl-Vr rlw* mitt-,
cxrcp't • \.!i i\ ' r ^ivf I,;, l.^voinirt s t'or a certain 7 '■•\\-
'I'he Ci, '.inis tli.u M ,i.r- < •■ ods (Lai p,il\ throU|j,n Uw
Country, .mdol the t'or, r,t' .lA//// >i ,.,'d ,l/.'.•Jr"^Mt'.,,
yi'ld liim much, and :)ier' a lia»d! . . v lort of F li ,ii'.
in his Kinp,don<, trom whrli l^r tmii» not loiiie ..«dct-
able D ities liy Way of Kxrife,

'I'he Diamond Mmis raile Mm a ^at Hewn-.^ .inj all
liich a.s h" allow, to div, in tlicm '||v}c tlia« are to-
ward M.'lhi<(itn;: pay him a Pap».i iv.ry | lour Rr»y work
thcr'\ wlKtIier rhey mid ni.y Diamond', or not; but h,i
chiel Mines arc in divrs I'l.i' :.s in (laniui, tow.ird'- / /;./.
pvti\ where he h:i . lix thoula .d Men (ontiiiuilly .u work,
who daily tind near tluve I'minds Wru;|,[, and no body
di;;s thep but tc,r the Kinp-. This Prin-e wcais up'in the
Crown of his [ le.id a Jewrj almotb a foot long, which ia
laid, to b'j ( t ii'flhmabk \alue. It is a kofj ot |!;reai Dia-
monds three or tour Indus Di.invter, on thc Top of which
there is a little Crown, and tnit of it iHi.es a lii.irch fa-
lliioned like that of a Palmrree-, but it is round, and the
Palm Branch, whirli is cmoked at the Top, is a j^ood Inch
in Diameter, and about half a Foot king. It is made w^
ot Spri<^s, which' are, as it were, the l.cavcs of it, anil
each of them h.ive at thc F.nd a lovely loiii^ IV irl, Ihapcd
liKe a Pear. At the Foot of this J'ot( y there are two Bands
of (lold in tlie F.ifhion ot T.icle Biaeelets, in which arc
inchafed larLT Dian-.onds, li t round with Kuliies, which,
with f^ieat Pearls that hang danj^jing on ail Snl' s, niakenn
CXI ceding fair Show ; and thclc Barids hav.- Cl.ilps of Dia-
monds to falhn the Jewels to thc Iliad. I'diiles this
Ji wel, he hath other conlidcrable Pieces, and fucli Numbers
ot precious Stones, that it there were Mercliants who cruld
give him tlie Worth of ti;em, he woiiKI have |irodi:;ious
Sums ot Money, and be the richeft King in the Iiid:cs.

The Oiiirahs arc thc gn.U Lords ot the Kinrrdom, who
are Perji.tns, and all rich i tor they have not only great
I'ay of tlic King yearly, In.t frge Gifts of Lands and \'i!-
lagcs t'rom h ni, ijclidts ih. .Advantages of thc Soldiery '.
for they do not litl li.ilt tl:c Number they have Pay tu
maintain. 1 hey generally make a very handl'onv Figure j
for when tiicy go through the Town, an b-i. phant or two
goes bet';rc them, on which three Men, carrying Banners,
are mounted. ; titty i '^xty Troopers, well mounted and ac-
loutered, fnllow them ; and alter thel'e Trumpeters ami
others playing on Fifes on I lorlcback \ after thel'e comes
the Omraa on Horlcbaik, with thirty or forty b'ootmcn
about him, and his P.il.'.nkin c.irried by four Mai, with
other I'orters for Change; and all this Pomp is brought up
with a Camel or two, witli Men beating on Timbrels on
their B.icks. Sometimis the Omrah will take his Palan-
quin, and then his Fiorle is led.

1 he Palanquins are fometimcs covered with Silver, and
.the Bamboos are tipped with Silver at lioth Fnds. They
lie at b.il'e in them, Inioaking I'obacco, or chewing Beetle,
or Areca, according to the- Cilloni of thc [ii,lidi:s, who hold
them to Ik- excellent lor the Stomach, and thc Sweetnel's
of thc Breath. The leiVci- Omralis have not lb great an
Lquipage, but all luve a Train proportionable to their K.-
veiiue. Ihe Winter in Ci,!,6H(la bcgias in June with Rains,
and. tome 'I'hundcr and great Winds, and laivs to the FJid
ot 0:!ffa\ in wlurh time t!ie Air is cold only in the Night
and 'vlorniiu';. 1 he D.iys are as warm as 'tis in May in
Frame; init the liams ciut'e prodigious Floods, which
beat down tiic i loul'es, and dctiioy many People. The
hot Sealoii begins in I-aruy. I'lio Rains r.iake thc Land
very fertile ; they have abundance of Fruits and Vines, and
two Cr(;ps ot Kicc and otiier Grains every Year. Tl.c
Wm-js they ma'.u- aie i.iiially wliire.

It). 1 roin CcU^iuia tricre are two Roads ro Mufiipcuin^
one niori direv't, wliicli tin- Merchants ufually take, and
rlic other bv the Diamond Minds, called Coulcur, or Gur.i,
which Inch Mtichants gem rally travel, whol'c Curioiity or
i',"\\\ '-''^ '■. 'i tiie-n tliuhii-, tliough it be th.; I.uthelt Way
..■ D by

iM-i

HI^Httil'

m'l

i^^^HiMS*

A^l. .

i^H'' M'

'1N. ■

• ,1 '^

Moi

' '."^ '!

TlTiWIIf

838

7/v yvV>//.A fo the Jticiiil Aliirli oj liulii,

Hook I.

. t Hi ■ I

ilr'! 1.

\a:V' ^

hy twtlvc 1 (jp- '. In thf niori* iliici> K<mil you mc<t
¥ith not al'ovi- JiJiir Idwni, tvCu'i-^ lilu-rn 01 ['wirfw Vil-
ljpr», r»«. klmui-kfffnt.h, l\inxufl. Sank!, 4iul >V«
fufi-ibifibl. Yoii iMf« illo Ir^rul Hivrr*. thr nu)l> cixi-
iLliiabU- ul wliuli Me K'ltl'ia 4ii»l A/j*./-* All lU-
tcufury ai you piif* ilii' NV ly i" ilwjy* .^nm nnt j>lf4-
fint tu ihf Kyr, thwinh tin Kk.uI l"- h.i.l, .iiul ilurc
prow 4II kim!i tit rnc* tint nn- in thr ixJifi, rvrn t ^llU-
trr", tluni^lillify K fi.tn:- in »)thriC<i\intnr*: Ihu Wjy
you r mr to M'jlifal^n i;i itn I)i»y». Ihe oilirr Way,
Iv the D.-inT^nd- Mini *, lii<, firll, t«> /'.(trtrd, *lurr the
Kinp h.ii a lUtily I'.iI.h<:, loMliltiiip; k\ Itm? iaiR'- I'lh^
«'f Stonr BinK'i";r, to tv. ty imr of ^^llnl^ U)on(» 4 l4r|V
iiarden. ()tip nl thrm, im thr l.rltli,iiui, alon^ the I ligli-
*ay, I' muih more bc4tititiil thin lli< oili' r thrto ; it iv
built of Frrcflcnf, t*n> St»>ry lii^;!!, ami has m it livcral
f4ir (Jjllirif«, WxW, 1*41 Iwii-, anil l.<Klj;in};-ri)<)ms which
arr tli-- Royal Ajurtm -nt'. Ht tun- ilr* Uiiiiilinn 11 a largi'
Icjuarc I'azM, and in tin oilirr tlinr Ironis h a jircst
I'ortal, With a tair lari'.r i'iatl.iriii, f4ii.'>l tciinr live IckK
hijjh, and « ill anhcd, wlurr rravillcr% ot l*i>ttuiK arc
kxTpri!, and ovrr r u h I'crul 1^ * ilrung lUlultcr. aiul a
Jittic tlia-iilxr Idr thr IjdiM.

Onf oi tliflVH, iK.'i:'(T» Ixlong^ entirely to thp(1iirrn,anti
thoiii;h r.o b<x!y may i»)>'nr in it m the (Jincn\ Al>(tiui-,
yet any one may fU* if, and walk in tht li.irddi, wlmli is
a iovi'y i'laic.anil well liipily'd nmiIi \S at-r. 1 In- whole
fiar^a i» tiimiJAcxl witli livctal CluirN-rs Utx thr
Lo»'j;ing< of jxyir 'I'ravrjltrs who, evrry Day, t«)W4rds
Kvciiinp, h.ivr an Ainu t«(K)W(tl ir-on tliciii <>! Kik and
I'uKl* rcat'y l-odn* , and lor thi» ihirr are a!i nal>l<* Krnti
Itttit-d: Bii: tT th • hidatrr^, wtw will rat ncithmp that i>

EiWi'ficii \y (thrr Hand*, tiny ^ivf tlicn l-'kur to iii4kr
read, a!id a httic Huttrr tu dip it in when it i« luktd,
hke a thin Brrad-Cakc. Krom f>n.ira the Road lui
llir»ui;;'i Jjiit^ger, I'Jtenfi, Ptn^u.ti, t^'.ifflpur, aiid l^t-
knhi'.ran, t" CuU'W, or (/a«;, lliis ull I'art ol ih' \S ay
IS very ri'v'.y, and amoni; thrle Rtx r^*, where thrrc is
any pixKJ Kart!i, you imd the (."ali.a tief«, thai har thr
It'll, and trcit laxative talTa of ary m the ln.ua. By
Coulcur rtins a Kiver, which falli into tin (fUji!) oJ Bt»-
;f.i/, rear .\ liifi: pit tan fmni lit lur the Roail In a tltniiinh
Kit K.ih, /'i.z.ur, whtrr ycu j'als ihc RiVtr ot Ceu.'tur,
Iniir, AMir.-f, >v!irri' they mull crols a {vtat River
U|<oii a r^t Boat ol liniN r, and In by A;/w.-/ to M.ifii-
j.uan. I Ins It a gicat City on tht Coalt of Ci.rtmandtl„
lyin;^ in H'^ ^o Ni..rtn !.»• It Hands ii]><,n the (jiilph
tit Jiftfu K. S. K. ffoni (Jcliond-i ; and though it Ixr Init
(iiiail, yrt It n wtll |)roj)levl. Ihe Strc f arr narrow,
am! It i> -nioi ral>lr imt there troni Mar.b nil 'July. Iht
Ihmlt-s are liii!f < I Wood, am! all lL|Mr.it(il otv- Iroiti ami-
thir, anil til Wan r isl'taikidi, iKiaulf the 'I ide comtrs
lip III It. Their IS unat 1 radii.R in Chim% Ixcaulc, In--
fidi s liiolir tl-.at are fiiadc th rf, u great many are brought
from .>.' Ti'jrm:, which arc muth tlmr, and fxtt.rC-i-
I(iut« t.ian t!h>l tioin othrr I'arf. of liditt. Ihc L<a<\ is
cxctlk't. ai, 1 t!ir Koav. for .S!ii|-i is l.'ic kit in :\l\ thr
CJul}>i» fl lii'i'a.', and liirrrlore Shii's tome thiti.-r from
a>'i Na!:.-n', ai.d po from tiieiuc to /•-•?», Sum, Ar<\ien^
Binf^at, Cubin-CiiiM, Mnca an<{ (Jrmux, and for thr In-
l.in>ls (It M.:J,:r-i:.tr, .utMira, and the Manilias. 'I ni»
tountiy ol Mij,:fai,!n, as wtll as th- (iralN, is full til
Iilolatcrs •, aiii (iic Fat;od» ar- lo lull of lai iviotis Kipurns
t<l MonCrtis, ihat one ( .inivit j^o into t irm wirliout I lor-
rur. It 1^ ex''fi!iiiR im.tUil, and I'rovifioni arc very
thrap there • A Stierp n bou^iht for rwrlvr-|)r;ifr,a I'ji-
tii.ffir for a H.ili-|>»niiy, and a 1-owl fur Two |i,tuc •, and
It '.s ih" liimi alnxjll tvrry \shrrr upon th- Coilts ol Cor-
uiiiiiul l-tnni M.-Hip.nnri t . Luniuut tn^ Way Its thus ;
V'-u )vu(V „\;//«,-;. (Ceiiir, and l\:tnn.i, thrrr linajj Vil-
W15'S ■•" '• ihc lall ol thiin a very pitjiul onr, 10 H.zjuirt,
a gRat I..VH1, whrrr all the Inlubitanf. rxcLit the Go-
vernor, aiid lofiu- ol hii DoiiuliKkv, an- liidatcri.

In rli I.HS-. ix a viry lar^;- I'ajirKi wulwui Walls,
coi.lliiii.p 1,! hiiv-tviro IMl,r. ot twenty l-o-Jt hi!',h, wh(.!i
Ui'l'.ol.i 4 l!at K ..; ol l-u- iKmr. 1 h y arc adorned
Willi! v<;al cmivillcl lii'iirrs o| very ujjjiy Dtvik, and
liv(ral ! .ns ol (..natrrcs I jrnv with tour Horns, oth<T^
w.i.'i !i;.t ly iy.'-, a:;.l la'., i^thcri loliiiij: oui u\^ii

Tonguis, and ».lhrr« in fcvrfal «'thrr lidiuiLm, |»„il,„
And liiwc.n the I'lllais Hand tin Siatuti ol ii'* '
(iod» u|H,n IVdflUk The |'a^.Hl it luikl in the M, i""
of 4 Court, rntnnipallal with Walls, adorned witJiin a 1
without, Willi tiK lanu l«ipurei ai the l'a|v*l, and 4 (^'1
Iciy, lulUin'it ly lixiy I'lllais, luns lound the W4II. y
• ntii into this Court through 4 I'ortal, wiih Nitj,,, ""
al'ovr 4noth(r, liii>portid wiih iMIars wlmJi (mye , ,
tain indian C'liaia.itrs u|Hin ihriu •, hut the Frielh tl/'
Ulve* hardly know tht Mcaninp. Uy tins Town ii i,"^
tlu r l'ano»l, limit ihk>h an I lill, to which dicrr is an \f
t.nt ol Ml .Steps, 4 very tmr a I out high: It ,, (^y^.
Kpiare, witli 4 L'upolo at the I op, adorned *iih I iimrcs
4i that at liij,iiufiU, In the Muldlc n an Idol littiKiicroi '
km'.'d, .dtir tilt Manni r 1 1 the C'ouiitiy i and m that |»o.
Iluir, alHjut l«iiir l(H>t high v u|ion thr I Icail, i% a tni.ie
Crown, Itoin whuh huir Horns extend llKn.li.lvri, and
It has i!,c I ate of a Man lurneil towanis thr lall. i/,^
IMprimsth.it conu «)ut ol U votion to thrit TajuHK, when
il.cy enter, ilalp tlmr Hands u^.ttlicr, and tailc tlicni uii
to their l-'orhrads, and then, .idv4ncinpto the Mol.iivout
Ktim, Rum, i.e. (JtJ, li'eJ : 1 hen havinp .iii(,intul it
with Oil, or l^'lmcared the lace with I'ai.itinj^s, tlicy riiiP
a liitk' Ik'll tiiat hin\'^'< u\i>n tlieMol; atur »\liich tluy
make iliiir Oltenngs ol .Sugar, Oil, and othci lutaUo
the rulicr Uiit .iiliiinp l'u(.< •> ol Silver.

I h- le OiVvrinps, tiiouph tht IVopIc are nude to hdifve
the Iilol u\m:\ them, ytt n amtain the I'lulls, thur Wivcj
anil Cliildicn, rxupt that thry relieve the |hjoi iMmm,!
With tlirm. 'I lure is 4 great IVall luadc in dn, p,.
pcnl ID 0:l(i>ir, lor three Day* topi iher, at wlmhTmic
there IS a prrat Coiuouile ol I'loplc liom all |',irtj
l.tavii.g i)'.it»r«7, you i rols the Rivtr tlut nuii tu (J.ui
and thrre Ia*aputs laither (oiiu- tu a I'agotl, Unit inxtn \
larpc riitli nil, with an Aliriit of httern or twenty
•Steps 1 in it IS tlie l-ipure <>l a Cow of black M.nble, a/ij
leviral other tlelornicd Idolk tour ur live l-iwi| lnui,
lome With many Heads and otlurs with niary ILuhIj
and I.egn i and thr n)oll uyly are moll adored, and re-
ceive t!ie moll Otlt rings.

JO. Thr next I own in the Road is A'.ii Kubi, near to
which IS a liiiall I'-ig'xl, w hi rem are live or lix Mi, ^, well
made. .And, liaving palled that, you come 10 Lu>iJn,ir,
a great City, cloinl m wnh lliorg Wa.li, with a Diuli,
aiul a Mojt, |>avid at thr Bottom ss,:.'i |-rcr-llon-. l.^il.
ward It llrctLhrs out to a Mountan about a League in
Compals, and lurniindrvl with Walls wiili I lall iiujcns :
Wit an t!iem arr three I'orfri lies, l-roni hiiu .■ you travel
fo Cti^ntivr, an. I lo to .iian^uixf, a very fair lown,
whric there is a very Lirg<- l'ag(Hl, wiili almmlancc ot
t hanibf IS lor tlic I'tirl's, aini leveral Idols, but tlicy are
laiirn toDetay, yrtan ru|yrllitioully .idorcd 1 y ilielVojiIf.
Vou po un to Noj.lrrpar, and lo over a large Kivir,
whith IS dry in Sunmcr, to Condnour, l)aiij<, AVww,
whrre thfrr arr maiiv I'apo.is ■, and lo trolliin; a Kiv;t tj
(I'tiiuroH, Sofpt'i, J'cHU, and .bVti'/'f ?«./, to /'j,';.j.V, t'J
which the Way lies lor 4 I /-ague thiuu^lithc .S.a.

It IS a l*ort that l)ck>nps to the Dutch, tlut livr upon
thr Coal! ot Cniniondd, and within 11 are ulually two
hundred .Soldiers. It is theihief l-'actory tliey have 111 the
JnJiei, where lives the .Snpenntendtnt ot all tlio rcll
which arc in tlic rerriioriis ot the Kin^ ot l',olit.n.U.
Thr Trade nunaf'al thdc by the /)«/,/> is in totton-
C lot!), ol whuh they have large Warthoulis. I lerc al-
ii thry rrlinc their Saltix-tre, whiih they bring hdiii
Hen^n!, and make (lunjxiwder, wit!i whiUi tiiry tiirnilh
til' :r oilier Fai tones, '1 he I'ort ot l\ilu,Uf, tailed G'l.r.'-
drid, li at a ;'<. id Dillanrr liom the Town, that it m.iy
not lir annoyr i i)y .'ihot (khm tlieniT. The BalboMi aic
well llorrd With P'jikI Ciuns, and the Sea tomes <t\i to the
Walls ol it. The Cjuvernor Jias litty Crown, a Muiith tor
his I'ay, ami as many for Ins Tabic and Cloths, I'ln;
current Monry lirre are Kuptti, and J'jgo.ts, whuh lall
are tour I lines the \'.iliie ol ihclorimr, l.incn:, whiili
urr lull (»oM and iialt .Silver, w.th the lame Siunp as the
J\i^.Ji, but the I'Ventli I'art ol a Ruf^- m Valur, and
(ia-uirs, which aic l-'iecrlt ol CojipTai, big as /''Jiit, I'lit
loity ol them air but the Woitli ol it. Ihc Z^K.'itcoin
ihii Mvney. Ihc Water ut thu I'jwa ijictchcdont 0!

. Hole*

Chap. 11.

from J. B. T A V E R N I !•; r.

839

^1^^, if,ir( <,t tlu-in he 4ll.)W% livi' liiimlrcil Aw/i.vj 4 Month 1
Uu, to the fell, lri)n» liliy to twenty. 1 hr tliit t hiVe
Men t(j iittcMul thi'n), anil Ian ilittn, und tluy 4(c iiijui*

tJllll'J out (it It.

i/. I roiii V.turvA you pfi through Raxia-Pttt, «

Ltiv roNMi, .\iul Oi/i/,v»«r to Om/^wWi;, wh'ti ihcrt; i» one

ot thtf nn at il I'.ijmuIi in liuiia. It i» Iniilt ot larjjc Frec-

, IliMU', anil luH time I'owi rt, where there arc ftvtral iIc

,n tUuk- two lo*i,s is thioUKh a Hat, lamly t. ..untry, loriiiai I'niuris ..» emlMlial \V<,rk. It i» ent<;nu.afltil

I oil U.th^ .Su.Ci ot It .itc Copio of UdMiboo's vuy with many little Ounilui^ t..r thr I'ndh bMigingv. I lard

"" ' ' " ' ' l>y It ii a wide Lake, upon the Hanks of which arc built

•cvir.il l\mo>ls ti^ht or ten loot Iquare, ami

i> loll ral)ly trrih

I'rum hence you ro to AWrf/^^taii, or toit St.
i;tvrgt, wliKh btk.nut to the JuxlijJj, ^herc is a Convent
oi Capuiluns) suui lo to MJuifeur, or Si. 'H'omat's
Town, (wKirr, thry lay, St. 'H>«mai w.h martyrMv nml
the WnJIlM H),lfs hue, juttclKl to iinvi- thi; lioo Iiikc
Willi li killrii him, the Jiluiti ati.i Ijavc a ( hun h
lUn-j UtrnnfroH, ami thm u^ Vnituki. 'I'lip \N ay Ik-
twe ■

ami

high ;in.l tliuk, wljitli Im al jjioilij^imii Niimbeis ol Ajiri.
1 liolc on one Sulc are invetetate l.ntiine!! to thole tin the
other \ ami it » veiy ^.'.oo.l SjKiit tu I lavellerito lit Ibme
Ikilkas 1)1 Kite liftweeii tiiciii, \Mili t'lnl^r^ hy them, to
nuke thcin lij'lit lor it, aiul ban r one another with the
tuil(7K I lie Ko.iil liitliU ih" U\w m N>iriiv<hoH aiul
Giiizjl. HereaUiut^ th.ie arellarei aiul llront', tJuarJi
atiliiir at every tw>) or thne laa!',iie>, who examine all
I'alli tie.. r«, wheme thry lome, uii.l wli.ilu r tl.ry (Vi •. lo
tlut Mill ii>ay trivel ih re with tliur Money 111 their
llaiiils.

It. The luxr I'lai- you anivi' at is r',«rf,», a ulcbrat-
cil I'agoil, when thru !•, liiile to be li.nl lor Man or Ikr.ill \
but the t ountry al'o..t it litmt; full of I lephants, tiie Kind's
Diluirs eoine iiitlur otten m f.ike tlitin. Tlic Manner
ol huntini; theni i.i thus i th'.y cm leveral Allies or Walks
III the VVoihls wheif they ai<', »iui liav.ny 'Imyi'tl .'hem
full of I'lis, wliieli tli.'V covir with Hui\llts anil I'.irth,
litre them by holl-jwuv;, jyatm;; ot Daiin-, an I iniHu-
inj; them with l'ik<'», wiih WlLI-tire li^^'ii to tin- I'.mls, in-
to tholt- Walks, where, btin;.; tumMeii into tlu I loles,

in every

one ot tlu 111 an jilol, re|irercntiiif{ lomc IJevil, with a
Bramm, who takes taie that no .Strang> r that ii not ot
thill ,Sii|irrllitiiin, Ihall eome to walh in, or t.ikc any Wa-
ter out ol tile Lake : Hut it any Stranger ilelirei. Water,
they give it him in an earthen I'ot » but it i' touches tlut
Straiinct'i V'ellel, they break it •, anil liiy, if a Stranger
llioiikl w.illi in It, It nuill U- ilraineil. 'ihiy are very i ha-
ritalile, ami will Rive any thini^ tliey have to eat or ihink
to IVrliins in Netellity. There are lever.il Women
ainonj', tin ni, who, h.iving m.ulc a \'ow to do ads of
Chanty lor Irven 01 eight Y<-'Jr., more oi ur-, lit ujioii
the Roail tontinually hir that I'.ml, with lire, 'I'obaito,
Kiee boileil with (.J^iiLhcn, a liirt of (ir.iii) like Hem|>
I'-eil, aivl Me.ms, and to every 'I'raveller they give Ibme ot
tlmr H>aus, Kice-w,Uir, .in llamllulot H\i.x-, 'i'oUicco, it"
t!i' y li .vi none, aiv.l lire. Oilier Womm live continu-
ally ou the I lighwayi and I'iekls, having m.idc a Vow to
e t nothing but what they tind iimligelled 111 the Dung of
Uxen, Cows, ami 1 UtIIs which thry feed with an hard

the I luntiTS bind their I'Vet and I'lunki with Koprs and lort of nook' d I'e.ile v and thtlc leed the Cattle with
Chains, and lb take ihrm t yet liiinc will 1 k.i' c the Cirals .ill tiie Pay.

The Dui.bcom
x'wWii II liichcd out 0!

hiiare, and are ever alt. r Ii) inilbulll'ii', that with .1 llon;',ii
they will ex.imiiie every S.i [i th-y lak ■, whither tiu'w is
not ail Hole in the \S'ay ■, and it i> .iliivjll im;jol]i!;lc to
take thcin agun. .Such as thry cateh, iln-y eoupie to
two tame ones on eacli Sii'.r, and If li.< Men aSiut tlivin
with lighted I'orclus at t!i- I'nd ot an H.ilt-|)ik' , to t.ilk
to t.ieiii, and pive them Meat, whiih 13 biown -Sugar,
boiled Kice and I lay.

It the wiid l',le|':i.i!'.t will not ear, the Men order the
tame ones to beat them with I'leir 'rninks,aiiil Ii) lo.illrain
him to learn Obedieme. Alter an I'.Kiih.int is tamed, In-
never meddles with the Female, yet is lijinetimes t.ikeii
with a hilllul KuL'.e, whiih never ends hut witli liniie Mil-
tlmt, as I hi Death ol his Rider, or li»me bo.iy elle.
Though the l-lri ham's Skin be very hard while he is
alive. It is all like melted (ihio wlu 11 he is de.id. 'Mure
are Llej hants in leveral l'art-.ot the Indiei, as in the llland.s
of Cnloii and Sumiitrd, the Kingd'ims ot (Sochiii, isiiiiii,
and fi(/«/.i«», on the Fiontiers iie.ir the 6>m/ Itirltiry,
luit they arc l.iui to be in the gnjtell NuiuIhts on the
Coall of Miiimla, l''.,iil\varil of Afnca, where the BiMks
ot the Cinnurics hunt them to tat the I'lelli, but are
obliged to f.ivc the Lord ol the I'laee the Tictli, inlo-
inuch that there aic leveral I'arki impaiieti with F.lephaiits
'leeth a Lt.iguf round.

It is oblrivaMe of the female F,le|>Iiant, when (lie
prows hot, that (lie makes herii ll a |',reat l}ed ot llcibs
and Wtids, lour or live I'iKit hii-.h Iroiu the (irouiKl, on
which, eolitiaiv to the Cu'.him ol .ill other C'leatun', Ihc
lies u|X)n her H.uk, in b.xptviaiioii oi the Male, wliom
Ihe calls to her by ,1 peculiar C ry : Ami thus they take the
Male in Ceylan, bs .1 tame 1 emali'. 'Miis is alio peiuliar
to the I'lcpluiits III Ceyic'i, which, though the Imallell is
the molt eouraivou-, yet only the tiill F.li ph.uu which
the Female produces ll.is any 'lulls. And it is alio ob-
Irivable, that the Ivory from /.'ifew, when it ^ wiouglit,
never (-rows yi How, as th.it does which conns out ot the
Continent and the hUt-lmues, which makes it more
eltenued than any other It is hud to find how Kmgan
Idephaiit will li\ci nor cm the Keepers or Govenujjs ot
them t'il you more than iluit Inch an F.leph.nnt w.is their
(.ttat-(iiandlathtr's; lo th.ir it may b<- conicotured that
they have lived an hundred ind twciiry,or an humlied ami
thill/ Years. Th.- breat MoiVil keeps five liuiulied lor
his lloulhyld, 10 caiiy lib Women, their Tents, and Lug-

I'rom OuKmelii yni travel tlirough Goiilii/{tU and Cc^e'
riH to (.iiDhlicitl. 1 iiw I'laee is one ot the llroligell Citiei
in the Kingdom ot CirihUt, being I'liuate upon the 'i"op
ot .in liigli Moih ! i.:! or Rock, to which there is but one
Alieiit, not ak'vc tweiuy-tive or thirty Foot broad at
tnolf, ami in !'■ me I'laces not .ibove feven or eight Foot
wuleat the m< d. At the Right-hand ot it there is a molt
hideous Free, ice, ami at tliK Hiittom ot it iun.s a v.ill
River. Upon tlie Top of the Mountain i . a fmall I'lain,
but a C^iarter of a League broad, aiul about half a League"
long. This is lowed with Rice and Millet, and watered
with many little Springs.

The City (lands on the .South- Tide of this Plain, and is
foeiieompaHed with i'leiipices, at the Bottom of which
runs two Rivers, that it has but one Gate to the Plain-
tide, ami that too fortn'.Lil with two good Walls of Frce-
Uone. Here is a I'agod, which !.•> laid to be the tairell in
all /;;,/m, wherein aie llveral Idols luine of Ciold, others
Silver, ami fix very large ones ot Biaf, ot which three anr
fet upon their I leels, and three lloo»l, and yet were ten Foi t
high a-pitce. Thefe Statues, when the N.ihab of the
Kingot i]c!it<i:i,i tO'ik t'le Cities trom its own R.ijah, he
took out ot the I'.kV'd to make liiin lome Cannon; but
with all the Art th' Artificer had, wiio was a Fn'Hiimr.n,
he could not melt them, .\\u\ lo he w.is toiced to leave his
Work uminilhed. 'i'ls a Cullom in this City never to
put any Man in I'lifon, but as foon .is the UlVender ii
taktn, he is examined, and Sentence is pronounced up-
on hini .iccording to his Crime, whicli is immediately
executed, and, it he be tnnucent, h': is as loon ac-
iimtted and diliharged.

I'lic Punifliment is generally inflicted ar the Difcretion
of the Nahab, or Ciovernor: One that had broken into an
I Imil'e, antl kilkd the Mother and three Cliddrcn, w.us coii-
demned upon tlie S[H)t to h.ive ius 1 lands and Feet cut off,
and to be call into the Highway, tr.eie to end his Days in
Milery ; an(;tlier, who had robbed upon the lligfiway,
had his Belly ripped up, and was ordeieii to be call upon
the Dunghill. In tin le Parts of huHa they have a very
quick Way of fending Letters by Foot I'olls, which are
more fpeetly than lloilemen* and the Rcafon is, becaule
at the l.iid ol cviiy two Leagues, theie arc little 1 kits,
where there are Men alw.iy. leidy to uiii as Iwu as any
Letter tunics,

7]m

U SH

!<:!

iV-

I'"'

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840

7..\ A'.7.

/■

/ (

;/ Miii !.^ of liidi.ij

^I'lr^

li'v^; ■

11. \ '•

t ^1 :

Tiu" Highways .ire i^Iaiitr,; wi:!i Tu.". like \\ .tl. . .iml
wlii-if fluir an- 110 rn-.>, tluti- .ir;- lli.ij.xt)! Sioni • iw.iti-
walhai, that tlido I'olU may imt millakc thin vV.iy in
tlaik and lainy N'mhts. lu)in (S^n.iue/ u> (,'^,',.in,i.i tin-
W.iv i;cs lull to (-Vi/...'.', a:ui tlKii to CV/07/ V Iutp you
r '.ilk ferry over a River. T'le B uts arc like wir!.cr Mal-
kft-, covcr:\l 0:1 the Oi.tl'ulc witli Ox-hiiii.-, and tilled
wiiii Ia£;i;();.s m the InT.-c, <>Vir which ihcy Ipiiad i'omt
T^jvlliy, to lii-ure tla- Cii-xnU f.oni w t. lloiu-- and
Oxen tnty I'wim over, and L\.Ji lies and Waggotis. lluir
Oars aif broad I'liccs ol Wood iike Shnvils. lliinj; |ull
the Kiver, you nnill yo to Morimii!, S.in.'ij'i.'j, and lion-
Wi-.i'tf, and (o ui A.'.i;«.-''/, a Iioiu.'T Town ot ihi K;:'ii;vloni
c! (jo>:(C.\ii, t;ii t!w Conijiuii i^l (.'(Im/i;/;, ..-, by i\J:\i'-
Mc/'j, and troin Uitncc yuvi navel to l.mi!.ip>:ui iK'Hsecn
thtlc two lall I'laus j\ils ihc l'ilgii;ns, whog-'iroin Hrutn-
for to vilit the (;riat Kani, i.(. tiie chict (iixl *hnh
liar. i<. in the K!:'i;doni v\ (',inni:u.i. I hry p) !our tliou-
lanvi l'rrK>i.<, M' n anvi \Vuni< n, in a LoiiiiJany, and in
r.il;ak,e5(.ov.i,-.; witli \ civtt "r Saiun, j-virl^id nmiIi tiuld,
fln.l h;;:-.g wuii ^ ixidaml ^mIvi; I rin^jr, in whkh thty lairy
thor hlols. On eacii Side o! ( very I'aliakie went a M.i:i,
w.th a laig^- tan nude of Oihul.is ar,: I'canxks Ft.at.ri'^
ol va':ous Cuiui;r>, and the I landl- overlaid witij GuM
and Silver. >M'.ii wluih th<y kicp the I-hcs t'roai the Idul's
1-au- i and o;» the lame S.de t/.re goes one w;th a ian hke
a 'iar^ft, wh'.ih IS adoriieil with Feathers l;kc tii.- Ir.rn-ier,
but hii 1 ttlj liilU la Cjoid a:-.d Silver r^.uiK: the I'^es.
Tii.s IS t > k'ic-p otV tlic Sun liuin the Idul, and loii'.' :inics
ti.ey Ihike it, i.> pical'c tlic U'.o', as thiy imaj^mc, wit.i the

Stti d ui the u<;k.

i ;,is Mii!titiidi' of I'l'j^iiiU', 'ti> ivd, bring; on tiic;r
\V«y, were fo llo} }.Hd by K..le!en Kains tl.at tiiry wcte
rc.;.AOvl to i^rcat '^tiait". l.'i l kk!, dixcially tor tlieir L'hil-
drrr., Willi h caultd great Laintniation among tlieni. In
thi'- tiTiiiiiy, the thuf of ihiir I'nelU fat down in t!ir
in; j;t ol tiiiiu. and rovcirv, hinMill with .1 Si-.cer, talied
I.:, ii n i.tfneii \ .duals to him, ar.tl alked ilieiii what 1:1 y
v.'ov^ki ii.ivc, a.! f.ir huw inaj-y ? ami \*hcn they jwd an-
l^'Tf ', i;r ^;.ivc tiieu wiiii a .r.ri at l.aiL- what :'ity wan-
ed I'lOni M'-\i.>'.T t!-.c S..ier, anil fo the whjie NLihiiuiie of
Itmr tf.Ji.ii i ^' i.?!i w'.re iulK faiistuxl. Tlie next 'I'own
1.1 t;;; H-ud t; i^-.ip-r, andit.vU li:p,;iii\ where there is a
jT..it i' f^> t I., A;;) a lii.\ to whi^li there is a circnku A:-
<i..: (.1 i-retlione every W.ty, the ifall Stone Ui.-;; four-
(vC. 1 I. It Ion;;, a:u! t'.ree liu .d. In llu- I'agc/d. are the
1- If; 11(5 of I.viTji D.iiioiis, and amangll dtiui^ ti-.cie is a
S-jtuc ol Itni Itar.ii.iij; ui<iij;ht, with i'.v.ral laUiVious
l-;i;'ir s aix.?;: i.tr, ai! c.i; out <.■! otic Fiiii vl Marble •, but
thi ti'-avi; ;^ IS v.iy ot.iiiiary. Iiom /'./ .;;,'.' \uu tiavtl
to Mi>in'>y th •! t I .M:J:eii\ Jv:: whleii ytjii \•^^\•> over a
KiViT i 1 tk,'.i!s i.Kc I'.iriii'.-r*, where you i;iuit give- tiic Wa-
i rr.nn i'j( h Nlinry as will ) IlmII- them, nr liicy will not
i.i-ij' y..i.jif.\,, nor your (>oo»ls. l hey i;!ncrally burn all the
ivi..-. y ;:uy t .ke fii try it, n'A il it tuins b.'aik in the Iraft,
lULj A,.! :;tui.- It, ai'.d I'ltn yi.u airivc at Dt.i'isrf'ti!.:, ^rd
UiC 1 ' y //...'. -.'J and Pt.n.ur,. in J;f>i.;rit, wh-th is an 1 loule
1.1 Ir ...I ;r (.u:it i;y tl.c Kn.^'/ Motliei, wuh a lai^c Pi.i.'./.a,
an 1 II, .iv.) I iianu^ti l<.r ,S;cai;;-r*,

Il 1..1 K.'4'i:ii 1 ■, 1,1 CtiTKd.f, iiilciuiit, Aw\ I'lfu'^'.ur,
1: jf I'l P vl.wans bu; in h as a't nvl Kings and

11 I'c.-i , attei thi KauA

;! to tiK i-,cid?. to ga: itr

.<.! 1 : ,■•> I ' . .1..' I. .le t';tirr-..,n m thtir I'a-

'I 'i as iiav>- li :Ti:- iiiiimIioh

i'a',-. s '(1 It, to j^ivc ihrai to

„> ■ i . 1 I. ni .I'.ct.trj you

■ s .>:i.it }i :s Lven lx.;iire o')-

I ;,;;:•-' .t ;^l L av, sir.- \\ ,iV I'f isuni-

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1;; I'. \\.tter,

:'-• Vs'.iiir lesTral

I ;.:. k'., I., 'J . t.iit .'1; 1 : i.ii li-,-. < ur ct

\s; '•■-. h" li~- ! j'..i.d ;..•:. nil l.iliii 1-ntly,

1 w.i.'i a V ■,»! "I i'l.ni 'V :ii'.:.'\ .1'; 1 uiu-

\ M.i.., J' •.: 1 . I: 1.. ,ii ill i!.e bidii t)i.j[

V,i -n i.: ..- . .. .'il'.i :' 4f \-'.i- w.i:. he

, .,!:,r • .. ' ■ y. 1. W.. :. ll.i; Ij, jll

, - ■ y t. ... » M.yi • '. • . ■, li.ul 411

Took I.

b.'ejihant, il he 1, is down, lan't i^et upaoaui. Wi(nb(tl
Suu-s aii- wJ! wa.bed. h,- .onus (ft \ i rhe K'vcr a '
Ibys asvl.tlo iii>i,;rl)t upon the liJinl.-liilc to dry 1,,.,','v'''
then iho MuXcT, v.ith tome red, or yellow Color iV'n' i
the Ikall on the I'orchcad, and uboct the lyes, linon'ih.
Hi eat!, and all behind, rubbing hini with C)i! oi L(jc(j's'
t.> llrengihen his Neivis-, and lnm< tiir.es whm ,i!| il .^^c'
done, tallens a ^.Mll I'l.ite upon their boieheadi. IheKoui
Irom Cs.'.on.ia by /ImnluAt to Sur.U u ul>o\c delcubr,:

All over this Lountiy there leems to be a C<;ntMit Ir
tween the Tyranny ol the great, ai>d the .Sybn-jiiion ami
l.alwur ot the lower lort. It n: .y not be ainils tu a K'
that the eoni.nion IVople in gnu la'i, thiouiji the /«.;;.''
are Iroin a Mixtuie ot vanotis NjtiM.v, \\i\\l t|,cir „j|y| ^j
.St.nk ironi the Opi'rdlM.n ot Lueign MalUis, and tiom
Icvd.il other I. lules tjiat need not b.- |artiui!arly nvjiuion.
cd, ktonic the moll over-reatli:n|;. in king, aiuiiliviif .1
I'loplf upon l-aith, lo that in all tr.ings diat jials :lii(iu'*i
their I'lngei', tluy lannot hiip givinu; a (.alt of iluir 0;.
lice, and ionic \N ay or otlier hookiri; a I'ait to tluiritiv,^
beyond what wa-. intended b^r tliui,. Ui u.'U Arts 1 iLn
i^;ivi- a tew In.llancfs.

riain Silk-warr'. ir.ay l>r aliertd in i.-ngtii, Brr.a.ii ,
and Qiiahty ; the <iuality fnews iti; If wlun they are of'ari
iven 1 lire. id, when the \Ve:<;t.; ih ctny!, ji.a v.liti; ti.a,.
IS no C'tton I'hr(jd iti tlu Wait. 'J h- Indi.iKi, mt
havmir ilic Art of gilding Siivn, \ ut into their Uri] -d
Wares 1 iiKads of pure C.iold, lo that you nmll count t,:::
(^lantiiy of l<old Thre-kis to lee whethir the itilk have if.
due NuniLvr -, and tins alio you niutl nblitvein ymir.lii,,.
or even with Silver. As t(^r Taliatie.-, y(/,i are on,\ tj
niiiul wiicther th. I'ieces l)c all ol a bin ncl,, and to lu-
by untoMiiig liime of tluni, tli.it there W notini;;' M!;!„n
to augment the Weight, and tlun, weiglunf; all th- I'lecn
by thcinleives, to lie that they all agre^-. 'i he Lol.v.nsr,!
tholii Cari;«ts whiih arc made in liiilia do not iait lo ion"
as thofc tiiat arc made in P(r/t.i •, but lor the Wc-kmaiv-
Hup, it is very lovdy •, the l.yc of th.- Ibi l^r is to ir;!!!;-:
ot the Largtnil--, liiauiy, anii linnds ot tlio.i; Latpr .
whicli arc wioUj;ht with tiold awi}. .Sl.vcr, and whether tii.r
be line and ruhi but wiietiicr they U* t,ar[)ets, or oili'.r
."stuft's niix d with tiuld, it bi-!iovjs the Buyer to pull ou:
Ibme ol tin: (Jold and Silver Thre.ids, to fee whiti.fr tluy
Ix- ot the right N'.dueorno. I he bVieits uluaily piitupin
Cahcuts arc in l';neni!», l.cngtii, aiul Breadth ; ev^ry liii;
rriay lontain two hundred rinc, amoi^g ivhuh tin v wiil
jui^gle m live, or li.\, or ten, his tine, or lei> whiti, lh.jit'.r,
or narrower, tJian aeiording to tb.e kanthng ot the Baic.
whith cannot Ix: found out, bur by rx.imining tlifin I'lc r
by I'lrce. The Mnencls is dilierneii by the 1 ye, the
Length and Hr.-adth by Mcalurc.

But the h.itiii! praitile a inoie uinniig way, v.'in.h i;
to count t!ie NuiiilHr ot 1 nreads wliiih ought to Ix- in the
Bnadtli, aiconiing to the linenels ol ih;; bi'antlni'.', 1 when
the Number tails, it is cither more traiiljuirnt, more nar-
row, or more eoarl'e -, the liitVerriut- is Kinutimis lb iliiH-
cult t^. ir jx-rix.vid, that then is 1.0 Way to (ount it ou'
I'u: by 'r.'.n.ad.s, and yet this Dilil-Kin c m a gnai (juan
tity lorr.es to a grrar ileal , loi it is 1:011, ing to luu/. n a
Crown or tw<i Crowns in a l*jeie, that < i-mrs but to l.ttteii
or iwi rty Crowns. I hole that whitdi tli.le Caluuts, to
lav- Chargt^ (■! a few liCriioi.s, will knoi k the Cah.iiis
ixi^-iiivily u; on a .'sfonc, whiii, diKS tine C aluuts a grra:
deal of Injury, anJ lowers the I'liee. As lor llieir ('-(i-.l
C'aiiaits, I hn or black, you mull take care that the Wii.k-
mc i do not kni>ck ihtm airci tluy ate tuLied to make tiinn
I(«ok fleck -, for many timi-s when tlicy tome to be ur.luLl-
cd, you n.al! tind I lobs in th-. Cnales. As lur their pa::urd
ain; printed Caliei.ts, which arc p:i:.tcd as they (.i.'ne oi:t
of the laxiin, tiic Mcrihar.t mult take lair, that what he
U:l'pK.-a!.s be liniflied brloie the I nd ol the Ivaiiis i ! r rlie
ihiiker the Wat-,r is, where they at- walhcd, ti;.' mot.-
l;v' !y will the jtintcd and painted Colt-ur-. appea.'.

1; Is ra!y to dillinguilli between t:.;- piint;.-f! and \\\':
J aii.t: (1 (. alu uts, .md k twtrri tiic Neatnel.-. ol the \\ ork ;
but tor th'- l-inends, and otlici i^iantic,, they ar-: ."ot I >
rail y difcen^ed, and tiierctorc rhc Broker tnull be nioit
laidul. 1 he Cheat in the ^\ui-^.t is two t'.-ld . tli^
tiiU, by Liyii.ii lliuu in a mudl I'u^e, and (htiilling m t!i :

Mil:.:

iiuok I.

lies
, or

lili

loi
lie

ft
It,
(I.

trc

-lul.- to ^iry l,.„j-,:, _

yellow Co!,r..,n,r,^,>,

"■t tlH- l-.ycs, upuiu;)!

•"' with C)i! <,r ecco,,s
;ni> tiiiu's when n!l ti ^s ^
ir ^oidiMds. Tl,cKo:ul

lis to In; a CoiUMit [If.

■ •"''! ilie Suhir.iiiion and
!■■ 'V tun Ik- air.ils to aikl,

'•ll. lllfOU'Ji (lit /;,,,_„'

Jt.'.r.s xvit!, tlicir iutu,,',j
■'H" MalU.b, a.,d |,o,n
>t Ik- r.trti(iii,inyni.iuki;.
■np.. tiAir.g, aiuliWutM
I' ii'i'igs iJMt pals ihrou'j',
i;'vin-a tjil „(■ ihi-ir 0;.
'kii^;.; a I'art to tlumlciv.-,
"Ui.. Ui th-k. AitsIihJl

k-ri.! Ill l/ra,:,, UrM.i, ,
i"lf wlun tlu-y arcot a,-i
; '•• <'i|i!a!, ar.d whcu [i.^r,.
^Wlt. 'J I,,. /,^-v..;,j^ n,^.
■fr. jHit into tluir (Irijca
J that you niull count t,;-
• wlicilur tiicbilk luvni'i
n.iiU ( liUiVi-in yo'ir.lii,..,
I'aii.itR-, yovi ate on,v tj
'I a liii ;icJ>, and to lu'.
It tlicrc lie notiii;;;^ Wi;;..:^
n, wci(^li;ng all th'^ iVc",
" .i'^ro-. 'iiic t()|,/j„(,,
I />;,//,j lio not hf\ u> ion-
but lor liic VVo;kriKin"

tjt i'l Ihi'.sLt IS tw i'.iil;-..

linciKli oJ tho;i.-Caipr;.
! .Si.vcr, ami wlictlier t!i. /
hey Ik- (. aipcts, ( r iiihv
iws the Buyer v> pi:ll ou:
rt-.uis, to 111 \vln!!,pr th'.y
<• IV(.\iisi,luaily |auiip).T
aiut IJiraiJih -, every liii..
, anioriR which t.'icy wiil
1IX-, or lei, whit(, Ihjittr,
thr leantl.T.g ot the Baic.
by rx iiiimiin; thfii) Vice
icriuu by the 1 ye, th.;

I- iimnirg way, v/li,, h i;

which Liut^ht t'jlxuitiie

fs ol the iK'-Uitli:;;'; whrn

rt- trauljairnt, more iiar-

lUf is tollUIUlRS lil liilH-

i no \^^ly to Count it our
Fciini c in a yrtai Quan-
It l^ tiotliing to lou^ n a
that I i4llr:i hut to l.ttcrii
wl.i.vn t!i:!e Calaurs, to
wi,l kncjik the Lah.i;;s
ci(KS Hnf talicuis a grrat
ICC. As tor tltfir ilyej
take care that the Work-
■ ate t.jiJ.eJ ro make t!inn

tl:cy cLnic to be ul.'o.M-
alcs. As I'jt their pa. ucj
f ;i:itcii Ji they (.(.'lU* oi:i

take care, that what hi:
id ot tliC liaiiis ( I'.T the
y ai ■ walhcJ, t.:.- mot'.-

L'ulcur'> appear.
ten lie print:;.'! and i.'i':
; Neaiiieli of ti.e \Norit ;
^i.ii.uci, ilicy .u- rot l>
le Broker mull be nioi':
cul.t u two t'^ld , th^
i4».i-, HI: J tii:u;bij;irith:
Mi.i;.;

Chap. II.

from J. B. T A V i: R N I E R.

841

Mulcllc of every Skain fomcthing to add to the Wei^^ht v of Tmwm into the Sea, and fo came all aboard, fcndirg
the (econd IS, by not giving good Weight, when the away a .Shallop to Cmmlmi for a Diver. When I found
Broker receives it from the Workmen, or Merciuiit that thai the Vcllbl would not fet fail, till two or three Hours
delivers it. There is but one Cheat in the (Jiulity 1 tli.it is, alter I)ay-lip,lit. I went to reft, my Boucha lying in the
by putting three or iour Skams ot a coarler CoiiimiKlity lamc'l'latr liall out, and half withinlidc of my Bolfter ; but
than tiiat which is uppermoft:, into one Mein, which in a when my Sirvants were gone, and I alone, and afleep in the
t;rcat Quantity, mounts high, for there are fotne Cottons Cabin, iky oiinniiip,ly Hole my Boucha, took out the Eng-
that arc worth an hundred Crowns the Mein. Ihelc two lifi> Packet, and left the other, which they had counter-
Lheats Ixing often iiled by the Dtilcb Company, ilure is Iciled, in the I'lace, being only fo many Letters of blank
,10 Way but to weigh yoiii Commodity in the I'leleuce cjI I'apei, tomiiig to Sum the fath of Afrty following, 1 gave
the Dtt/f* Commander, ,ind his Council, and to c.\ainiiie the I'.u'ket, as I thought, which I had received from the
(very Mein Skain by Skain ; when this is done, they who hiijilijli Ap.eiit at Vuminoii,, to two Capuchin Friars, to de-
arc ordered to l>e at this F.x.imination, are oblij-ed to lix to liver 10 the I'relulent at ,V«rii/ \ but when the Prefident
every Bail a Ticket of the Weight and Qiiality ; for if came to open the Packet before feveral of the Company,
there be a lailurc, tlu-y who fix the Ticket are obli'ieil to there was notliiiiH but white

nuke good what is wanting.

the workmen have made up the Indigo I'afte into Lumps,
with tlieir Fingers dip)Kd in Oil, tluy lay them in the Sun

iig hut white Paper made up in the Form
1 have told you, that when ol l.etteis, wiiich when I heard, too much to my Sorrow,

I undeillood the villaiious '1 "rick that VanWuck had put
upon nie,

I wroie a fmart Letter of Complaint to the Dutch Ge-
neral ill !ljt<)vi,i^ but finding no Redrefs, I was forced to
undcr(4;o the hard Cenlure of the Eiiglijh, who would not
neiinit nie to jutlify myl'elf However, as it is rare to fee
I'leathery go iliipimifhed, the Complottcrs all died mi-
(Jovcrnor ot the Place ciil'covers the Cheat, he makcsthmi fiably, 'l',mll''Uik fell into a violent Fever, and being
l(verely p.iy tor it -, and the Ixill way of Difcovcry is, lo ( l;arj^cd with the I'hcft, thinking to defend himfclf with an

a klrying. Now thole that have a Deligii to cheat the Mer-
chants, dry them in the Sand, to the i:,nd, that the Sand
iliiking to the Indigo, may increale the Weight. Some-
times they lay up their Palie in moill Places, whith makes
it give, and coni'qii' ntly renders it more heavy •, but il ihe

burn tome I'ieces ot Indipo, for the Sand will remain.

The Brokers are, as ic were, the Mailers ot the liuliiiii
F.imihes, tor they have all Goo>!s at thiir Dil'por.d. The
Woikinen tluUe the mofi aged, and moll cxpeiieneed, who
are to endeavour equal .-Xdvantages lor tlie whole Tribe

I'tluiviK'ation, taid,tliat if he took the Cloak-bag, he wilhecl
111' mi|i,hl die without fpeaking a Word. In three Days ended
his I, lie, |uil ill t!ie lame manner, and at the fame time
til U lie had imprecated upon himfelf -, Bozan, his Lieutenant,
.itii r a j^rat Debauch, going to deep upon the Terrafs of

they undertake for ; every Lvening that they return lioin the t .ilnii, where he lay for Coolnels (there being no Balu-
their Bulinefs, and that, according to the Ciilbjin ol the lleis) rolling and tumbling in his Sleep, fell down, and the
Indians, who make no Suppers, they have eaten loine nexi I )ay was lound dead in the Sea, The Captain, four
little Pieces of Sweet-meats, and drank a Glals ot \Vat>r,
the cldeil of the Tribe meet at the Broker's I loule, wlm
gives them an .\cci)imu ol wh.at he has done that D.iy, and
then they conlult wliat he ;s to do next. Above all tluin>
tliey caution him to look to his Hits, and to cheat, lather
than be cheated.

Wc will dole this Sedion with a remarkable Pall'.ige re-
lating to our Author'^ perlonal \ Iillory, which is very wor-
thy the Header's Notice, though it does not imnu diately
relate to Trade, the rather, bccaiill- the Tranllation that
h.is been publilhed ol his Tiavels, gives us but a very indit-

leient .Account of it, notwitlillandiiij.; the Author has taken

",reat Pains to relate it very ciieuinlhintially, as he lliouj^'jil
n would give a true Picture of the Nation it concerns. In

t!ie Montli of .Ipril lOt^s, he emliarked at G^uiuion 111
Piifi.i, lor Su'\ii in the InMa, on Board a Dutib I'ackti
Biiat i which ()pi>ortiiiiity tlie En^ltfo Agent took 10 i luige
him with a large Packet ut Letters lor the Eii^{.'jh Prelideiit
.it >'.7ri7/, ill which .illo were included fuch as btlongcd iii
private I'erfons in tiiat Factory, and in other Pl.ues ol the
iuiics. riiis Circumllaiice was taken Notice ol by one
l^\r.Gt/mlirot, a DmJ.mdn, who h.id tr.ivelled through
Pcijiii t y Land, .i\•^^ was to go in the lame Velli 1 with our
Author to S:ir.il, and he communicated this I'leee ui Intel-
ligence to Mr. lit-iiry I an-ll'ink, who was then the /);//. ■'■
C°iief .it Cumbron, and he immetiiately lormed a Puijcil
for Healing this Packet, in order to dileover the Suite i>t
the Eng!^P> AlVairsi but in the firll^^lace went on B.unl the
Ship, and enquired ot our Author, if he iud any huh
Packet, who very ini'.ocently told him the Truth. Alter
liaving thus opened the Matter, and obl'eived that the
DhUv Capuin ai..l I'lli't were in the .Secret, we Ihall piiilue
tiic Accoui.t in the Author's own Words: Mr. (.'./'"''''i-'/.
lays he, having leeii the Size of the P.ickit, |',ave / ,(«
If Uiii a Delcription ot it, and lo both together they luii-
tiivid another ol the lame l'iirmandBigneh,.is near as tliiy
c^ add. When 1 i aiiie oil Uo.ird 1 took the E'ulijh Packet,
^■•A licked it up ill my Ik-uclia, which is the lurt ot Cloak
b.i- ih.it i'. ufcd 111 that Couutry, and l.ii.l it behind my
liuTller. Theie were two Shallops knt on B )ard us, s^luiem
ihere were lixty Bags of Silver, containing lonie lilty, lonie
an hundred ■loinaiu apiece. I'ir.L- B.u-'s they uiil.ide.l
verv K ilurely to gam Time, watching when 1 llioidd be
l;.,!,, to Bed i but when iluv law tliat I dkl not go toicll,
i!,e i):i Jj euiilulted ti';.,,tlKr, aiid .igieed icj let tall a B.i- 1>J b.' Iwuiul.

01 live Days .ilter his Arrival ar Sural, being met in the
Slieeis liy a \fohammtdm, who was jealous of his Wife,
and being millakeii by him for one among feveral Franks
fh.il had parted ilu-m, and kept him from correding his
Wile liime tew Days betoic, was ftabbcd by him in three
or tour Phircs with a Dagger, which killed him outright ;
ttiid this was tin I'.nd of thel'c treacherous People.

;{, Wc may g.itln r tiom this remarkable PafTage the

Rraloii why our Author had always a ftrong Diflike to the

O-ilih \ lor it is not probable, that after fuch a Tranfac'tion,

they lould either lorgrt him, or he them ; but it feems not

A little lliange, that this Account fhould be fo much Ibi-

tem d 111 the i.n^Ujh Tranllation, and no Notice taken that

the Piiliiii who did him this Injury was the Dw/f/.) Chiet

at (!<iMli(i», to whom he was particularly recommended,

.ind a long Leitei hkewife omitted, which he wrote to tl.c

y)rt/. A ttovernor at lUiaiui. In a Work like this, where

we piolels to make a Colledion of Voy.iges and Travels,

tin ll I'll ecs ought to be left out, as refer only to particular

Men \ but the Rule is certainly otherwile, in Reference to

Books that are given to the World as exprcfs Tranilations 1

for which Realoii I am inclined to think, that there is fome-

thmgniylbrioii* m this Omiil'ion, and that the Author of the

l:iti^,:,h I'lanllatioii w.is a better Friend to the Du/ch than

M! 'iiiiiiiiur, and theretorc did not think fit to trult fuch

an imKhkv Story as this with an Zi»f.';yZ) Reader, cfpecially

at thai JuiiOluir 1 lor this Verlion of our Author's IV.ivcIs

w.ii puiilillied ill die Ueign of King Cliarlcs II. not long

alier the dole ot ilic lall Dutch War.

I am the rather inclined to think this, beraule, ar tlie
I'.nd ol tin tilth Book ot M. Tavoii!:i\ Travels, there is
a veiy curious Pclation ol a grots .VlVront otVered to Kirg
<.7i,(/,vi 11. by the DuiJj 1 .i^ory at G.uiiiircn, who burnc
Ins PkIuh 111 the moil ignominious Manner, whi^h is alio
leli out in the Eii[i!ijh Tranllation, and of which the Re.ider
Ih.ill, liovl willtiii',,' have an e.\a.^l Verfion in tiie fuccced-
ini\ \oliime ot this Work. At prefent, it is lulficient th.u
we mention llirfe things becaulL- they will ferve to explain
Icveial PallajV s in the fuccetding Sedion, which contains
the Remainder ot our Author's hdiM Oblervations, toge-
thci with an Aemunt of liis Return by Batr.iia in a Dui.i.'
Ship to hiiicf,; 111 which occur a Multitude ot curious Cu-
cuiiillamrs, and many rem.ukable PalTages, m t-lp; el to
the I lillory and I'radc ol the Indies, that arc no sshere eleJ

SI c

S L C T

'j^-

iri:

Ml-

;■::'■ m ''

.*t

'■■■ ll ,;:

M> i--

ll^'tfu

■' 1

842

7bc Cnmlujiufi of thi Trirjcls though IiuIm, Book)

SECTION XXX.

7/.V Concluf.on of the Remarks and O'fo-vations of Mr. J. Riptill Tavcrnii-r ;';; hn Jravci
thf'<;ui^h the liuHcs, together nith his /Iccotoit of the Dulcli Settler/untSy and of bis k'oyuvi
on Board a D\\\<\\ Ship fom H.itavia so luiropc. ' ^ ^

VViittcM bv himrclt" toon after Iiis Return. ' ' '

1. An Jiiii.nt of the Ki'i-J-'i "/'Macartar, in fbr f/I.:nJ rfCcMK'\. z. ThcCmnuh ^^t the i^,a>y.rcr.-^u-i
tl.Y K:ng <//' Macallir, "ttrJ thr Dutch. 3. 'I hi' Mciins h\ tJvili the King vas tcirarttJ to tic .\I(,lu„",!
inrJan ^Rfli^ion. 4. f/v .lu.'bori I'oyugr Jhm Miii-rcla to t/:r IpiiJ 0/ Ceylon, tutfilpojld uitbv.irioui
RoK.:rki. (,. TI.V Jttlki'i IXfti'tur Jrcni Cx'vloii, and ha Arrive/ at Bata\ia. 6. 'The ill V/ln^e t/ji
I'rawU m.rt '.ctth f'cm tlv Uutch //; /Zr Kail-Iiuiics. 7. An In/iiime cf iLh-ir R.fp.cl liknoifc fr,,- thr
l-.n^lilli. S. •/■/•<• Autkr i^ws /; r,'/;/ :!:r Kim; '■•f H.mtain, in orM-t to f?llf'im Jhm,- Ih./mo'ids. f. A 1\:
llnpfion of tb,>! AfoK.rrdi' 1 PtiliKf, itmi of the K.; .ftion our Arif/y>r mrt with fbcrr. 10. ///i Krfurn ti

■t> .' • ■ J /• ^tr ....... .-.. .1. .t n:..: . . Hi, -.,.^~... Kf^.t.. :.. U: ■ A,,.. V "V •_ n ,.

*:.^

■ 4 ;'; V

-ri

1^ ,

* !

'* %:h ;

_v^

!'^:1Ul

tit Bata\u. 14. //• nrJujrks thcrf en Baird a Duti.Ii /'V/M /'; '-"/«/" to return to F.urope. . ;. Antvul
at, ,ir„i our Anfh'.r's Ol</?r'e>:tions an the Ccuntry ne.:r f/je Cape ot' GdOii-Hojic. 16. H/s Rrmaris uf.n
the [ihiiJ ff/'St. Helena, -^-hiib tbcy tcudcJ at in their Pafag-. 1 7. Return to Holland, end luij'( lj,,gf
/'. tk Dutch.

I- )i.ivr Ixforf jrivcn a l.irt^e Acrrnmr of our
.■\-.uhor's Ohi'crv.r;or.<. on t!ip Kmf^J(jni'. in
til- /-.i/?- /.•;..•.•,-.' ti: rhc Vfry Frontirr^ot Ct-.-ia,
o'' which f'np:rr, it Iccni', iic ;u i likrw.lV cuiicc'trd (bmc
r-;v<urt rr MfOKU , thoi;^H hi> Modcrty woti'il not luft'cr
h'v. tn jMihli!^ tlu-m, IvfaiilV thc:c wrre alrrsi'y fcvfral
pT.-.rai Ifllciru-"; ot that Cov;:ify wnttrn l-y luch a% had
rrl'idrd th'ir for m.iny Vc.irs ar.i wctc thcrefoic iikciy to
br Utter arqdaintfii wirii it tli.in h;.'. 1:\ ordT. however,
t'» ri-Uivi- t!u- krt Mtth'xi jvffibjp m lii< Rrlat.on«, h-.-
f irto frnr.) thr Kippdom (it Siam, oil t!ir Ccntinirt, to thf
[; .a; li.ard of C.r.i'Jts, of \v!-,:i.!» hf ha". Riven us a very
c )p.'ius am! ^•~vj rurious Ac«a;nr, much lu}>cr;or to any
t'n; (; wc nifi't with m t!ic ^rncral Hiilorif* ot th' Indtts
Vy P-r::r^;trzt Wiitrrs and ihi!ri<>rr it coincs in here vcrv
pr'^jvrlv, A\ a '•rj pit i-tiit m what wc have lie fo;r trai.l-
rwlvd if.m thuU- Wf.rrrs in the farmer .Scftion«, and at
t'l- l-in-Tiiinciirvr-^ lor v\ IntriKiitdinn to what thf .Author
fay 'I t!)' Kr.'iiction nf thac lilan.l, or at Itall nf the |fin-
ri-'al K'df. oni thrr: .1 by the Duul', who arc dill Matlci^
thrrrnt, irA .'r rivr fr.in> thrncr Vfry ^i-.« Atlvantj^i s.
We nuy ritl;<:i a;r.()ii(;ll theli- tlitit cxrliuii: (^ all tsthrr
Nit.o' • tv-m .my t. "nitivrrr hen-. Wat to protccd 1 ow to
0:1. .A ;r'v •'" N.iMiioii, III his own Words.

'I !ie Kiii^ioin ( ( Wii. .'/f'tr, wiiirh i\ in (lie Iilc of Cf-
/•■.'■, brn:r',:i: «!•,;.• 1 s,* tit S<)iitlift;i I Jtiaidc i the Heat'; .irf
txrtif vf ji! the D.iy.but the Nr^lmarc tcin|>crate riMiU[;h ;
»" ! !i r tlir S. 1!, It is very f-itde ; I vr the I'ctJple luve not
t!;r .\t '>\ 15uil,!irj; llic (apitjl ( ity W.m the Name ol
ttie K •'pifii, .I'l.i !A fitoiti'd 'ij»'o the '^ea. The I'oit i<
f;"' , ttr rh;- V '.l-ls that Sr:''.'; t;rt4t t^nr.iities «it (icikIs
tri>m the ai.'.irfi'.: lilarnu pay i„i CiiiKjii.s. The lilandi-rr
have I t niacin til )<iili.n tlieir .Arrows; .ir.d the moll i)ji\-
{;<ri'i;s I'-'iI .0 whi It they iil'r ;i the Jiiic; of f-rtam Ireci,
I'l t'-.r I '.and 0} Hcrnrc, wlii. h rh^-y v»iil tvn)|>er fo as tu
Work fsift or fl<iw, as thry [ka..-. They hold, that the
KiT}; lias or>Iy th; (iret R'ttijt t.j rake away thr Kon c of
;', »':0 !.<r.N4;f> fh.1t h'. has the nio!! crtrttua! I'oilon in the
Wf r' ', wlnh tf.tre is no Kc-ncdy 'an j^rcveff

()• (■ !).iy .m hi^liJhmJH, in t'l- Heat ol B.maI, had
k!!!td c/c (f the Knii; of MiU:iJl.:r\ Suljjtif^s, and tliongh
th'- K.:'(» had J .irdor.n) him, ya lioth Rn^.i/h, HJinndrn,
ar.ii f':rlii/u;Z' ff.m-d, if t!ie Eny'i'hiinn ftioul I ^.'o on
{-•"i'l"-!!, lei) t'le lii.ndcrs ftn.i.ld i; v. i.j;e tlsemK Ivc u|i(in
I'.me i,f thf-in, I e! .t:{^ht the King to pot liini to De.itli,
w;'ih V nh ninth ado t>eitig (onlcnfed to, the King, iin
w:i' •"' ff I -)» l-.mi to a h-grri!.r; D.-ath, and dellrf.tis o
fh'-s ti,»- V'F-cl of Iiis P(;i!otr, rd-.Iv-xl to fliojt the (.11

»|..r

n.:nii h: ' I'l'; wlirrniit)!! h'-
h:m > X !■ i.';, i!:to t!_- i.':e.j: | ,
■ 4ili'.',i.itnV ai:j.> ! ii I '.s>j

r <;!'. a

. .,1 t'i
■.■:;c'j,

|i!iif» I'nilik and llioi
r;]',lit I ( (It, t!i' I'll' e
'., Ulit a:. I.'i^.'jhihuii,

and the other a Datclmtiv, provided on purpofe, immrdi.
ately ait off the Member ; Init for all that tiie I'oilon li.i.l
dilfx-rled itfi.lt I'o rjyedily, that the l:r,^l:Jhni(tn died at t!'.e
lame tiine. Ail th'' Kin^s and Princes ot the lull are vrn
diligent in their I-.nquiry after ftrong I'oifon^ ; and I re-
memtxT, that the Chief of the Dutch l-'irtory :ir.J. I trirj
feveral jH,i|i)neii Arrows, with whirh the Kinf;nf,l^'«
had prelentcd hitn, by Oitiotinf; at -Squirrels, w!io k-Il down
dead a-i loon as tver they were torn hed.

The King of Macafjr is a M.hitmmedan, and wi!l not
Uillcr Ins Suiijeft^ to embrace Chriihanity ; yc", in t,i;
Y'ear 16^6, the Chriftians found a V\ay to g;rt Leave to
build a fair Church in Macular ; but the next Year tlw
King cauitd u to be pulled down, as alio that of th-- Dc-
miiii:.iH f'n.u-s, which the Pcrlu^^tazc m^k u> of. The
farilh-C hiirch, which was under the (JuverinnfPt "^f ths;
."^t-cuLir Ptielfs, Ihvxi ftill till the Dut.b .irt.ickcd .V;,:,'.;r
fjr, an.i corniJclled him to turn all the I'criri^icn oi;t of
his Dominions. 'I"he ili Conduct of t!iat Prince v,'.l;, in
prt, the CXcafion of that War to wlncli i\,c Dntd' were
moved to r'-vn^' thenil; Ives ujKin the l\rtu;n:z; Jci'.:its,
who li.id crolU-d thei- l-.mbally to CiiiJ : Belides that,
they oftl-reti j^reat .AlTronts to th- Duiel' .it Maajjar, ef-
jn-cially when they trot! under Fixjt the | (at ot one ot the
Dutch f iivoys, who was fent to treat \sith the Kirig in
Bchall ot the Company. 'I'hcrcupon tin- Duiib rdulvcd
to unite their forces with the Mr.cnjf.fi^ns that wire in
Kchtllion af^ainlf their Sovereign, and fo n venjy t'lerr.-
lelves at any Kate.

1 Now, as to the BuTmefs of Chincty it Iiappcrirl thus;
towards the l-.nd ot the Y'ear if')f,S', the denrra! of Usia-
via ;M<d his Council, (int one ot the Chief uf the D;//»Z»
Company with {"relents to the Kmi; of (.l:r.j, who, amv-
ii.r; at Court, laboured to obtain tlie Friendlliip ot the
Man'l.inns, who arc the Nobility ol the Kir.f^doin ; but
th' Jrluits by realon ol their long Alxxie in the Coun-
try, ujidrrliood the Lan(.;ua|',c, and svere ai(]ua;ntcd with
the l/irvis ot the Court, lelf the D»iih Company rt:i.uM
;,et I'ootini; to the Prejudice »,! the Pcrtu^itfze, rt;.'e-
lenttd levcral lliinj;'. to the Kin(»'s Council, to the D.tii-
ment of the Ditteb, more tipciially thar^inj^ them with
Btvacti of Fjith in all the Places wh' re tl.ey came.

I. i^iO th:":, the ]>uttb ,A!j;cnt was liiimured, ;inJ df-
parteil out ol Clin.i without doii.j; any (iood. Alter-
\saril<, coniirij.^ to underifaiid svhat a Trul; th.' Pjr!ii;^utze
J'lu.t . had put ujxjn hiin, he ni.uli; Report thcrtol to the
(i'lveiiior and his Count il at batavui, whi^h fo iiiLcnled
them, that they telolved to lie revenged ; for, by the De-
puty's .Aciour.t, the I'.mlulljy hat loll thrm above tilty
ihouiiiid Ci')wns ; t'jr whicli (hey tonfnlt/d how to nuk:
iiir I'ui.'ui^ui. pay il'jubl' Ijiidtrlta'id 'ii! ilicicfuic the

Trai;

fc '. . .* i*

Chap. II.

f>om J. B. T A VERNIER.

lull
ti'ls

i'rack whirh the Jtfiiit'' drove in \iacao and to the King-
dom of AftU/ifftir, whithir, upon their (jwn Aciount,
they Ant rv<-ra! Vcn'ri", i.ukn with all fyits olConimo-
dif.rs as well lit liuh.J x-O^'t-a. Tlu-y tool; tiiis 0()[inr-
tunity, and un tlic 7tli ot 'jiiiie, 1660, a|j[icurcd with a
Ficir of tiiirty Sail hctorc tin' Vwi of Akajjitr.

The King, thinkin;-; hinifilf obliged to ii.ake Defence
jgair.ft To potent an [• iirniy, < ndcavourtd to liiibin the
Brunt of the Diit(l>, with th; Voriugiuzc iJlups in the
Road ; but the DttUb dividinj^ tlicir Mtct, Part of them

[;lit tlic PorlttgiKZf, the other battered tlie Royal Ftjr-

• fo furioiifly, tiiat they carried it in a fiiort rime,
wlin h fo trrrified rhc Kint^, that he comniandcd the Por-
titpae not Xi fire any more for fear of fartlur luovokin'^
his I'licniic;. Tiic I'rincr Pntinjalva was llain in the
Fight, whicii was a great l/)fs to the King of Macajfar,
who was become formidable to Ins Neighbours, by the
good C'ondihtl of that MinilUr. As ior the IhUib,
tiny took, Ixjrnr, and funk ail tiie Portiig'ifzi Vedels, and
fuffitientiy rcimburltHl thenil'.Ives for their C/wf/t' I'.xpences.
Tlic Thirteenth of "juvi tlie Kiiij; of Miica£ar, whofe
N inie was Sionbovi, liuny; out. a whiic Fl.i^r from another
Tower, whence lie beheld the I'ight, environed by hi',
\Vivts Durinf, llie Trme, he lent one of the (irandee.-, ot
his Court to the DuUb Admiial, to dcHre Peace; whieii
was granted, upcn Condition, he fliould fend an l'".nibal-
fador to Baiaii.i, ixpel the Poi:!')^utz', out of the lllaivl,
and not to permit hisSubjrcls to have any more ft do with
them.

Thcreujwn the Kinj; of Miiajfar fent ekven of the
created Lords of his Court, with a Train of fevcn hun-
Oren Mju tlu Chief of the Kmbally bciny the Prince of
Pitifakj. The firll Thing they did, was to piy two
Iiundrfil Loves ol Gold to redeem tji;' Royal Fortrels
a;;ain,and the next, fubnmting to the Conditi(;ns which the
J^nlcb Admiral had propofed. The (ieneral of Battrjia
figned the Articles, which were punctually obfeived ■. for
the Porlu^uezc immediately quitted the Country, fiime
departlnj^ for Sicim and Ci:wm\;i, <j:hers for Macao and
Gill- M'icao, formerly one of the moll famous ant! rich-
cH Cities of the Orient, was tijc principal Motive t!iar
inrlir.ed the Du.'cl' I' fend an Einljafiador into Chinti ; tor,
buni; th.- b^ ll Station wliich t'u' Pcr.'u^uezt had in ail
th<|f Parti, the Diild' had a Defj^n to win it wholly
now. This City lyiii!; in .>.:" oi N. Lit. in a linall I'lmd,
next to the Provin( e of di'ihii, v/hiili li a Part of Cluiia,
h.v, wry nuuli loH its former L'.iflre

3. But this w.is not aU wlu'li the I-l'.)!:- and Pcr;n^iii-ze
Mui.hants liiliVnd. 1 he C-'lm I of tlie Duub lMit(;ry at
Mir;':-.'!, whiih IS lut eight (/■.ij.'.ms troni this City, un-
dciiiaiKlmg the bad. .Succek of tlie Diiiib in Cliinti, had a
Cunt:ivan> e by himfeli to bo rcveiuy.d ; ] le heard that
t!ie Jrfuiis ot (jcii , and olht r P!.:( es, drove a great
'I'rade ii> iciijih DiuhoihIs, wliieii iluy fent into /iV-
ri/:', or elle earned aionjn witli ti'.em wh:'n tiiey re-
tiiriudi and rliat for the more pnv.ite tarrying 0:1 ci
fiicir Trad.e, tlay were wont to fend one or two ot their
Order, that knew the I angu.-i;;.', i:i tiie llabit of Ir.fi-.rs.,
which confiiU of a Tygei '.s Sliin, to cover their back I'.irrs,
ami a (^^o^\.' Skin to tovrr tiieir IJieall, reaeliing dov.n to
tlu Knees. Thireupoiitlv.- Ciiitf of the Fadoryoi M.u-
!,-.'v.'j, taking; tiiis Oppoiiui'.ity, and h.iving Notice that
two of th.e luppiilal l-'rifci.i were gone t.) tlu: M:;us,
ti.) lay cut .',00,1 vji I'ardos III Diaiiiond.s, give Orders to
two Men, wlmli he had bribed ior tlsat Puipole, that as
l<;j;; as the Fath'.is h.id made tin ir Purchale, he lliould
g,vc N'oiiu- to the Oiiiccr of ih- Cullomhoule ar Jiiikli,
w.ijth IS a gre.it li.wn i n the Frontiers ol thofe L.iiuls

843

ti.ar part tlie Kingdom of I i/i.:fo:ir Umi t!ie Jeint.rie?
ot the Portiigu(~c, there bein;; no otlrr Way to pals the
Kivrr wlucli (iKompair.s tlie llLmd where the City ot
C'jrt is Unit I'lie l-.itliefs believing that the Culionur
katw nothing ot iluir Purchale, went mto the Koat to {y>
over the Riv-'r ; iiut, a~. I.hiii a^ they were in, tiny weic

111 idly 1 .\w

lid all t!ie l)i imond.s coniilcatcd.

To' return to the K:ng of .\L:.trii:r. Yua mull know
that the Jeluit, once olV,ied to convert him, an.t jMhaps
they might jiave brought it 10 pif-, had th: y nor ne-
gleded one Piopolal win. h he ma !e tlw ni -, Ui, at ihe
UiJiC tunc tlu jeiiati l.ibo', u'd 10 I ;.i g him tj Cl.iniia-

nity, the Mohnmmediins ufed all their Endeavours to
oblige hmuo take up with their Law: The King.willing to
Uave his Idolatry, yet. not knowing what Part to take,
commanded the Mohammednni to fend for two or three of
their molt able Moulias. or Doctors, from M'^^a ; and the
Jciuits he or<icred to fend as many of the molt Learned
among them, that he might be inflructc-d in bodi Religi-
ons, which they both promifed to do : But the Mobamme'
dens were more diligent than the Chriltians ; for in eight
^lontlls, they tetchctl from Mecca two learned Moulias \
w,iercu|xjn, the King feeing that the Jefuits fcnt no body
to him, embraced the Mohammedan Law. True it is,
that three Yi^ars after, there came three Porltigueze Je-
uiti, but then it wa.s too late. The King of A/^f^/r/r
being thus become a Mohammedan, the Prince, his Bro-
ther, wa.s (b mad at it, tliat when the Mofque, which the
King had caulifd to be built, was finifhcd, he got inro it
one Nighr, and caufing the Throats of two Pigs to be
cut, he all befmeared the Walls of the n-.-w Molques,
and the J^lacc whicli was appointed for the Moulla ro
perform divine Service, with the Blood ; fo that the Kinfj
w.is forced to pull down that, and bmid another. After
which the Prince, with fo'me idolatrous Lords, ilole otii 01
the IP.and, and never lince appeared at Court.

4. 1 departed from Minpelu, ,1 great Town in the
King.dom ot I'ifiapaiir, eiglit Leagues from Gf.r,, the 14(11
ot ylpiil, 164S, and embarked in a Dutch Veliel bauiui
tor Bolc'.ia. The Ship had Orders to touch at hoLnic,;),
to take in Kicc 1 whereupon I went alliorc with the C.ii'-
Miii, to oStain Leave of tiic King to buy Kic;' : We
toiiiul h;m upon the Shore, where he had aUnir. a l>i7..:;
Huts to let up, which were covered with I^ilm-f.e.ivcs.
In his own 1 hit there was a Piece ot lapeilry fpread un-
der him ; and there we l.iw live or fix Wom.ii, lc)mc tae.-
ning hini wirh Pe.icock-Feathei", others giving him lie,:-
tel, othcr.s lilling him his I'lpes with 't'obacco.

I'he moll conlidcrable Perfons in tiie Country were in
t!ic other I tuts ; and we counted about two hundred Men
tii.it were u[V)n the Guard, armed only with Bows and Ar-
rows : Thev hat! alio twcj iilcphants am(;ngthem. 'Tis very
prol)able that his Palace was not far off, and that he only
came tiiither to take tlie trefh Air. There we were pre-
tented with Tari, or Palm-wine, but viry new, and not
boiled : It caiilcfl the Heatl-aeh in all tliat drank it, intii-
ir.uch tliat wi- were two Days before we could rLover ir.
I alked the Realbn why the Wire came to co m !'o much
Prejudice; to which tiicy anfwercd me, that it wa- plant-
ing I'cpiH-r about the Palm-trej-s that gave luch a Strength
to (he W inc.

We were no li)oncr got aboard, but a mighty Tempeft
arole, wherein the Ship,Men, and ( icods, had all like to have
been call aw.iv, being near the Shore ; tint, at length, th'-
Wind changing, wetound ourlelves, by the Bn ak of Day,
tiirec or tour 1 /.-agues at Sea, having loll all our Ancliors ;
and, at ieng;h, came fate ro Port in the Maven of Pcme
(ic G,!i'!c, tlie I'weltth of M.iy. I found nothing remark-
able in th.it City, there being nothing but the Ruins made
by the L.'ndtrminings and CannonShot, when the Dutch
befug'd ir, and dialed tiie Portiigticze from thence.
The Company allowed Ciround to build upon, to them
that would inhabit there, and l..and to till; and had th?n
railal r.vo ISulwarks, which commanikd the Piat. If
tiivy have finilhed their Deiign which they iindrtook, the
i'lace canntt but be /ery conliderabk-. Th.- Dutch had
maile .in Agreement with the King ot C(ii:J\\ that he
Ihould be always ready, with twenty thoufand Men, to
to keep the I'alTages that hinder the Por.'H^uczi from bring-
ing any Succours Irom Ccl'imbo, Ncs^omho, Manar, or
any otiv r Pl.ic.-s, whkh they poUelied upon the Coail :
In Coniiditr.ition wheri-ol, the Dutch, when they had ta-
ken J'ohtc li.' G'rt.vV, was to reltore it to the King vi'dvi.h ;
which, they not p(.rfi;rming, the King tent to know why
tiiey did not give him PollVinon ot the Town ; to which
riuy returned Anlwer. that they wt-re ready to do it.
provided he could dcliay the l',\-peiices of the War.

But ilu-v knew, that ii I.e had, three Kingdoms morc;
|j( h .IS hr. own, he could never have paid lb great a
Sum I iiiull coiifeli;, indeed, the Countiy is very poor.

tor, I

i,..t

levc th.it the King ever faw liftv tliou-

#' i

: ■ ii

VMH

liiiul Ciowii- loi/ilur 111 his Lilc, hb'ludel.

ail m
Cm-

t! ■»

I ll-

I (i n

;^X ■ '^^

f\M,r % •_;

i ■

844

T/'f CohcInJion of the Jfiivcls through India, Book I.

I .Icrii.i'it' A^ tor lii<; Cinnarrmn, lie Ii.i"!
tlir Vt'i^Tutzt ioniiiii;ini() tlic h.i'Ji Indies \

CMr..ifn(in and T

T\0 I'mflt lltUT t

ami U-r \v.s \ !i chants lie nwkt-s biit little of thrni, for thry
t.ilvc nut abovr live «ir (ix in a "Snt \ Init tluv arc more
eilf«m;\! th,in any othtr Countty L-.lcphants as tirinp; the
nuill c< uraf;imis in War. 0'\c tlun^; I will tdl you h.irxUy
i.) i'c- iKJicvci!, hut that wliitli isacrrtam Troth, wliiih is
t ,.it when anv otticr Kiin; or Rajah has one i>t iht-fc Klc-
phantsof Crylcn, if thry brin^z fhi-ni amoni;anyo;hfrIirml
ir. any other J'lavc whatcvt-r, lu linm as the other IJcphants
Ixhdlil the G\.cH I- Itfiiharus I) an Inlluu-l of Nature, thry
i!j tlicm Rivertnif, liy layin!» tlu'ir Trunks ui^n the
l.ri>'!n>l, anil railir.g them »ii> ai-a.ii.

1 he Kinj; ot .;V/y«, with whuin the Dutch alio 1 rokc
their WorJ, ha.i more C)pi>ortiini(y ti> Ixr rrvrnt^ri! iiiH)n
tlirtn than the King ct Con.'.y , lor he denied th-in the
Trar.rfv-irtatiiin ot IVrj^er ovu ot his Country, without
which their Ira.ie was worth little •, his IVpprr lying that
whkfi IS mod covetc! thio'thr I-4l>,lothat thry were forced
to make a Comjxilition with him. The Kiiiti ot hivn'^
hnUuiVauor coming to /f.;/.!'. ;,i, was tlrangely liirpri/ed to
ire \N irnrn litrinp at a 'lalile ; but muih more, when attcr
a Health drank to the Queen of Atbfn ; the Cteneral (t
BiHai^i oonviian^led his Wite to go and kils the l-.mbalVa-
lior. Nor was the Kiiig Ix-hiniMiaiui with the D'Hih 1-riv
luiVa-'or anothir W ay, whom the Kitij', IvhoKiing in a Lin-
i;ui(hinp Didi mper, alVu', !iim, whetlv.r he ha.! never a:y
"1 amiharity wsth .my ct the Nativis ? ^es rejiliei'. the !■ in-
KiiVaJ'-r i huwivir, 1 left her to marry m my own C'ouiv
ti'. : L'l'on that t.hc King commanded three ot ins I'hyfi-
(..ar.s t.i cure f:m in liltcdi l)..ys "}><>" the Forfeiture of
tlieir Lives. Ihireupjii ilvy i;avc him a certain l'« 'turn
tvery M'irn.n?, and a little I'lil at Night •, and at the Fnd
ot nii.e Days he tiH>k a gnat Vomit •, every Ivxiy thmiglit
he Wuaid .have <iit,i with the working ot it ; Init at lengtli
1: brcu;^;;t up a .'^'topj'le ot coarle 1 lair as big as a Nut,
alter which he prelcntly recovered. At h:s Departure the
King gave him a Flint, alvMit the Bigncis ot a (f<>ol<--l'gg,
with \ tins of Gold in ir, like the Wins of a Man's Hand,
as the Cioli grows in that CoK'itiy.

5. On the ;;-th ot A/.;v wc It I'ail fiom Pcnff (i".i.'.V.
The fccord ot 'Juiic wc pjlVed the I ine. The fixtli wr
liw fiic lllanii calir.i ,V.i2J.rt.i. The i;t!i we dili..vired.
till O all ot Sumatra. The eighteenth the Iflami o! In-
'r ,:;>:4 ; and the nineteenth the iOiand } criunn. The
: .v.ntietii we were in ken of certain bitle Illands < n thcCoall
.1? _/..':.;, among w!iuh I(bnt!>. theie are tlireecal'ed tlie
ir.aiiiis K'. tiie i'lir.er. l"he twentyfu* we liiUinvud A'j«-
i:-i.i , a:.d t.he twc tyl'iond wp ai. Iiured in the Head (>f
R.i!.:z-:n. '1 here arc two Coun.ds n {iiMaviJ, the C-nmcd
I : t!-.c Court, where the Gent ralpn fides, and wlieteall the
AiVa f, ol t!.;- Company are m:r-.iged : I'.he other, winch
is ht!.! 1:1 a Ho'..lc in the City, and relates to C ivil ( iovern-
ircnt, and ilecidrs the [xtiy Ditl.rences among tlie Citi-
zet.s. AH the Kindnels I had Hu-wn me liere, w.i, to l>e
p.rotC'Utrd by me Ltty Co;i.-.ci!, lorlvino liilprcircl to have
i>ov:ght a I'attcl of Diamr.nds tor Monlieur (Isnjfjnt, my
very c od lri<nd, and Ficlidcrt ol the Jhtib Fa'tory at
G" J .•.,/.':.• ; 1 u' when they louli! make nothinj^ot it, tliey
lealt:; their .Suit, alliamed ot w!,.a they had done

(•. Ucirg lij , ! tieat d at lUtuvi.i, 1 reiolvcd to viHr the
K.
aior.

wliuh m the I'all is as univerLi! as I. aim among us IJciiv
arrived .it li.:H:atis, m a l:iiall liark, which wc hirt d (or
oinfjvi-*, wc wefU hrif anil vditrd the J-n^hlh IV lid.ent,
who k:::dly c'.teftained and loi'i'.r.l us. '1 he next D.iy 1
f-n: n.y Brother to the I'alaf, to know when it would h<-

■^ ot /i.:n.\nii ; to which purpolc I to<>k my own Kiotlu r
r.g wi:h me, tjccaiilc he Ip )ke the MaLiyan Ijnguag'-,

f- al';nji le ti.r m^ v> kits the K

in;iS

I laiuls. \Mien the

King Gvv him tor he was v. ell known unto him) he wotikl
f t luf'i r him 10 return, hut lent Outers to feteli me, and
1 1 v.'. nv Wit! .d. that if I had any rare Jewels, I lliould
C'l h f. i K:n^;.•;Ll^ to 1 ring tlinn alonj' with me.

Wi, 1 \ Uw rT;y 15r. thcr ic turned not -.siih the I'crluns
w'.cii ;!.• Ki-g Ic.u. 1 Was almull in ih • iiinu! not to have
^;'/ri'-, r-ir.em!* ril g hosv the Kieg ot /Ithni had leived t!ie
i.'ur K iia-.i.i ; t^r ti.- ir'ncb li..V(ng let up an hajt-lnjri
C'iMipanv, |e;,t away iii,r Vuiii , liirec gieat otie^, ami
•• . oi • ^ .. (1, :, . ti,. ::.e rv. .,1 the Lo'iipany 1 heir

Voyage wa^ the flmrten that ever was Iirardcr, arrivinajt
h<tnt,im m lets than ti ur Montlis. The King alio iouto
ouny received tliem, and let them have as iJiueh Pepper
as they lieliird, and cheaper by twenty in a hundred lu
he lold It to the Duuh i but the l-roub not tonimg only
tor I'rpjxr, lent away the fmall Ship, with the grcateil Ha/t
of their Money to Mtiuipr, to try tlie Market IrirClovti
Ntitmrgs, and Mace. 'I he hnmb Iving to liioii ililMtcliaJ
at li.i'!:am, had not Patience to flay till t!ip Return of t! ••
Imall WlVel which they had lent to Mudjfar ; but to i.,i,<
the Time, mull nced.s run over to ihtavia, being not al<,ve
foutteen I.eap,ues otV; fo that you may be a: A</a-..j from
BiitUm in a Tide, with a gotxl XN'ind.

When they came to an An( hor, the ( iencral of the FrcmL
Flea lent to complement the Cteneral of H.i!avi<i, who
failed neif to aniwet Ins Civility, and invited th; Aciiniral
afhorc. Moreover, he lent to thofe th.r Hayed alxjard great
.*;tore ot excellent Cheer, anil a gooil Quantity of Sfanijb
and Khni/b Wine, with a particular Order to them that car-
ried it, to make the /rffi.b drunk. His Order was fo well
followid, that It was eal'y to fet the Ships on Fire. Ac-
cording to the private Inlliuctiuns which they had, foluon
as the I lame was ditcovcrcd from the (icncral's Window
wl'.ich overlooked all the Road, there was a wonderful pre-
fcnilcil Alloiiilliment amongft the Duub; but the hmb
.Admiral, too truly .■onjeiluring the (irouml and Authors
ot the 'I'reachery, lieholding the Comj any with an un-
daunted Courage, Come, come, cried he, lets drink on ;
they th.it lit the .Ships uii lire lliall \u\y for them. How-
ever, the limb .Ships sverc all burnt, though tlic Men
svrre all laV( d in Hoats, which were lent lorthsvith to their
Relii t. .Altet that the t iencral of SiHavia m.uk them great
OlViis, whiih ttuy retuted, ami leturncd to Baiavi.i, in
Fxi-eitation of then fmall Vt Ifcl. When it returned, they
could tind out no ()cttrr Way tli.in to !( II Slup, (iooii^and
all, to tiie En^lijk, and to Diare tin Money among them-
felves, I Very one .u cording to their Condition.

7, But the Tuck which they put u|V)n the En'tip.' was far
more bliKxIy. The F.n^lijb were the lull that luiiiul out
the Dangir ot failing (rum ^ur,it, .\/.'/;/-,.7.;«, or any uthcr
dilUnt I'arts to y.ij^in, without touching by the Way:
Whereupon thry thought it convenient to biiilil a I nrt in
the llland ot l-'crmcf.i, which not only lavcil the J^joIs of
iVveral N'eHrls, but alfii brought them in great (iain. The
Du/b, ivad that the En^lifl.' were pofTefiid (;f fuih an ad-
vantagious Situation, luring the only I'Lue in all the libnd
where N'llltls lould ride with Safety, and. finding they
c»'uld not larry it by I'orce, bethouglit them ot a Sirata-
i>em, to whiih I'l.ipile they lent away two Ships, wherein
they (hirnl the Ult ot their .Soldiers, who pretending i.'iey
had Ixrn in a Sturm at .Sea, put into the \ larlmur nl lor-
mri'a, with liime of tin ir Malls ly the Buard, ti.eit SaiL
I'catterid, anci their Seamen fremingty fiek.

The h.tix':ift\ lomjiaHii/nating th ir Mfaies, which wan
only in outward .Appearance, invited the duil ot them fa
rume on Shore to lefrefh ihemfelvrs, which they were
riai!y to do, larry;: g as many Men a« |wl!;!le they ctiild,
under i'rrtence of Su knrls \\ hile the chief of them were
at l>irner with the ihitt of the bnnij' , they all plied their
C'ij s ai d when the i tuel Du.'ib law that the t.n«bf. (,aJ
diank h.ird mi ',i;,;h, tak;n[; th 11 C)pp():r.i,-,ity, they |. eked
a (.^Mtrel with the Commander ot tiie l-crt, and drawirg
their Swords, whuli they had hidd.en uruler their Coats tor
that I'uri<ofe, thry rafily liitpn/.ed, and cut the 'I'hroats of
all the Soldiris in the Ci.irrili n i and lying thus MalUis of
th- l-'ort, they kr pt It i.oiii that 'I inn , till they *crc
routed out by the (hinrit.

8 N.,w t.'r thf- I'li.k that the King i.l .hltn favcJ ihf
Sieur Rfnaudy he h.iving got a gooi! Fllate by Jcwc!<, ar-
rived at length at ^itlwn, and as it is the Cul^om for the
M'-ii hints to tliew the King what JeweL they have, the
King h.id no lijoner call his I'ye upon Kur Kinrs which
the Siei.r Rrn.111.! fliewed him, but he bid him littcen tliou-
liiid Crossin tor llnii, but Roimi.l v.uuM not bate of
right'di thoulaiuf Ni^sv, Ucaul< tliey lou'.J not a|',rec,
th'- Sieur l<fn.;ii.l lanicil them away witli him, which very
mill h dilplealed th- Kingi however, he tei.t for him th:
next D.iy, whrKiijKin Ren.- ' teturning to huv, tlic King
iiaid liiiii hii uiihf.cn thuu:.. . Ctowi; -, I ut h; was never

Wi ■■ : t

Book I.

Cha}"

U"». 11.

from J. I^. X A V i: K N i i; ii.

843

rrwaOirard of, arriving it
s. 1 he Kin^; a!(o ty^rtc-
wm liavc- as much pcpptr

t>^^<;my in a huruirul than
IP /Tcwi/i not cnmmc; only
iliip, with the grcatcll Hart
ry tlic Market trir Govts,
^' lv.in^ lo loon ijiljxitchrd
flay till t!ip Return o| tl.c

tn Munf^ar •, hut to |-,i;i
> lUtavia, being n„t aUAc
11 "uy be at huir.'u tVon,

>N'in(i.

, thcCirncralofthrA^^ii
(Kiicral of Kv,a-^,a, who
, anii invital th? Admiral
)ir th.!' llaycil alward great
pfxvl Quantity ol ^aw^
il.irOnlir to them that car-
ik. His Oder was l"o well
t the Ships on Fire. Ac-
ns whiCh they had, Ibluo.-i
m tiic (Jcncral's Window,
tlicrc was a wonderful pre-
he l)utih\ but the trtnch
\ tlic (Jround and Authors
lie fonii .my with an ur-
, cried hr, lets drmk on ;
Kill |uy tor thrm. How-
II luirnt, though the Men
krrr Cent forthwith to their
f fl.;.'d-.vj made thrm great
1 loturiicd to Baiawa, in
I. When It returned, they
i.in to fill Ship, (ioai^and
' tin Money among them-
heir Coiidition.
lit u|X)ri tlie l.n^Un< was far
re tlir full that tuund out
M,tjil:^.:t.in, or any other
t touchini^ by the Way:
cnii-nt to tniild a 1 ort 111
only laved the Lois ot
cm in great (iain. Thr
jxifTtdid of futh an ad-
only i'l.KP in all the Itlaiid
atety, ant! finding they
hougl'.t them of a Strata-
aw-ay two Ship"., wherein
Ts, who [Tcrcndinr; thry
riti) thr I larliour ol /i,r
1 y the Buanl, ihiir SaiL
in^ly liik.
K ir M.ftrif'i, which wxt
viieti the (hir( ol them tj
fcivrs, whiih they were
a< iKi(]":l'lc th<'y could,
Ir the ( l;lef of them were
i7.j'\ they all jilxd thnr
i.iw that the t.n'lijl \.A
Ojiportiinity, they | .eked
•t \\x Ftrt, and drawrg
.'.eti u'uler tlitir Coats tor
. and (lit the Throats ct
iiul Ixing thus Maftei> ■>!
,at '1 inic, till they *crc

ki::;' (.1 .idtn lirrvcd th-
(xh! MKit" by Jewels ai-
it r. the Culfoin f-r the
uit JcwcL thry have, tin;
u] on Kur Kii;r» which
t hr bid hiin I'dtrrn tliou-
■naiiii woillil t.ot bate of
I' tliry loiilJ not a|',rtc,
i.iy witli him, which very
vi-i, he lei.t for him th;
uriung to hiir, the King
tow i; , ! -: h; w.15 never
Icen

thei

I ■(■11 after th.\f, v \ it V' t'ion;»Ji: he was feafily mnrdcrivl
II, thf r.ilac'-. '1 Ins Si.iiy imiuc to my Urntembr.iiuv,
when I fo'iiid my Ui:.tlhr did not cnini' along with ihrm
that wit" fvut to \r\c\\ mc llowiver, I r-ll.h''',! ii> ..o,
taking with nil- twelv'- or thuti 11 ih'.! Ir ' 1' ■ ,• s \N,'irli
ol Jewel'-, the gnatill I'art bring i,i Koie niaiiloiul \{\^\\{\
foMie lOnrdHn;; of f.ven, limit of nine, nnd fmitdl cliveii
Stonfs, with lomcfir.ail Biarchtsot Dianiondn and Uubir-,
I found the Kiii[', with three of lu-i Caiit.iiin, and my llt'ii-
i!ur, fittiP!!; i<>:vth''r, after tin Manmr of the I'.all, with
five great I'latts of Rice I /lor,- them of dillVrent ( oloiiri,
j-'or their Prink tin y had Sp^wip.' Wine, (h(iiig Watei*,
and fcvcral forts ol Sherbets. Afti r I had iom|>limeii!('d
the King, .ind prrlentcd him with a Diamond Ring, a blue
Saphire Ring, ami a I, tlic Braeelet of PiaiiioiuU, Rubii «,
.uid blue Sai'hiics he commanded n,e to lit ilown, ami
ord.errd iii'aCilal's of Ihong Water, to whet my Apiieiiir,
The (ilaf^ held a (Jiiarter of a Tint, ami thentore I u lull d
It, which the King very much womleieLl at \ but being toM,
by my Brother, that I iicvi r drank any Hiong A'ater, hi'
ordered iiir a lilafs of Sack. Alter that he role ii|i nnd
featfdhin'lelf in aLhair, the I'.lbows ol which were |i,ildi'd \
his F(ct and Legs were bare, having ,1 Piif.^iH L'.ii|'ii oi
(iold and Silk to tread iionn. He wa-. dad with a I'u'ee
(i| Calicut, part wluicot covered his Body bom his Waill
10 his Knets, the rell being wound about his Bat k and
Shoulders like a Scarf. Inllead ol Shoes he had a I'air ol
S.mdals th.it (^<iod by the Chair- liite, the St^a^'^ wlirieof
were ( mbroidered with (iold, and fni.ill I'earl. Almiit his
i lead he had a thing like a I landkerchic t, with three Ctii
r.er-, bound about his I I-.'ad like a I- diet. I lis I lair alio,
which was very long, was twilled, and tied togetlnr over
Ills He.id ; two IVrlons Hood liehind him with bans uf
Ion" Peacfck feathers, the Handhs of wliuh were live lU'
lix i-"c)ot in Irrgtn lljion his right I find Hood an old
black Woman, boldii'g in her Hand .1 little Mortal and
|'ft>le of (iold to Nat his Beetle in, wluiewiih \\<' mixed
the K< I il of the Nut of Araqui, and .S til ut IVail dif-
iulved. When it wa all beaten toiv'ther, the oM Woman
gave it thr King over his Shoulilers, wliii, op.iiiiig hi',
Mouth, the old W omaii trd him, as our W omen leed ihtir
I ludieni tor the Kiug h.id thvviil In iiuidi Breile, and
t.'kcn fo much Tobacco, that his 1 ei th wtic all I'aUrn out til'
his Held.

.) The King of Rttrt.'am'i Palace was never built by dny
curious Archit' cf : It is a liriuare Place, riuoinpalU'il with
,1 ''/(at many IM'ar . varnillied over with livti.il lint', of
Colour', agatidt which thi' King f ans v.iien he lit*, ihiwn,
A* the ti-'ir Corntrs th'Tf arc four great IMIn-. let in the
(•■ .rt!i, at forty I'Of.t Dillance one trom aiotlier, hind wuh
I Mac n:.\!.\- of th' irrtaiii Rind of .1 Tree, to thin, (hit it
ik'. likea Pi «.eof l.innen, which neither llc.is lun Puiun
come near. The Roof v.-a^ covered witli Cnco.i Brail'

■■d up for \\ at, tliat ai. not abaid ol
(i;iarvi l.. m!"hr not h„ve above two

It oK

ehi'.. N-it far olf, uiidr anotSr Ki ol, liippoiud bv
till: gieat Pdl.U', h" h ith (ixticn b.lephant-', the nobhll ot
1,1 thole that are m th" King's Service -, i..r he has a lir
gre.itcr Nu:r.'" r f:.r
\Vilil.lire. tor hh

r'-ouLuul M' ;i ''v* " ■ ■" d.awn up in (. o;up,niies iiiulcr the
■ihad • of r', next 1 1< rs. Tiiry are ;',<"■•! '^' Miei'i, a. well
rv S.-i .11 by Land, llrif M.!.:umte.!iin:, and ilaiul nor at
ill in Lear 01 Duii. I l.s llaram, or th" Wi'meiei .\piit-
inent, wa.- crMinlv iviry tii.ill I'l.ic i Ur whin In had
viewed wh.u I iirought him, he lint for two old Wi men,
;o whom he gr.-e Ibnu- c!' rh-^ lew -.Is to go and lh?w ih<tn
■i' his Wivi.-:. t'he n\-:t \N oiin n r"i'iiii.'d l.atk thioupji
a littie pii.lul Oonr. the Ivnclo'.ure U 1
e,f a Will iniJe
tacr Wlutivcr
turned anv thing

trlling me, they believ ■ 1 it wai the bell Part of his Trra-
tui''. I he n''M D.iy my Uroth-jr and ! went to wait upon
him at the appoint.'d Hour, a<v\ wc found hini fitting in
the lame Place where Ik fat bctorc. Iheri; was a Moulla
flu'ii read to him, who teemed to interpret to him Ibmc-
thiiig of the Jfccniii in tlv.; Aralic Language.

Thr Leelurc being ended, they both rofc antt went to
Ihayrrs, which being conclud.cd, tlic King fent lor the
the Dagger, and the 1 l.ift, which was of (Iold -, tl.c 'lop of
I landle was already ft t with Diamonds, and thu upper Pait
i>t the Crofs-bar was cut in Facet?, which could not be Icfs
Worth than liftcen or fixtecn thouland Crowns. They told
*tic it was prcleiit'il to him by the fjiicen of Borneo, and
that it was cut at lion, but that he put a far liigher Value
upon it than I < tliemtd if to be worth. The Dagger, as
well as the Sheath, was lull of Beazdls or Colledls, and
thrielore di llrcd me to Inip him tn tome thu might cotnft
•It ,111 cafy r.ite. I tohl him it was iiv.polTible: to find Stones
that wiiild lit th- Brazr!ls,anii therefore it was better, when
hr had got Stones enough, to fix other BeazcIU according to
thr Proportion of the Stones \ to wliith Purpofe he mult be
bin id to r.inf;e all his Stones in W'jx, and I Ihcwed him
how to do it at the laii.. time -, but that was above his Skill,
4nd thrrefoie elo wiiat I coulil to excull- myfcif trom the
Tiull, he would needs oblige me to carry the Dagger to
llitlitviii; whereupon I took my Leave of the King, and
departed.

ic. About eleven o'Clock at Night we embarked for
lUtliiviiif tor the Night Winds blowing from the Land,
an: the only Winds to ferve our Turn, fo that we were at
llitiiviii between ten ami eleven the next Morning. There
I llayrd twenty Days tor the King of Banirm'i fake, to
m.ike him Uheve I had fought for that v.hich I knew was
uupolTible to be found. I had nothing to do ail the while,
loi in Ualima there is no other Recreation but Gaming and
I )nnking, which was none of my Bufintfs ; at that Time
llic Sii'ur C.i«i died, one of the I)id:an Counfcllors, who
was lumptuoudy bur.cd for his good Services done to the
Company ; but the People complaitied heavily of tlic In-
lUlliic whidi he lud done, as well to the Soldiers, as the
Mannrrs.

I laving rtayd twenty Days at Batn-jia, I refolvcd to go
and return the King of Bmitam his Dagger again, for that
It w,i, inijiolViblc to meet with Stones to tat his Bea.alls.
I lowevcr,'l took along with me fomeoth-r Scones, which
he h.ul not li'cn. Coming to Bainam, the King caufcd us
to be lodged in one of Ins" own Houles in the City, which
WIS made of H,imbo;r; ; thither, in lets than a Qiiarter of
,ui I lour, the King One us Ibme Pateches, or Iwcec Wacer
Melons, red witnui like Scarier. We h.id alio Mangoes,
and a certain large b'ruit called Pompoii", red al'.o within,
the Meat of it bemr, foft aiul (pungy, but o> an excellent
lalle, I L'.ving tl.iyed our Stomachs we went to wait
upo 1 the King, whom we founii in the lame Pl.ace with his
old Mort.ir belter, who every Minute f d him with Beetle
with her Lingers. 'Iherc were fitting about theflall nve
or fix of his ^.".iptaias, viewing a certain Piece ot Fireworks,
as (iian.idoes Roi'-'cts am! other D.- vices, to run upon
the Water, which the dvufu: had brought, who are the
moll exqiiilito at thefe Woik's of.iny People in the World.
When

R r, t'lli'^a

lib as wire ro tn- toiuul were vaiuai ai u^

!>!

, ot F

'''• k-nt

a.vvn.

to the

wl'.ich made me bi lleVe they

would l-rar a pood Pru" ; .md indied, whatev.r I Iold to

m, 1 tiild to good l''.or.r, .m' hid my Mon,y well paid

Air.r tins wc tool; our L^'.iv
:o comi- next D.iy in the F.venn

King was at leifur' , I returned him his D.ig-
n;\i,"5<:A."-.-;.7 wa'. no Place to meet w-iih Stone.-,
and that lueli as wire robe found were valued n; double
the Puce tlu y were worth ■, an. I that there w.is no Pl.icc
where he could tit iumlelf, liit at (7:.Vo;..',i, or Uui, or the
Diamond Mines. Ihereupon th ■ old Woman te.:;<_rhc
Daggri, and carried it into his Haiam; nor did t!:e King
Ipcik a Word more about it, after that I had iliewed hxm.
what othtr Stones I h.ul brought, a Paicel whereot I told
him lor good I'rolit.

The King ordered, us to cnmc the next Day tor 1 .ly-
nirnt. The next Dav, about li.x m thr Moining, my l!:o-
thrr, and I, and a D:iLh Cluiuririon, were going along a
ut the King oliligeil ui narrow Way between a River e,;i t , ,, , , ,. ,
lei aide he had ,» I ) lire Pahs ol a great (iardcn on the otlwr. iKlund me P..les

rothirg but a kind

1 an! Cow dui,|', iui\ed lo[',e

Women, ilvy nrvit re

thu
a

Z: "a S U prr ■ I it whe,;.! 1: n,,, thin ralcally B...>nis li.id hid h.m elt, on. of t oh^ tluit wa

m , ds h 1...! /;nim! to cud, wiih uiore St.mr. newly'eome Hum Mc^oimX was upon the Delign ei

Coi'i h. >.-.V.l' Houle with our Monrv. tl.,y won- A/.cc,.-, th.u is, in then- Language when th. RaKallty

d'dK th^King hid hud out twenty thouundKupcc,. ol the M:,.mn.:lv:s reinin^tK,n ^/.iv.;. they prdciuly

Nti .M u. LN IL

"■■ '"I ■ I

i-f-iifii' 'h'

\'i;- I

ili^»i-is %.

mmw

■si

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.;(

S- lii' :

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:;;iM .^„

846

7lu' (. //Ju/iof/ of the Traveh through Imli.i, p.o<,j^ |

4ii

:'A'- . •

r;^

uke their Cris in tlirii I I.iinl^, wIik h m n kiml of l'i>ni;irJ,
the Bloiic whnrol is lull p'lloncJ, with whivh they run
through thf Strfcts \\\\\ kill .iH tholo tlut arc not ol the
J^ huumt^an 1 uw, till tluy xw aiIIoI theiuldvc^.

Thcic I lines dunk, in In ilnmj;, il\>y ilii 1«kI .in>l SU-
hAmmtd ■^W. Servuo, ,iiul ll\.ill Iv l.tvcil ilurdiy. If any
ot thck- MaiiiiK-n Ik- killcj, iIk; R^l'Mc I't SULimmtdiim
burv thcin as Sainis aiul rvtiy one loncribiKcs towards
nuking them a tair I'niiilr Sdmrtinu* you (lull have an
hilr Ropic, in the I lal>it ol 4 IVrviih, that will ImiKl him
a Hut near till- lonili, vvhuh Iw uiulcit^krs (o li.K>k to,
and ihcttv •■vitli Mii\vii> \ m\i\, .w \\\\ AIims innr,U«, In- add^
Tome ixluT Oriiaineiu to it \ lor (he lair< 1 and be tier let out
the 'lonili K, thi- mort I'.ivoutly ii h worlhii'inxi, and the
tnorr Ainu it hail's in.

I rtmciiilicr in ihc Year 1 ('4 .* , tlut at S.iii.i,'ii, whi* h is tlie
Fortot 5i/nr/, it hapjy m d, that a \'rlUliil ilirntf at Mogul's
rrtumed Irom Mtmi with a ^•irat NumUi ol l*.»quirs or
IVrvii hc^ i for cvci y Vrar tin- K n^ lrr>iK I wo WMi Is to rarry
and bring lack the I'llgnm*, who luvc thtir I'alla^e Irrc,
and when tl>elf N'riliU an- 10 ^(^ the lamiits tonic Irorji all
Farts of !iiui.i to (inlark. I lieic Vrllilt arc Ulcn with
very prKxi Conmuxlitics wlin h arc loKI at Vri. j, ami the
Pmtit M ilillrihutnl ainonc the jioor l'il);fii«s » Ihji the
FrincT|ul is lirought luik k.r the ntxt Year, ainounting to
fix hundn-d ihouland Ku|»cr> at Irall, 'lis in nl Market
wlirn thrv do not j^ain iliiity or loity /'.r <.',«/ by their
CornnvKiitie*. •, na\ , time ate Inme that |ir»>duve Qui. f.r
Cent, bilidci thai the ptim ijmI Frilumi*! tite Mo|;ulM la-
ram, and otKvr jartiiular Feil.^is, kiui very lar;;c (fifu to

II. One o< thcff laquin rctiirnmu ft^>tn Mt«M in th'
Year 1(4:, and King lat.Vd MUmaJt, ImiI tu> loonrr (anl
his Fraycrs, lut he took his Da^vr, and r»n among kvc-
ral Dniiti Marmen tha? *t^ imUliim <^"hx1i u|x.f» the
Shore, and bciorv- they weic aware, ihn in.id I aquir hail
wounded leventeen ol th<ni, of »lM<.h ihittfei»dkd. The
Canian-, whuh he had in Ins Haml, was a kind ol Dag-
ger, the B.atle wherrol, towaals the Handle, was three
tingcrs broad, and is a sny ilanf;ero«is \Veap«>n. At
length the CVntiml that iKxnl at the Imi.I ot tlic I'eni,
where the (Kivrnor an^l the M<tiiiant\ were, ftiot luni
through the B>^iy, lo that he Ml down dead. Inimcili-
ately all the othi r l-aijuirs ami A/, kmmedim- that were upon
the Flacf Kn.k up the B<h y. .,iul liineil it. ami at the Hixl
01 titteeii Days ihrv jut luin up a laii MonunMrM, I'vcry
Year the tii^.i/b .iiki l)uiA> pill 11 down \ Init when they
.uv gone the I *miis Km i.p again, and plant Baimcniover
;t Nay, I'.nie tlure af* taal [x'lluim their iVvmicns to
.1. Hut to return to th. }i..n!.im la<jiiii, that Villain lymg,
.u I laid, bthind ihi- J'drs, as niy Biotlur, and I, ami the
Duuk C hiruij^a.n, caiiK- low.ii^u hini, all thicf a-Urrall, he
ihrul{ his I'ikc lienvrn; th, I'a'.s, ilmJ.m!; to have l)abtx-d
It iiito ont ol our I'.iiaiis. \'w /';>/.>f»i.;;t I eing next the
River, arid loiii' wlut Iwlme the itll, th,. 1 liail ol his I'lk--
ran into h.i Brevi his ■, whrr ,ii«mi we both laid iitJtl of tlic
Suft, bill my Urothi r Uiiij, i..\t (iic ral.s, pul< ntly IcaiArd
over, and rai. the Kaquir li.iuugh,

\Vh uu(x.;, leverjlf,/>i«.',r,4iuli»t!ier I lolatrrs, came ..nd
r;avc my Pother 1 hacks' |i,t k.lliiig him i alter that we
waitci! up,:! the K ig, and lold him what my Uroil-er ha.l
done, who was lu i.it Horn Iniiig dilpl.al' d. that he p^vc
my Brother a t.iuile : 1 or, the Kinp, aiul his liovemots are
glad when th, le Koguis an killed, ki.ow: -.., t(v„, to lie
i;tlj)cradm>, m,t lit to live, 1 1., next Day coining to take
my l.(avc ol the h.'.Jiiijh I'l.iul.nt, he Ihrwrd me two
Strings 1)1 j )iaM;«.i'.ds, and isvo S,iviu-s ol .Silvci, whicli
came Irom I'.nf.jMj, he world have lold them, but I only
bought one oj the .Sun j;s oi I »iaiiion.li, the oihet bem-
loui , and lor the Sdvet I wouM have Ujuglit it, had ihry
coined Silver in fiaitKui, as thrv w. ip wont to drt l-oi
merly the l)uui> ounrl Urals, I la'l Reals, atu! (^iiartcr-
ReaJs, bearing on llr one Side tlir .Siamp o| a Ship^i.ii the
Other \' O, C. lik'-aLliaraiter. hiMiilying 111 /)i(/,i, tor tlu-
L<il}ln.Ua l.oinpaT,, whiih ihry did lot the lake ol i)ic
LbiM'jt, who h.vini; .Siiser Utter than dold, i.irrud aveay
all the .Silv r thai wa* coined it luiiaxia at |;<hhI Katesi
iMJt at Itfig'.li tiiey |(!t It oil', Iii'lIii'-^ |y lew l*to;i- that
maik- ulc ol iih'cr.

i;. Havinp, taken my leave* il,e Kn^Ujlj I'rcJl.Irn,
1 returned to Jiiilsiia, where, having link- to do 1 „"
folved to give a Vdit to the Kii;', ol y.if,,.,, oth'iv,,'|.
called the KmprMr ol /.nvi. I'l.ii King wa? U„m<:,W
the King ol all the Illand, (ill the King of /;,„„ J
who was only (Jovcrnourol a Frovmie, lebelled .i|»ainlt
him, the Diiiih being made by tlie Divilion of t\;„\].
two Frinccs . lor when the King of 'Jnp.ira befk-grj /;,
tdvia, the King of A'jw/rtw relieved tli. Duub; and tthf.,
they were atMcked by the King ol limam, die Kn,.. ,ii
7<i;>j;-.* caiiR •') their AlIiaanL..- 1 and when (lu.lc 'tw,,
Kings wiie ton ^cr by the I'ars, the Duuh always aidcl
the wrakell. 1 he King o\ [/,if,„u krejjs his Court ma
City ol (he lame Name, dillant bom J{aiai„i alx)ut thiity
l.eagucs. You may coall along the Shon to it by Sea-
but the City lta;uls .ilmve eight Ixagues up tin Taaj!
From the City there i« a tine Walk to the Sea, v.hax tliao
jsahaiidl )me Foit, ami t.iinrl luul'es than my in tlicCiy.
and the Kinp, w* uM live theie il he thoup;ht it lafr.

The Day belore I departed, I went to take my Ixivc
of OIK- ol the l»J:iiit Couftllois ar.d telling him tlut 1 wai
going to wait upon the King oij.ipara, he llood tmu-J.,
in tegard tlie King anil the Ihiib were mortal t'.ncmic, oi
whuh lie gave mc this .Account. The dccealed King, ia
ther to the Kinj; that now reigns, fmce the Duub :w.i
tlieir Kort nl MjI.ivIj, wnu\\ never have any FeKe w,t 1
(hem ; ami though that, during the War, the Duub : ool;
ten ol his .Subm^tj lor one oJ theirs, and oliercd ten tnr
one in Ivxchange. yet he woukl never exchange one upon
.my Cofilideration wlutlos'ver, and charged his Son, uiion
hi^ Heath Ikd, iicvtr to rckalc one. liiis Obllinarv ve-
ry much troubled iIk: £)«/<■* (icneral, and all the rtit i;»
Bata'i.t, and obligeil them Ivow to conlult Means to ru'l.t
themlelves. Now it is (he C'ullum when (he Molitmir, ,„m
King dies, that his SiKcellbr fends certiin great l-ot*ls (,t
his Court to A7«i.f, with I'rel'ents, as well to engage tr,ci:i
to pray for the .Stnil ot the dcccareil, as alio to j^ivc
Thanks to (hkI a)id i\Lbamin(J lor the coming ot a i.c.v
King to the I'hronc, without any »."'ii>cdim'nt, and to
uray lor tiic Blelling ol Victory over «!' his hiiciiiir.,.
BtK the new King and his Council were at a I-ol liu.v tj
aLcon)phlh this N'oyagc ; lor, full, the King lud no.';e
but little Veflcis, that were wont only to tail along b/
the Shore, by realon of the Inexi'cricncc ol liisScanKi. ;
and, in the iKxt I'iace, the Dutch were .Iways plvirg {<>
am.1 fro about the Mouths ol his Havens, to lurj n/.c tiii
.Subtectf. il they llirred out. For the .Safety therclorc ol
his Filgnms, the King, at lafl, conchnles ufxjn making ai
Agreement with the t.rj^hjb ■, for which Ueafon he d:!-
patthcd away an liivoy to lUwiam to ilic impijh l'rc;i-
dtnt and his Council, who prornilcd to lend him the bi[;-
{^cll VelP-l, and the [xii mounted which the Company had
111 the Imiiii i in lieu whercot the hng^lijh were to pay bi.:
hall Culbjins lor all Commodities export'd or inij'OrtCLl
out of his Country i whii '.\ 1 rcaty Ixing ratitied, the En-
f^lijh lurnilhc-J him with three Itout Ncirds inaimM and
armed beyond aw ordinary Kate.

Thereuixin nine ol the prim i pal L/irds cf the Coui',
and moll ol the Blood Uoyal, with a Train ot one hun-
dred I'erlons, e'lib.irkeil themlelves in the p,re:it V'lll'il.
But all thcle Freparations looldnot Ik carried on lo private-
but that the Dut.h !iad Intelligence of it by their Spif<..
I'hcreupon t'x (i.;iirial ot the Dutib makes ready tlir—
Snift?, and ly;;g iiili in tlic Strait ot Bantam\ Montli, i)
loon as the i'.nj^luh came up lor tiiey had no other Way/
kt lly at them to icim '!y, that the hii^l:lb, fearing lut
their Veil- Is r.irnild 1" funk, llruck fail i which the j-r-'
Ixjrds feeing, called thtni En^lijh Traitors, an), drawing
ther [vjiloiied llait% <i.eiia Moda ujvjn the /•.>;;;(,/'/,
kdlii 1^ a great Nimilx-r ol tlutn Ixlore they had IHiic to
j)Ut thrmiclsis into a FolUirc ot I>lcnce ; and perhap*
tlicrc woi.ld not have oik ot them cl"i.apcd, had net the
Di-tib (one- on lx;.>'d as tf.ey did : .Some ol the 'J^r..t
] ,ords, and about twenty ot thvir Attendant would take
no (.^.artcr, lo that the Did^b were toreed to ligl'.t lor it,
and, .11 la!l, thty ['/-t the btttrr, with the l-ol's ol Icvcn
or eiglit M' n.

I I.-.- i.t:^!:iii Velltl lying carried into DufaviJ, the fie-
iiti.d \iry eiviiiy tent both the Frilyucis and tlic Vcird

honv;

•t

1 '.K.i

1 ' '

It.

I^V

I'lii.

PkH;!, I.

. Inviiif. little toilo, 1 f,.'

Km:\ or y.'/".;, otii"u,i;.

Ilui Kiiij^ was tnriiicly
I'll the KiM^; (,t /;,„,,„;
I I'ri.viiuf, trbrlld .ij-ainu'

by til/ Oiviiioti ot'lhoi,
ng of y„/i,;rj Ixrli.gt J /;,,
i<.'vcJ 1 1.. l)ut,b; and ttjir..,
iR ot /;/i«/a)M, iIk' Km.;,,;
iKL- \ an,! wlitn tlu.tc iw,,
irs, th.' /)«/i/, always j|j(.^|
if.ud krcjis Ins Court It) a

tioMi JiiUa-,.ia alxiut tlmiy
nn ihc bhori to it by Sra ;
,l\t ixa[;uc5 lip thr l.,ia>|.
^'alk to ilic Sea, wIkic tlicto
loufrs than any in thcCtyi
it lie iliiiiir»lit It laf--.

I went to take my l^aw
, aiul telling tuin tliit 1 wa;
\J.tpant, he ilo(xi aniai-J,
■■/' wrre mortal l.ncmiCM, I
t. The dcccalal King, ta
gns, liiicf the Dk/ri bui,;
never hive any IVki' Wit i
; the War, the Duhb toul;
tliciM, a;)il oti'crtd n;i lur
i never txthaii(',e one iijxjii
anil ihar^'.eil his Son, ii.mi
• one. 1 ins Oblliiuf, ve-
it-neral, and ail the rcit i:i
» to conluit Mean"; to rii'l.t
loni when the .\Miimm:„dH
tills rertam (',reat l-otilj (,t
Its, as well to engage tf,ci;i
licccafeil, as alio to |',vc
■J for the tominj; cl a i.l.v

any i."'ii'ciimi'nt, anj to
jry over «!' his hiiciriir.>.
incil were at a lx;l !iuw tj
firfl, the King luil nure
ont only to fail aluiii<, by
icxixmcnce ot Ids SeanHn -,
itch were .Iways I'lyi;;^ v>
IIS llaveni, to lur; r;/.e Ins
or the Safety therriorc ul
tonchnles ii[xjn making a:»

for which Keafon iic il:l-
iniam to the hngiijh I'rc;:-
nilcil to lend hini the bi[;-
(i wliith the Company had
hi- h'l^lijb were to pay bi.:
tics rxporfd or inii^jrtcd
aty IxiMf' ratitici), tlic Ln-

Itout N'eircls inaimM and

icipal Lords cf the Gjur%
with a Train of one hiin-
lives 111 the j;reat Villcl.
ot Iw carried on to private-
nice of It by their Spicv
Duiib makes ready thr--
lit of liaHiam\ Month, lo
' tiiey had no other SS'ayi
It the hn^lilh, I'eariiip Itit
ink fail; which the 7a:. «
/• Tiaitors, an i, dia\\inn
.V/ciui ujvjn the Kr?,:il>:,
Ixlorc tiiey had I'liiie to
:j! I>fcnte i and perhnpj
lem ctlapcd, haJ net tlio
did : Some ot the /.".J
r Attendant would take
R-rc forced to hgl'.t tor if,
■, with the l-oli ot levcii

cd into /?i/M'.'iJ, tlie He

I'rilyiicis and tlie Vclicl

home

Chap. II. from J. B. T A v e R n I e R. ^^^

home aj^aiii, withal pi. ■ingN-oiic. ,„ ,h,. KinR, that he be my Witneffes of what tlif General nromired \ took

isa.teadv to .nake an l.xclianr,. oi 1 riloners with him , triy Leave of him. very tiich r S if™ ,1 ' in^

but tlic Kint; would not to iniuh as hearken to any luch Batavia "ptJntiii^ my ^oinR to

Fropolmon, rcnirninf- lor Anlwrr that though the Dutch ,4. The next Day I went tin board the Vicc-AthiV.nl •

had three I lines as many of his Subjcfts, he would not lb and the third n.« .fv., 1\ ( I Ty . '^V^'""'"' '

nnieh . r- hi.e one ..t the D.cb^ ,^ thai the poor Duub t;. ol^itt^eSS I. Sc^t "2,^ S ^f Z

were kq.t Slaves ir, Java and the Java.rf, died milora- Prince, from thenre^bei g in t le A tl ci t he Coct

l.le in Bata^:a. As to the y^y., they are goml Sol- Wands, we beat about two Days to dil'cove them but

jliers ; and, it is reixirtetl. tliat while Batavin was Ixfieged ail to no Purpofe , tiiereunon le made dir ft yTor ,1^

L'^::^:'l'lSr'J^''^^/"..'''59.a««i^^So!. Cc,p;ofGojci.Hop. Thetirty-fifth Day attee^e 1

' lorty-fifih Day alter we depart-

,l,„ I,,..!! .n A,„l.ulr«k in , Ma.cl,. a 7„„„/,, |i„k „,-f„i, j„„,;, our VWAJniii nrgM,,l ,o put out

was pretty to confidcr what the Dulch made me pay for his ting off tlie Yard of the Maelhicht that htiPR in onr Cor-
tunera . 1 he firft hxiience is tor the fecsof thofe that beg dage. The litry-fifth Day wc came within S^iit ofthe CV'.-

I ^ave for the Corps to be buried, of whom the more there

are, the more honourable the Funeral is ellecmed 5 I fent
lix, ami, to my Womir r, paid for that feventy-two Crowns

i he Fee lor the Poor is a Right belonging to the Poor, for
which I pid two Crowns. Tlicre was a VelTel of Spa-
iiiflj Wine drank out that colt mc two hundred Piatlers :
I gave twenty-fix more for three ll^eftpbalia Mams and
NeatstongUM, and nventy-two for baited Meats -, to the
Bearers, I gave twenty Crowns and fixtcen for a Place in
the Church- Yard, for they iflced me an hundred to bury
him in the Church. And all thefe are Fees demanded ;
to that my Brother's Funeral coft me twelve hundred and
twenty-tlirec Livres of French Money. B«ng thus put by
ilie two Voy.igcs which I intended to Japara, and Suma-
tra, I was adviliil to lay out my Money in Reckonings, or

ofGood-flepe^hutvierc forced to keep the Sea, becivile tlur
Waves roilul fo that we were not able to coine to an .An-
chor; not that the Wind was extream hii',Ii, but liccuiie
the South-wind, which had blown, had forced the Water
to that Part ; when the Sea grew calm we came to ati
Anchor.

But of all the People that ever I law in all my Travels^
I never met with .my lo hideous, nor to bint, Hi, .is the Cc
moucks, of which 1 have I'poken in my P, ',.',/,' Travels,
and thofc of the Cape of Gy:l flop^, who.n they call
Cafres, or Hotcnlots. WJien they I'peak, they make a
Noife with their Tongues like the Breaking of Wind ':>ack-
wards ; and though they hariily fpeak articulately, yet the/
cafily underihnd one another. They cover themfelves
with the Skins of wild Bealb, which they kill in the

Debentures, of the Servants of the Dutch Company, which Woods in the Winter, wearing the hairy Part iniicrmcfl-,

they that have no Mind to return into their own Country, and in the Summer outcrmoft: But there arc none but the

a.s being lottird in the Indies, will fell at an eafy Hate, in- bcft fort among them who are thus clad } the reil wear

iomuth that for fixty or feventy, you may buy an hundred nothing but a nally Rag about their Privy-partn. The

Piallers, the A(f\ and .Acritiittance of the Seller being made Men and the Women are lean and fliort, and when they

and mvllered by the publick Notary. bring forth a male Child, their Mothers cut out the

riieinijion I bought ofonc of the publick Notaries, who Right-ffone, and prefently give him Water to drink, and

had Bills in his ! lands to the Value of about eleven hun-
drei' Guildcis, at Iburfcore and two tor the hundred. Af-
ter that I Iwught, by means ofthe Advocate of the Treafu-
ry, fix thouland (iuilders more at feventy-ninc for the hun-
(ired. But fotne few Days after, meeting with the fame
Advcnate again, he palled a Compliment upon me, and
told me he was very much troubled tor thofe that had
Ixnight Delientures, in regard that the General and the
Council had commanded him to rrcal all Debentures
that had Ixen Ibid ; for they had conlidcred how fad a
Tiling it would he for the [Kwr Men to lote i"o much of
their Salaries -, 1 ant'wcred him, that, tor my Part, I was
willing to return mine, provided I might have my Mo-
ney as^nin.

AlHjut fix or feven I lours after, I was fent for by the
(icneral and the Council •, when I came there they afked
:iie why I had nor returned my Debentures which 1 had
to the Advocate, wlio hid demandeit them by their Or-
der? I ai.tWeuil them, that they w;'re at />'..•</.',;;/;, whither
1 hid lent them in order to my Pairie;e home, in re-
pard that the l-'»j;!'p Prelident had otVered me 'a Conveni-
ence to fn aloiii'; wiih him. 'i'he Cnuinil anlwered me,
that the l)i,!il> Shi] s w. re as [V'O'^ •''^ ''"' 1''''K''J'\ -inil
VI ry nrtaii.ly alTiircd me, that they would give Orders lor
a ( al'-iii to mylelt 111 the Vice-.\dmii.il ; but withal told
iv.e, I iiuitl deliver up my Debditures before I tlirred, al-
l.iiiiif, me they would j'.ive me a Bill to be reimburled my
iMoii'-v ill H-ii/itrJ. I "tluiuiiht it very hard, not knowing
how to tuiii il-.em, 'nit l:eing t!ie Merchants, Comman-
>!tis, and all (;iher Pel : ir.;,< lappM v.v, and their I'ap'crs ta-
I n Iroiii th.ni by loice that had InnM^Iit D. beniures, I
dioii",lit it the b i\ Way to deliver mine, and tiand to
iheir I oiitf ly. 1 olteii prelled the (ieneral and the Coun-
'.I toi tny l!ill ; lint, alter many I'.iys the General alcer-
tiiiied me, that my lii!l lliould be in //e/.'.iv./ .is I'oon as I.
1 iier upon deiii 1 \^ ilr: \';i.' ■ A'.'miral, and Ibnie others, to

Tobacco to cat. They cut out the Right-teftitle, becaufe,
they fay, it makes them fwiftcr to run. There are fome
of them that will catch a Roe-buck running. They nei-
ther know what belongs to (Joid nor Silver 1 and, for Re-
ligion, they have none among them.

15. So tbop as V calt Anchor, four Women cime on
board of us, ani' ' ..night four young Ollriches, which were
boiled fop fome fick People we had aboard us -, after that
they brought great Store of Tortoile-lhcll^, and ORriches-
F.ggs, and otlicr F.ggs as big as Goofe-Eggs, which, tho*
they had no Yolk, tailed very well. The Birds that la/
thete F.ggs are a ibrt of Geefc, and fo fat that they are
hardly to be eaten, tailing rather like Fifh than Flefh.
The Women teeing our Cook throw away the Guts of
two or three Fowls, which he was drclTing, took them
up, and, liiueczing out the Ordure, eat them as they were,
being highly pkatcd with the /Igiia I'ita which the
Capt.ain g.avc tlit-m. Neither Men nor Women are
alhamed to fhcw their Nakedncfs 1 for, indeed, they
are but a fort of two-legg'd Beafh.

So Ibon .as a Ship a-rivcs, they bring their Bcevcrs to
the Shore, with what other Commodities they hava^ to
barter for Strong-water, and Tobacco, Cryfl.i!, or Agar,
Beads, or any fort of old Iron- work. If they are not la-
tistied with what you offer them, away they lly, and then
giving a Whittle, all their Cattle follow them -, nor fliall
you ever tee them again. Some, when they law tlicni Hy
would flioot .md kill thtir Cattle -, but, altir that, for ma-
ny Years, they would not bring any more. It ''j a sfry great
Convenience for the Veil' !s that touch there, to take in
freth Vit'tuals, and the Dit.b did well to biidd a I'ott
there. It is now a good liandli me Town, inhal'ited by all
forts of People that live with the Dutch -, :!nd all ibrti of
(ir: in which are brought out of Eurcp:, or /^:j,nnd lowed
theie, come to !i;reatcr Pcrfrv'tion than in other Parts. The
Country lies iii";'j' and finn: tirw Minuter, over ; lb that

;„• 11, 1; «

ill- ■■ ■

*;T'hi \
I

^' H '.

III

'^ 11

84S

7/r l\'<Jils /" /'''• Jr:rnt/ >///•/.. oj L.uki,

00 Iv

S:''

! >

■km

it<..nnft k' Iju! t!).it ciil.ii tS llt.it.m tin .Situ.ition i-l
the Limutr, m«kc men- t.i'/rc* loliUik. IWini; tki'i ik
t. know til' Rr.ikp, .iihl why they Ihmk I.) frrri..''), I
ji-ariit it tuiin a luil, th.it wa> hnd tr,i in liv I'ort, wiio
w,i> t-ikcn tioiii hir Moiior .is |. .ii - in * i i"!i, uikI
w.is w!iit(, hkcoiii Wt.iiun m hurojx : v>hc tolii mc, tiut
tiic K1.4I011 W.1S lyc.iuic th- C'lffo ml) tln'iv.lilvc. w.ih .1
(jica;., or OhU:n(i t, i . ),n,v)ia'i o! Uvcr.il l.irt. ol 1)iuj;s
whfrtwiih rtiiHiKI tlity i.ut aiuiint tlviiilclvis very uli>n,
aiui (») i'oon a^ thi-y wac U.rn, thry woi.l.l Iv.oini- hy-
ilroiTKul, a« till- ;.'.'.;.'(•' <-! .)yn..i an^l tli; .tii;i.\j)m:uiis aic,
or like tlic IVojli- (r( .li'j/'.;, that never livi- alxwc forty Yr.irs
ami arc alw.iy. tfoiilL*.! witli i«n<- l-t^; twi. i- as Nji a. tlic
other. IhUf C.iira, a.s btuuilh as iluy an-, h.ivf yvt
lomt: KnowliJi;c'(>t Si'ii|;!(--, whuh t.'ny kr.o\v how to
apply to liv-ral Oilralis wim'j the Du.'ii^ liavt Kvcral
1 iin;"iexjx-t:tiicc\!. Ul luattecii liik l'crU>MS that we li.ui 111
Kur Snip, iilt'>n wcti coiiiiiii(t">l to the C.j/fv., lx■ln^
trouMcil viiiii rkcri. in tla-ir I .ly,-, .uul ok\ WouikU
whiili tluy luJ ri.iivcil 111 tlie Wais, aiiJ, 111 liKthan
iiliien I).i)s ih<y >^'" iieilii'll) lUieJ. Iv. i> oni- ut
thrk luil iwoCii/'V.' ti. Ii'iik altci hitii, ar;>l an.oiiliiig f)
the (.oiul.i.c.n ot the \Ni)imil or Liar, tlvy went and
tftchul Simi 1«, »hicii tluy liriiila! Ivtwecn two Stones,
anJ. arplifil to the Son. As lor thi otiirr four, they
were lo tar lionc w.th the I'ox, that thiy wouLl not trull
i!k- (':(•(■ witl'. lhe;ii, h.iv.iij; ixen iv.vcii ( vci at lUw.'U,
ami lo ihiy ail ilud Ixtwan the CajK- an>l S.n'U Hi.'
lens.

In the Viar i(''>i, a (icntUman ol Brii,:r.n\, W\n^ at
R.;i.r.i.i, wa> 1.) h,t Ly the Giuts in th: Night, that hii
La^ cxulicr.u.>i prrt;ntly, in Curh a Maniur as to pu^/.lr
all the Alt .i;ul Skill ol the- Chirur5;cons ot taat Town.
Wlu-ii he canu- to the Cipf if Gc.J U^p.; the Captain oi
the Snip fcntlmi^ hiiu on .Shore, the Ctfrfs came uLxmt
hiir, a:-..! ."iftrr tluy haii UluUl hini, they t(jlil hini, il he
wouki t:uil to tlien\ they woukl c-urt him i tiic Captain
therrfore Loniimtiul hini to their Lan', who ciiiul hnii,
and made h.ii a l')und Ma:i in Icl'i tlian lilteen Days,
Wluii a Siiip lurres to an Anchor m the: Cajx, it ib t)ie
Culloni lor liKii that ( i,mm.uids the .Siuj', to (^ivc Leave
to I'm; I'art '-t tin M. tuners ami Sukliirs to <j,o ailiort to
rcuerti then.iUvci. 1 he (kkiy have lirlt Leave by Turns,
and go to the lown. where tlicy are liuted and kHlgt^l
for leven or eii;t.; S;,i.. a Day, aiil arc very well lilc.i. Ft
;s the Lul'.i-n ol ilie Du:<i, wi.n tiny :lay here, to lind
w;t I'aitirs ol .Soklier^ ujhjii tiie Dil'covcry ol the up-!anil
v.<,ur.',:y. ar.'l they il.at go tatthcft, are bell lew.ndcd.
With tli;-> DefiRn a i'arty ot Swkiiers, ur.der tlic Lonv
ii-.and ot a bcriiant. far adv„;.i.cd .n the Country, .tnd
NH^i.i coming on, they nude a great Lire, ai wdl to kccjj
tJieiiilJvcs lioiii the Lion^, .ti to warm themlelvti, and lo
lay down to deep round aliout U i lx.ing al'.; ep, a Li jn IzU'
cxl oixol die Soldui's Arn»s, which t!.e Sci;e.int percciv-
ii^;, immediately fliot tii: Lion witli h.s Carlniic ; but,
when hi wi>dcai!, they had nnithadoto open the ijon i
Moudi to get out the SoKncr's Arm.

'11, ui It appears a viiltjar Firor, to think that Lions
Will i.'jt come near the {-in . A. ii.r tiie Soldier, the (m/-
res cured him in tweivr D.iys. Ttiere arc in the 1 ort
al)ur.da.".ce ci L.ui.' ..r.d Tygcri Skie.i ; aiiiocg the riH>,
tiietc was the ''•k.n 0.' a I lot!r which tiie Cj/rfs had killed 1
.! >*as w'.iii, crofrrd writii b'.atk Streaks lp<.tted hk- a
1/op.iid, Without a lad. l wo or tlirct I^-agues Irom
rhi- Dulti. l'i,:t, there W4« a Lioi loutul dead, with Tout
I'orevipiU' Quiiij in ii:> B'x y, the tluid I'ari wlienof had
pic'C'd l.i'- ritlli J I'lj t!iat il wa- [udyed that the I'orc.ipi!)':
I.ail kil.ed th: Lion. 'I he Sk;:i, with th- (^iilU in .t,
ai'- kept at t!ic lort. A I/ay^je horn thi'i l-ott is a laif
1 ,.wr., tlut ^towi Liggrr i very Day.

When tir D:iuhL<AU\.^ny .iriivi; there witli tli- ir Slupi,
U ail) Soldier or Mariwr w.l! live there, ihcy are glad ol
'I ;..) h.iv; ji: nv.nii Cirotii.d a; they can manaj^e, where
;,.! v iuve all loits ut H<rl;*, aiid I'ullc-, and a. mui h Hue,
.:;d a', ni.iny ('irapc, a, they can dciire. 'liny have alio
•j,, .r.j' Oii;j. iits, Bi.el, S.a-.i.'l;, and fwcct Water to i ati li
i.ii Oili...hf* when they pltal'c i they get tluir Nells whci
:..:'. ut j'J'ing, .i^'J d.:tv:;-.g a Stake in the (jtound, in- the
ll:>:. 1 , vo. i 'i; 'o :!.■; i'ukc, and wiien t.'irv u- • '■]

eiK'iigh, thv innie iiiul t.ikc thnn out ol t!.- Ki\ \u,
wheiue It IS imix.iril.ie to ily away. \\ nen the DHibh^l
t.) inlul'it the (..'/■<•, th. y i-H.k a your- t,„l jru,,, |„., m
thcr as loo'i as |]ie was t^.m 1 lln |. wi.iie, 1,1, Iv hrr \ '•■
IS a little liat. A Inhil.m.iH ,vt litr with C IiiM/j;;^, ^■,^','"
It.ive n:arried lur;, but the C.-mpany w re |,,t.,r f,,,,,, ,.'
iiiitiin;' Inn. rut tliey iM.k aw.i) al ov^ nnehuiidua L;viis
ol the M.Uu's Wjgc, horn liri, (n punilh her lor'the .M,'|'
ilemeaiuw, which was I'lmewhat liaril.

I'lure are );i(at Numixn ot I ions and '1 vg<rs, which
the l)u!U> have a pa tty Inv. ntion to take 1 iluy'tjiti, a
Latbinc to a Stake tirivcii into t'lc l-.arth, and lay .si^t
touml aUmt th- Inm, whuh Meat is laltened with a .s'tnne
to the rrn;t;ir, lo iliat when the ii.-ail Inatilus the Mrjr
the String puds th,- I'ligijfr. and l!ie Inin goes oft, Uiu
the Lion uthcr in the 1 hroat or Brcall. Ihc Ciifra Iced
Ujion a Root like (ur Carrots, whkh tliey ro.al, and iiuL-
Hfcid ol. Somrtimrs tluy giiiid it into 1 lour, a;u| tiua
It tallrs 111.:- a Walnu; ; toi tii,"ii I (hkl they eat :1k- cin,'.
Root taw, witii law llilh. ai.d witli liu- Lntr.iils of Hc.ii;.,
out ol whicii they only Ique./.i liji Ordure, As tor tir
IJowcls ol the Willi Bead , tlic \sdni>n wear them dr,- .1
aliou' till ir Legs, elpciiahy the IJoweis oi thole Ik-atts tlmr
I lullunds kill, whuh thi y lo k upon as a kind 01 Ori.j-
mint,

Ihiy ado led iiiH.n I'oriiuii -, when they hac; 1 , .-.u
heated them .it tin. lire, as to tnaki the Sliriis come nil.
'Iluy aie very exi<ft in ilaiting thiir Aiagayas, .ind tiiu e
that iiavc none m.ikc ule ol paintcil Stn.ks, whuh thev w;.l
launcc a grc.it way -, with tlieic tluy go down to the Sea-
fk'.c, and as lixjii as ever they Ipy a Iilh near the Top ui
the Watir, ihey will not lail to lliike hnu. As fur tlicir
Hiids, whuh ail like our Duik.s, whole Lggs are without
.ir.y Yolk, they breed in lin li guat (jiLintitics in the Coun-
try, that in a Bay, .iliout eighteen Le.iguis tioin tde Ci;;'^
you may knock tiiem on the Head with a Stick. 1 he
l)u.'(b once cai 1 lei! a young Cafi e to the ( leneral at Ha:.:-:i.\
who bred Iiini larelully up, tiai lung liini to uiiiLnlam.', tne
/)*/. '!' .iiul I'crf.ij^uiZf I -ingaaf;isjK. Meetly well. At leiigt'i,
Ixing del'.r' us t'l rttiiin to h.s own Country, the (imeral
gave lum vuy good C.'oaths, m^\ good Linnrti, iiopmj;
that h" w.)u!d have lived amo;ig t.ic Dfid', and have
betn retvicealik- to them in tiie Duvoviry of the Coumrv;
but Ih llKin a* he got home, iu- I'.ung Kis Cloaihs into the
Sea, and returned wil.i .imong lui teilow- Natives, catin,;
law 1-lcfh Ui lie did bclore, xi.i i.ju.t. loigatiii^; lui IJciie-
tae'.ors.

When the Cjfra go a I lui-.ti.n;, tiiey go in |;reat Niini-
bcis logethir.a:!.! inakeliii!i .1 proi.n;iiou> howling ami yell-
uig, tlut th;) l.iglit the vti) livaltsihemlelves, ai-d in tlut
Allright with 1 ale dellioy tliem -, and I have Ixen ail-.ircd,
that their Crie^ teirify the l,ioiis t!i; nilclves. liic \Vi.:n(n
areol I'oiiotaLordhtutionol Body, that it at the 1 i:iu>:heir
Monthly Cullon.s aic u|xjn them, thi y luppen to ni.iks
Water, and that an kurcf,M ihain-o to kt his leet n; un
it, it caul'ei r.\ iiiiinediate lleada. h and I'ever, w,.ic;i
nuny tiiU's turns to the I'l.igur.

JO, 1 laving llaycd twenty two Dayj at the CaptcfCicJ
Ihpt, IceiDg that tiie Wind wjs lavou.'able, wc weighed
Anchor, and. Ilcired tor St.llc.Un., when we were 11 :d.:
.Sad, the Man. .ris died out, thiy w..i,ld l\'ep till ihcycanx
ii;to .>.'. H:1Lh\ Ko.id i lor tlie \'v ii.d is very coiulaiii, and
ta.ric'. -j^v. in fixtrcn or eightcin Day. to ti.e Road ut t.'ic
IHand. All t.he 1 rouble that our M..rinets had was, dui
in iouitcc.i D.iy. alier our Diiatti.ie Irom the C.;/f, tliey
were often b ritvi to tlic 'l"opiiiaii i [..i^, ujxjn Dilci very
ol ilic Iiland i lor as loon a:, yeu diiiovcr the Mai d. trie
I'ilct mull tai»e laie lo lleer 10 the Noith-lidc ot t le lilau.l,
Ixeai.:. tin re -., iio i.allirg Aiu.iioi bu: on that Side >>! the
Lbnd, and that v.ry near tli«: Nhoie too, ly lealun ul the
D'epnifs ot the Water i lor il the Anchors come nut to
tike hold, the Cuircnt ol the V» atir and the Wii.il urries
the Sliil' <iul( • out ol the Road, whuh there i. no tcvoVer-
ing again, lv...nile the Wind ne.-ii cliinges.

So lo.jn a. tiie Ship came tij.in .Anchor, pailol i'le Sel-
tiiLn weie lei.t on Shore to get wild 1 log., of \siiuh there
me great I'iei.iy, and to gather Soirel, which glows in
gieat al und.iiicc ; and indeed they not only lii.t the S<a-
iiirii, b',:t all til.; I'it^s, Shtrp, Cieele, DiA-, .lad rulkts

.iLcijri

■ti, 1 :. '

Hoolv I.

Chap. II.

from J. B. T A V 1 R N I n r.

841;

ii>

•'V. ^>iirni!u/)«,,/,j„„j,

'yo.n';(,„i|runi|,aMJ.
'^'•^'■"c-, ,„,lvlu■r.^>J■.■
'['•'"v w'TMi.fjrr.,,,,,,;,.
yaUiVc .iin;h„|,Jr,jl_,^.|.^

'" I'lliulli li.t I,,, ,1,. ;^|.

It li.m).

I ions aiullvsas which
"tK.M to takfi iluy lull,;, ,

■'' ' "• '■••'rtli, and by M„t

'<'-'tM.illn.raw,t!.a.Str,nK

Ik ll;-uil liuKhcsthcMrar

•'";' '■'"/■'"iK-xsoli, hits

wl.uh tli.y ro,.ll, ana iiLikL-
'•"' '■ '•"" Mour, ana the,
'■■II I.hkI they fat ;hv iw,.

I Willi liu- J-.ntrails of Bcait'
tx the Ordure, As K,r li,-
k \\omjii wear thcni dr,' I

iwv,(isoith(iiel'K:alls their
'K ujjoii aiu kindoiOriu-

iile-, wlicn th;y have 1,, ;.„

u iitak^ the .Sh<-;:.. eome i.iV.

r.iliur Aiagayas, andthor;

'"'■^'^'i'-l<S whah thiy wii!

• ii»iy K*>iluwn tuthr.Sej-

Uy a Iilh near the Top ^

I) llrike hini. As tur tlicir

whole I-ggs arc ttitho:,:

.it(^iaiuuiesinthecoiiu

c-cn l.c.ij;u(s honu.ie C;f<-,
I Kail with a Stiek. I'dc
<• to tlicdeneral .it H.u.:-:t.\
liinglnni to uiid. aland tuj

.s|<rlectiywtll. At biKt'i,
own Country, tin- (nneral
M<i ^ood LiiincH, huynv^

oiig i;tc Dfid; and have
Diicoviry of tlic Couiurv;

u- I'.u;-.^ Kis CloatlH mto tk-

; iui lellow Natives fal:n_;

.1 qu.t.' tormttin(i his liciic-

liijj, tiicy <:;o in j;r<a! Niini-
iruoijiKJUj iKiwiiuj; aiu; yell-
Ivaliiihcinklvc,, a.a m thjt

II i and I havL becM aii;;iti),
■- th;nilclves. 'lii- Wriivii
ly, tliatitat the ri;ik> their
lein, iliry lupptn to niak;
liaiKi.j to let hii Icrt u; on
:adai-h and l-cvcr, w..ic:i

vo Day J at tac Cap< ojU^-cJ
as favooral'ic, wc weighed
./<vi.i i wjjen wf were 11 .d.:
)• woiddlleejuiil thrycair.e
"A iiid Is very toiillant, aiui
n Day. to tiic Road u( il.:
-uf ,M..rmcis had wjn, liut
r.n.:.- Uo:u t!ie dfr, iliey
laii 1 l.ad, u\Hin Diln very
eU dllKAcr the lllai:d, liie
hf N'o.-th-lidcot t'icliland,
l.'.i bu! oil thac .Su!c v'l tli;.-
•hoic too, ly uaiofi ol the
I the <\n».hyri cunie nut to
'> aicr aiii! the \\ n.d i.iirie^
, wliieli ilitrc 1. 1.0 Uki^ver-
eVLi clianyes.
ail Anchor, paitol i!ie.Sea-
wild Hog., ot \Wiivh tlurc
•r Soirel, whith (^lov.s in
hty not only lu.t ih'- Sia-
tietk', D.kk.., ^rJ Tull-ts
aU'jrJ

aboard, to feed upon thU S,^r,.l, wl.iti, purK.d ilum in and Im Civility to mc all tl.c Voyagr, and the.ct i>iocc(.d
lurl. » manner, that in a few Days rhry hetoinr lo lat, that cd by I .and to MMlchnh.

y 1 .and to MUdkkirfih.
I'oiir Days aftrr I tame to Muidhlmrj^b I went to Tetch
my Clirlls, ami tindinj; tiie two Uiiedots tiure, one a Zea-
Imhr, the other ol Heni, who canv fnll a board us, I
I'rodiiecd niy Keys, and olVeicd flit Chills to be ojie.'icd i
Init il\c y.ti-Mm.itr, more civil than th( fhnin, delivered
n\e my Keys m^.iin, and taking my VV<,id, told mv, I was
Ine to take away my Goods ; ami ir.Jetd, i have tver
obli'tved that the Northern I'eoplc arc always more rude
and unnental than the Southern. As for the leventecn
ihoiilairl live hundred Floiins which the (.eneral of Bn/u-
■V14 I'lniiuled me fliould be paid me upon my .Arrival in
Hoi.'iri.:, I r(e( ived li) many Delays and I'.ut-oli '■;, that I
w« at len(;ih lorecd to commence a Suit that lafled two
Yeai> k niM could I get a jiublitk Notary, either at /Im-

by that Time we catne to Holland they were hardly to be
eaten. I'hat .Sorrel has the lame O|x.ration u|)on the Mm,
who Ixnling their wild Swiius-i-'le(h, Rue and Sorrel to-
gether, make thrrrola kind ot Fotta^e, lb excellent, that
It kee|)s their Hodies ojien, by an inlenlible l*inj(ation.
Thtrc are two Places upon the Coall ot St. Hilltiis where
Ships may come to an Anchor •, but the kll is that where
wc lay, by realbn the Ground is very j^ood, .ind Iveaule
the Water that <aiU from the Mountains is the bell in the
llLind. In this Part ot the Illanil there is no I'lain, lor tl ■
Mountain ilefcends to the very Shore ol the Sea, It u nm
lo pood anchonnp in the other Road 1 but there is a vi ly
handlome I'lain, where you may low or reap whativery. u
plealc. There arc threat Store ol Citrons, ami loine O.-an-

ges which the I'oriunutzc had tormerly planted there ; lor jlt'iL:m, n\ the /%'«, that would make me out a I'rotcft,
that Nation have that Virtue, tiiat wherever they cnuif tluy . • . -.

make the Flace the Ix-tter tor thole that tome alfr tin 111,
whereas the Duuh endeavour to dellroy all thmt^s where
ever they let Ko'itin^. I contels the CoinmanOers ,ire not
of that Humour ■, but the -Seamen anil Sul.liers are, who try
one to another, we lliall never come here any more, and,
out of (ircedincfs, will cut down a whole 1 ree inllead of

gathering the Fruit.
Some Days alter tlirir Arrival, came in a PortugniTif \'' del

from Guinea, full of Slaves v. ho w: r • bi und tor tlit Mints

ot ttru, fome of the Dutch that unJcillood the liHij;uaKe

of the Negroes, tolilthrm how n. if rably they would lit u!eil,

and thereupon the next Night two liundnd a: d liliy of

them threw themfelves into tiit Sea ; and indeed, it is a

mifcrable Slavery -, for lometimes after they havi' undermin-
ed fome Places for fome Days together, the I'larth beiiip,

loolt.-, talis down, and kills tour or live hundied at a time \

bcl'.des that, when they have been iiiiniiij' awhile, their

Faces, their Eyes, and their Skins change Colour, wliith

proceeds from the Vapours that arilctromtiioleCor.tavit us •,

nor could they fubfilt in thofe PLices, but Irom the Qiian-

tity of llinng Water which they give Ijoth to the Men and

Women. 1 here are fome th.it are mad.e tree by their Ma

fters, who laliour, howt ver, for their Living •, but between

Saturday Night and Monday Murning, t'ley fpeiul all their

Wages in ftrong Water, which is very dear, lo that tliey

always live milerahly.

Being ready to depart the Illand of .S7. Heihns, the Ad-
miral called a Council, to advife which Way to lleri the

greateft Fart were for fteering more to the Well than to

the South, becaule the Seafon tor tailing was tar Ipeiit 4 and

lor that, if wc lleend towards the li'cft, wc Ihould lind

the Wind more proper to carry us into Hniiand \ but we

hail no fiKjner palfed the Line, but we toiind the Win.l

nunc contrary to what the Mariners expcrted, lo that we

were torced to lleer to the fixty-fourth licgrec of .Alciude

with the Illand, and lo return by the North into IhH.ni.l.
17. I'lunext Day alter the Admiral had called a t ouikiI,

We weighed AiicIum, and let Sail .diout ten o'Chiik at

Night. Three D.iys after our Departure trom St. iUlUnty

the Seamen were tailed very iluly to Prayers Morning ,md

Kvening, though all the '1 ime we Hayed in the Road they

never minded any luch Matter, which ma le me wonder to

tird they ftiould be more devout when tluy were out ot

Danger than when they were in Jeopardy, After I'everal

Days failing, we ilifcovered the Coall of IccLind, and then

the Illand of Terdii, where we joined with the Diitih Meet

th.it ftayed tor us. Mere it is that the Comm.inder in eliul

calls to «n Account all the Mariners tor their Mil.lemca-

nnrs during the whole \'oyage. Our Ship was bound for

Zealand, but we were torced tn lie out to Sea leveii D.iys

belorc wc a)uld get into l-iujhni, bctorc the Sand had

changed its Plate.

Coming to an Anchor before /'.'«/'/ nf, two ot the Direc-
tors of the L ompany came a-lK)aril to weiome us hoin , and

to ailvile us to lock our C hells, and pi't our Marks upon

them ■, for all Chells are ta. rkd into the b.^d- India I louf ,

where, when the Owners eome lor them, tluy arc ordei.d

. v( ry <mf le.iring tlie Diredor.s, who were both Judges
and I'auirs, At length, alter five Years wrangling and
jiinojing, the Diici'tor wrote to my Brother at Batavia (for
I wa,s tin n again returned to the Iiidia) that if I would ac-
cept ol ten thoufand Livns, he migl.t receive it for me,
whitli he did, and 1 was turted to give an Acquittance for
the whole,

Fliis is the Return which I made fom tlie InJ-.es in the
Year 1641), and the only time that ever 1 returned by Sea,
liavini', pertormed all the reft of my Travels by Land, not
counting my Ihort Voyages through the Miditcrrnncau for
any thing \ and as for my tinl Travels, I performed tiiem
all by I Kind from Viiris through Gmnmiy and Himgnry, as
tar ,is C^iiJ}.inliiio/^le, whither I returned again in the Y'ear
t(iiii). I'Vom Ccnftantinof'U I went to Simnia, thence I
failed lor /■»;?/'<;>•» I trom L'jkorn, I travelled by Land to
(iVwfl.i, thence to iiiriu, and lo to Paris.

'I he pi'iled Acquaintance which our Author had
with all the Culloms of the Indians, cxpofed him to a great
Numbi r ol iMujuiries on his n turn home -, and he was very
otttn prelVed, not only by tlie mod confuler.ablc of the
i'rnd' Minillers, buttveu by tiie King himfelf, to puttlv-
Anl'wcrs he gave to thole F.nqiiirics inro Writing; and
thelo were afterwards reikiced under I'everal Lleads, and
nosv make the feveral Chapters in his Travels ; and this
Ai count of them may ferve to reconcile the Reader to the
leemini^ Incoherency of thofe Difcourfts, Among thefc
till re is one nvre remarkably curious in relation to the Cu-
llom that llill prev,uls in the /«i/«, of Women burning
ihrmli'lves on the Demife of their Hultands, and alfo of
Men's fubmitting voluntarily to Death, upon extraordinary
Oec.dions, 'I'lils DilVertation, as I judged it, could not
bur tv very agreeable to the Reader, and at the fame time
inllruvlive, I thoiiglit it not amil's to .idd here at the
I'.nd of Ins Travels, the rather, becaule it has no fort of
Connexion with any Part of his Relation, but is, as I ob-
ferved beloie, a feparate Dilloui fe upon that particular Sub-
iecl, in wIikIi he h.is related wh.at occurred to him thereon
during Ins long Stay in the Indies, which renders it more
pt rf. Ol in its kind tiian any thing I have ever met with on
the SubieCf i and therefore I have given it at large, and en-
tirely in the Words of our Author, which are as follows.

!t li.is been a Cullom Time immemorial, among the In-
duns, ili.it a Woman llioukl only marry one Hulband, and
in cilc ol his Deccat'e, continue a V\ idow to the Time of
her Dc.ith. As loon, then lore, as the Mailer of a Family
isd( ,ivl, his Wife n tires to bewail her 1 lulhand fome Daysj
alter whieh they lliave her 1 Icid, and rtie lays afide all the
Ornaments which Ihe had worn during the Time of her
M.uri.iiv, taking olV at the fame time trom her Arms and
Legs tie: Ikacclets which her Hulband put on wnen he
cfpouHd her, in token of her Suiimidion, and her being
chained to him, and all tlie rell of her Lite the lives
iVighied and deljnfed, and in a woric Condition than a
Slave, in the very 1 loulc where Ihe was Millrels bctore.
This 'unfortunate Condition caul'es them to hate Life, lo
tlut they lather cluife to be buried alive with the B -dy ot
their dfceafed llullund, than to live the Scorn and Con-
belides that, the bra!>uns malcc

to onen them Icll tlr V ihonid have any contraiMnd Goods tempt ol all the World v , „

1 eSiV.hcKU n^ 1^^^ .. N'-rk u, on my Clults, and went then, believe, that in dying alter that manner, they ii 1

7!^'^!\Ul^^n a u'>od Character ot the Captain, revive aaain with him in another World, with more Ho-
Numb. 57.

10 G

jwur

' I'. !i

i: !■»

'??;> *'

^k^

I y.

!"*;' 1;

'^\ M-

%
•lit.

■iL

Ot c

:/"

(./ ti.). J.ii^iij

111

Boc

)i.

!;■, 1^

^' vU

^.:-':

a.^-^' ^'

^'i'?i':i

lori'.

ThfU' atr t^ic Mo; vf» f!i,if cAu'r rlu' Woir.n tolmm
with th ir Mlilbii-.i: \ b:(l.U^ lli.ll. l'.:r P:i,-lK :'.!tlrr tliCIll
with I li'i < . that \. lull- thrv Jrt in the n'itlt* o» the l-Utm-,
Iwfon- tliry c\\y,rc, K.:i>: will .»|<|v,ir, .mil i(V,-il wmulirh.!
Vil'.ovs to ihiiii ; anil tli.\t «lt:r i' '.r SoiiU ii.ivf tt^nhiii-
'^ratcil .iif.i vane us Hi«!n>. th(v Ih.ill n icr;,i'i titnjiii .1
h ith IVprcr it II. ■ ciir Co It i.iity llowivcr. thc-r i<
no WiMLin that iv> 1 \;m with li r I luilvimi'' Iknly, till
rtir h.is thr I cavi <•» the Cipvrnuir <«l the I'licr where llu-
iiih.ilifv, w'm» bring 4 M h.:mm<.!.fi, aiul .iMmrrinn f'K*
rxfraMf Cr;tiii ol Sfll-iinnlrr, !•■ vtrv Ihv to jHrniit thrni.
Bilidt^, tintf urr i.oii In.t WiJ.^'^ rhii havf no l hililrfii
ihu; lu- (iivl.-r the Ui'i'i'.uh t!;,it tonf. ihui) to violent
Utaihs : For, as (or thr WiiUnv that h.m- Ciiillirr, they
are by no iiu-jpj jHririttnl to Inin tlienMJvr>. Inn unite
the loiirrary. 11.' y ari cmmanKI t) Itvc (or the l.Ju-
cati'jri i>t the ChiL.un. Ilulc Wninrn, whoin the (>o-
vernor will nt pdiiKt to lisrn ilifinlilves \\Ki.i\ the nil
of their I ivK in ij.it';' I'-niumi', -wil ivitormini; WoiLs
i)t Charity. Some nuke it thn, UulincN to lit ujirn the
Roail to Ixiil ifrta:n I'iillc 10 Water, tiiil to uno the I i-
qiior to 'rravclki . to iltink •, olhet* lit wuli |-"ire aUvay.
na.'y U" tluin to light th n T<'!>ar> >• ; others fiiake V'ows
to tat niithin!: Init ihc iint i^jiftcd lirains whuh thry tiiul
in Cow 'uiiR.

The (i.ivernor. timlinj^ rio IVrliulion will alter the Wo-
•HMis K'toliitioM. (vir nvr- clixt tally, ]vr(rivir.f: by the
S:.^n \\hir;i !•. • s, rrtary iiukrs him. il-.ai in has rifvivi-.l
t'r. C.'ir, !:i a liiily rrarniT ^\\vi\ thr- Womnn 1 xavc, hul
i;i';{^thi Devil take her aiul all li'-r Kimlieil. \\i\:n tlicy
havr r;f>r this l/avc, thru Mulitk lv!',:i^ to flrike up, »m\
av ..; tr.c) lu.iii h to ihr I Iimir ol ihc I)<xcak»l, with Dninn
licatiiCi aiii! HiitT'^ playiup K-forc thini. ami in that nun-
f.tr rh-y aeconiiunv the IVtliin ih.u 1- to Ik Iniint to the
Plai r a,;vMnti\l. All the Kim'rcii aiiM I'nr!, s ot thf
W, i.w ilut IS to (iie come to lur anil con(i itiilate her on
iKe Hapi'infs ftic i« to enjoy in the ottur Worlii, ami tui
tic i Lr.our which I'u- C all (\\e n of rtveivcs l>y her g. lu-
rous Krfoiution. >hf I'rrfles h'rlilt m it (Iv w< rr (;wip.i',
to be n.arrcd, .mil Che is coiuhhrteJ in IricMij'h t> th
Place ol K\tnifii)'i \ tor the Noile I"* louvi of n-.tilliai In-
ftf.inv ". ai ; V. ,»m<"n> N'oicrs, that loll iw licr, lingiii!;
S irg* ;•> I lonovir of • e ri'ilcial^lc Creature that is goin;» to
clir. I he Braniir . lo acfoi; p.ny her, to pivo j>i;',)ikk
TcfliiivonieN of In r Conllanry and Couraj^e, anil many 01
oil.- hu'iif<itn}, an- of Ojvi i: 1,, that !■. ;akc a\\ay the Icirs
of IVath, » III natora'ly ta-.ty hi.iui;ir\, the I'nclK
giv:- htr a rrrtaiii Brv-ri.!ff' to lUmily ami ihlbnicr the
Srn!- , w'.ih take ,oni h all /\) ! r Inn lions ol her
ajipfoac(;i-'t» |V.,-h. 'I IS lur the Biaiiiii's Intiiell tliat
th ■ "o<ii r.tl'iaiil'- Ci»at\irr^ fliouli! Kiiti.uii m thnrUi-io-
jution- ; (1 r all tliir Bracilct^, as w«ll al^Hit their Iz-f^s as
thr:r AfM.', the Per I'antv in their Fav, rinvtiins ot (.ioiii,
fori'.' tiir.ts ol Silvii ( toi ih'- 1'oim v.v.iri ,\y i.i Co] ;,er anit
Till a'l thr-lif 1)^1. .'I'H t.i tin i;r.;ii.|i,«, w!;o rake tor them
arropf^ ilv Afh.s wlvn r), • Pi:iy is In.- dt.

1 l,av;' Jir-i Wi.ni.ii hu' •.; ati 1 &,:rr ilitiirrnt Man-
ni's anortli! c; t j th-.- D.n ' !'!'i. 01 iK'- Country. In t;.c
KiM"'nn-, of fjifsv-.'/, ::\ t.ir -s A^>.i .n.! Dh!:, tiicv fet
ir;i a rr'e II, a'^.'.! t« ive Fcf t louarr, m^n the llank
ol a I'o f I f.r Kiv.r ; ;t s tiia !•: ot Ke'i!^ .iiii. all Coirs ol
fma'i \V.w.', v.:\\\ K.V 1, .h y ii-,i:ij..!vctiMn P.>ts 01 O.i,
31.(1 other Drtj^s, tom.^ke it lurn more veVti.er.t!y. "I ht-
Won. a.! li plaail in rh. .N':Mi- .,{ th • 1 lur, in a halflv-
i tg-il.iwn-poftorf, Irar.itip hrr I had iijion a kind 01
a W(^.<rn B.J' , ai 1 iclhri;; lur isjck aifain'.t a PilLat,
to \s|.i;h the Hf.j !,.n ti-'. hci atv.'i;t the MiiMi ■, |.,r \'.x
Ihe f>-.:ji;!d nil' away wh-n fhe irel. itv J-irc. In thij Po-
Ihre ;hr hoi.'', t.'i-- H<j 'y oi Jur i.ictul;.! i liiUvinil iij>tiii
lier K'-cs, clirv.j.r.g Brt-l all the whiic i uii.l wlien Ihc
\\.^^ lontin'jcj in f.'ns Poliur,- afvHit .'salt an M..v:r, the Bra
inin (•'«•■, o>:t, aiil t!i': U oman liJs th;':n let Fire to the
' luf. 1 1-. iiiv;,'- lutely (toi.c by the Brainms, and tlv.-

Kimiii\l and Friii/'w.f the Woiiun, \ iio catt alio Icve-
ral P.f. .,1 Oil atuiOiiit.iu-! T int.. t..c Fire, d [tit ti..' Wu-
n.aii ilie ,)np; i,ut i,t h-r P.. ; Alter the Woiiuii i-.
txir..:, in; U.a.iiit.. ,. .: 11 th-.-Af..-; \ji tli: Brac.l.i-, P.,.-

iLints, and Rmc,'.,' wlu tlur ( ii.ld, .Silver, C"pi t
whii h H all tiie Booty to ihemi lve«.

Ill />V«e,i/ thry Inirn tiic Wo.iiri) alter arnthcr Fallii.,n
In thit Country a Wunun luulf Ix- very poor, tin '
not aeinmpany liie Body ot hrr dceealeii t (uli'iuiui „,''',J^J
(,.:<-XfU to wafli his Body, and to be walhcvl hulrli j..
Intc Die is burnt. I h.ivc Icen deul Carc.ulis broii' lit !»
the I'.tinun alxivo twri ty Day, Journey olf ircn, i;,^
Plaee. anil Imelt them to Ixwt ; tor ilu- .Sunt ot them lui

berii intolei.iblc i.oilom, I'he

ni hji

"'■*•" "'"^ that cr.u„. ,r„„
the northern Mountains, nr.ir the Irontir^s of the Km
doin ot lluiitn, with the Ikniy ot hir I lul'uiul urnui
in a Waj<gon. Six- travi lied twenty Days on 1 (Kit, anj
levir eat nor drn-ik tor film n or lixtccn \\\y. •ucrthi-r'
till Ihe lame to the Cun^fs, whrr-, alter llic lui| waihej
the Itiviy that ll.»nk aixMnmai iv, and had ati.rwarils
wallied herklt, Hie was burm with hitn wu'- mlniirabii
Coi.danry.

Bi-fore the Woman that n to lie burnt \\wi ilic Muli.k
fonliHing of Diuir.s I lutes, and HautlK>y^, »||oni t],'
Woman, inhcrlxil Arioutfeimii^, lollows, I'ji^inroi,
to the very fuucial I'lle, U[>,):i wjiiih Ihe j^rts, md nfacA
herf It as if fhe wti:* fitting up in hu Beii ; ami then they
lay aiioi* hir the B<xly of lur llullvind ; and, *!ieiitl.h,
is dor,;-, her K;iidred and liiem's, lome biiiin hrr a ixt-
ler. loir.? Pieces ot Calluut, and othtrs Piax-s ot bijva
and Copjvr, and ilclire her to deliver thetn to their Mo-
ther, or Brother, or lome otiier Kinfman, or Fnuiii.
WiK-n the Woman lees t!uy have all done, fhc alks cIk-
Siandeti by, thne Iiinrs, it liny havr noduii:', muic u;
S-rv.ic* to riimnund h. i ; it thty make no .'Xitwcr, lF,r
ties up all Ihe has j^ot in a Piece of I alii-tv. which Ih-
puts Utwetn lu r own B--"lly and the Boo y ut ln-r II'.:i.
ImiuI, bidtliiip them tit lire to the Pile, wliidiisprc
fni'.y done ly the Biamins and hrr Kindml. | [u\: 00
l.tvij, lieeauie there IS Siainty ot V\'(jod in Acf^.i/, tl>a
when ihui'e [Kxir Creatiires are hall ivded, th'-ycait tliu;
Ikxlie, into the Canga, where the Kcmains ate ilcviural
by the Croeodllrs. 1 mull ;.ot forget a xsiikcd (.i.'.lyni
praetileil by the Idolaters ut teHgn!.

When a Woman is bn uglit to BeJ, and the C'hilJ \m I
no: take t.) the 1 lat, tiiry lairy it out ol the Viiiu|;r, and
puttintT It iiito a J.ini.enH'loli4, whu h they fa'.lei. by th.-
tin:r Corners to the Il'U|,!.s of .i lice, th.ic leave it
fioin Mornini; till I'.veniii).' -, by tnis Mcaas the [/«or It.
tai.t IS cxiK.'!cd to Iw'tcrniente.l ly the Crows, iniomucM
that thrre arc time who have th; ir F.yes picked out ol
til ir liia.is-, svhich is the U.alor, tint, in AVNija/, you
|lu!l let m.iny 1,1 thole Idolaters tint havr but one Lye, and
liimr tiiat have loll liot.'i. Fi t!ie Fvi :iing tluy t-.teii i!r
Ciiil 1 away, to try whither he wi.l luck the next Nit;lit,
and, it he llill rrfuits the I'eaf, they then cairy liim ayai.i
to ihi- lame I'lacc the nr.xt Morninj;, whah tiiey do fu!
threi Davs togethei Alter whiiii, it tiic Inlant llill le-
f'_ics to lock, they believe him to br .i Devil, .nd t.'iijiv
l.im into the C.ingfs, ot ai y thr ne.-vt I'o.-ul or KiVer. In
tiie Fla.es wherr the ;\\<i breid, t!ii le jioor Inlj.-t-. are nol
lo eXjMilcd to the Ciuws ; lor where the Ap.-s liil.over a
.Nell of thrle Binis, ihe climbs the I'lce, and throws the
Nell onr NN'ay, and the l.(.',!;s anotlier Sotwc Jiarit.iliie
Proj'le .'m.-jof; the l-.tifiijo, Uultb, a>iil /'oriyg:<fif, ejni
pall.'ir.atin;^ the M'slon.iii ol tholr C/ijJdim, wnl t.i'>.
t!ie :i a-.say lro;)i the Free, a.id jjivi.- iiK-ni ^ood i.e.:
latioi).

All aloni; the Coall <d CirrcmanJel, when die W on-ii
an- to \k !<urnt with their 1 lulbands. they make a gn..:
IKi-.- Ill the (iround nii.r or ten Foot ileep, and twenty
five or thirty tocit kiuare, into whuh thry throw a (ii.J.
C^.antity ot Wood and Uii.its, to make the Fite iiurn

ii.oic fi-ri ly ;

n the i-

!, they Itithcikjjy

ui tiir Man iipor, til" Bni.k, a.-id i:hrii, picleiitly uiieomrs
the Woivan oancuij/, and chcwiii;; Ikctcl, auoniiwnied
by h;i Ftiemis an;) Kindred, with Drums beatiiiy, and
. Fiutrt (oundn;;^ -, then tiie Woman takes t.'iiee I'lit'i-
round the i loie, and every I ime Ih-. has gone the R-junJ,
file kilies lur l-i-.eiuls and Kindred ; alter i.'ie thiid linir
t.'ie Braiiuiis tall on the Cirmk- ot h-r . luilianJ, ti.e \\o
iiu'i Handing with hi 1 Bail; to the lire, is pull.' d in bv
till: i;;.i;M.i'. ■ .t.iu, a:.>l i.iiiilivs backwar.! ; tucii i^r Km

ilre.J

.U.l,

i'oou ;.

Lhaj). II.

jitj,n J. li. ['

M.
ml
u
III)

I'T
1.1
11

■»y

n
t
(

llfi:

•*;'lvrr, Cop,,r, ori,i

IVM.

I' «ttfr arothcr |.'.,il,i,,n

x- ''< ^y |'.,or, il,,, ,;„.;

«ln ratal HuHw,.,! („ (^f

•«' Iv w.ilhrj lurl-li Ih;,

«l'i'ltarc.iiiisbtai);,|,t,u

'^Ixurmy „(t „„,„ ,.,^

•or i;.c Sivr.t (,t th.n, 1^
'• *••« "nc tl..,i cr.a„. ,,„„
lie irontirr, ,.f t|,r Kinu.

'y "t lHrllui'un,:urrM
f*"iiv l)..y, oiii„„, j.,j

or l.xtccr, l)jy, .,g„hi-
"•r". alter ll,e |u,| w,„h,J
.11 iv. ami had adrrwarA

witii liim Wit', mlinirao.i

>l>e burnt Kwi the Mud. k,

and HaiitU.ys, whom tii'
mii;h, lollows, t'jiHinrvm

will. I, llu- Krts, jnd ijraas
''"'"'Uf'li ami then thrv

• lullwiid J imi, whn.tlu,
lies, l.jiiHbuii^ hrr a ixt-
ind otiurs hiati o| i,Iv,r

deliver thim to tlicir M,,
tiicr Kinlman, or hnuid
»avc all done, fhc alks tlir
luy liavr nodiin- moi: v.
ih<y make no At t«rr, ft-.r
'irtcot lalictv. whiclilh"
nd tlu- Body of her \\\.\.
t-> ilif I'lic, whii;i IS pre

lirr Kindred. | Juv.- oD
r «>t W'ooii in Acc^.//, thj!
halt iviiicii, ilKVcail tliu;
the Kiinains aic deVMural
)t (org(ri.i Wicked LLlluni

to IK', and \\.r ChilJ \mI
y It out ol till \ iiij|;c. ar.d
, whuh they (nlleu i,y th.-
'f .1 1 icf, tlurc leave it
y tin* Mcaas lix (o,ir In
d l.y tlif C'ro«s, niioinwM

til! ir I .yes pitkrd out ui
lion, tiiir, ni /Aw^a/, ymi

tti It luvc but oil'-- Lye, ami
t.'ir l-.vciing tlic) ktiiiihc

wi.l liak the next Nii;ht,

tlit-y then cairy Imn ayaiii
irnni|;, whuh they do t(j!
iicii, It tilt- Intant ilill a-
to br .1 I K-vil, .i!id thr jw
■ nt\t Pond or Kivcr. In
, t.'tilc poor lnlant\ are noi
ivhcre the t\yA diUover a

the I'lci-, and throws tlu-
jnoilitr Syni.- Ji.irililiii-
hh, ami I'oriyj^iifif, t jni

tllOir L/ilJdlill, Will tak

J giVt tiKiii j^ooJ Ld'.i

nanJd, when tiie \V.;mrn
'ji.ds. tiiey make a (^n..:

Fo )t litcp, and t*emv
Vkhi. h ihcy throw 4 iV-J
, to make the l-ire (lurn
viidi' !, tht-y h:[|icli.juy

j'len, |);c|v-nily ii;i cunirs
>in;; Ut-ctcl, aicom[)aMifd
villi l)iiini.> iK-atiii^, and
.man f.«kfs i.httc Vw.v
.* Hi. Iia> gone the Rjund,
:d i alter liie thud linir
1 h>-r ; Imliand, liit \Sn
thf I ne, is puliiid in bv
ai.kw.n.l i tiicii lur Km

dt.il and I''iii;ndii,ail Oil, a...l « iKa i-oit,!.iiilibl-l")r

mion till' I' in-,
the Hodirs ri:ay

■li.^S

to nriko it bum nviio v.Iii.nriu
, >c tin loonrr omiiim d. In nVilt I'hcc^
upon the Co. ill ol l.'n ,,iuwik!, the Women .irc r.'if burnt
with thiir dtcealid llulbands but tlicy arc Ij'-'i-.I alive
with ih<ni, in iloli', whuh tli' Ui.i'nir.s ir.akc a lofj^
dcciHTiliaii tlic talli'lt of tlicin, M.m or Woin.m.

IJliially tluy rluilo a lai-dy I'laco i lo that when the
Man and Woman aie Inuh let iLiwn ln;',ethcr, all tlie C oni-
iiany, with Halket, ot Sand, lill uji tlv I loie above h.ill a
Koot hij-^licr than the Surfaie ol the liiouiid , ntf r wiii( It
thiy jiinn) and dauee upon it till tluy Nlievctlic Woman
lobt- llilk'd. Wlun lome of the Idol. iters upon the Gull
of CorromanJcl, arc iipt)n tlu- I'oint ot Death, thiir
Iriends ilo not larry tluin to the Side ot a River, or
I ,akc, to elranfc- tiicir Son!', but tluy carry flicm to the f.it-
trll Cow th'7 CM find, and l.iyiii ', the 11. k Party iull be-
jiind the Cow, tluy litt up Irr Tad, ai'd provoke h(r to
nils-, if flic piin-s III that it l.ills upon the Face of tl.e
dillafed I'll Ion, all the Conipmy arc (Avrjoyed, l.iying,
that his Siiiii is happy ', but if the Cow do, s not pil's to
waHi the fick Party's Fate, they luirn him sviih a great
dial of .Sai'nffs. 1 1 .1 Cow Ik lick, tho f)wner niuil \>t
I .iiefiil to lead Irr to a Pond, or River, for, Ihoiild flic
cii- at hi'. Iloufe, the Hraniiiis would linr- him.

'Hie Raiah of l.ilou havir,}:; loll tl;i', City, and his
1, |c, throuj^h the i.ufs ot a B.ittI • ;'ainiii a[',aiiill him by
the Kin^ ol l'!ji~:four\ (i'lirral, he was exirniply la-
nirntrtl at Court i clrven ol his Wives allii were no lels
c aH\rncd for lii.s D^atli, ami refjlved to burn themklvis
wlic II he w.is burntil. ThfCjcneralot I ifiaptur\ Army iiii-
iltiilaiidiiH', their Rel(..!ution, thought attirlfro divert th'ni
".y pronuriny them all kind Ul'am- 1 but finding P.rluation
wiiuld not pri va.l, he ordered them to bf Ihut up in a
Rouni. I Ic who h.ul the Urdcr, going to put it in bx-
cditiuii, tlir Woinen, in a Rage, told him, that it was
tn I'.o I'urpol'e v> keep them Priluiurs ; for, it they iniKht
not havt Leave to ilo what they had relblvcd, in tiiree
I lours tlicre would not be one ot tliem alive. The Per-
lon cntnilfed, laugiud ac their 'I'hrtats : IV.it the Keeper
of thofe Women, opening the l)<x)r at the Lnd ot the
three Hoiifcs, foimd them all llretched out dead upon the
Place, without any M.irk 111 iIk- World to be feen that
ciiey had any Way halkned their own Deaths.

Two of the nioU 1 otent R.ijalis ot /;/..'/.; came io J^r.t
in the Yc.ir 16 j7, to do Honia^^e to Shab-Jehan, who
ihfii rc'.goed ■, who, not haviii:; .uiiuitted thenilclves as
irjv oiit;ht to have done in the Judgnvi.t ot the drand-
M.,iler ot th'- Kin;.,'. Iloulhold, he told one ol the Ua-
jilr. one Day, in ih.- ih.rnte ol tlu Kir.(;, that they had.
V.ot lione v.vll t') behave thenilclves in llu li a manner to-
w.iids fo great a. Monarch as was tlie King his Mailer.
1 !ie Rajah, lo.iking upon himfelf to Ik a great King, and
a ",reat i'riiuc, m ".iiid l.is lir.jther having broiigiit along
wiiii tiiein a T'rain cf I'dicen or lixfen thouland 1 lorfe, was
nciiled .It the Im,1,| Kipiool whi. !i the grand Mailer gave
hiin, anil cr.iwi.ig out his dag;,er, I'ew lum upon the I'Ue,
-n the PivLi-.re of tiic Ki.igi the Ciraiul Mailer Ldling ai
tiie Feet of his Brotlur, who Hood dole by liini, he w.is
goiPL; about to rtving liis Death, but v;as prevented I y
the Rajah's ijiorii r, wlio It.ibbed him, and laid him athwart
I.I. Hrothcr's H -dv. The Kii^g, who beheld tliele two
Mr.rde.".. cne on the Nei'.ot .-.nuther, railed into his Ila-
raai lor iear . but prd.ntiy the Omial.s and other i'topl.'.

A V E a N I E W,
I obllrvcd n flrang'. I'.ifl'.it,

«5'

I obllrvcd n flrang'. I'.i flat/ at A».';,'.-, b:i.';; tlv n v,! .'>
the (iovernor, a young tie nf'eiin.ii ubo* t twcrty-lotir
Years of Age, in his ov.'n \l,\\\\ *'■ ' ' ■ -

, and tut t!uni to Pi-.T

i;-.! at liicli M\ Attimiit committed in

V. hil" 1 WM Willi
in came a voting V.'oman, vcy Iiandi.mv, and iv..>f
above twcnty-two Yiftrj (.! ', who dcfircil Lew of v-v
(i(/veriiour to hv biiri.t Wi-li the • >dy ol her de-T-a!'. !
n illund, Tlu.' CfOVeinorr, ronip.iH'onati ;• lur Yciith
aiv.l Beauty, erdiavoured to divert her l'in:n l-.irr Relolu-
ti'<:i ■, but, finding he rr nl ! r.^t prevail, v\ I'.'i i tiirly Com; ■
t nance he af!<ed her v.h'fh'T ihe un.ltill )!id Xihwr. \\\-
Torment ol l'n;_' v.-.r., ami wiv ther Ihe l.id ever bMinP
he r lingers ? No, no. .iiilwer'd (lir nn r-.' ''u'.itly thin 1 1
tore, I do not fiar Ilxj and t.) let you bnow ai nuich,
f' ml for a lif.^hted Torch hithr: The C-lovrnor nbonii-
natiiig her Ai,l\ver, in a tir.-.it Paflion, bid h.er go to the
Dovil. S'jme youm; f ' 1 Is th;t were wirli th" (1 iven.t.r,
dcfircil hiin t'l try the Woman, ami entr -'.ud hirii to c.i"
lor a Torch, winch, w.ih mu'.h ado, lu- <' i •, andal jhtu!
T'lrrh was biought : .So in 'n as il,.' Woman law t .i"
lighred Toicli a conim;', f];f ran to nn. t it, and t..iii her
I land inthellami, not alferinn h. r Cou:iti.n.w.e..' in t!-..:
h'all, flill tearing her Arm alt/ig quite Ui' to tlie Flb^.,
till her I'l'. Ih lo(jkcd .r. i; ii li.id bei 11 broil, dj whirci![(;;i
th'.' (iovern'ir tommarnlij her out of hi;,.Sig!ir.

A IJrainin coming t.i Juiiti, ai'.d afleiiiL'':'g all I.:;

TriI.e together, told t:i>i.i, that tluy m.ill giv" him

two thouland Rtipiis, ar.d twM.^y feveii I'Jl'i ol Callicut,

t') which the Chiet .liLonji; tht in anlwered, tl.atthy v.eie

|K)or, ami could not pofnuiy r.iife liith a Sum ■, lioweve j

he perfilkd in In.-. Dei.-.iul, lolitivl/ ad.rming iiiilu

them, tl. ' he would ILy mere v;ii!i(,'it eatir-g or dri;;l;-

ir.!',, till t:. •; brought h.m ti.i.' .\: jney and t!.'-' Cloth.

With this Uelolution, i; embed a Tiee, and llttir;; in

the {'ork bctwei n tin- Ho'.,i',li.s, rein.iin-d tliiie witli' iit

eating or drinking I. jr l.vi; :! O.-.y^. The Noiie (>l diisL.x-

tuvagance coming to the l'..;i'. ol th" /J;/.'. M Joul osh.n;

we lay, we lit Sentinels to v.-.itcli v.hetiicrit v.'as true, that :i

M.in could fit lb long without N'ltl.ial.':, which he did lor

thirty Days together. The thirty-lirll Day of this lb < v

naordinaiy Fall, the Idolaters flaring to kill one of tl: '.i

Prieils fur Want of granting iilm his Demiivl, clulUd

together, und brought liini Ins twenty leven blls ol C.dli-

ciit, and two thiiulaiid Kiifu'J. So l.j..m as the I'ri'- ,n

I'.'.w tlu- Money and CI .th, he came d- vn from liu: < 'e,

.ind alter he had upbraided thole of his 'l' ■■'•»• hir W anc i.f

Chaiity, he dtllributed all the A';(/)(Y.iamoi'.g Poor, re-

fetving only five for li:< tor himlelf. The Ciot.; '. ■ CA into

little Pieces, and g.iv.- away, k, .-ping only to n.u.lTf r.s

much as would jull cover ins Nakcvlnels •, and having mad--

his Dillribution, he dil.iiiHared un aludd.en, ami no bo.iy

knows what became of iiim, thcu;^Ii diiig.T.t Seaivli w.u

made after him.

When a Obinefj licit i!ie Point of Death, all l.is K:.!-
drcd and Friends gather ;;h.r.:t him, and alk him '.'.lieth-T
he intends to go? They till him .dli), that if h.- wants
any thing, he need but all; and have, let it be Gold, Siivjr,
or a Woman. When tJ-.-'y .ire dead, they perform many
Ccremoriifs at tiieir I.'tine.-.ils, w'-ieh coiilill: cliielly in ar-
ti.icial l-ires, when in th.' a.-'wc/:.' are th.e moll expert in
;dl the World 4 fo th.it h" iv.ull b',: a very poor Man tli.it
luis no hire-works .u his l'i::;eral. Refidcs that, th.ey puc
Money in a little 15o\'. ;>id bury it by the Ddcal'-d, and
leave good Store of X'l'C'.uals upon the Grave, out ot an
Ojiiiiion th.it they rill' and e.it ; which the Soldiers ol B.:-

tcil upon the K.i

T:ic Kii.^i, i:.^ - •, , , 1, • 1

his li.nife, .md in h:-. Prele.nee, commanded, the Kajahs
liod;.-i to ix tl.iown into the Kivcr, wiii^h tluir Troops
tint ihry had h ft about .;^r<i un'.lerllanding, threatened to
inter tin City, an I piU.igc it •, fo that r.ithertlian h.iicirdthe
Ciiy, th' Ki.ig V, as a.ivifed to deliver them the Uodusot
ihc^r' Pnn-'-s ' When tluy were to be l..ir;-.cd, thuta'n
W.nirii belonging 10 the two ilai.di. HouI," cmie dancing
and Ic.ipuig. .inJ piel^ntly g'-t upon die knur.d 1 lie, hc.k.-
,„!- one a^^oth-. by the I binds, an.l being piclently alter
llill.l bv ihrS.iio.ik, fell togther into the I'.re-, pre
I'luly tl,: Hiamins threw p,r>at » i:ap, of Wood, Pols oi
Mil, a'ui other .oiuVnillible Mattel upon the 111, to uilpati.i
ih-viu the loon !.

lavLi obfervinj:

•d t') fill tiieir ndlics

every 'I'ime they mavciied chi ii; U'.mnds.

at tliele Cjraves

I'ut when the

Chiiuf: perceiveil it, tliey poifoned tlie Vi^flual.-, to Ijioil

■' ■' '■' Townlinen ol luitai-ui

the Cbmcfi of poifoning

the Dii'ul'iiims Fealli.ig. I'i

Liking the Soldiers Part, aecule .

feverll of the DiiUh ; but tiie a.v.y p'-^'-i-^'fl. 'i'-'f '.''"*=

.Soldiers had. over-eat th.-n.ielvts, or fiirUiteo tliemlelvcs

upon what was left for tlie Dead to eat, it was none ot

their Fault •, for that tliey did not leave this V lituals lor

their SoKliers: And b.ii.ies that, among .dl the Mu.n-

tildes tluu they h.id b..:::d, they never !ud heard t,i< leau

CompLiint before of .ms one tlui ever c.uiie to anv f arm

by e.iting ih'-ir Food. Thus the Buliiu is was Iiullied up,

;-,or did the ^'uldiers hire to pdf r any nvj.e.

■iT'.-fe

nl^V i

'-J-

'It'

*■ ' I

■'I I

ife-i -I

(!''!

iiil.

»-,!

()hj\t:\tti"ns^ v\c. !')• /)a. |.iin«.s (umuiij^luini, Bo(,|^ |

\ .

fiMt

1 luii' arr crrtain!y viiy (iir|>ti/ini; .vwl Citrrtiiiiimn
l'.itl.»j;is *i,nli kurry m tlmu tltiiii(^ M.irl\» nt ih^t I'.n.
ihuluttn, «!uiii 1% tltc ClutjiUriiliik i>t (!k- l-idirii (ir-
r\iu»k ar.il wlmh, liuwivir wilil ami tiitr4V4|;4nt it nuy
apt lar ti> i;» in tliw I'lrc «>» thWoiM, ha^ irut, mvrr-
ihilti's Ininrihii ji, l() linkup, tu liiktias Iwholti it, ivm ilm'
/..•/nc^i-.mj.tlut thiy Till int.- it liy IVf^rcrs 4iu1 jh mnirnt
t > jJdi t tl)(' liiinv iir otilic iHJianj, iintiir jnutlur Nuinr,
4:1. t tui nuiiy }irit.iulcii RtaUni*. A* a iVmil nt cl»:i, wi-
ncril only ft nark, ilut tlu* Mobjmmf,i.ii 1 omIh oI tin-
Mi'(;ul\ Court, not only jlicw, lui rimmtaur t.icir Wu
nun to k!ic witli tin ni, 4* 4 M irk nl AiriMimi. It 1% itiic,
ttui tfuy ilfii't .!() ihn I'ul'liikly, 4"il in ilu- Sn;!it ol ttic
Sun, 4> tlu I'l.iiwi.' ltd J l'\it wliiii .1 \l»i>in.m(.!.iH I ^mi »iir<,
hi» NVtimrn, tlu N:^!it .itt< r t!\ry li.ivc jii^l tin ir Duty 4t
Ihi l-'uiuut i>J ihc IVn-iial, aitWi'l'lc toi;ctliir m lon»c
I riV4tc ]'4il of' liii I'4l4ir 4t 4 DilljntT Iron) t!ic tilt ot
Ihc BuiKlin^', 4nil nut dI tlic I r-4rin|;, as nun Ii 4t nuy \yc,
ol the .SttV4Mtn I 4ikI there liny l<t lire tu tin- Kdoiii,
luvm^ lull 1. 1 urc si ihf IXjur, un.t l>) ] 1 1 1.I1 m tlir I l.iiii< ^.
In 4II IViilal-ilitv, tint (. tittont li.is U 11 n.tru 'ikhI
anuin^ll tie M iammr.i.Ki lunn 4 l'i'iui,'lj i»l N'aniiy,
llu<»ini; trom 4 1) lire to flu w ttut tliey arc n(-t Ids Ik-
kivtd by llicir /»ri/(.r« NVivv, th.m the lM,li,tni tlirii>rilvc<,
t)f which, ini'ml. it w nut caly loi thcni tu olv,.un >
llrungrr I'ruol t! an thl^.

It IS l,k.-*ilr MKlilpuf.iMy ,l..ir, frnni chit Amhot'i
P.ImwiiI., tlut tlv lii^h .Spirit 4ml wivimij,!,. Couub.- „|
tlu lnJiuni, U.lh Men 4111! Womrn, 11 Ur inwrnh Ir.Mn
Ihhh; miinnuidiril ^ hut then wi ou^ht to nwk. 4 fu-f,,
Jii.!nin«nt «i» llir Mutivc- Iroin wlirim- Uiis jt-xTrili. Y,
the Men it rtill rili ^ l':iin\ IVinu|>le 4ml Ir.ini rhc I>idjic»
«)l Rr4lon, whether well i>r ill rmploynl, J ihjlj n„, p„.
tiniltolay But. in flir Wonirn, it >^, \u I .mc n.rXr*
the ItUvt III I Lint, 4ml, in fimc nuMfufc, the Confr!
ijurmrol \\\\wr. I'hry Itr Ireiiurnt 1 jtamplnot W,^
nun who «iul their Livt* in this \l4niicr, ami jrr hitMy
4j)pi4iik!<ii lor it. 'rhis ilraws i!\rm on to mnit tl,,- (,n,e
I'r4ir.s l.y lh.*ii'j» the l4nK lntrr|ii>lity. On the (,ih;f
lull.', ihey lie Nuinlx-rs ol then Sex, who iK.linctln
lirf.ullul I rial, iciluieii to Want ami Intaniy, an,l thry
lee no K1.41I o|>en for them to eliai* Unh i which, 4t it
wtie, itrivi^ them to thit dtijier.ite Kdolutionol ilclhtiy.
inf, ihenililvisi rnuc iliey liem tlurfhy, ol two errat
!• viU to thule ihe Irall, wliiili h a KJcminn IVath, rathit
than 4 I. ill- ol Miliry ami Contempt. We miy fp)m
li'iue laiily loniUule, that if the tnie ami gtnuiiir Dix-
tunc ol tlie Chrilliaii Faith Wirr inlhlleil into the MmJ^
(.1 ihrli People, till y niij;ht l'cl)iouj;ht to nuke a< vrrM 4
hi(;uie in the Win!,! as ever their Anrrnors diJ i ami how
great th.it was, we h4ve in the preiolinp, Sn'liom, Itutn
the Momoiialj lilt u»in IcVL-rall jnjjiu^es.very lully nn,'»ii.

:il

m :

:!*

i ')

SECTION XXXI.

Ol'/crvations atul Ri-maris nsulc dunn? Iiit Rcftdcnce on the Jjland o/Churm, on the Cjafl
©/"China, /^^ ZJiJif/cr Jaims Cuiminghani, Phyfidan to the linglilh Fatlory at that
Place.

I'rom his own Accounts.

I. /•/« intrrJu.hry; J,i:unt '/ fir ^u/lvr, iifiJ rj thr C)[>pcrtunitttS hf l.\ii{ to ccmc to a truf Kftrwhilgt "I t^e
iaili if miK.'ic;!. 2. yi'i .tucunt of tbt i 'y<igt to, unJ ,1 ./////Wi7 Di'/iriMivr cf thf IJland tf K1\\w\m.
^. Of the itJuicnt jkJ mcturn StJtt' 0/ lie Ci,ioitr\\ ,t>iJ tic io/ni'i^^ of tit- v.iv;\\(\\ t:i rtjidt tbfr,-. ^. Qj
tifir M.innfr cf cultivatitig "TfH in titit I/LiiJ, iinJ cj Jhtrjl Mi/Liis w.w./r iy !\ Ic Coiuptc, iinJ
V. Martini. ^. Of thf thindc yl^rnkJtur,-, iiiui thv Al.i/inir in uliiltL- I/titif'itt:>iti nuikf Salt in Clm-
f.iii. h. Of thf finicui Wfiiii imii Rcct llii-i:]\u-ii, ithiih f'rifn^i J.iff , atul tfturJi dJ ^l^e. ".Dr.
funningliain'i Rfrnif.al ti I'lilo Coiuiorc, -.v.th tif Rifr, l^tc'rffi, unJ Rum tf that I uchry. H, Oi.d-
fien ef f//,if'!ijhin:^ a rif,i- luitlfjry ,u I'uhilimi, r,f' vhuh I)r. C'uiminghain htcjmt Chirf, 9. Jlf
Ciiuffi tf the t'^.tii O'.frtirvM, cf tkit I\'dcrx, anJ tbf I'jiglilli hiuh to U«>rnco.

N ih Acioiints we have hith'rto given of the Pil-
iuver),(jt the I'jtt.anJ priiii.t Situaiiun il t!,c/»ri.YJ,
NSC have ni4.lc I'lt chirliy ol fore.p;n \S riters, not
t'-.it ve prttrrt'.im tnourowti Countrymei\, w?.oluvetra
veiled into th -le I'atts ; 1 ut Irrauli-, in a CllrClion nlih.is
Nature, it (eem-d reafiiijiije to ipcliiiir th'- W'l rks ot
fv,vh Ai.tlu,[s as were iijll known to ttic Hulk ot our
K'-4d< n. But, to avuiil ail Sut'pition ol Partiality, and
that, at the Ijipc time, we may flitw t!ut wc liavc not
U-rn at ail n j'!i|»-nt in crmful'ing eitlier the oKI Tiivcl-
lers or t!.- r-w, ot futh of t!ic tiiiiijfj Nation ,is have vi-
litn! thHe ilit>a- 1 C'l;matts, we Will add .il>w Iiiliimis o!
the.r Careai'.d l).l!c;cr(r, m oblr rvinf* and rrron;!".;', vkhat
apjx-arr>' to t!,em moU wi.fihy of N'oliee in the C'oii.-.trics
into whiih lii'-y wir'.- !r>!, either to latiily tli.ir Ciiriofiry,
or in I'urAiit ot Biirir.efs.

\Vc ss;!! Ixgin with the R'-marks nuilc ly DoAor
'/.iitifi Cunn.rrhjm, I ellow of ihc Ho..u' Sccidi, and Phy-
fician to tiie i.it)(!ift} l-'dv'ory I'ttl.d at Cluj'ini 1:1 CitM
He was a Man I'llliryuiJl-.ed Ixjth by his natu(.l!Part^, an.!
liv the Ari(,;ii|.Iillimerm he had a; quired, Ixiii^ eoually
weii verfrd in anuerr and ni.nicrii I/a.'iiir.g-, and, it the
fame time, a Perfon, w!:'i, iVutn Ins own b:!!;;rnie, had
oljtain-d all tiie l.i;;hts that are alVordr.l hy I-.XjTriente.
01 thefe great t^i.iiitiC he lus left us luiriiit tt Teliimo-
|-.y in two Irtt-rs of lii» writi:-[» iliinrp Ins I'.mplr^yment
in the S(,-v;cr li ti;- hall- IiiJm i on-juny •, .in I '.vhirh are
fo muvh the niwic vaiuaUe, a-i tiiry plainly n)a:.ilill an In-

tion rot to lony what othrr<i had writfep,or reportfj,
: to ftt down his own Ohlirvations, and there'iy (!e-

te/itii

(lilt to Itt clown his own Utiervations, ami tfiereiiy
fiTiSc Thing? i% thf-y ajij'eareil to him ; nay, and not
oidy fo, hut to examine ai'.d lorred the Millakes ol Dihrrs,
whu h he was the m<ire capahlr of lioinj;, for two Rra-
fbr.s i liflt, Ixraut'c he conlined himlelt enlirily to wh.it
fell under his immediate Inljiei^hon : .And, n.xt, heiaMe
he ssrites on fiich Suhjecls only as l>eionpttl to his I'lottl-
lion, in which he mull, of NeiclTity, Ix- a liettir Jihif;e
than another Man, however learned or intelligent, who
had not made tho'e Things hr. Stu ly. In thiS rtlivc:,
indceii, 1 niiiO affirm, that t!ie Writers of our own
C'oimiry are very much to be preferred to thofe ot otlier
Nations, iKcaufe, if their Relations Ix- iris extenfive, and
jviinbly all'o lets entertaining; yet they are written with
greater Care and Circu.mfiKclion, as well ai a more tli.in
ordinary Re^'ard to Truth. This I fay in gfnrral only,
and. not with any \'iew to miure or raite the Credit of I'ar-
tirular I'erluns. But, to romc to the f oint ; the lirft ot
thetc Letters was written in the Month ol ^tpumitr,
1701, to a Mrmlyr of the A'cvd.' Soaciy, and follows m tlu'
Author's own Woriis.

2. My lafl to you wo-s from tlie Ifland of iS;w«, in
whieh I gave you an Ai tount ol our Anval there the
17th ol Juh, where we Ihyed but two Day-, the Sealon
of the Year Kin;' to tar pall; .md trom thence made the
IvO ot our Way tlirou;^h the Straits ot Hand<i, with ta-
vuurabic Wiiid» in>.\ Wcathci, till wc came on the Coa'l

Ch.ip. II. ilnrhig his Rcjuhme on ik- IJhwJ oj Clmiaii.

ol LUnA ihf ivh of /frfi//^, th-n ws h.ui vjri.iblc
WinJi wliiih c.itictl ii» 4 I'icjil 1)1 £»(.y, il-.e i.^ih („|.
lowinR, tttwliiili I iiiif ilir Noith-cit Winil Irttmg m
Irrlh, i»it lit III nre.it Irin ol LilinHour I'.ill'jue v wlirtc
iHjdii wc were toncil to turn it up ,ip;«iiiil Wrwl arnl
Currrnt all ili<" \^iiy, tin; Wculm i,, i,iv(.uiii.|', us tint
«,c were nrvrrlnit l.y uiir I'op-I.iil , .11.- vs.; (ImuM ||,ive
loH inuri- Ciiouiul in our Diy (li.iii we i ml I li.ivi cained
in tiHht. 'I'll'' Lift ot A.i^'ull ^K (iiiii- III ,in Anrhor
uiuler the {'.r^cmiilf Ijiiiuli, Ixxji to (hclrcr ui IrDin tin-
b,ul Weiihrr ' whit li n j-cncr.iily tx(i<-i;te(l on tlni Co.ill
jf Ntw ami I'ull Mi'Oii, .mil In. hern I.imI to ,, j^re.it
nun) Snip- .mii alio (ii look (or I rclh wutir, Uiiih
w.is now |;m)Wii Ic.Uff v.jtli m, ,w\ having ncruifal
fiiKC wc tame Ir.jm ihi- Oi/'c <f (i 'I /Up::, 'l ticl' .,re
ilitte 'luall llLiml', lynin iiithcl.it. iil j^i" aUmt fix
Icmuei Irom tin- Rivtr ol lIcKr'i. m two wlurtot we
l.iiiiid very (;<)<K.I Irtlli water, with .i lonvtnicnt water-
\\\<^ I'late mt ih'* S. W. SiJe ot th" iniimnolf of the
three •, i«mi l>y iIk- Anill.inc- of a lnv (:iin,i,- I'lllumieii,
wc protiirul Ionic tiilli rrovilii n% Imm rhi.' Miin-I ai.il,
Ki.uile wc ilid nrit ihiiik it l.ilc in .iJvtiiiurr uiirli Ivn
thither, Iclt we IlimiM have hei ii broinjht into Trouble by
iIr- (ii)vcrniiifiii ih' tt.

While we lay lure, on the .-,tli ol S.ffimi/i, we h.itl
.1 luihlen lliort Mult ot the Monloon fo the S. W. tl;e
I ury whiifof otlierstelt loiniiijj upon the C, id of (,'//;.</,
,it (he lame time. The iS'th of iV/'/, ;/..<cr wc put to Sf\
a^',aln,turllll1K'*' wiiiiw.inl Nijihtaiiil D.iy without all the
lll.uul', whithare vciy numerous al m;.', tliii Coail, to
whuh we were alt'>i;t:ther Stran^er■i I'eyoiid £wcy i aiij
the IlKtront.iphy ilurtot, u hithcriu In impcrteil't, that
there wa» no iiulinij' to our Drifts, whiili maile o.ir
Navination lomewhat more d.mneri.u' : However, on
th ill ol (Ji'hi'rr we ^ot into jo", where we tame to an
Anchor near the l.uul, until we luuiul the Way by
licit to O'l'/.in, about twelve l.eat;Uis within the lllands,
(roni wlifiue we hid a I'llot, wlio carried us lafc thi-
ther on the l.lcventh. Upon tliii III uid the Cbin.Jl- have
['.ranted us a Uetilemcnt and Liberty of Trailc, but not
to A'/«f-/*«, which r. fix or eij;ht Hours .Sail ro the well-
ward, all tiie Way .inuinn lllands \ this bciii^; the lar^^elt,
IS ei^^lu or nine l,ei^',U'S trom L.ill (o Well, and lujr or
live i.eijiues m Buadth.

Ai.out three 1 .e,if,tn.s liom that Point ol the Main-
laid, tailed (.'ri/>i-/..M"'/i< by the /V"r///;'K, 2', but KLi-lii
by the Chntje, at the Well -end ot this llland, i>, the
Harbour, very lile and convcmenr, wlierc the Ships rule
vsiihin tall ot tlr la.ttiry, wliicii is built tiote by the
Shoie, tin a low plain V'alicy, v.iih n.ar two huiulred
lloules about i', lor the Iknelit ol ILiile, inhabited by
Mei. whole Jealouly has iidi, as ytt, (lermitted them to
kt iheir \\ ivcs dwell lure i lor the Town where they
ate IS three Quaitcis ol a Mile farther tiom the '^l.nre,
tnvironeil wiih a line Stiitie-wall, about three Mii> in
tiK-umfaeiice, diUmled liy twenty -two li]viarc Balli-
ons plaetvl M irie!!,ular IMlintes, belidts Imir ijrcat
(ialt^, on wIikIi mc pi.niii;(.l a lew old iron (iuns, Icl-
li, in or never >ih;>i : I he ! loulc^ within are very nie.inly
built, lleie ibr t luimpiin, orCjovirnor (>t the Illatul
lives, and Utwixi ihur and tour thoulai'.d bey.^arly bi-
h lint nut, moll pirt Soldiers antl lilhermcm for the
Ir.ide of this 1'l.uc Ixiny ncw'y (ii.uued, has not, as
yet, brt>u;',hl anv i.inliderable NUti-liants hither. 'I'he
Ifliiid 111 "peiieial a'nuiuls with ail torts of I'rovifions,
luili as <.o\s>, Buliil'K', liuits, Deer, 1 lo^i, wililaiid
t.iiiie (ierle, Di.eks .mkI Mens Kiee, Whe.it, t'ala-
vantes, Colc■wort^, lurnip^, l'u:iit)es. Carrots, IJeet-
in.il, and Spir..i^c -, bur, lor Merchandi/e, there is none,
tx>tpt wlial eoiiio \u)m i\i,^o-pc, ^Uiiix (hm, MtiKK-.n,
ainl the inland lowii-f lome ot ssliich I hopj to lee
when I have attiuited a hale ot the Cw/ievir l.an-

1 bie .illo 111- I ea giuws in !;icat Plenty, oi: the lops
(.1 the 1 lilis, bi.i u IS not ill Huh I'.lleem .is that which
^inw-. on more mm'iitaiiiyui llliiuis. Altliough this
lll.iiiil is puity well llortd with I'lop'e, yei itisiarlrom
v\l,.ii It was ill ,' Mi'tuiiiii'i I'lr.ic, wlicre he tietcrilies
Ci.:iy,.i: And iLi> I'.j me in inir.J, that the luperlU-

N 1 M i^

tious |»iI^rinUKrs there inrntioned bv Inm, null b.-
meant of the Klmd Pou i„, which lii n.ne IxMi'ii'''
Irom hence: Ami three Miles to th- !■ .Ilward of ihit
llland, whither, ihry jay. H,.; I'rnpcror defi^ns, m the
Month of M^iy nexr (Ixinj; his h-u-d.iy, and the for

tnth Vearol his Ane, toco to worllnp in an ancient

l'.i|;od there, lamoiis lor Sam tiry, having lent one of
Ills Hoii/es already thither to jrer all Thmns in Or ler.
J he iecontl Letter, lonvwhat mtne copious, a.'ul no
KN curious than the lirll, «iur Author wrote to the liinc
Herl'on from Ci/nj.m, ilafcil ,\rrm!>'r .'.>., 17*1, accord
inn to 111. I'romile, ai.d m jiipply the Defccti ol i!m
liill. "

3. I formerly told you that rlic I'mperor tfeligncil to
have come to the llliiul tit I'c .0 » I'Uce ol ^reat De-
votion) t) worlhip in the M .1 tn ot .\/;y lall, b^-ini; the
f.iitieth Vear tif hi, Aj;e, I (hould ii..ve laid ot' his
Keinii, But all I liiinjs beiiii? prepared there for hi. Ke-
cepnon, he wa, Oilliia.kd from his Piirpoie by tome ot
lii» Mandarine', who m.ide liim l>;lievc that u\e Thun.
tier there w.is very dangerom. 'Inis l',ju-:o is ,i Imall
inanil, about live l,',i^;ues roun.l. ,\: tlie batl-Knd ol
this llland, linnnnlor the lupeilliUMb I'l^rima^ei nude
thithci lor the Space ot eleven luindivd I'cars, it ii in-
habiuil only by Bnna.s, to the Niii'iber ot three thou-
l.iiul, all ol the Sci-t called //t//w;,'i;, or unmarried Hon-
/.'•', who live a ry:l.\iprcan J.ile ■, and there they hava
built four hiinilr'd I'a^'.ods, two wlurcof are eonliJer.ible
lor ti.eir (irtatinl's and I'incry, bjin|', lately civered with
f;rceii and yellow I'ilei, hroiinht Irom the Lmperor's
l'.il.ice at Nniikin, and inw.irdly adorned with llately
lilals, luiily carved .nut piKletl, a;id the chief whereof is
the Idol .'i^Mffw.'w. 'Jo tlule f.vo ^re.it I'.i^'ids beiunj;
tsvocliid I'liclts, who gov'.rn .lil the rll. I'hey have
l> veral Ways and Avenaes cut through the llland, fonx
whereof are pavetl with Fl.i;' Ibuvs, and over-flvKletl
with Trees planted on cicli Si.le.

liieir Dwellin[^ are the b:ll I iiave I'een in thcle
l'.iits,all v.hich .ire maintained by charitable Dcvocioiis;
.iiul their Junks, which f;o Irom .\';>ij-/'ij and tiiis PLuc
to /"/"(''I, touch here bo.h Boin[^ and coming, to makn
iiieir DiVerings for their gooil Siicc'-fs. I'h-.'i ; i.aii'itlicr
lllaml calleil Kuii-fuinj, live l.ea^;ues hence, in the Way
to A'/'/.;;-/"/, whither, they lay, a i;reat m.iny Mamla-
rins retire to lue a ijuiet IiIj, .ilter they have ^',iv.'il
ovir their l'.in|jloynifnts. On tint lllind alio are laid to
be Silvtr-iiiints, bur [irohibiteil 10 br opened.

Ihc rell ol the ciicumjacent lllands are either <lt.ftrr<
or meanly inhabited by a few People, but all of them
Itoretl with abundance ol Deer ■, lor it is not long fincc
tins llland ot Cliij.iii begin to be peopled, 'lis true, in
Auiriini'i Days, about titty Years ago, it was very pii-
[ailous lor the Sp.ice i>i tlir^c or tour Years 1 at which
1 ime the bury ol the ■f'iirti:rum Lonf|Ucll was fo grear,
that they lett it ticlolate, not fparing fo much as the
Mulberry-trees (lor then they m.ide a great deal of Uaw-
,silk here.) And in tlii. Condition it continued till
■dx.ut eighteen Years ago 1 that the Walls of the Port,
ur I'own, which now is, wir^ built by the Governor of
I'iiij^-t.ii lor a (larnlon to expel fume Pirates, who had
t.iken Shelter there.

About fourteen Years ago, the 1(1 md beginning to be
peopled, there was a C'humpceii, or Governor, lent to
t^overn it lor three Ye.irs, to whom lucc-eded th.e late
Lhumpeen fwho pr.u.ureil the opening ot this Port to
S:rangers v.'holc tiovrrnment toiilinued till .ipii! lalt,
being iranllatid to be Lhunipeen ot ■Imi-i.l'i'h^-i'.-i-:, near
to I'ehii, and was liiceed, i by tlie prefent C hu;ii;x-eri,
who is Son to the old Lhumpcea of Zi'.-.c;.'. Ti;wy iiavi:
no Arts, or Mmulaflures h.-iebiit lackered Waie, a par-
ticular Acctiunt wheieot I cai.nor, as yet, knJ yju.
'I'hey bei.,in to pl.iiit Mulbeiry-tree> to breed up Wcriiis
tor the p'rodiietion of Kau-Silk , and they make loiiie
'Pea, but chietly lor theii ownL;e,

4. '1 he three Sons ol Pea coi.ur.oi.ly carried to i.V^-
/,(>,',/, are ail tioni liu lime Piai.r, or.ly the Seafcn ot itie
Year and the Soil inak:: the Diiieitnce. The Bcliea ',cr
I. Hi, h) ciUcii ot tome Nk.uniains in the Province ot
•;,.(.y' wl'.ere i; i- ."i< i^v madr, is '.hs very Bu'J -.ahered
10 11 '^

:'Uf. '■

;•!

■*i '•

Or/crz'iitiofis^ c^c. of Dr. James Cuniiinuham, Book I

I': '•--

X ■

Kit

in the n.'gi'Miinc; ot M>rd\ anil dried in the Shtilc. The
H;^: \\\ i» tlv Tcfo'id litii'.wh ill .ipr:!^ a:i.i .S"j«;,/o ihe
l.«nHi A/'v an>l ,7«".'. Niih liiicJ .» httlc in 'l.i hrs or Vxi\%
ever the I'lrc. i'hr Tea MiniS Uinp in l'v> r-jtrem, is in
Klov^cr tiosn OJii'f t.) 7''"-''7. •i'"'d '''i' ''^"''' '*' 'M"" '"
Scttmhtr an.i V:tch:r following:, '.) that one may pithcr
Ixith Flowtr .ukI Sm! at thi- lame time ■. hut lor onr trclh
ai-.d tiill ■*'. f'i, thrn- arc one luiiulrcd noiii'Jit. Thele
makr i;p tlx- two li.rts ot Fruit in LeCsmpit's Dc-lrnition
of I ra; a<i fir h'l othtr loir, winch he calls .s'/v«r/i- rcil'c,
fhty were nothma l".it thf yoiini:; Biii'.s ot tin- l-lo»*','rs not
yet open. Its Socil \ (litis arc ically truaiilulai, tai h Cap-
llila inntaininp onr Ni.t or Sen! v ami althuunh two or one
Ca; fiKi onlv r..mr^ f) I'erU-ftiiMi, yit the Vcilif^C'i ot t)\r
relt may U- liili-.Tn-.d. It j;n ws m a dry pravilly Soil on
the Su'.i< ot 1 lills, m ri\ era! I'laccs ot this llland, without
anv Cu!i;vation.

7^ C mptt IS milhken in faying thit tlic CUny arc
wholly St;.inv;"rs to tin: Art of ^ira!tln^, tor I have Inn a
«'rrat nrinv ot his paradoxical rallow Trrrs ingrafted here,
KfuUs Ic iv other 1 rees. When they ingratt, th -y do not
Hit the St.ik, as we di>. but (Ut a fmall Slice oft' tin Out
fide of the St(K-k, to which thry apply th: Ciratt lKint?rut
floping on one Side a^reiablr to the Slitc cut from the
Stick; luinpn.!^ the Bark ot th< Slice up on the O-.itf'.lc
<-( the lirafr, they tie all togcth;r, coverin;- with Straw and
Mod .'.s wc do. The Commrnt.uor, on ,\/.;f<i/7r», l< - ms
douNfu! in the 1 >cngth of the Ccinfje ( "i.c or Culits. I lere
ihcv have two Ions, one ot thirf.rn liidirs, and f> vrn-
tenths ot .\n /•>/.'.7t Inch, wIikIi the M-rrhants commonly
ulc ; the <>th(r i- ot the eleven Inches uied by t arp ntrr^,
and all'.' n (j.-o[;raphual Nhaiures. 1 hou^h 1\ MJi.im is
c-r lured by /'. A/jr./.'^rw for lixllinn a [iwat many LLnntjt
Wor^'- with 'I;-, wi-.:cht:.c t'srtuVHizt xu\ others have done
w'h ;>.", Vt Iks Way n more aj^ree.ilile to hniiub I'ronun-
ciaf.o:', '.nlv m lomi Wurd.s, ti.e if ii.ay be fit out, as in
FiK'K, .V;'.<'"'i ^> •

i laviiti: mavle Fjquiry aUiut \f>:riint'i Ai . wint of
Si win" their l-ields at l',ui-il<(u with Oytlrr S.ielK, to
m.ike new ones i;row, 1 was toil, that alter they have
taken out the CH-lter, thry Ij rinkle the Slurll with I'rine,
t'-.'ii j>utt:nf; them i '.to the Water again, there ^ro»s new
{)vi\Lfs on t'u- forclaid Slicl's. Mur/tm fa', s, he could
):cv«r find a I^: n Name tor the Ik a .\t.^:rtii ol the Per-
m^ufz:; I am lure its the lairir witli liir .yrc»i^.j .imittj
Jlfff pltti") Ali'C in Parkiniont. He lays alio, that tiie Kieu-
sfu, or 1 a';l)W-tree, bears a white Fjuwrr like a Cherry-
tree -, l';t all that I have teen here, lxar\ a Sf ike of fm.i;!
yllow Mowers ikr tht! Julus ot a Saiix. 1 he Bean, or
Mind^rm Brotii, lo Irttji.er.tly nuitioncii in the L>uuh
l-.mlairy, a'.d ot er Aut'.cr-., is only an Lniuific^n nude
of th'" S'.td of S.Ujinuin and hot Water.

1 L rcliiet hnploynients lien are l-uhinf(ar.d Aj^ticul-
ture. la Filhi!.{.» they ulV Icvrral lurt-. ot Nets ivti.\ Lines,
a* We t'u i luJt txcaule th^y \u\r lart;c Rnks c\ .Mud m
lotT:'- I'l.i'fs, the Fiihermer., t) j^o mere calily it:erfon,
have ii/(^trivrd a Ima'l Fiain, aKrt;t thra- or l^ur ictt
lung, not irikli lari;rr than a Hent:iiut'!i, elevate.; a lit-
tle at each Knd, in which he rciU upof> one Kiicc, lean-
ing his ar;:-.» on a (lofs Stick, railcii lo high a-> hi^ Breafi,
ai il pu'ii: ., oijt (.he other |-o<.t C)!itr. ujon the Mi,.l, he
pufhi's forward his iramc thereon, ar.d lu cairic iiiiiii.ii
all r? in It.

A', to their .Agriculture, ill tiieir Ficliis 'where any
thi; g l^ 5 lanted.; whet.hrr h ^h or low, aic nude u.to
lutli I'l'ts as n.ay retain itic Water over them when tiicy
plrafe, Ihiy plow up their tirounii with one Buliaioe,
or t'-w. Where thry arc lo low Hiir, th^ y picjiire ihi*
Fi'l'S very wel', by ilcann^ it ot ail maiiiir i»t W <ttds,
riTilifi.irg to a l*u!p, anil Imcxjlhini^ it wiih .i Framr
draw.", 3cr;'l», in ss.hifli ih» y Idw the Hue, viry ihuk,
and cr<vtr it <;nlv kMth Water, lor two or three Inchi.%
h-.-!

"<(%'

end vshm it has grown fix or eii>ht Iiiclvs lonjt;,

. y ;■.... i! '.:,/ 1; ill' R.i.its and tranljlant it liy 1'uft.s

a \\<&t l.uie. In Fields <.vvf-ft(iWii With Wali r i ai.l

,<■ .1 I'i'-ld h lulii'it ii) Wiciis, when the Water grows

. ( 1' V jr V'.t r!ie (ii,*f!., ly ovil (uri mp. ihe Mm!

I lii'ir Main'', in tlw l..(r:diiis, w.'icic tlie Ki.c it

i • ■■ W I.: 1 il.'v ! .H W il r. Uiihy, I'ulle ail 1 other

(irains, ihcy ^^ up fomc fuperfuial Karth, Graft and
K.Mits, and with lonie Straw, they burn all t<.n'theri th
Farth btirr: Idled tine, they mix with the Seed, which
thry low m i lolc':. made with a Itrait |.,ne, and lo crows
up in I utts, as the Kice doc5, the J'lrld beinfr ciivu'H ,„
to Beds, and harrowed over Ixith before and alter the Seed
n town; this makis them fomcwhat relcmble (ian^-ns
Altho' they meliorate their Fields, wh. le thiy t w R,ct
only, by Irtiin!; the Water on them, yet tor otlii- (irju-.s
where Cirounds require it, they make ule of \\y,y, \!^.
mane J-'.xcrcments, ADvs, isc. In waterirfr theirl'ieie's
here, tlu y ule thi lame Inlhument mentioned hv Vu^rtim
in the I'refaie to his Atl.u, tiring all Wood, and the Um'
trivanccs the lame svith that of a (.'hain pumii.

I'htir Method ol making Salt is this-, all the Shores
here licinj; Mud iiilh-ad of .Sand, in the Summer Salon
they pareoir the fuixrticial F.arth, which has Iwnov.r'
down with the Salt-water, .md lay it up in lidjps tor iite
When they arc to ule ir, they dry it m th.- Sim, nilibin,<
It tm.all, tlK-n di(;gin{5 a I'ir, they cover the Hottntu ot Ii
with Straw, at which, through the Si.le of the I'n, tiny
pals a hollow Cane that leads into a Jai, th.ii ll.uuN Ix'
hiw the 1 .evel ol the I'lt's Bottom. They till iIk Pit al-
mod lull ot the fc.daid F"arth, and ]K;iir Salt-water cm
until It Ik covered two or tliree Inches with Water, wh;, lI
drains t)uuu(;h into the torefaid Jar, an-l is afterwards Ixjii'd
into a .Salt.

6. If I haci iwt found Notice taken in a printed Neus-
I'ap-r lat\ Year, ot a Inn^^iilai KiKit broup.ht trom Lkm
by Father lt,m,>iir\, I Ihoulil tut have tukl you, that I
have teen tliw Kfx>t lince I came lure, and which is call-
ed by the Lkimit Uu-tbu-n, to which they atcnlx- won-
derlul \ irtucs, t»K h as prolonp.int; l.ile, and tiirmrR grjv
Hair biack by the Ulc of its lea, or m Infulion nijiie i,f
It, which iKcatlons it.i being fold at a very hir;h I'riee, mlo-
mu;h that they lay, that it is t > W Iwd trt^m loi I ae| to
one tiioiilaud or two thuulaiid a ftnpje Kix i ; lor the larfcr
It ii., the more is its Value and F.iiicacy, which is tooiniiih
Money here to try the F.xjienincnt. Voii h.rve it men-
tioned in Grjn'i Mtduma Sinun, Number l,.\XXl\'.
under the Name of Hi x;u u, accorciing to the Fcr.'u^u^ze
Ijiellinp. It w hkewile painted m the 2-th '1 able <,l liiole
I'Lints Mr. Pettivtr had ot mc. If you will hav- tlic Stcry
< ( us niicovcry, which I will not warrant tor Cjo1|)cI, it
runs thus :

I'lHJ.i a time a ccrtaia Perfbn poin(> a Simplini» amnp"
the Mountains, tell by .Accident into Jut h a l\ecp Vale, that
he coui.l by no means get out ot it ai',ain, whereu|<)n look-
ing Jiliou: lor !oinethinj< to liurain li:> 1 itr, in th;., wrliv-
chcdv Cc'.'Kiition, he c|| led thK U'Kit, of win. Ii lie macic
■|r\a'. iwd found 'hit in eatint^ then of, it lets ed I'.iin both
for I'tcivdion and L.oathmf^, liy kcrpi;-,!' his Body in hkh
a Teir.ixrature, that the Iniuries ot the Weather had no
Infueni-c upon hi.n during his .Stay there, which wa- lonir
hundreds of Years-, t;d at tall an Fjithc'u ikc li.ippened ii
that i'iacc, whereby the Moont.uiis were rri.t, and he to... ml
a I'aliagc cut to h; I loufe, frotrj whence he had ken !')
lonp, abtei'.t : But the many Alterations that came to p.!.-;
there in luch a Space ot Fime wool i not [H'rmit them t »
give Credit to his Story, till contultinp iIk- Anr.ab uf his
J-amily, which gave an Acawnt of one ot t.'.eni loll at
tiut I iiiie, they were i ontirmed as t j the 1 luth ul this Kel,.-
ti<jii. With the L.ravc of our Author, th.s i no mop
(jcjfj.el with the Cbtntjt than with him. It is a Fal>l(-, in
vented tor t!ie lake i f givin|» luch an Arcoiint ol the \ ir-
tues of ilir> K(«jt, a.v may make t.V-m dwell on the Memory,
and that is all

:*. It will trf very natural for the Ke.ider to enquire how
It iinic to |xili, tint from lo ir,trll!p,ent and inc;iii!riuii> a
I'erlon J. tfiis DoCtoi Lu'inni^t'am .ij'jiears to have Uen,
we have rec.t,vi,i ii<;tfiiiig larther than what has lieenahea.ly
let dcjwn m lelatuia tr» ttic Allairs ot Ci'itt.i ; .md ,is I have
it in III) I'ower !■. ai.lwei that Qiielhon ver, luilv, I t!i;iik
It will not be omits to add Idmr very curie us i. ireumllanic-i
rrlatiiij; to to worthy a Man at the CI I • ot this Seftioii,
the lather, Ijcc.ei.le it (hey Iv not .i.'d: d here, it u VTy
|Kj|hblc tluy iii.iy be for evfr loll \S e are thirttorc to
oblervc, that the I ictury clUbhlhed at (.i.uf.m ss.is t'roke
up in the Yt.u i- ,.•, Jii.l thrrctorc the DoCtjr had not

mu^'i

Book I.

pcrruial I'.irth, Graft and
hcylnirniilln.p.rtticr, thi,
11IX Willi the Scril, which
a lha:t l.iPi', atiil lo grows
the hiflil l)cinn; liivn:^! m.
h before aiul alter the Seed
nfwiiat rcfcmhlc (i.iri!.ns.
Ills, when- ihiy I w Kice
hini, yvt tor »it!; t (irams,

t makl' UlP nt' DlliVT, |;y.

. In watcrit-^ thiirl'icliis
icnt mrntionrd by \Urtinu
tig all NVwkI, ami the Lon-
;i L'hain iMimp.
>alt !■; this •, all the Shores
111, in the Slimmer Sfaloii,
irtli, whiih hai km over-
lay it up in Hi>:pstoruli-.
liry It 111 thr- Sun, riibbiii,/
hey cov<r tlir ili.tKirti ot ii
thr Si>lc ot the I'h, ihcy
into a J.ii, th.it lliml-, U-.
torn. 1 hey till (h. Pit al-
h, ami jKiiir S.ili.watit cm,
: Ituhts with Water, wh:>li
J.ir, aivl is afterwards lx)ii'd

c taken in a printcii Ncws-
KiKit broi)|',ht Irom i^bina
lilt liAve tokl you, that I
nc lun-, anil which is tall-
u whifli they alcnlx- won-
?,inf; i .itr, ami tiirnir,!; grsv
I'm, or in liitullon nuiie (,t
vl at J very high I'riie, lulo-
t > W havl Ifum tdi J arl to
a lini^'Je Kix-i ; tor thr larger
I-'.iri< aiy, whu h is too muih
nmciit. Vou have it mrn-
itnitn. Number LXXXIW
acioriimj; to the Fcr.'ugiuze
1 m the ^-th Table <,I ihole
. It you will hav,' ilie Story
not warrant tor CjuIjuI, it

poin[> a Simplinp; aniori|T

iiit" luih a llccp Vale, that

It ;i(',ain, wherciiion look-

,n li:s 1 lie, in this nrlar-

U'tit, ot wiiiv li Ii? iiiaiic

then ot, It lw\ed i.im both

k(T;)i;;i', his Ikxly in iiKh

U-s ct the Weather had no

Stay tiiere, whith wa- tome

an baithoi.ikc hajiiiencd in

ins v.ire rn.t, ami he toi.m!

itn whtdi^- he hail ken !'»

Itciatio.'is that canv to i>.i,<

wwil 1 nor |K'riTiii them 1 1

Didultinj^- iIk- Arr.aU of h s

,t of (h-.e fit ti.em lull at

*•■ t jthe liuthol this Kei..-

Author, this i no mur-

itli hifTi. it IS a Kabif, iM

jcli an Arcouni ot thr \ ii-

lii-m ilwili on the Memory,

the Reailcr to enqiiire l.ow
r.tf ll'j',ent ami iniinirious a
t'O'u .i]ij»ars to have txrn,
r ttian what has Iwcn alrei.ly

s ot ti'<*; i anil .is I have
^mllion vci) tuily, 1 lliiiik
vriy iiirii u-. I. iriUinlUnie-i
thi LI I- ol this Section,
not .i,Mf\l hen, it !> vrry
lolt. We are t'lirtlore to
hlhril at (Julm w.is brokr

lutt. the IWtjr lu'.l not
mu^'i

Chap. II. r///n'//(r his RcfJcmc on the IJhrmi of Chudin. S5 j;

The I'erlin) whu had the Dircdion i)'i t\\v EojhhiMti
CoiupJ'iy's All'iirs in tlioti; I'arts v/,is one Mr. Kanlfili;
ami he, accoidinji; to the iillial LuHoni ol'ilic IiiJu-f, took
a certain Number ot MiucuJJirs, or Soldias, N.itives of
tint Country, into his Si rvicc, by wliofe .Anillauc:- hi- quii !Jy
built .» little I'ort for the I'rotcclion of his I'eopl.', and pro
cured the NecctTauts of I. iff. Inch m Wood, Wator, and
Fidi, which, as far as I could ever learn, is all that thele
Illands ever alVordcd. 'I'hc Miic\iijj'i!yj arc a brav, iiuiu-
ft'ious, and faithful I'eople, to tin ii as deal well by ihein \
and for thcfc Kcalons tlic-y are lii;;hly illcemcd in ilie 1 .all,
more tl'peii.illy by the JD«/i^. It mull, ho'.Viver, be al-
lowed, that tiny ar-- daring, ciinl, and riAMii;eful, it once
they are provoked. Mr. KaUlpolc had coiituiUvl with
thciu for three '^'ears, at tiie I'lul of whicli Terin thy
were, if they pleated, to receive their Wages and ihpart.
This Aurcoment, though tlnctly perlornud on their Side,
was broke by our Direflor, wlvi kept tliern beyon.! ilnir
Time, and againfl their Wilis. As this was a great llii'.ach
in Morality, be added to it as ^uat ,in L'.rror m Politicks \
for after provokine; tlull I'eople in luch a maiir.er, lie con-
tinued to trull them \wtli the liuardof his own I'trlim, and
the Cuflody of the l-'aL'iovy, which gave tir.in an C)i>prir-
tunity of tevengir!? the ill LTagc they had endureil with
tlat Severity, wbr h is natural to barbarous Min.!';, In
flioit, they role m the \it;ht, and cut the Tliioa's i I the
nire.ior, ^iid all th.tt were with hi:n in the b'actory, nut
one clcapiny,.

B.:t fume wlio lo>'yed witliout, liearuu', tlic Cries of thofe

if their Reds to ill
I'roviJ.t nee, thi V tl

wlio were iiuirdered within, lied out i
Sea-fhore, where, by a very lingular .^ ,

met with a Bark compleatly equipped, in which, tho' half
naked theiiirelves, tliey p'Jt to Sea, and in U [/.ood 'I'iiW,
that they efeaped the R.tpe of the MaCiUpi!, wlio came
in Search of hem t.) the Shore jull as tluy wci<;hed An-
chor. Tlieir Navi_:;ation was extrcamly dilT'.cuU, inalnuich
as they were expofed at once to ininilible Fatii^ju.', and
whicli was harder l\ill to the utmol\ F.xtrcmities of 1 biiij^er
an.lThirlli but with much adj they compleated then tedi-
ous Courfe ot one hun lied I ca^ues in tins wreKJie 1 Con-
dition, »h1 came at lad into u liiiall Creek in tin Kni^\ ol
"Jjbore'i nomliuons, where they wire civilly rceeivcd, and
kiiully treated.

S. A Year or two a^ter the £.i/?-W/-; Company thoui'hl ol / f>/.'.

tl II out very unluckily both for the Company and liimt'.l!,
that ihey happened to be I'eople altofjether uncqu.il to I'.icli
a I'rull, which proved the Ruin of him, and of the Factory
loo, which fell out in the following manner.

I), II lore the Fort which they were erefting wxs half
linilli tl, they began to mllilt the People of the Country, as
thi y pal'.i'd Up and down the River, and among many other
AOtsoi F'lilly and Weakncfs, they very imprudently took
i( .nt.( their ilctds to fearch one of the King's Boats, which
wis carryiiiR a I ady of Quality down the River, which fo
iTovoki d the hiUiVi Monarch, that he vowed the utter
IXIlukUum of the E'lglijh ; and to efTeft it, {jathered all
Ills Forces, and embarked ihcm on board his V\tttoi Praws.
'\ \v Company had ilun tv/o Ships in the River, and there
weie bediles two Merclantmcn of inconfulerabie Force;
Inn, however, this was all they h.ad to trufl to, and thcre-
fcire thr I'eople of tlie Fadory receiving Advice of the
Kin;*N ivrifj!;!!, and the preparations he had made, left their
I'acbay, and went on livird their Shipping, thinking them-
lilves moic Inure there than alhorc.

When all \\\\uy;\ were in Rcadinels, the Army came in
the Nij'Jit With aoove aw hundred Praws, and no lets than
ilii e tluiul.md delpirafe Fellows-, Ibme landed and burnt
the l-'.iilory and Foititications, while others attacked the
Sinps which were prepared to receive them. The Englijh
li.id inavio f'alV Nettings from the Mizen to the Fore-
SliuiUvU, about two Fathoms high above the Gunnel, that
lliry miiijit not lie fo fuddenly boarded by the Enemy, and
to h.ive the Op-portunity of ufing their BlunderbulTes and
I .i\nm betorc the F'.nemy could get on their Decks. As
loon as they in the Ships taw the Fleet approaching them,
tiny plied tlicir (iuns with double Round and Partridge,
and made A great Carnage \ but all did not deter the AlVail-
aius liom Lioardnig, who, when they got as liigh as the
(inn Walt, or tiunnel, were at a Lofs how to get over the
Niilini',, and Ii) were killed with great Eafe. Some got in
at one of the head Poors of one of the Ships, and killed
lome /'.Hi;////.' in the l-'ore-ca(\le ; but they were foon dc-
Ih'oyid,' The tw-o p,re.it Ships, though in Danger, be.it
olV the I'nemy wiiii tiiiall Lots ; but the little Ships were
boih burnt, with moll of their Men, and one Dutch Gen-
ilemiii, will) was obliged to fly from Butavia on one of
the lliull \MUls w.is alto burnt in her. His Name w.is
U.^h Ciiiihr, and had been the Embaflador of the King

fit to fettle another new Fadory on the Coall ol the ^lear
liland of licni,a. On the South End ot this Illand lies an-
other ftnalicr one calltil Piuolmd, which has an iMellent
I lailHjur. Tlie Country, however, is but veiy tlimly p^i
,.kd, as yieldiiio nothing but Ri.e -, but lyinf.at the Mouili
,,r the Rivers, connn- out ot the I'epper Couiuiies, it e
extrtaiv.ly well teated lor Trade. There is a Channel ol
the Sea bitwecn this Inand and that of AYrwtf. about two
Miles broad in moll Flues, in iomenarrowei, and in lome
NMder, haviiu turn leven to live Fathom Water all the
Wavi and o:i the Siiore there are llveral iil.ni:. Gi-'Un^- •
f.t to build on, which m.i>'.e it in the proper, i ll.iccs
in tli;^ I'art of t!u- World for a Fadory ; and theiefoa-
it is to be piefumed. Inch as h.ul the Dncdiun ot the Com-
lui.v's AIT.ui:. m.uie Choi.c of n.

Oi.c Captain /)'•",'. ^ very in-emous Gcnlleiii.ui, lUil

Some lav, who were there at the Time of the Engage-
ment, that the A'hi;/,/^ killed (in two Hours that the;
Ad ion was hot', above one thoul^md live hundred, befides
lu.iny wovinded and maimed ; but the E>igliJ/j were forced
to be -one lioin their Settlement. The King thought hK
Ri veni;.- had (^oiu far enough, in driving them from their
Seitlen'ent » and finding the Lofs of the £n^///7; Trade at-
I. .led 1.1 Urvenue, he let all Eng!ifl>, who traded to Jd-'c^r,
aii.l oih. r ciicumiacent Nations, know, that he would Kill
continue a tree I'r.ule with the EiigliJ^J on the old Footing,
but would never tullcr them, or any other Nation, tobuilJ
F'.iris in his Countiy. Several EiigHJh have been there iince,
and l.i.idi .1 I'epi'er, and have been civilly treated ; and t!ie
/!»(;,/' lent a Slii[i tioin Baliivia in .imio 171.', to trade
with tlmiii but the Natives rd'uled Coiivnerce wita
tlu'iii.

SECT.

■ \

i?^

III: •!

: -ji-

II I

11' ■ ;*

mvi

ill I

0! « ■

' .1

P':i ;li

m\ -

?n.'V

. )

8:6

,y CiiLiihJ

, ■/; i Lii.

tf the .ii/.\fititrt's

i^cok I.

M! :/'

1^ f ! ■

H ■

s i: c I I o N xxxii.

AjtachiE} Aaount of tix Aihcntura of Mr. \Nilliam Adams, an En^'Jillinian, -d-bo refided
tnivty Tiurs i/i the Effif>:rr of Japan, mid lais ihc Pcrfon iv/jo inliMluced both the i'lnglilh
anJ Dutch to trade thither,

C'ullcdkii, as well from hi> own Letter^, as Vortuguc'^c and Dutch VVrittr!..

I. Jn IrfrcJut'/icn, in :vhid> is cvitiiincJ it I'ti-:.' of the TraJr to Japan A/wi- Mr. Ailanis i^\nt iHtber.
2. Hi ii iiiti-rtiiinrj lis a Piiit ^tt PutirJ it Dutch l-'lirt ititrtuicil for the Kall-Indits, through the Str i^i^hti
&/' Magellan. •;. Ilis I\'fit[i- thrMgh thcfc Sir eight i into the South-Seas. 4. 'The grej! Miferia eiuitoed
h thtir Seomen ru the ('ioiilh rf Chili </'/./ I'cni, itnJ their Refolution to leiir a-ii'tiy f^r Japan. 5. The
in,tri\ .ml gre.tt Dijfiiti/ties they met lath itt their P,i//itgc. 6. Arrirat on the North Coii/i of Japan, ami
the I'l'iige fhv met -uith from the Kifcrfs ffreiiJ cmrrning them f>\ the I'ortuguczc. 7. Mr. Adams
/('•'// for, itn.i !titr'-,!ucfJ to the Kmperor. iiiv exiimined him us to his I oyiige, iinei the Ife/ign of it. 8. Ik
grvus info gre.it lurecur vitb the Emperor, onJ is 'eery happily ejiahlijhed in that Country. ,j. //(• builds
it Ship f'cr the Ewpenr, ,;/;./ heeomes a kind of Minijhr cf State in his Court. \o. The Account given l<y
him of the dinuite, Scil, Prdu.e, People, lie. 5/" Japan. 1 1. 0/>J?n\Jtion5 upon this Account, inclitjii::r
fartkr liemiuks. 12. The Uijlory of Mr. Adams, icntinueJ /'rem Foreign Authors. !■;. Iniitinces cfhis
grer.: Pouer ,;;.,/ .iJmirahle ConJuil during his Rejidence iit tie Caurt of Jap.in. 1 4. The Turn given thro'
his Miif:i}:^er;e>:t to the commerciiil Affairs cf thiU I'.ripire. 15. Conc/u/ion of this Hi/ior\, liith fome Oh.
ferwiti'ns and Rem,iri:s tending to explain the Ohfcw ities in this Account, and to fet the Authorities lihich
fuppyrt if in their proper IJ'^ht, f:r the Honour of this Man in particular, and 0/ cur Nation in general.

T i . pr:i(Ti:y, at our firrt Fjif ranee on thin Sc'tion,
t,) put tlic kcaiicr in n-,iiui o( the .Mrtluxl wc luvi-
pnrhicil tlito'.igh the Giurll- of this Chapter, which
hx\ l)ccn tj ipcak, as Occaiio.-i o!fi-re<!, of thole I'ait". ot
the JnJia which wm- manft to iis In ft, am! ("0 to pro- rcJ
gr.HiiUily t) the moll iliiKmt. In rcj>art.! to I'lmi, it is
sviih nic ofily a lri')n<.iaiy C'lnikli. ration •, and this ii (uffi-
titrt to aicuunt tor wh.it might otlurwife pats for a Mi-
I'.ikr, wlin Ii is the placwijj; here this 1 lii\at\ ot Mr. .lJ.im.\
r'rf>ieci!ns', t!io' 1.1 Pont ol Tin'.; , iK-iore that of the Cicn-
ticmcn lafl n-.cm;ontd, ntai one hnnJrcii Year.'. Now, as it
was imj-filT.bIc to rrj.KTt l)oth thric Accounts wiihout tril-
j affing I ;'. :he r.it\:ra' Or^lcr, citlur of liniror I'lacc, wi-
th ofc to ii!r,f!if.- witii thi- former r.ithcr than th- latter, and
tliai tor this pl.i;:i Rtaluo, becautt it oc-afions fnit one Al-
teration, w!». reas haJ w- took i':v: othrr M'thod, it would
liivc puKju<'<d HT'iy. We h.ivc a!rca.!y, in fiKakiny of
the Diicov.iv-'. maJt by die Pcr/ugurzt, mentioned their
t]:i\ comin!', ti J<i/hii, aiui have likcwilc taken notice of the
p.-cat l'ain» i' <y I'xjk to prevent oti'iir N.itiuns fiom having
a Sliare in th. iuli Comiiicrce o! rii.i: n'-w fount! Qjuntry,
■.*!rKh, tliough v.r.trd Ly them lo ciily a' .imic Dcm.ni
I ;;4i, yet !«id tliey ptifervcd it cwir.ly r. thcirown \ laiuls,
iili after till .\tiivalut tl.e I'lrfon, wiiok- .Nlnrioirs w-- pri>-
pofe to g.\ r :n tas .ScCti'in, and wh.ooi;j;ht tiwrcforc to Ik
tonfideccd as the Dilcuvcrcr of 'Je.j..:n to al! the r'-fl i.f /-.a-
ji/c, a. wc Iball fljcw ar large at the I lulc of t-'.is Src'.i n.

.At ;rirnt it is our I'.ufinifs tool)!.rsc, tl.xi tture was
n- t!ii;'.;4 the DkUi coveted lb nni h av an Op[>itur-:ty of
Vif:tin(5 tlie I laniii ot J>!p.it, wjiiv.h ff'-in the Rcjorts tticy
had received f;oni /'tr.'t-/ '/ m Sfui/i, as well as from thr-ir
own Satlriiunt:, sppcar-.-d t<i them a kind of JnJia in the
Jn.Uij. Tjje.'e arc i.jmc Di-'J' Mcino.rs Ihil extant, wliii h
iay, that tlie I'cifijn' employed by their K.ijllnJiu Com-

pany.

d an exai I Amount of the I'rotits ot'thc 1 radc

Irom .\I<ii.iO In 'Ja^cn, fioin the Ye.i; i-.-'o to iOaj,
fror!! wiiiiii Mcnxiiis it aj'|ieared, thut th<y cicaral one
Year with an* tlicr one huniVvd Tuns of (i liJ, wim h was
tallvderst to yix liic Du.'ih u|>on cndeavouririg liy all mear.s
to (;ain a Sh.ire m lo lucrative a Comm Tie. It may not
Ik- ainif', fiowiver, to p'rvcr.t Millakes, to rxjiljin tins
ler'n of a I m of Cioj.', wliuh I lakr to t:e entirely
Dmch, anil I'l'r- lor", ssheri I. tt rally tranllaird into Lnrlijh,
•,' in c'.anj(' r < ) r-niaif.ing as much Duuh as it was belote.
In the I'lrll ]• are, a I'un of (loid is not rellraincd at .di to
that Mrial, f'-r if it hal, it would not liave l»fn ul-il here,
moll of the K-'iiins from J.tp.tn i > .Macao luinn nia<!e in
•Si'v r , H'lrh' r la^ it any K terei.' e to the V.iinc ii! a I un
oi Ucid, V. h' !i jni..'ii.rs 1 fii t.ir.cs

IS meant hy this lixprelFion ; for by a Tun of (>olJ the
Diiieb Meniiants mean one hundred thour.indC.iu.Llcrs, and
confrquei'.tly the annual Value of the Tnide to 'Jispm
might be ten Millions ot (iuilders, or, ta keep Hill to
round Numlx-rs, one Million Sterling, a \.\\\ Sum indeed,
and yet laid tu be much fhort ot the Avivantag-s drawn
from theiiie m the iirll forty Vcais, alter the r.r:"g:ta!
lettl'-d in that Country,

But, thoti[;h thr- Trade of 'Jafan w.is a thiiM; lo dtfire-
ablc ot itfcif, yet the arquiiinp, any Share tlurcot appeared
even to the Dutch thtmlelvrv, though they were in iliolc
Pays c<iual!y enterpri/:ng, and iiKtelatit^able, a IXTigti
thssarted fiy almolf inlu[)crablc Dililculries. In the fin!:
I i.ic< , t!ic Naviijation was difficult and dangerous to the
laii Degree, of which they were made Irnlible, not only
by repeated Accounts from the Indus, which reprclentcd
tlie { ommercc with J.ifan u a thinj; almoll imprai'ticahle
on that Aicount only, Init were in a manner convinced of

lincc they hail tent a

Siiip thither

It from I'xjicrience,

.Inno D.m:ni i.,S }, wit!) little or .^o Suctefv. Th-.y Were
in hopes, however, of i'et'ing the ixtter ot this I-'.vil, by
making ule of J'ortkguezi: i'lluts, and accoullngly in i;;S6,
they iVnt another .Ship, whuli wxs entniRcd to the Care ol
one FrtiKctfio Pats, a Native ot Pcttu^,:!, who had not,
liowcver, muth lictier 1 iirtur.c, winch ilitcouraged them
Very much, ami was proluldy tlic Kcalon that they made'
no farther .Atteir,pts tor ten Years altcrwarils.

Bot this was t.ir Irom bcinp, all ; fi;r tlu y verj' well knew,
tli.it when this Dilfitiiity was got over, there were nur.v
others, and tome (d them fh'l greater, that were yet to Iv
lurnKHinted, .As tor example, they knew tlut the Jn/v-
yicu were a very [yjweiful and a veiy br.ive I'cojile, the
fii.'nui from K.j'.rt, but tlir Kittu tiom Ixperieme. For
at the I ime they Ix-fieged McUut, then ;:i t!:e llandiof
the Porlupicx:, thrtc ssas in the I'late a Imall Corps ot
'j,\p<iti<j<, who came ttutficr to trade, arui wlio, when the
lluie was invrf^ed, finding it imjxidilile to return limne,
ulliitc I ihrir I'ri'-neis in the I Jelence of it, and. tliat lb cf-
fri'tuilly, that It was chiefly Ijv the bold S.illu-s they made,
that the /)«/(/■ were at that lime tonii)' lif cl to raile the
Sie[,'r, whidi they dul with gicat Ixjh. liiey likcwife
kruw, that tlie ti.am.nd-, who weit at thii lime Millers
of t'lUu^al, and lonirmicntly the lolc I'ollelLti ol the
'Jafun 1 Mile, lud prejuducd the lnhabitaiit> of that Coun-
try againll them to the lall I>.-gr.-c, by reprelentm^ them
i.Dt Hilly at Krt>eis to that down, but it Pirate> and Ene-
iiii<-% to Mankind in geneial -, an I, iiid-eii, their B-.liavioiir
in the lnd:n fiad l-ccii luch a» ;;avt but too muLli Colour
to tha', K.J. on Add I'j this, that a vnv "real I'.irt ot the

■^

iicok I.

Chap. II.

of Mr. VV I L L J A M Ada m s.

illiinan, \cho rcfided
hdced both the luiglilh

\Vritir>.

\h. Aii.inis I../// tlitber.
ics, l/.'/oii^/.' thi' Str ighti
'h- i[ri\:t Mifniii cmiitn-d
-u'dy frr J,ip;m. ^. f/,,.
'orib Coii/i of Japan, and
iguczc. 7. ^fr. Adams
r/v ]\;/ip, of it. 8. H(
Ccuntry. 9. /A- /)j/,/.y;
o. The ytccourit given /y
'I thii Account, i/icluM>;:^
rs. 13. In/ltinCiS cflii
14. The Turn gi'ccn thro'
i Hi /lory, liith fomc Oi.
fft the Authontici vhuh
cur Nation in general.

for by a Tun of GolJ the

Itcil tlioiiLiiul (i'j:!J(rs inil

ot till- Trailr to 'Japm

liicrs, ui, ta keep Hill to

icrling, a vail Sum indcc.J,

ul till- Ailvaiiugx-s Juvuj

lais, ahcr the I'^rH'pezf

ifai! w.r, a tluiM; lb ilcTirc-
uiy Share tli; rcut appcirixl
[liougli tlity v/v:: in thol'u
li iiKUt.itij^abic, a Dcr.gii

I)iliiculMr"i. Ill the firll
ii ult and danj^oruus to ths
re nude rrnCiljl'', not only
• Indio, whiih rcprelcrr'd
tiling aliiioll inipraaicaWi-
: in a nuniicr tonvintcd r,i
I had U-nt a Ship thither
ir .Hj SuLtrfs. Th^y wirc
thr Ix-ftcr ot tliis l-.vil, by
i, and accDidinj^ly in 15X6,
as, ir.trultcd to the Care ul
I Pcrlu^,:,', who had not,
', which dilioura^rd thoni
tu- Ki-alon tliat they macio
lis afterwards.
I ; tor tli( y Very well knew,
iy>i over, there w.n- n.ar.v
reatcr, that wcri- yet to Iv
tliry knew tlut the J^ifc-

d vny brave I'eojile, the
ttir limii I-xpcriend", f'oi
iici, thrn m t.'ip Hand. ot
he I*U(c a Ima!! Corp'; ot
radr, j;iii w.ho, when il;e
mpointiic to return honir,
rnte ot it, and. tlut lb et-
lit- boki Sallu-s thry naif,
line tonipi ll'd to ra:l.-* the
itat Ixjh. liicy likcwile
ttCiL at thi. 1 line M illeri
the lule I'ollilLr. ol the
c Inh^biUiitiof tlatCoun-
t.-c, by reprcliiiting tlicni
n, but ii Pirate* and Ene-
, I, indeed, their B-;!ia\'ioii;
;avc b'.Jt too fljUuh C"'<JlJt
la; a ve/y "rcat I'.irt ot the

^57

lapancji Nation were bfcomc Converts to the Fopilh Re- Illanci of Annolm ; hut the Mifuies tl.cy endured by Hun-
1,^10.,, a.ui con equeniy hated them no lets as Heretick,. gcr in that T.nte were cxtrean,, and in the higheft Degr .

''' T ' J'^l'^?;! r"" I ' • If. . ''"*''^^^*' = ■'^""^'ii"B to Mr. ..i.«.'s Rehitiol for a lood

I aking thdc Cirain^aanees therefore together, we need while they had eael, Man In.t a Qi.arter of a Pounei of Bread

not much wonder that the Dutch ,n lome meafurc defpaired a Day, with a proportionally fmall fa..ant:ty of Wiiu- and

ot ev« carrjring their i'oint, and .•ftablilhing themfelv. s as Water ; but it catiie at laft to tlut pai;, that thcv car tlx-

very Skins that covered the Ropes of the Ships^ and by tliis
unnatural fort of i:)iet brought on ftrangc Dilorders and [-<:>•.
blends of Body upon themielves j tlirough ail thcfc DifFit-.il •
ties, they nude a Shift at laft to reach the A%r&;;.v,t
olreighti, coming into the lirll: Narrow ol diat Paira!:;e,
April the 6th ■, Ijut this was but ftili out of one DifiicuTty
into another ; 'twas only altering tlie Scene of their Misfo--,
tunes, and coining to be iniferable in another Place ; ior',
the Winter was coming on here apace, the Cold began ro,
be fevcre and pinching, .-ind the great Sr.ows began too. To

a tradin^ Nation in Japan; yet fo frail and Iccble a tiling
IS human I'olicy, and fo little Certainty there is in the I-ore-

inty I
light even of the wifell Man, that notwithibnding all tliele
Obllacles, and contrary to all Appearance, they not only
urrieil the Point, bur after contributing as much as in their
I'ower lay, to the Ruin of tlieir Competitors the Porlu-
gitczti they have fecured the whole ot this rich Trade to
themlelves, and ihat too in Uich a manner, as that it is not
very likely it fliould be ever taken out of their \ lands. All
this we may fately affirm, on tlic Crtdit of the Di/t-b Wri-
ters thenil<:lvcs, is intirely owing, and was ablolutcjy brought make their Circumlbnces more compleatlv difma!, many .t
alxtut by the Interi;ll anil Condua of one poor Eitglyhiiiati, time would the Wind have fervcd to have cuiied tliem
this very ff'ilkam .idoms, whole Memoirs oi' this C(-untiy, through ilic Snet^i,:,, but the obftinate Cineral would not
rollcacd from his own Writings, we are now to give the embrace the Opportunity, ai the Advice of thofe tlut pe: j
R' ail<-r- luadcd it, anil lo was the CXcaiion ol the mifeiable Coii-

Ihe riling in itlelf is indeed wonderful, ar.-i if it w,^s li.-.emci.t of the Fleet all the Winter Scalbn. '

not fupported by the moll authentick I'.vidcnce, would, to 1 leie was Firing, indeed, enough for them a!l about the'
the prclent Age at kaft, ajipear incredible j but as it is fup- Sireights, every I'lace aliouiiding with Woud ; buttiieic
[xirted, it cannot be denied, or even difputed, and there- was a worfe Ntceiruy amoiigft them, which tiiis would
hire it ought to convince us, that there is nothing of tliis never fupply, and the Ci.iviiigs of the Ik.'iy Weio lu be
Nature impoflible, or impracticable, it Men once lit hear- latisfied by another liirt of Provilion. Here tiny conti.iucd
tily aUiiit It i li) th.it we have no Reafon to doubt, that if confiiding with Hung( r, Dillcmpers, and Uid Weather,

the fame Sixrit ol extending Commerce, which prevailed
m this Mai.'s Days, Ihould revive in ours it would produce
like I.'.Hretis. and diUover to us lucli new Routs, lucli iin-
cxpcdcd and unlocked tor Me.ins of employinji our indu-
Ibious Poor at home, by procuring a Vent for their Ma-
nufac'lurcs abio.id, as would laife this Age as high in th?

till September, fo that they Hood the Shock of the whole
Winter at this Place, and endured the Fxtiemlties of alf
the very worll Months of the Year. Abundance of their
Men died, being downright ftarved, and the reft were as
near it as they could well be •, and now the Genera!, having
had enough of the Winter Pleafurcs of the MazeUaK-ck

.V.',

nij^l'l', and being i^ot intei the Scu.'/.'-Sea., were w;.r,h-
etlly tolled and beaten about in that turbulent Oc .'iMi : In

u clvov;:

Opinion ot I'olleiity, as the laft Age ajipears, or ought to Sireights, very politickly concluded, 'twas time to go away.
ajJi'i-ar, in ours. But it is ii«w Time to return to our Au- His Men were half deail, and the Remainder were almoft
flior, and to attend to thole Aaounts of Jeipcn wliich familhedi the difmal Winter fpcnt and gone, and the chear-
havc been Ictt us by to able and fo experienced a I'er- ful Spring coming on, with the returning .Sun, he thocglit
fun, than which there are not pirhapsaiiy better to be met it high time to put out to Sea again before the Comfort of
with in any Lanp.uage whatever. the approaching Sealbn lorlbok them.

2. In this Buliiieis, as v.e li.ive fien, he w.-is not tiie Ser- ^. So the latter F.nd ot Scptcniher they fet fail ctix.of t:is
vant of his own native Country, but of IloUaiid, being
an .ibie Pilot, .iiid very Ikiltul in all Points of nurine Know-
ledge. He was hired by tlut People to go to Sea witli
tlii-m •, his port was that ot MatUr Pilot, the Management
ot the wiiolc Ileet (which conlifted of live Sail; being
left priiKip.dly to his Care and Prudence. They let Sail
trom the 1'exfl "June the i4th, and nude it the ;ift ot /ik-
j^',/, by that 'i ime they re.acheil Si. J-igc, one of the Cafe
(.<■ I'erd Mcs. 1 lere tlay llaycd aliiKjR a Month -, fo long,
tlut a good Part of the Meet was lick with the unhealthy
Air ot tliat Pl.ur, and they tounil it too true l>y Fxperi-
fiH-e (which Ulore the Diiul: would not believe) that it was
a very lurren I'lace a', to any mann rot gwxl RelreQmient.
S.pienwer the 1 jih tluv palied the lane, though with

lliort, a furious Storm fcattered the who!.; Me
them to leek their Fortuner, every one by tl'.en.felves; tb
had agreed bitore, in i.de of any lb;;h I'^bbllc.-, that t!;
wouKi Hay for one ane'di;r at loir.e Pi.ice upon th'- Coaft
Chili, ill the Latitude oi' .in", and il the reil came r.ut in a
Month, then tholl tli.a wfre tlicie fliouid go o;\ Ilii'-.-.-r
Mr. AJaiiis'f, Ship came, according to the -Vgrvcmcrt, and
ftayed the appointed lime. The Native; were civil ard
friendly to them at full, and bartered Sheep and Potatoes
for little Toys, which they gave them i but at laft iluy fell
oil", removed up into the Country, and came no n'.orc to
them. 'I'heir Company not coming, they went away,
■J'rouble, bccaule ot the contrary liiuiherly Winds that then touching, as they palia;, at the B.iy of Rc.ldivis,^ and ih

diilt' lied tiietn, atui thi:. was the Ffucl of having k.itcied
awjy too much lime beiore they came to attenijit it.

1 hey were now i.iirif.' away 10 thrCoaft ol GutncJ, and
coming up wnii dp, de /Mftz (lonjciivei, they landed their
liik Lonipany tin re ; but tins I'luee lienieil Rcliel, as well
;us the lorinei, .md the lick Mm were lorccd to carry their
Uver.il V .n.tsaiid 1 )illeiiii)ers aloard with them again. At
the lllc <il /..iw/i/itliey met with a little better I'.ntertainment.
Hm Wire Bo v<s, Or-'ngrs, and other Fruits; but the
l'lj<;iic<)t iiavii.g an until. .ilthy Ciiiiiati emluttered theCom-
le.t" ol this Ul l.'.ilnueM, and the bad .Air made them tick,
.IS tall as till .-/Khi I'.wvilio.;-. iiiad.e them well. The Du!d-
la;i<lc.l a I'. iiV ot M. n, and took die Fown, a Iniall thing
conrnting 1. 1 '.^,,ii!\ lioules, and like to be ot as little
Piont t.. the I. o :u|L..'iors as it was J lonoiir to them. 'Twas
towai.! lUe Maiiile ol t\cveiiil'er bet'ore tliey got av.ay from
iheiiL, , 1.. li.ird IV It 10 l.ave a good baiting i'iaa, elpecuily
wlun the next is to v.iy unci iiaii;, as it is in the Cdc ol
o;ameii liervKce.! ./«),\ .' k; and 4''S. F. they had the Winds
pirpetualiv .It .■> Is !•.. a;.d S. S. 1.. but .ibout that Parallel
thcv came' up by -^ f. -i -d F- S. F. and F

Ille of .Vkiba -, but not coming to AnJior any where, till
they did at the Cape .V,;,7.V! Mrrir, wliiJr is .about twenty
Leagues t'lom the Illand of that N.imc to the Soutlnvard.

Here rhey toiind a convenient Bay, .".nd pood Ground
for anchoring-, there were confuleiable Numbers of Peop!-.*
that appeand upon the Shore, but tlv.lr Temper and bif-
politions, .IS they were unknown, lb they were now to be
tried ; but they proved very crols and untowa.'d -, for ar
their iirll Attempt to l.md the fiidh:!:} looking upon them
as Invaders ot theCountiy, iVt themlelves to oppofe then;,
and pouied in a Shower of Darts and Arrows upon the
Boats that came up to the Shore ; but they b;'iPg under the
Pinch of Hunger, and driven by an ablolute NccclTIty to
mdeavour fome NFmus for the getting a Kefreni.T.en:,
broke through the Weapons ot the Bt:>hii.:i:.., and 1 ijided
their Men. Now tiiey nude Signs of Peace on both Sides,
and a CelVation of .Vrms being, .is it were, agreed on, they
came to a Parly in tlut 1 anguage ot S;g;.s, and tli." /'.-
diiiih un.lerftaiuling wiut ihiy meant, brou^Jit them Wire
■ ' t'j Commodities the ctb.rs fh..;wed

,ind Fru.t:
them, ami

tor tl
then

a1 to tlicin, that tli-.-y fhould now

thiv cam.' Ul. by -S f. -'ud F. S. F.. and F. them, and then li:,;nili.ci to tnein, tiui i.r> n.ouia .u;«

•i heir Cwu,:bw...i.Av lor the. ^;<i;i;;<»«;<«.V/'c#/^ and return abcaid ag.un i .md it diey ca-iie aii;:cre .ig.wi t.x
they nude n nv .\l.ntlu la.b.v, l-tween th. m and the next Dav. thv> lb.-..l '. luv,' a farther !>.ipp y ot \ i^uui.

}-.: J

til.

M W^l^.

''■■iVfl

858

.-IfihiinSl .liioinjt oj thi A^hcnturcs

Book I.

■ t.

ill

lit' I- ' ^

S"?

Aaoriiir';'y, thr nrxt P.iy tlif C.ipt.iiii l.iiu!ril, \\it'i .1
Score or more nt Mi;(Vftrrrs anil tlirv IkvI "nt m.irchi-il
f.ir iKtorr i I'aity of hham, to (!u- Niinibcr d a tho'.i-
r.in.), ihat lay riinringly inirrmhai, tril upon tluni, anil
ci;t ihrm all ntl".

4. 'I hi' wa< a tfrriblp Mi".fort\inp upon alt Aooint<,
partK-ulaily in that thii^ I'.xcnitiDn hail ll-arcf Irit then Mtii
i!-.oi:yh to i!u thf nri-(ft".irv Office el thr Shij<<, \V:th thu
t-ol's thrv wrrt aw.iv trom tlu- ii\hiif[ita!i!c Cape, .nJ came
to rhe lllV ot Smhi Mny itldf , hirt th;y tmind ilirir Ai!-
mirals lut in much the lamrilirtrtlTeil Comlition as th;'m-
ll-lves, thi- Natives ot the Ilanil ot M',d\t havint', i^vven
t'u-m the lann- ni.le Treatment that thole at ihet'ije hail
givin the other-, or.Iy of the twvi the Ailmiral ha>l the
worrt on it, for thry'hid loll more Men hy the Harts ot
the ItJut)!', anil t.vtr and above that, tlu'ir liemral him •
lelf. Now, tn get fome R( freftiment at this i'lace w is the
great WtK iihy ■, 'twas hanl to he l\il!, an.i fam;(h on Sliip-
boanU and "t**" a* hani tover.tirreon Shore, lircaure they
had not Men for it. In Ihrrr, tlufe two Wants were tr)
preat, an.) (o unhappily comph'.ated in thi ir pref-nt Cit-
cuml*a".ce, that for a.l that appears, if an AcciJenr had
not re'uvcd tncm, thty nnill hive coiKJiulcd upon dyiiij;
here wihoiit any morx- ado.

Rut a C':i:plc ot Sriini.irJs that had a IXif^n to U tray
thf;-!, iame aNard in a lecminii rrnndly manner) for that
l''.:rtv)fe, and wire fo wile ns to do it \sithoiit l'lrJ;v», or
nuking any I'loviiion for tlieir f.ite Urtura. Sri wh- n they
had fein th- Ship, and would have ('one bai k ai^a-n, thry
t .1.; flirm no, iliry w-n* l-ndhle of their ill f »r(ii;f\ and
woi'ld keep them Piiliiner^ (rfjiciially finre they came of
their o'^n I leads t'H)) iinleh they would pron.ifc to fur
mill t!i" Ship with fo much IVovifiors. ()iic m.iy eafily
ini.i";;'.;- the >f.:t:''J} were o\;tof Humour \i\xw it, to iiml
tliemfvlvcs taken in t'uth a Trap , but 'twoN all one, 'twas
to no I'ur'jH'f- t'j be in a I'atiion there, and they were
forces! to liibnut to thole Ttnns ol Deliverance, and ^-lad
to eftapc fo too. The Sf.:';tjr,is brought in their I'rovi-
Tons actnrdirg to the Agreement, and now thry were omc
nil re reprievcit ti' m a niilerable !)earh.

After this the two Sliips fct fail ii". (.ompany for J.'piiK,
t',.' tell of til- Fiict sverc ;v.ven ovir toi loll, .iiul one ot
them dicy aft- iwardi heard t.il into the I I.inds ot the Sf',:-
timrdi at S:. J-iic. Bt fides this, the Kins; -it .<pi:in\ Men
wa.t.d. ti.rthem upon thi Cciftof I'nu, aiul haJ thry lit;ht-
e\!on them, 'tis vrrv" probable thry had K)th fo!lowesl thrir
Convunion in hr late, fiiice th-y wcic in fo very weak
ai.d »nat::rcd a Cin.!i:'.on.

5. It was .Wv.ml^r the :.,f*' that they Irft the IilamI of
yjiH! y.ari ujXii, the Lcwft ot (".7'///, an ! hav:r.^ palVeii the
I. me, ha.l a gcy> ! Wn.d, aii.l fair Weather l"r a ^-iwJ
while, wit.hoi t any hiterruj tion by Storr « and Tt m|!el<s.
In the latiti,.fc ol lifiren or fixtctn I).-^'aes N >r:h, tluy
Ir)! in wit!i ion.e lila;) Is (d Canibais, or Men. eaters, as
Mr J.iami cal!^ tlicm, w:;l.oUt any Scnipir, fince ei^;ht or
rine of thiir Mfn he b-!;rves w.-re devoiired bv thvrn.
T!.(f<. I'dlows u fccms, b<-irp weary of fo long a \ oyap.e,
aid Willing t i t.ike up at the n'Xt rellmfr I'lair, put thrr;-
Icivts int.) the I'lnnace, arv! fo ran away ; but winch Way
f(.,tvcr the Car.iha.s difpoled of them, 't;s irrtajii, thry
nvrr tair,' aUjau! more. In the latitude ot .1- and i>,«
the \Sratlier !» p,4n to change iijHin them, the Wimis that
I'.ail L.n ftill an ; <;ui-t lu long roul'd, and blriv wa.'i a prt,-
digioiij I-ury. 'I'hry hail Inch a Storm ot Wind an'. Kaiii,
that equalled or rxiccdcd t;ic moll violent ar.y Manner
among them Iia ! Iren.

In this horrible C'onliifion they loft one another, and the
Aiiir.ual ntvi r came wy to thrrii more ; but thry followed
on thrir Co'.itfe |i r 'J^span alone, l)cing llill in hopes 10
inft h'r in ore I'art <ir other ot that Illand tVrtainly,
haruly rvei a:.y Man [x-rformed a Vcjyage in more Dillrrli
(Air Pi'ot ir!K i:<, that thiy had ot all th'ir Nwrnlxr Init
nitir or ten kit, tlut were abk- to W.w.kS, or irerp u[»n their
Kiicti. As lor the ( aptain, and ail the reft, thry were all
at liiiir lall (>alp, as 11 were, and exjie^led to die every
I tu'it : And. till', was a vriy difnial t-.il'e -, (or .Storms will
make the p-'xjr .Seamen Uil.r a^l work themlelvrj to the
I'urjHjfe. Hut !iow fl.all \.iturc b lupjxjrted in the mean
tiT.e, i;;d where iTiall M.n h-vt Stier/j^th to do the)' toil-

tome Woi!;s, that hasr not 1'\xkI tn keep Life ami Soul
ti'tVtIiit ?

0. It was ..;m// the I'jthbrforetivy h.nl,S;(>htoftlio
Coall of 7.i/>,;», Mu\ by that Time the'i,- v»,is hut live „f
their Company tliar could j;o, l>„,v„f,,ice onlcrine the
Matter to tor them, that they had then a I'loljvi't At !{,..
lilt •, when Thini'.s were run up to the highrll Fxfremitv"
"tw.is near to Bii"^n that thrv law this tirll jdnnd, nrt.l wc-,'
then in about •?.;" ?n •. but Mr. ■fi!.im<,hy the w.iy, iifu^s
u«, that that ( i.:ift ot y,ip,iH IS tair.y p'.iccd in all uiirM ,p,^
Charts, and (dobrs ; f..r he lays it lies m ^ •," ,v,', 'wh'cl'i
makes a conndernble nitliTencc Irom the coinn-.jn .•Iccourt
pivrn bv them of its I'olition. At Fim^^o feveril lioats ot
the Natives came up to them, ami aUiaid ti.etn too, m
they had a mind themldvcs, and it could Ise noother\\i!r
for thcte was no KkW to m.ike my RrdK.mce.

The Saiion wire all qimc tjx-nt, and it the J/rpmUt
would have plundered them, or kiunked them 011 ttie
He.ul, they nii(«hf have done it without any Trouble; vet
they did them no manner of Hinn, as to .iny Violence, or
ai.y loit of AlVront ; but they pilfered aii.l llole a'l that they
loiilii lay Haiuls on ; for which lome of them |Myc(l vciv
dear afterssards, T he Vue-Kinix ot ihe i'lair piovtd very
kind to them, took them into his i'roiri^iion, and lent a
( luard 'i% loon as they were come to an .Anchor in tiic Fortj
to ti- that none ol the Merchants liooils vseic llolen. I'lus
Would have done very well had if eoine in t^ooil 'i'lme ,
but the Thieves were there Ufon- ih;m However, htir
thry h.ul g'*od Store of Provilions lint them, ,inil a l|..(iff
pr<iVidcil on purpofe tor them, and, m Oiort, were niailc very
muih of, and bf !;an in lome meature to entoy themfelve',
alter all the Ihnj^er* and FartguM of the .Sea.

B<it 'twas their ill laiek to meet with Pirtujiui zf ind
Jeluits here i they were loreeil to make ule of t\n-n for In
tct|>retrp, indeed ; liut they had tar b<ttrr Wrn withijU?
any, and cliol't rather to have mavic ulV ol the illmf Jjn-
guag' ot CieiUirts «nd Sign», than have made ufeot rui.'i
Interpn ters as they were : For, thrl • Men gave the Cha-
racter ot them, tint they commonly give of tlieir hurcfran
\nj;hl>ouis 'in all I'arts of the NVorld where tliey meet
them) that they were Spies or i'irates, and not fadiri;
Men, as thry themfrlves [teteniled •, an. I this let thr 7.1-
ponrff againll them, tlut Mr. .f A.-mi tells us .he was apt re-
heiii.ve a: one lime that thry Ihould hive iiad the 1 .ite ot
I'iratei in that (ountry, svhir h is to t^e let up upn CnlTe^.

Now, When a Company ot [KXir S amen came to tliro-.v
themfelves ii|«)n tlvir Mercy, as it svere, in a llrange (.''a:;i-
try, where they were not able to Ipeak tr-r tlienifelvrs, an 1
<A here their 1 ib-tties and I .ivrs drpemled ewirely upon ti.e
I'coples giM-nt Opinion ol them, to go and lervc thfin .it
that rate, was an unpardonable Piece ot \'illary, and an Ac-
tion to very inhuman m\k\ bale, as was only lit tor /'i,r/((-
fui^e and Jeluits to be guilty of ; but if was not long before
the |-m[>erot, hearing ol this Sinp, lent for Mr Llitm',
Iv-ing the Pilot, to lon^e to hiin. I lie Court \s.is thin at
O/iil.i, wliK h IS aUiut eighteen 1 cagiie* Irom Hiin'c, I lithri
rame our t.nptlhmnn, not knowing whether 'twas tor Lite
o: I>-ath, to Pnton and I'uniftimcr.t, or tor their F.tvuiir
iind bnlargrnient.

7 The l''.rn|Kror viewed linn, he lays with a woniler-
fuJ deal ol .\ttrntion \ but yet with his nuM and favour-
able Countenance, tixjk oil", in a gieat .Me.ilnrt", troni the
Diiad his t o.intenance fi'ii.'^ht o'tirrwile have iinj'reircii
He atked, by his Interpreters, a World ot thietii..ns alwii!
the( o'.intry Mr. .*/<iwj lame from, the I'enpic, their .Man
ners, thrir Affairs Ujih as to \\ ar an I IV.ice, and IVoi'iiifls
ol 11 in Ik-alls, I'lOi, and Fowl, t.'ie I ra.le and Kufmrls and
Laws and (losvnimenti and, in llioit, the whole natural
and iivil Hitlory ol it. More than tins lie ptir^;il him a'
to his Keligii.n too, and would necils examine his laitli,
atking him what 'twas he Ixlievrd in.' a C^uellion, that u
a Man had not known the l'm)<-iot's Kiligion, would
almoll Iwvc mjile himafiaul; the Jeluif. had let up an l.;
quilition 111 re, and that he was one ot the IrilHin.il

Hut Ml. .iiami pu/./lcd him ten times wort'-, wiien he
fhrwed him the Miif^tHani.k Sirtifiii in his t liait, thro"
wlmli he laiieil to '/.ipun. Tlie l.mpcror j>erhaps hal a
pretty gixxi Opinmn of him Ix-lore, but now he thou/jit
liitn a downfi!"'/t l.var, the Myllrry ot lu h a Voyage was

' 1

Book I.

■''^>'"»:fT Life ami Soul
^{;"r<Tlyyl,.-HtSi<»li,„f,|,o

I ';i;f ti.'M- w,,s hut live ,,(

\ Irovhitnc nr.lcring the
naU then a I'loijvi't rtt ]{,.
I' K) th<- hir,l.flf Fxm-mitv"

■iwthi^HrdidniKl, nn.lwrr
■ V,/,,m.,hy,|„.vv,y, ,:n,r,,

•••Iflyi'VcdinalhM.rMi.H

y;. " I'p ii< r." ,vs -wiudi

Irom thf DMmv.in Accour t
At Uiin^^o (cvcu\ liojts nt

I, ami aU>anl tiirm tfK>, ,h
nd it cwikl Iv: „o (ith#r\vi!r

• rtiy Rrdllancc.

Tix-nt, ami it the 7^,„rf,

or kmxkfcl tln-m on tt,f
t withinit any Trouble ; yt't
linn. au().my Vi,,|cmT,'or
literal aiiil lldc a'l that they
li tome of them paved very
f'lV't ilic l'ia(c|Mov(d very
) hii I'nitri'tion, and lent a
iif to an Amhor in the Fortj
us lifMxIs ^fti. Uulfn. l\m
lad it n«iiip in i^ood 'I'lme ;
on- th;m HdWfVcr, htrr
on% lint them, and a Hoofr
iiH, ii; (hurt, Wt re made Viry
vjliirf ti) eniny thfmlidvr«,
iiM (if the Sra.
I meet with Parlnfiwzf and
l'> nuke ul<- nt fhir.i for Jn-
ui tar bitt!T k'rn without
made ufr uf the lilfnt 1 jn-
:han have made i;rfot hu'i
. thrl • Men t^avc the Ctia-
mrdy Rive of tlieir hurcpt.tn
h-* World where tlic-y meet
ir l'ira:cs, and not tradiri;
Kirfi 1 and this If! t!ir Ja-
fl.imi trils m he was appre-
hoidd hivf had the laieol
s to It let lip l.'lH.fi Cn Ifr'.
■•.xir S a;ii(n came t i tlirow
< it were, in a tVrange C'ia::!-
f> I'pcak tor rfirinlMvev, and
dtpendril emirely upin (I.e
n, to f^o and Icrvc thfir, .it
'leitMit N'dlary, ami an Ac-

a", wav only lit tor f\r!ii.

; lu:t It was not longlief'orr
Siiij), hut tor Mr JJam',

II. 'I lie Court >^.ls thm at
eagiiff Irom Hnn/o. liithei
w^ wlieihcr 'twa> tor l.ile
inicnt. Of tor their I .ivijur

1, he lay«, with a wonder-
with h!^ lliikl aod favour-
a gieat Me.ilure, fr:)ni the
o'herwd'e have iini>rfirtd
World of t^ielliunsalwur
Jill, the People, their .Mai!
It and I'c.icf, and IVcK'iiifK
!ie Iradeaiul Hu(ii'.(ls, and
n (liort, the whole natural
thai) tliii he purged him x
I nreiis examine his I'airh,
rd in ? a (^lelfion, that u
in|<-iorS Kthi;io", W(iuld
ir Jeiuit', had lit tip an I.;
one ol the rrilKin.il.
icii timei woilf, when he
reifiii in his Chart, thro'
liDperor perhaps hat ,i
•lore, hi:t now he l!ioii,',I.i
lery ot lui !i a \uyagc w.as

Chap. II.

of Ah. \V r f. L I A M Adams.

inn

in-

fo inromprchenlible, that he had no haith to lirlKiw iiii
it 1 yet lincc Mr. .Uinis alKrmcd it, and he roiild lu.l i.
fiite him, he cntei tamed it a.s a Man dix-sall I'uinisol pure
Myllery, with l.lerit Adm.rati.in, ami humble Snhmillioi,
ot their Kcalon to the Difhculty, though cramped .tiid loi
turcd with It at the fame tunc, Ihouah hi.« Underllan.liiu'
wai affronted by it, yet his good Nature w«t nut, and he
was very Rood I'riemls with Mr. ^Jamj alterw.iid', n in
peared bv his holding him in talk till Midnij-lu ; | le'h'nd'ie.
vera! other Conferences with the I'.mperor after iliis, hut
was for a confiderablc lime notwithltandiiiLr, kitit in
I'rifon, though lie had all Necellaries allowed' him, and
rothinp like a Punifhment, hut a laij^e Cunlimnv in, 'I'he
P/rim:u,ze made all the Inteiell at Court they loiild pot
fibly againn him, and, by their Agents, were I'omiiniilly
intuling Ionic Icandalous Reports of hnn and Ins ( ouiiiry in
the lvmf<ror's I'.ars i but all wouki not do, and the I'fln.T
was lo jull and generous as to idl them, that the hi»>'/l<
having done hiin no Mitthi< t, it woukl not be lair lor iijiil
to lee them fuller from any in his Country, and lliaf it
would Ix; contrary to all th« Uws of juthce and Kealon,
lor him to iuti'er an innocent Man to be exuuied, nu'i.fy
becaufe his Country and theirs were at War,

S. Mr. .'/iirtw/sCircumltancfs now began to mend, and
grew more favourable j his Faiemies were (|uile dilheait
Hied, and the l^mperor cxprclVed every Uay more aiid
more gootl liking to him. In tlve lirll place, hr lieed him
from his Imprilonmcnt, and gave him leave lo Uv his oM
Ship's Company, who were furprized with no luiall |oy .-it
this, having heard ('tis prob.ible from the iVr/K;;;/, .v, u|,,,
intended it fliould lie to) that he h.ul been i x<uiied lonie
lime b"fore : But here he found the .Ship iili|o|iii,.ly iiKm
ilered, and all his liootls and Inftiuments g-me, .iiui lUl (In'
rell had loH what they had as well as he i for lu inp, all li. k
and weak alhorc, the Cioods lay ready for a I'ny io thole
that roiild be unjuft ennnph to feize rhcin.

When this c?me to th,' I'mpeior"'. far, a Scan h «•*•)
made, in order to the Recovery of thf m \ Inn Ixiiip, (tone
too far out of ReacJi, he commaiuleii tiliy ihoulimd' Rials
ui Kight to be <»ivcn th.'in in part of .SaIi^tal'tlon i and to
make tiire that this Money Ihould not be eiiher liaudiilenily
detained by his I'realurers, or converted to any oiher I'lc,
he law the I'ayment ol it liimlilf into the I jaiuls of one
who was apjHJinted to have the Manamiiunr o| iheir Af
fairs and to give it out to them in I'auels as ihey waiKcd.
Alter this the Court removed to luido, aUnit u hundred and
twenty-two 1-eagues from Ojaica.

The l-'.mperor ordered Mr. ..IJ.ims to move ihitherwaiiK
with his Ship, and here they took the l.ilK'riy (o petition
him, thflftliey might Ik perfectly free, and pmiue the Delip.ii
ot their Voy.ige, in going to tr.ide in lome oihir I'aits ^
liui this would not take, and the l-'miHror wa'. not dilpof d
to part with them yet i lb they got the Money inio their
own I lands, and liivided it amongll iluinlilvrs, i very Man
his Share, and then they dilperied ihemlelves about the
Country, chufiiig tholl' Places to I'efle in th.it bell pleahd
their Faiu les ; but the I'.mperor ordered them, In lides un
Allowance ot Rice, two Pound a Day lor eveiy Man, and
over and above, lo much yearly .is came to eleven oi iwrlve
Ducats: I here was no Uiitiiu'tion maile between I apiain*,
I'lluts, and common .Sailors ; but they all tared alike,

0. riuis tour or five ^'tars >venc over their I lead'., and
tluy followed every Mm his Bulinels in the Couniiy lor a
I avelihood, lince 'twas iletcrmined that there tlirv mufl
live and die -, but when the I'erm ot Ve.iis w.is cxpnrd,
the Kmperor lent tor Mr. /IJums to Court, ,\\\A the HuliiK Is
wis to make him .i Ship. This was not his I i.ide, as he
told the I'.mperor, and though he knew how lo p.uide a
Ship at Sea, yet he was not uted to the makin', ol them \
but he was \\) very urgent and prelling to have il done,
that Mr. Adr.ms undertook the Work, and buill him ii
Ship ol about eighty Tun.

NV'hen he came aUiard it he (xprelVed a wontleitiil dial
oi I'lealiire in it, and 'twas a Pievc ol S 'ivice he v.ihied
lo much, that the .claker ol it roK' mi;\litily m he. I'avour,
bv this very Means ■, btdidcs lev, r.d very |';ood I'lclini', his
I'ii'.rion wa. cncrealed too, beini.^ matte tin h. is t.uueio *m
Ducats /)^r J':miw, over and above the foriiiei AllowaiuT
1-1 Kicc i anil tlietc \\{'.\ managed, were i lolerabic liiveli-

859

liood for a fingic Perfon in the Country : But tliat which
i-eeoinmendcd him moll cHeaualiy to the Emperor's Elleem
w.u his Skill 111 Mathematical Learning j Mr. .Mams had
» BVh\ Share of Knowledge in the praftical Parts, and was
now honoured with having li, great a Prince for his .Scholar.
» Ic inllruded him in fevcral Points of thtfo ufeful Arts,
«nd matle him capable of folving to himfelf that myllerious
loblem of lading to yapan by the Magc/lanici Slrei^hts.
I le could pleale him at any time with dcfcribing Geome-
tiieal figures.

i'he I'.mperor was plunged in the Study, charmed and
roniured within the Circles Mr. .^(/rtHw drew him. This latter
uted his (ieomctry to fuch good Purpofe, that he difcover-
fd the tiiie Method of managing his Royal Pupil by it, and
got, as he lays, the exaft length of his Poot. His Word
vvas all in all in any Point of Uifoute and Controverfy, and
Which .Side locvcr Mr. Adams took, thcEmperor was always
til the lame. I le had fo great a Stroke now at Court, that
even the Jifuits thcmfelves were willing to make ufeo! his
Inteielt there, and courted him to be their Patron ; and
he declares, that by his means both Spaniards and Porlu-
f:i'<-i.c rcceiveil feveral Favours from the Emperor, which
they wrr.' otherwif' in no likely Way of obtaining. Being
in thole Circumftances, he thought it not impolliblc to win
upon the I'.mperor, lb tar as to return into his own Coun-
tty, and tiir that Purpil'c renewed his old Requeff, jiro-
naling to do his utmoll for the bringing both an Jbi^i^IrJb
and a Diiul' Trade to 'Japan, if he might be fulfercd to
g') home,

Hut the I''.mperor wa, too mucli plcafed with his Com-
pany lo htarLdi to any I'ropofal about the lofing of it.
Mr. /■f\l,im.< (liould have concealed his Skill in Mathcma-
tiiks kept his (irometry and Navigation to himlelf, if he
h.id intended to li.iv^ feen his own Country again ; he was
too ulciul a Man to be parted with, and there was no llopci
ol his Liberty, till he had quite loll the Knowledge of all
thole Arts that had fo charmed the Emperor. In fliort,
there was no going from him, and his Wife and Children
mull be contented without him ; yet he procured Leave lor
the Captain of t!ie Duic.b Ship he came in to go, and, to
make his Life .as eafy and ple.afant as might be, the Em-
|H'ior lettled a Lorddiip upon him, in which he had a Com-
p lis of I .ami to manage, and a Parcel of Slaves, to the
Number of eighty or ninety, appointed to do his Country
Work \ ami this was the Courie of our EHgUJlman's For-
tune in that Part of the World, as he himlelf has deiciibed
them.

10. .Ai to the State of the Country, and its AlTair.s, he
dots not t'-ll Us much -, he commends the Jnpnnrfe largely
tor their Courtel'y and gootl Humour, Valour in W'ar,
jullice in their cisil Concerns, and the happy Conllitution
ol the (iovernment. 1 le believes no People to be Mailers
Ot better Politicks than they in their civil Government, nor
have more Superllition in their Religion. They have va-
rious Sei^fs and Opinions amongflthem, and fonieof them
had embraced Chriftianity at the Time the Friars and Je-
fuils weit very diligently at work to propagate it in ilveral
Parts of the Kland. So fa.- they had gone in Mr. Alams's
Time, as to have forne Churches, and Profpert ot a con-
lider,ible Number of Convents.

'I'he CharaLter he gives of Trade is, that Silks and Cloths
are very vcnd.ible Commodities, and that tor ready Mo-
ney » AUi], according to his Relation, the Japa'.cf: have
when withal to be very good Pay-iralk'rs, and can aiford to
give the bed Rates tor a Commodity, having CM and
,^ilv( r eiunc;li in their own Country, a very hi'.ppy Pcojile
liiirly, in the common Acceptation of Thi'igs lince they
live in a pleafant Country, enjoy tin- IVnelit of a rich Soil,
and have belldes Mines whicii yield them vaft Qii.intiti.-s
of t iold and Silver. If any thing could have contente.l this
M.m out of the Limits of his own Country, and without
the l''n|oyment of the Converlation of his Family and
I'lieiuis he might alfuredly have met with it hi japnn,
wluie the King of Suriin^i^it, whom he called Fmperor,
treated him with extraordii'iary Kindiiefs, and rewarded the
Pains taken in his Service with a Magnificence truly royal.

I le ( mployed Mr. .Idfims to fail in the VefTel he had built
for him as lar as Mh, which our Author tells us was as
far as from I-fudjn to the I.-zr.nl, or Land's End. As h;.'

I'ucceedeJ

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l^ook 1.

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'uccrcilri! Iup| ^y ir tl
dirv-i'kd to bniilJ A lir^i r WiK I 4ti. it Uf En'iftun nuMur,
whicli au()rJui);'y lie tiul, Witli tliv Airil)iiiu<- ot I'udi ik
were ii.uKr hmi. unit >«li>i, lolluwrn^ his Inlhikti nt,
hiulhcil a V IV gt-«il Sliij., t>| the Utit iro nl one IuiikIkiI
1 iir>, ami tlut (he n*.is ii\ rviiy nli>i4 « very ci'in|'li.it
N.llil, j;>[H-arN Iron^ ilic I lr tlul nv.iv ■iliris*aril> in.iilr ot
hor i ti'i It III tl li out, ./«'V Domini io-mj. th.i' tlic Spnhtjb
Gowriii'i ot tlic i\/.«/. .1', (I'lDn in \ Ur^ t>.ill mi of om
flianLiiul '1 iin to hni. Sp.nM, \\\\ liriv.'n out ol his Coiiilc
hy J violi-iit Storm, *l,ul» threw liiiii (ii><)n the Loall ol
'Jjp.H, wh'.-fT airivin^ lit tlu' Ni|;hf, thi A n w, tiirounh
Itjnoramc, ran the \ ilVi I wn Shoic in liic Ijimile ol
.? r vt Noiili, I'v whn.!> uiiioiiimaii- Aiiuirnt oiu- lum
tluvl aiul thitiy lix Mi-i> wen- ilruwnrtK l\ii the (tovrnwr
wit!i thrrc hurn'ri'il aiul lilty inorr tua|x-.', aiui apphcil
llirinlMvrs to t!»r I'miK-ror, Ivlicihinn him l>i have C'oin-
|MlT'>.in upon chrm iii ihcir i>illixl>, aiul !> ali'ill thoni in
t'. r IXimn ot ptDttiJii'H li» AV,.- Sfiiin.

Ah till' y*/'(»*c^i, iMin ih. .MaxiniM'f ihvir tioviriuiH-nt,
w.rt- icvvr very »!crirouM't li.ivirit ni.inv Siiai.(<cts in tlirir
Dvinii'mMu, this Kcqmll ol ihr N/'.i >((/<• I «ovri nor was very
rfa.lily tomphrii with. An, I as Iikhi *s l*iovilion>. ami other
Nrecllarni loiil.l W \\\A to^rthpr, I'lr tiosemor aiul hii
Mm wen- cni!«.itkiil on IV>.r>l thf Ship whiih Mr. A,iam.i
III) llliit, in wlilili l!ify Uldy pMxfcle,! to , /.4/'i...(,. In
(iraiitiule tur this haWiur, llr* licivrmor, in l!i> Yc-«r
!■ 11, liir aiiothtr Slnp n I'.xJi.inp.r, with a great I'rc-
l.nt, an I an ? 'iilwHa.ior v\ W wiS, who ha»l Inltuitkions
lo (hank llir l'.iti|Mio, lot hi\ Civility, am) alio to iiukc
him a lai^c I'rtlnit.

It waiiii this Year alio liui our Aiiihur ha<l an O|>por-
t. ir.y, jiy the Arnvjj ol a huiil' Ship, \<> j^ivc hnConi)-
liymrr. in En»iand U>[W An mint ot hi> Advcnturrs and
ol the Coiuinion he waMhm in. I hn l.cttfr he .ulilullcil
to his unknown 1 nciuls ami Lounii\n\fn, ilefinng ir niiglic
l<r carrKil cither to l.imdtujt m.ti Ixmitn, oi to Giliinx-
i.im in Kent -, and in i!ic H Hiniuiinol :l he takes nitur,
that h- Wi, boMi at that lossn , ihjt at twelve Year* oij
he W.1S Ixiur.il Appniitur (.. Mr .\i,ti.'<i' /)/,iV""''i wh<im
Ivr Irivfd i*rlv( V' ai , 4ii>; s*a» uH'i wa»iK in her NJ.iRlly'i
l^ite'i hi.-.^-i/'.th's S IV, :, aiul ihn l|>ci.t eleven oi twelve
Years in Icrvitg the Mennanls win. tra.lrii to A'.itVrtrr, inl
I) iiij; kiiK lis ol v'.l'iiieg ihr t./LMift, ho we-i over to
H:.':.:piJ, anil there e-iteie,! into the Vivur of the J)ui,l<.

The (. o' uu(ioi) ol hit 1 ctier i^ >)(irr only luiii us, acj
th-reli-re I Ih^ii i^ive it my l< a^len n h;s i.wn \\ onU,
(hi- ii:ey may Iviirr tiii|^>e <it i!k- lirnn.s aiul t .ly.iuiy ot
t:, Mm, who ma-1e hull at ha ^-e la lUo Allans. I /,;;,;»,
an 1 prmured \lw. SiukrilKiU loi the Dntd; w;,ich *ith-
■ot his AlTirtanu, It i>, viry p.i.t .idle ihty l,\A mver at-
tjiiicd.

" N.,w, wlif-ther I lliji: o.mr uu ol this I ami I kn-iw
'■ not i lint. I trti luliit il,. te h.ith Ix rn no Means, Imt
" now thi(Hi:;h t! I ra>le .,| iJ.r /U.WiH.Ur, tJKic is Mejus.
•" In tin: Year ot our l.on! ii.i.'.|, i«o //oZ/ujiJ Shipsiamc
'• to ji:;!n, t!,cir Ii.i.niioii was to take the Lanark that
" Yearly lame from y\/.(.w«, auiI Ivmn tome live or (it
" I.Viys t'X) !atr, ncviithelils thiy taiiK Hi/ir.in.e anil
*' laii.' !■ (lie (...urt to i!,' I.tij.!.!!, sv.ieic they were in
" Bieat l-neiuMh.i' irinv, ,1. i oi.i!u.o;.iii!/, with tlic Imp
'" rur yafly i > m. : 4 s; i^, , , t^,,, 4^1 |,, ,|),y t!i.p.,rtnl,
" WiUi the hrt.iici..i'» pab, N„w, this Y.ar I'oi 1, thrie
" is a Imail hlrp arnvnl vul, ( |,„|., |,,„i, hltphanis
" Icrih. Dama'k, .ii»l baik I allai.es, law .Siik, iVpfier,
" am) other C.omm.»i'.iiH ^, .u. : id y |,,,ve Ihewnjl aule
' why iliry nulU.I the l..imer Yeai lOio, ae.or.hnaio
•• i';i ii.iit yearly to lotiu

" Hi:* ."ship is well r.ii tvril, aivl witli ^-r. at Kindr.cK
■' -•tcilaimo. ^..0 iiiall '.ilnl. lilalli', that th< Hoi.in.ien
" .'lavt heu an InJi. 1 ol .M.djcy, tiit tl.ty nrril iv-t to l.riii|^
" .S.lvrj ou ol lii.!'an.t to the i.ijl-In.lir.^ |,,i m'J.ipaii
" t'.ten IS niu h Sni.-r an.l Ciol.i to l.iseid u lurnsin
" oC!u.r |'.a.fs, ssh'K- Nti.l trvinifeth .11 tljr I- ,i,l- l„Ju; ,
'■ U.I (h Mc:ih.ii.il./e, wla.il i. here v luhliie lor icaJy
" M..-:y. u raw Snl, |).,iiulk, Mack laMati.v, j.Ulj
" ai.il te.l Ciot'i ..I the UU, laail, ae.i^ luih-lik- i.oods.
" .V> f^ow uiuUillai.itmn l.y il.s Uji,a>,,i Siup lately ainvi-d
" hvr. ri.-rr li a k-.ilcil |ja Ic Ji.vin '.y my Lovjnti.mcn

•■ ir li.e k.[ IhJi.i, 1 puliiiiK :o reai„.,n^i\ ihrm, ,„|,„
" Mi-i.h.ii.f-, Mailers, or Mai ners, mult lueili k ,ijw
" me. Ihticlorc I have emliol.irnaj niyiell to write
" tlule lew I inrs, n, (lioU, beir^t iieli,ou> not tu be over
■' tedious to the Reaeer.

" This lllaml of /.fd-r 11 a gnat Ij.,,'. and haii to
'• tie Northward in al.o, mA tli- t-pi.tlicrniotl HaituI h
*• in ,'.V'. and the l.eiij^;th ot u K hy N. and \V. by 3
" (lor Co It he- ) IS two hundiro and twcnty-i.ght I u('ui5
" I he Ureadlii Smitli nA North ol 11, thiiteen Degree^
" twenty l.eagu.s to the I>gr.e, is two n.;.ulrci| iixtJ
•' Leagues, and is ahiiolt li^tiai-. 'I lie I'copie 01 i!,i',
" Mand ot Japan .\H- (..mkI ot Naii.ie, e.airteouj above
•' Mcaliirc, and Valiant in Wai i iun J;ii|n.e u dvctt
•' ly cxeuitcd, wiilioutany i'arl.ahiy. upon Tianl^rcllors
*' ol the I.IW. They aie govimcd in j^iMt tivility J
" think no land better governed lu liie Woild Ly civil
•' Fo!k7. 1 he Kopic are very liijietllitious in their Kc-
*• ligion, and are cl divetl'c Opinionj. 1 here are many
" Jelims and hruMiijuiH Iriars in tins Ijnd, and they
*" converted many to be Liinilians, and liavc many
" C'hurciics in tlic Idand.

" Thus, in fhort, I am fonrtrainrd to write, iiopmg
" by one Means or i>ther, in I'rocrfs (.t i inir, 1 Hi.iii
" hear ot my Wile and Childnii, and to wiih I'atiencc I
" wait tlie gio.l Will ot (loil Almipjity, dclinngill t'.iie
" to whom tins my Ix-ttei rtiail ron»e, to uu the Mcir,s,
" to .1. qii.nm my jtiKni iTitnds svitli it, that l.j my Vutr
*' an.' t nildren m.iy htar ol mei by whuii Meai.s there
" -nay It \io]-^- that 1 may iicar of my Wile anJLiii.
" lircn Ixtore my Deatii. I'lie whu.h the l.oi.i pj.i; [,,
*' Ins (iloryaiul my Comtort. .-lii.oi. [).\u:d in ■/■;.:.
" tlir twiiity leioiu! of (MLhtr, ii.ii."

II. As (I'.ort as our Autlior's 1). lerij tion of '/-iiin nia'-
a^ (X'ai', it dt lirs'cs tome Notitc .in i hxplieatioi. j htte
IS iKj lioulit, tliat he extends the l^uitude ol ilijs Coiintrs'
Hx) high, wlun ht tells us, it rc.'...ir.s tj toify '.■i(;hr i).
grce'. i iHJt jx-iliaps he took '. .Mt he wrote iroi.i the inior
inatujii (;t the Inlnbitai t^, aiu. ^niijlit, l-y li;^ Lr^qj.uii,
as to t:i( DiHance tlicy luw l..il'd and iraveiiej .North, b-
Icil to tak.- the l.jiui ot Jfu^, 11 to lus Loiiiftutation ; ™'i,l
it to, we miy veiy ealily aixo*ifit Kr lus cMcmii;;; tiu-
Bounds ot J, fun into !> Iiigh .1 1 Jtiuide-, nn'i.fr .s lv~ to
tic olanu'd 1 lor tupiwliiig that Country a I'ari of tlie
LoMinent, and of liie I'.mpirc «t '/''/.;", lini- the Na-
tives were at that 'rime perluaiieii ot Uiih, .'.nd le:-.'
iliiei.ily in his Cirionitlanees ill- was lot likely to oiiiu'.i'.
any Utter Intormanun. I he lell ot Ins Aeeount h r.\aa
tnoU};h, and liie whole ot it ii app.irenily talojlated tu
invite tiie E»j>IiJb tiiither, by atloriliii^ them a l'iiilj..et'
of an a.ivai.iageous Commerce. It is pl.nn hkcwile, tlin
M'. ..'iL:mi meant by fins a'! iIk Seisi^e poii'ii.'; to Im
Country, and if if Ihuulvl l)e entjuircd wiiy iic iiuroiiiiied
tiie l)iil,l> t.hirr lirlt, tlie Anhver is very elear, a.u! very
cvjdet.f, l>etaule hr bad no Means ol writini; vj, or lor
relpvH.inng witli tlie t.nghjh, how iiiulIi I'oever lie ii( -
lireil It.

It isaiiovcry evident, tliai by Ins InLMiuiiCuonofthe/JK/.i-,
lie iii'Miit to titiiio'Jt Ionic Means ot eoi!el;-on'i::i;i wiih 1 :^
own C uu .11 y Mien ; and indeed, it was a very natuiai.Mcihu,',
hie he Came to 'Jufai in tlie Dulii Seiviee, and !u.i I'u
(»ther Wiiy of working Ins own iXiiver.inic, liut by ;li •
Means. Another natural aiul |U.L Ubicrvation u|)i)n Jii.
Ixttei r, mat he Ipeaks very hri'-lly ot 1-aCts, and w:t.'i
out mentiiiiiii.^ any lliin)^ Vj Ins own l-'raile ; in uiiieii,
waliout .iooLt, tie .iiitii very piiKlci.iU, and this tor iM.)
k<aluiis. ill tlw l.ri! I'i.ice, il i;e iia.l w,iveii a laiy: an!
toil Attount ot ih( Dutih betti nicnt, and of liic I'a.i.i
It loll liiiii to eliabiifli It, it would t rtainly iiave iii" !er-
ed ill- I eitii from n.rMni^ at ail fi th" Uanii< o! h;*
Countiyiiitii, by lading tiie J-alyulv ol the Duub, wim
wr:e ixtien.cly tiiu'.er ii h.iviiig ilxr Allans known.
1 ills li liic iiK.'e (iitain, l.ni- il.c latter i'aii e! a I.rtrt.-
wlicli he wrote to In, Wite, and sshali c.ntaicd a iaifjtr
.iiid mote lull Aieount ot liic Ati.uis of 'f>:p.iii, wa. .iciu-
ally toin oil, and drltroy-rd by idol-.- wlio were entrulted
v.itii 11. In liie |.:iund I'la'-e, lupp'.'lin^ iiii htlUe h.ui
Ik\i' more fortunate, and iia.l tejie.' dn-.liy to the iiar..^
of tl - trf.'ij., .< W'.'uld not hj"e rf'.«rTir;:aideJ hnn t>

,r ' '

liiV'tij*

..lAiinrnHlikiitBMriti

liook 1.

nran.,ni;ilthrm, fuller
'"•r>, mult luals k ,„^
•Mnial niyicll tu *^ntr
■■ vicliiou.s iiot ly be over

Chiip. II.

/»/ VV I L L I A M Ada

M S.

ii'yi

Rrcu l.n.'. and lia!, to

rii"t....tlicriiiolt H^itui ic

" ^ I'y N. jriil \V. byS

.imu\»t:my-i.g,litl,cayu,j

■til ol II, t!iiifi.rii Dcgrffj

V-l-. IS IW(; li.l.Klrt.l lixty
ui'. I he I'cojiic 01 tlii'i
t Naii.c, ouirtcous »Ujvc
II I 111 II JiiiliLc i> kvcie
,rl.,iliiy, uj-on 'iMnl^rcllon
Vimtit III i;i,-.,t tivijjty, J
riicJ I!, iliv. WoiU Ly civil
ry lu|>*rlliti()us m tlieir Kc-
>i>iiii«)iw. 1 here are many
rs 111 this Ijiui, and thty
lirilluiis, and i.avc nuny

mflrainrd to wrirr, liopmp
I'locifs (it limr, I iliiii
rill, and lo svith I'ati-nrc |
Mmij'.iity, ililirini^.!, ;', ,i^
ii roriK-, i<> i,u the Mens,
s ^^ltll It, that lo my \Vi|r
rr-.-, I.y whidi Mcji,^ then-
car ol ii!v Wiic anj Li:ii-
ic wliii.li tlic J.diii pail! [,-,
.iiiifn. l;.H«il in ^i/..''-

1011."

b I). icri[ tion ft '/-/(in m;i>
.in i l:.\iiluatic'i. i im,-
If 1 JtifiKic- Ol tills Co.inrn-
rc.i^ii'.i tj lorry •;ii;ht i).
It lie Wfv;tf Iroiii tlitr Imor

:lll;^llt, by li;> L:^iji;.iii.j,

i«i .itiii travciitu N'orth, br
to i:H ConijtJtut.on 1 .Wi.l
CMifit K I li.i CNlcniii;;; tiu'
.1 1 Jtimdci iiiri'.er .s Iv: to
at Country a i'art ol th-,-
: «.| '/iifiiii, lini- the Na-
ua-icii ot Ixiih, .'.Ml! iw.k-
I- w.n I ot likely to obtain
icli ol Ins AtioiHit h c.\jc:
it ai>|i.irtiuly taliuUtcd to
aironlin^ thiin a I'lDJpct',
, It IS j.i.iin likcwilr, t!ui
tilt Se|\i..f Jiuliiijlr to In

nquircil why he iniroiiind
bcr h vrry i.liar, a;ul vfry
a^^ ol wriiini» iq, or t-or
how inu.il lower he uc-

!^ Intr(>uuCuonottlieD«/ij!',
1^ ol i.'jirclj'or.'l.'M^ Willi !:,
[ was a Very lutiiia; Mctho.',
Duui' Sc-ivKc, and Iia.i ru
I iXiivcr.iiiie, inic by :ii •
lu.l Oblcrvation uihjii in.
Tr.liy ot lacti, and wit.'i
IS o*vii Prailc; in niix.'i,
luilci.tU, aril thii to.' ;n.)
lie had xivcn a larg: and
i niciu, and ot ihc I'a.i.i
julii t.iuinly have hi" fir-
ail f » \\v Hulu!^ o: h.\
alyuly (jI the Uuub, wi'n
int; il;cr .Athirs know:,.
I.c iatcu i'jK u! a l-tr;-
il wliicli Li.niaMcd a IJi-;^"
,l!..iii ol Jr.f.iH, Wii acui-
liiolc wiiy were cntrulted
liipp'.'dn^ liii h;-.itlc h.i.i
.■j!i-.- di'-.tiy u> tiic ilan.^
I".,- ir'.«rr;;jidcJ hmi i"

S6i

'' ,i.i

chcm, had If infilled on the Pains and Trouble lie lud
taken in procuring the Diilih i >SctlJcnwnt in tliat Coun-
try, .uid llKTftoif the longer, and the more aittiitivtly wc
i:onfidtr his Manner ot i'iocetdin<j, the more certain we
may be. that he aded in this Rdptit wuli all tiie Care
and Frccaiition, ami at ilic lame lime, wiin all die V\)-
rinhtnelj and piibiick Spirit that it was poUibli-.

h is from a juU Senlc of tiii<;, and Utaule I find no-
fhiiiR lliid of him liy any ol our ililliiruns, or C ollcfturs
ol Voyages, Glides what tliey have taken out ot his own
Works, tlut 1 Juilgcd it realonable in itiell, and a thinu
tli.it could not Ixit be agreeable to the judiiious and inteJli-

tlijt he propofed, and very wifely refolvcd not to heed the
I.oK tliey might fulbin by their lirft Cargo, provided they
miijlit lecure therely 4 fecqad Licence to fend an annual
oaip thither.

On tliL' other hand, Mr. ^Jaim had fuch an Intereft with
the pniiLipa] IVrloiw, and great Minifterj at the Court of
japan, that he foon brought them to confidcr the Dutch
ill that Light in wliich it was moft for their Intereft that
they fhould be confidcred There was at that Time a
Spanijl Kmba(r.idor at the Cou.t of Japan, who had a great
i rain, inade a Ipkndid Appearance, and took greai State
upon hun i lor wliicli Realbn the Dutch Supercargoes were

gentKeiul r, U,purlue .Ik Thread ot^ is Manjs HiUory, v^ry m-^^^:..^^^J^i;i:^^^^

l,y the Hep of l-oreign VVriteis, for !),</,/-, Portugu.zc, thcfr Negotiation , but Mr. /^;„; having taken he Affair

and .Span,h Authors have thought the Actions ol thi. Man entirely into his own Hands, turned this my In da "to

worthy ot bcmg recorded, t^.ough tlwre is to Imie lard of their Advantage. He reprellnted to the -jlponefe uZ

them by our own ; and indeed, the Atla.rs in which l;e l.Urs, U.at tins Upa.ijh Emballador treated them with an

wa.s engaged were of Inch a Nature and Ins Conduct lo Au of 1 Jaughtind. and Superiority, and rather diftated to

attraordinary, tlut we need not wonder at their t.ikiiig lo them his Demands, than applied to them for their Favour ,

truch aias, die rather, .1 wc conlider, that m ihe.r I urns whereas tlie Dutch were ablolutely a trading People, no way

.hey al lelt the J'.tletts ot hisManagemtnt, and ol ,the formidable to them in any refpecl, whodelired tohave the

Cnxiit he required at tlv Imperial Court.

12. in onliT to la this 1 lillory in a clear Light, it is
reijialite to go luck a little, in onier to lliew the Read, r
what Mr. Mavis has concealed, which ls, iliac it was by
his means that Diilth Ships were brought thither in the
Year I (10^;, and the 1 hing hapixned thus : When he found
.here wa-s no Hoik's ot procuring his own Liberty, hcnot
only ap|)lud, as he tells us, for the iJill l.aigf ot lib Cap-
lain, but ot another Dutch QlHcer, fuppoliiig that two
iave.s were better than one, in whieh he judged very right,
lor his Captain w.u, foon atterwanls kilLd, and it was tlie
other Ollkerwh arried theNewsofMr../(/d/fl.f'sL•'ilablilh-
mcIlt ill 'Japan .0 the Dutch Scttlemcntj, in the £„;.'- Indus.

Jt was in Conleijuence of this, that a Yadit, called the
Jjoi, V/.IS lent in t!i'. Spring ot the Year .lOoy, trom ihe
kivcr ol Johuie to Jap, in. This V'eflel arrived on the
Coall ot tiiando on the lirlf of July, and two Commillioneis
iK'ing lent to the I'.uiperor's Court, tliey, liy the Intereil
of Mr. AJciss, prouireil all they could elelire •, and having
iree Liberty given tliciu to traeie, laded on the _,jd of Oc-
tober, arrived at bantam on the Ull ol ^oi\mi/er, and Irom
tlienee continuing their W^yage home, arrived lately in die
'Ifxd on the ioth ot Jui) joio. It was on the Report
they mad-, tlut anotlu:r fmail Yacht w.is lent, whuh ar-
rived at i:y.'.i:do on the lil ot "Juiy i(>ii.

The til It tiling they ilid w.is to have Ivccourle to Mr.
/1dam> ; tor at their Arrival they touiid all things went very
uiitowarilly, at lead in .their tJpinion, who were nut at all
ulid to that lort ot Hehaviour which was pradtiied by th;:
'fapanffc \ a;;d theretoie diey abluluul/ rehiled to comply
with what \s.is demanded ot them, in giving a Lill ol the
Merchandi/x which tli( y brought to ihe Royal l-'aclor. On
tlie other lund, the 'Jjpai:tje were but inditrerently I'atil-
ticd with them ; tor, wliaca.s th. y ex; -.jcted an anni.al .Sliip
liiuuld have been tent, as there w.is, Irom Alacao, there
was row two Y'e.us eiaplcd, and but a very fnull Vellel,
and a Cargo ot very niourrate Value lent at lalt, w Inch did
not at all aj/rec witli th; IJuiuoufj ol the Japoiuy, who,
like mol^ ot tlie l'.allern Nailuiis, are e.xiccdiiigly caught
by Pomp and tiliew.

lo heal tlielc Bieaclies, tin- priniiiial IVrfons on board
the Shij) went to make Mr. .Idams a \ Hit, relolving to be
wliolly guided by ill. liilliiiCtions, bicaiilf, as the Dutci.i
Writer of this Voyage inlouiis us, tliey were very well

latistied he li.id as iiui.li or more Iiuercll with tiie Lnipcror this long Journey to Court, aiul tJiat w.ts an Exjinpuon
than any of Ins Minilters or NuL-ilicy -, and it was i>uiely from being vilited by the Inlpector of Commerce, by whoin
out of rel!)cCt to i.un, that .liter t:ien

any refpecf
Honour of lurnillung the F.mpeior and his Subjcfts with
futh Foreign Coivnnoilities as they .wanted, and were ready
to fub.mit to llich Regulations, and to carry on their Trade
under likh Rellriftior.s, as for the Safety and Welfare of
the Lmpirc ihe-y, m their great Wifdom, Ihould think fit to
prellrilic.

Uy this means, as the Dutch Writers themfelves confefs,
Mr. 4iU'ms wi ought fo eBe<flually in their Favour, that
tluiy were t very where received, not only with Civility and
Kindnefs, but with the greateft Candor and Complaifance,
while tht: Spanifj Emballador, tiotwithlUnding the great
Figure he made, was not only very coldly treated, and
made little Progrels in his Negotiation, but was likewiie
expofid to Civilities and Atirunts.

if he Piiiugucze Writers attribute alfo to our Countryman
.■iiiams ilie evil Impiellions that about this Time the Em-
peror began to entertain of their Nation, and particularly
ot the Millionaries, of which, however, wc find not the
lealt J'oDtftcp in either Dutch or Englifii Author : But, to
lay the I'ruth, it is probable enough, and what they re-
port is very conlillent with the Notions that are afcribed to
Mr. Aikuii by the Dutch Writers. In lliort, he did cx-
prels I'oiue Dillike to the Jcfuits, and when afkcd concern-
ing them by tlw lunpcror, he laid very freely, that they
were the Auchcrs ai all the Difturbances in Europe, and
that tivy had b'.en expelled not only Great-Britain, but
France, lor this Reafon. It is highly probable, that the
E.niperor might from hence take a Reloluiiun of treating
them in the lame manner, tor the Security of his own Do-
mmioiu:, but then it mull be allowed, he would not liave
thought of taking thi-. Meaiure, if he had not found tlv/u
Behaviour ii; 'Jup\ai jullify the Charaftcr which Mr. Mann
had given him ot them : But the Portugueze Writcis fay
nota Worel ot theC alumnitsfprcad by their Priefts, and th."
"japoncj'e Nobility in their Intereft, againft the Englifu and
the Dutch, reprefetiting both Nations as a fort of Pirates
and F'ree-b.;oteis, which might not only piovoke Mr.
Jilams to nuke tiich Returns, bur likewiie lay him under
a kind ot Ntceirny of clearing up thcle Points to the Em-
peror's S.itu.laUion. But to return to our Subjcft :

About the latter F.nd ui Auguft 1611, tlie Dutch, thru'
Mr. Uajih''. Intereft lokly, obtained a Licence to trade in
'Japan undei' the Fnipcror's Sea", in which, however, th.it
Claufc was wanting which chicily induced them to make

lull Differences witli
the OrfKer at the Couit, tiiey ha 1 obtained I .iccnce to make
their Appluaiion to tli.- F.mpeior. Un theii coming to
Court, Mr. Mam: oblerved to them, that liioiigh tlieir
Cargo was Imall, it v.ouki be reqiulite to make conlidei
alJe PreUiiis, lince it eleiK'iided upon thoir Behaviogr on
tins Occaliun, whether the lacence wiiicji he had piocurc'el
for tlicm to tiadc, thi uld boconcuiued, or fupprclled. I'lie
Luiglit he gave them into the Comnioduies hiuI Manufac-
tures ot the Country, .iiie! die vaft Piotits that iiiight be
made, by dlalililhirg themlllves theie, operated lo power-
Kilty on tlieir MmJ'-, that iliev caiiiv iijuacdatdy *Wo »11

N C M 11. r,'i.

they had Uen greatly aggrieved. This OiTicer, tho' a
very lud Man, had a very great Intereft at Court, his
Siller being one of the. Emperor's Wives; and the Dutch
found, upon Application to the prime Miniller, that he was
111 much atiaid of otVending lier, that he durft not fo much
as propole that Claufe to the Fjnperor, which gave tlum
great Concern, fince without obtaining it, they were not
.tuucJi inclined to make ufe of the Licence.

To obviate this Difficulty, the prime Minifter propofed,

that Mr. Mams fhould draw up a Petition for inkrtirg of

this Claufe, with luch Realbns as he thought proier, and

Ibould take an Opportunity of prefenting it to the Emperor

lu K w!wa

^--' . t

■'A-

HI fl-^li

'j*'- •■

iJ"':

hii5

-|-''
«'-^

■ I

S6i

.'IfNCiincl .liiouNt of the Aihcntura

Book. 1.

»lun he w,i< i;i a t»o<\! Huinour, inonurmj; that lie woiiki
i*i> lil irvhis F»o\vrr to liip|xnt it ■, anil aHiirini; liini at the
I'atrr tinu*. that hr h.nl writtfn (mh .1 letter d) thr Inliui-
ti.r. .vs.woukI prrviiit th' u mat.i-.f; with any Pnniiiltif*
f •)■ the prflri !, a Ivilin^ t'lriu to Ir avc the whoir AlKiir v*
til, Mana^cnirnt ot Mi /f .'..'"<, for whole Sucrrls ho would
ho a .Iwi-ralilci liiit all hr niiM lay hail no I'tVrfl upon thf
nf.'.d', thry wrre nfolvci! to tiull no Ixxly. and luic to llir
fn 11 Couit, till thry h.vl this Claulr inl'trti'd in tlinr
l,.i .-ncr.

To Utisfy thfm thercf'Tc, if it w« |X)Hihlc. Mr A.lmi
drew up a jroixT I'ctit on, and the- vrrv ntxr Dty pre-
lin:t\! it to the Kmjxrrcr hirwfc it, whoIr Conlrrt and Sr.il
he pnviirtd \ f . that I7 hi* Intfrrl> thr />»/./• obtained, on
their liil^ Apjtln Mtior, what tlir Vrrui^nizt wrrc never able
tu ott.ii'i ill \\k Coiirff ol !o many Vcai» i.\ thry had hrrn
iVftlid in /.'/iin, whifh c li:( h a I'loot'ol Mr. ILnts'y In-
iTtll at t.'iat I lUrf, X'' It It was not iT]iorfd by th- h-.iich
V.'ritp'* ilicml.'vn, woiiM Icanc ilrl>-ivc Ofdit ■, btit. m
If I";. I i!):nk there ran Iv no Ibrt i>t doiiht railed alxAit it.
All Things bine, thus Irftled to their Sati<fa<'hon, and
fvrry ihinp dn-.c fir ihcm that they muld defire, thry re-
tur'xd to hrr.tiio, ami ha^'ing landed their liootls, and
fettle! a I aMory iheic, they Tailed from thence on the jSth
of $'f:ir;]'fr 1 ' 1 i

la. It i* of this Duuh Ship, and her Rereptuin. that
. i.- Author ijKrai.s, at the Clute it ii:s Lyttrr, m Terms
' '-.ifh feeni [uirinilarly di tinned to (hew \m Countrymen
!i.iw e.'.fy a matter it wnild lie for thetn to ertabhlh a !•"«:-
r. rs- l;ke*if( n tluf F-rni'trr. I have taktn all th ■ Pa.n« I
r :;'.! to ('.ilciiVer how thi 1 rtters if Mr .-tJamt were ron-
v'fyrt; ut V.\r /^f.V'-. hi.; to verj- litfk- Turi>ol • -. tor all
t'.a? I ■.I", 'av upn:-. this Subjrtt if, that thry wire Imninht
t«> H^'ijm I'l til' I'^a'^'l of Jaxa, m ti.e M'Mtii o| (Jit„ifr
th- r.m Year, that is .itHo lietntni Uri;. 'I"herc w««
thrn there a confi.I.-rali!.* Numlier of kn^Iih Ships an.l Met
ihan:', to «|,i,ni thtfi Ixttrts were rta', and it was pre-
fe.nt'y a'V«d, tint Inch a-: Opiotturity w-as ntt to lie lull j
whtreujvin Capiai.": Jd'n >,tri', whom the I'frtkgHfZf
ar>- ptt.iiiAl to fall Sir H'::.';r.t, ini.n thtnce f:r Jayn.

He had on B.ufrt him (cverty tour hni^l'Jh, ont Spa'
n .:'.t I r.e y.; *!•':.•,;■, ard five l>t.!i<tn! ; and «)n the i.'th fjf
JuHUtin I' 1 5, he procieded on his Voy.ipe. On :hc lall
of thai Month h had Si{;h: of the ^rrat Ifland of Cf..'beSy
paf1'<d l..'.piii!y thr'.ugh the Strap n ot ficutm, and to
war *s the r.nd 'A the Month ot hrrruan reachid the Mj-
luid) : He made fome Sta/ tiit.-e, thju^h he was but in-
diilerertly treated by the i)u;,l' On tlie 2 -th of ./rri/,
he f.bfeived an rxtraordinaiy I-.< h] Ic of the Moon, al>oiii
Swn in the Mornirj;, wh;t;i. he fays, lalled tlucf Hour^
it'^ an ha:} On tfu- tit^l ot 'June he palf-d the Tropick
of Ciiror, and on the ninth i>\ the l.titie Monili had Si:rht
lit th.e l'^in^ of XiDic, wh:' h is .r.e of ir>e Iflandsot Jitpan.

O'. t.'> eiev'-nth h'

<rrive

at Hrm.h, arid \\ai veiv weii

reieive*; . but found it, hnwrvrr, imjionible to «lo any
th.p?. '. . f'.e Knif? had f'-t to aciju.nint Mr. /fJams with
his .\:;;...l, *\>t .sa', sl.'-ij at L-Lo, th:ee hu; Ir'd Ix-.ipuf.
fion' •'.?:.'• I !v. Mi'i'.'-.ifv .', ir I em*, dt.l ii</t make i.>
n..<. .'. I lalle a> he oiipht f.i hivedo;-.'., and th'relorc ih
Kivr vipon hi- K< t'.nti, f-t t lum into Biniftiment.

C)'-. the 2:,th r.f JiJy Mr. .I.ttmt irrivcil, and Captmi,
>ji IS conftrre.i sMth him .lUvit thr Means ot leitung a

' the Pfoljcci th-:; was of iiukint.; it worth then

■Jfi.l-

aIiI'o IT- was tolii i.[)o.r-. th;. Suhitd, that tl,'- C'ornmerei
<f '7'!;:i!, like tha: r,| rh.- reU of thv \Vor!d, w.is lomc
i.:r.t-v more, fomennv \r>- pn/niaMi- -, but that, howevft,
t .voyld l>e alway? I'liinrf w>jnh ^hc f'eckinj.;, ami worth the
k-p;'-; t(/() Heir I ranru but obf. rvr, that in l.aptaiii
>..'r;;' t)pinion, Mr .ld.tmi had adjured a great .Alfcction
I jj that C ''.intry, m whith he had now Ijxiit ntar twelve
Vrat' This w.is a Remark natural rnou;;h to niak'-, for one
u),o wai rot ace minted, either witli hiiv, or with the (,>.un
t.-^v. ' it the lluuh and /'r/rr/Fi/^r Wriitis, sshu, tor vkhat
KejI/ii I know not, alwuys ihle him .Sir H'tlium JJami,
I'j. .rt him to h.ivc tjcen a fVrlim of ;;rear Probity, and un
I iemifViid Charaiflrr, and, wic, whotr Candour and .Smte-
i,!y Pia.''.e him h'th'y t!>ermH, even I y fti( h .is lond.lered
hi.m ai f'..ir [-..ieiry : !1l'. Captain iijnj (ircnis to have

li'okcd upon !iim as a tiKrc tw^.i,'?. I'dot, 4,„| ,|,„„,„^j,
much his Inferior, withom tonlimrinc; that his Cinum.
llames were tu.w vety nni, !i . harj-eili and ilut thrr, tore
he ou<'ht to h.ivi- Ih.h lookid uj . ;, .is .1 kir.i! -,1 MmiiUr
to thr l-'iiipcor <'l Jiipivi.

He took his Aiivicc, howrver, and a,;rf,d to po wuh
liim to tie Kmperoi's Court, to sshuf, !,(• was the nunc
readily induced, by the Kinp o( l-,r,mio'n ofVermn hmi .1 1
kind of tcnvenientie* for his Jouriuy |K c.irru,! \^\i\
him I'tileni^ fir theTmp-ror, rhe bmprror., Son, tlin
prmv Minilb-r', lor the Jiid_«e at ,V/,-,;,^ |,,r the Atliniral
and tor the Trraliinr ; all of which aiiKHintrd luReiher tj
the Vahie of n.-e hundred anvi e'f.hty IVuiivls, sOiuh Wa$
no mip.hty Sum to ex[»cnd for puHuiing the hivilci'u
which Ik txjsected 1 {^^it it will be ni ne agrer.ihle to the
I)efip,n of this Work, and at the fame time ssi'l atiord
more I'nten.iinment totl'# K<-ad'r, to nive tlie 1 »tiK>rv ot
this Jot:r;iry as i.eai .is may Iv. \.\ ( aptain .san/s own
Words, which I the mon- rralily .M, iiecaule he lus iicen
abvays conliden-d, .\m\, I tlunk with i^iukI K.alon, .« unc
of the moll fenfil''le of oui <it.; Writir., and 1,1 wl.olc Tra-
vels we tin.! th; lew< '.I Millakc'.. I lius then he relates the
Story of his lourmy.

We lit Sail from J iranlo, and pillld by Icver.i! Illam.l^i
the moll Part are very well inhabited, ai.;i had lair Towns
u|H)n tlii-m. 1 Of the lull of Note that we pi.t m jt was
l-uttaif, a vrry lar(',< .\im\ conliih-r.ibie Pi.uc, not luui h lets
than LnttJov; wiihin the \N alls very well built, and locven
and uniform, that one mi^ht ke from one Tnd ot aStrai
to an(«her. It hat a fifonp. Stone Callie, a poui Diuh,
and a Draw-btidg. , all kept 111 very i;o<h1 Kep.ur ; l>iitno
SoKlier, ir Ordiwiicc As tor ' >;i;riante, iiuiicj, i did
not to WW. h woniier to flfkl none, iiiue tiierc was r.o inch
thinp at i-trunH0 1 and 'tis a Ion ul iiulitary Tur.iiHjfc tliat
the Japonrft .ire wholly with<Mit. .\il alonutliis toail, an.l
fo up to Ofua, we found Women tliat lived wit 1 their
whole l.smilies ii|soti the W .tier, p/ttin^; then I iv i.n od
by Tiniinfr, at wliich tlvy >s.ic sny ipeat .Xriilts , im
th'y ha. I tsso .'■iriiif<s to tin ir How, ai'.il 'iw.ii rcxt to im-
ixjldlil- foi the I'ldi to f f ayic them i tor wh.it tliev inilif.!
witli then TinM .u'd Nets they would dive Icr, ami ntch
that Wjiy withoor i.ili and ti.w they wcild dowit.'i lall?,
to the IVpth of (iRiit I at horn 1 liclc Women arc v.ry
ealy to U.- kiioc/n Iioni .dt oth r«, (or ly continual d.viig,
thiir T'yi , were th ir.frly uitcnd, and lookui as red .i,
K<hk\ ; ai; 1 by th;s 1 oken the c.isinp, Women a;c tliitm
pMiih'\l in JiipAt.

When we laded the Strrighis ot X:minj]«qtti, tlirnex:
'Town ot note we ian\c trj was 0,,tc,i, nothing inlirior lu
tl!" former in CotDjalt and Dmicnlion', .ml or;: ot the
print ipal .S-M-jxirts ot the Inipire. litre's a Kivc:
comr : up x^ If as Wide as the ii-.imn, and I -vera] very
line 'linhKr-Hrisl^es hiil over it. It lias a Callie very t.v-
tra<-rdinary t.ir Kignclk and itreiij^th, with very deep
'Trenches alx ut it, and lirveral D.aw-bridgcs artiiicially
ina<!(, andtftatcs lo Itrongly plated with Iron, ai may
f'-em to bid ilchanee to any iiatteiy m the VVorid. 1 ii ■
wlu.lr Ruildint; ot the CalUc is ol Tree llonc, and the
Wa.l-- are of tiir lan-.e ■, but a ir..ittci ol tevcn Vanj'i tiuck,
and puc tijR'tln I without any .Vlo.-tai, ur Leincnt , thj
Stones Ixini' U> natly tut, as to he jwrtci-tiy dote toge
thrr, ai.d nredi no other binduig -, only it there hap[e:^
to be a voiit Sj'.acc any whcie, ihey liirow a htt'e Turth to
till up the L.cv.K i aiid tti,it\ all ihcy do. Ic is rei;iilai-
ly lontrivtd, lircngthncd wiili Uulssaiks, aiU IJatileinent ,
with K'(<Hi .Store ol I i^ip holes lor luiall Miot and Ar-
rows , and varm i, I'jllui'cs lui the ihrowiii;', out ol Stums
ujKin fhoU that lliouht sohk loattrmpt it 1 and one sv(;u!d
i-alily l<rlKVc it to Ix- a iiiigiity itioi's^ aiul t;cure Biiild-
inj?, wiili.Hit havinp, a partii ulai Ai.ciiuit of it, when one
liia/s wlui i;le th< Imii] 101 puts it (><, and withwliathn
jxjrtaiu'. the J SSI I u Jici. kipi in Lite C ulloily.

In Ihi^i, here hvts ' lot kM up 111 the C allicy the tru.
and gei.uiiie Heir ol Jjpcn ; here, 1 lay. he hves, but
lu h.ij'py as to !«■ igiioraw ol his rca! C^ulity, Kignti.
and )ult Pretenfions ; tliou[;h, at rhe lame tunc, to Uli
lotiunat.* as (o Ik* excluded It jin them all. 'The 'ruth ol
t!ie maitrr is, tli - |.iel;.i:t i-.:ii))ei.>r is an T'lurpcr, .lll;i
lltpiK J iiity ihc 1 i.njiit, Ul a way ;;.>: oiily i.uiiu.iiy W th'

J.JW

.,1

Chap. II.

of W I I. F, I A M A

n A IV! s.

I,iw ol that Kinp;.lom, but th'> moic fccret onM of ttfr-
nal JiiHirr ami Rc.il.m. Th<: oh| Fnipcmr, whrn ho dirj
l.lt this Son, thni M\ Iiil.mt.iin.hT thu Care ami Tuition, .1
(mir prinfi|ul Nohlnnrn i whrrrof Oj^^yZis/iw;//,,,, tin- mi.
r<at I'.miK-ior, wa-; one, and thf chid. W,- ,)t|„T ihivr
Hovcrnors Mrn of Intrif^ucand ill Principhs, and lond.r
hy tarot Ilitt!rini5 thiir own I'ridc, and Anibition, than
,Miiiar[;in-;tli'ir nutiew)( a larrcd l-rull rommittal to
tin Ml, iivulf I'll tnilions to tht; Sovereignty, and nut in
lor the Crown thenilelve"!.

In (ij.iwfition to whom, as alio to alTcrt the Kii-hts of
the .oyal J'upil, ({i^o/I.iofimtm took up Arms; and having
inin.ly routed the other J'ntenders, had the liipKiue
I'owfr, fuddenly clapped all into his own har. Is; and imw
thecharmin'r Opportunity fold him, h- had as Rood he
I'lni'iror himlllr. All his Competitors were removed
out ot th- Way. The true Heir vas incapahle of un.
ik-rilandini'; and rcdrcllint; his Cafe. All the I'ow. r was
hi. own i and lie wanted only the \ame of an I'liiperor
w'.ieh was r.) very fmall a thing, that he refolved not to
W without that any lonj;rr. 'J-hc yoiinf; IMnee he kept
nlvays alnnit limi, and in perfe: t Ignorance of himfeff,
ar 1 his Uelatioii to the Crown, furferinp; him n> know no
oilier, Init that he was hii Son ; all that are aliout him
being fiich a; the prefcnt Kmperor has broii[;ht up lioiii
i',-;r CYklle-., and fo not able to give him any bctirr In
} i.ni.uion. An t fo make all Hire, when he was gmwii to
Years, he ni.lrricd him to his own Da'i;;liter, and li) ec^ii-
iKie.l them to th<' C'allle rf Oj'nai, where tiny live like
the Children of an I'in;ieror, as to all I'oinf. ol Stale and
Crar.'.eur, only I .ihe-ry ; thir fweetcns all the rell j civil
I'uhry is pKafed to deny them.

Over againft 0/:;c.7, on th- other lide of the River, lies
another great Town, ealled Njrjy, a I'laee of very gre.it
Trade for all the Wes tlirreabouts. At Fujhiml, to wliu h
we came next, we found a (iarrilon of three thoul.iiul Sim-
iliers, appointed for the keepingromeol thefe I'aits ingood
Order. 'I'his (iarriliin is fhittcd t very three Years ; and' the
Change happening when we came thither, we had the
Advantage of feeing foniething of the Rules of their mi
litary Diicipline : they generally march no more than live
a breail, and to every ten files there's an IJ.'licer depiir. d,
who regulates the March, ami keeps .ill m pcrteft 0,d. r.
Their Difpifition, according to the Qiiality ot th(ir Amis,
i- thus. Finl of all march th'ir Shot, that is, C'aliev.:',
tor Mufl.'.'ts tliey have none, neither will thry ui'c any \
then follow I'ikc's, then Cattans and Targets, Bow« and
Arrows, Waggnlafhcs or I fooks, and lallly Calievers ag.iin
chfe the March : and among all tli- fe they have no Co
lours, Diums, Trumpets, nci any fort of waihke Muliik,

The 'Jjpour: 1 Inili-s arc not larv, or hig'i, but ol' t!ie
S:7'* rif our nil Uling Mort'es, fliiali headed, aiul e.xtrenir
Iv full of M'ttle i and, in try Opinion, l.ir bcyoiil
S''.!'itih (!enn ts both in Ibfily t arriage auvl Spirit. Th ir
Sildieis obf'TVe very good Ort'ei upon the Road, aiul
.'■le io cxa.'^ly gijverned, th.it tin y are as welcome at the
f ililicl; Iloufes .IS any fiuel''^ v.'hatever ■, r.o Man is in
rf/- I'Mll dil'uibed (,r lacomnif) led by tin in; ihey t.ik ■
what they find, a' other feopl- do, and p.iy tiir ir witlioin

86^

.' y quarr'.ing : The Roa-'s are very well turnilhed wiili
I lollies of b'nt'rtainmeiit ; and when ihcte .ire Soldiu ,
..pon the March, they provide X'ictiials lor tliem j loihai
thrv h.ive, ar an Inllant's Warning, what they want, and
at very ch'Mp K:iti;s -, a Dinner of good, whol.liime h'ood,
I'ld '•iious/.h oi Im from two Sl-.illii'gs downward, to one
l':!i."y.

The l")i;r generally 'liW tlirough the Country is Rice
ofjtveral "lorts, the wliile being counied the bell-, lulh,
trrfh and fi'red, lleihs Ra lllhe^ Hews, Puck, Teal,
I'hcnfant, Partridg'-, Qiiail, and fowls: Of Bealhthey
have all tijrrs ; of lleer, wilii Boars, (loats, and black

(. artl
.1,

Ch.-.'l'e alfo in great Plenty, but Butter they
make r.one ; n- iiher will they ear any Milk, becaiile fluy
clfr-m If 'lie Kiood of tilt .Vmin.il ; and, for what Rraliin i
know nut, they will not touch a Bit of any tame Bealls.iho'
they have tin i;i m abundance. Their Wheat ought not
to be forgotten, which is as plump, and as good as any,
'our all of the red Colour. We did in our travel, buy Rii e
at a Halt-penny ,'■•''■ l'o>'n*-l i H<^"s and PheaUius, the

"fl' and fattelf, for three IVnce a-picce -, Figs very
urge lor a Shilling •, .i fat Hog for Hve Shillings i a good
Ox for lixteeu Shillings ; and a Ooat at three Shillingq.
K Pi inks III miuell 111 thin Country are only the Spirit*
'IiIIiIImI liom the- Ri.r, v( ry llrong, and of the Colour
"t f iinary, and common Water, which is the common

)i ink of the poorer lort of People, that can't reach to the
I ruv ol other I .iqiior. They always drink their W atcr
w^irm, .m\ lay tlut 'tis good to kill the Worms in the
Maw.

Our Motions being directed loSiiran^n, where the Em-
p Tor thru kept his Court, by the latter I'.ud of this
Month we had gone as far as our Way lay l-.y Wat 7 •
and 11..W being to flnidi the Remainder of our Journey
l>y I .and, we were furnilhed with Horl.s, and all Con-
veniences lor that [lurpolc, at the Emperor's Charge.
I had alio a Pa'ankin or one of their SecLius provided fir
ini', .ind a Ir. Ih .Supply of Men drawn out of every
Place lor tlie carrying mc therein, when I w.as tired of
my ll"ili i and, lor the greater State, a .SI.ivo anpoinf-
cd to run with a Pike belore the Palakin. The "King's
Hui)iii)vis alfo went before, and took up our Lodging
upon ih.' R.i.id. This Part of the Journey was very plea-
l.int and c\ly» the Way, for the inoll parr, is exceeding
I veil and pl.iin •, and wherever tlcre was any rup;t»e<l.
moiini.iiiK.us (Irouiid, a lliiooth level Paflage was'^cut
ihioiigji If. 'r hit lo.id is all along good Sand and Gra-
vel i 'us divided iiu.5 T-cigii .'s fur the Bciielit of Travel-
lers) and at every League's End are two fmall Hills
rail'.d, on citlur fide one, and upon each a fair Piiic-
Tiee j.lautcd. 'The Pelign of wliich M.iik is to m.,!:-
I'r.ivcllers (ompi'fciit Ju.';',.s of tlie fxngiii of their own
Jouiiiiei, \\y.\\ (luy m.iy not be alnifed by the Hacl'.ncy-
mni, and (hole that let out Horles, and Io pay for a
gre.it. 'r Number oi MiK , than they have ro.le.

All .ilonj; th" Hoad you meet w'lth Multitu^lcs of I'eo-
>le palling and repailing, and 'I'owns, and plealant Vii-
ip,es, l''arms ,ind Country-houles ; and Ibnutimes Tem-
ples, Handing at a little nilhnce, in Ihady ( irovcs, with
the H.ibif.itions of the Priells round about them. 'I h.e
moll iinple.ilant Sight we h.ul, waF the Sinht ( f the Ma-
lelai'iois, l.iilent 1 upon Crolles, n.Mr all the great 'Towns
wlieic ilioie bxc'Ution. ii.id b.'.n jiertonucd. Crucifying
IS ,1 veiy common Pupillimcnt among them at ydpoi:\
.ind, as they manage ir, 'tis fome Ibrt of PunilhiiKv.t to
Travellers too, to pal's by a Multitude of 11 .ilbme, p.utri-
tyinp; Carcilles ,ind Bodies •, belidcs the Horror of tiu
Si.i'jit, to hive the Piilurh.ance of the Smell iholl- liodits
yiel.i ; .And we had the woril Trial of all whin we came
to S:ir\i)iy,! \ there were CrolVes, ScalVo'ds, and (Jibbit.s,
I le.i.ls, C.ircalles, and Limbs, hanging about in Io many
Pl.iccs without the City, that our I'leallire in going alor.g
was gre.itly h ller.ed. Sunm^^a I'eems to be as big as Loii-
,/t"/, even taking in the whole Comp.il's of the Suburbs :
The oiitei P.iri' of it we louiid entirely taken up by Mc-
ch.iuicks ,iiid .Ariiricers ot all forts, who arc pl.iced tliero
Io, the Tali' ,ind Q^iiet of the genteeler People, and don't
(.ire to be dilluibed villi the Noil.: and Buttle the oiiieis
m.ik" in then Trad.es.

.•Mt'T a Rep ilL' of a Pay or two, I went, with all mv
Comp.iiiy in a Body, to the CalHe, to have Audience of
the 1 niperor, .md to deliver the Prefcnts intended for th..t
Court \ I was introduced by two of the greatelt Men then
III Atlend.ince, the T.mperor's Secietaiy andliisAdirjir.il.
Tliele led iiie litll into a wry line matted Room, wliere
we lai down for fome time, arotding :o their Ciilloin,
upon Mats •, then they brought me into a Chamber of
I'relence, wlu re flood an empty Clia (;t State, to which
I \\.\\ obliged ID do Reverence. Alter lome lliort time,
wo^l w.is broui'.ht, that the Kmperor was come into the
Room of .Audience, to the Poor of which thefe Courtiers
brought me, but ilurll not ])rfll;me to look in themlelvcs.
The Cullom i-, lor all tlie I'lelents th.it arc brought to be
pliced in Older upon the .M.its ol tliat Ro.mi into which
the I'.mpeior comes •, and .iccordingly, when I came 111,
I found them all in a very ordeily manner laid betore him.
I le received his Majelly's lAtter with the Civility of th.u
Country, lilting it up towards his Forehead, and then, by
his Inlcrpicter, bid me wckome : Uedelired nic to go

and

i ft I

( >(

;'iv H

*: <i' 'A

!1 J

864

.1 fuaini'i Aii'yiifit of the .llnntHrcs

Book I.

'Ml

%\\

IN ;■

iS\

t -I'

\ <

jTti frr tlif King hi« S..n a( I-dJ>), (witli ill Uic N«tiL-
ricJ, lor whuh JmirnrN lie »iAiKl uki- uic tx lurmdi i\u-,
and by that dim I fclurncJ, l>i\ I Utu* IhouJJ In; itjjjf
ibr u.jr Kiii)i

Ihf AriKifi riUiiiig u> TuAc iiul l'riviMi<c, »»Iiii.l» we
rtqurUnl hw M.»|rlly*» Comunuiuni ol, Hue all cjlily
granted liy him. oiif "i>ly iXirjiL»l, rcljxciing the Chi-
n^t . I( »*» Id itiii l'urp)li-, I lut wlirrc at tl>e (Uunfje
)u«J rctiilril all 1 m W ami Coiuiucni- v,i:'.\ the tngUUi,
\\ wr >nili! tjl^e any ot tliroi .ilitoa.l at S. .i. it inu;l>t be
lawful fi)r u» U) liriiig tlutn iiHd 'Jetton, mm\ nusc Ule
ol the (io«xi», lo lAkrn, in hi\ Majflly % IKuninioiu. 1 liii.
thf lnv,>cr<T grantctl u tinl v but liii Muul was aUrrcU
olurwan'.s by a ConlcrtiKC with the Ambaila.lor nt ChmJ,
anil h. fckilctl to aliuw it. I lu- ttll all |uiU\i viinlcr hit
Orcat Scal.which nnot ol \Na\, hkc oursl'Ut llaiujicil like
a Print, and coloured rc^'. 1 he Scurtary would take
ao Ftffcnt, nur any tiling !;« a l.raiii;!y Irun us . the
Kiii^<ror, 11 frinu, had ».onnunlcd the *un«taiy, and
'twas a» much a« hi> l.dr wa» w»>ftli to ilo it.

Having Ifcri thi* Bulincli i,lonc, wc let out tioin Sit-

Swii, the voui g K:ng, kcrp* hi» C»jt)!t 1 he Countiy ii
well inhabittd between tlide two Citui i the lii*i»» .Utd
Villages he ihiik, aid t..- lot<iqut-,or 1 cnl^)!i^, li attir-
ing \t\) and down in ^.khI NuiiiIhts too. Ihcrc'i. oik
iiiighiy Iirogc, 'wh.ch thry tail Dui/u, that lhiu.!s in thiii
Road, at »!iKh all thr /,ifcn(<( lldp lo |uy t'»i ir Pcvo-
Uoa<i, »hrn tlicy g<ithis*..y. It is ivuilc < t Cu(.j.,tfr, all
hollow wit;.ir, tho' vi-t)ti.i*.k 'lis i.i thcSliaj^ ol a Man
kncclmg un the tiuuiid, with lu>. BiutiKks rolling «)!i his
U«.U, aivl his Arir< txt.ndcii : Hi- li n| :tlti.ii.d wcar-
irg a (juwp, at\d notwiilulaii'.ling tlut lx:iu!tng I'olUirr,
» twenty two loot lioin the I.tvcl ol the (niHiiid, M\d
all the B aIv fuoj'jrtit.): ally laigc. Sonic nt our Mm *cM
tato the bo.ly ot it, and ihrn liil a holiovMng and hiiup-
ing ; thr Noile ut whiih, out ol the wide Mouth ul titc
liDagi', was ntuih lnwi agrctal>k- loci ul Mui'irk u, 1
U iicvc, wa» made l>y I'i^Uru'i hii/xw Uiill. It l' iiuis
(onvcnicnily to entertain the Devotion ot J'llgruits in thm
I'alTage t.i the ccl bratni I cnu'lt ot teiul^d^ty -, tor tlicy
aiways nuke a {Mult at /J.i:/;>, ijut tins i» bm a llight Cc-
rciiHjfiy.

It 1$ at Tfinitday'i Tnnplc the preat Work u Cn 1*
do've, and the IM^nnu cxpcvl to receive the Urwa/d ul
thru Travel. Anil lure one may meet all lotts i<t l'eoj)lr,
nch an.l (xiur, found and di'dcint>^rril, coiiiiiiually con)-
ijig and going thither, and mat l^y Night, as well as by
Day, and all the Yiar rtr.iivt. A.Hiut iIk- Mddle ol th t
Mocth WT tame to hii.-s, a C.iy niuili iar^' r tiun .'■«■
rjn^a, I obi'.T 111 Its Buiklings, and cvrry way more glo-
rious in Its .X J 1 pc ar J r.tc 1 hi" very l ik-s ot the Huulei
arc gilded, aiui tic Foils ui tiic Doors Irt oti" wun Ihui-
iiig Varniih. 1 iiey have no Oials- windows, but all ol
Board, which open in I-favcs, anl arc vtry dcinatcly
paint' .i : 1 iicre's a Lau'cway mis thro' tlu- ehict btxtct
in tin (.ity , wlmh Street n as bio.d as any in knj^knJi ,
and a tin: Kivir paiies alon^ i), or i.iiiier u'.dctiiraih (he
CiulTway i at cveiy Idiv Paits tlitrc's a Wtii-head tub-
tiar.tialiy tittrd Hp ot licc-Stonr, am! provide^ii wiili Buik-
tt» tor ttic I'rt/pic, in cale ol any lJ.»iiger by lue. I he
Caller (t tilts City is a inu' h lUoug.i aiui nobler I'diiJLC
tha.'i that of iurarfo ; ai.ii tht yc.ung Kng hvf. n. iiiw h
greater -rate, a^d has a ii.orc )ioiii|<<''.is .XiiLiidaiiec iJ.aii
tl:r l-inpfior t.us FaUui.

He irtdvcd us 'II a very otiii^jiLj, MaM'.<~r, taking tiic
Kii4;'a i.eitti) and i'reUr.ts witi. a svoiulcrrU .Saiisla^uoii
a;id (.ontcnt, aivil c;ivii4^ us ail tht: Wchoinc iniagmaiJc.
Hr gave us l.rttrj, tor out kin^!, aiul a I'tiltiit ol two
inc:it: Suits ot Jafi-H AniUMir, In.', ly vjriullLcd, and along
hwuid lur mylclt ■ ' I i^ to bf nott il, that ihc Caiiaiis ate a
common 1^ca: , but tiic 'lalains, or I'Mig Swi.ids, arc
worn only by great .Soldiers, and I'ciluii oj tJie bcU Ac
(oui.t. it n laiit to Lc no Iris than twenty-two Days
Journey, on Hoifeliack, troni this City ot LJuo to the iiiotl
noithrni Fart ol [fnfcH, whith makes it a l.ouMiy ot a
vail |-.At'nt. Ou- Buiu-ris hri;r bcifig uo tnoic ilaa lii'-
la.ing a Cunplcnx-iir , Ahu-h, being done, wc iiad iu>
tu. LIU i CK. alio! 1 ot Itay^.g. and having j^s«i ti<t> FiUKoio

I itirrs and i'lel'tW^ lur ihc King of A";y/a)iJ, we *cri
luik to SuiMj:,j, when wc 4f»tvid aj^ain at the 1,,^ ^[

ih:> Miuith.

\Vc wtit nut ubligvd to wait lung in lliw Lity; fyr oyi
Dilpattk-s, tlw l-iiipeuiiM/-tta,ai)d tlie IrlliuiiKiit.coi.
taiiiiiig our I'rivilcgcs and thi.- linm upon y^JiiUi ,^,
Skcn to cllabhlb a I aaoiy m y^;.//, Uiiig. ihtu" tli. Can,
In.iulliy, and Interell of Mi, .lUim, b,,tli fpcedily aiul
itlVLUullv dil'paithcd , to that wr iiad no tialoii to com-
plain ciihri ot the Delays or DifapLuiiiiMiiiitj that arc
ulually iiKt With tt Courts i and ot whuh *c uiderllcwHl
by Kt|>ort, that ol /.i/xx i» nut more fuc tliaii uthcrs, ii
ui)c has not J gocxl Agrnt, a* luckily tor ut we lul.

A Iranilation ol the I'.nijx-ioi'i letter, and ot the In-
lltunicnt, tonuining oui 1'iivil.ges b, for the Satisljciion
ut (he Ucadir. annexed, and will lulli>i ally Ihcw huw >Mli:
and well nginatcd a (luvnuiicnt that is by wtmh thiy
vseir granted. U is iualVary to oblerve, that tho' this
Vcilioii IS not hliial, yet it is very llna, and ixprcnii
the M> ailing ot llif Original veiy cxaHly, lo that cfv Snfc
and .S^iut ol clicle 'Jf^iurjt I'ajxrs nuy be licaily awnc-
hcitdcd thereby,

■la tit King «/ G kl'.A I -UR ITAIN.

" V7" Ul.R Maielly's kuid Ixuer lent mr by your Ser-

"■ \ vant Captain Joi!9 Suju ^*lul is the t'lrll that I

" have kiii>wn to ariivi- in any I'ait ol my Uuiiiu ijiij; I

" luaiuly embrace, Uing not a liiilc glad to iinJciltaiid

" ol your gr;at Wndcuji and I'ower, as luving ihice plea-

" tdul and mighty Kingdoms inulu your puvsalul Cum-

•' mand, I .icknowlcdgi- your Ma^tlly'i great Bi.ur.ty, m

" iriuiing me lu undtleivcii a l'telei,t ut many rare things

" luehasmyl-andalloidelh not , luiiher havclcvir b:-furc

" letn, w Inch 1 receive not as Itom a Stranger, Lut as fryui

'• your Majeily, whom I dUeii) as tiiyitll, dtl'iiir.g tl.f

" Continuance ul Iriendlliip widi your liigluitbi aiv.ltliJt

" it may tiand wuli yuur g<xxi liking to linJ your Sulv

" jrcts tcj Any i'art ur Fort ol my Doiiunioi.s, whete tiity

" thai! be mull heartily wtleuuie, applauding', iii^vh dirtr

" WortJuuel's 111 the Ad'uiMi'i Knowledge ot Navi^.uitii,

*' having wall liiijLh lacdiiy ildioveied a Counii) lii re-

" iixxc , being no sslnt ainajLid wi.ii the Dilla.'.cc it l'>

'* mighty a Ciulph, uur (xcatncU ol likli intimie CluuiU

" and Storms from prolccutuig LiuioutabK Kntirpri/.e» ol

" Dilt-oveues and Nlcichanduuig, Mticreia they lliali MiJ

" ntciuMrthcr ihem,ac>oudiigio (hiir Dcl'ires. I rauio

" unto your MajClly a Inull loken ot my lajvc (by yuur

*' til id Subject; deliring you lo accept ihcruil, as troin

" hull that mudi rejoiLcih u\ yoiu iriendlliip. Ar.J

*• wlitria.s your M.i.idy's Sui.|t,U liavr dciiud cer la n

*' Fiiviltges lur Iiade, aiul t:.ultiig ot a 1 actury in my

" Duunnums, i have nut only granted what liicy i.lenuii>.t-
'* ed, Lut have cunlirmed tiie laiue u:.tu ihein, under

" my Biewd Seal, tor better illablilhing theretf. Fruni
" my Callle tn Suru/ifJ, this louitli Day of the i iiitli

" Month, Ul the eighteenth Year ot uur IXu^y, accutuir.^

" to uur loll ipulatioii. iiellu^ yuur Majclty's Iriid,
" (he higlud Cuuiiiiander in lius Kingdom ul 7''^*-
" Sublet iLoJ j\/i««d .\kuiii,)u. 1(1 1( i<iU.''

Ftivtif^ti graiUtJ ty Ogortiolamma, l.mptrer if japor,
untu lit Kif^bt U(,'jhifjui ,i/r 1 hoiiias .Sniith, Kni^h:,
(jfjnner, unJ sibm, tin Ikh*iituiU and U oijhifjstl
ildienlurcn lu lit F^ll-lndies.

" I. Impitmn. We give tiee I.ieencc to the SuhjecU
" to the King ot (;r»j; Biti.iin, v;z. S:: •Honuj imitc,
*• tjwvcinor aiid C«,mjui.y ot the L^tjilndi-in Merchants
" and Advcniuirts, lorcvu, lately to come u. to any wl
" ihc IViii ol our iaiipiic ot y<i/-y«, with then -Ships
" and Mcr< landi^es, witlijui any Hindrance to ihcni, or
" ihcit CjoiaIs ; and to abide, buy, kll, and bartci, ac-
" coiduig to thnr own Manner with all other Natiuiu -,
" (o Lariy hue ai> ktiig as liiey think good, and to depart
" at (heir Flcafuics.

" II Ittni. Wii grant unto tlucin Ireedom of Cuftoin
" t.x all luch MeicJundi/x>, as etfhei now they have
" b(ugg|t^t,U4 hetcalier diail Uu)g lUto oUJ Kuigdun.s, or

" (hall

Chat). II.

of W 1 I. L 1 A M A L> A Mb.

:A I. BRITAIN.

•• lliilltrom heme rranfiHirttojny forii^n I'ait i ami ilo
•• .uitluiii/r lliolc Sliii^ tlut liercaluT (lull arrive uiidioiiif
»• liniii t.nghmd, to proreiit to |)riluii S^U t)t ilicir Com-
•• n.oilics wuhiiiit Kinunj; or I. lulinp, up i,, ,,ur ( oiirt.

•' 111. Um. ll any oftlicir .Shiiv, ih.ijl iLipprn to lie 111
" iMriKcr o( ShipwrtTk, wc will cur .Sulij<,av not only to
•• .iii,il tlicm, hut tli.it hull I'.iuof .Siiii).iml (.oocls.as llmli

• • Lc l.ivii!,bc r( tiirmil to their C'a|)tain,or La]>c-Min h.uu,
•• or tlmr A(ll(j;ns \ and tliat tlity Ihall, <ir may liuilil one

• • I loiili.', or fiiore, tor thmilolvis, in .iiiy Part ot our
" I'liipirc, wlicri' tliiy (hall think littcll \ iiul at their
•« Departiiri- make Sale tliircof at tlmr IMialurc.

" IV. Ittm. It any of the /i',x////j .VlrRlunts.orothtT,
" lliall ihiiart this i.ile within ..ur IVjminioiis, ihcdiKKls
» (il tlir Dncaltil (hall remain at tlic- Diljiolal of the
" C.a|x-M'Ti.h.iiit i and that all OtVenus tomrniittd by
" them ftiall be piinilhcd hy the laid (.a|)C-Merthant, ac-
•» tdfdinn to his Dilirrtion, and our law, to take no
'• hoM III thfir l'<rlons or (khkIs.

>' V. Item. \Vt will, that ye (urSuhjcastradin;^ with
•' tlvm tir .my ot tlmr Conwiioilitiis, pay thcni tor the
•» f.iiiif, atcordii ^ to Aprccnirnt, without Delay, or Rc-
" tun> of tlu-ir Wares ai^ain unto thcni.

" VI. hem. I or luili Loiiiiiioditus as they have now
•' lirounlit, or Ihall lureaficr lirinj;, litiini^ tor our .Si rvirc
•' .ind proprr lUi-, we will, that no Arrtll he ni.ulethcrc-
•• ot, hut that thrl'iiie In- nuile with the Lape-iVh riliant,
♦' accon.in^.', as iliey iiiay kll to diiicrs, ami preleiit I'ay-
" incnt upon the Delivuy ot the IjikhIs.

" Vll. Utm. It in Dikovery ot other Ciuiurits tor
" Tradi', or Return ot their .Ships, they Ihall nerd Men
•' orViduals we will, that yc our. Subiictituriiilh them,
•• tor their Monty, as their Need Ihall iti)uire.

" Vlll. Itm. ,\nd that without other l'all[HPit, they
" Hull, and nuy, (a out upon the iJifcovery ot laizv.,
" or any other I'.irt in (>r aliout our l'.iii[)ire.

" Fioin our LalUe in ^uran^a^ thii lirll Day of tlw
" ninth Month, and in the cij;hteenth Year of oiir Dary,
" accordin(; to our Computation. Sealed with our Broad
•' Seal, i2c. Underwriitcn

" Minna Moutiont I'd j'e 2'ta<."

Thf Jitpenefe l^npiape I'ei nis to agree with the Chiiicf/
in this tli.it they e.xprel-. whole Words conipi ndioully,
hy tiirii l.vir.d proper L'iiaracteis, not compounding them
of ilillind Letters and .Syilabics, as 'tis in otiur I.angua^',es.
The Character is very diiVerent Irom that ol the l.hiHii( ;
and they itad, he(;inniiij;; at the rie;ht-haiul, fo down-
WMriN, per|)endicular-wir>.- in the dver.il Lines. 'Ihey take
al unilancc of caie to Ipeak and write in tie HiortL-if and
ciii eiteif nvi'iner that can be i tluy ar.' not ^iven to lloii-
riih .uul enlar;;- upon a .Subject, but ddiver their Minds
in Very jx:rtinent, exact, anil conipreluntive Terni!;, cim-
tr-iitinj; aj;reatdeal ol .Senle ii.t-j a little Compals ; i'he
L,itt<rs, and the Inlliument, were both written in it,
VlT) fur, after their Manner -, and the tirll Raiities ot
that !<H',d, I hat car Nati.m, 1 believe, ever had.

'I h'.is was .I'l our Bulmels at Siirdiii^a liiiillieil too.
l';,-<)ii which wc took Leave ol the h.mperor and Court,
a; I let out for hirwido. Our W.iy lay by L.in 1 as f.ir
as Ouica \ and in imOIii^ thither, we took Mcato in our
Way. This is .ibl >lutely the <;ri.atcll City ni Jaion, and
a 1'l.ice of mifihtv I'M.le. All the Traiielinen dwell in
a I'art ot tins City by thenilelves ; and all ot luJi an
LmpliiyiiKi-.t in luJiaStre:t by themf.lve'i. 'ilw '/''-
foiKl'c think It very unleeinly and i iii;i.il.ir, to li.ive Men
ol lo many I'rotellions an.l Huliiulf s mixed m\^\ huddled
tor^ether in lueh a tonluled manner, as tliey are in other
l'l.i(c. They are lur making all ot the lame 'I'radc (who
aie titteH to coiiverli tot;ethcr) Neighbours to one an-
other ; Hiriis ol ih'- lame haiiier to be all in a dillinCt
iiuck by theiiilelv.s, liiat a Man tiiat looks may know
wlicre to liiulihtm. And the plain lnrii on't is this
Order is not without as Ikauty an.! Convemeiuy ; and it
added, methought, a peculiar diaie to the City, which all
its otiier Advantages could not have given it.

riie mcill iiiagnifmnt IVniide ol the whole Country is
lure at Me.uu, built ol l-ree-Mone, m\k\ a.s long as St.
i'.u./"s ill I.utulon tiiiai the C^^nie, aixhal, .idurn'd with

N u M B. 5i).

,S65

initihty I'lllars, am! as lofty .ii ih.it, It has one pe. uliar
Ali.ir, at wliieh tli(.y make their OlVmnys ot Rier, ami
Imall Money ..all-d Ciindms twenty of wliich fr.'ke a
Shilling.,) tor ihf: M.iiiitena' ce t,f th,- Bon7.r's belonging
to It; Alui by till, Alt.ir ILliid. the gre.lt i'ol .V,',;;;;/,';,,'^;,
mailc ot Cuppi r, and of the fame Korm with Dnhs br-
toie n;entioned, but imich higher, icarhing up totln \ ty
Artli. 'I'he Temi le llaiul', udvantagtouny upon the lop
of a very high 1 lill, and upon each Sidr? the Aluiit you
have a long Row of Columns of Frce-ltone, about fifty
in each -Seiies, ten I'aces dillant one from another, and
iijion the I'op ot every 1'ill.ir is a Laiithorn, the Lamps in
wlmh are lighted every Night, and m.ike a Very g: ri-ig
Shew. There are (evcral otiier Temples befidcs, but this
valfly exceeds all the rc(l in all Points of B.auty and (iran-
deui. It was julf linifhcd at our b-in!5 tlnrc, the Foun-
dation being laiil by the finud -/'iii, /..iiia, whole 1 !■. rli;
w.jsk(pt ill an Apartnvnt ;:..id by, and is to be main-
tained iiere in a Life of p \iM Fule and Reft, 2'. long as
Nature will allo\s him i> hold it out.

The Ptrtunnft JcIuas have a (lately College in this
City, very well turnilhcd wit!i Men of that Society. They
brecil up abundance of J,!^cnefi Youths, reading Philo-
tophy, and the Pupifli Divinity i > them, making many
of them Preachers, ami, I luppofe, J'fuitstoo. Thvrc's
no duubt but they cndiavour to make them us g'-od iis
they can •, and, amongll other Arts, teach Ibnie of tliofo
that are jx.(uli,ir to their Order. They liave the New
'IVllament tianllared into the "Jiipcmff I'onguc •, and b(-
fides this hojictul Fry bre liing up in the College, there
are reckoueil live or li.\ thoulaiid that profcis Chrillanity
in Menco.

Whik- wc I) lycd litre wc received the Lmptror's Prc-
fents tor our King, which were fent after us, -j-.z. ten
Be'obi, or large Pictures, to hang a Room of State with.
From hence we travelled to Oj'.kj, wIu ic the Gaily that
let Us ilown before was attending our Return, to tr.mli'oic
us to 1 iraiuia, and this at the Cli.irge of the br ive and
generous King ot tli.it Pl.ice. This Prince was rxtrenv Iv
glad at our Return to his lilan 1, .is alio of the SucclTs of
our Allairs at Court, .md had carrie I it with that lUmly
and even Hand of Kindiiel's to our Company left tin re,
as he did to all of us, wh.eii togetlier ; but yet the Trade
ainiJiinted to little or notiiing. In on; Abfence the '/ ;o-
lu-jf had been no good Cullomers, tho' v.e had come th m
the other Fnd of tlu Wfrld to take th-:r Monty. One
Reafon of this was, bccaule it was not yet ci itain that we
Were to be allowed in the Country, and till the 'i'lMiie lu'S
its piiblick Warrant from the F.inperor, as no .Stranger
nuy otier to tell, fu no Native m.iy dare to buy. But
another thing was tins t^'c mol'^ I'-ut of our Commodi-
ties we intended lor thele Parts, were b,'o.id Cloths,
(whii.li had not long before been fold here for twenty Rials
of I ight piT M.it,' which IS two Yartis) a fort of Ware
the Jttpiiij'i were now almull out of Conceit with, bc-
caule v.\- lii.i not take care to recommend the (ioodnefs of
it iiy our own Wearing. You, f.iy they, cry up your
broa;l Cloths to iis, and, at the fame time hardly wear a
Rag of It youilelves ; but are all for your Silks and StulTs,
and' any thing in the World, e.xcept jii;!: what you would
have us buv of you. And thj truth on it is, ihejapcucfs
v/eie ill the right, and their Objections not eafy to be an-
fwered. Wc ought to be more fond of our own Country
Coininodities, and tell other Nations they arc valuabL-, by
the Lie ot them we make ourlelves. foreigners won't be
lo re.idy to believe lis, if tht y fee we ilon't order our
lalhions li) as to give a Reputation to wh.u we recommend
abroad in the World i and, fur ought I km\-; other Na-
tions may tell us, as well as the Japon:-fc, of not wearingour
own broad Cloth ; may reproach us with the Negle.i': of
our own Commodities, and defpile them till they fee us
do otherwde ourlelves.

'Ihis l-iiwuh is a very good Place for our Ships to put
in at, with rcfpcct to the Point of \'ic'tualing, and all
th.it 1 but it is mit lo proper for Trade, becaule it lies off
b(;m the main Phuid oi'j^ipon, where are not only molt,
bur the molt confiderable People, tap.ible of giving Hn-
tour.igement to Trade, which, in thole little bye Idands,
is not'^to be expected. Wg migiu, I doii'c c]uenion, be

w ,lec>rnt

'fi

If '

li
W

'4 1

i "

:>'6.s

I ffHilncf .hiotifit nf ik j^Uicntn^c^

r...(.k I.

4
1'^

I'J'

VVJ'f;

wilrom. w jnv i.i iNcfti jIU H' 1 «''« Ki'm* of two ot
lli.l.piHy llljiul* |',.iv. I .1 tiHiivillnvitiiioii. Hutllurr'i
t>* «.i th.nnfi .I'J'ui.l Hiirii'il. tint will turn (<• uuninl,
Jul »lclr4y ihi- Clurnis.it .i SirttKiiunf ; riimt.irc mv
Ailvitp i«, iS4t o.ir Sliip. cli.tr luini' ii> traJc hire, wouM
not |.i:l to hiuit,L, l»ui t" OrirjW.i, (•, ii|ioti the inun

llluMil, mil alunit filtun I i.i><ii» .lillant Iron /././-.where
they wili fiiul vtry mH».l Ki 'ni^, jm! j miiih j{r(,iti r I'rt)-
l|-o.'l lit .\iS4ntai|< . I'hK I'l.ue ii.J.cr\\ h not rajuMe vt
.iIVduIimh 111 f'lHKl .in |i\t<rt.iinmfnt a* m.»y Iw ddireil;
I'njvi(ion< .irc n<ii .iliogitlier lit jilrntiful then' 4n at hi-
tatJi ; hut tli.it \V.tnt nuy l)c luppliul by a Correiixm-
ilcme with till • iriiini|.iu'iii I'lHintrv

Chnlhanity nuk.vm>ri>nrnler.ilil(l'fof;rt(»comi).iMiivrly
.vn whcri in thiN Kn),'i!-, hiit .ii Mf.uo m.A Lanj^nifjuf, a

{own I'ltaacl u(Hin \'.n- .s.aciult, jNuit i;pht li.iniK^
liiiin I iruptjj. It hii!, it\ triir, pnttcn |ih ting in J Ue \
liut the Imjieior, nptm lunir I'njiir uk-n aj^jinlt thr
fhrillians baniOiril tivin all li'in iliencc, .iml ii-nfineit
til. ni til lMi>fiijij'4f . ami a* 4 I'ltvtntmn nf iti cfeij-in{^
into ill'' L'Diiri, aril! nKitinjj itlill any where near Inm. In'
inailr It IVatli m any wiio llu vilil oHer to hiiilil a t'hurch,
or ("in^ Mai*, witliiii tin I .rat;iics of tlie I'Lice whrr/ he
reruici), 'I hisClun^i w.islnita vrty little Hctore inir y,nin^
til hiiui , nofwithrtanili'ig which, the thrill'.n Ktli;,i( n n
olhriwili- iTiiluigeil. Mir I hrillian Ja^fii't at ["'lint
have, as lar a^ I fe«, tlie Imic I'rutti'hon and l'iivili(»c
wit.'i I thers ; ami thr JiUiits iVeni ti) cnioy an inn-llr.iinevl
I.iUrty 111 the iinki: i;iil I'tofilytrs. I'hc li;ur: l.itinn uf
a laciury Ihii'K now t'rmly laul in tlie l'iii|vri)r\ full
liiart to tliat I'lirinilc, wc priict'iieil to InnlJ u\v<n if,
being the latlur em.mir.igeil i) it, ii< that wc wire row
alViiiiil that F.HxliJh lat\i»rir\ wrrr ai'fii.illy I'rttleil at >(J»i»
anJ PatjHJ i ai all'j, iliat tin /)i/.',/- male Igniethiii;' of
their Hiilinils here \ aiJ wc hail naluii to Ixhrvr we hi I
rot a ills Share in the Goixlwili am! l-.llirm li rlii<
' our.try than tliiy. N'l i* theri fore aj>)0(ntril lonn- nt uur
v.ijinpaiiy to reli.lc lie-c i;;xjri tl,\\ Affair, with InlliiK'tion^
a'!o to nukr what Uilcoveric^ they mii! I \\]X)n ih- Inall
c! dr^.i, lujhmay, anl other I'arti ailioniinj;, aj;.iinll the
r'CM R'tuin i>t the Shj'. By exact (Jlilcrvation* we
nu.'.e, I'liriPj; oi;r .Stay h. rr, wt; ilffiimnr the I .iimnlc
cf .' irJH,ii> to be ^ \' n' N. aii.l the varying; of ilic Coin-
J al» I" 511 KalUrly.

Thi.s lar wi- have fi.IiowTil cx.ictly the Memoirs ol
Cajitain Sari), who lartl.cr rcjji.rfs atwin^ancr ol { iviiitiei
rTCe;vcil from the Kirg ol ItranJc ; toj/ctlier with 3 Lrr-
trr, written by th.it I'rinre, to our V^\\,\!,Jiimfi, exjinl-
Ti.j; a V;ry earned jVt.re to remirr all the Sirvicc in hi4
r «cr to the kii_:h,1.< S.'.'m; ind Inj-jily u.nuiiernlinK
lluir Hilif^n of t it.ibhihii « a (.orr;l|><jiiilence iK'twren
tlifir own Country an! tl.v 'Jaj'rmijc ■, lor the promr.tnif' ol
whiih, he J rolirtcs hiii.ii't »eai!y to tlo whatever lay in
l.:s I'uwtr. Captain .v.n/j | rolmiteil \\\s N'oyagr tcj lUn-
liTn, in the lOaml of yi.-:./, without any r- iiiark.iblr .Ai-
ciilint 1 art! In: toninnniik ljn,ih!fn\ V'ijya.',r\ as very
finrere, ami his Chaif. as vrry exact. Hi- arnvcil at
B.in:jm on ilu rin> 'I f.ttu.v i 1614, ami found thu ■",
there in a very ir.dniVr' nt Coi.iluion, osvmg, a^ Iw ton
ceiviil, to tluir lia\ii;g too many FaCton< s -, hosvrvtt, he
got h/i Ladinj;, an.! in the latter I'm! ot ili- Month ol
.\/.;r proceriicil ior I-.nyhmi, and arrivi I fiKly on the
27th of 5<;'/i'/.i*er fill. v..t ^ at /',rwt«;^. ]\r i\,m.\ not
appear to havr Ix-rn vtry Iji.p^uim in thr .WY.ur it Irt-
thi.g a Jaclory in /.j/cw, I i;t kcrr.s to have l>rrn ol liged
t!ic!(to by his Inllru.tions i yrt as he was a Min of j;teat
OblcrvatwKi and Kf.r.-ti'in, he took ail in'..iu,inalilc I'ains
to have a dirtinA Ariou.nt of what ( .o<x;s wrrt- to Ix-
lint there, am! sshat mipyht be exivitrd in return. I ap
pfhcn.', that thr triir Kcalon ot hi-. Dillid'-nu- was, our
not having, jt that tm.r, an o|>rn Tr.idr sviih Cl.ina,
the grt-ate:l I'rulit icluitiin tn;m the y.r/cd | ladr, Ixm;;
madi.- on ClinfjHuKAs , lot liowi vir, I imc ami l'.!ti.-nee
nv.jjht have overt >nie all their Difficulties, and liavi ilia
blilV.r.! i,i as elT'-au!!y as il:- Dutch. Hut the truth ol
the .Matter wai, that ou- I'eopie vterc his iin<''r(oni
nvmd, ant! cnf.q'.iei.tly Ids fit for living in that Coun-
try, and cli illiftai.i^, a J radc there.

A» a I'lonfol Cajuain S,<n\ prcat M lit in txaniimnn
evry ihinn .ai.f.illy, and ri.i.tdiij. |,. ,n timr to n,,.,
what Noiurs he reu iv.d, I iiunk n ,iuv not be jniil. lo
annex to iln^ .•\r. -Hint if hi* Vtiyaiv the U. |K)rt he nuiv^j
tonierniMK rhr I. .in. I i.l [/qiv, vt h.l:i, w|i,rh w.u tlun
and Dill IS a I'l.ice Vtry iin|«<-ificiiv known, and on ihtf
ablulutr Dilioviry of wlmh, li ti.j( ni.iiv l^)lnt^ of In.
porf.inte, but more | attaiil.itly the Decili.m ol the )re,it
roni. whether ili.te In', 01 !« not a I'.iir.ipr mtnthiic
Scan by the North-l-all. I ihi- rather inhit this .Viounr
Uxauh-, l.ir any thinj; I ran perceive, 11 m « |,;„|v ,,, | ^
true as any we have yrt rrceivtd, only I InlpeCf, ih.it eitl,. r
iHir 'y,ipenrl> Traveller w.is niilfjl.en m .allm^ thi-, {., .';„.
try an 111 in.!, or elle thu. 1, both .m IiIukI and a Corti-
iicnt of thr lame N inn , wlmh is imiri d .Hjrre.ililc to whit
wr find relitinp, to this I ountry id th. '11 ftiilf Accoiiiitt
we hase nieiv. d Irom J.ipon I mull nkcwile beg leave
to tJd, fh.ii It wfe reflr. ! on the Stature and Cniiipjmoi,,
ol thr Norihern l.iilui , the I iif'Lm,i,fi .iml^.two/c/ we
fhall have th- lels Caulc to Uilpca ihi^ \\;i[er, cither g|
Credulity or Kutii>n.

iHtflli^nif (otttnmnf Ye.l/o, ry.v/:/,/ et lit C.iti o^'Kililo
in ja|xin, fnm it J.i|Mincle ihiil l-a,l i-ci luiit thnc.

" I W\s int^rnioui Triveller f.ivs ih.vf Itdza \\ an
" llluid Umi'oiiihe North-well lidrol Jiptn, and uln.it
" lome ten I e.icjues dill ml from it. | hat the l'iii|.le are
" of l.iir C'..inplexion, luioil nafured imuiuli, t:r r.inic
" huiii.in'- III thill i I ni|Hr .111 I '. oiidiiions than their On;-
" ward Aipii'l and .Appearand, bi in|^ .dl over iiHi('h ii iil
" hairy, ainioft like Nlonkics i >itthiirSkiii isk'U.ie
*' hinted; white .mil ile.ir. I fie Wi.ipons uicil aiim.;';
*' ihrm are Hows ami poilonr.l Aiiows

*' Thole in ill. Siuttiitn I'.iits are very uiidetllandin''
*' I'.oplc, .ind lit lot (. (Hiimi rce, haviii}', tin- Knowlfi'. ■«
*• ot \Veitr,ht» and Mealiire*, which 111 the- lunldie I'.rts
" of the lllind tliiy .^re entin ly ifnor.iiit ot. 'Ihoit in
" the Northern I'arti are a I'rople whiih Iceni to be ii:i-
" lirent Irom the rell ol the lllar.d, and ol ijuite anolli.'T
" R.ve, btinp lorxtrf.mly ihorf, liiat ill. y ni.iy bcea.d
*' Dwaits in a Ihic: .ml pioper .'Miile , wheicii tic
" idhce. arc commonly of the Stature ct the 'j>}i:m'i,

*' 1 hey have none of them any l.rt ol Aij.irci o..r
" what u broui-ht from /r/iot, aiKl I.j the molt I'art i,l
*• ihcir Kite (if not all they arc liip])!ied with) ;$ broi,i;l;t
•' from thence too ; but then they have that aiiiunull
** them wMiih will m.ike otlur People th.iik it very well
" worth their wlnle tniome.md briiij; them thole Nctrf-
" lanes, \!l. \ f.'reat deal ol SiKir, and .1 l.irt ol l.i;,.:y
" (lold, in whii"li tliey nuke all their I'ayiiunts tu lix
" Jitpotitft lor what they take ol them.

" The Comnimliries inolUy tr.4i.lported luther are K.. e,
" Cotton, Cloth, Iron, and Lead; but all thini;sr,'-
" eellary lor the H 41 k .in.i lllly, are the moll wcki.nx
" and iiiept.d.i'e to tlicle l'eo|)le •, parti.ulaiiy Kae c.;r-
'• iieil from 'JiijKii to iiti,^} hai yielded Icur l.andrtd {■^r
" (.(»;

" The cJiirl Town wliTf the "J.'futirif reluie lor 'I'la.lc
" IS callril .\/„;s«;..;, w here thry h.ive .dlo a horr, .iiiJ
" at lull live hun.lied I ainilien ol th.it .Nation runllantly
*' dwillinj.', iherr. In Srpniii/.r the .N.iliv.s cun.e down
*' in v.ilt Nun.l)' f. to buy aivl l.iy in tlicir \\ inter Sturr. ;
" and in A/.<'..i'ili y brirf> Salmon, and Icveral Imisil
" due. I 1-ilb, Ivri.iti other W.irci, which they b.ittcr
" Willi the '/(tpniiif This \/niziimii is the chief J own
" lor Huliiiels known to the 'J,i[>oniU- ujioii the whale
" lllind, ,ind they h.ive i;o manner ot I onccrn or .Settle-
" liieiit .iny where but here."

l-V \Vheh I liillenrercdupin this Siib|ef t, I trull foidels
It w.is iii;t my lii|.iit;oii lo have piolteuted it lo i.Uf; ly,
but iij>on niatur.: ket!ei;ion, that I couhl never have .1
mijre proper Oeialion to inUrt the 1 lillory ol our .•\ceeh
to, and Ketieat tn.m Jiifon, which li in itklf a very cu
nous Subieil, and hath tins lanher to rccomn'.eiid it, that
K vva rever h.indlcd Ix-lorc, I thoiu;ht I miiid not du
bcft'T, thin 10 flirow .ill I li.ive been .iblc to learn iij on
ihih lleul into this ."ic'-iion J by ssh.^li means it wouk; *>•

Utter

r.-oki.

pr.»

•■•< M lisititxamining
''"i; •' m iiiiu' i„||„,^
; It nuv not be jtiul. to
V »ii»' K. port liv rcmvi,!
> '■./•■ A wliirh w.u(lun.

.v;lv known, .uul on th..-
•''k< '""'V I'dints rt Ini'-
tlic llfcihon ol tlif ,;re,it
•'•'I .1 l'.iir.ii'r into thtle

"lift u'.Utt tll|^ Aicjunr,

f IVI-, It M M liki Iv to Le
"'.lyliurprct.ehatfithcr

i^-fn in i.illinKiliisC(nm.

iih .m liluiil jnd a torn.

s imlciil.inrcr.ililctowhat
III iIk firfhrlt Aciui,nt«
I mult iikiwilc lifRlcjve
^Mtiirt and loiiipltxiom

a ihi> Water, cuticr ot

.(/ iihl ten ruiK thrre.

r.<y<, tluif ledzi ii an

I lull' (it Jipitty .uul jlicut

II It. I tut tliC l'<i)|,Ic arc
jiiiri\t nuiiiiiti, t:r VMnt
< <ii)iiitinr.sili.iii tluir ou:-
, Lxirti'.illuvrr iiMi('ha id

>i t iluir Skill .11 liclme

h( Wi.ipoin liua among

Airciws.

1% ;irr vrry linilcrliandin;;
r, li.ivin^', tlic Kniiwlci; /.e
»tMiii Ml tlu' iimliiif I'.rts

y i> luir.iiit ot. 'I'hoit in
plo wliiih li'cm to be liit-
Uiul, ami 1)1 t)uiti-anuilu'r
rf, tiiat ih.y nny bcu. il
ptT .icnli- , whiTcji tlic
.St.\turc ot tlir y.i/.-dc^.

jny lire ni Aj ; .trcl b,.:
, .AiKt I.) tlic iiioii I'art <;l

Itipphfil with) !sbrot;i;iit

tlii-y I1.1VC tlui am()n^ll
I'copie tliiiik It vi-ry vull
d liriiig tliifuiliulc Neirf-
iilwr, anil .1 lort ui i.ii„:y
.ill thru I'.iyiiitntt tu (he
il thrill.
rai',t|K)rt(."il liithfr are Kkp,

.rail ; liiit all tluni;? nr-
', are ttic niolt wclamie
Ic ; partii uLiily Kac c.;r-

yiclilcd tv.ur l.uivlrtJ fit

'j.-ptnrjt rrliilr lor Trailc
u y luvr .illi) a Furr, and
ot that .Nation coriliar.tly
r the .Nativ-s (.uir.r ilown
ly 111 tlicir \\ inter .Siii.'f<i
n;on, ami Icvcral lotis it
■ int, wiilih liiry b.irtcr
ti:'jtni,t is the tliict 1 own
hipcKiji- upon the wiiulc
ii« r ot t onccrn or .Settle-

tliisSiihicft, Itrullfor.ftls
L- I iDltiUtril It lo iafc ly,
hat 1 toiilit never havt ,1
the 1 lillory ot our AttrU
hieh IS in itltit .1 very cu-
ller to reconif.'.tnil it, that
I thoui;lit I iinihl nut ilu
f turn able tn Icani Uj on
which incaiii it woulii be
better

0/ Mr. W I I, 1, I A M A V

Chap. II.

better uiulerrtmHl.tn.lallonl .icie.ir .Solution tn.i (^iiellion
never yrt iinlwcrcil, r/.v I low briii|r once |).ilIilHi|„i
fuch a Lomtnrree, wr r.iMie lo loli it > Hut fh.it we may
priKetil regularly, I tluil nivc tin- Kculcr next (he .Sub
ll.iiur ul a Letter wnti. n to Capt.iin Join S.irn by Mr.
Cv.ki, who wa<i chirily intrullcil 111 the nrw IVtory let-
tied at lii,iH.h. Ihi. I .ettrr 1-. il.m-d ||„. |,,tb ot Dnem-
itr i(ji4, and tontaini abundance i.t uiriuui Circun-
llanie. itiat .irc not to k- lound in any other I'letc that I
have been able to meet with.

As to the AtVaiij ol 'J.ipm, the Wiitei'of (hii Letter
pivts u^ an Account, that they were at that time in a very
difiivil Condition, a civil War lieinn ready to ( ouimence,
that thicMteiied nre.it ( alamities to the whole Country.
W e have he.iid hrlorr, ili it the ripht I leir ol tint mij^hty
r.:iipiic was fliut up III tlie llron|r Cilllt: of Oj,u,i, where
'twas defigneil he lliould live in perpetii.d Ii;no!aiuc ol
hiinlvll, and his jull Title to the Crown •, 01, at Kal', it
he IhiMild liy any mrani «onic to the Knowkil^e ol his
true (Juality, Ihould by tint i lots' Coiilinenient be depri-
ved of all Opportunitui ot t'lvinj-any Ditlurliaiue to the
preliiit I'lilVellor -, but the ulurpmi; rniperor's I'lut did
not take the ilclirrd l.Hea: 1 he youii^; I'rincc came to
know hiiiilelf tome way or other, and aceoriliin;ly '""l^
up .\riiis to allirt and maintain his kii;lit. I le convirted
his I'liton into a llron^-, (Jariil'on, and inlU.id ot otiier
Kee|iers ^ot (luickly about him aw .Army ot one liui' Ired
lli'iulaiid Men, bold, relolute, hardy Soldiery mo", of
thei.i Oit laws, l.xilei, and Malecontents, whofloL.cd
in to hill) Iron) all Pariiot the I'.mpire, and will Inciul
their h'o<.d to let him in the Throne. Helides this l-'orcc
ot Mm, he had laid in as nood a .Strenj^th ol I'rovilion,
having tuiiiflicd the inviiuibic Callle ol Ujam with Vu
tuals tor thi'.'c Years,

I'liis was ihc Alarm which the I'.mperor ever drcided :
Nothing; coui 1 look with a more thie.ueniuf^;, tnali^;n'U't
AipcLl up<in Ills State and Fower than a blaik Cloml [;a
tiieriny about the Callle ot Ofjcu. However, to main-
tain hii own I'retenliuns, lie marched in I'trlbn with ,iii
Army ot three huiulrcd thouland Men row.uds thr I'ln.ic,
and lome httle l{:iki;i:ij;s h.id palled between I'.iitics of
botli .Viniics at the Tmu- ot the writing', it tlir •, but now
tlie whole I'.mpire expiti I ilie Urliilt ot'a | ;ti lied Battle,
1:1 \sliuh that tontruMiry fliould be loteninly i!ci iiied,
which ot tliele two l'rtt;nders ihould linally wear the Im-
perial Crown of 'Jafxnt.

It was not lonu bct'iir this that the I-'.nipcror declaird
1,1'iilrlt a piiMiik I'liemy to the Cluillians, givii.Li Ordiis
In the baniihiiiR all J( luit., 1 iiais, Nuns, and their Ad-
lii lints, out ot 'Jiipon, pullnv; down tlitir t luircln s .iiid
Monallerics, aiul to m.ii.e liae Woik wiili them, not only
culenny tiieir H.inilhment, but actually fluppin^ them
away himkif, fome lor China, aiul others loi '''i' Mjnt!-
liii . And in a lluirt .SjMce alter thik I'erfeci'' . . . very
pre.it Conluiioii happened at /■./..'« .^one ol the Lii^^ii Cities
ot the I'.mpirC/ oical'ioiied by a moll drcullnl 'i'lillon that
ra,-',cd there. The City was aliiioll demuliOui! by it, a
[;reat I'.irt o! the Huil<liiij.,s liein[', bioke ,'.ami, and the SiM
bre.ik.ii'.; 111 at the lame tune, ilircaten" ' to I'wallow up all
the tell, 1() th.it the Inliabit.eif w ,r iorced to ijuit the
1'i.iie, and rim up into the Mount.uns tor Siulter. The
r.:^ii» ami the Cliiiluin '/.ipoiuji' arc very contrary one to
anothir in their C)| 1 .ions and AlVertions conccrninf; the
C.uiie ot tins horiil'le Commotion. Till l.iitu lay, 'tr; .1
JuJi^ment lioiii lj(jd upon th.' Nation tor the .'Mliunts ot-
Idid to the Chiiliian Ki.li;,n'ii, puiiuulaily lor tin- I'uipe-
roi's banilhiiii; it wuh all the pious Jeliiirs rhat pre.ulud it,
as he l.:t-ly Out, li) tluit the Ciruimll.uu e of the Calamity
with iel|H\.t to that I'i.ice, clearly as tiny lay) ixpoomls the
t aule of It. On ti.e other h.eul, the l'i;-.:iis lay 'tis
Witilui.ilt, ami that tliL- Ji Imt-, upon tlieir Baniniment,
kil toioiijuiiii-, a;ul railed t!;a: .Sturm lu p!ai_;ue the Coun-
tiy, in K ^.ni;-.-'.

At the I'lniV ot' Captain S.'ra\ bc'mj, in yiipci:, it w.is
tlinu^ht, tli.it it any other i:iig!ijh .Ship came into thole
l'.ut<; tlie (io'.k'.s ir.i};;it imiiuihately be fold oiV, without
tlir l'"orii!ahty ol iaii>i.;g an..tlier I'lcrnit to the banperor ;
lilt 'twa> alt'iuv ui.!s louid to be oth'TWili-, .md every .Slup

.\ .M

86;

I'lit I line !■! wa^ u:.-.'

r a N^i-.H'i • v\

•m- It. paying

Its C'ulbyn tli.ii Way i men tli.in tlii', tlir v could net luve
I ibi riv lo mu< h as m li t out .1 Junk, witlio.,r the I'aiipc-.
rof'^ l.uince w.i* annually proiunU for 'twai made
I'eath tor any y.i/<on.\,' Muiur to (lir out «if the Cmmtty
without I , .iv<', only then o^sn Snips minht go m and out
tieely win nevi 1 tiny fud CK alioii.

A noiKJ IVojia w,n lit on 1 o«)t fnr brf^inning a Trade
upon the Coall ol Cl.n.i, at a 1 own n-ar Lm^ui,,, to whiclj
I'Uce a Ship minlit lail Iroin iiiAiidi) with a good Wiml
m three or loui D.iys lime. This was hill projioled ami
undert.il,.n by loiiu lonlider.il.lr ChtH.-fe then in y,t/)j;/,
who laboured very hard i 1 the Matter, and ni.vir no C^ie.
Ilion of .ucomplilliinn it lo (.ir, that tlirei /:«;•,'//!) .Shiiit
fhould luve a Vent for llicir Commodities every Year ai
that Plate. The l''.iideavours of the yi«;;///!> Kadtoiy |'a
lied at /•/r.m,/'/, towaids a \'\n.\i: ho\\\"iiiJhm.i tj Cw.'.i
ptoved im iVrctual, viry little to any Furpol'e bein;^ to bo
done there. Thrre was no \ent for any Commodiu s, but
I'ipper only, and not mikli ol that, th'ai|;h lold at fjinc-
thinp, a luitir U.it. . Hy all Ciicunillanc.s, it li ems to ap-
pear, that tlif Cor.'mii arc not at .illdilpoi;d toaCoiiv-
rpondence with th m of fujhnui, riiice rluy'll allow tliuu
but to come into one little Town, .ind toil'id tln.ni to j,u
without the Walls ol tiiat upon I'.iin of IVaih, nor lo !it:it:
a Way up info the Countiy, and that tlie Kii';t of / ■■/l,v/j
!■■ no Subjett to he bniperor ot "J'foii; lli that theu wai
no l)an(j;i r of i' \ latter I'rinee's netiiiiy any I'outiin;
.iiioni^ll them, i / the opening .t Correfpondcnce with the
Icrniir.

Yet the Coriam are polVeired with fmii Jealoufies .uul

I . 'rs of • • 'jfiipoiuy, as not to iiidulf;e any ol tin ir \'ci",h-
lioiii|io<ni ill any niannrr '' l.ilKitii ■, l>y whidi it miy
be poi; ,\ to fattii y hoki ipon them ; ;\ivl the truth
is, tiny are not It. '' ■! .ind mitlrulHul uithout Caul!', if,
.It liall, turnv \ r^mpts upon their l.ihirty may be :i
Kealim why an Vtieerlaiy that made tliem llnuld be dif-
truib .1 for the lutui ■ 1 tor '7 Ow, the Kmpeiorbifoie
thi',, ilni .anally make .m li .;.'iion into Ciroi, inteiul-
ini; ') cir. ; on liis Conqu.ll'i to the ver;, (iares of /M('/^>,
.:iul ruf|iri/,e tin: C/.'!)i:fi' I'.mpcior ill his FVilne: But he
W.1S in the midll ol th.it Career of Fortui.c .,.:\ .nted, by
.1 (.;//•<',;« Noblciii.in, who, to lerve his I'lin.r and Coun-
try Ml tint l''.xtriiiuty, y;ave the Lomjiuior iiis Ur.itli i;\

hiiii .It llie tanu:
they had ^utt/n
III C^re-i, .uul lilt Cl'iiki to the .\lur-C'onquell of tin:
liirtiirs, whicii was Very like, at tins time, to have l.dlen
to tinir own Shaiv.

Now 'tis very probable, that tlii'i is the Re.irun of tlic
hoind and inveterate I'lejudices tliefe two I'eople enter-
tan; one agaiiill the other. The '] I'.puncjc were the lnva«
ilers ol the ('jIchhi, and the ('.'jrcans robbed the 'Ji!psi:.ji
of .1 i;lorious and turtiinate I'rince. But yet that I'linee,
how dear loever to the '/.tpoiw/i; was an Invader of the
jull Rights and l.iUrties ol the Coydiiii \ and they haJ
no Uealon tamely to ^^ive away to a Ionian I'ower, that
prit>mled to enllave .\nd tr.imple upon tiiem, it tiny
loukl find any Mean^, eitlnx by Foiveor Policy, to put
a tlop to ir. J lowivi r, it is certair, that the 'Ji^poiu'f:
luurtally hate the C(/r,-.j//.;, and can never be polTeU'ed with
Seiitiiiunts ot l-'riendlhip for them as lony, as the World
Hands, unlets the I liiiiiour ot the Nation llranin'ly aitus.
Tiny cannot, with any Patience, bear the Sight of :i
Corum i and tliok People tluy t.ike tur Inch cannot walk
the Streets without a whole Kabbl' at their Heel!;, I'out-
in;j, and peltiii<^ them with Diit and .StoiKS.

" riuis it was v.ith Caj'tain S.'.r!<: in fiveral Towns in
'Ji'.ptn, where the I'eople did not ki'o'.v wh.it the Eir^Ujh
were-, there was h.irdly any pallinL; along, the Mub being
lb very rude and clamoious : Nay, the very ChiUlreti had
it in their Mouths as will as the rell, Cere, C, i'ncore

II .•;,'. You Coreuns with fallc 1 Larfi. The 7. , Ve arc
the civilell, and moll well-bred People in the AVorld,
only tin y cannot be civil to a Ctri.iw, or any body they
think to be li>. It is laid, that there are very l.uge Cities
in this Province ot Cor-d -, and alio towards the Sea J.
great many Bo^s, impallable by ITorh' or l-cot almoll, lo
tl'.at till V ule the Sailint^-Waygons, wliich arc lurniaiea
with WiitJ.-. .u. ether Wagjjons ..re, but much brca.lef

a Cup ot Poilim, ilyin(i himlilt witii
time By this means the 'Japoiitjc loll a

I' ',

rru

' ;;^^'| :l

lip

mM-

H6S

A J'uicinFt .h count of the .hhcfnurca

Hook I.

« ..to

4 * .

rr^

J ;',■ . ■

( ;

> ■■ >n '

Ifl*" ■ '

r rl'^.i!. ,

MH ( , I ^1

'. ; r,'"

■jjyjyi

,t -^ ■■

,'r' ■■.^

WK^

'■' .vi

.a IVXif'i

fr>

iivl tbttfr, tl;.it t'liy may n«if cut ilctp into the Mitc,
aiul have alio Sails Lkc a Ship •, hy which I'dntiivaixr,
oblcrvir-p; j>ro|>rr Witu!^, thty pafs all (hdc B»ig'i ralily.
rh"C;!iiiury afioai?. PamalK, Saitm', Taliatir^, jiulotlur
.SilU«, \\s ('J<in.i lioci , 1 ut i!uy v. my moll ul tlicii tiooils
i:r aiu! I'uwn in tlulo S.iilini;-\V.iL',:vii^-

We luvc l.kiwilc kinic other l-rttcT> of .i later P:c
from ihc latiif l-'adory, but viry iimnatcria!, ami con-
taining r.arcf any t'ltiunillancis \s\Mthy oi Ni'ticc, ex-
c.jn t!iat tlic J.:f:nci'f were w ry importui.atf ii> ilcniani!-
iii^; a I'n'inUi, tliat the En^lijb \.oii;.l biin,; no I'aJrrs,
ti..i', ; . I'litf*^. am>\'g tl..in •, tor the I'ltTiution Ixinj;,
at thi> tunc. Vt y . t, t;ic lominun I'l oj li c.:,\ i ut imtl-
to run any Haiati.!?, as not kn; wing how to »!;rting\iif!i
fxt'.vcrn one fort il Clinlban I'r; Ifi mJ another. Hwt
i'k Ergtijh I'ul iH)t g vf till m any tiouMe ojion that hiaii,
b :t, on the coi' lary, f;tn tit toixri; all thiir Kndiavouis
t Aatils the a. lUi ^ the Tiail'.- ot China to th.\t ot '/'V'" '<
II wh.c!', [xr;iap. tliry s^crt tixi tar, aiui nii[;h: have
d J e .'.r thcmfilvc, ai'ii their Country mure, if tl.cy luil
ltu> leil this I'o.rt JiH ; lir th 'fiip^n.'jc, wl-.o are a very
Icnfil'le Fcoplf, confufcrcil thi* i:u>iu:ini{ thrir (."ommerrc
i a iMil Light! ami, a\ trtry wtrc naturally hilj-'irioii". of
Strai ;;•. is, iouli.1 m)f help leaiiivg .hey wouKl at lall enipluy
F"iie, in rail fair niiansiiKl not lu.ceii!. In thefcNi.-
ti ns th;y wf^■ coniirninl, by the News tluy rcceivrii,
from time to tinv , ut tiie ijrrai Oifpiitcs iKtwceii the Pcr-
tu^ut (, the L>:(;!jb, ami Dui^t, m ;lu- U.-ijl-lniia ; mea
funng their l-une at home, by their -Xe'tio'..'. abioad, aiul
llipji fing that they war.teJ nothing Ihit a fixcious I'nttree
to attack the two gre.it Km pi res of I'.i-ittit in'\ 'Jdfcn. The
lall I.tttcr we nave is ilateit Iri m /■;r,;i»j; MirA^ the irth
1619, and in that there arc tome I'articulars wuit.'iy tlic
Attei.tiun of the Keaier.

The Peirccution la this Country, which before prr/Cteil-
cJ no farther than Baniniment, anJ I.ofs of civil anJ reli-
gious Lilicrties, has ftncc 'is thi'. letter f. lis us' inn up
to all the Svcnties of corpiral I'unifhment. Tne Lhri-
ftia;;s fulTrreJ as many fott^ of Deaths anl I'orments as
thollf in the primitive i'crl'cutions, anJ fuch wa-.t.heirCo:-.-
ftintv, that thiu Avlvcifarits wctr looner wraty ot inl'ic'f-
irg l'ur.i!hincnts than they of cni!uring the KticCts of their
Rage : \'iry f-w, if ar.y at all, renounee.i their i»rofeinoM.
Th. moll hideous Furm^, in which lleatli apjfaiei', by
t'le Contrivance ot their A.ivrrf.rics would i.ot Kare ihi m,
n If all t!ie iivrors of a lolemn l-x-i uimn over power that
.Stnrgth of Mi:,d wi;h wh.ih th-y lermel tn [';) rhri u;;h
thc;r .Sutferirgs. Thry made their yery (. hildn n Maitvis
with them, an.! carried th- m in thfir Arms to the .St.ikr,
chuftrg rather to ulign them to the l-Iaiiu-, than leave
rh'-m to the B.)i7.'(s to Ix; tuutatrd in t!ic /'. vj>; Kc-
li;on. All the CliUfihe^ which the lad Stoim I "ti !hnd-
iig, this had ciiircly blown i:o»;i, and derii'ylDir J, 4,11]
Hrjilirn I'jgmls wiie erected UpHi their Ruins.

The IJ ad were jKrfccuted t»H>, as Well .is the I.ivi.ig,
and ihc Graves s^cre torn opn, and t!ic IV> 'i s their ir.-
cloltd thrijwn out into fome iiafer Rec j uJe , l.j that now,
if ever Chrirtur.iiy t^.uri:^lei aj^ain in J^pnn, it mul». ly
ijpn a (etoiiv! I'!a;.tatK.n, the ffiil .«{ .k l..i:ii-g at (his
tune 10 1)0 complcjtly j.ullc.! up by the Rc-jtx '1 .'I'-re were
other Troubl'i an-l Stirs N lidei theic in 'Ja^;>n ; at this
Timv aiKithr d.angrrou'. Kcbcilion was nfiLj; jt ifujhnj,
but the I'lmcc o! that I'late h.ij'jx-ning to U at that IVi-.e
in the Court, the 1- 1 ]<ior coimiundcv! h:m, either to ssr:t •
to h s ''u! j.et' u, :ay down Arin<, r,r inuiud.ufly to rip
ojvr. his owi! IHly : 1 It chole uther to di. the (urmri, a::d
fo the I un.ult was at an l.nd \ but he was turnrd oot of
that (lov-ii.mnt, and lent 1 'to a Corner if t'le N uthen
pat of 'Jaftn, an.l th.- great CalUc o( Irujlm.i bigger, by
Reiort, than the City of Rcdtftit) IrvJlcU »,,th the
Grwumi, ».\\ the StiHi-* linr.g carried away to Oju^.t to re-
boil' tr.at roll: hat wh,ch tfur lalU-n.i-ror O^-//' .,«.
dcltrr.yrd «!:-r h;> rout.ng the Army of tlje riinct lu.n.i,
for It rtiuft Ix- noted thoi.^h <jur Author dix-s n-.t ex] rt (ly
tril us o( It) tint the Iu,j>eror f^jken u\ m tins 1 ,inr
was not Oxcjlcf.im, bur fome other his Su. c. ni.r. of whmn
wc hav' rif, ,,ihcr Aecoui>t tha.n thtlc Actiods of his pivrn
us. If is fji.-l all..,, thai this Prime lid.u.i waN ;'otu 1,' f.il •
vu: ol the gr-at Battfr, ..:, | Ly ,r!,,^^:;, |, „',;,. ^j,,,,

.iN)ut Xt(M-o ; bur fliis our Author hardly rn-dit% it havip-r
been olten reported l(> betijrc. "

1 .allly, he gives us an Account of the horrid, harb'ou,
and ciiiel Dcporlmei.t of the Ihitth fow.irds the /•>-/,/4
then rcli.Iing in Fir.im!;; \Mthoiit any ni inner of IW.,.
tion ihey openly I'ei lared Waragainit them, declared th^v
wnuld burn their Sliipi and bllli'is and .Ulmy tlmr \'r-
Ions wherc-rver th-y could meet them-, and this rliry I'id
lolemily hy S< tind of Tnniip<t both alhoir ,ind aKanI .il!
their Ships ; and to Ik- as good as their Word, they l,i„kc
into the A'f^-.V/i Hmifr witli all their hire:-, nnd h.id irhi
ally fKHficcd .very Fcili)n there, if the r.rfw'Hvid not
cnme in and f„u;',ht vig'T..i.ny in then Defence -, f,;r the
Odds were vallly g-cat, and one Kr^J:/h„u^ had at le"t
. nr hu' lired Du.'.h to deal witli. All this, and nnirli mn'.-c
of this kind, they did ; hir for svh.it Re,1",>n it carrnt be
imagined, unl-(s becaufe thiy would b- M.xlim every-
where, and has-f th" whole \v, :',; to themielvfv Chv
l'air.ige ,,r!y, which iTiews thtir Mo.iePy tn tlvifj |>.,rt; of
tlie World, is not to Ik fnrgnrten -, ano the rathir, Iv-c.cafc
It was in the IVelrncc of the gti.u Fmperor of /.T',' h.-.
felf, and all his Court. (Xir A>:rhor b i"g there to do lii?
Duty to the F.rnivror, i.j^ot the eon j-^^r > f th.' EmUrh
Shijs foiin.! in the I'r hurt a certain NuiUng Dn/ckw-,
that told th" Fitiperor llrange S'nries (,f his cwn Conn::,]
.ind extolled his King of IfcLmJ tn the Skir<, .is th'
gtrateff and moll jxitvrt I'rince in all that I'.irt et th"
Worli', togetlur with a vail dral of lr,!i Stiiff .is th.if.

Kut he, wh') underlhxid the J-rP'tt I.an'^uage, tl)o' t'le
Du!:hi:jn thought he had r.ot, toM him h-.-Yor'- the f'rpi'c
ror, he need not have told his .Maief^y fo loud a I .ye as
that, lira- all the World knew th-y had no Kir;'; in He'.-
I.!hJ, bvit only a Stadr hohh r, who did not fo iniieh govern
the Pui])lc, as the People govern hmi -, and when-as he
had. the l-'orehead to lay, that his King, as he called hi.;;,
held all other Princes tn C1iii;lendo;ji m .Svibjeftion. Itw.-,-,
well knosvn, the Kinr^ of [if^Ln.l U.x.\ Nen his Cuiintrv's
Protfiffor, or they |-,a i n-ver Ix-en 111 a Condition to co:::c
and n'..ike a Noile abroad in the World. The l):i::l.~:.n
was It I'eems, pretty much co"founded to lofe his K in-
fo all of a fudiien -, but there was no Help for it, and t.':?
SfamjrJi ard I'crtu^utze that were thi-r.-at the lame tir--,
wi II knew the Truth of what was laid. Vyav\ th- wh'.'ie,
our Author adds, tliat tlie Company sserc extreandy d:-
v tt!.l with this I'al'ag-, iwA that thVr was old Liiit;!i;r'.-,
i!pc(ia;:y an-oiig the huroff.ifti, to f.r ihr Du,\tm.t:;][t
fx-wildercd tr> find out th;s K "[•, w.'mh ihey very v..'.
knew lie could nes'er do

All tliel'c Tranfartiors happT"d di. ::••;; the f f-rin' rt
Mr. .ii,:m.i, who f^f\.t the Rrn-..in 'er ot h. Days sMt.'i
Honour in J.ii»n, svhrr- lie <}xc .\i\\ in 16.; .- , i -it with
rrljK-ct J- y of the lu (•■ •o-'t A.Mior^ '( Ki< 1 j: . ■^•(j
are not i rded in any of tfie W rt'rs I ^ iv ni;t w.ta ;
but though there Ix- finuihtn;^ s* ry l:.;gt,lar tn thi«, ytt I
t! rk It much more (hai.gp, that we have no ('ilhr.ct Ac-
(1 u: t of flic 1 inu- that the F.rg.'i'h withdrew thenihlve*.
Iii-m this (. ovntiy, or if the Rralbns sshich uvhired them
to lake t!ut St' j) ; but, I i!iink it is pretty cLar, that thry
were re'uced. thereto, either by the Frauds, or hy thr
Power r.'f t!ie Duib ; for it is clear c.iough from the In-
t-r*. which the Ke.ider has alreai'y f.-en, but eljvcially from
tile lad, thit thi It: twij Nations begin to lim'er ss-ith eaih
<)t!ier as liKin as tliey fi)unii that thev were brconie teo
llroiig fur the P^rtu^-.ifZt. It was after tht Fxpiil:iun of
thr ld> mriit;(.ned Nation, that the Dui.h h>unil thrm-
Irivts not a little hurt by their own Politicks-, tor havinf;
t.ivjght the 'Jdftntje hosv to be en tlieir Guard againlf all
I orrign Nations, this drew upon tliem thot'c HarJDiij s
whu h t!K y liave laL^ourcd urder ever lince, thmigh the-.-
have nut fparev! any l'a;;'s to free t.'ie.T.f-'vts from liich dil-

.)t Iparev! any
.!c Vlaiks of

«- 1

.i-.-e

agreeable Maiks of flaVidj Subniiflion \ but as svc
airraiy intfted lufF.iiertly upon this Point in another Flaci
We fliail not dwell upon it any lo"ger here.

iJcfore we conclude tint Seiftion, however, it will le
pto]^r to t.ike iiotiu (d a Traidai^lini wluth is ret ion:-
iiio:dy known, .111, 1 iliat li, of ;in Att'iiijt ina'ic b\ u-
iii rtiovrr the ( onimiMe ol 'Ja^cn \\\ the Year i'>7; It
lerrns to have l.e, 11 iindert.iken by tfi- l-.^li- In.itJ Cuini .i:;y,
(01 the Ship I'.iit foi th.t Purpole lailid Iron) t!ie A'lf.V'^'

ta.l.iv

ill F:^1!Ci,>Stli

Chap. II.

of W 1 J. L I A M A o A M s.

u liardly rtrJits it havir^

':r!.! to tlirmirlvfs: (>,?
Mo:irl'y in tlv.lL- I',,;t; of
1 ; ami th;- rathir, Ivc.rjfc
It Fmi'cror ot'y,;/:it|i;^.
rhor 1" i«^ there to do h;?

e (■ni;i"j ( ) tfi • /:»(;>.'//S

crt.i;;i Ni.iiliiif; Dii/aW",
nrj". (,f hi, cwii Count; V,
iin.i to t.'if Skir«, a^ the

I'lit fi> ir.ticfi j^ovcrn

rn in .i Cnmlition to cd.tc
NV.r.M. The 7).v,'.-;',-:.:«
fMiiulcil to luff hi'; Kiri'

at fhrr ■ W.IS o!i! I.u:;;'iir<',
J, H) I r thi- n:tr:hiir.:; .'a
r.'^, wiiuli thry very w.r.

-tl iiii::";;fhr I !'-tin'r|
rr-iin 'i-r ot hi' D.iys w.'.h
c w'.W in i6; : , ; -it wuh
A>'ti()r< '1 h-<, 1 it . •'-fy
.".rt-t^ I ^ ;v- ,T.;i w.tii 1

l".u'tory at Baittam, and arrived l.ofore tlic I laven ot A^,;«-
f^iiz .•?«.', wtucli IS the oiJy one tlic Duub aic pfriniitrj to
K lort to, on tl;e joth of Jiiiir. As luon as the Ship uiv
jicartd in Sight o\ the }'ort, th^rc came otV two N'trtcL,
one carrying a [Japonrfe, an,' the dther a Duub i l.ij; i Init
,<n their toiiiini;; up to the £«;?////!) Ship, ilicy h.ili.\l ihem in
rcilugKizr, and demandixi wiicna- thi-y (unir ? 1 he Cap.
Uin anlwcrcd in hiigli/J}, and in Dutch, that ht i .inu' tioni
titgliwJ; upon which the J,ipenejf OHiccr dirci'ttd hini to

869

llun nluT the /).(riA Form, or the Fortu^ucz:'^ Tlufe
<silii'llions U'lin^ all anlwcrtd, tlicy pioccedi'd next to take
an f\Ai\ An oiint of all the Bales of Merchandize on board
rlie Ship, and drew up a kind of Bill of Lading With great
I'.KHi'liinK, Attn- this tiie ( iovernor afked, it other Ships,
did Mtii |,ii| with tiicm from Hn^' »J? what was become of
thrm i how lon[5 they llavcd at Bantam ? and what other
I'Urrs ihcy had Ijcen ,u in the Eaft- Indies if Thefe Qii.f-
iiont III iiiji; aniwcreil to his Satistaftion, the Governor re-

l.t go h.s Anchor to torb.d his Trumpet to plav, and tu |u..d to, Rood and all, an.1 carried away with him what had
forlxar tinng his Guns ; to all which Demands Ik readily Ikt,, delivcied up to him. Un the 30th of the fame Montii

'"' t'tKie 0" I'o.ifil again, attended by his Secretary and In-

liibmitted

Alter remaining at Am hor about two Hours, there came
otT two Boats, in one of winch was the (Governor, and \m
Secretary, accompanied by an Interpreter, who fpoke Per-
tii^ut-c, and in the other Hoiit there were tuiir Interpre-
ters, wlio all ot them fpoke Dutch. As loon as they came
on Boani, the ( aptain condnclcd them to his Cabin, and
when all iiad taken their proivrr Places, the tiovernoi alked
him very gravely, it he wai an Enj^liflman, ami what his
Bulinels was d\en i" He anfwered, that he was m\ EH^^lijh-
mun, that he was chargeii with a Commiliion troi'ii i!ie
king his Mailer to re-clhiblilh the Irade fetdeil liy his
SuDieCb titty Veais before in 7<j;i5n. 1 le added, that lie
w«s charged with a l-etcer fiom his ^in/fl'.';// /(• Ma|rlly,
and another tioni the Ai7/r /«..'/(» Company, a Idittled to
the Emperor ot y^-fc'! \ ai-.ti at the laiiic time that he li«iil
this, he producid a Lopy ot iIk Privileges granted to thu
JiKgiiJb liy liie !Miii)ti()r, written in Japvnejc L harai^teis,
whicli the Governor having read, wai very importiinati- tor
tlic Original under the I'.irjjciors Seal. I'he Er.f^lijb C'a|v.
tain, however, told hiin ingcnuoully, it was not in hm
Power to prfxiuce tl),u, becaule tl\r Emperor had demanded
it (hould be delivcreii up at the Time the En);li/b ijiiitteil
fapoM, with which they lould not refute to comply, i he
Governor then put up the Copy of tlic I'livileges, but pro-
inifed the En^ltjb Captain, il.at as toon as an Antwcr came
from Court to Ins Kciiuell, lie would deliver It up,

Alter a Ihort Siluince, the (iovernor alked him, it i',//i,'.
knd w.is at I'e.ire with Spain and Puriugal ? What Reli-
gion ilie Eny^liih weir off It it was a long time tince King
(Jjiirlci had married the Daughter of the King of Poriu-
^al? and how many Children he had by her? I'liii very
plainly theweii, that the Jtiponfic were very inquilitiv:-, and
at tlie lame tunc very well iidormed as to the At^'airi. of
l.urot-c. riie Ca['i.iin aniwered, without Hefitatioii, that
the Enx'tt-b wire at I'eacc with iill the WurkI, that it vva'.
true King Cburics had married the Daughter ot the King
ot reitM/^.i!, but that he bad no Clnl-'ren by lus QiR-rn \
and that as to Ueligion, tlv E»giifi> wcie hkh lort ot Chri-
ttians as the Dutch, and not luch toit of Chrillians us the
ftrtuf^utzf, or Sp.tiuarji ■, tliitt the Culloni ot ht0^pt u'--
quired Kings to marry Pctluiis ot like K.uik with them-
felvcs ^nii never tlie D.mghters of their Sub)<.i'^ts. 'I'n all

rh' /-.-'/■ /tf./(jCuini,.iriy,

1-- l.iil'd from t!ie A'!?.''/-'

tj.-Mv

this he added tarikT, that h.; h.id I'reknt^ ol great X'.ilue
for his Imperial Majeity •, at which ihc G..veinor lunnd
tu \)c vfry much plcalcii, and lix)n alter retired. In .iboiu
two 1 lours 1 line rx returned ag-un, .uid tlien toKl the C.ip.
tain, tlwt if the t'xt'J^ would iv lati-fied with luch a Trade
as tlveDa/i A enjoyed, very pofiibiythe.v m.ghtDkaiii \<\ but
then, aicordiiH^ to theCullomoi the Country, it would bo
tit tor them ti» tend their t ant-on ,ind their Aiiiiv.i uiion
athore ■, alter fi'nich he wouKl intoim t!ic l-iiiperiM 1 1 ev( rv
thug, and th.it alt. 1 1 reiving hislmfHTialM..ieity'sAi.:wer,
il ir'ijrovtd tavour.'.ble, he w.is willing to tun.ith ih, m M:i!i
a Houfe. 1 he Cipiiin u«jk all thi. in good Pait . he de.
hvertdiiphis .'^rmsaiul .AmnHiniiioii, and ttiliiVid the lio.
Ttrnor, who l)ro'i6;iit With him a gre.it NiimU'i ot aruted
Burs to ttation •.'leni as lie tiinught lit; wliah h' did, by
r.ingiiig foiiie .i-lKTid, (unc a-ltcrr\, and e.uiling a doublr
Line 10 .uieiior on c.icn Mdc ul tne VeiUI, aii.t all withm
halt Cannon S!iot.

Tins i)eing iione, ihr Gov>.im!r came aboud af,»in, at-
t.-ndcvl by hs Inteiprcier, who was a Du.A'uuiu, mA m
v.tvun he'ii.ui a gie.ir v^unfn' ■nc-f. andcsaininid rv.iy one
ot th.- Ship's Coinprty, p-irtiuiiaiiv rull us t«> h,). Lnun
t-v, whether he •. .tsan'/-.»,'.' ,'/';w.i.;, .md not a l\v ii,);uti,' »*
V hrther he h.ui ever ULr.\ in /'nv«<'i;.', or lould lp>-.ik the
I .iiigu.i-e ol th.lt Cc.e.lr. ' ,i..>; wScther I.e ns.is a I hn

\\ -.in. I.I\.

leriiirteis, III- was received with all imaginable Civility
and Orcmoiiy by the Captain, and after they were Hated
togethei in Ills ('.ibbiii, he proceeded to nuke a kind of
l>ilioiiile to thi. I.tfea ; That it w.is true, there had l-en
tornuily an E'i:!jhV\\i\ory mjapon, that tliofe who corn-
poled It had betii very well treated, and never had ex-
prelU'd any lint ot DiHatisfadion-, notwithlhnding which.
It was now forty-nine Years lince any Englifl) Ship had en-
tered their I'orts, and therefore he would be glad to know
the Canle ot li) long an Abfence, as alfo the Caufe of their
I timing thither again. If we depend upon this Governor's
t aleuLition, it would li.x the Time of withdrawing the Eng-
lijh l''a»'lory to the Year 1(124, and then it would appear,
thill Mr. .tMirns fiirvived that Event near fcvcn Years; but
it tli.it wrre the Cafe, it may feem fomcwhat difficult to
.iieouiit Itir the Engli/h knowing when his Deceafe hap-
|M*neil, unlefs we fuppofc that they received the News from
the tiulch, which, as it is very probable they might, we
may look upon this as a Point fettled.

Hut to rettirn to the Captain, who in anfwer to the
Speech made him by the Japonefe Governor, rold him,
that UH to the Caul'e why the Fadtory broke up, he could
liiy nothing to it at all, as being totally unacquainted there-
with, Th.it as to their long Abt'encc, he conceived it might
be produced by that Confufion into which his Country had
been thrown by the Civil Wars that happened not long
alter \ that fincc that Time they had been likcwife engaged
111 two very long and bloody Wars with the Dutch, and
that alter lb long an Intetmillion, it was a thing cxtreamly
dilVutilt to Itnd a Pilot capable of condudting a Ship to their
CtMl), which in Europe w.is repreli^nced as a very difficult
and peiilou* Voyage. I'he Governor heard him with great
Attention, and alked him, when he had done fpeaking,
whethri he had not on Board his VelTei fome Perlbn who
had made that Voyage before ? the Captain anfwered, that
he tad not ■ Why then, replied the Governor, How came
you hithtr ? the Captain anfwered him, that they had tome
old than-, which were exad enough for that Purpofe, a>
they huil found by Experience.

The (iovernor teemed mighty well fatisticd with fo fair
«id to diltiiie'l an Account, and when he returned to thi:
Town, lelt Ins Secretary on Board to receive all the relt ot
the ,\tms and Amnuinition they had, in which he was I'o
rx.ii.'t, that he took away with hiin fome double l)arrelled
l-'owliM]; piei.s, th.it were part of the Prcfent intended tor
the I'.iiipi roi { but he made a very curious and cxaft Inven-
tc»iy ot every thing that he got into his Hands, and g.ive
a I opy ol It, lignul by way of Security, to the Captain.
Alter all was over, they p.arted very good Friends, and the
Seuit.iiy told him, that fo far as depended upon him, no-
lhii\;A Ihould be wanting th.it might procure him a favour-
able Antwer from liis Court ; for which the Captain tliaiiL-
ed him, .ilVuring hiin at the lame time, that hisN.uion had
an intiie Conlidence in the Japonefe.

On the tirlt of "Ju!y the Goverr.or and his Interpreters

came on Hoard again, and alked fever.il Qiiertions ; anel

upon ihii Occ.ilion there happened a Dilpute between the

Captam and the /)«/<•/' Interpreter, who confidently allertcd,

that the Captain h.id tol.l him leveral things which that

liiiitleman allirmed never einered into his Head. The

(luverimr upon this took a frelh Account ot every Man

tliat w.is .ilioard, letting down his Name, h;s Age, his

I'lnployincnt \ and vWien he li.id done this, he dellred the

t apiain to pirp.ire an cx;;rt Lilt of wh.it Commodities

every Man h.id to dilpof- of, as alio of what belonged to

the Coinp.iny , and then took rhe Diinenlions ot the Ship,

,.| ih,- Malt . Vaid'.. br At hit Depa.iure, he durged

iw M ';'•'•

1! f

1!ii.

I ill

S-o

1 funhiFI AiiOurA of the Aizcntiocs

Hook I.

I- (■'.

%'m^:: •<:,

' ?!1

'III

the CiptA.ii. if Iv; w.;ntr.l any thiiij;, to nuke icn.iin Sir,-
naU, whiih he nKiitioiu-d ; ami at the laiiir tune tolJ hiin,
that in cale any ol lii> People dial. Ik- ihoiiIJ make two
Sii^nal*. ar.J thouKi luit throw the Hixly over till they eaiiu-
aikl ixair.incil it. Ihe Day tollowin^; the- IntcriHitcrs aiul
loinc C.i;'n[lemen ot the Knv, cror's Court, lame on Ikanl
in thi Mon'.irp, an,! alkeil aiuimlana- ot' Qiiellionj, to all
winch the Captain gave Inch clear and tiiUUK't Ai-lwcr?:,
that thrv l'i-cnic>.l prrttctly latibticii.

Till y returned a^ain alter i>iniier, ami brought a I'jeat
Qiiarifily it Rrhflhments, \vhu!\ hail Ixcn IxHi^ht I'V the
Laptain ot the Dm. I' Ships anil at a very high V\w<:,
Mhich, however, the /•Hjf.i/t' Captain rrceivrd with niikh
Conip'.anaiiir, ar.J t< rtilicd his i hanks lor them, as il it
hill htvn a prrat lavonr •, ami at the lame time ckliied
Icav to hoii't his Kla^, and to lonnd his Triimi-cts, winch
IVciamis were i;rantcd. The tollowinR Days were Ij^nt
miKh ri the lame manner; that is to lay, the faiw I'trkms
came in Iv ard, and liill alked alinnvlancc ot Ciudhor.s
which tnrneii chielly upn Kel;r,ion, and the DitVcrcnct Ix-
twecn the }-aiih prctelied hv the Pei :uiuczf uuMifamiirJs,
and that h- id l>y the Aire':/?" and /;;//./•, which, it may i<
r-niiy tiipi\iltti, gave the in a guoil dial ot Irouble on Ixjtii
Sides.

At L;>. on t!ie ;Sth ot 7"-!s a'x'"" ' ^ " '" •''* Morn-
inc,.t!i' pr.r.fipal SrCKtant^. with aoiindance ot IiitrrpiT-
ttrs, afd a !arj:e Train i>i .\ttcmlance, came on Koarki the
Ship, i;i order to ir,t r.n the Captain that they had received
M^ Anlwcr trom Coun, and that it was l>y no means
>*voi;r.ibie. It ainou'.tu., in fliort, to thu, ihat Ins Im-
jxr.il MjuP.y had <'.clared he could not permit any Cum-
mcrci in tis nor-mions to tin Subic^ts ot a Frime who
had ei|inrud the l)ar ,hter ot the KinR ot Vcrtuga!, the
j>rim:;'il Kntmy of mm and hi-- Kn'pire, ami t!ut there-
tore he was to jxeparc hiniitlf lor tailing as looti as it was
potTibic.

Th- Captain teprcfrnttd n;v:>n thi;, that the Scal'on of
the Year ccnlidercd, it wjs Imply imp.ll'iblc lor hnn to
itir, and iherelurr he lu>[x:d they wo*;; 1 uliow t.im t » I'tav
nil ill- \ r<4ir Seal'on, and the Kttnrn i.t the Iiadr-Wmci,
pave him an Oj jxjrtnnty if pnxcuiin;; ti.rncc witii .s.il.ty.
'i<> whi.h realonable IJcnum! they, without any (-rcat Dilh-
ciiity, contented ; '1 .'.c Ca;iain trom tins took occalVni to
projxjl'i- ai-.otiiT tinrg, wIkcIi, lie li-lievtd, would have
Ixen as iraCily j^rarted, Imm the Sorrow and Conctrn
wliiiii thci-. ^(>cxl I'lople tx; relied. In flioit, the l-iond
l-«vojr 11! aik.d was tin*, tliat lincc he had lixnt two Years
in his Voyaj.',.", and lince it was not prob.ibl- they IhsKiid
ever have an Op|^>rtuinfy of purchahnj', A«f /»/i Commo-
dities a^ain. he miul.t have Ixave (;ivcn him to dil(>ol(- ol
his pa;. ;.t t .ir,-/) : Bi:t the Ktreptii.ii f;;vrn to this I'rojio-
fition was very dill'iK-nt tnun what he ix(xited ; he was
told, tiiat nunc n the l.mpi;.- duitl e;rhtr adventure tu
pu.-cii.ilt. any ot the tuxxis he had on l{<jard, nor to ruurh
as to requiit a Licrr.cc lor that I'urpolc Iron, Court, wliere,
when oil I- a Rcloh.tu n was tak-n, it was abloJutety tinal,
and iM'tc was no ('enrnf^ it either river:"<-d or reviewed.
To trfldy, liowrvci, their own po-xl Wili to t!ie ( aptaiii,
anii It lt« * ii.ni l-.ow ready t^ ••■ were to do any ihin^ they
rould to oblige iim, tiiey loi U;.t<d tiat he (hiund purchale
I'rovi;!' ns, and wiiattver other Nenfi'ariis he wanted.
With Mertham i^e, anJ not wiili Mi/ny.

It in f.i.f w]:o;c Courle ol thtli- IVocie.'ng the Captain
met with many thing-- that lurpri/.cd hmi, there was irti:- fell
t i;t mt.fc fini! pf t.'jn ail ll" I'd, and it was tJir, that the
'J<'p''r': Ctf.vc.T.tr a i^naintrd him wiili mfirc ol the Aljairj
ol hirCj't tiian he ssas Mailer ot i lor dilcouriiiiR ol tiie
/Jh/.f War', l.r incjuirvii how Ion;; the l-tif^lijb had been
at IVicc witli tut Natitn? and np-^jn the Captain's yiving
hi.Ti 1 >.iar A: iw. r, and ti^cntKjrnr.f^ alio the 1 line ol hi>
own Icp^rtiiie trom /•(i^/.jwJ, the ( lovernor re, linl, then
yi;U k; • ■• r.othli .f ot the Attempt made to i onqurr the
Duiih by vuut Mailer, in C>n!ei'erj(y with tiu- Kuig ot
/r.;)), r.arii! { n. H'lliopol .\/w;r/?rr, and that iluy arc already
Mailers ol three oi t.-.c Irvcn rrovmcts .> I he Captain at-
fured hi.ii, that he ('id not, and that the New-- vny much
furpnzrd ii:;n. II')WcVi!, I,'- very eaChV undirlb.ixl In/tii
ihcnce, th.it he waj veiy httlc oMigril to the Dutib lor
t.i..i uVJj Uiii.-.i in liiia Ntgc/tiati'jii.

Before his Departure, lie relolvei! to nuke another
Trial as to what mn;ht be done herealtei ; and with th-
View, he enquired ol the Governor, whether, alur i)'
Death of the CJiieen ot Eti^land, it nii(.;linH)t'be ijonibf
for hu MajelfyVs Subjects to obtain Laave to trade' *"
J.ipon ? I'o which the ■Japcncft Otticer mlkIc him tins re'
markable .\nlwer, that he would not advilc the l.nfliih t,
make Inch .\n Attempt ; lor that as the Sweat oiuc exp .jJ*
never tound an I'.ntranic again into the luinian Bovly, i, 'tj,c
Ordcis of the i-'.m|Kro; once illucd, tlic Matters which wca
lioneilihem never more found admittance into hisMmd A;|
the I'lme they rcm.iined in the Port, the dovcrnor, his .S>'.
cretary, and other Officers, made them frequent Vifits ani
tatigned tlicm with an inhnite Numlx'r ot intricate' aiul
fomcol them very impertinent (.^ellicns, winch gave'th^m
a preat deal ot i'loiible ; but if wc except this, they were
in all other things ufeil with as much Kindnels and Civility
as It was jxitfible. When the Seatbn came that they miaht
depart with Safety, the Governor came on Baud, ami
brought with him all that he had taken trom them, exapr
thtir Powder, which he declared it viu not in his Power
to put on Board till they were ready to fail ; but at the
tame tim< he toKI the Captain, that he would take care
no:'.e ot the Duicb Slni)s ihould rtir out of Port, till he had
time to get laic to liar.tam, bccaule, as he was informed
theic was a War broke cut lietwccn the two Nation";.

On the iSth of .-higuj: \t-j\, the Wind being tair, the
Captain received politive Orders to tail without Delay,
winch 3cco^^ingly he did, fully pcrluaded in hinilrlf, thjt
il It had not been for the Intrigues ol the Dutch, he might
have luccceded in liw I>clij»n, and have railed his Reputi-
tioti by the etVedhjal Kxetution of his CommilTion, 1 \\n
IS certainly the lart Attempt made in our Favour, and in
all probability, it is the lall that will lie ever maiie, unlcw
a more enterprising Spirit fhonid rite in liicceeding tjeiic-
ratioas than fecms to ac4u.ite the pretent Uace oi Brttcns.
In the luccecdmg Volutnc we Hull inlert fome tarthcr Ac-
counts ot tins Country ; but betore we dilmiK this Suh^ccr,
It cannc: but be agreeable to the Reader tj lee tiic grcjt
Maxim of the Japonrlt, njion which our l-,xclulion is plainly
bunt, V!/.. 'Ilx Rrjcluiicn of .dmiitinii nj SiruM^tn itiotbtir
Cauntn ch any Tfrmi, explained, anil let in a clear light,
the rather, becaiile the I'xamination of this Point wi;l na-
turally lead us to cx])lain lome others that will render the
Connec'fion of this Dilcuurle more ealy and obviousthir.it
won! 1 oiherwile be.

i'tic original (iovcrnment of Japcn was by an ablblute
Monarch, in whole Pttion were united all thole Characters
that naturally give a l.utlre to a Man m the Pyes of his
own SjKTies. i !e h.ul Ijclides the Regal Dignity, that ot
head i'riell, t'upream Legillator and l>irector ot th:r Purees
ot the l\mpire all invetled in him i but as iuie atut elle-
whcrc Ability Is not always annexed to Bloixl, lii :t fell
out, that fomc ot theli; lupreatn Monarchs, who in their
own I«angu.ige arc lliled Djiry, which ligniiies elevated
1 .ord. Were in tome mealure governed by thole to whom
tiiey intrnlfed the Coiinnand ot their lorces ; and tins
jinme Minitler, and (jencral in chief, had i!.c 1 itle ot
Cubi-.^amj, whith has very near the fame Sigi,.:ie,i:ion with
the Turkijh Title of I izir-zizem, th.it is, m^/l iliminiiti,
or msjl reipUndtM! Lord ; and at length the Lutio->amu \x-
lamc la Paft the Matter of the P.nijnie, and the D^iry had
the Title only, or at the moll an empty Shadow ot Authu-
i:ty, ttf rather ot -Sovereignty.

This l/i'urpation in th-- Cuh-'-Sama'i bfgan about the
twelltii Century, and oiealionnl great Wars and Dillur-
liar.ces in Japcn, from whence arole ilut Muiiiiude ot little
Kingdoms and PriiKi])alitiei into wliieii this Ci ry was
divided, when hrll it was vilitcd by the t.urop"i'.>. For
when the Govenxjrs of Pruvincei law that tin- t-'w ijwa'j
hail made lu tire with then Lairds and Mailers tlk Duiry'i,
ssho were, and llill are, ticattd with divme Honoui , they
thonjtht theie might be lei's Crime in re lltling tlicle lawlcls
Minillers, arid to !■ t thimUlvc-s up tor Km^^i j ' '■ Princes.
im.oSnma, which is anutlur I itlc of Horn i.i, tho' uled
by moU Writers, aid [aituularly by luch a^ I have tran-
Imbcd in tins Vriiun as a piojicr N.nne, was the nrll who
loriiicd a IXlijjn ot making the Cui^-iumii a. al luiut^ as

evc-r

•t ,. ;

m':^

Book I.

i"lv«! to make another
c hrrcalt.i -, aiul with thij
i-rnor, vlutlur, alter thf
'• 't "T^l't I'.ot U- |x,n-ih|f
•liMin l^avc to tudf III
Otiiccr m.uir lum tins re-
i not a(H-ilc tin- l-.n^liit, ,„
IS tlic Swcit ()iucrx|-,;ii^
to the liunun BikIv, t.i the
i1, tlicM.utcrN which uca-
nittancc into his Miiul, Al!
'ort, the ( luvcrnor, his.S>'.
■ thcin treqiient Vifus, am]
NumlxT ot intricate, ami

[ucllicns, which gave th?m
we cxcejit this, they were
nuch Kiiuliiels and Civility
ilbn came that they might
nor came on Baud, and
J taken tiom them, exapt
d it was not in his Power

ready to Tail -, hut at the
. that he would take care
rtir out of Port, till he had
iuie, xs he was informed,
vccn the two Nation';.

the Wind being fair, the
:rs ti) fail without Delay,

jxrrluaded in hinildf, that
ucs ot the Diiiih, he might
ml have railed his Kepi;ta
of his ComiiiilTion. 1 his
adc in our i'avour, and i-i
; will lie ever made, unlcu
Id rite in hicceedmi; Ijrnc-
ic prelent Kace ol A'ri.'cw.
uli infert fonic tartl.cr Ac-
ore we dilmiK this SubTcr,
ic Rta>ier tJ Ice tiic ^nat
nch our l-,xchilion is plainly
iltiug ns Simn^fri trto ibtir
ll, anil let m a tiear Light,
atioii of this Fiiint wi;l ;u-

>thers that will render the
ealy and obvious than it

Japan was by an abfoiute
initcd all tholi; Charattcrs
Man in the I'yes of !iis
he Regal n!j;nity, that nl
nd l^irerfor ot the lorces
but as lure arui clle-
ncxcd to Blixxl, fo ;: (ell
Moiiarths, who in their
winch lif^Miies e!rvated
vrrncd by thole to whom
their iortcs ; and tins
chief, had the i ide ot
;lie fame Sigiu.icolion with
th.it !•., m^il iliuiintu!,
ngth the Luvo-.^ama k'-
niimi-, and the Dury had
empty Mwdow ol Authu-

Sjma'i be(;an about the

(Jtrcat Wars and Uillur-

)L- clut Miiiiitudeot hnle

wliaii this C( ry was

by the huijpfi:,. I'or

law that tut- Lm )jma's

and Matters tlii. Dutry'i,

nil ilivmel Idiioui , they

m r( (liliiif; liicic liwlcls

. tor Kin;,s a ' : Primes.

le of Hon. i.i, tho' Ulcd

■ by luih as 1 li.ivf tran-

N.aiie, was the nrll «lio

Csu.-im'ifii *•' abloiut.': as

ever

Chap. 11.

<?/ W I L L r A M Adams.

871

ever the 7)a;ry had been ; but he fulTercd himfelf to be di-
verted from this Scheme by the Invafion of Corea.

1 lis St)n, whole Name, according to the Japonrfi Chro-
nicles, was Fidt-Jori, fucceedtd him, and is the young
Prince mentioned by Captain Saris, whole Tutors rebelled
againll him, and who was at laft deprived of his Kmpirc

without doubt, confirmed by the D:i!cb, who have left no
Method untried ; and, indeed, who can blame them for
it, to keep this prolitable Commerce entirely to them-
felves.

Thcfe Obrei^fations and Remarks have coft me a great
deal of Pains and Trouble; but if they prove entertaining

by that Monarch, who granted the Privilege of fettling in and fatisfac^ory to thofe judicious Perfons, who have hithcr-
Japoti to the /c«?///Zi,- and whole Name, according to the to exprelled a Regard for this Work, I (hall think they ;iro
Chronicles before- mentioned, was Jcfi-'Jas, which explains fully repaid ; and it is from the Hopes of this that I fliall
the hfinmg of his Letter, and ot the Articles -, for as to adventure to clofe this SeAion with tome Thoughts on the
the 'I'ltic at the Head ol them (Ogn/hof,mma) it is a Cor-
ruption of the Words Cuim-.^'ama. After the Defeat of the
young Piince, who in the Letters herein cited is railed

f;.;',;;, hc reii^ned without .ny tartlier Diljiutc ; and nil the
liiccceding Cubo-Sama's. whi.r.i our moikrn Writers call

L;n)p> rors of Japan, are his iliredt Hi fccndants. 1 le was
the (^reatell Polititian that ever this Country produced, and

ius Maxims have been lleaddy lollowed by all his Suc-

ctflbis.

Thcfe MaxinK were to reduce all the little Kingdoms

into I'rovinces u\ his b.nipiir, winch he etlVJted, to extir-
pate the Chnftian Religion from a Principle of I'olicy,

tliat the Fecple niir,ht not be induced to take up Arms

ngainll their Lmperors from a Notion of Religion •, and

upon the tame Principle hi.s SuvCtlTors expelled all Foreign-

tis, and rcllrained the Jnponcfe from going out of their

Means of recovering this long loft Trade, As we are ex-
cluded at prefent from Japan, upon a Principle of Policy
«nly, and not from any aftual Mifdemeanour, as was the
Cafe of the Porlugurze, who, under Colour of propagating
the Chriltian Religion, interfered with the civil Concerns
of that Nation, anil <',avc their Government a great deal of
'i'roubic, lb, I conceive, that the only way to obtain Ad-
mifl'ion again into JiJpon, is to remove the Prejudices that
have been conceived againll us.

This too, I apprehend, might be very eafily done, if
the Government of that Country were apprized of the
Chango that has Iiappened in our ConlVitution, by which it
is become in poflible that any of our Princes (hould ally
themlllvis by Marriage, either to the Crowns of France,
Spain, or any other Popilli Power. I do not pretend to
fay, that this would aflord them any real Security, or that

own Country : For, it was the fettled Opinion of this new they would be at all in lefs Danger from us now than they

Le[;illaior, that the only Way for him and hi'- Family to
rtign m Peace, was to exclude all I'liourjif. ot Novelties,
and to keep tlie iVople dofely to their old l^iws and C u-
floms, which he thought were bell adapted to the Main-
tenance of the Imperial Dignity, and to their own Happi-
nrfs. It, in b'.xeeption to tlii.s gai.Tal Rule, the Cijiutfe,
the Si'iineft, and the Diicb, aie allowed Ibme kind of
Coirnierce in this F.nipirtt y^ t it is ar!;,iinll the Cirain, and
iortiary to the M.ixinis ot th^ir I'hIh y, a", appears plainly
by the tevere RellriCfions under v. iiic'i thcte Nations are

were before ; but th'.n, if it be confidered, that they were
in no Dant'.er then, and are in no Danger now, but that
their Apprehenlions How entirely from an ill-grounded Pre-
judice, the removing that Prejudice, however ill-ground-
ed, may be of Ule to us. In the next place, if the Dutch
have a great Commerce wit'i the Chinefe at Balavia, and
are thereby enabled to furnilh a proper Cargo for Japattt
we have a direct Trade to China, and confequently lie
under no Iiinieiiiment that Way, as we did at the Time
our former Factory was fettled there. But it will be faid,
I low ih.ill Uv: Jnpcnefe be informed of this ? Can it be cx-

ailowed t.. carry on liv. a Commerce, it is no lelr, certain,

that the Japonfjt hate and delpile thole very Nations with

whom they trade, for fubmitting to thete Regiilations,

winch were no lefs intended to ejiercife, and even to wear the very Qucftion •, for, I conceive, that if they were once

<iut their Patience, who were to be llibjcded to them, than fatisfied in that Point, the reft would very eafily follow.

pcfted that the Dutch will acquaint them ? and if they will
not, how are they to be informed ? Why, truly, that is

tor their Security and I'rcrervation,by whom, and for whole
fakes, they were inipjlid.

For it is to be ubfived, that the Inhabitants of this

r.n-.

The Means therefore that I would propofe, ihould be
the landing in the Northern Part of the great Illand of
Niphoii, two or three Perfons properly inftrufted, who,

re, onlidered tr«ely, and without I'rejudice, areas under pretence _of Sliipwreck, might defire and obtain a
wil.-, as quick-witted, .IS ieniible, as generous-, and as well
brut .1 IVople as there are upon the Face of the F,.irth.
'I'h.y love Fr.edom, and underlland it nauh better than
•ill other Nations ; they conlider tluir Laws as Fences to
that Fitrdom, and t'r.relorc never repine at the .Sl verity
witli which they are executed ; but call that Tyranny, which
nccecvis the M.-afui.: of thole Taws, bec.uiie this proceeds
from i!ic Pnncc lunilMf •, whereas Severity, in tlii llxecu-
tion ot Jutlicc, proceed;, liom the common Depravity of a
Nation. In one thing thiir I^nw is very remarkable 1

till V h.ive Atuind.rs as Will as we; but if a Man expiates , :' ,1 u i r . 1

h 5 ( );Venie by voluntary Death, his Family lulFrrs nothing to this Scheme, luch as, that it will be found extreamly
in iioour. Pe.lon, or Proputy. Tins palllon.i-e Love hard, if not impotrible, to meet with Perfons, either c.^pa-

ural Boldn; Is and Cont.-mpt ble, or willim; to undertake it. But I have confidered thefe

Pallap.e to the Dutch Port ; and as this is the biggeft of the
three lllands that conniole the F.mpireof Japan, I conceive,
that in their PatVage acrofs ir, they might have many Op-
portunities, efpecially if they took Pains to learn the Lan-
guage, to inform a People lb inquifitive as thefe are, of the
Paruuilars which it concerns us moft that they fhould
know ; and it at a proper Scalbn a Ship fhould be lent from
the Coatl of China to the Port of Nangazaqui, to enquire
after thcfe People, it might atVord us an Opix)rtunity of
feeling the Pulfes at leall of the Japoneje once more.
I forelee a Multitude of Objertions that may be made

t>i l-re: dom, joined to their natural Boldn; Is .md Coiu.-mi)t
oi l)e,ith, m.ide them love the /i»(:<V/j extreamly, of which
1 cxn pve thf Rea.!'r a Viry finp'aUr Proof, which at the
lam- tune wiii ::1.4ve a lyilliiulty, tlut I mull conti-l's,
when I liril entntd iipor thisScclion, I thought .iblolutdy
jeyon.l tne Re.ich of >i.lu:nm.

'Ihev have amoni',ll ilum a I'li'e of Honour, which
liiey call Canu, which tin- Spamju and Poriuinr:.,- Writers
i; cig!;' cijuiv.ilent t.) Knigiirhood ; and the F'Cii.h, who
oily'itanlcribr thofe Authors, render it by the Word Cne-
\aiier. i I. IS Honour ihty lo.derred upon our Cuuntiy-
mtn .iaunn .md Captim i\.v:. ; .uid liom hence, beyond
<.)U' !lion, they canu' to b; llil<-d the Ciuvalier-i .hLm and
and, I coiurive, that it was a DilliniHion no other
it hUewU'e appcus by the Qiiel-
tain that was t!: -re, that

■iiris ;

l-'oiiii^nerJ ivci attainc

fioi.. put to the lall /..;;.<.* Capl

lae!- l';ople wei;' not a liitle ilia^\iined at the Uils ot tne

i.ir .'J i-.u! ry, tor winch t!uv could never .iccoiinr ; but

■ ■ II to

h l-.iclry, tor winch tluy c;
iiVibiy iiiukiilood it 10 luv: rif.ii Iroiii their AlK^i'

tiieir Fiiivni'irs tlic i

•('/.'.

a whiih F.rror they wue,

Objiclions, and I do not think they have much Weight,
rhere are lb many People, who at this Junfture, fliip
thcmlelves tor the E^-hdies in the moft low and labori-
ous Stations, in hopes of bettering their Fortunes, that I
am iH-rluaded, if a Reward of three thouland Pounds, or
tome I'uch Sum, was promifed to be paid immediately on
their coming back, there would not want tome who would
olVei- themfelves for this Service ; and then as to their Ca-
p.icities, they might be tried, and even improved, before
they were tint ; and they might h.ive I'uch Inftniftions
given them, though not in Writir.g, for that might hazard
all by being found upon them, as might enable them to
execute this Commillion with great Probability ot Succels.
'I'hat they Ihould at once obtain a Privilege and fettled
Tr ule there, is what I am not fanguinc enough to cxpeft,
nor i'. it what I mean by the I'robability oi executing their
Comminiun with Succels; but that they mij;ht be able to
le.irii fpine N.-w.i ol the Japc-':c, and cany them loiiie
News ol us. w'lich in 'Innv, an^ with uioper Helps, might

come

ttf

''i

. 4!; .:

!^frii:i

0/ -

./ fuciif/ff .'IicoNNt of the .Lhcnturcs

Book I.

t' I •

i 1'

I* ,

come «'•> Ibmcwl; It, l^ \vhai 1 i.iiiniU IkIj- tliaikini', vrry
rrolwWv-, at UmU it is apparent, tlut il U.iiic Attmpt ot
t'lK kiiivi In- not in.uic, we tan never lu.po tor any ilnni', ;
,;'„i [,, ilif ,iir in a M.ittcr ot I'ra.h-, i^ ir.ioiniMtil'lc with
tiip trur Spirit ot a Uidmy, Naiion, aiv.l wiiii ours mori-
( fiLially. lor alu-r ai;, wl.at l^ liuu m tins moiv (Xtiaor-
ih'iiary iiun «ha' was actiuiiy ixitoriufil by Mr. .lUmt ?
1 Ic i-aoK to J.-.p^n ti( Iplci.s an.t Nvithmit lru-nJ< •, his own
Mtrit rccomimnikii liim, a!ul inailc him 1- minis, liuli
I lii-iuls as cnalilcvl h:m to Jo tlic great ilnnt;-; tliat he
I li!. ThiMf.s t.i the full as great or p,ri-ater tlian tliule wc
(XiHrct trom ilic l\iloiis tliat liiouLl l>c now lent, ami
ihirt-lori, whiHVcr uii have tins MciIukI let alulc, tor
w.i It ol I'loUbiiity. !•. bouiul to i.;l.'r a Metiio.i mure pio-
baW,-, ami in that CaiI- 1 Hull ii.-ll naJily t'-umt.

U.it il, wlu.e we M.nliiirr ail Attempts i,l tins l.irt as
chm'.aical or impiaetieablc, any otiur Nation llnniia Hep
111, aiul Cither expel liit DMid\ or lliarc with tl.em in that
Comm< rcc, i: will U- a very Innii Kolleaion i^io;! us, wiio
ni ly pnr n>i to it wiili at Uall as great, it not prcatei I lup( s
tiian any other. Ihat this (.onitcturc ot lom • othi r Na-
tion's nukmj; an Attempt ot this Natuic is n n ablolutely
wikl Cir grounjlcis, may apinar tru'n the Inilravuui.s ot
tl.c Rujj-.nni, wivj have actually rcaehtiJ in tluir Uil.userici
i,.m; lilaiuls, the Inhabitant* lit which make ule ot Money
llaiiijoi witii 'fapentji' Characters-, trom whuue it is with
gnat i'rubability conicciun li, that tiiey are \ alVais at Iralt,
It lU'f Su'-iccts, to that l',m(>iri.. There arc uiht r Nation*
KM1, as will apixar by the tucieeilii.^ SrCtiuns, whkh have
touml rheir Way to the iy-ji-hJia, ami the C(mII.s ot
(./.vM, tiioiis{h It was thought they laboureil uniicr iiilu[>a-
rabic I liiVu ultK s, aiui why they llioul J not be able to extrmi
tlxir Commerce lauJKi, ami ewn reai.li "J'pon, \% what
ru) j^xv.i Uialxn i,»ii Ix- -ilii;nc>i to prove, a.iy more than I

apj'tehm.l any loml C.iiil> can Ik Ihewn »■ we

Uiould
not cr.Jeavoor to U Utnc h.imi v.itli them m a Point ot
li.jh Ccnltqutnce.

Hut, jierhaps, lomc Crititk may ilemami, liow do you
kiiow It i% oi rush ConleqiK-nec ? I low i-an yno ukc ujwn
y u to alTiit lo eoniK'.cmiy t'.ir.gs ulating to a I'late ami
t'. "jple at luch a l)tiUi.>t .' H as ..an y lU tell that all tlielc
I'liinis have not Uen long agu lO.ifi.kTcil by letter Juilges
tlian yourkit, and luch I'rojects as you ptojxilc upcin liib-
I'.antial M >tives rc|(Ctc,i ? or what Kcalon is there that you
HMui.: cxj^ca the .Stiiciiiti you form in yoiu Clolet rtiouUl
1 ivc K-i Kiixs i.j ttirli as are lyrttir acquainted with the'.c
Matitrs J;. an yoLtlcil ? I am very lenlibic, that there arc
A Race ( • ".-luturcii IVuple la tiic World veiy ta|i.il.le v\
ll.ro^ifn; "ut iucii Ke:lci.ui.r.s as ilu'.e, aiu! 1 knuw ii.',
tiut mai.y ot them do it agaiiilt the Conviction ol theii
ov.n Miik;», and merely trom a i»pir;t of Knvy. But,
howcv;(, a.-- luch (^cllions may liavc a L^id l.lleCt on the
Mint's ol a belter lurl ot I'copic, by wliitii I (l.ta.'i I'eiltjis
rjt iioi^llcr l)il(<jlitious ami who rca'iy with svtil to i|k
I'ubLek, and yet aie ltd away by lix.'i true .Vnimaover
('ions, lur ^Mii ot a due Miaiure ot Attei.tioii, 1 think it
iivay iiot Ik ainils, lur their l.ikcs, tj examine lueh Noiioi.s
otK< tor all, int\ lo Arc*, that husMver Ijkuous tluy niay
,ip(«ar at lirfl .Sight, tluy luve in tcality iuj 1 oon<lat,on.

ii. tlic iirtt l'i*i<: 1 miil^ iibkivc, tiial the lliesn) ot
Trai'.c iTuy t)c as »cU *cquiitd lioiii Books and 1 lupiaies,
as ic.in t>ciiij.' actiuiiy isjnecmed in it, and iliat I .xj ciKnci
iluws i.> til' moil cxu alive I'tojeCts ; and tu< h as have l>cen
atttnCeJ wtili the grtatfll Niucels have bcin lormcil l>y
Jl<ctulatiVf .Men, who, b> rcal<.nin>4 upon l-a^ts, have l)ecn
rtiiie to torni nu.'di ixtiii JuiifviKins, wah rel|ieit to Com-
li'.cit.c, thai, tikole lioiii wii:):li (liey leii.sesiihe bacts u|h.iii
whii-h tluy jtgucd. Hut, to ome eioici to tlic I'mni, ami
Ly ai.fwerii.g tiiric CJm-iIioi^s, lo l^i as they rt i;.ud i!iis .Suli-
jCCI, V> put an i':.d lo I'lLS Uil( ute, 1'iiu.c the lame AnUers
will tcTVc with eqiul I luth and Ceitaiiity on any other
Oiuu.on. li We know the Sitiutii.u a .d I'jiti lit ot a Coun-
try, its Ciiiiiate, Si^.i, I'loiiiiit, a: ■! iManul.4,'.tures, we <aM
viry caliiy, a/i 1 s^iii, tiic utmoll Leitainiy ilttcrmine, whr
itrcj it U- a Co«ii.!iy wi*nh Viiking, anii vsjut kind of
Comn>ui.litie» are like to h^vc vent there. In tins thetc i»
iioiiiing lirange or woiidcrlui, notiiing that icquiies a very
rxtraoulinary lJt{;ret ol I'em tration or .Sag.aity. lur, in
■^hitcv.f t itr.ite .Ml.. i,ve, tir y mull luvc IvoJaii 1 Kai-

mrnf, and in proportion.^ .11 tlu-y are rivili/ed, ihry ^,11
rut only deliie the Nereirines. but alpirc alio to the Con-
v( mem us ol Ulc, and what wc eall the Inilniments ot
Luxury, winch may alto be tinted to their Hiiinours, it wf
have u toleralJc Aecount of the Manners and Ciiilo'nis of
the IVopIc,

We know very well what Commodities and Manutaaurr..!
of oui'. arc taken otV m Spetir, Pcrius^al, and I'.irt of
/r.j«iY ; and t!urel>ire, wluii wc know that the bell Parr
ot the I'liipire ol 'J.ip(,n lies in pretty near the lame .Sitnal
lion, we lannoi be muili at a l.(.ls lor the (Jootis the In-
habitants ot that Country arc like to take oti our Hands
in cale we had im ojien Iradc with them ; liut, to Ix- nion-
tettain in tli's Cal<, wc have it m our l'..\sei to li-arn wlut
the /W, /' taiiy thitlier ; and ujxm Km]iiiiy, we Umll t'„ni
that tluy .ire i Inetly Scarlet, and (jther line C loihs, C\imb-
Ills, ,S. t(;rs, and our own Krrtey, toj.'/ther with lonu- .Silk
M.inutai.Mures, lu>li as rith Damalks, Brocades, line Niiiju-
tiowns, and in p.eiieial, a |;rfat Vaiaty ol 1 inneii, Wool-
len, and Cotton Cloths, to^V'thrr with (dais ami Stoii;-
Wares Coral, and many other things We niiv tluretore
with gi'ai Conliiieiue pronounre, that il the W ,iy •^(^^
ome o(xneil to us, we miyht be able to v;nd t viit (ju.ir.-
tity ol the natuial Commodities and Manufactures of out
Countiy there.

Brfules, bnec the Diliovcries made by the Htijli,tns, it
IS viry (ertain, that the Ciuiitiics to the North ol Japtn,
paitiuilaily the grrat I'riuntula ol Kiitiituhnika^ wlnth
jiei haps Ls the Continrnt ol 7'eJzc, is very rhroiighly u'o-
pled by if.h.ibitants that are much ini lined to 1 udc, ajut
who, trom the Coldnelsot the'r Climate, nuill neeellarilv
lUml in luevl of our euirter ClotJis, and other Manutai-
tuus lit the like km J.

It the vail Dillancc Ivtweeii us and them lie ohicCla:,
let us conli.'.er how the !)u.\b carry on this Trjde, whu
are not at all nearer them tlian we; tor it they can ni.i-
nage It With tjile, the l.imc Method llirely will rrniiir it
ptaCtuable tor m. I hey lit out their Ships trnm their
iicttk ments in the Inditi, viz. B.Uavta and Milai;,} \
and as we have Setiiement.s m the India too, our Shu*
inav Ik- fitted out troni theme-, and it even thcli: .Settle-
mints are at UK) great a Diltance, this is no invmcibie Oh-
jcClion, I'lnce there leems to It no Caul'e why wc ihouii
not attin.; t at Irall to o|yii tins 1 rade trom the Coalt ot
Civit.i, wiierc we I. ail tornieily a l-actory in the llland ut
Chuft.11, ot which I have given lolhe Account, ami tacrc
IS no doubt, but that we might cither obtain that, or ano-
ther mote lonvenuiit ai'.ain, d we apply tor it.

As to the Sentiments ot i'r()|)ie who have villted the
l.aji- hiJKs, and irlided a fonliderable lime in them,
theie IS no Kealon, lup[Hjle thi ir Notions contrary to
rrnne svlnch liowcvrr is not the f-aCt, to yield inipl.ntly
lo them, riicy may have other M.itives toi their Upi-
lions, thai, tl.cte wl.uh tluy think ht to dileovtr-, and it
attei all, ilieir: lliould b<- ever lo i','X)d Kealons advanced
v.jiy till- tn/l/xM.i C i)m(uiiy Ib'.uli mt emicavi nr to ai-
quiie ll.i> 'l'i*.le , yet I lar.not appnliend, that what I
have olVricd, oiiglit to tx at all attt-cted thereby, lincc it is
certain, that it the C_'oniiiioiiiiirs a;id Manut.uUires of this
Coontiy are e.vpotied, that Fxpirtaticii mult turn to the
g'-ner.d IknclU ot the Nation. Ihis was the .Sentiment 01
the i.'u-.it iJf If I', svuh relp-ct to ih-- t.jjl ■ bului Comi-.i-
Iiy in Ihiiand. 1 le made 1:0 Ditiiciiliy in deelari;-,p, tlia;
how ulelul lotvs-r tliat Company might Ik to the Krpub-
Ikk in lis Infancy, the'e might nevtitheleU come a litnr,
when the Intnells ut the Company mii.»ht i lafh with thi :c
ol the State-, and it ihis might be the Cale in Hi.ianJ, it
may l>e lo eliewherc.

It is very caly to lonceivc there may Lv- gooi! Ktalims
to indikt even the greatcll Companies to limit their Com
merce, becaulc this will put 1: in their Power to manaji'
It tlie bctler, ami to render it more ailvantapcoiis, bv
there never cin be a- v Reafiti all gned tor n llraiiiir.g the
C omir.eice ot any N-itiiMi. 1 lie more ol hrr Comniixii
tics and Mam.ta..tiirej a Nalion can lend Abroai'., th*
more People Die mull neced'anly tnijiloy at Hnini, and
t!ie mote hri .Slnpping luult imreale; neiiliiv .s ih'-re any
i-e.rt thai this lliould exhaull their People , t.-r while hii
I i.idc lk<ullliie^, It win Mver Ijil to insiie Miaii<'ers, .in.!

Book I.

'■y arc nvili/fi!, ,|,fv ^iH
^"t al'pirc alio to tlic'ton-
VL- call the Inllrmncnts ot
'(i to ilair Humours it w»
: Manners ami Ciiilonis tt

moilitirs and Maniifaaures
■\ Pcnus^a!, and l'.,rt of
vc know that the bd) I'ait
)rctty mar tiic lame Sitiu-
l.f'l!. tor the (iouis the In-
ikc to take (iti our Hands,
nil tiicni ; liur, to b< more
in our I'.. wet tuharnwlut
xiii Km]uiiy, we (lull fiml,
i (Jtlur lint C lothv, Lamb-
r. togttiicr with lonif Silk
alks, Brocadcv, line Nij.ht-
Vaiitty ol I.mnrn, Wool-
irr with (tlaU aiui Stuiif.
Iiingv Wcniiytlurdore
rr, that il tlif Way wctc
r adlc to v;nd i v ill (Ju.m-
aiid Manulaiiurcs of om

^ nudi' by the RuJUani, it
Its to the North ot Japiti,
!a ot Lwiihhaikay whuh
i'zi', IS very throughly y^o-
It'll imlinni to I ladc, and
r C liniatr, mull nfctilarily
loths, ami other Manutai-

u<. and liiem Iv obiKfla:,
CBiy on this Iradr, whu

wc ; tor It thty can nu-
lethod llircly will rtniitr it
uiit thrir Ships (rom their
c. HiUavia and Milac^a \

the h.ita too, our Shij)*
i and it even thclc Settle-
:e, th;< !■; no invincible Oh-
c no Caul'e why *c lhou;d
;s i rade from the Coalt ot
f a 1-ictory in the liland ut
I loWic Acanint, ar.tl tncic
: Cither obtaiii that, or anu-
we apply lor it.
opit who have Vilitid the
)nrulera!'jc 1 inic m them,
ihi ir Notions contrary to
he I- aft, to yield impl.ntly
her Mi)t;vei toi thtir Opi-
hiiik lit to dtlrovtr-, and :t

Id I'/Kxl Realons ativanccd
lli'iiii.l iiiit ciidcavi i:r to ai-
Kit ap[ ri'heiiJ, that what 1
1 allcctid thereby, lince it ;i
rs anil Manut.u. litres of tliii
(fx)rtaiicii niult turn to the

'\\\.\ was the Sentiment (-i
t tu th'- hJll-IiUui Lorn]' y
DitJiailiy in deilanrip, tii..:
ny might l)c to the Kq lib-
it nevirthelelsccme a litn'*,
ijuir.y niiL'.ht * lath w:rh ih' ■-
iu be the Lak- in //;.;.J«./, it

tiiere nsay be pooi! Keaii '.^
mpaiucs to hniit th'.ir Con;
It in thrir Power to mana;!'
it more aiivantailjcoiis, hv
I alinncd lor tt liraiiiins^ the
I lie more ol hrr ConniKK'i
ition lan lernl Abroai'., ('*
atily tnij'loy at Homt, an I
nirralc ; nenlttr .>. th'rc a'-y
thrir IVopIc , hT 'vhtle h~:
tail to III* ill- Mraiiyers, anl
'riir:.!.': ■

Chap. ir.

of Mr. W M.I,, A M Adam s.

^73

therefore FAperitncc (licws us, tiiat tlio' u\ |xm)1' t'liuntiiis
the I'topU- are generally ii-akinj; more proliliikv yii u
<!oe« not follow, that they ate mure populou., Imauly
their Wants ilrive them Abroad, aiul that loo iiiulci luili
Cirniinftanccs, us th.it they fildom leium | lome,

Bur to I'um up all, the Duich Witers ihtiiil.lvt'H inloiin
»i5, thatotiatL' Years, amorip other kellr.itiiii impul diip.
on them by the Jiiponcjc, the \ery tjiuntity id l.oodj
they are to lend into the Country is hiiiiied, iind ih,, ( ,
about the Value of one hundreil thoulaiul i'ouiid'. ol nur
Moniy, notwithifandinu; whuli, the lame Wnieis owii,
that the Frolits on this '1 rade amount, one Veai sviih ano-
ther, to near tour Times that Sum i and thus, 1 ihmk, I

lijve elKftually fliewn, that there is nothing wild, chimc-
iital, or ablbril, in propofing to recover our Trade to Ja-
/>»«, il it be ponibie •, to which I beg Leave to add, th.it
while the I'licc of Wool is fo low, the Number of our
I'uui [\) great, our Taxes fo many, and fo high, and the
(.oniphiiiits of tlie lower fort of I'cnpic, for want of Em-
ployment, fo loud and general, a Man mull be of a very
limoious Difpofition, who can be afiaid of Cenfurc, for
endiaviHiring to point out the only Way Ly which thcli:
l:,vlls lan b.- elTcctually cuicd, and the W'anto and Dillrelies
ot llie Multitude prevented from eitlv.r driving them
aliio.ul, or rendering thvm mutinous and troubltfomc a:
liume, With wiiich Kt-mark 1 fliall conclude this Seftion.

S H C T I O N XXXIII.

An hijlorkal Account of the hHcnom-fc ktMiccn the Inhabitants of Great-Britain, and the
People in the Eaft-lnclics : Cotitmnin^r HkcM-ifc a owplcat Hiftcry of the Eaft-India Ccm-
pany, from its Erctfion umLr i-^orn l',li/,al)Ltli (f glorious Mcnwry, and of the fvcral
Alterations that have hcen made therein doicn to the prcfent Reign.

9 <t w.- w/ tt-Ji KJH$n. u/ I vt / *i ^ t..tiii-)t|LU.| \i ftifU'Ht }^ tifiii If.t S Jl fj'Klt i f 'iV w. f ( /I IfJi f/i i( flit If ifJt I\c i^n uf JYi/.^

William 111. 14. -Th C:J!.l!.;hn oflkjr l);l/'t,t,'s, anJ the Hftflcmcnt of thr prcfrnt Eaft-India Company.
1 5. 'Ihi- ^Iffiiirs cf the C'^mf'.i'iy, from tli- 'fimr 0/ /lii itcie Settlement to the Cioje of the Reign of ^^cen
Antic. I b. The fume lliji'^y pu>-fue,{ Ju,vn In the frefcnl ■time. 17. A clear Profpe^ cf the prefcnt State
ffthiylff'(!irsrfthe\iwyiihi>ithe\iM\-h\\\k^,

S we have now paiTu! t!iiiiii;.'ji ihe gi'ciih'K IViif
of t!inl"e .Suhjii'ts, whii h it was pnipoli d IlicMild
If lianiilid 1:1 t!i"-. Chapfii, \w rome rnvi'iily.
and m that (")i r. r v.luc'i \\.i.s oniy, .'.lly liiil do'An, to Ipe.ik
fjt the fivirul Loiiipaniis that have bu 11 lornvd in liirpc^
I' r t'')e Maiiagi-mcnt ol tlie Cotiitiuiie o| the t\ill /7,/,vi ^
wiiieli Maliod, as I conceive, Ibi.iKr or laier, ha'. Iierii h'!-
1 Aved 1 y every N'.itiop, tliat fmee the Pilcovery ol llv I'at-
I'.i^"- ! y tlie Qipe rf C'jj.i I/f:, hathbtin 1 oiueiiU'vl tilt lein.
We Will begin with the l.>i^':jh, and with all the .^|'Ull,l■ y
tli.it ii in our I'ow..', tr.'.iL- t.'ii- lliH .ly i^l th.'ir ('oiiuiiet-ie
iiiij tl-.tfe dillant I'aif; ffom th-' cirlu ll .Afioiii f. wr h.ive
of t'lem down to tiie prtf'nt tinu-. I5iit il will be rnjiuliir
lirll of all to oMerve, that there is good Kealon ro b. luve
our flirt Knowledge of thefe Countries w.ts driivrd to vh
from the R:m.ni<, at Huh Tme .u tJiis IHand m.tde a I'atr

their

t.vtenfive l"'mi

ln;t I do not t'tnd anv I'Vi

t.! prove, tr indeed fu nuieii .is a 1 lull to liigjv|l. I'i'K any
Cciunvrce w.is .itteinpted vMth ihtt C'ouniiy (h'lil liencc
1 el'.'re the Cl'ife of ilie niti'.li Centmy,

At that Time there fat upon tlie £»?/.;/.'j Thu'ii" (as it
.-. a Tiiith, I hope I may I'l .j!. n wiiln'.ut OlfWiee, the
-.i.attll and wifell I'nm e th.tt v. as ever pluvd llllicoti ^ I
mean the famous ..'./»c./, th- idoiy ot \\li,,|; H -ii'n, even
lieConful'ionof lueieev.i'ig rniii , and thi()l>li iiiiiy i-l otir
;;:icient \ lillotus have not bui.ed in Oblivion. 1 1.', ,7;;«»
iliiiini SSj, as tlie 6'<i.v>;'i Clnonic Ic inlorms if., tent otu-
t.t h:s favourite |-.eJefi.illii I.-, v.h.-fe Name Was Srhlm),
t ) I arry iiis Alms to i!i< p' 'i di
'iiuiihii aiul Sail! />.■''■''•'
:■, iH.leed, putty ixtiaordui,;i, , audit we ha 1 not a' ile.u

N e M B. c ^.

• lieilid L'hrirtian« o| Siunt

III l!ie Itl.llii \ lie I'lU't

ami diflinrt Fvidrnce to fupport it, as any one Point in our
aneii lit I lilVory, 1 fhould not have mentioned ic ; but as
the L^',/.v,-« Annals wlii.h h;ive been always allowed to con-
tain as f.iir and as autlientick an Acroiint of Facls as any
1 lifloiy whatever, lets down this as a l^aliage, which cer-
tainly fell cut in that Year ; and as this S'gheh'ms did not
nnlv puform that Voy.ige, according to the Inllructions ot
his Knyil M.iller, but iifcerwards returned home, .and be-
rati'.e Hilliop o\ Sbiyihnrn, or Sberburn, in Dorfiijhire, and
left in tiie Treafurv of I'ls Church, as U'iHiam ot Mnhnf-
hn h.itli reeon!ed,'both Spieesand jewels, whirh he broUL'jir
back with him out of tliat Country •, I lee no R-.al'on at ail
to iliiubt or qiKllion a h'.icl lor which we have^all the t'.vi-
dciiee that the ii-.olV feruiuilou^ Critick can deiire.

ikit it mull, however,' he confetled, tliat though thib- In-
ter.ourle was to early begun, yet the moll diligent tjic.it.--
rei-s into Subjecls of this Nature, fuch as i-..-;V« and H^xhM,
ilave I eeii able to find no l-'ootdeps cf Contitiuance, liiu'c
they immediately del. nd to mucli later Times and fr.ak
paitiriilarly of the Travels of an l:iif:jhiiiau, whole N.i:i^e
is not m.iitioned tlirougli the Country of t:ie Tartdis, ai'd
nf Sir 7J»; MmniivilU: Hut, h.iwev.r, though no luch
hiotlleps ai>pear as to the Vov;igi.s or Travels ot paiticular
I'ertims vet lie\ond a (^uliion, there w.is not m tli.ift
D.iys iin entire Stop put to the Commct.\- b;tweeii tiic
Well ami I'.all I'.uis .4 tiie World, or tiie £/■,;.'./•■ N.'--o:i
entirely deprived ol h.:u:'t Comnioiiities.

?.. It it be ei'-;uip-d h.ivv aiiy Cert.iinty e.in be had. ot
this, or by what I hatini 1 llu h a I r.ide c>.uid be cained
on, 1 mud tak. Nave to ivii'iiid tlKiu, th.at w'.i.n tlieG;/^J
and / .".' ..'. '; iv ::'.f!'c.' tlie Rcmnn t ir.piie, tluiCi.uiini! !■ e

10 N tluo'Jg!i

i J

if '

^a ! n

■•'I 1

!1B

Wl s'l! ■■,

J>':4

//'/ hllJorudl .li count of the hitenourjt

|l li

i' ^^

ti^

\w»a a i»a; gu.

*■ ",

iFh

^' :

(. "

Rook. I.

t!ir(iiij;!itltf Rd$ .iln'./.V*.i»./M.ifejri'.l,.iMil w.mftfrwjriU
lariiciionliy t'lc W.iy ot Irt^oM^ D.tm.i/.nt, und .V/f/v,
wliiih rutiialul tlif 1'i.ulc of the fin* 1 iiin or St.itts of
I'ciiia, C,(»i.is Pi/>i, iSfi . Aiul thiilc (hhhN wrrr not only
vcnvtril in all the t ouiliic^ Ix'tilctii'.^ >ii' m t!v .\ff,!i/frr.i-
>.Yj>t, l>u( Wire ImU to f Mfl.Di,!, (•r'tn.iny, ,irui the AV-
.'i'. ».'.;»•.. , uui all (iVir lite Hiiltut, wiin li [\ivv I'.nrourige-
nicnt cu t!if TrJliuk i>l r>Hi^/), where tlir CoinmiKlitir^ of
t!ie Niittli, 4* tnri', Naval Storrv, trf. wirc lixl^ctl m
the SuniiiKr, anil \Nhrrf thntc ^hip% t(Xik in the Lommo-
liitiiA tioni i!if 7.JMX/ Kiik .\H4ii\ tci the ll.iitilrun' -,
aoi! thi^l'c Siiu's that iMW Ua\\\ ilu Ifvani, traiiljiorteil
t.'ir Ni'ithcni CiixnU Irom }hu^ti ii'.tu ihe \((UitfrrjtifaH.

^lJl ii >va> the t'luiile ol ihc I lavle ihiii, anii it h very
clear from our oKi \S riten, thst SjMtrs ,uui other Indian
Coinmoiliiic* weie never totally .Stiaimer< in this lilanil,
nor miiecvl ruuhl tluy, liiue we hail oii annual N'ellVI,
aiul forrn tunes nioir (turn I (Miit, »<ll hipplieil with lu< h
r:i.h (.iiMx'^ , anvl hy this iiuans thiiu(;!i hull Coninio-
I'ltrv ini^lii lie ilear, lime it wa< in the I'owcrul the State
(i| />«/(•(• to Mid iluin ainvill to what I'rms Ihc woulJ, yet
«; luii tlifni iimilai.y, ami m lonliJetaMi' I'lrnty, I'V ihi<
Mctluv', t'own to the K'-ign of (^iren h.^izskdh, wiirn
the lall j^rcai C'araik, wliiih eanu* Iroin tlui Country, was
lilt '.limn our C(all, ol whiih Sir tl iiii,>m Men i was an
I- yc-»!tt,els i aiul has ^;ivei» ul it, a^ he iliKsot all tiiingi,
a mod clear, entrrtaininj:;, and inrtttklivi AcCiiunr, which
t'lr the K'a.lerS liilnrmathin, aiul nw own lullituation,
I Ihall tranlirilir, as it ^\\v\ a ik«nr, hiiki, ami more
authentick Account ol ihclc I'oint^ than u any where cllc
lo be HKt with.

'* Iht i miii.iH.' engtolUil the whole Traiie upm thofe
*' Seas, and lurnillirj ii\ with the riJi MerclutuiiJU: of
" Turiry, i'tr>/iJ, ami /"i.ii.t, at what Kate they plealcd
•' themlelvcj ; ami yt t thiv was nut all, t ir they l.itxMirrd
*' to tr. lie w Stranj^irs to the (irrat Tnfk, the f.f^yfiiuim,
•' and bofvlrnng Countries, and I lought them to that I^-
" norance of our Nation, that they thc)Uj;ht En^Utid lolv-
*' a Town m the kin>;doni ol U>i,kn. 1 he lintiunj
'• (rrt yrarly tiuir ^lif.jjni to Stuih^mfitn, whkh
*' Town erijoyrd « Chaitir lioiii tlic Kiiij^s ol thu i.\ni.\,
" wimh was wrelUxl out ol their Hands by the I.jrl of
'• Iju/lrr, to thr uttrt Ikcay ol tiut I'own ; and the
" ■l^l'Jo'i lin*' thdi have iKuinie Stranj'/ts m En^l.inJ,
" thr lart wlirrrot iiNik hei have with xn mitirtun.ite l-.nd,
" whicii my I yis VKie Wiiiulles to in the Mont.'i of
" Oil :'!r I'^X;.'

" 1 ;us ^oo^ily S'lip ol one thmuaiivl one hundred Tuns,
" being richly Udiii with the avculliHiud L'onimothiies
" they uMl to Irrvr I'lr Kingduin wiili, and Uuig cotne
" in the Lhani-rl, as hij;h a^ the («V*y il'xi'i, wluch I -and
" rhr f.iif^.i/h I'lkil vilihly ni.ulr i thu I'llol, i ailed lorjitr,
•' who lor his rxi ' ll> nl Skill, was not lon^ l>r|u:e red 'Cilied
" tHJt ot the iu/ii/'i C«(iliviiy, \>\ the < riniutKj, to krvc in
" this \ov4i^r, I'lHin this h>xhI I Jihi-laii the I'llot put
" il>e i'a(lin|',tri, in ho|)e», many ol thcttj U ir.g ot great
*' Account and lllrrni, Mie next Mon.i.in to luriiouj
" thrmi lor Ni^ht urowin,; 'ni, he wovnd not lu/jij to
" ptit in With thr Minir Kui I yiniii}; , bi.t tiic t.cr.ihnicn
•» ixi: ^ in.j)ai.' nt ol Inlays, and the I ntn.l a|>|K-arinn unto
" tKri'i, ihry I'luuglii ihciiil. .ve» tiei li.,ni all Daii^rr,
" which IS the loninion 1|{|uiuikc ol iiiat^y tlui know
" not the Seal.

*« But to Ix: llioit, thry conijielkd ihi- IMot by Foice
" to [Hic in at the i\tt,ilc, the ssdhiiiiull I'ati ol the JjL'
" cf H lib:. \\ hrnthr iKmrMan, i ahei wuh I'erlailion*,
" nor Tears cuuld [Hivail, h. did his Ixll to enter the
'• Channel ot the St<.Utt \ but lu. h wai the Ciicatncis
" (>i liic \Savc\, arul the I n^scuhmly of the Ship, not
" arlwcting her I Itim, that Hie lltuk u|Hjn the Shiinjlrs,
*' wKrrc fhe, her l»oo>',s a'i>l Company, ejuipi Irvin iiocr
" Cr'-jtu-r\. |cri(hrd. lilt Sral>etwixt ihc Iilaiid and the
" mMiii l^ci.i was ei lahr,!, |iy h( i l^ols with Icveiai lorts
" (,t Men haiiil vr. \S hat wa» laved was not worth ijwak-
" int^ ot I li.ul the I'ottune to light on two Butts of
" Nhilkcd.iic fioatiii^ on the Si a, lot then was 1 ruling at
" (j/wts

" In the t'lrii Sl,ip I evrr svriii t aj-iaui ol, 1 lound thclc
" two Htits I • MiiUdire, a p.teal I fi !p to Ui ii, our \ os-

" age, wiim wc svcrc reduced to Kxti^mity for want of
" Victuals. About this lime our Merthaau ol Lendtn
" Isegan to take into Contideration theic great and hicIIi
" niable Riches Iwought into the Ijnd by \.\k ymttsMi
" ami lrtH<h, who ablolutely et>joyt\i the 1 lade of Twky
*• and a ^rcat Part ot the Wealth whuh came out of Ptrju
*' and /»f./i<i was retailed from them to us. liicydcviicJ
•' how luch Commodities might come to our H.;nds hy a
'» more direct Way than to be (cTved as wc were at Ittond
" hand, and therefore relolved to make an Overture by
" hav(xjr ot the Qiieen, and her Letters to the tireat Tun
'• for an immwliate Iralfick from Engknd to Tkrky, and
" his U)iiiinions ami lo home again, with Ships of her
" Subiects, without being beholden to others.

" 1 hclc Ixtters were lent by licr .Maitlly, .md received
" swill great 1 luinanity and Courtely by the Cirand Scm
" nor, as api>ears by his l.etters yet extant. He could
" not give more Kelpcct and I lonour to hei Maiellv, than
" by lliewing a \\ illingnels to enibraic her ^raciuils I'lo-
" jxJiitions of Trade ; and n\ Concluiion, Articles were
" agreed up<in, and a drint of great I'livilcf^es and Im-
" munities to her M.ijelfy's Siib|r^ls, which have lu,(.e
•' continued, and liecn peaceably enjoyed. We may
" reckon from this Time the Decay ol State in Matter; ui
" ihe I'tntiiiiH Tiadc : For .hjojj'c}, which v ere wont lo
" vilit us, .ue now unknown to us, and stc jiofTch the
*' Wealtfi they Were wont to reap. The Commodities iii
" Pfrjiii, and the Eajilndtei, arc brought by ourlelvcs in
" our own Veiltls dircttly out ol 7uiky, where wc have
" obtained as great a l-'reedom as we can defire. Such
" Places as the I'entti.jm were wont to take Freight
" in their Ships to tranljort from I'ort to Port now wc
" ablolutely enjoy that Pr,vilef»,r -, tor all Srrangers »rc
" more defirous to put their (nxxls into A»^/;yi nutoii.i
" than theirs."

1 hus Irom the Conclufion of this Trade, we may eali.'y
conceive both the Nature and the Impxjrtance ot it, and
the prodigious Ciiaf.ge it nvule, as well in tiie Ati'airs ol
the I'tittmr.i, as in our own, svhcn it came to be carried
on by the Subjects of Grtai-Brilirin : Yet here it will be
necefiary to dilbnguifh between this and the tnxCommer.e
ot the India ; for, though wc found a Way to free our-
hives from this IVpendance uix)n the / inttians, yet it was
fjy breaking in upon their l/v«nt Trade at lirlf, aiul njt
by lading direttly to thcfe F-iflern Parts, svhich was a
Work of great 1 inie and Tobour, and brought alxjiit by
a great N'aritty ot Aicuients, with the Relation ul ssIiilIi
the hng^ijh Reader cannot but be extrcamly well pkalci.;,
(iiice it will flicw him the gicat inA fjKedy Progreisol uiir
Maritime Strength and Power at Sea.

3. 'The tirif Peilon, lo tar as 1 have been able to lesrn,
tliat ever projxjfed the cftabliftling the t.:'j\- India TraJr in
A»i^.'j«./, was one Mr. Rchnt Thmne, a Merchant ut Ixn
dm, who fettled at S'^-ille in Spam, and relidiiig there ma.-.y
Years, gauicd a |K-rteCt Krmwleilge ot the Manner in
which lji;th the h'tjl .Old H'rjh India were dilcovcred. Thii
very judicious (untlcman, who from his Writings yet ex
tant, appears to have itravvn his Knowledge, in an equal
Drgree, from Book', ami Fxperiencc, applied himfril Aka:\
the Year ii,i~, to hi, Majelly King Un:<y\'\\\. towhom
he reprelcnted very fully, yet in few Woid?, the s-all AJ-
vanLigcs that wou'! acciuc to his Sub]eLts by a dirett Corn-
inerce to tlic Im)1 Indus ; and to lu.t his Projxilal to the
great (icnais and high Spirit ol that Prim e, lie advilK! hiin
not only to encourage this new Navigation, but to attetnpi
It by a r.rw Rout ; h.r as the Per!u_^uiz( had pidhed their
D.kovtries to the Fall, and the Sfvir.utrds to the Well, l.i
he was ambitious thai the En^UPi .Nation iF.oiilJ I nd .i
W.iy to the India of ilieir own, and that by the Nort'i.

IJut It is wortiiyot OMervatioii, that tlir.ucntleman wai
fo early asvarc of the iiifujHrrable Uili'xiilti -s that have Ixeii
louiid .n karching lui a Pallage to the North- FjiI, and
tlicrelore propolcd very (cidibiy, and tor gixxl Keatoir ,
la.lingiiircCtly .Nortii, or ut leaK veiy near it ; turn whieh
lie thought many Advantages might fir gained, and many
InconveniciHies avoided. As tor inllar.ce, he cunce.ved
that this might Ik undertaken at IikIi a .Scalonot the \ ear,
as to enjoy the Benelit ot the halt Years Day in that tli
mate i and he thought it ablurd and rid.v'iluus to fuppoL',

i.'iii

lifr,.

Book. I.

I to i:xtremity for wint of
: our Mcrtli,mu of UndiH
»tion thetc great and Hictli.

the 1 jnd by the ycnum,
i>)oyfU the 1 rade of 7w^,,
th whuli came out of Pnju
them to us, liiey dtviicU
ht lome to our Hinds by t

favcdaswcwereatlaond
i to make an Orctturc by
r Letters to the (jreat Inn;
oin England to Turky, and
e again, with Ships of her
jidcn to orheri.
)■ lier Maitlly, and leccivcd
Durtrly by the Cirand Scij^
rs yit extant. He coukI
lonour to lici Mairlly, tlua
rnibrmi- her ^^raiiuus I'lo-

Lontluiion, Articics wnc
)f ^:m I'liviltgesand Im.
!iihir<;is, which have fu.te
■ahiy enjoyed. We nuy
)e( ay ot State in Matter! ui
j^ojfc, whirh vcre wont to

to in, and we j-olTcls the
ap. The CommodiUes ot
arc bi ought by ourleives in
uJ Turky, where we have

II as wc lan defire. Such
re wont to take Freight
irom I'ort to Fort now we
■p,p ; hir all Strangers arc
iixxii into hnglijb botton.i

thij Trade, we may i-ali.'y
the lmjx)rtance of it, and
c, ai well in ti.e Ati'airs ot
when it came to be arried
ritain : Yet here it will [iz
tliis and the true Commerce
tijuiid a Way to free our-
311 the / intliam, yet it was
tnt Trade at tirit, and njt
tlrrn Farts, whah was a
}ur, and brought ab^ut by
t'lih the Kdaiiun ot m!.k.Ii
be exireanily well [jlcali'i.;,
and fjxredy Frogrcuoi u.:r
,t Sea.

1 have fieen able to learn,
ng the t.nj]- India Iradr in
hiinc, a Merchant ut I^n
n, and reliJing then- in.i:sy
Iciige ot the Manner in
JtcJ were dilcovered. This
from h;s Writings yc: ex
Knowlecigf, m an equal
:ntr, apjilietl himlelt alwui
iving Unify \'ll\. to whcim
few Woi'is, the vi\\ :V.
1 Sulij'-i.'tsby a direct Corn-
ti lii.t his Pro{x)tal to the
h.it I'rime, headvilKi hiin
Nav!i;.itiun, but to.itteinpt
er:u(utzf had pulhcd tluir
Spani.irJs to tiic Well, l.i
Itjh Natiun IhiAild |-.nd a
and that by the North.
n, that thr. Cienileman wai
Uilixiiln-s that h.ive (Ken

.;e to the Noithl'Jlf, .liul
y, and tor i^ixx) Ktalon ,

vciy near it ; hum wlmh
light l>r gained, and many
ur iiillancc, he conce.ved

fucli a.Scalonofthe Year,
alt Yrars Day in that t !:

and rid.i'iluus to fupf-'nl-,

Cliap. II. k'/:vec/j the Inhabitants of Great-Britain, '^c, 87-

that the .Seas were frozen under tiie North Pole, at a time
when the Sun, troin its long Continuance on the Horizon,
mull have liich prodigious Force. He hkrwifc judged,
that whatever I>itiicultics might occur in the Beginning of
flic h a Fan'ar.e, tht y muft be quickly and cei timly got over,
and be fully reeonipcnfed, by coming foon on the Coaft of
7.ir/r»rv and 'Jtipin, and fo to China and the MiiniHas. To
l.ty the I'rutli, if wi; (onlkicr the Time when this Frocon-
ful was made, the Sagacity and Penetration of this Cientle-
maii can Icarce be enough commended or admired, fincc
it is very certain, that if ever any Difcovery is made on
this Side, it mull be made by this Method.

But, hew wife (,r how jiraclicabic foever Mr. thorn'^i
Scheme miglit l-e, I do not tind that it was ever conlidcred
in uny other 1 -ight, than as a Frojedt too bold to be put in
Kxecutmn •. and to tay the Truth, the liill Perlbn that
gave us .any Light into this Navigation was Sir /•'rflwm
Drake, in the Year n;;}). The very next Year Mr.
Stivens went Irom Li/li^n to Gea by the Cape of CoodHopt,
and wrote a lar^;i- Account of his \'oyage while he refided
at Gaa. A. D. 1 5S6, the famous Cnndijhc made his Voy-
age round the World, which having clearly opened a Paf-
fage to thefc Farts, Captain Georj^c Ritymond, in a Ship of
his own, called the Pendepe, accompiinied by two others,
called tlie Mtrcbant- Royal, and tlie Edward- Bonaventure,
Tilled in tlie Year 1591 lor the Eaft-lndies, not with a
View to trade, but to cruize uiHin the Porlugiieze. This
Voyage was extreamly unfortunate ■, for Captain Raymond
lounil hiniKlt obliged, i\. i\\i: Cape of Gaoi:-Hope, to fend
home the ' 'rr^ bant- Royal, with the lick Men they had in
the three Ships. Having doubled that Cape, and failed
about fixty Leagues, he was loll in the Penelope-, fo that
Captain Jama J,<mc/ij}rr, in the Eduard-Jionavtnlure, was
the only one that performed this Voyage, and that too
wirh very IndilTereiit I'ortune •, for alter a dilallrous Voy-
age to thr Etiji, he was obliged to ]ials from thence to the
Well- Indies, where having loll his Ship, he with much Dif-
ficulty, by the AfFilbnce of a Ercncb Privateer he met with
in thole Parts, return-d home.

But in this Space of Time, though no Eiiglijh Ships had
been fent to the fndies lor Commerce, abundance ot Eng-
hjhnen had been tfirre in dirtcicut Services, and on their
return home, gave liir h an Account of thole Countries, and
of the F^afe with which the EKglijh might fettle Factories,
and eftablifh a regular Trade thither, that many great Men,
and rich Mcrrhants, began to entertain a Delire of elhb-
lifhing fuch a Commerce •, and that they might do this ef-
ffilually, they applied themlcivcs to Qiieen Elizabeth for
a ( iiarter, and flu- m ( 01 dingly granted tiiem one, which was
dated the ;.(illof Datmker ib-io, in the torty third Year
f f her Reign. l!y this Charter llic created them a Body
( (.rjioratc, by the Stile of the tiovornor and Company of
Merchant' ol London trading to the Eaji-Jndui ; granted
t.Vin a ((immon Seal, appointed •Ibomas Smytb, Fllq;
Alderman ol London, their Hrll (iovcrnor, and ellablifhed
a Court of twenty Pireclors to be diofcn annually on the
firft ot July, 01 within fix Days after. She likewil'e granted
them Authority to make Byr-l.iws, .illowed them to export
(ioods ( ullom-lree tor tour Years, permitted them to
(xpcjrt thirty thouriiui Found> in foreign Coin, with Li-
cence to do the lame in every Voyage, provided they
brought thatSiini by thrir Trade out ot Foreign Countries
into this Kingdom. Fliis Charter was exclulive, and the
Q^ieen bounil herlelf not to gr.int any Charter to otiier
i\lerrhants for the Sp.ire ol titteen Years ; but with this
Frovilo, that if vsitliin that Sp.ice this Charter Ihouid ap-
pear to be in any rtlpeft detrimental to the Fublick, it
Ihoulc', upon two Years Warning;, under the I'rivy-Seal
k-come void v but if from Kxpcrience ic fliould appear,
th.it this new CoriHitation was a piibhck Benefit, then fhe
tiromilcd to renew their Chatter, witli luch additional
i. biiles in their F'.ivour, as IhouKl apjK-ar requilite.

1 h.ive l>een the more particular with refpe^t to this Point,
br-t.uile 1 look up)n it that there never was any publick
A.t of this Nature tietter conlidered, or drawn with greater
Wifiiom ami Foielight, both for the Benefit ot the Adveii-
tiir r-, ami the publick Good ; by which 1 mean the In-
frrlt ot the whole Nation, Circumllances which ought to
'■•■ r-qually coididcred m all Inch Calci, l.nce whati.ver the

Dehgii may be of the Perfons concerned in fuch Adven-
tures, It ought to be the Care of the Government, that
even thefe exclulive Companies (hould be calculated for the
common Advantage, and be (0 guarded, as that Perfons
concerned therein may never have it in their Power to facri-
lice the general Intereft of a People to their particular Profit,
and private Advantage.

4. It was in Confequence of this Charter, that the Com-
pany immediately began to raife a joint Stock for carrying
their Project into FIxecution -, and this with fuch Indultry,
that in a /ery fhort Space their Treafurer had in his Hands
feventy-two thoufand Pounds •, upon which it was rcfolved
to fit out live able Ships to begin their Corrcfpondence in
that Part of the World. Thefc were the Dragon of fix
hundred Funs, Admiral of the Squadron : The Heifor,
Vice-Admiial, of three hundred Tuns: The Sufamiah, of
two hundred 'Funs : The /Jfcenfion, of the fame Burthen :
Fhe GVy/, a Store Ship, of a hundred and thirty Tuns.
'FIk' Complement of Men In all tlieir Ships were four hun-
dred and eighty, and the Fixpcnce of equipping thcin
amounted to forty five thoufand Pounds, and their Cargo
took up the other twenty-fiiven thoufand Pounds. On the 2d
of May itoi, they failed from 7ar^<7y, and without any
coiifiderable Accident continued their Voyage to the Indies,
where Captain 'James Lamajler, who commanded with the
Title of Admiral, made a Treaty with the Kingof //ciie;/,
lent a Pinnace to the Molu.cas, and eretlcd a Factory in
the Ifland ot Java; after whicli the Admiral returned lately,
and with good Profit, into England.

This was the only Voyage tliat was undertaken by the
Company in the Keign of Qiiecn Elizabeth -, but upon her
Demife, they found a very kind Mailer, as well as power-
ful " ntedor in her Succellbr King James, who from his
Accefiion to the Throne, (hewed them all the Countenance,
and afforded them all the AlTiftancc that they could defire,
which, with the Profits of their firll Voyage, engaged them
to undertake a fecond in the Year 1604, Sir Henry Mid-
dleton, in the Red Dragon, having the Title of Admiral,
the Hdior Vicc-Admiral, the Afcenfion, and the Sufannab.
Thefe Ships vifitcd the Moluccas, and the Ifland of Java^
were well received by all the Indian Princes, but met with
very indifferent Uliige from the Dutcb, who began already
to lofe all Senle of Gratitude to the Nation that had pre-
ferved thcin, endeavoured all that in them lay to milreprc-
Icnt the Engtijh to the Indians, as a cruel, unjuff, and am-
bitious People, who meant not to trade with them fairly
for their Commodities, but to felze tlieir Country, and to
take them by Force. That this Ditpofition in the Dutcb
tlid not take Kile, either from their Hatred or Contempt
of King James, but was bred in them by their own Self-
love, and Avcrfioii to all other Nations, appears moll
clearly from the Letter of the King of I'emate to King
James by Sir Henry Mtdiileton, in which he exprefbly af-
ferts, that the Dutch had ufed their utmolt Endeavours to
root out the good Opinion which himfelf and his Subjects
entertained ol the Englijh from the Time that Sir Francis
Dral^e had vilited their Ifland ; and thus thole Difputes
liegan, of which we ihall have fo much to lay in the Courfe
ot this Section.

\Vhen Sir Henry Middleton failed from Bantam, he re-
ceived fioni the King a letter for his Britannick Majefty,
and a Prel'ent of Bczoar Stones. In their Paflage home
they met with the Hcctor beating olV of the Cape of
Good-Hope, with only ten Men left alive, by whom they
were informed of the Lois of the Sufamiah, and in Com-
p.iny with this Ship they arrived lately in the Dauw,
May 6, 1 bo6. 'Fhe very next Year tlie Company under-
took a third Voyage, in which three Ships only were em-
ployed, viz. the Dragon, the //VJ.V, and the Confent,
under the Command ot Captain lyUIiam Keeling. Their
Voyage was very luccelVl.il, elpecially in the Moluccas,
where they were, notwithllaiuling, extreamly ill ufed by the
Dutch. This did not luiKler them, however, from bring-
ing home a very valuable Cargo of all forts ot Spice, with
which they arrived in the Doiats, May 10, 1610, with
this « xtraordinary Mark of good Fortune, that in their
whole Voy.ige out and home, they loll not to much as a
lingle Man. With this Captain Keeiing went out Captain,
lyilliiini llawi-iiL'. wirli the 'Fitle of the Kir.g'

l-i 1

:i Fjr.bairador
to

n <

k\\

S-6

-•/// hiJJoriiiil JiioNNt (>f tha hitcnourfi'

Took I.

■f' !■;

1 ,

!'i

I ?

.^'U

I ,

t.> tlir (irr.it Mi>f,'i!, I>V wlmm li- w.n vrry ki:i '!v rn'riv-
«il, .tn-.l I'V III* )'"=•'•■"' M-i"»,'.''"i' :n •» H<MKi lomljioii-
ilciui- wa^ Vil.tMilhul Ixtwrtii tlic iwu Ctnirtv

In tl-.r S; ii"? 'I 'he Vmr i(' -, ilic C'om|\\ny (Vnf tl-.r
.pru/irn a-ul the (.■«;••>» to thr Ht.iSf.i, ami the (.'0.1II cf
.1r,tiiJ, w!i:ch, hnwfvcr, i-ifovn! hut inililViTriu in tliiii
Siii-Ci't», In .rft:.' Id;, I apt.ii;i lUitJ MtMftot. in tlif
l.\feJ;!if, ^».^^ Imt l-v the (.(inii'ir^y t" tlie .Ue.'v.i.",
wlirrc tic />J('. /' r.iiw Ur.an to act. as Mailer*, ami li.ul a
IXTiftn «il lo/iiig thr Ci}it.iin'v Ship, whi'-h by in* (V'o.l
Manj^'/nunf he jrivrnto!, arul hi(>\it;hf home with Inm
a hum'.ti,! a";l thirty niw Tuns i<t Niitmcps ami ihr likr
• ^.antiiv ot Mjtr, b«•fulr^ IVj-ivr .iml rthrr valiuhic
(i,<\lf, whioli I cdtxuvc to havo Nid ihr nvll I'mfixr-
tiuv Wyag: iVat h.vl Nrn imilfrtal.cn by ihr t\m|>any.

C. 'Ihr Fiji /;,•,.;;; O'nipar.y ti'>wlK-{;.tn to niakf a I'.rrat
Fit;uif, to rniiloy a vail Niimlxr «if Sirn, aiui to cxix'ri
|,irf,r Q;,:a'",ti;r's of lir^' I' lK">iis aiul Mati\:lai'turr«, lu
that tliry riircrivn!, that thcwiph their tfrmrr Lharti r wav
n r iV"ire<?, yet upon ik;r AipKcation hi» Mn'liy \W\[\\n
Iv rnvj I" ! r;^ n to fulfil thr I'n'miff <il h;« Ki'yal I'rri''-
rrir.ir, ir^l.r.'.:i I1 a« thry ha.l .nIrraJy fiillii!^-.! the IVrrrs
t;;oii whii!) t'ut I'rciv.il,- va» ni.ivic, ami I. id rrmlrrtil it
nia-ifrf*. th.it the criitinivpj; this C'lrporafinri w.ajlil W for
the ciijvnKm Boiicfit of t!:c whok- h'\:!ilb Nafii';i V\ru
a Rc;"irf.ntativi:i lothiv r.i'iv.R-, lih MaKHy was p/ai iouily
I ;. a!K', in fix M>fth of A/.n- i^o-,, to fi,'a'j»'- ihtir firH
<.I-,ir:cr, in thr Ma-nr-r thty elrfiit', aivl to \\\.\\\r it jv^r-
xf'Jal, vjj< n »l:,,h th- d inp.inv l^j^ri f'> bii M a vi'y

«'[;'■ t::-e Ship, eft'.' B':rfhrn 'it 'nc lIvMil'.in I two hi
i't<-:\ 'I'u.nf, which i^ lakrn Norirr <.t even I y i u,- j^cncrai
H:^ 'rij"«, Nriiil'i* this was the firfi (»ic.it Siiip that had
Km built in tins Kinp/itiir, thr tull'm hivm;; hitherto
fvcn to !n:y thtm ra'y hi::t in lume rl the lltinU h'j k< \
a'.', it !' lanhcr rbfcivrd (vitli by y^in S.'/-jy and Sir //';.'-
/vr; .\t:.;:f:n, ihaf the J'/m tii J.kh:h, whtdi S\t yUi
Ih .'.rui'h.'} ill the lf'e,i JlJir:, \\i' tin- l.irt preat .S;:ij)
v,!;Th wa? cither builds! vr bt:uj;!it lv-y<,n! thr S a».
*f"iry lik'-.vifi l-ui!t .1 new I'mnacr of two huiu'icd and lifty
T'..n< IP .-.trrrd ;he pnat Sl.ip; and wiim |v<h w<rc ready
t ■ bf !i;;: r!r,), th- Kirp„ thr I'tinrc (.| ll',:i.-\ and a {^leat
K';x*vr of tlie i'ii''Cip.'\l Ni4.i!:ty ot fh'- Kiiig<l<itr, wrnt
d -AT. t'l I'^rft'cfJ, svhi'if t'uy i'lncd er IJ-mti! tho p;rrat
S ip, and were all int'itstiied in U'lna , t'le H fl-.rs and
I".j"-«, iff rr thr Pirnrr wa* over, llunpji tlien t,rrat(.u-
riofuir?, .i;-.d of h ph i'ri.r. were Irtt f'> tx- taken away In*
r?v 5^r^ya^,^, or wh"ever file had a Mind to thmi.

Mr Ma '('y. at t'.r T^in- of Ian,-/ ■im^ the Ship, < ailed
ir t!r f'r .:./*' Imrny , an i j^avc the I'mnace th"- Nan.e ol
t!ir l'efrir,-fni. 1m ih- fuicea'i"g Spimp the Company
(";!ted out fur their i"x;{i \'<>ya;;e i>\,<, new Srnp and Fin-
r.irr, ttiprther with two other*, under the C»)inn.and of
Sir H.-finr MuU/fioit, Knight, at I'le Kxpfncc ol eighty
tht.ulard }'.n:!id<. In i6i.), thry I nt a luigle Ship, and
t!ir furreedir^ Spring three Ship, unit- r the Con-.itiand ( t
(.aptam 'Jttn S;rM, at the lAjieiKr of tlirr;!icrc thoulan 1
I'.tmdj.

Thr P:r:u^V:t; at this 'Itnie <-ndc3vo'.ired to hind' r the
F"i!-ji. f: rr) trading on the Coal* of It.ha, whifh oMigrd
t?.r CoT.pany to N- at more than ufoil I'aiiis and Kxp^enc
in ei|i:;ppirg ot;t their nrx! Sri'.iadron, whuh failrd in the
Year r 1 1, ard (or-fii'i-d of fi.>tir laig"- .^'ups r>t w!;ir!i the
fi^-g'H was thf /Vj.y:;<, i^.-nimandrd bv Captain /J.'jmai
Pfi, \sh(i arfivtd latrly af Sur^: m fix Months and Irttlrd
a lavtoiy t'.'f, whuh hr had haidly ( one betore the
Vurroy at G'- 1 lifttl cut a larg" M;et to tlcHroy him It
eirnrtei! of t'nir great (»a!''ons, and twrnry (ix Ciallies,
n which were fjvr tliotjfand Mm, ami one hiindird and
thirty I'irce* oft ar/non ; tnit CapiJi 1 />V//, tliough he had.
*it;i hint on'y a l:ra!l I'l'^Mce, rfL.lvrd to maintain hi.
Faitory, a"d I'l nefence ot if, enpagct) and det-atcd t'lii
f'tni//:i:-^t Jru:.:!.:, m which Action thry l.j't twelve hun-
(Irrd M'-i Aff-r t!iii thr IKrlu^uez! never more diihirlied
th'- bfr!<jh tipn that C<»a(l -, aiiil i.\ lor C apuiii li fi, v. hen
he htd ( 'fli! evry fhirg to hi- gf)0.! liking at oii'j,', h'.

fa.ird to 7

'gtak,

iUm

Cart^'i on H )ard

■t'.-rr, rcf.rr.cd !at'!y Vj Und,,H 11. tile M\>lilh ul July
1 • • ( .

In this Year Captain Sarii alfo returned \\,ih a very rich
I jding, ami Sir 'IL;m,u i^uiiib, liovaniirol the Im/. l^^,^
Company, havinp, rri irlrnted to tiic Ktnj;, that thry had
it ft Mr. t'aui C.i»wn,(, as their Agent, at the Cmirtut th,
tirrat Mogul i but tliat they eomcivid it wuuld heiurilie
Iknelit ot tlir Company, and lor the Honour ot the Ni.
ti.iii, if hi> Majrlly would Iw pleated 1.. iVrd a I'liiunot
Dilbm'lion, with the iitle ot Ins r'nibairador, i„ t|,.,t
gnat Hriiue ; to ttin Ins Mairlty i onlmttd, . ,, | j^.
|H)irtid Sir 'Ihcmat Hcf, Knigiit, his iMiibaliador, 'U,,
I ompany .dl<<, to lluw their liratitude, littcil out a tine
S.juidion ot lour large Miips, under the Comniainl i,|
Captain Ktdirj^, who carried Sir il<on:ii> Roe late to /«,/.r
wlifn he prolriiitrd Ins Attaifs with great Si.icils. I |n'
l-.nj^.'ih and DmlI' Coni|Mnus m the InJiti wcir now nn-wn
to iHiwcilul, that thiy Ivgan to extend tlic S(.uu,gi'tv ol
their rr||><\'tivc Countries over Icveral I'laiTs m i.'ie l,:j,fj
and the / k;! /h patiiailaily pro<urrd t;om the Inhibiiant^
«'f the Iiland of HutJit a Surrender (I thenilelvcs 10 iIk
Crown lit Enf.'jnJ, winch th(7 dui by a lorinal imtfu.
iv.( r t, whuh, liowtvtr, did luit hindi r the I^uui, who
ai!edp,-d, that tlu-y lia I j imr t laini-; upon thol. Coui tries
tiom mt'eavouring to make tlumlilvrs Mairrj ol riu-tii
1 lie Jinj^li/hon the oilur hand proctrd<d 111 ixtrnding their
iKjmiMui.s 111 the l:tijt- India, without ^onli Icring that
thry wanted a I-orec to maintain them, and pii^urid hkc-
wif- liie Suritndir ot htnure by aiioihir lulunn Iiillm
mct;f, unii^r tl.c 1 lands ol the Natives, dated the a^th ul
iScitmlfr i6.'o.

it IS viry certain that all this was very well delignd,
and that the t.ff^ltlh Company, il ili- y had btcn llron^,
cn^ug!i, would liy this mraiu have prcHui-.-J to them-
lelvii a very latge Share ot the Spue 1 rade i but a>
It was, they only o|yi'd a NVay to fhtir o\sr. Ddhiiviion
\\ lii'.c tins wa'. doing 111 the Indies, llicir was a Itcaiy car-
ricl on in t.urcfeiot ihe lotflingall thr |).ltrrenu. Utncia
the two (.omp-inirs, ot whuh, as there h niithing laiJ in
any of c lir grntial I lillorirs, it is resjuilite that we ftjw.lJ
give a diilmOi Aicour.: Iiere.

'Ilicte had l>ecn two ("ommilJiom ilTiied liy Kmp,
'Janid lor I iratiis, lor tin K(gulatic>n of ilieli Ditilri'MCf;,
the one in t.'i. Ytar i')i \, when the Coiihrrncr s wrir htld
at l.ci.iciy th- Irio'iil in i(>i5, when the N. gotuiiun was
( arrird on at the H''/^"-' > but Nilh thrle proved iiielViCtua!,
and ihetffore a new Treaty wa» had in thr Year 1(119,
ix-twrcii t ommitl. oilers ap|ior>ccd l)y cat h ol l!ie l^jthi.i
Cnnipaniis, J:ftf^iiji< iiu\ l)uul\ under the liilpiCtiiin ai.J
Di-ti'tion ot MinilKrs I'lrmpoteniiarics timn thr Kir.p ol
Lir:ai-Br::aiH, and the Stales Cieiinal. i lu Treaty br-
Iwern thr two I oinpanus was contluiird (n ih- Itv.it.'ut
_'/«.'•■, by whui) It was agreed, t'lat ail pall tJiVcr.ccs cu
cirncr SkIc Ihould be b'.iried in Ojlivion, tlur in^th Com-
paniis Ihould trade fury upon tin ir own Stock, tor tiicir
owr Bent tit, but with a nuittial Regard to each ot.'irrs In-
tcrell , that the Frice ot I'-pjer, and otiicr .^j ncs (hmiid
l>c amicably Icttlrd Iviwtrn them-, tiui ihi: Mcluto-
Il1an.;s, together >»i!h inui- ol l>»n,'M ami .in.^.\nj, Ihotiid
belong to the tixi'.'j'i and ]):iU>-> ; but in lu, ii a niariJitr,
that the hn^hjb Ihinild have Lut one-l/iird ot the 'Tia.ie,
an,' the Dutib two-thifd.s.

That thr lx[>eiu-c o! the I ortifitaiions in thole If..ii!j<
rtiould Ix- dettayed by a Duty or ImjuiUnon on t'lc Spicri
exix.rted from th<m ; t'.ai a Council <>l I); tciicc lhui.!d U
rrn'trt', compoird ot MrniUrsot liotli Comiunii s, w.nu
fliould provide lucli Ships ol War as ar^ in<ni..;iied m t>
'Treaty, for thr joint Dclrnte ol b-nii Co.npaiiiri. ; that fli'
TortrelTcs erected in tiiole I'arts fliouki remain 111 tlit J lalK^
of tholr who are poli< llrd of them ■, isnd that Inch as ha.l
tieen ai quired liy l><)tli Co:i)j.inir% llii.uld ninaiii t.', a;.*^
U- jK.iTtlTed by them Ix.th, and Ik garnljucil by t.%':lh
and Dutch Troops, aiKjrding as tiuk Maitrr lluHild l;c kr-
tied and adjulled by tlie Council vl Uclcnx; U l.irr men-
rjoned i that (or the lutiirc tiie wiujlc Trade ot tlie hditi
Ihould be bee to lx»fli Nation', un I that mit'.rr llouli
aCfcmp.t to flnit out the utiiri by Torlnujiie': », 01 Cl; -
trai'ts, with tlir N.iiivrs , that i<i lendei this 1 1 aty nio-:
rik.-ii.al, tiii Jir.l.nimtr Majrlty, and the .Sl.itrs (ienrra!,
Ihuuid be moll humbly deiual nut lu cicct mv oiiiu Co;:.-

•V'
(fr 'tl

I'ook I.

Chap. II. hclimn the Inhahnmits r>f Crcae-Biitain, ^c.

^77

ilfi)refurnfiUitli.ivcryrich
' liovtt.K.riil lUf hijt'.haia
t.) the Kin^. t!ut tiny hid
ir Agent, at tlic fourt ut tlu
•oiu civi .t It Would U' lur the
tor the i lonour of the N^.
r plcalal t(. iViul a I'.iiuiiol
A his I'-niKilfiilor, to tlut
IjlcUy (Diii.i-t!,!, .11,1 jp.
it;ht, his !• iiihali"ji!i)r. 1 1„.
liratitiulr, Uiu\\ out a line
', iJtulcr the (.'(.rrmiaml of
>ir •Ihti:ti! Rof lalrto/w./.r,
IS with (;rrat Si;mls. Tin'
(1 the In Jin Wfir now p,roWM

(XtClul the S</Mrc,j;i',ty ot

kvcral I'laccs in ilie //.■.;,/j^
txiirrd linm thr Inhabitants
■rrtiilcr (I thcnilclvii lo ihi
(7 liul l>y a turmal Inllru-
lujt hinilrr the Duui, who
. laini"; ii[)on tholrCiiUi trici,
he mil! VIS Ma'Icrs <>t u\:ir)
prortrdcil hi ixtriuhim ihcir
.', witlxiut ^or\li,lctin(5 'I'tt
nil thcti), and plot iirivl hkc
r hy aixith'T lolmm liMlru
: Natives, dated tlic t^iU ^.<

hij was very well dcligricd,
\y, it th' y had hcui llruni,
IS have prmiir.-d to them-
t the Spu e I radr ; but a^
IV 10 fhtir own IkUtiK^liOn
liitfi, tlicff was a I fcaiy u;-
pall thr D.lVerenit. Utwcia
, as ihcrc is iiiithnu', lai>i in
It IS requiliic tlia: we (hu^.U

iiinillioiiJ iiriicd liy Kir;
^ulaticn of iheli DitlcriiKi':,

II the Cuiili rcncr s wen- htld
, when the N.goiiatiuimjs
iilli ihrle provcil iiielliC'tua;,
ss.i> had in tlic Year id 19,
cd by eai h cl the i\fljl-k.^.i
'■, under the Iiitpttiiin ai.J
jteniiarics t.fim the Kir.g 1 1

ticiieral. I h< Ireaty \v.
concluiicd I'l ih' kvj;t;ii i
, tjat ail [all CJ;V<r,cts 111

1 (Jjhvion, tiiar l^otli Lor.-
1 tilt ir own Sftxk, tor tiicir
1 Regard to each ethers h'.-

r, 4iul ctiicr Sj ucs, Hii-uld
tlicm i lii-t ihi: Mi^Ki-r
Latii'.a anil .m^,\Ha, \\\o\..A
lib ; but 111 lui ii a niaiu;- 1,
.ut oiit-liiirvi ot the 'I la.ic,

orfifitaiions in ihofc. inaiiJ'
or InijMilliiun »:\ t'lc Spicis
oui.iil lit D-.ti.ntf lliould !;<
rs ol IkiiIi Ci>!r.juiii..s, tthu
\ M as .ir.. iiKiii.ji.td m t>
I b'/tli Cti.njuiiies ; tlut tli*
IliouUl reiiuiii ii» t.':cli.ii«:
htii) ; and that Iwh ai ha.l
lie, till. old KT.iaiii to, a.'.d
lid l>c narnl:int.il hy hvy':/h
IS tiiik Matter Ihould he Ur
.d .A IJctciiti; Ul'Ti- ir.en-
• whole Travletit tlic J-du>
If, an I that niit'.tr ll.oulJ
liy I'oriiiitJiiii; V, 01 Li . •

III len.lei this liaiy ni>r:
ly, and the .Suites (lei.rta!,
nul locic't II. s oliiU Ci-i;:.-

jiaiiies diinni; the I'iiiif ilxfd lor the Continuance ot
thi.t Tuaiy.

That il Ml any iil the l\ulorii, ol the /«(/;«j lHlon(rin|t
eiilier to the hn^li/h or D«/i/>, it thouiti tsil iiiit hy Dfuih'
or other Aieidcnts, that nono IhtsiU he hti to t^kr
Lure ot the htVcdts in the I'idory, that then thry Ihoiilil
be prtlcrved by, and jiiltly atxountiil toe hy tiie Mimiurs
III the iithrr Fai'toryi that thii Ireaty (hail endure tor
twenty Vtjrs, and in cale any Dilptitw flmll Rnjc mit-
wulillandinK thereof, which cannot [\- either ilecitlrd or
atioiiiiiiodatKl hy the Councils of the liikl C mnpanie^,
his lUUauick Mai" l^y, and the Siaut-tient'ral, are hum-
bly tlelired to take the lame under their Cogniranfe, nixl
liiially, to adiull antl determine them. All thole Artielen
were to lie taithtully arui inviolably oblervtil on tioth
^idts, arcoiding to the Iiitt'htitxt of the lakl 'I'rraty, uiitl
the tunc lo lie MtilV'd Ly his Majelly it» one Month
lhi> lieaty was aiconiinfrly ratititil by Kinj^ y,i)iir.i, on
the iMh ot July \i>\(), under his own I lanil, and le.ildl
witlihuBroiuKSeal: InlhisR.wilication hisMa|i liy prouiilcd
ivot to lyatit any L'hartcr or Powers to any other Conip.iny
during the Coniinuanre ot' this 'I'reaty.

(.>nt woulil liAvi imagintil that all Thini^^ mull now

have uone on harinnniinilly and iR'areably, and tint an

Lnd Ivul bicn |Hit to all the Dirputcs between the i»;^!ijh

and Uuicb Companies tor twenty Years at lenll ; Hut it

tell oiB quite otherss ile , tor the Dutch ( ieiural ot the EdJI ■

Uiiia Company having u Fleet ol laij^e Ships iiiulfr hit

Loiuniand, attackrd Lantore, and h.^viiif; tleteatnl the

Nauwi-s, lired the lown, plunderetl the knj^Hjh I'ai'tory,

took away the Cloih, Money, and BuUion, hiloni^iim; to

liie I:.ift- India Company, together with tsventyihree tluni-

LiikI rounils W«ii;!« ot Mace, anil one luiruirnl ami tilty

thouliind I'ouniU of Nutmegs. The En^lijh Fat'lois that

were l(ttl(ftl there, were tVripp'd naked, bouml, Ivaien,

thrown over the 'rown-VVall, and afterwards tiramf.eil

through ihi- .Streets in Chains. The I'adtiry of Poolniti/n

hikl the tanir I'ate ■, and thus all things were in a worli-

.StJte .ittcr this Treaty than tky were before in the Indies.

^^ hat teems to fic moll extraordinary anil allonilliing is,

tliat the Duhb K/iJi-lndtn Company puhlilhei! in /hlhimi

.1 Uetencc or Vintlication of thete I'roceedings, in whii h they

..lledgv.*, that having a prior Right to thel'e lilands, this

loukl not be taken away by any tubl.quent Act ol the In-

lialiuants, who were no longer their own Malli rs i that

ihis War w.vs proleciitt^l againlf the Natives as i'rineipals,

aiit againlt the t.n^'.-jh as Auxiliaries only. I'o this the

hii',.{lfJ pubhlluil an .\nfwer, in whah they abliilutrly de

iiied, cliat the inhabitants ot the Ifland ol Aiwi/.i ever liib-

tnitted themlelv(s to the Diilih, .uid infillctl on their legal

litle to that Couiuiy.

Hut it does not appear, that the Government ivtr inter-
tereif pro(Hrly m this AH'air, or itein.inded jull S.itisl.irtion
ironi the .States ot Holland, whuli might perhaps be ow-
ing to the p<rpl(Xtd Cireumit.mies otOur Adminillr.ition,
aiiii the Ditlereiiics that had arilen lietwcen king yiiw/ct
.md his Parhami lit. i?ut it this ill Ijlage wns hard ti> be
liorn, tliere followed loon alter much worte, when, to take
from the F.nglijh the linall Remains ol the Spue i'raiie,
and to ni(mopt.)li/f entirely a Ctimmerre ol Imh Import-
ana- into their own Hand.s, the Duuh were guilty ol liuii
unheard ot B.iil'antifs in Amtcyna, as tho' tiny may be
lorgiveii, VsttHight never to be torgot , and ytweliiul
lh'.m very iliglitly palled over, even ui thole Works where
we might rtalonably ex[Krt the fulled A'.toiintsot them,
whii-lMi I'lolubly o'.sing to the Ir.elinatioii loiii;- Writers
tiavc to hide the I'aults of their Neighliours, and to pub
iifli tiie l-'xeeirc. ot no ( lovernment but thtit own.

Ytt as at the very lime it liapjHiied, the /•,'.(//• /«,//,)
Company hen- t.K.k t-'are to give a lull ,ind l.ug. Atiounr
ot" the whole 'I'lantaCtion, trom ludi Autlioiiiies as can-
not be tiuellioned, it teems but r(alonablt that lor the
lake ot I'mih, and the perpetual I'rctcivation ot lo au-
ihentiek and curious a I'iece, which otherwile as a I'ani
phlet m.iy be in Danger of being loll, as well as tor .ither
Kealtais wimh Ihail be expreff-d hereatier, we tliould in
irrt It intire. It is indeed ot tome ia-n!',th, and lielivried
■ n an un.outh and aiitii|uated Stil ; but lunvrvei, 11 v.
Iietter it Ihould Hand k\ thaii that \se ilunild lun any

Uiltiuc ot altering the Facts, by endeavouring to amend
the I »m[',iiaii;e III which they arc cxprcllcd.

(>. ilmkytia is an Iflanil lying near Seran, of the Corn-
pals ol lorty l.i.igues, and giveth Name alio to lome other
Imall llland* a.l)Hcent. It btartih Cloves j for gathering
ami buying In wliereot, the Ennlijh Company, for their
I'art, iiad planted live Uveral Faitories : 1 he I lead and
l<enih7voii4 ot all at the I own of /Mo)na, and therein
Iilli Mailer dVarj^c Miijl/jamp, and afterward Matter G'a-
w/c/ TeHL'tfin, their Agents, with Directions over the
Imalltr i'at^lories at Unto ami Latica upon the lame Ifland,
iiiiil It lAo anil Cambdlo upon a I'oint of their neighbour-
III]', lll.iiitl of Snail. Upon thefe IHands ot Aniboyna, and
the I'oiiitof Smm, the D«/</; have four Forts i the chief
of all IS at the laid Town of Amboyna, and is very tlrong,
haviii", loui l't;inis, or Bullwaiks, with their Curtains ;
and upon km\\ ol ihele I'oints lix great Pieces of Ordnance
mounted, iiiolloi them of Urafs. The one Side of this
I'alUi IS u.ilh'd by till- Sia, and the other i^; ilivided by
the 1 .and, with a Diti h of tour or live Fathom broad, very
deep, and tilled with th>' .Sea. The Garril'on of this City
toiililleth ol about two hundred Dutch .Soldiers, ami a
C i.mpany of tree Hi.;glurs. Belides thefe, there is always
a iiialiir ol three or tour huiulred Maidikers in the Town,
teaily to Icrve the Callle at an I lout's warning. There
lie alio in the Roail, divei Ic good Ships belonging to the
/)«/(/', .r. wrll tor the (iuard ol tlic J'lace by .Sea, as for
the ();ialiun r,l I'lafVuk, this being the chief Rendezvous
as well lor the Illaiid of lianda, as for the rtfl: of Amhy-
n<>. \ lere the En^lijh lived not m the Caftle, but under
I'miei'don thereof, in a lloufe of their own, in ttie Town,
holding, themtelves liile, as well in rcfpcft of the ancient
Bonds of Amity betwein botli Nations, as of the drift
Conjun^lion matlc by tiie late Treaty before mentioned.

'i hi y continued Ik re two Years converling and trading
logetlur, with the Dutch, by virtue of the faid Treaty,
ill wliiili I'ime there fell out fcvcral Ditferences and De-
liates between them ■, the Englijh complaining, that the
Duld' tliil not only lavilli away mv;ch Nloney in Building
and unnrtetlary Fxpcnces uj^on the Forts, and otherwife,
and bring large and unrcalonable Reckonings thereof to
the common Account, but alfo did, for their Part, pay
the t Jarrilbn with Viduals and Cloth of Coromandcl, which
they put oil' to the Soktiers at tliree or four Times the
Value It cotl them, yet would not allow of the EngliJIj
I ompany's Part ot the lame Charge, but only in ready
.Money, thereby drawing trom the Englijh more than twtj
Tliiitis tit the whole true Charge. Hereupon, and upon
the like Occalionr, grew fome Difcontents and Difputes,
aiul the C ()mi)laint.. were tent to Jaccatra, in the IHand ot
yiit'i' Miijcr, to the Council of Defence of both Nations
there leliiling, who alto not agreeing upon the Points in
Dill'erence, li-nt the fame hither over into Etiropi, to be
ticeidetl by both C'umpanies here, or, in Default of their
Agieenviii, by the King's Majcl\y, and the Lords the
Siaies t.eiural, .kcording to an Article of the Treaty of
the Year icnion this Ikhalf. In the mean Time, thp
Dilcnnt'iit biiween the Englijh and the Dutch about thefe
and oihu jliU'erences continued, and daily increal'ed, until
,it kill thriv was a Sword found to cut in I'under that Knot
at once which the tedious Difputes of Amboyna and Jacca-
t>;t lould not untie ; .ind this was ufed in the Manner as
lolloweili,

Aboiii the 11th af February 16^2, O. S. a Japoneft
Siildierof tiie Dutch in their Calllc of //»«%«(?, walking
111 the Night upon the Wall, came to the Centinel, and
there, among other Talk, an<ed him fome Qiieftions
touihing the Strength of the Caftle, and the People that
\vi ir therein. It is here to be obferved, that thote Jafo-
ntjc i!id tor the moft Part ferve the Dtitch as Soldiers, yet
wen not of their trully B.unis always lodged in the Caftle,
but upon Ocialion called out of the Town to alTift the
Watch. I'his 'fapor.ffc aibrefaid, w.a.s, for his laid Conte-
r.*nce with the "Centinel, apprehended upon Sulpicion of
Ticalon, ami put to the Torture ; thereby he was brought
r.i tontels himlcif ami fundry others' of his Countrymen
iheie, to havK lontnved the taking of the Caftle Here-
upon otiier Jdfiwf.' were examined and tortured, as alfo
a I'eriuiur-: tir <niardian of th Slaves under the Z)«/f*.

.0 O During

.'. f <.i

i!,;

■m i

rA III

1/. iMji.Mi.iil .i^'Aihi oj I Pi bitcn curie

B(K)k I.

,;^ I

mm'\

^i^l

If L'-- ' ' '

, t iKiT^ ■ ^ —

IhirtPg (!.■} IxJi'i'iAtio*^! w>iii'> iiXKiiiuitl ihiic or four
pj;«. I "ti « I «iu IjigirimtH went to JihI Ifom liu Lil-
«lr, Uj-^in (he r Hii,.nfk Uw tl- l'nl<'i>erj. Uinl ».» thtir
TKiniies *n«! of ihc Oimc Uui i>t elicjr Chirii,r, but all
ilii« wti li- lulf<<lnl not ilut !l>u Matter ilm i»i>y wliit
coir- in t.icmKi*.', hiviiig n<vrf tuil any ConvuLmon

Willi lilC /(;«.•» y. l»of Wl! 1 thv l\'ltiXUiU 4t(.>f.Uul.

At li.c UiiK liiiwr, tt.Mc »v.i\ oiv ,/>«.' /V/.r, Chirur*
pre, t3 th« huzkh, I'll!"'' T •'> «l»- i-jllle. •'-r "HVriri;, in
hi* l>'ur\k«nn:s ti>l t a i'«'. '*'-•'• I l"iii>*un 1 iti. iiiu
I-iIh)** ihc /)ii/.(fc t<*jk, ai tl (hvwcil l.uii loiiit: ot llic "Ju-
f<M'jt, wiv>ni tiicy luii i'xi\ in..t( jjritvoully tofturcvl, ftvi
li>ki hint, lilt) luit K.nKftvil till tng^jb to hav. Ix-m « t
tluir Cciiir.\U:ia«.y lor tl.r la!;;!^' «'t th. taltl;-, aiul tlut ii
U *ou'.U I'wt tooliN il»c Unv, they »iOul.l uU liim even
41 ilK-y h»l «u»t.c the 'Jdfiucjty a-i.t wmle alio. Ilaviim
Hucit Itirn tiir Tyrtuii, tl»«j' Vm\ iua.!r him cunfili whut-
tvii iJiM a(Ud him. TIm> was <,n thi i;lh w! ttimatj
to;;, U. S. lurth«itli, .iliwut Nmt I'l the Llixk lli«
l-niv Mtifni;i^. iluy Jct.i U^r l a, lam f tc./r/iw/, an.l tl>c
tiU ul i-c t.i^,i/' {}^it wrre in idr Towii, to t. me tu
ll-cak \»iili th^- U.vrr or in liir LalUc. Ihcy ail went,
Uv '■'Oi ti,..l »,i. 1. 1< to k«.q> the Uuute. H-ti.^ twmc tu
Ihc oc-vtrnuf, Ik- tolJ i.4i.Uin t'eufrj.M, dot hjnikll aiU
other* 'I hi% Natum, wrrc a*culeii cl a Conlpra.y to
li,i('fi/ciiic Lalti'-, ami till ut' Iff, until lurtl* r l rial, nnc
t > rcnuin Pitlntis. lnl'..iiu'y alio tlicy -:i ukui h;m that
\»ak hit at home in tlu-lltiu!:, u.<)k tiic Muvhai^.i/.'- ul
the t\','t^ Lon^|.ar.y thur inti> tlxir ■«.> t uiU.Jy, l,y .w>
Invent'ny, iiuJ tn/.il .ul tl.- l lulU, H"Xr», tk>uk , \S ii-
ijnj;^ a-Al other tJ».:.g* in tl.t i.'.j[<'/' II Hile.

Lii'tJ.ji iturrj.M Mas conuiiitf J to hj» LJuinlxr, witli
a '.«!...»;• I /.*«../• Sukiierv l:->ijnkii Iua.ji<t wa. k<pt
rn;»>i.tr .a liu- liiii. i thci.ll, :-)2. 'JyLu iuamenu i^-
u„rul*i-.H.\ lituiam //V.'.'fr, l./lruim Kuoi/iX, ^imtflv
'jihMjtt^ Jil'H l-^nic, Mu'. /$ii»r! li.fvi, wac Jjiit aUuid
thr Dmi.u iMii^s thtn luiirji in llai...uur, tonu to oiic
Shij>, as.tl lutitc lo aiictiirr, aiiJ u!i auUc fall iii liuiis.
1 i.t lan.c Unv ail-i ihc dovcii.w Unt to the t*o other
i ]Cl< iit<> Lt ll.<- Uiivr l.'.ai. !, to ap^^rchcnd the .'cil ut the
h-i^Jl thirci I'll thut >J»«i../ C*!;i'i, jf'i't Cititk, (Sargt
bi.aii..i'. Cm Wilt tilling in the I jt^toiy at lliltc, aiitl
tJviaid C<,..4M, H itii.im U-tfibtt, ai.ti y<t'« ^-sMtr, .it 7^-
i(..-, %»nrr >il bioii^ht I'liluiuis to ./*/'j<«(i, tht lotliol
l;;id*r> ; $^\,n vkhiili Day alio 7 2« /*«.«/, y*e-
It.', jiU /i.i...w /^..ilitii, Wiic .ijj-t hrr.uttt .it C'j/-.<....',
^1 ill '/'^ £•"*'"•'» Wi'-tMn Gri«^', anJ Irhi.iim Humjiy
at /^/-, j'aI liouj'lit !rj Iiuiit :.) .'.ml.v.j, tJ^c ;otii nt
till lantr Mu.:iL In t!«r iiwan I .;m, tie Cioveu.or anil
I i!v J wu.: to wotlw v.;:ii ilir I't. unen tiiat were a.naiiy
htr. , and Su\\, th.y lent lor 'JUh iUam:nt anJ ■hmi.:bj
'Jti.niiii, liotn on IkiarJ the l^nicotn, >»'.i) being tt.nic
K,U> li'ir Ctlllc, liej-t.';! •a't Irti Mith aCiu.ti in lii;. 1 UU,
uui yd' 'iv went ir.tu a: oi.'.^r Kiu.'Ji, w|,t. .-, by a;. J by,
iU»'-i>ii .>ard hmi ciy out vu/ |stiiui!/, ti. :> to Ik quici
a iiii>). V. ;!;!:, anJ then k'UJ jgjin.

Alta TiP.c ol the 'loiture, then .He! FtiiffUi Chirur-
gton ti..t t^.n't was examiini and tDnurtJ, wi.is btouyht
in to Li.i iiuitt a-»i atcuh- him : LuC "jUaj.H ii<ic yet ion-
kflin^a.-.y tli.i.};, Ptt.t w.miu;c.kly canini t.ur, ^ jdn
/(«brmit;;,t again to thc'lortun', ■^{wx^hianx.ni l.caf.! iuiii
io.nirtitiiCN iiy al(Ai<i, then ouir! agaii , t.hrn mar afirfli.
At 111!, atur hr ha! Ixtn ai)cji;r a-i Hour in i!.i» IcluiuI
Kxajnina':on, he was brought (otrH waiiin[; ar.i! Iwnent-
iiig, all wet, and <rur!!y bornt in I'.ivctfc Part^ ot h;'. Ik)
('y, aRi! Tu .'.ud alKlc, in a Hyc jilacr in thr I lail, miiIi .i
Sj.-Kr t'l "atch hini, that hr l})wi!il Ij-taL to m.lxAiy.
linn «a-. EiuMr.i<! I himfcn biu4;'l.t tu I' .vanuiiatton, not
. ti.i- M'AiM winrc 'Jelmjan \\*'. Ixtn, Init in anodur Ionic
vtlu: laitiiir from i).r 1 lall i yct£^>'Mo«; Ixiii^^ inthei lall,
!.. aru h n\ ri>»r mo|} lamtjitaiJy, and nia:.y linics : At
lall, .i:.' : an Hour an hail Ij/trt in tortuiii.^ hini, lie was
iai(i'-.l a.'.iy ;;•.'.;> aiu^ih'r KiKjin anoilui Wjy, lu ilut lie
(uriic not iy li'.sfKin: t:\nj' ilu 1 Jail. Next »\a» liiainiKi
• alicd IK, .ii.'.l U'.i.^ i!-.::,ai.dci! ii.any tliiLtS j11 vslmh he
.•.i.id .'. ;:i 'Ircjj Ciat;,» jiid Tr-t' l!atlI)l■.^, wa-, iiu.i< Ul
'•I > ft..- ', jL Li'Jiii !:rd ai-oui l.is Neck, and i«o Men
I'- u:v A. . :!., ;r Jjfi of Wa!' r to Ix- piitired on hi» I It ad ,
ii.. \.r I^; :!,. I.'..!: 'hi C..vcfi..Ji i .i 1 luol; linn, h;

w. lid l>Mrc hn» a l)a> or tuo. JKr.m:: :,r wa% an old
Man i tli;% was a,l i,:tur.Uy\ Woik, tl,, , -th „| /w^^
n atoreiai I.

On tin lOihHillitmint'itr, EihiuirJ CMhs, f.thjim
Hdmftjt wmI R^htti Itnwn, '•en- triihed hum aboard the
HoiitrMm tube titamiwtl : At the lanir time ramr S,mi,tl
Lyij»>i, irtiium Un^xi, !U\>i JoSn CMrk, Gfarr, Sbtrr, t
«Uil JJ-H i-idifT, Iron, liuit and Uru,,, ttA were immr*
iii4iely ui>o« tluir Arrival, bfcHiRht imm the Call le.||u,|
kfiktri Brtivn^ 'laylor, wa% t'lrtl railed in. ami bdnit i, -'
iiientcd w.tli Water, contelied all in imlir ij tl,e | i^j
alkcd h.ui. I ixii wa» hJunri Celiins ealled in. ami : ,M
chat tliolf tlut weic tormnly examined had cimlelled hm
as aiccliary to the I'lot ol takm-; the Calll.. which, w|,r»
he t;tiut.l miihH"-at i>ath> and I xccratums thty inaile
hik I lands ojkJ h'» t'ft lail totltc Ra.k, Ixiund ■ Cloth
alx>ui his 1 hioat r«*ty to U pit to the loitur .• ui tlic
Water., I luw fiej aral he prayeil to be leli ired. and he
would to..(cl» ail. Iking let down, hr again yriwrd
a.itl i-roicllrvl hit li -locenty ; yet fiu!, tliat Ijccaule he
knew th y would, by I oituit.niake hini conlcliany thmg,
t!...iigh luv.r K. fahc, tlwy wwild tlo him a git« lavou?
to tc.l hini what tliry would liave hini lay. and Ik wouU
l|Kak It, toaviinl the I orturr. 1 he Kilcal henupon laid,
Wluf, do you ijvick as? And Ixtd u\, with him again]
aril lo j;.ivc hiin the torment ot Wjtcr, which he not
able loiij} lo endure, dtlind to U let I'own .ipain tu his
Conltinoii ; Ihiii he ileviled with himUlt and told ilirm,
I (wt aiAHif two M'.nihsand a lull aj'o, hjniklf", 'Ihtmfleii,
y#iHry««» liroun, nu\ l-.ttiit, lud i>lottcit. With the lle.i)
of ti»<- JafiUji, to liir|>ri/c the Caltle. Here be wasin-
uriuftcd by tlic l-ikal, and alked wkthci Ca^itam Ten-
erjcH Wire not ol that Con(f>iraf y ;' I le anlwcrtd. No •,
you ly(, laid the l-iKai, dii) not he call you all to hini, and
tcil yoti, that thole ilaily .Abides ol liic Dn/ii had caulcd
him to ihiuk ol a I'Kit, and that he wanted n<jth.nf! but
your Content atui S<'crety ' Ihen laid a Dnieb Maduiit,
one J.bn Jx^ji, tlut IUhaI by. Did not you all iWar ujion
a ILldc to l>c keret to hini .' Ci^iitni anUercd with (;rcat
Oaths, that he kikw nothing ol any li:ih M.itter : 1 hen
they Iwle nude hini (all a(;ai:n whe:(iii< i he t.hen laul,
all wa» iruc that tiiey had Ij^iken. 1 Inn the Filcal alkcd
hun whether tl»c Ajj^.i//' in the reft ot the ImOIoiks were
not tonlcni'nn to this I'lot ? I le anlwcnd. No i the Kil-
cal then alki-d him whether the I'rclWIent cl the IJigiijb u
Ji,,atr.i, «r Mailer // /.'u'.'W, A^i nt in /)j>i.w, were not
I'loiler*. or privy tj tins Buliiiils ? .■\|;ain he anlwereil
.No: llun the- liUal alkid hiin by what Means die /a-
f«iit/i iliciild luvt ejttciited their l'uf|Kjlc ? Wheieat, when
CiLtm liiMAJ l)a(j(^eiiiip; and dcvifing ot I'^nie piobablc i-ic-
tiun, the I-;li«l /iii|>n! h:!ii. and laid. Should not t»(i 7«-
f<>»tj< iuvi gone t'leaih Point of the Caillr, and two tx
th: Ci'^vciikt's ChiMilxriioor , anil ssi.cn the I iuilylxidy
liad Ixen w.thoiit. and thi (iovcriior luniin^ to lie wlur
WAS the .Matter, the Juf^mje to h*vr killed him ■' Here
ui.b that llcKxt by la.d to the Idid, |)iinul tell hiin what
he llioukl lay, but kt hiin l|xak ut lundWli whercii|t<jn
tlie i iT al, witfiout attending the Anlwcr to his lonner
<juejht>n, alkrd what the 'Jafoniji were to /lave lud l^a
t^iiif K. ward ? (.ouir.i anlwcr' I ii, > Kials apiece.
lutHy, \,i alk<i.l hull sshin this Plot Oiould have liceiii!
tiitcd? \\'hcr«u|ii)ii, although he aiilwertd hiiii notliiiij;,
not kuowi.-tf, what loiUvile u{)On the luddi n, yet he was
ililiiallcd, and very gla>i to cumc char oli'the loiiure,
though Willi certain Beliel that he Ihould die tor t.iis hi.
t-oi.ti.Hion.

.Next Was Hamuli Col/cn brought in, Ijeinj; newly atrivcd
tiom llitto, as IS IkIoic ti>uthed, and was tin lanu: Uay
broimht tu tlic ToKuic, who, lor fear ot the l'.».ii »!iere-
with he law UiJim ei>inc our, in luch a Cale, tha: his l.ycs
were aliP.ull blown out ol hii Head wiili the luimcnt ot
Water, chofe rather to lonltis all they .iiked hnn, and lo
wa, cjiiitkiy diliuiircd, eomii',g out weepiiig, linitaimg,
I ri>:^-|lil.g his Iii.'.oveiK y. Ihen Was 'JJ.n t....'re, tlut
cunc witii LoljoH Ironi Hutu Ittiiieil m, and a ..tile alter
was heard to iry «/■. t amain. I'hey tortured h:ni with
Wata and with 1 m, by the Space ot two lloi.ii. The
Manner of his 1 oiiwie, which sva» hkewilc that ot Ji-ii-
j.'t\r.K\ fii.mj»n\, wui ai l.liowcth l-i.-l!, tiiry hodl.J.

{■ r--v

C.s,^

j» a;///?*--'/./ j. '^"^'* -^f *u.^-L.^

•J^

H<x»k I.

Il** rallul ,n. and bcng >„r.
'I all m <m!,r 4i,|,c | uj
"^C«;<w calif,!, n.wdt.M
'Winintd bd rcx,»cilbd /^.m
'"f^tlKUm., wh.d,.«.h,n
and 1 xfcratioru thty ,na„f
«oti)cKa.k, lx)undi Cloth
« I 'tit ((. the- run,,,, u, „,^
ir»yfil to be rcli iftti. and he
t down, hr again nmcl
y«-« Uid, tint Ijceaule he

«.lddoh,mannt«law,tr
>avc hini l.iy. and Itt wou'J

IhyF.lcai her, upon (aid.
'd Ixid uj, wirh him again
" "I Water, which he n„r
« U let .'ownapaiii to hii
widi himldt and told iJK-m
luH a;'o, hiiiikl!'. ';if«i»^/t,'
Iwd pl<.tt(4', witl, tlirljr -,
K-Caltlc. Hue 'je wa. m.
if^cd wiicthci Ca^xam Tou..
'irafv :' i If «nf«vcred. No ;
t he call )oiiallt()him,and
rcM.I ill.' Z)*/,( hiijcaulal
thax he wainnintjih.niibtit
u-n faid a Ihub Mrdunt,
Did not you .ill Iwcar \i\nxi
■ ■..iini anlwcrdl with j^rrat
III any li;ih Matter : i hen
k whrrniix'i he t')cn laid,
■n. 'i'lun the hlcal alkal
' reft «)t the I aitoriM wrn-
f aiilwtftd. No \ the Kii-
I'fdulaitd the /:ff^;,y^at
jRi nt III Hj>,.u;, were not
in<-|\ > .\"^Mn he aiilftrrrd
in t.) wiiar Mrans ilic y,i-
• Fuf|M)lc ? Whfi ear, when
i{iii(4 i>t l.iiiie {iioliuMc \w-
1 laid, Sf-.ould not two y^
of tiie Ciillr, and two m
Jiiii vshtn tlic iluiiybufly
crniir coming to Ice wlut
I h^ve killed him ' Hen-
I il, |)i) riut tell liiin wli.it
k ot Inn, I; It i whcrtiijvjt\

III Aldwu to hi> loriik-r
>itji were to /lavf luil lu
ed jc.\ ii Rials a pieie.
Plot fliould have Lx:cn il
c aiilwcicii liiiii iiotliinf.',
1 ilir luiMc n, yet he was
lie thai oti'the Totiure,
c ihuuki die tor taii hi,

t ill, lifiiignrwiyr arrived
, and was the lanu: Day
r tear ot tlic I'a.ii w.'icre
uch a Call-, tl.a: his l.ycs
.id wiih the 1 u.iik-nt 01
thry .liked hiin, and lo
jM weeping, lamenting,
» wa> 'JgIk Ci.:r(, that
led III, and a i;tile alter
hey tortiirrd li:m with
'•.e iA two 1 Ici.r,. The

IV hk'Wile that ot 7'^^ '•
rth Firll, they hoilUd

lir:

■ ■• 't.

H .
$'

|i ■!

itj- '

r';-:t

pi i|;

''f'l

m"'

hi'

h ■->

i-^

//( . /,'/■///*' ///.f I /(//<!, A't/ f'y Mr .(^ ///iVi 4^/1 f/tr ( ///y//.t/t if/ yVinuoviin.

.. ^//' r,'/i,/(/f,'H ,////. t //f//A*/f /// //{,■ Sy ft ffyf t'ft .f' mr/r f.rfiY4/fi'/i

Chap. II. ktj.\\'H the hha/^iuints of Great-Britain, £?f •

>/ Ainlmviia.

oMiKl rtrrtcl , ami lli ma.lc \\wm U(i l)emath, iin.la rlic
l>)or Irrc* on ruh Sutc. Ilun thry boiiml j Cloth a-
IhiUt liii Nftk ami l-'.ur (o tlok-, tlut little or no Water
coiil.l }/}'> lijr I th it done, ilic y |H>urcil the Water lofdy un-
uii hii llcail, until the Lluth wa» lull up to the Mouth
aiut NollriK anil fomrwhat higher, lb that he couM not
ilraw Breuh hut he mull witlul liuk in the VVat^r \ whi( h
U nm Ihll contmui-il to l< |>)Uri-d in ibltly, fbrceJ all \\\^
inwaril I'arw to tonif out ol hii Ndlc, \ut^, ami I' vis,
anilolfcti, a> it were-, llirtm«? or ihoaking him i ,it knyrh
liH)k away his Ure.ith, anJ brought him to a Swoon, ur
l-aintinn : Then they took him quickly liown, ami m iili-
him vomit up the Water •, king a little rtcovead, tli< y
ticii hin) up agwn, and |xMir J in the Water as lielorc,
oltcn taking him down as he Icemal ti he Hilled. In (his
Manner they handUxl him three or fmir K-vcral I'imes
«i(l) Water, till h;s Body wa< iWolii twite or ihruc a'i

lua
to .iv.ikl. '!.• liihliribcd, and lb had a great Iron-bolt, and
two Shaikh-s r'vitcd to his Legs, and then wai tarried
back to I'rilbn.

After this Geor^i Hharrork, AlTiftant at llilh, wtt
ealKd in Q^ullion, who frting how grievoufly otIiciH wctc
martyrM, made Ins earncll I'raycr to (ioD, as fmce U|x)n
Ins Oath he hath acknowiedp/d, that !.e would fulFcr
him to make (biin- liuh probable Laes againit himlelf, an
the Diitib mi^tht Iv li' ve, and lb he might efcajw the Tor-
ment. Heing tiroiin;ht to the Rack, the Wafer provided,
and the Caiiclit'i li!!,hted, he was by the fJovetnor and I'il-
cal examined, and tharged witli the Conlpiracy. He tell
upon hii Knees, and [iriitelh\l his Innocence \ thci they
commanded him to the Rack, and told him, unlels he
would contVls hi' (hiuiU he tormented wii'i Fire and Wa-
ter rn Death, and then ihouKl be drawn by liie Knees to
ihf^Ciallows, and there handed up. lie dill pcrfilliny in

big uik-lorr-, his Checks like greni Bladders, and his Ivyrs his Innocence, the Filial bit? him be hoilkd upi then he
Uarting and »nitii..g..ut beyond his For.head j yet all craved Rcfpite awhile, and told them, that he was at
this he bore wiiiinut contellint; any t'.mg. inlbmuch ihar Hitto, and not in .hitb.yii.j upon Ntw-lcar'i-Day, when

the I ileal and lormeniori riviled him, layin;^, iliit he
was a Ik'Vil, and no Man, or lurely he was a Witch, at
Irall hail Ibme Charm alKnit him, or was inchanred, ihit
Ik could Ixar lo n'uch \ ivhcrcfoic they cut oil' hit j lair
very lliort, as lupiKjling he had Ibme Witelicaft hiii-
ik-n thtrem. Atterwards they hoill'd him up again,
as before, an. I thin burnt him with li|.^hted Candles in
the Bottom ol his Fut until the Fat dropped out on the
Candies, yet rhcy a;'piied trclh Lif^hts unto him ■, they
burnt him allb under the KIbuwi, and in the I'alhis ol Ins
Hands, likewilc under the Arm-pits, until his Inwanls
might evidently be Iccn.

At lall, when they law he could of himfrlf make no

handlbmc Confill'ion, then ihey led him Atw^ with Qiie-

rtions ot particular Circumlhnces by themfeives framed.

Being thus weaned and overcome by the Torment, he

anfwered. Yea, to whatever they alked, whereby they

(hew frmn him a K\!y 't ConlelViun to thivbtVedi to wit.

That Captain 'icrat.ii had, upon Nnu-Tun'i-Dty then

lall pall, fworn all the t.n^iib at /Itnbeyna to be Iccrrt and

alliUant in a Plot that he had projiiffed, wjtii rlie I lelp of

the 'JitpiHffe^ to liirprile tlie Callle, and to put the (iovcr-

iior and the relf ol the Dutch to Death. I laving thus

martyred tiiis poor Man, they lent him out by four Bl.icks,

who canir<l him between them to a Dungeon, uliere he

lay live or fix Days, without any Chirurgi^on to drels him,

until his llclh being purritied, great Mapp;ots dropped ami

crept fi\>n) it in a molt loathlume and noilbme Manner.

Thus they linilheii tiieir Sabbath-day's Work ; and it

gryvrmg t\ov/ datk, lent the rell ot the h'nglijb that came

that Day from Uiilo, and 'till then attended in the 1 lall,

lird, to the Smith's Sliop, wh.ie thiy were liaded wi:h

lions, and then to the i.ime loathfume Duniyon, wlieie

Car* and tlu- ictl wete a.eompanud with, the pojr J ii/<o-

iii/f, lying in the l'utrcUi.-tion ot tluir 'I'oiture^

tlie Conlultatlon wai pret-ndu!, neither li.ul he been there
linie Xovcmkr hdrn; as was well known to fundry of
the Dtiuhmtn tlirmfelws that refidcd there alfu with
Inm.

\ lereupcn t!)ey commanded him again to the Rack \
but he craving Rtfi>ite, as ktbre, now told them tliat he
h.id many Tinus htard 'Join Clark lay, tliat the Dutch
had done them m.iiiy unfunirablc Wrongs, anil that ho
would be revenged on them •, to which I'.nd he had once
broken with Captain '/burr/i'w a brave Plotj ar which
Word the I'ilV.il and the reil were attentive, encouraging
him ti) prix-eed \ io he wrni on, faying, that John Clark
had entreated Captain l'or:n-fuii, that he might go to Ma-
cnjf.'.r, there to tonfiilt and advife with the Spaniards to
come with (jallies, and rob the fmall Fadories ^of /1m-
I'oyna and Sccaii, wlun no Ships were there. Here they
allied him what Captain fcwtrfon laid to this ? To which
he anfwered, that Captain i'cxcrfott was very much ofllnd-
ed with CL'.ri for die Motion, and fiom thenttforth coulJ
never abide him. I iereupon the I'llcal called him Rogue,
and laid he prati.d all from the Matter, and fliould go to
the Torture : He craved Favour aij.iin, and began another
r.ile, to wit, That upon Ttvclflb-Day, tlicn lall pall, 'Jcht
dark told him at Hitto, that there was a Praiflice to take
the Callle of .Imioyna, and adied him whether he would
confent thereto •, whertuiHjn he demanded of CLirk wh;'-
ther Captain 'I'uX,.-irfoH knew of any fuch Matter, svhich
Clark affirming ; then the faid Skarrock laid, he would
ilo as the rell did. Then the Fifcal afked him what Time
the Confultation was held .' 1 le anfwered in Novrmbcr latl :
Th- I'ifcal laid that could not be, for the Confuiration was
on iVi;r-^;<;r'j-/'iiy. The Prilbncr laid as before in tlie
H'ginning, tliat lie h.ul not been in /imboyna fince tie.:
Firll of Dccmber till now, that he was brought thither ;
why then, qiioih the Fifcal, have you belied yourfelt ?

The n; \t Morniiij';, being Moihliy, the St vtnf enth of Wh'Teto the Prilbiur refolutely anfwered, that all that h;:

1 (Lnuiry, (). S. Il'illi.n't Cri^gs and 'jfohi iardo, witii
i.eitam 'Japofuff, were brought into the i'lace ot F.xami-
n.ition. The 'Japuneft were firll cruelly toituied to accufe
CiTigi, which, at lall, they did \ and O'v;;,'. '*> •"^'^i^' '''"=
like lomire, contctl' d all tli.it the Filial iK manded. By
and by the like was ullo done by 'John I'urtie .ind other
/apon. !'■■ : But l-urJj Iiimlelf endured the Torture of Wa-
■.I.Hed wIiatliKver the Kil'cal alkuil

ter, and, at lall

Inm, and fi was lent back to I'riUm. The fame Day al-
io J(ii.':i Hia:i!',nt was brought the licond Time to the Fil-
cal's Chanikr, win :e one Cap'ain iXf.vpvr:, a Dutchman's
Son, born m KniiaiiJ, w.-s iile.! as an lni:rpreter j Willtam
(iri^'i was allb bioiight in to acciile liiin, wlio laid, i'hat
u Ilea the Conlulation w.is held lor taking the Callle, he
the faid llamont was then jnclent •, Ikamont denied it with
guai I ainellri Is, and dcp (;aths ; at lall, bem^, llretched
I'p, aiid drcnthvd w;:ii V. „;.r t.ll h.s Inwards were ready

hadfpol.-n tfiucliin;; Tieafon was falfc, and feigned only
to avoid I'ormrnt. ' 1 hen went the Filial out into anoth. r
Room to the (iovrrnour, ae.d anon returned and lent
Sharrock unto the Prifon again.

The next Day he was called again, and a Writing pre-
fentcd him, when in was framed a formal Conftn. on of
his lall Conference with CLnk at Ilitto, touching the Plot
to take the Callle of Imboyu?, wliieh being rc.ul over to
him, the I'iftal aO;eil hini, whether it was true or no ?
He anfwered no : Why then, laid the Filcal, did you con-
fefs it ? He anfwered, tor fear ot Torment. Tlie Filcal
and the reft, in a great Rage, told him he lyed, his
Mouth had fpokcn it -, and it was true, .ind theretore he
ihoiild fubfcribe i:, which, a, loon .is he had done, he
fell prelentlv into .i great Pallion, cliarging them bitterly
to be guilty' of the innocent Blood ot himfelf and the red,
which they Ihould look to anfwcr fjr at tiic Day of Judg-
ment i

lii

' I

S8o

An hijlorkal Account of the Intercourfc \} Book I.

:**■'*

mint ( wulul he grappliJ wiih tlu- Filiai, ami would
luvc ftojijH-i! him fruin cirrying in the Gwfcll'iuii to the
liDVcrnnr, with whom he alii) craval to fixak, but was in-
ilaiitly lau! hoM on, ami c.irricil away to I'tilon. ll'iliiam
t1':i-!\r king next rxamiMcJ, was toll hy tht- Filiral, that
Jclm C'ari haJ tonfeflcil him to hav. hciti at .-hnhoyna on
'Nr.t-2far'i Dtj, »"'' '*'*'■" «« Caj^tain Teuerjltit's ?\ot,
t-f, . all which ho dcnicii, alledginj^ he was that Day at
/,'r..<»i v<i. Ivitig brought to the Torture, he then con-
(r(V \ he hail b-.-cn at the Conluliation at Ambc\Ha upon
Si-.f yfitr\<-D<ty, with all the reft of the Ciriumltanccs in
oriUr as he was allNCil.

He alf> further tohl them, he had received a Ixtter
from Jd:> CUrk, after which wa^i a Poftfcrii't, excufing
h:* brief Writing at that Time, for that there was then
preat ajfiiufs in hand. But one Kcndrr^ a DuKh Mer-
chant, then rtanding by, told the Governor, that u})on
AV;t'-7Vjr'.f-D<ir, the lime of this wctcnded Conlulta-
toil, Jt'<hl>(r and he were merry at Larica \ fo the Go-
\Trnor left him and went out : But the Iifcal hcKl out
upon the other roint, touching the Poftfcript of CLark'i
I-etirr, urging him to Ihcw the fame, which, when he
could rwt do, though otten terrified with the Torture, he
gav. him Kef|))te, i^romifing to favc hii life, if he wotild
produce the Letter. Then was Capuin Te:i(rfen brought
ti) the Rxa/iiination, and rtirwevi what others iud confcir-
fd of him ; he deeply pronUed hib Innocrncy. i^amud
Cel'on was brou^^ht to confrunt him, who being told, that
unlrf* he wcHilil iww make gixjd hLs fotmcr Conteflwn
aj;ainll Captain 'Imverfcn, he llioulj ^) to the Torture,
coldly rcalHrmrd the ianit, aiuJ lb was fcnt away. They
alii brought HiUiiim Gr-ggi inA JuIh Fjidt to jurtify their
former ConfefTions to his I "ace. Captain Trwrfjui feri-
ouny thargnl, that a* tluy would anfwer it at the dreatlful
Day of Judgment, they fliould fjxak nothing but the
Truth : Both of them nllantly fell down upon their Knees
before hirn, prayini^ him, for Goil's Sake, to forgive
them ; and faying further openly, before them all, that
whatfoever they had fnrirtrly tonfrflid, 'vas moll falfe,
ard Tpxiken only to avoid Torment. With that tl>e Tifcal
and the reft ordercii thtm again to the Torture, wliich
thiy would not endure, but iJun affirmed their former
tonfifTions to \x true. When Cctj'cn, who had aaufcd
the Caj)tain before, was required to fet his Hand to his
Confcltion ; he afkcd the Fikal u|X)n whofe Head he
thought the Sin would he, whether upon hi«, who was con-
lUained to confcl's what was tall'e, cr u|)on the Con-
flrainer ?

The Fiftil, aftera little I'aufc u)X)n tins Qu-Hion, went
in to tht (iovernor, then in anwthci Ru^m , hut anon, re-
turning, faid he nnill fuHail)c it, whii.h he did, yet withal
TT.idc this I'rotrrtation ; Well, cjuwth he, you make me
to accufe mylclf atKi othcr«, of that which is as falfc as God
IS true ; for G<xl is my NS'uncb, I am as innocent as the
Child new ixirn. Thus have they examined all that be-
long to the Englijh Compny ii; the fevetal Factories of
the ir.and of .Imhtyna. I t/tu.iiy the Twrntyfirrt they ex-
amined Jchn':retl<<ral, Fai'tor ai Camht U, ii the Ifland of
SfrdH. He ronlclTetl he W4» at .Imbo^na u|K)n Nnv-
}'(jr'.'I)a}, but (or the Confultation whrrrof lie was de-
mands!, he laid he knew of no other but touching cer-
tain Cloth of the ti>g';Jh Company that lay in the lacto-
ries rotting and worm-eaten, which thry ailvilri,! tog'.ther
how to j.-ut off to the bcft Avail oi rheit Ftr, ioyen.. I he
Cjovcrnor faid, he ()ucftjoned l.iin not ahiut Cloth, but of
Trriibn, whcreil, when lu had protcfte.i his Innocence,
he WJ.5 for that 1 imc difmiil'ed , but the nrxt Day he was
toit (or again, and C'a|>iain hxfrfcH brovight to confront
and accufe him, having Iv lore (onfeircd (omcwiut againll
him , but Mr. -Touafen fjx.ke th.le Wonis only, () Mr.
ll'iitfrd, Mr. If'tiberd, (j)cak ihc Truth, and nothing but
the Truth, a'. (i<xl fliall put it in ynur Heart •, lb Captain
T'c'xff/oii v.as |Hit out av^ai.'i, aiul Mr H'eilrrri lirought to
the Torture of Water, with great Threats, if Water
wfxild not make luin confcfs, I'ire (lioiild. He prayed
them to tell him what he fhouIJ fty, or to w^tr down
what tliey would, he would (ul)l'itil< it. Tl«^ laui, he
nredc-il no Tutor, they would nuke !,!!n lunfels Inniltlt ,
' ut when ihev lad lio.lUd him up Iwu levnaJ Tiiii^-, and

law he knew not what to £»y i then thev read him other
Mens Conlellioiis, and afktd him (nun P. int to Point k
they had done othcri, and Ik (till aniwercd, /><»,' to

Next was called in John Pnotl, H'ttbeul'i Amftant at
CdmbtUo V but he proving that he was not at ylmhojna fince
Ncv(h..tr, Iftve now, when he was brought thither Pri-
(bncr. and being (^vken for by one Jebn Joe}, who had
long been well acquainted with him, was difmiJTed without
Torture. Then was fbtimn Ladbretk, Servant to IV<.
tbtrd and Ptwht at Camieilt, at the Time of the pre'
tended Confultation, and icrving in fuch Quality, as that
he was never acquainted with any of the Ix-tter» from the
Agent of Jmbajna, he wan cafily and quickly difmi(rcd.
Kpbraim Ramfty was alfo examined upon the whole Con-
fpiracy, and particularly qudlioncd concerning Captain
H'tldin, tJic Engltjk Ageni in Bauda -, but denying all,
and proving that he was not at Amkgyna at New-vtars-tide
being alio fpoken for by John Jooft, was dilinifled, after he
had hanged in the Rack a (pod while, with irons about
his I^egs, and the Cloth about bis Mouth. Laflly, John
SadJfr, Servant to WiUiam Griggi at Larua, was examin-
ed, and being found to have been abfent from Ambmna at
Ncw-ycars-tidc, when ^rifgj ami others were there, was
difmilTed.

Thus have we all their Ex-^minations, Torturts, and
Confenions, beinc the Work o( eight l>ays, from the 1 5th
to the a <d of h'tlruarj^ after which was two Days rcrpited
before the Sentence. 'Jcbn Pavttl being himfclf acquitted
as aforcfaid, went to the Prifon to vifit /i/>» Fardc^ one of
thefc that hati accuied Captain Tevtrfon ; to him Fardo
religioufly proteftetl his Innocency, but eftiecially his Sor-
row for acculing Mailer lower/am \ for, faid he, the Fear
of LVath doth nothing diiimy me i for God, i rrull,iwill
be merciful to my .Soul, according to the Innocence of my
Caufe. The only Matter that troubles me is, that through
Fear of Torment I have accufcd that honefl and ^ly
Man Captain Taxerpn^ whom, i think in my Coniiiencc,
was fo upright towards all Men, that he haibrHirrd nnill-wiil
to any Man \ much Ids wt^uld attempt any fuch Riifinels xi
he IS accufcd of. He farther (aid, he would belorc his
i)eath retrive the S.wrament, in ArJcnnwIeilgment, that hi*
haii accufed Caprain Tn/trfen falfely and wrongdJIy, only
through Fear of Torment.

Oil the :;^th, O.S. all the Prifoner^, as well the F.rg'.;l!}
as till Partugutzt and Jafentft, were brought into tiic great
Hall of the C'aftle, and there were lolcmnly condemr.eJ,
except Jebn PeutJ, Lfhraim Ram/ty, Jihn Sadler, and
ThtHUi LjiSnok, formerly acquitted as aforcfaid i Captain
TcTKitrfoti, liuring all hi» impntunment, iuving been kej t
from ilie reft, (o thu none could come to fixak with iiini,
writ much in his Chamber i but all was lupprelbJ, lave
< nly a Bili of iJebt, which one '^Ibcmaj JabHjlin, a free
Burgher, got o( him, by lavour of his Kee|>en, for an
Acknowledgment, that the Eitglijb Company owed lum u
certain Sum of Money. In the F.nd o( this Bill he writ
thcle Words Firmtd by ibt Form of mt Gabriel lowcrlon,
new appetnttd i» dit, gutUUji nf any ibtng ibai am bej-jjiiy
laid tt my Cbargt. Cod fcfgtvt lb(m ikeir Gutlt, and rt-
teivt me to Irn Mercy. Amen. This Bill being brought
to }^\.H'ilden, the Engii/b Agent at Bands, he |)aid the
Money, and received m the Acknowlaigment. It'iliiam
dnggi, who liad L^lbrc acnifcd Captain lovierfon, wiit the
l.illowing Words in his 'Table Book: " Wc whole Names
" are here fj)ccilied, Jobit Henmtnt, Men hant of I^bo, //'//•
" /;j«iCr;j{j{j, Merchant ol LarUa, .//v/ /'nVr.Chirurp.foii
*' of j1mb:i)Hii, RoCifTt lircun, l'ayk>r, which iIij here lie IVi-
" lonerMii the Ship /s«//«'<'iW,lxin;!;ainirehcnded for Lon-
" fpiracy, for Mowing up the Caftle of .tmbaynti, v.e tx-ing
" judf^rj to Death ih.>s hhh of Mar.i, Aunt 1622, which
" wc, ihr.njgh Torment, were conllraincd to Ijieak that
" wIikIi we (icver meant, nor once imagined, the which
" Wc take U|H)n our Deatlis anil .Salvation. They toitureil
" us with that . xtream Torment of lire and \Nattr, thai
" Mrlli and H/ikmI could not cmiure ; and this we take
" iijicjn c;ur DratiiS, that they have put iii to Dcith guilt-
" It Is of our Afctilaiioii ; .So thertfoie th.it we ilclire th.it
" they that (luil uivJerMaiui this, ili,it our I\mployers may
" uiutcrflAiul tilde Wiuiij^s, and tli.it vourlclvts would
1 » hav,

p' 4

'•' ' "J"
tt > 'i -
iM > HI ji

; .

Book I.

then they read him other
'""''"'•>,'"' to Point, „'
"'II aiilwcrcd, Tta, ,o

«/, «'<'/i^rr/'s Afliftant at

'•w«notat^»V-«fmce
was brought thither Pri.
one 7<,*, y^;^, ^h^j lyj

•imwasdilmiflid without
iMitrMk^ Sirvant to W'*.

« the Time oJ the pre-

gmfuch Quality, as {hat
?>' '^' 'he U-tteri from the
niy and quickly difmilTcd.
incd upon the whole Con.
loncd conrcming Captain
Uauda ; but denying all,
f«*9*i«New.yun.tide.
;5|».WMdirmiffed, after he
>d whde, with lron» about
us Mouth. Lartlv, -John
tiuLarita, wai ^min-
rn abfent from Amhvina at
ui others were there, wa^

iiiinations Tortutts, and
right Days from the 1 5th
nth wastwolhwrerintrd
W beinp himfelf acxjuitted
10 vifii /i^, fardo^ o^ ^

teu'trfon ; to him FarJ.t>
cy, but cf^x^ially his Sor.
■ I for, faid he, the fear
nc i for God, I truft^ wiil
ng to the Innocence ^ my
•oiibles me is, that through
L\l that honcrt and godly
I think in my Confiicncr,
tvu Ir- ha»broi(Til no ii!-wii|
Tcrnpt any fiirh Biifineis a
laid, lir would before \m
Arknnwlciigmrnt, th« hv
fcly and wrongtdly, only

ifonen, as well the Er-ilu'j
•ere brought into the grrjt
n-re lolemnly condemned ,
tamfty, Jebn Sodltr, and
ittcil as aforelaid ; Captajii
nment, baviiig been kcjt

come to fjjeak with lum.
It all was (upurelfcd, lave
: Thomas JobHftn, a tree
ar of his Kcepcn, for an
»j^ Company oweil hmi a

End ot this Bill he writ
I of me Gabriel rowerlon,
iKy ibiag that can hejufiiy

thfm Ihtir Gutlt, and re-
This Kill lieing brought
nt at Bimdt, he paid tht
knowlciigmenr. II lUmm
"aptain Icjetrfon, wnt th<-
ok : " We wholi- Nanic;
f, Mer( ham of Uto, Ihl-
a, .Ihl /'nVr.Chitiirr.fon
ybr, which ii<Wn- re lie Hri-
•ins; a])j)rchended lor Con-
lUc ot .Imboynn, we Ix-inR
tanb, Aimt iO!2, whiili
tonllrainrd t'.i Ijvak thar
nee imagined, the whala
Salvation. They ti'itund

of 1-irc and VN'ater, that
ndure ; and this we take
IT |)U( II'. to Death tViili
rtfoic tliat we iltlirc thai

that our I'.mpioyrri may

d that yinirlcivfi would

" hav.

Chap. II. betweoi the Inhabitant of Great-Britain, ^c.

881

«• have a Care to look to yourfelvcs, for their Intent was
»« to have brought you in ajijj they alked contcrninn
" you, wluch, if they had tortured us, we muft liavc dm-
•' fcffcd you alfo, and fo tarcwel \ written in the ilark."

This Table-Book was afcerwards delivered to M, // V/Je»
beforeincntioned, by one that ferved the Dutch, Samutl
Colfon alfo, another that accufed Captain Ttw<rJon, writ
as foUoweth iti the waltc Leaves of a Book, wherein were
bound togtrthcr the Common- Prayers, tiie Piiilms, and the
Catecliilm. In one Pagp thus : " Afariii the fifth, N,S.
»' being Sunday, on Board the RcttirJam, lying in Irons,
" undcrlland, that I S^inutt Colf»n, late Faftor of ///wo,
•' was apprehended tor Sulpicion of Conlpiracy, and for
»' any thing 1 know mult die fur it \ wherclorc, having no
" better means to make my Innoccncy known, have writ
" this in this Book, hoping fomc good Knglijbmen will
" fee it. 1 do heie upon my Salvation, as 1 hope by \m
" Death and I'aflion to havi; Redemption for my .Sins, that
" I am cLar of all fuch Confpiracy, neither do I know any
•' Efislijhman guilty thereof, nor other Creature \\\ the
•' World. As this is true, God blels me, Samutl Colfon'*

On the other Side, upon the firll Page of thcCatecliifin,
is thus written \ In another Leaf ycu fiail undtr/iand mtir,
which I have written in this Book. Samuel Colfon, lit
the Beginning of tlie Pfalms, and in the Leaf fo referred
unto, is thus written, viz. " The Japontfe were taken with
" Ibme Villany, and brought to Examination •, bein^ mull
" tyranoully tortured, were alked, if the Englijh had .^ly
•' hand in ili< i'lot, which Torture made tlicm fay yt a
•• Then was Malkr Tbcmfon, and Mr. Johnfon, Mr, Co/-
" /;w, Jehu Clark, brought to Executiop, and were buniiil
" under tlic Arm-pits, the Hands and Soals of the I'ect,
" with another molt miferabl'^ Torment, to drink Water \
" fome of them almoll tortured to Death, and were lomal
•' to confefs that which they never knew, by realon of the
" Torment which Flelh and Blood is nut able to ciidu'i ,
" Then were the rcll of the Englifhrntn call-rd one by one,
" amongft which I was one, being wiflied to conlels or
♦' cll'e 1 mull go to Torment , withal, caufcd M. 'Jebnfen,
*' who was before tormented, to witnefs againll mc, or
" elic he (hould be lornttntcd again ; which, rather than
" he would endure, hi; laid what they would have him
»' fpeak. Then mull I confefs that I never knew, or
" clfe go to Torment, which, rather than I woulil IvillVr,
" 1 ilid confefs tliat which, as I (hall be faved hetme litnl
•' Almighty, is not true, being forceil, for li .ir of Tor

lion, t^'ixct S\x\v^r, JohnPowek-^Epbraim R(imfey, Tha-
MtW Liidhretk, and "John Sadler, v/hoy/ere found not guilty;
«■* afurcfaid, were taken from the reft, and put into another
Koom \ by and by alfo were Samuel Colfon ^d Edward
Cillitis brought from the reft, into the Rooin where Eina-
HH(t 'I'bomfoH lay : The Fifcal told them, it was the Gover-
nor'n Mercy to fave one of thofe three •, and it being indif-
tyrcnt to him which of them were the Man, it was his Plea-
lure thty (liould draw L,ot5 for it, which they diil, and tlin
tree I m fell to Edward Collins, who then was carried away
to the Chamber, where John Powel, and the reft that were
quit, lodged \ and Samuel Colfon back into the Hall. Anon
alio John BeaumoHl was brought out of the Hall into the
CImmlicr, where John Powel, and the reft of the acquitred
PcrfoHH were, and was told, that he was beholden to
PtUr JohiifoH, the Dutch Merchant of Leho, and to the
Scetrtary, for they two had begged his Life. So then
there rrnuiined in the Hall ten ofthe Englifb ; for Captain
'I'iWtrfoH and Emanuel Thomfon were kept in feveral Rooms
apart froni the reft. To thefe that remained in the Hall
»amc the Dutch Miniltcrs, who telling them how fliort a
time llity had to live, admonifhed and exhorted them to
iimkc their true Confedions ; fur it was a dangerous and
dcfiieratc thinu; to diftemble at fuch a Time.

The EHgliJhIWW profelTcd their Innocency, and prayed
the Miniftcrs that they might all receive the Sacrament,
«s It Seal of the Forgivenefs of their Sins ; and withal,
tlirrcby to conlirm their laft ProfelTion of their Innocence ;
but this would by no means be granted : Whereupon
K^,tmucl CclfoH faid thus unto the Minifters, You manifeft
unto us the Danger of DifTimuIation in this Cafe •, but tell
us if we furt'cr guiltlefs, being otherwife alfo true Believers
u\ yifus Chrijl, what lliall be our Reward. The Preacher
aiihvercd, by how much the clearer you are, fo much the
mure glorious (hall be your Refurreftion. With that Word
Cul/oH darted up, embraced the Preacher, and gave him
his I* rlc, with fuch Money as he had in it, faying, Domine,
Uoil blelii you : Tell the Governor I freely forgive him»
and 1 intreat you, to exhort him to repent him of his bloody
Tragedy wrought upon us poor innocent Souls. Here all
the icll of the Engliflj figniiied their Confent to this Speech.
Then ("pake Jchn Fardo to the reft, in the Prefence ofthe
Minillri!., as followeth: My Countrymen and Brethren,
that are here witli me, condemned to die, I charge you all,
ui you will anfwcr it at God's Judgment Seat, if any of
you be I'.uilty of this Matter, whereof we are condemned,
mcnt. Ihcii I'.id tiny make us wiincis agaiiift Ca[itain dikliarge your Lonfcicnccs, and confefs the Truth, for Sa-
Towerfon 1 and at laft made Captain lowerfou conlels all, li-.lai.Hiun of the World. Hereupon Samuel Colfon fpake
being for kar of moft cruel Torment, for wlmh we with ii loud Voice, faying, according to^my Innocence m

mult ail die. As I mean and hope to h.ive pardon liM'
•» my Sins, 1 know no more than thi- ChiM uiiUiiit ol
" this Buline^i written with iny own Hand- tin full of
" March, N.S. Sam. Colfon."

Yet in anotlur Page were thefe Words i / was /'v.' » "•
Ncw-Caltle uiion I'yne, utire I defiri tin Ituok m,i\ mme,
that my Friends may know of my JniiOiOue. .Saitui; I C oll.iit,
'I'his Book he delivered to one that lirved ilu Ihiith, who
fewcd it up ill his Bed, and altcrwards, at his Uppiiriuiui)',
dcliveicd it to Mr. H-'eldon bcloreniciuumcd. v\ll lliile laid
Writings are yet extant, under the Hands ot ilie f.veral
Parties well known to thtir I'liinds here' in EngUnd.

The twenty-lixth Day oi Fei^ruary, O. S. the I'tifuiKH
were a!! brought into the great Hall dI tin: C.illli-, iKupt
Uiouin Tcwer/oti, and Emanuel -I Lmfon, to be pirpaird
for Ueath by the- Miiufttrs. 'i'he Japoiiffe now all in ^c
ncral, as fome of them had done k-ture ;ii particular, innl
our unto the Englijh, laying, IJh ! you Fnglijhm.H, wlitiv
did we ever 111 our Lives eat with you, talk ^siili yuu, or

i The Fii^liji.' aiilNveied,
,i, ufed us ? I'he puii Mat pi in IV
inj^ thty Wire- nia^ie l.; lu've each had auulci ollins, biluu:
they had lo doiu, in.l.cd, (hcwid then iliur toituivd Ho
diis, and laid, it a S:.)ne were thus buriii, would it luit
fhaiif^e Its .N'aiurr ' I low much mure then wr that aie
Fl.'fti and Hloud ? Wii;lil they were all in the Hall. ( ap-
f.iiii ■ro%^;>jun was lmu;'.,ht up r to the Place ol Lxaiiiiiia-
I, on, mA two gnat Jai-. of Wata carried altcf him \ wlut
hftiuK di.l, 111 l.ili'md, I'iiii.known totitr /i;»K/'/!n I'Ht
it l>-cm.'tli. iluy 1:1 '-it !.■" 'i"-'» '" undct write lim t-utibl
N I' .M 11. 1 \

to our Rrmcnibrance, (te you
why then h.ive you

tills I'reafon, fo, Lord, pardon all the reft of my Sin.s and
it I l>e guilty thereof, more or kfs, let me never be Par-
lakir ill iliy h-.ivenly Joys ; at which Word.s every one of
tlie rell cried out. Amen ; for me. Amen v for me, good
Lord. This done, each of them knowing whom ii' had
,ucuf d, went one to another, begging Forgiventls for
then falle Actiiration, being wrung from them by the
Pains or !•> ir of I'orture •, and they all freely forgave one
another \ lor iiono had been fo falfely accufed, but he hini-
lelf had aeiufed another as falfely ; in particular, Gtorge
Shanock, who furvived to relate this Night's Pailiige,
kneelol down to John Clark, whom he had accufed ol ths
Talc at llillo aboveiiK'iitioned, and craved Forgivenefs at
Ins 1 lands : dark freely forgave him, faying, how lliail
I look to he fori'ivcn of (iod, if I ftiouid not forgive you,
having mvlell fo falfely accufed Captain 'foaw/dw and otiieis.
Alter tins tlicy fpciit the relt of the dokful Night in Prayer,
linging ot Pfalms, and comfor;-'ig one another, though
the Dutch th.it guarded them o,.efed them Wine, bidding
them drink lulUly, and lirive away the Sorrow, according
to the Cullim of their own Country in the like Cafes, but
contiaiy to the N.Uure ol the tiiglifls.

I 'poll the Morrow Morning, being the Execution Day,
I he ;7th of Fm-.uiry, O. ^.~ John Powel hc^mg freed, .is
iH'lore recited, came'into the Room where the condemned
Petlons were, and found them at Pr.iyi;r';. They all re-
quellcvl him to relate unto their Friends in England tli •
IniuKency ot their Ciiul'e, takie.g it upon their Deaths
that wlnt they liul ,-.)nfen'cd againft thcmlelves and other,
tou^in^ th;* Ciiine, was all falfe, and forced by_tear ol

10 P

T'jrturo

' i 11

1!.

"i ,

^f I

■:'('

■ rP

882

An hiflorical Account of tht Inter conrfe

Book I.

I-

Torwro. The fame Morning KniUam Wthhtr was calW fulration of the mhrr Japontft to thin Purpofe j butn f,

agim into the Filcal's Room, .ind there rrrlTcd to produce of them was rxecutwl, or fo much as condemned'" i

the Lcuor which he haJ lieforc confcfleil to have rrccivfd Rcalbn wtierrot w.n not known to the RniUOa that'

fiotn 'Jcbn CWk, in the I'oftfrript whcrmt foinc grmt faveil. They hud preparetl a Cloth of black V<|»et*('

Biifinils was jntimateil : They promifcd him his Life, if hr Captain TVtrrr/in's Bo<1y to fall uiwi, which beinct) "'i

wouk) liclivcr, or proilucc to them that letter, which, tho' am) ik«f"ac«1 wtth his Blood, they afterwanls put to Ac?'""

he did not, nor iiidenl could, yet at laft they pardoned of the Eiigfi/b Company. At the Inilance of the Ej™'"'

f ion there arofe a great Oarknefs, with a luddeti and vilni
(iult of Wind and Teinpfft, whereby two of the /j«/j

him, aril fcnt him to the reft that were faved, and Sber- ^ ■■"«»,..,„,„

rd.i with him. Thar Morning Emitnud Tbomlon under- (iult of Wind and Tempeft, whereby two of the /Jk'/'a

rtan.img that Jdn B<:»bchi was pardoned, made Means to Ships riding in the Harlxjur, were driven (rom their a'

have him come and fpeak with him, which with mvi. h ado chjrs, and with great Labour and DifSiuIiy (ivnl tr "

he obtained, ^<-<j«f';/ found him fitting in a Chamber ail the Rocks. Withm a few Dayn after one «■///«»« /j^,/,l'"

alone, in a moll miferable Falhion, the Wounds of his
Torture bound up, but the Matter and gore BKkvI iflTuing
ihrougli the RoUcrs ; he took M. Bcameni by the 1 land,
and prayed him, when he came into EnvlnnJ, to do his
Duty to the honour.ible Company his M.iltirs, to M. ^e-
binfcnt and to his Brother HiHnigJityy and to certify them
of hi"; Innoccncv, which, faid he, you yourfdf know well
enough.

All things l>eing prcp.trcd for the lixecution, the con-
demned were brought forth of the I l.il! along by the C ham-
fx r, where the quit and -urdonev! were, who (loot! in the
rXx)r to give ,ind t.ikc the Farc.vcl of their Countrymen
r.ow going to I'jctcuticn ; fUyiiij .i little for rhi< l'iiri>rl'r,

who had toW the Ctovernor, that R«b(ri Hrown the k^'ilj
Taylor, had a few Months f)efore tok! him, he hoiKO tlir
within lix Months the Efif^tifi) Ihould have as much fo ,|
in the Caftic of /Imhoyna t» the Duub. ri,is |.,i|,\"
coming up<in an F.vening to the Grave, wlwre the ti>li-lh
were buried, l)eing ali, except Captain Ttwtrjln, in mfi'\:
fell down ujxjn the (iravc, and having lain there awlnl, '
role up agirin (lark m.»d, and fo continued two or thrc-
Days togtther. and then died. Forthwuli al|„ fr|| ^ ,,^^.
Sickncfs at /tmlmm, which fwept aw.iy al)ove one tlxjiilj; 1
iVopIr, pulfb ami /.Kh^nefty in the .Spir wherein thfc
ufujily died not rhitty .it other Scafuns. Ihtlf .Sitrns were
l>y the lurviving I-.n^lifty referretl to the conlident Frcnic'

thry pr.iyer", .tnd rharg' d thofc that were lavrd, to Ix-ar tion of Eniinntt Tkio'vH aboVf-named, and were (w the

witr.elv til their Frn-iu'% in En^lafd of their Inncxen. e, and
that tli<y died not Traitor*, hut f) many Innocents mrrriy
murdered by t!u Pulib, \slu>m they puyci Ood to forjjive
ihcir BJo:>d-thirftir.irs, and to hav.. Merry upon their own
Souls. Bcir.^ brought into the Yard, tSeir .Sentence was
rcaii unto ilicm fro.n a Gallery, and then they were thincc
can led unto the Flare of Fjtccution, f^githcr with nip'-
jfajoitf'e and a Pcnui^urzty not the ordinary and fliort
NVay, hut round abt»ut, \n a long I'roccfTii >n through the
Town, the ^^'ay guardeil by five C jmpaiies of Soldrr^,

.'fmh';<neff intrrprrtwl as a Token of the Wrath of Uxt
this barliaroas Tvr.rtny of the Ditlib.

The next l^ay attor the Fxeeutiwi, l>einf^ die iXtIt of
FihDi7ri, (). S. was ii-rnt in Triumph for the iiewG'.
ner.ll ot the Dutch flieii proclaiiilfil, and m pubhck k.'-
i»>ici,"g ("r the r>,hver.in(e from this jircten^lcd itraior.
On the irt of Mi»(l\ John Bt^noMt, Ciffgt Sbarrafb tJ-
ward 0>'.!ini, and H^'i.i.iim li^tth.t, were brtni'^fit to ||.«
(Governor, wm> (old Bufmnl and :>b.)rrt.by that they wtrc'
panioned in Hv^n.ur of the new IJcncr.il, .ind G;.V;»;,

Vutib and ,Mtrin.'f(, and throngcv! with th- Nativc-s of that he was to go to 'Juumrj, the rs to Hand ro the la-

vnur ot the Govcnu-r -, ib tlio (itiverr.or made tlicni dnnk
Wine with him, a:H! courteirtilly dirmifled them, wiliini'
them to go and conlult with the rrt\ that were litvcJ, who
were ht to he placed in the fcvcral Fat'tories j wliich done,
and their Opinions rqxjitcd to the Ciovernor, he aicorJ-
ingly lommandevl (ae h to his Flace, add.i,)!», th.u he wwiU
thencrtorth take upon him the i'atronage and (iovcriiinent

the Illar-.d 1 that upon the .Summons given the Day before
by the Si.n;nd of the Driin), flocked togethrr tol)ehoid this
Tiiun)ph of the DiUih over the Englifb. Samuil Cxlfiti
ha^i c-^nilivcd a Piaycr in Writi'g, in the Fjid whereof he
rrv^ttftcd his Inin>t:ence, which Frayer he read to his Fel-
lows the Nii;!i'. Irlore •, an.i now ailb at the Place of F.xc-
cution, devoutly ptoiioiinret! the fame ; then threw away

the FajKr, whah th'* Governor caufed to be brough; to of the A>»jf///i!i Conv'.uiy's Uulinel's, to w.'iich f\ir()oli.- he
him, and kept it. Emaniui Thsmfon told the rert, he di.f h.sd witiim a fe.v Days pll o|)ened a Ixttir that came
rot doubt but Gf>d would (hew a Sign of their Innocence ; from the Enghjh Frrfiwrnt at j^Kc<ilra, direclai to Cap-
and evtry on; if tht rc(\ to<;k .; iVvirtly ujioii their IX-ath, tain fiKver/en, lieirg the firft En^'ijb Letter he ever ii trr-
ihat they were utterly guiltlefs ; and fo one by one, with ceptrd ; further fayirg, that he was glad tiiat he found by
great Chcarfulncfs I'uf^tred the ;'at.il Stnjke. I he P'.tiu- the l.ett<rthat the Eniljb^ijatcalra were inriorent touih-
^-t.-Z!- j.r.iyed ov^r his Beads vrty devoutly, and e.ten killed ing this Bi.rinel's. 1 he (jovcrniir and I-ilia! fiaving lull
liie O.fs, fwearinj^tbeieupjon, that he was utterly inniKcnt made an Fnd at JmhTfna, tlifpatrheil themfclvc^ tor Hait-
cf this Treafor, yet I onfelTed. that Gik! ha;! juftly brought "J, vsiiere they male very diligent Fnqiiiry a^.;ainU Cap-
this Funifhineiit u|>< n him ; dr th.»t having a Wife in his tain H'f.'Jcn, the Erfffjh Agent there, yet found no Co-
ovr, Cou-.try, he h.id, by the I'-Tfiafion of the Dutch Go- l<iur or Shadow of ( tmlt to lay hold or,, but ar laft rnter-
v.-mcr, taken anotirtr in that Ci.untry, his fiiil bei.' ■ 'et tamed fuin with iourt;ous Specthcs, pn)ft(ring to be vtry

•g-

The Jif^nr/f, likewife, arrordir.g to thrir Rcl i;ioii,
rtii.'t up their lart A*.", with i)ie lik- I'rotclTion of their In-
nocentci fo there fufurcd ten En»tiflymfn, vi/. Captain
Cai>ri(l Trxerpn, the Agent for the Enx^ft.^ at .Imhnn.t ;
Samuel CXiti, licluT u Hiite ; Emjuuel 'J bcjufon, AfTill-
ant at .fir.htrr.a , r^mtthy Jtbnicn, AlHlbnt there alio ;
Jai Jfchrtl, Afri^a'it at Cait.l-'.ta ; 'J<,i% CJ.-rk, Arillt-
a.-t, M Utti» , U'iil:.jm (iri^i, laifor at Imna ; Jcbn
J^rl:, Steward if the Houtr ; /ttd Pruf, Chirui;^eon,
and fUttrl BroKLn, Taylor. 1 l:e Pcrluguexe aifo fullered
»i-h them, his Nan.c was /ln^kfim Pmz, he was fxjrn at
/jit:>-.'. The Namis of the J.ijtntfc that luffered were as
followcih -. Jhliifo, Tficfa, S.'>r/j, all tx,m at b-.rando ;
Sidnn M.^ial, Pedro Ctnfif, fi.mas Corca, U)r\\ at Na-
g^nf^iui ; i^^-andayCy Native of Coraf!; -, Tj.ibtnJa, <>i
'Ijcniif.'gc 1 '/.an(hot, of Pi/itn. IJefidrj thele there were
two othi r yafciiffe, the one lamtd So\/im'>, Iwn at /■V-
rj»i>, and the other SaaiU'O, fjl the fame Flaie ■, th'- for-
mer of whirh l)ci-<.; t .'turtj, confefT, d l»th t > h.ivr Uen
ptivy to this pt vjtr Ireafon, a:id to tuvc- o'ferrd fiis Ser-
vice to th'- E'j^lifh ri, i.d them !M tak.fgof tluCdtlei
a«Kl the latter coidcflcd tu iiavt h.aj Knowledge of the Qon-

glad that tiicy Tiumi hirn a> well as tiie Inp-f} M Jaaa-
ird to Ixr wiihout S.itj inon of this Irealon.

Captain lyddan [v-n riving the li)ifor.ler and Coiifufion
of the Eti^l fl) Company's Affairs at Amli\ra, by Means of
thii l>ealing of the D'<l,h, fir tiiwith hired a Dutib Firmatc
at Bandii, and pafT-d to tlmhytiii, wfiere intlajitly upon
Ins Arrive, he retailed the ComjHiny's Servants, svfiich
svrr; Icr.t by ih> Dut.b Governor to tlie iippr l-artories.
Having inijiiireti ot tlirin, and the rrll that were left at
Amhvna, of the wiiole Frocrec'ings lately palled, he toimd
by the lonftant and agreeing Kelaium o! them all, ihit
there was no lurh IVralon ot the EnviiA as was pn trnd-
ed, as alio underllandiig svti.it tliict t. ommand tiic (it>-
verior had gi\ :n to the lurvivmg Englnh not once to talk,
or Confer with thelViuntry People ujncrrning this bli)i)dy
Burmrfs, althruigli the faid CiAiiuiy i'eople tvr)' Day
r'-proachcd tiiem w;(h T eafon, and a bl<jo<ly Intention
to have mafTarred the N.r vr>, and to fiavi- np.jvd up the
Bellies ot Wom'-n with Cf:ik!, and fmh 'ik- llutf, where-
with th~ Dutch hive p.)(Teired the [xior V'u'gai, to make
fhf E»x!'Jh odious «'U i iheni. 1 h lini M lyfUmuoe-
i.irc tin ling it tri f.ii; nrither wrii t:i'- 1 1 <iMur nur Prutit
of the tui^'ijb Com, ay his Maii.rs, to l.'jid any lorj^er

KclideiKC

RiufidcBcc in Amboy
Enilijfj ^l<>ng With
(ittra, whither the
Edward Collins bcU
Mcrty of the Cio\ c
boyna tair^ to 'Jacc
dent iJnt tottliwu
know by what Au
thus proceeded ai^.
rdlut the D«/<'''i'
cccdings. 'l"hc Gi
Governor of /o'-bi
Lords States-Gene
whom he b.»d lawb
Caufes, within the
Proceeding was ne
^lijb exeeuted at
own ConieflV>ns, .
Euf^ltjh Frclisknt,
ccrlificd, but recti
recited the bate an
i'alTage ot tins Av
011$ .f Ux levera
condemned, and t
of /Ivtheynii- A!.
mined Ml^a then
!'artitu!.irsot'Cai
>»S Exanlinaiio:
'Light, by realon
the ri-'ll, and eat;
ii«?/i/ii lulVeieit tt
Fiitewcl wliich y»
btloie the Excel It
rity IS yt tuuchii
veili- «t' the ri.-l|
Impiilonintni, 1^
Duiib, that tlity
rt:i;ue their Miki
own Froccahnti
cuted, acknowle>
they wete guiliy
It will not f)(
Place, as It wcr^
cumltaiices dilpi
whereby as well
lawlul Froccedir
FirlU therefor
were appi'ehende
before the EHgU.
their Appiehcni
'I'own of Aml'o
this Interim, an
of the ■J^pctifje
Ciovernor to lar
with liim to th
theic pour "Jape
Englijh, d the
whereto alio th
Imall Boats of
in that Numb
Iported themlc
ot the Reach
they fled not,
tfiat they were
as fulpicious ot
In the next
il was tor the
'Ihc Callle ol
tiarnlon ther
many more o
their Care an
ap^H-ar, not i
li^.hlh Jelhnt
above rtxited
happened at
(hot to Ucatl
gi:jhmen, wht
on lueh a St
ot the ']apo"

Bookr.

"^' « condemned . ,1,,

'oth of bUek V</^*^
»-«". which beinRrt:; '

'•-7 two Of the iZ
^ ylrrvcn Iron, th.r An

^frf^^-'-thf^s

;.M have ,,!,,;;,

rave where ,1,^ £, .

i«ving lain there aw|,iv'
c-ominued twoorthr'c'.

■orfhwKhailoWlarMv
w.'vaWeonc-ihoiifj- 1
'.'•^ •'^f'*^^' wh,.re,n th^;
'""V 'htlr ,S,i,„, ,,,^^
t'l'- conlidcnt fre^iic'
jninf. and w,-rc (,v ,h,
f flic VNrath ofUxl t,r

"»". l>ciog :h<- jx,|,r,f

niph for the ix-wf;..

• and If) piibli(k 1^;,
1" ;>retrn,|<rd Irrji,...

. Cftr^f Sharracb, t '

were bmu.'ht to i(".

.;rr*.f, tl.at tfiey wcrii

I'CiH-ral, and a.V;,;
^ to Ha,ul ro the la'
riior inaifc theni dniik

liniflcd thrm, wiHmp

that were laved, whj
agones 1 which done,
tiovernor, he accor.i-
»»*^Ii.'!?, that he -^wJ,!
nag? -ind (iovtrniiunt
tu winch i\i^x>k ho
I « Iciia that lanie
'■<». (iireck-d t') Can-

Letter he ever lit: I-
glad liiat he (ound by

wercinnorentfoiRh-
i<f f'llia] having |,|({

ihcnifcJvctcr A',;;/,
nquiry aj^amll i.u^
. yet found no C-i-
"■. (Hit ar lad rnter-
>ri>ft fTinp to be v< ry
he InjJ-jh .It Jau.1-
ealon.

Tder and Coiifu/ioii
^l-erna, by Means ol
rcvlay)i</(/>I'innau-
here mlUiitly uj.on
'N Scfvants, which
he upper Fartdries.
■rt t/ut were Irh at
lypaflKJ, heloi:nd

(jj them all, that
,ii a« was prt trnd-

cmmind the do-
* not once to talk,
rrning this bloody
IVopIr cvrry Day

bl(j<xiy Intriitioti
avf ri|ijvd up the

'ikf Ihiir, whete-

V'«i'};.i(, ro make

M IffUonUcr.

i 11 ;ur nir Pntit

' l.uld any I'li'^er

Kc(:dake

ChapwJJ. bettiicen the Inhabitants of Great-Britain,

883

Rfifidotx \a, Amboym^ he took the poor Remnant of the
hnglilt) along with hitn in the laid hired Pinnace for 'Jac-
(utrii., whiiher the Cjoscinot had fent John Beamont, and
HdwariiCoiiim bclurc, as Men condemned, and left to the
Merty ot the Cjovunor. When this heavy News vf /im-
boyna cam- to "Jaccairn^ and the Engltfi) .x^v^tn, the Prcfi-
dtut Ijnt tortliwith to the lJcncr4 of the hutch, to
know by what Authority ti^ ^ovcijiior fniAim^ajna had
tlius proceeded aijainll tiie £ngliji), jind how he and the
rtit ut tiK Dulil' there at Jiucatra did appcovethtfe. Pro-
ceedings. The Governor returned tor Anfwer, that the
Governor of AtrboyKu'^ Authority was derived (^om thc;
Uirds States-General ot thC;t/fl«V/ii Neih(r^tft4j, lender
whom he had lawtul Junldidt^ both in ciimiAi^l and. civil
Caufes, within thc Dillrii'bof //w^^ttj J further,, that'fuch
I'rocecding was neccflary againll Traitors, fucli as tlje £«-
)^!ijb executed at /Imbo^n4 migli; appear to be by tlieir
own Conlcflions, a Copy whereof he tJierewith fent to the
Englijb Prelideni, who lint the fame back to be authentickly
ccriiticd, bill received it not a{;ain. Hitherto iiath been
recited tlie Lwre and naked Narration of the Ppgrels and
I'allage ot tl.is Action, as it is taken OMt of thc Dcpofiti-
on$ >i lix leveral En^lijb Fw^tors, whereof lour were
condemned, and the otbcr two acquitted, in this Procels
ol Amhcyna. All lincc their Return into England^ exa-
nimed dUHjn their Oaths ia thc Admiralty-Court. Tlie
I 'articular"; of Capt.iin Tnt-erfon\, as alio ot Emanuel Thorn-
■,i/n'^ hxarilinatiuns and Aiifwers, arc not y r come to
i-iylit, by realon tiut tiiefc two were kept a-part trom all
thc rell, and eac!> aioiu- by bimlelf, oor any other of the
/;«e/'/i UiiVeieii to fpiak with them, except only that Ihort
Viircwcl wiiich "John IWnmont took of Thouipii, tlie Morning
betoic the Execution betore iiKntioned. I'he like Oblcu-
rity IS yet touching the |-.x.iniinatic,ns and AiUwtrs ot di-
viilf «t the rell that .ue executed, being, during tlieir
Iniprifonment, fo lliictly looked to, and watched by the
JJulib, that they might not talk t(jgether, nor mutuaiiy
relate their Milerus -, but becaulc the Duuh defend thur
own Proccaluigs by liie C'onieliions ot tlic Parties exe-
cuted, acknowledi;ing levcrally under their ilands, that
they were guilty ot the j-'rcteniled Crime.

It will not be amifs to recollect and recall unto this
Place, as It were unto one Sum and Total, certain Cir-
cumttauces difpertcd in leveral Parts of this Narration,
whereby as well tht' Innocence ot the I'jigl-Jb, as thc un-
lawtul Proceedini; againlf them may be manitellcd.

I'lrll, theretore, it is to lie rcmcnihicd, that die Japoncji'
were appivhendeii, exanuned and tortured three or lour Days
betore tlic Engiijh were attacked, and the liime as well ot
their Appiehenlion as I'orture was rief and notorious in the
'lown of Amhoyn.i, and the Parts adjoining. Tbcmjbn m
this Interim, and thc very tirll Day of the Examination
of thc Jitpenfjf, went to thc CalUe, to aik Leave ot the
Governor to land lome Rice, and brought back thc News
with him to the EHi;!iJh 1 loufe, of thc cruel handling ot
thete pour Japomfi^ Plus had been Itm cnoug!> to the
Englijh, it they had been guilty, to Ihift for ihcmlelves,
whereto alto they had ready Means by the Curncunics, ot
fmall Boats of the .-Imboyners, which lie along the btrand,
111 that Number wherewith they might cafdy iiave tran-
Iported thcmlclves to Seran, to Bottoun or Mufajjar, out
«)1 thc Reach and Jurildiiition of the Dutch; but in that
they tied not, in this Cale, it is a very Itrong Prelumption,
that they were as littk privy to any PreatoP. ot their own,
as fulpicious of any treacherous Tram laid tor their Bloods.

In thc next I'lace, let it be conlidered, how impoHible
It was tor the Eii^ltjh to atchicve this pretcnU;d Liucrprite.
IhcCatUe u\ Amboyna is of a very great Strength, the
viarrilon therein two or three hundreil Men, betides as
many more ol their free liurghers in the 1 own. W hat
their Care and Circumli)eaioii in all their I'orts is, may
appear, not only from the quick Alarm they took at the
loohlh Jelling i.t the jxxjr Japonejc, made to the Ceiitinel
above recitcel, but alio by that which a little betore had

ot the J apo»ff(y ihcy were but ten neither, and all unarm

ed, as well as the Englijh : For, as at the Seizure at the En-
glijh Houfc, all thc Provifion there found, was but three
Swords, two Mufkets, and half a Pound of Powder ; fo
the Japonefe, except when they are in Service of thc Caf-
tle, and there armed by thc Butch, are allowed to have
no Arms, but only a Catan, a kind of (hort Sword ; and
it is forbidden to all the Dutch, upon great Penalty, to fell
any Hand-gun, Powder or BuUets to the Japoncfe or Ambcy-
ners.

But let it be imagined thefe twenty Perfons, £/;j///& and
JapOHefe, were fo dcfpcrate as to adventure thc ""Exploit,
hovy fliould they be able to matter thc Dutch in thc Caftle,
or to keep PoirelTion when they had gotten its' What Se-
cond had they ? There was neither Ship lior Pinnace of
the Englijh in Harbour. All tlie reft of the Japoneje in
thc Illand were not twenty Perfons, and not one EngliJJ}
more. The ncareft of thc reft of the Englijh were at
Banda, forty Leagues from Amboyna, and thole but nine
Perfons, all afterwirds cleared by the Governor and Fif-
cal thcmfelves, from all Sufpicion of this pretended Crime,
as were alfo the reft of the Englijh at Jaccatrn.

On the other Side, befides the Strength of thc Caftic,
and Town of Amboyna, the Dutch have three other ftrong
Caftles, well furnilhed with Soldiers, in the fame Ifland,
and at Cambelio, near adjoining. They had then alfo in
the Ro.id of Amboyna eight Ships and Vcfllls, namely,
the Rotterdam of 1200 Tuns, the Unicorn of 300 Tuns,
the Frecm^m Velfel of 100 Tuns, the dilk of 60 Tuns,
Captain GumaPs Jimck, of 40 Tuns, the llute of 300
Tuns, the ^'/w^tTudH; of i.^ooTuns, and a fmall Pinnace
of about bo Tuns, and all thefe well furnilhed with Men
and Ammunition. It is true, that the Stories do record
fuiidry vali.int and hardy Entcrprifes of tiie EngUP) Nad-
on, and tlie Duub are Witntflcsof fome of them ; yea,
have reaped the Fiuit of thc Englijh Refolution, yet no
Story, no Legend, fcarccly reporteth any fuch 1 lardincfs
either of the Englijh or others, that io few Perfons, fo
naked of all Provilions and Supplies, fliould undertake
fuch .:ii Adventure upon a Countcr-Paity, fj well and
abundantly fitted at all Points. But let it be further grant-
ed, that they might pollibly have overcome all thofe Dif-
ticulties, yet to what End and Purpofe fliould they l.ave
put thcmfelves into fuch a Jeopardy? Thty knew wjll
enough, that it was agreed between both Companies at
home, that the Forts in the Indies lliould remain rcfpec-
tively ill thc Hands of fuch as had PoflelTion of them at
thc Date of the Ticaty Aimo 16 19, and that the fame \v.is
raLilled by the King's Majelly and the Lords States-Ge-
neral. They knew likcwifc, and ail the World takes
Knowledge of his Majefty's religious Obiervation of Peace
and Ticaty with all his Neighbours, yea, with all the
World. What Reward tlu relorc: could thefe Englijl} hope
for of their Valour and Danger? Certainly none other
than that which is cxprefsly provided by the Treaty itfelf,
that is, to be punifhed as the Diftuibcrs of the common
Peace and Amity c/f both Nations.

But let thele Englijfjnieii have been as foolifli as they will
in this Plot, as the Dutch will have them, is it alfo to be
imagined, that they were lb t/acelefs, as when they were
condemned, and ferioufly examined, and admoniflied by
the Minillers to difcharge their Confciences, yet then to
perlill ill tiieir Diflin'.ulation, being otherwife of fuch god-
ly Behavicur, as to fpend the Time in Prayer, Singing (>f
Plalms, and fpiritually comforting one another, -.vhich the
Dulib would have hud them beftow in Drinking to drive
away their Sorrow ? Let Coljons Qi_iellioii to thc Mmiiter
be conlidered, liis, and thc rells. Offer and Deliie to receive
thc Sacrament in Sign and Token of their Innocence,
their mutually alkmg Forgivenefs tor their like falfe Accu-
fations of one another forced by the Torture.

•i bomjon sh([ i-dri:\\i:\ 10 Biamoni, Cclfcn's Prayer, and
his writing in his Prayer-Book l'arJo\ Farewel to Fi-.i::',
alto his conjuring F..\hottation to his Fellows to dilcliarge
their Confciences, and all their Anlwers thereunto, ciav-
111", God's Mercy or Judgment, accoidin;; 10 their Inno-
ccncy in this Caul'e ; their general and religious Pmlenioii
of their Innocence to their Countrymen at their l.ill p.ut-
in<' with them, and f.nally, thcii Kaling this PiolelHoii
wuh their JaU Breath and likod, even in tlie very Article

i I

'"M

8S4

.J/t hiflor'nal Jaonfit of the Intenourfe

U \ 1

m'-L

» f Df.ith, anJ in tlif Swokt- of the l-'xccutionrr. NVlut
hiiiriblr i»ixi unrxamplal Dillinuilation was this? If loiuc
one or more of ilietn had Ixcn lo tearfully ilfljxrjtf, yet
woiiki (hire iiot one amongft ten Ik IouiuI to think of the
Juilpment to con>r, whcrciinio he was then inrtantly fum-
mor.al, without F.flbin, Bail or Mainpnzc? What' Had
tlity \\o\K of Rej>»ievc and Life, if thiy kept thnr Coun-
tfname to thclall? Yit what Hope had T*fw/i;i and fhr
rlf when Capuin 7»a'(T Ws Head was off? Nay, what
tiefire had TLomfcn and CJjrk to live, being lo mangled
and martyr'd by the Torture ? They were executed one
liy one, and cvtry one Icvcrally, took it upon his Death,
that he was puiltltfs.

Now to bianc « and Tmooth over all this rough and bar-
barous IVocccilir^, it is here given out, that thctiovernor
and I'ifial foui..', llich F.vidente of the Hot, and dealt lb
evenly in the I'roiefs, that they Ifxjred not their own IVo
pit, having ufed fome i>f (heir native D«/€-/'«M»f, partakers
i.f his Irealon, in the fame Mar.r.cr a^ they «hd the F.ng!,jh ;
but this as wcil by tlic Rtiaijon hcr<; truly and faithtv"v
r.t down, grounded ui)on the Iwoni Tetl.mony ot fix ci
tiiblc WitnclTt-*, as a!fo by other fufficicnt Rejvirts of di-
vetfc lately lome out oi iholc I'arts, api>carcth to Ik a
iiiecr Tair, not one allcJged by aiy in the Iniitn in m.i
ny Nionths after the l-'xctutitsi, but only invcnteti ;'nd dif-
jH-rfrd here lor a l-'ucu^, anl a lair Colour uixin the wiiolr
Laufe, and tu make the World l)c!;iVe, that the dround
of t;».s barlwrouv and tyrannous I'roctcding was a true
Crime, and iiOt tl.c unfauAf^k Covctuutneis of the IklLin-
dtrs, by this cruel Ticachcry, to gam the lolc Trade of
the Mclii((as, HttuJa and .-/b.iwvim, which !•. alna.iy Ix
conv the l.vciu of this blix>!y I'loccls. To a^!'.' h(reuiit(^
by WMV .1 Aggravation, will l)C ncedlels, tlie Kaft is lo lull
of ix.ioi;s and liarlurous Inhimunity, executed by the
Dutfb, \}\\)n the EngUff) Nation, 111 a I'lacc where K^th
lived under Tetnis ol j'artnerfhip and great Amity, ron-
firmed by a moU filttnn Tnaiy.

It r.-.ult be confcflid, thut th,> 1. in a'l refjnfts a moft
aftoni(h:ng and fui[iizing R!!.:i;i;n. That the litiltb
fivHild Ik defirous of ingrofling t! <• Sptce- Trade, had no-
thing in it but what might be eafily accounted for, be-
ca'jft ol the fornur Inftanccs t!icy had given us of their
Avarict, tiiat th:y fhou'.d nuke ro li ruple of attacking and
I't-n.-oyiMg the tJtji^'.-fo that were f; tiled in the Sjnce Klands,
and cor.l.qiitniU Itood in the Way ol tJieir IVf'gn, is
what iTuphi have iKen txpnitfd lioni thtir bciUniilcU Afn-
bit.on, 1 y whiih they wi.re bri.<»!rK h;rm;bable, even to
their own States-, but that they Ihoukl tike this Methcxi
which was at once the moft haibarous, the moft provoking,
nnvl tt»emoft contrary to the fokn-n 1 reaty they hid made,
\- Ihifige in the luaheft I>g're. But perhaps it may be
aciountcv! llill (hanger, that when tiicy liad t:t>:.f it, they
durft jurtiiy it, ar.d judily it es'en hcici which however
ihcy did, wIikIi produced ?he Account wc have jrvm tlie
Reader, as appears from that very Account which the
l-lcJl-lnJii Comjiany were not at labcrty to publilh till
till Dkub mai'.e this Ap|ica! to tijc Public k themlrlve*.

Afur thii, indeed, the pubhftung ot their Cafe could
I e r. > longer refulexl them, efpeciatiy as what they (ifiVrcv!,
was liipjxjitLd by tlic fullci'. ProoJs upon Oath, rrgiftrni
n the Cc>utt of Chanirry. We ke Irom hence, tlie great
Confn;ueiKe of the I -ibrrty e,f the Prtfs . had it lieen ojkii
at that Time, it hid l)ren m-.ixilT.f.lc to have hindred the
Natii-n troni rrfiving ample SatisWlion lor (iicli a lla-
grant Injury, luch an intukribJe Infulf. But as if was,
wr arc tiki, liiric was a Fatty in King Jjmts's Couit,
th.it if tiiey did not jullify, at leal< extukcl this horrid I aOt,
(H)in th' Dulib Auoijiit '<t It txforc mentioned, which
tciKlets It abltylutfly nccertary, that this Diiuif A count
ftiould be likewifc n.ven fi, the Rea.'.tr, not only to pre
sent any SijIpuHjn oi Paiiulu), but (hat all the Cm imh-
(ljncc« <,l iliis 1 ra^'^dy ;iiay ai.|x-ar in the i irairH Light,
tli'Tt t..;ing loiiv- (■• theili which ti.idd unlv Irf- l> t lorth
ly ih • Duub tl«n)i'lvrs.

It may not be amili, Imwever, to cjbferve pfvuiti" to
t\r traiilaiUng this Duuh AtccAint, that at ihn Jimi'ture
the States were aitually Iriiundwig ami receivinj; Alhl-
lai le liwni the Cr<s« 1 ni (,>/,;/ Hnijin, and ttiai too as
L.ijr la iiv Natur' , .md 4; etj-ctua! in its Conlrfjiim
a

^^ Book I.

crs, as any which thiy had received ,n the Time of Ouwr.
IJizMbtib, and for which the States exprrlTtd „ ^^c
liratitvide and Thaiikfubeli to that Monarch, as ever th
.Hd to thr Qiieen, and « it clearly appears, w„h juft aj
much Sinmity. I would not, however, be underftood Z
mran, that the Tragedy of /lmk>,na wa* ««,•,) jn cmf^
quenre of r.ny Inftrtiftions from Holland, lince that woul I
not only be unfair, but mtnie •, but then the Rcafon .If
this Wight lo be ■ttcndcd to, which was, that tjw Hrjnr-
of Orrfuxr was at the Head of their Affairs, and tlu y rouki
not, \mder the Eye of their Stadtholder, take any fuel
btwvly Rcfolutions. But in the litditt they wcr-- at full
Liberty, and there therefor* the true (;enius of the Nation
difplavrd itfelf ; and the Dutch Writers, in thole very
rimes boaft, that the General of the K^^H-hdU Comixiny
kept as ^Trat a Court, and made in every nipeft as ma/
nihcent an Api^-arance u the Prince of Orange himlHl'
which plainly intives, that as they hatrd the (iovemtnenl
of the Princes of Ortngf, lb they were willing that Stran-
grrs (hould take notice of their Independency and Power
in another Part ol the WorW, where the Government waj
>n luch Hands as they bed a|)pr'jvix1.

Thefe things being remembered, let iis now proceed to
the Dtitrh Account ot the pretended C»Mil'|)iracy at //«.
ttynti, addreffed in a Letter to a Friend of theirs here
under the Title ol a true IVtail ot the News that came out
of the InJifi.

J " The very Caufes and Beginnings through which the
•* Ciovernoi and Council eftablilhed in the Name of the
" VfiilfJ Nrlbfr.'iimls in Amhnna rame into Sufpkion that
♦' Ibir t; was plotted againtl the Piovirre, dki Rrit
'* f^ow /in the great 1 acentioutiw Is of the Tartutants in
" Miiujut and jimboyna, svho, contrary to the Contrart
" ot Alliancf i(>c 0, nude with the High and Mighty
" L)fds the States without our Confent and Knowlnlgc,
** to make Peace with the King of tid$re, as alfoaliuce
" with tlie Sp>iittardj, their and our ancient Ads erfaries,
" by which the laid Tarnaidnft had too much call olVall
" Rer[)eif, which they, both in regard of ourConfedenKy
•* and manifold Aflillance, did owe ki this State, lie
" Sp.miarJ aifo was Mailer enough at Sea in the Mokcai,
" iKOufe the Englifi) Merchants then- in the t,i'l-l>u!i(s
•' were unwilling to turnilh us with Ships ot War towards
" the common Defence, as they were Umnd to do, ac-
" cording to the Treaties lOio, to the Number ot ten,
" tlin vigil which the Voyages to A/i<»Ui7.i coming to ceale,
•' the Liiemy traded there without any interrtiption, and
" procured Power to fciul (jallies. Ships and Pinnaces to
*' MofHCdi, with g.-rat Succours ot I'eople and Pnivilion,
" and that ly-iaulr again through the lame Driault of
" the F.ng!;Jb Mcn;hants, there were no Shi[.-s ot War kept
" as (hi ulii have been. TtK Subjeets of the K ingot 7cr-
" naif bfgan to commit great Inloloncies againll our Na-
" t!oi), having cxitragcoully affaulted divers ot us divers
'* Ways, and alio flam fome, and we, notwithllanding,
•* would not obtain any Punilhmen' uj-on them ; and as
•• ()• r (XjtracT unj-^inilhal piovokes more, through Ilo|>c
•* ci the l;kr Impumty, or otlier Cbnfiderations, li) were
•• the laid liirnaionts ot .-Imboyna dwelling at Ijcho, Ctm-
*' btHe, and thofe near adjoining Places proceeded taither,
'• and have aiintd thcmlelvcs at Sea, and invading divers
*' Iflands and Places Handing uiulcr the N(tbnl«nd\ Gu-
" vernor in .■Imlvyxa, liwiling them, and killing our Sub-
" ir^rts, and taking othen, and carrying them away tor
*' Staves ; and, notwithllandmi; the inllant Requcft of th.-
" SetLrrhir.iP'^ ( iovcrnor, no SatittaCtion or Jutlice bath
•' followMl V Ihii the laid 'Itrnatanti arc yet goivr farther,
" anil oj-enly thr.-atened to murder tiic Vu'.tb Merchaiii-.
" and to Ijvtil aixl burn the l/>dge, or factory, which our
" People have many Years the'e enjoyed, lo ih^i our
'• Merchants have takni out the JtutU' lioocK to «vi.id
" Damage i ami th ■ larnaiMn at ixh') did acuiaii) let
" on I- ire ami rinn tiic laivl Stthnia>:J\ Factory.

** In the A/am,/'...;, an llland bcmg undi^ the I'rovinCL
" ot jimkyna, ihey hase in like manner Dioitiy -ittcr
" tMiriirvl tl>e \(llh'ria>iJj I /xlge, svuli iSir loll ol all the
" (liKxis therein. I In- N^t'.trjii.i\ tiuvcrmr, that by
" his Prtfetic-e and Authonty lie nvyli; > aiili* iuih Rebel
•' li'.i!:s 10 t eale, and to itive 0(Ue« loi 1 ime '.o co:iie, and

-• allb

Ch:ip. II. baw.'.ai the Idhihltanti r,f' Great-Britain, ^c.

" alfo to fctk Satisfadion and I'linilhmrnt >i|>oi\ fhr iiforc-
" (".lid Inlolcncies, wcnttowanis t.ubo, witli w litkill I'owrr
•' of Skiops, and coming tlurealKuit, w.ii iiiri nilicrwili-
" than was wont, by a Navy of Sloops ti| tin- 7i)fH,//tt/(;
" ot l.oho, (Iron-^cr than liis wvrf \ tliuli- hy iluii Cont-'
" rfnci'S f^ivi- him well to know, hi>w iiiilf Ktvcima'
•• they gave the Dutch Viovemut : J'hcy luavrd Juiit with-
" out any lifpc ot Rellitiition ol any (lun|', iti lomc, Ut
•» that hr was tain to rctdrn to hisCalllo ui I'm/inyna, Hy
•' rralon ot thcfe things tlu' laid I'l.rii.Uimi be. anil; liillout
•' and daring, that they gave out oiuiily, thai llicy would
" come and I'poil our Subjefis, by a ('i-in lal At my, with
"• above an hundred Fiiqarcs : With ihrlo, ihi y Iriid, they
•' wouKl com? agamft .Imbcyna, to lu.ikc an umvctlal Spoil
" ot our People, through wliuh ilinv ctmif a ('.icat Fi-ar
»' uiHin the Indians, ftandinp uiulu thi Sulijiitmn ol tin;
" Hit'i and Migiity Lonls tiu' .Stati'% us alio over the
'« Nclbcrlandcn. In the lIlamK lymn lar l',aUward ot
«' Hernia, it was alio faid, and the Newt went ciirrmtly
" there, that the Diilcb were lun' inuugh t|uit ol tlwu
" Gallic of /hiiioyna, and at that l imc tijerc wai liircrs
" fccrct CorrelponilciM ics ktwcen the Indium and otlu'ts,
" which gave us great Sufpicion.

" By this means the Nctberlan^i, Governor and Council
" ot .Imboynn were movi\l to have Ipecial Ke|jr,ai*d, and
" look narrowly into all thin^^s, teeing thai it nii^ht tlieiuc
" he. clearly gathired, that lomeihinn ininht [k plottid
" againll the State in /Imimuut, and that the IhiIuvh ol
" themfelves duril not olilr to undertake any llith j_;nat
" Uclign witiiout I'ome j;reat Help ot liiiiK' ol luuufv,
" cither of ^/iwHwnij, Poitugurzc, orrome »ther<i ; and alio
" they underlfood, that ihele at lith, CmiMlu, k\i:. hal
" great fccrct Corrcljtonilence with ihf kn^bjli MculiAHfi.
" When things were in lucii a Si.it,' at .Iwhtn.i, tlicie
" came forth, ami was woiulertully iliKovncd in i •'•riniry
" 1623, a horrible L'onfpiracy aguiiil the I'alllr and I'cj-
" Ion of the Diil(h Governor, the whole Siatr ol .ImlioyiiU
•' and firll by thj Apprehenlion of a certain '/itpoMc/e,
" who, at an niilealbnable I'ime, was olun Iren upon the
'• Wall of the CalUe, where he alio over-euiimilly emjui-
" red ot the moll unlkihul ami lillu'll Siildmi, mui hing
" the Setting and Change ot the Watch, and what Num-
" bcr of People might be in the CalUe. and many other
'■ things: Whereupon in the very Aci ihe laul /.(/'Bxc/t'
" was apprehended, and l>cing txaiiimcd ol many Ciuum-
" llanccs, he coiifeired, that the 'J.ifantji' Suldieis under
" our Service, had determined t t Malfeis
" of the CalUe, and that they lliould h.ivr let u|)oii this by
" the Help ol die Englijh, who had loluitcd ihem unto
" It i and tliat he, with all the other '/.iponi'lii in the En^-
" Iijh Houl'e, oftentimes, within lliiee Mouiirt beloic,
'• had conferred with the linglijb, Muclimn the Manner
" whereby they Ihould bring thi> luaJieiy In pals, i'hcu
" oil the Juponeje Soldiers, who wtii m our Seivite, were
" dilarmed and inipiilDiied ; and by I'.xamination ol (hem
*' all, u apivared plainly, by .\n orduly aiul joini Conhl-
" lion, that all tlif laid Japonrp, upon the I'teaiy ot d'.i-
" h-id town fat, and other hii\^liiij M, ichants iind Oiliccrs,
" aj'reed to alVill the laid hnj^lijh 10 's,trav llie liiivl CalUe,
•• Mw\ K. give it tn-er into the b.niih/b i'uwrr \ And that
" (inhyifl iou'd/on, and .Set i'tia; an /.','(»i'<V' V. hirur-
" geon, and other JO'^bib, dealt olien with iLni, on tlie
" Ways and Mians how tiny lliould woik ii,

" '1 lie laid .I'll Prui! beihij beloie imprilonevl U.' a loul
-' and cxetrabL' latl, and ytt lemaiiuny In Mnuiiud, and
" although it ai>piareil lliriieiently i>> the <ioverinM and
'* Council ni Jmloyna, out ot the Cuiilcllion ol the 'fjfu-
" neje, what the laid dibnel Towit/oii, with Ins Mi u Iwnts
•' and other Accoii.;;.^^ h.vl belore ivlolved 10 do, and
" that the Council lu-l liilRcient Inlurmaiion lonupiilon
" them all, yd thediiKial Counul wouM nm prn ipitat.e,
" tjut commanded lia laid .ItWl /''..<■, then a I'lilimcr, to
" come betoie the Cuuiuil i and alter the I'lan., I'erlons
" and 'I'ime nommai'.d to hnii, \\heie and when lie had
•' dealt with the Japomif and other hxtlijb about the laid
" I'teaLliery i it was alio bum hull well undeilbiiid, how
•' Ik: and another Jaf.mii had peiliiavkvl all the 'j>i[^ntji!
" ;o content to this ViUany , a.i 1 dial ioiilet|ueiuly the
" laid TvwerjuH, us the bill Auiliui, aiiU rtll the otiici

N I' M B. (JU.

885

/•>f/(//'j Merchants, had alfo Knowledge of the faid Trea-
cluiy. Uijon thi'i full and uniform Examination and
Cuntenion of twelve IVrloii;, as well of the eleven 'Ja-
poHifi as one Etiji^lijb^ihc CAidGiiiricl'Tewerfon was called
to the Council, and there app; aring, the fai I Toniofon call-
ed together all his People unto the CalUe, upon tlieRisquetl;
ol the (Jeneral Council, who were then taken and impri-
luned,except the faid Cahnd'Towerfon himfelf, to whom,
at his Requell, and in regard of his Quality, bein.'j chief
Merchant in Amboyna, in the Name" ot the EnglifiCom-
pa^iy, his own Houfe was allotted him for his fate keep-
ing and forth-coming •, and the tiiid Prifoners were all
lawfully and orderly examined ■, and it appeared by then;
jointly, according to their own ConfelTion, every oiv:
having underwritten it with, his own Hand as folbweth :
" Gairiel Tewerfon, about New-year's-day 1623, hav-
ing with him almoft all the Englifi Merchants of the
I'oreign Cantorc in /hiboyna, affembled them in his
Chamber, and propounded to them, that he had fomc-
thing of great Moment to impart unto them under the
Fidelity of an Oatii to be taken before, for the keeping
lecrct thereof, and being trufty therein, faying, it is ne-
cellary fo to be ; for if the thing thotild come abroad
whicli I thall make known unto you, it will coft all our
Lives : Whereupon the holy Gofpel was produced, upon
which every one who was prcfent did fwear Secrefy and
lidelity, as was required. Then Towerfon opened to the
Conlpir.itors, how he had a Way and Means to make
' liimlL-ll Mailer qf the Caftle of Atnhoyna ; and whereas
lome prefent made it difficult to do, being too weak for
' it •, the faid TvivtrfoH anlwered, that he had already won
, to his Purj-Kife the Jafonefi Soldiers, who were in the
l.'allle, aud that they fliould execute his Purpofe, when
the Diitcb, who were in the Caftle, were in their gieateft
' Wcaknels, and worft provided, or when the Governor
' lliould be abfent about f> le Exploit; and that they
lliould wait till Ibme Englijh Ships or Ship were in Am-
I'oyna, whole People he might employ in this Attenipt;
as alio, when all other the Englifi Merchants antl Slaves
(it the boreign Cantorc in Amboyna fhould be lent for to
' the CalUe ; and faid farther, that he knew how to get
Men enough, and they (hould leave this to his Care, and
themfelves do their beft ; and that they of Lobo fhould
aJfo comp to help him, with certain Ccrrecurries, &c.
" Upon which Inducements, all thai were prefent fwore
' to alTift To'xer/cn herein, and concerning t..e Manner of
' Execution ; the faid Towerfon had prellribed to the
' yapaaefe, who were in the Caftle, that they Ihould fend
' to every Point of the Bulwarks two Men, and the reft in
' the Court fliould attend the Governor, and murder him;

■ and that at the Sign which fliould be given to the E>:g-
' lijb, they fliould make themfelves Maftcrs of evffry Point
' ot the Bulwark, and kill all who Ihould refill, and im-
' prifon the reft ; and further, fliould take and divide be-
' tweeii thcml'elvcs and the Japcncfe the Goods of the
' UMjl-ImUa Company, except oae thoufand Rials of
' Eights, which every Jttpcn fliould have before -, and
' that they fhould kill the Citizens, who would not con-
' lent with them, and do them all the Mifchief they could •,
' and touching the Time, he had not yet cert.iinly let it ;
« l^ut that there fliould Ibddenly be anodier Afiembiy of
' the Conf(iiratois, when Gabriel Towerfon would give
' (.) ders tor all things, and would give a Sign to the Jii-
' pimj\\ whereupin, when they flicwed it, they Ihould
' b.'giii the Work within.

' The faid Gabriel Towerfon being aflied in particular,
' shat moved him to fiich a wicked lael ? He anlwered,
' the Uefirc of Honour an ' Profit : Being farther dc-
' manded, who ftiould enjoy the I lonour and Prolit, and

■ for whom he would have taken the Caftle ? he anfwered,
' that if he did obtain bis Di lire, he Ihoul.l prefently have
' advertifed thole ot his N.uion being in BcUavia, and
' called for their I lelp, who, if they had lent him Suc-
' cour, he would have kept the Caftle tor his own Com-
' pany, viz. tlie Engbflj Eajl-Indin Company, .'.nd ii'not,
' he would have liekl it tor himfelf, and have endcivour-
' ed a Peace with the hduws \ that fo, by the one Means,
' and the other, he might attain his Purpofe, After the
' l\xamiiiatioii ot Tvv.'irfun was ended, the DiHih Gover-

\o U tit''

' t

H,l !:;■

,,i{f if

K"f

i !

886

j4» hijioricdt Account of the Intercourfe

Book I.

•♦ nor in Amhyna ophr.tiilril hini of \\\\ rnirl Intrntion,
»« Slid afkfil it this IhrtuM h.ivr Ih"?!) the RcmnnKiice ol
" the maniloM Honour* aiul Kimlmirn hf hvlvlone'to
•' hiMi ? Whciiunto 'K'U'frf'H nnfwtrcd with a ilfcp
" ,Si{jh, Oh! il it were to Ue begun it llioiild not br
" done.

'• Thii volunr.\ry ConfvfTlon and prnitcnt Arknnw-
•• Ifilj^mcnt, with inu'h Sorrow, w,\< nude the Ninth of
•' .\J,trd\ Ixii'i; ihi- TViy whrn the Fxerution Ihoui
*' have b"(n uoiic \ Init ihr I'vamin.irion of 'Ttrfrjcn
" was cndcil the !■ i|.',htif nth ot Ithru.try^ fo ni.iny P.iyi
" bclorc. Thi' u the S.iMlanrc ot the (.'onfelllon i)t'
" the ten y.tp^n.ff, i.f Imirtrcii /■.'»(^."»/i'', and ot .t AV-
♦' il(il-n,h]b Mtfiiiho, or l".i|>t.iin ot" the Shvci, who
•' .ill tonhrmt-d ihifi- their C'onlifnon* with fiirir own
" ILiidi. \Y!i,it Criiv.r thl^ infendeil I'nxlirion was is
" hrnce very iim.y nunilrlJ, .ind undoutifrdi wh.if I'li-
" nirtiinrrt is dm to Trf ai hery, arcordiiij^ to the l.tw
•' ami Cu1^>ln^ o( all Nuio'n, \\ alio well known -, i:o
*' true (.hiiftian Man will patronage «ny Cuch liornbi::
«' /Xiten pt, but will ntljudge it worthy ol Penth, a« it
•' wjs iliterniinrd "y^> ilir Aivomplicrs of the CoiTpi-
" x.K\, at.oulin^ lo the Oid.rot jiil^ic-, as ihvfe m
" .fmkyn.} isiXTviIrd, 4(Coldiii(; ri» |)f-ir, by the Go-
" vcrror and Coiiiui', in the Nunc ot the lligh atul
•• Mighty \miii tho Statu. IT'ic yr>u have, Sr, rhe
•' vcr, Si,l)(lanc, ol the Truth, both of the F.irt a-ul
" I''.' )^ir.cat, other ihan which inany Thin(;5 arc
" irread abroad in /Ci»i' /.»»,/, Ii.it upon what I'rrriiee or
' i. te . ',;.r.ii I know'noi i Lt the Matter iif It Ipr.k

" ; ijv firft Point which h •dyi'^eil agiinft thi* Jif-
" tir i'<-.ic in J^tdf^'M i', conevrr.mg the Pr'icerdinj's
>« »:.ich -u: faid u be h'i'.!cn uithnut IVrnulitT, asul
•• ,vnh Fv.-emity, aj^inft thd'e Co.ilpir.itor! : Your
"■ V. l J , jsid e.»fh K-,;rinaMc Mai\ knoweth that
»• ;v;ry l.jnd h.ah thtir Liw<, an I Urdina;.ce«, and
•' tt'cir j-irtkulir Manner ot I'MCtliriw, as wHI m
•' Civtl, -5 m Cntnaul Cauff» s F.it^Li'iJhm, I'r.irue^
' S^iii-, DtiuHjnJ^ and at! othu Kingdoms and V,o-
•« rcrnmenti have a'lb rhc>r«, which art- jiift and lawful
«' tj cvtfy i>ne in their I")< niiiiinn \ Co th.if when any one
" wi!! jin'gt ot thr J'quiiy or Jillice o!" a l'rxx-eed."t;
' ulcd in a: y I an,!, h; nudl iXin'inc the lame accorvl-
*' itijjtoil.c l.awsat,d Cuftorniof that Kirgd mi.or Do-
" minion, v.l.erc tli; JuHiccind !»rt><-erdings wttt- hol-
♦• den. Ihel'c l'r<Kec.iini;s wrre Iv IJi-n liefoie the do-
" vcrnor of the AV//'. >'.,*/.(, m ih.- NVime ot the lUu-
•• (\r.oj% 1,1 Ti'x the Stalf «, havii r fuj rcsne I'ower, many
'• Yc4'» filler, im' Idui.t .f»('-rt-<ii,<shi(h were C'jr,-
" qiKii.! in the N-iiiu' ol ihc lai i ll!iirtri<iu« I ^)rd» the
" State*, fioii) ihi Sf^ini.n.fi or Peritiiun\ who held
'• the Caft'e in the Name i.f the Kirg of Sf>iti-, our he-
" rcdiiaiy Urtn y \ ihcrclore thc^ are now j^jifciTcd in
•' tht Name ol the Ijordi iSe 5!>,»t^', and arc under
" thti; Uoniiiiion, bv a j ift *•>. f 'awlul 'i 'rtf ol Wjr,
•• accordc!^ to the liv, (,t \,, , ..^m. I ii-le Juft- u
•• .idmiiillltrcd according tu the 1 ..i i^f the ,\Vf<w//f/is.'',
*' in that Nhnncr av »4» ufcd in h< !*roccrdi .g» aga !,,\
*' thole Cidjnratoi*. I know thil the IjWs ot Eng-
" /.,)tJ'are diviifr Iromour* i criminal ( .{{t- -, yea, and
" from ail the Natcin m f.tin'

" liowl-eu ihcrefure no Man Kaih any Ground of
•' Ueafon to fay that th' I'rwf'dingi ot the P.t^l'ih
" Jiidtt'-s o^iaioll l>c!in<^ucni» arc not Irgitimatc, tin/
" thcTuJ kn^lijh l'twe*.dii!|i» do vary in the .Manner
" trom tl.c i'tiKevJiisg* of /'ranK, Sfi.iin, &i . w'lrie
*' oibu Curtonii arc I lor that it lawtul wliirh agrrcth
" wiiii th< l.awi .,f the Land where 'he lad Is com-
" muted. Num. tlun, the J,tri-.f, Soldiers being in
•' thr Sctvuc ol the StibtrUnJi tompany in .■fmbiynt,
" arc dilvovricd iw have i. nipire i againll ihcCaftlc'and
" theGuvcrnor there, undn w\\nU- Oath and Fay they
•' were ; rhty wire a|i}rehend«d, examined, and con
" victcd ol the l.iid ioiilpir*. y. Itiis HroveHing is
•• lawliJ, and lnuthtih nc Man, beralil'e the laid y,ipc
'• Ktjt knew no «Hhcr Milti tlun the SahtrLndert, ii;i-
'» tier *liole Oaih, Service and I'ay ttf y ftani). A I
" thc:c Ci.,n)j,aat«t>, mU» the f.iid Shrinkr, a Captai.i

'• of the Nrttcrl.inJj Siavcj, confcffeJ with one Mouth
•• that they were moved and induced to thii Conlpiracv
•' by the Fug/tjh Merchants rclident in /Imlxyna, whole
*' Namei they named. Now, not only the Right ol the
'• Nfthfrlamis, but A>ri;/.iwrf, and ol the whole World re-
•' quircth that the Authors, Abc-ttors, and Accomnj'icfi
'• ot Murder and rrcalon, flwuld be punilhcd witli
" IVath.

" Whcrcunfo, according to the Common Uw, u alio
" the jnrticular l.twsof every Kingdom or Dominion
" the lufi^caed Ferlons firlt, and belore all, IhiKikl be
•' imprifoncd, not only for preventing the Kittck of
" their evil Furixiles, but that they mijjht alio receive
'• their delerved Funilhment v winch Ap|irchcnlioni
" could not be done ot any other Man tlian by the Coir.-
" mand of the AV//vr<»>»irf/ (iovernor, fo wnom it be-
" loiif^ed to take Care to fee every Ai\ cunccrning fu.
" preine Power to Iv there oblerved I and erp...Mliy ttie
'• hij',hert Fnt;f:,i< Officer there could not appreikiia thcle
" Kr.^l'Jh Conipir.itois brraulc ail the cnu t ol the tn-
" flhjh M'Tchanti at .'tmhr,ni; were tbirnlilves ol (he
" Confpiratv, and Acvromplicei of the V.wi uiioa
" which thf Api'teh • imn was in.uic i thcr.i.irc the
'• Apprehenfion «if tin En^hth Accomplices mull be
" do'ie by tiie Dm^h Governor, whd tlierctorc hath
" then in procerf lid accurUing to thr CuHom ol all Na-
" tons «f the Worhl.

'♦ .\vA t!i.!'. ilieic Apprehenfn ns may W hoklcn
" nwre lawf-i', it api<rariiif; our ol the wrr!;r, I'rncd's
'• tli.'.r the f.ii I Efglijo A(<omplices were nut ininriionn!
" u; onthefirlfSulpitionsandgrolsl.videncen whcSw e
'• i'.id aj'ar Itfh'^m.Kif i.iei),:n bit, wnena.i the J.'tiu.'t
»' Sold.ers were tak( ii, < ximinril, ..nd convicu t, a d hJd
" dilVovcrc', by the uni'orm Ct.nt-irion ol all tfic eleven.

*' The Narnt I, «nd .Surnames of fuch Enpih as had
" p-rfu.ided, and hired them to this Fact, o. ivnicn r.n-
" iC'-y^' *"• "'"■ ^^^^ Pruf, Harlx:r, w.i!, U tore app'i-.
" bended . IS an Fnct-ndiary, for tnji ni.i;, and oliitr \'ir>-
" Icntcs done upon other Mouk-«. who Jlo was lirft
" rxaminrd, and lirlt conlcfied ; as the otnrr eK>v:a
" Jnj-onifr. That he , by Name (iahrnl lenerpn ,
" and other AVf/,'^ Mrrch'.nis, in the foreign Loun-
" tries of .Imtr^na, h.id Kmjwiedgc of this Luuljiiracy,
" trc fo that it ir.iy be (r-n outol that winch wcrt bc-
" fore, that the Duub (iovirnor dealt no otherwiic iti
" the Apprehi-nfions and l-Jtainmations ol the hif^'iilh
•* than according to his I'lare and Power, jnd that wuK
" great Dilcretion, according to tlie l..iws ot the
" United Provincfs. 'I he hcond i'oint, winch is jb-
" foliitcly ilifperlcvi in A.'»fA»»i</af',ainll ihis Kxenition is,
•* that It is faid, that it did n it apprrtain to ire \flbtr-
" iand) in .Imhoim, to imprilon the fiid Eifjilh, and to
•* J n>(?-ed giinft ttum, or to (niiiilh them ; bit: that it
" did bchng; !o fhe Council ol Drfenre, rciidcut at /jc-
" (.t:ra, confiUmg halt of fit^'A^ and halt of Sfiha.an-
«' (^iT/, .ucot^ling to the Ircaty of the Vear lOio, inaJc
" between tiis Maiefty .mdthc I,urdi the States, bttwccn
** the two E.tJitnJi.i C otnjMnies.

" I hat I mght the better inform myfclf thereof, I
•« took in Hand, and {wrufril the g.-nerat Treaty of
'• if>i5, wifh the Kxpliiatmii tollowini» thereupon;
•' but 1 profels, as I thmk, thit every underllandiiii;
" Man mull conlrls, that neither in the laid Treity, ,^or
♦* in the I'.niargrmtnt, any one Article or Word omld
*• be j>erceivetf -, whereby, accoriiinf; to that which is
•« untruly faid in Ei^!-Wii, eirher this, or any luch thing,
" IS nrrfainrd or d; < i.ted by rhe laid I reaty, as it ought
" to have been in fo great an<l iinporta t a t'oini as thii
•' Pan of jDrildidlion is, I appeal to all wife Men, svlio
•* I (kfirc may judge of tf«i% whether this Speech ot
'• fome in EnyJanJ, id wit, that the laid Council ot l).^'
*• fence Ihoulil alone nave juiiged the.'e Conlpirators, h-t
" agreeabk to the faid Trra-y, or coiurary f) the lame.
" 1 'r\\v\ many Arguments lor loy nrijativt Opinions, to
" SI' rh.it wfiirc itip Treaty ot it>i>, th» Duub m
" J'T ' ',<:.! adt!iimllcred JunlJiiftion aiiu ju,ii(aiir-: uj)
•* on ail, and every ore, wtiodweb iri, or uniltr thr Ju
" rildidion ot the (.alHr, at well Inh.dni.ints as Sii..:
" gcr';, svithuut Uiftcrcnce ; and tiat in the laid iVea'y,

!■, i^

Book!.

onfcfTed with one Mouth,
nduccd to this Conlpiucy
clident in /tmlx^na, whole
not only the Right ol the
(t ot the whole World, re-
K-ttor$, and Accomplicrt
Ilwulil be punilhcd with

ihe Common Ijw, ajaHa
' Kingdom or IX-mmion,
ami before all, llumltl be
preventing the Kitcct of
f they mijjht alio receive
: I winch Apiirchcni.ons
er Man than liy thcCo,,.-
-overnor, lo wj>om it bc-
cvrry Ai\ loiicrrning fu-
erveJ ; and elp.oaiiy toe
could not apprciitna thcle
c all the ciiu t ot the tit-
, were thinikives ot ihi

KCJ of the |-...t lljKI.I

'as inane , tlicr.Dre t.'ic
r/h Acconiphcts mull lit
nor, who iherctore hath
[ lo the Cullom o» all Na-

ien(i( n« may be holdcn
ut ol the wrrti-ii Proccl-
>lice* were nut iniprilo', d
;roUl,videncr» whcSw c
r lalf, whenaii the jf'tch. •
d, ..nd convicu t, .\ J h!j
't.ntJ?ion of all id- eleven.
Its o» liich hnjfijh i\ had
r» this Fact, 11. vv.iicii / .-
Earlier, wui Intorc ajp -
r bui I'l ■•!;, und olinr \ , v
ou(«, who ..ilu was iir!t
^ed ; ai the othrr tl,.v.:i
Name (iiikrtd loiirrn-i ,
Is, in the foreij^n Loun-
*\ti\^ of this eu.il| iracy,
:)utt>4thaf which wert t).-
'nur dealt no others* ih- m
iiDiiiatKins v\ liie A««f.VA
and Hosvcr, and that w.ih
g to the l^iws ot I lie
cond I'oinr, winch is .\\y-
rfagainllihis Kxenition is,
t appertain to ire Sflbir-
»n thf I ud t-rtfjilb, and to
pinifh thcin i hue that it
I |>"lrn'e, reiide.it at /;.■-
■h/h and ball id Mflbti.M-
y ot she Vear itii), made
' Lurd? the States, ixtwcen
ie<.

inform myfrlf thereof, I
•d the g.-neral Treaty ol
III followinfj thereujxjli ;
thu every undtiltandiiii;
her in the laid Trrity, ,:or
ir Articie or Word i.'ji.l
Lcordinjj; to that vrhich t-i
irr tlii<i, or any Inch ihinjz,
he (aid I rcaty, as ir ougliC
:i imjKirta t a f'oint a»flm
peal to all wile Men, s*1k>
', whether this Speech id
lat the laid Council ot P.'
!ged ihefr Coiilpiraturs, b;
V, or coiUrary f.> the fani-.
my nrijaiive Of-^^ions, i-)
ty o( ir>i y. III. Ihtit i:i
IJiftion aim Jadiiatu ■; i.]'
ilwrli in, or uniJii th- J-
Wei! Inlial-.iMiits as S;i .
tiid tiul in the h<ii iVea'y,

Chap. ir. between the Inhabitants of Great-Britain, ^c. 887

" the Butcby with ihe Englifh Merchants, made only a •• once, and again alkeil of the Judge, and utterly refuf-
'» i-eague in the Manner ot Commerce and Ncgotiati- " ing to be legally tried, is adjudged to be dumb, that
•♦ on« ot Nutmegs, Mace, Cloves, and Pepper, in fome • ■• ■ -- . - -■' o . -'•

•• Quaiicitiei, without having any further Treaty or
«< Communication in the Land. So that without the
»* Boundi of this cominon Negotiation, every one rc-
«« inaincd free and unhindered in the Land by the Right

•« and PolTefllon which cither Company enjoyed and ex-
" eroded I'everally, according as the fame ap})eareth out
•» ot the twenty-third Article of the Treaty, where it is
»* exprefsly laid, that Callles and Forts fliall remain in
" their Hands who do at pielent pollel's them : And
♦» out of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and tiftecnth Arti-
" cle.n of the Treaty, all may lee that this Common Coun-
«' cil of Deltnct hath no more Power, fave only over
•» the Fellowlhip of the licaty, that is, over the. Navy
" of Defence in the Sea, lo the Dsleiice of common
" Merchandize and Ijberty ot Commeice. And,
" laltly, to tax the Charges for the I'rovilion of Amu-
" nitioii III tiic Forts \ neither can any other Thing be
«' fu'Cercly collectLd out of the laid Treaty, lo tar as 1
" ran comeive.

" Thcrifi-r., this fecond Point is found to be untrue
«» and abu'lve, being not founded upon the laid Treaty,
" wnich Treaty, noiwithltaiuliin;, ought to be the only
" Kulc b» thol lilt one and the other Loiupany. Finally,
" .1 IS ^iv;-:i (,iit in EiiglimU, that in the Lxainination of
♦• till- Coiilinrators, there was J''.xitl> in the Ndlyrlamis
" ,|ud^;. in tile Point of Toitiin-. I atkn:>wluige, that
" i;o Aii^ument or Pict.-xt a^amd the Juiiice of tUb Lx-
'• rditiDii, hath more moved nu- iii tlii. Ikj^miuiiji,, than
" tii": I'rvteiKi- (<t l-.xcvb atorclaid J Kcauie tins Ihi rail
" C'hiillian Comi'aHion i altlioui'h I alio judge, that wile
•' NTiiv. ill not luifer till nil. Ivis ti) Ix; too inucti tiaiil-
•• poitid til. ri'by, hrl(;ictlv true Ucilons do fully appear
" •.sii;;h Ihouiii iiiovi. tistlitreuni i ; lnr 1 well remember
" yir, that in the rime ot toraicr Miltakiiig in th. In-
" dti'S, many riui'g!. were ) reteiu'.ed on boiii I'arts ; up-
" on which Prcti'iUi- were gre.u Out-cnes on either vSide,
" widch yet, by due l'"-xaniinat.oii, wcr.: found to be fallc
" Pret xt^ of fome ll!-willcrs, ami Men delirous to wran-
•« • i whit!i Pieienccs, U'lnji; thoroughly lilted by tiie
" nigh a.id mvith-admircd Wiidoin ot ins M.ijeliy, and
•' tne 1. ord:. liir States, were well dil'eovrreu to be no
" Inch Matt r-i as they were made; as it is ailo undoubt-
" rilly K-.ieved, tiiat' hts Majdly .ind the States will yet
" lurtlier do in this Aiiair, and lu th-- Caule td the DuLcb
" Comjany may be rightly iultil'ied, ol which 1 utider-
" dai.d, that the Lords the States h,ive liiecul Kcgaril \
" and that they have been tiioroURlily iidoriiied what is
'• the very liutii of the I'liings tliete pall, aiid ot the
*» l:.x eiition in .imtoyna of the /-.w^/z/i Cotilpiiators > iin-
" ti) wliuh Lnd (h- Ixirils the States refolved tu lee and
*' perule all the Papers and Letters toui hii:f; the laid Pro-
'• cecdingi. And now, thereu|H)n, Men l|x^ai< far oilicr-
'• wile than heri toforc i for Pretences and Cavils cannot
" Itaiv.l with I luth. And it doth plainly appear, that
•' there is little Iriith in the Matter ot I'oituie, reported
" n l>c midi cruelly indideil upon the En/ibjb Coiilpira-
" tors, as III h.i'j^land it is faid \ and I have ever lulpect-
" ed this for a blander ; for, I know the Dutch Nation
•' doth naturally abhor this kinii of Cruelty, anti are as
'« much moved to Commileration as any other People.
'* But whether thele evil-minded Men, who have Icat-
" tcrcd this gieat Slander in Ln^Und, and have lo foiily
♦' defaced a ind taiife, have done it by Occalion ot an
»' \ te of 'l"orti:ris in ihcfe Lands in fome weighty Ciules,
" .ueording to theCulfom of moll IJomintons in Europe,
♦« I ianni>t judge.

" Bw 'i th It to be cenfured and iudgcd to be unjult ot
•' the whole Woild, which is re[)ugiiant to the Laiws ol
" Englan,i /or any one Nation; where Torture is really
" u'led? Nothinu U) but the Jullicc or InjulUce ot a Caule
" mulf t« determined ,i« cording to the laws where it is
" done, and not of other Lands. If this were not fo,
•' why then Ihould not the whole World much more judge
'^ !iiata.>i..ird, .inilathingunlu.irdot, which in L-'ieC.iu-
♦' l-sisofcd!iiA>ti:/</'i./, .leeoriiing to the Laws ther.-, wlie:i
*» they proceeded againlf fume i^uilty Pcrloiis, wl.o bcingj

is, by Contumacy, whofe Condemnation then accord
" ingly followeth, that he is laid upon a Table, or PI ink,
" and another Plank upon him, that his Body is mifera^
" bly bruifcd, and fo preffed violently to Death. The
" which, according to the Conleflion of all Nations, and
" by the Englijh Writers, is judged to be one of the molt
" fharp and Icverc kinds of Deaths that can be invented j
" vet cannot fijch an Execution be called cruel and ui;-
" lawful, when it is done in Englund, becaufc it is done
" according to the Laws of that Land, tliough Str.;;igers
" Ihall judge otherwife of it ■, and in like Manner the En-
" jili/h Nation cannot complain of the Torture whiclx
" livil-wilkrs fay was ufed upon thefc Eugltjb Confpira-
" tors in Amboyna, becaufc it was done according to the
" Laws of this (Joveniment, and is not unufual in Calls
" of Trealbn, neither with us, nor with any Nation in
" Europe.

" And for England itfelf, it is well known, and his
" nv)lt excellent Mijelly doth acknowleilg ■, by his own
" princely Pen, that the Rack and the .Mauicies are the
" only 1 ortures tiiat are exercifed upon Traitois, to force
" them to conlefs w'lat tliey know to be dangerous to
" the State i anil to lay the Truth, without taking Parts,
" the Ek^UJI) Conlpiiators Ixiing ulVioiued with th • uni-
" lorm and wiitten Confellions of the eleven Jopomfc,
" tlieir Actompiice.s, which would convince thei',. r.ilici-
" ently, accordinji; tu the .L.aws, and find t'--<- gudty of
'■ th:' ia;iie Coi-.lpiracy, and ro '''quently 'A Death, if
'• r.osv not.vit'iiLi;:e:i!!;.; thii, ti.,y .lad pei lilted in the
" It'jut Uiiiial of ihe Facl, were not this enough to judye
" them dumb by Cor.aiin.-.ey, and lb to ilteem tl-.em
" woiiny ol this I'.irt. I'undhmer.t ol prefiing to Ueatli a3
" at I, laid? iiut t.iis Torture of ours, is to he judged far
" lels than that pnlling whet c the .Malefaciojr dotii lli.Ter
" liich extreaui Mii'eiy ,is cannot be imagined, and which
" IS not lo be leneiied or eal'ed at ail, but ended by
" Death.

" But to the fulFcicnt Satisf'adion of myfelf, and your
" Worlhip, and all M ii, and not to fj'e.ik aceoiding to
" the Sentences and Conl'ciences of others, I have uled
" all Dihgenre to get into my Hands the written Proetfs
" concerning the Confpirators in .'Inihyaa, svhich I ob-
" tamed authentically, and read carefully, and 1 find, tiiat
" ad by me above laid is confirmed, to wit, tiiat the
" Japonefi Accomplices were examined and made their
" Confellions as afoiefaid, for three Days, -:iz. the 23d,
" iift'i and 2 jth of February 162 ^ ■, and that all this be-
" ing ilone and confummated before, tlien at lalt is Ga-
" bricl To^zvirfun, iirll with the rell of the EagHJJj Accoin-
" plices, im;Jnlbned tiie laid 25th of Fibnuirj, when
" their Lxamination and Coiilellion be.vj.an, at.d coiui-
" nued divers Days, witliout ever hallen;ng till the 3d of
" Miinb ; aiul the faid l-lxaminations and *.."onleflions be-
" nig lo liniihed,the Niiibcr.'aittLrs (ioveiaor and council
" dehberated whether tiie Punifliment migiit be deferred
" to any long Time, or referred to any other PLice -, but
" it was fo concluded, by joint Conllnt ot all, that the
" laid i'lininiment there delerved, mult be e.xccir d in
" the fame Place for l'.xamplc ; and tliat it coulii not in
" any wile be delayed w ithout extrcam Danger, fur Rea-
" luns tlierc related : And, among c.iiieis, Lecaule the
" I'arnatans and Indians about Ambowu liael, other\vife
" than tiiey were wont, rebelled j neither couK! it be fur-
" ther known what great Conf.d.eracy thele Confpirators
'* had made with them am! others.

" And touching any extr-iordinary and cruel Torture,
" 1 have accurately looked over eveiy oies Confeflion ;
»' but I find not one Word, in any one, wnich malath any
" Mention of fiicli Torture, as is unjulUy fpok n ot in
" England; nav, Itaiee find any Mention of tlut: ordi-
" nary Tonun' which is in Lie, lave only th.fe W^ords ;
" in one Aft ol the i5th of I'ubruary lOij, ■vi~. the
" eountil being gathereil together, have tlvjught meet
" that .til the Eiy^hfiJ flvaild be prel'ni'y examined, one
" after another, as '.lecoiduigly it was inllantly d.one, iind
fome of tiiem belore anv Toiture : Others, alter a little,
or rather a I oucli ot it. contclVal as iollowctli. Liito

which

Jlf,

i1 Ii

\*.}

«!

R«{8

^pj hifloriial Accoufit of the Intcriourfc

Hook. I.

if* A. .

wliich followetli jirtfcntly, the [arficu'ar Cu'if- 1'' on of
cvpiy onf, t\ibkrn)cd wttli his own H.inil, a« .iltircUul :
So thJt hence it » nvirilrl), that no cwraordinary I'or-
tiiri' W.H iifril 111 I'lK-h Manner «< n girtn out there liy
thol'o th.it *ilh mtvilj n»y. that thole lew that felt
ail), wrtc only touched (not puniihedj with oniinary
lorivirc.

•* And thif- your WorlTiip hath the upri(^ht ami impr-
tial I'mth <>l this Biifinels touching the whole I'allagr
aj It prwiiilfc!, ami the l*uiiilhmriit a< it wa< iiiHu'lec',
tron\ which fomi- of the /■-w^/y'' were rxemptril liy Fa-
vi.iii, t:,at the Engl/Jh liocxU (nniild not Ix loO, acion!-
ini; a". DrJer hail Incn piven fothat F.nil. Anil I timl that
(ho Srntinie hatl licen given the yth of Manh, i6ij,
by a comjietcnt AHeinbly of hxirteen Juilgi*, who, as
It apjiean th in the .Senicnrr, in the iloing therrof, ilul
U-forc (.i!"rlUy call uixin the Name of tfie I^ml, that
hr wrKilil p!i-a(e to be Prcrulert, ami prcJonimant in
iverv o:'r of t!:eir Hearts i.i this loirov^fiil Airemliiy,
atui that hr would inl'pirc them only with that whuli
inigiit Ix- judged to be ex|x;Jient ami \\\\\, (s(. S<j
that out of all that is A;iove-laiJ, nothing die can a}>
pcif, but that this liiirincU was managed lawUilly and
orderly, by Men of I lonelly aiul Copfcience. againit

thole Tunes, of vslmh indeed I once intended to luv
written, I have met with lo many I'lool* oi the Caiuioiir'^
Integrity, and pubiiik Spirit of tlut worthy Sccri'urv'
that I nuke not tin- leall Scruiile ol aiririniiig, ij,,, [,„|
ir.iiH be a pnKligioiis I allhiMid.

As to ftie Duke of Huikiuf'h.im, Ins Intcrell *|||, i;;,,;,
y.imii Wis to i\VL at, that if he had not been loine Way oi'
other apjwaled, I laiinot but think the Mallatre at /fw/.,v,j
would not have julTed as it ihd •, but, at the Una- time
I nuid protels.that I ilonotUlicvc he wasiapabli ol bii,j ■
brik-d to luJi a llehaviour . I rather think lie wa* iiiiikvi'
and imixiled U|xin j and I m.ike no ijucHkiii that iiusvuy
l'.i[x-r was tranlmiitcil to lume I'ulon in hisConiuiciuc tor
tliai Pui|Hile. It is an ealy luailtr to Ipeak ill ol tiic Dea*'
and tixj conunoii a I'ractue to tear thole Lliaiacuts to
I lecrs which are lealf like to Ik- detended ^ 1 ut this I ^;^l^;
not do : Though, to Hiew that it i» not witliuin Rraloii
that I liifju-Cl the Duke of Hiukirgbum to have luvl a latirc
Miarr in preventing King/jm^; from tcllilyiiig a U-.oin
ing Kelentment \i\\w this Oicafi'jii, I will relate a parti
cular Fad that led nic into thi* Opiniui. '1 he luylhdia
lomjwny, to perjictuatc the Memory ol thii barbarous
TranlaCtion, cauftd the Torturei and SiilVcnngs ot the
Kiglijfj ai .nmbvyn,!, to be very (Xaftly painted, and hung

liKh as ha.l undertaken ag.iiiid the State, agamll tl;e ii,.- in their ilalU wlutii I'liiture, by the Direction ut

Wraith, ar.d Advantage ol this A",»/<-/*</i<i Company,
" (he laves ol tlnir Odicrrs, there placed againit the
" Siatc and WrIUre of many, \sho a.s little delerved,
" ar.d as !i(tle expc<f\ed lurh VVickednel'j frcm their
" liicndly Conlcdiiates in iIk Came Society of Merchanti
" there rrfiding with (h( in.

" And now (tonlidering the I'remili I hojv ;t (ha'l
'• tx: lar from every Chrillian, in anywilc, to pri.tciit, or
*• exail'e this wicked K.idt ; but rather to mourn and
" grieve, as we do, for this Conl'piraey, and for the I'.vil
•' the Con<j[>irator5 have lo del'ervedly litawn uj^on their
" own Heads, and to honour tfiem who, in Julbte, fiav^:
•' punifhed Viilainy according to ihr trui Merit thrrrot -,
" for, we all know, that, without Jullier, without Rr-
" ward of that which is goo<', and I'unilfiment of that
" which IS evil, no Society ot Mankind can confill.

" And lor this Intorrmtion, which I Und in 1 x.ve am!
•' Honour to your NVorfliip, as unto a Ixjver of Truth,
•' and a Haxrof Treachery, you may make luth Tleasio
" you (hail teem gocxf m anv Place wirre you come, l>oth
" lor Hit't;ii;ion of any thii g aiieaiiy rej>orteil contrary
*• thercunt'), and tor Prevention of any further fallc Ru
" mouri or Clamours. And, titully, for the Proiugation
" of that undoubteti Truth, which litre, to my belt, I have
" efx'cavoured to difcover.

" Ami d you fhall nicet with any thing of Worth,
" whKhean be truly avowetl t . i-e contradictory unt{>any
" thing I have written, i define to utKkrlland it fiom
•• you, iT\'.\ you to fuljxnd your wile and inipanal Juig-
" mrnr, till I have ckared it unto you Iiuih remain-
•' i-t 1 ever the lame. So I cotnnund ycni ty the (kxi of
♦' Iruth, iklinng him m give us Mintis, not to ludge
" .irvorilmp to ctwanl Ai>})caraiicc, Uit to judge with
'• r!ghteouj Ju^i^nwrnt."

S. I: IS evident eniHigh, from the Stile and C'ompofi-
tion of ihisextraordmar) Pirre, that it w«» jKnned at the
Rrqudl, and for the I'l'e cl lonit Peifuc. ijt Crniit herr,
who was a ^reat Fnend to ilie Dutch, and highly inftrv
rr.enLal in |T-vcnting tl>c (iovcri inent 'rom intcri'orm^, as
thry ought to have <lofie, in favour ot liie LsjlInJta
Comiiany, an>l of tjuang the htft ■, (or a full Satistactici.
could not be fad, lor the bate and batbaruus Clap" of Caj*-
Uin TtK-'trfn, and the rc(\ ot the kngtilhmt>i, who were
thus enifily miiri>retl at .'moeyna. But it is not lo tal>
lo fay who ;!iis Perfon was. 1 he Writrrs of S»aiidal lii
thofe iime-, ihatgtd thi", tiilluading the King from in-
icr;<jfinp, u}>ofi two Paton.s by Name, viz. i!w liteat
Diikc ul Hticktnghitm, and the t.Hen Sccictary ut .State Sit
Ralfb li'imvcfj. And I fuve met witb a Book, printed in
1651, in which It is atfirmcd, tlut the Secretary rciciveit
a Britx- from the Dutch of ^o or aoooo Pounds (or that
Service only. | uke tins to fse a fiorrid Calumny 1 for
fiavng tik«i iuint Pain* in cxamimng tfic Hiliory c-t

hmktn^b.iiit^ was taken down i lor which this Rcalon was
aHigned, that, as it luii not been thought pfujKt to in-
volve the Nation in a War on this Aciount, it was, bv
no Means, detent, tliat Juch a Pn.ture Ihuuld iciiuiii m
piiblitk \iiw •, fiiKC, at the Uiiie time that 11 expol",:.l
the Cruelty ot the L)uJ; it tiircw luine kind oi OJium
on tli« fjixJiJl AJminillratiun.

Hut (lio'thet'e PaiiKings in Oil were removed, thcA'dyi-/*-
tiia Comjiany couhl not be drawn, either to forget tli.j Al-
tai.-, or to fulUr t.ic Account that tins Dutih Agent luul
pubhrtied of it, (u pals unanlwered -, and therelotc they
employed a vory good Pen, to rtiew ih: l(KonliiUi).i.i uJ
this Relation, aixi lurndliett him Mith all (he Mjtciu!>
(!ut Wire mjuifite for (hat Puriiofc. 1 lii^ Defijjn ui Ir.t
he exc-cutcii with gre.it Spiiit and Diligence, anj the
Piece idell ts fu i ieui a V indit ation ot ifie Iiincxrncc ul ti.e
hn^iijl, and lii lull a Prixif of the Ciueliy anil IJaiLuity ol
(he Dulil; that 1 have thouj;ht til to iidcit it for the Unie
Realons, which iiuliKrd iiu to give I'laie to t|,e otiuf
Papers; and I ptrkUile mylill that it will Ix: very agicca-
l)!e to my Readers, to l-e, at one Vnw, and in lo r.artDw
a Com{>afs, all tiic nuthentick l.vidcnce that llill reniaiiii
ol tliisiTUel, arbitrary, and uniull Proceeding, by wlncli
to many biav* Men were, at that Time, deprived ot t!n ;r
l.ive* 111 to Ignominious a Manner, and the Ljipijh Na-
tion for ever deprived of lo important and valuat)le .t
Conuneice. Tins Reply of the iujji-Iiiiiiu Cwnpaiiy w*>
cuiKCivcd m the luiiowtng Termt:

" The Compiler lA tins Relaoon, perceiving that he
" had an hard lalk to make it piulable, that cightirn
" EnX'ijitut'!, Merchaiii , and tin ir ServaiUi, all U'laiiu-
" ed, Ihouid, with the AlfitlaiKe of ten 'jafmcic, likt-
'■ wile unarmed, undertake the Surpri/.e of a Calfle, 1j
" provided every Way as tlut of /ImijyUJ, is bclorc 1.1
" the Relation ut the A«j.,;/i Iruiy dtlir.bcd to be: .Ai
" alio the laiiK Author well weighing, that albeit, all
" tliat he was to write ot thu prctenilcd Conlpira^y Iho.ilJ
' Ik- taken for true ; yet the Tact would Icmi Vviy poor
" lo l-<:ar lb rigurum a Punifhmcnt in I'crloih ot that
" (^jality, and ot tlut Relation to thole that iiiliiCtd it,
" proviuci nunc Ikiilully than t.»ir!y, for l>oth theic
" Pouits, in tf»c Preamble of (Ins RilaiicKi. lo dusliid
" he rake* ai.d heap-, together ail the Jcaioufits and Dan-
" gers that the JJuich Iwd in the JnJuj , yea, and more
" ttun they truly had at, or about the 1 imc ot :hc pre
" tended Coidi iraiy, ^nd appliej them all to the Sulpi-
*' cioii ol thii Bulineis, as it ail their T.iieinies were likily
" to cunlpire with the EKgiijh ; aiid tlierelorc t'le bactb,
" under Colour wherrot (hey were condemned and exc-
" lUted, were poHible anil probable ; ami as il (he .State
" of the 'Tiiiir lia ! l>ccti then lo dangerou-. that every Slia-
" dow ot Conlpiraiy was to be exejuilite.y cMjuiici! ol,
" and tat Icaft Olicnu- to be (cvcrely pundhcd , whrrr-

" t^ri.

-A

Chap. II. /^t'l:vet'» //jr Miid/fa/jn of iW^At'Unidli^^ 8X9

" Unc, ikhoujjii ilii» l« no ilmit Charge of the Huj(i /b,
" Lui ulcil by tlu; Antlwr iq Aipijly thi: W.uit ot I'rulm-
" I'ihtici iruhc J'roctU jikll.

" It will nut 1)0 aiuili) ki cxamiiic the fivcral Ciuutn-
" rtaiKts, ami how Ur they nuy yicUl any Sulpmon
" ayamll the l.u>l Enf^hjh. Now, this Auiliur laki th the
-^ i|ijuy Gruuiuls ol (his .Sulj)ui(ji) ol lunu- grtit l'!i>t
" a[;a'nt\ the I'rovincc ot" AmlT.ynn, triim the uinvuntfil
" Htiidncrii and Inlolcm-c of tlu. 7i;r«<j/(;w.j, lirl^ in ihc
•' Molutcajt and tlirr\ in Amiityiui : I'ur tliolL in the /\/»-
♦• /«fraj, hf faith, ihiy h.iJ lately Ufuii' ilip pictunileU
" Ci):)lV»f»cy ot tUc linglijb, gone alnmr, coniraiy to the
*' 'I'riaty, Aneo 1606, kiwccu iliiin ami the Ihiich, tu
" make: Ftocr wiihthi- Kiii^ol //i/d/v, aiuia Truicwiili the
" SiHiniards, without tlic Conlint or Knowlcflj'r ol ilicm
*' the Duuh ; whii ii, how hnnillly ami umlcioiialily it
" is allwJjial to thu. I'urpwic, n»ay aiipcar liy the JouniaU
" of thole I'artsi which, evidently duw, tlut thix 'Irtaty
" between thofc of 'ImuueMv^ 'iiiltri; wav in Ntvemkr,
" i(p2I 1 that is to lay, fitietn Months bdoiv thntonv>l
*' Confpiracy, aiul that with the Knowledge ol Ihuim>i)t,
*' tlic (jovcrnour of the Duiti; who, upon the 1 ijth ol
*• Novemkr, the Year alortlaid, acquaintoil M, l^lulmlj^
*' the Agent of ilir En^Iifi in thole I'artf, with the I'lc-
" paratiuns ol this Treaty, whit.li was .u'tually holdrn at
*' -tirnatt the J4th ol the .'aine Month. Utit the Mainr
" w.is lb weillianillcd by tiu- /'.//i/j to k.tp thole neu'li-
" bcur Iflajidnin |xrpctual \V,ir, that the Irraiy wasdil-
" fulvcd re injetJA ; an.l the 7th ol Dt>tmlitr lollo*in(n
" an i'did was |.ubhllicd by tiie Km^ ol •Ifrmiu; lom-
"' niandingali the 'TukriMH turthwiih to diipait the llland
" of TtriKttr, upon I'ain to be made SI ivdh,

♦' After this the Corri-fiiondt-mc bitwinn the HHUh
" ar.d 'lerttuiimo in the Mi)lu(ti:s, ifiuiiuil into as lirni a
•> State as ever. '\'\vi larmlam:*, peitminin^ daily I'v-
" pipits againft the Spaninrds, and (.oinmuiiKatinn ih«
" Triumph with the Dutch : as the lyih ol I'ihittin,
" i6a2, being a lull Year betort the leigiied 'i'lcalon ol
" the tJigltfh. The King oi ftrNatty wtih twenty tur-
M ricurries, took a Spanift>G».\\y, flew lurty in l'i|{lit, and
•*', took one hundred and fifty I'lilinurs, whom they lold '
»» to the Vuui) for Cloth and Kiic , and eominp, by the '
»' Ikllandtrs Caftlc of Miiul.iio, the iSth ol thi: lame '
" Month, with the Heads of ilnale Spamuiil, ai hii. '
" Stern, die Duui> falutcd him from their laid taille '
" with nine Shot ol }.',rcat Oidnance. The X5th ol .^»«/ •
" following, llic Admiral ol the Kmfi of I'nmUr, tooh a •
" I'row o) ilv: ^pa»i<irtij, (Uw lijine, and lold the irll to
•' the Dulch, the aSth ol the lam<- Moiiili, both J>uit>
- and Lnglijh were fealled by the King ol f'fiHuif \ the
" iSthol M;,T next enluinu, the Kini; of ^rrw.//!- wdit
" lonh to Macl/ain with fix Lurrceurrie., and in hl^ He
•♦ panure, was honoured with thirty Shot ol }>ie,it Did-
»' nance Irxn tiie Dulfb CaiHe i flic i^lh ot Juh/ tUc
" Admiral of tlit Kin^ of ■Tcrnale mailc a Voyane to.
•' wards Atindanow, carrying divede ol liie Jhihh with
«' iuin to alfift him; the 3d of y«A' the ^InmahiHti tuuk
" tlicir Priloncis and lold them to the Dinb \ ilie .'.(tli
»' of .lugujl the King of 'Itrtutii inadi one / ,(j;/<r, a
" Dklch Meithant, hu 'I'rt-afu; rr, at whole Inllaliiuni in
" his new Oihce, il.e Dutcii gave lt:vtn yieat Sliot li"m
" the CaiUc. And this goovl Correfpondena' Utween
" the 'laniatm:es and tlic Vuid> in tlie AU/ucns, contir.u-
»' cd even until, and alter tlic 1 .xecutinn oi the I'.nii/l'
*<■ at Jmveyiiii, winch w.is, a^ h.U been llie.ved, in ifiiu
" nry iiuj, N. S. upon the ivlh ol whuh Month the
«♦ DitUli pave the King of 'lenijit, and other lHaeks,
" two hundred Bales ol Japon Kice, with other |'fd<Mits 1
•♦' at the Delivery whereol tlierc were Ihot olV horn tlie
»k C'aftle Itvcn I'ieces of Ordnance, and llinv Vollif. «>l
" .Suull-Siujt; By all which may apjiear how limnely
" this Author applicth the DilVtrencc between the Ih/ih
♦' and the King ot 7>rw<».<, which was none at all to tins
;*' Bulintis at An>b<,\na.

•' 1 he nest V mt is, that the larntHmifi in ihe Moliu-
" f/»i went about aili) to make Truce with the SpiimotJi,
•• without Conlentor Knowledge ol ilu- UHlib, wheiein
" this Dcahngol the Author is woile than the loriner •,
" lor this 'I'reaty of Tiute apptiarclii by the Jouriiah. to
NvMB. Ou.

" have lieen htikkii the 19th of yuly ibz;, which was
" live Mmillu alter the I'.xccution ol th-j limflijh H Am-
*' Ixjymt, and lo lame too late to niuve .Sulpieiui, againll
" tin III \ and yet tliu prcteiidid Fear and Jealoiify of tiic
*' Muluini.i i» luitliir aiiipiilied by the Strcn^^th of tli<i
•' SpiiHt.ird, being then, as this Author aHiiineth, Mailer
•' ol the Sea tlu r : \ aiul that by ilef lult of the EngHlh,
" who, coiitrarv to the Treaty of the Y'ear 1O19, hid
" deli'iii'il the IJelence, and lint no more Ships, neither
" to the Alolu((iis, nor to the Mainilas \ whence now the
*' SpMmrili had Mraiti to fend Ships, Gallier-., and i'in-
" iiai es to the Moliinus. What the Strength of the ^pa-
" uiuiJj III the AMuciUi by Sea was at ilu' 1 ime of this
" pietended Fear, may appear, by the r''A;;luits belore-
" iliciitioneil, done upon them by the C'uriieurnes of the
•' 'liniMitiuei, without the Help of tiie 7)»/(:/j.

" Hut lor the Uelault ol the Englijh, which is hire
" odiuully alledg'tl, u vill ue reiiiiifite to fit down the
" true (.'allies whertioic luc £,«_i' ////'• relinquilhcd the Adion
" ot DiteiuT, as w,:i .It lilt yv/.iw//f?j a:. cUewlv-re, being
" a Matter iiiui h ag.;rtv,itetl i.pon all Occafions by the
" Diilih, allicijt tlvnilii/e;; have given the Caufe thcre-
" ol'. Wherclore II. ..uy, the true Motives of the £h^-
" l>jo their delilling i.om the AAiori of Defence is as fol-
" liiwetlu the i!!,'w^'///i!> iia! by Agreenlc.^t of the Council
" ol iVIenee, two Year, togetlier maintained a Fleet of
" live tall and warlike Sliijis to join with the like Strcn!!;th
" ol the Duiih lor the Acfioii of th ; A'unHuii, and the
»" I'tolit ol the Voyage, as well astim Charge to be somnion
" to both I bmpanies. I'ne Duttb prepared another Fleet of
" |i veil .Ships all of their own lor Ahuao, bordering upon
" China near the Aianiltas, without giving Knowledge
»• iluirol to the Ext^liiij at jnccatra, until their Fleet was
" ie.idy to depart thence, well knowing, that upon fueh
" Warning, it would be impolTibk fur die Er.^lip to pre-
" paiv a like Force to join with them ; To thele they ap-
" pointed eiirht I'innaccs that were then aNro.id to join
" them, and alterwards lent another Sliip " ith Frovttions to
•' ihein, Tins Fleet paffing by two 0. the Engajh Ships
'• which were appointed tor that (juart •'■ of tlie Alamlhs,
the Einhjh welcomed them, andofilred lojointhein in
their l'':xploit, which the Dutch refuled, laying, that
lliis being an F.xploit of th- ir owr,, the E:n^i.JI} ihould
neither participate of the Fadl, nor ot the Benefit that
might anle thereby. Likcwife by Agreement ot liie
Council of Defence of both Nations dieie was another
Fleet of ten Ships fet forth at tlie Cli.>r|j ot the Enghjh
.md Dutd', for the Coall of AUllabti: , to lecure t!ie
'I rade ill that Fart.

" 01 the Dutch Siiips, about a Month after they fet

' liil, two were toundto be to weak and leaky, that tlity

were t.iin to return to •Jmcatra, the rell being come to

• their (.liiarter : 'Jwo ot the lull ol ti.e Dutcb Ships were

■ lent away by the Du:ch Admiral tor the Rcd-Scd, con-
' trary to their InllruClions and Commiluoii at Jaccalre

• liom the Council of Defence ; and notwitlitlanding the

- I'lolell.itioiis, Obtellations, and I'.xclamations ot the
' Ent'i/h againll this Frtvarication -, lo that four Carrack.-;

> ot the riringiicze coming that Way, the reft ot thc
' Meet ot thi En^lijh and Dutch being thus weakened by
. the Default of 'the four Dutch Ships aforefaia, the hrlt
.' Dnpnituiuty that happened, either before or fince tlie

■ loiniin^ ot the E»i(lijh and Dutch Comp.inies, gr is ever

> hkcl/ to oiler itlelf m the future, was loft, and utterly
" deUatcd : By this it appeareth what Caule the Dutcb
^. have to complain of the EngUP for delating the Adion
'• ot Deletuc, and what Reafoii and Fncouragemciit the
» Entlijh h.ive to continue the joint Adion and Charge
>' with thole that ufe fo little Sincerity, ever cotitnvmg the
" rointnon Aftion and Charge to their priv.itc Ad vantage;
" that when the ioint Forces are emp oyed to B've the
" Fnemy Work in one Fart, the Dutch might with F^le
» opprels them in another, and ai.piopnate the whole Be

»' iielit to themftlves. , u ■ f.„.^

" l-lr next Sufpieion that thi^ Author gathereth 1 from

- the Inlbleiicies of the r.nmtoNes of Amhym dwcUing at
" Loho and CMikllo. and thereabout, who, as this Au-
" thor faith, prelumed now, beyond tormer F.xample, to
" OUtnise tlieSubjeds of the D«/./-.. Haying rhem, aiul

10 Ii ^ '■

■;' '.'i '

■> ' u

m ii

l%.-"-

Ifi^i-i ■

8(;o

. /// hijUriml A < o///// 0/ //v /A/tVt o^z/f

liook I.

ill

" firryir:; ihnw iw^y fur SIjvm i yri. hurnint', two of

•• thnr ^lf>^llr^, f>nr M /.»*», antl .inorhrr it S^tmd'r'.' ,

•• Mr which. wh'H the (Jorrtnor wmt cHit with.i l-'kftfo

" (T.ivr fiirtiic .mil Kr|4rsi;on, hf w» hrjval hy the

" lurnaianes with a llnmf^rr FIrrt thin his own . via,

•' thry thmffntil to roiflr wiih 4 hiimlrfil Currirurrit s

•• Thi< IV.il)np of the Author w likf ihf lormfT .iNnit
•• rt\r Trraty nt IVare with the Ti.itrUni, ami I'mcc wirh
•• th S'puiiatJi . ftir whfn the (Jovrmor of .Imhrna (tt
" fi>Tt 1 :ho Flrtt of Ciirn(urrtr«, b*forr the An'»«"hffi'"i''n
•* ot th? F.if;<!t>h, hr rtixwl in pm,! Trnn< with rhc Tttr»j.
•• MWJ it /j:^, neither of thr Kirtori^ here nK-ntioncil
•• being then humt. or injumi » thr tiovrrnor thrn went
•• only. ttTcn'.inp to hi* ytarly Ciilfom, to vilit thr Skirts
•* and (>iit-pift« of .1ml~yvs, ami h»^ no AfVront of^rral
•• hi -v After that upon nfcjfion of a Slave «<t thr Hnj^itjh
" thar ran away ; anil bcint; aftrrwanN laul hoKI .,n, was
*' rrfiunt bv .1 rrjMited holy Mm of, or near that Part i
*' thr fe'i*.'f/> rravril AlTii>jner of the Pir/f/' (tovrrnor,
'• who «li I his bef(, but ssas therein alnilctl hy tholt of
" J fht ; anil nnt only lomr of his Men o\itragr<f hy the
*• h.'H'.ilh Firtor. Init M. Bt-trntnl, t,i mhom tins Slave
•• txrong~;\ W.1S VNjy-lai I hy the ^^•^>ple of the holy
" Man •, 3n>l irftrj I of him one of thr S-rvants nl tin
•• /);/,'•<■• W4» fl.iin hrtwrrn CttmkrHo jnl /,.-/•.•'. The next
" Div a!! I was Bf.im:nt himfelt afTailr.*, r.^\ Hiot in t!,„-
•' Ha-Mi f^y the (ame holy Mn's I'etjple, who all<> a little
" Iwfore lii I thrir kl> t* kill H'l'iiitm Grij^f, .inoth-r o(
•« the F.'Uhfh F-'afton, thir f\nilini» the lani i>l.ive at /^ir,
•• hivi h<il on hiin ihrrr. I'pon thr* (Vt-anon K-th the
'• f f-/; > a:vl Ihn,h kf^ thrir Kaft'-ry at /^'-c, w!;ii h wj
** fhi rt'y aftir hurrt hy the Titrnai.ntfi.

" rhJt other, trrthinp the hirning the l-a<'\ory at
•' Miii^Mi, is more grof>Iy applte*! than the Isirmfr v for
•' tlut 1 a.'to'y wa\ hiriiei! after the Knglitb were appre-
" h.-n;:e(l i hc'rstn that, this Author slifTemhlrt!!, tlut
'• th're wai r. ^rlirm-nt an I rommi-m Siifpicion .it .Im-
•' Mt/t, th.n this Fjftory at M.'iichf!> wai Uirtif, not hy
" the '/j".-<».'..t.'/. hit hy the Dunh Fai^or himlnt, who
" hri-si there akinr, was firll l.iiJ f" have lonveycii away
" the (nwK^ of thr Ihiid and hi«l'fk there for his own
•' I'lr, jiul thn to have Inimt the Faetory, laying the
♦' Fact ujx n th- 7/rr«.;/.7"f' /. After thn rnifei!, the (lo-
••■ vrrnrr nf fmlr^ri naile out a Fleet (jf tuninirries to
•* prorjrr Krp. -^trtins of the!- FtrefT-', anil th-rein, not
•• pmii; lb Ihor.i; is he mi^;h', was Hir.ivtil hy thole fat -
•' Karaiif' of .ifahiii.i , !wt :Kis sra* attrr the Apprehen-
" fion anil FxetiiiKm of the lin^/tjh, ami (o is as hnnelUy
*• arpH il to movr Sulpirion in thi llacr, as the \u:r,t
•• (^larrrl of the f.H'li/lj ami jyuteb with th'ife of /.«/ j,
" hrpnnipg iijyn ost afion of the h<j^l!j% ; ami as tin-
•• Bort'ing of the F^a^ory at M,tntihtli, <tone afrpT the
" hM.!iJf> w»re apprehemk-il an.l iniprifonei!. A» fur the
*• I'hfrxs of the Tarnatiityi here inrntione'l, that they
" wmiii! come with ii hiimlreii (.iiniritrnef againO .1m-
" /•rr-.j, it 15, for I.', 'ht any of th' t 'J^ltjl cvt hr,iril, a
" mere Ftrtion \ at molf. it wis a vain Br.ig, a:v! fi;<h as
•* c-.iiiil n< r af?'rtght the (tovernor, that knoweth vi<!j tlut
" tlie •/jfW.WjxiM have no (Tt,ii-|xisviler, nor other Hrov.-
" (ions, for loch an Fjtploir •, and yrt are far hr)t)n(i the
" tiovtrnor o( .-mhryna tor Ntimlwr of Ci)rncurries, bc-
•• fid-^ the Duicb Siiipj and Cafllet.

•' Thr nrrt Caiil'e of Sulpirion thii Author makes to he
•• an idle Krjyjrt in thr Fjfl Fart^ l)eyon'l Br.nda, uncer-
" tainwhuh. or hy whotn, that the /)a,./' were already
" quit of th'ir Cafllr at .imhiym : A |«->or prrtrncc, and
" rr>t wcnhy to Ik- anlswred. Yrt flH! farther, (life over-
" inj; s»luf Penvry of good Matter this Author had, that
*' h- in' tan to botrosw f.ich rra/v Sniff. But thr UQ,
*♦ an 1 that wh: .h v, < xprefsly applied to the F.in;!t/!. !•., that
*' alx'-ir -his time thr hir/i/' iiMirtftrxKi that thulr ot luito
'"■ and Cr.mhfUo held (rrrat and fe( ret CorrrljiondriHe with
" ihr. hifiijh. I low (lid t':- /)*;<■/> iindrrKand this r or
'• why f\<>rs not this Author rxprel's the partnular Vt^A
*' in a Matter lo |xrtmrnt? It is mir, ih> hnrhjh hart
" thnr l-jctonrs at //it* aii'l tUtmhellf, Init in thr Lrne
" Mrr.ifn with tlir nut(t\ .i',d Lir iltrir (oi'it At'OUnt, and
*' iiad Trafikic -mth iltt Cyuntiy People as the Dutih

had i Imt what Irrret Corrffjiondfrrf i» this? or i
Danger to thr />ir/r* t Wm the BtirninR of ,ht hh
rie*, whirh helongetl to the Enfhjh .is wfi| „ .JJ" ^
"--/'. a Note of grx>l (nteMifrnrr between the EmU
the Im-endiarir. » What *a^ that for C-^~2 ^

and

dency with '

(Hat for Corrtlpon

7 with •!, Jr „• l4ho, wlren at one time the* ^,^
I.1H1 M. F.-*m,ff .,, kill hitn. an.! it trxAhrx sime (v/-

him in the Hatitl witu an Arrow , • %?,! to kilt /rl?
' /"»• ^^»«'. and from Time to Time tnt ,nf^\ ')
' Peopk" equally with, ami a* the Put/.' k rthVr our
' I'eople. as writ as the Huuh, now dilTiiivf,' theirVac-
' tory at //•*«, .nd were come .ill tlirmri V „ j ^j *
' or MeirajT* del they ever (cml t'iitheni!i.M..,irdsf or
' how.nrhy wh« mran< maintained thry this Crrefix,,,
' dt;ice.' Yet this was underAooil, |ierhap«, by the Go
' vemorS I>eams , for that, t^ he after« arih told Mr
;re/./,>i, /////, 1.1 Cariwrixh, that rame thither from
liitmLi, WM a Mot IS • to him to e«amine tlie firH /)«(,
' which was the Ikfrmntng of the whole FrftcelV '

" The .Author having ihtw tjsiittetl hin>lt !f in this I'fc
' fate, procrerleih to the Matter ittelf, firfl letting de,w,i
' the (Xxafion nml Manner of the Ddiovtry of this j-rj.
' tended Plot, and then the Confrtriw.v oi the "Jtifrnn't
and of the h.ftjili/t \ fnit hr ni.ik tli no mi-ntkvi of jny
Torture iiled ojion the Jjpen^fc fhi' fiifl mfeflVl, ror
of any other liidKititii or Prefoniption <n torture or
examine that 'fiif>»ntff\ Imtonly ^l^ '.nosis queftiomnc,
tombing the fitring and f hanging < t,^ '^V«th, miil of
thr Numfw •■ ol the S«iKlirrs in the v 4tlL-. whirh (hewcj
what fiifficirnt Ifidiciuns md Caoir it irtt to torture a
' 5»<' Her of thru own tlui (rrveil thiOi, hai.1 Reafon to
undrrlli- 1 till Cmirliri'l their V/atihrv, ami rhc .Strength
of the .\il he might expeiH, if any l\hld.n Art- mi t
(houki haiij*n in his Qtiartei, \\ eali y to be jiufgcJ j
and how this jxior Man, and tli ■ reft ol liis ( oi'nnTrmn
were torniml, apticareth in t'le hnf^hfl: Rdatin. Heie
alii) is conceale.l, by wh.it manner ami kiiuloftARfliunj
this and the other japywefe •a'ere Inl aliKig in their C'(in>
fedions to make up the Plot jiifl as the ntmi \\m\ ijf.
viled it , and ail(> »h.at other AnAsrrs they ni.idr befure
they were thus(hnn?ted: That they ami the AVfiV/^lHith
conlelTesl what the Dttich wmild liav; them, ij no Doubt
nor Wonder, Iving i.> tormented, and li-ired wirh Tor-
ture, ftidM iHioffitfi regi:' mrniirt M.-r. But s*'!at
I.ikelihmxl or Pt>Hiliil!r_. there ii of the I'nith of th'.T
Confeffions, if yrt they confeJTed, as is here related, mjy
appear hy i!iat whuh hath alreatly l<rf n difnuirled m
this Point towards thr End of the Englijh Relation,
which, for Brevity fake, a here forK(Tn to be repeated \
yet I'ome Circurnlfanrr*, whK-h the , 'n/r* Relation hath
more ilun the Eiigli/^\ efervc here to lv xir~*neil.
" And firrt, that of W/'r/ /V;,r, th" , ^ Barber,
who is niatle the Mellengtr ml Negotui of this
Pra^ice with t!ie Japenrft : It . true, that he, and he
a'one, of .all the Enfhft, had fome kind of Convrrla-
ti'in with fome of the 'Jafentfc, that is, woukl ilice and
drink with therr, as he hkewilc did with othei Blacks,
and with the Duld> alio : But is it credible, h.it Mr.
Taxtrfin wculd toinmit any ttiing of Monif , i ly, h
dangerous a Matter aithi^, to a drunken, drhauhetl Sot,
who alto, as thf Enghjb th.it were there lonftanrly re-
port, thrcaten<*d to cut hw, the faid Tt^vtrfcn's, Throat,
for that he had Minilhed him for his Mifdeioeanors ?
Further, this Relation maketh this AM I'hir conftfs,
that all the Elitfli/h Mcnha-its in the Ouifai'tories were
privy and accelTary to thii prctemlcd Ifalon , yet the
ficvcrnor and F'ifral, in their own Proi'-ls, touml Jeh.
Pttpfl, Eptraim Jiamjiry, and two others, guiltk:l>.
" After Pnie's ConfilTion, he lets down the general
Subftancr of all the ConfrflJons in one Boily, where,
firff, having airigneti Mr. Trxn/on a Preface to the icft,
ro imluce them to the Kxploit, he tells u*, tint fli^y
made doubt lif the Pf)int of Polfibility, a well they
might, knowing the We.ikncfs of their o.vii Part, and^
imprigiuhle Strengrh of the Dut^b, in C'ompirilbn of
tlieirs I for Safisfaftion of whith their Poi;br, lie Uith,
Mr. 'Imtrfon told them, that he hat] already *on the
'Japtneff wiihm the Cdfle to hii Purp 'le, and th..t hf
would 'attcmi't 1I.15 Matter, not svl>en thn Dut.i/ s»e:'. «
* •• thv.i

JiO()k I.

'^< -■■'^ that fw CV»,S ^
Arrow o„...;S[,?J
^r III tlwrnri V ,, I,..

('■'.'hatc.m. thithcrf •

<r"ttrrl hinx, If ;„ ,^, .,
.«l>rJ>,Uvny„f„„

""k f ' r,o nuTtion of ;„;

1 r'-(,,r„,,tK)f> m tonw or

in thr I „H,-. ,v/,„h fhfwcl
'■' ^f "^ " *»* »o toniirc u
T'TJl th. m, ha.1 R,jf;,n ,„

TV,.itihr»,an,lrhcSfnf,Rtf,
fl. ■> Jnv lihW-nAttrinrt
n, iicai.v tobf jirigj

:!tt /.•//»/? Kc»«t;.,n. Hnr
nmr.inJk.rulofUHflu,n,
'^'■'•'''''•''""RmthnrC.n.
< ruff .M ihr /VrZ, |„(i Jr.
AiiAvrr, ff,ey ,„,^j. (^f^^^^

Mhryan(lthcAW^„y*l„t|,
i'''i fi.ivf tfieni, isnoDijubt
itcil, arul I.Tired wirh Tor-
mrnnn M-r. But wlut
rr 11 of Iflf Jnithofthrir
frcf, ai is htrr rrhrrd, m.iy
»Irra<ly •<•,„ Mmw(u\ m

•>< (hf /•.;^/^;^ Kflatiup,
r for»v>rn to br rc[yatri( -,
hthc .'«/f*K< ),(„», hath
c hrn* to |v , if-ncii.
ri(f, tlir , % Bj,^^^

anil Ncgotut of tliis
: ' friiP, that ht-, and he
I fome kitul of Oirurrli-
i that n, wouM ciice jnd
Ic (lid With other Blackt,
It IS it rrriii')ip, h.tt Mr.
ling o( Mfinif I ly, ^^i
drunken, iJcImu h«i Sot,
wrrr there lonflanrly re-
fani T»:cier/e>i\, Throat,
I for hii Mifdf mcanon, ?
I rhi» JM Vnte confcfs,
n ilir ()»u-fa(.'tori« were
inilid J'fafon ; yet the
wn I*roi'-(<, f.nmd "Jeh.
two othm, priltlefv

(et>i <town the gcriiral
s in one Boily, where,
■fen a Preface to the 1 eft,
, he tells II', tint they
'oinijihty, :,i well they
1)1 t/irir u.ui i'jrt, and
utib, ill Com] .irilbn of

their I'ouht, he laidi,

c ha<J alreaJy won the

I J'urp -li-, anJ th..t hr

vhen thr Dmi/u we.', it

•• thr.;

Chap. II. bttweeft tha Inbabltam of Great-Britain, ^c. 891

thut StrcMKili, and dw /;/i;.'//i ,,t i|,e wiakelt, but
would cxi^a 1,11 the ';'v riiur Dumid be fomewherc
aliiuaU uiwn lomc txpluu, and i^nir Emlifi, .Shiuj or
bJup, at leall at yhiUx^iu, the IVopIc whrrrot U< would
UU: in tlkc I''.nter{<ri/c i bkewilc |,c wouki fend for the
tailor*, and Sl.ve... of the otlirr Faftori«. and fhould
have a Supply troni the 'VarnuiuHimi Loho i.\ atUM

" 1 kre he lutb inrolled a gixnlly Army for thi« Adlionj
hut let ui lee the Manner how they (houUl have executed
tlKir Fxploit \ and firll, for tlie Jaf^ntft m the C.tOle,
wc mull biiicvo, if this Author or his \ouchcr fty true,
thatMallii /w^r/iw iu>l acquainted thulc.and won thnu
to lu^ l'k«, lirfore he Jul unpartfd it to liiMiwn Coun-
trynien the Engl;',- -, and yet in the Adj ol tjic I'rocefs,
tmaniul llompn i.^ retordtil to liavc confeflcd, that
tmht Dayn alter th< (.onfultation, Ui[\et -Tatrfon told
1)1111, (jut he had then lent out Johnjhi am! Pn,e to
ticat with the Juttntfct and win their Conl'i nt tci this
Knterprizc -, bui whattould ihefc do.lxinginall but ten ?
Marry, laith the Relation by atid by, Maftcr Trjicrj'on
had (irdauicd tiwt tii;ht of tlicm IhouM have 1 1 ii Ik-
llowe.l by two in a Company upon tlic four I'o.iiu ot
the Calllc, to kill all thole that wouiJ refill them, and
'■> take the reft Pi.i jncrs.

' It mull l)c thcrctmr here imagined, that the V>ut(h
and their M.irdikers in the Callle, being t'lrtc or four
hundred, would ll orn to lake t!io Advantage of fending
forty or lilty, nHi,.h morr of an entire Company, to any
I'oiiit ot the Callle, but \s ild rombjc with the japoiuji
at even Hand, by two at a 'I'lmc, aiid To givr the "Ja-
/leffiiiKefpitc-to kill or take them by two, and by twoi
a lv»i.ct Conceit, and fuch a .Service as perhaps hath been
ibmetinics reprelciiii 1 upon a .Stage, but ne'vir a<fled iii
Surpri/.c of a Callle in go( ,1 Ijrneft. Thus we lee how
eight of the Japondt w -re to be employLLl, what Ihould
the otliir two have do. ; .' Forfooth, they fliould have
wailed in the (^nat Chaiiibcr to nuinler the (iovernor;
yea, but this Relation toid us, yi-t while, tliat this Plot
ihould have been exM.utcd while tiic Govii, vr was
abroad upon fonie Action How then fhould thefe two
JapGmfe have killed hiiii in the CalUe at the fame
time P

" But we fee how all the 'Japoncfc, th.it is, all the pre-
tended I'aity ot the £«^'////& within the C. Me, flioukl
have been oicvipieti, who Ihould have ()|)encd the Gates
to the EHgUibt and tin ir other Aids ? who Ihould have
killed the Court of Guard at the Gate ? Thefe Parts
wtic lift for tiiem that were without, therefore let us
laki a Review ol thcni wh.u they were. The Relation
luulhrcth them to l)c fourteen Englifh, whereof eleven
were Meiclnnts, one Steward of the Houfe, one Tay-
lor, and one Barber to drcfs the Wounds ; befides, Goii
know* how many Skippers, SLivcs, and -J'arnatanti.
iirll, for the Englijl Merchants, of what Dtxtcnty they
are to take Ports, is ealily judged •, and in all the Etig-
UJh Houlc, when it was leiicd by the Dutch upon this
pretended Trcafon, the whole I'rovifion was Init three
Swonls, two lliiid Guns, and a(>out half a I', imd of
Powder i yea, but iIk- Engiijb S\\\\s would have bi(,ut;ht
both litter Men, and better I'rovilion But how knew
Mailer -Ic-ivcrfon, that tliufe of the Eiix.'ijb Ship, when
they came, wouM Join with him in tliu Work, being
lb contrary to the Treaty, and itfelf fo d,ing;Tous ? or
why did he not Hay the opening ni" the Plot, till his
Slop or ShipJ were come, that he might fwear the
Skippers alio, at !;atl the chief OlTic.is amonjjft them,
and lake their Advice ? Is it pollible, that Mailer
7i.i'.7;in was \o iTight to open this PK.t to all tlic
En^l:;b at .■hiiioyttJ ; yea, to the Taylor and Barber, lb
long before it v.i.s to be put in I-'jcecution, aiul before
he knew the Minds of the tliiefeft Allillants, of whole
Arrival he was lo uncertain ?Vca, but he w.is fure of the
Slaves of the Eihjijh, Awl ol the liiiratr.ihs of Lobo,
with tluir Cuiruuirui ii quimlibit Evfiitiim.
" This, indeed, is the KtiViaindcr of the Army; let
us view them-, the Slaves wet..' in all the J'.iigiipj i'ado-
lies, juH fix in Numlicv, ar.d all IJi.ys -, t!ie 'l.irnauiiics
wcK Eiieiuics ,u well to the I'ji^Ujb as to tl.ts Dutch, as

" II beh.r> Ihewed, in Anfwcr to the Prrface; wjien wer«
" they reconciled ? \ >ow came rhii, that in all Sc Kxanu-
" nationi of the En^./h, this Point wa* nr.i dted, and
•• (oiiu what confclTrd of it amidll fo many lorturr* ?
•' rh( re ii no Conleinon thereof m all the Examinations
" and Mr. Tewtr/on in hi.i exprefsly denied it, and wai
" nrelTed no farther The Truth i», the Govern and
•* hifcal of ^ieyn^ knew, th.u whatever h*d lx-,i. m*
" lefTed in this Point, would not luve been lirln vcd by
" their own People there, who knew well enirti^li, that
" the firll Begini ing of this Breach with the Dutcb^imi the
•' Tarnalants of Loho, wa» about the SI ve of the Engli/h,
•' and the Outrages thereupon following were done upon
" the Etiglijb, as Will as upon the Dutch. Yet thi« An-
" thor feefiis to hope, that they may lie believed here rn
" Europe, which h.id no Colour at Ambaytia.

" Concerning the Time of rjtecuting this IMot, it was
•• not, as the Relation faith, yet prefixed, but left to the
*' next Meeting ot thr Confpirators, which (hould be
" lliortly holden, when Gabriel lowerjln had prepared all
•' t'ung' , ifc. Here was certainly a hot Pratlicc of Trea-
" iun, and worthy to I termed by this Author an hotrt-
" ble Confoiracy. They met together on Ncw-year'?-
•' day, and plotted, as is Ijelore related •, and now it was

flit five and twentieth of Erhruary, and not only nothinf>
" done all this Interim, no not fo much as a (new Conliil
" tati'in ; but this, forfooth, is the Body and Subftancc of
" the unanimous ConlefTion of all the Etiglijh by riK-ii.
" felve., Ilvtrally fubfcribed.

" In the rext jjlan-, the Author rclateth fomewhat fin.
•• guJar in M. TotLfrfon's ConfelHon, as th.it he faid hr
" was moved to this Faft by Mope and Defire of Honour
" and Profit ; and licing ilemanded lor whom he in-
" ten (d th:s Honour and for whom he meant to hold
'* till c aflle ? his Anfwer was, that if he could have com-
" palT; il his Projids, he would forthwith have given Ad-
•• vertilement thereof to the reft of his Nation atjactairti,
" which now they have chriftened Batavia, and have
" craved their Aid, which, if they had yiekled to him,
" then he would have held the Callle for the EnglijhQom-
" pany, and if not then, he would have kept it tor him-
" felf, and have ufed Means to have agreed with the In-
•' dians, and (o by one Means or other would have com-
*' pafltrd the I'.nttrprize.

*' i^I( re firft is to be obi ved, that he would not, as
" the ^ut.ior makes him Ijvak, have fent for Aid tojac-
" catiii, until he were firft Maftcr of the Caftle ; and ytt
" in the general ConlelTion before, it is faid, he would at-
*' tend the Coming of fome Englijh Ships before he would
" adventure upon the Callle. Next, let the ambitions
" and alternat.ve Refolution here faid to be confefled by
" Mafter Tipawyi//) be confidered in both the Parts thereof,
" and it will apjxrar, that no Man in his Wits would have
" any fuch Conceit as is here pretended. What Hope
" could Mailer Tow(rfon have, that the Prefident ami
" En^liJJj Council at 'yaccatra,\\v'm% under Command of
" uwDiilch Fort there,and altogether fubjeft to them,dur1t
" join any fuch ;\(5lion, thereby to give Occafion to the
" iloHttrJcrs to arrcft, torture, and condemn them of
" Trealon ?

" Mailer Tovctrfcn knew well enough, that .ibout fix
" Months before the General of the Dutch at Jitcc^trit
" had caught a very fly Occafion to entrap the En^l:!b
" Prefident there, who, having font out two of his Peojiie
" in the Night to iht Engiijb Cow-houfe, to fee what
" Watch the Bl.icks in their Service kept over their Caf-
♦' tie, the faid two Englijh were apprehended by the
«' Dutch Soldiers, kept in Prilbn feven Days, and ch.irged
" that they had faid that they wen: the round ; and one
" of them being lall examined, was told by the BaJieu,
" die Officer of the Duiib in criminal Caufes, that his
" Fellow had confefled, that they had faid, they went
" their Round, and that by the Englijh Prefident's Com-
" miftion ; and it he would not confefs the fame, he
" Ihould be tortured ; but the Fellow being conllant in
*' the Truth, came off at l.all without Torture : Yet tlni
" was Item enough to the Englijlj Prefident and Council,
" how the Intent of the Dutch was to entrap them upon
*' the leall Occafion ; and this and other daily captious

" D.'alinos

! ; ir,

SMI
*

M,l

.r I

5k ▼^r^

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1^ K^

M 12.2
2.0

Hf as.

Hi.

11.25

U 11.6

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STRUT

WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80

(716) 873-4503

Kpi

Jft hifioficaf Arofoft of the Inter tour f€

Bonkr.

KIR- :^ r-! ' t ' .

"%4

^^-^r.f

' 'J'' I r

% A

' Dealings of tlic "Dutch at Jatcatra, which wcrr too long
' here to reciti', were aU ailvcrtiftc!, from time to time,
' to Mr. TowtnaH, who thcrcfotv was furc he couki
' rx]K«fl IK) Alliil.incc from them, that were thcinfclvcs
» in luch a Prcilicament.
" The other P.ut ot Mr. Ttitt'erf:n\ Rcfoliition is faiii

• to have been to keep the Callle loi l.iinlcH, ami to agree
> with the Miant, in IX-lault of Help from tin Englijb.
' This IS yrt nvrc imprdbalile than the former : \Vi re
' the Pertugtitzi and IhJims not abl: to keep out the

• Duicb from .Imlmnay when they luil no Fo-nrng there •,
' and Ihali Captain /oTW/>i» with twenty Lng'tjh ami Ja-
' /«)»r/c, without Shipoi I'umaic, l>c alilc, witli the Help

• of the poor naked Indian.', to ilrive them out, having
' three Callles m the liland ol" Ainicyna and at (Mmbdlo
' hard by, all well furnilhed with Men and I'rovifions,
' liciidcs their Power ot Shipping, which malces them
' llilr thtmteivts lx>rd.s of the Sea ? And yet how could
' Mailer ■Jnunion hope to win the AmioyHtfK (the Hoi-
' ('j«Jir.« fworn Subj'.ctj) to his Side? He might rather
' affure himUif, that after he liad malUred iU<:HollamUr:,
' if yet that n,;ill be l)elicv'.d to be [loffible, the .May-
' nij'e woiiiil have lurjnifed him, and call him out, Ixi.ig
' (o weakly proviJed to ftand of himfelf, that lo they
' might utterly free themfclvcs fron» their Servitude :

' Here alfo muft be remarked, that this Author himlclf
in his Preamble faith, that the Indians themlilvis diirll

■ not undertake luch a great Dcfign as he there f. igneth
againtl the State of .Imhtynn, without fonie great Aid

' ol li)me Nations of Europe^ cither ot Spw.aras or Por-
t»giu/f, or foineolluri whereby is not only confcflcd
liow weak the Indtans of themfelvii are, but withal it
foiloweih, how fmall I lope Mr. •Jowtrjcn might have,

■ being ileferted ot his own Nation, as lieir the C *!' is
juit, to liokl the Caftle for himfelf by the Help of thofe
inJiaiu, if yet he could once have won it.

" In a Word, they that know the Power of the Dutch
in j4m^e\>u, and then alx.uts, and tiic Weakncfs of the
poor Indians, will judge this Conceit of Mr. to-xcrfcn^

■ to kc-cp the Caftle for himfelf, to be a mad Plot, aivi
' tor which Maftcr 'lovirjon Ihould rather have lyen fcnt
' to Btdlam, Of the DtuUn KJft, as the Dutch call it, than
' ta the Cialluws. But this .Author hath one voluntary

Cor-fefTion, U]>on whiili he takcth cfpecial Hold, to wit,

• that Mailer 'loivfr/cH, after hiS Examination wa.> finilh-
ed, being tXpoUulated with by the Dutch Governor, and
demanded wlicthcr this fliould have been the Uccom-

• {xr.ce of his (the Goveaot's) manifold Courtelits to-
wartis hini, anfwerni with a deep Sigh, Oh ' vert thit
Sfatier n«v te i.i,it JhoulJ ucvty he dene. This volun-
tary ContelFion, and penitent Acknowledgment, faith
this Author, was made the Ninth of Mard, Ixing the
Day when the l-jtecution wis to In: done, .vA the Exa-
mination ot Tcvxr/cn was ended the Twcnty-cightli ot
itfrnar}, to many Days before, lint how Ihall we U-
licve this ? I'orfootli, he hath it out ot the Ai!:ls of th<
Proccfs ot .imJxnna ; yea, but in thefc AJls arc omitted
many material Pallagts ot thele L.xaminatiori"., as is al
ready fticwni, why may they not then Ixr guilty of Ad-
dition, M well as ot Inch Mutilatio.i and OniilTion '
But let us pcfule the Words of the Act itldl, which arc
thtle ;

" We whole Names are hereunto ftibfi rilxd, i!o de
dare upon our Troth, inlleatl of an Oath, that (iuhru!
Tnefrfon, alter that he had been alrcaily examineil
touching hts fanl OlVeiKC-, and that the worrtiipful ^an
Sptult had exp<jtlulated with him thereupon, alkcd
him, whether this fhoiiiil have t)ecn the Rccompcnce ot
his Counrfics trom lime to Time fliewed unto him
the laid ftUfrfoH ? I hereu|>on he the faid Td-wtrfony
with a deep Sigh, amwcretl him, and (aid. Oh ' it this
were to be begun again, it (houLl luvcr l>c done. ,A
MM tins Ninth ot March, in (he Callle of ^-imbayna,
and fubfigncd,

" Harman Van Sptult,
. ... " iMiirenct dt Maerjthakk,

" C.'tmtnt llfrjfdicm,

" Harman Oa)^angn^
. • " Pei,r /'.!»» y.anten,

" J.an.irt C.'wt.

" Thus we I'ef flu: Ail itli-lf, and this rretcnded volim
t.iry ContcfTiun of Mr. 'routrjon, which is not deliver-
ed upon th( Credit of the C(Hirt or Council at .imioy.
Ht), but uixjii the Att'.tlatinn or Affidavit of the Gover-
nor, and live others, the |irltici])ai Aflors in this bloody
Tragedy i and this not upon their Oath, butufonthnr
Troth, or lionrrt Word, forl'mth, inlUad ot an Oath.
The Time when tin le Woriis were uttered by Mr
Tc'dxrfon, is init ik ("eribed by the Day when he Ipakc
them, but only by the precedent Att of his Examina-
tion i and yet the Cin i.nillance of Time is not only .m
iifual and tullomary S^K .unity, and requilite in all Uich
Att.-llations, but ain> in a Bulincfs of this Natuie alto-
gether necclliry, as likewif? in thi.^ Cile that of the
J'l.ice was -, for if thefc Words were fjoken in the Place
of Torture, or incontiniitly after tHe I'jtamination end-
ed, they arc by their ovn i .iw ctl'dncd no more vo-
hinciry, tlwn the Cfinfe'fion upon tiicR.uk itfelf: Nii-
tlur yet doth this Attdlauon atlirm, that this Contif
lion was voluntary.

" But this Author, unconfcionably reporting the D.ite
of the .•Xttcllation tor the Time of the Confell'ion, collecls
it to \k vol.mtary, becaufc, as he faith, it was made
the Ninth of March, being (n many Days nfter his Ex-
amination, which was taken the iSth of Pchuary -, can
a Man attcft nothing but what w,is done uprn the vriy
Day when he nukcth Affidavit ? The Att-flatiun fititli,
that thefc Words were Ijiokcn by Mr. Tc-Tarfon, aft'.r
he had bern already examined ; why may not that rather
h.ivc been upin the very Day of his I''.xamin.i:ion, than
u|X)n the Day when diis Aft was entred, if yet he tva
fpake any fuch Word.s, or meant them, as he is hen;
interpreted, the contrary whereof is the more p!ot'.iblc,
by all the Circumtbnces of tliis Bufincls truly let down
in the Relation of the Englifl).
" But in that this Author makes fo much of this poor
Circumflance of Mr. tovitrpitCf, Profeflion cf Sorrow
for what was done, naming it a voluntary Contef^ion,
it is plain how dellituc he was of voluntary CoiiteirKms
and of all true and concluding Cirrurnltancis. What,
was then not a Letter, or other Paper to b<- found in
all the Cherts and Boxes of the tn^lijh, \o fuddenly
feized at .Imhcyna, Lariu, Hitio and Lamldlo, to uil
cover this Treafon ? Nor amongll fo mai.y Andni-
plices of diverle Nations, a falfc Brother to txtr.iy the
reft, and to accufe tliem voluntarily, bur the Procels
mull Ixgin with the Torture, and the HiaiiiensCon
fcfTions upon Tortuie be futlicient to tri ij Chriftians
to Torture.

" That iltbauched and notoriruny infamous Perfon
(fuch as Prict was) to draw T .I'lre upon the lobei,
orderly and uit/mtcd ? And yet this Relation irfi-if con-
feffcth, that Price'i ConlrfHnn was dr.iwn trom him by
the Examiners, fpecifying of Place, IVrlon and Time
unto him ; certair.Iy one of th' ir own N.uinn had Rea-
fon to ailvift- thar ir.orc AdvoiaP : mi^;!ii b; fent over
to the Inditi to aid the accufed, to make a lr[';nl An
fwer ; for, faith he, they go to work there fo vlllainoully
and murdcrouOy, that tliC Blood of the poor People
cricth to Heaven for Vengeance. But why have we
no Particular of any Man'i ConfefTion hut this of Pricf
and Mr. Tcvcr/on, and all the rcfl lilemled topthfr h\
one Boily ? Did none of ail the rell [',-> farther than his
Fellows, or confefs moi\r than they ? Where is Shar-
rcck'i Cunfifrion, that lie was at Atibcyna u])on New-
Years-Day, when ten or twelve of the Dutih them-
fitlvf $ witncffed he was at Ilitti f Where is his Conl'ef-
fion of Clark's IMot to go to Mnaajf-ir, to deal with
the Spa.-.iardi tlierc to come and mb the Inull I.ieio-
ries .' Where is Ldhns's ConfrlTion ot another Plot
about two Months and a half Wore his I-'xamiration,
undertaken by Thcmfi.n, Jchnfcn, Price, Brc^ti, lar-
Wo and himfell ? Wlicrc be the leading Interrogatories
that ilireiflcd them to the Accufation framed by the
Dutih, lell otherwife there had Ix-en as many fcversi
Trealons confcfTed as Perfons examined ? Not a Word
of all this, nor ol a gicat dial more ol this kind, xvlmli
is here in England pn^ivcd by the Oath of fix cndiblc
P'crlbns to have pafTcd in the Examinations, whereby
i " apptaret.'i

Hookr.

thisprotontledvohin-

which K not dflivcr-

or Ccur.cil at .imio,.

Iffiiiavit of the QoWr.

I Artor'i in this bloody

Ojfh, but upof) tin It

'. iiilUad ot ail Oath

were uttfri'(i by Mr"

<•• n.iy when he Ip^kc

•Vt ot hi? Ixitnma-

1 1 line is not only ,,„

nd rrquKitr-inalllml,

"! "f this Natiiie alto-

thi. t'.ilf that ot tlie

re fiokcn in the Place

the l'.xaminatton end-

H'cmcd no more vo-

tiic Hack itfelt : \,i.

ini, that this Contil-

Y rf|iorring the Due
hcConfcliion, collcds
ic IJith, it was made
ny Days after his hx-
Sth ol' h-huary \ can
s done upcii the- v, ly
The Attdlatmn (ku!,,
' Mr. TcTfrfev, aftvr
ly may not that ratlici
is I-'xaminntion, tlian
entred, if yet hv twr
them, as he is here
is the more pi()t\3l)Ic,
ufincls truly In down

b much of this poor
Pl-ofefTion of Sorrow
voluntary Conftnion,
•ofimtary Coiiloirn.ns
irriunlbnccs, What,
'aper to b<- foupii m
J^".?/'/, (() fiiddiiiiy
and CamliHo, to ui|
(t lo maj.y Aiconi-
Jrofher to lutray tin-
iJy, but iIk- l'r(H.cls
t the Htainens Con
to tri g Chriftiai'

ly infamous Perfon-.
';re upon the foU-i,
is Kijjiion ifffif con-
tir.iwn from him by
', i'lrfon and Time
ivn Nation had Uca-

mi^'Jit h': ftnt over
a make a Ir^^l An-

thcrc (b villamoufly
of the por People

But why have we
on but this of Prut
blended tof>fthfr in

[',T farther than hi-;
y ? Where is Sbar-
tjibcyna u[K)n New-
f the Duuh thrni-
^'here IS his Confcf-
ajf'ir, to dtal with
lb the linali I-afto-
n ot another I'lut
re his I-'.xaininatKjn,
V;.v, Brmit, Jar-
ling Interrogatories
ion framed by the
en as many fc veral
ined ? Not a Word
ol this kind, wlmh
•ath of fix credible
ninaiions, whereby
" app.tartth

Chap. It. between the Mabitants of Great-Britain, ^c.

•< appeareth how Faithftillr the T>HUb at AnAoyna have
" entred the Afts of thi.1 Procels ?

«♦ Well, at laft he concludes the Narration of the Con-
«» fefTions with the fumming up of the Number and Na-
'• tions of the Parties that had thus cot>fefl«l, which he
'« faith, were ten Japonefe, fourteen Eitglifl>t txiA the Ne-
•• tbtrlandijb Marnicho, or Captain of the Shivis; by which
•' laft Words, he would give the Reader occafion to think,
•' that this Faft was fo clear, and their own Proceeding^
«' fo even and juft, that they had executed one of their
" own Nttbtrlanders for it j which how true it is, isalrea-
•» dy declared in the Conclul^on of the Englijh Relation.
•' The Truth is, this Captain of the Slaves was of the /*«r-
•• tugunt Race, and born in Bengal; hisver/'Name, /hi-
•' piftin Perez, (heweth he was no Netherlander.

" Having thus finifhed this Relation, this Author pro-
•• ceedcth to a Difputation, and taking Notice of tome
•' Afperfions in England caft upon thele Proceedings at
«' Jmboyna, he divideth them into two Head* ; the one,
" that the Proccfs was without its due Forniality, the
" other, that there was Ekceft and Fjttremity ufed againft
•' the Confpirators. For the Point of Formality, he firft
" taketh gieat Pains to prove, that the Formalities of Pro-
•• ceffcs in Amttyna, are not therefore unlawful, becaufc
" they agroe hot with our Form in Englandi 'which La-
" bour he might have fjiared, for ho wife Mart will deny
" him this Point ; and filch is (hall be fo ignorant as to
" blame the Bmcb for varying from us herein, were not
" worthy the anfwcring. Herewithal alfo.'he deduccth
•• the Title of the Lords the States- General to the Sovc-
" reignty oi Ambeyna, and fo the Governor oX Amboyna's
•* Junfdirtion in Caufes as well crin-'nal as civil to be
" rightly grounded. Thence he concludes, that the Ja-
♦' />(«»iy^ being fworn Servants to the D««i», and in their
*♦ Pay, were fubjcift to the Jurifdiftion of the Duleh Go-
•' vcmor. Then he tellcth us, that the Author arid Ac-
" complices of Murder and I'rcafon, are by the Laws of
" all Nations to be puhifti^d *rith Death ; alf-which Points
" may be granted hiiti ^thchJt any Prejodirc to the Caufe
" of the Englifl} in this Qoeftion. At laft he comes in
" Partrcular to their Cate, and affirms, that the Chief of
" the Engtijb there might not apprehend the Englijh Ac-
" complices of this Confpiracy, becaufc themftlvcs were
*• Accomplices of the Faft \ all which alfo may be grant-
*' ed in this Point of Apprchenfion and fafe Cultotly •, but
•' how it may proceed in the Point of Cognizance, fliafl
•' be anon in due Flare examined.

" In the mean time, this Author, to make the Point
" of Apprchenfion clear beyond Exception, faith, that
" the Englifl} were not apprehended upon the firft Sufpi-
*' cion, when yet there was Evidence and Indicia fuflici-
" ent to it. But after the Examination of ail the Japo-
*• ne/f, and their joint ConfelTion, that the Englijb, whom
" they fpccified by Name and Surname, moved and hired
*' them to this Trcafon : Yea, not until Mel Price had
*' alfo confefTcd as much, and that all the Englijh in the
*' Out-Faiflorics were privy thereunto. For Anfwcr
" hereof, that muft be rc|ieatcd, which hath been upon
" other Orcafions before alledged, that the fitft Beginning
" of the I'rocrfs was by the Torture, there being no liif-
" licient Kvldence or Indicium to torture the Japoncfe,
*' that only Ib-ight to inform himielf of the Courfe of the
" Watrli, and of the Strength of the Caftic, where he
" himfelt was a Sol tier, anil lb the whole Scries of Exa-
" inination proceeding from the Confeflion of one toi--
" turcd Perioii, to apprehend and torture another, with-
" out other Evidence, though it brought forth more Con-
'« felfions, and thofe with Name and Surname, and other
" C irrumftances, according as the Interrogatories or Direc-
*' tones ot the Governor and Kifcal led the Priloners, was
" wholly againft all I.aws of Tortures." Silicet in fabricu
*' / frina eft reguii prima. Cetera mendefe fieri, atque
" eb}ipa tiffejje, ejl.

" But here muft be anfwtrcd an Obieftion, that may
" be mailc againft this from another l^art of this Rcla-
" tion , that is, that fotne of the Englifl) confclfcd with-
" out, or b«-t(ire 'I'orturc. Yea, this Price here menti-
was either not tortured at all, or very lightly •,

oneil,
yea,

N f M t

but he w.H Ihewi
l.XI.

d the tortured Bodies of the >por "

Japtnefe, martyred with Fire and Water, aiid toldi
(hat unlefs he would confcfs that which they told him
they had hrft confefled, he ihould be tortured as ill, or
worfe than they. This Fear of Torture is by their
bwn Law equalled to the Torture itfelfj and confc"
quently the ConfefTion thereupon, made no better In-
dicium, or Evidence, to bring another Man to the
Torture, than the CunfefTion made upon the U.ack it-
felf. Again, it muft be herexemembred, that Hid ve-
ry Matter of Pri«'s Confeflion • here mentioned^ to
wit, that all the Englijh Merchants of the Out^f afto-
ries were privy to the pretended Trcafon, was confuted
by the Procefs of the DA/^i^'thcmfelves, that found
Powel, Ramfey, and two othas of thofa V^Xovm
guiltlefs. :' . , ..

" Next, this Author taketh Notice of an OlTJeilion
^adc in England againft the JurifkJi^bn of the Dutch
Governor, and his Council at .<^^«;j, over the £;/-
glijh'ihnfy bccaufe this Power is liy the Treaty of the
Year 1619 difpofeil of, and' agreed to confifl in the
Council of Defence of both Nations at Jaccatra \ for
Information in which Point, this Author fiiith, he hath
perufed over all the fcveral Articles in the faid Treaty,
and findeth in the twenty-third Article, that the For-
trcfTes were to remain in the Hands of them that then
pofTcfred them-, and in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and
fifteenth, that the Council of Defence hath no other
Power but only over the Fleet of Defence, over the
Commerce, and finally, to tax the Charges of Main-
tainance of the Forts -, but he could not foe the tliirtiech
Article, which orders that all Dilputcs that cannot be
decided by the Council of Defence, fhoulvl be remitted
into Europe, firft, to the two Companies there, and in
Default of their Agreement, to the King and States %
why then was not this Difpuce fo proceeded in? There
is nothing in the former Articles to hmit the Council of
Defence, and tliis general Article appeareth to be add-
ed by way of Ampliiication, to provide for that which
was not particularly and expreisjy cared for in the
former, which is moft plain by the Words of the Ex«
planation upon this thirtieth Article, agreed upon at
the firfl, and fubfcribcd by the CommifTioners on both
Sides, jtnno 1619, where this Courfe of Proceeding is
exprefsly dircdai, not only in Difputes about the Mean-
ing of the Articles, but alfo about any other Matter
happening in their commcice abroad •, fince which alfo
the King's Majefty hath, upon a fmallcr Occafion than
the Life of his Subjedfs, clearly declared himfelf in the
Point of Sovereignty, that both Nations in the Indies
fholild wholly lay afide all Pretence thereof, which De-
claration was lent to the Lords States-G( iieral, and by
them accepted before this bloody Butchery was exe-
cuted. But if it were granted, that the D«/(:iJ'Wcreabfb-
hitc Lords of their i'artiiers the Englifl) in thofe Parts,
without relpedf to the Treaty, yet at kaft the Dutch
in jlmhcyna were l)ound to obferve the l^iws ot the
Uniud I'mviru:-:!, for lb faith this Author himlVlf. Do
thele allow to bepin the Procefs as to the Torture , and
to bring Pcrlbns of lioncft Fame to the Rack upon
others Confeflion made iii the Torture? Dothtir Laws
allow of the leading Interrogatories above-mentioned,
to dired the Prilbner what to fay, to avoid the Tor-
ture, where, in the United Provinces, is that drowning
with Water in Die? Or the Torture with fir; ufed to
Johnfon, Them/en and Clark f Orcfpccially the fplitting
of their Toes, and lancing of the Breaft, and putting
in Gunpowder, and then firing the fame, whereby the
Body is not left intirc, neither for Innoccncy nor Exe-
cution ? Claris and ^Ibcmfon were both fain to be carried
to their Execution, though they were tortured many
Days before.

*' Lallly, their Confefllons were contradiftory, appa-
rently falfe, and of thii.gs inipoflible to be done, much
lefs praiJ^ifcd before by the laid Parties, and therefore
ought not by their Law to have been believed, nor the
Priloners to have been condemned thereupon, without
other liifRcient Indicia, or Evidence lx;fides. In the laft
Place, this Author handleth the Excels of Torture, where-
of he taketh Notice, there is muctt Complaint in England,
lu S •> <nJ

ijEli

■s) !»'

li n

I Iii

\-M

f '3!

894

Jn hlflorical Account of the Intenourfe • Book I.

Ili

^m':%

«« ami faith, tliat tl>e l-ords Suto-Gcncral took great
•• Care to intbrni ihcmfcWei o» all the PaflTaget in this
" Bunncli, anil to tlut End delired to fee all the
" Letters, Pieces, anil Fapen, that concern this Proccl's,
•' by which it ap(>eare(h not that there was any cruel I'or-
•> ture ufcd. Ekit ftippuiie the Acts made nu mention o(
" them, is it any marvel that the Authors of this mur-
*• deiQUs and lyrannow Proccfs, being ilKmlclvcs tho
•' Pcrfoivi that allu formed the AiiU, wouU omit thole
" things thac made againll them I
; ** It is tu be prefumcil ally, that the AAs kept by their
t"^' People at PJnvty in iltfiN^, have omitted many things
•• ot" their Proct6 againft .the poor foUrctfi, whon) in
»» .ifg^ 1622, being about fix Months before this iucu-
•' cution of the Engiijh, their Governor there ufcd in like
*' Sort as like Governor, of /imlnvi4 did the Ji^/ijh, anil
•* gave him a Model arid Prcfident of this Proccfi, which
>• it will not be aiuils tu relate briefly, bccauie this Au-
" thor in tlie next Place aiiedgcth the merciful Difpofi-
" tion of the yttbcrl^miijb Nation in general, to infer
»* thrnce, that it is thtr^toic unldicly, that their (jovtr-
>' nur at .ini>9jn4 was fu criKl as is rcportcvl in Ln^lanJ.

•' /'fiirM'T, ontofthclrtiindso^"A»*«/j, wasin I'ujfcl.Loii
M o( the Jij^'-jb at the. l\iuc <>» the Treaty ^hh^ itiq,
i»7 aiul by AgrcttT^iu «»as to remain tliciri.
1. " After ttjc 'Vrcaty came to the ludia^ the Dutch for-
>'' bore the puUithing tlicKuf m ^\t lUanils ut BanJa, unul
f** Uk/ hatl ukru ftlaroa* , Ihic kitowing that it niutl be
.V (Vllured again, arconiing to die 1 rcaty, tlwy firtl uke
;«t all G iufc& (o make tix- Mand liuk or nothing wurth.
/• ( hcydcmuidli auddvfacr the Oiiilding,tranfplant the N u(-
^H nKgirecs, pivcWig^thcm up by the Hoots, and carrying
'/»• them into tlvcir own Wands of Soa and VtUwoy, there
•> to be (4anadifwr,tiKmfrlvcr, and at kail Hnil a Mran&
'• (o difpcoplc the Illar.d, and to leave it fo as the Ej^li/h
•' might nuke no Uic uf it, worth thtir Ciuige ut krrpirg -,
" and that upon this Occ.iiion was a young M^tn, the Sun
** of an Oiankey, or a Gtntleinan in /Wdr«(*, tiiat had
*' committal Felony, for whkh, by the Ijtws uf his Coun-
** try, he was to die. This Frlkjw., to favc his Life, ilcd
*• to anutiier IHand ot HJiiJa, called R^ngingy and there
'• turned Cluiltan \ but c^ujckjy uoderllanding chat that
" wouki not m.tkc him lafe from Punilhmcnt, he went
" baik fccrctly miu his own Country uf PakrtiM, and
" having lurkrd there for two or three Days, took hu Pal-
" (iff: lor AVrj, aiM>ch«,r liluml wiiere the Duubhiva
•♦ Fort, and told the Du tb Liovtrnor, that the Orankiyi
** of Pela')»i, hail conli^ircd t > nuliacrc the Duuh as well
" at FiUrecH as at l\!i,v:tj, v^iih lielpuf the People of
" Siren, that ll;oiild fend over tl;irty Ciirricurjirs for that
" Pur(>ofc. Immediately u|)<)P. thii Indicium ot this Ma-
" lefador tctam Prows or Filherbuais ut ilie PtUrooni
'• tlut Wire lifliing at Ptivuntj wire feized, and the Pco-
" pie made Pnfoncis, Comiiund was iVct by the Dutib
" (iovcrr.or to Polar itH, that the Orankrys mould come
" over tu him, that tlKtc miglit Ik farther Imiuifuiun
" ma ic of tlus Matter.

" I he Pricft ot the Pelaretns and ftventy Orankcys
" uiAantly took a Prow, or fmall VrflVI of diuir own, and
" embarked thcinKrIves lor Piltuay. As they were at Sea,
" and yet out of Sight of tlie DmJf Calllr, ilicy were met
" by a Filhing-buat of BdmiaMtz^jy and told how all the
♦* relt were appithcndtxi, and that ii they went to Poto-
*' urf;', they were all tui dead Men. Nevcrthilcfs ihc
'* Priril and the ici>, although they had Space and Means
*' 10 liavc eIi:a(X'd the Serau, and other Places fafc enuugh
" from the Dufib, yet were fo comident of their Inno-
" teiuy, tiiat thiy would needs go to PeJuMoy to {xirgc
" themlilvci, where, as loon as they arrived, they wtre
" uiOar.ily eaintd Pntuners to the Callle, and withal tlie
" G ivrn.i.r, wirh a Forte of two hundred Men, went pcr-
_ •' lu.iiUy for PaUnan, whence lie lettlied all the re(t of
■ /' th-r Orankty% ar.d biouglit iheni Prifoncrs to ihc fame
. " Callie ; As loon as thry were cume, tk-y were prefeiuly
" brought tj the Torture of Water and Fire, even in the
:' UiiA i°^[[ Uut our People were afterwards at Amieyna,
•' only li-ieintlilitring, iliatof iboteof /"e^vT)', two were
. *' fo loraiftd, (lat tliey died 111 tiieir Iiirtuns ; the reft
..•• bet: g one hunixcd audlixiyiwo Pcriuni, were all, upon

" their own forced ConfeOiont, condenined and executei'
** The Prieft, when he cam* to the Place of Lxccmiop
• fl^ake thefe Words in th« MtUym Uongue ; All *e
" great z\yX fmalU rich and poor, black and white, look
" to it, wc h«vc committal no Faulu and when lie wouM
•' have fpoktn more, he was taken by the Flands and Feei
" laid kkmg, and cut in two by tive Mkldk: with a Sword ■
•• forthwith the Governor caulcil the Wives, Children'
•• and Slaves of thofe of PtkrMn to be aU catrieil oiit ol
" the Ifland, and dillriUuad in other Illands kibjcft to tin-
" Dutib, and lb have made a clear Country for the Eiir-
" lijb, where they may both plant and gather themfclvis
" dertitute of the Help of any of the Country People^
" without whom neither the Biglijh nor tlic liiu<h can
*• maintain tlieir Trade in the Mm \ and yet this is not
" here recited, to the um^ thereby to charge the l^nbtr
" lanJtr'i Nation with thofe ciuel Proceedings, but tlii"
'• Peifuns themfelves tJut have committed tlielc barbaron-.
" Tyrannies, wJio, il' we (ball believe an Aiuhu of ilidr
" own, are not of tlie bell of that NatH>i:.

" For the Majttu as this Author layi, ufe t!ie India
•• as a Tuckt-houi; , or Bruic«ti:l), 10 manage tlieir unruly
" and. unthrifty Children and Kindretl, whom, when tlu-y
" c.»nnot rulp and order at Iwnif, they l<:nd tu the hAie<,
" wIkjc theji arc prcftrred t«» Ol^et and Place* of (,o
'» VKrnraen? \ y«» f->it*» he, they prefer AkJ^ to be I'ltak
" tlKic a4 never law Stii^y nur Law » fo that it ii 1.0 ir^
" vcl, that liich Vetluns i)roceed not witjt tjui Jultue
" anil MoiirraDon as is ufcd generally in tiic L«w Ccuiitri,\s
" by tin; Choice ol the Nation there i and this ajjjtedi
" well with the Report of our Merchants of Ciedit thitc
" came lately from /Ak%m, wlio avert, il»K exci-ptin^
*' tlu- Governor lumlllf, who is well llept m Ytars^ o[ tlic
" rell fjf the Council there, as well tnc F|ii,«t a» others,
" thet<; was force any that tiod Hair on their Facts t yet,
*' that mod of them arc kuit, druiiken, d<;hauclKd Pci-
" Ions, and yet mud be ji^lges, as. well «f our £a^/r^ as
" the poor Jadiatu there. .Now to ntturn to titis Author's
'* Proofs, that there was no Kwpels u<«d in tlic Pcoccrd-
" ingt, at the laft he takcth one Argumeni by way of
" Comparifon from the l^w of EttgUad to prcls Men 10
" Death, whkh, he laith, hath much ntorc Cruelry ilwit
" their Courlc of Torture udd by tite DuKb in ^ukymi,
*' and is hoUen, as well by fomc Authors of ourownN*.
** tion as others, for damnable. Flow penmcnijy is- this
*• Matter of preliing alledgcd for juftifying their Tutures,
" fince no Nlan in En^lami is preflwd for not conldl-n^,
" which is the Cauli: ol the Torture with the Duiiii i Buc
" tlie Caufc why any is preflcil ij, for tliat iu: oblliiratuy
" refufis the Trial of his Country, and citaileng^ih the
" Judges as UKompctent, which the Law appoiiwedi hin,,
" which he dotii for the moll part lofave liu ( j-joils, w liith
" but by tlut ordinaiy Courfc of Trial cannot be toiiil;
" catc i what is this to the Point of Conlelliun ? tor !<«.•
" fufil whereof the Duttb utc the 1 orturc, ami yet no
" Man blamcth them for proceeding aieoniing to ilic Law
" of their Country therein, nor yet in their Lxeeutiou,
•' when they break the Legs, Arms and Tliigli'. of die
" Malefatilors, and then ftt them upon a Wlicel on the
•• F.nd of a great Pole, there to languilh to Death, au
*' F^xecution tar more ducful than ttic Englijh prellim^
" which is fo fuildenly done, and io f.liium uled,

" But why doth he nut name the Author uf our own,
" or foreign Writcis, which condemn this kmd of Lxecii-
" tion ? Let him do it yet, and he thall have more Au-
'* thors of his own Country that (hall condemn ilicir Cuurl-
" of Tortures, and yet litc Eaglijb complaui not of th.-
" Courk- in general, but ofthc unlawlul Ufe uf it, ton-
" trary to tlic Laws even of the UiiittJ PmiHui. Lallly,
" in this Point tlic Author pretendeth, that htile or .10
V Torture was ufcd in this Procefs. What the Toriurr
" was, and in what Dcgnc, appears in the Euglfjl/ Kela
" tion i but he can tind little or nunc mentioned «u tli"
" Ails. What if he will not tind it ? or what it their Ol
" hccrs at ^iminna have concealed it? Shall we not be-
" licve thofc tiut fuH'ercd it themfelvo * Shall wc not be
" Itevc thofe that being themfelvcs acquitted, yet heard tli
" Cries, and faw the Bodies of Jchnfen, Qark, and Thti:.-
** foM, atxl^va Qonfirtned their Relativn bv tiieir corpor..i

" Oatl.. ;

Chap. II. hctween the Inhabitants of Great-Britain, ^c.

'Ci ? Shall wc not be

♦» Oaths ? As fur the K&. of the five and twentieth of Ft-
•> bruaryi which this Autlior hath here iranfcribed, it can-
«• not be a true AA i for therein it is faiJ, that that Day
•• all the EngHJh were examined one by one, and (bme
» before Torturf) and fome alter, confefled the Fa£t :
» Whereaa it appetreth not only by the EngUjb Rolation,
" hut by this very Author in the precedent Pagr, that
•' they were not all examined the fame Ave and twcnrieth
>' Day of Mrnary^ but that the Examination continued fix
«' Days (father, eveit to the third of Martb inclufive.
'• How then could the Aft of the five and twentieth of
" Fiknufy have all their Confeflions i By this may appear
•' what Credit may be given to thofe Adts, or clfe to this
" Autiior.

" Here alio by the way, he tells w of the Deliberation
" of their Council, whether the Punilhment of the Vit\
'• might be refpiicd, or the Caufe removed, wherein it
" was refoivcd, that Eiiecutbn muft needs Ix done in the
•• Place of the Delift for Examples fake, and might not
" be rtf 'ted, for fear left the Confpiraton, ai he terms
" them,' might luve more Dependencies than yet were
•' known, ami in particular the Ttnuttttti^ and other In-
" Hans about AiwriM \ a poor I'rctext, as if having all
" the Etglijh in Irons aboard their feveral Ships, ihcy
" (liould need to tear tlieir joining with the T»rimt«nei -,
" tmt it may be, they tearcil limie £ff]^/i/& Ships alfo to
" cume thither, for fo they had made their own people
" believe, and therefore two Ships being deliticd at Sea,
'' the Dttltk and tlicir free Burghers cried out, thtt there
>' were the Englijb that ihould have holjien to take the
" Cartle I but when thry arrived, they proved to be two
" Ships of tht Dmtb conw from JaitiUrt, wherein was a
•• Letter from the Prefident of the A>»jf///6 there to call
•• away Ca|Kain Ivwtrjttti and all the EHglift) from Am-
" b«m» tb 'J«<calr«\ which Letter was 0|K-ncd and read
•* by the t>»i(b Governor, while our People were yet in
•' Prilbn, and not executed, and might well have fecured
•• him, that there wa* no nirther Danger to be feared of
" the Eittijh Aids of Shipping, wliateverthe Erti>lijb Pri-
^ ibners nad through Torture confcdcd. At lalt the Au-
** thor comes to the Sentence itfelf, tranfcribing out of the
" A^t of the ninth of Mtrck^ that the College of Judges
" being tlien competent, and calling U(x>n the Name of
" the Lord to alTill them in this mournful Alfemhly to
'• prcfide in their Hearts, and inCpirc ,'hem with Equity
«' and Juf^ice, proceeded to Sentence, tfr.

" Who knoweth not Iwi the AA may be thus formed,
** and yet no Prayer at all made f Or, if there wcry any
♦' fuch Prayer, yet the Proceedings, well weighed, will
*• fhcw it to be but like Jiz,ibtl\ latl, the Preparative to
" the faife Judgnirnt ag.iinll Nutnt. Neither will the
" wife and indirfereut Judns of this whole Matter con-
" ceive the betcer of the Caufe, for «he hypocritical For-
'* malities therein obferved. laid uf all, he concludes his
•' Trcatife with a Juftification, Yea, an Elogy and Coni-
" meiidation of the whole Proceedings of the I)uiib at
" //mMMia agalnll the Knulijh, not finding the leart to be
" blamed ttj the Du'cb, but ttj',gravating the Crime of the
" Enilijh very ruiiitiluuny, bccauli:, furfooth, that this
" Plot, amongll other I'hings, was againd the great
" Means of tho Nrthtrkmls E»Jl- Mia Company, as if a
" Confpiracy to rob thrm mull needs Ik 'I'realbn ; or if
♦' the Intent only, in any Crime but Trealbn, were capital.
'' Thus have we examined this llraineii Juftitication of
" thit bafe and execrable Protcfs of /tmbeyiu, confining of
•• a Preamble full of falfe and tbrged Sufpicions •, a Nar-
*' ration of the Fatft, firaught widi ridiculous Abfurdities,
" Contrarieties, and Imp«>n\bilitii-s, and of a Difputc of
" IiniHirtinentes, with Concealment of the main Ciroumls
" of the Eiiglijb (irieh: All whith verilieth that of Pa-
" piman, thai I'aric ides are more eafily committed than
" defended." This iWwer it lb clear and full, and we
have already fjient lb much Time, though I think not
nwre than it delervcd, upon this AHfair of AmboyHa, that
I am very willing to conclude it, which I ihall do with this
fingle Kemaik, which 1 conceive has not been made be-
fore, and which I pcrfuade myfelf will frt the whole Affair
in a much clearer Light than it has hitherto llooil in.
The Gcniiij of the Vvub Natioti, am! of ti^tit'HflJt^fniHa

Company, was Gain at all IsventB, and no Matter at whole
Expence. The Genius of the Dutcb Government at
home, was fto live fair with her Neighbours, and by
fmooth Language, high Profeffions of Friendfhip and rea-
dy Compliance in Trifles, to fecure their Proteftion, and
command their AfTillance. It was this Difpofition in the
laner, that engaged them to make the Treaty m'ahCreai-
BritaiH in j6r9» by which there was a fort of Union' made
between the two Eaft- India Companies.

This was what the Dutch Company diflikedt Jnd re-
folved not to bear, which induced them to frame and exe-
cute that barbarous and bkxxty Contrivance at jt/nhyttay
which anfwered their Ends cf!c£tually. For, firft, it abfo-
lutely dipped the St.ites-Gcnera^ in their Quarrel, the
firft QuelTion in the Difpute being this, whether the Go-
vernor, of Anioyna, by Virtue of the Authority derived
to him from them, had any Right to proceed i^ainitthe
Eng/i/b\ and next, it totally deftroyed all Contidcnce in
the I'reaty, and obliged the Englijh Eaft'India Company
to abandon the Methods prefcribed by it, which turned
them out of the Spice Trade entirely, the great Thing
aimed at by the Dutcb, and which they never otherwilc
could have arconiplilhcd.

9. The Death of King Jnms happened in a very (hurt
Time after rhis Misfortune, and the Troubles of various
kinds, which viry early diftutbed the Reign of King-
Charlti I. put it out of his Power to purfue that Matter as
he licms to have intended ■, for, in the Beginning of his
Reign, he granted letters of Rcqueft to the States-Gene-
ral for obtaining SatisfatEtiop, which, however, had not
their EfTift, neither did the King purfue thac Point any
fiirther •, the Reafbn of which I prcfume to have been this,
thar, finding other CaidL"; of Complaint againft the Dutch,
he aljlblutily determined to leffen their Strength as a ma-
ritime Power, the rather, becaule he .found tlicm joining
with the Frttich, in order to the Execution of a Sihenio
which they have had always in View, of dividing the A'/s-
nijb Low-Countries with Frame, and then difputing, in
Confederacy with her, the Sovereignty which the Enghlb
claim over the Narrow Seas. This King Cbartts I.
faw, and determined to prevent i and in order tn:;rcti), found
it neceflary to lit out a Fleet, which induced him to de-
mand Sliip-Mon'-y i and that began tlufe Contufioiis,
which ended in the Ruin of our Governmc; ?, anc! Ic-n'i'ng
the Dutch in PoirelTion of all that Trade, which il'^v lud
acquired at our Fxpence. This Language may fsemj ntw
and llraiigc to fome People ; but it is, neverthelefs. Mat-
ter of Fact, in Proof of which I fhall cire what is liid ty
Sir H'illiam Mtiijbn, who lived at that Timr, was ari Eye-
witnels of what he wrote, and underllooti tiie Subjedl as
well as any Man that ever lived. This (icnikmar, after
afTigniiig the Realbns why the King did not refent the In-
juries done his Subjcfts by the Dufcb fuoncr than the Year
1635, ^f"^" ^*^ ''"'-'' ""f ^ Royal Fleet, under the Com-
mand of the Earl of LiriJ/y, and having Iikcwifc touched
the Rtafbns which had compelled his Majeity to it, tlici*
proceeds thus :

" After much Working, and Embaffadors often palT-
«« ing Ix'tween them and Frantf, it laft they concluded on
*• an Otfenlivc and Dcfenfive League, by which France
" was to declare War agsinft Ststin i the Confequentes of
" fuch a League being dangerous, and an unlimited
Ambition never with Safety to be tnifted, his Majtlty
had jurt Caufe to be fufpicious of thefe Innovations i
he had Rcafoii to weigh thefe Fhings, and to confidcr
why Holland and France (hould lo ftridly combine
and league together, both of them being Ntighbouri
to him, and why it fhould be now haiitncd more
than in former Times, when Fritnce and England gave
a liitricient Relief to JM.md by Content. The Kirg
alfo feeing the ambitions Enterprizes of France, aflillcd
and animated by HelUndy to diilurb the Chrifhan and
peaceable Commonwealth of fwe/r.and unjuftly tofeizc
upon his neighbouring i'trritories, without Caufe given,
yea, not fpaiing, by Treachery and Force, to enjoy the
Countries uf his weakcft and nearcfl Friends the anci-
ent St.itc of Lorratn, which lay in his Way to hinder
' h.i unlawful Defigns. Thefe were fuflficient Motives

" and

896

.In hlftorkal Aicotwt of the hitcnourjc

IWv J,

,1'

■m^

1 \i .IK ' '

\m ■ ^

if^* '"

m ' '-

l::;^

1,
i

m '

r!'|- J

KliM \

•' and Rr'nfop.s for the Kind's Majtrty \n Miold hi* own rait any Mannrr of Succour or Rtliff, to tlic Dam.ijrp o

«♦ Cafrwirh in Kyf of Prrvpntion » biu plpt cully linding Mr. CenrtfUt «ihI the n-ft of the IiitiTcfted, tJip Sum ol

" a Combination brtwixt Frdit.f and HclUiui to take ami 10000 Pouni]» and upwards. And about tlw Montli ol

" divn^t the !V)vinre5 of Handers betwixt tlirni, and tu Jitnt 16+3, the licim Effwrnxa making a trading Voyaec

" pof!rf-i the maritmip Towns, as lytmkirk^ and others from Gta to hfaccao, in the Strrights of Mjima, wii

•• opjyjfite to England. This made his Majclfy think violently fct upon by two Dutch Ships, M<n ot War fbe-

•♦ hnw TO quench the Fire that might flame into his own longing to the faid Company) called /'<■»<////« nnd the

•♦ Ho«rti\ And having Intelligence that they were both Pertogallo, whereof Seignior htrmtrtn and Seignior Cti

•* to join in one Fleet, a 1 hing not uliiilly done by the

♦* Fmth ; and iliey making no publick Declaration ot

•♦ the IVOgn of their ShipK as commonly Princes ufe to

" do in fuch Cafes, hw Majelly coiild make no left Con

" ftritrtion, than that they intended to deprive him of his an-

•' cient ami allowed Prerogative of the Narrow Seas,

" *»h5f h behoved him as much to defend, as his King-

" dom •, for he that covets the one, will do as much liy

" theotfier, if it were in hh Power to efleft it. Where^

•' fore his Majelly armed tliefe Ships following to Sea, to

" erqwirc the Reafon at their Hand?, not intemling to injure

•♦ any NatrCn, but to keep hiitifelf and Subjcfts from be-

" ing mjufrd, and to curb the Infolency and Pride of any

*• I'«)pk- that ihould go about to infringe i.is Royal Prr-

" rogativc." ' --i ' -

If m.iy nof be amift to obfrrve here, that the Word Pre-
rogative is iifed in a Sei\fe by tlib Author, which intercfts
the Sobjeft as much as the Prince 1 for the Prerogative
here contended for, though nominally in the Crown, was
virtually in the People «i' England \ and it was to main-
tain their Ripht th.it th" famous Stlden was encouraged to
compole hisi M-irr Ctaufum, in Anlwcr to Groiius's Book,

land, with the Lieutenant of the Fort ol Maknn, were
Commanders, who, in a hoffile Manner, kilfcd the Ma-
iler, Regtr Tmkerm.iM, nnd dirers Seamen were ^voumled
the reft took Pr ifoncrs, ami robbed them ot all their (Joods'
Merchandize, Books of AtfooUntt, Writings, ami Pjners]
and afterwards led t!ie Mariners about the Streets of Bata-
via in Derifionof" the Ef^^lip} Nation, drip^np iNn the
King's Cnlosirs after them in Tthiniph, cvriraiy to thu
laws of Nations and commort Amity \ alt which trndrd
to the Damage of Mr. Ctwln «id the Interertcd in that
Voyage, to the Sum of 715000 Huumls, (,r thiTeaboup,.

Ujwn the News of thcie inhuman Dealings, Mr. Ij/iir-
ttn was lorcwi toabfent himJelf from the /'*'i/j.r»!^^, his
Billi were protcl^ in Efi^lanJ, fMnnd, and Zt/ikml \ fo
he became infolvetit, and was out-la w'd, x*ith Sir Edwar:i
lAitlden, in the Yean 1644 and i^.f-, for the Sum of
Fifty thoufand Pounds, or thereatv tits. Sir Edw.ird
Liltfefon, being then fc qucftrafetl ftir hii Fidelity ami Al-
legiance to his Majefly, and in the .itftui Service of
the King, could not appear to profefute his A-'Utm, eithtr
before the Parliament, or the Courti of HcllarJ, for
Re|iaration of the violent Injiitfes atbreliiKI. Sir Paul
Pindar having taken up feveral great Siiin<; of Money, nnd
entitled M/r^ Ij^frum, inretidtxt to jultify, by Reafon, the advanced them to the King's I 'fe, was with the reft of the

amNtii/Us Ph)i<'As of the DmIiIk That this was truly the
Cafe, and that the King had nothing in View but for the
Benefit of his Subji>dfs appears plainly, by the Care he
took for ads-ancing the Trade to the Eaft-hJi<', which
began now to decline ntreedirgly •, for the Duub lia<l fo
frighted them by their Severities, that the Servants of the
Eajl- India Comp.iny wtre afraid to difpute with rhcm, and
not much indineti to lettle in any Colonies there j lo that
by degrees, our Tra-le wouk) have fallen to nfithing, which
was prccifely what the DuKb dcfired, and were, by all
Means, endeavouring to bring abcAit.

The King, to rcdrefs this F.vil, and to prcferve this
Trade, as (ar as it was jx>nU)le, lillcncd to the I'roiJofals
made by Sir H'illiam Cetri'n, and fome other rich Mer-
chant^ of l.tndon, for fending a Squadron into thofc Parts
to fettle and trade, b»it without Preiudici to tlir Rights
of the A.^f-/«i;.> Company ; and accordingly by his Coin-
milTwn, under his Rnyal Signature, dated the 1 ;Mh of Df-
f*mbtr 1635, he did gru't Licence to the Pcrlons therein
named, to fli.d a certain Number of Ships into the Ea/I-
Indies ; and they accordingly did fend fix large Ships, Sir
/f'/.'/rtf»jCri^/rr;h;.Tifclf adv( nfurirgCJiic hiindtetl and twcn-
r\' thctifand Foii:.ds. Thefe Adveiuunri had v^ry g'xxl
SiKcels abroad, 1! they could have (uuiid any Way to have
gjt their Kithtj home ; but tiio Puuh were too lunnmg
for iliat i lur, diea.iip.g t!ii- 1 iLiblilliinei.t <-( a free TraJc
between the F.if>ltlb ainl rhe Indianu th( y refblved to take
Things in the Beginning, and accordingly !(> way-laid the
Dragon and the C</*rrriie, which were two of the largi ft
Ships thefe GentlenKn had empioyei!, that not far fnjm the
Capf t>/G:!d-lhp( tiiey liink Ixjih the WITeh, and every
Soul in them, by which a great Number of able Seamen
were loff, tc^gether with a Cargo ot the Va!.ic of One
hundrefi and hfty thoufand Pounds.

Ncifh'r was this the tingle AH of this kind, for in the
Yf.ir 16 vt, the fame Pii prictor?, except Sir H^iliiant Ceur-
tfn, who was dead, fitted out fcvcn more Ships, whuli
likewife failed to ttie Enft-Jndifi, and were again metwitli
fjy the Daub; for in the Month lA "January 1^4^ the
Hemy ihnavrHlure, laden with Pepper and other Indian
Goc<ls, ran athorc ujvin Mauricf-fjlindf in the I lands of
the Duicb, who, under Pretence of helping the Maftcr
and Seamen to «ave the GiKxfs, (. ized and pofllfled thrnv
frjves of Ship, laekle, Ammtinition, MercJ»anili/r, and
Prov.nom, and lonverresl the fame to the life of the fmd
Fal- India Conioany •, and .Idntn Fandeffiff, the (iovtr-
nor of ffii. IflsTid, lent away the Maflcr and Manners witli-

CommifTioners fbr the contrai^ed Farms of the Cultonr.
fined 150,000/. by the Parliament, and alfoprolictited at
Law for the laid Debts, whereby he l>ecame a PrrionT in
his own Houfe, and during the late liitfemjicrni lin.ej
made incapable to took after his Prrtportion of the laid Da-
mages from the Eajl- India Company of liclinnJ.

\ hus all this Projcdt for reviving and n ti inng the Enjl-
India Trade came to nothing ; but thole Merch.mts, who
had engaged in them fuch va(t Sum«, were utterly beg-
gared. It is truf, that King Cbarln I. interpoti-d in their
Behalf with the States, which ('rves rather to Ihew the
Care of that Monarch, eVen in his lowell Circunilt antes,
for the Intereft of his Subjefts, than to demonlfmie thtf
Jurtict of the Duiib, who with much ado were brc ight ro
pay K5,ooo Gilders, wheh jiroi"*! that the Chaipe nnill
have been juft, tliougli the Satisfiflion was almoTt luL.w
Noiice. While things ftoo<f thus in Fn^'.tnd, thi- Duib
Eajl- India Company carried all befoie them in the ErJ-
hdies, and having none to oppofe them, eflablifhed theni-
felvesfo efl^e^tually, that it was not only impofTiblc for ih."
Ijiflijb to form any Defigns to their Prejudice, but they
were forced hkewifc to lay alide all thoughts of recovering
their jull Right.s and to nl-andon their Aliitirs as a tra.iing
Botiy for feveral Years. Such were the f id F.lfeds ol our
Confulions at home, with regard to our I rade abroad,
and thistooat fuch a critical Juncture, when fo much might
have been tione for the Servirc of rhi<- Nation.

This is, indeed, a very dark ami dilmal Scene, the Pro-
fj>e^l of which was never clearly exhit>itcd to the View of
zn Ln^lijl} Kcaier; nor ihoiild I have dwelt ujHin it |i)
long now, but that at this Diffance of Time I luppole all
Prejudices arc worn olt, and we may he allowed to judge
freely of the Milchief'. of the Civil War brought upon us,
not only liy the Confufions and Slaughters it created
amongll ourlclvcs, Injt in the Injuries likewil'e, which by
its Conl'equerces it drew upon thtife Uianilics of our Com-
merce, which might ot!:erwife have made us the rii hrfl;
and greatell Peojile in F.urcpe. 'I'his is a Conlideration
that ought never to lie forgot, bentufi; svhile we retain it in
our Memory, it is imi>oint)Ic that we fht ukl be guilty (d
any fuch Overfight for the future, or t!iat we jTiouliI luHir
ourfilves to be betrayed into to fatal an ()pini(>n, as that
any Advantages that aw be procured liy the O.rthrow o'
nnt Party, or the f rrvailing ryf another amongll us, can in
any degree compenlaie the vaft I/ilTes we (iiftain in 'Trade,
when by icafun ot liieh I")iftiiibantes as thele Struggles
neate, wt arc diverted from the Attention we ought

alwass

Cliiip. II. ktwteii the InhnhittiHn of fUrcnd-Britain, £?r.

«y7

always to pay to our general, lading, and folic! Intcrell, ai
to Affairs at Sc.i, and of TrafRck.

Thcfc great and nccclTary Cares ran ncvrr lie firofLnt' d
a^ they oiiplit, but in Times of full Pearc, and pcrtcit Set-
tletnenti that is, when the Peojtie and th'* Gcvtrnmr'nt
look one Way, and have l)Ut one View, as tluy never ran
have but ow Intcrell. We f?e how little, durinR tlielt;
Diftraftions, it wa<i in the Power either of the Kinp or
Parliament to obtain any Satisfaflion for the I^lfes they
fuftained from foreign Nations, which beinf* grounded in
the Nature of things, nuift always bo the Cafe whenever
any thing of the like kind happens in proportion to the
Degree in which it happens \ for beyond a Qinftion, the
Profperity of this Nation at home and abroad, dejiends
folfly on the Harmony fubfifting between the Government
and the People, which can fubfift no other Way than by
the former attending to the Concemsi of the latter, with
that I'Xligence and Difintcreftednifsthat btcothes thofe, who
for the publick Benefit are cntrufted with the Adminiftra-
tion of the Concerns of a free People. We havt nothing
more to add during this Riign, and (halltherefore proceed
to lurh Matters as concern this Subjeft after the Death of
the Kirtg.

10. The immenfe Wealth, and great naval Power of
the Jyutch, acquired, as has been before obferved, in the
Times of our Diftraftioiis, and when it was impofliMc for
us to prevent it; encouragetl them to think of rdiblilhipg
their own Wealth and Gramleur by a total SupprrfHon of
our maritime Force, to which, perhaps, they were tempt-
e<i, from an O{iinion, that tht; Parjihment, or, as it was
then called, the Commonwealth of F.ngftmd, would fnirce
adventure ujion a War abm.'wl, when flic had ti arce extri-
cated herlelf from one at home. But they were miftnkcn,
Jor the Parliament of Engimdy however they came by their
Right, or by their Power rather, wifo determined to make
a iuil I'fe of it ; and this proiiurcd the firft jyiitch War, in
wliirh they, lor the Rcafons btfore afllgned, were the
Aggrtflbrs, but fuffercd dearly for it in the I-'nd, fince
alter repeated Defeats at Sea, and notwitl.flanding they
h Iprd to prv)cure a new Revolution h^'re, by fetting up thf
Protector inftead of the Parliament, y^t they were forctd
to fubmit to a I'cacc upon tlie Tirms prcfcnbcd to them,
whirh was figned at It'ejimitijler, Jpri! the 5th, i6.;4, and
by this Treaty the .States wcr ■ oliligi'd to do that JulHie to
Crmwelly which tluy had rctulal to M'mgjames and King
Charles.

The twenty -fcventh Article of that Treaty being con-
ceiveii in thele Words : " It is agr'-cd as above, that the
" I/irds the States General of the United Proviiicr, Ihall
" takf Care that Juftice be done upon thofe who wire I'ai-
" takers or Accomplices in t!ie Malf.icre of the F.ni;!/jh at
" Amboyna, xs tht Republick of Enghnd is pKifrd to term
" that Faft, provided any of tluin be livinti;." In ron-
ftquence of tiiis I'reaty, there was a Comniiirion {'/anted
on both Sides, which fat at GolJfniiih's-H.h'l, in order to
hear and determine the Complaints tliar fliould be made to
them both by th ■ /'>;j{///' and Dm/./- Knji-hdiii Companies,
and their Uiterniination was to Ix; tiiuil. The ljt«!i//j
Company put 111 a Chartv', cordilting of rtlteen Articles
con' Uidinf^, that beftdes du- 1 ,ols of their Scttlemnu';, they
had riilfcred to the Amount of the .Sum of two Millions fix
hundred niiiety-tive thoufand nine hundred an<l nii\etyiiii<e
Pounds fifteen Shillings Sterling. The l):it.l' E,iji-lnd<.i
Conii>atiy on the other hand brought in tluir IVmands.biit
without entering exartly into Particulars -, yet ak-miinini;
in the Clofc their F.xix.'nres at eight hundred and fifry thou-
fand Pounds, Nslucli Ixing conlideied, togeth.r with the
l-'.vidence oftercil on the Supjwrt of each Side, the Com-
miflloneis came U aConclulion, which they Oiled a Regu-
lation concerning the l-olfes and Damages futlained in the
/•:,/// sin'l ft'ej}. Indies, whi>.h wa^ figned on the ;^,)th of
/tugiift, 1654.

And in this Paper, after reciting ail the Demands Ivfore-
mentioned at lars',e, they proceed in the following IVrms :
" All which Complaints aiul Demands exhibited to us the
" faiil CommiHioncis, l>y tiie Deputy of both the En^lijh
" and Dutih Companies, cxprrlsly chofe to this Pur|-K)le,
" have been laid Ixdore us with a gre.it Numlxr ol
" Documents, lnllni.ii(;:'.t'., and I'lools, exhibited as well

N u M li . ) .

'* li.i firi\iing and coiroborating their own Demands, as-
" lor drlhnyiniij and refiiting thuf- oftlif: oppolite Party v
" iind at Inigth the Arbitration ol all thole Controvrrlics
*• is liibmltfed to us the nfoiefiid Comm.ffioners by tlic
" laid Depntirs of both Com] anies. ''.Vherfforc v.c the
" nti^nlaid 7"'"' /'^Vew, li'ill'am 7tif>ur, M-'iHinm ■Ihnmfoii,
•• 'Ihoiiiiit Kfmliif, ■Idtiein yein /Jtimoiidc, Chrijii:::: yan
" Uodeiihiirj^lif f^t-in Ifotnvnif, and James Oyje!, after
" having lien, read, examined, and accurately cHjnlkicTcd
" all the Documents Inllruiiunts, and Proofs exhibited
" to U'l on both Sides, together with all other things which
•* li-inieil n''( rirury hit tiic Dilcovcry of the Truth 1 and
" being tlejirous to icconcile and to cftablifti a ptrpetuai
" Agreen^ent brtwren both the Companies aforeiaid, by
" viiiiie of the Power and Authority to us given and
*' grantejl by the moll high the Lord Proteftor of the Rc-
" publick ol f',nj(tiinJ, StQlknd, and Inland, and the High
•' and Mi|>lity Lords the bfates General of the United
•• Nfll'filtind), have decided, dtfined, and determined,
•' and by this our prcfent Award and Aiui.....lon do decide,
" define, wnd determine, as follows:

" We make void, extinguidi, obliterate, and altogether
" wipe (lilt and toiuinit to Oblivion (lb as never to be rC'
«' vived at iiny time, and u])on any Pretence, by any Per-
»' foil whatliicvrr) all Complaints, Pretcnfions, and Con-
•' troverlii'H mentionetl more at large above, and all others
*• whailiever, which the /!i'»^////£> Company r-ndirg in the
•• h.iijl Indict, »|otli or may form againil tlie /j.'.vi Coni-
" pany, without eveepting any, of whatfoev>.r kind, N.i-
" lure, or Condition they may be •, and particularly we
" appoint iind ordain, that the (aid Englifl: Company fhall
*' not for the futuie lue or demand any thing of the faid
'• Jhihh Company in Vtrfid, or elfewhcre, un'ler rhc Dc-
" nominilion of the Culloms of Ormtiz and Gnmbren, fo
" that the Dulih (hall never be molclled, or tlitlurbed by
" the hmili/li tor this Caufe, under any Pretext : Provided
*' nrvi'iihclels that tins does not prejudice any Adion or
" Plaini, which the En^lipj Company may enter againlt
" the Kini^ ol /V^rf, or any other Perlbn whatfoever, the
" nulib cxti'pted. bi like manner we make vol i, extin-
" guilb, obliteiatr, iind wholly blot out an;l commie to
•' Oblivioii, li) as never to be revived at any time, and on
" any Pi-reiue, by any IVrfon whatlbever, allCompbin:-,
'* Pri lenlions, and Controvcrlles mentioned above uktc
" at large, And all others, whatlbever they b.", whicli the
'• alofelaid DiOth Eiiji-liulut Company doth or m ly form
" againil the betoir-named En^lijh Comp»my trading in
" the E'l/I Indiix, except none, of wliatfoever Kind, Na-
'• tur.', or Condition tluy may be •, and moreover we ap-
" point and ilecree, that the faid Dutcb Company fliall
'• yield and irlbire the Illand Poleron to the faid En^liflj
" t'onipany, in the fimc State and Condition as it is now ;
" piovidrd nrvertlielels, that it Ihall be lawful for the faicl
" I)mIiI< Conipiny to take away and remove out of the
'» laiil lll.im I all niditary Furniture, Merchandize, Houfc-
" hold SiulV, mid all Moveables, if they happen to have
*' any 111 th ' laid llland.

•' .\nd in th"^ lall place we declare and ordain, that tlic
»» fiid /).'//(/• i ompany Ihall pay the laid Eng^liJIi Company
•• H ;,o.iu/, Sterling to be paid here at Z.o«</f«, one Moiety
" before flip \.\\\ D,iy of Janmry next cnfuing, according
" |o (he Rn'^tijh Style, and the other Moiety before the
" lall Day ol Shmb lollowing, according to tlie fame
*' Style \ and all Controverfies between the laid Companies
" being by thin means compoled, derided, and deter-
'* ininril, to the end that a Stop may alfo be put to the
" CJjiarreN of private Pcrlbns.

" We have fern, perult-d and examined, all the Com-
" plaints Hnd Demands exhibited to us in due time, in the
•' Nanii' of liiine private EtigliflmnH, who complain of
" h.iving irc.ivrd Irjury and Damage at ,iml>cyn.i in the
" Year \U) \ \ and on tlie other hand, we have heard and
'« (onlidcied the Matters which have been alledged and
•• cxhibiieil by the alnive-mentioned Deputies ol the D«/i/>
'* Company in their own Defence 1 and we the Commil-
" llonern atoiclaid conlidering that no one Perfon befides
" thele under-writtdi has on this Acccuint entered any
" Aiiioii'i 01 Dem.iiuls before us wifhin the due Time, atcer
" which n IS not lawlul to enter any more, and being
\'> 1" tiieii-

;» li

»';■

t'l-

<S98

Jn blftoruiil Account of the Intcncurft -,

\.S

Book I.

If'N

m\} .

Kv'sH

ralt'^l ''

■§m

^•4

inrm

ip rr^- "

BiiM

P' q |y j

111

§&■'

Mrl

intw

juj^l,- 4

81'

wH^'

;(

iV :

'■

•* ihcrcforf ilcfin-i-.s tliat no lU licks f»f Complaint (hoiilJ
" rvmiin, ar.d that .ill Caule ^>^ Wrangling may be ii-
" 111 )vc.i, atur h.iviiig liuly confuliTiil aiul wcighnl all
" thing?, do, by virtue of tlir lull Power and Authority
** given and giants d unto is by the mod high I'rofc^lor,
•' and the hi^'h ami mighty States ot the Umied Sethtr-
*' liui^ii, ajiptMiit ,\nd or.iain, that all (.omplaint, At'tioo,
" and Dcinind of the tn^'ijh whomlocver, whether pub-
•' lirk or private, on the Store ot any Injuty or Damage
" whuh tlu-y prct:nd to have fufTered at Amhoyna in the
" Yt.ir i6;:, the Eifiluh Stile, and i6:j, N.S. may Ik
" made void, fcrnvn.ited, and committcil to C)l)livion •,
" anJ. that no Pcrl'on, wliomlbcvcr he be, fliall enter any
" Ai'^lioi. 0,1 that Account, or moldl, ddhirb, or vex the
" laid Du:ci< Company, or any Dutchman on that I'retcxt ;
" and on the other hand, wc alio decree and orvlain, that
'* the fiid D.ittb Company (hall pay here at I^ndon before
" the firft Day of y.iKuary next cnfuing feven hundred
" Pounds SirrliiiR to H^'tUtam Jo^ncrfon, Nej>hew and Ad-
*' minirtrator of ^h^• Kllci^s of Gabnd Te-tvtrjm, late of
" Jmhcyna, decealnl To H'liitam Ceuljon, IJixjthcr ol
" Sjmue.' Ciulfoii, &f . Adminillrator in like manner of hu
" l-.lTicIs four hundred and Jitty Pounds. To Jamej
*' Ay.//, Aiimiiullrator of the I-tVects of Jtin Pa-.-tl^ three
" humored and fifty Pounds. To ^Inlbay l:..:»^bam,
" Adniini(\rator of tlu- KfTrels of IVilltam OV/^, iw.) huiv
" dred Pounds. To the Adminilhators of the Krt.d.s i>f
" 7"^'' ^^ '"''''A two hundred l\)Unds. To Jane If'dhr,
" Adnunilhatrix of the l-.f!c<^s of Gttrge 6cbjtetk,
** 150/. To John atwl EliZithtih CeUiHs, the Children
** and Heirs ol EJuarJ CoUitts, 4^'-, /. To the Admini-
" ftrators of John Beameni, 300 1. To Jane tftiber,
" Widow, and Admmillratrix of HWiam H'tl/hr, zoo I.
'• to 7'""'^ 5<i«/r, Adminillrator of the Eircdfs of y-J/^ifr^.-Mi
" Ram/n, 330 /. to the tjcecutori of the Will ol I homes
" Riuiirofte, 50/. and to 7'temas Biiiinjlni, Admimllra-
" tor (/the hftiCts of Emanml 7hompft»t icol. all
" which Sums *ddcd together make the Sum ot iCii^l.
" Sterling, to Isc jaid here at Lofuiea, before January
" next enfuing : Ami, on this Condition, wc inlift that
" their Atftiosis, or SuiK, be ait'grther fet afide and can-
" crlkd, fo as never to be revived hcrcoltcr, by any Per-
*' fon whomfirvcr.''

This Award, (:r Arbrtration, was ftriif^ly pit in Fxe-
ruiion as loon .ti it was made, and ought theretoie to \x
conlidcrcd as decifivc againit tlie Dunh, who by thcfo
fiiiall anil incoiilidcrable Satiiluitiuiis i.) tli; Kejuelinta-
tivcs ol thofe thai were murdered at .'mboyna^ clearly ad-
mittcil, and took ujvjn themfclvcs the duilt <( that whole
PrtKCeding. After this I'leaty, the Affairs of the Laft-
Iniha Com[jaiiy U-gan to recc.ver ; and, under the Protec-
tion ot Crciirxfl, there wj\ a Subkription ol Kiglii hun-
dreil thoufand Poumls lor the carryiiig on of that Com-
merce i but Ixfore any great I'rogrels ixiiild be made in
the Fjrecution of thefe Projects, the Coiillitution was re-
ftored by his Majrfly's happy Return.

II. It was one ol the earlicft Acts of King Charles the
lid's Government to give that Satisfaction to tiie taj}- In-
dia Comjuny which was retjuifite, to revive and eltal.lilb
its Commerce. Th;s he did, by granting to the Com|«ny
a new ChartiT, dated the 3d of .IprtU 1661, by whuh he
not only confirmed the Privileges wIikK they had Ufore
received, but likewde added othcn. He enlarged the
Quantity of Bullion to 5o,wo/. tvtry V(yagr, pro-
vided fo much as brought into the Kingdom by the I-Jt-
jortation ot Indian C,<nx.'%. lie conliimed their extlufive
Trade, and gave them Power to licenfe others to trade in
the India, as alio .Authority to fettle Civil and Military
Oovcrnnient, and to make Peace and War with the In»i-
dcls in the l.aji-Indui : But lliil this Charter had the old
Condition ot Iring made void, if it (hi.iild lie louiid detri-
mental to the Nation upon three Vean Notice.

/\j I'xjii as a Negotiation was commencal for the King's
Marriage with the Inhtnu of Portuj^al, it was relolvedto
proiurc a Criiion of fome convenient Colony in the Eajl-
Indies, as P^rt ol her Portion ; and by this Means the
Itland ot Bombay, which has been to often meniioned,
<amt into the lUmK ol ilir knglijh. It mull bt owned
i

tliat the Soil of this Ifland is but barren, and the Air far
enough from being wholfumr. But, however, the Situ^.
tion was cxtrrmcly convenient ; and as it was not in the
Power of the King, or any of his Minillcrs to alter tlie
Nature of I'hings, they werr forced to take up with what
they could get \ and it mull be ownid that, notwithft^nd-
ing (bmc Inconvrnieiicies, tlic olitaining this Iiland w^
lx)th a convenient, and an iinpoitant Acijuiljtion, as by the
Coulcrjuenccs attending it ; and the ptclcnt Condition of
that Place did, and doth mauifcllly and unqueftionably
appear.

Very fiwn after tlie Marriage, King Charles fcnt the
lord Miirlthrf^h^ with tour or live Ships of War, to take
Poirellion of in and the King of Ptfr/rr^^/ Tent a Viceroy
to dchver it and all it* Royalties, to the laid land ; and
^ir yibrabam Shipman was ordered to be Ciovrrnw tor
King Charles. They arrived at Bombay in Sffttmhtr 166 j •,
but the Clergy wuhflucKi the Crown, and dilbbcycd the
Order \ nor woukl ihcy acknowledge the Viceroy, unlets
he would come into their Mcufures, which, rather than
bfc his new Dignity, he diit, and the Enghlh Fleet was
forced to go to SvxtUy to land their Men, and get Re-
trcfhments. The Governor of Sura', in whofc Dillrift
S'xally is, grew jealous of the Numbers and Bravery of
the En^hfb, threatned the Factory elhblifhed at Sural, if
they did not l()eedily re-imbark, whiih, to avoid, they
did ( and tlie Governor allowed tiicm the fire U|c uf the
Markets >, ib that they had no Want ot Proriiiuns and
Merchandize while tliey llaycd there. In ^d*. 1664 his
l.ordtlup went back to England, carrying two Sliips with
hull, and left Sir y/braham with the reft to pais the wefterly
Moiiltwns in tome Port 00 the Coaft i but he being unac-
(juainted, chol'c a delolate Ifland, called Anjadiva, to win-
ter at. It is fo far from an i-iarbour, that it is even but a
bad Road for Shipping in thoie hoilltrous fouth-weit
Winds and ttirbuknc Seas: However, he landed all the
l^nd-Forces, aiid built Huts to defend them from the
Weather. Ihe Itland is barren, but has Tome Springs of
good Water. It is about a Mile long, and three hundred
Paces broad. Here thry Hayed from April till Oilcber,
in which Time they buried abcvc two hundred of then-
Men.

When ilie Monfoons were over, the Squadron put to
Sea, and put into B*mbay, to try il the Clmrih had con-
lidereil on the Olxdience ilue to the King of Pertu^ari
Orders, or it th<7 had a Mmd to draw ihe Arms et Eiti-
land, as well as their Sovereign, on them. .Some of tliem,
who had not forgot what Dimages ^pam and Portugal
had fullaiiial by the Englijh Fleet in Cromwtl'i Tim--,
ailvilcd the Church to obc-y the King, letting forth ihe
Mileries tliey (1k>uKI be brc)U{;ht into in cjlc ot Noncom-
pliance. Ar length their holy Zeal abiital, ami they were
c intent to admit ol a Treaty •, but l)ttore tiie 'i'rcaty w.i»
iMnc\\M.\n.\,Sn /llrtibunt died, ami oik Mr. liiimpiry Cooke,
who was next in Comminion, continued the 1 reaty, and
articled, that the Inh.ibitants Ihould enjoy their Lands and
Religion under the King ot E.nfland, but forgot to inlert
the Royalties .ipjKnding on Bombay, which reached as tar
as lerfua, or Salfet ; whitli Omiflion has been a Bone of
Contention tor both Parties ever fince. Mr. Cooke, ac-
(or.ling to the Treaty, took PotrelTion of th^- Itland in the
King'k Name, and forthwith beg^an to tortity regularly,
.uid, to lave Charges of buikling a Houle lor the Gover-
nor, Iniilt a Fort rouml an old tijuare Houl*, which Irrv-
ed the Periiigueze for a Place of Retreat, when they were
diiUirlKd by their Enemies, till Forces could be lent troni
other Placei to relieve them.

Ahcr the Fort was traced and the Foundation laid. Sir
(ieorge Imcus arrived from E./tg/und with two Ships ; but
Artairs being trttled Ixforc he came, did not Hay at Bern-
bay longer thiui January, 1600, and Irlt the Government
ot the Itland in the Hani's of Mr. Cooie and his Couiiiil,
the Prefideiuy for the then Company reliding at Surg:.
Their Trade liourifhed and tncrealeil wonderfully Hut atttr
thelort was tinilhed, the King linding that the urge ot
«.t keeping Bombay in his own Hands, would not turn to
Account, the Revenues being to inconfiderablr, he made
If over to the Eafi- India Company in lei Tad, which
contituies to this Day. In building the Fou where it is

Book I.

Chap. II. hetwe€M the Mahitants of Great-Britain, ^c.

S99

■7". ami the Air far
''"W'^'^cr, the S.tu4.
?' '[ *»' not in thr
imidcr^, to alter the
toukeupw.thwiut
I tfiar, norwithfl^nd-

Vtijuilifion, ai by the
"i<tnt Condition of
aiul unqucfti(«,ably

iR Cl)arl« fcnt ,he
"P^ of War, to take
»«"/ fcnt a Viceroy
">c raid l^id ; and
to be iiuvernu lor

«iul dilobcycd the
'lif Viceroy, unleis
wlmh, rather than
e £>,^h/h Flret wa<
Men, an(l get n^.
, in whofc Diftrid
•r» and Bravery of
Wifhtd at Jiw*/, if
i'h, to avoid, they
the fire Ufc of the
: o> I'rorilions and
In 7m. 1664 his
ing two Sliips with
to pais the werttrly
bjt he being unac-
J yfujaiiiva, to win-
hat it ii even but a
iilUroiis fouth-wctt
, he landcti all the
III them from the
M lomc Springs of
ani) three humlrtd
■^prii till (Jilckr,
» hundred ot tiien'

r Squadron put to
• C/uirth had con-
ning of Pertuiar%
ihr Arms ef tt^.
^. Sonic of tlieni,
'paiH and Portugal
Ciom-.vtJ'i 'lull',

'ifting forth the

< -lie ut Nonconi-
«^'» aiul they vvcrr
're till 'J'reuty w.i»
r. Humphry Ccokf,

tlie Ireaty, and
f their Lands and
lit »org()t to inlerc
ich reached as far
s been a Bone of

Mr. Cooit, ac-
thc Idaiid in tlic
fortify regularly,
le for the Govtr-
iil», which (-^rv-

when tl;ey were
)uld be fcnt from

ndation laid, Sir
two Ships ; but
iK't flay at Bern-
[he Government
and his C0111n.1l,
liding at Surt:.
rrfully IJut alter
It the i.,rge ft
uld nor turn to
ralijr, he made
et Tad, which
01; where it is
Mi

Mr. Cotki (hewed his Want of Skill in Architc^irr,
where a proper and convrnicnt Situation ought to be well
•Dnfidered t for it is buiti upon the Point of Rocks th^t
jets into the Sea, where there arc no Spring* of frefti W«-
ur i and it ftaiuJ.s within eight hundred Faces of an Hill
called Dungfrtfs that ovcr-looka it \ and an tjicmy miglvt
much incommode it from the Hill, as we found by I^-
pcricnce, in jfttHt 1689, when the Mogul lent an Army
on Bemiay.

As ior tht Magnitude, Figure, and Materials of the
Fort, there is no tault to be found in them, for it is a re*
gular TctragQO i the outward Polygon is about five hun-
dred Pares, and it is built of gpod hard Stone, and can
mount above one hundred Pieces of Cannon, and that is
all that is commendable in it. But had it been built about
five hundred Paces more to the fouthward, on a more
■cute Point of Rocks, called Mtntihtim's-PeiHt, it had
been much better, on fcveral Accounts v firlt, it had been
much nearer the Road for protefting the Shipping there \
it had been iiarther off Dtmgtrtt-hiU \ it would have had
a pretty Spring of good Water, which ferved the Hofpit^l
that was afterwards built there, and the Shipping had
been better fecured that lay in the little Bay between the
Point where the Fort now Hands and Mendbam's- Point.
I'hcy went about building fcveral other li(tlc Forts ami
Sconces, in convenient Places, to hinder an Invafion, if
any of their Neighbours Ihould have attempted one. At
Mojagun there was one, at Siurie one, at Stan one, at Ma-
him one, and (VerUe had onr, and fome great Guns mount-
ed on each of them.

Notwithdanding the Company was at fo much Charge
in building of Forts, they iud no I'houghts of building
a Cliurch j for many Years after, Sir Gtorge Oxtndon be-
gan to build one, and charitable ColLAions were gathered
for that \iie : Hut when Sir Gtorge died. Piety grew fick,
and tltc Building of Churches was grown unfailiionable.
Indeed, it was a long Time before the Ifland had Peojile
cnnugli to fdl a Chapel that was in the Fort i for as tad
as Reciuits came from Britain they died in Bombay, which
got the Ifland a bad Name. There was reckoned above
5000 Pounds had been gathered towards building the
C'hurcli \ but Sir John Child, when he came to reign in
Bomiay, converted the Money to his own Ufe, and never
more was heard of it. '1 he Walls were built by his Prc-
deccirors to five Yards high, and (o it continued till the
Year 1715, that Mr. Boone ctme to the Chair, who fet
about building it, and in five Years I'iinc finilhed it by his
own Benevolence ; and of other Gentlemen, who, by his
Perliiafions, were brought in to contribuc •, the Company
alfo contributed fomething towards that pious End.

About the Year 1674, Prefident ^ungier, a Gen-
tleman well qualilied for the Government, came to the
Chair ; and leaving Surat to the Maragenicrt of Depu-
ties, came to Bomhay, and re^iiicd many Things that
were amifs, and brought the Face of Jullice to be un-
veiled, winch before lay hid in a Tingle Perfon's Biealt,
wht/ dillributcd her Favours according to the Governor's
Direflion. He credled a formal Court, where Pleas
were brought in and debated. But that Method lalled but
a few Years : When Sir "John Child came to the Chair, the
C^ourt expired. Mr. Tangier advifed the Company to en-
clofc the Town from Dungerte to Mendham'i-Puint, for
fecuring the trading People from the Inliilts of their trou-
blcibme beggarly Neighbours on the Continent : But his
Proixifals were rijeded, and that neccflary Piece of Work
was refervetl for Nlr. Boone a\(o. And happy it was for the
Inhabiunts that the Town was fecured by a Wall, othcrwife
Connojee /tHMgane would have haralVed them with continual
Infults, finre his War with the Englijfj licgan. The Name
of Mr. Auugier is much rcvcrcil by the ancient People of
Surat and Bombay to tliis Day. His Juflice and Dexte-
rity in managing Atiairs got him tuch an l.llecm, that the
Natives of thofc Places nude him the common Aibitrator
of their DiflFerem -s in point of Trallick -, nor was it ever
known that any Patty icccdcd from his Award. There
are no Dangers in going into Bombay Road, but one funk
Rock, that tics about half a League from the Calllc. It is
dry at Lx>w-water, and has a Channel within it deep
cnuugli for the greaieil Ships to pali>, I never heard of

any Damage done by that Rock, but to a I'mall Ship i ailed
the BadiHt which, by Carl' fTnels, run on it at Noon-Day,
ami was loll.

In the Year 167J, the Dutch Eaft-India Company hav-
ing an Eye on Bombay, fent a Squadron of Ships, with a
little Ari^iy to try if they cculJ take it among their
other Cunqueih of India -, but, on their Landing, met
with fo warm a Reception, that they were glad to get off
with the Lofs of two or three hundred of their Men, and
fo left tlie linglijh in the quiet PoftfTion of it. The
Gov(;rnor$ proved tolerably good till 16S2, that Sir 7<"("'
Child came thither. The India Company knowing how
to make Ufc of King Cbarki'i NccclTities, made him fome
Prefents, and he, in grateful Acknowleilgmcnt, granted
them Power i but they uftd that Power to their own IJteftriic-
tion, for Mr. Child's Pride and Opprcflions grew fo very
intolerable, then even the Gentlemen in the Company »
Service, had not the free Excrcife of Trade, and much lefs

frivatc Merchants : And he trampling on the rftablilhed
.aws of England, and by Advice of his Name -fake, who
governed the Company in Europe, by imprifbning and
murdering their Fallow SubjeAs, grew hateful to alL

In /Imio 1^84, he made his Brother-in-law, Mr. fFard,
his Deputy of Bombay, who defigned to fifh in troubled
Watcri. Mr. Child being honoured with the Title of
Baronet, by the powerful Motives of the Company's Mo-
ney to the King i at the fame Time got the Commiflion
of General, which pulTed him up fo, that he contemned
all Laws, human and divine. The 'military Gentlemen,
who had made Contraifts in England for their Salaries,
though paid at 20 per Cent, lefs ; yet, to fhcw himfelf a
good Occonomifl for his MaAers Interefls, fcnt his Deputy
Irefh Orders to reduce their Pay to 30 per Cent, lefs than
it was before, though it was lb fmall that they could
hardly bring both Ends to bear at the Month's End.
That hard Pill the Sons of Mars could not fwallow, and
fo bent their Minds on a Revolution ; ami having come
to Ibme Knowledge of Mr. If^ard'i Tampering with the
Stvajee to land on tlie Illand, they detefted fome Letters
of his to that Purpofe, which gave thcni a Ground for a
Revolt. The Stvajee, indeed, fent a Fleet of eighty Sail
of fmall Vcflcls to land on the Bay which faces the Ocean •,
but on their trying to land fome rorces, they were warmly
repulfed, and loft many of their Men, which made them
draw off again in Confufion ; .md Mr. IFard being con-
fronted with his own Letters, and iiaving little to fay in
his own Defence, was made a Prifoneri and General
Child'% Faftion was lent to Surat to him.

The Wanders taking the Government of the Ifland into
their own Hands, rhofe Capuin Kegwine Major of the
Military, to fuperinttn . :.m litary ARairs, and one Captain
norburn to regulate tuc '.An\. General Child foon dif-
patchcd Letters to i'.nghvu. , and gave an Account of the
Rebellion ; .".nd King CLirles difpatchcd a Frigate, called
the Phoenix, foi India, to demand the Rcftitution of the
Ifland, and put it again into the Company's Hands. They
arrived at Bi/inhay in September 1685, and Ihewed the
King's Letter, with a full Pardon to all who yielded Obe-
dience, which the Illandcrs unanimoufly did -, but for
their own Security, drew up fome Articles to be figned by
General Child, and Captain Tyrell, who commanded the
Phanix ; which Articks were. That any Perfon that had a
Mind to go to England, Ihould have free Liberty and Pal-
fage on board the Company's Shipping; which, being
agreed to and figned. Captain Keguine took his PafTage
on board the firft Ship ; but Thorburn being a married
Man, and having a fmall Eftate, as well as a Family on
the Ifland, could not fo cafily remove, but truftcd to the
A&. of (iracc, and the Treaty they had made.

After General Cl'i'J had got the Reins of Government
again into his own 1 laiuis, he became more infupportable
than ever. He ereded a Court of Inquifition, and made
an old Greek, one Captain Gar); Judge, who had con-
demned a Man to be hanged on a Tuejltay, and the Man
fuffered according to Sentence : But, on the Fridcy after,
the jxjor dcail FeUow was ordered to he called before the
Court, but he would not comply with the Orders. Cap-
uin Thcrburu was the fird that felt the Weight of Mr.
C^;7J's Dirplcalure i he got lomc Fcllov.s to fw'ear him out

:"ri

I *:;i

900

y/n hiftorical Acotifit of the tmncoHrfc Book. I.

"1 "" ,'■

of lii» litrii" r.rtitr, who hrouRhi in forgai BoniU for
.'umn K)rro\\al ul one ^'/»f,i,', wlumi hi* nrvrr luil any
iXalii fj. will), ami loiiml NVitnrllirs to attrll rlirm. A'l
tlwi Tterttrn hail wa» loo littL to |>ay tiic SuinJ, lor
which his V.Wmc w.« takrn fiotn liiin, ;,nil himfcll put ii>
Pnfiin, wulioiit thi- PriiuiHion ot one Slave to atitnil
hini, or iWvc him in l^iion » Ins VVitc was not j'rrmitto!
to vifit htm, which hard Ulagc hrotij-ht him into a vicJcnt
Ffvcr, that fooii [Wl .in Kml to hn Lite. Al)out two
Uay< before he liicJ, tlic Coaler aaiuintal hi'. I.ily with
the Dangi-r, ami flic, with two (null Lhiliirrn, wrnt to
the (temral, anJ, on her Knees, UgRcd that a DiVlor
niii^ht be jxriiiitti\l to vifjt her I Iiilhami ; biit he wa« in-
exorable, anil would allow no Inch 1 .tvoiir, only granted
her I^ave to Iw in Prifun with him till hr dud, and (he
iKiycd but one Day and Part of a Night, bclorc he ex-
pircil.

When the Tragedy was over, fli- was going home to
her diflrelTcd Family, but found her Slave* ami Children
removal into a little Oiit-houft of hei's, and the Door^ of
her Dwcllmg-houfe Ihut againft her. The Lady had two
.Sifters marriid on the Mami, and Ihe hoping to find Re-
lief from them, went to fee the eldeft i but liif met her at
the D(x>% and told her flie could have no Admittance,
her Hulband king liable to IVtfei urion if he admitted
her into the Houle, and ftie Ix'lieved the ot'ier Sifter^
Huflxind dorA nor entertain her in his Houfe. The iioor
Lady, full of Sorrow aiul (Jrief, Ixing abandoned of all
her Friendi and Relations went Kick to her diftrilTed Fa-
mily, and having n>i vifiNc Way of Sup|iorr,had oner fomc
Thoughts of putting an Knd to her Mllorir^ : But her
Sifters, unknown to their Hulb.inds, lent her I'ome Relief
by a tuifty fenulc Slave in the Night, and a Ltticr, that
tliey defirtd her to burn as foon as (he had read, wherein
they proimfed to bi' alHrting in the Maintenance of her
and her Children, till the .Mmighty fliould think proi>cr
to deliver lier out of the I'crfecutiDn.

Tlu |x»r Ijdy had both Beauty and Difcrclion enough
to recommend her to th<- virtuous Fart of Mankind 1 but
none of the (ientlenun that wiftml her well, durll make
Addrrflo to hrr i only one who had the Command of a
Ship in the 7«./m» Merphani's Strvice, as he lud no Pc-
jxmiance on the dencral and his Mailers in Kn^tanJ,
thought he could not well cum • within the Reach ol their
I'crfecution 1 fo he courted h-r, and married her ; but
tluu wa» thought a capital Crime, anil the (irneral ac-
qaimted his h-.diiin Ownri», th.it wi:!iout they dilVhargcsl
him theit Skivitr, they ftiould alio I". '.,1 the Wcit^ht ot his
Pifpleafiirc ; and arcoidingly, to avoid Contelfs with Ins
Kxccller.ry, he was diicharged -, hut (iriif put an l-"nd to
his Froublo, for he died within a Year affr hi;. M.iraigr,
and left the poor Lady anotlier Child to take Care ot, bur
K-lt iiir jtKAT 0:.r ihouf.md Pounds Sterling of Stock for
her and her Fami!)'i Sup|X)rt.

As the Ptnrix was in her Way for lH,ii.t, Ihf railed at
the Iiland ot J-.hannay and there found 3Ln EifOjh Ship,
called ilic Briji:l, flopping; lome I/raks in her Bottom
Captain Tyrd!, bv a difiKiifing Power from the King ol
Jtjt^!and, fei/xd hrr, and defigntd to have carried her to
B6inl(jy, in Company with a fmall Vcflel that he had fei/.ed
on the Coaft of Modaf^afcar. The Brifta! funk the third
Day after they put to S<:a, l>ut the cthtr c.inw late. The
Ilrtjid Men were looked on as Pirates -, and one Mr,
Mrxs, a Su|>ercargo, was arraigned Ixfore the (irneral's
Tnbu a', where he hiniielf fst l>ord Chirf Jullice; and
after his uUul Manner of bcl^owinr.; opprobrious Name«,
he condemned Mr. Mnjs to lol'e all ihat he had in the
World, and One thouland Poum'.s bcfulcs, and to lie in
Prifon at his own Charge, till the line was jiaid ; but Mr.
yoMx, vA.ij was Judge of the Ifland in petty Affairs, (hew
ed him tH? WcakncU of his Srntencc, and j)erlu.idetl him
to fet the poijr Man at Liberty, and order him a Paflagc
for EntlunJ.

A. I have taken tlieCr Pafla<];rs from the Travels of one
Captain llamilion, fo U[X)n his Credit 1 mtft leave tlirni.
He liad ihc Reputation of being an honcil and a finiiTf
Man, and one fo far from Uing Ibliv^flcd of having but
a Gender Regard for Truth, th.it, on the cfintrary, he was
held cntliufiallitally fond ot it, lo a'> tj have lj>okc it ui< n

all Occjfion*, and without »ny' H(|<ird tf) ihr p„„,| o|,|
Maxim, llnl ttv'b 11 rntt tt h jfvkKt at ctl'lmn \
muH liki-wili- have I eavr to fliy. that I knew nut Mmt

With a Spirit of l*ri ludire rsr Atiiin.ii„y, ,( j, p,,,,^ , j
my Fault, and ijuite iKlidi my inttntion , Ik (ih sail t|,j.
the Fai'h relifed are fo nototitm*, and to very rapj|>|f , i
being difpri.vfti Ir.itn thtir very Nimri, «t the fnrr tin -•
that publuk and privatt- Intrrelh wrrr rmi.illy rotucmtj
to d fprove them, th.u I cannot h-^lp thi-M !» the r re-
maining fo many Year^ as my Author's Book h.is tVen prinf.
cd, unqurrtioned as well as unrtpuicd, is a !■ '♦icirnt
Keafon to btlitvr that though very ixtr.ioi(!in,iry, they arc
yet coiiliftent with Tnnh v ami it f), | 4m vtry furrtliat
no FartN fan better dehrn- a Plate in this llillory than
they tlo.

ihc Dultb all this time vtty fira lily pinfiicd their Plan
of driving Hi tMit ot the WrV-, In tii'ue of War thry at-
tacked us dircaiy, and havin;; a fuperiur Strrrgth, h.id
generally the hftier of m \ but in tim • if Pea.e.'b iwtrn
the States ot the Vn»tt,i Prninrfi, Mi\ ihi iVownot (,>t,it^
Bri'iiiH, they lontmtrd thrmlrlves with attaikii g the h-
dtan Princrs, to whole IX»niiniims sve tr.u'ed, and 'irofc-
cuting the War againlt them, till i.<ch tiimas t'.^y were
obliged, from a l*irwuiple ol Self-prelrrvation, to pilrchale
their own Peace by rxi lu.Iing tiv. It was in this m.i'Ter,
and after a long War lariied 1 11 tor ihit Pi.rp -fe, tint the
Dut(t> were fo fortunate m the Ifl.ind of //tvi, as to e rry
their I'oint entirely ', U> ih.u alter a lo.ij; c.vil War Wi on
foot, and encouraged by tlieni iKlwcen the (,ld Kin^r i,,,,!
his Son, by the Help tit the Litter in Jnrtc lO-^j, the l)md<
ditixjAitred the hnyhth C'onip.my (I th ir Fael> rv <if l!,w-
lam, on the Weft F.nd ot J>n>tf \ and the Ex?! [h h.vmf
a minil to rrgam it I7 Force ot Arj s, iMnIt (cviul Si's
ol Isetwern (txry ami li vrnty (Jtiiis, |i< tluii if .Inno K'^fe,
thry had a Meet rrai'y viilinllrd, and tninn d with f vrn
or ripht thoul.ind Men, to the NutuUrot twrnrv-ilucc
Sail ot I .ine of Battle Ships | which I' x[ii luc, and tiie ci n-
tinual C raving ol the Court, brought thcr .Sio. k vrry lovs^
yet fmce the Maw of theCouit wis nit enough crainni'-!',
the King laid Fmb.iri'<K-s on the Meet liom I'line to I mie
for nine Months, nnd then the Ow/r^ Fnil-alVidor hid Or-
ders ro prtfent his Majelfy with on< hundred li oiiland
Pounds, if he would (oinnund the C mipapy not 10 iile
Viol'me. He fnapt at ilie Bait, bu I deleaicvl the iJefign
to all Intents and Pui poles, which was of intimte Pi ju-
dice to the Conip.my's Atlaiis, gave the Dutch vail iV\-
v.int.igcs, and was highly dilhonouiaMe, as Will as detri-
mental to the N.ition.

IV Upon tlic Aeeifl'ion (f King Jurnn the Second to
the Throne ot l:tt^..ful, the hitji Imiti Company found in
him a llill more jKiwirlul Pmtev'lor th.m they had dune m
his Brother, though he grantril thrm a new Charter, d.ited
the 3th ot OHiicr, in the t'..enty n'.',lith Vearof hii !<> ijti,
and extended this again by anothei C lurter, i'Mr(\ the nth
of ingujl, in the thiiiy-lihh ot it, But King y^/r.-fej not
only extended their PiiviN-prs as a Cnmpany, lait b<inr,
jsirfuaded th.it fuch I'teiugativcs wcie neu ilary to the car-
r^'ing on then IVade, lor the ptrjinoritig ot wliah he would
deny noih'ng, he in a manner thared his Sdvrreignty with
them, by granting them .1 Power to enVt 1 oirrills raile
Armies, exeeuir martial I .iw, and coin Mi.nry ■, all whiiu
was with a View to make them miial in Power with the
Dutch, and to enal f- them to f-rute at kail a confuh r.ible
Share of this prolitable'l'rade to his Siil'ii^ts, I'nder Ibprj-
cious and kind a Prince, we nr,"d ikh ,it all wuiuirr, tlut
the Company extended ihnr Auihoiiiy vrry coiiliilci.il ly,
but the grr,it Mistnrtiiiie wai, tli.ii iliey exteiidrtl it only
over, and not lor the Benciit ot thiir Countrymen, .is wc
fhall prclcntly Itr.

I'he Comjiany having fuch a Number of great Ships on
their Fiatul.% were obliged to fend them abnMil •, but h.iv
ing no Stock to empluy them, onUrtd the (ien.r.iK am!
Cliicfs ol t!'.e I aiMoriis u\ India to Imrrow what Suins ili y
could on till- C (.ni|inny*s( ndii lionitlie /«./m« Mriih.ini'-,
to liidr tlK•lr^.l.,l 1 1 oiii'*, which mronlingly rhey did, .ind
i w! .It

4\ i

^Di miioruai

Bo(A. I

Chap. If. ffetvceeH the hhahitants of Great-Britain, £?i'.

pot

^'■» "' <T^/ 'y,„;„, ,
i« I kntw rot where

'"fT Hown, flu,, r„
"»"• .But if fhrri I,.
»"y J'niths wr,tt,.,
'"'"y. it i^ no-K- „|
"•■'M Mil.nalltiii.
"'• fo viTV r^i.j|.|^ ,,,'
I'f. «t thr fiiiTtirv,.
WnnMllyaH^.rrnid

^H<y.kh.l,t.rrnprinf.
""•'I. ii a (. 'Ji,-,,,,,
tr.ir),<i|n,iry, thryjr,.
. I 4fn vt ry fiirr tli.it
'">h.j HiKory ,h,,n

'y pinfTi'tl their Pfan
*"i'- <'f War thry at-

'"','f Sfrcrgth, hul
• •' PcKT, h-twfcn
tfu Oowtiof (,»v,,^
itl) .ittiukiiR thr /#.
"■"''■•'I, an,! proi;..

ll tlllH ui t'.i y Were
•'v.ition, to piirihjK-
«-i^ in tilts nufirrr
"•*i'T'f"i-, thnili,"
'• y'"'", h\ to c.rrv
"'Ui'VlJ \V.irrto„
■" flu- 1.1(1 KiOK :,,„|

!'"• /;■'',■''//> h.vinf,
, I'liilt (cv.ul S'lir"!
'Inii in Anno ifA'j,
>nirin.'',l with f v-n
'xr .,» twrnty-ihicc
f["ii(r, and tii-'iMi-

I'TSlO-k VTV Iw,

"rnoiij'h cratiirnci',
'lurn rrinr to | mu-
I"'inha(li,i,.r hut Or-
hiinJrrd fioiiluri 1
■'■'miviny nor (,> ii(<-
Iclratr,! the ivngi)
J'- of inficifp I'rjii-
:hc Duuh vail ,\k\.
\ ai Will iu dttri-

rw; the Saond to
Company fmirut in
I' they hail <\Kjnr in
"I'w Charter, <jatcl
Viarof |,i< K. ign,
rtrr, dated the otii
I't Kiii(» y<«,;,.j not
mpany, luir htiiir,
i< llary to the c\:.
ot whiih he wwild
' Sovfrcigniy wiih
I't I oirndis rail-
Mcnry . all whii j
in I'owfr With tlii;
I all a fonriil<r.ibIi'
ilv I'ndfr lbpr.1-
all wotuirr, ili^t
vrry Conlidrral )y,
I rxtciuliHl it oni/
oimtrymtn, as w,-

nl great Ship'! on
il'toad -, |\ut Ikiv-
llif CKn>r.ils and
' what S'ljins til -y
n.Um Mrnluni ,
',ly rlicy did, ..nd
Ki .ir

wiiat thry could not iodr linmr, thiy were to employ by
I r( ights in India \ and I faw a I .ettrr from (he Governor
of the Company in EngUml, incimatins, that when they
had got a^ much Credit of the Mosurt SubjeAi ai they
touM, then they would nick QuarrcR with the Crediton,
and ptita genfralSton to thrir Trade, which was accordingly
done t tor in i686anu 87, the £»r«/Mirchants traded bnfkly
hy Set to Matba, Prr/a, an«l Baff$ra, to tl»e We'' vard i
ami to Rtngsl, /t(hen, Mti/atca, and Siam, to the Maft-
ward. The (iencral granted I'alTej to all who required
thrm then i but about the btter I'.nd of the Year 1687, he
fent many Complainn and Grievances to the Governor of
Suml, and demanded Kedreis ami Sati!ifa(ftion.

Thcfc Complaints o( his were digelted into thirty-five
Articles, moll t)f which related to MeflT. Pit,' and Boudnr,
who were originally of the Governor's Council, appointed
him by the Company, Men of tair Charaflers, and who
had given him much Trouble, I7 oppoflng all his illegal
and violent Meafures, which made him ufc them fo ill, and
fhew withal fuch an Inclination to uli- them worfe, that to
prel<:rve thcmft-lves tioin Beggary and Ruin, they retired
into the Mogul's Country ■, and Mr. Boucher having, by an
Application to that Monarch, procured his Licence to trade,
continued it with great SiiccclJ) \ but a.s for Mr. Pitt, he
had the Misfortune to be taken by Pirates at Sea, who at
rtrll would have ranlbmed him lor five thoufand Pound's,
but were perliiadcd by the Governor to demand twenty-
five thoufand PotiiuU, fo that he remained a Prifoner to
the Day of his Death •, and the Governor required Mr.
Beutbtr, wIkj refiJed at Surat, from the Governor, toge-
ther with his Wife, Children, and Effefts i the reft of his
Demands were alike reafonabic, and all of them delivered
in fuch Language, as would not become one Gentleman to
ufe to another, much Icfs lit from the Governor of a trading
Company tu fo great a Prince, as may appear from one of
them ; in which he demands, that the Gates of Surat
thould not be (hut, when he went to take his Pleafure, or
Ihould be opened at his Return, and due Refpcdl paid him
whenever he thought fit to unbend his Mind, and to amufc
himlclf with fuch kind of Divcrfions.

Tiicfc Grievances were the Foundation on which General
Child built a Quarrel with the Mogul, without ever fending
them to Court tu know the King's Pleafure ; but without
declaring War, fei/.ed his Subjci^ts Ships, where-ever they
were found, although they had the SanAion of hi<i own
I'afl'es. His Articles of Complaint were but weak Argu-
ments to fupjiort and raife a War that coll his Mafters above
four hundred thouland Pounds before they could get rid of
It, bcfules the I<ols of their Credit with the Mogul, and
his Subjeds, which to this Time is not quite recovered.
F.jr by what Rule in Policy could Sir Joj^ah or Sir Joim
CMld think to rob, murder, and dellroy the Mogul's Sub-
ircls in one Part of his Dominions, and expeil the Company
to enjoy a free Trade m the other Parts? Or how could they
fiippofc that hi- would Hand muter.' The General having
Inch a great NumlxT ol Ships on his Hands, and little
J'.niploynient for them, fcnt them to Mochti, Perfia, and
lUngai, where ihzSuratcrs had lent theirs, under the Pro-
tv.-ction ol his Palfes. Captain Andrrxi in the Ch. II. went
tu Alod'a, and let up the King of England's Flag on his
I'.uHory, and there he Ici/ed two hnghp Ships, one fiom
ling^lund, called tiie Stra^ht's Menhanl, commanded by
Captain Bear, and another belonging to Mr. Samuel
If'hiiehorn at Suwi; llie was commanded by one Captain
H'rcn, whom they killed in the Cabbin, becaufe ho would
not deliver his >>liip up voluntarily 1 there was but little of
i!mr Cargoes on Board c.t the Siiips, fo they might as well
luvc let them alone. 1 iowcvir, luch doings difpleafed the
( tovcrnor and Merchants of Muba, and they had a Defign
to force Captain Andrews to n tlore the Ships -, but he fuf-
peiiiing us nuich, tied on Buaul, and left liis Colours Hying
on the lacftory.

He loon alter left Merkr, and carrieil his two Prizes
with him ; and Mr. C/ive, Sui)ercargo of the Stnights Mer-
(hant, got Bills for his Stock, payable at Crand Cairo,
except aL>oiit lixty Bales of CotVee, that he carricxl with him
to Eniltivd, where it fold very well, and the Company were
obliged by laiw to make g<x}J all his Sitip's Cargo /ro

Numb. 61.

rata, as thole fixty Bails fold for, which nmoiinffd to
thirty-two thouland Pounds. The Br{jltP% Cargo was alio
made good to her Owners, with the Ship that wm taken at
'Johanna by the Pbirnix, which came to Hxty rhoufand
Pounds I and the TJttli Betty, that Wai alfo tafcen hy the
Phtrnix, in her Way to India, coll them twelve thuuliinrl
Pounds, thou^^h flie and her Cargo at Bombay were Ibid for
lefs than llx hundred Pounds. The Owner of that Velll'l
was one Mr. Uaftewetl, a <.^iaker, and a fubllantlal Mer-
chant in London, who arrellcd Captain lyrtU going iilVtlie
Exchange. The Captain proffctcd King "Jamei lor Bail t
but the Quaker would not accept of him \ yet wa* conienc
to accept of Sir Jofepb Uernt, who txcame Ball. The
Charles, drfar, and Royal James anil Mary, way-laid the
Surat Shipping, and brought in fourteen .Sail to Bombay^
in Anno i68!i, and yet no War with the Mogul« only with
the Inhabitants of Surat, whom he threatened to humble,

In OiJober 1688, he went to Sural Road in the Boyal
Jamet and Mary, with three or four other Shipa of Coun-
tenance, to try if he could bully the Governor, and frighten
the Merchants to a Compl'ance of lofinu their I'.lltttes i but
svas difappointcd in butli. He (laid there till the Hi*gtii>
ning of January 1CK9, and then left Surat In a HutV, and
brought all the Englijb Ships, except the Ship Adventurtt
which the Phcenix had forced over the Bar, when Ihe wai
lying at the River's Mouth, taking in « Cargo for Knf'
land, under the Proteftion of Mr. Boucher'* birmand, I low-
ever, her Supercargo dying, the Ship's Bottom was eaten
up with Worms in the River, anti \mi of tlic Cargo re-
mained many Years in Mr. Boucber'% Pufrclllon, On the
Grneral's Pafliige to Bombay, he met with a Fleet of Vcf-
fels that were carrying Corn to an Army of the Mogul'a
that lay at Dunderrajab-pore, about Iburtren IiTHguei to
the Southward of Bombay : That Fleet he alio feixtHl, and
carried into Bombay, though againft the Opinion of mull uf
his Council. Before this Seizure, he afkeil the O|>inion ol'
fome Sea Officers, and one Captain Hilder Ijcing the eldert,
advifed him not to meddle with the Corn Fleet, lieraufc it
would (Iraiten the Army, and force them to look abroad far
Provifions, where it might be procured, and iv^rhapi
might alleft Bombay, which was in a great Meauire Ik-
holden to its Neighbours for Sullenancc and Fire-wood.
The General infulted him with fcurrilous laingiiage, called
him Coward ami I-ool, and bragged, that if Stdti ^actltp,
which was the Mogul General's Name, diould dare tu
come with his I-orccs to Bombay, he would blow him off
again with the Wind of his Bum. Cowards are generally
ftout when Dangers are at a Dillance, and fu was our Cie-
neral, who had never feen a Sword drawn in Anger, and
who was confequently very ill acquainted with War ( and
when it came to his Door, none was ever lo confounded
and fu dejedled as he was, as appeared by hii Condudl in
that War, that he lb fooliflily brouglit on himfeU' and hit
Country.

When the News came to Sedee Jaceup, that hit I'lcrt
with his Provifion of Corn and Cloth, were feized, and car-
ried to Bombay, he lent a civil L>.tter to our General to dif-
charge his Fleet, protelUng, that as he hud not nicddlcd
in the Affairs between him and the People of Surat, he
would continue neuter, unlefs he was forced to ilo other-
wife. But our General gave him an infolent AiitWer, and
the Fleet was unladed at Bombay. WiV J'iuoup lent a|;aiit
to defire the Delivery of his Fleet in plain I'crms other-
wile ho would be obliged to come with his Army and quar-
tcr in Bombay, where his Provifums were detained i and
that if his F'leet was not fet at liberty before the 1 ith of
February, which was near at Hand, he would certainly Iw
at Bombay the 14th. But Hill receiving uncivil Anfwers,
he performed his Promife to a Tittle \ for that very Night
he landed at a Place called Souree, about four MileH ilillant
from the main Fort, with twenty thoufand Men ut his Back.
Our General's Security had nuile him negfeil providing for
receiving fuch Gucffs, trulling to the Reputation ol tli©
Forces, which were greater than ever they had been licforc,
or ever were fince that Time \ and he hail iiiiall ShiM
•enough, had they been placed in proper Places, that might
certainly have hindered his landing, and forced hlin home
again •, but all thofc necelVary Preparations were neijlctltd,

lu U Md

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/.'/J11/.y>l« *i,., Tt,U.i,LU ^..J.,

j^oi .,.,4 W* luflorkaJ Aciouut of thi iutercourfi ,^^ I»Ik)ok I.

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■i^

tful ihc id4t lauJevl al Mulrunlit, «nil the Rciloubl, •licrc
hi Umicil, liuil a great »iui» to give the AUrm, jikI lu
ildlitrJ thill I'oll, •nil the Stdce tuik I'tilVcirion i)f it.

AiOne in ihi Mornii^thcCilllt »neil thrn-'Gutw logivc
thi (Niurjl Noitic, wltiih buKighdiKh Irjr on tlwl'c that
livtvl Inuri-Iy >n thru lloufrs vnithout ilic C'4l)l' . that the
i>oiw Ujilits, l^itli v.hiic ami Wack, ran half luknl to the
roif, ami unly larrial ihcir ChiLlrrn with llirni , luit tluy
were all ot)ligril to M4it «iilioiil the 'A'all, (ill Day li^jht
KUiVi.l tlmn. Nrnt Murninj; tlw .SV^i* nuichcil to A///
/It/^vi, a fmall \ >i\ ut ^Hirtccn (iuos, aiul alvjiit a raiuluiii
Shot tiilUnt li.iin tin Callii-. On the I'nrnw'i Ajipro-wh,
ihe Koit, liioiiuh lituatc^l on a I'uiiit ol Ko«k», whin- the
Sia ililemltil ihrre t^aricrs ol it, *a» all .ilrlcrtfil iii Inch
Preiif'itancy tlut \:%M or ten CliclK ut Tnalure, which
generally cwutain om- thouliinil I'ound* each, anJ (uur
Clif lis ol new Arn»v, wote li It lH.liinil, ihoi.gli the Sranjen
tliat IV re lent m Boats to Ihiuh tlniii oir|iintVfrul toiatry
ihrm along with (hni) t btn the loniuutulmg Ollkcr
tliDiigl'.t them n«.t tit to U- tuilinl with Monev and Arinn,
■ukI \o they were kk lor a I'lckni to S:di< i,u*iip, wuji
luirttrn Canv.in, two Muttar, wiili loiiie I'owJrr, Shot,
aiHl Sl^'ls. Bit why tliat TrtaiWi', arnJ tiioie ArntiiaiKl
Aninioinbon win- (lr)>»ritiJ m A/j;: j^D", lew coiiiil account
for I and tlu Kialoii why they were leh to the huriny wa*
a woiKlei/ui: But it i> ilatn, lliai l!i-: o!.i SVay ut lilhi.ig
in irDu'ilcd W.itrri wa> Kno^n at Utmiiuj; and ihrUific4.-r
tv.u never calkd tti account toi l.u Ovcifi^lit. >iJ/f ta-
i.kp, (iiidin^ no 0,>(xiruiu:i, lent a I'aity ol M n towardi
A/rf' •• to j,i,ii.di:r thr |Kx)i IV4! int«, and to ta xc the l-ort,
wli.ci lK-th(iU^!i( nii^lit be liiKriid a^ liic rcll li. 1 l>rin,
and wa.s not in the I. alt out >■! hi^ ^ i.i\jc>^turc , tor ih.' ' ir-
rifoi lud e.iibarlvi.l m Buat-., and came by va to bui>-h.:y
Ix lore rhcy Ciw ai linciry \ tlio Wti" takii.j I'olUirion ..t
M-'-^un, hoil'ci', his Hij', tiicrc, and niat'.c it lut Iwad
Qiurtiiv I'm lollowirj; l^ay loin- ot iIk- I'-ncry a|>-
jKarr.l Oii A/,.j^\/mi lliiis whA.!> ^;iiiVul our (iiiKul'*
nghiioiU Soul to lee InadiL c jidc io lica. him in a liulluc
manner.

i Ic called a Million of iiis own, one Caj'tain Ptaii, who
was no better S«)|dicr than hrnliK, and orili.(cd hurt 1 > talie
two LoMii)anK:>, r.i. h Cll^.lalPin^ alxtut fivcnty M.n, aiul
nurili to thofe Hi!K,ar.d drive the I'netnyoutol Sight; he
ordered one Monro, who had bten a Soldier at lant-.tr, co
Ih: his Lu Mtirant In ijif^tcr he had received a Wound
m hi\ I led tlu! Ip'iiled Ins runiui g, and accordingly tiiry
niarchol in Hih^I Ordtr within Sh't ot the Kneiny, who
fluAid tlu'ir Hta.'.!> al>uvc the Surtax- ot (Jic ilill, but
lit I iKjt otVcr tu adv.ui:i-, or cxixile their Bodies i itveral
frtnil iiKn VoloniK-u t'jok tiu-ir Amis, .uid auonipanied
ill'.- little Army Tin Lieutenant adviicd the Captain to
r.iarch uj> the Mill in I'iaKKin* to liparatc tin l-.neiiiy'i
KiiCv-j. 'I itc Captain, \n;io took it as an Ali'ront : .. iv ad-
Mi'-.i, told h'.! f .•riittnir.t, tliai when he had the Cniiinund
m hi* own II.ii;,;j, he iniftht ule 11 as he thou,;ht lit ; But
a% It wx* irtrjllid to linn, h'* would \ii: it according to
hn own Mind, in.\ io oukrcil his Men lo iprta^l ai much
ai th-y could -, a:Kl when tliry uw.' the l-.neniy o^icn in the
Pian, to dikhargc all a: ( nee aniongU them, which hc
f«id wo'.ijd tirrily them \lcnra oppofed hi* Scheme, and
fold h.iii ol the Dai'.gcr he woiilJ br.iig himlllf and them
into, li the Incniy mould attack thi.in, whili^ thnr Amis
wrre- leloaiung ; but iwt'iinp could tiiiruadc hirii from lui
Proi.-ei, and fo cominan led hii Men to fire, as lit liad
•hrected. 1 he Sedtes bcinn ten '.o one in Numben, and
I e-tter Kuniun tlun our M(.n, and better acquan ted with
tlofe- fighting with .Sword and Target, took hoi I ol the
Opportunity, .u.d advanced with all thr;: Sjirtd, which the
Cap<am {xrceiviag, betook himUlf f. his i Icils, and was
the te-remoft Man to the I'ortugueze Cluirrh, wiicrc he
took Courage- to look iiiumi hiin, to lee what was Ixrcoinc
I'l his Men. I'oor Moin thinking to (lop th«- luicmy's
Carinr by a Pm of ik- Wing liut he (omn.anded, found
I .inf. d dclerted by ;dl tnit thirteen or lourtem Oout 1-cl-
'"*»» wlio were loon fi.rrounded by the 1. .my, and cut to
I'.ecej. /Vflnhad not (i >} ,.'d at the I'ertuj^un/ Chun h had
! '• (lot lor, ml a Party c( one hundred Men tha. lay there
iToely to itipjion or receive hini, m, Ins Cult Ihculd require.
J Ic waj a i-tliuw ai well iiuJc lor ruiuuiig a!> any titat w^ii

ever lei II, and wa» lu much 10 tlie f Jcj»cnU'«t«vow, that
he hail not lu mui h 41 a Kcpiimand fur hit Cowatdic^ nyi
MillicliavKHir. 1 bii KcJation I had, Uy% Laptawi li Itum
a (irntUnvaii vohioiier, wh' 4lwa)rs kept nur the CiUii4in
while he could keep I'ate .. ,ih him. '

When tlic (jencral left iV*/, there were fcvtral GiiHt.
men m it, loim- in tlic Cumpaiiy's Service, and loiiw u\.
vate Ferfoos, who were tU iiiiprilunni, ami pm ,„ !,„„,
e«iq>t Mr. H$u^b(T and hit iJcprndanu, wku w«rc Ln>'
tceUd by his I'hirmaund. I'hole imprilunrd were Icvciely
ulcd, iKii.g titiliged 10 pals through the Sirects with liwu
alxiui thfir Neiks, lor Spedailes to pleafc the Mob. Catv
tarn 'Jtbnitn ajul Captain JramjM, though |Mitieular Mcr-
ihantJ, were ulihged to ail tin it I'aru in the iragi-Co
mcdy, and coiuinue I'lifoncis where Cipuin 'JuLnltu
died \ but Captain ictmM got his Liberty at die bid ut
the War, whuh was about the Beginning ol 'Jurt iOqo
1 will now return b-iek to the Year i68ti, wlien Sir Ji^
H'lihtH was lent Itom tufland with a Coinnulliun ut
Judge- Admiial liom the King, and he bad likcwitc ano-
ther Con>niiir.oii trum tiie (jovrri or of tlic C'umpany
whieh they made hii:i believe was alio from the King, to
condemn and h iifxilnitcen of the Inhabitanuol .i/.//V„«j
whire. 111 a Tuuiult caulid by ih: Oppreliiui.s ul liic <ui.
vcinor of th.it lllaiid.t.iK y*/ »',»», the Seiond, was kill.d.
Sir Jiih'i l^i^itrn t<<k ins l'4lt'agc to litJiti on t)uaid the
Ship lA,rJ„»^ and 111 Ins Way 11 lied at St. Udiiu, and
liaiii^vd up tiie thirteen prulerilKd iVrlons without Lornior
I'rtxi Is lor whuh the Company pa>il dear alterwardi , .unl
lii had Sir .7«^<i| hail he lived. But he liniting the illegal
I'rocrediui.sol Mr. (.hiU to be inlupportable, and incetiiii;
with many AJruiits ilioni that Man without M.iniien^ .li.il
at tij'Hk.:y ab^iut two Monthk Ixlorc the iVi^v cuiie m .t.
1 Ic ssas inti> h lainent'.d, ly all honelt Mcu t!:at kncv. |i,:ii.
He s\as Caj lam ol liie //<V/y Rtturn, who .rciMn^anied
the Glmcfitr^ wlmi (lie isas bringii.g the Duke ut lurk
lu \oiiu»J, anei lull by the Way. It vs,ui C'ai)iam/i<^^i.;ii
that lent 111-. Barge to wait un the Puke, and brought luiii
tide on jKiard the Uafjy Rtturn, who earned him lorvkard
to S,o!;.:iiil, tor wliieii goosl Service he was knighted-, he
svas ever alter a great l-avouritc with Kingyuaicj, wi,o
feeing he lould not Ik; brought into his Meaiiircs, put thai
Kmploymcnt on l.iin to diliiiir» him with i lunour : Aiul
now the SfJft king Mailer ot the whole Illand, except the
C'afli.*, and alxiut hull a Mile to the Southward ol th«
C'alUr Ix mlril Batteries on Duttj(r(tHiil, which over-
looked the I'ort Wall, and dillutbeil the Garril'on very
much -, tli-ri he put tuur great duns in the Ck/itm-JLuje,
(oaununly called th India IIihj'<, and railed a Battery at
tlic MtodKi-Uuj:, Within two hundreil I'aeesot tlieCouit,
and another in the 1 4dy's l-ioulc,that he had been lu uid^iiid
til, lo that It ssas dangetous to go out or in at the Caiilc
( late, till we got up in hail Moon over it. All Men were
then prclVcd into the Cum|any'> Scfvice, and our Auti.ur
among the lelt.

Wr pailed, lays he, the Months from April \q Stfinnhtr
very ill, lor I'rovilions grew Icarcr, by the Addition ot ti.i(c
thouland Sivajta that were employed as Auxiliaries in thr
military Seivicc ot the Company. When the Winter
Months ss'eie over, in Sepumkr we went to .Sea with our
fmall Ships to ciuuc on the Mogul's Subjects and had
Pretty gojii Succrls. 1 was employed in that Service, and
had the Command of a fmall I'rivatrer ot fcven or eight
Tuns, with twiniy lighting Men, and futeen Rowers. I'l
three or tour Months 1 brought nine Prizes into lion.i.n,
laden moll with Pruvilicuis and Cloaths for the luiemy'.
Army, which was now uicrcafcd to forty thouland ; bi;t
W'c were n'>t a;'uwed any Plunder, but were lather plun-
dered ourfelves , lur whc-a wc brought our Prizes in, uur
(. hefts weic levercly (carchcd, and if wc hail laved any ot
our Pay, it wa.s fcurd lur the Company's Ule, ai Muney
We liail fou:iu in tlu Prices, whii li made us carclels in pur-
luing the liiieiiiy at Sea : I'.xccpt when I lunger pincJied >ve
never lookeu out lor Piizrs i by which Inditfercncc of ouis
iTuny ot the l-tKiny clla|)ed that we couU havctak'n.
Ihe ill Succrfs we had amorr with f!ie l-'jicmy nuile our
(iencral lick, and in D ctn.btr I '-• dilpatched two^Kattors
to til- Mogul's Court, wit'i a S-i'ai Merchant callc^ M'tr
A4.za,-^i. , h- wa> ur hriend, and had fuiii^ latercA at

Court.

^mmBMMssMiMuauiiBmai

Chap. n. leiwecH tfje Inhabhami of Gfeat-Brltain, ^c.

Court. They went unckf the N«me el the V.»iU^ Vm-
trnffidant Mr. Cnr%ih¥tHtn w.u firU in Commiiruxi, and
Ainb»m N(Uvtr, ■ Jtw, m^^ fccond. In fifteen Dayi
tfacy arnvetl tt Court, bcin|r thru at Jthtim^iit.

They wcrr rfrivcd luir coldly i but a'lnit ihr Middle
•f ^^'^/t by the (j)crk) AHlttancc tii iVIcnti to the Officrrs
•I Cmirt, they wem admiued to Audlfmc, but were
bnMiKht to /tnm)ixfi''s HreleiKe, after a new Mode fur Em-
bafladun, thnt Hand* being tied by a Salh bt-torc ihtm, and
wrre obligetl to proftrate thcmfi-lvn. Tltc King gave
ihcm a (rrcre Reprimand, and then alkrd their Dimandi,
They flr<V maAv a Cdtrflion of ilicir Faults, and Jcfircd
Pardon. Then that their i'liirmauod, wliirh w.i^ turteit-
ed, (hiiuld be renewed, ami that the Sidii and hii Army
ihould be ordered off Bomkny \ their Submillion he accept-
rtl of, and uardonrd their Faults, on coniltiion that Mr.
(^U flioulu Iraivt hUia in nine Months, and ni-ver come
back again. I'hr Phirmaund tii he renewnl on condition
that Sanifa^tion ihould hr friren hii Subjeds on OLCOunt
of l)rhts cnnrra(^ted, KuMwrtet (-omnuttni, and Lob and
Damaqci made U'mkI \ and on Sccuruy given (or the due
IVrfiiriiuuirri "f thrli- IViriCes the Stdtt »n(\ hi» Army
thniiti be onicrol olf the IlUiul.

In 'Jmniry General Child died, which much farilitated
their .AAaiiKt Init it ^ts ke|it Icrrec at Court, till they
knrw h'jw the Kinp would order thr .AttHir about him. In
Mjrcb, .^fhn Mfzamit di^d alio, and it wai liip|K>lrd was
poiljor! by lome I'.nemita rontraited liy Iiiiiho<kI Strvicci
to the J'lfi'/h Wlicn he was givm onr by the I'liyiicians
0«ir '.•mbarta '/ri In t to know what ho h.id done with tiie
fihy tlioulanii Kup><.-ca he hnd received hir fctret Stivices?
Hi at t'.vcird, that he was lurry that ever lie had nu Jdlcd
in their Affairs t tor hi' had fervid thtm even with his I.itr,
and yet tht7 were not contented ; f»r what Vk that Sum
W.11 put to, he liurft not lijvulge. When our Allairs were
in fu bad Circumlhncr; at the Mogul's Court, the Duub
Company hod onr Mr. Bsr«en tlicir I'.mbalTadur there, who
deligncii to impoli- on Aiirinpefi, who he thcHight wai ig-
norant of Eirepean AfTairi. '1 he News of t hi T< evolution
in Britain being arrivetl in India, when hi- had aw Audi-
cnic of /fc>(*ijzr^, he- began to magniiy the I'owcr and Au-
thority of hi\ Country, and viiiify the Enfhft}

1 he Mogul lm.^•dto be plealrd with his Dilcourfc and
encotiraf^cd hitn to go on : 1 le faid, that the Enfiifh were
but contemptible in Coinp.irilbn of his Sovereigns, lor they
were forced tu (end the F.ng.'ijh a King to rule over them i
and that if his Majerty would exclude the t.nf^hjh from the
Trade of his Dominions, the Dut(b would tarry it to a
much greater Height, and enrich his Ireafury, and the
Enj^lijh would not know where to gt' Bread. I he Mogul
pra»efy onfwrred, that if his Mailers were io much fupe-
rior in Power and Riches to the Enffifl), they might eaiiiy
drive ilirm out of India, and cngrols all the I'Miie ot his
Countries to themfelves, and commandcii him to tell his
Malf:rs, that he expi fted it from them. Then the I'.inbaf-
liuior encufeil himti-lf, and iiud that hr could acf nothing in
thar Affair, till he receiveti Orders frr)m Holland: Ju-
rtn)^xtb then reprimaniled him, and Ihewed him wherein he
hai) lyed i for, fays he, about feventeeii Ye.ir^ apo the King
of trance conquered rnoft of your Country in a tew l>ays,
and then it was the Englijb, and not the Power ot Holland,
that repelled him \ and that if Enj^iand did not hole! the
Ballance of Power, either the Emperor, or the King of
Eranci, couUi conquer it one Campaign. The F.mbatfador
ktiew not how to anfwer thefc Truths \ but being tent to
foUicit Ibme Indulgence in that Trade, he could obtain
none, and fo lett the Court dilTatislied.

After our EmbafTadon had obtained I'ardon, they bep;in
to be rct|>ecled, and had liberty to take their Diverlions
abroad, till a new Phirmaiind was drawn up, which, ac-
cording to the Method of Eallern Court}, took up fome
Time. However, Oiders were fent to the Scdef to forbear
Hotlilittrs, and the Eagtifi) had the fiime Orders i ib that
fRquenc Vifits pttfTed between the Sedtt'% People and otn-s;
ancl during the War, about fixty Europeans of fcveral
Nations had deferred us, and took Pay of the Stdte. The
Keafon they gave for their I> fertion was ill I Mii^e tht y i --
ceived from fome Irith Officers, yet rnoft of thcin ntunicd
after the Wir, on prumili: of Pardon. Tlic Phuinaund

being ready, and the required Security given, Stdtt taaup
left Btmhtj; the 8ih tAJuiu 169O1 but ne alio left a Pclti-
Icnce behind him, which In four Months Time dellroynd
more Men than the War had dune, and for Juy made •
nuhrioOi Bonfire of his head Qiiarten, Maiagm Furt.

Now we may feu the Mugul'i .Stile in hi* new Phir-
maund, to be fent to Smrttt at it Hands tranflated from
the Comiuny't Interpreter, which runs thus in the printed
Copy annexed to Sir John CbiW% Articles of Cricvancei :
** The Occafion of your writing to me was, your being
" in Fa lit in all thefe Tro*iblci ( that you have re{)entca
** of what you have done t that you mad.. Icvcral Com-
" plaints againft former Governors t all which I have
" here from ieveral of my Omras, and the fcveivl
" AlHil'es received from them and their Officers ; all
" which you Ihould have acquainted me with before you
** proceeded lit violently. Having acknowledged your
" l-.rror, and defired Pardon, I i\o not only grant your
" Retjuelf, pardoning what is paft, but granting yuu »
" Phirmaund, according to your I>efire, and have order-
*' ed ."fffit Uaun to forward it to the Governor of .V«r<i/,
" witli l°u<h Particulars as he will acquaint you with. At
*' the Arrival ot my Phirmaund, rtteivc it with great Rc-
" fpei't, acknowledging the great Glory you have got in
" obtaining the lame. I'hat you may trade as formerly
" at your Ploafure, and as accuftornary. That you delf-
" ver to the Merchants that have complained againft yoii
•' their Ships, with their tftetJts. That, for the future,
" you do not commit the like Error in doing as you have
" done \ anil proceed according to my Will and Pieat'ure,
" and lie not torgrtfiil of the lame. If you receive any
'* A flVonts from my Governors, or thtir Officers, or any
*' of my Stibiec>f;, fx: not negligent in acquainting me
** oi the laine ; I have ordered .Ifu-Caun to write acord-
*• ingly. What yoti write ronteiniiig former Goveriu.js
" protecting Mr. Bouchtr, that you Iiarc leverai Demands
" on him \ that you i-aiinot call him tu an Account, dc-
" firing that he may be delivered to you \ my Order is,
" that you prove your Dcmai'ds according to l..;w, tliat
" Julhce may l)e done accordingly. Dated the jift
" Year of yikrtnezel''i Reign."

It leems, the Ring was not ignorant of the hard Ufage
his Siibj 'ets hati met with •, nor was he delirous of Seve-
rity in punilhing OtVcnces and Atfronts, but, like an in-
dulgent Prince, only told them of tlieir Faults, and pru-
dently admoiufliing them not to be guilty ot tailing into
fuch like Errors \ and, in a Majeftick Stilc, advifed thenti
to rtccivi his lavour and Graces with great Refjxdl ; and
that tht y ought to make the I .aw the Standard ot Juftice,
and in all his Words and Acflions ufc a Chriftian Modera-
tion. General Child U irg dead, Mr. John l''iiux fucceedcd
him in the (iovernment 01 Ikmkvi : But Mr. Baribok-
mew Harris, who had tieen Prifoner at iVd/ all the Time
of the Rupture, had the Seniority in the Company's Ser-
vice i but It nut being a Cuftom for one that had been the
Mogul's Prifoncr lor any Ciimes jui ged to be capital, to
receive publick Marks of Efteem friiii the State, without
a fingular Amnclly from the King, Mr. Vaiix was obliged
to go to Sural, and receive the Phirmaund, and tlie
King's Strpaw, or Prcfcnt, which, on fuch Oecafions, is
generally a fineliorle, and a Suit of Cloath^ from Head to
Foot, made of rich Atlafles, or Zccrb-lhts 1 thofe are
Sattins, or Taffaties, full of Ciold and Silver Flowers
wrought in them. The Horfe muft never after be fold
on any Account whatfoever. They have alio a fine 1 ur-
ban, embroidered Shoes, and a Dagger of Value tluck in-
to a fine Ciimmerband, or Safli ; and being equipped in
that Habit, the Thirmaund is pretinted by ilic Goefber-
daar, or Holhaliioukkin (or, in Englijh, the King's Mef-
fenger) and the Governor of the I'lovincc or City, makes
a Ihort Speech adapted to the Occjfion, fetting forth the
great Honcwr conferred upon him by the grtateft King in
tiic World , with an Admonition to make his faiurc Ac-
tions dtfervc fuch Favour?.

After theaforefaid Manner Mr. Fmx received the Phir-
maund in a 'jildc.* ik)x i and, ;v cording to Cuftom, pul
it on I. is iurban lor a little wh' and, by an Interpreter,
rctuK.ed the Governo. a Compliu.ent, atknov.lc.'yintj the
king's Favour and tlic Guvtrnor'b Civilitits -, and clieti the

Go-

;

.jreat-britain, Fc^c.

Ah hiflorkal Account of the hitcrcourft N Book I.

1 \

pi '

'Ml'

1^1?.

'.' ■

904

i;ovcmor comli.led him from thf Garden (whrrc the C<^
rtmony w« prrfomwi) info the C.iT, through a grc.u
Concourfe of Vi-ople, who wefcomeo him with Shouts vi
Joy as hr paffrd ihrmjgh the Strertt to the Englifi Fac-
tory. After Mr. ^aux had ftayetl in the City about a
Wcrk, he ftnt to a«]viaint the (iovernor of the NeccfTity
he lay under to return hack 10 hi^ Ciovernment of Bombay,
but the Governor fent him Word, that none but he couM
be trtifted by the King, to (ee the Performance of the
Contraft acccmpiifhrd, and begged he would not think of
leaving the City, left the King fhould take it amifs ami
repent him of the Favours he had (hewed ro the E-ifl In-
4tia ConMMny \ and lo Mr. Vsux was dtiained a Hoftagc
for his MaHrr's future gootl Behaviour. Mr. Harris, ac-
cording to that Company's ordinary Cuflom, demanded
the Prefidency fiom Mr. /'4»jr, who, to fave Contention,
gave it to him 1 though his Mind was fo debilitated, that
he was but few Degrees wifer than an Idiot i and, in two
Vear3 Time, Mr. ;>«« was fiifjrnded the Cnmpny's Ser-
vice, and icft rn remain their Hoftage at his own Charges 1
and (o he ctntinued till the Year i6(j7, that, by Acci-
denr, he was drowned in Sural River by a hnnaceVs over-
letting, in which ne and his I^dy had been taking tlicir
I'iVafure on fhr Water.

I his Mr. I'aux had been Book-Kerper to .Sir Jifidb
C.iiU in /• "f.'tf >»«/, and for his gjxxl Services and B<.h.>vi-
oiir was preferred by his Mafter to a Sujienargo'"; I'oft
m a S'iip to llhina, which Trade in thole limes was the
the moil pn-'fitable of any within the Limits f>f the Com-
[vany'j Chirtrr In .Inni 1684, he was fent thither on
bfiard a Ship, called the Carf.'iyij, commanded by one
Captain Harding 1 but Mr. faux .ind ///rrj/djr difagrceiiig
in their I'alTage to China, Mr P'lVix laded the .Ship, and
lent h;T back to l-'t\'ljtiJ, while he liimfclf went a I'alTcn-
};er 0:1 board a Surjt bivy for Rcnihn, where he was enter-
t.uned in the Company's Service as a Ijv^or, and wrote to
Sir 'fcji.:b C'v.'.i the Krafon he had lor leaving the Caro-
,'ifit, :.'m\ h;. Relbhition of Staying in Imfm. Sir Jti/l.ih
ni'itimud his Krteein lor Mr. I auv, andprncurejl him fc-
Ttral J Tofitab'.e I'nih at one and the (iunc Time, in t!ie
Lonipany'* S<rvnei .iivl, amoiipll the rell, lonflitutcd
him Ju"!;;? in Civil -MVairs, which brought !iim both a
p<x\ Sjilary and IVrquifitc*.

Afitr he wa<. inftaliid in that OiUce, Sir yr/ijb wrote
Kim a Lrtt r ot' AdiiV'nition and Rfiiiitiilcentr, where-
in, after n .my IV'I'a i.nr», he ] ut him in Miiid d tlic
niany livoiirs he l..id done h m , and that now having
t!ic I'tiwcr of Cdiu'emning the C()nii\any''' l-'.neniies or
huh a', flu -.dd Iv drenml 1p, particulatly thofc who Ihould
('are to i-wtrtion the Company's Power ovr all the />V(-
r:& SiibjeifU in IkJi.! ; he exjKited his Orders from
I ini: to Time, fhould be olifirveti and obeyed as Stanite
1 .\v.«. Mr. I'ttux gratehiliy acknowledged Sir Jc/itib'i
i avinir> in his .\nfwcr to that Ixtf.-, and pmmifcil ti;ar,
ai h"- had jni; hini into the Puft »<) Morciir and Profit, hr
\v(/uld Ihivc to ac'iuit himfflf with all the Integrity and
I'.iflice he was Malkr of, and that the laws of his Coun-
try ihould l<r t!ic Rules he tlefigiiaJ 10 walk by. In An-
iv,f; to tliat 1/tter Sir '/ofiab Teemed to be angry, and
wiote nMiruiiy to Mr. f'«ujr, that hr expe'trtl his Orders
were to te Ins Rule, and not the laws ol Enff^ltind,
w'ljch were a 1 leap ot N ;«renle, compiled by a lew t'^no-
rani Country (kntlemen, who hardly knew how to make
I aw lor the g<¥xi (ioveriunrnf ot their own private Fa-
milie., much lels for the remilaiing ot Companies and
toreigr> C"mmerce.

1 am, Ciys Caj tain Hamtlun, the more |>artifular in
th:s Account, l>fcaufr I faw, ami copied l)oth thelir let-
ter', m Auto i6()f), while Mr, I'aux and I were I'nloner-. at
."■'hra/, on .\i ; mint ot Captain f.t'<»>'s r<jW>ingtlie Moj^iil's
(Vnit Ship, < ailed the (iw/utn. Having given an Ac-

• ii.nt ot I'lnv,- of .S.r 'J^aL (XilXs Rrigr, I mull alio
mark a ftrw Slip' in tlir (,i,v<rnmrn( of lijmc ol Ins Suc-

• »,-;, a;!i'. ot tlic W.r, tt,'-v t<>ok to yst into the Chair
ft Ihiuii.'. I remarked Ivlnrr, that Mr Hjrrn w.;s a
v-ry weak amt indoler.i I'rrlon, very untit to govern a
01'>.,y a. I the I'at'lories tutviriii-.'.te to lUmbay , anil by
d,.ir Mr.ins, a (imi.inw dilignii , F' llnw, one Mr Samuel
.^utiff". h-fd theKdf',- ot r'l' <>rTcrnmen' wholly lu

... 4

his Ilandst who (hewed that he had maliciout Wk and
Avarice enough to cnU>roil Ixjth his Maiteri and the pn.
vate Merchants Atl'airt in Siirat in Harrn'i Time \ and on
Harrii'i l>eaih got into the Preridcncy, or, rather Ty.
ranny.

The Mogul's SuhjetU have a good many fine large
Ships that trade all over Jmlia : The Ownen of thele
Shijw had a very great Regard for the Courage, Conduft,
and Art of Navigation of the I-Jtgli/b above any other £"«'.
rcpran Nation in India. Ami lor thefc (^lalitications the
hJian Owners procured hngli^ Otfiren to go in their
Ship, and allowed them very handlbme Salaries ami In-
ilulgencies •, the Capuins had from ten to tifrern Pounds
fer Month, Mates troin fix to nine Pounds ; and the
Gunners and Boatlwains liad alio gixxl Sal.iries, liefides
the carrying of lome (ioods ansl Mcrchandi/.c IVeighr-
frce. Mr. .■tantJUy thought thcle Salaries anci Indulgen-
cies too great for Stamen j fo he went about to reduce
them to a()out one half, and the other Moiety he looked
on as his own I1\ie, by N'iitiie of his Polt. Some through.
Fear and NccclTity, comiiliwl \ otheni again, who det-
pifcd both his Power and Tyranny, would, by nomean<,
c<;me into his Mealiires, and thole he looked on as Rr-
l<cls, and profccuted them to the ui moll of his I'Ower, brib-
ing the Mogul's Governor to plague th*m ; iu (ook were
ruined by his VilUiny, whilll others t>ad liim open l)efi>
anct ; and we were iKW wanting on our Side to expolc him
arxl his Mailers to the Mogul's Subjt^s, which in the
Fxd was the Ia>fs of Ixjth their F.lUctn and Credit among
the trading People oi that Country, The poorer fort,
whofe Maintenance depended on their labour and Indu-
tUy, lof-ig tlieir Empoys in the Meerijb Merchant's Ser-
vice, were oliligesi to fall on new Schenu-* to lupport tJicm-
lilves, not very well luitcd to the Company s Intrrdl ;
for t(>nu went and joined themlelves with the Pirates.

The Company in EnflsMii receiving Accounts from
every one that came from Imdit, of Humt's and Aih
nf/lty'i Male-ailminiftrationi, fent out Sir 7*/w Carer to
take Care ot their Aflairs. He arrived in /tufio iCc)^,
with the lofty Title of General of all /Wi«. I lecontiiiu-
ed JiH'Jl'y in the Com|iany's Bulinefs till the Vear 1-00,
but divclled him of ail Power of doing more Mifchief •,
and, in the ImkI, ctilmillcd him the Company's Seivicc.
Sir Jchn Gaytr was a Man not vicious in his Tenijx:r,
yet he made liine Slip-, in his (kivtinmcnt that proved
prrjikiicial to Ins Cliaructcr , fho' in Matti-rs of common
Commerce, he atted petty iq<ularly, till a young luls of
about ;c<> • Pou'ids Portion n«de him difpenfc with the
common Methods cif Matrimony. J'his young Gentlewo-
man was a Diughrri' 0. Mr.tT(tr(/*i beloremeiitionrii: She
had no Rei.itions alive, and una«lvi(ediy m.irricd one Mr.
Ss/cmcH Jjoii, a la'tor, and the Marriage was clandel-
tine, which was jiofiiively againfl the Statute Law ot B'm
I'Ov, wiitre no Marriage is binding but when the (»ovrr
nor's Conlent is tacked to it. 1 his I aw Sir John tuil g<it
by heart, and unmarried the poor laitor alti r Conttimma-
tion, and married her to his own Son. Another Piere ot
ill Condu<?t was, in forcing the Maita Frigate's Men on
board againll thctr Wills, tu proceed on a Vovage to
(J'liia, notwithftanding their jull t omplaints agai.nil f-J);e-
(cmLf, tlitir Captain, whom the Mutineers thot in his
Caijin, and then turned Piratrs, and infrlted the Strei|?,lifs
ot Maiatea, Tol>bi(ig and plundering all Ships ihat they
could overcome. Caiitain HiiU.. m the Dana', nwt them
there 111 her PaH-ige to Ciia; and hail a lhaq> Lnga;;- -
ment with tliem, but got clear, with the Lots ot fixtren
Mtii killi.l, and loiiic wounded, which dilabk-d the Dcr-
rt!, lij that flic priK ceiled no lartlier than Malacca. :\\.\
another I'ault ol Sii 'Jttn\ ma:, in tuflering himlrli j:i i
Ins I aiiy to be taken .Piiloners at ^ti vi.Vv by th;: (iov.-rnor
ol SuTat\ Ordf r, when he might luve avoided that Dil
f/racc by lone or 1 light ; But it was generally L>r!ieved
that, tliat was only a Pieced Policy to get tu ><ir*d< in
Older to employ his Money, which he could do much
better there ilun at Bemh.i<i. Sir NnU..\ tf'aue lup-
planted Sir 'Jchn in the (lovernmcnt of liamxiy a: .( Wi'.w.
Prefidency. I Ic wa'i a Man ut very lw>i>' Mora's, xrA h.«
Lire faced Ii),ulli(\" a. id Prevaritation, tw irritated t'lr
Inhabitanti and ' l.;;i> at Bot'ir, t.''i! tli^v lei/.ed li^'ii.

Chap. II. hdu:ccn the luhabhaiits of Great-Britain, ^c

>^5

aiul fiiit him I'rifoncr to Euglmi. Though his Reign
was lh(Ht, it was vt ry perninous to his M.illers, us well as
(u particular Merchants under his JiirildiAion.

But to rrtiirn from thii Digrrfiion : Bombay wns go^^crn-
«i by a Dtpity, fincc the J'rrlulcnt was obhged to ftay :ic
.s'ttr.j/, anil <>t levcn or ciglit hunilrwl Englijh that inhabitcil
boiore the War, there were not above iixty left by thr
Sword and I'iayiK;. Thus Bombny, that was one of the
|)lftiliint«tk Places in India, was brought to be onr: of the
.nod dilmal IMarts \ but the Spirit ot Injufticc dill rcfided
in it i Jor thofc who hail vcniiired through the War and
i'laguc in lit fence of the llland, had not the Liberty of
i ctiirning home to their own Country, nor «) raife their For-
tune by private Trade} but all were continueil prelTed
M(n, in ttic l<if»lit Honourahle the Company's Service,
witiiout the ilope of hefermint, which made n)nic Dif-
contents } and even in the Time of War, when Strangers
lijould hav>' lieen encouraged to have brought Provifions
into the Ifland, tlie Company's laxes ol five! prr Cent.
were exaiJled with prr.nt Seventy \ iut it was common to
fee the i'oriugucz* Subji-ds bring |wenry or thirty Poultry
to the Market, and five of tite bell token for the Cu-
Aum of the rclt.

I j. rhc Uelire of continuing tins hidorical Account of
the Aft'aira of B^mbty, which I take to be Tcry ufeful and
inilrui\ive, as well as curious and entertaining, has hii me
a little out of my Road of Chronol;)!3y, and there tore I ihail
be obliged to [\n back again with reljxrdt to thi- Aftairs of
tluB Company, and the political Acciilcnf; th.u have at-
tended tiniii dunni; tlv Reign of King li^iHiam -, but the
Reoiitr will not fall into any I'erplexity or Conlufiou liom
fl'.is Method of ireatii>g them, becaufe what I have now to
fay Ill's Jlitld or no Reference to the Aftairs abroad, and
c«>iil(<|uently fiss no Connexion with wli.tt goes bciore.

'Iiic futl I rjnfncti(»n I meet with in this Reign is a
Ci.artcr ot k<-(',uUtions gnintetl to the Eafi-hiiia Com-
pany, tiy iheir Maidlies Kin<; IViliimn aiui QiKtn Mary,
und.r the (jr. at Seal of England, Ixraring tlate Nov. ii,
109;, Rtterr ng to a Ghart-r of the 7th of Oileber, by
»(|iK:h It Iccms tiierr former tharten were confirmed, and
by this new Cdarter th'y Wdre enabled to take in a new
Subfeiiption tcr fiv<.n hiiBciied and forty-fuur thouliirid
P^wiids. Ihe C<nr|Uny waiialfo tied down to make pub-
litk iiiles by Jnth oi Candk-, to expurt yearly to the Value
ol one hundrul tlT<>nl.irtd Pounds of tiic Manufactures of
tiirt KMgitunv an^i to lutnilh the Crown ye.irly with five
hUiHJfcd i «n ol the bed Suit |xtre, at the Kate ol thirty-
tight 4'oumis Kn Shillinps ft* Tun in Time of Peace, and
M fijrty-live Pounds per 1 un in Time of War ; they were
likewii* ditiled t J make no Diviflend upon their joint
Siotk, but in Mom y only. J'liis Charter was to continue
tor fWotityODC Vciis, pfovidei* the (Jovernor and Com-
pany c©iin>lied exactly with the Rules th<T( in piefcribcd ;
a» atltt wilh fiKh other Orders', Uiredtioiis, Additiims,
iiualiriiatiijr* and Rtllri^itions as their Mairtli-s, by and
with the AdvKc ot their prwy Council Ihowkl think tit to
apihtint ii.> v\ U fofc the i-ith ni Stftinikr 161)4, 1'thtrwilt^
.liiihur Powers and Piivileges inii;lit be determined and
ta'^eiiawiy, oy Letters of Revocation.

In purluante ot f Im IV/vilo, another Cltarter of RcflU-
lattoiiii was granted to tiic laiil Coiiipany, iiniicr the Ltrnn
■■■ftAl of Jjtgiand, «laied .^mtmber 2S, l'^')4, and in tho
liith Year ot their Maicily's Reii^n, in winch amonf? other
ihinjjs it i» prekrilxtl, that once every Year, in tht? Month
ol /iugitH, tiir l»<i»veriior and Company fhouiil prd- nt tri
th'- ^ivy Council a true Account fairly writftn, under ihtf
<v)V;Tnor or <iepvrty G«»trrnor's Hand, <>f the Nature^
'^luamiiy, Vaiur, and pmne Co<f of the Maiitit.tt'tnTti of
this Country, by ihem exportrd, and frorVt *ll»t Place ;
.ind this Mffjn the OattW ut the proper Olfirrr? and Ser-
vants ol tbcCoinpirty. And, it was funhcr orilered, tliat
iKinfl of theft' (looiis IhoMid he ai»atn landed in England,
<ir taniifd rllewlicr;-, than witKin the i in)ifs of the lom-
iwny's Charter. It w.ii a{t«> dirretet!, tfi.it, on the App!t-
cmion »n \V ruing, ot any lix «>r more, ct rhr Prrjiri-tors,
ejtl) p<j(ll'4lr»l ot O-.K tiiouliind l-'(Hinds iapit;^! Stuck, do-
ra.in iifj; a general Couft ol the taut ( omjKiny to be rjll-
ei; ihui tiwr titivi-rnt T, nr Depntrtitis^i^fir, ftiould be
ofii'g >■, within iijtiit Diys, to ciiiJ futh a Court, which
Ne.MB. LXll,

rtiould not be ailjourned but by the Confcnt of the Majb-
rity of the rroprietor* fo aifemblcd \ and the Compan/
were required to fignify their Acceptauce of.andSubmilliori
to thcfe, and other UdtriCtions, under Pain ofUiflblution.

But, notwithlbinling all thafe Charters and Regulations,
which Teemed fo fully to conBrra, and fo much to enlarge
the Powers and Privileges of this Company, yet were they
never lu precarious as at this Jun^urc \ tor, on the one
hand, their Autlturity was boklly difputed by Turh as had
an Intention to trade tu tltc Imiiis, without any Regard to
th* Company's Rights, and who, by them, therefore were
tilled Interlopers : And this, upon Pretence that it was not
in the Power of the Ciown to grant any cxclufive Charter.
On the other hand, tlie Government wanted Money, and
therefore the Minilfcrs, who fhould certainly have defend-
ed the King's P.tnigative, fince otherwtfe it was a high
Crime in them to adviie him to grant fuch Chartci«,
ftruck in with the other Party ; and, for the fake ot mak-
ing more Money, and remtjving the Obftacles in the Way
ot their own Adminilhation, promoted the Ruin of thofe
(irants and Charters, wluch they had been moft exorbi-
tantly paid for procuring } and upon the Faith of Which
vail Numbers of Perfons had fubllribed their Fortunes in-
to tiie Company's joint Stock. But as it was not to tie
luppofed that any Set of new People would advance two
Millions, which was the Sum propoled upon a new Char*
ter, whicli n^ight prove A% pfccarious as the old one, it
wa.s ritijlved to lUbjeft the whole of this AiFair to the
Cognizance of the Houfe of Commons, in order to hav*
every tiling fettled and fecured by an Adk of Parliament.
A( cordingiy, in the Year 169S, this Matter was propofedl
r.) the 1 loul'e, not oniy with thfl Concurrence of Perfoni
in l^ower, but backed and tupiwrtud by all their Interelf ;
lb that though 11 was t\eadily and vehemently oppolcd by
the Memliers of the old Conlpany, yet it Was to very lit-
tle Purpule. Thty followetl the Bill however into tht
Houfe ol Lords, and were heard there by their Council, Sir
Tfjittias I'ou'is, and Sir Bartholomew Hbowir -, who, with
much LIcKjucnce and great Strength of Reafon, maintain-^
td the Caule of their Clients, but without Succefs j and \i
W.1S a Point determined, that tliei- Intercft fh(>uld give
Way to that which, whether truly (^r falfly, I Ihall not
detcrmimine, was called the Iniertfltof the Publkk.

J hus It came to p.ifs that, in the Reign of King (Filliam
the Ihird, a new Company trading to the Eaft-Indits, was
incorpor.ucd hiy Act ot Parliament, they having advanc-
ed the Government Two Millions of Money, tor which
they, at lirlt received Intercd, after the Rate of Eight p«*
Cent, out of the Funds alTigncd tor the fame : But that
Iiterell liath been funk by fubfequent Statutes to Six and
Five per Cent. Alter this, the old and new Comjiani.s
having a due Regard to their own common Interetb, fof
the Prevention ot divers Inconveniencies that might other-
wili: have hapfxned, both to theififelves and this Nation itl
general, a}j;reed upon Icveral Articles tor the Unkin of
the laid Companies in manner following, vix.

It wa« agreed thacrhe EtVe(5ts ot both Companies (hould
be brouu,ht home with all convenient Speed for their fe-
parate Aecmmts, ant all polTible Provilion irlade for thd
enabling lioth C omp.mies to bring home the fanv; With Se*
cunty ; ami that neither the Cro*n nor the new Cofnpany,
tak<- any Advaftt.Tge ot tfic Old Company, under Pretenc<*
of I'orfeitiire \ .wd that each Compafny give a Rijieafe ra
the other, and to their rclpedlive Fsdlors and Serl/'ants.

rhi old Cdnipany's 315,000/. in Funds, upon rht?
Kxecutifin of thin Acreement, to K- immediately uniteil
to th • Capital Stock of the new Company •, and that th^
old Company purchafe of the tiew Company, to be tranP
ferred by three of their Members rn their politki*! Cipa-'
city, 673,i;oo /. in the riifiital Stock and Fund o^
1,661,000/, with the BeiHiifs to arile thereby •, fb thaij
the old (.bnipany may have 988,500 /. in the faid Fund,
which will make th.it i omp.iny equal to the new in Fund
.-md Title to' the I r.htf, ami which Stock of 6-^,r.,ool:
fli.ill bi' transternd at tour feveral Time*, each fourth-
Pait ti) he paiil tor .it the I'iineof tlitir Transfer, at too /.
tor 100/.

That the olct Comjianys defK\ Stock at home arid

abtoad, be valued .it 33,000 /. and the new Cofrtpany**

10 X dead

ii|

I'iiM

906

.-In hiflorhal .kcount of the Intencurjc Book I.

RIP? iyMJsi

draii Stock both alxojil and at liomr, at 7o,fKio/. uul
that the old Company, at the lime ot transJcrring the hril
fourth I'aitoi the laid 07^.500/. dotranshr all tluir dead
Stock, abnud ami at home, to the pew Company, ihc
new Company paying tor one Moirtv thenot at the lame
lime it,;oo/. and that the old Lompuny Ihali alio {lay
to the new Comjany i?i;,ooo/. {orthcMouiy ot their
jead Stock \ and thervujion the old Com]Mny Ihall have,
and be entitled to a Moiety ot Ixuh the Uid dead Stocks,
a) Membtisot the new Conijuny

The Members ot the new Company tranjfening, (hall
be entitled to the Arrears ot their Annuity until the I imc
of the lereral I'ransttrs \ alter wlmh all Annuities ariling
by the old Company's 315,000/. Dial I be {«id to iuth
Ptrtbn* «s lliall be apjxjinted for that Purjx)r< , by the laid
oki Company for their life , and the new Compny (hall
h«ve the fknetit of all Money ariling bctorc th<ir Aj;rtc-
mcnt. and alio 5 /. ftr Cent, on all Shiji«; entirtd or dear-
ed Uforc the i-'jteciition of the faid Agreement, each
Company is to lirfill fmm any 1. juratc Fxivrtation.

That, during fcvrn Years, each Comjuny ihall have an
equal i'owerin ihcAdmn.iUration and Managrmert ot the
Fund and 1 rade -, and, to that End, twelve I'erlons Ihall
be apjxintcd l>y the (irmal Ci.urt of each Compary re-
I'peclivcly, out ot the Couiis ol v..ommi«ees and Uirecturs
c>f the lai I Companus, who (hall be called m the new
Charter, A/.»»»<t;/r.( cf ttt Untttd Trade to Inilia ; and a
new a»l itional St.-tk fliall be raiird tor carrying on the
future Iradt, and Ik- atlranced in lucji i'rojwrtions as the
Iki.i Iwcnty-lour Managirs, or the majtir I'art of them,
Ihall, from time to time, ap}>oint the General Courts or
ea> h I ompany agreeing thereunto.

The old Company, during the Space of feven Years,
fliall pirlVrvr their Stock in their politKal Capacity ( and,
for ilut 'lime, renuin a I'cparatc Corptration, I'o as to
iranster and alFign in their own Books as now they do \
tiid, at &.V t'ui (if tin- (aid l;ven Years, the okl Company
fliall tri: slcr a d alTifjn in die Books of the new Company
their Siiarr in thi f-und to iheir fcveral Members who
fliall Ik then cntitletl to the lame -, and thereon the faul
Mtmlxrs of the oK) Company ihall become, and be ad-
mitted M -mlxrs of the new Company grans.

That each Company (hill indcmnily the other from
their r<r^KClive IVlits and IVmamis, and a pro^x-r I'rovi-
fion be made tor t at I'uipofe : And, that the new
Compary, ati'-r the executing their Agreement, Ihall no<
ta'iic i:|) any Moi.f y U(X)ti thrir common Seal, or do any
other Ait, exc-pt wiiat relates to their le(urate I-.tTcCls as
iforcfaid, without the Concurrence of tiic old Com-
pany.

A Cosrctiant to be entemi into, that his Majelfy (ha!l
make a Ke-grant wutim ten Days alter the nuking luch
AfT'ignmtnt as atoreUid ; and that the old Company,
Within ore Moi.th after the laid (even Years are expired,
fhall lunerkier their Charter and Corporation % and alio
that the King, within tm IJays alter Ivjih Surrender,
flia:i niake a new Grant to the tame Trultces, and fuhjcCt
totii; lame Trull of all Iuth Klfate and Etfccts ol the old
Company as ihall c«jn>e to, or devolve u|>on the Crown, by
reali^i ot the laid Surrender.

J lut immediately from and alter the faid Surrender, the
new Comjiany (hall charge lu Name, and be called the
Vmud Cftnjmmy «f Mrrehtniti of tjigland trading It the
tail-lodus. Nevcrtiielels the luturc Management of the
laid SiiKk and Iia^'e, alter (fic latd Term ot Icven
Yta.i l^ expired, is to be, according to the new Com-
pany'i Charier, on the ^ih ot iSfpirmlxr, 1698. And
for the lietter attaining the Purjxjics alorelaid, that there
U a Tripanite Indenture, executed by his Maielfy and
both the laKl Companies, wherein fuch Covenants and
Proviliont may !«■ niailt as ihall be thought realonable,
with piiij^r Rrlcales Irum his Majcfty to each Company \
fu iJut as lixin as the aforciaid icven Years, allowed tor the
Convtni-my ot Atfaiison both Sides arc expired, the
(WO Companies may be entirely one in Name and tHect.

Tliia, in Truth, was the only Remedy that could lie
dcviieii tut (Ik Lure of iio great an Kvil, many ul the bad
Conletjucnci^ ot whiih were tt/rc-lcco bclufc t( took ti-
i

UiX, which, however, proved hut few iiiromjvirlton of whaj
was difcovercd by Kxperit ik e. Some there wcie who ima-
gined that this was a Duitb Delign onginaily, ant' furmerf
with a View to undermine our national ImenH in this
Trade to f'avnur their own \ ami, torpeuk freely, there are
fome Ciicumllances which give lon>e Frol>abihiy to hit No-
tion \ and, perhajx, amonglf thcli Cncumltantes there n
none ftronger than that the Subliription ot the Iwo Mil-
lions was chietiy promoted by [vmigiurs, as we are ex-
prelly told hy the Author of the Cotnplfai HiftvryefVnvi.
iancf, in his Account of the Reign ot King IViUiam, wiio
magnifies the Alacrity with which that Sum was (ublirrib-
ed, antl Icems to think, that twice as morh miglit have
liecn obtained, if the Art of Parliament had < xtmded lo
far. But it may ^cm a I'araJox to fay, th.it l'e.>|-le would
venture thtir Money to hurt the old F.tiii India Coin,,iny:
Hut this h ealily lolved, by confulerii i- that l.ttleiL[x-mied
on th.1t Trade wh re tliry were to haVe lo large an intc-
teft as Fight f'T 0«/. foi :Iieii Money.

'The only Way to foim a ti;^lit judgment of this Af-
fair is, to takf a View ol the Siroition of 1 ,..' i;s in the
Inditi affr this new Krtalililhmei.t t-vik i'Uce : And of
this, ill his Account of firfgef, the Ivfure mentioned
Captain Htmiliat has piv n m a very tiill and fan Kel.i.
tion, interlpcrled sviih Ibrne Coi.ccrns ot his own, wlmh
(hews that he was an Kyc-witnefs, and iiid not .liliveraiiy
thing Irom lltar-f.;, . If wr wanted other l-'vuiriCv, I
might cite thit 1. 1 Mr. Ijik\(r, who. in his Account f
the Trade of the htits, inforns us that the i Id and
new Ccimjianies, hail each ot c.^ii) a 'MLiory at Sural;
and that thol'- th.i maiMg. d them, adeil wtt:i fuch Ar.i-
moCuy .1 ;ainll each other, that it wjs vuy h.nd, even
after t'le Cornpanirs were united, to reconcile them. It
IS extremely difficult to timl out, and bring tofj.tiiur fuch
Ri lations as thele ; hut the Dt (ire i have that th • Keaiiers
Ihould tie peittclly ac.|uainted with ine Slate ot this Com-
merce in did'trent I'eiiods ot 'Time, that he rr.ay ti.ime
the better Notion ol wiiat has contnl uted to prcnune,
anii what hasoccafiuned, at any Tiitv, the I), ciy ol ihis
Trade, has c ncouraged me to take all the P.ims I i ould to
range the l.:V( ral Accounts I have N en able to (dile^t, m
fuch Order as might make them belt underUotxl, amlLxIl
anfwer the End that I propofed. It was Ib'ely with tl is
V icw, that I retblved to give the following PulfaRcs from
Captain Uamtlitn's Travels, which, I hoiv, will let this
Matter in as clear a Light as either mylelt, or the Reader,
could wilh. The Country about Bengal defcrilied, he
proceetls a little higher. Up the pj(l (kle of HM;:ih!y
River, is PpnjiHy, a VilLce where a Corn-mart is kept
once or t*ice in a Week: It exports more Riches than
any Place on this RiVtr And live Ix-agues farther, u[>-
on the otiier Si<)e, il 'ranna Fort, built to piofeft thf Trade
of the River, at a Place corivenient enough, where it is
not above halt a Mile from Siiorr, tnii it never was 01
much life; fur, .Imio i6Sf>, what the A>i?/;/if Company
quarrelled with the Mogul, the Com|iany had teveral great
Ships at Htighh ■, anit this Fort w is manned, in order to
hinder their PalFage down the Ris'er, One lixty dim
Ship approaching pretty near the l-ort, laluteil it with a
Uroad-fide, which lb tnghtened the tiovernor anil his
Myrmidons, that they all delertcd their Potfs, and lett
their Calfle to be plunderesl by the F.nglijh Seamen.
About a I^eagiie farther, upon the other Sulc ot the Ri-
ver, is (I'mm.ipcrt, whea> there it a litile Pyramid, built
for a landmark, to confine the Comixjny's Ctilony of
Cahma, or tertiyitiiem, on that Side ; And about a
League farther up, Ifands i-'trt-liViUiam.

1 he h.ngii/b fettled there about the Year i6<)0. After
the Mogul had pardoned all the RoW>ene« and Murders
committed on his Subjects, Mr Jch CbaHHak, being then
the Company's Agent in Bingtil, he had Liberty to lettle
an FJii[)oriuin in any Part of ttic River- tide \kU)w lUgh/yx
and lor the lake ot a large fliady I ree, cholc that Place,
tiMxigh he could not have chole a more unliealihy Pla<T
on all the River i for three Miles to the N'nrthcaltw.ird \%
a Salt-water Lake tlut over flowi in Htpitmbtr and Oiloicr,
and :hcn prtxligtoiis Numtiers ol Filb lelort thither \ hut
in i\ev*mtfr4mi Drcemier, when the Flooiis are dilfipaied,
tbdc Filhct arc ktt dry, and with their Putrcla^tiod aHeift

the

Chap. II. k'tivccn the Inhabitants of Great-Britain, ^i.

907

the Air witli thick (linking Vnoours, which the North-
calt \Vin<!s hrinp; with them to I'ortAlilUam, that thty
caul'e 4 yearly Mortality. One Year 1 was then-, ami
ihf re wi re reckoned in Aiignfi about 1 Jou Englijh, fomc
military, fonif Servants to the Com|\iiiy, fomo private
Mcrciianis refilling in th« Town, and iomt S.-anien bc-
lorifjing to Shipping lyinj; in chc Town ; anil before the
Biginninpt «( January there were four huiuircd and lixty
BiiiiaLs rc^ilKrtd in the Clerk's Book of Mortality.

Mr- Cb<inuo(k chufing the (jround ot the (.'oiony where
it now i.^, reigned more abfoiutc than a R.iiah, only he
wanted niuili ut" their Humanity •, for when any poor ig-
norant Native tran%rcflcd his Law!(, they were fure to
umlergo a li vcre whipping for a Penalty ; and the Execution
was generally done when he was at Dinner, or near l>is
UininK-room, that the (Jroans and Cries of the poor De-
linquent 1; rvcd hnu ior Mufick.

1 he Country alwut beinp ovcr-fpread with Paganifmy
the Cudom of Wives burning with their deceafed Hul-
banils IS alfo prac'tilcd. Ikfore the A/ojfWs War, Mr.
U/jnneck went one Time with his ordinary Guard of Sol-
diers, to fee a young Widow art that tragical Catallrophe ;
but he wa<i lb fniitten with the Widow's Beauty, that he
fint his Guards to take her by Force from tlie I'Aeeuti-
oners, and corulud her to his own Lodgings. Tliey
lived lovingly many Years, and had fcveral Children ; at
length (he died, after he had fettled in Cah'in. But in-
lUad of converting her to Chritfianity, fl>e made him a
Profeiite to Paganijm, and the only I'art of Chrillianity
that was remarkable in him, was, burying her dicently ;
and he builc a'I'ombover her, where, all his lite, alter
her Deati), he kept the Annivcrfary-tlay of htr Death by
facrihcing a Cock on her Tomb, alter the P,\^aii Manner.
This wxij and is the common Report, and I have been
aedibly informed, botii by Chnlhans and I'agans, who
lived at CiiUui.i, under his Agency, that the Story was
really Matter of Fart.

Fort H^iUiam was built an irregular Tetragon of Brick
and Mortar, called Puckah, which is a Comjwlltion of
Brick-dulf, Lime, Molains, and cut Hemp-, and when
tc comes to be dry, is as hard and tougher than firm Stone
or Bi uk, and the Town was built without Order, as the
BuiUkts thought moft convenient for their own Aftairs,
every one taking in what (iruund t)e(l pleafed them for
Gardening-, fo that in mofl Uoufes you mull pafs thro' a
(jarden into the Ifoufe, the E glijh ihiilding near the Ki-
ver-fidf, ami the Natives within I and.

The Agency continued till the Year 1705, that the old
and new Companies united, and then it became a fplit
Guvcrnmcnt, tl»c old and new Companies Servants go-
verning Week about, which made ic more anarchical than
regular. Sir Lwjiard IjhUioh was Agent and Conful for
the new Ct)mpany at J/i4^h!yt w1k:i> this Union of the
Companies was made, and then he was ordered to remove
his FaCluiy (o CaUuia, and lieing of an indolent Indifpo-
fition, had let his Accounts with the Company run be-
hind i he was lulp.iKled, but lived u Caltul/a till 1707,
tliat he died there. He was the only IVcedent, or Frefi-
(li..t, in the Compai y's Service, that loll an Fllate of
fcvm hundred I'ouiids/er ^-hmum in fu prolitable a Poll in
their SirvKC.

I'liis liouble- headed Government continihrd at CaUma
till January 1 709, that Mr. H'M^n arrived with the Com-
pdayVCuiiimiliion to fettle itat Hoiuhay and Fort St. Ciecrgf,
which were under the Management of a Coveriior and
Luuiicil, which thulc of the Direction in knf^land took to
b( a better way to promote thtir own Creatures, as well
fl. thcu own Interelt. Hia Icrm of governing was very
Ihort, ant) he took as Diort ■ Way to be enriched by it,
by harralling the People to till his Coffers : There was one
lingular iiillancc of it. A poor SeaoKMi had got a pretty
Mujtii V\ lie, a little inclined to Lcwdiielis tn htr Huf-
l.i.ii.'s A'jlciire. .Slic enteitaiiKd two ylrmtnttiHs, who
Wtie liAL to quarrel at^iut Iharing her Favours, which
lomiiij.', CO t!ic liovcrnors Fan, he reprimanded them ;
h'lWuvvi', by tlie llmr.g I'rifuafion ot live humlred Ru-
ff'i, ,..ud 111 Hand I y Idle «>l tiiem, he awarded him to
Uuw the lul K ^ht 1 !ier, and he earned her to Hugt.'y,
ai.u biag^ u i>[xi\\j what bis Fuiclulc lud coll him, to

the great Credit and Praife Of the Governor ; nnd when
the poor Hufband returned, he wns forced to fubmit to
lote his Mate und'.r the I'ain of Flagclation : Yet he was
very fliy in taking Bribe?, referring tiiofe honeft Folks
who trafficked that way to the Difcretion of his Wife and
D.iughter, to make the belt Bargain they could about the
Sum to he paid, and to pay the Money into their Hands.
I could give many luftanccs of the Force of Bnbcry, both
here antt elfewhcre in India, but fun loth to rufHe the Skin
of old Sores.

About fifry Yards from Fort fFfliiam, Ifands the Church,
built by th: pious Charity of Merchants refidingthere, and the
Chrillian Benevolence of fea-faring Men, whofc Affairs
call them to tr.ide there ; but Minillers of the Gofpel be*
ing fubjert to Mortality, very often young Merchants are
obliged to ©."ficiate, and have a Salary of fifty Pounds ptr
Annum added to what the Company allows tiiem for their
Pains, in reading Prayers and Sermons on Sundays.

The Governor's Houfe in the Fort, is the beft and
moft regular Piece of Architefture that I ever faw in /«♦
die, and there are nuny convenient Lodgings for Faftors
and Writers within the Fort, and fome Storc-houfcs for
the Company's Goods, and the Magazines for their Am-
munition.

The Company has a pretty good Ilofpital at Cakufa;
where many go in to undeigo the Pen nance of Phyfick,
but few come out to give an account of its Operation.
The Company has .lifo a pretty good Gartien, that fur-
nifhcs the Governor's Table with Herbage, .iiid Fmir^
and foine Fi(h-ponds toferve his Kitchen with gooel C.irp,
Calhops and Mullet.

Moll (tf the Inhabitants of Calfului, that make any to-
lerable Figure, have the fame Advant.igts, and all forts
of Provilions, both wild and tame, being plentiful, good
and cheap, as well as Cloathmg, make tlie Country vi-ry
agreeable, notwithrtanding the above-mentioned liiconvc-
niencies that attend it.

On the other Side of the Riv- r are Docks made for re-
pairing and fitting their .Shii s B ittom^ ard a pretty good
(iarden lielonging to the .Irminin,:!. Th. t had i: ■■.•11 a
better Place to have built thnr Foit ad I'l.wn in, for
many ReaCons; one is, t.iat where it now llaiuls, the Af-
ternoon Sun is full in the Fronts of the HniM's, and fhincs
hot in the Street?, that are b; t:i above jn^t belt w the Fort,
whereas here the Sun would hiv lent its hot Rays on the
Backs of the Houles, and the Fronts had bten a good
Shade for the Streets.

Moft Gentlemen and Ladies in Bengal live both fplen-
didly .nnd plealantly, the Forenoons being dedicated ro
Bufinefs, and after Dinner to reft, and in the Fv-.ning to
recreate themfclves in Chaifes, or Palankirs ; in thr Fi Kl^
orgoingto(Janlens, orby Water in their Budgeroes, which
a convenient Boat that goes fwiftly with the Force of
Oars; and on the River, tbmetimes there is the Dveifton
of Fifhing, or Fowling, or both, and before Night they
make frienilly Vifits to one another, when Pride or Con-
tention do not f|x>il Society, which too often they do
among the Lailies, as DiJcord and Faction do among the
Men ; and altho' the conlcript Fathers of the Colony dif-
agree in many Points among themfelves, yet they all
agree in opprclTing Strangers, who are configned to them,
not futfering them to buy or fell their Goods at the molt
advantageous Markets, but of the Governor and his Coun-
cil, who fix their own Prices, high or low, as fcemeth
belt to their Wifdoin and Difcretion % and it is a Crime
hardly pardonable, tor a private Merchant to go to Hugbty
to inform himlilf of the current Prices of Goods, altho*
the Liberty of Buying and Selling is entirely taken tiom
him txjforc.

The (iarrilbn of Fort IVilliam generally confifts of two
or three hundred Soliliers, more for conveying their Fleer
from Patana, with the Company's Salt-petre, piece Goods,
raw Silk, and fome Ophium belonging to other Merchants,
than tor the Defence of the Fori : For, as the Company
holds their Colony in Fee- tail of the Mogul, they need
not be afraid of any Fnemies coming to dilpolVefs them >
and if they ffiould at any Time quarrel again with the
Xlsgu!, his prohibiting his Subjects tu trade with the Com-
lunj would loon end the (juarrcl.

T!ie:e

f '

■ II ! fl

*;.:

90S

An hijlorual Aaounl oj iht IntciLQurfe

Book I.

I'M- '' ^

«;

I'hcrc arc i'ome impcriDUi tniiibltfoiiu' Raj.ilis wliofc
Tcrntorio 'x lai ihi- lUnks ol the CdH^a, iKrtwixt /'.;-
/.v»/J <uul Cu^~ii!il>uz.t^r, wlu) prctinil tn a Tax uii all Cjooiis
■iiid Men liaiuiizc iii.it pah by, or tlirougli thur Doimiii-
o!.i of thi Rivir, anil ottcn raife Forces to CDtn|x;l I'ay-
nnat ; but lb:iic lonxs tioni I urt inUiam in Doat;. (;ciu--
raliv citar the PaiVayt, ihu' 1 liavc known I'otr.f ot' our
Mil killed lit tii> Skirnullus.

la tii.iiM/.i a!i Kcliyiom arc fretly toliratci! liit tlie
P; Ibytcri.iii, ai.d thit thiy lnow Inat. '\'\\: I^^aiis car-
ry thiir IJol.'. m I'loitllioii throuj^li thi Town. Ihc A'j
HI.IH LatiioIicL. have thi-ir Cliurih to loiljjc thtir MoK ii',
anil ihr Miiji3mmc64n is not diltoiintcnantcd ; lut thin-
arc nj rolciu.ts, ixccpt what .\rc bi-t«ccn our Hiijh-
cluirthnuii and oui luw, or littwccn tin. Ciovcrnnr's I'ar-
ty, an-1 t^ihcr private MenhanL-, on I'oint^i ol I'r.uie.

Tiiv Coioi-.y has very little MaiuilaClury of its own, for
thf (lovcinnKiu Ixiiig pietty aibitrary, dlfl.ourage^ Inge-
nuity and lailuilry in the J'opiiloct i (or, bv the Weight
ot the Conipaj.y's Authority, if a Nat;vi ihinciS to ilil-
•ibliRc one oj the I'pijcr-iwufe, he i> liable to arb:tr.iry
PjnilhtiKiU, litlirr by I'luc, ImprikMimcnt, or lorpoial
Saficr;:!^*. I wiJl give oiie Ii.llaiue out of iiuny, tiiai I
knew ot th: Iniuilue of a Govetiior ol the double- headed
(.iovcmnKiit in .inito 1706.

I'herc was one Captain Fitriu, Madcr of a Ship, who
t lok up aUiut uiy/. on Refin-.-icutia, f; ini Mr. R.:,)'!)
^iiumi, on. ol the Guvcriiurs, in a N'oyage to Ptr/u,
payable at l.is lumn to iitK^cI. i'linn luvinjj dJpitetied
h.s Affairj in /V;/u I'o'jur i.ian he ex[\.-%:tct,i, tallal at
Gea, u he canic 1 ioiiu-, and boug'.u a :>ur/n built .Ship,
v.ry clicap, and larrud her to dii'Ut, .ii.d took in a
t^i.-»iiiity cl IVpi^er lor tiic i^u-^ j/ Mai k. t, and haviiii;
bought Ul i..j oth.j Siilp good St >te of i\r/:.i Wir.cs, ul!-
td at lo;t St. (ji'i^'f ' ' '^ilj^''^ of wiut i.i- lould there ;
Bo; tin~.in^ r.o l'.iWv>'ui«.^°>nc.'.i fioni that Maikit, eairted
11 to /><•.(;.:.'. C);i !j;> AiiiVai. li. i.-;r.pi.nKi)tui Mr. i'/-./-
lisN w«a li;.: 0;!..r of ..u iVpp.r aa.i Wme, but he de-
clined iu;\L:>n!j wi:h i!at Kargtm, faiti.er than wii.'i n
iiiuc.'j 01 liie I'rppcr, at liic u.rrcit I'riee, ai wculd bal-
Uiue h.> Afioui.t ot l'iir.u)ul and KUpijoitutia. At:-
i oniii.giy, /'(■riiii d.l.v; red lo ii-,ut.li I'cpp.r, and on tlic
Dtlivi J, ie^;ii::d l.u Bond up 1 hu: the tji. vendor tjid
hiin, Ui*l he l!!i:'.g a l^.ii;)w ti^iublevl with the Spuii of
isicc:kipir^ in loyiii^', CiqckIs, aiid uk:i:^ 111 i''i.;i^',his where
ht: cooid lUI gU th.m, iic would kteji the U <rd ai R
Luib o!i him, tiiat h? Iliouid no; fjv.il hi.^ Markeij. fur the
fiiiuic. I'oor I'll I m of. d all ii;> U!.iiMi,cik to get his
Bi>nd u[\ bii! to no I'urj-it.fe, ur,d t'io tiovernor in<«co-
rcr i;avi. hii Wine a ca! N\ ne, fo that he i i.uKl not dij-
Yilc ot Lhac i.(.:iher ; and all this O^ipreHlon was in order
to (Iraitrn hii)i| th.it he niii^iit be obliged to fril his pur-
chafed Sh.p at a k>w i'.icc to hi.n, ai.d Ins AlTiKiati <,
whiiii at \iA he was wliiigcU to do, h.'iUiing a Qiurirr part
in h;s own i lands, to leiurc t!ic l uniiiund ol iter to hiin-
Idi, »iti h aJfi ail he leHjkl hardi; il<>. /V»r;« in..de hi.s
Corr.plaii'.i to tnc, but I wa. m i.o C uiHjitioii to allill hwii,
bcc-tuk luving ifiicr w tuur Uigr bhips at liingtily I was
r.-ekoncd a ( ntinnal guiiiy uj tii.it un| attk>nal:>ii' Sin of in-
tcilopini:. However, 1 .iJviUii l'ni:n to co/iiply with
his inexoiabic MaArr, on any 1 iri'n> (1 .\grceiiM,ni what-
kxvcr, wiiKJi he eiideAVo''.ied lo do, liut he might at
Ic4il k..
(»ik.ii ciiiit.ir!<c\i, and luii hardly done it but by Acrkient.
(J4K- l)4y iiKeting nw on liic (»rici» near the l-ort, Itc
liu; p\; iiie to leute i.it <iiievan(r<, and bcfi^cvl, that it
hi.: w.-. Cctned (ii't ot lis own Siiip, hr m.^'.lit have aii
t.nipioy la o>h: ot i.iinc, which 1 ^roniilcd tic Ihould.

i '••.'(/«« t.ij)itd vf. out of a XNiin'.ow, hoi .lit.; a longCun-
labuiaiujii. atiii bcii.g inijaiKiii to know about wh.i(, kit
4 Servifli to tail Prrin, ami lie olKyn g the J)uiiiiix>h», was
inft(ro;iiiu; a-.^jul what oor UiUourlc w.i*, ai. i lie toid tin-
Fnxiiiie i h4i: n;ai!r luni. .'-i' iuoii told ii>in, ijt.it he wa»
.»» cai>ai,i>^ tw triipluy hiin as 1 lould If. i'tmn aniwi rtd,
that I.? law .',• liiat, l)ut w»(h<d ihaj In: would l«- as w illu g
.'lO; )') -yi'divi pr'jtMlcil lti«l iic (liould vuniiiund his own

But liic Wine ibil lay ttrloi i, turunh it was fcartc then

i.n titninl , Lv.l t'n Njh;. iiwtii.;^i,i b.ll 11. I art it, Oi^rjjf,

;one
my

and afterward? in l-crt Ifdliam, ftuck fo fail to it that
none ol it would <!;o oil' at any Price : So i .idviied liim to
carry it oil in the N iRht in my Boats on board ol one ot
my Ships and i would uy it 1 couki Urve hini in tellinR
It, which aiTordingly he did v and two Uiultmen of the
Council bein;; that Seali)n Iwund Jor England, coming
Day to dine witli me, 1 treatetl them and the rell ot
Company with that I'(r/„t Wine, whuh ti.ey all pr.jilul.
and alk' d me where I gut it ? 1 toki them, tiut kuowii.o
that goovl Wine would be- Icarce at flc/»?rt/iliat Vc.u, 1 had
piovided a giKKl Quantity at Sural, tioni wia-m,'] iud
come tliat S..Uon. l.very one begged that 1 would ipare
them tome ChelU, whuh I condclvended to do j a i-j.
voui, a:id next Day lint them what they wanted at double
the I'rice tin Uwnor ilcmaiided for it while lie iuti k, gnj
lo got otr.iljovc one hundred and twenty Ch.lls, whu-h en-
ablid Mr. Vinni to faulty moll ot Ins Cn-diton. Shddou
ptovi.1cd a Stock and i-reight lor I'crrtn to Pcr/ia, and put
on toard foiiic lotten king l\p|K.r that he ioi:ld dll|xile of
no other Way, and lonie damageil Gunmcs which arc
inurh in lie iii /'.t/m lor embailmg (joosis when iht y arc
'g;ui>ii in their kind » but, ncUni vsIihs, i'rvr;« mutt taku
tl.im, and li-',n Btlb ^A I .idmg lor giK)il wiil-cunuitioned
tioods i and yet alter he was ready to ful, he had been
ftoppnl, if hr rtKikl not laile the Sum 01 1500 Uupecj to
dill harg. a Bill ttiat at that Tiiiif l)etamc ci.c, and was in-
duiled to Si.iitv. 1 alio helpeil him our cl that l)iftku!-
ty, and took his IVjiid lor the Sum, btaiiiii> Intcictl liom
the Uare at tlie current interell ot one pir C-nt. ptr .\Un-
/.III, io J'ariii pn*eedid on his V(.)age to Pii/ia, but
called at QiL((ut m his Way home again, and laid up Ini
Snip there, and took Protection ot a Acyrr, wuh the lull
Hand ot 1 1,000 Pounds Stcthng <if i!>V»;|j/ Mumy, and
wrote to f*\i . Si'dion that he aught keep his loiiner IJond,
and he would take care ot hio Pan ol the Stuil; in his
Hands. He alto wiotc to mc tlut he would lake parti-
cular C .ire to reimburlc iif, but in a lliort I'lnic after he
died, and his l-.llcc:s came into ihc il«^///i; Chiefs I iimis
w.'io ilrtaiiKil tht III icveral Years ticn> mg that tvcr he paid
any till tiovcmor Bomt came to ilic Cjoverniiunt ui Ben-
U) m «~I5, and then lie made a laniv- At<ouiit. i luvc
been lo prolix and pariicuiar in (his Sifiry, tiiai it may ti-iin
an Idea ot the Ddoimity and liilmal liiiAi^e ol J yr.iiuiy a;.d
Viilaiiy, i.ippoited by a Power tliai neiilier dis'iiie nor hu-
iv.an l^iws lave I'orec <nouj;li lo biKllc or relbain. I h«
tgnipar.y'* Lok)ny u limited by u loinU-jnark at (jovcrtui-
jcif, ami anotlur rear Harimgiii, alio'JC lix Miie»,diilant,
tnii 1,1c l.di-water Lake bound it on liic land-tide. I:
may toniaui m ail alx>u; ten or iwelvc liiuulaiul Soius and
tU Coii.iMiiy's Revenues arc patt> gfcuxi, and Weil paid i
liiey aiile t.om Ground rtnts and Grduiage, on ait lio<jds
unjiortcd and txporied by hriJtjb Subjects, but ail Nationi
.U-f.ile> arc irt.'c tiom P.ats.

li IS veiy clear from this hilturiul Account ot the Coai*
pajiy's Atiaus, and of ihcir Ci(/V(iii!iicnt m jtuita, that
notlung Ikcld lliem loguher, but the I'.cn-ltr lie (.t .Sell,
itueielt, which obi:g«.l lueh as otlicr-wilc hated tach other,
fo tar to comply, at to be abk to imkv: the Maciiine g»
ou i iHit tliii this was d<jiiig 1 lungs uu-alily, anil noihi.if;
can be eleaier than tlvit tlic |jUbiKk intetcft niutl liave lut-
tereil greatly, wluU- it had 110 other Suppuii than thclJ
ku-l>ar icd Allillanccs, trgmliicik ;u wanted its Piutcittiun
to make thcu piivate lortt>:itt. But we were ail tlliiig I-rJiuf,
and leciiiiitg ilK iraiiquiliity ul hutofe, which to much
toiik up OU4 Mintiieis Heads, tiiat tiny iiad Kuicr 'I iino
to think ot Pi«ic iMd iNavigitum. Yd there is iiuthi'>^
plainer than litis tu any Man vhv U'liilludy the liitcull of
ihi:> Naiioii, whicii oiu.- wooiii inyginc Ihould be the Su-
eiMC ol Miiultefs, itun tiMt 411 Ap^>ltiatiun to llr Lxteit'
'ion *.t oiii Lotiirneiir, n tiic loic M ai s ot uiL: g tlic
Power aiui Crcciii ut ihis Kinguoin, wh;i.h ir.ull U irn-
drrril (orilioriaixr A:<ioa.l, liy lis i.ival hc.ce, and lli.*
naval ^c)rte eaiuioi Ik kept up, t r iikicjIiJ, a: y ■Jtiicr V\ ay
iliaii l>y proimninK a S^nni ot Praoe aiiU Navip,atKin.
HowcVf, as I lie Hi ,»'.s ot the Miniiliy wire now n imd
another Way, tjic l.ajl 7«u/j Company was oHigrd ti>
liil.ik ot loDK' M'.aiij ut boUiiii<.g lucji Ke^uijt.;;ii'< m

the- r

Chap. IF. /jctare^ the InhaJmants of Great-Britain, ^c.

their Favour, m mipht he liitlkicnt to remedf the fncon-
vcnicncim that had rrtuiitxt lit>m the Ic-ttltng two Cotn^-
nicK anl in («<ter(o •hnin luch t Law a* ww requilite
tui thi<: i^iriKtlc, th'')r, in thr fixth Yc«r of Queen ^mr,
r< lolved tu lend (he ((Ovemmnu the Sum ot one Million
two hundred fhouland I'ntinOt, ovt r and above wluu liad
been lent nirraityi which {'ro|»(ai (it klteirj was accepted,
and in ConAAervHw thereof, it wmi ,igiced« chat itit Par*
lufiwnc Ihoukt give t. n lucii AliilLmcc (or carrjmp on
tluir rMtfe, an they reqiiitt'd. t ho Kiakiw will obicrvc,
(hat by chii Mmm, rh« H^f^lnif CtjmpaiYf iii to be con'
All' red in a double Gi|Mcity k that » lu %, «<t 'rediiuri
to the t^ibUck« ami aa a ifAltug Company. In the former
Capanty, (hiy h.tvc a S curity, as uihcr Cumpanies hav<-,
t<ir rhc Motui'K by them adVaocrd, anJ a priportioiialiK-
Intereft (hc-mi,Kin I ami in then otii r . a|>ui.ity, tiuir VA-
rtctofi u* TrutU'^a fur the Co(n|iai y's I'r'aiile, the fruliw
of whtch lik(?wift behMig M (he proprittorit and from
hence i| uppeart, that the l)ivitlcnd<i u|k)ii tiKir Stuck are
compo«iivl«<l <• the liitfteft they receive friHti the (jovcrn*
nient, and of the HroAtH accruing fioui their Trade to \\a
huiiii. rhe M\ being HxM and mv,iriablu, iervcs »% an
Index t'l the latttr, flnre at aH Tiim-s the Intercit pai.: to
the Company bring dedvdtrd frtHn (hr Dividrnd, p.tul by
liicni to (be Prrtprieror^t (hiwii tieariy what tiie Prolits
made hy their 'Iradi mult )^ , m wt ihail Urthor fx^iaii>
in the Couifeot ihn Milb ry. In iht mean Tinu, Itt iit
rturn tu t i* Acl of Parhameit in the R tgn ot Qintn
//»«, in order to lir what K.iVtun it hac' \\[Mn rh'- Aftairs
of the ».(imp.«ny, and wliit Advait.ip'* fhry i.ccivcd in
Co n. I ration ol thi* lai,'; and nevilLry Siip|)ly for the
piiblid: ^ •ivkr, And by tne Way, Itt iis if matk tiut it was
bur I »f aMi* tu [\'\r\t n frndtnuCompmy certain A<;van-
ta^i'S Uviird ihc Kire liitriell ul tiicii Moo(y, bccaufe
thf fiij^h' <HhtT>di have rnipl'iy^tj n m<ire lo their Ad-
vuntagr. It wat tlien tore rnathil, hiai the tr,^.'rjb Com-
pany trading to the Fitll-lttiUtiy lliall advance and p.iy in
to file E>t(if^Mfr i,'ri,»,ooo/, v\\ ftviral Days appointed,
in<\ in cafe nt f»ilute l>y the laid Company, the Monies
not [viid Ibiitl It recovered liy Aiftion ot l)ebt, and i2
f^r Cfiti. l)anMi»r«, and the (aid Company may borrow
Money by their toninvMvfal, on Security of their united
Stock, fo as the princiuil Money at any Time to be ow-
inp (ioii't eareinl i,';iio,(>('o/, abovo what mijiht lawtully
be liorrowed thrretin K fore this A.-'t. In calc the Ciovtr-
nor and Con^iany i>f Meivh.ints ot 1^hJ>i> trading to the
Eaft-lnditu anil the (teneral (curt ol the faid Enilfh
C'otnpa V. whilft they li»|>ai«tily continue, fcPr. Ihail think
U. ivi calf in Moi.iy rroni tiun leljx-Chve Adventurers to-
waMii raiflng the taxi i,iO(>,o>v-i/. or repaying the Mo-
ney borrowe«1 tor that I'urpoli-, they arc imixiwired to
make fueh Calls acc<>rd»P|'ly. to mike up the laid i>um ;
aoil if any MtniKrs Ibftll negieiJt or tefuk: to pay their
Shares <;f the Monus call. d in, «r which the iaid Com-
pany in Purliianee ot thr Siatute ot o ^- HI. <•<;/>. 4+. or
(heir Charters (hall ea'.l tn lor carrymp on their l raUc (al-
ter Notice (ixM on thr Hnsai' i Xilangf) then t!ic (aid
Compa y relpt^tivdy may Hop the Uiviilemis payable to
luth Ml inberv, and apply the lame towards Inch I'.iyment,
uneil it be (atished \ and alio (lop the I'ranstt rs of the
Shares ol (iMh IVtaultin, and « barge them with Intcrell
at 5 ftr Ctni. nil I'ayment i in n, <'l<otiii{; which, in three
Month*, thetod'pany may lell li) nuKhol the D.laulter's
Stock, as will pay liie lame. The aforefaid ijum of
t,J0O,oro/. Oiail be deemed to W an Addition of the
Stock ot till t»j^i-/l> Company, and be lax tree. The
united .Stink ol ilu laid /-wf/i/t Company Ihall Ije fubjed
to the l)-l>ts contrai'led by the lind Company, aiul Kt-
S>ns em it\iled to 7,.'i.>o/. I'art ol the two Millions, the
original Stmk, who have not united their Stoeks to the
Corporations, and who are aiiihi ii/ed to cany on a Trade
for thtir fe|Mr.ife Die, may hold ami enjoy their Trade
IS if the (aid Act had not beui made, liut tht. t'gljh
Company may repay the lame at ih' b.nd of tline Years
(ogniter with the Am inties due thi.on, and then the
whnlr Tia le ihall W veiled in the laid Company. Mat-
ins in IJid'rence b; tNSeen the two Compame'., concern-
ing a'l I'nitiM Intwern ill. Ill, .lie retem'd to i>'«/'/i;i Eail
ot (, :l;l>ii\ Atbiiiauvii, and alter the makii.g ihc laid
NtMa. bi.

909

Award and .Surrender of the Charter of the Governor and
Company of Merchants of London trading to die Eafi-In-
dits^ the Pcrfons who at the Time of the Surrender, jjur-
fiaant to an Indenture Tri|)artite, made bi tween the Qiieen
ot the firif Part, the laid Governor and Company ut the
fccond Pait, and the faid E"gltfo ^ onipany of the third
Parr, (hall be Dire<itors am! Managers ot tiie united Irade
ot the ii'wif ///J Company, (hall be luch unii! new fJirKtors
mt chofcn, according to the C barter iiated the 5th 01 Sip-
tmbtr 10 W'. III. riiiv Act hath alio a Fn.vil.i, th, • on
three Years Notice, -Iter u Time limit , an ; Ki-pay-
meni of the faid two M llions, and i, 00. 00/. and all
Arrears th<n due f<,r the Ai'nuities, wiiich Ai nuitiei
amount to 160,000 1 fir Annum, ihtn tlv irorelaie. Du*
tie.» CO ' .»,'t, £(ff and tin Bei t it ol I raut •; vi n '^y this
and the toriner Ad and Charters to ceal'c. 'I <iis Provifo of
Reilen.piioni^ enlarged as to the I ime, by Sta . 1.) .,nn,
cap. 28. and by the 29111, thu Etift Inuid (hal: g.ve becuiity un-
der their Louiinoii-leul for Payni' nt ot th.- ( uU;;ii.s iind
Duties as are rattd in the B ok ot Kat s, ai.d upoi. Cof-
fee, which IS (O be alcreitained ly thi CJitii ot iJie i.n-
porter, cv'z. for paying half thcreol at th- tiui of fix Ca-
iir.i ai Monti ?, and the other hali at th* Ki'd < t tw- ve
Menths i and the Cuilom Officers fhall giart to the lud
Company luch Bills at fight or fulFrrance, and take .s. cu-
rity as alorcfaid, and make fuch Allowances and Deduc-
tions as are made to other Merchants, paying their faid
Cuftom.^ at, cr before the landing their Ciooos aiwl Mer-
chandize; but nothing herein (hall extend to alter the Mc-
thotl of paying the Djtivs of 15 fer Cent, on Muilins and
Callico.s, or the Duties upon at y other Goods that are to
be alcit (.lined by Sale at the Candle.

16. In the B -gifini ig <,f the Keign of King George
the Iiift, it W.-.S fuuiKJ, that various Attempts ha;i been
mad. to dilcover the Seer- ts of the Company's Commerce,
foi the Iiilormation and B. refit of Foreig.ii'rs, and there-
fore a 1-1W was obtamcd to remedy this Evil, viz. tl-.e
Statuie of 5 K. Geotgi 1. which ordains with a View to
remhr fuch Practices in-.pc(Ti'ile. That if any Subjefts
(hall fail, or go to the Eaji-Irdicf, cr fuch Places ot .,y)7i7,
tsff. beyond the Cap* ot Bon.i Lf:'r<niza, to the Straits
of M.'i^fllan, wh re any Tra.i'. , or IM.y.ck, or Merchandize
is or may Ih' uled, or had, coiuraty to the Laws in Oeiiig,
or the Tenor of this Ac^ : Eviry Perfi.'n ih offending,
Hull be liable to the Piiniihment inflidled by Law for fuch
Offence, and it Ihall Ix- lawful tor th. unitei! Company of
Mcrihantsof E>igliiii{itTaiUr.<j,t') the Ejt Indta, ami their
Succellors, to arrell and hize luih i-'trions, being luljtcts
to the Crown of Urcat-Britiiin, at any Places wlicre they
ftiall be ((,iind, within the Limits alorefaid, and to fend
them to EngLind, there to anlWw- for their Oil; nets, ac-
cording to I'uc Courfe of Law. Every Perlbn wlio fhall
procure, fiilhcit, ol't.iin, or ad under any C< mmilFion,
Au:hority, or Pals from any foreign P.i.H-e, ,Si.iie or Po-
tentate, to fail or trade in, or to the E jl-h.dus, or any
the Pa.ts aloielaiit, fliall forfeit 500/ tlie Lid P. n.dties
and Eorteituos to be fued for and reeovered in any Court
of Record at H'fftminJLr, by Bill, fcfc. one Moiety to the
Informer, tiie other to the Crown.

But notwithflamling tluli. Sevuitics, this I aw did rot
proiiuce the Effects cxpiCted from it-, for our Eaji- India
Company having for mary Y<ars diviiied io/>it i e:l. up-
on their Capital, which in molt foreign Count. les was un-
ilerftooil to be the Profits of their Traile, it railed fuch a
Spirit of Iharing in this Commerce, ami lb many EiigUJh-
mtn were found reai'y to j')in in fmli Pnijeds abre)a ', that
a Company was ellablilbed at ( Jlend, which maJe ano-
ther Atit necelfary, which palTed m the ninth Year of the
lame Reign, by which it was enaded, that if any Sul jeet
of his Maiefty fl-.all contribute to, or er.coiirage the tlla-
blilhing or carrying on any foreign Company tradng from
any Part of die /lujirian Ncthnlonds, to or from the E..Ji-
Inuia, and other Places btyoiid the Cape of Goodllopr,
di Icribed in tormer Ai'ts fur lecuring the lole Traile thi-
ther to the united Eaji- India Company in Eiiglund, or
fhall be inteielfed in any Share of the Stock or Actions of
any fuch foreign Company, or fhall make any Payments

10 Y iu

I ■"

h'llloi'ual Auoiuit of I be Lii er i ourjt

r^ook I.

evf.
cnmuled

it) Monry, or ly Bilh of Kxclungc, or otliciwilr, towauls a I^n» was plFcl m the livcntli Vcar oi the fanv RfJEn
pnimotiiii; or riii;ii?irtmg luili Com|).tny. or the TraJf loMhc Ijcttcr prtviiuuig jui unlawful, and furtha Iccurmc
thereof, or (hill luh^ribe to the eftabltllun^ any other to- a lawful 1 ra^ic t >. tlit L^/l^JnJieu ty which h was enadt-
tv'tj^r^ Comp.inv. for trading tn the Ilnjl-Judia, oi be conr ed, thae all tlic tioyiU (hipjwd on Bdinl any Ship to the
crnitil in any '^rock thtrcm. Lf<-. the Fcilim fo oJVending J.<0-In,hti (tjitrpt (jooils ui the Conmany, oi fuch as
fti.ill forhit thfir Interrft ami .Share m the Sta ks of any arc liccnl< li by them, uul naftai htore$» Provifions^ tnO
liich fnmprv, ^.(r\ treble the Value thereof, one Ihird Neccflaj«:» Jwr the Shiji in litr Voy.igC; mi all (ioals ta-
to t.'ie Cr.)wni and the ! rn linin j two Tliirvls to the L'll- kcrt out «)l iwtlnSJup in her Vyyagr humcwatd bouml from
/iifi.i C\imp.iny, it ihcy inl.ifin r)r liic for flic faux- ; oiIb» tin. EMj^Ind»t, isc. to Liigiimi, Ixfoic licr Arrival htrr
wiC^ oi.r 'llurd of two fucli Tlurds to the caiiuiwrn in- Hull be foricittd, alui double Vajuf, and liie tAat(tx, .,?
^oimrr. rrcovi-rable by Aaion ot Debt, {J:t. Oifiiei ol: fuoji i>iii|K knowingly 4)eriiiniiinj.tl^(Jooji'j ,'^

\nd the Attorney (lemral, of Jus o\»n Authority, or be lhi|n?rd or taken ovc oJ ivx\\ Sbi|), fhall torfcii for
nf the Htlition ol the Jiiid imital (.om^jauy, an.l tor the ry Oflenci: o»i tiuiufiuxl l'oujMj%:«jd ihall notbc cntii
Company, may t'le a Hill ol C (inipl.iint in tin: Court of to any Wagca, is<. ■ lj

LhaKfry, (^r t'hi- Fxthcqurr. an;.unll any I'olon.wlw) ihali
h.>.ve lubfcrihfd fir ctMitnlnitcd lo, or piomoird, or .nny
Way^ brrome inferelUil in the illabiilinng any fi:i h lo»
r"inn hoiiln.ii.i Company, or the .Stwk, or Trade tiuie-
ct, tor the Diliovt-ry of lii* Oliliur, rtnntting or m.Win\^
the Kottciture of the tr:blf Naluc of ilic OfVttidcr's Sn)«k,
or toncrrn in any liich Com| my, and infilling «inly on
the Hngle Valu-. And iJicrtupon, lu.h Pcrfoti fliall an-
krrr to the Hill, .nnd not jilcaii, or .'tnuit to «lic Dil'co-
vcry thrrrhy luu^ht; a: il in cjfc the fingk- N'aliic only of
fitrh litcrcil cr S.-.itc Ihail Iv decrail to U- pai.l, oi.c
titir; i'jrrtlkiTof lliall po to I. is M.ijiliy, and ihf utkr
two Third", to the Comixtny. il any SulijcCt lli.iil havu
4<vcprnl cf ary 1 ruff, or know of any lutirtll. Share or
( onccro, which any ot hn M.iiL'fty\ ^ulijicls Ihall have,
IT hr tntiU'lcd to, in any IikIi forti^n Company, and
Ihall not wuh.n fix Months .i1'/. r .uceptmy the i'rull, or
the ""(jinin^ to t!ic Kru\%Icdj:t ol any li;v.h Intrrril, (s:.

tmlv difcovrr th? rune in \Vr:tii\'^, to the Ulvl uniuJ
Cft-.v any c! /.'-/..•».', or
Iha!! fbrKit trtl)le t!ic N'alue

cep!r,: in l mil, or !j hi.uwn, ar.d not udio%-(red, one
Moiety to rhr Cr'jwn, the cthrr to Mm who will fit- for
the (inv, ty Aition ot I) 1-r. i/. or UichOtfcndir fhail.
at t^;: DiXirt; m < i th'" Cuur: wirrc the I'roUaitu n is
vrjinnirr.ce.', litluror.r V(ar\ linj r.ii.;.!"ef.t ; and Tciluns
that withm the line .ilxjvc limited fh.dl volL.-.iar;ly totrc

Agtctnuiiwor Contt»dh nuHir, or entrcd into by any
of hu M.ijefty'& Subjctts, or any in Tnill Jot them, on
tlie ix)an lof Mu ic4 by Way of Boitoniry, upim anv
Ship in the Savice ol lorcigntu, and bound to the iu-VJ-
W;ci, (s'f. and all Coiuiatls for Loading, ot fupjilyira
any fuch Ship witli, a Car^o of any fort of Ciooda, Mn-
cbandi/e, Trealurc or I'.flVla, or with Provifions, Stores
«c Ncccflaries, and copaitjirr 5»bii» cntred into, rrlatinc
lu iwiy luih Voyap-, thfj'ivtiu thereof, and all Agrce-
intnt.^ for the Wage s of any Tcibms lervmg on Hoard any
Ship to be itnplcyetl in luth Voyage, lliali be void -, ami
every i'l iliin* Subjeii of U% Majcfly, that (hall gr -o die
E>:Jt Intitts contraiy to the l,aw$ now in Force, (hall be
drcnvd a I'radir, and to luvc tradeil there, and all the
CjgoUs there baricitd, <jr trafficked for, or putthaled by
any luih I'eilun, or fouiid in hisCiilUidy, or any othci ni
I'liiil for hiin, by his Order or Procutcnicm, fhall be lot
fciu.l, and douiiie the N'aiuc.

And l.y this A<k u fhall be lawful for the Attornev He-

III

thrir Court of Uireciors, he ncial, or for (be ujiited Company trading to the Lajl-ln-
c of \\,c Intcrfll, is(. lb ac- ui(s, at any lime wiil.in the Spate of fix Year*, to file

in any of tiie Courts at ll'tjlminfier. Informations againll
clamidli.ie 1 ladcts, and if the Defendants fhail be found
guilty the not, the Court (lull forthwith proceed to give
JuJ.gnic:u a^i-unfl tlitm, i^c. Alio it is declared lawful
lor the Attorney-General, at the Relation of the Compa-
ny, or by his own Audiority, to exhibit Bills of Coni-
to til'- Cjiiit of 1 ):f ecKi.'s, and make a inv: Difiovery in plaint in the Lxthcquer, ai;ainll I'erlbns trading, dealin(».

\Vtui^i•. ol ti

or Cuncrni of any .Sub-

Infrell, Shar
!U'.^ HI t!ic StK, k (t any lucli f<-rci}',!i Cou.j>any, llull
; avc o-.c tu!i J'ar: oi the tlca.' ainonnt ol the I'Oifciiurcs
atifir.t; by tins Ait.

In tai'.- a- y of hi' Ma';:i'y% SuSi'ifts (other than fu< h
.1' are hwlwiiy authorir.ct^ Ihall ;;o to, or Ix luii.ul in th-:
::ini-!mi:< , they arc hereby declaiftl to Ix- gu.lty ol a
;,i;:!h .Mifdcineanor, ar;'. rnay lie prolrcnt'.d for the fame,
m ar'.* Court at f('jii»:'tii.r, anil Um;', tonvuued tl;rr(t<f,
Ciallt'c Ijiblr to fiiiii corp^r.il I'miirtifnciit, or linpiirun-
ment, or to (ii(l» l-inc, as the Ci'iat where the I'n.ktu-
tion It commenC'. il lliah ihink lit -, aiul the DlTinders may
t>e fVi7ei!, and b^Kl^ht to A»^/mrf, anf any JvilUcc ol
Peace m.v.- commit thtm to tli'- next County doal, till
fiifhacnr .Vcoi^ty le given by iMM.ral Ixirn .Subjc<t«, tr
IVn;/er«. to a[)p-ar in C^uit, i .. ai.d not to ilcpait out
of the Kiiv^dnm withoi.t l.tave.

Ai; UlVencei again!' i!.is Act, or a^ninff o //'. III. c^f.
a. vr 5 (!'». I. tap. it, ts'i. fhall h laid i;, I.oxJin or
A/mVW-\-, at thf- I'lf^fiitc of the I'loK-.utor; and dQ-fias
Ilk the firlt (-"Kyrh fli«!l illoe ujion any Bill, I'laint, In-

■ ./tm'nt, C'^r prof'-i t.cd tor the laid Olt'cnccs. One
.oui'! have I'nagintd, that rli'.:- I-iwi n)ij;l;t luve pre

'. »ntniar>y /■.''.•/f^SuLieef-froni Iscinj; romcrncilin IXfif^ns
^ ^5!>eJt^^(•l.ll anddrllrtitiive, asthdc n-.anil . ftly w ere to tiieir
: :.'!»r Cii'mtiy i yet when »■: lome to Iprak more paiti-

■ H riiv ol t!,i' ()>ir't4 '1 r.i fc, vke fjiaii be obiiRcil, tlio' un
•■wir.r.-.vv. lo fii-v. the lontraxy, and t'ut all the Me^l'ures
\:m luvr iyvn !im'- tak- ii i:i other I ou.rrics to lelVen the
I. •.ir.j.ier <• itf mir I:.>jl- Inrlia f. 'jmiuny, luvi- been biouj^ht
afxaj: by ilio liittigucs oi fiu i» asantuius lVrloi\s as weie
• iftef.'i.i ie<t t, ni.ike their lottuoes at any Kite, and
•u.rT! f'le'i 1 .'.ihterclinl X'icwi, liimlinil the Welfare ol
ii»:» Nafion to thtir private .■\dva:uai;e.

\\ l..-it in I'lir.e MrjJure cor.iributed to this, might be
:;i* I'ain.s u',.- 1\ by tlie Company to pttvcnt ihr |m:uk(>
» w'n;;ii:': : l-i Ijiiie i;i liicii own Scrv'ite, in older :o which,

tiafFitiiifig, or atlvcntuiiiig to, or fiom the kiift-Mtf!,
L'c. contrary to Law, or 4',ainll any i'crlijn concerned a%
an Agent, or Factor, or Coj^rtrtncr with fuch illegal I ra-
dii."., lur difcovinng of fuch their trading, Isc. ami lor
the rcccjVirniR of the Duties and Damages, isi. and luth
i'erl(<iis (hall pay to hi;. Majclly the Ciiitoms of the Goods
aiiilngor purchaltd by tiie laid unlawful 1 rade, and (hall
anlwcr to tiie Ciiiiipany jo per Qnt. atxording to the Va-
lue thcicof' in En^lditJ ; and if fiich Olienders pay tli.;
Culloins, or the Amount of the fame, into the 1 jteheqiier,
and Danuges to the Company , they llwl) not be uthtr-
\sifc ptofiLuied by this Act, or any other Statute, lor the
fame Otleiuc ; l>ut if a Decree be ol.taiiicu againtl the
Dcfendaiif., tiiey (hall pay Colts to liii Majrlly, and the
Relator ri fjicCtivcly.

And if uich Buls 'being exluUicd at die relation of
the Cuinj.'any; \x difmillcd by the Court, lo tiiat the Far-
tics .ire acquitted, the Company fliall pay every iJitei daiii
his full Coils i the Fuifiituir^ and I'cnaJiics herein befoie
ap[)ointed, or in forii.cr Acts relating to the t.aft- Ind-.^i
Company, may lie lued fur, not only by the Attorncy-
Ciri.rral, or the laid Company, but alio by any Orheei ol
till Ciilloms, fuch Oliicer having thcConUtt and Uirei •
tion ol the Court ot Directors of the uniicd Coni[X!ny,
as by the A>.'t is paitiailatly requited -, atid one third I'ait
o{ ail luih IVnaliics (hail \k to die Crown, one oihir
Ihird to liic Company, and the riiiiaini;:i^ Ihiid to liKh
Otiiccrs of the Cultoms as llull inform aiul luo as ati/ie-
laid. I'lie fai.l i.iiiitd Compiiiy lli.iil W- allowed to Ihip
cut St.iies, I'loviliiiiis, litriiliiht,! W.ir, and Ni.clVauo.x
lor maintaining t!i;ir liafiiUms and Settlements fi-e id
ail Duties, r>i as the Ui.tu >, i! they liaO bicii paul, do
iii-t exceed in ary one Yeai three hum'red Founds. No
h.'ji- lH'iia (itKy.:-, to Ik- imp irted into Inland, or the Flan-
tatior.s, but liom Gii.u-lii itjin, on Faiii ot lorctcuini',
Sliipi and Good:, Lt.

■ « i

W''\

Book I.

ir o4 thr fanv Rrigp,
I. and further IccunnR
y which K was enaft-
loiril any Ship to the
.ouipany, oi fuch as
ora» i'rovifions, and
gc/ amj all (iwxis ta-
Dmcward boutkl from
fore Ikf Arrival b»rr.
, and ilie ti/hAtr, .,?
riMtm»g.,tli«Go«isiu
I, Ihali lorfcn for tvt--
i Ihail n« be cntuuietj

Qr rntred into by any
II Twll for ihcm, on
Bultiinu>', upc)ii any
ml bound (o jhc i-^yj.
-fading, (V fup|.lying

fort (it Ciooda, Mrr-
»i(h I'rovifions, Stores

cntrcd into, relating
ercof, and all Agtrr-

Icrvmg on Board any
r, flwil be vcKi i ami
y, that (hall gr -o t],e
ow in i-ofce, Ihall be
leil there, and all the

for. or putthaird by
llt>dy, or any othci iii
:urcn»en:, (hall be lor-

for the Attorney I ic-
adinR to the Left- In-
c of fix Years, to file
, Informations aj;ainll
:iulants Ihail be tcnind
iwith proceed to give
3 It is declared lawtul
:!ation of the Comp-
exhibit Bills ot Ciini-
rions trading, dealing,
fnim the hift- India,
y I'crfun concerned a^
ith fuch ille^^al 1 ra-
trading, is'c. and lor
nu[5ts, is I.: and lucJi
' iltom;. of the Goods
ul 1 rade, and (hall
according to the Va
Oliendcrs pay tlic
into the l-XclRqiicr,
Hull not be otlicr-
;ltcr Statuti-, (or the
<i.iaii>i.u againit the
w, Majrlly, and the

at (he relation of
i>uit, lo tiiat the Far-
|,ay every lAteidaiu
cnJiics herein Utoic
ig to til!- tafi-ind-.d
ily by the Atiorney-
lli.) by any Orinri ol
toiiUi t and Uiri'i-
hc united Coniiv.iiy,

and one tli:rd I'art

e Crovn, one other

lainiM', I iiud to liiJi

111 and liie us atoie-

Ik- allowed to Ihil'

.11, and Ni;.c)VaiiO!*
Vtiliiiiciit;, tic ol

liatl bun paid, do
jiii'iid I'ouiul*. No
Inland, or the I'lan-

I'aiii ol lurtU-ilUH-,

C>liap. 11- Intivccfi the Inbahhann of (iroat-BritaIn, ^c.

911

II is very evident, fioni the whole Current oftlii:, J Iil'-
■ y ol niir I'mI-IJ'I Tra^lr, tli.it fuch ai Ivive be n
•iiiiuilcd with the Maniigrmcnc thereof, liave had coiiii-
iiual DiiTiculties to l^rllggle with \ whereas, our Rivals in
luis i'radr, the Diiid, hav« all along enjoyed tiie full
i'ldtettion of their tjovernment ; and, at the lame tunc,
ji.ivc been allowtil to iiianage their own Concerns in liidi
,4 iManncr as feemed to thoni niol^ conducive to tiuir own
liuerclt Hut,' of late Years, and lince our Comjiany
have had the Authority of AiJts of Parliament to finipoit
liiein, they have, in finnc mcallire, gained upon the Duttb,
iffxiiiaily xn tholic Countries where both Na:ions trade
Ircciy, aiul where, confequently, the Suc.ccfs of their La-
Umrs mulf, in a p/eat mcafure, dcpcud upon the Inclina-
(ion of the Natives, and that I'leferencc which their yooil
Dpinion gives to lither Nation.

In the llland of.9(/»w/r.t paitiailarly, the £«^///i li,ivc
txuinled their i'rade with great Siiccels, having not only
a gooil Settlemciit at /l:hen, but alio at the other l-'.iid of
the IlUnd, where their principal Settlement w.is lUn-
(tuien, which firll began to ftourilh about the Year 1GH5.
They had alfo another at SilUbar, where they likcwilo
coj-ncd on a conlkUrablc Commerce : By .Degrees they
iK-awne lo confukrable, that feveral of the little Princes of
tiiat Ifland, chofc to put themfelvcs under tlieir I'rotertion,
as well to llcurc thcmlelves froni the Power of tlic Lu'.cb,
as that they may receive the Benefits of the Engli/b Tr.ide •,
aad have, generally fpcaking, continued very ririn in their
Attachintnt to the Company ; though they have been
Ibmetinus but iiidirtcrently treated. Ihe lirlf IiKluccinent
the Company had to fix their Fadlorics and JJcttlenKiits on
this Part ol the IiLiiid w;ui, the Advantage derived from
the I'epper-Tradc, carried on from Ijimpoun, \\ huh is in
the Southern Part of the Ifland, and about twenty Leagues
within the Streights ot Sunda, very well lituated in a deep
Bay. Here they hail a good 'I"rade lor Pepper, till thiy
were deprived ot it in 1683, by the Dutch, in corilequfiii e
«)f the famous War with the King of llantam, which wc
have fo often had CXcafion to mention : For, this To*n
i,t lM»)poun lying opijofue to his Territories in the Illaiul
<if "Java, nude likewife a Part of his Dominions \ and
linrcfore, when the Dutch brought him entirely over to
I heir Interelt, or, in other Words, which however mean

(b of the fuiego-
der their Yoke,
ilicy obligeil him to breaic olV all Commcice with the lin-
^,;jh, which put an Mnd to the Pepper- Trade at iMinponn,
.md lorceJ the Company to remove to the Plate bdore-
inentioncd.

i'hcCoiintry about Bencoultn is mountainous and woody,
;nil in the Heart of the lllanii there are feveral \'o!cano's,
.\liicl« render the Country llibiccl to Karth-quakcs and
tided the Air lb full ot malignant V.ipours, that it is vciy
!.ir from being wholloiiie. We may add to thi«, that tlie
I'own itlell llands in a Morafs, which obliges the Natives
i<) build thiir Hotilcs ujHjn Ports, to defend them from
the bad htVoCls ot the continual MoilUire of the .Soil.
rhel'e Inconvcnieiicies did not hiiulcr the En^hjh trom
n.aking It their principal Rcfulciice in this Country, and
x^here, lor their greater .Securuy, t!it y erected ,» 1 urt, of
no i;rcat Strength indeed, but which lemicd I'uli'.cicnt to
anlwer their Pi;rjx)lcs. 'I'iiis I'ort was garrifoncd with
iiugjjj'i:>, which is the N:iiiie jiven to the MiUrJjars when
'laiitplanted o»it ct their own Country ; and as tlity d.c-
pcndcd un llicle tor military Sen ices, fo with icij,ard to
liicir Revenues, they cunliiUd 111 the th.ef ofilie Cbiutjf,
who had the Title ol I'aptain, a Thing culUmiary in all
liic Settlemrnts where the Cbincjc iviide. As tor the N.i-
tives tluy lived, as they had tomiirly, under the Jiirif
diiftion (d their own Princes, called in the .\[,s'ti\,:/: l.an
gu.igr J\.u;arans, ol whom tliere were two that were p.ir
Ocularly undir the I'ruteclion ol the Company. Due
whole Dominions l.iy Niirth iVom lUnccu'ii:, and wlin
was llilcl l\iii^^iit.w-.Mii'iio Kaiah ; and the other called
I'nayaiun^Socnjfi-'h.'d:;!, wliolc Country lay to the South.
i'iiou^;h thcii- leiiitoius were not large, yet they wire
divided intu leveral Dillrich, each under a Governor,
c.ilhd a 1.^ i;'.ii!v,thePLuent whole Uelidcnce was, in their
J rgui^.c, I'.Ld tlieir Dn.rt ■ AikI thcle Govcrnois havl

Uiu! :r ihein li-IIW Mjiiirtratcs, called Dallccs. The Com-
pany III I alio A Hood Coi rcfpondence with the molt
puwciliil of ill'' Piiiiies in the inland Paru of the Iflam!,
liicli as ili''.Siillan Cut heel, w\A feveral others, which indue
ed lilt 111 10 bclii.ve iluy might take any iVleafures they
ihoiiglii lu'ii'llary tor the Advauuge uf the Company,
and Tali' ol tliu Tat t< ry.

It w,h ihii ihiit III the Year i;!^* engaged the thca
Cliii I 10 ihmlt of removing from Bencoultn, where, from
the Caufe beloic-mi ntionc.l, abundance of Eiiglijh People
died cviiy Yi ii'iandu was with this View thataPIaLc was
tlxcd upon A I' \v Miles ilillaiu, tor eroding a new i ort and
F.iclory, wliu h w,ii to be called MarWyotigh Fort ; and
the (iiuuiid lieiiig tr.ued out, the Work began to be car-
ried on with t^iiMf \"ii;ciir and Spirit. But, itfeems, they
had not liiirmciitly toiillilted the Tcmp'jr and Difpofition
I't the Niitivi", who Were nut ut all well pleafed with this
Defn.^n, Thui iiaiibcin lome iittle Jealuufies and Heart-
burnings amoii|/,ll them before, which not breaking out in-
to an open Qii.itiel, lud been over-looked ; but thel'j
People lonlidciiin', with thtnillives that this new Fotilli-
catioii ruf' aiiaee, and th.it it lijokcd as if the Englijh were
didwleiit ol tlirm, or lud a Mind to punifh fome OtTences
that tliey liopi'd had li 1 n lu.-gctten. They from thence
piew airohitely dilalietled, and meditated nothing lels
than A tui.il Uivcit, and an ablblute Delbudiun of that.
Powir will' h they now b.-jjin to dread. They concealed,
however, ihcir Seniimrnts fo well, and Ihewcd fo little
Si^n ol I'lirarimlH or Rclcntiucnt, that the Enghjh went
on Without any ApiMelicnfion of what was contriving
ag,)inl) lliiin, nil it was on the Point of breaking out.
'Ihe remaining P.iit of this Hillory svill bed appear, and
the Comhilitin of this Coiilpiracy be moll naturally nade

lac fame thing, and are the plain Englijb of the foicgo-
iiig Diilfb I'hrafe, had reduced him undi

known, hum the lollowing .Account, written by the Pcr-
l.ms piiiuiiially lomeiiieiT, to the Company's chief Offi-
cer in ihe iiuii", which I have therefore chofcn to inlert,
as contammn the iiioll KuiatkabL- Piece of Hiftory within
this Period of Time.

f'e //'(• IhnmrMi' Jolcph Ci>llet, Efq; Prejidtnt and
Civoner "f i'bit bt. George, £?(.•.

I lonoiired .Sir,

" ¥ T IS with the [xrratell Concern that we acquaint you
" Y ^^lili the Ml. Iviituncs that have befallen us and our
'* honouuMc Maltits AlVairs lince our Advices by the
" y^icdi and (I'.i;*^'' niigantine, wherein we did, with too
•' much t OMiideiice, alliire you of the perfeift Peace and
" Tiamiuilliiy wc then enjoyed at Maribrough-Fcrt, which
" the .Saiishu'lioii the Nativis leemed to exprefs in our
*' Atlniinilhaiioii, t^ave us but little Reaibn to iniagine
>• wiaild piove (>l lo llioita Date. Our Pepper, fur fome
" TinU' atlcr, coming 111 veiy plentifully, and we having
*• liernunt Piotmlcs trom them of much greater Quanti-
" tics 1, akiv to be brought out of the Country, we had
»• m.idi a Pio|),rili> inoui Buildings, even beyond our own
" 1 AprOiaiioiis itlie loiindationofoneUur^c and twpCur-
" tains 111 out Tuit-walls being laid, and railed in Brick and
" Climam a loot above (.iiuund, and the Earth laid open
'• lor a land, in the .Sp.ice ot a little more than a Month ;
'> and we had iiuile fuch Pruvilion for Bricks and Chinaiii,
" that we 111 lulvl havi' had lutticient to compleat the whole,
'• wlmli, ai the Kate we had begun, might have been
•' finiiluil 111 lefs than twelve Montlis. Thus wc though:
" ourl'ives luctel>lul in our Undertaking j and it was nu
" Imall I'lcaluie to us to think that, by diligently ferv-
" inn out Mailers 11 would add to our Credit, and in a
'> nioie pdiiliar Manner n commend us to then Favour
" hen al'ii 1 ; lint, 111 the tnuilt of our Proiperity, all our
'* Hopes weie Mailed by a L-eret Combniaujn ot thi
" whole Couiitiy af.aiiill us which they certainly defign-
'• (d I'ipiii in I xceutiun uhilll we had no Ship in the
Ko.ul to aliill us, the M'tchliipaiam having been at
lUrt.il Irom lie- .'ill i)[ 'Jiinuiiiy, but fortunately le-
lutiied to uiii Xhillancc the iStli of Ahvch, being
but Viiy h >s 1 >.iys bvlore tlii' horiid Pl't was diko-
vend,

' 1

iU .L

r n

ylfi hi ft or }( ill .'kiOUKt of tht Intcncut fe

Hook I.

'iii

k 1 "'5'pj;'(fii .' ':
m \ -iils.i'JIv*- .!r ■

" JanltnttiUy and his Country alfo were in Concert with
•' then.

" On the i6th of M.ircb in the M.irning, the ftrnnc-
'* eft P.irty Wf roiil.l mullcr ot hnflt^, R:>Kxiif>'$, BMs
'• ami Chinrje, were onlrrrj out to ergH-^e tfvili, und.7
•» tin- Commniul (.1 Mr. AVu^wr ami hnHgn 7»We, .
'• hut whfn they fume to Htmnthn rojom the bitftafi'i
'» t!>ry wrrc ftrangrly (urprilcd to tind them rrVufe fj
" fi^ht witlxHit .1 pnliiit kewanl \ and Mr Ntv.come
*♦ wai credibly intorr.in', that a confidrrabk- Number ot
'• the 'Anf,%<ijes wite laid in Ambufh to fall on the AW/vj
" of whitli he immediately fent Adviee to the Kort \
" whercuix)n the Sij^n wjj given to recal the Hurty,
" winch prrrentfd our coining to an Aflion tlut Day'
'' I'hc Sultan beiiijT examinid, prrtemled that a wronir
" Interiuetation wa» put u|x>n what he f.iid at Htnctuit^
•' and would have i>ertuadfil us that he had aiwjys bt-cn]
" and was Hill rvaily ami willing to figlu tor the Com-
*' {any \ but «»uf Sulpicion of hn Treachery matle us un-
" will.ng to truil hiin at that Time. About Kteven o'
*' CliKkthi fame Day, Vangarm Munio Rajah biought
" a Token, which, a^ he laiil, was from his Uncle Kajali
" Btx.jm^ fron> SiHgUdim<ml, to give us Notice that two
" hundretl Oraniotnoes were come on our Side mSmgleJt-
" mfiiJ, and defirtd wc would lend the Malaxes loine
" Wcaixjns to ticlcnd themle-lves. This we hjil grrat
" Rialon to liilpeft was falfe, Rajih fl««/»»f himfcit be-
" ing at that 'i'liiT* in Arms ag.iinft i!s at Hanlerin ; liut
" the Ptmgnran ] ontivcly alHrmed he was then at i>imli.
** dtmrnd, notwithlUnding Kiifign ,iJitire had fetn and
" fpkc to him the Night before at baHterin.

•' When we found ourfelvcs lb ticeply involved jn
" Tnm )le on all S;dei, tfiac we were betrayed by our
" PangaroMi, and our Bu^gafes had given us juft Caufe
" to hJlueCt tniir Honclly, To that we had none but the
" Eiglijh, BUcki, and Qbintft to truft to •, the forrnrr of"
" wnich dill not excecti imc hundred and twenty five Prr-
" Ions in Number Ixjth civil and military, and moft of
' th.m unexixTiinird or difabled Mrn \ and the Utur
' had given us but ("mall Encouragement to depend on
' tlu m by their .leftit.iig Kulign Adatrt at Benierm,
■ With this fmall Force, we thought wirfelves in fon;e
' Dangrr of being overcome 1 whcrctore a General Cmm-
' cil was called ol all tlic Company's Servants, and Inlu-
' bitants ot the Place, to conlult about faving what we
.1, ur('rr tSr Cuinmand ol Knfigri ..Jatr', witr. t>r- " could of tf»e Company's Effi-^s, and making (onie
''»r> to piocfr . n.xt MMrri' g. on the i^iii of A/tfrr/',

" It wi' l.ite M Night, on the j ;d of A/rrfi>, Inforr we
" !,.! tht. 1 all .^urincion lit any I'railuiy, whinCup-
•• tun C'W a v.lkil the iXpury-Ciovcrnor, ilut Duftty
" Hf"r.)» luii gut rijgtthi'r Ivtwicn four and live liun-
*' ' r-»i M. 11 in 111 IHiljn, and lie l-HJirvcd th-y defigncd
" (• iiiak' V' ur with the Lonii'any I'hr 1) puty-tio-
•* «vi » iiMiKiiuiiiy dit,utclitd a Irtfr to him, to know
" tfi' R .iluii of lux ti.teitaining fuili Nii.uIhts «>f Feo-
" p.o in Ijs DufiP, ordering lum imnuJiaidy to dilpcrlc
•• ihi.n, rtn«1 toccnic himlllt to the Kurt in the Morning,
" wh.T . it hi !i.i>; any Compl.iinis to make, they (hould
" b; hraii!, and he fhDuKI have Ki-lrds \ whiUi, if he
•• diJ n. f i.n nc,;i.-.tely comply with, we fliould no longer
" el>i- in hir.i our Ftiind, hut tnat hiiu as an tnemy.
" t'..i 'y in ih' Morning he lent a tniting Anfwrr, alVur-
•• iip Us of his Friendlhipi buttakiigno Notice of iliC-
•• JK-'M g tiis I'lO'ple, or coming lii.iilill to th.- Fort, as
•* t!ilirtd. \N ,'•,;■• tu(X)n the Council was miin .'utdy (um-
'"loirl, and a(]uainted witn what ha 1 lufTci;, when it
■vasa^pTci to fend Mr Mach, who was tlie IXipatry's
* Fnind,ro ixrhar, i r cunf r with Inn;, .md jicrluai.e hiin
" t (,uw to the Fort. Alxjui Norn he rrturmd with
♦* the Puputts' A hsrr, w.io proniilVd to «ait «iii the
•• ' vrrnor the mxt Mornr g Fi the nvan time ( ur
*' f'.ngaran n' DtiU^i wir. lent for to aavif with on
" la.sCXialio , who were the I'cd'oi s that oi'ght to have
•• givin U! tlu firll Notue ihrteoi ; hut thty fe nicd to
•* m..kcfligh? ot 1:, jn ' jK.fuulr.t us the Dupatty was an
'• ;)o". (^ g'K) ! Mar, ami ot e that wouK! m t be guilty of
" .111 ill AclK-n aga.nrt tlie Con.jiary, the IVoj '■ of Ins
" I KiLin Iving only Frieiuls that lu lui'. inviteil out of the
•• Cuirtiy to feall with him. This ihf^Vrent Opinion of
" theirs made us jealous j)f their Fiile!:ty. whuh made
" i.s d(Tire tiiem all to take a frefh Oath of Altci. lanct- to
" the C omj>any 1 and the prill 14 Deputy (iovernor and
" CiKinci!, letort we b rhirrd faithrr with them on this
" Alf.iT, which they i id with muih I'erfuafiun confent
*' to. ai.i' It was |Mi. rnied by onr of their I'adrts ; .ittir
" wfiich PiH^aran MuH'O Rajah, undeitook to bring in
•* th- Dupatiy, atui ila> airor.m gly kt cut himfell for
•' A >i 'r:n ; it ,1 not an Hi u a'tir he was gone out ot '
•' t Foil, w> werr alaimci! at the I'.teaOlul S:ght of thi '
" Si:i:u-l '.iniatinrs lck t Nignt. '

A ftf<;rg Fatty was i.-r mediately fcnt tnit to B'Htcu

•• h;

t • Du.r.ti BtKuni, and rn cnj>age the Fneiny uUur
tl. ,e, 01 whre h.- fl .lulo nii t thrni, ufing hn Kn-
'• vou to deftoy ihi l)uUr,and af many ol their Fuj-
'c .IS he p^^ill.biy couM : Bnt in this wt had no Succ; :•.
)r w.int of th Pa>iftar,in\ Alliance, who ha.l pro-
" mil.d to lopply hi!i. with Sinipans to fury his People
" ov: th- \V.urr at Btnttrifi, ur wh re he ftiould have
•' Uccalioii lor th- ni , but in this they deceiveil us 1 for
" our I'aity fin : ng a Bo-y i-f iIk- F.nciiy had furtnied
" thcirlTlvi-s with a ftrong Bn.ift-work ot Fire-Wood,
" and fome fmall Guns on thr r)tht r Side the Rivrr, ovir-
" agai .ft thr Sugar Puhtatu;ns, and not one Sampan
" l<nt by the Pang rjij, acvfirding to their Fromilc ,
*• tor w.int ot w'.ul) ht coul ! only come to an F.ngagc-
" me, t a-crofs thr Kiver, in whuh Manner they conti
" ruc' till a'wiut fi;Ur m the Afternoon, wlirn moft of
•• 'air Hh gafes, Blacki, and Chin^ft h,iving left the t.n
" g'ljb, the Flnfign with the reft retxirned to thr Fort
" .i''Ut SiX m the I-'.vn.i [;, having |K-rh)rmeil hut l:ti.-
" F.xtcuiion on tfie Fjiemy By th-.- Actoum we had liom
" ih' Fnlign, we pl.u-ily found tiut the whole Count: y
•• wrre conr'-rrtd in ihu Relxliion. The principal I'n
" for< that hr law m \ km w ainont;ft thrni were Raiali
•' kccjing. Pangaran Muncho H.i}dh\ uiuler nioft of tlie
" l>i|)ati r» of tiv Dulans a 'jacmt to us, with many i.f
** the Inhabi'ai.ts an.! bjzjr 1' -i pie of Btimuirn, who
*' were hra !en by I")u,)a;t> H/nttiin a d Selebrtan; but
•* he couhl not will gu-, fs at then Numbir, tiicy being
*' ' 't the < ovcrut ;h; I';.-* ami Bnalbwofk they lud
•• raifed .;t Fire-Wo<.d ; and Mr. .ilUoik from SilULr,
" iiao g.vch U4 an Account the Uinc Day, that Pangarun

Pfovilion for our Paftage, if we Ihould be jxit to flight -,
** wlien ivery one gave their Opinion, that it was lor the
" Co.iipiny's lutuelt, as well as for our own Safety, to
" put on board the Ship Matctlapatam th» Company\
" Frrafure and Books, with what Stores and Provilions
" our Time would p.-rmir, with all the F.Xfxdition and
" Sv-cnfy It could tx- pilTibly contrived : .Mtcr which, if
" we were oili^ed to it, we nnuht make our Elcapes in
" the Ix-ft Manner we coul I, tiy the Help of the Ship
'• MatchUpalam, and what Boats we had by us. The
" Keiiiainder of tfiat Day was ipent in Purluit of that
" R-.folution, but n.) B" >ats could l)e got off that Fvrn-
" ing : About .Seven o'v. lock the mxt Morning, bi-ing the
" 27th of A/./>iA, the Company's Frealur-, cJ'c. as /^
*' em loll 1 Uill .)! I.idmg, Were fnt on Ixwrd ; about
" Flight, Nfws were fe.it that l»oih the Pitng,irani with
" thtir WiVes and Children, were elojxrd from BtnceuUt,
'• in the Night-time, and no Account could be given
" which Way they were gone. Alv)ut Fen, Sultan
" CMitheel, who was come from liottaU in the Ship
" >M* ttiafMiam, undertook to accommixlate Matters with
" ihe i,ouiitry I'e'iple, provided we wouKI confent to their
" chufi g new Ptngarani, to which we .igrenl ; but he-
'• for-- wc could come to a Bochar with them, the Pcrlit-
" gu(ze Padrt'i Slave brought News trom Brncoukn, that
" tnc B-igga/ti and Ala/011 were rifen there, an I had
" tut oti the Padrt 4ni moft of the Porttigu^zf, Men,
" Women, and Chih ren, in a moft barbarous Manner.
"• He had hardly done telling his Story, when a large Fire
" broke out at Btmomtn ; another n ar the Fort bthii d
" Cunbury Pagiixr , another towards .SV/iW-'r v and locn
" alter, the 1 krnage-houfc was let on Fire : All this I ime

*' no

CliLip. II. kt.^ccn the Inhahitants of Great-Britain, ^c.

913

were in Concert with

no I'.ncmy arprnrin^, bur ftill (Vi-ni Fires breaking out
in ititferent I'laccs, wliirh ro ild not have l)ctn ilonc
otlirrwili' tlian liy our own H'n^nffs or Malays, that
ari' inoiir ownStrvict: NoFi ii>y)«t appearing, wcilil-
('iirgM what tew prrrit duns w hail nviuntal, at the
tlucktrt of thi fi- liri-i, a' wt; thou^^ht ; in doing of
which, one of thi- Waiiln of our own (Juns unfortu-
natdyfell upon ihrTopjof the Fort BuiW.ngs, winch
look Fin-, anil hurnt lo fr-rcc, that there was noextin-
quilhingof theni : At which Time, we marched out of the
I'ort in one Body to meet the Enemy. We firft palTed
ihc lx)wer Guard; from thence, round the HorrcStablc-
l iill, to the i Icrmitagr, and fo l?y the China-Town and
Buck theds, which were all on Fire, but no F.ncmy
tol)C feen.

»' Wc then came to the Sea- fide, where we faw fome
Thoufands of the Malays, headed by our Sultan and
Buugafles ; which Train rcaih'd from BtneouUn to
Mjrlbrounh : Moft of the Chinefe had fecured thcm-
fclvts in Boats, and on board of their own Praw. Wc
had then none left to ftand by us but the Blacks : Un-
der thefc Difadvantages, we thought ir in vain to ha-
zard our lives any longer, againll fo numerouian Enc
my J our Fort and moft of ourBuildings being deOroyed
by Fire, which put every Man upon faving his Life by
fwimming, or getting on board the Boats in the Ih.11
Manner he could : In which Attempt, near Half our
People were cither drown'd or kill d by the Enemy,
before they could make their Ffcape. The next Morn-
ing, we computed near Three Hundred and Fifty black
and white Men, Women, and Children, wercfavtdon
board the Ship Matetlapatam, Mr. Neacome's Barge,
and three Tombongons, or Boat! for going on board
Ship* 1 for which Number wc had not Water lor
above five Days, at a Pint a Man each Day. Our
firft I>;fign was to go to Bantal, but both the Wind
and Current were fo ftrong againft us, that wc
could not ftir that Way, and fo it continued 'till the
29th of March •, till which Time, wc remained in the
Road, when wc were obliged to alter our Rcfolution,
and make the bcft of our Way to Ratavia \ where, in
all Probability, wc might fooner arrive, as the Wind
and Current were then fct ; or at fome Place where wc
might get fome frelh Water, which we could not expift
to be fupplicd with on the Coaft of Suwutra, to the
South of Bantal. After we had fupplicd each Boat with
five Day's Provifions of Water and Rice, we weighed
Anchor and frt Sail in Company for Hatavia, On the
Second of Afril, we loft Sight of all cur Boats : On
the t>inth, we anchored at Neu-fflMJ, where wc wa-
tered, and got fome Provifions : On the nth, wc
weigh'd from thence, and arrived at Batavia on the
Sixteenth.

" On the 18th and 19th, fifty out of our Military,
who where frnt in Boats to guard the Blacks and Slaves
airivtd at BdiMia from I^ntpoun, where they had put
in for Water •, where the Blacks mutined, and cutaway

• the Higging of their Boau, which occafioncd their dri-
ving on Shore : Then the Blacks left them, encouraged

I by one Serjeant Tbomas H^rigbt, who alfo went with
them. 1 iic r< ft of our Europeans, after being plundered
of their very Shirts off their Backs, were at laft kindly

' alfiftrd by them with two large Sampans j in which
thry faved their Lives, and arrived at £j/<ivro. We

' met with kinder Ufagc as to our Entertainment at 5a-
l.i-iii, than indeed wc cxpcfted ; for they aJTjftcd us in
tranfporting one Hundrea and Twenty of our Peoj)le,
on their own Ships, to this Place : Seventy of which,
hati their Paftagc free, and the Ship's Pitsvifion, they
working for the fame -, and for fifty more, we were
ohligcd to pay twenty Rix Dollars each for their Tranf-
portation i and twenty Rix Dollars each more, to the
Cajitains for their Provifions, in their Voyage. Thirty

' Perlbns more came with the Deputy-Governor on the
Slrip M'tt(hlapatam \ and feven more arc on board the
Madrafs Brigantiiie, who left Baiavia in Company with
us •, lo that wc had faved one hundred and fifty-fcven
Pcriims from the Hands of our Enemies, befldes twenty
Slaves Ixlonging to the Honourable Company, and
>rivate Pcrloni which were dilpolird yf in Batavia.

U M H, 02.

" One of the Dulcb Ships arrived here the 24th Inftant,
when Mr. Newcomt, &c. advifed the Governor of uur
Misfortunes, but the Letter we underftand is not yet
gone from this Place. The Malcblapatam arrived here
Yiftcrday, and this Day the other two Ships, on which
are our whole Complement \ and wc (hall ftay here no
lunger than abfoiuteiy neccflary, to provide for our Paf-
fage to Fort St. Gcurgt -, where wt hope to arrive foon
after this conus to your Hands. The Madrafs Brigan-
tine is not yet arrived. Whilft wc were in Balavit^
we ufed all our Fiuleavours to fend fome AfTiftancc to
Benlal, the' wc h.id hut little Reafun to hope that Place
had cfcajKd the fuiie Fate wc ourfclvcs had met with t
but in this the Duu/j oppofed us in all our Propofals.
The Depuiy-(J( vernor would have gone himfelf on the
Malcblapaidiu, with a>> many of our People as (he could
conveniently carry ; but this they would not allow with-
out he could take all our People along with him, which
was altogether impoifible t nor would they fupply us
with a Vcfl'el on that Occafion.
'• Wc endeavoured to hire the Madrafs Brigantine, for
that Purpofe, but the Maftcr and Supercargoes alledged,
(lie was not in a Condition to proceed. We then pro-
pfcd to the Dutcb, tiiat we might have four Chefts of
Treafure, and fome (jun-i>owder to be forwarded to
them on the //wf/w, on her Arrival > but they rtfufed to
take Charge of it, as they pretended, left Dil'putes
might enfue : We then requcfted, to leave it in the
Hands of any private Perlbiis \ or that wc might leave
fome of cur own Snvanti; there, to take Charge of it \
but they would not coiifent to any oneof thcfc Propolali,
nor fuller the Tieafure to beMeft behind in any manner
whatfocver. We had drawn out a Protcft againft them
for this Refufal, but when we were going to deliver it,
the Shawbander, who had been our Friend, plainly toltl
us, what the Effcits of it would be, that the next
Eiiglijl Sliips that fell in there, would fufter for it, in
meeting with woill Treatment than ever any had yet
done -, whereas wc ouilllves had been civilly treated in
all other Refpcifls.

" Uuon this, we confidered, that the Amelia would
fliortly arrive, for whom we have left Orders to pro-
ceed nrft to Bantal, and from thence to Fort Si. George^
with Advice, if (he arrives Time enough to get away
by the i5thof7««'i if not, to come dirct'Hy lor Fort .S/.
George ; as alfo the outward-bound Cl'iiia Ships: And
probably this Year's Shipping from the Well Coaft,
might be obliged to put in tiure for Provifions -, which,
if they ftiould fail of our Company, might fuffer more
than the Advantage they would reap by our Proteft :
Upon which Cunfideration, it was agreed, it (houid not
be delivered. This is a true Narrative of our Proceed-
ings, fincc our Troubles commenced •, and what wc
have omitted herein, you will find more particularly in-
ferred in our Diaries and Confutations, when we come
to lay them before your Honour, (^c. for your Perulal,
which we hope will be fufficicnt to demonftrate, tliat this
Misfortune is no Way owing to our Mifcondudl, which
we fubmit to your Honour s favourable Conftrudlion,
and beg Leave to fubfcribe,

Ucnturii Sir^

Teur moft ObeJfent, and

OHiged HaaiUt Servants,

Kt^afatam,
yum iS, 1719.

Thomas Cook, Dept.Covtrtur,
Stephen Newcome,
William Palmer.

li'

f ■ •

" The foregoing is an Account of our proceeding, aj
it was remitted to the Governor and Council of this
Place from Ne^apatam 1 to which it will not be amiis to
add, the Reaions that were the Occafion of tliis Mif-
fortunc, which is omitted in the foregoing Narrative :
Firft, it is to be confidcrcd, that t\\cEngliJh had been in-
volved in Troubles with the Country Government, both
at Marlbrougb and Bantal for fome Time before they
' arrived on the Coaft •, which tho' I was lo fortunate as
10 Z

^ ••f

.J J ^

I /J fjiltoruiii . 'h ioioii

''5 '

• " to lirjr.i; to a t cnclufKin, anJ liiii lir niry Mont!.s
" at'tfr krpt a U;r C'orrrl|X)ni!c-iur with (lie NiUVfi \ llill
•' ihry liar.iourai in their MiiiJs a I'ccirt Ui-rrntnit nt ol tin*
' former liiiiiriM tluy luvl liilirrcJ, wlu. Ii thry coniculnl
•' under a Cloik of Friciullhip, ami ^•rn1ln^: Sati»t4flH)ii
" tit n\y Ailmii'.Hr.itiin, till ihry h.iii hruiiglit thr wliolr
" Ciiimtry inM 4 Comlnnation, aiut U'lng rcnllljlc how
•• lifilkly iHir 1 ortit'uation^ were (.arrial tdiwanl, took
'* the C)i'|x)rtutiity ot Rcvcnjjc l)eforr our Buck IhiiIiIiiirs
•* i-unW he finiJhtil, aiul jt a Titiio, ,\% they thoti^jht, wr
•* Ihoultl hive no Ship in the Koaii to alV.lt us \ hut the
•' .\ht<HiipJtiiri >ay toituiiutily arrivril a few Dayi Ix-
" fore thry put thur IVl'ign m Kxeciition. Not lonj; be
" tote ttiis Relx-lhun, a DitViTencc hail hajifienet lietwdii
•' /V/..7/> Biinin anil 5^1" (iii-i, Laiitani ol the Chimt
" turn, and I'mlfrtaker ol th< Comjuny'j Sugar and Ar-
" i.iik F!antatior<. The DupJi.'y is one ot tlic lecond
•' Men in the Kingdom, and (.mvernor ot Dujjncr, a
•* lown ot that Name, lituatc on tlu- Side t)f the River,
•' oppolite to theConipany's Sugar ami Arraikl'lantations.
" He lb a I'aloii wdl Ix-loved among flu Natives, being
" ellernial a I'riell amongit them, and alwayj thought
♦• to hr a gooti Iricnd tu the Englijb.

" The Ditrereme tirll kgan by the IJ^inanen killing
•• fome ol the Dufalt.tsj BulTalocj, that had bioke tiirotigii
*' Tome ol their l-ences, and do»»e lome Imall Uanuge
" tothePUntitions, and indeed, thel eiiceswcrcnut lowdl
" Irnircd as they ought to have Ix-en i and (iiis tliey a(-
" lirn>ed to me they had done, by an Order given thcrn
" by Mr. Farmer, when Ucjuity-Ciuvernor But eonlider-
*' inp the ill Conlcquenccs that might attend granting
" lixh laberty to the Ctinfft, I inumdiatrly lorlad them
*' lioing the like for the luturc, and obliged thein to
•• irike the Dupalty Satistaclion l<>r lonn- Uutiaioes they
*' had killed, and il the like Ihould happn again, I pro-
*' milcd that the Dupaiiy Ihould nuke g'xxl to them what
" Damages the I'lantations apj^ared to have fulUined,
" provided they kept their Fences in re|\air. Notwitlu
" ftandmg what I had done in tins Affair, fome of the
" Jhipattyi People, out of Revenge, got into the China
" Lomixiund, in t/K Niglit-time, and killed one of See
" C./i'*. Slave^, as he v-isflcrping in his Houle. TheDK-
•' /■J/'v's Brother was feen, and known to be one of the
" Comjunvi wlureupon he was taken and brotiglit tu the
" ! firt, where lie wa'i put ir.tu the Cak-boufe tor about
" twenty lour Hours, till he could he brought to his Trial i
*' when he was acquitted, without any luithcr I'unirtj-
" nKnt, there being no } lam Fro<il, that he was the Fer-
" Ion that a».tiu!ly committed the Murder, though by
" the F^viilences that apjH-aicd againll him, there was
" circumdantial Frools enough to have condemned him.
" However, out ol Kefpcft to the Dupaiiy, whom I al-
" way? efteemcd to be my luend, and Uing will ac-
■' qiuir.teil wuli his Intercil, and the Influence he lad
" over the Cuintry People, 1 thcjught it convenient to
" pafs the moll lavourabk Conftiii^tion on this Accufa-
*' tior, whirh I accordingly d.il, and made the Dufotty
" and Sit G:i/' Oiake Hands ami ptomilc Incndllup to
" eaih other belorc they parteil, and fo they rcnuined
" lor feme '! nic after, till the Dufalty h.id got liik l-orcc>
■• topcth'r in hik Dujax, and then \\'. again renewed this
" l>il|Hi(e, releiiiiig the U'rongs thi y hail received Irom
" itic Clintfe, as alio the Uigrace <il having his Brother
" put in (he Coik-Lctij(, iVtS brought to his Trul, not-
*' witiiHanding I had iKcn lo Uvuurablc lo Imn on this
" CKt-afion, and under ihu i'rctuice our Trouble com-
" lOmmciiccd. Ibonidi Cock.

Ilic two following Ijtttrrs were mtercej tul by the En-
I'lifl) in thr Year 1717, which fliews, that the Natives lud
lurnicd this Lonlj iraty loinc Tune Ulurc it was put in
i-xecuiion.

** Jliis comes from Sultan AhMJort, Raja Guillamei,
" Dnt:ut Pand.'.p', M thr great Men in hatiJai, Sr,poolo,
' ' and the (Keriicr-. (>! Trail'- in Biiniayan, and Te^ « Lodra \
" to Dal la /<"jj y-iuojjt, with all tfie Prctttens and U-
" mie(:as, fujm ^atlai nCollcrj.n, to Ca'jiieeti, Surambe,
"and Malacca.

" Raj.» Llu^jft'i letter lent by Juan MaJIin and Du-

fi'iy l^iia Saint'dait, n rctcvid, which wc like very

l^ci.!, I.

" well. Wc are now alV.ireilly <riiil,rd tlu w|>„|f r, ,,,
•• try a. lar a, ./^..^ hkew.le 7«.i<, /V (.««. w„h'|,.;
People, will unanimouily |<mi us ui.d when this ,
" rivts. lend 'Inan M.ulin into the lountiy. to uiviV
" that we intend utteily to t1rll,„y ,|,r /,„|,/„^^ ^,,^, ^^|'
" ilir Setiliimiits ihiou^'jiout the whi If u«|t Ik-cju).
" tluy luve biokr I aiih. and liecom- quite otfierwii.
" to what they lonneiiy were. \N ,. dull p^^ml as li,„n
" as the Itlbval is over, theirlnre wonlil |,.,vc y„u /)„■/#
'' Hnja Uluajjt ihlpaich a Mellenger w.th youi ,ca| bent,
' tiihcnis o» tins AHair, lip.nilving alto how \U<: Pnatern
'' and l.iniucia\ are allnted. | he Anlwu " | hr
" I,tttrriomcs liom him that eats nothing, t„ |<i,|a AW
" >'.», and Sultan (.'»<//.',/.«•/, alhiring thrm, ,1,,, 1,^ ^viU
" gathei togiihcr all llioK- like himlell, with tin- ir„il va-
" hant Mm hriralmuis, and inatth diiei'lly af.anilt /,'••-
" tW(/<(», theiiloie driiies the Allill-anir ol Arm;, w'jcli
" youililves and Kaia I'.tpjjer mull not t,„| to'unj to
" lu.m l){ Uutu, who IS irlolvcd. il the Kinp'i are
" agreed, to Iw their Allv, and you miv depend on hr
'• Fulrhty. lot he knows ikx how m irll al.yc: When b-
" comes down hum the CiuiMtiy, will bring over to his
" Interea the FeopW of Strang, tu H.nuuU,,, and Ij^ut
" Cowl, with iholc l)clongmg to r„nxa<raH Mun^
" .kne^m, ocn as lar as l'etlmi>^Mf; 1 his ,s what I
" piomile to do, deliring yuur loiter in Aniwcr to it
" .So l.oU bleU and km. you in all your Undertakings •
" jvvc my Service tu PatHo Raja iijulfo." Faithlullv
traiillaied fer '

1 's^ Rehtrl l)ymond, Linguill.

" Fouiul at Tatijeong .Irani^, up Sa/>:ai River, by Orang-
" *;* BanJiiburrub Mumo R.iki, J.inujiy the ^7111, 1717,
" while Mr, J.irm,r wa» IKputy-tjuvcrncr ot the NVcif
" Loatlii ul :>Hmatra,"

Notwithllanding the Natives had thus driven the £«-
gli/i from HtniOuUn, they lullered them m about a Year's
I'mK to return agam, ami p.o on w.tli the Fortilications
at Marilrtuib 1 urt, without Opjxilltion. It is true,
there had Uen lome b.nfliji Chiefs lent thi:her, who were
nc;t endowed with lu much Diluction as they ought.
I'hcic Gentlemen, by an im|)eriou» uhI alUiming Behavi-
our, had highly provoked the Nativ{\ ■, but this Iwiiig ve-
ly tolerable in comoanlon ul the J yianiiv the Duub had
excicilcd in evuy I'lacc when' they prevailed, the Mil-
lays, ui>un the IjtjHillion ol the b.i^hjh, Ijcgan to be un-
det iiriible Apprel.enlioiu jell tiK- it*;** lluiuki come and
lettle amoiigll ihetJi by lorcc, and put m\ iron Yoke uji-
on thill Necks, as they had uj^«oii liuit Nughtxjurs. 1 hey
loon laid afide their Relenuimit therefore, and over-look-
iiig the Indil. leiions ol the tnj^hjh I. hielv, gave all Fn-
courai-. mini to our Countrymen to lettle among them >
ami It wa* very happy lot the t.n^li^', tlut they jcniovcd
troin BtMctH.'in, lot time were iHjried Multitudci evcr>-
Year, whereas 4 late Chief of M.n.'ircu^b l-ort allure's
us, that duiing the whole Year, ihey drl not bury ot.e
lieiiileiiun, luch a Dillitime there is in t!ie Situation ot
thcfe two Plaie',, iKjiwithllamling ihcy are no more tlun
two or thiee M,lcs ali.iuUr, and Mariortu^b Fort be--
ing muih more detenlible in its Siuuiion that! iork lort ;
fur 4t MurlhoHgb our People arc nm lo appiehcnlive of be-
ing lurpr./etl l,y the Natives aa lormerly, il there Die ild
happen any milundci Handing lietwecn them again. By this
Means the Hnii^ Comnurtc u greatly extended on this
lilaiul ot Sumaira, and with very good I'lleft.

16. I'he Company ol late Years have been extrcamlyat-
tnitive not only to thr gencml Characters, but lo far as it
has been jxaFiblc (or theiii to be informed as h) tlie Fldii-
(aiion, (icnius and Behaviour ol their duels » ijy winch
wile and jirudent Conduct, they havi givin (juite a new
Face to their Allans, a. id il it had not Uen lot the letting
up new Comjwnies m dillerent Parts of L.troft, by whic'i
their Trade lutb certainly l»eeii vity much hurt, they imiil
by this Time have Um in a Coiulition to have ■almo!>
doubled their Dividends i yet I lannot but acknowledge,
iqM\ this Occalit/n, that as thele new Compa:,ies were
eucted abroad <hieliy Iroiii the Opinion that foreigners
ei.te/taiikd ul tlie I'rolits that weie made bv ourCoinpanv,

wi '

Cliap. 11. /ctvccen the Inhahitiuiti oj (jic.ii-liritain, £^'c.

IhmoHJy Linguilh

|.i the |)il(»vrtv <<! tint w.u, in a ^rrat nicaturr, owiii^
i.i ihr t.irtioii'' l)il|iiit(s tli.it li.ivi' ltin|{ rcif^ncd aint)n(;lt
\is ( lornifat Lomplaiiiis litin^', m.ulfol thr Uc-cjy (t( our
|r.iili', tlic Minillry (iuK;il the Amounts »)t the Cotn-
iKiny'i S.1I1 s ru he coniljiuly |iulihl)u'ii, which llruck I'o-
iTi[;i)<ri with Aina/.cnu'iit, ami nuitribiitctl ijreatly to the
lor warding thr i'mjidt. tiny hid turiiKj ol obtaining a
Share in this lucrative I'r.iiiick.

At till- lime time tluli- DcCinns were vigorouHy pur-
(iirtl abioail, tliPic wanted not lomt Frniccton at home,
who wire tleliroui of laying open the Indian Trailc ■, ami
ainnulanrr ol pUiiliblc I'hinf^s wttc litid U|)OH that Sub-
\fi\, which, at It very naturally iiui^ht, greatly alarmed the
I ompany, more eljiccialiy at it happened at a Tiine when
ihry had Kcal'on to apprehend that popular Opinions
mi|;ht prevail to their I'rejudicfi and thcrttorc it is not to
t)c wondered that they entered likcwife on their Side, iito
Inch Schrtnes as were n.oll likely to defeat thcfc IXligns,
and to I'rcure them in the I'onTrinon ol° their Kights and
Privilegrs. I fhall not take u|x>n me to decide lb nice
and intricate a IjueAion, as whether the laying ojx'n this
Trade would, or would not, have been for the Advantage
of this Nation ; bccaufe, on the one hand, I am Icnftblt:
much may be laiil on ly«h Sides ; and on the other, that
I liave not Room to examine here what might be alledpcd
on either Side. I conlinc myfelf therefore to Matters of
Fa<ft, and endeavour, with all the Brevity that is confi-
ftcnt with my Dcfign, of giving as rompleat 1 Jiftory as is
in my I'owcr, of our Commerce to the Indus, which, fo
far as I know, is a Subjtft not attcmpteil before, anti
fonfequently more neceflary, which leads me to oblcrvr,
that tlie Kefult of the Company's Confiderationi on this
1 lead was, the propofing to fucli as had the Dire^ion of
the publirk Aftains, a new Agreement with rclpeft to the
Compiiiiy's Powers, lb app.srrntly bcnelicial to the Nation,
at that it might effcrtually (ecurc them from liftening to
the Fro|iolals that wire, or might be made, for laying this
Trade open, in which, without doubt, fuch as were liien
entrurted with the Direftion of the Com|xiny's Concerns,
did tlieir Duty to the Proprietors, and were fo fuccef^tul
therein, as to obtain the Concurrence of the Adminiftra-
tion t and, in confrquence thereof, fuch a Law as they
defired for the prckrving the Powers and Privileges of
their Principals.

At all Events, this wai much better for the Nation than
the Method taken in King William^ Time u))on the like
Occaflon, when the old EJift-hulia Company found it rc-
quifite to dirtribute an immcnii: Sum of Money to thr
Minitters and I-'avourites, to obtain a new Charter, by
which the Publick did not gain a fingle Shilling in Re-
turn for the Advantages that were granted to this Corpo-
ration. This Ubfervation of mine will be fully juftitied,
and the Truth thereof effefttially proved from the Con-
tents of the A<^ of Parliament before- mentioned, which
was pafTeil in the third Year of his prelcnt Majefty, in
confeqiience of the Agreement, of which I have before ta-
ken Notice, aiid was intciulcd on both Sides, to be abl'o-
iutrly final, and, in every Refped conclufive.

This Ait therefore, after reciting feveralAfts, Provifo's,
Charters and Agreements, fcrr. relating to the Uniteti
Company of Merchants of EngUiHd trading to the Eaft-
Indits, EnaAs, That in l^lrfuance of their late Agree-
ment, the faid Company (hall pay into the Receipt of the
Exthtqutr, on or before a certain Day appointed, tlic Sum
of 200,000 Pounds, to be applied towards the Supplies
granted to his Majefly, tor which no Interell fhall ever
he payable to the Company, nor any Addition be made
to their capital -Stock or Debt from the Publick, on Ac-
count thereof V nor fhall the fame, or any Part of it, be
paid to the Company. And alter the 20th of SfpKmher,
1730, the Annuity, or yearly Fund of 160,000/. (hall
be reduced to 1 2h,oi>o /, in refpect of the capital Stock or
Debt of 3,200,000 /. whi.-h reduced Annuity (hall be
thargcd on the (iinK Duties and Revenues by the like
Weekly, or CJiiartcrly Pavmcnts, and with the fame Pro-
vifions lor making gotxi Dolicien^ics m the faid reduced
Fund, as tlieir pu lent Annuity or l-'iind is now chnrged
on, till Ibme ne\v,or other Provilujii lliall be made by Par-
lunitnt, with Conlcnt of the Conij'aiiy, But, upon one

Vcai'i Notice to be [^ivin by PirluiniMit .dicr thu j.'.tli cit
Maub, 1746, on tin: Ixpirarion of that Year, an I on
Re paynuiit of the laid Dibt ol j,juj,(jU<> /. (u the Com-
pany, and all Arnirs of their tnluud Annuity of
I iK,coo /. which fhall be due at the I'.iul of tlir liud Tear |
then, and from thtnatorth the laid A nmihy, er yearly
Fund, fhall ceafe, and be no longer payable,

At any liiiir, on a V«ar's Noii(,c after tlin faid ajih
of March, 1736, given by Pailiuuuiir, at llio liiid Yiat's
Expiration, u|)on Re payment to the Coiiipuiiy of any
Sum, not being leU than Five huiulnd 4lioutiiiid Poiindt,
in Part of the lapital Sttx;k of j,.'i.u,(;.jo/, and on I'ay-
mcnt of all Arrears whiih fhall be thin due on their re-
duced Annuity, after fuch Paynunis made to fuch «if the
find Annuity as fhall bear a Pronoriion to the Money fo
paid in I'ait, (hall cealc and lie abated \ and lu frmn time
to time, uiwn fuch yearly Notices anil Payment of liicli
other Sums in Part of the faid cauital stock, till the
Whole of tlitir Annuity fhall be entirely funk and (la-r*
mined. Notwithftaniling any fuch Redemption, all Per-
funs entitled to any Intcrcfl in the laid capital .Stock in
I'radc, or Money paid in for carrying on thr fame, or in
the Fadloriei, Settlements, lands, Qt. belunginR to ilic
United Company, fhall be, and continue a U(jdy politick
and corporate, Off, and have perpetual Sucfcllion ; nnd
they, and their SucccfTors, fhall be capable in I, aw to pur-
chalc I^nds, i^c. not exceeding at any one time the yi arly
Value of Ten tlioufand Pounds in the Kingdom ol Urtiit-
Jiritain, and alfo to alienc the fame \ and m.iy alio enjoy
all I'rivclegcs, Stocks and Kflatts, and Advantagrt, 6v.
which art- not hereby altered aa by former A^U or Char-
ters founded thereon, the Company might hold or enjoy
the fame ■, and after llich Redemption of the faul yearly
Fund or one Moiety tlicreot, thcCom|Mny may, at theii
General-Courts, declare how much, and what Shaic in the
remaining capital Stock, (^c. fhall qualify Member* of tlie
fame Company to be Dircttors, or to give Votes in any
General-Court. And, notwithlfanding fuch Redemption
as aforcfaid, the Company (hall, fubjtCt to the Provify of
IXtcrmination henin after contained, enjoy the whole and
fole Trade to the Eajl Indies, and have the only labeity
of trading thither, iJc. And the Kuji Indus, 01 lllariJ',
iSc. within the Limits of the faid Cuuipany, fhall not, be
tore the faid Determination, be failed to by M\y other ui
his Majefly's Subjeds.

And if any of the faid Subjtds, other th.in the Fador",
l^c. of the United Comjjany, fhall at any Time I ul,
trade, or adventure to or from tUc haft. Indio, and Pam
aforclitid, they fhall incur the Loli of all Ships whidi llvill
be employed in fuch Trade, (jfc. and the (Joods lailcn
therein,and double theValuc thereof i which Forfeiture!, fhall
be furd for, recovered, and diflributed, as by the 7 dnj. I,
c. 2 1, is direfted, concerning the Penalties and Fortttiures
mentioned in that Ai\.

The laid Company fhall, at all Times hereafter, have
all the Powers which by any Charters, is"*, arc |);rttntcd
them, and not altered by this Ai\, freed and dili iiarj?/d
from all Provifo's of Rcdemj)tion, life, as fully an if the
fame were here fcvcrally rejieated, but fubjed to Ow. Re-
ftridfions contained in the Afts ami letters Patents
now in Force, and alfo to the Provifo's following, viz.
Provided that upon three Years Notice to Iw given by
Parliament, aftrr the 25th of Manb, ij,]('i, upon the
Fjtpiration of the faid three Years, and repaying to the
CpiniMny of the whole capital Stock of 3,»0(),ooo/, and
all Arrears of Annuities payable in refped thereof t then,
and from thenceforth the Right, Title, and IiUercl^ of the
faid Company, to the whole, Ible, and exciudvc Trade to
the Eaft-lndits, &c. (hall ceafe ami iletrrmine, But after
the IXtermination of that Company's Right 10 tlic (ble
and cxdulive Trade to and from the EiiJI-Indifs, the Cor-
poration, with all, or any Part of their joint Stock, Ooodi,
F.flatcs, isfc. may trade in common with other the Sub-
jeifs of his Majefly trading to and from tliofe Parts.

Any Notice in Writing, fignitied by the Speaker of the
I loiife of Commons, fhall be deemed a ilue and jwoper
Notice by P.irliaiiunt, to all the Ends and Purpoli's for
which liich Notices are dircded by this Ad to be given tu
the Company Nothing in thil Ad (hall exteinfto lub-

ice

II :

•1 ; y

■•<

9i6

.Ift hijloniiil .liiOUHt oj thilNlc^iu^

mm 0i\

c; i

%i'u \

;y<.:

Iti'i the Govffnof anti Coiinuny of Mrnhant* nt huglMd
ttitluigtu ihi- I ti.mrStM, to uny IViulcir^ null- or tf mires
ehfrcby eiuitcil, m ttiiiril to ihrir Trailr in chotc ScM »
jiul rwUiing hiriin Ihall rcllriin or prcjuducliich Trailr or
N^vi^uion within my o» thf Ijuiitt of the h.afi-M*
C»fl)(vuiy, u the inutk-itd Comiuny vc jny wayi entit-
led unto.

With thn Aft I Oull conf!u>!e the hirtoiical P«rt of
thii Sedion, having, u I piomifcJ, dnliReJ the Tr«nf-
it'tioni of the lufludis tonip^ny, anil with theni the
Cumincrcc of the Bntijk Nition to the Mm, fruni the
rjrhdl AccuunD we hare of their iradinu lo thu Part of
the Work), and from their firft FiUbliOiment in the
Krign of (.Juccn EIiMsitib, down to the jirefent Time \
in whKh Seiict ol taAi, we hope iKe Reader will find
a greater Saiisfa>,'tion, fince it exhibio to him in one
View, and confidering the vaft Variety of Matter in a
veiynarrowlompal'i, a regular Chain of F.venn, which de-
niuni^ratei the vail Importance of thu Commerce to the
Nation, the Meani by which it was at firft acouireil, the
I'rKgrrb matle therein, the Diffiruitie* and Obrtriiftioni
It liai nut with, the Methods by which they have been
ovcri-Dine, anil the Manner in which the Company hai
at U\\ aiijuirrd a happy and firure Klbiblilhmenr, which
we havf RcaCon to hope will |j(l as long u our prrfrrt
KLcllint Conrtitiuion, finer it n founded on the lame Bi
lis and IS (u«ihn.l by the flrongcn Authority that the
l>iw« ol iliu Country can afforJ.

It icnuins, ill Older to conclii Ic tlir I'lan laid down at
the Beginning of thu Su'lion, that we fhoiild prrfent the
kcadrr *ith a dear and liKcinil View of the I'DlTflTioni of
the Conijany in the InJits, and the State ol tlirir Com-
mrnc in thofc Parts, a it rtamh at prelcnt, which we
lliall do with all the Brevity iKjITible, and in that Order
which frciiiA ntod natuiol, both with rrgarvl to ihe Sittia-
tiMM ut Places, and the avoiding unnccrirary Kepctilions
having n'.thir.g mure in \'icw tlian to Date every thing as
clearly a> it i> (lolTible, and to confine ourfelvci within at
littlr Room OS the Putfuit of that DeHgn will allow.

17. Wc (hall begin then with the Port of Gamirn, or,
as I'nme write it, Comht:n, on thr Coaft of Pirfi*, which
liecmir famous afta (he Dtnru<f(ion of the inand of Or-
waz, aiiu thf Ruin of the PtTtuitttxi Power In the Iniitt.
ri»c City wa* built by the fircat Shah .-tf/ij, from whence
It It called by the Pn/um BaniUr- J^afi, that it the Court
of /tioj. It ftands in the Lat. of ];• 40' North, and
and u looked upon u a Port of the grntefl Trade in
thu Part of tlic World. We have cUewhere given a
large Account of the Situation, Climate, and Condition
of the Country in the Neighbourhood of this celebrated
Mart, and flull here therefore confine ourfefvet ftri^lly to
u hat concerni the Commerce of the Enilijb.

Our Aril EAablilhiiient was about the Year 161 ), and
the (ireal Shah jiiat having, at that Time, Occafion for
our Afliflance againll the Piringurxf, granted us by Trea-
tici, in Confidcration of our Serviirj in that War, half the
Curtoms of this Port, which were duly received for a con-
fiJcrable Time -, but, at length, under various Pretences,
wen- reduced to one thouutul Tomans a Year, wluch
amounij to Three thoufand, three hundretl thirty-three
Pounds, fix Shillings and l-.ight-pence of our Money ■,
and even this, for forty Years pall, has Ix-en Ixjt very in-
differently paid i and at prefent, as I concrrve, we have
the kiglit only, and not the PofTelTion. But the EaJI-
InJia Company Hill maiiiuint a noble Faiftory here, by
vthich it manages the whole Tragic of the Fmfire of Ptr-
fia, and exports thither a vafl Quantity of Enroftan Goods.
In the Year 1720, the Fa^ory fuffcrtd levcrcly, and the
Confufions induced by repeated Reljcllions in Pnjia \ but
as the Atfairs of that F.mpirc are now pretty well fcitird,
thtre is no doubt tlat thofc of the Company will be alfo
rcftorcd, and that we Ihall regain that imporant Com-
merce which lias l>ern fo lony (.arricd on htre.

'I he City <jf Moihu Hands at the Fntrance of the Red
Sta, in the latitude of 13^ 11'. W. and is a Plocr ot
very '^rcat TraJr, as we have (hewn in the former Part ol
this Work. 1 he Engli/h arc hkewifc well received hcie ;
carry on a grrat Commerce in Coffee and other Commodi-
ties, as well as in all the adjacent Ports ut .-habia, oj ha*

l^en alreaily (hewn m the torrgoing Seftion*. |i „ ,t„p
that we have been lonie 1 ime» rxji«)Ud to ilie Iri)u(liceol
the .1r»btM Princes, and to the IXrpretlations of Pirates
in thole Parts v but in ihit wt h iv uidy Ihated tk lame
Fate with other Nations, aikl |«rhaps have tlcapcd rather
better than ihey

We fhall next |>rucerd to the Indian CoaA, where wc
luve either Fa^torirt or lort*, and .Settlements, u the
tollowing Places, v»«. liartJ,t, Sutliry, Sur*i, bmbM,
DiiM, CsnMr, 'Ittiuhtry, .4W//«v«, Fori Si DuxiJ
Ctir^mtrt, all along the SitUhur Coall, and lurnmj^ up
to thole ol Q)r9m*H.UI, where we come next id wImi may
be called the Capital ol our Pollrllions in the Udin, 1
mean Fort Si. Lttrge. We have in the Courle ol tir.
Work, and ntnioilarly u> thisSettion, given a large Account
of moll of the Places lietore-nVntioned k whkh is the
Realon that we have not dwelt upon them here \ but as tor
Fort St Gttrgf, whuh lUmtt in the iaititule ol ii" iq
North, It re«jiiires a more iiartmilar Ihlcnption lor many
Rralontt am.1 tiirretore, I have thought ht to inhrta large
Hillonc il AcccAint iherrot, as well as a clear and circum-
llantial IVU ription, written by one who was perlritly oc-
qiiaintrii tlu irwith, as well as with all the I ranUaions ttiat
<Kcur 111 his ciiri'ius K'lation, which will rontril>utc to ren-

r the Hiiloiyol this I'art of our/thfaMSettlemrntsiuni-
p.at, by hjrnilhing as cxa<tt an Account ol this, a« we
have here lirfore given of other Places i and therefore
cannot iHit aliurd the Reader an agreeable l.iitertam-
ment.

Fort St. Gttrgt or MstUrt/i, or u the Natives call
it China Patmn, is a Colony arid City U. longing to tlic
Englijb Es/t-In4i* Company, fiiuated in one ol the mull
incommodiout Places I ever law : It fronu the Sea, which
continually rolls impetuoully on lU Shore mure here, than
in any other Place on the Cuall ol C«r*mandtl The
Foundation u tui Sand, with a Salt- Water River on it«
Backlide, which ubllru^s all Spnngi ol frelh Water fruni
coming near the 'I'own \ fo that ihcy have no drmkoUc
Water within a Mile of tbcm, the Sea often thrtaunmg
IVflruAion on one Side, and the River, in (he rainy Sea
Ion, Inundations on the other. The Sun liuin /fnl tu
Stflmbtr Iconhtng hot \ ami if the Sea-Bn:c<e» did nut
moillen and cool tite Air, when they bkiw, the Place
couki nut iiolTibly be inhabited. I'he Reafoii why a i-uit
wu built on that Place, is net well accounu-d tor ; but
Tnulition (ays, that the Gentleman who received his Or-
ders to build a Fort on thit Cold, about (he Beginning
of King Cbarlti the Second's Keign, alter his Kctlura
don, lor prtxc^tin^ the Company'a Trade, chofe ttut
Place to rum the Pcringiuxt I'radc at St. Tbtmat^ \ others
again alledge, and with more Probability, that die Cien
cleman atorelatd, which I take to be Sir H^itiiam Lang-
hern, had a Millrels at St. Tbtmaj't, of whom he wu lo
enamoured, that it made him buikl there, tliat tiieir In-
terviews might be the more frequent and uninterrupted i
but whatever his Reafuns were, it is very ill fituated.

The Soil about tiie City it lo dry and liuidy, that it
bears no Corn, and what Fruits, Hoots, and I Ictbage they
have, are brought to Maturity by great Paint and mu h
Trouble. If it be true, that die Com^wiy gave hini
Power to kttk a Cok>ny in any Part ol that Coall that
pleafed him bell, I wonder that he chole not Cahlai,
about fix Ijeasucs to the Southward, where the Ground is
fertile, and the Water good, with the Convcikicncy of
a Point of Rucks to laciliute Boats landing \ or why he
did not go nine Leagues farther norilicrly, orul fettle at
Peiicai, on the Banks of a good Rivei , as the Uuul> luvt-
done fince, where the Road ior Shipping is made caly by
fonie Sand-Banks that reach three Leagues oti' Shore, and
make the high nirbulent Bilkiws diat come rolnng truiii
the Sea, fpend their Force on thole Banks, bcluic tlicy
can reach the Shore. The Sud is good, and thcKivir
commodious, and convenient in all Scalons : Now, whe-
ther one of theic Places had not been niore elit;ible, I
leave to the ingenious, and thole conicrncd, to con
lider.

However, the War carried on at Bengal and Bomb't^.
by the Engltjb, againll the Mt,gur\ Subjects trorn lOSj,
to 1689, made F'on St. Gterge put on a better Urcls tha^i

i ' ''■

Trtvit-i Sri tain, v;j,'t

y'7

ion*. l( w inir,

10 tlte IniuUicc oi
l4ti()iii ol I'irMe*
y Iturcd iltc Umc
ivc «luiiK.\l rtihcr

I Cu«f\, where *»«
lllrinenlv M the

hurt £/. D«i'J,
, anil tucniii^ u|i

next to ^\\M iiuy
t in the litJifi, I
he Couric ut ih'»
len > Un^r Account
Ftl k whh.li It the
m here t but u tur
Atitwle ol 13° 10
ikiipiion tur nitny
t ht tu mint a Urge
I clear and urciini
«> wa^ peilr^tly ac-
[K I ranU^ion^ that

11 ri)nirit<ute to ren-
iM Settle mrntt I uni-
uunt ol tlui, a* we
[c» i and thcrcfure
(recable l.ntirt^in-

u the Native) call
ty UlungiDi^ tu liic
in one ul the mull
unu the b<'4, winch
jrr mure here, chin
Ctrgmandtl The
Water Kivti on iti
ol Irelh Water Ironi
r have no tlnukaUc
ca oltcn threatening
er, in the rainy Sc*-
: Sun lioin .^frU tu
Sea-Brvctck ilul not
ry blow, the fUcc
: Keafon why a toit
■ccounu-vl lor ; but
ho receJvctl his Or-
about the Ucginning
alter hi» Rcrtuu
Trade, chofc tiat
St. Tbimat'i \ othen
bihty, that the tien
Sir tyiUiam Lang-
of whom he was lo
there, iJ»»t liicr In-
and uninterrupted «
cry ill fituaicd.
y and landy, that it
u, and I letb«ge they
rcat i'aim and muli
Comt^iiiy gave hini
rt ul that Loai\ that
cholc not CabtUn,
»here the GrtAind is
the Convcniency of
landing or why he
rihcrly, wul ftttk at
. , as thf Uunb lavt

ji^s ofi' Shore, anil
It come rolling tWiu

Bankj, bctuic they
gocxi, and the Rivtr
Sealons; Now, whc-
yccn nvjft clitniblc, •

conccrneil, to con

. Benf^ai and Bomin>}\
Subjects, Irotn lOSf.
on a better Uicb than

he wore licforf i for the |>ranal)!e /«,//,;» MerdianU, wlio
h«r Ciinteiiiion Jnd War, cinic lliKkmi; tliiihcr, IkcuuIc
It Uy tjr Iroin ihole liuuiiiliereii of rrmli-, an*! near the
Duiiirind Minrxot i,(iUo»,L, where there arc many Tiniei
IjoimI H.U|iiii>o to lit- nude, and Mom y |{oi liy our (lovii
nuri k (lie lilatk Mcivliant'i reloriinf^ 10 inir (. Dlony, to d
(Ure thnr luniiius iiul bring iIkm (ioo^U lua tiile M.tr-
kel, nwW it po^niUjii« .md rich, iiotwitliiUii>|ir)', itn na
iiiiji InuiiivtiueiiiiM. I 111- r«)Wi\ h divulrd into two
Pait^i one when the f «r.;/.fi«w ilw. II, i»(alleii tk- whH(
Town: It 1^ wailed qiuti round, ami liailtver.ilB.iHioniun.l
Bulwarks tu tlcUnil its W.ilh, which 1411 only Ix.- utc.ickcj
at it% I'-ndi, the Sea jn>l Kivcr lorrilying its Sides. It is
alnnit tour hunJtcd I'airs loii|;, and itnc imiuli d and lit-
ly broad, ilivulcd i.itu Sireits lurtty rrgiilar, and I oit ,v/.
iitorgt llooil mar its Ccntif. I lion' .ire twi Cluirclus in
it, one (or fiu' i.n;ilijl\ and anoiiur tor t\\v Rtthijt S«-rvn.i..
The (iovcrnor (ii|icrintiiu!s botli, ami m tilling up V'a<an-
ries in thr Renujb Cliurdi, hv is the I'o, '^ Ll•^atc• a U
urt in S|iiriiLuliius. Ilurc is a vtty g<K, Holpiial m
llie Town, and liie C.oii»|Mny's llork-StahKs .if near,
but till" <iM Cii!Iitt(',c, wjicrc.u'rcat many (initldm-n I \i
tots an- obli|;rl to Unlur, is ludly kept in Kipair. '1 liry
luvia luwn-l lali, jniiiimlniKatli it an- I'liloi.s I.. rlltitors.
Thiyuri, or wen- a Loipuration, and had .1 Mayor nnd
Alderman, chDrin by tlic tur Burghers ol tin- I'own,
but that Icutvy Way is ^i"*'" ohr,lcfe, and llie Ciovcrnor
and his Couniil, it I'arty, lix the Lhone.

The City had Laws and Ordinances tor it» owi< Prefer-
Vation, and a Court kept in Jorni, thi: Mayor and Al-
dermen 11. tli.ir downs, wttliiMaces on the laUlc, aCUrk
to keep a Kigillcr ot I ranladlionH and Calts, and At-
tomir* and Sollicitors to plca<l in Form, before the Maytr
and Ald<Tmrn ; but alt;r all, it is but a larce ; tor, by
l-Xjicii' iKV 1 IouikI, that a tew I'agadocs rightly phutd,
couki turn t!ic- Scales ol Jullu e, to whiih Side the Gover-
nor |)lcal(d, witliout rcl|>ccl tu lv;uity or K( putation. In
finaller Matters, where the C.ilc on both Sules is but
weakly fupported by Money, thin the Court ait^s juilici-
oully, accoriling to their Coiilcunces and Knowledge, but
often againil Law and Realon ■, for l\w Court is but a Court
of Conkience, anci its Uireiilions are very irrepular, and
the (iovcrnor's difpenfin{'; I'ower of nulling all tliat the
Court truilitcts, |iuz7les the moll celebrated Ljwyers there,
CO find Rules tojullify fuch C onduft.

They have no martial Law, lo that they cannot intlic'l
the Pains of Death any other Ways than by Whipping,
only lor Piracy tlity cm\ hang, and (omc of them have
been lo fond or that I'rivilcdgc, tliaf Mr. 7<»/e hang'd his
Groom {Crefti for ruling two or three Days Journey olV,
to take the Air J but in lingland he paid nretty well lor
his arbitrary Sentence : And one of a latter Date, r/z. the
Cithoilox Mr. Ce'Uil, hing'd a Youth who was an Ap-
prentice to an Otiker on board a Ship, and his Mailer
going a pirating, carried hit Si rv.int along with him, but
the Youth ran fioin them the full Opportunity he nut
vith on the Illanil of "Jtnkceyloan, and informed the Maf-
tcr of a Sloop which lay in the River there, that the Pi-
rates had a Dcfign on his Slocip and Cargo, and went arm-
ed in Company with the Maftcr, to hinder the Approach
of the Pirate?, and was the firll that tired on them, yet
that mercitul Man was inexorable, and the Youth was
hanged.

The Power of executing Pirates is fo ftrangely ftrctchcil,
that if any private Trader is injured by the Tricks of a (io-
vernor, andean find no Redrefs, if the injured Perfon is fo
lx>ld as to talk of l.cx ttditnis, he is inlallibly declared a
Pirate. The bhick Town is inhabited by Gentrxs, Mo-
tammetians, and Indian Cbrijlian:, viz. Jrmtnians and
Portu^uezc, where there arc lemples, and Churches for
eat h Religion, every one beinj^ tolerated, and every one
follows his piopcr !• nipioyment. It was walled in towarils
the Lain), when (iovernor Pit rultd it. He had fome
Apprthennon tli.it the Moj^ul's Generals in Gokonda
miylit fome Tiim or otiur plunder it; lb laying the Ha-
zard .inil Uangir bclorf the Inhabitants, tluy were either
p'Tliiadei!, or oblir,. d to raile Subltdies to wall their Town,
except ti)\vards thi- Sea, and the white Town.
NuMi.. LXIII.

The two Towns arc alifohifely governed by the Govpf-
nor, in wliol. Hands the (omm \nd ol thi' Milirary it
knlged \ Init all other AlVairslKloii,'',ini', to the Company, arc
manap[id by him ami his Council, moll Part of whom arc
grnerully h»s Creaturisj .iml I hive bien, nnd .»m ac-
iiiiainied with liime (iinfl'inrn, who Invc Iwn in that
Poll, us well us tome |irivate (ienilimcn who n liJcd at
hrt Si. (ittrgt, M'*n ol |' at I andoiir .inil I Imuiur, hut
ihry liMom c<mtinind loii| I'avourit.i at Court. One of
the Gatc^ Cil thf white T' ■.« looks towards the .Sia, anil
It is lor that Rcalim call( I the .Sea-j;ate, the (iatc-way
king pretry fp.ieious, w.u formerly the (ommoti I-Jt-
chuiige, when- Mirilunts of all N.ifioni reliirtrd about
l-.l(ven o'Clixk to ticai ol Biilimfs in Merehandi/.e t but
that Ciilloin is out of laftiiun, and tlu' tonlultation-iham-
kr, or Governor's Aparinii n», f rv. r for that Ulc now i
M\\h ^ mailc one Capta.i .' r/, 1 v. ly m rry M.iii, lav,
that In lOuld never liav Iv.icvcd that ili'- S>a n.ifc eoulil
have ken carried into tlie Confultation loom, it he haj
nof fern it.

TIk- Company iiave their Mint Irrc for coining Bullion,
lli.it conus troiii /«/•',"=•, ami otiur Cumtries into Ru-
pees, winch brings th m in .1 [-/v.d Riveniie. I he Rupee
IS llanip'd with I'tr/ian Charattn., il'ilarinp; tlic Mogul's
Nami, Year of bis Riipn, and fome ol his Titles.
I'hey alfo roin (,..,|f into P.i}.',.! l<»es of fiViT.d D.rKimina-
tions and N'alir.s. Thrre an aiti) Schools lor the I'.duca-
tionol Children •, the hii^Uflj t"orreai!int»and w;itiiig £•;:'.'.;/<'' V
thi' rortiigu.Zi tor their Language, and /.iilm \ .ind the
j\hl.\mmiilms, Ct>ilow< and .lrnini:aiis, for thiir p.irriiu-
lar Languages, and the hugli/h Church is will em lowed,
and maintains poor ( ientlewomen in good I loulewiLr),
and good Cloatlis and Palankines.

llie Diamond Mii.is are but a Week's Journey from
Fcrl St. C(or)^{. Some I'ulloms and Laws at t!ie Mines
are, when a IVrlijn goi'i tlutlier on that .AlVair, li;' cinills
a Piece of Ground, and .uquairf. one ot liic Uinfi's Of-
ficers, who Hay there tor that Si rvicc, that hi- want* lb
many Covets ol Ground to dig in, but wlietliir they .ijirec
for lo much, or if the Price be certain, I know not. I low-
ever, when the Money is tuid, the Sp.icc of Ground is
enclolid, and lumeCentinils [liced round it. The Kinjj
challenges all Stones that ari' iouiul .ilH)Ve a certain Wiight j
1 think it is above fixty Grains •, and il any Stones be car-
ried clandellinely away, above the ftipulatid Weight, the
Perfon guilty ot the Theft is puiiiflK-.i with Diath. Some
are fortunate, and got l-.llatcs by iiig!T,ing, wliik: others
lofe both their Money and Labour. 1 he current I'railo
of Icrt Si. (j'lorge runs gradually flower. The IV-vier
meeting with Dilappointments, and fometimis with Op-
prellions, and lometmies the I.ilitrty of buying ;ind fell-
ing is denied them : And I havt- (an, when the (iovcr-
nor's Servants have bii! for (ioods at a publi.k Sale, fome
who had a Mind to bid more, durtl not, others who ha^l
more Courage, and durll bid, were brow-beateii and
threatened ; luid I was Witnel's to a B.ir'j;a;n of Siir^t
Wheat, taken out of a Gentleman's Ham!?, alter he h.nJ
fairly bought it by Auaion, lo that many trading People
are removed to other Parts, whi.Te there is a greater Li-
krty and lets Oppreflion.

The Colony produces very little of its own Growth, or
Manutaclurc tor foreign Maikets. They h.id tormi'rly
a Trade to Pfgu, where many private Tr.ii'i rs got pretty
good Bread by their Tratlkk and Indullry, but the I'ra.ie
is now removed into the /Irnunians, Moors and Crii.'oi.s
Hands, and the £«;'///> are employed in building and re-
pirinp of Shipping. The Trade they li.'ve to C-'.'iiiti is
divided ktween them and Smut •, lor the (ioLl ami fome
Copjjcr arc for their own Markets, and the CJrols of their
own Cargo, which confifts in Sugar, Sug.ir-candy, .'\!liim.
China-ware, and tome Drup", as China-roots, Galling-
gal, f c. are all for the Sui'tH Market. Their Trade to
Perfia muft firft come down the famous. C'<;':^«, before it
can come down St. Gicrgr's Channel, to be con\Tyed to
Per/ia. They never had 'any Trade to Mo(hr, in the Pro-
dutl and Manufadlures of Ccromandel, bdore the Ye.ir
171J, and Fort St. DiiviJ lujiplies the lioods for that
Port •, fo that fcri St. C forge is an Lmblem of HolLviJ,

11 A liipplyinj

■ I

i I

' i

, i

t'S< ■

mmw

M-^

W-- '' '

m^ ,' ■

^m*'''! ' ■ ■

Enlit'i ' '■^'' !

*iJ'

, 'V^M

fupplving foirign Markets with torci^n (ioinl?. TIk' Co-
lony i< well jKopla), lor then- i^ liii>}ioral to Ix' So.uou
liihaSitaius. la the Towns arnl Villa}j;is ■, ami ihfre arc gc-
ntrauy alxjut 4 or .;ou t.urpper.'is riluling tlirrr, reckon-
ing tnf CjfntltiiHii, Mcr«h.inls vSianicn, ami SoKlirrj.
Tlicii Rite IS lin;uk,ht hy Sra \H-m Garj<m anil Oti.\.t -,
thcii Wheat from ."»«'.!/ anii H,ii^,tl\ ami iliiir Fin woixl
troiu ihi? Iflar.iis of Diu, a low I'oint ot I Jmt ilut his mar
M.:td:..;pjUi» ; lo liut ai-. 1 luniy that is liipci.vir to thtm
in Xa-lorcrs may raliiy liilkcls thctn.

Mr. J/nk\.r, in Ins Amount ot thi"; Place, tells r.s,
that I..C A^'..iiniilbat;<in is vdleit in the Ciovtrnor ami
Loumil, \vh\h tonlills ot lix piave Meuhants in the
Cwii;'a:./.s Svcvite-, and tliou^li ihtU OiKuer* have Uit
r.iul Salaries, yit their l*ir»iuitiirs ami Advaiuag's they
ilirive tigm 1 raJt, arc lo coiiliileraljle as to enable them
to make a ^omi lij,urc whii'.- they live there, anJ cany
home, nitwuliiUm.!ing, very lari;e Kliates. He leems to
liilur wiih oilitr Writers as to th- l'r< parties ol the Soil
and L.i;!'.itc i and therct'or<- it hmv not ix- amils to attend
a littli to Ins Accovir.t. I'hc Inhabitants, lays he, rn'ioy
as peilui Ilea!'!-, as rhry do in ErgbnJ, which is plainly
liiliowievi in ili> ir ni.kly Complexions whuh lew ot our
oili. t Sailcmcnts lan Ixwil. I'lu Heaf. in Summer arc
iIk ^featill Incnnviiiicmy tiiey lalioiir utuier ; yet, 1 nc-
i\r h<arl ot a;.y lii l.titct trnin them. 1 he dduious
Ffuii'i that the C( iintry aU)iii.ds with, arc a great I lelp
in ti.is t.xtunuiy •, nor arc thry want:n(; to themliivrs in
cth^r Reffx-Cts, liat!)iii{;s aiv.l wet doi.eys being olienap-
1 'y'd witli Suecrls to the Relief of tlie panting. It I'eldom
iaits a'lXiv,- to'.;r or live I lotus in a Day, \»hrn the Sca-
Hret?.. cominm>n, t'le Town letms to Ix- luw born. The
(ioverr.or, du:i' g tlu hot Winds, retires to the Compa-
ny's new (ianlcn lor Retrelhment, which he has made a
vr.y d(l;'Iit!i;l I'iaec of a lurrcn one. Its toltly (iatcs,
ii.vily lJuwling-green5, fpacioiis Walks, Teal-pond, and
Cmientiis, pnlervid in leveiai l)ivillon«-, arc worthy to be
a<'.i5uied. l/nions ,ind (jiajx-s grow there j bit lo much
I'.iii.s is ncc; iVaiy to bring either to Maturity, that a Bunch
(jt one, or a fingic Fruit of the other, will lland its Owner
ii live Siiii ing\ before it is t\\)r.

T.'.c Ciovcrnor fckium gixs abroad with lefs than three
or 'ourleofc jx'ilbr.s armed, Ixrfules his tr.^lilh (\\yM\}s to
uttcr.ii him : I ie has two un:on Haps carrud Ixlorc him,
a;u.i Ctuiitry Muiitk, c:'t;iigh to (nghten a Stranger into
R."iitl I'r: Men were mad. 1 wo Dut-kallKsatttnd to co<i|
Iiim wiiii 1 ans, and li'ivc a^say t!ic llies that otherwilc
would moleil hitn. He is a Man ol yvit I'ower, re-
(()CCi-d .IS a I'rintcby the Rajahi o( the Country i ami s, in
cvciy R( ip'Ct, as gr-ar, lave t'i.«t tlul; are d r tlicmftlvcs,
this iias Mari'.r.s. When a IVMon ot Note dio, the Fu-
ller*! is lolemiiiicil with tne ^reaiell Magnifiar.cc. 1 he
Cjovcrrjor, Council, and (iciitlcmrn ot iiic I'own attend,
not arc the f-aii-Sx wanting in tlicir Duty to thtir dtccal-
ed Ci urtiym.n : 'I iie J-'.xccutnrs aie liUrai in all Kil(-.ct»
to expnCs a juii Co; cern for tiicir l-ricnd •, whence the Ce-
rtir.'i' y is |<fli>;m tl with a!' that is nfc-iiary tor the lii-
trrire. i ot aCiir.llian. 1 he Hurymg- I'laer is at the fi:r-
thcr F...U ot the Biack Town, a.lon.-u with many (lately
■foinl'S in Honou." of t!ic Defunct ; tome with lofty
Sfircs carve ! into difterent Fanci. s, after tlie IndiJii Man
ntr: Others, 1-. a io'*fr Sjjlure, gravely eXjiel's the Me-
rits ol the I'^rioii tor whole lak.- ihiy wcir- creitrd, and
all m g.mrai have tlic t»ufl curious Woikmanlhip in
Ir.J'd ivii'iwc;; on them,

M*.-tl of the Powder exi>cnded in the (iarrilon is made
on the IPajid, aljout a Gun fhot from the I own. It has
r.'A t!ie I one ol that vsliuh tomes tiom h.nglayj, Jor no
ft!ir U'aliin than not well iniorjxjratir.g tlic Iiigreilicnts.
T'.-, h»vc tie tired .Salt I'ctre, anil Mnmllone, with (»o<kI
Cii.iiual, which ought to make the iKtl I'owder j but lor
ssa-.t ot fl.iiiul Managers and giKnl Contrivances, thcfc
Fxiclkmccs are 01 no l.tVei't. And, in truth, the Com-
; any in oilier Cafes ot the hkc Nature, aie very much
wanting to thcnilelvcs. There is not an t..!(.:jh Car|x.n-
tT. Sii.iih, Joiner, or otiier Artiliier in the Cify, who
k-.'.vss hjit his J ra'le ; w hent c thry are obliged to black
Fiilawi tor what thiy have Otca(:ori lor m tliele Trades ,
nvr it there tv uiucii at one Shop «t any tott in the Luglijl)

I'ossn, the Iknetu i>l v.hiih all the Dutch .Sctileinontsllif.
liiiently demonlliaie i tor the) aic Ii) lenlilile (if it, that
thry take due Care lu vrr to Ix- deficient tliat way. Thii
IS a Thing ealily brought to palii by .1 B>Kiy lo i otilidi rable
in till Kingdom. 1 liiall i.ith r admin- it has Utn to lonu
neglci led, than ollVr at the Means lor > ll'edins> it. | Imv-
rver, I wilh, tor the I lonour ol the Enj^lifl.i K'.iimh, th,-y
would decline finding (iich ihmiiuitive, dwartilh, crotiked
Kcduits, as of late h.ive gone to liipply their SetiKnunts.
I'd fay no l)cttir can be had in Time ot War, is an l.va^
lion, my own I'xpirienee proves altogetlur light-, tor
lime it IS no matter what Countiy in h.ui.-ff tlu-y jre of
1( t but three Cai>iains In- tent to lnl.iii.L in Ids tiian three
Months they could railc a Regimrnt of pu knl Fillo\s.s
who woiiKI \x able to do them Service \ Ixfides, th,y
look like Men, whuh is enoup^h lor them ar l-ort St.
Ciiorgt. Objcx'ting thrir Kiiigion, looks like I'artialitv,
tor the Jcp.iji.i in liitiij m- ail ot the Cimc Prinni.lis;
our Od'icrs lill none but I'rotellants to li-rve in our
Ti.iois, whrrefjtc that Countty e, quite over-run wuli
hilly Mtn, who arc rta.ly to llarvc tor want ul Tm-
ploy.

Hut, fn prrreeil rf[',iilarly m our Hilhiry of the S<ttlc-
ments of tins Company. Along the Cratl of Camau.u!,
t.idP were formerly Icveral Plates along ii.r Coall to the
Northsvard, wlmh had liii^ofi.in latlories tVtrlcd in ihem
but arc mnv ntgleil;dand uidrec)ucntcd. Theic were al-
io lijme I'l.it^s laithcr u|i the Country, wlurr the l.nvHh
and Dtiiib futkd \ but the Kaiahs, who iKjiVdVcd th-.-aJ-
jarent Countries givin"; ;•,!( it Interruption to Trade, by
thiir un)ull and unrralonable Impoiiiiotr, ol:lii»-d thein
to withdraw thdr i-j>ii)iies. I h.it ot M.: ilu'.if.iiam was
the lall thry quitted, and, about thrceliorc Yean, .igo, was
crt'cmcd the molt tlourilliing I oh)i!y the Lng'ijb had u\
all India; but now thiir Houlc is ilelirted, and ths
Duiih, wht) remain, d behind them, an- prejiaring to t.ilsc
the lame Court., it is not a gre.it many Yeais a;;() Ixic
'.)c Mogul's \'in-roy, uj.H>n this Coall, oliVred tin- Uover-
tior ot lort 5/. G.frf.', to make him a Prelmt of the
Iliands ol Dim, and th'.- Inha''itants were wi'l inctiiitd
thctetoj but the Ciiivernor delayed taking I'lllellion to
long, that lx>th the Viceroy and r!ip Pi-ople cliai grd th.ir
Minds-, and when lu would have crct'lctl a FaCti.iy, or a
Fort there, thry would not |Krmit it.

Next to .\[.>:dulif,i!jin is iXur/ifcrt, wlirr<- tiie Eii^H/b
had a Failoiy ft r long Cloth, for the I'll- of t;,- ir I-'acioiy
of Manhnitp.itam, when they manuf.icturrd Chinis there.
It alio aftbrds gtx>d Teak- 1 imbrr tor Biii!.'iiig, and ha, a
tine deep River, Init a dargcrous Bar, which makes it lit-
tle Iretjiiei'.ted. And [ailing round C.aitai^o Point, ,1
liiile up C(»;r.i»ro Bay, is ,%i-r,;Mf, ih,:t has the B. Pii.t
of a large liccp Rivci, that jxnrtratcs i.xr up run the
Continti.t. It has a Bar, loft at the Bittern, and three
and an half l-'a:.'. ms on it at I ligh- Water. 1 Irrc the left
and lincll long O^'.'.x is made that lu.ha a.^br.ls, and is
liild cheap -, but the inl.iiil t luintri.-i lying near the Riv.r,
are in the Hands ot f. vrral Rajahij and each ix-iiij; Suve-
nign in hit «(wn Imall DonMiiions, lays fuch ImiHjIi-
tions and F.xactions on the CItith that comes down the Ri-
ver, that they lum that Ix-ncticial I'radeof .-^'/^ruv, and
make it little frequented. In ^Inno 170S, tlie kH^hjh
from l'iz.i(,ipnt,im l-.-jtlr.l tiiere i but win tlitr tl;-. Facioiy
ssasllarved tor wa-.t lil Money, ur whether the conllitu-
ent ,ind conlluuted Clml-, if tiic TaCtoric> dilagrced ulXiUt
dividing tfic Btai's Siiin, I know not v but the FaCloiy
was f(A)n withdrawn, and the Protect loth

Coalling along Shore, there are Irveral iittl,- Ports be-
twrtn Mii.ibuhpaliim and f'lzj^tipat.tm, Ixrli !(-s A'-cy/^/r.*
and Aii^aran, i)ui Ii ,;/'tte is the molt not' d, tor it pro-
duces Ricc tor Pxporration, l>elidcs tome Cloth, but 1: is
not tieiiueiiteil by luircpriiiis ; and therefore I proceed to
yutigapuiam, a lortiimf I-aClory l>elongiiig to the /.>/;,////'.
It IS regularly loun.'d with four little Bafhons ^^'•^'1 his
alxiut dght-.-en Ijuiu mounted in it. It has the Adva!ii.![',c
of a River, but a d.itigerous Bit to pids t^ver bitor; sve
get into It. 'The Cuuntiy al-oui all rds Cottou-Clodw
U»th toarlc and line, an<l the befl Duri.i,t>, llii,>.l Mul
lin-i in Jn,li.i ; but thr- Talory is i^tnctally he.utliik lor
want ul Money to nfrclh it,

I-i

Wii'ccii the Inhabitants of Great-Britain, £3;

-3.

919

Sctticmcntsruf-
>ril>!'' ol it, that
i'i.it way. This
y lo loiilivli raWe

li.is Utn 1(1 t()ni»
.^tiiij^it. Uow-
•Itfh Ndtinii, t'u-y
Iwarlilli, crooked
;li(ir Sciilinuius.
War, IS an I .va-
,rtinr lii;lit \ tor,
rape tliiy arc of,

in It ts (ii.iii tlirtc
f I'll kill Fillon?,
.•(• i Inlutts tluy
:!icm at lort ^t.
ks liki' I'.irti.ihty,

lame l'rinii[-,lisi

to Icrvc in our
itc overrun wnii

lor want ot lan«

ory of tlic S(tt!e-

all ot C\/flw;,;;,„V/,

; il.r Coall to the
ric5 fvtrlcil in ihcm,
I. 'riicic were at-

wherr tiio A;(g//,'6
111 polllllal ihr aj-
itii'ii to Trade, by
on-:, ol:iii^;-il thfui
i\}ulif,it(Wi was
ore Years .1^0, was
the Eni^lijh lia.l in

ili-littcd, ami tlia
•e ['reparinp to take
my Yeais a;v) lii.ic

oH'ereil the i.iovcr-
n a I'relriit of the

were Well inchiitil
akr's', I'dVelliiiM To
'eople cli.ii (idi ilv.ir
flal a i-aCtLiy, or a

, wltrr^ tiic Ek^^UjI}
I'Kortl.'ir Kacioiy
lirturril Cliinis there.
Biii'v'ing, 31-d lia. a
whuii iiiake> !t 1.:-
C»r» <!'>,» i» I'nint, a
th.!t has the B.i'ciiC
tcs far up i".t<» the
n.ttr:]i, and tlnef;
it;r. Here the Left
'>: .';.) ;!''urJs, ar.d IS
ly:-;; r.t.ir the Riv.r,
i.J eaeli Ix-iny Sovc-
iays luch liniioii-
lioiiics ilown the Hi-
Icof .'/"/<■'•«;■, and
170S, the kn^lijh
.vhethf r the Fai'tuty
hciltrr t'le eoiillitu-
irici dila'^rt'rd alxAit
t i l;i.l the !'»Cto!y
ill.

ral iitil/ I'ort-, bc-
I, Iwli !es Ajr/;/';r.-
iiotni, for It pro-
loir.e Cloth, but ir ;»
ercloic I 1 roceei! 10
Jli;i.i^ to tlie t.>\Jij!.'.
lie Balhons ami ha*
It hai the AdvantJgc
'..K over Lctur: we
|i rds Ciittoii-Cluilii
a , <„ Hii,'-1 N'l''-
[ciaily hcaji-liek lor

In .hi»o 1709, the K.ulory drew a War on thcmfelves
Iroin the Naliob of Ch'ukiuul\ for onv Mr. Simam Hal-
(oinh, wlio iiad been Chief at Vaza^apntam, had. bor-
row: d confuierable Sums of the Nalw)!), and affixed the
Company's Seals to tlic Bunds he give for th( ni. Mr.
//?/,^w^('yinj^, the Na'-oli demanded his Money from the
liH(erditi!4 Chief, who would nor pay him, alledijinij; tliat
lldiomh h.id borrowed it lor liis own priv.ite Ule, and not
I irtlii Company's, and th.it he mull f^it Payment out of
IblcnHli'i piivaie I''ftate, if there w.is en()U|j!i found to pay
tlie D.t>t, otherwifc he mip'it g, t his Mm.y from fome
inlainl Rajahs, who Hood indelned to lIoLcmh, by liis
B loks of Areounts, in a greater Sum tlian would p.iy his
Frineipal and Intereft ; and that he bring tlie Mogul's Ge-
n-ra', eoul i compel thofe Raiahs to pay their jult Debts,
wnicli they would makeover to him 1 but the Nabob, not
carin;; to enter into a War with his Countrymen on fuch a
I'ou'ulation, lent .\g( nts to aci]uaint the Governor and
Council ot i'ort St. 6','cr^c with his AlVairs i\t I'lZit^apa-
mm \ they proved deal to all the Agents Piopolitions
aiiil .Xigum.Mts, and liardly treated hini civilly ; fo he
went back to his Mailer witii the Account of his ba i .Suc-
cefs i upon which the N.iliob came to u Garden, abcait
hill . I League from yiz.i^,ip,i!iim, aecomp-anied v/ith 500
Horfe, and 5500 I-'oot, to demand his Money.

I, fays Capram Hdiiii!t-^<t, being .lecidentally there in a
finall Duld'bmh .Ship that I ha.i bought Irom the Freiuh
on my Credit at f'oit St. Ccor^e ; and the I'aftory being
but ill mann'd, Mr. Ihjhig^!, who was then Chief, and
my I'neiid, ilelired the Aflill.ince of my Arms and Coun-
cil 111 tliat Juncture of .'\lV.iiis, whish I very freely gave
him 1 and being afktil in Council what I thought about
the AJliir, I advifed lum and his Council to compound the
M.itter .is Wvllastliey could, and fpin out Time, that we
ni'^ht better fortify the .Vvenues to the Fa^lory. My Ad-
vice '4 Cijinpounding the Matter w.ts rejected, but the
oihci art was followed •, lb, with liven /uro/'uins that
Ixlor.gt.l to t!ie Kidory, and twelve that were with me,
and twenty Topat'es, an 1 two hundred Natives, moll ot
them Fiihers, that lived unirr the Company's I'roteclion,
we tortnied f ime Rocks tliat the F.nemy were obliged to
pals within PillolShot ot, if they iiad a Mind to attack

us.

We threw up Bread works between the Rocks, and
nvK)red my sShip within Fiftoi-Shot of the Sliore, and had
eiglit Minion-Gui'.s to liour the Sand-', if they had at-
r inpted to come that \N.iy ; and tor lix We^ks we conti-
nued on our Guard, anil were often alaimed in the Night,
Inn linding us always ready to receive them, they did not
the k ;t prajier to force an F^ntry into the Town. I had
tie Honour to command all the Out-guards, ar.d the
ciief wu!i eight tjiropeans., and twenty Bucks, kept the
Flit. J'lius we continued in perpe'tual Watching and
Alarms, till Rii:iforcements arrived from F'ort St. Ge.rgc,
.vv\ til 1 I hit thfiii, and priKVeded on a Voyag- to Pc^^u.
Until F.irtics Ixing Viiy buly, one llriving to get his Mo-
ney by Co.-njnillion, and the other to lave the Company's
Mo ty on ,niy Ternis, right or wrong. The War being
diiwn to a uieat'T l.eiigtl. than w.is imagined at lird, and
Charges rifing higher than w.is cx|vCled, inclined them to
nuke all up amicably, which was at lall ellet'led by the
Company's paying near the -Sum that was at lirli de-
manded.

I'll ■ Nal>oli, whole Name was T,iker!y Ci!un, would
hear <.t no Peace without the Company's Merchant, who
w.i', a (icntov,', called -{^'ipii, and a Subject of the Mogul
/who was very aOlive in the War, in encouraging the
'I'owii's-people to defend themf; Ives and the Company's
Int Tells, and wluj alio hatl wrote to foinc neighbouring
R.ijahs to embroil the Nalx)b's Alfairs in his ;\blenci, in
ordei to ilivert him trom purluing his Demanvis on /';.:.i;-
^(ipatam) ihould be d( iivcreil up to h.im, which at lall he
was, and was put to a very cruel D.-.ith. He was let in
the iiot liorching Sun three Days, with his 1 lands tallencvl
to a Stake over his Head, and one of his Legs tievl up
till his Met I to'.iched his Buttock, and in the Night put
inti, a Dungeon, with fome venomous Snakes to bear him
Cunipany ; and this was repe.ited till t!ie tliinl Night he
ended hii iiiiterabic Liie. Bu^ tlie Compajiy's Merchants,

for the future, will be careful how they cfpoufe the G.<m-
pany's Interell again, 'ihere w.is one litii'y, a Ruiuit
from F^Jrt St. George, on fotne liiiconteni dcferretl tlie
Company's Service, antl entered into the Nabob's •, but
falling into an Ambuili,was taken Pfilbner by ourMrn, and
was feiit to Fort AV. Giorgr, where, lor his Deicrrijn, he
was tielervcdiy whipped out of this World into the next,
anil there I leave him.

After the War was ended, and all was quiet, the Nabob
returned to Chickacut, but coul.l neithei forget nor 'orgive
his Treatment at ''ort Si, Gcorg' and (''iziigapalam ; hut
linding by Force he could not get the Faftory into iiis .nvn
Hands, without agieat Lajfs of Men and Money, lie had
Recouife to Stratagem, tor llirprifmg it : Ik ca.iie iiitrj the
Town one Day with one hundred Horle, and fome Foot,
without aiiviliiig of his coming, as wasufual, at the Town-
gate, and before the Chief could have Notice, he was got
into the Faftory, with twenty or thirty of his Attendants.
The Alarm being given a relblute bold young f ientleman, a
F'.ielor in the Company's Service, called Mr. R:\barJ
Harden, came running tlown Stairs with his F'uzce in his
Hand, and Bayonet fcrued on its Muz/.lI, and pre!, 1. ting
it to the Naboli's Breall, told him in theGc«;... Language
fwhicli he was Miller of; that if any ol his Atteiidaius
olTered the leall Incivility, his Lite fhould anfwer l<;r it.
The Nabob was furprilingly all>)i'.iilicd at the Reiblution
and Bravery of tiie young (jcntlen'an, and fat eo.en ta
conlkler a little, Mr. Ihr.len keeping the MiiZ/-cl of his
Piece tlill at his Bi -all, and one of the Nabob's Seiv::nrs
Handing ali tlie while behind Mr. ilar.Ln with a Da;T:-,ei's
Point dole to his Back ; lo they h.ul a Conference oi i.alf
an Hour liing in the aiiove-rncntiuned Polliirc, and then
the Nabob tiiougJit lit u> be |>one ag.iin, lull of Wonder
and .Admiration at li) daring a Courage.

The nixt King.lom to GoUondti, in which the Places wc
have been laft fp/.-ddng ol he, is that of Or/.v;; ; and prj-
ceiiling along its Co.iil, we tome to the Mouth of tlie Ri-
ver of Ral.'iijlrf, v.lKie there is a very dangeroib IJar,
fu.'liciently noted for the many Wiecks and Lolfeii i-.iadc
by it. Between Cuwuu.i and Bat'.-ylrc Rivers tiicie is
one continued fandy Bay, where prodigious Numbers of
Sea-Tortoilis refort, to l.iy their iiggs, and a veiy delici-
ous Filli, called the Pampiic, fome in Shells, and are fold
for Two pence a hund.red i two ot them are fullieient to
dine a moderate Man. The Town ot Hal ajlrc is liic
tour Miles from the Sea by Land, but by the River twenty.
'I'lie Country is truiitul to Admiration, proilucirg Rice,
Wheat, Giam, Doll, C.illavances, leveral forts ot Pr.a-,
Annif, (.unmin. Coriander, and Carraw.iy-Scids, I'o-
bacco. Butter, Oil, and B.e'.s-Wax. Their Manul.ielures
are ot Cotton in Sanis, Calles, Dimities, Muliuuf., Silk,
and Silk and Cotton Romals, (iurrahs, and Lungies ;
and of Iterl/a (a liirt of tough Cjrafsy tli-.y make Ging-
Iiani% Pinafco's, and llveral otlur Goods f^r Exportatioii.
The Lnglijh, I'rouh, and Diitib, have their reiptclive
F'actories here ; but at prefent are ot little Ccnlkleration ;
though, in former I'lmes, before the N.ivigition ol7.'.'(;','\^v
River was cultiv ated, they were tlie head I'.idcrics ot the
Ciu![ih ot B.ngal.

The Town of BcLyort' ilrives a pretty good Tr.;.'e to
the Miiidkcs. Thofe Idands have no Rice or ot'ier Giani
ot their own Produft -, f.) that BaHafcn fuppli/s t!.. m
with all Necellaries tluy want-, and in Return bring Cow-
ries and Cayer, for the Service of Ship[nng. Tiie Se.i-
Ihore ot liiilutforc being very low, and the Depths ot the
Water very gradual Irom the Sti.ind, make tlie Ships in
Biili'ajbri.' Road keep at a good Dillar.ee Irom the Stiore j
for in four or live Fathoms they ride three Leagues ofr'.
F'rom j'lpri! to O^fobir is the Se.ili.n for Sliipping to cume.
into the Bay of Boigitl ; Pilots lie ready at liaUiifvre to
c.irry tliem u[) the River Il:t^h'.\\ which is a linall Bianeii
ot the famous Gi:i:.^i:<. The Eunrum Companies beiene
menti(jned, keep theirs always in Pay •, but when none ot
their own Shipping is there, their Pilots have the Liberty
to fi'tve other Shiiis, which is no linall i\vlvantage to them.
The Sides of tiie River are over-giown witii Buthf,
which give Sheiter to many fierce and tioublefome Tygcrs,
which do much Mikliief. .\ good .Author lays, he knew
an Eii-'^.^niii'i that was in tiie Ship's-bcat laden with frelh

Water,

i i

;

/. \

5 !|1

d
If

! ffi

;^1

•MV

iHW

Water, lyiiiR in the River, waiting the lule to carry her
over the' Bar, and this Man had the t'uriolity to ftrp
nlhore, anii Ix'ing a littl>- Way troiu the Bo.it, had a Call
roeato hinililf, and had no Hxjiut put hiiulclf in a I'of-
turr, near the BuHu's, Init mit leaped a Tyger, and caught
both hi-i Butt;Kks in his Muutli, and was tor tarrying hiin
away i I'Ut one (^t thr Seamen in tlic Boat lirin^ the 'I'ragc-
dy, ttH-k up a Mii!k(t, and plared a Bullet in the Pyger's
1 lead, whih- the M.in was m iu'- Mouth hclpli N. The I'y-
<;rr inimedi.it<-ly let hiin fall, .md ikulked into the Bullies and
Th- wounded Man was earned on Iward his Ship, where the
Surf;i'»>n ir.ade a jietta't Cute ot the Wounds.

I'ip.'y he*; on tiie Bank^ <it' a River, fupixit'ed to be a
Branch of the Ganj^tf, .ilM)iit five l.Cii(;ues from that ot
BoHi^jort; lornvily it w.is a I'lace of Trade, and was
Ik) o'jrtd w;th tlr, t.>i;IiJJ.< and Duiib Faif^ories. The
Country pnx'.ucrs the lame ConimtKlitiei that lhiUiij<,r(
dr-es. At prcfent it is redviced to Bij^:;i5ary, by the l-.tc-
torirt removing to llugHy, and CiUiittla, the Mtrchar.ts
Ning all gone. It i^^ now inhabited by I ilhers, a arc al-
fo .Vw^,-.;r, and. Ki-'^tar, two nei;;hl»i.iinj; lllands on the
VVtl'-lkle the Muut;; of the (!,i>i^r<. 1 hiie llbnds .»1muhk1
alio in uire Swine, wli-.n tliey are fold very cheap. Ihere
arc II. ar thrl;- 1i1i:h:s i!a!'g'r ;v Snid-Uink*, that are l«tli
iniir.''ri;iK and l.<rt/, and m.dve tiie Navigation out and
iiMu i;uj^l\y R:vcr N)th troubklome and darr',(rou.s ; a:id
ari! alter v.e p.d- theft Maiul';, in ijomj; up ihc Kiver, the
C.'unml lor Saipping is on the Kalt-lid>', and Uveial
Craks run fioni the than:.rl a:norj» a p.rrat Numk-r of
Maiu'.", furnud by iliftcit nt I n.inixLs ot the (ijirgfs, two
of which XT:- more remarkable than the rill, riz. Ctxes
at^d i'j^.rr lilai^Js, where threat Stups arc ol<ligevl to an-
rhr.r, t:i t.«ke in I'att ol their Cargoes, Ix-cauH fevera!
I't.icr* in tl'.e Kivtr are too fii.'.llow lor foch Ships to pals
ov;.', V. !;::i their whole Cargoes are abt.ard.

There at • no Inhabitant-' < n thole lllands, tor they arc
fi prft^retl WMth Ivgepi, that thrrc a>u!d Ijc no S cunty
tor humane Cteaturts to dwell on them; nay, itistvtn
dar'^vious to lanil on them, or for Boats to anchor near
tHenii li-r :n th^ Night they have f.vam to H.uts at An-
eh'.r, and c.iiricd. Men o;;t ot tlunii yet anu>ng the i'a-
g.iti.', the Iflar.d S. ;^ar is aicminted holy, and gr.at Num-
bers <A 7-".?"' !J^ yearly thither in the Months of A'o-
•emtn an : D(cmbfr, to worlTiin anil wafh in Salt- water,
who iT.a:iy lit them fail S.icnticcs to the hungry Tygns.
The firll fate .Anchorirg-ilacc in the Rivir, is oli the
Mouth of a Hivtr .lUive Saj^ar, commonly known by the
Name of lio^ues J\:v.r, which had this .\p[>ellation f.(jm
f>me Banditti Pcf!i<_^un.<', who wtrc Followc-rs ol Sultan
Shjftb, when Fanir Jrmal, /!ur(nzcb\ Cien; ral, ilrovc the
tnfortiinatc Prince out ol hu I'ruvlncc ot B(»j;>i/. For
fhofe Portx^U(Zi having no Way lo fubfift after tr.eir Maf-
It's Flight to the Kingdom of .Iraxhan, Ix-took thcm-
(t!ves to I'lraiy among the Iflandi, at the Mouth ol
the Giirg,fs, and that Kiver having Communication with
all the Channels from Xan-c^am to the Wrilwatd from this
Kiver, they i.Tal to lally out and commit Ucprcdations on
thol'- that tradicd on the River Hugbh.

Alx)i;t five I/rag\ics farther ujxjii the Weil Hde of the
K:v. roi liugl:':, IS anotlier Brant h ot the Gangn, called
C.:k;?J j it is broader than that oi Ilu^bh, but much (hil-
luvser, and more inaimbered with Sand-banks. A little be-
low the Mouth of It i the Danes have a thatched i ioufc,
but tor what Reafons tiny kept a f loufe there we are in
tilt I)a:k. .Along the Kiver ot llitgHy, there are many
(mail \ ill.iges and Farms interfjxrled with thofc large
Flams, but the hrrt of any Note on the Rivcr-lide is Cul-
i:t.'U, a Mar'.it-town for Com, coarfe Ci-th, Butter and
():!, wuh other i*r<x)iKtions of the Country. Afxjvc it is
t'lc Du:cb Banks Hall, a Flare wlicre their Ships tide
when thf-y cannot get farther up for the too twilt Currents
cf th'- Hivt-r.

C::'.iulU has a lar^e deep River that run', to the Liaft-
ward, x-k! lo i^as 'Jmnf.ndati, and on thr WCO-iidc there
is a River that runs by (he Back of Humbly Ifland, which
Icadi »)j> to A'/»,.'»fw, lamous tor maiuilacturing Cotton-
cloth, and (ilk Noniaah, or Handkenhicfs-, buJJunJri
and I'Tf/inJi, or (jcr^al, and Cohorg, arc all on that Ri-
ver, uhich jrulucc iIk grcaull Qiuantitus of ihc bdl Su-

gars in lUngal. We arc now arrived at the grcateft .Sit-
tiement the Company have on this Cr all, • Imi. i> i-.r/
If'iL'tam, but having already given a lai^. Ac.ouit of
this Flatc, ai-d of liich others as arc ot any Note m it*
Neighlx)urlKMHl, we will proceed. The Kii,^, on, J Da.
ca is the lirll on the Fjllern-fidc of the dtin^,- ,^ ntxt to
that lies the Kingdom v\ .'haiiin, then the Kingdi ;,> of
yfia, which is next to that ot Ptgu ; on all whicli (.balls
we have fome, fiut very little Fratle ; and as to tjif lilamis
along tlie Coall, though well mough litiiateil tor Coni-
inerce, yet, as they arc uninhabited, they do not dtlerve
or retjuirc our Notice. *

Ilie next Flace on the Continent to the .Southward is
Mcrjft^ a Town l)elonging to the King (.1 ,s,.j;;j, rui,.,[,^j
on the Banks of the Rivcr of 1\tinicttin, lymj- v. .t,,,, .,
great Number of linall uninhaliiteil iliands. 1 iie I i.ir.
fxiur IS fate, and the Country produces Rice, 1 uiuxi ti,|-
Building, Tin, F.lephantsl'ecth, and AgaK-wooil. Inloin.ir
1 imo, a gcxxi Number of Lnglijh tree Meirhaiits were
fettleii at Mtijff, anil drove a goinl Trade, living undtr
a mil. I indulgent (loven.menti l)ut the oKl ti:ji-li,u:a
tbmiuny envying their Happiiuf, by an aibitraiy Lum-
maiiii, ordered them to leave tlv.ir InduHry, ar,d npair to
fcrl Si. Gccr^e, or to Itivc thai!, and thuat<r.eil the
King of Siaiii with a Sta-war, if he did not dihvir thole
Ltigltjh up, or torte them out of his Country, and m //•:-
no 1687, lent one Captain //if/ij'a«, ill a Iniall Shipcallnl
Courlany to Mnjit with that Mtlfage; he behaved hmililf
Very inlolently to the Govtriiment, and killeu lome Su-.m-
eff without anv jull Caule. One Night, when /,'■..',/. 7
was alliorc, ihr Siameje thinking to do themlelvis Jul'.no
on him, got a Conijuny together, ilcfigiiing to ln/.c or
kill the Aggrcflbri but II thkn havin?, Notice ot ilmr
Dtfign, made his Ffcapc on f.oaid hi;. Ship, ivA the .'>;-
aiii.fe niilf.. g him, tlio' very n.arrcwly, veiited their U.i;;!;
on all the L^i^l-Jh they could find ; tiie poor \.a :iis W-
ing only guaided by their Innocence, dui nof fo nu:c)i .1.5
arm thcmlclvcs to withlland t!ie Fury of t!ie mragtil Mi. I>,
fo that feventy-fix were niaflaered, and handy twerty tl-
cajHii on boarv! of the Ccunany -, fucii was the tr.iu,iial
Conlecjucncc o'f one Man's Inlidence.

Bctore that laul Time, the Engliflj were lo btioved, a:-,d
favoured at the Court of Siavi, that they had Flaus i,i'
'Friilf conferred iijion them, Ixith in civil ar.d nulii.iiy
Bra.ichcs of the Ciovernnient. Mr. Siiniuc! It biu was nuiie
Si.^vJ.'anMuir, or Culfom-nialKr at Mcrjee and I.ih.uc!':,
and. Ca|)ta.ii U'liiiami was Admiral t)t the King's N„\ v ;
but the troublefomc Company, and a gieat RtVuI .t,. ;i
that happened in the State of Siizm, inai;c fume lepair to
Furt Si. George, others to Hengal, and othen to .:',ivn.

SiiKc that Fime, Things are ijuite altered, and the .Af-
fairs ol tiie Con'ipany l)ciiig tlirougldy lettlid, all I !.i:.^'.i
an carried on with the utmoll Regularity, fo that thoUj^h
it has not bem lound netelVary to ilUblilh r.ew F.'.cuiio,
or to little Colonic, along the C'oalls, which wnuld u.lilli-
bly have alarmed other Nations, without coninl inii g
tr.uch to the Serviu-ol our own ; yet the Commerce ol itie
whole (lulph, from the Mouth ol tin: GiiHi^ei, to the ve-
ry F-xtremity ot the Feninli.la ot Afiiuua, is properly pro-
vided lor, by which Means the Comjwny reaps the I'rolit, or
at leall a rralonable Fart ot the Frotit ot the j rivate Iraci''
thither, without LH:ir.g put to any unnecilLry F.xjx-.cc
iVs to our Fatlorics on the inand of Siwuira, they are
now fo nuinerou', tf.at it is conceived we cnisiy the belt
Fart of the 'Fratlick whiih that nth liland altords. Our
J-ai"lofies thirein iirc /V/uiv, b.intul, i^iSiicun, Bevudei:,
M.irlbrc'Ugh I-ort, of whuh we have Ijxikiii laigely be-
ton, and Sillekir, i<\ whah wc have alio t.iken Notice.

It is true, that the Duiib, U ingMalUti ot the nrighl>oi;r-
ing liland ol 7''"'''> have found Means tioiii ilic.ice to ux
thent'tlves upon Fari ol this IP.aiid, and it is laid, the) arc
l^ifli-ls'dof ag'jid Mine, which tl-.t-y work, but to no ['.reat
Aitvai lage, a! lead to the Comj any. On this Ocuinn, I
taniiot help t.ikiiig Notice, that the Conduct t.l our l.^j!-
/<ti/«ij Company is totlie full ascomnicmiablem their not en-
deavouring to loliow tins Fotamplc, finci 1 am latis.'icd, that
Commene is a much mote valuable I'liing tL.iii .^ll^'.^ ol
(i<>i 1, cipieially in the Hands ol a Comii.iny. Be.auie
Uiu may Iccnt a i'aiadox, 1 ihiuk 1 iluit nvi )>'■>-

pill J

'' 'imi I

at ilic grcatift Sit-
< il'i • liiLl. IS l-irt
I '-ii^ Aciouit of
ot any Nutc in in

Chap. II. bct-jjccii the Inhabitants of Caat-BrJtain,

111- ,

e^'

(;ar

ic Kii

t, oiii Ji ixt-

hf 'uiw/f , ntxt to
:n tlu' Kiiij;ili ;iv of
on all which (.oalls
•iii'l as lutla- lllaiuls
I litiMlnt tor Com-
hiy i!o not itcltivr,

the Southwan', is
nj; <.f .V,,jw, litiiauU
tin, lying v,,t,iii 4
ir.aniis. 1 lie 1 lar-
:s Rice, TiiiUHi tiif
2,ak-wiM)il. Inloriiur
rrc Merchants were
Trailc, hvinp iim'.iT

the- (11 luji-li,u:u
y an ailntraiy Loin-
Jiiilry, ar.il npair to

and tlii(atM'.ci.l the
.lid not liilivir tholi;
IJotintiy, and in /;•:-

1 a Inull S!u|) calKd
; he behaved himlilt
ihI killed lunit i;,;w-
S'iglit, wlien H'l'iLu
'.o thfiiilclvis Jtilluo
Icfigning to Ki/V or
'inp, Notice ot iluir
us Ship, and the ^'.•-
y, Vented then K.ii:;c
itc jiour \ Xi nis Ix-

dui i^ot fo nuidi a.t
of the jnraf,td Mul',
ind hatiiiy twenty tl-
kIi was tiic traj^ical

were U) IkIovcJ, ai-.d
: they had I'laus of
m civil a:-.d n-.:lit.uy
mudU biU was nuv'.c
;irj(e and 'Lin.ictriii,
)t the King's Njvy ;

a j;r(at Kcvol .t.i ;i
inai.c fume iipair to
.1 Dthcn; to /dvn.
• altered, aiui the Af-
;y lettlui, all 1 liir.g*
arlty, To that tlum^h
ablilh l-.tw l-.'.Cti:nr^,

which wiiiihl n.tilli-
without contributing
tlie L'oinnirrcc ot die
It: (liixi^fs, to the ve-
uua, IS [ropcrly i>ro-
kny rfa^>^thc I'rolit, or
tot the I rivatcl'rauf
unnrciiluy Ivx^x-icc.
ot SuDutra, they arc

\1 wi- ci.i'.iy lilt belt
» hland altiirds. Our
Car.cmt, Bevudcii,
,c l(X)ken lait;ely bc-

c alto taken Notice,
illaiolllwarii^hliour-

.uu troiu llic.iee lu iiX
land It ;•. laid, the) an."

work, l>ut to ncpreat
OntiusOcUla'n, I

t uiuluCt (it our tt^ji-
criiablcm their not en-

MK. latnlatislkd, that
liiint; tl..iii Mm'-s ot
a Lomiuiny. Be.aiile
mk 1 lliaii iivi i.':l-
jund

jxnJ either my own or the Mtadu's lime, by entleavour-
iiig to explain it. 1 here is n rtainly nu Countiy m the
InJies winch alxiunds lu plentitully 111 Liokl as this lllanJ
ol Sumalraf it wc except Cljiiia and Japon, and that Me-
thod mull certainly be the bell, by which moll ol this
precious Metal can Ix.- obtained. Uut the cltablilhing by
lorce any Settlements in that Country, is not like to prove
the mod eQ'cctual Means, tor many Kealbns, lor, in the
Uril I'lace, the Natives will not work the Mines tor them-
lelves, and confidering it as an intolerable Slavery to work
them tor others, have an unconquerable Avcrlion lor luch
as would put them on liich i^ibours j fo that from the
Iiinc ihii Method is tried, there is an Hnd of all free
Conel'pondcnce with the People ot this Countiy.

in tlic next I'lace, the Mines arc far ttom yielding in
any Proportion to what is expitttd from tlieai, the Kea-
fon ol which is not hard to dilcern -, tor all the Nations on
that extcnlivc Idand, being employed in picking out of
the Sands and Channels ot the Rocks, fuch (Jold as is
foiced into them by the I'orrtnts, that pals through the
Mines, the Qiiantity of Metal obtained by the Indiiltry, of
lucli Multitudes all working tor tlieir own Benetit, mull
exceed, in a tranlcendant Degree, what is dug out ot a
linglc Mine, under the Dilcourageinents before-mention-
ed. Several Colonies therefore, in dillerent Parts ot tliis
llland, the gentle l.'lage of the Inhabitants, and the bring-
ing them to confume and efltem Luropean Commoilitics,
is the true, fate and certain Means ot atxiuinng peaceably,
and by their own Content, the CJoKi that is thus gatheieel ;
and thele three Itveral Advantages arife from proceeding
in this Way.

Pwil, the vail I Ia7.ard of maintaining an ablbkite Power
over a numerous Nation with a 1 landtul ot Men, is avoid-
ed. Seeoniily, an Inteicourle is ellabhlheil, by which not
only a vail Q^iantity ot Gold is returned to Europe \ but,
which is a thing ot no lels Cont'eiiiience, it is returneil not
fiy the 1 ,abour of Iiulnin Slaves, but lor Cioods and Ma-
nutadures belonging to, or wrought amongll ourlelvcs.
Thirdly, by this Means a great (Quantity ot Shipping is
employed 1 whereas the Polkliion of Gold or Silver-
Mines requires only a tew Ships, antl as it is acquired by
Tyranny abroad, to luch a Return ot this Wealth can only
ferve to promote Idlenels anil 1 aixiiry at home. Prom all
which Contidtiations, 1 conceive the Point I tirit laid
down to be tully ellabliihed, I'lZ. that the I'oliry of our
ttiji-Iniiia Com[uny, eljx-cially it (onlidered in a n.itional
Light, IS much preteiable to that ot the Dutih ; and 1
n.ake nu (juel'tiun, tliat ttie I'.xixTici-.ce ot future Times
Wiii auuncantly julLty tins Obiirvation. We had for-
merly Settlements on the Coalts ij'i Coibin-Cbiiia, and in
the Kmgdcjm ot Lujuni, which have Ueii IJnce svitli-
lirawni but wc h.ive llill an ocTaliunal Trailc there, and
elpeciaily 1:1 the Lillnientioned Kin;.;il<;m.

As t J our I'rade to thi: b aUwatU to China ami the Mci-
niiUis, 1 have luit iiuieli to lay ot it lieie Tiie former is
Ivj well known in every Rclpect, that tli.re- is no Need of
dwelling Ujion it i ami, as tor the latter, there is lo little
can be laid v.ith Ctrtainty, that I can Icaice jxrtuado niy-
lell to meddi ■ with it at all : However, for the lake of
Methot!, an ' lii.u 1 i.i.iy not hem to cor.clude tins Matter
abruptly, 1 Ihali inlt touch iiimn both. As to the U.'tiui
Trade, it has be;n !< iind, by I'^xih iience, that we nian.ij:e
It as well, or Ixiier. at d'tu^vi than we did tormeily at
/Imo'.cr, when we h.u\ a Factory in the llkmd ol Chi/itn.
'lolay the Triifl., itie Afliiiis of (ur Company were in lb
I'.cod a Condition ihiity Years ago, that we Lid tair tor
iiioi-.oji'jlici;.;,', tills Trailc ; Int the ingh Uutics !ai>i upon
leas and ottitr Lh.ii.j'f C'or.mKjd.tiis, defeated our Lu!u-
llry abroa,!, and. g.ivi Ivncuurageinent to the pernicious
Pr.tCtice ot SnuiL'1'..iiu!, wliich, 111 a veiy fhoit tune, put
our I'ladc in (■./'/«/» aiinoll on a ! .; vel with that ofotli: r
Nation. ■, but, p<r!ia|:-, by a ii^vit Man.igeinenr, an 1 a
I'.ue Reiviri! Ihewn I y the (joveminent tor the liircrcll of
the Cjiupany, 1 luii'.s may Ix- let rii'ht u'.Min.

.As to thv- M<i',i!/.i I la !e, i!ie t>f:J.' lay, th.U we e.'rry
on a conlidiiabk- Pan ot it uiv.ler /f v'.'.'Coleuis ■, but I mull
lontels, i believe ll.cie 11 no gO'.'d .-VMhoritV t«r tin*:,
ihi.U(.' I 1; is veiy hijthly piol abk that lomething ot tins
tort may be ('one under
N c :.i u (.■ , .

gucze Colours; >.r thi- ^'p^iv'.vdu c.'jrfr.irv 'to t!:tir Cii-
llom inall theirotlur Col'ini'sliaNe Inl open this 'i'rade t>
all Nations, the lin^l'Jh wnd Dulii' oily excepted, wliidi
txception by the(jiiV< mnient is (>f no great Confequence,
where it It the Iiiteuli ot their Su'-iirits, as well as ours, f'l
break through it. U'lr, with refped' tj Japan, which lie",
ilill farther to t!ie eal!, we havf , as 1 have already fhewn ar
large, loll all Correlpondi nee rlw re with, and v.'hateverCon".-
modities of that Country are brought into ciirr, wl- deilv.;
from our Trade with tiie Chin.j-' .i:A Dutch.

Thus, according to the ck-arell Lights that I have been
able to obtain, I h;:ve ptiffjriiied my promile, and given
the bell Account tli.it was in my Power, not only of the
Kile antl Progrel's, Li;f all') the ineknt State of our Com-
merce to the litiln:', v,li;(!:, I ho;)e, ajipcars to the Reader
robe in a iinicli more nouri.hing State than ever-, and that ic
may llill continue, or rather that it may yet improve
beyond v/har it has hitherto elone, it is abfolutely nccJliiry
that three I'ointsflioUKl bj univerl'ally well uniier'loodi the
lirll is, that this I'rade is highly beneficial to tlie Na-
tion ; the I'econd, that as 'i'liir!;',s now Hand, it cannot
be cfi'ecfually carrieel on oth 1 wile tl.an by fup[)()rting the
prel'ent Company ; undlall'.y, that theObjei^tions heretolore
made, and which are llill circulated among the common
People, are falk ami gronruikf, ; lb that if vvj fliould
grow carelels enougii to lol'e tins I'rade, it v/ill go nrar to
carry all other 'i'rade with it. Wc will luccmdiy de-
monllrate each ot tiiel'e I'oints, and lo conclude this
Scetion.

Pirtl, then, I am to Ihew that it is a Thing advanta-
geous to this Nation, that the Enjl- India Trade IJiould be
carricti on. If we conlider this generally, tiicre ib nothing
eaiier, nothing more certainly to be made out than tliis ;
tor have we not f'een that the IL-hrcKs, Tyrians, Egyp-
tians, Greeks, and Romans in ancient 1 imes ; and that the
l^iHctians, Gmoep, Pcrtii^iLze and Duuh, among the
Moderns, have all railcti themlelves to immcnfe Wealth,
and to a lurpriiing Degree of naval Power, by b.ir.g pof-
k-il'ed of this 'I'rade ? What Need th.'n of arguing to
[jcrlbade the People of this Country, that what has en-
riched all others, mud bebeneiicial fbr them, that what has
belloweil the Dominion of the Sea in Times pall and pre-
li.nt, is nccelVary to them, and that if in a Matter of tins
Nature, wc aic guided by P.xperience, ic is I'carce pollible
iliac we lliouki be niillaken. Hut, to dekrend to I'articu-
lars, the Eajl-lndia Trade, I Ipeak in reference to this
King loin, has all the Marks and Characlers of Advan-
tage that any 'I'r.ule can hav.-.

In the tirll Place, its N'avi;.;ation is very conllderabie ;
it maintains a vail Number ot Seamen, more indi'ed than
can be ealily computed : But to place this Point in a pro-
per Light, we nuitl, tirll of all, confider the Number of
Ships that are annually taken uj) by the E^ji- India Com-
pany ; we mult next call t) Mind the Number of Seamen
continually employed in the Indies, in tr.iding from Port
to Pott \ and lalliy, we limit relk'Cl (.:i the Shipping em-
ployed in exporting lusjl-lniia Cnwi.h to all the different
Parts of Europe, and then we fhall h.ive a competent No-
tion of the Value ot this I'raile in this ret"pec% provide<l
allb that we bear in Mind the great Improvement that luch
long N'oyagfs naturally make in thole who are employed in
tluni, an.i t!ie great Coiil.tjuences of this to a Countiy,
the l\jwer and W'eltaie ot whicli depend upen a maritin'.c
I'orce.

In the next Place, tlieiv is notiiii-.g more certain, than
that we derive a great Part ot oui Wi ilth from this Com-
merce, which brings in large Quaiuiiies of Ciold and other
intrinlick Riche- immediately from tlie Indus in its ordi-
nary t^'ourle. It is no lels evidint, that piivate M; n
make vatt I'ortuncs in the Indie!, wiii di, fooner, or later,
tliey bring home : And ali thcll- l'.llat( s are cenrequentiy
Accellions to tlie Wealth ot this Kw.gdom. We mult
a Id to this the Ballance tl.at accrues to the Nar:.)n from
the ex: -jmng ot Indian Commodities an.! Maniit.'.cU:r«rs,
whiih IS 111 milt lo valt a tiimg, that it would reijuire Vo-
lumes to explain it thoioufiily. ikit this is net my pie-
lent Biiliiu f. i all I ami at is to give a gene; a! Notion of
the Ailvantag-.s deiived to us from tliis Comnuice ■, and,

•<!;.

.\Ii)'ii\ «.'.■ .aihci under I'.r:u- in order tlii

viu. It IS Iblleienr th.it I put the Reac'.ei
11 B 11

T I

\JjrmJTonctu

mind, tlut there !■; fc.ircc a Brun< h o( Tr.iilc wliicli we at
I'tilfiir enjoy, Init is liimc way or oilitr atlVcleil by our Ini-
ji'rtatioi.i liom hdi.i, .inii wliuli, conkquciuly, mu)\ to
iar ilcpiiul u|H)n tlicm, I'luce, it wc had not thilc GooJ"«,
Uf loclil not cairy them on.

Another grt.it \Jv.ii.!ai;t this Commerce lKfti)Ws,i5 the
1 vi'ortatioii iilOui MariUtai'turi>., ti) wliii:h the h.i\i\ Indax
I iMiip.uiy ail- Uniml, liy th-.u Llartcr?, with wimh tlity
ri't luilj I'lmply, liut havr "^iuMtly cxcitdcil wliai was i\-
|vvt(ii t'loni ihtni ■, and, ijt l.ut Vi-ars i-l'iKCially, have
0)i.lia;uly inirulcJ thtir I'xivMfUioiK, |i> tli.it a great
|^lu <l thdii- valuat'k I'lVnts which they bung home are,
ll'uily aiiil jTojHtly l|Hralvin^;, th. I'loiluci; i.l ihi* I a-
N'lii ai'iMnJiillry ol oiir own IVoi'Ic. Hut, Ululcs ilns,
lluy brill}; hciiu- Kwral raw .nul uninaniit.ii.lurei! IuhkIs
Inch as Silk, and t."')tto;i, whitli arc wuunilu up hiT;-, aiul
v.ill Q^untiurs ot tluin rxportii! U) our l'lant.\ti>>n<., by
w!j;c!» wf obtain a [;;cat I'ait ol tliat pr(Hiii;u)U"i Uailantt
111 our lavour whicii aril^s Ironi tint I radc.

1 here i> yet anmlKr I'mntwhuh I mull infill upon,
which IS th-.' tiirnill)i:'(', us tor our ow;i Wear, wnii l.irp"
Qi^iantitics i.i c!icai> and !vaut;lul Stuf; , that ni!';ht uu-
blc us, It (lUt I'oor were p;cip<ily regulatrd. and I'ur Care
tak. :-. to exruc an univfilal Spir;t o! I:'.i!ulliy, to niaXc
and Und abr^av! vad Q^:ai.tiii.s of W(^'lkn d-HJiis : For
thoucJi it be i;ue, tiut our own Cor.icmption ot thole
(ii)o. > li o! yiat Coureciifni-c to luch as :i't iniploycd in
tlie iiiakinp, ol them, ya with tijxd to i!ic Nation, it is
ct noCt.: :.\',.:aKc at all •, for what wc pain o;'e by another,
i« no AtuilTion of Wealth to the I'uLhck, lor that mull
anil- Item w'ut wc ibaw Item other Naiiops, cither by
p.iy:ng tor t'le (ioihls and Ma,.i:lai:[utcs wl.ieh wx receive
iicm thrm ly wli.u b"- cxp.ort to tluni, or b(ir(;,i.g cvi-r
till Halianic in Nb-n-y ; i r, wiuch is lliil bate r, n inch a.s
wc can again !X|)oit, and foa.i.i the Ireiphtand I'rolit uix)n
thole Gixnis t.i th;- Biilauu- 1 y which iIty»cuiK. If
thilc arc not ticar ai.ii convii.cing I'ixxjSs ot the Btnclit rc-
1".: :i::g to us from [!,is 1 ladt , it ij fiinply im^x^iribJc that
wc fhould h.ive ar.y luf h i ar.d it our (), inioi.s an. cot to
br gui.ird by tlicir, it u i.ot caiy t-j l.-.y upon wliat thiy
IT.-.:. I be grounciid.

But {xrhij-i it iray Ix- eX|K(:l(ii that I llio-ild form
fume Comput.u,i'n ot the Prolits anfing from liie /-..'//-
Ina.d ■l'f.;dc, whuli, 1 mull cohlils, wnl k- a viry »iiifi-
tulttliir^, and wouKi ifquirr much n-.i re K'om than I
have to I; -'re ■, to whith 1 may ad't, t!ut this has btt-ii al-
ready done ly I'r. D.ne'-iiill an! ulhc:-., ma W'a) that will
ccnvirco .iry M i" wl.o !as l.-.ilute, Anct.tioi',aii.! Capaci
ty.ofthc 1 imIi It wii.it the y have dcliveied. Mowwcr,
tiut I may not lecm altogether littieient in wl-.at many ol
my Kia.icii may co: «."ivc the moll nutriul I'lina m tlui
!--qii:rv, I will vcntvre I" lay down a l-.c;, th> I'liiot ot
wh.ih 1 am ready to underi.ikc whenever lam projHiiy
eabcd ui>on !o to do, v. h;ih, I hoj f , will fairly liicm,
ar.i It li this i that the Nation ga.r.i Cik:. fir Ciiti. by ail
that the /.i,^-/««y/(i tomjany ex|v:rts: Aiu', in.ierd, it is
my privaii Op,:.iuii, i.hat lor every five I'ouiuS which
t(c /-..jy/iWi./ Com|any empkys in that I'rade, the Na-
tion gaii.s fix I'ouniis ; but h(;w t.ir ihi may Ix- hfiVnrd by
tl.c ktting i.p to many dilVcrrnt t.>ijl- Iniiia Companies i.-i
all I'aiti ol turcj'e, is a Co!'.f:.lcraiion ot another Na[\.ie,
a.i.i With which ilirrrli ic i fl-..id not meddle here.

The Jccond 1 hirg I promilcd was to ftiew tht ExjicJi-
er.ty ot fupjxjrting tl-.e iMiJlH.iia Con.pary, and ol leav-
ing that i'ridc in the Chaiini! it is now- in. In the full
I'laie, I mull prrmifr, thai I am abloiutely difiiucrdlcil
in tins Matnr, a;.. I to far lum having any Dinctiui or
Inltr\iCt.o;,s Iron., tl at I have i.ot the Icart CoiuirCiion with
t.tcC(>m|>any, ( r any ol its Diiectors ^ and am like wile io tar
t;om beiig a biiend to cxcli^five Cumpaiiies in gti,eral,
that 1 think this the only one that is, or tan U bi.iluial
to this K.ii'.r-.'.om, lor w:;ich I fliall very Irccly allien my
Kcalon-.. Ihetiill is, that the l"rad<: to the A ,^,y/ /»<.// j
I* ot loch a Naluic that it is <J the iitmolt Conlcqueiice to
the Nation to have, from time to tiinr, ilillinct Arcounts
ot iti .Siatc aiid Coiiilition, whu h louKi not Ik- Io well, or
at irall, n<Jt fo calily riceiveil, il it was not managed
bv a Coinjany ; As on the other hand, the iiuel-
la.Y liilltuCttun^ and Kii^ii'jiiuns, could not, with

t>i J/jftn ourfc Book I.

luch Facility, Ik any other Way conveyed. Whu
leems to llrrngthcn and inlorcr this Opinion, is the
ConduCl ol ail other Nations, who whenever ihry have
adventured to interfere in this Trade, have cirllantlv nut
it under the Manag. ment ot a Comp.iny ; anil to lay ih,.
Tiuth, whoever lliall co'.fuh r how Thinus are to he Im\,\.
butcd m the Imiia, and what a Coniuetion there n W.
tween the Commeri.- ot the fcvcral Lountrus inehidr,|
wiihu) tiie I'jitent ol the iwi/l~ Iwii.i Company's Lhaiter
will very ealily dilcern, th.it if the wholi; wire not im!
dcr the M.in.ui<:mcnt and Direction ot .i B<Hty of M-i,
converiant theiein i and not only Ciipablc .,| ^ivin.r ij,.
rections, but prupeily emiwwcrcd to lee thole l)iriAi,,tis
( inied into l-.xecut!oii i ii would be impoldlilc, that tins
C(;mmerce Ihould thuve, orevin, tiiat it ihnuM fublill.

On;- may in like Manner conceive, that il the HotJir.
fioii ot the Coionu-s .iiul |-(;rts in the In.iui were m the
Crowr\ and the Manancmrnt ot the i'i.u e only ui tic
ll.uuls vt the Company, it could not bit U- iiiu-iulril
with numlx-rleli Inn i vi nirncie.s, iis inlied fxiKri<p(f
flicwcd. in the Reign ol King f.Vvir/.-j ||. xshrn /,'«»,/,.,■,.
canie to the C rown, by ins iMairiai;e witli the Intant.i i.\
Pcilii<:,:J, and tJieieloie both tliat llland, anil tin- lilai.il
of ^'/. lif,',na, have been gnnttd id the Enjl-Jtidia Con;-
|)any, lor the lake ol pi.bluk CoiiVeiiieni y. W r ,: ,,y
hkew.lc cin'covir Irrm the Diliirders i;t tlic l:,tji!>:i:n
Comjuny's Affairs in ti.at ){'i,;n, and m t w k, , -., ,,|
King "J,:nii\ that it is v ly lii tnmental to this Conui ii, ,
•iiid til tin Benefits rcluiiiiij; troni ther.ce to the N.hkp
tiut the Company lh<.uld Ik immediately umiir tlie ViwJt
ol iIk- Crown, to as to )',.in,l in '•.\'U\\ fur al! J-'ncour.!' -
nui.t, and to have no other kifnifie in ca;c '•..:■,.
|>«>it o( ihf I'lercgativc, wiuvh in i;iu bo of d.;iii-(r. i.i
Cont( ijui II e.

I'he Milchicfs llowirg fri^m two l.r/l- fnJi.i On ivi-
r.iis lubliilin;; at one I i.ni-, wc have ki..)wn tr< i. 1 xoe-
rKi.iCi .mil lo gnat tiiey were, that lx>i)i Co.r.panies b:-
eame wry tin n hr.l;IK, that rothing but the I. nun of
thiir Intiulls, foiihl jxiliitiiy afford a projur k-m^.v.
Vet I think one may filiiy coniiuih, tliu inc ijy,i.>, tin
Trade op;n, which is what has been otter conienJi i tor.
Would be 4. S« heme b.g -Mill ih.l gicatir b coi.vir.k-i ui-,
btiaul'- It wi'uid Ik- at t.';e B ttoni a Mi.itiplli .riu,, ci
Comp.nus all acii::g uixin hj iiaic li.tciell' , wn.iniMii-
Icipiintly would Ik- |»erp'.tu.<ily i lallnng and it tirliiri;
With each other. Bi.t as 1 hngs Wjuul at preltr.t. iuA .is
all oiher Ccui^trus c-ny on this Tiade in tins W ay, thae
remains no other tor tr, ami we niuit eitii.r Uip[XMi the
hull l>t.:ui Company, oi nlulvc to give up mu Coiiumice
to the In i<i, tht re beihg no midiile Liuile fT us tn
llrer -, aiul i( was, w.thout Doubt, Irom a )i II .Siili u
tf.ii, that in the iwo iall Reigns, to n.ueh has Ix n Cu\\\:
by ParhaiiKi.t, in bavour ol this Company, and lo mai.y
i.tw Powers pi arteil them.

I am vef) leiiliMc, that rv; n thef;- I'l wrr';, an,! in-
deed, all the I'owus with whu h llic Coni| . ny aie intii.lb
ed, may Ix- liable to nuiiy, and hwru- ot tlicm juU OL'|iC-
ii lis i l.ut it :1k- i'owds ot till Board of 1 ui'.e were cii-
la:gtd, and its Junltliition proj^xily ii toicti!, all thole lii-
(uiivci lentics ujHin which theic Otjieclions arc grouiid.cd,
might U- eafily taken away s and b( fries, we veiy will
kiu.w, that the Couits ol I h.,iiieiy aid b.xch.cpi->r ce,
aid do ii.tiipoli, as will in l-avijiir ot I-orngneis, ts Na-
t.vcs, where vir the I'ower ol tiiC i..-jl InJta Cumpa:i;, ,
or any id its (.):ricers, i-, lu ixeiutcd, a. to con.n it .\c;i
ol mai.iti il Iii|uiltce.

But at the lame lime, that from all tiiefe com lining,
and, as I conceive, unai.lwcrabic Reaf.jn.s, I a.'ii |K-!l,..i.ied,
that tins Trade i, IkU i.iiiicd on by an iiu; r|KJia!cd Bo-
dy. I am very tar lioiii eontendii.g, that tlicy Ihoiilil acl
without tontroul, or that tiny llioulil not be in all nliKCt-i
lul)|eCt to whatever Rrgulations the l.igillatuu Ih.iil troiil
I ime to lime think lit to enaift, tor tendetmg the Com-
meric- they cany on more and moic lH.-nciiriai to ihis Na-
tion. If IS Irom a due Scute ol this, tliat I coulcl hciitily
Willi, l*io|x>lals might L)c nu'l': to the Bciaid ol 1 ra le,

lot

Book I.

CJiiip. II. ktivcetj the hibahitatits of Great-Britain, £jPr.

"•I

9-:>

convcyf,!. What
liis Opinion, is tin;

whrneviT iliry have
', have ciMiO.intlv put
; iny 1 anil tot lay tho
■liinc- arc ro be ihihi-
iniuaion tliere n Iv.
il (.inintrin indiulnl

tonipany's (.iiaior,

wlioli: w(rp not m,.
I ot ,1 Iknly of Mri,

iipabic ot j^ivimr 1),.
> Ice- tholi- DircVh-ms
r impoKibIc, that this
!iat It llir.ulil lulililt.
«•. III." it tin: Holiif.
Iir In.Un were m ilv
If I't.uc only in tin-
not In t Ik- iiitfnitfit
IS iptlciil l:X|Kri(ru-
rhs II. whrn liomb-v,
c with tlip Infam.i <^t
lllani!, ai!i! tin- jiljiul
ilic Ei'.jilntiia Com-

iVlllll-my. Up |,:,y

TS ot the hnfi-haia
antl 10 t ic K.i; -. ,,|
tjl to this LotTin m ■,
iuMi- to (tie Nit;, r>,
atiiy U'uitr t.ic 1'. ,wr
t'lt lur al! J-'rroiir.tiri .
iilc in fsic t-i Ci'i,.
>m K y.il I 'own ■, tor
if \ fctariuu;, anvi i n
I Koplc ill tl,( ,•-■.,:•-
i;in Ijif ot il.;;i^ir>LS

l.rillndi.i C'cn [li-
re lii..j«n tri :ii Ixpc-
t txjth Coiupanits be-
ng hut thr I nun of
A a i lujxr K' nv ..y.

1 t!iu till- by.i ;.• ti.is
I i;ltir contriul! 1 tiT,
cata II coi.vrr.ki iu>,

I a Muiti|.l!< til,:, ot
liucrcll', VN,... ;i (,.11-

Ihii:^ aiui r iiri-iirt;
111 at prrlmt. ai..! as
I- 111 tins W ay, thtro
lai litli, r iupp^it tho
vc up iiir Coiunuuc
:lf Lcurlc t' r ic t'l
from a u II ."■•ii !■ 1 1
n.ui II I, as Ih II lionc
ir.j a:.y, and to maiy

iciV I'owfrs, and in-
C onii .iiy are ir.iii.lK

;■ ot tlicili jull OL'iti-

ni ot 1 lai'.e wtrc cii-

II li'itti', all tli. Ic In-
fi'tKiiiS an- jj;ioiiiu;til,

M ll'.t', WO VI! V W.ll

I ai il I'.xfh, ini; r cii ,
ot i-orii^ncis, IS Na-
hji India Company,
I, a. to toir.n.it Acij

I all thi-fe coiu i,r!iM(^,

iloii.s, I a:n [K'!l...i>ii'il,

ail iiinr|>oi.iti.il Bo-

tt.at tiity (lioiilil acl

i IK.I bt 111 all ri tJHrCli

l.ij'.illati.K lli.iil trolil

r t(iu!t.ti(;|^ ilif Coiu-

iKnciirial f!) I his Na-

, that I (oiilil iiiaitily

the Uuatd ot 1 la Ir,

lur

for opcnini^ a dirrrt nnil immcili.itc Corrcfponilcncc, ci-
t'nr I'y ihi (.,»/>(• I'f doihl hf'f, or liy the Streights cf Ma-
jial.in, with thi Soiit!icrni.onrinrnt i and in cafe any I'ro-
|(it of that torf lliould W laid l)cforc thrin, that was
tl,imj.',ht prai^tiiMlilt, I iliould tihcin it hif^hly rcafonahic,
that upon their Kt.'romninidafiop, the Enft- India Compa-
ny Ihould W oNif^rd to m.iki' fiah an Attempt, or if tlity
rrtiiK'vi, ibt any privatf l\ rliins mij^ht be allowfti to tin-
(li'fakr it, ami liavr pro|ici AtUiranfcs and Kncmi;a;;e-
nii'iM^ I'.ivi'H them hy th. I'liWuk. for it i>, and will Vk
iViT my Srntiiii-nt, lliat tins ami all othrr Companies,
are l.iit lit mary ( oi'poraiitins en. lowed with I'owrr^ in
'Iriitl for thr I'liMick, fir whiih they are, and mull H:
aiiDiintatili' t» ih,' I'uhluk, and allii he l\ih|irt to liirh Al-
t r.,t!ons, I'MtnlioiK, ami Kilinrfions, as may render
th' m moll trrviiral'lc ti> the I'uhlick.

I ilu' rather infill upon (help f'oints .it fliii Time, hf-
i.uil •, Without liitiu' AcielVi>sn (it new I'l.idc, which we
may pollil'i as a Naiiuii txehilivr ot .All orlirrs, I do n(rt
|. !• how It is pollilile wr (Tiouid miinr.iia o.ir maritimi-
I'owtT at its putint Hcifjit. As on ti\e other Hand, I
(111 t'>e no rialiio wiiniATf, whv, it .my Thinij; cm he
t'one tor the .'•'ivv.fe ot the N.iinn, in this Iv Iprct, hy
( ;; \\\<:\\ a I radi- r oi y.''/)t'«, hy dilcovfrin;', any Cou-itries to the Nonh
( I that I'.nipire, or hy any orhi r Method whatever, it
111 ulil he Kit uiilone out of KcfprCt to tlie I'owcrs ('r
l'.iviLilt;tu piilii'llcii hy a'ly Cuipoi.uion.

I tome miw to ilu 1 lil i'miit tliat I hw'-; undertaken lo
(li.ir, ami t'lat is the popul.ir Olijtvlions \%hicli have hccn
1 ul -il a;',ainll the (. oiiinune to the huUcu of wlmh there
aie many, and luiiv ot them ti) plaulihle, t'i.!t Men ol
j;rtat I'aiH, and ^.'.dikI Iniii.tiwis, liavc hcL-n k-d aw.iy hy
luni. The full ol ilu I"- IS ji,ri,undiit upon t!i • I'.xporta-
ik'ii ol Ifillioi), and whit h, if I rontrlve it rii-lit, is thus
II .lid. Mii; tomiuoM Mi, dure ot all Tilings in a com-
iii'iiial Way, is .SiUrr, and eonleijiiiiuly the j^reat Mark
1 t a Nation's \\ i .ilth, is hi r diawmp; this commo;i Mea-
liin tioiii other N.itioisj hut the l:.jt- hiJut Trade is ear-
ned on hy eX|Hirtini; tins rial and mtiinlicls Wealth, whiili
mvir ritiirn.s, I ut is eniploytd to hrinj; lui k 'Tl'.ini^s th.it
.lie not lieu llary, liitiii.ei liiiliuiiK iit.s ot Luxury.

Uct.iie 1 piiM.d to the diiiel .'^ohuicn ot tliis DifHtul-
ty, I i;.'jflohl rve, that it we p.ive this (Vjixtion its toll
\\\:«'iu, it Will deilroy al! Comnuree. 'The Nceeflaiiis
ot laie are in tvery I mmtry, or at Iralf in every hahitahle
I. ouiitry, and it is to what lomc i'eople cail l^uxury, that
a. I 1 la.le wliati Vi I isowiii|;i to th.it il we admit tins I'riii-
ii| li, \vc till. old no' Oiily I'li ik Sai;i- inllcid of Civeeiii,.'!,
hill mik;^^ iile ol I Ki'u y nilUad ot .Sugar. In lli.it, we
111 i;I i endi.ivoiir to mluvaie and ini| roVe the I':o,;uie of
our own (ountiy, live upiii ir, .I'.d leave all the ntl ot
the Woikl to Ihitt lor ittelf. J low jiifl a Maxim tiiis
w.iuld he, for I'eople who mh.ibit an lilaiul, and how rra-
l>in.;hle it is, lor I'ulks who derive iiiotf of the Blelllngs
r.cy tiiioy liom Tiadc, and mannme I'ower, to t.ilk dius.I
1 .i\i till Uiadir to ju.ljv. ll'it itmiie we lit this Oiijeeiion
1,1 II alide as inalKiw that Tiadeisa tomnundahle Thing
1. 1 t!u very Kialniulw OlijeCtion alliens, v;2. that it makes
the Lountiy 111 whith It llourillies, Hah ; the 'Trad.e to tlie
/■.,v/-/«'/'cJ Lioiues as dclVni.aWe as any other: For, if
t\|>ortiiig ot Hullioii dots not impoverifli tlie N.ition, tlicii
iiv/c IS no hone ,ii all in the Oiijeetion i and that it dues
iH't ill this I. il.', I am Vviy will ahV' to prove. Wiien
liie lirll *.. Iiaitir was p,ranted to the h.jl-hhiia Company,
this hvil w.i> Ivitttedi, and piojKily [guarded aL^ainlf by ,i
t'roviii), that the Company Iliould U- obliged tu bring in
as laige a ^.^iianiiiy ot lUiilioii as they earned out, in the
Ii.tiival iwtWKii till \'i>y,ij>es made, at the Rili|ue of the
Company. In lealiiy theietore, there never was any T'oun-
li.ii.oii toi tlib Cniiipl.iiiii, that the Ciii.mtity of Silver m
tins Kiiif;iioni w.u diminillied l>y the t.ajl-huiui 'Trade.
Hut by Dejtrcrs, .ukI a.s this Coinnierce has increalcd, in-
(It ad ol impoveulliin^, it lias';uatly eiunaled the Wealth
ot ihis .N.iiion, liy hiinp.inp, m on one H md large CHiaiiti
lies ot Silvir tot the //;„'(.(« Mt ii li,indi/,e expoitid, and
iiiiaiiiing iieii on tlu' otliti as ^;Kat Sums ot Nioiuy, that
i«..lt uLtiiwilc li.ivi, bun sxportid lor lureigii Manutai;-

turcs, whicli would have been worn In re, if wc had not
been better and cheaper fuppl/'d from Iiidid.

Another Ohjedfion is, or at leall was that th.' wearing of
India I'ieee-gooils hurt our own woollen and lilk Mantitac-
tures ; but this in a great Meafure has hem cured by the
I aws palTuI for that l\irpole. It may not he amifs, how-
ever, to obferve, that tliofe Manufactures arc cliii-lly ro
lu; encouraged, which contribute to T'.vpoi ration, fiiaeitis
certain, that the cheaper People can he do.ithed here, Lt
that cloathing tome from where it will, the che. per they
frtn ati'ord to work j and it is the Cheapnels ot Labour,
that is the great Point to be ftudied in a Nation ; tor if
we can Under-work other Nations, wc Hull mtaliibly
undermine their 'Trade, and extend our own •, for, w.-, I
ohltrveil Ixffore, prirate I'eople may be enriched by home
C c/ntiimption, yet the Publick gets nothing tiierely, and
this Conlideration is Ititficient to enable the inteilirr.eru
Header, to difcern how a Clamour may be raifed in L'a-
vi.ur ot Trades, no Way advantageous to the Pubhrk,
and againit inch 'Trailes as arc highly benelkial t(j the
I'eople, iiiul this from onlounding the Int'-rdl ot private
Men, or of great Itodiis ol Men, with the Intereil or the
Poliliik, which it nqin.'-es great .Skill, Indullry, andl',l"-
inrcKll'.ilnels to tlite'iitaiigle, and lit in its prop.i r L.if'Jit,
There is hi lides, a great IJiliidvantage in arguing oi, To-
pickstjf this Nature, becaule, while a Man is r.'.illy pkad-
ii.;!; lor the Publick, lie is ir.alirioully mifi' prel-i,tcd as an
.Xvivoc.ite lor the piivate Iiifrrell ot that Uo.ly of Men
w'lole' CauJe he el'poufe?, tiio* in 'Truth l.e ilocs hoc
(1; oiilc their Caule lAit ot reg.ird to their \ rivate (;r ;).!rti-
cuiar Luerclf, hut merely t,-uin a ConvicMoii of Mind, t!: ;t
t.iLir Laufe is in this rel|)eet tlie Caule of the Publick.

A third Objection is, that even tl.e T'xpcntatioii oi /;.'-
^/iJ« Goods i.s diladvant.igcous to tl;j N.ition, b, r.-,nfc it
lelfens, or at half is llipiiofd to ieiiiM the Confumpt/.m
of our own Manul.iCtUies, in tii,;le C'.juntri'.a to whicii tiie
I'rodiiec of /;./.'(( is exported: A very llrong O'oieefioii
this, ill all Appearance, and yet at the Bottom a nicer Falla-
cy, and not at all groun>!ed on 'Tiuth. Tor this Objec-
tion fuppofes what is manilVllly falle, "jiz. that it depends
upon our Lxportation, wlutlier the Ir.habitar.ts of thofo
Cuimtiiesto which we I'end ti.eni, fluill wear tlie M.inu-
facuires of the Indies, or not ; hut .i., it is notorious, ti'at
if wi did not I'upply tliem, they would receive them from
the Dutch, or Irnuh, which would have the fame L.HcCt
as to the fc'.xclulion ot our MaiuifaClures -, the true St.iie
ot the (jiieliion comes at length to this, whether we iliall
take till ;r Money, or their (.idoi's for InJuai Comiiiodi-
ties, or whetlur we Hull liibiuit to let them lay cut iliar,
Ol pait with thole tor l:idi,':i Lomiiioi.!itie.i, which wc
mij'Jit I'upply, to other Peojilr?

T!ie 'Truth ot all this, as it will appear to every candid
and ingenious Reader, tiom the Rt.ilbi's and Arguments
already advanced, li), at this Jum^hlre, it mull be evi.icnt
to every Man who has but common Scute, fiom the i^igiit
t.t Kxperimce-, fur do we not lie, that t!ic Rujlui!::,
Sivfdfs, Dr.iu:', and other Nations, :ue b'eiit upon el!a-
l '.idling a diiict Correfpond.eni',- with ItdiLi, in order to ob-
tain gieatcr (^lantities of the (ioods ot tliat Country •,
and eloes not this manifcllly prove, that the Appa;tc> ol
thefe People tor thofe 'Things were fo llrorg, that it was
no Way in our Power to clieik, or correct tlum?

The Tiuth of the Matter is, that the I'oie Obiciftioii
againll tills Commerce, that h.is any V.irci, lies in tlus
liillj'le Propolifion, liuil it is ,7ga:>:Jt thi Inierfji of :i-c
UYjhrn Part of ily Wodd, to correfpond Kiib ihc'i'.:}.
The Heafons whuh are brought to pr.ivc liiis, arc in.ieLd
very plaulible. It l^ laid, that the Ballaiiee ct 'Trade is
againll us, that we import the Commoditas and Maiui-
t.ictures ot the Indies, and export Sii\u to pay lor them.
'That this drains Eitrcpf to lueli a Degnc, as tliat fincc
the Dikovery of the Tall"j<,e by the Ct:fe cf GocJ-hcpi; it
is demonllrabie, that the Inauns have gamed from the
Etiropidtts upwarils ot two hundrcel Millions iti Silver,
wliiili immcafe Wealth tluy polVels, while all that we le-
eeivtd for it, is long ago loll and conluinrd. It is con-
telied, even by the waimell Wnuis in Lavoiir ot the !n-
dian Trade (tho" I tieely t;wii I am of a eiilVeient C)| i-
luoii; that this fuHicicntly ptovts, that it would be tor the

Bcnclit

f m

i-^k

Hi.

\ H

k »

' M*

9-4

Bcnifit of the wflUin lUn <ii tlio \Vr,i!J, ii iliry luvl no
C'DniiiKuc .tc .ill *iil> |lie iMit 1 4h>l iii.»t 11 rtuiii.l Ik- an
Aiivant.»j;e to lurcft in giiiciil, it ilw. Ci.nu.tciu- co tiic
India wtrr totslly tlx>lil)H»l.

AJmiini g tins to In- iiik, nlut is ii to d^^? Wc arc
not vit tin l.-gnat'Ts (it iMtp* . wf tannot bul the
/)/,/(](• (.lillolvf thiir Coinp.my, .uk! recall tliin SubjcCh
In 1!1 the Jmiio ; *c tjiinot loiM the ir(iiii> to trade
tiiithiTi a!Kl It (lur Min;llrr» at StoiH't.'m, »nil Cof>(nbj-
gtn, Ihiiila piiiuilc thill Clin ts n<>t to Icml any more
Ship to China, it iJ not at all i)rol>al>lc, that tiny would
take our AuViif. Wc n)Ul\ U' content thtn, to t.ilt; the
World a^ It Iks Ixfort u*, and (incc iIk Hunu)ur o» trad-
ha, to /«.;/J cannot l>e exunguillird, wc, as a trading Na-
tion, nn.ll uuitavoiir io to manage that Humour, and
our (.oinnune, as that l»th may ti;rn to our Advantage.

We iiv.ill contnvf to maintain and rii()|>ort the Aciiuifi-
tions nuile by our Company in tliat I'art ot the World ;
\sc muil ir^.ii:t them to t.ikc otV ai great a Qiiantity ot
our Minutjciiiti-* as is [vjAililr \ we muft rntouragc to
the uinu.ll tin- KxiHirt.itiun ot Inch Giwdi and Manulac-
turcs .1* the Company hrirgs hi>me, and which is of the
crratill Loi.lVquiiue to thw Nation \ we mull, at all
r.Vir.ts, and !y whatever Mians it can be done, prevent
the l(r.i;pgl ng "I />i.//<»«Con)niiKlities into thclc Kini^domsi
for li-ih as proniotc ihat I'raitii-c, -re the moll notorious

>OOa j,

Kiirniiis of th.cir Countiy, anJ canni.t y^i a r.nj;lt' Slui
ling, witi.out r<iU)i'>^', tilt; N.ition ot live,

I'hus I have ri.ini ly linillud wiut I piofXjlai wiiii t- -
Ijicct to our Commerce, with this I'art ol tlic Wurl.l. 1
li.ivc fliewn, tliat it u the grc.u SViucl whidi niovti all
ihi- red i that wc have no rcaloii tob'j dilV.uistiid .u Icciii '
It mana{;cd by an txclulivt Company ■, tlut by Digra"
and by a Vaiitty of Accidents this Cuniiui'iy is now
placed on iIk lx-ll Uafis tlut can be lur the fs-uion i tint
thne IS no doubt, il.i ir I'rade is ixirinuly be.itiicul i
that the Objections againll it, arc vcy lar Iroin ii.ini; wdl
founded, .md that at tins Juncture, it import Us n. ore
than cvir to Ik well intormed, and cleaily convinced as to
thcli: I hins,^, lu'caufe there never was a Conjunciure wiini
the thorough underlfandiiij; ol tiicin was v\ lo great Con-
lequence to the rubliek. It in the managing lu rxttn-
live, fo intricate, and in fonic Caics, lo ii.vulii.,us u .Sub-
ici'f, I (lull Ik thought to have pcrtDimcd well, it is the
Height ot my Ambition i but il I have f.ulid tlicrcin, it
will be tlill my Comtort, that it was n.y I .luic.vuur. 1
niiglit with much greater eall to mylell l.avc coiitr.u'hd
tills Stittion into a narrower Compah, but I liavc liiKerrly
ftuJicd the Benefit ot tiie kradcr, and how to rtiuiir ti,L-
Time he Ixllows in the Petulal of this Woik iKiuficul i,i
himl'clt, by inlpiring him with luiii ScntiiiKiits ai> iiuy
render him uictul to his Country.

SECTION XXXIV.

AfuccinFl Hiftory of the Rifc^ Progrcfsy and EJiablip.^rncnt of the Dutch F,aft-Iiuli;i Ccm-
piirn\ -iiith a f^iew of the immenje Profits ariftng from that Commerce^ and a Projpcc}
of their y'ljfairsy and the Manner in which they arc conduElcdy as ii'ell at }lovh\ as in
thiir cxictfive Settlements Abroad.

iir • \^ '

IK -t

Collcftcd cliicfly from their own Writci^.

. .,-//; intrsJuSicry ^a count 'f th<- Situation cfyljfairi in HollaiiJ, at the Time tL\ir Cciiimcrcc to the E,.ll-
Judits •u.ii /iV// unJfitiikin. z. HoutiiUH'i Imprijlninenl in Portugal, prrees the Mcijns of their Ictirn-
intu th, true R ut to t'r I-..ilV Indies. ^. 'lie ftr/i i'cwzfs ttiaJf under the Diieflion of Umitm.in, ut fl:<'
Cl'fe 5/ the i'!M rent h Centi.'w .}.. A mio Ccnipiiny ;/ Merehanti eni^iii^e in tiii Tr,iJe 'uith i^rejt Sueeefi.
^, The Statc<-(iener.il ^mJ l''in,e M.uiricc inlerfxje in Order to put this Conif»iinv on tt proper E/lahlijl.
men!. 6. The Dutch V.m\-]\uVu Company J'crmed, and Letters Patent (/<//c'./ .Slarrh the zctn if)o?, for
tnenty-'jie fears. ~. A g'eat Siru^^le het'.teen /> e Diitelt .tnd Spaniard-^ <ihct,t the Moluccas, /// -.il'iJj
the Joiner at I,:'} prreailed. S. An Account of th: furprizing S.UiCefs of the Diitdi ('ompany, a>ul of tie
prodiji^ious DiziJ<nd< made iy tlem to their l'rcpriet:rs in a f\\i' i'ean. <). Tie Rife of the Ompanv'i
gieal pywer in the Indies, and the Caufes thereoj truly ajjigned. lo. Their Charter rene'xed and enlar^^-
td, 'j.:th the O.nkquencei ai : ting t rem thence. \i. 'Ihe I'rogreJ's of //j,ir Trade /'« //r Indies, and other
renjarkal^U Occurrences. \ 2 The Hi/lory of this Company continued till the Expiration of their fecond Charter.
IV An Account of their A^airs to the Tear i66c. 14. 'J he Continuation of this Hifiors to the Cl'fe '/
the !a,!C<".tuiy. i ;. A cncife Deduction of this Ili/hry to the prefent Times. 16. A jhort Account ' f
their pr,f,nt Setflemcrfs in the luiiicj. 17. A curious and particular Relation of the Manner in uhiih
f\y manage their Aj/airs. iR. Of their Councils and (jo'cerment in the Indie. ly. The Otconcmv of
tltir Fleet', S'juadrons, a':d /:ng'c Slips, uith other J'artliu/ars relating to their naval Concerns, zo. A
/';<«• cj tliir M,:iuigtinciit 0/ Orphans EJfecis, and of the Care taken hy them of tl:ei>- Poor. 21. Of the
Ma'UK-:ncnt of tie C/iV.pany'i Ajjain in Hi)llanii, '■j.itb a Table of their Dreidcnds, from 1610 !^ 1717.

H' !< ] coiil'l r":t rrrfai-ily hr any roblrr
>u;ii'tt I 'jfrn l>y an Author inclined at once
— to tnt.rtain and ir.ftmiit his Ueat'cr-, tlian an
l-nr;u.ry V.v. far the Spint of Libcriy .in.t 'I la.le may he
a'!- to aH'anre a Hfo| le, nMwuhilan,ii:<(^ any DisT:-
eritis tnry n-.sy lai-iur nn'Jtr f'oni fhe Situation fif their
(■ t."y, th.- F-.v;r;v (.( irs ."vji), a ui the Ojjj^.litK.ii of
tieir Nc -' b-.ur^ Mitn a Phn as thi , iT.if,'ht tnabi-- a .Man
<'f \^>.'.i\ I'n.itr^an :!ng. ciiiirl; Wit, an I lompctcrt Learn-
r •, ••> lri;i'>- a jxilniial .Sylhni as clilui, aiul at the fame
'In, n'> ifis pleafant and a('rrcahl-, f!.»n flje tariious
l'«x ii» ol Ihmi-r, winch I. .' r Ji:'h-no breii rCcrtned in-
I'l 1' » ' , J • ! wh 1 .1 ire alKiwi (1 lo 1 urtain th ■■ Pnnr iplev of
iUn'A ..I! Si:.i;t,», t'v.uuii d'.livc.-ed under tiic I'lrjciuus

\'nl of Iiiiions. But if the'Conipi'fition of fur li a '-V..::.
br a 'I'ltfk (b hard as Icaire ro l>e exjrCtrd, an Aiitliur . a
ci.oirr (jenius th.tn is r«]iii(iie fi'r liicli a Peilormance, mif;!ii
pirliirni lon)«-ttiiiii» very laudable in tins kind, I'V wiiii;;^
aiopious Hith.ry of ilie I'.ilablillin.. 1 1 i.t ilic />.'(','' Kc
publick, will li wiaild fiiffiiKiitiy lln w, tr',.it liu Utiireot
pidcrvinj^ rcligi'iis and livil 1 .it>eiiv, maiiUainiiig the na-
tural Higlits ot Maiil;ind wuli irliKCt to rra>!>, and
triiifniittiiif' liir Bl'lfingj ot an equal aiul mild A iinini-
Uratiiin to I'ollcrity, aje I'tincipies capalile ot railiij', Inch
.111 heioick Spi'ii III any IVople, as will enable them to
(ivtriotne all DiiJaiiIihs ol wliat kir;d (>>:-vri, and riiat to
ftwli ai>fp,tir, as 1(1 i;ive tliem a(.:ip.iiity of ch.ii.i'.ii':.?,
at Ic.ill 1:1 Aj>i'va;aiice, the very Laws ul Natuir, lo as

Chap. II. Ejlablijhmcnt of the Dutch Kalt-Iiidla Company. 925

nut gtt a lliiftic Sli,;
live.

It 1 piopolol with f -
art ot tiic Wurl.l. 1
liid wliiih moves all

\<i llllV.lU.S!!L\i ,tt ll-ciii^

ly \ tlut by iJigr.i^,
Ins Cumiuiiy \% now
lur tlic N.uuiii i ilut
ixtrciiuly IxMclkul ■,
■y lar liuin \y^\\\v^ wtll
, It impori'* Us more
.li'aily tonvinaj as to
IS a CoMJuiitluri: wlicn
was i.t lo j;;(.'at Con-
c iiunagiiig lu cxttn-
I, lo iiiVulii'iUs A. Siib-
ti)riiiC(l well, it is tlic
have taiKU therein, it
is n.y I-.r.i:i..vuur. 1
lylclt liavc (.oi.trai'hkl
s, but I have liiKcrcly
mi lu)W ti) rtiuiir ti.v-
Ins Wdili lH.n!.t'\i.ii ii
h Sci.(iiiKii(!> ab ir.ay

Eaft-IiuUa Cc///-
', atid a Projpcci
' at Uo'Ki\^ (IS in

ciiniiirCi' to the T.,.'X-
tiiim ''t thi'ir liinn-
■)f Houtnian, at tit'
'iitlh ^rciit Suci'r/s.
a proper E/U-IijI:-
the 2Cfi'' 1607, for
Vloliitcis, in id'i.b
'cmpiniv, and of the
•ft- of the C'mp^infi
tiit"iiCil iiihi oiLirg-
hi- Indies, ,;«./ othir
thrir I-y'juJ Chiirtcr,
fi/lory to the Cl'-I? oj
yl ihort ylccount nf
t" MiiKHir in 'dhiih
). 'The (kccnar.y of
! C'.ncerKS. zo. //
Pur. 21. Of the
cm 1610 /^ I7I7-

fill')!! t)f flK h a '-"'.■.,:;■.

itr,!, an Autlu): ■ : a
:i I'lilonraiici', iniglit
I Ills k:nil, by wiitii^g
.i,t ut thi- IhitJ' Kc
w, that thi- IXIirc ol
, man'tatning ihf tu-
i.;.i to I'rai:., ami
ji;,l iiniJ A iiiiini-
ij .iMi- (it lailing Uieh
■. smI! enable thfni to
() loc-vrr, and tliat to
ti It iry ot chai.c,!""':-?'
;«s ol Natuir, lo as
tu

to render the meancft Country a Paradife, and the moll
dillrcfll'd and dcjtfted of the human Race, the bravcll
Soldiers, and the moft entcrprizing Scamrn.

Such a Hillory woul(i particularly (hiw, that Provi-
jirnte can conduit, by the moll unlikely Mians, the nu-
blert Dcfigns to the highcft Degree ct' Pcrtidtion, and
lay the Ground-work of the moll ixalttd Powir and I a-
biity in the niidft ol Tyranny anil Oppnflion. I'or moll
evident it is, that if the Spaniards had nut purlucd thi"
moll barbarous Plan of I'oliticks in Kcltrinct to their
Snbjccfls in the Low-Countries, the Ki-puhluk i)f the Uni-
ted Pr«vincts had ntvtr exillcd, nor had the People ol
Ihltnnd ever arrived at any I'art of that Wealth, Dignity
and lurprizing Power, as for the two lall C'enturits liny
havetn|oyed. It is the peculiar Gl-jry of the Almighty,
to produce Order out ol Conlufion, (joo i our ot I'.vil,
Strength and I lappineP- out of Weaknefs ai.d Milrry, .intl
of this, no Piriod ol llillory afl'ords us a more lilullrioun
Inltance, than that which is to be the .Subject of the pre-
ftiit Section. It was the Bigotry (jf the Sp..niards, anil
their ille(!,al li.troduflion of the blooily lMi]Uilition imo the
I^eihiritiiids, that innoduecd that Firmii'rs to their reli;^!-
cus Princi|i|es, and that jealous Concern for the l.ilnity
of Coiikience, which has pr(,vcd the Stiurce ot the luan-
liciir of the Dutch. It cvas the barbarous as well as aibi-
tr.uy Ciovernment of the Duke of ^ka, Carilin il Cir.in
vilie, and fuch Miiufters of Opprcllion, that iltablillird
tliolc Notions of civil Liberty, that enabled the ilillnll'ul
Inhabitants of the Low-Coun/ries to ellablilh a boim 01
(i(jveniiiient capable of procuring and maintainiiiiJ; tin 11
Freedom ; and it was tlie Meal'uies taken to turb, to lUl
trrfs, and to ruin the little Trade they then had, whii h
tiired thtle People upon thofc Methods that in a veiy
fiiiall ,S; .ur of Time rendered them the n;oll tonlideiable
trading Ktpublick the World, ever law.

It mull be allowed, that uf all the Monatihs t!iat were
ever fei/.ed with a Palhon for ur.iverlal I'aiipire, tluie ne-
ver was one who leemed t > have it more in his Power to
pratify Ambition in its larg.tl I'Xtent, than /'/'////> the
Stcond ol Spain, who w.is not led thereto by the Kntite-
ments of Minillers more capable than himfeit, luit form-
ed his own Schemes, and condufled them with liu h Wif
tlom anil Policy, that if the L'.nd he aimed at had been
attainable by human Abilities, one could liarce conceive
how he came to be fiullrated in his Deli'jn. Me had
giined the Court of Rome entirely to his Inieiell, and was
theriby able to Ixnd the predominant Religion in liioupe
to his Puipofes. lie had the whole Force of the S/,ini'ib
Mmar.hy, and i>f the Houle of , Avy/r;rt in d'lTw./i/v ,11 his
Command i the gnatrll maritime Power in the Wo; 1. 1 was
a; his Dil'pol.d, a great Part of Iiiiiy w.is in his I'.illi llinn j
he had a liiorg I'aitv in Enx!-ind, and a llronger in Fiuiiet,
a-.d all the !\K lies in the huitts tlowed into his Cotleis , but
what was II ill of gi eater Conliquence, he h.id the moll
able Minilhrs, and the moll expeiienced tieiurals, and
tlie bell ditiip'iiUvl Troops in the World at his IVvouoii •,
all which Adivantages were doubled by his Skill in m.iking
ute ot them; lur .'le had a Soul above the Re.u h ot lur-
tune, and a Capacity more extenfive than his D.iniinioiis ,
lb that had he undertaken what was in the I'owtr ot M.in
to atchirve, he h.id ealily and happily performed it i but
as his Projicl was without Bounds, lb the Methods he
uled, tho* wifely contrived, and generally fpeaking, well
carried into Fxeciirion, proved nut only truitkls, but U
dillipated the Wealth and Strength of his F'.mpiie, th.it as
he died himll It ol Difcontent, lo he litt the Spuiiijh Mo-
narchy under an incurable C onlumption.

But air.ongfl all the vail Defigns which this Monarch
formed, that which was bell digelled, was atteiidrd with
the wurlc F.lVcrts. I le knew, that a Monopoly of Trade,
was the tirll Step to univerfal F'.mpire, and therefore form
cii a Plan for fixing the whole Trade of the World to his
Ponimions. It was with this View, that he lit liii i'lMit
two Sihemes which proved abortive indeed, l?ut which
will eternally prove the Strength ot that Cieimis wliiili lic-
vifd. them. I'he tirll was the feiziig and li-cuiing the
Sdund, or narrow Pullage into the Baltick, by which he
' Ojvd to lH\omc Mailer of all the Trade of the North :
The other was builuinj; a City ot his own Name 111 the

N u M u. 0^.

Stirighii t)l Mnj^ellitn, and cllablifliin/j fucii a Colony
there, lis might put it out of the I'ower of other Naticm
to trouble the Commerce of the South-Sen;, or find a P.if-
lligc llmt Way to the FmJI Indies. But failing in thefe
Deligiis, he turiuil his Thoughts another Way, and lind-
ing that his revolted Subjeills in tlr; Netherlands, began
lo make a gnat F'igure in Trade, cl'pccially after the Ruin
ol the l.'ity of tlntuerp, he rcliilvcd to cut them (liurt in
that, us niiH h as lay in his Power, and being become
Mttltrr ol Ihriug^nl, he ablolutely fbrbid t!:e;ii aM Coin-
inerce, not tiiily with the Indies, but in the Commo-
tlllirH III the Indies, whii h they had hitherto purchafed at
Lijhon, nnd with great Profit to themfelves, had diflri-
buied to the northern Parts of Europe. It was by this
Piohibidun, cxprelsly calculated tor the Huln of their
Trade, that the Inhabitants of the Low-Ccunlries were
lompelltil to thole Undertakings which have fmce made
them l.otds of India. If the Spaniards had never for-
bid theiii, they had never thought of going thither; if
they had remained the fole Carriers of Spices or even
been allowed it realisable Proportion of that Trade, they
had 11' vcr been the Proprietors of it.

Hul the nuking this unexpeded Stroke at their Com-
ineite, lit a Juncture when they had many rich M-rrcIiants
amoii!(,ll them, and their Country fwarmed with able Sea-
mn, inltiail of ilamping tin ir Spirit.-, and depriving
lliiin ol all I lnpe«, i.xcit'.il them to form a luultitudc of
Pioi'Cis tor aviiling this f.vil, more cfpeci.iiiy wi-.ui tliey
loimd that lis I'.ithoiiik M.ijdly ren;ai:icd tiiin ro his
PoMit, and lu'tually ciuf'd their Shu.s to be le:/. .!, and
liii h lis were on U'Mtd thvm to be in.piil'.md. i'iiis c-n-
VII I'd them, that tluy mull either abaneo:\ ;•.'.! ■Thoii;j,lit'J
ol the. (,'oiiuikice, or llrikc out foine new i^ouc iLr tliem-
I iv.'., whuli w,is lb n;u:h the mor.- (!i[licul;, bec.i::'^:
even wliif; tley lived under thi: Sfniijh Yoke, tley h:ul
never birii \ imitt.d to make N'oya^vs f.) the //Vi/'.v.
I'ln y deiivcd, however, foir.e Afiiiunce from the M r-
chaniH Nsho had lettlei! among ihcin, after the ia!.;iig of
</«/..■(■»/>, for they wne better acquainted with tfic Sjtu^ij/j
Trade, and wiUi tlie Method ulVd, in c.-.rrying it on, a:,d
it was thole l'(o('le who advilVil the tal;ing nito ti-.eir Scr-
Viie lu> h Seaiiien and Pil.ts as h.id t'.'Ved und.er Sir Fr.-jn-
i/j Ihiike, tlir tainous Candifj, and other E!:j;lJJj Com-
m.iiivleis (il Note, 'The Inlorniatior.s gained in^ini thefe
people, gave them fucii Lights that ly Dvgree-s their
Meiihaiits began to tluhk an Iiij;!:n F..\pedi;ion pr.'.dica-
bli', ami bck.;aii likiwile to be wiliitg to ruii t!ie I bu'.ard
ol lu>h an I'ndutaking, tium the Polpicl of the pro.i-
giou't I'lolii that mull iiecell'arily accrue totlum, d liuy
met Willi Sueiels, which bore fcarce any Propoitiun to ihc
I'Xpriicc netdVary fur making liii h a Ti:,d.

t. .Among others, J.inns I'alk, and Chi:.lj;b;r Rce.':i:'.<:,
the oiie Trealurir, and the other Pmru-nn- 10 tlieSt.ites of
/e,h\ind, ill tonjuiulion with iLViial Merchants, par-
lit ill illy li.i:tl\ij.>M,it,hcrcn, JJ.'i} J,;iifeii, Ch.vUj Dirk
I •III Ol, a, id iii.iny others, i.jok up a Rttoluti-. n tu open a
P.ilhn'i' into the Indies, fiom whuice they were un^uilly
ixiliilid ly the iMiiperor C^(o/«V. ae,d J'ibilip the Se-
lond, King of Spain. 1 hey conceived, th.it by Ih^nng
Noiih Tall, Ihey mi|;ht run along tlie Coait ot i.r.'ary,
and to uaili ('.(.'/■..;:, f,'/).i/,;, J.i'cii, Indui, and the 7 ',6/-
/»/•/'((• and ,W'.;«(,,i iiland.s ; Tlie F.xecution of tiiis Piei e't
was ' omiiiitied to two excellent Mariners, // V.'.'. ..w B,:rei'. z,
and y.owc.i lleewjhrl:, and afterwards tu divers ot.heis ; but
hilheiio the Almighty has not fave.ured tlie Diieov.' i v cf
ih.ii i'allage, or ot the Pe"[>le that live in tiiofe Cini iVs,
while till y were 111 quell ol this No;thi::i Palugf. Q.'.o
(■'ornetiUf tliiuliniHi, a Duiehmn::, happ.eiiM to be 111 /a.. v-
.i;i(/, and theie lali'-liid hi" Curiolity t-y a diligent Flnqiiiry
into ihr State of the Ecjl- Indies, and the Co\uie that one
mull llrer, in order to lome at it. 1 le h.id fivquent Con-
leienccs upon this Subjuit with the I\r::i^^.z.; w:;.) >■ vo
Notice of It to the tuuit.

Ai ih.tl Time, all loreigiuis were prohibited to ni.d;e
huh l''.iiijuilies i and upon th.it Score hcuin, n -.vas put ii»
I'llloii, and oiiklid to Hay 'here 't.h h,- paui .1 ||.. ,i\y
line ; In onitr loi.iile liich a conlideiabi ■ Sum o\ Me>rtv
heiiddirllid himlelt to the Meichanis oi .anjlerc^m, and
gave (hem to unduHaiul, tluu d tli. y would pay l.u Fin' ,

II C ■ he

I i

I "

I il;>

*|i'

i)U

'jUi I /Ai"

;,'V^

tif:

r. ,•;••■

J '

he wovik! ililCdViT id ihciii all lli.it i« IjIoI t" ilic /•..;/?- InJif',
aiut t.K I'all..;;;- t!;i:lur: Ani'r.liryly iniy t;iaMU\l his Ri--
i;iit|l, uikI i'.' J', il.itiiuil Ills rromiK .

Alter iiutiiit Coii:i,lrr.iti >;> cl *lut Ir h.nl olTcrnl, they
rdolvi-il lo citJl iin'thcr Comp.ny. t.iilfJ t'r CoTTHMiiy
liT nnv'tr 0>iiiitri<*. llu- Dinctiirs t>l this ( ompany
%i-rf, //tun //a./.r«, /\'.«/<T/'.iw;r, /Vz/T ll,i/„'ajr, Jthn
7,1(11, U--r/i"j JtOuii(, J.Li Pc^fen, /hnry Buuk, Dmk
l,mO, S :;rl Pn-;iiiZ Sum, .iiui ..rcnttn GrocUnhuijt.
'I'l.J' 111 tcidt^ ii'ufKltiii ;', as yet th,it 'twas very uncrr-
tain, whcthtr tlir Notth I'allagi was [iraCticalilc itho' at the
ranrtiiiu- ttuy were IfiiCiblr, tlut it vsas ttir fliotti-ll ami
JumI rallaur, ai.il w.thal tin- mi.ll lu-altl>y, m rcgar.! that
in it thty ilul not crols tlic I'ljuinoi'ljjil l.inc : lJ|K>n this
CoLlultiation, thc-y ca;)i; tu a kiluliitioii ^/nno Dcmini
I ; );, tu Kiul I >i.r Wlitls lo the /ndui, by the Way ot
thi- C.:p( cf iicc . iopt.

\. llckimj):, a iJ lomc othen, who hail the Cuinnumt
in tins lJti)Ciliiii>n, were oril-rcil to ohtnvc the C oiirle
thfv lh-fr;il viiy nicely, i.ii, to little with the /mJuHi the
C.'mmcrcrof Spi.is anJ oihrr (iooils, eljx'ciaily in tlioli:
C'>'ii irirs where the Pcriugurze hail no .Scitli-ments.
'I ;ityIi)okri! ii(>t>n thist'oninvrccas.i very vaiuaWt- Thing,
dp iiaily conlKierinR that it wcniM lave them the Trmiblc
ol t tihi! g that liirt of Gun.ls from /^crtugal, wimh they
c<ni!ii not lio without ^;rrat J lo/arJ. Thck- Ship rttiirn«
C(l lo /it'.iiiid m the Spate ot two Ytars ami four Montlu
att.r th' ir lltf.ng out, an.i though thry hati mai!e no
gf at I'rolit of ihi- N' v.ig.-, y<t ihcir Succcl^ animatui their
()w ! ", an.i llvtral uthcr Nlerchants, to rarry on the V>C'
fig-i )t further.

Ill I'tVccI, a Mcml'fr of that Company Ixiny liejil,
they pi.lV:t;y put into his Vhce Gtrjrd Bukn, a very
r.:::;,'.ir3! !c Mmhant. Then they hail Aeivicc that
loiiie other MeiiliiMs of ,■/!«/'/(■/■./<;« ilcfigneil to I'el out
Sh">T /njut. T.'.r Names of iliule NIcri.hams wire
t'r.cnt Ian /ir;Kjnj}, Siiikh y^'V-', Ccitrl Dirrtiiz,
CotkUui l',:n C.imp.n, JiiiO!/ 'IIhihj/z, EUxrl Simeit/z
j/fHib }ti. an J 'Join /l.irm,in z. 1 he l.omiMny, to avoul
Ai'iniofitX', th ii^ht it nocil'.iry to i;nitr s»,tli thof'c Mcr-
clunt-, an.i, accor,):;ij;'.v, tlie two Mrets, lonnihnj; of
ri;j!U ^'ellVLs, join^ .1 iinv'er the Commaml ol Jamei /'„•«
Str, thur A.mi;j', and failixl from tlic 7exel J. /J.

A lXri{;n of the fatrc Nature was iiktwifc fit on ri>ot
in /' a.'i^ij, and acfori1ii,j;ly /iiiLLyar Ahudrrcn, anJ
.!Ji.u:i //(;,-.;>f.^2.'."i /lutf, \si:h lonie other I'aitr.cri,
f!!!ul <«,! Siupi t.if t!-,c InJm. 'Hie Iniiabitants c»l A'«-
/.r,.'.;rFi Ix.i'f; Ipurrivl lorwarii by I'uiii l-.xamplis, prcltiitiy
formofi a Cunipany, and fitted cut five Ships, ui.dir
th: Ci.mn'ar.d d J.mrj M lu, w;i!i Orders to fail tu the
j\.c.uuJ I'.lands, by the S.rait of S/r.zfU.w, ami the S.nii-
St'i. In tl,c n-.vari t iii'*, tlx AmjiaJ.un .Menlunts t;:iw
|y ttt »|;< II the Matter, and th.- Cii::i|Mny b; lore njinti-
rre-',w:thoi,! flaying lor thr Kcturn 4.1 ih^ Heit tiicy had
fe' t alrrady, fitted out thri-t Sinj^ iiujre, w!ii,-h put tu .Sea
3/Vr -;, I ■,<J9, U'ld. r the (.oiiimand i>\ Suplfn I'.in.lr
/;.y «. On the Sih of the then i.:\t Ju.'v, four of the
cii^iit Ships that went out lirll, arrived in the 'letel, and
alt'T they W'lc t: !oa ird, wi.i- inmiediat ly lent Uick
ajj.ii:. urdtr th: C.ir.n.jiul i.f /.'w^j //';..V^c»/.

4. A'x.i.t th» fcjirc timi, tiv. ral .,'m/mJjm .Minhants,
mvl\ i.f ssiK ill v,:r. .'^ratrn.'i'f by H r;h, lornK-d am^tlier
C'-ir; my i., on tl.i iinir l);lign,ar.d litti-ei out lour VtlUls,
wj.hhjut to tn J''(.ahi/er i-'pt, in Contort with four
cfilie,,.'.lC<..n,unv'* S:iip«. 'I wuVrara ali r ail tiief; Sh j-s
came h-,n\: witii ritli Carjjo-^ ; But Ixlorc tlirir Arnvjl
this i.<weon.,U'y lu.l In: out two Snips, wli.ih sscj':
i I- .1 by C\x ,T.orc ol tiio old C oiiijwny, all of them put-
ti- 4 to S;-a ./. /). li^^, under tiie Comiiun.l lA 'J^ma
I • : .\ik \ a: V.', iu I'lc I'rtyccl', of lime, ai! <jf tiiem re-
tui <:'. jt 1 vitai 1 i.ius I'l their rrfptctive I'oit^. L'pon
t':e Coii'ideratior! of th'.tr Kiil.y .'Viivt liluio, frVera! Ircfti
ol. I ■ ssi!e littcil (j.:t in .iti.J,rJaui, '/...-i'ltud^ and elfi-
w!i>r i among (, lilt I', tni'tnu wi-n- t'tni iimn .imjlnj.ini,
'.•11 U ■!: Irt l!>n;7ir.!5 to thco\', .ttui lour to the new ( oni-
pji.y, •;rii!'-f ill; t on iiu.'i > I 'Jfotn. l/anjlrk^ind 'J.nr.ei
Ci'...jr, .; '. t;vL iii^/ji. 1^1 i;.c oiu Ciinij any, LiuUiid lor

the Mo'.uiins, mulir tiiiConimaiuiol ll'i'ip]\;ri //.trnuff^
all the thirtei-n lit l.iil lnili the' Itxtl, //put lOoi, '

At tins the Sfjiii^r,!.! wtic entagid smh Anger and
Oiiel.jMrtlyin re^;ard ol the All'ront they lufiuul m leeini,
tuih petty Meii!iantsidm|ials thiir liuls m Ipuc „| ,1,^*
It ith 1 and partly iip<)u the Aicount ot the ljui\ thry
lullained, and wire likely to lullam herealttr. With thii
View they tittetl out a Ifrong St]u.idron, in oidcr to lijr^
prize theDx/rZ- Ships. Thu .'kjiadron confillii ;. of thirty
Men of War, well iiunmd, lell ir, with cignt ol the Lut/l/
Ships in the Month of .1/.,_v, in the Ijt. ot 140. i|,(.
Dutt/f perceived tiie Inequality A their Number and
Forces, iwtwithflaiuii; g that they had liiinc Seildur*
alxjard : 1 Ie)wevcr, they were not daunteil, for they
fought bravely, and tlic Sp.tmjli Aelmiral was ti) warmly
received, that he thought it convenient lo let them pals.

The next Year, thue Ships came home from the In-
did richly laelen ; they brem^ht Ailvice , thar t|,e
King of Jchtn luii attt mpteil to fti/.c 1*0 of the Mau-
(biroHs Ships that had tit out from //iluvtJ, .t /), ii;nq.
that Ccrnehus //»«/»»,;«, the Commaiuler, had loll his Ijfc
in the Adventure ; and in line, that the Ships li.ul eliaptd,
but that lomc ot the Duub continucei l'rilone;rs in the
Hands of tlie King ol ./Jvi.

/'aul tan Ciieriitii, having let out for the /»JUs that
lame Year, arrived at tlie I'ort ol /iitfn, without know-
ing what iwlTeel, ami there svas exptjietl to the like Dan-
ger i lor that the Kii g being egged on by a /raidnaH
Monk, who rcfidcei there m the (Quality ot a /'ortug'unt
luivoy, and had come thither (re;in the Miiuaas on pur-
pole to whtriilc him. The King, I hj, thus I'ullicitid,
let all Inftruments at work to fcize CttrJtu's Ship -, but .ill
his Attempts proved alxjrtivc, and the King owned, af-
t( rwards, that he was feslueed by the /V/i/^.sc, and ac-
cordingly pave a very gooel Ueceutioii to the Meet com-
manded by /Murna /inker, sshith hotl let out from 7.ca-
lanJ, .1. /). itioi : Nay, when the Meet had taken in us
lading, whicli was very confidcrable, he fent lomcl.m-
balVaeiors with them.

This Meet putting into St. I/tlens to take in frelli Wa-
ter, lupiened to meet witli a /'crlugvczt Cuiriiik, riilily
la'len, wh;(h they tt>ok, and brought along with thcni.
The fame Year Gter^e Spilkr^en and the Slups he luiii-
mandeei were as favourably treated ly the lame Kir.got
//ibfv. The Spaniards, liiuiing th mfelvcs inferior in
Strength, endeavoured to ruin the Duiih by all manner of
Stratagrnis and Truks ; they lent hmiHaries to all tlir In-
dian Kings to decry the new Adventurrrs to brand tin in
for I'lrate-, and Men lA no l-aith or Honour. In line,
they ukd all p><)lliblc Kli'oits to alVedt their Kuin, as will
ap^xar in the .Setjuil.

5. The State s-(iencral ami I'rince Af,»wr;V/, having re-
ceived Aiivice of what paffei', reli)lved to give Comniil'-
lluns to all Ships that laiNil that Way ; and indeed the
Comniandcrs ot the Ships IIikkI in Need ol them, in order
t ) Ihi'.c tlie Calumnies of their I*'.ncniics. By thet'cConi-
milliejns, thry were imjKJWcred not only to .tetend them-
frlves but to attack and commit Hotliliiiis upon all that
fiioukl dirturb their Commeric. 'I he valiant 'Jjtitii
//(cn::Ji:rkf Ixring t loathed with fuch Authority, tailed
\e:ili two Sli:|>s from /ianiam in oreier to have them loaded
at Ijhcr, am! falling in wiili a rich C.-rrdu upon her Ke-
tusn to Md.a.i, or Chiiu, with above liven hundred Men
on board, aitackeil her, and forcevl the /'cnu^Mzr, alter
a nendrr Shew of Delcnce, t<» Itrike, and alk Quartci,
winel; was granted them. r,'i:s was a l^ool, that thii/j,s
Were n-.ueli changed with this Nation, and that the lJu:.'J
had not to do with tholi: gal!a;,t aiut gloiious Fi,t:uguez:,
who had fpre.i'l the Terror of their N'.ina-, and the Au-
thority ot their Crown over the hiiclt l';ovi;iccs in /i/tJ.
Neither had the Duub yet kartK-d to behave w;t!i that
Haughtinef'i and Inliilcnte, with which they have fincc
Ix-en repr.iaclied 111 the. I'art of the World. (Jii thccon-
tiary, they Ik liaveil |i) kindly to their I'rilorcr-,, aisd tranl-
aCle.l ivety thii g in relatiijii to tliem, with 16 much Ho-
nour, that th> y obuinc.l ampl- J'tlliminials t.j tins I'ur-
pole fron» th-- Spamjh ti jvcrneir in the Meluua Iilands, as
iil J friiii hirii w;.'> prelidcd at ALitiKJ, by which, ai they

Chap. 11. E.J}aUi]lmcnt of the Dutch Kall-Iiidia Compiviy.

< »•

S)-l

fl'dphri llirttia>'fn
Apiil Idol,
iul viit'i Angrr ami
licy UaiiKU II) liriiig
luls in IjnK- ul tliur
It oJ the I^ls ihry
crraltir. With ihii
ron, in ntilcr lo liir''
311 coiifillii ;- ul tliirty
rh fight of ilic Uuuit
l4t. of 140. Tiic
their Number ami
l-.aJ luinc SoliiKfi
ilaiintal, lor they
liral was to warmly
•nt to let them pals,
homr trom the In-
Ailvite , that the
i/x HMj ol the Mau-
fhOaiiJ, .1. 1). I ^(jij.
>!i-r, liaJ loll Ins Ijtc
Ik- Slii|.? luil tlraiKd,
ucci I'riloiKrs m the

t for the IndUi tiiat
■iihen, without know-
itcil to the like Dan-
J on by a i-raicijian
ulity ot a I'ortuguczt
the MiiMidJs on [lur-
I lay, thus rulkitdl,
lerJtnS Ship -, but all
the Kin^ owned, at-
:: Per:upiiZf, and ac-
ioji to ihc I- Irct coin-
1\m\ let out liom y.ci-
Mect lud taken in iii
le, he lent lomc l.:n-

I to take in frclli Wa-
'4gifczt Ca> n/i <•, riilily
i,ii;ht along with them,
iii the Sliips he (.Din-
l y the lame K:ng ot
h iiifelvei liiKrior in
)uiil' by all niaiuKTot
mill'arit s to all the In-
Mtiirrrs to brand tin \n
n 1 lonour. In line,
Ct their Kuin, as will

r Miurice, having rc-
ved to give Commil'-
Vay ; and indeed the
ccd ol them, in order
nic-;. By thcfc Lom-
only to tetcnd them-
ollilities upon all that
J he ^■aiiant 'Jjina
ich Authority, Tailed
r to i.ave them loaded
C.:rr<iiK upon her Ke-
t liven ImiHiicd Men
the J\r:u^.ttzr, aUtr
.-, anil aik Quartet,
a I'lDol, that thir.j^s
, and that the Dul.b
^•lorious Pcnuguezi,
Nina-, and the Au-
iclt l';ovl.•lcc^ in /(rtJ.
1 to behave w:tli that
ihieli lilt y have ImLC
World. '(Jnihtcon-
r I'Tiloi-crb, x\\^\ tranl-
I. with fo much I lo-
hm jnials CO tins I'ur-
he Mu'.uuit Mands, a»
If J, by whuh, ai they

n») way diminillied tli ir Wealth, they totally raifeil their
Reputati(m, and wiped nil' that Imputaticjii ot I'iracy,
which, to rrtidcr tl:em odiour, the Spanijh Government
had thrown upon tiiem.

This Capture wai ot' prodigious Confrqiicnce, becaufc
it gave thetn aroinplrat View ot the Kiches .iiui Commo-
dities of the India; To that themfelves and their Country-
men now knew exaiftiy what they were fceking, and could
form a juft Notion ot the Value of that I'rize, for which
ihey drew their Swords. 'Ihis heightened that Spirit
which was already fulHcirntly railed ot joining in Adven-
tures to InJia ; anil as good or ill Fortune kldom comes
alone, fo, in this Cale another Circumllance happened,
which gave Itill greater Credit to, and excited warmer
Hojies from Inch Undertakings.

At the r.ime time Oliver Van Noort returned to Holland^
after a three Years Voyage: He had been titted out by
Pittr I'an H(ver:n, lluj(h Bufe, and yobn Ilodbaktr, and
lit fail from Gorree SfpUmher 159'^. lie made but very
inconfiderablc Returns for the Merchants, but he acquired
a great deal ot Cilory, a Share of which redounded to
his Country 1 for, at that time, the United Provinces
Iharcd this common Glory with the Portti^utze and En-
gli/hf That one of their Natives had failed round the
WorKI, by the Straits of Magellan. We have given a
large Account of this Voyage in the full Chapter of this
Work, and therefore need not infill ujHjn it here. It was,
to l>c fure, a glorious Undertaking, and the Fame that
attended it had fuch an F.ITcifl on the cntcrprifing Spirits
olthofc Times, that it induced many rich Merchants to go
and fettle at Amjlerdam^ and drew thither thi moll cxjicri-
enced Seamen and Commanders from all I'arts of Europe.

This is what the Dutch Writers tell us ; and, indeed,
we follow them entirely in this Account of their Com-
pany, as being the bell inllructed, and the moll intelli-
gent Guides. It is, indeed, very [XjlTibli", and probable,
that they have reprefcnted thcfe Things to their own Ad-
vantage, for which the judicious Reader will make a proper
Allowance. But, upon the whole, I Ixlieve it would have
been difficult to have found any where better Materials,
lince.to do them jullice, they have been more careful to pre-
fervc anil record, the Rill- and Progrcfs of this Commerce,
from the Time it fell into their Hands, than any other
Nation that was ever coiicerneil therein i and the Pains
they have taken to infert the principal SuccelTes of their
Eujt-lmti.t Company in their general Hillories, is what
can never lie km) much eommciuled.

(). While their Navij^ation contiiiU'-ii tobetluisfuccefbful,
anil the I'rade ot the /;.i^;>j tlouriniedmore and more, there
happened an Accident that difcontinucd their former gooil
Fortiin-, anil tlireatet-ed Ruin tothewliole; I me.m the Plu-
rality ot Companies that were then formed, and the fyrry
Underllanding that was between them. Oftentimes
many of them titted out Siiips lor tlic fame Port, which
lowered the Price of their Goods, and ditcouragcd the
Sailors. 'I'iir States (ieneral being acquainted with theic
Incnnvenieni les, calleil a Meeting at the lla^ue iA the Di-
reciois of the Ci'mpanies, both ot IhH.tml and Zealand,
and o!>!;g','d them to '.ii.ite ;n one Body for the tmure, to
which t:ieir Hi!','!i Mghiinilej joined their Content and
Authority. The Treaty that was tlien agreed upon was
conlirmeil by a Patent from the Sovereign I'ower, tor
twenty-one Yr.:"-, lonitiicncing from the Date, ■i.-iz.
Mi:rib .'o, I t'o ".

'The Patent heir-;; given out, the Company became a
very conliderable B'xiy, and made a joint Stixk of
o,oi>\oi'o Livre>i. L'pon this Bottom they promifed
tlieml. Ive. :'re.it 1 :iii.^', and fitted out a Fleet of four-
teen t;re.it Ship>, whieh piit to Sv.i in Juiw Mo 1, under
the Command ol lt\hii>il l\:n iriiriiyk. 'Tlie next Year,
III th- .Month of l-d'iti,n:\, the Vachi called ll\h-ht(r, re-
turne.!, and gave Adviee t!i;it live of the other Ships
would he at homr v. ly lj.>a!ily. By tins Yaiht an Ac-
miint wa. !iroiip;lir ot wlv.it p.ilHd beljre iUi>:!um between
U'o'.ph.'.n ll.<in'..n:r .v:\.\ his \'ii-e -A.iiniial, lL:ns Ikuucr,
on one .S; i:-, and ]);,i .liutrcis icr!i:.!u <.V MnuUza, who
had t.irnu.l a Pelit; . 10 drive the D:!!cb onto! the lu.iics.
In lilfect Don JnJi\.i; wa. I'Cjt, and the D.v/iZi Admirals

purfuing their Conilc to tlic Moluccas, arrivcil there uc fe-
vcral Times oae alter the (.ti'icr.

'The fame Yatch brouglit the News of an F.ngagemcnt
at ihc MolutcaJ between 7rt»«.j hin Ntk, Admiral, and
three Por/ugueze Ships which did not turn to his Ad-
vantage i for that, alter thu Lois of cigiit or nine Men,
and fome of the Fingers of his own Right-hand, he was
obliged to Hiccr oil'. It was this Velfel likewife that
brought the full Intdligence of t!ie taking of a Patu-
gueze Carrack by Janu-s Hci mjjkrk. Upon the Arrival of
this News, another Fleet of ttiirteen Ships was fitted out,
and failed December the i8i!i, under the Command of Ste-
phen Vandir llagen.

In the Year 160^, the King of Spain ilTued forth a
fcvere Declaration, In which he prohibited the Inliabitants
of the United- Provincci to trade to the Dominions of the
King of Spain, or to the Eoft and ll'"(jll>;dies, undor the
Pain of corporal Punilhment. But the Company was lu
tar from being over-awed by this i'dic'l, tiiat it ratlier in-
fpired them with frelh Courage, and animated tlum ti»
purfue their Defign with more Vigour and Diligence, lii
a Word, tht-y prelcntly fitted out a hUetol eleven VelTels,
which were fit not only for TralHck, but tor warlike l-^x-
ploits, and gave the Command of them to Ccnit.'ins
Mattlief. 'I'his Fleet had Icarce put to Sea, when the Di-
rc(!lors gave Orders for preparing another of eight Ship?,
which were manned not only with a full Com[)lemcn: ot
S^-amen, but with Soldiers, that were engaged to Hay and
keep Garrifon in die Indies, if Occafion required, i'liis
third Squadron was commanded by Paul I'an Qitr.htn.
Soon after two Ships of the full ot thele two Squadrons
came ho.me with a richCargoe ofC loves au'l other Spites :
'They brought Advice that Admiral Zander ILigcn would
follow them very quickly ; and according'y he arriv-
ed the next July, after taking fcveral Spmiflj and Por-
tugueze Veflcls, and polTelTing himfelf of the Fort ui'Jti:-
boyna, the demolilhing that oiTidore, and entirely dillodg-
ing thofc two Nations out of the Molucca I.lands.

Tills Expedition gave Rile to a mighty Difputc between
thi Dutch and the Englijh,\\\wn the Account that the latter
favoured the Spaniards, and by fupplying them with Pow-
der, enabled them to hold out longer. 'The next Oilihcr
three other VtiTels arrived in Uotland, and give Intelli-
g-ncc tlwt H'ybrandt l\vt JS\ierii-\k was upon his Way
home, but was obliged to put in at the Ifland oi Maurice^
k-caufe his Ship was lecky, and that he had taken a Car-
rack at Patana. 'This Aiimiral arrived in the Spring
1607, but in the preceding Winter the Company had fen:
two Ships more to the Indies, under the Command of
Jcbn-Janfz Moldie, to whom they owed the taking of
the Fort of Tidore.

7. A Negotiation being then fet on Foot for a Peace in
the Netherlands, the Company titted out a frelh Squadron
of thirteen Ships, under the Command of Petcr-IFillam-
fcn yerhoven, who had given a fignal Proof of his Cou-
rage and Conduit in the Kngagemcnt .it Gibraltar, where
he was Vice-Admiral under the illunrious James liecmij-
kirk. This great Fleet w.is titted out with a Defign to gi%'e
the World to underlland, tliat no 'Treaty of Peace (liould
tempt the United Prsvimes to drop their 'Trade to the In-
dies. Immediately the Spaniards llarted a wa.-m Difputc
in Reference to this Article, which proved the Suljcci: of
their principal Conferences •, upon that the Company gave
in frequent Remonllrances both to tlie St.ites-Gciural, and
to the Mediators, and prefented to them written Memori-
als in order to make them fenfible that there was a
Neceirity of beir.g rclolute upon that 1 lead.

In line, this Point being looked upon as a principal Ar-
ticle by both Parties, fo that it couKl no: be adjulled, the
States, upon a final RefoK.tion, made this Proixilal, that
either the Spaniards .niould confent to their InJian 'Tratic
in the 'Treaty of Pcice, 01 allow it them by a Truce, for
lome Years, or clfe, that Things Ihould continue beyond
the 'Tropitk of Cw/i.rr uiuin the fame Bottom t!i.it they
then Hood on, and that either Party Ihould iv.ake War
there, and do wliat they could for their own Advar.tage.
'This done, the Truce of twelve Years was acce; ted and
concluded, and upon certain Conditions 'twas aj^Ktd, that

both

I''*!

I,i

■I

)

1 1

-I^ »,

. lA { >

'i.

Wit, ;

' i i;

Ixuh the Pfr/kgunt anil the /)«/<<• fhiHiM continue tlirir
Trulr whftc thry plralfi!, jmi liv ■ in mutiul IVarr. 'I hi»
Alliir \^.l^ in Anitiiio-i without coming to any Rdolutum
in the Y<4r ihjSi at whuh Timf Ailiniral M.itfhf rr-
Mrmd ti'initho !>iii'ti witli liviral Ship, I'hi* Admiral
luii \iu\ Sirj^c to M.ii'iuir, but \V4< dhlgeki tu brrak it up,
tit oniir to givf B.itili- to the Ptriuiurz/ Klcti, that came
ro rehc vf it \ h'iW(Vcr, hi hail (lin'.luilri! an A!!i.ii".ci' with
the Kn'!; v\ I I'^r. In the Year l^^^o, the C'umjuiiy
tint a viry txjrrt l*;!of, rallc! Hfiin flu.l'cn, will) a I ly-
|v,.ir, to linil cut a N<irth-ialU or North w, ll Talfj^'- to
Of».i, Init \\r reiurneil NMthoiif l-rmning hi» IVfign to
l-rar. At that Tmir thty henrd nothing trom the InJUs
fimi the Arrival ut Atiiiiiral M.tu.'tf, excrpt lonH' Aiivuc
by the W^y <it l.ugLnl, Init the next Sunumr, diir ol
thfir Ship* artivtvl wttli a larj'.c Ca'g'ie . they retTOited,
that the Spani^rdi v*ca- III!! pjllViV.i! vi f.rrjtf -, that the
Duiih\,A.\ malUnil Mubianoi the MclUiCa I.lar.cf*, anJ
that t'lrv hn^Kil in I'inie to jiolli Is thcnil'i Ivrs of Tfrn.iir.

I'hr I'ruic biinc conthKicil aiul priKlamird in the AV-
lt{rl,iH,L, thry rtUjvul that a Pir.nacc Ouiulil Ik Unt to
ihr t,/l-li,lifj, with a IM-piri Iriim tiic Km;; ol Sfai», ami
tSe ..r,l iu^a, to aiiiii.nnt the Sf<nfi,n,i.< ami tie Pii.'ib
With ih ■ Treaty : 'Ihi' l'n.i;i.'t was .n-cur.'r •(;!)• yvt in I X"-
lUtiin, aiul towarJ* the liul ot tlie Year, nine V'cflclj
wtre final tiit my'cr th" I ommand of Pnn- Hurh, |v>th
th'* Sramoii a:u! Suli'icri Uing iiljwril to clrry t.'uir
\Vivr« inA Ch;i.^rrn sL.nr; with them.

S, It may not Ixr anvIi to f.l'l iv-- h'^re, that ir wa> hy
this 'I'lU !, thi- WW RcjniKuck <-l the I'titrtf Ptc.inca
(a;:ir to bv owrrii fur a ii j^j! and ir/.'rpn'.'rnt State by all
the (^ov<rnmfnt< in t.urcf<f \ neithT was this Ni-jL/itatiun
ol icf* I'll in the In,',!', where t^i' A>.i(rfir./' atvl Portu
j;uez( had IxgU'i to r- c< vtr their Sj irif, and to I'lrtirjiinlli
t.nmAlvr« !y a vi(^;')p;'.:s HeLnre i:l what tlicy |oi!. ilid
in that I'-it of the NN urK', nj^iiiill tlv Atriinjits of ilic

Dun yuj» ^: Sti'vt, wlio (I, en commindid lur the King
{fSf-sii, ii. the I'ti.'i^yiKfi, was a Nohb nu:i <( luch Cuii-
rJj;.? and Co"i;ui.'t, that to Advat.ta^cj wcrr ti Ik- ga;i-.ej
while lie held tlir T.ovcrr.nK nt. I'Or havM {• recciv<il In-
trlligenoe, that a /J^.v/> AdmiMl, whole Name was /' (,'-
!fri, wa» a? Sea wiih a Squadron ot fi.ur Sail, and had
funk a Sfait-Jh (•alieon riclily laden from Cl:ra\ not con-
ter.trd with whirli, they were I'.'il cruiZirg for Ionic other
Shij-i ihat were ixinCtci! Iiom VJbmd ami 7''/*" •' '^"" 'J''i
refolvf'j to hazard his o'.'n L.ifc to rcrncvc the Hot our i.f
Sfam, a;.d to tree th'.fc S^as Ir^.m lUc''. unwcl. i;;ii." l."u- fl';.
It woi With thh View, tlut he eiiiliarked his > wn (luari'--,
and futli (ithrr Troops as were at Maivla, on B-urd luili
Vcfltis i: c»;uM t ;: i!rawii tr:;rthf;r en a ludi'.en, ard w.t!>
ihciji lie airaikid liic Du:,b Ad.miral with luth lury,
tfiai he made hui.rc!!' M.ilUr of thiee ot l,i>; lour Shi;.r>,
the Admiral iiinilt !f h,iv!;ij; his Head f.ik'n ciTl y a Can-
non-bail in iIr B ginnirg c,t t!;c lu pa;;; nu-nr, in which
he loft one lundicd and twfr:tyl"'ve Men. Tliis Battle
was fi.uglit on the 2 ;th of /1}rii luio, and tlie Spatiiiirds
frillowipjf thfir Blow, made themlclvcs Mailers of the
Ifland ol hdir, and lamc Ix-ture tlut ol ItrmtU, while
thr Inhabitants of the lilaiul of Retm'.a, inKjiirageii by
thcfrSuccffTts.rcvuilrdfrom t.'ic/^M,'.7-,aiu! ha v:r-g fur prized
their (icnera!, Pcur ll't^ham ytriiff, at fume Dillancc
Irom their lort, kiilid him, and all that were with him.

Admiral Paul l' an { jcrdci, who was rh<n i.i the Indies,
thought to put a Stop to ihtli- I'.vils by his I'rcl'cntr, and go-
ing on B;>ard a Slixjji, wahtwcrity-tive Men, | roirrded for
the Irtand of Hjnda -, hut Ixin^ attai kcd by a Spani'h \\ HVl
in h-s I'afTage, and his Crew hav; •; m'.itiiurd, he was ta-
ken I'rilor.er, and the Sp^niardi tiemandirg lor his Kan-
fum ilir IHard (it Mjikan, 30, (xo Dmats in Monty, and
half a Year's NNap/s hr the Manner*, he chofc rather to
Ix carrird to the Pb:!ipfint!, than lubmit to luch Condi-
tions, i h:'. happened on the 23th of yw.'v, in the- lame
Yiar, and it was this News that uvUkkI the dnipJiy to
lend lb llrong a H-i-t as that iKl'irr-mfniionrd, uriiicr the
Lomman.i ol Adn;ital Ptin licrfi: to the tcji In.lir..

'1 hey lik.-wili th<nip,l\t tit to Ici.d a liilemn An.baiVy to
the hn.p.rot ot "Japr.n, at the llrad of which were J,m/s
cfex, ar^d J''ifr ^■^irjcK, who, on tht juth ot Jupji,

KM, had an Audience ot the i;m|>f rot at Mr.uo, ami ob
taincd very adv uitaucous Teims from that Moiuah
mitwiihUanding all the Oppolition ijut toulj W mven
them by the .Sf,tm.irdi ami the Pcrtuj^utzt. But while
Ihmgs went on thus pmlprroully Abroavl, the l-.ijhln.
d,a ttxupany were not alin,.,thrr lue lu.m l)i(rHulti,i.a,.d
I).h(>ur4p.emcr'isai I iumc, osialioiud ihidly by thri „vit.
oufiul. of fimc Mir>li.in:s toiuemnl in tlmr Siotk, wiio
hid fallen into a I'laCticc t.l Jobbing, whuh was ait'emled
with many liin.nv. nieiuus to that the lioviiiimuit n,.
teiKnd tor the Rem.dy «>! ihrlr liiuvaiKc, w|,nh the
States (lencral rediclUd by a I'Uaul pubhlhul hiruaiy

J7. idlvi. ^

State

In Atjy ■(•II, the Company Knt out tour Ships niore
uniia the C'oiniiiand ol l..iuit)i,t Rati, whuh were toU

|,,tl<H.I l«* 1 ll>..a>i* C I..... >l . . .. . I' .

umur inc v oinnumi 01 i..tuumt httil, wliuhwere toU
luweil by a lliong S«|iiulioii that put to Sea Iron) tiic
1:xf.\ m the next Parii.';t, undei the Ceimijuiid ol .Jtm
AVtf.t A/jr/2, near the O;*- l,rd llanJn this .V]ii,u|ion
nut w,th kvcnticn S/'umjii Men ol War, wliuli lell u- ,,1,
them, but Wiie |o wa.mly umvtd, that only lour ut
iluiiiwerc Ml Ml aCondit on to i.iil Un Sf.',„ with th^
N;wsof (iiiir Sue I lis. \\ hen tli> Diiectoti. iimved Ad-
vice of a ibarii I'.niiav:! im ni. tliev temn ivul. tl.^r ,1 .

The Dividcndi nuilr by t!»,' Duub F^-hdia Uni-
)>4nyi Viz,

.'iHitc Dom.

f.r Ciitt.

T!ie Company being in lin h a tlourilliii'j; Coni'iti"n,
ttie next V>ar, v^. iiU;;, th, States iuineii in Itmuni/ 4
llioig Stjuidron 10 the Snuil- Stji, liy the Way ol the
.\i\(,'.'^» Sinighr, u|>(m the I'lolJKil ot lurpn'/.inj^ the
Sr.:'iiard>, aok\ wcakniii p, llaiii on that Side, alter \»liich
iluy niigl.t have an ejij I'airige to the JiUui. C.ije
r.in S/'iO'i-r^.ii was Admiul 111 tais bxpeditioii, ol whiih
we h..ve ijism a laigi Aicouiit in the lomur I'arr of tins
Wi'ik In ilu mean 1 ime, the War in the IiJuj toiui-
nued, where the ,s/w>«;jr,;j did all that in them lay to prc-
tirvc and t!) augnifi.c tl»iir CoiKjudls in the Mcliicdn,
which appeared to them ot the p,ieater Li>iilev|uener, t>c-
eaule ol till II Siiuaiiun wliiih was cxtieamly lavour.thlc
lot la urlng a ( ommunn itioii l>etween t.'ie L'olonics ami Set-
tlcm. ntsof til ii Ci,ui.:vyiiKn m the l:„jl M\dH'fjl Indus.

But the Dtttib Adihital l'(ii,t_^(>i, ixreeiving cLaily
that I) in JiuH Jt S'lha was under great UiiIkuIiks Iro.ii
the (je^iarnk that lo.iiimally aiole luwicn his O-iinn
and the y'er.Mj^'tt.:.', .,11,1 that the latter was extreanily
ba. kwaul in liiii'iii)', IVm yi«a« t!ie Succours that he e.\-
j>'i;cd, ho reli.lv.d lilt niij 'Oil to Uy hold ol this Uppor-
tuiiiy of ctulliii.g the Sf.inijh Strength, and having litted
out a loiiliderabli Squ.idtoti, he (lui/ed on the Cuall of
.\/j.'.ii-iJ for the /'i)'/«);«ia(f Cialleons, that wcie gcii.';g to
the Adillamc ol Don Ju.m U ShVii. I hey w^re tour in
Number, ar I li.i I a lonliderable Bi iy ol liooj s on

,i>oel

an:, tut .\uiini.il I ,u.:^fH ncV( rti.ckh gave a
.\<iount (I theiii .dl , lot the laijV ll he liiiik, witli ail liiac
wen- un Biaid hci, nuile hiiiil II Mailer of the l-eond
with all bei l'|uiiMj;e, and lottnl the other two on Snore
Willi very httic I i.K to thcmlclses. 'I his News was
brought to //(//.'uf./ by a Meet ol tour Ships ra.'ily laeien
with Spites, and other Lon.moJitn.s, to ih Value of

three

41 Mr.i,o, Jiulob-
in iliai Monjicli,

I4t KAlLI Im I^IVin

ii^utzt. But whili:
ii>.ul, ilu- hijhln-
toni Dirtuiiltuiiiid
liK-llyliyil,.i,»vit-
i» tliiK Simk, wi.u
*linh was altimleil
ii- lioViiiiriKut in-
vaiutA, *liich tlic
|iul)lilUitl liliuay-j

lit lour Ships more,

i/, wimli Wire tol-

t iK Sea Irom the

Dinnuiivt (it .Jrian

iJ» I tlin .s>]ii,iilion

.»r, wI\h{| Itll ii[(,ii

llut (iiiiy lour ot

Inr ,7 ■,•■» with tin;

(.Cltf:. ruiivii! A.!-

.iiinivn!, th-t II.. ,r

lbiii.i|V', aiul III oi-

ihvr Min>< tlic ncxc

: li> ixtiiilivc, that
lut I ii 1^,1.1, ih.u III
L>1 «.iii twiiity Uv 11
miinuiiii til l(.V(i.il
/•/...••I.

Sui.rl', wc nccldii.
i[; I. Ill ol till- Divi-
laUul ci^ht Vc.is.

- 15

- 7.1

- 40

Chap. 11. Eflahliflomcnt oj the Dutch Eaft-India Dw^r///)'. 9:9

— CO

,■ /.•/ dnt.

r- >7 J

iitilliii'n Condition,
)LtiiK-ii in Itiuung a
ly tlic \\ ay ol (In:
I nt liiipti/iii^ the
1,11 hull-, alter wljch
the InAiti. C~irge
X[).\litUin, ol whkii
loiiiur I'ar: ot tins
iM ihi- IiiJitJ I'./iui-
III thim lay ri> pic-
U ID the i\Ulu<(iis,
t Loiilaiotni.', ic-
xtuamly tavour.ililc
ic C'lilonicsaiul Sct-
/ MxMI'fjl Indies.
jKKi iviii^ civaily
It UiiiKulius IruiU
twicn Ills O.iiiiTJ
,iur was ixtrcanily
uiiuurs tliat lie ix-
loKl ot this Oi'i or-
!i, aiul havii'K isutJ
A on the Luall ot
that wcK- miing to
i hry W; re tour m
i.ly ol l iiiui 1 01
l.clcli jjavc a t;i>oi.l
liiiik, Willi ail ilsat
,ilUr ot the l.iond
uthcr two on Snore

i lilt NcW4 W.1!i

Shijis rii-hly Uilt--"

t,,, ih- Value el

tiiicc

thru- Millions of Piuatu, wliiili Ihwll Fleit arrivctl in the
IVloiit'i ol i''/'/'"'^<''i I <)!<), and loon after the Company
fciiivi.l the af.i^eablc News that the Kinj^ ol Ttinate,
an 1 the Englilh Itttleil in Ins Ccuintry, had ioincil the
/)//,( A, ami had obhj^rd thr Spaniards to ahaiulon all tlii;
I'Liif. ol wliidi tlicy were Mailers in the M'tiiCdU, liy
wiiieli tiiat Nation was i ntirely driven out ot the Spitf
I rai'.e, tor whu'i ihty had lirtiierly llrui',[ilcd lu warmly
Willi ih" I'ortuiiiczc

t). I lie Yiar U larp this roiiic Merchants, among
whom were Ijtiai k Minre, made the grcatefl l-'ii'iiie, cii-
tleavoiiied to lupplant the Company, and ilraw tiniic I'art
ol their Commerer into their own 1 laii'K, wiiii this View ■,
tluy relolvcd to liaich lor another Pallaije to the Soutb-
.V,,7, than that of the Mitgel/.tn Sireights, and lor that
I'lii', llttted out two Ships in /f/if 1O15, iiiulir the Com-
ir.aad i)f Cciiu-lius II illiam SdcuUti, and 'Jiiniis It Main.
Ii I'il'iil, th'ile Commanders touiul out a I'alla^je to the
i^u.ithwaid ot tiie .Streij;;ht ot AlagrlLiH, whidi ilry eall-

there was no ro<k1 Hrjlbn why llio Sfatrs lliooM Imvp
aUiridoiicd it, or iiiould it hiV eiuiuirancil the Irtiini^

ii|) a new Company, 1 '»

this new Trade womlii

do not prorpcr.thiey th

vatc I'crfons, and none a 1 u> lit

thrive and turn to Rood i\ - omit, titcy n

immenll' Uiches to iueli as .1 e aiiKcmeil 1

ullb a mighty Advantage' ti the Puhluk

r lo have made 11 I'rlil <>t what

prcKluced \ lor it new I'mtlei

nri

the]

only pru.liieu

lirm.l'iir prove

If IV w Itiidrti

Illy H ^rmpomiy I t)U til
v'atcn p> "iirt'a% il they

el'p'tially under luth a ( mv rnmeiif ai 1 U ol Ho'
luiny new i'cople, and mtreale the Sutiji.i, ot tS"
that cncoiiraKts tiiem, tor Wealth is a |Hiwrrliil '
tivc i and where Men are lure to be rich ttml free,
will never be any Want of IVoplB.

But the Dutch L'ljl-India Company hrjr^an nnw f'>
their own Strength, and, like all oilier Compaiiu't, nio^^ndcd
to nothing but the promoting their own l'iiw>r, whieli
indueed them, alxjut tliii I'linc, to i'n(.',agc' in th ■ War of
'Java, where they had not only the Natives ol liial Coun

..t<
«.rc

led

I. \ It Main Stuight. By that I'allaj'.e tluy eiiti rod the try, but the /•.'/;;///?> alio to ileal with i ami by drgrres, and

S:u:ii-St-i, and failed as tar as the M/iintis; Lut when
th(y t.unc to Batazii, their Ships were llujipM ani! li-
i|ui lliai'il, upon the I'lrtuuc their yoinj/, upon an I'.xpe.
d.iMii loinaiy to tlie I'atetit {;iven to the Comp.iiiy I y
the States. At th, it lime the (.'onip.iiiy lullaiiud j'jeat
IaiII's, anl ih. ir'l'radc was mueh iii)[)aiiid by the .M'.ans
of foiiie I'owvli rs that were impurted, and mixed with
th- Spi'es by the tctale Mereliants : This the Loiiipany
repr. I 'ucil to thj Statis, and thereupon a I'laeaid was il-
lii.il, f'T preViiitiag the like Alnili's tor the luturc.

Ill Ji'h- ifii/, (iicr^t' Ian i>i'ilb:rj!^cn returned to //«/-
/,?«,/, attt r t.vo V( ars Ablence, in whieh he t.iil.d round
the World. Ccniiltus ll'illiaia SiiouUn, and jfanits Ic
M.iire, who had Ii t out !or UoHaiid the lame Yi ar with
liiiiilelt, retunu'd (Ui Ho.ird ol him, hut 'James le Maire
dii.l l>y ihe Way, on the zi\.\ of the puceiiin^ December.
The St.ites pirc. ived, th.it limine I'otentates wire alarmet.1
with tlie t ompaiiy's I'mfpenty, and did their utmoll to
oppofc it, particulaily by iiivi Idling their bell and ablcll
Siamen, and drawing them otl from their Service. L'p-
on this Apiuelicnrion, the States publilli'd an I'.diifl, by
wliich the l)elertion of Seamen was exprefsly prohibited.
Ill the Year 16 iS, and iOi<), the Company had very
[;ood Fortune, for they rect i\m1 from tlie Indies, at Ii ve-
lal riir.cs, ten Ships witli r,. h Cargoes, valued at lix or
fevni Millions. I'iiis new I'nyrtis iiilpired the:n with
fK(]i Ciur.ige, not only in relillmg the Spaniards, hut in
CuiKuting their Ivuin by Way ot Kepri/.al. This Work
was I arricil a great Way by the Diligence and AiVei'^ioii
of I.iurnne Re.tl, a very knowing and prudent Man.
T 1- (ientleman ferved nine Yeais in the Indies, where the
Corr.pany hoiioui..! iuin with the moll conllderablc I'otl,
aiii'. ihm ho rctuninl to lloHand, A. D. 1(120.

The Ue.uler iiiiill oblerve, tliat all thcle l''ac1s are ta-
ken trom thf Duu'v I lillorians, ai.d placed in that l.ii^ht
ill wliich they repnlliit them, btiaule it would take up a
p.re.it deal of Riioin, aiul oblige vis to r'|ieat many Things
liiat have lioen laid betiire, if we Ihinild lalniur to correct

tluir ohilinately perfitling in their l)eli)vi, they otfenann;
both, though not with(;ut great Dilliculiy and Ihiu' ToIv,
which however was abiind.iiiily repined by the Ueihn;-
tioii of Jaiiiira, and the tetthng tin ir now I olo ly at III-
tavia, winch was done in ioii), ihi'-ily by ilir (<ii:it A'-
lillance which the St.itc-Cieiural allordod lo ilvii J\Jll-
India Company, while ours was llighted and iii'glni. .| by
th;: (iovcrnmcnt here, ritli.r from a Want o| kiiowhijj
the Import.incc ol ih.it Lommerce, 01 tiom ,1 W.uu ot*
I'ower to atl'ord tlf Ailitlaiice neiellary in «al''; ili' y had »
jull ;\[)prehenlion of tlie Value ol thai I'l.i le : Hot, how-
ever it was, moll cert iinly th- l'.ll.ib!i(linitiit «>f Hatavia
proved the Balls ol ti;ch a ^^lwer la the Juj'liuliff, anil
gave the Conij .my luch an Oppoitimify ol dilpoliii;* all
her lactoriesand S. tihnu iit ., in ,in Oi.lirfi ni'.iee.ible in
that (irivernment wliuh tlie cllabhilicil in this new Capnal,
that we may Irom thence d.ite hei Aii|ijili[ioii ot iliit Imii-
pire in the Indies, which not only rendfis her luperior to
all the trading Companies in the VVorld, but in point uf
I'ower, Riches, and Dominion, very liitle, it' at all, inte-
rior to the Dulcl' Republiik itlelf,

They began likewile, about this Time, to rxioiul their
Alliances in that I'art of the Wiiild, iiiitl to mat with ihi;
Indian Princes in every RelpeCl as Suverfiij;i\s i .ippuitit-
iiig at the f.imetimcOdic.rs, who li.i I not iinly the Titles of'
(Jencrals, Commanders in Lliiel, Admiials, CioVeriior«, luu!
Ilich like, but had alio the i'uwer, and were ell' dually
fuch as ihefe Commiirions I'puke them to be v and weie,
at the fame time allowed ludi Salaries, and iiivelled with
fuch Authority as did not leem either vciy aomalile to
their Dependency upon the Republuk, or lonlilbnt witl>
the Modelly and Frugality ot the /)«.'<Vi Cjoviiiiiiieiit at
home. This, the Stat.s however weie 1011(1 lit to over*
look, Ixcaufe, that fuch as h.ul the Diiedion ol iho Com-
pany's AlVairs, pretendcil that thcle I'lil. s, RrveiiiK s, and
Commani'.s, were abliilutely ivquillie in tin l.tlbm I'art
of the World, to prcferve the Reljud and Olievli. me of
the Natives of thole Countries, who were to be wrou'^ht

liidi Deviations from 'Tiutli, as from a Propenlity towanls u|H)n only by the Sjilcndor ol Drets, l''ij'iipagf, and Such

ni.igniiying the Power of the Lajl-India Company, thele like exterior Marks of Superiority. 'The I unit however

Writers have now and then thought fit to nuke. teems to be, that the Common- Wealth I'aiiy in Ihl'anJ,

Hut with regard to //.wc /^ AAnr^ it may not be amifs paying a very uinvilling Obedience to their Siadiholdris

for us to note, that we do not at all depart from the of the Houfe oi Orange, were not a liiric ple.Ue.l lobe

Jiidgmmt alie.uly given, concerning this Expedition, in
the llillniy ot the Cirrumnavigators, but merely infert
this, to Ihcw in what Light the Du:ch Authors would
Iravc us confider this Point, out of regard to their Kajt-
Indi.i Company. One Ol)ti.-rv.ition we Hull take Ixave
til mal-c by the Way, which ik this, that the Treatment
p;ven to thele .Ailveiuurers, has, in all I'robability, been
lullicieiitly puiiillied by its Conlequenccs ; all that rich
Trade that might have been derived from the Dilcoverics,
and I lie Purluit of tlic Dikovenes of Ix Aiaire, has licen
totally loll by Neglect, which perhaps has ilone as much

hold a kind of new Republick riling in ihe /«//.',r, iiKlc-
pendcnt of thele Princes, and where tlieir K'-| itionH mi<;lit
be lent to acquire Tortunes, to learn I'miciples, .ml .-jc*
cullom themfelves to the Dilcluige ol piiliin k l,)tliec«,
without being immediately under the Dirivlioii nt ihetc
St.idtliolders who, by the Nccell.tiesot State, wctc placcj
at the Head of the (joveniineiii at home.

Y'et the Ciovernor, General, and other piincipal OHicrrs,
always adcd under the I'lince ot ()r,i>r.^t's I o'limiHion at
Stadt-Holder, and in moll Part ol the Jii,ii,s iiiip.iuiicil
his Power, making the Indian Mon.irchs lifheve t'l.ir he

D.mui'.e to tlic Duui, as their I'.ajl- India Company lias w.is a King, nay, and one ol the greatell Riiij^s m huropt.

<: .IK ilieiu (iood. Ot ihi-, 'J. i>n dc II' Il w:is dvi.irt', and But this wasonly to ferve their own Piiipoles, and lo evicnd

h.is very wil'eiy remarked, that tlio' the i'url'uit of fuch a their Power the better ; for the Directois ol the C oitipany

C<immeice might have been beyond the Strength and continued to adminlller its Aftairs in a manner iiide|ii'iuient

Power ol the Liiji- India Company aC that Tune, yet yf the Government of Hdlund, and only iiia.le uli' of
N u M B. 6j. .Ill) ilwft

> V

y;,o

AfucduFI Hljhry of the Kifc^ l^togreji^ ami |i(K)k I.

vhi'- '

ii'

ipf

jfc

•n

iWli OmimilTions Iwcaiilc ihry couKl not wtll ilo tluir
Uufirul^ Mitiioiii ihrm.

Two I'hing* el'iJccully contriluitrj to ihcir (irtmli-ur,
ami (<< tlmrnuirf rnioymn a I'owc r ul luv h rxirava^^ani
I XtctH. ri»c tiill Wi\ ill.- lai^uint ami Ihvil.ors lh*t
i(ij,n*d at Jlut I'ltiK Ml IIIUhJ, whuh lo ixiupicd tlir
Care ot the (t^virtinui.t, 0\M iluy were thr Iris alilr to
lutiA a'oroad i lor it w..^ at tlii< juncturr that thoti- Trdti-
l'U» lupj'ciirJ, which coll H.imivtldt hi« l.iti, and the
IJinovu C>riiiu> and othrr wntthy M^•mbrr^ ol tlir State,
4 trdiuus laijvilonmrnt. The (iiond Cauli- was. the vail
Kuhc» whuh l!.m»d in from I'lC l.-ijl /»,./m I radr, and
wh.ch wftr ividtntJy t>l l>ih jtixIujuuh Bemlit to the
l)u!>i N-ttiori i:^ iieniru!. a» rnulrua it vciv iin|iro|HT to
lake .Jii.. MialurrN Hj .iblc o' leffi'turg the liitacll or Aii-
thuiiiy til i!iat Loini-any, l>y whi.h the I rade mas ma-
nagvd, tfom whithluch niigh.ty I'rotit* aiirucd. Bcluh*,
It i» iH)t at all impn)!»al'Ir, tlut Ixth I'aitiw hid their
Views \\\-nm thi* Conijaity, aii.l wire in ht)pr*ol turninf^
that Iiulu't{i.nif winch was ihmn it in th' ir own Advanta^r ,
niori ifcuully IxrcauU- the IVrm panted |iy their Char-
ter wa". ilrawiog toward* a CloU, when it mi^'.lit have \xrn
pracLialiU Id have niven it a n( w 1 1 rni, an.l to havo n-
medieil ail t!u>l'c liiiotiveiurncir*, whish, lor paitiiiiiar
Rrallms and jTriups liom private .imi very ditVercnt
Views had Ucii hitheito palliil hv an.! ovcr-ltHjke.l :
But, as »e fliaii lie hcrealur Urtli i'attes in the Diiub
IJovrri ment *ere niillaktii in tlinr t onjeCtiires, and the
Company, inllr.i! ol loliup, or alating any Part ol her
I'owcr!. if Privileges, aciiuiuni ihil ^trater, and mon ex-
tcnl'iv;, hy ti.e new Charter whuh Ihe olitained, as i»
uktaiiy ilic C.ife in CiHu.inrs when.- CJp[)olit.tins prevail-,
and the liovifmnint, whatrvir its horni may Ix-, is not
at I.il)eriy to iHirluc luch Mcalures as are mull cunrillcnt
wiih h'.r I-.irtc!l.

B>.: to riiurnlrom thefe Rerectioj'* to the Thread olour
I Iiiloiy, a» It 14 taken li 'ii liic I'^uttb Writen. Ihe va(l
l»i;;ccls sshivh attended th:* Comjany in all its I'niiertak-
jiips, !s> raik\l the Spirits, and cxaitrd the Ho}>rs ol the
States, t'ut th:y at length Ixrgan to think ol doubling thcle
Ai'.vai.tj;;.', l.y irtct.n[.' a new Company, with thf lame
Towtrol ira ling to tiV H^'iti In.iui, which thii C'om|Mi y
enjoyed in trading to the /-■{//. Hut though this was .i |*ro-
|cC( 1>-Hh rcalonal>lc in iildt, and which hait all the Coiin-
tenai.ce t!ir (if)Vi-rnour louid j;;vc it, yrt l>eing Ti rrtly op-
polid by the l.r.jl-liutJ Comjuny, it »crt on liit htavih,
and they were toned t-) make l.vcr.i! Alterations in the
Charta, inlorc the Capital ol this new Coinjiany, which
conlilted ol 7,ico,tsoo Ijvres, lool 1 Ik- male up -, and
the State iikew'fc prclented the mw Comtuny with three
laigc tine Siiips t\]ija';ly tit fur I'lailc and War.

Bjt while lo initch C'aie »as taking ot the younger
Child o! the Rrpublick, the elder was ytry well able to
go alone i and there wanted ri'K Ibmc wIki were lor hur-
r)int;at t(*) great a |>aie, .inii frmimg lin h Numbc-rs »il
Ships to tlie huiia, as it I'lC Duub had not Ibught the
ComnKnc Injt t.'ic Conq'.irll ol .-ffin, in which hosvt ver
they Wire checked, ami all 'l'ning% kfj>t within due
Botmils -, whith however it inght dilplealc atLurary Spi.
tits, was ceiiainly rij;ht in itu:. main.

AlxiUt iliisl ime theAlnifes and unwarrantable I'raifticei
rebtirg to the Salt- ol the Action* or Stock ol the Company,
bepan to r-.vive -, ujx>ii which the State» l<>ond theinlclves
obi.-g'd to renew the Placard ol itio, with a few Amend-
tneoLs luitablc to the CirtiiinlUnccs ol tlie I'line. In the
Year 1621, the Ship called (jetdt Iretie, aaived \n7.ea-
iunJ, havii g ((n Iward hvc Children ot Kings or I'rinces,
in otvlcr to tli:ir t^iucation, in the l'roVIncr^, anil Inllruc-
tion in the Chrillun Kcligion, piirliiant to the IVnor of the
Inciters tiut were written to the Prince upon that Subjei^l.
In itbruiry lUii.. two Ships morr came honu- with rii h
Carg(xs; they brought At'.vicc that the /*.//(i* Irade llou-
rilhcd Ibil, liiit i!.ey continue*! to wage war *ith the Peo-
ple ot lianlnm m 'Java, antl with the .■ifani^r.t. \n the Mo
tuna a.-id Manila iilands, and that thty had already (K)!'-
lellcil thenilclvcs ol thi- liland <jt liaiiaa. Soon alter there
arnvril three more, with Advice that the l.ill Ships that
went out ii.i.l ariived laic 1:1 tlic ludin in It'lir Monthi
ii;.i liiiec 1)a;% Sailing.

ID The C'oinpany'i Patdit rtpireil thi^ very Vear mj
iMf, and a PilVerrnte arole In-twren the Dirii'tors anj
Subliiibers, that might have exfemird to a gieat lldi'lit
It the States ha^l n«it interiioUil. Thile w;le Malutnrl
ap|<<aleil all by tluir I'tuihnce. Ihe |)iii,'tors Airount>
were catted l.ir, and putluant to the Mraliires o| huiity
and Krali)n, a Divuleml ol ; -; frr Cftil. was allotted to tlie
SubliriKrs, anil raid them in Clove*, Alter that ilr?
Company obtained a new Patent lor twenty one Vi.ir
commem ing Irom loaj. Hy Virtue of the Renewal i/f
the Patent, the Company had ihe Sati faction to In- four
Slii|>s III Illy liden, tetiirn in OUfhir. The nitfc
rencr |)rtwien the Fngli/h and Dutch that h.id Lin l>
long in Sulj>ence, was then an (imincKt.ited upon the Pay-
nunt of NiH'.^ I o l.ivre^ by the Dulit to the Englijl.:

The inliniti* Advantages that rrdounded to the- Crun-
try by the erecting of this C ompony, could not diiruade
the I-'nvioiis liom thwarting it to a lUniiig IVgree : in
remedy tins, and pn vent the other Inconvinicm-us that
might happ n, the States thought lit on Mjrib 1 ), lO: ;,
to add new C laul! s to ihcir new Patent, alter thV Pilfu-
very of .1 nesv PalTige to the Pan/ic .Vcrj, made by 'J.imn
If Slvrt. Their I ligh Mip,htineni-s, in ConiuiiAion with
the Comjuny, ramc to a Relohitnn to lend another lining
Squadron that Way to the InJus, in order to luin their
Knemies. I'his lleit let Cut in .tp^il, uiu! r the Com-
mand ot J.vnfs I'llnmite, but, Ixlorr thiir IVpartU'r,
two Ships and a Vatch let out lor the Imlia by the com
mon C ourfe. 'I'he next May two Shiiis came home, and
louiid a Very giK^i Market. The Aljufrs m the Sale ut
Ad ion* obliged the Slater to revive a third Time their
P'a.jr.i ujvin that Head.

In Sipitrnhn 'J-bn Vttn Cen arrived at (lurie »it!i
four SSlp^ on the Company's Account, and a tilth, wlmh
had lUaj.'gled from them by the Way, arrived the ir xt
NtVftuhr. At ihat time a Handful of Meichantslwiv^lit
up, at one Sale, all the Company's Pcpjx-r, the i^Jiianiity
r.f s^hieh am<uinted to ii^.i.vio Bates, and the Sum which
they paid for it amounted to 4,500,0(50 l.ivres, sshich
wasiertainlv a very remarkable Thing. In A/l;v i''),
the Utts Yatf h rettirnni, havmf^ '(i\\T\\ to Haia-.u an,l
home again in the Sjiare of nine Months and Kvm lUyi,
'I'heir iiitelligfn'.e iin|)ortrd, that all rh"ir,s went well ir\
that Country, excepting that t!ie bng-iP' had railed lonie
Commotions at .•/•i*"vi»<t, in.t the Dunh ulril tlieirtitPK li
I-'.lVoris to hinder the Sf.ininrJj to trade in Cbifi.:, and
ho|)ed for Succefs ; that three or four Ships weie takinj; u\
their I.iding in ordi-r to come Iwnie ; accordingly ilirer
homrw-ard-lxHind Shijn arrivtd the wxt SffltmLr -, an>l
in ,V/.Jv ti>i-, another, called the l/ei<JJ,n, .irrived Ironi
Sitr.ti, which gave .Advice that tlieir AlV.itrs wtre in a
ptetty g'Hxl PolUirr ;it Ormuz, and in the n(iphU)uring
Countries, Irom whence three Shijn more returned the
next Spring. The Sdecnhcven, an outward Ixiund. Slup
for the India, met with a violent Sturm on the Coall ot
Spam, and was calf away olV St.yaj;c, wlierc twenty lix
ol the Men were lavrd, aiul canied to Sp.tin.

Ihis Afflidion was alleviated by the Arrival of two
Ship Irom Sural in Fehuary i6;6, and two more f>ioM
after, luving on K>anl an |-'.mbafl'ador from the King ot
I'f'Ji.i. I'hey brouglit the News ot the Victory obtamcl
over the Pcnupitzf, and of the grrat Commotion in .s'..r.;/,
cKcafioned by the King's Son taking up Arms.igainll Un
Father, inlbmuch that Iwth Armies were in the licU
when the Ships came oH'. Upon this lutilligence tin)
fitted out a Scjuadron ol nine Ships, bound tor that Coun-
try, under the Command ol ti'yhranJl, who lought 16
bravely at Sem Leant with Camfarn the Pirate. In Jun:
two Ship of 'Jamei /' Htrmite\ Squadron came lumic,
and l)eforc the Vear was out, a Ship rt turned Irom C.ro-
ntandel. It was in this Meet, that the famous Manner,
K'tltiam Tftirantz Bcni(bo( returned liilc to his rutivc Coun-
try, whole Adventures, though related by himlclt with
all the Pl.iinnefs and Simplicity becomiiif^ Ins Condition,
yet were long held abloluiely beyond the Powt; it Belirt,
tilt, by a carelul and llrift tmjuiry, every CiicuiVillance
was verified.

It IS tiue, that a Thing of this Nature do< . rot fce;n u
fail lo immediately u;ider thej'rcicnt Section, but, uiu'oulit-

lkK)k I.

Chap. II. h'.j},d>ii^-m€nt of the Duuh Eait-India Company. 931

\\\\ vrry Yrjr, v{%.

' '" » !'."•» Il»i|.||f,
l"i^ ^M Ma|,4,„r,
Piiii'lon A(rount%
Mrjdirn III Finmy
' wav allottcilt.dlie

••'• Alter that 11,4

r twrnty-onc Ye .if,
"f Ihr Kfnrw4l of

It' toiftion to In- lour

''■^^r 'IIk- D.irr.

'*' that h.ul lain ii
it( il uiMm thf I'iy.

. /• f'> thr Ei^UP'.

" 'ifil to thf Conn-
. t fiiilj not (liilimir

Iniotiviniciicifi ||)4(
on.W.* im6j ;,
tnit, alfi-i ilw Piico.
.^V.*, mJilc hy 7,j««
, ui I oniimrtion with

lifiil anothrr llmng
11 (irvlrr in luin t|,cir
r//, uiulr thf Com-
lorr th(ir IVpartiPc,
le India by the com-
fiijn cainc h(imr, jnil
AlMifM in the Sale o|
; a thinl Time their

ivcil at Cvintt wii'i
r, ami a lilih, w|ii,)i
ly, airiviil ihi- 1, xt

01 Mmliainslwii'^lit
Pcjtpcr, tlif (>iuimty
, and the Sum uhich
o.poo l.ivrcv, uhiiii
iiMj;. In Miy K ..,,
lai!fil to bata\Uix\\
inths an>t Kvm Pays.
II fh"iRs went wtll in
ni'.ili: liJil railcii loiiie
Htik iiirii tlirir titnioft
I rratic in T/'/x.;, anj
r Shi|i<. wen- taking :n
ic i attdnfin^'y t!ircr

iii-xt S(p'.(mb<r \ anJ
Ifujdcn, arriveJ Irom
eir Affa!r^ wtrr in j

ifi the nciphlxmrini^
>5 more rctutncl the

(iiitwan! Kiuiil Slnj)
itorm fill tilt Coail (it
,;'«', w.'urc twenty- lix
to Sfktin.

y the Arrival of two
, and two more fjon
lor from the Kmg oi

the Victory obtamcil

Commotion in Sural,
; lip Arms agaiiill Ins
•s were in the lieU
:liis liit!!lij;rn(.T tin)
hound I'lr that Coun-
a»itl, >^ho lought lo

the I'lratc. In Jun:
quaiiron came home,
I rtturncd Irom Cus-
fhe famtHis Manner,
lie to his native Coun-
ittd Ijy hiriiklt witli
oniirii 111'! Ci nilitioii,
I the I'owr; ol Belirt,
', every Cucunillancc

turc d<x . rot fcem tJ
Jei'liun, t.'Ut, uiu'oubt-

eJ'v,

filly, it han a vrry Oi\fl H<U\i-r\tn |lic Riifincli of ihii
C'illii:ti'>n, and ilirrdorc I Ihall p;ivf m rleai un Airnunt
ul thii MmS Mnlortune^, ai 11 |'oHil>h', mid in 41 lew
W'or.^as I r.\n.

lyiltmm Hetilfktf, Native of the Town of A/«r»f, lailrd
on the iStli of Stplmbtr, |6|>*, Irom tli- ri.xi/, lor the
Inditu "II '"'aril a Wllel ot cl(V<n Imndrol Ion*, hav-
in^ two hundred and ll.x Men on Iviard, in C'lmpany with
two .Shi|)s ot a liiullcr Si/.c. Tlic l)ltli(^lltlr^ \w met witli
N (;an very early \ lor Inin;', lijHiraii-d Irom the rdl ol hit
S<|iiadron liy a vinlent Storm, whuh lalKil lur Itveral
Payt, hf iherrin nuiiirrd Itnh llirdl}ii|«, and ran ihro'
luili Vanity ol l).in(.vrt, that nrithrr liimlill nor any ol
the eKi)erirncrd S<ani< n In hj»d on lH)ard, expefted to el-
cape". At length, however, the Vjoicrue ol the IVmixlb
abated, and thry loimdthemltlveH in thcSiri'i|',ht"iol A'awi/^i,
where they met with another Aecidrnc ((ill more terrible i
fur one of thr Crew gouig "lown to pump, at the I imc
time thu the Steward went 1 draw Brafuly, it lell out un-
luckily, that thr lornirr lui 1 Candle in hit I land, out of
which a Spark flew into the bftle I lolc wlneli the Steward
had picncd in the Brandy-Calk, and that tonlequently
f(X)k Fire. Thr Cainain, liwn appriled of tho Accident,
ran down and ordt red them to throw Water uixjn the
I afk, whiih, in thnr Confufion, they roiled down into
the l*ta<c whrre their Smith kept lii>> Coals j but, howe-
ver, the Water i'-rmed to have piit out the lire : Hut ni
abeait halt an Hour tiny wire fatally eonv.nccd, that ti.e
Coalt l)einp Cfjvrnd with the llamiiig Hrani!y, had taken
Fire, In thii Dillals, they eontinueJ to throw (;reat
Quantities ol Wafer ujon the ( baU, in Iuuks of rxtin-
RiiifhiiiK them, Irom whence n new I'.vilarolei the lui-
phmrrni- Smoah of flic Coals coming up throiij.',li the Scut-
tles 111 lu(h thuk Clouds, tliat they were not able to lee
wh.it thry were doiiij; \ and, whii li was worle, they were
lo liilViKated thereby, that they were no longer able to
mind what they were about.

In tilts nillrcfs thry were conftrained to Ihut the .Scut-
tles, and to make I lolcs in the Ship's Sides, thro' which,
by the Help ot Canes, thry continued to unir Water.
( ai't.iin Bititfhe f()rc-leeinir, that their greatelt Ihnj/.r Jay
in the 1 ire reaching the Powder- nnMii, lent lor the Suf^>cr-
• arpo, without whole Conlint he coukl do nothing,
iiiid endeavoured to perluade him to conlint that the
I'owder Ihtnild be thrown over- board \ but he was not
to Ix- moved, alledging, that if thry threw over tiie
I'owder, and (hoiild atterwards be att.icked, tho' by a
\ eflVI ever fo miK h interior to them in Strength, they
mull he obliged to Ibike, without nuking any Dctence.
By this Man's C>tillin.icy, tluy were left in this dreadlul
I ondition, fiuctuaiing between Hop;' and IX'I'pair, the
1-ire ai'pi.iring fometimes, and lomrtimes was Ii) little to
hr drthii'r^uilhed, that they h.ul Keafun to think it had
been rnit. H;it alas' they were liMn (onvinced of their
Miilakr, lor the Coal', lying at r.o i;reat Dilhince from a
Tir;- ot Kuts, filled with t)il •, the l-iie very U»on icachcil
thtm, and then the Crew brgaii abfolutely to defpair.
'i lieir Cale indeed was inifrrabk, beyond Delcription, for
tfiey were out of Si;.;l.t ot i.aiul, t!ic rolling Otean on
eviry Siiie, nnd the I'lie iminediately under them. It lb
haiUKiiril, ili.it their Sha'lop had been lor fome lime in
'low, and to make Room for the Men to bring VNater
to put out the Fire-, tliey had likewife heaved our the
l.on", h0.1t. The Crow obferving this rtiiiji'd Itniie to
the lorc-callle, and lome into the (Jalleries, tnmi whence
tliry dropped into t!ie S>a, ami then Iwam on H.iard the
Sli.illo|-, or lio.ir i lo that wliiL- the Captain was uCiig Ins
i!f!ir)ll Krdi-.ivours to prtlervc the Siup, he h;!l a great
I'art ot his M( n.

When he I'lli ovcred this he endeavounil to get them
on Hoard a(';aiii 1 but tindiiu' that iiiipollible, he made all
the Sail lieio'ildto i oiiie up with them, and while he
was doin;'; the., the fasal Blow wiiii.li he ex|iv:hd, took
I'lare, tl.at is to lay, the Ship blew up, and he was
thn>wn Irom the Q^iaiter deck with two giear Wound.s 111
his Htad, his lioily lialt feorched, and his Legs ami
Arms lo liiiiiled, that he coiiLi hai.ilv move them. How-

tvi r, his being to fu.idi i.ly

into the Water,

bigiij^^hi him to Ins Scnlc^ -, lo that Iccing the Mainmalt of
4

the Ship nrar him, Ir with tniuli ado got upon it, and
hy the Help of two Hoards, kept liimUil lloating till li«
was tak'n up by the Shallop with much I)illi«ulty. Il
U.IS by this Time Night, and though the Captain, at
lixin Is he came on itoaril, advilid them to keep as near
the Wreck as they ititild, yef they kept rowing all Night
long, as it thry had been lure of making l.ind. Bu(
whi n the Day broke, and they law neither Shore mM Ship,
thry tame to the Captain, bcleeciiing liim to till th' lit
what th( y (Iviuld do. They were without Sails, without
CiimpaN, without Water, and had not above fevcn or
right I'ound ol Hilket, but wrre llill rowing as hard as if
they had been within Sight of Shore. The Captain ex-
horted tlirm fo Courage and Olnrdience, and in the lirll
I'lare made a Review of them, by which it appeared,
that there were torty-fix in the Sh.illop, and tweniy-lix in
the I.ong-tx>at. I le aiiviled them to lay alidc their Oars,
as ft rviiig (inly to weaken them, and bid them make iilc
ol .Sails. I hry alked where thry were to be hid, the
Capt.iiri replied, tliar "-very Man mull pull oniiis Shirt, that
by lowing them toga!\'-r, they might make f good Sai!i
as thry irxild. It w.is then objected, that they h.ul not
rither Needle or Thread, but the Captain taught them to
liipply the lirlf with .Nails 'i^d the latter by untwiihng
the kop'.s. Whde tluy were a? work upon the Sails, !ic
employul the Caipenter in making a Jacob's, StalV, loi"
lakin;', Obfervatuois \ and tho' he w.i.s lo ill, that he could
not lit up, yet he n<.ide lliilt to draw a Compal's, and a
I li.irt, m whuh he laid down the IllanUs ot Huinaim, Jj'
-jii, ar.d the Streig'its ol Sunda,

While they were thus at Sea, thry got fome Mrvtt
and fome Flying-liili, 4nd when it rained, they colleCteJ
the Water in their Sails, and prclervcd it in two or three
Cilk";. But iiotwithllanding all this, they were in a Fort-
ninht's Time driven to fuch Neceinties, that it was with
great UilTiculty the Captain prevailed upn them to dclill
from a IXIign they had formed of killiig and eating two
or three Boy. they had on Board. U was the 20th of
November, that the Ship blew up, ae,>l on the 3d of Dc
cember, they, with much UitTicu'fs, made .m Ifland on
tiie Coalf ot Siim/ttr.i, from when , with infinite Danger,
they reached that Shore, and icr running thro* Va-
riety ot Perils, in which they were prcfervetl by the
wile Counfel of their Captain, they at lafl pafTed the
Streights of Sunda, and arrived f.ife on the Coalt of 'Javiit
where they were taken on Board the Dutch Fleet, com-
manded by Frederick lloutman of /llcmaer, who failed ouc
of the 'Icxel at the fame Time with Captain Bontikoe.

Alter he had remained lome Time with him, the Ad-
miral lent Captain Hevlekce to Btilavia, to the General
Join Peter Coen, who then commanded in the Indies, and
why immeiiiately gave him another Ship, as the juft Re-
ward of his Toils, and lent him with naval Stores and
Frovifions to the Moluccas. After this, he was employed
by the fame General in fcvcral other Services for the Space
of two Years, and then he was lent to Chiua, on Board
the Fleet of Cornelius Reygers, who was entrutleil with an
F.XjK-dition of great Im|>ortince, which was to crtablilh a
Commerce with the Inhabitants of that Empire, either by
lair Means, or by I'orcc ; and in cafe the latter only waj
found praflicable, they were ordered to make themfelves
Mailers ot the lllaiul and Fortrefs of Macao, or one of
thole Klands on the Coills of China, to which the Pcrtu-
f^utze had given the Name of Pifcadorcs.

This lixpcditioii, tho' very well concerted, and a
Force employed, every Way futficient tor the Execu-
tion of it, yet failed by untorcfern Accident-s, and the
Porlugucze at Macao having rcpullcd them in their At-
tempt upon that Place, they were obliged to think of ex-
ecuting the latter Fart of their CommilFion by attacking
liime of the Iflands belore mentioned. This proved ;i
W urk of Time, and was likewife attended with innumera-
b!c Diihculties, chicHy through the wicked and perlidiou*
Temper i>t the Chii.efc, who were too numercus to be
wrought upon to Aclvant.ige by Force, and who under
colour^t Peace, betrayed and murdered llich as truflfd
fhemjnves in their 1 lands. They likcwife frequently cn-
daiigeied ilie Dutch Siju.idrons by their Fircfliipb, and in
tine, gave lucU Dili]uict to Capuin Bontckoe, that he re-

fulvci

1 1

! 1

93-

^^umfici Hijhyy (J the Kijc, /'/-■ .^/<yj, iuul

ncu)k J,

Slliii

f¥..

Hs'q\ .is ft)on as thf liir.e for \vhicli lif Nvas rrp.igcil
fl.»l<k\l, to irtitrn to turc^pt, nor couKl all tlir OlVcis tli.n
wen- nuilt liim cither ( t I'l.wt r or Profit, imiucc him to
alt.r his Kclolution, or to think of Ifaying in thr Indin.

Ai.o>iJ;n!-;lv, on thi- 6th (f Ithuary 1(124, h^- Uilal
froin ItaiaiLt, m Qii.ihty of C.iiit.ii!i il the licliand, wifh
two other l.ui(e Ships ■:•.•:, the MuiiUhuta^l' anJ th.- OV.w-
lil.; 1 luit in fhnr l'jtV.i^i, thry met wuh hiiii a Storm, as
cairi(\l away thr Mamm.ilf ot tlu- HrH.niil, all tiic Malls
ol the Ml.! iUhsuTi^h, ami tiir.k iht CokiM to the Butiom.
\n III,-, ll.llrils laptain Honi.kot Ixhavrd Willi ins iilnal
Cnirai;c ami l':uilnHC, by which loth Ships were lor that
'lime jircU rval \ for notwithllanilirc; thr ihtiIous Dillnh
liK own Ship was in, hr, wiih much liilliciilty, anil yet.
Without iiriiij; anv other Coutfe than that ol iVrUiafion,
jMTvailed »ip.>n hi". Men ro Ijurc their Mizenmall and
Boltlprit to the .■\ /•.;,'.'/'«</ rje/i, which oilurwiic could not
hav- '►':■ k.-pt above Water. i'his was en t!ic .'.-d ot
M.ub I 0*4, And having, [xrlormed this pcxxl OtF.cc (or
th-i. Kn-nd^ an.l Countrymen. Captain Hofltkoe Ixirc
aw.iy With hi< own S:..p Jor the lllaml ot Mtiibgofdir,
where, in the Bay ol .''V. I^.ct.', he toiind Mtans to ca-
r.fn, rrlit, and nnull his Ship, with wi.uii he then pro-
ccedril for Ih'Jnml.

(.)n the Coa'^ of the Illitul of ^t. Iltkna, thry mft with
a Sfoit'/h Carraik, lb Hationed in the Koui, as to pre-
vent thvir watcrirg, which was what they .liloiuttly want-
ed. Captain Bmuhf did all that in his Puwrr lay to
have en;',..-;c'l the SpamarJi to allow them to put 0.1
Shore, a;u! take in W.ittr, but tluy could not Ixr pulN^a-
t!'.-d hy (air Means and therMijUin an ohOinat- KnpajV -
mcnt enhifv), without anv Advanl.iRc to either I'arty v lor
the DfUb Wire at lall oi^hgui to continue their Voy.ij^r,
with thr littir Water they h.ul, and the Carrac k was Co
drca.'.fi.l!y torn in the l-ij;ht, that th'- Sftw.tiriis (inding it
imi-olViblC' to k<rp her atv.ve Water, ttH)k out her tiuns
ar: i Carir<^, ad ih-n let her link. The icniamir.g Part
ot then \'-.yaf!;e was not attended with .v.y reiTia:kahle
Accide.1t, exc pt iheir Uini; able ti> ixrforni it .vith io
(mall an Allowance as a (^uart ot Wattr a Day prr Man,
trom t!if liiand ot St. /AA-»;/i to the Coall ol EngiunJ.
At length, on the 1 ;th ut S:fumh(r 16:15, tiptain Bot-
l(ki-: arrived titely at Zt^iiut-J, alter iuvi:-j; b.rn a' lent
from h'.s Coor.try leven Yran, ami in that Time run
through fuchaVa;irty of Fortunes, as fearce any otlier
S-aniin evtr ni't with. It may not be amifs, to kite
tins Account with ol-lcrvincj, that the MiJd'(l>curi;h, tlm*
to happiiy pitfervcd by i.'i\ tain Bcnitktf, never r.iurneil
to HdljnJy but was undoubtedly loll, tho' its inn)oni!'le
to (ay when or where.

.•\Her t!ie /h.'/ami partetl with her, Die put into ilie
Itland of .\t.t^J^>>j'(ar, and there buried a Part nt Ht
Sliip Compiny, amongll whom w.js the famous It'iHtam
C:r>i,::i:ii SitcuKu, who (aiktl round the Woild with
J.tihfi It Mii:re, as the Reader has already tte.n in the
Ijrgr Acrc'.jrt given of thrir Voyage in the (irik Chapter
o* this Work. Btit to leiurn from this Digienion to the
Thread o! our ILlhuy, which will fhew, how as the tirft
Bepinnirg ot the Comcuny was foriunu-, (u in her tu-
tutc Proj;rfs her Profprrity has nivrr taikd.

It I heir Commerce ilouiilhed (0 mucli, that thry
were obliged to enlarge the Ni)ml»er of the;r Ships every
Year, and the Company l^ciig lenlible, that thru I'rolj>e-
riiy was chieily owin^ to the good Conduct of their Ad-
iv.rils, they (iillieited "Jibn Ptirr Ccfl to ma'~ • 3 <eciji;d
\'i)Vi,f,v to the Inditi, in the '.Juah.tv o! (ioveriuir-f icnrral ,
a; latl (.'.tn to:,(rnfrd, and piit to S' a in .Ipril »<>. 7, loon
.liter thr /^i.,VrJ.;«iC3mr lionet, atid wus quickly I'llluwed
by lour other V'elTels, undi r the (.ommand ot 'fctn Hit-
ham I'lr/ihc.r, who had (ailed (ti»m /hl.'.m.! with /*//^r-
ftiiif, and auivcd ai this Port in JuN. I'lic rich C aigoc
of thefc Ship was fiarir unl'iadnl, s'mI hxipnl in the
Warchoules when Mri.ii- Block Mart/rit wj\ ready to
fiii With a Squadron ot clrven Slups, thii Ikv.h his Iccund
VGyj;^ as well as .X imiral Coin\. He put 10 Sea in
Oftotrr, ao-l loll two ot his Ships in a Storm, l^ft laveJ
the M'-n ar.d thr Carq'>rs. I i the fame M.nith <«t (JJs
h'r, J.bn KiiiftdiX ol hmlJen, a Men hant, whole V'l-
tt:laiicc and h«}>tricni.c rendered him very tamous, f-turn-

eil t.) the I'liiifJ Piiviiu.-s, alter fevcral Years .Ailminir-
tiation. Hr broo!;lit with liitn three rich S,ii|vi !jd>n ,it
6«r.;/, ai'd had lx:en ol>li^!;(il to put in at i'cnj>Koit!b
where an Kmhaip.o was put upon his Ships, 1(k j;,,,,^
Time. In 7««i- lU-S, the L'oniiviny had the SaiivtuCiicn
or leein^; live otlu r SI ips cmiie I loir.e, under ti,. Lvir-
mand ol tlie Sieur Cirpi-mii-r, who had Ix-en the Coa.i .i-
ny'» (Jiiu'ial in the Jit,..ii, ami the Caigoesof ihili; Si.i -j
were as valuable as that of tlie former. ^

Notwithllandini; thel'e huky Adventures, th-- Coiri),v'y
was {vrplexevi by I'ome Auulints moll ot wliieli t!\;y hatl
no Reaton to c\\xct '1 he Lii^.'ijb lljjpcd their Slups .is
often as they !iad IVealion i .uul tlic Dunkirk i'liv.itius
never tailed to _i;ive them chale. This obli^;ed tli( m to
rilolve ujKin keeping a tlioiig S<iuai!ro:i every Ye.ir m thy
(nrm.iH (X-ean, m mder to itui/.e (or their humen.ml-
U)uml Ships, and conduct them file to their l'(j!ts. Tiit;
lirll S.|Uidr(>n tli.it Icourevl the Urmr.n Oei.m w.i< 1.0m.
maiivleil by Jin Diiri.i Ijim, who had ban in the /«,/;,■( •
iijHin his A|iproach the fmunk I'nvateeis ittired. The
three Shij's th.it I mentioned alx)vc as cominq !u.m Sural
ui-.der th< Cumn-.ui.d ot Jcbi Karjhtij.: ol EmiJoi, I ting
Hopped (cir (I'liK I'lmi HI Awij.'.if./, were alt' rw.irds 1:11.
m.ird. and then Ariivil nitpiied th;' Cun'puny xMthfidh
Couia);e. Soon attsr tin ir Ainv.il, a .Si|u,idron ol eleven
Ships I t o(V ((jr India in (JiUl'tr^ under the Command uf
'f.imrs St V, who was accumpanie.l iy "J. in l.-.ltck, a
lamous M.itheni,iiic >an,

O;'. the other I i.iml, tiie Company had the Mirtiiica-
tion of le<ii|', a Ship, i.tlleil the /;„■;.■,:, arr.ve WiCi ti-.c
u:iwe,'co!iic News tiiat tluy had U t lail trom Raiaihi ilie
tore-going y.i;).v..'»T, in lmi>cs to pjis the Strait of Bc'y
in lime i but Ix-mn dilapiHuiited, um alhorc in the l^t.
of ir\ upon the South I'' le of t!ie !.r<ii M.'ga'iu>ii,a ;ii.
f0Xii<* t upon wh.ih they weic oM r,ed to tii.ow i.vcr-
btjjrd a ^teat t^uuifity ol th( ir tuh iMllCts, .ir,,; lo goc
the S.'up ai'.o.U ai;jin with p.ieat I);ii"icu!tv and Dai j'er.
l'|>on timr \N ay th.y met with /i.'wi's Squaiiron, wliich
had hkcwifehad very lloimy Weather. l>y tlui Siupihy
had Notice, that the Peop!.. ot JiKJ had toimed a Lonlpi.
racy to alVjlTn ate '/i<t I'litr l^otn, which was vlittovind
by a young CA/«ti . U >y, and thuiby ilk l'l.\ecuilun of
that detetl.ible iMign eiiiiiely drteatCil.

It was within this ConipaK ot Time tliat thol 'great Pif-
roverirs were ma.lr |ty the Dui.b OtHccrs on the S(>u:!..:n
Contiiiuit, ot whuh we have to <.tten (jx)ke. The l,ii,;c
Coui tiy ol Ci:ip:n.irii!, now In tier known by the Name
of A' K'-//i .'/./».'•/, was to cillrd Itom (mural (...•r/'i>-;;r,
who ililiovered it in idiK. The wellein I'art of the
lame Country, whuh Iks to the South ot 'jfiiva, was ciif-
covered the lame Year, on the Ikh.ii.' of the Company,
and (toni the N'aiiu ot the C'lmnKKloo. who commai leil
the S(;uadron, was (lil.d l)iUiii'i-l.jiJ. But ail the
louth.rn Coads lyr ;; towards the S. a, wl.nh 1 paians tl.i'.
C(jntin'nt trom that whiih If s dole to tli ■ S. '.,th I'o'r,
w.is ditl.' vrrcd in '/.iHini>y itny, hy l\t,r d: Aw-/', vsho
had tliii liy an C)}!,x;uunity o( Ik (lowing liiii Name ou
one of the fimll CtuintiiesM the Woild.

All thelc Diliovrrus, together with a jutl Report of
tlicir AlVairs, the CoiOj any received, (rom dcneral Carpen-
ter, who letutried wiih liy.- V'elUK lulily la.len. Ar.d
ii)>on his Re|X)it it was that tiic Uiredors relulvcd to (end
a Sijuadroii ol diven Sail into tluile parts, uniler the Lt;:u-
n.arulot Commodore Jran 11 f'r.'j.'rt, ot whom we have
ellrwherr given a latf^e .Aimucu. It may not be amifs to
oi.lrrve, that while iht Company was doing all thde great
1 hiiigs th^ir Coi.iitty was tiirn with iivil Dilliritioiis,
diic;:y thtii' the Aiidiition ot it.v I'lince ot Orange, wlio
til liavoured to make himlelt in (lime mealorr iiidepenlcnt
of the States; lo that i( the AlVairs of the Indus \\A r.ut
bcrn under a Diredioii dilliiict Iroiii that ot th'- (ii'Vcrn-
m-nt, It is fimi'ly unpoiilbic ili.it tli'y Ih'uild have luc-
ceeded as thry ilid, 01 biought luch Advanta^^c to llic
Duiib Nation.

I J. The Year 10.9 was as favouiaMe to the Company
as thole that went U lore, lor thi y had theSatislaClioii ot the
Artival ot (ix \ elleK, umh r the Curriuuiid o( three le-
veral Comriioiloir^, who luloinied them, th.it alter (<•
vcraJ dilhyii'.urablc Attempt., in 01 i r to luipn/.e the

Chip. II. Eflahlijhmefit of the Dutch Eaft-India Company,

933

- Ml

li>r tluir ho;iic\\,ii

;!i' y (Ii'iuKI luvc- luc-
lI) Ailvaiitjgc to ilic

Diihb, the KiiiR of M'llnram Iml ;it lafl laid Siege to liata-
•:'W,;inii at tiiflviiii ot three Months was forced tohreak up
will) the l.ol'sot 1 6, Olio Men. Peter yandiit liroccke,viho
hr.d iiicewil'e Lx'cii lun^ in /«.//«, and was the iirll Intrudiicer
of'lrade upon the Red-Sen and the adjacent Countries, re-
turned home the next Year: 1 Ic brought with him (even
Sliijis, the Car[;oe.s of which were vaKied at l-'ij'ht Milhons.
IJut thele happy Incidents were accomjjanied witli a very
tiif.iRreeable (Jircumllance ; tor of the eight VeU'els he
commanded, lie brought home but fix, one l>eing loft iiy
I'irc under the /tfora-IJlan.i!., anti the other having ftrag-
pled from the Meet; however, the lall went round by
Ireland, and came fafc home. Hroecke acquainted the
Company that Cieiural Cotn died fuddenly two Days Ik-
lore the Arrival <jf James Sptx'^, and that Spex acled as
tiencral by way of Provifion. In fine, Jntony Vt^n
Diemen returned in the Year i'>?i, with liven Vedlls,
which brought the G)mpany incredible Treafures.

TheJe miglity Advantages enabled the Ecft-hiiiiei Com-
pany toprofecute their IXligns totheir utmoll I'.xtentto en-
large theirCommercc in the /m//>j by every Method pofl'ible,
and in oriler thereto made ufe, with great Ucxtei ity, fome-
times of Force, and i<>metimfs ot fair Means, to conipafs
their I'.nds, and to fecure to thcmfelvcs the largcftShareof a
Trade, which, by Kxperience, thf*y found of fuch won-
derful Uenelit. It was with this ^'icw, t.'iat in 1O41, they
attacked the Ini;)ortance of Mnliieea, the (frongeft i'iat e
the Pirm^iieze had left in the Indies, and whicli was of
lo much the greater C(Mileqiience, becaufi.' it not only k-
curcd their Comiiurce with the K,r,'if.\{ims lAJohore, Siain,
and /'cjfw, but alfo alVonled tiiem valf Advantages for the
Management of th'.ir Trade with China and 'Jniton -, at
the lame time it ma.le them Mailers of tlutSinight which
is of lb great Conkqucncc to the Commerce of the Indies
in general ; )o t!iat wiiocver is Mailer thereof may, in
time of \\'ar, be in a Condition to give Law to ail tlie
Nations that carry on any Trade in that Part of the
World.

It was in the fame Year tliat the Dutch fecured to them-
felves the entire I'olVcfTion ol the rich Commerce of Ja-
fon, by the total T.Xilulion of the I'orlir'ueze, and all
other Chriftians. We have nireidy mentioned this Mat-
ter more than once, a;id given the Reader luch Lights
theuin as may enable him clearly to conceive how that
Matter wai brought about, and how far the lluleh may be
iulUy charged wuh contributing thereto. Inllead there-
tore of infilling taither u]ioii th.it Matter here, I lliall con-
tent myleit wuli a liiigle Remark, which 1 think of tome
liviuortaiu-e.

it is thi.s that wliiuever otiier Nations, or the Diiiei'
tlunilclve?, may think of the H. nelits accruing from this
I'.Xklulion ol other Nations ■, it is howiver, liem mllrable,
tli.u tluy wu.iLl liave carried on a more < xtnilive Trade to
that Couiury, .ii.l u.tli much mon Lalt- to theml-,!\'es, if
that 'Trade had lemaiiud on iliv ol 1 Foot ; tor imnirtii-
af.'iV alter the l-.xpu!lion of the Ponu^aezf, the Vuteh
t!'. ir.l.lves Wire obliged to quit the I'oit o\ liraiiJe, where
tliey had ereatd a noble M.i!',azine, built all ot Stone, and
were obliged to Unit tlRiiiklvcs up 111 tlie little liland of
Difuhi, where they have ever lines.- lieeii lubjeCt to the Ca-
price of the 'Jiiptn:/:, and. txpoku to a Muhirude ot In-
tuits and lneonviii;enc:e<, which never Cf.uld h.ive b. tallcn
them but from this F.vent i lb that, though I contcl's, the
Dutch iTC much enriched by iht 'Juponefe'linde, yet, I
think, 1 have Realbii to dei-.y that tiiey arc at all the better
tor tiic ! xcliilion ot other Nat'i>ns.

I ^ I'iii- I'owirand Credit ot tiie Comjuny was now
grown t') Ijch a ITiglit, the Wealth they biought into
file Nation v-as ol tuch Conlevjuence, and to iiei^tl'ary to
the State, and the Circumllances of Things wire fo cliang-
e.l 111 their Favour, tliat wt ;out any D.liiculty, at the
I ime ot the Fixpiratioii ol timr I'.w^i 1 l h.iitei, th' y pro-
cured file Rcne.val rluieof t.M ilie l.iii<e Ttrm ot twenty-
one Yeais, t.) commiiiee troni t!i.- i utlot J.ii:u,tr\ 1^44.
A^d lo eiiui;ally did their Ijiiwioi', twill ihc AlVaiis of
the Company wuh tiiolo ot tli ■ CiovcrnnKut, that upon
the Com lolion ol th^' gei-ir.:! I'ea;; , the- tame Care was
taken of tlieir Tuerrlls as ol tliuK ol (he Repu.)!ick, to
v.hich tiie Spiiu.irds coiilciiieJ, and thereby rclinquilhcd

Ni.Mii. LXi\'.

their Right, as they had long before loft the Power of
quellioning the t onquefts of the Company in the Eaft-In-
dies. It was in Gratitude for all thefe Favours, that the
Company entered the fame Year into a Projeft ot erctling,
nt an immente I'xpence, a Monument to the commercial
I'ame ol* the City of Amjlerdam.

The Occafion was this : The old Town-houfe, or
(}uild-hall, which had hitherto ferved well enough as an
Exchange for the Merchants, in which they met to tianf-
a(!t Bulinefs, was now thought too little, and alfo too mean
an Edifice for a City of fuch Wealth and Trade. Upon
thii the two great Companies of the Eaft and IVeft-Indte:,
undertook to build a new Stadthoufe, the firft Stone of
wi.ich was laid on the 29th of Oilober 1648. While this
noble Striifhirc was raifing, an Accident happened, which
rendered it not only convenient, but neceffary •, for by
fome Means or other the old Town-houfe took Eire, and
was burnt down to the Ground, which obliged them to
hallen the Eredion of the new one, which was fit fcr
life in the Y'car 1655, and has been ever fince confidcrcd
as one of the fineft Strmflures in the World, in which
all the Power of Architeduie is difplaycd to the ut-
moft without, and all the Riches of the moll diftant Coun-
tties in the World are alFembled to render it magnificent
within. There never was a 'Time in which the Company
were lictter able to launch into lb vail an Expence, her
Commerce being now at its grcatell Height, and her
Power railed to fuch a Degree, that, from the Cape cf
Good-Hcpe to the moll diftant Parts of China, there fcarce
inhabited a Nation which had not learned to refpedt her,
by having experienced the Ef^ecls cither of her Refent-
ment or Good-will.

Yet all this Tower, Wealth, and Trade, did not ren-
der fuch as had the Care of the Company's Concerns at
all llothful or negligent •, on the contrary, they were al-
ways contriving fome new Scheme for the Benefit of thole
by whom they were cntrufted ; and being very defirous ot
overcoming thole dilTiculties which had hitherto cramped
their 'Trade in China, the Gcner.il and l;is Council at Bat.i-
via, in the Month of Jiity, ibr,;, lint a Iblcmn Flm-
baliy, at the Head of which were Pelcr Boyer and James
Kiyfel, with rich Prefents to the Cbinrfi Emperor. He
then refilled in the City of Peking, to whole Prefencc,
after a Stay of eight or nine Months, they were admitted,
and from the Civility Ihewn them at their firll Audience,
they had great Flopcs of Succefs •, but they loon dilco-
vered that there were Perfons in that Court who traverled
all their Defigns, and found Means to milreprefent all the
iVojiolitions they made. The Chief of their Enemies
was Father y/i<;w Sehaal, a Native of Cc/c^«c in Germany^
ana by Protclfion a Jeluit. He had refided in C/.'/«rt up-
wards ot five and thirty Years, and had wrought himfelf
fo highly into the F.niperor's Favour, that he railed him to
the Degree of a M.ir.darin of the firft Rank, and placed
him at the Head of all the Philoibphers and Mathemati-
cians in -.he F'.mpire. This Man, by his great Intereil,
and Knov.ledge, eftl^UuHy baftled tlie Defigns of the
Duiih, for he reprellnted them as a People without any
1 amis or Settlements in Europe, who lived merely by
I'edilling and Pir.icv, and had by Treachery and Cruelty
lailtil themlelves a large F'.mpire in the Indies, at the Ex-
|)cnce ot the Natives, and more clpecially of iuch Princes
as lulVering themlllves to be deceived by their lair Pre-
tences, had admitted, them into their Dominions, and by
th.it Means aiVorded them an Opr^rtunity of diftielling
them and their Subjcds.

I lie Cbtneje, who are naturally flifpicious, living once
got thele Notions into their 1 lead.s, began to put fuch
Q^irllioris to the Dutch Iv.iibaHadors as might bell enable
them to judge ot the Truth of what tluy had been told :
And, iijion their alki;:g at how great aPillancethe Stat of
their (iovtrnment lay trom Chnui ? they anfwered, about
live thoufand Le.igues -, and being interrogated as to the
Power and Stienuth ot the Colony at liaiitii.t, they gave
luch Anfwers as were tiue in themlelves, and moll likely
to create Refpect : But thefe were precilely the Things
that turn moll to tlieir Diladvantage •, becaule tluy feemcd
cxa.'tly to a;'ue with what Father .S'i /'.!<?/ had laid down.
So tli.it tov.aiJ:, the latter I'.nd of ilic Year 1O37, the Em-
1 1 v. balVaJors

ili

9.H

J fucc'nin H/Jhry of the Rijcy J'/oo/r/s^ auJ Va\A^ \

•i,M

lMiV.ul(irs quittdl Chin.i, with Mit Ning able to iiukc utiy
I'lognlv III tlu' I'.xiciition (it tluir l-'omiiiiirion ; k) llront;
were fhf rifjuJici'i i.iila! .ig.iinll tlKiii, ami io j;rc.u tin-
Api'f, liriil'ioiH llio Chiiifjf \u^ ot thru- Ibngir, in calc
iIrIc Strangers were .iilmitted to tr.ulc in tlif I'orts ot
th:;r l-.iiirirc.

Hut It they Wat ihlapixiintcil in tlicir Wityf- on t!iis
Skle, tlu-y \u-\ bc-ttrr Siicct Is in J^'fons to whuh Country
tliry )ci;t /..', <\in' irfl^hiH.Kr, witt) tlif I'ltlc ot iMillMt-
*.ult)r to the l-nip.ror, wuli t)riicr>; to ull- his otmotl l-ii-
tlcavoiir<i to i!;,iin a jxrlid Knowledge ot" the I'oHcy ol
that i;to.'.t Fnipirc, and to make himlclt likcwil'c as agrcr-
abie as I'oniMc to the l-injKior antl his Minillors, wliuli
Coninuliiea he was very cajMble ot iH-rtornimg, lx:ing a
M.in ot vietp Kiai ii. very great l-.xp.ricncc, aiul extieiiuly
rourtfous and alVablc in his l).|X)rtiivnr. II;- hail nit
btin long liowtvcr at hdo, iM-torc a liivMcn l';rc reiiucid
that City to Alhcs, whirh oeealioncd lueh Contiilion at
the Court of Jjpin as induced the Duuh lunbairador to
rinirn lio;r,e.

He wa< k.xrcc arrived at B.a.ixu More News came
tint great l^ljnites had anlen bctwe< n the Jiipon/ft at A',;;;-
g.iji'pt and the Duub, who were iVttkd in tiicir Kaitoiy
thete, which alarmed the licnera! and Council li) much
tlu: t'uy obl;!»cii Mr. ll'i\g^l\jHacr, ^\^\\r\^ againll his Will,
to make a ll-cond Voyage to Jiffon, where he die! not ar-
r vc tiii the B;g:nning ot tlic Month ol Mtrch, I'l^.).
He tciind Waysar.i! Mear.s t.i i:-,gratiate hn^ilrlt witii t;ic
r.miK:ror and Ins tiixl Minilhrs, and by promiling two
Things on i\v:. i'art o: the Duutt obtained ail tliat he
coult! rcalonabty alk m their Favour. The /irfl ot tlieic
was, tlut tiiey lluii.id give rarly Intelligerxc ol any IV-
ligns t!ia: miglit l>c fotmej in t.'ie Plnitppiifs to the I're-
juttite ot the "f.!pcnf: l-inpire: llic ntlicr, tiut they
Ihuuid !o:l>tar takirg U:iitj'e Ships ujKin the C'oall ot
JafioH, bccaule the Kmixror allowing them to trade in his
Dominium?, it wjs but rcalbnabie that lie ihould be able
to nriite«;t them.

VVhi!.' t'lieie Nrpotijtions were carrying on in the mod
t!;i>a;-: l'ar:.s ot the la:;, ihtrr srolc a new War in Ja-.J,
whicii tlucaitncd Ri;in to the /)./.•. i' AlJaijs. VVc have
toi;- hcj iijKjn t!i:s more than onee, but, tor the !x-ttcr un-
t!crliand:r.i; tiiis Hirtoiy, it will Ixr nccclVary ra give a con-
tile V lew ct the wiioL- Matter Im^iii tiie Duub liiiiorics,
'I'nc I'.land oi Jjwi li.ui Ix-t n u:n;rr i!ic I'ower ot a (ingle
Monarth, lomciim-'- iblcd by th.' iJuuh fimply the l;n-
|)cror, a."d at cihrr I imes called King ot 'Japara, trom
whom t.'ie (jovcrnor of BanUm revolted, aliiinied tiie
'i'ltie ol King, and w.w (upjwrtcd in the Qiiality of an
inde|>end: .-.t Prince ly the Dutcb. It was ty the adroit
Management ot thele Divifi'/ns that tlity nu:r.tained and
fu}>pcr:ed the-.r own I'owcr \ lor, whenever the l-.n)]Krar
ol y.;: J attempted any ihi: g to the l'rr|U^!!,c ot BfSu.::a,
the King cf lUit;am v-as furc to take Arms in the^r Favour ;
as, o.T the t-di. r iland, wlicncvtr the King ot B<»iiitm
I'.ok up Ar.ns agamll them they never laiiev! to have Ke-
cui.'l.- to ti-.e I'ri'ttCiionol the l-.rn|>efor ol 'Jiva. Ikit in
the Vtar If;;-. thel-jiii>rffir b;n.i' veiy much embarraiTcd
at ht!me, t.ip Ku'g ot Bantam ijuJ holil cl this favcura-
V.c C)jj>.,rujn'.:y \o rade a great Army, and to attaik the
Dulit, I'u; {oling tliat lor want ol the Kni|)cr(.r's AllilU
ame, hi. tr." uid Itxin be able to nuke himltit Mailer ol
Btitiivia^ to which he immrdiatrly laul Sitgr. He b.und
himleif hfjwtver extremely mii'.akcn, lor the Cmnpary was
by this t:ii.e Utunie lo pMitr:/, t:...t they weic at le to de-
t':r.d tlirmi-Ivis 1 y then own Sirii^gih, whuli thty tlid lb
ttii-cuaKy. ti.at alter the l/.i(i ot a great i'ait ol Ins Fur-
cc?, ih- King ol />J»i/<J»j <<)Und liin.li It obliged to raile
the Sivg'., ar.il tu retire precipitately into his o>sn !).>
n)itiKjn«.

'I iu- |-'i.perc.r o! Jiifva had llill woile Succil. ■. lor
though lir- Hiiufilril tiom Ins lather an inviiitible 1 lalied
to ttie C iDpji.y, yet thry nude Imn leel the l-.ft its ot
their I'.ivs<r, aiul niade him lutit r reveicly Ifri his Oblli-
raty, thotii^h they werr never aiile to toiujutr ii, ii to
bring l.im t.iher iy tair M-ai" >n lutil, tj have any Cuiie
IjHindt ir w [ii (hrm. iiui I) I'.i.ruaiiets a: Imn c I'ld
not hi' tier til- fiover 'ir ar.d Ci.u:uil Irom engai.;!iig in a
|«.re!/,n War, lu: the '-u^.jttol one ul their Allic, which

was the King ot Btn;^^,;^ vvIkj was in gr^at H.ii-.ivr d i>c
ing deihroiud by his Itmtlur. At linl the l)u,d> .mlv
lurnithed hnn wiin I'mviliun.s and Artillery, and t,ii, red
him, in cafe he was (xpelled, a SandUiary at Bolivia
Hut alterwaids, liiuliiif; that a conltilerable I'art -,l his Sub-
jects ailhercd to him liriidy, they lint over Troops to his
Allilbince, and then by not only delivered him Irom t'lC
immediate Hanger he was in, but relt„ir,! j,,,,, t^, i',,,
lormer Dignity: In (ir.nitiulc tor this leaio.uble Ai'ill-
ai-.ee, lie gave tliem Leave to credl, not only a I'acbi'rv'
but a lort at Humbly, well lortilied with twelve I'irees u|"
large CmiKT mounted, and a gotnl Diteh. It was by this
Means that they ruined the En^lifl) Trade there, and le-
luretl all the Commerce ot thole I'arts to then-.l'elve:.

Yit thele rem.irkable Inllances ol good 1-ortune' could
not make them torget the Mil'carriage ot their AlUiis m
Chri.u nni'.li lets iiuline them to lorgive the 7,7;/,/;, to
whom they attributeil the Deleat ol that Ambally, wlmh
coll them an immenle Sum ol Money, and wliieh', as we
have fhewn bclorc, ended in an ablolute l>ilap|x)intnuiit.
To l>c revenged on the Authors ol this Uilgraee, rhiy
fitted out a lleet of thirty Sail, with Orders to tail to the
I Iland ol Miuiiljiir, ami to attack the City of the
lame Name, in the I'ort of which they knew tlicre was a
I'cnii^ucze Fleet, richly laden, and m wlmh the /c/;/;.'r
were ilei ply concerned. On the 7th of June \UU>, the
Dutch attacked MaiOjj.ir by I Jnd and Sea, and tho' the In-
Jiit'i M'^naich ot that I'lace delcnded hi. Allies with Ins
whole Fone, yet tlie/^H/ii' obtained a compkat \ leHory ; lor
they burnt three ot the Pcrlugune Ships, lunk two, and
tfK)k one, lo richly l.iilen, that it lutticiently reimlnirlal
the Ijtpence Ixiih ol t!ie U<ini-f( Ambally,' and ot this
I'xpeiliiion. What was (hll more honourable tur the
Dutib, tlie unlortunate King ol AtMa/ur was ohliged to
lend, a lolrmn Ambalfy to HaliV.ia, and to lul'iint to Inch
Terms as the Dutcb tiovernor-Cieneral thought fit to pre-
fcril)e, which were hard enough, I'lncc he was oblign!, not
only to exj'el all the Pcrlu^titzc 111 his IXiiiiii.iuns, but al-
io to promile, that he would never ailmit them, or ai.y
other Lursffjii.', to leitle in his I'ertitories ; to that we
may jullly aliirm, tiiat never any I'xj-.edition was more
compleatiyexccuted, or turned more totheUeputation ol the
Dulib Comjuny than this whicli not only l.umbled their
F.nemies, but brought val! Advantages to themlelves.

H^t as the greatcll FotiuiiC is leldom the moll Ivcure,
lb immeiiiately a!ter tins mighty Siitceb, t!;e Duttv Com-
pany received one ol the leverell Checks they h.ul ever
met with linte their lllablilhnient in the Jti.iid. 1 hey
had at this I ime a vi ry tine Settlement on the liland ot
Icrmcfii, one ol the laiirll ami m< ll liuittul Couiitiics i;i
the L.ijl, aixjunding with all the Netellanes ol Fit--, pio-
liutiiig varieus rich CommoditK\ ami aliiirding them the
Opjortunity ol (anym^ on a vail Commtric liom thence.
1 liey ihui built lur the FrctcCtion ol their Colony, a fquaie
i utt, With large IJalhons, ami IkIow tin le, towar.ls the
Sea, they had another Fortifuation, wluJi covered the
I'aiace ol their (njVeriKjr, conlilliiig ot two legular li.il-
tii.r', an excellent t overed-way, and lour llail ni'Kins,
the w.'iole united to tlic loit by very llroiig W alls deteml-
cd i y a great NuiiilKt ot Cannon, and the whole ptotcc'l-
cd l>y a numerous (larnliiii. I he I'own was Icng and
large, extreamly well [leopled, A\\y.\ the Inli.ibif.ints, Irom
le-ven Years old and upwards, liemg durg'-.l with a l'''l'-
tax, at the Hat-- ot halt a (nalder a ll;ad, pioduied a
K( v, nue more tii.in lutiicicnt to diMsarge the 1 vjences
nfiellaty lor tin- M.i;i.tename of tliii impoita.it Col:ny.
Such indeed it might be well Ihled, lince by its Situation,
at the Dillancc only ot twenty-lour leagues Irom tlieCo.iif
ol Ciin,:, and one hundred and liUy trom '(."in, it al
lorded iheiii ll.r M-.a;-.'. ol tairyiiig cii, w:th the gicateit
I'at*. a liade to U.th that was cxisiiiVi-'y Irneiici.il.

i\\<- l.i met:, m the Year 10; <, hid laid a veiy deep
l>e(i;;n tor the P. ihuilion ot the Dutcb^ by ati iiiuverlal
Cuiilpiraiy amon^'il t'le Natives, whuh however had not
th ■ defij',!!. cl l-.tKct . lor Ixiiig luckily dibovered in Time,
It was al>f>iluttly c'l i .ired. I his I'lece ot good I'oitune
made thuic wiio wr: • entiulled with th.- Caie il tins Set-
tlement, more remiS than is uiual v.ith ilie D:i:ib, in-
luinuch, tiiat they i:tjil'.cled the l-oUilicaUons, and !i.t

leie.l

I'ook I.

Chap. II. KjlabJUhmoit of the Dutch Eaft-India Company. 935

r,''-.u Drivrc.l hc-

'"I' '!"•• V)/</,A „„iy
^I'lliiTy, ami „ii,;^a

.ii:cui,iry at /)',i/.,-,.,rf.

'•il'li: I'ai t .,1 his Si,i^

t t>V( r Trcops to hij
■Vital hiin trom the

rt-lldial iiiin tc, lijj

»'< Ifaioiuhlc A::iil.
not only a lact.)rv,
with twclvi- I'iras ut"
Dtdi. It washy this
I'Miic tluTc, and le-
ts to thtn-,rclvc:,.

K'hhI l-ortiinc couM
V u( thfir Altliiis m
Tf^lVC the 7,y1/,/j, ,0
that Aiiilully, wliith
and whu h, as we
'lute Dilapixiintiiinit.

this Uilgran', thiy
> OidiTs to tail to the
li tin- Lity of the
uy knew thcie wxs a

'1 «liuh t\x Jtftins
1 ut Juiif i(>(,o, the
J S'la, and tin.' the In-

il. Alill-s Wltll )i;s

i<)iiii)kat\ k'toryi lor
>iii|.s. Inn!-, two, ami
iitiicit-ntiy ninihiirlal
UiibalVy, and ot tins
liom)uiai)k- fur the
ajjur was o!>]ij;cd to

ilKJ to lul'llllt to llkh

al thoiJi;ht lit to pre-
L' he was obliged, not
s Doiiui.ions, hut al-
dtiniit thcni, or aiiy
rntotits ; lo that we
•'.Xjicdition v\as more
) tile Reputation ol the
-t only nunihkcl their
iffy t(j thcmlelves.
loin the moll Iviure,
ccfs, the DuliV Com-
hecks they li.id ever
in the ln.!its. 1 hey
icr.t on the Iil.md ot
t ttuithil Coiintiics i;i
fliarics ot l.ite, pro-
id ali'orvlint; then) the
iDiiu nc lioiii tluntc.
hrir Colony, a Iquaic
w ih<!l-, tiA^ar.'.N il.r
, whkll COVrlid the
ot two tegukir Bit-
kI lour 1 iail'iii'ionv,
llrong \\ aiis d; trnd-
nd till- wliole piotec'l-
lu.sn was Irng a.'id
:!.r iii'iatiitants, trom
dufi;r.l with a l'i>!.'-
j I I;ad, prodiKcd a
liiarge ihr 1- Vjrnas
1 impoitant Colony.
iiue by It^ Situatioii,
■aii'.ies iron) t!;-.- Lo.ilf
y Iroiii 'J'ticn, it al
.>!), w:tli the gicatiil
llvrly benctiii.il.
lad i.iu! a vciy de, p
u!il.\ by an i;;;;verlal
k I) howi v( r h.i ! not
riiilicvcied 111 'rniic,
(C ot |;ooil I'oitune
ihv L"aie <.l this Sit-
v.ith llie /';/.•(/', in-
. tiluaiions, and ii.l

tO'.-d

I'crcd their Maga/.incs to grow cinpty, wliile by a Ik-ady
Appliiation to i'rade, they were lalwuring to advance
tluir private FortiincB. At the Time the i'lirlars made
their laft Conqin-ll ol China, tlieie dwelt in the Dutch
Town, upon tins llland, a Taylor, whofe Name was Chin-
chilun^, by the Diilcb, and otiicr Europeans, called Ljiion.
This Man had a prodip,ioi)s Spirit, a vaft Capacity, anil a
Courage '■qiially Hiiblwrn and cnterpri/.ing-, and, trom an
iinronqucrablc Avcrlion to tiie Tartars, got together a tew
Men, two or three Irnall Bark";, and with this Force tiirn-
t'll I'iratc, or Privateer, which ever you will plcale to
call him. In a (hort Space ot Time, his I'ower iiicrealai
to liirh a Degree, that he became cxticamly tormidable to
the 'tartar KiT)|XTor, who finding that his boible was Am-
bition, olVered to make him King ot' the two great I'lo-
vinces ot C(»«/«»and /-"o^/w, and lint lor him to /w/a-k,
where he promifed to give him the Invelliture of his new
Dignity ; but inftead of keeping his VVortI, he cauietl
him to be fei/.ed, and rondudeil to Peking, where he was
loon after poifoned.

This Taylor, who was fo near being a King, had a Son,
whofe Name was Cf\/!iia, or Coxen^a, and who had been
'1 ay lor to Mr. Piittman, Ciovernor of l-'ort Ztatand, and
who, on his Father's Imprifonmint, took upon him the
Command of the Meet. He at thll demanded Siicociirs
from thr Dutch, and promifeil them great Ailvantages if
he was fuccelsful ::g3inll the Tartars, which they refuted ;
and this provoked him to furh a D.-i;ree, that he rclolved
to turn his w!)ole F'orce againll Pcrmofa, the rather, l)e-
caule he had a good Fntdligenco from the Dituh I'own,
ami k.ncw thnt their AlV.iirs were in a very bad Ci-ndition.
I ie afl'enible.i, with this View, a Fleet ot lix hundred
bail, moll of them I'rigires of linall Force, but near one
hu:-.dred were i!')ut Men of War, of forty Guns and upwards.
'Jhe News ot thofe j^reat Preparations reaching ihe I'.ars
ut the Dutch (iovernor, who was at that Time Mr. Pre-
derukCcjet, Succiirir laCcrnelius Keifer, he iinmdiitely
ilifpatched Advice to Hatavia, and demanded a Ipeedy
Succour, anil alio to "Jafov, for the Allillance ot fuch
Ihtlch ShijH as h.ippened to be there. All this, however,
was to no I'urpole •, tor bifore any Relief cuuid come,
C.oy.nga lent his Fleet under the Command ot his Uncle
iW,'-, whiih appcued Ixforc the Place in the Month of
March i6ot.

The D'ii(h (Governor fent a Detach nent of three hun-
lire.l and liliy Men V> jnevent the debarking of their
Troops, who Ixhavcil as well as Men coulil do, but to
very little Purpof.', .is we may ealily guefs, fince the Chi-
tieff landed forty thouland Men. They loon cut off" the
Cuiiimunieation Intwein the Town and the lllani!, and
iiaving ini'.de tlutiifeives Mailers of the iidj.icent Country,
Coxdi^a treated all who hatl joined the Dutch, in the lame
Minn-r that Sirho'.as ll'erbur^h, who was (invernor in
i'i-,j, ill 1 fuch as were concerii-d in the Relxllion-, that
is to lay, he p.it th'in to Death with all tiie Marks of
Siiaine and Cruelty lie could invent, and without the leait
K'p.ard to Af,-, .S x, cr Ciiiality. Alter this he attack-
ed all tie Outworks at th'- lame Time, wiiitli prevented
the Dutch from lujcuiiring each otiur-, lo that tlule I'la-
«Ts were Viry li)0!) carried, thu' with a v.ill Ftiulion of
HliM)d, and the (i^veri'.ur was turced to retire into For:
'/'iilii'i.L

The Conqueror conriderin!', t!-.e great Strength ot the
Piaee, and how unlit his .Ar^.y was to und.Tt.ikc Sieges,
made ilioiee ot Mr. /Intioiy /laiicli-oeii-, tlie (Lkit ot
the Dii.ib l?LTgymen, and lent him with his Hiethren,
two or three Sih(X>lniallirs, and Ibme of the gr.ivell Men
aniorg his l'tilon'n>=, t.) peil'wade t!ic (iovernor to fuiren-
i!i r, declanng, that he w.is content they Ihtniki retire in
Safety lioii) h'orn:'.:?, and ih.it he w itild not t. 'Uch the
I l.iii i.t a l>:itih:ii.!ii\ Ilea.!, or one F.ittiung's Worth ot
then liood^ , tut it tluy retuKil this I'lopol'iiiun, he
would put them all to tlie Sword, with'Ut Mti. y. The
(lovernur told tholi' who bunu^ht him this MelV.ige, that
he had .4^1 the Sorru's an.l Coiv.ern in the Woikl lor their
^1i^^ortu^'•, l)ut at tiie lame I'lnir-, tl'.at there was nothing
i lul I iruliKe !iim to b'-triy ^l^ Tmll, or to g.vt- uj) the
Pl.ii ■• h- lumniaede-.i i;to ;:r.- ! i.i:\.'. oi the luieiny. With
this .Yiifwei they retuinul to O.wn^a, who, as luoii us he

heard it, caufei! all his Prifoncrs to be put to Death, Men,
Women and Children.

When this was done, i)c embarked liic beft Part of his
Army on board three hundred Juncks, a very light Sort
of Vefl'els, with which he blocknl up the Port, while he
tired upon the F'ortrets from two Batteriis ot twelve Pie-
(es of Cannon each. While Things were in tiiis Situation,
there arrived from Batavia, a llout Squadron of nine Men
of War, commanded by Commodore "James Cavjen, who
immediately made the bell Diljxjfition he cculd \ ix t!ie
Relief of the I'laci With this View, he landed the
Troops he had on Board, and being joined by a l\ut of
the (jarrilbn, marched to attack t coo Chinefe that v/erc
covered by a Redoubt, not yet mounted with Cannon.
Thele Troops being well armed, and compleatly difci-
jilined, received them in Order of Battle ; and tlio' thu
Dutih tijught with great Rdoluiion, and renewed the At-
tack ll-veiai Times, they were at length obliged to retire
with the Lots of four hundred Men. Tne Comnio lore
then ordered his Ships to force a PatTage into the Port,
but t!ie Juncks drawing very little Water, kept clufc un-
der the Shore, wiiere the great Ships ilurtt not tollow
them ; and in this Attempt the Dutch loll two of their
bell Men of W.ir, ot which one run adiore, and liad all
tier Crew, to the Number of three hundred and eighty
Perfons, kilk-d by the Chinefe, the other was blown up by
a Shot tired into her Powder-room.

Commodore Cniven perceiving that it \v.is imponihic
for him to I'o any Thing more, detached two of his
Ships to Japan, and having taken on Board two hundred
Women and Children that were in the Fort, he failed
back to Batavia with the live Ships remaining of his Squa-
dron, and made an exact Report to the Governor ot the
Council of the State of their Afiairs in Formofa.

The News was received there with deep Concern, and
a Refolution was immediately taken, to fend an AmbalFy
to the Flmpeior of the Tartars in China, to inform them,
that they were in Danger of lofing 1-ormcfa, on acc(;unt
of retuling to alfill this Chinefe in his Rebellion ; but not
depending altogether on the Succefs of this Ambally, they
ordered live Ships ot War to be equipped, and to fail
torthwith to the Relief ot the Place. The Governor Co-
jet m,ule fo obtlinate a Defence, that old Siuja, the Unclj
ot.Ct.vc;;^j, refolved to raile the Siege without the Know-
ledge of his Nephtw, with, at leaft, that Part of the Ar-
my which he conimanded. But tho' he managed this
Defign with the utnioll Secrecy and Caution, yet Coxenga
came to have a Sufpicion thereofi upon which, forgetting
tb.e Neainefs ot his Relation, he caufed old So:'Ja to be
arrelKii, and put in Irons ; after which, notwitlillaniiing
lie had the Plague and Famine in his Camp, he puil'.ed
on the Siege to vigoroully, that the Govirnor tound him-
lelt obliged to furrender, notwithltanding that the Suc-
cours he expelled wi re in Sight.

Accordingly the Place being given up to tiie Chinefe,
he marched out with the Remains of ins Garrifon, and
being taken on Board the Squadron, he returned to Bata-
via, where, inltead ot having received the Thanks, as
he mi[;l)t reafonably have expected of th.e Governor-tiene-
ral ai'.i! Council, he was committed toPrifon, and kept there
a long Time, under Pretence, that he had given up the
Plate too loon, becaiilc the Dutch Squadron w.is in Siglit.
To l.iy the Trutli, we may, in Ibme Mealiiie, parelon
the Iii|ullice of thi^ Proceeding, wle.n we conllder ti-.e*
lniix)rtance ot t!ie Place, that the 1 ois was irrejiarabk',
and that, inllead ot having thi; Pcin^^utze and Spanilh
1 raile at their Mercy, their own w.is now fo much expoled,
that it was very ditlicult tor them to fend their annual
Sqti.idion to Japcn. I'his Mistortune, however, brought
about a Coirilpondenc e with tlie Ch:nefe l'.m|)eror, wh..)
coiili-iUed to gi\e them his Allillance, to relirain the
Powi r of Ccxcn^a, to hinder liiin from pirating in thofe
Seas, and thereby dithirbing the Comiiiercc of China and
"Japon.

14. It was alunir this Time, and by the Metliatinn of
King Chtrri.s II. who hail married the Infanta of V'c;/.-;^^.;.',
that aTnaty ot Peace was let on Foot between that Crown
and the Republick ot llcllanil, which was toon alter con-
cluded, to the mutual Satistactiuu ot both Panics ; tor the

LaJ}-

M'i

ill

936

if^

1 JLi i

liiL

■Kan*' f ^ y X

1^' f

sj.

^■1 Jun'iNcl Hijlory of the Rifc^ rronnfs, and R(k^i^ |_

rctpcvri ti) the (iiirvaiiKs tlicy coinplaiiii.il of, Imt ol any
(iihc-r that mn;ht li.ipiKii m Pioccls ot 1 mir ; ,ind the

i.ili-hiiiit Cotiii'any wcri' nuicli too lUoiig lor tlic Pcr.-u-
f^azr in th.it I'art it the Wutlil, .iiul hail in a llioit lime,
licpi iviil thcni lit their inoll v.ilualilc Scttliiiuius j yrt, in
the n\'jl-I:uiiis thf l\rtui^u(t( wrtc ttx) har^l lor the Puiib,
ain! luvi not culy raovi tid /i'r*!Z). nut ot their 1 laiuN, l>iit
were ai'.o in i t.ur Way ot iiiakini; thll j;riatrr C'onqui th •,
a;ul iKlkles all this, thvir l'r;vatctrs were lo mum urns that
the /)tt;i/'(()umi their Trade in the Steditrrrun(,tH, aiul on
ihi t\all ot .Ifitidt very prciariovis -, to that notwithtKiml-
um t!;-' Ailvaiuaj^ts niailc in the India, tluy had. no K^alon
tu dcTitc the Continuance ot tl:e War.

'I'll.- Coini any lunvevir, as it tluy had been really So-
vereigns witliin thf UounJ.s ot tlicir Clurter, took little or
no Notice ot the Peace i to that in the Year itjdo, they
attacl;ed Ccuun on the Coall ot MiUhar. and having redu-
ced It, tluy next attacked Cjn.jw<;r on the lame Coall i ot
w!i;c!), tho' with Ionic liiiriculty, they iM-tanu' Mailers •,
and tho' tl.tir liill lX-lii;n was to haw dfn>olilhed the I'lacc,
and tJ have rtlabl'hcd only a 1-a.iory the.c ; yet, on t'r-
cond Thoii{;!u$, and wlun iliey came to lonlider the
Conveniency a;i J Importance of itj .Situation, theyiluini^ed
their Minds atil ilctcrmined to repair their tortitications,
and k:ep it as a S:tt!r!iunt of their own. Alter the Ke-
tludion oi (.jw.iiffr, ihey next prixrided to C"."<iv'«, a C:ty
of ili:l ijitatrr l-orce and i;'ea:er Conkqin-ncc, as txinj? a
Biihop's Sec, and a riacc of jjircit 1 la.lc. The Dutib
Comiiioiorc G'fi-»j met here with greater KifilUme than
he exixitled, and during a .'sk-j;?- ot l'>;ne Continuance,
lull a coniiderable Nuiiilvr of his I'copK- j Uit Ixinp re-
lois'ed ti» mailer it, coil what it wmild, h- profecutctl his
Attempt with luch Steadiiuis, that at lall he prevailed -,
ami tlic Ikniigurzr, w!;o lia.l Idll a vail NumlKr ol Miii
clufing the Nes^e, Wiic cunlliaincc! to lurtctiiier tlic City
into Ins i Ia.':ds.

When he was jy>n'dVf d of it liowever, he li aree knew
how to i,;, brcavilc on the o;:? i lar.d he law that the I'ic-
letvation ot ;t wasaihint; i>l peat (.o.'ileijuence ■, and, on
t'lL- other, that it would reijuite a very numerous I ia::ilon,
and a t;i!:at Ixpcnce, tu put the Fortitieation iiitna pro]xr
r^nair : lie applvM liimlcit tiierctore to the (Jencral and
Council at Ihlavia, wiio immediately t'rnt him Oiders not
to Ijiarc ferany L.vp-cnce, either ot Men or Motu-y, but
to pii'h hi> lortunc to tiie ucr.cll i and at the l.imc tunc
tncy lent h.m tins Mcllaj^r, thty lent likei*ilc a liclljSqtu-
<'iQn and a ci-nruiciaLilc Itx'y ol i'riKips on liuanl it.
'I'his fo erstouragrd Commoi'.tHc (jcrnj, that he mareheel
with ills ForvCi by l^nj toattatk thcCity ot J'srca, whiih
was the Capital ol a httlc Kar-if or Jr.Jun I'rinie, who
had hern li:i;:ck to the Pcriuf^utzr : I5ut he nut latin;; to
tliijHitJ With thiile whu lud tx4t his Mailer", orterrd to
iKComc t!:cir iributary, ami to [uy them the lame Olxr-
ti:ciicc tti.i. h he haJ torinetiy done to the Cruwo ol /'cr-
iHgit!, and this being as rcaiiily accepted i.% otilicd, jmt an
1 .r.d to t!ic War on t;-,at Side.

I'heC.ty ot tran^ancr which is fituatcd between diHi-
<Hi in\ <.i.l'!>^, t.il r.cxx into his I lands wii!i(jut a Blowj
ami thuv i:i the Space ol one- Year, the Dutib cxjxllcd the
I'iriux'-t.ft out ot a!i the Mates they held on the Coall ot
MdUi.i', ai.d acCjUiicii t'J thcmtcivcs a Territory of one
1 lundud a:.d fitly Ixagxirs in I^rngth, wjth ail the I iai!c
Ix-J.^r^irg to It, and which tU- l\rlk«ittZf had cnjuyret
without Ir.f- ttuptton trtin tiic 'lime ot their liill Settie-
tr.cr.t in InJts.i. I'hcy hk-wilrinatracted Alliance with the
Santotiii of LjiLiU!, the Kiicjol d.ttit, and other h-.^ian
I'fsnces.

Thf-y aiib laid hold c.t| th;s CXi.iHon, to fend a liilrmn
iMJifiaHy to /iinn-zilif wtio had |i;il mi.untcii the I hronc
ol the .\!cxu.\ by wlio:n they »er: moll ^!a^ loully rrtcivcil,
£ '.d an Inteii.ourli- i«t |-iicndQiip luiied Ixiwcen them:
1 hey t'v. k tlie tame Melliod wuh fcl'^dl to all the Mo-
iiarclr, ss :,-,:_ Dominions lay on the Oulph <,f lUngaJ, ami
with til" laiiic Suctcfs. It was not lon^ liowcvti, Ulorc
they taund I. -me Caufc t<j di!:cr w.th the Km ! ot .'/«<« :
l'\nji\ w!i:eii ili-y withi'.n-w their J aetufiis out ol Ins 1) ,•
minions, which fo alarmed llut I'tmte, that he imn;'
dutelvUn' l)f|«jrirs to /i.i/./i.i, li.i.i.dW the Caule ; ss|,n.li
titc CC) h:1 l!{;nrie,l to I.: -i !ya v-.;y idj.H-ciUil Ixtt-r •
O.I it-ctiv.. fi ».liirh, Ik lihiaii Amballador lo iiivitc then

I'X

oi. i;.! I ror-^ei

Aii'uia.co, mj; uuly ot KtJicf* in

I ompany accoidin!;ly rt-lcttlcd liieir lactones at 5wwanJ

Not long after the compofing thele DiflVrcnrcs, there
arolc tr. Ih (iiuundi. ot Complaint, but on the o'ppolitc
Side 1 lor the Crew ol a Dulih Bark niuidered thmy-tivf
Siiuurji- m cold Uhnh!, alter having ravilhed their Wivis
and Daughters. Uut before the Inhahiiaitj or tli ir Mo-
narch lud 1 ime to complain, the J)u,\L Council at A/j-
/«(.<; lauleii the Ot Venders to Ix- apprelu nded •, lour ot
whom they broke alive upon the Wheel, ami i\\e they
han(;'d i which f^ave liich Satisladion to the Nauves that
they never heard any more of this Matter.

In the miiill ot all thole Jiiiccelles, they could not forctt
the l,()ls ot iormo/it, or the Overtures made by thcllmin--
ror ot the 'lurt.tn \i\ China, lor rtlloring to tlum that
I'laee. There was the greater Keaton to ( xjitVl that this
Monaich would aCl lineciely with them, kcaiilc Ctxcnt,!
not fjtisfu-d with I-cimcjii and itsDe[xndencies, had ac'hiallv
made himtell Mallir ot U veral lllands en the Coall of
Cl'itiii, and tome Towns ii|)on the t oiitineiit. On the
Atl'urances tlierelore f',iven them by Mr. Her:!, who w.r
their AmlutVador to the l''imx.ror, they littcii i ut aj'ieai
Meet, conlilliri; ot no Ids than les-eiueeii Sail ot laii>,
Ships, umier the Command ot Balihijiir Bcrll', wuh t)r.
ders to join the Jartarj, andtoae'l with the iiinn-llVmoiir
aijaintl Ccxe>ii(,t. On his Arrival on the C call of L/>;«,;
Ik- lound that Conqueror in I'ollellion of the jllaiul oi
j^B.'OTCv, which the 1 ari,irs with all their I'oice were iin;
able to take Irom lum. 1 heDw/tV'Commoiioieoblervinp
that the principal Fortrcl's in thi- Jlland Itood ii|ion the Sea
Coall, relolveil to try whether it was not jiollible to t.d;c it
by AlVault i lupj>olinR that this \souKI not onlyiJnki-a
Terror into the l-.nen.y, but alfo raitc the treilit e/ th.
Jhtiil' .\rmy With the ior/i/rj i but he ijuickiy founvi, nixiu
Irijl, that the Soldiers ot (u-xen^a dul not at all ieliinl>le
any ot tlie CLu»(jc that he had Iccn, lor they !;.ive him lo
warm a Kcception, tiut he was very iix>n obliged to abandon
Ins Delign.

I le next determined to attack their Fleet, wliile the de-
neral of l\\t: 'Ittrtars eni^apid their lorces on Shore ■, to
which the latter conlentcd. lliis Meet ol Cc.v.Mii;.;'seuii-
lilled ot Icutleorc lar^e Juncks ami Twenty iir.all ones,
all tuil ot Soldiers and Seamen, and very well provided
With Brals Cannon. 'The Battle was very obihiiate ar.d
bloe>i;y, ai.d Cismga diilinj;uillied hiiid'elt as a gaiiant
Soldier, an experienced Stan. an, and a greatCaj laiti : Hl,:
the /)w/ii' laij^c S!ii|>s tore hisjiuuks toi'm.is, fi, that
alter ail l-jigayenunt whuli latled tor livual Hours lie
was forced to letuc ; but he i!id it in Order and with a
^^t^A Countenance. 'The iariar Gent ral utorc the Battle,
lKi;an to draw up his lorces in a tegular I. me, and while
It latled, h^jked on very quietly : Alur all was ever, he
cxiii.llulated this Mart, r a little warmly i but the '/ur/dr
tiemrat anlwcnd, 1 hat he could ii'jt prevail upon his
Men to right \ but in eatc tile Du!d> wouiii attack the I'.ne-
my a licoiid Time, he Ixrhcved they would lithavc iKtter
Admiral Bcr:h took Ir.s W ord, and attacked the Meet ol
Ccxenga a lecond 'Time, and r<Jiited them entirely ; But
the '/jr/.rr ticneral v,.ts iliil a Spectator as biti.rc. I hi»
Victory however, was (4 greater Conhejurnce than the lor-
mtr, liiKc It not only coll dxcn^a all nis i.cw ConqutlU,
but his late.

I he 'laritin laid hold of this Op[)urtunify to liemoliih
the lortreircs they had railed as t.ill as they kit them, and
the Dnhh Were Very brilk la c.irryiii'jj e)li wluK ver they
met with that was valuable. Attrr th:;. they nuJ.c then,-
lelves MatUis <(l tiie bland of .Imov, anel tlie Ueeovtiy ol
l-ormoja was looked U|A;n as a liiiiij^ itrtam i yet wiirn
they eamc to attempt it, they were llranp,ely dilajuHjintcilj
lor old AcKyj, wlio bad now rtcovcrcii hr. 1 alnity, eirew
togiiher the Meet and Aiii.y ot his N< p.'.ew, aid i'.il]K)teii
tviiy thin}>, in lueh a Manuel that theic was i.oliiiii;; to be
done but by I one, and even ol doinu; .uiy il.ii.f, that way
tliere was j;nat I 'lueitaiiiry. I he old (7 ;/ .■ howcvel,
lieui}; a Mall tif (^reai Wildom and Txpciume, was no'-
wiliiii", to rilqur all, it all mip.ht l<c laved witliiait nmiiini,
any I lo/iid, and iherdor'.* lud a iiiind to nu!..- I'a '

Chap. M. Ejlabl'ijhmcnt of the Dutch Eaft-India Company.

937

[u-quitkiy loimJ, iij),,!)

as very ohlluatf

with tlir 'I'.irt.irt, mul lo {.^Miit the DfiUh a St-'ttlcincnt
ami A Ircc I'l.uli', whii.li he thoUj^;ht iiiij^lucontLiit both
Parties.

The Son ol ^.Vvi »/if,;, liowcvcr, liavinp; difcovertil the
I)tlii;n, ilrlc.itcd It, aiul pruaitiiii^ himliU' to be ci-Cleil
tjiiitial, li-iAil the oKI M.iM, aiul Itiit hiiii a fccoiHl time
to jirilim, whiif, in a l-'it of Melancholy, he ciiliiatchitl
hiniliil with his own I laiuls. This young Officer iiiiieritcci
all the Spirit aiul allthr Abilities ot his Family, and ma-
naged his Allaiis with liicji Courage and Conduct, tliat the
Admiral louu found himlcll' obliged to return to lialavia
with his Meet, wiilioui beini; able to ex-jcute the Com-
inillion lie had received, which was the Uealbn that he
met Irom tiic iieiiiral and Council no extraordinary
Welcome.

'I'Jk: War in which the .St.itcs engaged with King Cbnrles
the Second, rctarde.l in lome nualure the I'rogrels of the 1
Compaiiy in the India \ and when this was iiiulhed, they
very unexpectedly louiul themielves a iivlli embanaired in
tlut I'art ot ilu- \Voild, by tiie liilults and D.'predations
committed by the Kiiii» ol Mh.ijJm; as their Writers re-
port 1 tor Ins Siilijvcls li.u! murdered lome ot the Dutch
th.uli.id laiuled ill Ins Dominions, and h.id likewile plun-
dered i'evcralMiipsilut ha I run adiore upon theCoalhot"
liis Dominions-, but Utote any llollilities were commit-
ted on eiilur .Side, a Treaty was kt on boot, by which the
Kingpiomil'ed tom.ike lull .Satislactiontor the Injuries done
to the Coiupany ; as alio to make llich ijubmillioiis as
they iliould iciiuiie tioin him on account ot thcle Dil-
crders.

The Company, however, I'ul'pcdling the Sincerity of
the King's i'lomile.s in tliisielj)C(it, thought pioper to fend
tlieir Admiral, Corndiiu Spec! man, y,ho h.ui been Governor
ol the Coall ot CoioiiuinJc/, with a Squadron of thirteen
Men ol War, and a cci tain Number of Ttanfixjrts, with
tight liundred .Soldiers on btiard, with Ordcrstofce tlic late
Treaty cxecutid according to tiie Letter in every Article ;
and he arrivid with this naval Force before Maca/dr onihc
iijth ot Pt'ioiiki; 11(00, I'hc very next Morning came two
l)ei)Uties Iroiii the Kiiij', on lujaid, and brought with them
a tlioulaiid and lilty lix Ingots of (ioLI, which had been
promiled in S.itislaCtion tor the Murder of the Dulih ; and
alio the .Sum ol Une tliouliuid tour hundred and thirty-
live Kix Dollars, in S.itistactioii for the Vellels that had
ken pKindervd, luit at the lame lime they declared in the
Name oi the King their Mailer, thit the .Submillions re-
cjuiud ot limi were inconlillent with his Dignity ; and
ihereloie luih as he coul.l not i:omply with. As this was
prccilely what tl; ' Company expected, and as they were al-
io intornicd th.it the King ot Macijj'iir h.ul lent a large
Meet III order to attack the llland of Bsuton, Admiral
.'>'/'tv/;«.;/i immediately declared War-, and having made
two Drlleius mHin the I'liemy's Country, lairicd otf an
incridib'

le (Quantity ol I'luiuler, burned tifty \iilages to
the tiiuuiul, and alioin an hundred of his Siiips in his
lorts.

After fo lignala Ueveng" the Admiral failetl from Afa-
(iijjitr in order to n iieve the Illaiul ot fktc^u, which was
luid prilled by the Meet and Army, which the King of
AUu,t£ut had liiit .igainll it \ Ailniiral Spdlman arrived
lieloie that I'Ute the lall Day ot the Year l)etoie-menti-
«»iied i aiui (in t\i\~ -i riii'jp.iY, 10();, he forced a I'af-
tage with his Iniall N eili Is into the 1 laven of Hoiiton, and
llun proeieded to attempt the Kelicl of the City, which
was liefi.ged tiy the King ol .\l.h\;jjhr\ (ieneral, at the
1 le.id ot ten ilmulaiid Men. Hat tlic ])iiu/> att.icking
thrill in their i'.iitieiu hmeiit , and fmdiiig Me.ins to let
tlieir M.i-a/.iius on lire, loivevi them immediately to
raile the ,Si. .;t. ^ wliieii Dilaitcr w.is lollowed by fuch
a I'l.i.ligioiis Del. rtion among the lioops of their Allies,
whiih ni.ule up theb''il I'.ut ol thnr Army, that the tie-
imals ol the Ki!';; ot .W.i.,;//,:r I. nind themklves obliged
W) eiitri into a luaty with t!ie Di(U>.' .Admiral ; and be-
ing able io olii.iin no I'ctier re:iii.s, lui remit ud at Dil-
«'• ti'.ii. riiii^ this War \\.istntlid in the Sp.ue of four
Muiiths With griai (.jluiy tti the Compar.y.

i'lie tiiil thing iluy did was to dilaim their I'rifoncrs,
ol wlmni tiny lent livi thotil.nul live huiuire^l to people a
iltliit llland II )t tar tiwiu liyuior.. Fuai hundred ot ihtiu

N y M 11. ('4.

they kept for Slaves, antl five thoufand Bougies, or .Aux-
iliaries (jf different Nations, they tlelivered up to the Kiiij

uh ■ •

of Pnliicca, who had been their faithful Ally during the
Continuance of this War. They rcllored to the King of
Houton three hundred Veffels, together with whatevii
Plunder had lx;en taken from his Subjects by the F.nemy,
and could be found after their Defeat ; the rell ol the
King of A/rJfrt^r's Junks they incorponited with their own
Fleet of Tranfports, and with an hundieil and ninety-live
Stantlards, and all the Arms and Ammunition of the
F.nemy, with the principal Officers of their Army, whom
they kept Prifoners. Admiral Speelman returned in Tri-
umph to Batavin, where he was received with univerfal
Applaufe.

The ¥J\ngoi Macajfar however remained ftill fixed to
his Purpofc i and notwithllanding all thele Loffes, ablb-
'utely refuted to fubmit to the Terms which the Company
pielcribed i but knowing, by Experience, that the whole
Force of his llland would not be fufficient to protedt him
trom their Refentmcnt, he refolved to employ his Endea-
vours in perfuading moll of the little Sovereige.s, who
were his Neighbours, toaflin: and fui^poit him in his De-
ligns, which he ileclared to be no lets than fhaking oii'tho
Yoke of the Dutch Company for good and all. Tie llic-
ceeded fo effectually in iii.ikiiig thi> Alliance, thatAdmiral
Spcclmmt was obliged lu li>llicit all the Dutch Ci;nte, '.crates
tor their Allillance ; and, at lalf, having drawn together
all the Force they could raile, he, on the Sth ot June^
lailed from yhnlsyna with lixtccn Veffels, great and Itn.-.H,
and fourteen S.'iiillops, on board of which were the .Suc-
cours furiiinied by the King of Palacea and Tcrnate. He
failed lirll to Bouion, but in his I'affagc Part of his Fleet
was Icparated, which, however, did not hinder him from
landing in fcveral Places on the Coalf of MacnjJ'ar, where,
notwithllanding the great Inecjuality of the others in I'oinc
of Numbers, he iiad tolerab'e Succels.

At length, on the 19th of 'Ji'ly, in the Morni.ig, he
attempted to force a PalVage into the Port of Ahaijiir,
but III this he was dilappointed ; tor the King having
erected a Royal Fort for the Defence ot the I'lace, the
Dutch, alter twenty-four Hours cannonadihg, were forced
to retire. A few Days after the Admiral was joined by
that Part of the Fleet which had been feparated from him
by the Storm i and, on the Second of .luguji, he made a
Delccnt with his whole F'orce at a Place called iilijjon.
The Army of the Company conlilled of fix hundreti
Dutch I'roops, three hundred dilciplined Irdians in their
Pay, three thoulijnd Men from lernate and Bouion, fcvca
thoufand Boitgeis, eight hundred Seamen, and two inde-
pendent Companies, under the Command of the Captains
"Jonckcr ami Strykcr. But the Forces of the linemy were
incomparably greater ; for they amounted to no fewer than
twenty thouland Men, under the Command of all the
iittle Kings and Princes that the Monarch oi ALcaJJ'ar
liad drawn over to his Party.

Admiral Sfeehnan kept the main Body of his Forces
near his Fleer, and detached one hundred Men, the bravell
ami the bell armed under his Command, to attack the
Callle of Glijfon in the Night. The King of Pj/jda^
who w.is intrulled with the Management of this Affair, ex-
ecuted it with fuch Courage anil Condudt, that, by three
in the Morning, he became Mailer of the Place, of winch
lie gave Notice to the Dutch Admiral, who immediately
lent him fuch Reinforcements and Supplies as were requi-
fite to prefervc it. This was a dreaeltui Blow to the F.ne-
my ; and as the Admiral very jullly toreliiw, the tiril thing
they did was to attempt the Recovery of it, in which, how-
t ver, they were lb tar from fucceeding, that after three ge-
neral Allaults, in each of which they loll a great Number
of Men, they were forced to give over that Delign ; nei-
ther W.IS this all, tor taking Advantage of the Situation
111 tins Fortrels, luch Multitudes ot Bombs ;uid red-hot
Bullets were tired tiom tlienee into the F'.nemy's Camp, as
threw them into the utmolt Conllemation .iiv.l Conluiion,
which Opportunity was not let llip by the Dutch lieneral,
who, with the belt Part of his Forces, attackeel the F'ne-
my's F'ntreiKhments, at the fame time that a vigorous
Sally was m.Kle from the CalUc, which obliged the hnemy
tu quit ull their Polls.

II F Ce-

il .h

"m ■■ m

ir<

•S

Jfih^ihSl Hijhn of the Kiji\ Picgrefs^ and Book I.

' ry<

I ii

'iiiir

.irkcil his I'orcfs an^^ lTrtyot'trailii-(; with ^;/r6/iM«.r, all the /:v£«mw Natinn?
IcdIcJ in till- /</,//! .( llioiiKI W tnii( t SpvLt.itors of ,i \\,f
whuh fii nuuh 'oiKirncil tlicm, witlidut inrtrpolintrm the
Icall for the I'rdi-i vjtioii ot thole wIki W( re crrjai'-il
ilicir Cault- a-. nuK h a<. in tlicir ciwn. Il they haj I'tirrcii ry
r<) httle, wc may lafiiy ililtcrn.cvrn (ifnii thirc /)j,/ri ^\.

tivi.;ial Si •■.'.!« r<)o:i al'.'T in'.!>
traniprtfd ihiitii tc aii'"t!it|- I'lrt »« tlit Illami, %vhi-rc he
coininiticd pa-ar K»\.»i;is .tiiii «'-llioyeKl a preat Muhi-
ni.)c ••! VilUii'.. A<.thii\\.>; was aj)nar; ii:!y attrmlcJ
W'lj meat LoiVi and Iniciwnuiuits on Nuh Suksl^l'^'-
tir> V. :rr ,it :..t) d'.ot'cn, t'l ti) wliaf uHilil be n >i.f to*arii^

<l I'-'iinj; 3 iVai r Thi Kii-ot l/.»<..Y;'.jr was viry unw.l- anints that the Km}; <.f .\;,irr/or aiij his AILrs n.j'oiVt
' ii;th, have b:-(n KipiKirtCii in tluir I'liKnfiiJiis, and nuiilit hav

hrig t« lit rhfic IV!t'.HUt,an» U- (|'un »i\it to any !pni;tl:
bfra-i.c he tunnJ hn /«.i.."-; Ah.is kicl'.rtug hini I'V l)<--
{^rri", anii riwk.nii; Fiatr loi tininlclvcs w\ the IhI\ Terms
tl»cy Cwlil i wiiiih Kx.i;npU' "I thiirs hr nlolv.-ti to tol-
low, bv li:l;miitinj< to liuii lumsa". he ohjIiI prt, whuli
wrrc-. m.iiCii, none n|' ihc moil ualbnablei ami 1) tiie
'I"r. .'.fv Was iviniiKliil en l!u- I'.thof \c:fih.'rr, lOc-: \
ioci.;-.liij.ivi>f ol xsiikli. till Kf^rnts of the lllanJ, an.i
am) all the neighbc-uring rii.icts,' .u well as the Km^ of
Mj(.[l'ir, iVr.t a tiwnifroii'i ami lulemu I .iiilun'y to th*

Ken rnablcii to have thrown off' the ^okeof th^' Diiut
\'o tl'.at if Batbaiity rcnllllj as fiirdy with rrtjicct tu Ni!
tiiins it thns, in |iolitical b'.nor.inec, ti). the l-Mrc-tani
in the hdin may. with greater Julhce, i ililej b.\tbt.
rims than the jxxir Natives, who certainly ilid all tt.-y
eoiikl •, ami the wiklf, j',rcatelt, anil braveil Xatiuiis na-c'
i!i.i limn-.

My third Remark is, that tlic Iniluins who ioincd wnK
the Dutih, were I'.neniifs to themfclvi', and by dcllroy-

Gvjvernof-(nncra'. 'Jcln .\,.t ifuubir M [iiita\i.i, to make ing the I'ower ot the Kin^; o( Muafir, not only tontri-

their Siibmillion to the Comjuny. biital to the Kiiin (.t the only Monaieh who imdcrlliAjJ

All tins Time the Duid< Army a i.l Meet rontiniied in and inirlned the tiue Ir.terell of the Indtani w genera', but

tilt Iikuid, anvl the rainy Seal.'n coming on, there eiil'uei! Iikewii-,- luliverted aixi took awav tluir i)\vi\ Impiirtance:

luch a Mortality among them, as induced the JnJiaiu tn Fur, while the Kint; of .U.jc<;/.;r continued a great and

!u)i>e thiy miglit gam fome Aiivantaj;'S over tlu-m, by iKiwerkil I'riiire, the Dutib h.^il-InMa Company confi-

which t!i;y were tempted to break the I'eace, which they dered. and mutt have always conrufcred (uch I'rmccs as

('.;d by mall'icnng a !;re3t Nii;nbrr of the liyinp Soldn i?,
and two of their Captains ; upon wliiih the War broke
(Hit again, and contiir.ieil w;:ii as girai \ i.ilcntc as ever
tor two Years ■, in winch lime the Siuuls ot Admiral
^p(\r,u:H was lij preat, and the Calamities he brought up-
on the Natives of A/.».ii/.ir w>re lb nunv and lo heavy,
that, at laiU th<y were lori cd to impli..." a I'race, to
lend a new I'mbally to B.:t.r.i ', Anil to make all thr Sub-
mi fi; jns thi- Lumpany coul.i require ; and, after all, tliey
were left to the Mercy ol S^fflm.m, who, by a rew 1 reaty,
rone in. 'cii on the iftb ot Junf it>()0, not only renewed

lived in |-'riendlhij) with them in the J.ight of Allies, jr.d
durll nes'er have treated thern but ai Allies ought to be
treated. Hut when this I'owcr was gone, whieli maJc their
Kriendlhip lo necelVary, and ot fuih Import.incr, they be-
came as ir.uch the ValFals, at much the .Servants, or, as I
called them Ix-fore, the .Slaves ct the Dtmi', m that Kin?
•ind thole I'rinees, who by their Atlilfance, the LiutU-
luh.iueii. 'I"h;s is a very uletul and a very imj)oriant Ld-
lon , tor Men are the lame in Eurcf>t and in the Indiei.

It IS now time to relvime our Hiftory, which leads me
tn take Nt.tice, t'lat while the J:i{l-ln,!iii Ct.'nipany car-

thclrcaiics cf tlw: I'jth u\ .iuj^uj}, tOOo, and the iSt!> ricd all bctorc them abroad, the Rej •ibhck was txccb

of .V«r»T('rr, lOO;, but alio imjxjicd upon them other
Co;i(ii;ions ib.i more ! 7:1 voui and more intolerable. Hy
tins ricAiy the Company became entirely Millrcfs ol the
Commerce ol the lllands of CciV.v;, which, though very
confidfiable in ilfclr, was Aill more lo by being tak'n
lion: . , Eurcfdin Nations, who under Colour ot trail-
i.ig lor the ComniiHlities ol the blauils, came in for a
conlu'.crabic Share of t!ie Trade in Spices ■, to that ii iVrved
likcwilc to Ircurc to the l)ut(h what was ot mote Cor.l •■
qvier.cc to then^ than any thing cllV, their ablolutc So-
vereignty over the M'/Mcci.

I have ()ctn the more iyrticiilar in wtitinp t!>e I Iii>ory
cf liiis War bom the Memoirs tununrvi me by the Du.'cb
Autiu'T', iKcauIc It IS the latl (,t any Confeijueiicc that the
Csjm(M; y has liinal 0:1 in the IrJu , and lus, w:f!» re-
ljK«;t to the Natives, cllabliflifd their I'o.vcr lo citcctually,
that there is no great Daugir ot their being obliged to
I'uilain Inch another War. Ikiore I ju.t liowcvcr w!th
lii.s Su'.'cCt, 1 Ihall take thr Lilx-rty of makirg a tew
U'-uuiks, fiT the fak ■ ot luch Readers as leek fnllruc-
ticji! Mti'.er than Amuliment, ami arc truly del'irous ot
u«:Jr.'iUc..;i! g vslut II) tiiis Section I lave un.lertaken
iv txpi.'.;i.

My iiiil (J{)kr\'»tion is, tliat how i.ile and luibarous
liK vcr W'- mty cllccni thile Nations, yet moll evident it i»,
iliat t!:e King <A M.u.ijj.ir ait.d like a great and wile I'o-
htii.an, aiui tiwt tiic ln.unn I'rinies, who joined with
him, were et^nrefy guu;cd by a Principle ol ] ubluk S) 11 it,
at..t a very jutt and rational Dclirr i,t prelcrvinga Ballancc
I.J I'owei in thole I'arts lijvjn whicii their own itnmeiliatc
'Misty and quiet Jnioynient ot their nonunions drjynded.
i.'icy O'.ilca.'ritd imleed, b-it .t was m a ni.bleCaule,
.-.i«J iv<:» their .Milcarri.tge Icillicirisily prov-s the Recti-
tjde ij| ih'.r l:.tciitii,i ■■. ; tor fince tiie Cc/ni lulion ot
this iauil I'race, to which they were t;rivrii by ablo-
lutc Nftrrtity, they have loll all Commcree with Stran-
fV"f'. anil ^re, to all Intents and I'urjxiles, the S'allaU, or
io IjHak in plain /•.«;- /{//^, the Slaves ol the J)uiJ\ 'I tus
pl4i'>ly IIkav, th.it the Ballaiuc ol I'ower is not I'.nh a
t Jiim- la 3- )<>tnr J'lopic woulil reprcl.iit it •, aiul my next
Krtiuiik -All! makf this Ibil morcevuleiit.

It n vciy ittangf, itat w.'iile thclt hiJutn I'ri.-.ds wrre
*.',• (.r.!y ti;',litii.g |.,f then i-.sn Iretsluin, but lor the J.i-

fivcly didrcfl'ed at home ; for now it was that the Irtr.ih,
iealous ot her I'ower, and the hitj^i'/b, in Rcrentment cf
tormer Iniunes, cortiirrei! in that fatal Alliance, whiWi
was v(ry near brin[;i:ig the States as low as when they titll
fti'Kik olTthc 'J'yranny of the Sfaitiarih \ ray, whiih ai-
tu.i!ly did bring them into luch Dillrefs, that it is rejKjrtt J
tliat they ha ! once thought ot Icekirg that I'rot; ciion Irum
their £''_,'?-/'»i/(d Company, wliith thiy had hitherto al-
lordtd It, and ot transtcring that Government to fe/j:;tf,
which they alnn/ll dclp.iirrd of prelerving at the Ur.jke.

I'roviJcnce however intcrpotid, and by touching the
I Irarts of the I:n^!ijh Nation with a generous Concern for
their Neighl»urs, whom though they nught wifh to ftc
humbled, yet they hail no Driirc, as indeed they had no
Interrll to Ire them dellroveit, delivered them treni this
Calamity, ar.d raited them once more to I'uwer and l-rcc-
dom.

Vet the I'.fljllndtii Company, though it felt but little
of this Storm, was not altogether exrn)]H trom its f nrve,
fine the l-rnub lent a powerlul .S.juadron into the /t./ic'J,
with a View to have torn from them a Part ol tl.rir Po:
lefl"ions. This .Scjuadon was commandnl l)y the Sieur cr
la ll.y, who projxiiti firll attacking (.''\lcn, with a View
to make the imuh Mailers oi the tir.namon Trade at
(jnce, as the Hiortrll Means of ir,tr(Kh;r:e.g the ('onimercs
ot the Indus aciording to the I'rojd't ot one Mi. Ctn't,
a trenth Rch.g'-e, who lud l)ren long in the I)'.t:cl.- hiij!-
h.iia CoMipanj'i .''erviie, undcrllood thrir Allans |h.t-
In ily well, and made Ins I'eace at hori-.c by Ix-traying all
he knew. This Man emlarked «';i Btjurd the Meet, and
was princi|>ally licpended uixjii in the Manaj'enient ot
every thiiig. It (ani.ot Ik- denied, that he ferved the /.'.'«>i'
Mmility Very tli<iiually 1 but they h.id i.(Jt liithviernly luti-
fulerrd the Jmi'cjrtance of the J'xjK-dition in ssluch th:y
cmployiii lum, or tlic l-e.'ce ot the Knrniy with ni.om
they had. to ileal ■, tor il'they fiad, they woulvl undoubtedly
have lent a I'econd Sijuadron to have liip{X)iTcd t!ut \'.hich
Mr. Hay commanded ; and this might has'e been of I'me
I Mr i bur, as It was, it only Ihewcl the Dn^Kjfitioii of the
licnil, and lirv i 10 | ui the l)hti.i,- upon thi-ir duard.

In till- Sumn.T <.f th- Year 16- ,•. the trcmb Meet ap-
[.ciod <,n thr WilbCoall ol t.'ie Illaiid of Cry'itH, aii.l
immcinti ly jjtided and attacked the Citadr! uf /ri-fi*''

■ m^

^ni

l'>ook I.

Chap. II. b.jlahlijlnnht of ik: W\W\\ Kalt-lndia Company. ^^^^

ill

'!''■■ f '"■«;'•'"' Nation,
" t V-«:t.'t"rs of ., \\„
'tl'<'Utint.ri;oll„j,,n,|,j

» f">in tlulo Duui Ar
"(^^"''S a.^d n„g!;t have

frrr.imly ii,(l all tf -.
id biavoil \4jiij,,, „^./^

W.//VIW who ioincci »;t|,
^(flus and byddhoy.
"J/A'r. not only tonin-
lonaid. who undcrltixjj
'-'/""""'^ II. grricra', Lut
t'mr own linportaricc-
■a.ntinmd .1 jjaat and
■;."';"' (-"i^nipa„y lonli.
ili'.crrd lucli J'nnces m
I'c J .i^ht of AIJii's, and
t ;u Allirs ought to be
f;o>.r. Hhiri, n,^.;^ ,,_^^^

I' lni{^ort,incc, they \x.

1 the Servants, or, as 1
'ic- Diiitb, .li that King

Alliikancr, the Lut%

a very imjxjriant U(-
r' and in the India.

il^'Tv, which leads nie
■il-hiJui O.inipntiy car-

H'-ji!)lick was txccC-

It w.H that the litncl-,
t'':*, m Kelcntmcntof

(at.ll Alliance, wlmh
4 low as whin thiy (irll
fiarth; nay, whiih ai-
Irrls, that It h rrj)ortcJ
•'[\ ffiatl'rofrc'iontrom

th'V had hitlurio af-
lovtrnment to Hciaiia,
I'Tving a: the //,yw.

and by toiuhin'i; the
a ^rnerous Cuicrin tor
hey ir.ight with u, k-'

as iiuirrd they lud no
liverul then) fVcni thi?
>rc to i'owcr and Ir:c-

liouf;h it fdt lot JittJe
rxeniiH troni its J orcc,
Hudron into tiie /»./;.-;,
1) a I'art ol il.nr Pol-
[lar.drd l>y tlic Suur ar
'K OiAff, with a View
ic t uinanicn Tra,!;- 4;
rxiwn.g the C'onimiTci!
ti^t ot one Mr. Cann,
jnp in the l):i:ck hijl-
ocd thnr Allaire jier-
hori-.c by Ittrayinj; all
I Board the I lert, and
the Ntana<',enitnf ■'!
.It he lerA'ed the hfv.^v
h.ui MJt rul?i.ir:nly eu.'i-
[H'dition in which they
IC Knrniy wuh v^hom
iry wouid lindoubtfdlv
r lu^ijxiitcd that v^hich
l\\\. have been of I'onie
t!»c Dirpfitioi) of the
' upon th'-;r (luaid.
;, the ircti.b hicct ap-
Ili.iml of Cry'tH, ail.!
d:e Citas'r! of Irr^ni-

I'Ht,',

ma'f, of which tliey becam'- Maflers ; ami liy l.iii I'lO-
tnilci, and ma^;nifyinft the I'owcr of the /■),«./> Kmi',
dfcw the Nativci to join with them •, To that thus tar they
had all the Su.c.-fs they coiilil expert. Hut itinquimali!
was a I'lacc ot too great Importance for the I oinpany to
let it remain long in the I lands of thefc new Coiiqiurors \
they therefore lent L'ommoilorc Gotns from liatavia with
a Fleet of fixteen .Sail, ail of them larpc Ships, and well
m.vnn\l. On the firll Apjiearancc c.f this .Si]iiadron Mr.
de Id Hay retired with liis .Ships to Smiit, le.ivinf? a jmall
Oartilbii in his ncv* Conquert. 'rheCdnimodori blinked
up 'Irtnquimalt by Sea, and debarking his I'orces, belie(i,ei|
it at the fame time by land -, li) that lie lijon recovered 11,
together with one hundred and twelve I'ieecs of line Bial.-
Cannon, which the imuh had left there for its Defence \
lo that here ended their Views upon (>y/««, almofl M lixin
as they berran.

But Mr. de la Hay, when he came to Sural, ndviled
with Mr. Qiron about the Meafures which they IhouKI
next take •, and, purfuant to his Advice, refolvcd to at-
Mck the Kortrcisof St. Thomas, yi\\\c\\ about twelve Years
before, the Dutth h.id taken from the Portugune \ ami in
this ludden Attempt they were as lliccefstul as they h.id
Ixen before in furprizing Trinquitnale, and jull as unlucky
in keeping it. After leaving a good (urrilbn here, and
feeing the Magazines put into the bell Order pollible, the
Siiur de lit Hay thought proi)er to return to Irance with
the only .Ship that was left of his Squadron. But it fell
out unluckily enough for him, that even this poor Con-
ibiation of bringing iiomc a few of the People he had car-
ried out, was denied him ; tor in the Road of Ijjhon, hi«
only Ship was wrecked, by the Malice ol his I'llor, as it
was lijppofed, more than by any Violence of VN'tather \ the
jatherbt-iaufe Mx.Caron, two Captains, and fevernl other
Otficcrs were drowned in their Endeavour to get alhoiv
in the l.ong-boat, which was the Ktfert, as 11 luppolcd,
of I'onie Praiflices which the Trcichery of Caron to the
Duub put them upon taking •, but as this is a bare Siif-
picion, and alifolutely deftitute of Proof, to infill upon
it farther would W needlcls.

This was the lull Attempt made againft the Commerce
of the £((/?-/«./; J Company -, and during the Remainder
of tlic Century, they were continually improving and aug-
menting both their Power and their Comm.-rce \ li» that
at the Clofe of it, they weie in a much better Cunilitiim
than ever-, for in the Year 16S7, we tind that they
brought over Oru; hundred and leventy tlioufand i'oiinilit
Weight of Cinnamon ; and yet they brought over ids
that Ytar than they had done for many Years l)etbre,
which (hcvss the proiligious Importance of their being
lolely polVdVcd of the Illand of Ceylon. On the nth ot
.liigujt i()()8, tikir Charter was renewed for forty
Years, whiili gave them linh an AccelVion ol Power and
Credit, as rendered them almoft as conl'iderable in the
I'.yes of all Lurcpe,A', they were before in the Indies : And
luving fiid that, it may teem altogether unnecclVary to
add any thing by Way ot ! xplanation.

i;. We have now co.uiucteil the HitWy of this fa-
moiis Company, from its earlielf Kitablilhment to the Be.
ginning ot the prclLnt (^ eiitury ; and for what regards tlir
Tianlactions thereof fvom thence to the preli nt 'lime,
there IS lb much laid in the Tirll Chapter ot this Work in
the Account wc have given ol Commodore Rojigr^t'eitif
that tlicre teems to be the Iffs Occafion tur our inlilling
■much on that Subject here, therctorc we lliall content our-
Iclves with mentioning only a few Particulars that have
iiot hitherto tallen in our Way ; that as far a^ in our Power
lies, there may he nothing delii ieiit in the treating a .Sul).
jcit lo curious and important in itfelf, and the Knowledge
of which is lb peculiarly rccellaiy to a trading Nation,

In the firll Pl.ice, though we have mentioned them or-
calioiully btloie, we will more exactly liiilinguilli the
Dares of the Company's Charters; the r.iiliei, bccmle
imiiy ot the Duicb Writers are not very ex.icl in that I'ai
titular. The lirll Charter was dated the icth of Mar(l>,
ito2, ant! was to continue for twenty-one Years. 'I'he
lecond w.is pr.uitnl the Ye.ir in whiih the lornu'r cxpireil,
tor the like Terin, but with this Wiriatiim, that it was to
conimcficc lioiii ih* liill ot 'January, iO:j, lo that U ile-

trrmiiied in ir,44, when they procured a new Charter for
ill'' lame Ternj. Their fourth Charter Ixirc Date the 7tli
ol l.lniary, 166;, and was to extend to the 3 ill of
lieiemhr, 17001 but the Company thought proper in
i(i«/H 10 obtain another Charter for forty Vears, from the
Utierminatioii of that which was theu in being. Anil,
iigatii, 111 the Year 1717, the Company thought it requi-
lile lo apply lor new lavours, but they were not able to
obtain II new Charter, as they expcrted -, however tlicy
pidttiicd A Placard, by which the States-General forbad
all their Subjeifls to find any Ships to the liaJl-Jndtcs, or
any where within the Limits of the Company's Charter:
I liry hkewili' prohibited their Interfering in any manner
in the Commerce of the Indies, without the Licence of
the I oinpany tirll had and obtained for that Purpofe 1 as
alio to liave any Concern in foreign Companies, or to
li'i ve on board any of their Ships ; which Pri-cautions were
ihouglit nrcclfary not only for the Ecjt- India Company'.'-.
Seiiiiiiy, but lor the j)referving this rich and Unelicial
'i'raile to the .Subjei'ts of the Repuhlick.

There happened, about the '1 imc that their Charter
(hould h.ive l)cen renewed , fomc Commotions in the
hidiet, which had like to have been of very fatal
Conli'tiuencc to their Klfablifliment ; and of which wc
Imve not, as yet, received in Europe any Account ot"
thrli- Traiif.ii'lions that can be thoroughly depended ujxjn ;
all wc know ot them is this, that the Conlpiracy having
been dil'coveied among the Chinefe at the very Juncture
that It (hould have been executed, the Governor was con-
Utained to have Rccourfc to the moit tpeedy Methods for
lecuring the Safety of the Inhabitants, and preferving the
City and Portrcls of Batavia from falling into the Hands
of the j'.nemy. It was in Conlequence of this NecctTity
I liar all the Seamen were landed from the Fleet, and had
the I'Idiuler Bivcn them of the Ci/wc/f Suburb, to en-
courage tlicni to ferve the Company cffeftually, which
they dill, by attacking and putting to the Sword the grcat-
rll Part of the Confpirators. By this fpeedy and levere
I'roceeding, the City and the Dominions of the Compa-
ny in the illand of Java were prcferved, but not without
A vail ly.lUilion ol Blood, which was followed by a formi-
ilalile Rekllion, that was not iupprelTed for fome time.

Siith as favoured the Governor and Council of the /«-
///(*(, prcleni* tliat all thii was owing to the Wickednefs
and 1 reacliery of the Cbinefe, who, notwithftanding the
Mihlnt^s of the Company's Adminiftration, had formed
n deep aiul dark Conlpiracy, the Dcllgn of which was to
fXtiliMto totally the Dutch that were fettled in Bata-via
and I'late* adjacent. Such agai- a« .^re Enemies to the
dovrrnor and his Council, attri' -led the whole of this
iiliiody Afiair to their M.ile-adminiftration ; and would
liave us believe tliat the Chinefe and their Accomplices,
were driven into all they did by the moft iiorrid OpprcRl-
010, in order to alfbrd an Opportunity for thus falling up-
on and dcllroying tliem, and thereby putting it out of
fluir Power to demand the immente Sums of Money
whii h were due to them from fuch as were induflrious ia
briii|',in|!; this Calamity ujxjn them. Some again who pre-
lend to Ijiciik impartially, without Favour to the CMnefc,
cii' I'lejudiie to the (iovernor, give quite another 'I'urn to
this Allan, and tell us that he was lb far from being au
i'.neiny to the Chwcfe, that he had been rather too much
ihrlr l''iiend i -md lor the fake of confiderabic Sums of
Money mmS leveral rich Prefentsth.U had been nude hin),
gianted them fuch 1 ibcrties as were inconliltcnt not only
\Mili the Interell, tnit with the Satety of the Company,
which were the true Caufes ot their endeavouring to fub-
vert the Ciovetnnient, and to make themlelves Matters of
Haiavia, and the Country aliout it, agreeable to the true
N.iMitc ol the Chimp, who are known and acknowledg(\l
ihroupjimit the Eatl, to be an inlolciu, ungrateful, and per-
fidious I'eople.

Ilowiver this M.ittrr might be, it made a prodigious
Nolle 111 Europe \ and Baron Imhojf, the p^refent Gover-
nor.! irneral, was lent over to Bata-jia to I'ettje the Con-
ceii\so| the I'olony and Company, and to make a very
lliii't i'luiiiiiy into this Affair. The Charter of the Com-
pany, when It was near expiring in 1740, w.is renewid
only loi onu Year > but lincc that 'I'imc, all Afuirs iiave

bc:n

111

940

AJ'ucciNcl I/ijhry of the A'/fcy Prfif^n/'s, atid I](H)k I.

'^ .

•Il

14 1: '

I'crn »iliun(il in the /w.//«, ami at Ilotiv, to the Satil-
'.iction txisli of thf t'onn>.iiiy anil uf thi dovcrmmnt, as
fhill U llirwn lurcaltcr. At |iriknt, it is our Hulincls to
fli.-w, .ilt>r giving lo copious an Actoiint ot tht-tirowth
anil tiriiuliiir o( th;* Company, how lu. Atia.rs an- inn-
dudcii, and what lorm ot Clovirnnv.nt it is, that h.is
been .iL>li, not only to rcmifr a Ikxiy ot Mrrc.uiits tor-
niklablf to the ynatiU Monarchs in the A.';/, hut to ac-
quire thrni 1 Nonunions very hitle inferior to any ot thric
Moiu.'i-hs .if.,1 Revenues Armies ami Meets, luperior
to moti 1)1 thcin ; this is a 1 hiPR lb aihnirahle in itl'ell,
anvl ilem(iiiltr.ttes lb clearly, what it is in the Power ot an
rxicniiveanil wril regulated Commerce to do, that I (latter
myUll my Ki.ider will juy a very llriU Attention to the
ftiilowmg Accuunt ot it.

10. 1 hcj w.'o'e Bufincl's in India is divided into Go-
venunents and Dnec'lit.ns, after the following Manner :
I. Bi'.aM.i is the chict and cajital, where rcfidc the Go-
vern"! General, and Council ordinary of India, to whom
aifj till (iuverimeni^ ami Pirct'lionsare Uilxirdinate, I'end-
ipp their .Xcmiints t(» them, the Ball.ince whercot is en-
tcrcil ii-.to tiir Accounts-Cieneral ot /«./»./, kej't there; bc-
f'vlis which, there are fcveral IMaces immediately under
the (iMvernment and Dirertion of the (iovemor and Coun-
cil ot fti.'JVM, \-iz. Japan a Chief-lTiii), Tcnjyin a Chief-
fliip, Muajfcr a Commamlant, Siam x Chiet-rtiip Ban-
tan a lavtory. "Japjra a lactory, 'Jambtt a Chicf-lhip,
y'.;,.'<Jw^tfTO a Chiil-lhip, .Atj^j* a Chief-ftiip. II. Am-
Icxna a liovrinment, under which arc Icveral KlaiuJs,
where tluy pjy a yearly I'enfion to the Inhabitants, not
'o futVer (.love> or other Spices to grow. III. Banda is a
Government, and under ii arc fiveral lllands, to the Na-
tives of which they hkewil'c [ay Money yearly to dclhoy
the Spue. I\'. •7cr«.;/e is a Government. V', ALiJada
ii a Government. VI. /.tUn, ut Cnlinf is a Government,
where t!;cy have many Fai'tones, and all their Accounts
arc lent to Ci'.uml'Oy the phncipal Place. VII Coibin u a
Government, and under it lies all tJie Malabar Coalh
Vlll. Tc/Vco/ is a Government, under which arc the Coalls
{)i drnmandtl inA Ff^u. IX. fl<wjfd/ is a Dire<J\ion, and
u'uicr It, all the Fat'tories in that IJay ■ l/ugUy is the Chief
Imn wher.cc they lend thiir Accounts to Bdtavia. X. Su-
ral^ an</ther Diri^ton, under which arc many Factories.
XI. Ptrfia a Direction, the chief Kcfideiicc Ciomhrotn,
aii.i uoi^er it arc l/patjn and B^jjira. XII. Capt of GcoJ-
Lfii Goverunuiit, and under it, the Maurtiioj, vi llland
ol PriiK'e Mituritt.

lo uiidtiitand this }yrfi-..'lly, it muft be obfcrvcd, that
GivcfMiients are when i!,c Places arc their own, Dirciftions
whc!> they a-'c und.cr a foreign pni.ce, and have no Garri-
(ons. B.:ia:ia exceptni, :io Government, Direction or
C o«ima:)d, hath Precedence of Place •, but the Perfons
i 1 thole Places, and all other Degrees and Qualiucs ukc
Puce according to their Seniority in ILinding.

'I'liis Atc< unt ruiFiciemiy explains the general Scheme
of their Government, from whriue we rtiall dcl'cend into
particulars, that it may ajijxrar, with iiow much Wildom,
Jullicc ar.J Prudence, all things arc regulatal by this Com-
par.y, to j>r;vcr.t either Conuption or Conluiion, which
lliough it IS vciy probable they may net abloluttly do,
yrt It Is viry cc:'..!i.i, they mull do it in a great Mealurci
for oilirrwin tlvc C omj>ai,y'i ;\tVairs mull have fallen long
ago into a very dillractcd State, whereas, wc fee them at
tlus Day, !:i as g(xjii a Cjiuhtiun as ever.

1 Ms 1 conceive to be rl'p<cially owing to that Nicety
of Judgment Ihewn in adjulting all their Sallaries, and Al-
luwaiKcs lur Diit, to tiic fevcial *^.uliti(S an»l Degrees of
thi-ir .Sttvants, lo that none has cither lo little ;is to Ijc
jii.hcd I/,' Nccciruy, nor any lo nuith as to let them
alxjvc the Piitormancc of their IXity, which is, generally
fjx-akirg, the Kuin ot luch (iOVernment^ as jiuiliic a con-
trary Coniiuc; •, i<;r the mure eal'y undrrilaiiding of this
Point, wc rti.tll take their interior OHker-i tuii, and lb af-
L.n\ ^raduaiiy to the (jovcri.ur deneial tit the InJui.
'I'lie uiidcr-aH.iUnt, Scrive ror Wiiier, is liit- lowill Degree,
ami i»f liielly lupphcd witli Suldicis, lakciioutot the C.uarib,
from iiiiu- to laurteen Guildeis />er mtnfim. Next is the
AfTilla:.! at twc aty <iuilder\ p<r minfim Salary, and lour
Ru-doliari U" t. Alia luin titc u^jpcraliulaut. Buuk-

kcejier, or Secretary, from twenty-eight to thirty (ix (luP
ders pir meiiffm Salary, and lour Kix doll.n-. Dm i„
the fourth Place, thr I 'ndtr-copeman, hoin thirty- li.x m
forty-live (iuilders p<r mtnfon Salary, and eight Rix-dol-
lars Diet. Then the Copeman trom llliy t,, (ixty-live
Guilders ptr mfnfm Salary, and eight Uix-dollars Diet
Next to him, IppercoiKm.m, from liglity to one hiiiii
ilred ami twenty Guilders per menjm Salary, ard twclv-
Rix-doflars Diet : Some from the leflVr Chambcis arc lint
out at levcnty two Guilders ptr mcnftm Salary.

At Bctiavia and /a'on, where Ptovilions are dear, thct
h.ivc thirteen Rix-ilollars Diet. In the leventh Rank a
Commandorc has one hundred and litty Guilders f<r«;M-
/(•»i Salary, and twenty Rix-dnllars Diet-, CnnmamUnr
a new Title, lomewliat li is than Comman 'ore. 'Mic
eighth, Dircc'tor, has two hundred Guilders p r wcwvwSal-
lary, and thirty Rixdollars Diet. The (iovernor'has the
lame, as allb a Member of the extraordinary ( ouncil of
India. A Member ortlinary of the Council of India at
Batavia, each of them, three hundred and fifiy Guiiden
per mtnfrm Salary, and one hundred Rixdoll.irs Diet-
and lallly, the (iovernor-Gencral of Batavt.i has one thou-
fand two hundred (iuilders per meiijem Salaiy, ami two
hundred Rix- dollars Diet, and every Time he goes tj the
Fleet, one thouland live hundred Rix-tiollars Gratuity,
which has Ixcn ulually done ujxm a Fleet's Departure tor
Europe: But tliis General has not taken it tor li^mc
Years part.

All Perlbns in the Service, whether Merchants, Divines,
civil Magillratcs, Soldiers or Seamen, arc ranked in their
l^grces, and take their Places accordingly. The General
is allowed Wine, and all other lacjuors and Provifions cut
of the Company's Warehoufe, without lamitatton. All
others, down to the AITiltants, are allowed monthly Liquors,
Spicc, Oil, Wood, Rice, Vinegar, Candles, trc. according
to their Quality, very large, '1 he Upjx-r-copcnian's Al-
lowance is twenty Canadars of Spanijh Wine per mtnfcm,
txfides Mum, White-wine, and other Liquors ; twenty-
four Pounds of Wax for Candles, Corn tor Poultry, Rue
for Slaves, f c. fo that the Dict-money allowed them, 4
only for frclh Provifions.

Soldier? arc ranked in the fame Manner, vi':. firll a
common Sokiicr, or private Centinel, is from nine to
lourtc-cn Guilders per menjm, as the llntlcr-adillant. Next,
Serjeant's Pay and Diet as the Airillant. 1 lien I'nfign's
Pay and Diet as the I'nder-copcman. After him Lieute-
nant's Pay and Diet as the Co|>cnun. The fifth Captain's
Pay and Diet as the I 'piH-r-coiK-man •, and the fixth Major's
Pay and Diet as the Conimanitorc. Mihiaiy Perlbns give
place to the Civil ot the lame Rank, itz. a Cinnniandorc
precedes a Major, and I'pper-cojieman a Captain, and a
Copcnun a laeutenant \ but a Major precedes an Upjicr-
coixriTun, a Captain a Copeman, and a Lieutenant att
Uiulcr-copeman. 1 here are three Majors in India, one
at Batavia^ one at Ceylen, and one at /tmbayna, or Ban-
da. They alFirt the (iovrrnor in nulitary Ail'airs, and
have the Command o/cr all other Oiricers x'ld Soldi.-r.,
but have no proix-r Comi>any of their own. There arc
not Captains over every Company, Uit one over two,
three, tour or live Compaiii<s \ every Company has IJeu-
teiunts and Faifigns, ami thty otten make j)rovilional Otfi-
cers, who, u[xjn loine Men: in Service, do attain to the
Pay of fuch Places.

Seamen arc rankcii in the fime Manner, viz. fuft a
common Seaman, trom nine to lourleen ( niilders /(T pick-
Jem, as a common .Soldier; next third Mate, liuiiner,
Boatlwain and Stccniu!i, tron> eighteen to twenty- luur
Ciuildcrs />er Bn-w/cm, and the Airiltant-car|K liter's \N .iges
from forty to titiy Guilders per menjem. Tlie IJiidtr iKer-
man, or feiond Mate, from twenty-tour to thiriv-lix
(iuikiers /"rr vienjem, is the I 'piier-allillant. Alter tiieni,
L'piKr-lUemian or Chiel-mate, from titty to lixiy Guil-
ders per menj.ni, 111 the I iidcr-coixnian's Rank. 1 he
filth are Skippeis, tron; lixty to one huiuireu Guiivirs/.r
iHi/ijem, in tiic Cojxrmai.'s Rank ; and the lixili, Cuiiiino-
dores from one hundred toone hundreii and liltv (jOildcis/.r
nienfem, Ix-fules winch, they have the Siiip » Ali.wac.vC
for Pro vi lion, and when in A'j/J^ii;, they hivi- Koidino-
ncy paid lliciu evciy Moiitii tor lielli iiuviiloi'.s aiii

i lu.i i

n(H,k I.

ciu

ni.i

iRiu to tinrty-fix rn„|.

'<'X (lolLi.^ Dia. |„
••^•'1'. fM>m iliiriy.Cix t(j
try, and npl.t R,x.,|„|.
from liliy ,„ Hxty-iive
c'glif Kix-d„lUfs Diet
'•'" ngl.iy to „ne |,u„;
nm Salary, and twclv-
I'llrr Chambers arc Itni
"yf- Salary,
"'vi.'ions arr (!ar, rl,r.
' .'''^' I'v-iuh Rank a

^ ' 'lit 1 Cnmnamlaiir,
" tumniaj, 'ore. 'w^^

I lit (Juvtrnor has the

>(tr.i()rdiiuiy (oiincij ot

'i- Ctiir.ul of Indid at

'"•I and (]f;y GiiiMc,

Iral Kix-dullar, Diet.

■ B<itjvt.i has one tlicu!
''"/'•"' Salary, ami two
y 1 mie he goes t.j the

Kixnlollars (iratuity,
a Meet's Departure ior
lot taken it lor (bnic

icr Merchants, Divines,
fii, are ranked in their
iilingly. Jlic General
uors and Provifions cut
hout Limitation. All
owed monthly I.iqtmrs,
Candles, Uc. according

■ LIpixT-copcman's Al-
mip Wine /<T mfnfcm,
thcr Liquon ; twenty-
Corn lor J'oultry, Ki.c
loncy allowed them, «

r Manner, 'Jz. firft a
tinrl, is frotn nine to
I'niicr-aflillant. Next,
'iftant. 1 lien Infiyi^n'i
in. After him I.icute-
1. The fifth Captain's
i; andthcflxth Major's

Mihtaiy I'erlbns give
• 112. a Comniandorc
fman a Cajitain, and a
or precedes an Upjur-
and a 1 .ii iitrnant an

Majors 111 Mia, one
' at /tmhsyna, or Han-
military AlVairs, and
OfTitcrs aiid Soldirrs,
icir own. There arc
', Uit one fiver two,
ry Comiaiiy has IJeu-
make provil'ional Olfi-
vice, do attain to the

Manner, viz. firfl «
Ict-n ( iinlilep. per vieu-
third Mate, Cmiiner,
htcen to twcnty-luur
mt-iar|H liter's \Naycj
». I'lu- l.'iu!i.r Ih-cr-
ity-lour to thiriv-lix
(lillaiit. Alttr liirni,
m tilty to lixiy Giiil-
itnian'i Rank, ihc
hiiiuireu (juikltrs /-.r
d thi! fixili, Cuiiiino-
laiullilty(juiidcrs;.r
he Siiip's Ali^.vv.l,.^..•
they h.iv,- Roid lii.*-
Irelh ijuviiiwis .u;]

Chap. II. Eflabliflmjcnt of the Dutch Eall-India Company. 941

Fruit ', but in other Roaiis, they arc fupplicd witli thcfc out of the Book of Wages, every Year, which he keeps,

things from the l-'aflorics on Shore. They have none or carries Home with him, or fells to another i ami whin

who have the Title or Pay of Captain at Sea, and the he returns to the Chamber from whence he was lent, he i»

Commodores arc very few, Ibmctimes not more than one piindlualiy paid the Ballancc of his Accouflt, together with

in India. what is due for the Term of the Voyage \ and Inch as

The Miniftcrs P.(y and Allowance ftand thus, viz. firll have ferveil out their whole Time, and defire to be Iree-

the Predicant, or Preacher's Pay ami Diet, the fame as the men in India, fell their Accounts, or fend Letters of I'ro-

Up|icr-coptman's. 1 he Icrond Domini es, orV'ifitors of the
Sick, twenty-four Ciuilders per meitfem, as the AITillant.
The Miniftcrs are all fworn not to write of, nor intermed-
dle with any Matter relatinp; to the A Hairs of the State,
or Commerce. In all (iovernments they are allowed a
Prefident, and in Patavia two or three to fpare, in cafe
of Mortalities. In all Diredlions they have no Dominees,
only read the Scriptures, and printeil Forms of Prayer,
Mornings, Lveninps, and Sundays. With them the Sur-
geon's Pay is from lorty to fifty (juildcrs per men/em.

17. In all Q^ialitiis from Under- afl'illant to Upper-
copeman, they {',encrally fervc five Years, and fornc but
three, as they aj^reej which Term being expired, if they
picafe, they may cjuit the Service-, but they are ufually
continued, and u|)on their Petitions, if they arc defcrving,
ami the Company's Occafions require, the (iovcrnor and
Council entertain them again, to the next Degree they
lervcil in before, and lor fuch Terms for Salary, Uc as
they find them defcrving within the fettled Salary ot each
D'grec-, but on any Merit in Service, they arc often prc-
ferrcii from one Degree to another, though they have not
fcivctl fix Months in a Station; fo that upon Account of
Merit, fonie havi rilen in two or three Years from Anii-
tant to Under-copeiiun, and others, in as little Time,
from l'nder-co|)cman to Upi)er-co{Kman •, in this they
have refped to .Succeflion, as if a Chief, or Second of a

curation Home, upon Sight of which they arc paid ■, fo
that neither the Company, nor their Servants, have ever
any Trouble in adjufting their Accounts.

Thefe Freemen are fuch as have fcrvcd out their Time,
and are then cleared of the Company's Service, and fiil-
fcred to live in the Country, or fuch as of late have been
permitteil, or encouraged to come out of Europe, on their
own Accounts. They are always obliged to have Fami-
lies, and live in garrilbned I'uwns, and in their Planta-
tions on the Spice IHands, where they are allowed to trade
too and fro in Provifions of all Sorts, and other Commo-
dities, where the Company do not trade, and fometimes
where they do trade, with the General's and Council's Li-
cence, even in the Company's Commodities : This being
their Policy, that the Benefit of fome Trades may not be
loll, but referved to the Company, when they are fo con-
fiderable, as to be worth their mimlint.', or will be at the
Charges of a Fadlory, All Freemen perform the publick
Offices of the Towns, and take their Turns to watch and
ward as in the Netherlands, none excepted.

1 8. The firft ordinary Council of India is chofen by the
Bewinthebers, or Direiiors, out of fuch of their Servants,
as have fcrvcd the Company as Governors, or Dircdtors,
and none under thofe Qualities -, by which Means their
head Council confifts of Men of Kftates, and Experience
in the Bufincfs of all Parts of India. The extraordinary

Faftory dies, and the Third performs the Bufincfs of the Council are alio nominated by the Bewinlbeiers, and they.

Place to Content, tho' he be- but a Book-kee]>er, for th.it
Service he Ihali be an Under Copeman, and Chief of the
Place i and .is he gives further Content, a Cojxman in
one or two Years more. Married Perfons receive all their
P.ty in India, and the unrnarricd but half theirs at an
Over- rate : A-; at Balavia, the Rix-dollar is valued at fix-
ly Stivers, which is worth but forty-eight, and at Polical,
the Pagoda is valued at five and an half (iuilders, which is

when they are at Batavia, fit with the General and Coun-
cil, but have no other Vote than one of Advice. Several
of the Direftors and Governors arc of the extraordinary
Council, and there is a late Order, that three of the ex-
traordinary Council (hall always refide at Batavia. By
another Order of late, all of the ordinary Council are to
rclide there likewife, and not to remove from thence, but
upon Bufinefs of great Imprtanccj and the General, and

really worth but four and half; but this is in a Way of Director- General, arc not to remove upon any Occcaliori
R-gulation, .is they fay, upon Complaint of it to the Go- whatever,

There arc often Boxes fent out of Europe with private
Direftions, which are Haled, and ordered not to be open-
ed but on extraordinary Accidents, as in cafe of the Ce-
ntral's deceafe, or other Occafions of great Moment,
which keeps the great ones in Awe of each other. The
General hath Power in a particular CommilFion to himfelf,
to fend Home any one Pcrfon of the ordinary Council
when he thinks fit, that fhall not behave himfelf well to-
wards him, and to take to himfelf what Salaries, and
other Allowances he thinks proper, which the great Mat-
zuyleer caufcd to be read on fome Clalhing of the Council
at Batavia.

The General, and all the ordinary Council, the Secre-
tary, the Major, the Uppei-copeman, called the two

vcrnor.

The Company find all their Servants Accommodations
for Lodgings, (or which, and Warehoufes, they have fp.v
cious BuiUlings in all tiieir F'actories. All, or moft Per-
fons fent (Ml of Europe, arc ot the t^ialities from Afllftant
to Uppcr-co[-enuii, leldoni in a higher Degree; luiue-
tiines they may be of the cxtraoriiiii.niy Council : But I'uch,
and all others, are left to the (ieneral and Council at Ba-
tavut, to t)e (iilpafed of in Finploynients according to their
Qji^ialities or Abilities, who give them Preternunt as they
me: It. Such I'eilons as are ot Cipacity, m.iy gradually
rile by Tune ot Service to the Quality of Upprr-cope-
luan, but they mull lland there, ami cannot rile higher,
till they arc made Commandores. When Direclinns or

Govtrnments tall vacant, an Upper-copeman, capable of chief F'adlors, and the Upper-copcman, who keeps the
beiiig maile Governor, DirecHor, or Commaiulore, gene- general Books of Accounts, live within the Fort, or
r.iliy lucceeus , and Ibme have b;eii fitteen or twenty Years Callle, with their Wives and Family, in Apartments fitted
Upi .r-iopem.in. In tore they have been put into any of according to their Offices and Places. The General and
thole Places : S.jmc llar.d there, and rife no higher, and Council are fo near together, becaule of all Letters being
many never come to that, but remain in lower Degrees, opened and read in the Council, that often fits in an F>en-
according to their Capacities. ing, after Prayers, ami never milTes upon Sioiduy.', for an

All Perliins in thole Degrees or (ji^ialities, precede one Hour to difpaich Imall Bufincfs, Petitions and Complaints,
another, according to their Seniorities and Standings in and twice a Week conllantly, Tuefdays and Friiiays, at
the fame Degree, or that are of the fame IVotelfion. As Four o'clock in the Afternoon, about managing the Com-

thc lirll Alliltant precedes all others that are iiiudc af-
ter him ; fo likewile a Copeman nude this Month, pre-
cedes him that is made a Month after ; but the ProfelFion
ot the Merchant (or as tliey commonly term it, the Pen)
hath the Preference of all others, and he that is an L'p-
pKi -copeman in that <Aiality, precedes all others, whether

pany's Bufinels. The Secretary has good Accommoda-
tion, and large CWices to write in ; the Major lives in the
the Fort to receive Onlers from the General, ,and to allill
him in the Ciovernment of liis Soldiers, and tlie two chief
ladtors are near the Second, or nireCU'r-Ciener.d, who
has the moll laborious F.mployment, having the Care of

I I — - -< /' I "'. ■.-.., ••■-. ........>. -« — ,-..-j ■-, n •■■- — ••- —

Pieaeliers, Soldiers or Seamen (as is laid iK-fore) tho' they .ill Ships, (ioods, 'I'rcalures, and Stoics, and pinpoles ail

may be Ins Seniors in the lame l)egree.

All thefe Salaries and W.iges tor Merchants, Soldiers,
Seamen, and others, go on for their outw.ird bound and
home V'oya'vs and every <;iie h.ib a Copy of lus Accounts

NcMU. 04.

Voyages and Cargoes.

I'hele two L'pper-copemcn, whom they c.i!l l-'aiU>rs of
the Callle of Batavia, are his Afliltants, to ex.uniiie Ac-
counts, and .Advices, and thereupon draw u > Liils, and

11 c . ' Cal.-ula-

■1' lili

Klf

1 f

942 Jfucanfi Hijhry of tht Rift, Vn^^tif, and liook 1.

Cilciilifiois of the Sorts Qualitus, anil (J^nntitics of ncfs Init iltr\ imt Ruvrrn or iliitrt in any AlVair wuhout
(lie Cif. >; , ihjt arc liiKl ai any I'l.icr, .nul li • .Idv^m wlic- IJHiul CmiiiiuHion.

itiir iliiy iMirrafr or iii:;iirii(h, w;th the \*\s j.ul (iaiii li» all lioverniiunti anil IVcv'liun , the (.'onfulfailor.t
ihfruin, N»hitli Ni)t« thty IcihI to all till- I ai'tuiKi wlnrc arr nitcfril iii Hoiks, aiul linnril hy die l(iui\ii|. 'Jh-
tht I'- < fOOi!* are muvuin). 'liif iHut Book ktr|)rf lives in Otfii(S for the Srt fiiary ami Anmintants and ihr Ware"
the lort, lH\4ulcall Rc^iflcrs anil B.H)ki arr lv(i>l there, hoiiU* for the (. onipanyS fiiu (iotn's .mil I ualiire, are

I'uilt I" the Kotts, ai,.i Mtmliv or ^,K lories ami t'licle
who offiiutc in ilirm, iiiiill itwril tlirre. In luboniinate
l-».'»()rir», thry k((|' no Conlultaticn-Uioks only tony,
booki of l<riicr\, Aituuiif^ ami Diaries AH Vxwln

jn>t the OiFk s lor Atiounls nuill I* ilu le llanilii'};. I'.vc-

ry one uf tlie onliiury C'oumil o* Uli.t has his particular

C'harf;<'» an>i !• niployments aliottfil to him, N\h<uin he \\

moll exjHrKiKcJ, tiz. one is or.'.-itJ to rcaJ, txaniine,

ami anfwir all l.rttcrs anJ Pajxr^ Ironi the (.jovnnnicnt and Orders lrt)ni HiUaviii, are li^nrd ly iln' drntral and

ill Ciy.'tit. Anotlirr the l.rttcr*, ist. ol the In vcnuncntv Cuunal, ami thole xo lijiiixi.i, mull Ik li«nrd hy the Go-

' ' ■' ■" vernors, or OiriVlors, and tlirir re)|Ki.'tivc C;niniils J but

all Letter* ami Orders from dovrrnori an 1 Dinctorj tu

of .imb:yn.i, lianJa and 'l<rnau\ anotliet, the C«utl of"
rir„/«j;i./«/.iiui B.iy ot litifJi am 'lur tlu- Diiti'oilhipot'
Sural and I'n^,!, and another the Laf( a;id Mjuriiiat ;
the (icmral only writes Littcn to the Company in tu-
rept

fulxiniinati- I'aCloiiei undei tin in, arc ("mnul only hy the

liovernor or Piutlor ^ln^ly. I In. Calh at IViu.ii, 15 at

the DilJMilul of the dovitnor, to bt put into the I lands

Befidex svhich, they have other prtiailar Kinyloyments «jf m t'p|)er-fojninan, that Ihall l)C on the riait; and

and I'laic* of 1 rull and Inipirtancc at U,ttsii.i. I. Ihc
Gererjl pn)|><)|cs and lonihidc* in Couniii, and dirrCh all
M.itters ot ( ovcrnment to the Couniil, and lujx-rior Olfi-
c;rs He IS ivurn to Ik laitldul to the .Stati-s in hii Of-
fice, anil that he will not prefer any one in tiie Company's

the Sorting of Cloth is done liy the (mvernor, .Sm

and others, who are ul the (Quality ot Co|>cmaii, .md
Under io|<nwn, every one Iriiinn down hit Opimun of
the I'licc ot the (i(M)iU when lurted.

1 hey have I'lfcaU in their Ciovcinmrnts, who .ire unda
St-rviir, tor h.ir, Kaviur, or AflVition, hut only luchaa an Oath to dillover and teife all (oilmlden pmraic Tr.ule,
are rnolf ta. t.'itul, moll ahlc, and moll lit to manage the anJ dctrCl wlut ell'e nuy \< »lone to defraud the Conipa-
iJu fine Is lor the Company's Advantage. II. 1 nc l)irec- "V. I'hcy arc ulually of the (^lality ol CojK-m.in, or

Under toi)eman, and Irldoin continue longer than tlircc
Years III tfiat Oirue, exiept at lUtttxiii, Nslurc they luve
two princijial lilials, ol the Ci^iality ot L'p{)ert()iHmen,

tor-C»cneral, as aforelaid, propolcs the Lmployinents
andC.»rgo<s of ail Sliijs. IK icils and orders the Dif-

jofjl ol ail C»ix>.'>, Stores and I'rovilioni, has the Cliarge . _ ^ _

of the Treafi.re and C.i'h, and orders the Receipts and who continue many Years in that Jniploy. One ol thmi

I'ayments of Moicy. III. Another is iVeliduu of the i< callitl AdvtKate-filial i l.c makes rliuiuiry, and takci

Ciur.i'.Kr of Oiphans, atul the Council, his Ali'illuits, are Cognizance of all Faults, l-rauds and MiKlemeai.ors in

hall Co:npar,y's S.rvants and halt Burghers, whole Ol- the Company's Service, in all I'artr. ol /nJia, makes and

f:ce an 1 1 lult aie the l.imc as in the f^tihaLndi. 1 hey maintains the I'tocrlVes, and has halt ot what is recovered

fit ontc a Week in Council. IV. Another is I'rcddcnt of thereon, the other halt goes to the Company, whogivei

ihc College of the Rate of Jullice, who is always a Civi- one Ihird ot it to the I'lxir, alter the I'rocds and Com

lian. He gives Judgment in all Calis civil or criminal, demnation is paid, liclorc the Prel'idcnt of the Council of

lictvsecn t!ic Compaiy jiid their Servant?, or the Burghers. Jullicr 1 to that the (iovrrnors, Dircilon, frc. arc not

Jn this Court, the Company's Servants c^nly are of the Cuncemcd in the Piliovery of any private Tradr.
Cou cil, no;.c of them u;.dcr the Qu.ility of a Cojieman, 1 lif Comjuny lends every Year printed I'ajicrs of the

and thry are ulually .\>lvocatcs, or luvh as have been bred News anil Alt'airs ol £«ro/>/, which are dil|Hrled over all

up to the Civil law. V. Another is Trcfidcnt of the Co!- thiir lactones in /k./m, by whnh they arc iniiruitcd in

lege of Skep^n and Burgomalleis. the Interell and Com tins of tlic Irvrral I'owrrs ,ind are ,!i-

He jihlg's in allCalis, civil, military ami criminal, Ix:- rci'ted to l)ehave thcmlrlvn actotdingly to i\\ turcptit

iwcen the Hurghus and others, 'll'.'- Counlrllon, or
Judiv"*' *h<> fit ssitl\ tlir I'riliv'.ent at this C ouit, arc three
Uip-.rc'ip n-.rn in the Company's Seiviu, and three of
jIjc chitf Bu';:htTs. Both thdc Courts (it twice a Week,

Nations in India. Alio tin y Imd Abllt.ut • of the Suieof
t/ieir (((»ch1s, and the lads and dam ilureon in i.urcp(.
It is veiy ealy to oblnve, that all tlitle Rigulations arc
calculated tor the Improvement ol i!ic IVrlons in the Ser-

conrtatiy, an;! oltner, as occal'ion rcquin s, m the Staiit- vac «jf the Ctimpany, tor enabling them to diliharge
houlV, cjr lo.'.r. hall. All of the or.iinaiy Council are their Unties punCtiuily and ixttu'lly, and with Imh a

l'vs„r!i t'> Ik- tale to the (irii'-ral a A '.lie .Stato, to prefer
ro.-ie fo: F. ar. I-.;v(.i!r, or Aliction, but the littrlt and
a itil l'irl..r.s ti thrOt.cfs in their [articular Diljxilals.
B.li* tlic S'.cuixl, o( Dirciflor, is no I'uxcdency of 1'lai.e,
Init Fn-.pLyT.-.".;s crO.'F.ics are apjxjintui to tiiule w.ho
are the iitte:l tor them. I he Scnetaiy of the Council at
Ba:f::.i, & a l';'!'jn ot g-eat Abihty and I'.xj^crience, of

Meal'urc of Knossledp.r and I iiderAandinp, as may fit
them for vshatcvei I'l.uei they may lie «.illed to Irrvc in.
It is nut ealy to loiueive, what mighty lliVcts !low
from I'uih wilr and |ull Regulations, what Order and
I larmony they may l>eget, and how ealily all 1 hings arc
managed, where to muih C.irc is ia!;en, that every Man
lhall t>e acfjuaintfd ssith the Imjioitancc ot hi. Sution,

liie Q^.ia'.iy ot fj.[-er-iwi.eman i he takes I'iace ntxt to and wuh a rtobability of his Utteiini', his Circumllancrs
l.f extraofi!;!ary C< •,;ncil, and has the I'ay and Allow- by his difcharging Ins lunCtiun-. witli l),ligencf. It i|
ar.ce <-: a Comir...!.,; .re. Tl.c minot W.trs are always
ramcJ I y the nujor in Council, the Filcal hath a double
Vorc. I ; • ■> fijj^.irg, ron- may enter any I- xi cptuns
rxtep't ti.e .".'aiicr lOncludcil l>c exjiehiy againit ihr O.'-
licrs c-f t;.e f....'i.piii y, and then ihey nuy enter IJ.ncnt,
givi (; tl.it !.,r i.'.e Kcafon.

I ; 0:1 eMri-nliriary Ovcafiuiis, w(.i.h require Secrecy,
a(«'-vt: -.f, or Uiri-iili-r, may call a Council ol any two
nr iliirr Li.ur fl ilori, and ii..iy a^t according to their Kc-
folutris. Ai! I'erl'jni of the (Quality of Coi<ii,an, and
l'p|Hr-( .);.;!, '...n, i:, alio Captains and laaiicnai.ts, art la-
jabie ol !««'^;ol CouikiI in all (jovcrnmerts ajid Direc-
tions, evi'-j: /.'.■/.:".•;.?. Ihc S cjnds ot dovcr'-.cjrs and
I);rlCiol^, ai ii.i'i'y Copcmen, and the Chief, ol julxir-
cni!; i . !<,r <.•: •Midrr dovernmcipts, are coninv>iily Loj*
ii-.r., an.1 J' i-ir .-.jjxm'-n ; Lut it It fo liapjiens il.at one
tji a hi;;livr l>t-'re, or f^i.d.ty, <onie!i to a I'lair v. here
o. (- ol a !oWe( i;i.;rie i-. C hir!, he, o! tlic !;:'.;hrr rV.'f-c
t--. . I'ixv, a!) : ^jtvvs Ills Advice i!i t.'ic Co.iipany*. BjI.-

fy fettling theic Oiders, and taking larc they (lull be
lonllantly earned into Fjtemtion, that we find the
Dutch arr never at a I Jifs lor Men tit to k- employed on
any ciitical Oii.iliun, as Ambaliadois, I'lcnipotentiarles,
and ordinary Refidents in the Court', ol l>uii,iH Fnnces,
whereas other Natioin, that tarry on other Trade in that
I'art of the World, are at a Stand in this rcliieft, and iii
all Iiiih Fmtrgcmies, are toiced to take IikIi as come to
I land, or which is worle, (uch as pulli thcmlelves lorwarJ,
and ii.illaking Vanity lor Talents, get into I'lnployments
only to cx|xj|c thcmlelves, and thole under whole Authu-
tlty they ai't.

It IS a refiived Opinion, and 1 Ix-lieve found.ed on
Rc.ilon, that the ta|aiitic» ul Men arc mm h alike, .lii.l
that where one mak< s a figure by dint of what is called
Genui' , the re are a huii' !ird bei ome able Men Irom I )if( iplinc
and lx)<-iienir. It js t'leiclore t xiieamly commen'l.ibic
111 the l^Hieh, that ihey take to mui l» I'an.s to propagate
real Kin.(Wlcdt** ain«"li 1 ich as ate i;i the publick, Service,

ami

iiook J.

'" a"y Mm w.ihout

'"'. «'ie fonriilutlor,,

'X "iel<iumil. 'i(|,

";nt«, ,n.l ,),r W.rc"

"'^ -""I lualurf, arc

»--Hl(.rics arnl (hoi,.

'•«■"•• In lul.„rJ„Mtc

■''•Ix'^ks only t„,,y.

>Mr.". All l.„{;„

''y'l^tTmraU,,,,

x^'iivcCoum.lsj but
""» -"'I l)ira-t..r, to

' llK"^il ..Illy |,y ,1,,

l"« I'll.. tlic||a„.!s
"^ ;"Hl.c I'Ufi aiKl
^ W.)Virm-r. Srcm),
f "• t«'|K-m4n, j,hJ
'uwii lu» Ujm,ion c(

'"'•nt', who ,irr uruirr
"Wen |.„ratc Tr.ulc,
'IdraiKl tlic Coinja.
"y ^'1 t(.{xni.,n, or
le IfiiKir than tlircf
''», >v litre tliiy luve
"I l-fpfKr-coixmcn,
i'l-y. One odium
'^"qiiiry, ami takci
"I MiliKnicai.ors in
>t IiiJia, niakrs anj
ot what IS rccovcfcd
•'nipany, who j-ivci
e iVtKils ami Lon-
f of the Council of
^ion, (s'l. arc not
'•"c Irailr.
nteJ I'aj)crs of the
'*■ *li/|Hrlal over ajj
fy arc inilrii.tal jjj
I l'«'Wrrs.ii)il arc Jj.
;'y '" Jil furcpfjn
I'Klot the Sale of
llurcon in I-Mrcpe.
''■ KiRulations are
iVrlt.iij in the Scr-
t'lrni to ililiharge
•Tid With lijch a
nilii'R, ;u may fit
• •illcil to Irrvc in.
i'.liiy !• fleets flow
what (M!ir and
lily M 'J hings arc
1, that every Man
-c ot hi. Jjution,
his Circurnitancci

I '.llKflKT. It i|

arc they fliall \k
•It wt (,rcl the
I Ik- f m|t|oyf^t oa
I'lciui'i.tiiuiaric?,
I JiiJiiiH I'rinccs,
cr Trade in that
« rilj)C(?t, ami in
luih a» loinc lo
(iilrlves (orwarJ,
tu I'ini loyimnti
tt whole Autlio-

fVf founded oa
iiuiih alike, ,i;; 1
)t what IS called
nlromDifdj Imc
ly loniniendablc
us to propagate
puLlKk. i'avice,
a:;d

Chap. II. /u'f:irn/ the iNhahitaftts of G "cat- Britain, Sir'r,

94.1

an 1 that they do not ronfent ihrmftlvcs with barely qiM-
Jityum tli'ir L'lidtT-ofriu I', lor tlif l)ii'i.h.ii(;e ol the I'lam
they are in, but odIi^o tlicin hkcwile to take I'ains to lit
ihemlelves for more important Services. It it one ThuiK
to read News-papirs for Aniufemcnt, and another Thing
quite to oblipc I'eopic to read tlrni fjr Inlfruction ■, ami
It IS vc'ry tal'y to ronrcivc, that a I'erlon in the Itidta,
who has .1 go'ul general Notion of the AH'airs of liuropt^
and of the Situation Thin<;s are in there, will have valf
Advantages over another I'erlon of eaiial .'Mulitits, who
has never turned his Ihounhrs that Way, hut has lived
all along in an 0^)inlon, that if he did hi . Bulinffs in the
Counting-lioiire, his Sujieriors had no father I'ltic to the
nil'jHifal of his Tirnr, but that he was at liill Liberty to
employ It in I'u'h .Vmulements or Diverl'ions x. bell luitcd
hik Humour or I")il'polition.

But to bring theij Kcikdions to a Point, .ind lior to
detain the Keader kk) long upon \o grave a SubJLdi, I
Ihail finilh them with oblerving, that whailocvir Compa-
ny takes Care to give its Servants true Notions of Merit,
rewards and entourages Merit, and leav(S no other Kuad
ojx'n to I'referment ; but Merit will beaUays lure to have
moic capable Servants, and will confecjueptly have it'.Afrairs
bitter tarried on than any other Company, in the Manage-
ment of whole Concerns Inclination, Intercft, or Chaiue,
governs all I'rt ferments. It may Iwr faid that thefe are jull
and general Obfervations, very cafily m.ule, and which
never will lie difputed. The Queftion however is not
where thefe Rules arc owned aiicl admitted, but where
they arc recommended and praJkifed. Since we tookOct.t-
fion to enter \\\*m the le Remarks, not from the general
I'rimiplcs of the Dutch Nation, but from the fettled and
invariable iiegiilations of their Enft ■ India Company,
whicli have the I-"orcc of Ijws to thole in their Service.

19. I'he (Jovernment, Order, and Provifion for their
Ships and Meets runs thus, viz. all their Ships arc the
Company'b own, and the Men belonging to them are all
in their Pay, fworn to ferve them cither by Sea or Land,
as Octafion (hall recjuire. They have two Perfons, who
have the Stile of Vdmirals, and are of the ordinary Coun-
cil of Indui. Lor the Care ot thtir Shipping at Bntavia,
tliey h.'ve one called Equipage- maftcr, who is of the
Quality and Pay ot an L'p|x-r-copeman, s feafaring Man,
and vulgarly tailed a Commandore : 1 ' hath the Care of
fitting all then S!ii|.<, ami is continually vifiting them
in the Road, il Occalion requires, and f-pplying them
with wlur they want.

There is a I'niall lll.md, about three Miles from Batuvia,
where they have a Fort, wliich fv-r\es them as a Storc-
houfe fur all Manner ot Ncceiriries for Ships, under the
Charge tit a Mailer - Shipwright, who has alfo Com-
mand of the l-'urt and Iflaiid. I Ic is of the Qiiality of
I'plHr-Cupeinan, and has large Pay and Allowances.
When they fend out a Lleet ot War on any F.xjicdition,
they make a Merchant of the Qiiality of UpjKr-Coi>eman,
and fometimcs of the extraordinary Council Admiral or
(ieneral, who has a Council of Merchants and military
OlRcers to adill him, as Occafion requires. The Admi-
rals ot the I'leet that go from Bdtnvia to Europe^ arc
furli as have ferved the Company as (iovemors, Dirciflors,
Commander"--, or lipp'cr copemen, .".nd arc willing to go
honv.-, they have their .Salaries allowed them till their l)if-
charge in Europe, and if there be n^wc that return of their
own Chou r, they apiioint at leafl a Cope nun to command,
who I. lines l>.i<k again, it he thinks convenient.

\-, to their .-Xdmirals out ot Europe, the Flag is worn
by Turii'. ■, ylmjtirjivn Sciuadron carries it three Years, and
the '/.(uhiitJ Scjuadrcm every tourth Year. The Amjltr-
Jam havin;^ two Parts ot the .St.vk, the other teller Cliam-
hersadd tiu iis to it, and the ZiflhvitUrs have one Qiiarter
of thrir O'.vn. 1 \v Mv-r/naiit \v!io i^ fenr Admiral, mull
fiih.-t take his P.illa(!;e on riie JmjLrdani or ZoiianJ Scjiia-
dinn. Il a ( "jHiuaii, or IJiider-copenKin i^oes Irom Port
to I'ort on any Ship, tl-.ey luve tlie Ci'tninaml of her, and
alfo ot the 1 Ici r 01 all Ships in Company, by the Com-
pany's kitl.d Ou'er in f)u-ir .Artiei-.. When there is a

l-'le(t [ii;'ei!,
fiie Coui All ■

ler the t oiniii.ih.. •>{ a Commandnre,
mill -.1 Ccj-^i^.e;'. .-uiJ Skipper;.. \\ hen

a Ship is fingl' ,the Council is to Ik* ofCrtpemrn, Skceperj
Umlcr-copeman, Rook-keeper, and Sicerliiun, and they
arc always to Iher their Courlir by the printrd Dirn'tions,
and to Kt otf their Work every |)ay ii|Hin ( lurt«, which
arc delivered up the very Day when thiycoiue tu OtHnviit
Of llglland.

'I'here is an Under-co|)cman, or Hook keepei In every
Ship, who keeps an Attount ol the Ship'-' l-.xjientes, as
Stores, Provifions, and Mens Wages, in the Nature oi
a Purler, and they arc to lee the I'roviliinii lii given out
that none be fpoikd. Thefe take Plate ,ih iliry arc lap.i-
bic of Preferment in their Fai'lorus by their Time ot .Ser-
vice, and they are often taken oiii ol I'.ii'loiies where
they arc wanted, and others iiut 111 ihiii I'laies. It Ik.*
that is upon a Ship, as a Hook kiepn, be but an ,\Hil-
tant, he takes Place of the Stccifmi n, or ik xl to ihc Skee-
per, by Reafon if Ins OlFii e, or, as they in R'lpi it, term
it, the Pen. All Chiefs ot l-'aitones, t-j, . luvc lico'
Power to difixife of their Ships and Men, wliili- liny arc
umler their Chief n»ip, and, as Onalioii rri|iiiirM, in the
Co'iipaiiy's Service. They may take our Nh 11, Aiiiiiiu-
iiitioiis, Provi' ons and Ston-s, thuugji lutli ^'liip. mnic
tluie ca.'jally. through Aciideiit or NeitHliy, Thus
every thing relatr ■', to this SubirCl, is fo hilly and tiearly
rep.ulated, that Doubts or Diil'i ultits ran ly atih .

io. At 'laiaii/i, md all other (iovemnient , they have
a Clumlxr of .\ccounts tor Orphans and Ovei'feei-i of the
Poor tiius provided • Lherc u a Prefidi nt and MilUr of
the Chamber ot Orjihans at Hiiliivi.i ol the ordinary
Council, wiio has for his C(i'"icil half the Companies, Ser-
vants ol the Quality ot ^. i.iemen, and I'pper aipc-
nien, and half ot tiie IkII Hurghfis, bclides a .Sctieiary,
and other AfriOants, J hey lit o'ue a Week, and order
the Difpofal of all Orj-hans and cleieali-d Mens Libit, ■., as
they think fit. At Policnt, and all ( loveriimcntit iind' r //./-
tavia, they have but two Perlim-. ot ilu Chuiiber of Or-
phans, and a .Secretary to them, all Company's Serv.inis.
The Chambers in thofc (iovtriunents are not a'toin'iable
to Rntavia or Europe; nor do iluy Imd ('o|)ii'. ol ihcir
Books of Accounts to any Plate, bin alw.iys keep them
at Policat, tie. and the Lllatts nl Pcrliiiis who iheiale
in any PLice under that Ciovcrnment, .iiv iiiijer the Charge
of that Chamber, wliofe Wills, lii\ciiMiies aiul Anoui-.t,,
are there regilltrcd i for which I'uipoU iliey luvc a puii-
cular Chamber in the b'ort.

They mufl keep plain and fair Hooks of .Aiemints, Jour-
nals, and Ledgers. At /'«//.,// the M.dLi nl t!ie Or-
phans Chamber, is every three Months in Ilu w the Ril-
Jance of the Books to the (iuveriioi, Ihofe apjioint.cl
fot this Office do continue in it two Viais or longer \ and
and when one goes out the other mull ll.iy a Year to iii-
llrucl the next Comer, though his two Years be out.

They are fworn to deal juilly, and to kcci^ Iccrct the
Concerns of the Chamber.

The Secretary of the Olfico mull givi! three thoufand
Pagodas Security for the Pertbrmaiue ol his "I'rull, and
and be refponfible for all doods liild ut Outcries, for
which he receives Three /cr Ctnl. upon the Account of the
Sale J and by reafon he is relponfible, he may deny any
Man to bid or buy, whom he thinks not la!e to truth
The Secretary alfo enters the Willi, and Inventories, and
polls the Journal, which is kept by imr of the Mailers,
and takes Care of the Papers that In long to the Ollice.
The Chamber of Orphans may tall whom they will into
Council to advitc with indilliiult Matters t and no Per-
fon may deny to come and fit Willi thrin, though it be
the Governor himfelf. The Couiuil \* iillowed 1 wo and
an Half /cr Cent, out of the Llbitfs of the Dcccaftd, for
what is received u|)on the Sale of lioods, out nothing on
Money left in Calhi which Two and ,\n I lall is equally di-
vided lietwixt the I'lelident and all the Mailers \ befides
which they have each Money for a liowii yeaily, which is
charged on the dec cafed Perlmi'.s I'.ltate, Il aiiv Man or
Woman dies, leaving Childn r. under i\\i,<', the Chamber
ot Orphans take Care of the I-'.lbite, and provide for
tlitir brin{',ing up, till they aiife to ihe A|',e of Iweiity-
three Yiai:., and then they receive what tlieir I'ariiUs left
them, With Intercll, and th- I'.ncieale lln'rcul'. If the

Pa-

ii^v''

It:

yi
■ a"

:IJucchici Htjiury of the Kijt, I'toi^njuy ami Ikok I.

Llui,

Lvn >«;

t:^- :''

ii!

94+

r.irrnn cl tU- I'liiKlrfn luvr any Krt«tf« m hweff, ilic
ttumhtt til l)t|!'4n^ whrrc UkI» I'crlim* ilif, wiilt* J<»i
i»i"' l*.ftwt> Cvi l)c liiit to thrni, which i. ;Kuirvliimly

Ihf Money ilu- ChinifnT (>l Ori'han* p.iy* into the
tompanySCilli Jt IUi.ivij, tiring* ui Nun-/'.' (."<■(/. aiul
tt u titirn let nut to Irnnirn ami tiihrn .it l*iivc/'.r
Out. ftr .innttm, u\x>n RivkI Security : But at I'^ludt H i»
uliully I'lt into ih • C onipany'* Stock, at Six /.r C/nl,
f,r fniKiii It ,1 I'rtliin itu* an. I iravn no Will, it K»
latum in /■•,//.» to inherit, the I hanil>rr nl ()r|'li.ins i.ikr\
Care ol the lllate, and \\\\i\ the ilueaiiil M.ni'« A..
rrunt »urtinf tiitlit lor the lanu- k and there it rcnuii*

111! ih-- nj'Jit Mtir ilimaniN It. It .my I'ulon dirs with a _

Will, and Iiavn libWi.tciw in TiuH U<\ tlir Children, ilio* Aii-.uni nl the Maniur in wimh n i% uUil.
e'uir M ithet.tiieChamNr ol Ori'hans nuy, il thry |.|<al<-, I h'le l^xanipii* are ol m< xpreirthie tonla)uriia', Cin.e

remiire t!u- I ihtr at her Maiuis ami keep it iur tin thil- they i.bli'.;i' all their 0:liici» ni ihiii Userai .Sutimis, to a
drrn. And il they ilo allow i!ic Mother to ke>|) the luiillant and »hlti;eiit Attendaiue, lioiii winnu th. y i^„
l-.lhie aiul thr tliildrtn. they al«a>s take a Copy ol ilie nevu hoiv lor any Dili-enlation, when they lu- luh 41
Will, and a:i OWijution Imm ihc Mother lor the ate jt the I had ot .MUii-, tied to a Under aiul mu.ic Uio-

paiiinj;tiom tiiole Sentiment* in the IhMii, lur U»r ukc
ol KMiiplyiinj lo lar with ilw (Jinui^ of the I'.., pie ui lUi
I'ail ol tlie Woil I, a^ to cllablilh luth a I'ow.r m 4 i,,,.
{•le IVrlon, is may loniriliute to kitp up at otue tl^
liiandcur a;id Authority ol the Coinp.iny, and lanlitaic
till DiieC'lion ol thiii .Atlaiiv Uut li tin (lovinior Cn..
iieial ol ba:a',.i.t lu'. the Splnuloi, Kiveniie«, ami iV^fr
ol a I'riiKi, Ik raiii> t!iem very dearly, by that jierpdml
.\ppluation 10 Uulinil*, wjnji 1, nijuind Iri'iii hini, ^nj
wliiili he liai It not in hi% Power to IliAe oil. J Ik |,i„|^
Ihin; iiia> l)C laid ol the l>iHkloi«Kneral, ami il iin-
^l(ll)l>.r^ul the Ctiuiu il ol the l>i,lu>, il tluy luvc Ufi.it
;\pjK»intni. Ills they have a i;ieat ile.tl ol llulmtli, 4i„t ||
tli(irl'u*ii U' lan;c, tlu y aii ubiinid toyivc a vity ilii^.{

iioui .\iteiidaiue than thenilelve*. I he due Care ili.it 11
taken, that tvery Man llull have a jull Satntaition lor
hiH l'ai:v, a pio|icr .Subdllaiuc, and a tiitamiy ol riciiv-
iiij; ^hativir 11 ilue to hmi, without Dillliuliy or Dday,
M\i\ witluiut nreklin^ the Allillaiiie or i avmir ol .uiy Man,
mull Ik ai.kiiuwled(;ed a Ciraiinllaiiie ol inlii.u. liiiion-
ance. 1 lie I rui;aiity lluwii in thtir inilitaiy ami luval
I'.Hahhlhnients, A\n\ the Care tiken to prilii\e a ilue |)c-
|K)uiaiue oil the cm! doverment, mv Step* wuithy net
only t'l Attention but liniiaiion, I riuule they an ti|uui;y
eal<uiaU'd U>i incttalini', .iiul (XteiuJinj;, as well a', pultiv-
ing and latiiinij th.- Uommioiis aiul Irailc ot ilu Coin-
pany. 1 he lemUriKl'i Ihcvsn tm Oipliaii*, jiul the .v.
luruy that tin* alVords to piiv.ite Miii, that lluir Cliiiiiun
lliall icii.iiiily enjoy the I outs ot tin 11 LiUiur, i^ Nili j

I'.Hate.

Tlu ChamNr ol Orpliani nuy keep the Illatc i.i their
Hand's and manaj^r tlirm a* tli<y plealc •, Uit. |ipr the
Ivttrr Seurity. it isutuaily put into the Company's Hands,
at the IntiPll Niore-inentioneil ; and they have tlie I ont-
panyN Dl'li^ation lor it. Il any IVrlon dii«, having a
Will, and therein «loc» not give Ivich a I'rojxirtion ol hn
Itlate to his Childnn a% the I aw reqi.ins, they will rv>t
a"ow ol thi- Will, Uit require a lull I'.irt lor tiie Chil-
dren. It a M.in I'n* in the Company's Seivui, the l)tli-
tial ii m't to touch li;» l'a;wr^ k nor is the L haiiilx r ol Or-
i>li.ir.* to admit ol any Dilcovery ol his Cuncaix to ilic
Iilial. Ajjain, il -: y Man die» in ihc Company's Sci-
yr.c, .iml tiny owe him Money tor Wugei, the C hamlxr
rifdVfs ir, and <nf is it lu the Creditor ol the Dccealetl.

TheComp.iiiv, Ivlules One tlnr»l ol thnr Hall Ol the |- if- J>|)ur lo Imlullry. r.u\ a Means ol pioiiiotiig Maiiuiju
ril's ConliliaiMn. all"W ado h-ri on DHtnce* ; an. I the an.l Satliiiitnis, Uuh ot the utinoil CiMiletjiwrne totl.w;r
Corilii.ati"ns ol ihr l-llatrs nl Men exicutrd ljr the I'lntr. Allai:s 111 tlu tnJu), as it Urvr. to incrcale then line,
Thcu ar< many lAetleers and Mailers ol the 1'u.ir at i<«i- witliout diainiiig their Mother-country. 1 hfir KiyuU-
la'.:.i At /V.i.i/ th-y have tut two, and thole not of ti.nis lor the I'kji arc c«>pied liom thole in //i,.V./»i./, and
the M.i'Ur^of Drphaiis, I ut otheis. I hey have Conni-
/arie <d al' j^KJr Chiiltians uiidrr the (iovcrnment, v.lu-
t:;cr they l>e /)«/•/', Ponuj^HiZf, or otlx rs, and tak<. Caie
for their Rv'.u!, by making CoIK\tionj in ChurWus evtry
iun.U-', aiiil I )il\ I ibut;on> according to their Number aiul
Nucli'.fi'-*.

The I'lxir has always a confuitraMe Stink Ixlore-hanil,
\v' i;h las I-ren gathered Itom the ConliK allocs ot private
Trade, and i haritable ( >iUs. Ihiv S;o( k the y alto h t out
t) tl'.c Company u}>on IntirtM, whuh they n.nllantly re-
ceive, and empli'y xs is louiid nee»!lul i and tho' the In-
t(rcl\ <il the S'lxk be futhdent to mainum the I'oor, yet
ihy ntvcr neglei't the sstikly datherings in Chi.nhts, to

iiHiJily laudable tluy are, in tins relp<cti I mean, in 1:01
li.lleriii[^ any Dillance ot Country or C Innate to deirive
tlnir I'uiplc ol tliur Biiihriijhts, wlmh is die IkneiituJ
tlmr i..i\ss ami to thi:. I Uijh>«'Ic it » ossini;, that the
Duul an obliivcil nevir to Kile, or even to impair their
Alitvlion lor their native Country, which tluy laitiailar-
ly dillinp.udh, by the tender Apptllatiun ol I'ailiu'and,
and to wiiiih therefore ad their Cares are cuntinet!, ami ir>
winch aii then A^ijuiruions renter.

'1 o be the letter lathiied ol this, and to bring thii
Scttion to a Conclul.on, by what moll of all loncerns us,
the KnowUilge f.t that I'lotit whuh aicrue? to t!:cm ly
the LujI JhJij 1 r.ide, we Ihall next tonlidcr the OiiO-

ii.ueaic thcSunlv a»n.ixhas th(yran. lur, lay they, runny ol this llouiiflung Company at I lome, and d.enion
It may lo hapjxn, that l>y great Wars and liollis, many lUatr the Meani I'y wlmh all the Proprietors receive the-
may t-e nuimed, made Wielows ami I .uherlefs, and then cleaicll .Satistaction, that the whole I'ruliti upn lluir Ca-
pital, arc laiily ilividcd out to them, anel are not put into
(he i'lMkctiot luch as arc intrulliel with the Uircition ot
the Company's Aflairs, as alio liow the State prclcivci
leich ii\ liitUicnce over the Comiuny, as is requilitc lur its
own Seeutity , anil tlnally, how an llliirutc may be tiiailc

th" I'r.i.iipal may not l>c enough to maintain them. '1 hr
Ovrrlcer, or MalKr« (/I the I'lxjr, mull keeji a fair liook
of all Kecci;-.' and I'aymenii, rhat is, an .Aiteiunt ot
C;'V), a;\! an ,\ei(>i;'t dI svhat's paul into the Comi>any*i
*«\vN, .it Ii!';iell, ssnh a Knll ol the Names of all I'er-
;.:.> 10 w

10 whom they give Alms, and what if-.ey give to ol the Wealth bfcjught into the i'ntieJPrcnimfi by il.is

every cf.r. At /».;/•■'.; J there are Collections ti^r the F<Kjr Comjuny, Irom the I'line Ot its ouginal Labliflimcnt to

tvrv Sunl'y, .Morning and I- vening, m all their Churehes. Uiis Day.

W.'ien I'm: ingenious and mtclhgent Reaeier ftiall have 21. '1 he great Power, proiligioiis Wealth, ami vall Im-

j^f.^leel ...".el lord'eiereel this Srhinir ot I)uui> Policy in the portantc ol this ( omjuny to the lyulib Kepublick, has

i !..:(.\ I am ixil'iadei! that he ssill »ery ealily aeceniiit to otcaliuiicd a great Variety ol I reatiles on iis lorm. Con*

Imnlr:!, for their havinj^ raiteel lo extenlive and loliii an
l-.mj lie in t;.:s Part ol the WOikl. He will icc th.it tliey
• xctl all other Nations in the Indui, not Irom Aciielent,
Fortune, or a Coneourle ol liu ky Iiuidents, but Irom a
vrry w;lc anel well liifjy.ftil p.ltablilliment, an 1 a eorillant
Attention t ) the Priiuiplrs on vthuh it is touiiiie.!. 'I lit y
will fee, that how much fcx-ver the Dutch may !h- iiulmid
to a Kepubluk, tt\Ji how llea.ly lex ver in their .Notions ot
a Commonwe.;]th, yet tliey have made no Scruple ol dc-

llitution, aiiel Manner ol (iovernmeiu •, lo that it is vetv
lar Irom litiiig an eaty l alk to reduce the Subll.uue ot
what they liael delivered within the narrow Houruls whuh
wr are (jhligcd to keep. To l> gin as metlioilually as
|iolM>ly, we will lirlt Itate the oiigmal St(x k ol the Com-
pany, arul the Pro|>ortions in wliu h it was aelvai.ccd, and
whieh have never l)een varied lime that lime : A Stroke
ol i'oluy ol inlinite Conlequi nce to them in the Manage-
ment ol this extenlive Comiiurse.

Ti:0

'mm

Hu)k I.

'":.'''*'"*•' "I a (,n
-"i'^'-y. 4.UJ UuUu;,
IvivcniK-,, a,ul iV^f,

"'j.'ltluyluvcKru,

"'■"K'^'^-'Vayafut
'^ lilnl.

•'^"jl.SuiiolH, ,oj

,''<■" «l..y»ci- luw, «

llnarr j.ul ni„„- U|^.

I '!'• iluc CWi- j/ut I,
[•» imt .S.»nl4Cti„n <cr

Jtuuiniyot funv.
it "ifli.ul(> or IVUy
K ' •'voiir .,( .,„y Mj„
"' "'''"lt> llill,o(t.
" ""'"•I'V unii ,uv4|
•' ' i"l'i\i4i:i,f l)^.
'" ^"^''t'* Uu.lhy not
•'"''• «'>t7 •»"■ aiuj;;y

1 raJc «,i tlu L„„|.
'i|''i-»iiS aiul i;„. .St..
• ;'''« 'li'irC/iJjun

" '••'iHMir, IS I,,, I, J

'"trctlf (/k„ |.„h-

>«''i- in //..v.;,./. 4„a
'♦^t i I muri, in nut
f *-lmuir to i!ej7ive
'"'I' l^ the Iknifit of
' »« o»ln^, that die
J-vc'i t„ „i,j..„r tlicir
""■'I tliiv juitjailar-.
Jtiun „( I'ailKiijnJ,
•»u- Loiifinai, jnii in

• ""J to bring thi,
t "* all lonrcrni us,
iinrufs to tliciii ly
<ijnru!cr th< t),(o-
' 'omc, aiKi i.'inion-
Tf'ftors rcfdve the
■iJliti UjHJii ih(ir C4-
t'ni arc not [-ut into
itli the UircciiOM ol
t'lc State irrlcrvci
IS IS rcquifitc lor us
imatc may be nuile

iial t-ibii(]iiiicnt tu

talth, an.l vjll Im-
'i> KijHil.hck, hjs
on Its ioriii, Con-
i !•> that It is vrrv
' the Subli.iiice ot
row lk)uni.\ whii/i
^ mcthoiliially as
'^Kx k o» tfie Com-
"•i-^ av!v.ir,ttit, ami
1 line : A Stroke
111 111 the Maiiagf

The

Chap. U. Eflahlijhment of tha Dutch Kaft-India Company. 945

The Capital Stock of the Duxh Eaft-Mia Comi>»ny.

Flurini.

Amnrnlam

/riland

IVKt

RoctrnUm

Horn

bnrhuylcii

j/'74.9«5

470,000
« 77.400
366,8(>t

5j6.775

In all 6,4';9,H40

Thole Hx havitin id.inrril thii Motxy, ehry frttled •
I handler in each ot the I'ownii (that of Zia/and being in
fituUttbuTj^) from whcr^ce they chufc the fcvrntcen Dc-
|Hitie^, who tlircrt the Affairs of the Company. They
met t four Times a Year lu-ceirivrly .ir .ImfttrJamy for ihe
Artairs of the Company, and twii c at MiJJUhrg alte'
natrly i but not at trie other Town%. Thefc i)epuiici uic
the Sovcreigni of fhn illuftriouj Company, yet under the
Authority of the SiattsCiintral. Tnc livmtcen Direc-
forj an ( hofrn in the following Manner \ eight hy the
Chamber of //«/?m/d»ii i finir by that oi /.ettland \ h<lfl,
Reiiffitim, Horn an. I Encbuyfeit, one each ( and the A/<i«,
Miil.ll<f>uri;, and l^oith hllanJ, chule oiu* by Turns.
Thcfclevcitten Uireilors govern thcComiany.and rcpre-
lint the Sovereignty of the whole Botiy by Plurality
of Vuirri. I'hey regulate all AlKurs of Confequence, as
the making of Couniellor^, Captains Lieutenants, and
njiiipping of Ships the Sale of the Goods the I3ivi-
fion of the I'rofits, and all the particular Chambers mull
conform theml'clves to their Orders. Ihey likcwife ap-
poini the Time for the Sale of the Goods, one half of
which is fold in the Chamber of /yw^<Ti/dw, a fourth in
that of MiJJlehrg, and a (ixtctnth in each of the other
four Chamliers at tiic Time by them appointed, to the
lughiil BiJder.

Hut liilides thefc feventcen Dirc^ors, each f)f the Cham-
bers have more belonging to tl\t fame Body : Thus Awftir-
dam has ten more, bclides the eight fcnt to the Ibvrreign
Court ; and lUtHm, LtyJtn, Vtrtchi, Deri ami ffrgee,
havi- e.ich of them one there, as have the IVovinces of
CieUi'rUnJ and Frmtland, and Zealand likrwili-, bcfidcs
their four Pircftors, have eight or ten more fVoiu other
Towns of the Province. All the Diputiis arc to give
their Ailvicc in their relix-^five Chambtrs for the CuxkI
and Advantage of the Comiwny \ and when any of the
IVputic* die, the Towns to which they fklong, name
three others in. their Stead, out of which the Magiftrates
chufe one. This Committee meets twice a Week, and
change their Prefident each Month, lb that every one pre-
ftdes in his Turn. There arc two Ailvocates belonging
to the Com|>any, who make their Report of what is rc-
folved u|x)n to the Indies \ upon which the Officers of
the Company there form their Rcfolutions, and itFue
their Orders. There are eight Deputies for tlie Affairs of
the Marine, War, and Uuilding of Ships, four to inljxrdt
their Magazines, and the Gootis that are lent to and come
from the Indits, four which take Care of the Money
which the Company pays and receives and the rell take
care of the Accounts, and other Affairs relating to Order
and Jufticc, which is done to the meancft Mariner as well
as to the greatefl Officers.

The whole, though it feems at flrft fight in a manner
indejiendent of the State, is however kept in great Sub-
ordination, by Means of the wife Regulatioru made in
cltatlilhing the Diredlors, and the Care taken, that not
any two ol them fhall he related to each other, which pre-
vents Combinations, and all thofe l*rafticcs by which pub-
lick Kftablidinients arc converted into private Jobbs, and
what ought to redound to the common Benefit of a Na-
tion, convcyeil into the Pockets of .i few private Men.
Once in three Years the StattuGentral demand and re-
ceive a find Account of i: c Company's whole Tranfac-
tions, in order to be latisticd, that they keep within tfie
Bounds of their Charter, that they do Jufticc to their
Proprietors, and that they manage their Trade fo, as that
it nuy nut be pnjudici.d to the State, which Regulation
may U' julUy eltccnicd the pniinpal Cauk, that hitherto

N u' .M n. 04.

the Artairs of thii Comi>iny have been f«) perfiCUy well
conduced.

In order to this I'-xaminatton, or Contmtil of the Com-
pany's Aixounts, the ancient Pra/ticc wai for ihr .V/<i/«i.
Ctntral to name a Committee <>l their Meinliers to go to
.Imjierdam, and there examiti-* the Books of the Eaft- In-
dm ('oni|>any u|xjn the Spot, which took up a 'onlidcra-
ble Time, and during th.H whole Space, this ( omnutiec
from the Slaltt had ilieir Charg'-s defrayed at flic l-npencc
of the Company. In tnc Year 1741), the Ctmpany
thougfit fit to make a Reprefrntaiion to the SiaUi-Gfne'
r«/,fetting forth the luconvenieneics and uiincceflary Charge
this Mriluxl occaliuned, and therefore praying, that thur
Higb Miihiintffn would confent to its Alteration, and al-
low thi Company to liriid a Deputation to the Ihigutt
in order to lay iheir Accounts before thctn, whicli, after
mature Deliberation, was allenled to.

The Magazines of the Company are always kept in
eaccllcnt Order. Such as are enttulled with the Care of
them, give large Security, and are liable befiJes, to the
fevcrell Punilhments in cafe tluy are guilty of any Breach
of Trull. The fame Degree of Striilnefs is fhewn to all
Degrees of Perfons in their Service, nor arc the Direftorj
thcmlilves exempted, in whom the fmallefl Fraud would
Ik punilhed with u Ijjecdy and exemplary Juflice. Thu
keeps up that Spint ofCaie and Diligence which is fjab-
folutely retjuifitc to the right Management of Commerce,
and all the lJ'u!c;-orficers moved by the Kxample, as well as
coiillrained by the Inltieiflion of their Su, iriors dilihnri^ff
their Duty \u<f txadly, fo that the Dock, or Y.irVl,
in which their Ships aic fuilt and repaired, is kept in as
rxiiX Order, as that of any private ^lan, tlio' rh re arc
feldoin lefs than twelvi hundred Perlons employed tlieirin.

1 hev do not however cxeit the lame .Authority over
the Sailors and Undcr-fervants of the Company, that r;.'-
turn from the India, hut on the (oi'tray, allow thtin
all the Liberty they tan dtfire, and lufVer them to liv; in
what Manner, anil at what lixpe: .e they plcal'e, which is
likewile done from a Principle < I true I'olay, lipce it af-
fords them the Means of tpendini;, in a fhort Tmie, all
that they have aniiiircd in lo' g Service-, lo tli.it i;i the
Sp.ue of five or fix Weeks, they are, generally l[v,Mkirp;,
reduced to th<ir primitive State of Indigence, and conle-
quently are obliged to enter again into the Company's Ser-
vice for a frefh Perm. Thus the Liberty of the SuljcL't
is prelcrved intire, and the Company neverthekls fclJoin
wants a regular Supply .)l able and leulonul Seamen,
which has very g(«)d LUtdls becaule Lxpcriencc Hiews,
that fuch as are ulcd to thele f<!//tr;i Climates, go many
Voyages without Prejudice to their Health, whereas IrelK
and raw Seamen die in great Numbers, to the vail I're-
judicc of the State. The gieatelt Care is taken, that all
employed in this .Service, both at Home and Ahroacf,
fliall I voix:tly ciualitied for the Stations in which they
fcrvc, an therefore it is a Rule, that none lliall be ad-
mitted into any Office, liefore they have undergone a pro-
jier Pxamination j and though there may be lomc In-
flances where Interell or Favour may have procured Dif-
jienfations in this refpeft, yet thefe occur but fildom.and
are not therefore of very great Conl'ecjuence.

In order to have a jull Idea of the Manner in wlni l»
this great Mafs of Projierty i.s managed, it will (e nt-cel-
lary to explain the Meaning of a Term trrqumtly ma-lc
ufe of here, and yet but indifferently underllooii. Tlic
Term I mean is the ykiiom of the kijl-h'iia Ccmpany.
The general Signification of this I'iu.ife, both here and in
France, is prccifely the fame with what we call S/ocis.
When therefore it is laid, that Aclions rile or t.ill, the
Meaning is plain and obvious j but then it is ablij.'utely nc-
cefTary to know the Value of Anions, or rattier the Valua
of the Aftions in a particular Company, before we caa
form any juft Notions of them. 'I'hc original Actions of
this Eaft-India Company were lix'd at three thouland Flo-
rins ; that is to fay, a I'erlbn poflcired of lb much of the
original Stock, was faid to hold one AClion, he who had
twice as much two, and fo on. This Phralc is Hill kept
up, though the Value is very much altered, fince a fingic
Aflion is nuw worth from twenty-five to twcnty-l"ix thou-

u H fani

JuuTj^jTj !('{}■ oj the RijCy Prognj's^ and Book I.

.* • .

%:-M

fjrxl Moriiis 1 Ixtc Adii>n< v.iry in their I'lur, aaorii-
inp, as thr PivulcnJs m.uir iijh.u ihc Comiany'!. I .ipiial
rile' or tail; U:t \\liat('vcr tluir rri^clw, a ('iiiuiiial Pi-
rfvloi nvill luvc two m h > own I'dIVi llion ti) tnulijy luin
tor t'nt I'oti, aiki none arc ciimIiK- it (;ivina a Vote in
an I- la'tinn, wIk. air not |V)llilUii ol oi.i' Action at iealh
1 hr Salaries ot the Diru'lors vary, aicurdii-.g to the Ciiam-
l^fs to which thiy k-ion^. Ihofc eighteen tliat arc cho-
Itn by thr City I'l AmjUrdam^ have thr>.e thoulaml Morins
a Veir, but ihctc arc others that liavc but twelve !iun-

'I'hc Manner ot" buying ;m(1 filling; E.iJI-IhJu Stork is
very caly «iul cxjiciiitious. When the I'artus luvc IcttlcU
ihc I'ricc Ktwecr. thctnltlves, they go together to the
luJi.t Houlf, where the &lltr a^'lies himltll to the Clerk
ot the Ikxjk ;n which his Stock is entered, ami ticllies
lilin to tI.ln^icr lo nniih from his Account to that ot the
BtJyen wlmh lieing ilone, he figns it, and afterwards
figns a Receipt for the I'urchal. -money, and the whole
1 ranaction Ixingpcrtormed in the Trrlcncc ot a Direittor,
ho figns the Book hkoviJc; fo that there is not a FolTi-
bihty of any Fraud Ixinp committal, yet the whole lix-
funic of tins Iranstir does not amount to more thaij fc-
ven Shillings and Six[>ence of our Money.

i he Uirrttors, who have the lolc Management of the
Company's Concerns lettle ni>t only the Times, but the
(^iajitics and CJiuhties of the Company's Cjoous, that are
to :-; exj<.lcd in ihnr Sales liom the Produce of which their
I\vi,ienus ait would, and are high an<l low, according to
uc I'roii: made by the Uimpany- TUn, howiver, mull
be linderilcod w.th lomc Uellncliun •, tor moll icrtam it
IS, that trom th<ii full l-.tlablilhment to thi<i Day, they
liave never dividcii to the tull Kxtrnt ol their I'rotit, and
liiis tor very giHxl Ktalbns. 1 irll, liecauU loi\g \N ar^,
ar.vloiher chargeable Ixi-cduions, mull bedctrayed out of
t!.is rtfcrv'd Stock, to picvrnt a great IX-treatc in their
Dividends, which wuuKl n<.ctll'..rily occafion a very great
1-all ot their Aaions. Secondly, thiy have conlUntly
jui ! the State very large Sums tor the renewing ot their
Clurtcri, jtriii t!uy have likewilc i>ajd largely tor fuch
oth. r Acis of State as they luvc procured Iron) Time to
Time in tluir lavour. 1 hirtily, it has liecn four.d rcqui-
(iit: tor tii(,m to krrp large Sums in Bank, to anr*cr the
l-lx;gencii'. of the ,v,'.;;c as will as tue Company, in I'lmrs
ot gnat DilRailty and Uangrr. Bclides all this, tlwy
havi hkcwifc rcfcivcd vatl Qiuntitirs of Spites, and other
rich Comtnodities, that then Sales might not lower the
Piice of tiicm UK) much-, and ujH)n this I'linciple, they
haM- fommmcs burncti great (jiiaititics of Spices. They
havcalKi turn;cfly had tccourle to another Method for the
Benefit of the.r Proprietors, which has l>ecn jaying their
D.vidends ui Cloves, Mate and Nutmegs at a very low
Ptiie, by wh:i.h thofc who rccivcd ihcm, gained very
co.'ifuicrablc A.lvar.tages.

It may, iiidecd, be lurmiUd, that tlicfe Methods af-
fujiicJ utom lor the DirecUHs to nuke great .Advantages
t-) thcmlelvc-i, L>ut when it .■> tonlidcred, that their gene-
ral Accounts, v;pon the Balance ot which tlit.r Dividcndi
iuvt l<en dtciarrti, have been every three Years conlUnt-
ly audited. I y a Committee ol tl;c iiiaia Ginnal, there is
no jull Rtalun to apprehend, that any Thing of this
kind has been ever praCtikd. Thus it ilc.itly appean,
t.'ut as the h^tjl-Indta Com|uny in litliand, by a wile and
piudcnt I).lj)<Jiit:on of their Affairs abroad, luvc l)ccn
able to ereiit and njaintain a Sovereignty, very hitle, it at
all, interior in Power to the gteatell .Monanhs in .Ifia,
SMthtHit which It would have Ucn imixfllibk tor tliein to
l.avr n>a:ntained and luj'j^ortrd that Commerce whuh has
\.<Krn ihr Si>ur(eoi fucK nnminle Ruhe-.-, fo, on tlie other
Hand, iy th:ir pruvlent aiwl vXicX (.kcunomy ut Nome,
thiy have cor.ilar.tly futUintd the Rr|>utaijon ol thr Com-

pany at tlu: giiMtcll 1 Iciglit, and thereby proveii of infi-
nite .\dvai taj;i' to their Country.

This iiuleeit i the main Pou.t, and the Thing which of
all others we Ii.im' laboured to kt in the tulliU a'nd llron"-
ell Light in this .Section. Por though it be true, that
both the Glory .nui the Profit airrumg Iroiii the right
Management ol the Allans ol this great Corporation, Ix-
long to the iJi«;./- alone, and not to any other Nation, yit
thr Kxample of fo rxtraordinai-y u Conllitution as this is,
liy which a BiKly of Merchants h.ivc Ixen able to railc ail
l''.mpire in the liuUn, ami a kind of new Republick in
the Bolbnj ol that by which thiy were: ciciilcd, is com-
mon to all the WorKl, and therefore the entire llilloiy ot
its Rill:, Progrtis, and prcfcnt Condition, conierns not
only all tlie lell of Awre/c, aiul in a particular Manner
every maritime Power, but ought likcwUc to tic tranl-
mitted to Pollrrity. 'Ihis, as it inrlined mc to take lij
much Pains, and to turn over fo many Be>oks, in order to
bring all that lusbcen faidof it into tutli a Method, as tii.it
the Zii^f////' Reader might dearly eomonhcnd, not only its
jmH and prclent Condition, but the Means by whieh ttie
former svas aciiiiitu!, and the latter is, and probably will
be maintaine^l as long as the Rejniblick of the Si.i\s-Gt-
nrral Ihall lublill : So 1 hotie it will merit a I3cgrcc ol At-
tention equal tii the trouble it has cofl, anel iiil[j:ie every
Reader with a fiiucrc and hearty Concern to lee the Af-
fairs ot Efi^lijh trailing Comiunies put into a like 1 ram
of Maingement, that as wc have not equal only, but
greater Aelvantages lor the promoting and lup[H)iting an
txtenlivc Commerce than the Duitb, we may neit k- always
as much behind them in this rrlpci;! as wc arc at pre lent.

There remains but one Thing more to coinplcat the
Aim and IXIign of this Section, and that i<, to give an
Account ot the Diviileiuis which have Ix-eii made lince
the Lllablilhmcnt of this Comj^uiy, which when I kgan
this pjiquiry, I thought could not have been bioi.ghc
lower than the Year 17171 but by a diligent Scareh I
have continued tlirin elevin Years lurther, and have Rea-
lon to ho|)e, that in the Apjie ndix to the next Volume, I
lliall be able to gratify the Reader's Curioliiy to its utmoll
Lxtcr.t,by btinging them flill farther down, jierlups to the
prclc-nt Year. As tluy lland in the next Page, tluy will iul-
ly anfwcr three very great anel ulelul l.nels. In the l;r(l Place,
they will fully lupjioit, and uniieniably prove tlie Truth,
not only of the I'actJ teeorJed, but alle> ol the Obf-rva-
tions made ujnjn thofc laCli through the Cuutic ot this
Hiftory, and thereby convince the Reader, that it is not
an ovei-weening Paflion lor 1 rade, or any partcu-
lir I"e)ndnefs tor the Duuh, that has Uet me 10 t,"..it fo
largely ot this Subieit, but an honeft am! laudab'c Zr.il
for Truth, ami foi the Intrrefl of my Cmintiy. ii \m!I
in the next Place fliew, what imreilible Aelvanugi-' ic-
lult from Commerce, when wilely ellabhnird, and lleadi-
ly purlucd, and how this alone eoiuributis more, not
only to the enriching, but to t.'ie railing thr I'nwer aid
Credit of a Nation, ilian all other Methoels taken lor that
Purpolc put together i and lallly, it will dcmonlliate, lie-
yond all Quclliun, the lallhotKl of that ObieCtion, whuh,
of all others has ken thought the ffrongcll .igainll the
£it/?- /*</»(! Traeic, viz. that it exhaulls and inipoveiiflirs
Nation whieh carries it on, by txi>orting aniuuily valt
(^.unities of Silver i for, if there had been any Trutli
in this, the l•.x^yrlClKC of lo long a Cuuifc of I ime, as
onchundrcel and thirteen Y'rars, mull have iciukred it vifi-
blc to a Degree kyund all CeintiadiCtion . wherr.is, this
Account of the Comiuny's Dividends, is the fullell and
molt auihrntitk T.vi.K-me of the euntrary , lo that it is
to Ik- lu)|\cd, we fhall ncvir hear that ObieCbon urged
again, or il it k, that it will have as liitir Weight as an
Argument built ujx)n t onjeClurc ought to have, when op-
liolcd to the Light} of l'.X|<crience.

Chap. II. EjlaUiJhment of the Dutch Eaft-India Company.

9^7

A cotnplete Table of the Dividends made
India Company y upon their Capital \

Years.
1605 -
-

7 -

8 -

9 -
It) -

12 - -

15 - -

16 - -
20 • -
23 - -
25 - .
27 - -
29 - ■

3' - ■

33 - ■

35 - ■

36 -

37 -
3f> -

40 -

41 -

42 -

43 -

44 -

46-

45 -
49 -
5^ •
5' -
5- -
5i -

54 -

55 -
■-.o -
^s -

:;9 -
00 -
i>i -

1-3 -
< i ■

<.o -

09 -

70 -

71 -

Months in
July I - -
March -
July - - -
April - -
June -
/Ipril - ■
November

December
Augujl - ■

■ 2

February -
April - -
November •
Augujl -
March - ■
January •
January •
December -

■ March -
May - -

Auguft -

- Mircb •
November -

■ Mirch -
November -

- October -
November

- January •
November

- February
November

- Deceiuber

- January

- November - 2
December •

- Jflnuary •
December ■

- January -

- January

• January

- J.muary

- Januaiy -

- June -

■ J-nuary

- Deifiiilrr

- DciCwbcr

- Ducmb^r

■ A'ov.'iaicr

- Ni-viiiibcr

- NoveiiU'cr

- January

- June -

- Ju'y -

- Juth- -

- June •
. Ju!y . ■

• June - -

which paid.
• 15 per Cent.

■ 4^J

- ^5

' 75 - - '
. 50 - - -

- 57' - - •
42i - - -
fzi - . -

371 - - -
25 - - -
20

I2r

1
2S

i7i

i2f

^5
1

'.1

19 -

25 -

•5 -

• 25 -

20 - -

221- .

25 - -

2t - -

- 20 -

- 2-; -

12:

I2|-

2/1-
l

40 -
12;-

40 -

-5 "

30 -

12i-

4J -

45 -
'5 -
I . -

In what Manner.

'In Money.

Mace.

Pepper.

Money.

Ditto.

Ditto

Cloves.

I Money.

{"Ci

ovcs.

J Spices.

Cloves.
Money.

> Cloves.

Money.

I Cloves.

>. Money.

- J

6y the
from

Years.
1673 -

76.

79 -

80 -

81 -

82 -

85 -

86 -
87-
88 •
89-

90 -

91 -

92 -

93 -

94 -

95 ■
96-

97 ■

98 ■

99 ■

DIRECTORS of the Dutch-Eaft-

Anno 1605 to 1728, inclufive. ,.

1700
I

Months in which paid.

June - - $i\ per Cent

February • 25 - - -

January - 1 2 ' • - -

January -
January •
July - .
February •

■ May - -

■ April - -
• April - -

■ April - -
. April - •

■ Auguji -

■ April - -

- y^ril - -

■ April -

- November

- June -

- June

- June -
September -

- June ■ -
December -

■ July '

25 -

22i-

33 \-
40 -

I2i-
20 -

33'-
331-
40 -
20 -
25 -
20 •
20 -

25 -
15 -
>5 -
>5 -

»5 -
20 -

»5 -
25 -

In what Manner.
■J In Bonds payable by
> the Province of //o/-
3 lanJ.
Bonds at 4 per Cent.
} Ditto on the Province
J of Holland.

J Company's Bonds.

f Money.

- 1

Bonds of the Compa-

, ny'sat ^\ per Cent.

payable in 1 740.

It may, perhaps be laid with Truth, tJiat fo clear, fo
accii/iitc, ami )i) laristacuiry an Account as tins is, for I'uch
a NuiiiUr ot Years and alio of fucli an cxtctilive Coin-
ni( icr, is liarce in the World to be met with. Let us
thrretorc nuke I'lc of this Account, in order to mHV fuch
O.iliivations as may enable ui to j)enetratt clearly into the
Siilintt. In the iiril Place, we muil remcnilKr, that by
ilie Loiillitution ot the Dunb (iovernment, all Ranks of
Pi-opie were allowed oiiginally, and arc, to this Day, per-
iiiiitid to ihVill tlieir liiiiuncs in the Stock of this Com-
pany •, by which Means every Body l»ecanie intertllevi in
Its Wrilare ; and the Support thereof was conlidercd
as ecjually bciiclicial to the Piibluk, and to piivatc IVr-

2 -

3 -

4 -

5 -

6 -

7 ■

8 -

9 -

10 -

11 -

12 -

'3 ■
14

>5
16

>7
iS

«9

20
21
22

23
24

25
26

27
28

May -

- 20 - - -

May -

- 20 - - -

May -

- 25 - - -

June •

- 25 - - -

May -

- 25 - - -

• May -

- 25 - - -

April •

- 25 - - -

■ May -

- 25 - - -

- May -

- 25 - - -

- Alay -

- 25 - - -

• May .

- 25 - - ■

- Alay -

- 15 - - -

- Miy -

- 30 - - -

- May -

- 33}- - -

- April -

- 40 - - -

- May -

- 40 - - -

- May -

- 40 - - -

- May -

- 40 - - -

- A[ay -

- 40 - - -

- May -

- 40 - - -

. June .

- 33}- - -

- May -

- 30 - - -

- May -

- 12'- - -

' May -

- -'.6 - - -

- May -

- 20 - - -

- June -

- 25 - - -

- May -

- 20 - - -

- May ■

• - 15 - - -

^ Money,

In all z-j'ii^lper Cent.

fons, which Spirit has been kept alive for upwards of one
hundred Years, by that Skill and Occonomy which we
have defcribcd, and by making all the Proprictois ftnfiblc
of the Profit and Lois of the Company's Prade, by the
Rife and Fall of cheir Dividends, hi the Couilc of this
Time, it clearly appears, by comparing the Total ot what
has been divided, with the Number of Years in which
that Sum h.as been divided, that, one Year witli another,
the Propietors of this Stock have conllantly received loiiu-
what more than twcnty-iour per Cent, whidi is lo con-
lidcrablc a Thing, that a very little Attention will con-
vince us, that it mull have laid the Fmmdation oi a great
iiuiiy private Fortunes in Holland, and is llillcl very great

Ufe»

.»

Jfuccinci Hijhry of the R'fe, Progrejs, ami Book I.

•1.

I'lc to the l»uWick, anJ of prodigioiis Bcnotit and Ad-
vantjpe to private IVrlbns in the Umc Way.

Bot then, it we conlidcr « in k larger ami more eWenfivc
View \ and as it lath .» Reference to the Cominonwcalih
t)f HoilinJy and tlie Dmel) Nalinn, we lliall find that diis
Eajt-lniUa Cominerrc has l)ceii lb t.ir from exhauftingand
ilrawing out the W'ca'.tii of tlicfd trwitKis, chat, on the
ronttary, it has br-«ught in a miKh grrater I'roiiottion ot
Wialth than roi:Kl h.ivc Ix-en obtained any other Way.
In order to be latiaieil of this, wo nerd only confiJer the
I) i(ji:ial Capital of this E»fi-lHdt* Company, which con-
fiihot not quite fix Millions and an half ot Florins, that is, to
take it m round Numbers, aljout fix iiundred and fifty thou-
fand Founds Stirlin{;i and yet upn this, in the Year 1 718,
they had divu'.ed hightcrn Millions of cur Money.

It may, iiidccd, be objniln!, that \x\mc we can draw
any Coni-.t^unice from this, we ou^ht to know the Quan*
t.ties of Silv.-r that have, wiih;ii tlut Spare of Titrie beett

grcatcft JnHice conclude, that if this Article of the Tride
uf Holland could Ik IwiUncrtl with the utmollNiwty u
would api»kar, ffi*; alleaft^ tliii Sum of Ki(;htaeB Milli-
ons has been (^wU by the Dut<k Nation, as well ts by
the 1,'roprietors of their £<l/^ InM* Company.

But it il Ihoiild be faH, that the Wealth of the timch
Provinces does by no Mniu correfpond with this Cafcu-
lltion, and that therefore It ii very improbable i my An-
fwcr to tliis is, that in the firft Place, this ought. lobe
proved, and in the next, that fuppoling it could be pr«v-
cd, it is no reafonable Objection to the Truth of lAax I
lay, finie it is very poffible, and indeed lughly pfobahJe,
that a great Part of the Wealth brought into HelUmd by
this Commtrce, and by the nuiuberlefs Brancheaot Tnkic
which depend upon it, nuy have been in Part dilRpatcd
and difpcrfed by the great Wart maintained by the Re*
publick, and by various other fcjiigencict of Sate \ To that
dllowing there were not eighteen Miilioni in the Hands of

exported trom Ihltmd, bec.uil., till thcfc Sums are all the Subjefts of thb Republick» yet this does not prove,

known, aiv 1 .inluiTtfd Irom ihr Ktghtten Milfions, divided that they may riot have gamed fo much by this Commerce,

anwngll t:n Fri';-rittor<, It cannot, with any Certainty, be "■ ''

known how ^nii I'rolits have accrued to the Dtttch Na«

t:>>n from il.i> I'miIc. Bat, m anlwcr to Itiis Oojeftion,

wiuch IS tin- 01 ly one that can be maiie ; I fay, fitll^ of all,

that th- Pivilrtnls m.tilc by th; Directors of the Compa-

nv, ar.k- trom tlie Salis by wh^h the (.i ,ods bniiUjht Itom

tic l*.iin on the Comjiany's Ai count, are throwi. intotiK

f lirvK ot ptivaii Merchai.ts, l-y whom the- greatc-il Part

of them have ken exported inro Otlur Couniriis of Eh-

r:)^v, and a \i'.\ I'rofii acccjuircd thereby, which Prutii it

not at all taUcn Notice of in the Account before ftated. I

l-v, in tlu iKXi I'laic, that iIk home Conlumption ot In-

ii:.t G(VHis in //«.'.'.; ';./, bear!! it little I'topcrtion to the

Qi antit'<%of thofrd K»d^ vimle.l by thrCompary in their

ji. l.ck Silrs t.ut jt is inijxfi'.rile to cunctivc thry can

coa.iiict to aiiycunfiderahlc Impoverilhmcntof the People v

a id that il.rt.- w tlir highcit K( aton to Ivheve the wtiolc

li^lhtetn Millions before mrrtio-ed has been drawn from

f. ;rign Countries into UdLnd, by the .Sale ol thole Com-

tinvlitirs i and cor.llqurntly th.s Sum at leat^ has been

paii.rd, !iut only by tiieCompa- y, but by the Nation.
I fay, in the .lurd I'lace, that this i>. the more credible,

UcJUK tins is I*, tar fx'i.i bni g the whole o\ the Profits

J \

\s.';ich C' Ctn-.,any has gaiind by its Commerce, that
tiiric il g'xxl ki^loii to bclie%-t it it not inmh aliovcone
l;a!l of tt.em ; tor wc inut\ cunfidrr that the Company has,
it Irvetj! 1 iiivf? piui tor the renewing us Charters and
Ptivilcgts more tlian its original Capital ; that it ha* like-
Wilc tx^>en''ei', from the 1 jiir ot us tirlt Klfablifhrnent,
an nmienle S\\n\ every Y'car lor the buili^ing, repairing,
and equi|)ping t'lr Sii:|,s employed in its Jxrvici-, and in
i;il>.hargii {; the \Vaf;rs due to all who are in itt Service,
which, vkitli many othir Artn.Ii«, that I need not enwmf-
tJtf, mull have an fen trom the dam produced by their
1 tudr. I (ay, in tin- lourth I'lace, t.Sar as the Company
Ins viry vkiirly avi)i>fcvl very high Divulends, and has al-
ways retained a valt Stock, and an imn>«il(? Treature for
i!, Sojip* n in cale ot any extraoniiiury F.mergency, fo all
tills, let Its Amount be what it will, u cxiUxletl (rotn tile
l-toTc-nv-nticntil .Sum ot Ltghtren Millions, aiui belongs
tj a )t|>arate A- count.

I lay, tarthcr. tlut ail the Projierty of which the Com-
pany il {Joirrfltit in thi- hiH-UJiti, ami which is capiabic
ot being trandrrred trom thence into hurfpe, ought to be
conlidcred as the entire ProtliKe ot this Trade, as it never
could have acftued to, or have been by any Means m the
Power or PolVedion ot the Subjcc'tj ot the States o{ Holland,
b'Jt by th'.- l-.Halhlhnient and Management of this Com-
I my So that It we take in ail thtfe Various Branches,
wlin.1. inaLe no Part of fheic Eighteen Millions, I believe,
titct'.' is 1,0 riafurable Man, at lealt no ciimpctent Judge
cf Matfcu i.f tins Nature, s»ho wdl not readily allow that
fiKV mull valliy over- balance whatcvcrC^iantitics of Silver
hav. tyrn cxportf-d by the Comp.my, fince its KlUblifh-
n..M, for the carryii.^ on ot the InJta Trade. So tlvaton
ifc 'A.-.ole, I thtjik, I nuy very fairly, and wuh liie

t'-

becaufe, as 1 have faid before, they may have fpent it.
1 may add to all this, that there is no great Difficulty in
letting thu Argument in fixh a Light, as that it may
operate llrongly m my Favour k for, if we couriiler the
proiiiyious Sums the Duttb (Jovemment have levxd upon
their Subjtcls the many and long Wars m which Uicy
have cngogcil. and the great Difficulties and DiflrelTss to
whidi tiicy luve Ixxn driven, it is as difficult to imagine,
how they tlioukl have been able to ;ind Money for their
txjienccs, and yet leave ,hrir SubjcAs to ricti ai they arc
at prclient knosvn to be, without admitting fiich a I'rufit
uix)n this Traile as it is to believe, that the bell Part of
(hi Ic prodigious Lxpcnces was taken out of tlut Wealth
wnich this Company brought in.

That a gnat tJcal of Time has been fpent in examining
and tracing the Hillory ol trtc Dnitb Commerce \i\ the
liiJiti for luch a Number of Yean, that I have been ve-
ry large in my Defaiption of its Elhblifhment Abroad,
and have bellowed no left Labour in fetting forth the Oe-
conomy of this Et^'lmdia Company at Hottie, is what I
cannot deny -, but at the fame Time, I mud profcls, that
ihey bringing fuch a Multitude of Thing;! into the Comfxits
of this Sedion, and thereby exhibiting in one View, what
it would coll the Keailcr much Time and Trouble, and I
might add, tjcpcnce likrwile, to pick up, from a Multi-
tude ot ditlerent Writers, was my fole Motive thereto-,
and therefore 1 hope this will be thought a jull Lotcutc
tor any Inconvcntencies that may have attended it ; the
rather, becaufe in the Courfc of my Kiuniir;es, I h.ive
met with luch I ieips, as i did not, and indeed could have
no Kealon to expect, which has enabled me to render the
Account I have given, much more pcrfecl than at lirll I
had any Ho[xs of making it. There is no PolUbiliry of
jii Igmg, on the tirll laying of a Plan of this Nature, how
all itic Mateiwls are to lie collected, what Sjuce thev wili
fill, or wi.at Atccllions may be made to them, wlnie the
Strufture is erecting-, but it is always clear, that an Au
tlior, who lias a t!uc Regard tor his own Reputation, and
a jult Corcern for the Performance of what fic has pro-
miU-d to the Publick, will be always attentive to the main
Object, and will let Circumllances of Imaller Confidcra-
tion give Way thereto, tor which, when all riiiii;;s iiavc
been lufTicienily wnghcd, his Readers will not think that
he ought to be blamed.

But if wc have dwelt fo long upon a Subjeifl fo fruitful
of Matter as this has apparently been, it will prevent our
employing fo much lime aa we fhouM otherwitc have
dui.c in accoUTiting fur the Endeavoun of (everal other
Nationa in Litr*p*, to (hare in this I'rade, by erri'tin)^
new Comjunies tor carrying it on, of which it will now
be neccfTary to fay no mure than what is requilite, to (how
how, wIkii, and by whum they were envied, an«l what
their Situation and lixpeclattuns are at prelcni, which w. I
erinclude all that wc have to add concerning the haj-lt-
dttff as It Will illb do this our firll Volume,

l.nJlfi-

••it '•

S R C I

J~J,lini\< f^r //>■• '• !■ n-'

))•'.

Chap. II. The I//Jlory of the Frcncli Eaft-India Commerce^ &c. 949

SECTION XXXV.

'f})C Hijiory of the I'Veiich Eaft-India Commerce from its firji Original y together with a

clear and coucifc Account of the feveral Aheratiom it has undergone ; and a full and

plain Dfcription of its prcfent Circumjlances at home and abroad ; interfperfed with

fome curious Remarks on the Nature of the French Government when the Powers

thereof come to operate upon Trade. •/ , 'v I ,* I

I A

Colledcd cntirly from the French Writers.

I. Tlv fruitkfs Endeavours o/* Francis I. Henry III. mid Henry IV. to I'ngag' their SuhjeBs in long Voyages,
and the firji Appcaramc of an Indian Trade in that Country, 2. The Pains takm in this liefpett by the
great Cardinal Richelieu, and his noblr Plan en that Std>jctl abortive. 3. "The firjl effetJual EJta-
ilijhtncnt of this C'^mmerce o^ving to the ffifdoni and publick Spirit of M. Gjlbcrt, li'ho interejlcd the
Crown in this Affair, 4. The Protection of the King, the Patronage cf that able Minljler, and the rnojl
zealous Endeavours of the Merchants in France y<';/7 in pr'jinoting the Inter ejls of this Company. 5. After
the Deceafe of M. (,\)lhert // declines continually, and lofes all Countenance front the Court, which brings
it into a very low State. 6. Tranft ion from the Affairs of the Company in France, to the Management
of their Commerce in the Indies. 7. A fuccincl Hijlcry of the Aequljition, fortifying, and erecting a
Town at Pontlichery, with the Reafons which induced the Company to niaki it their capital Refidcnce, 8. Re-
markable Revolutions that have happtnrd to this Place, and to the AJairs of the Company in the Indies.
9. A Defcription of the I'ortrefs and Town of Voni\{:chery at it now Jlands, a Calculation of the Number
cf Inhabitants, aud the Importance nf this Place Jet in a new Light, jo. The Condition cf the French
\i,\(i-\r\i.\\A Company at the Demife 0/ Louis XIV. impartially reprejented. i\. A View of the Regent
Duke 5/ Orle.ms'i Scheme for a Coalition of the IVeiich .^ading Companies for the Improvement of Com-
merce, and the Support oj pid'lick Credit. 12. A jhort hijhrical Account of the Cliiiia, Senegal, and
Well-Intlia Companies that were united to the Company of the Indies by the Regent's Editt. 13. A per-
feil Reprefentation of the Nature, Power, Privileges, and E/labliJhment of the prcfent French Faft-lndia
Company jince the Execution of that Scheme. 14. A brief Account of the Company's Trade from 1720 to
ijx', '» ^h an impartial Account of its prcfent State at home as well as in the Indict, and the t/-ue Va-
lue cf u i Uons. 15. Remarks and (jbfervatioiis on the Pacls related in the foregoing Sections, ex-
plain.i . ' . future and Confcquences of maritime Powers,

F. opencii the former Scftion, witli obfiTving,
tiiat Zca! for Frectlom, a diiL' I'ortioii of
publick Spirit, ami great Inilullry, were
capabk" ot coutirring the Hltirin!T<! of an cxttnfive 'IVailr,
even UiX>ii Nations iriliourir.E; iiiuli r the »rcateH: natiir.il
Imp-duucnts : But it will tie tiie Htilinelii of this Siiftion,
to Ihew, tiiat when- Krcciiom and jniblick .Spirit arc want-
ing, Power cannot kipply their I'lice -, anil even Indiillry
iiklt, ihougli it may procure Credit to fueh a People, will
never be able to punlull- XN'eaith. Commerce lovc'i to
find iti own Channels .md will not fubmit to any Ke-
ftramt. Hoix; will nouiilli it in the moll Ivirren Scjil, jiro-
vid(J that I lope be eherilheti by a mdd and prudintfio-
vrrnrneiit i for Trade i> found to b<- of the lanv- Nature
witli certa.ii I'iants, which, though they become fair and
larj^e by Cultivation, yet can nvvir be torceii.

riiere have been few Ciovcrnmeiits, at lealt, where the
Monarciis atfeCied aii'itraiy Power, which could boill of
being lu liappy 1:1 MinilK-rs as trance, neither has this
Country wanted fome gnat Princes who have both under-
ftin)d then Subjects IiitertP-s, and laboured to promote
them : And yet, with relpift to the Commerce nt wliu h
We are treating, both have laboured in vuin. I'lie lirlb
Monarcli of thib Country, who fhove to excite his Sub-
jeds tu extend their Cunimcice, by making long and ili-
Haiu Voyages, was Ir.incn I. who, by his !>.i larations in
the Year i;;^7, and 1 ,4^, exhorted the French Nation to
emulate their Neighbours, and to labour to obtain a Share
m iholc iin|iortant Dileovenes, by which they were li)
nuuli txait-vl both m Kiput.itie>n and Riches. lli'ivyXW.
renewed tliele I'xhortations by an l-^lift, datcil December
15, I (57^, but without any I'.tfeCt.

It was undir the Reign ot his SuccefTor, Henry W. one
of the wilelf, g.reatell, and which is Ihll a higher Char.ic-
ter, one ol the Iwll I'lir.ees that iver tat upon the Erencb
Thione, that thi^ Nation lirll attempted to thare in the
Conimerce ol the In.ita. One iiiiard if l\c\\ a Native
ot the l.r.'xC.oHntrta, and who had made fevtial \'y)ajjes

Nc M u. LXV.

to tlic Eajt- Indies on board the Bulcb Ships, came into
Inince, and olfeied his Service as a Pilot to fome Mer-
chants, who were ilefiroiis oi alTociating themfelves for
carrying on that Trade; of which the King havii'.g No-
tice, gave them all the Iu\courai;ement they coiilJ defne j
and by an Arret, bearing Date June i, 1604, erei.'fed the
firll Liijl-Imli.} Comj^any tlirit had ken feen in Frnnce,
and granted them ixclulive Privileges for the Term ot
fifteen Years, which however proved of no Uli;, either
through the Divilions and Difputes which arole amongtl
the Merchants that compofed this new Company, or
from their finding it imjjollifiie to railc a Fund fullxienc
for carrying fo gre.it an Undertaking into Execution.

But notwitlillanding this Company faileii, yet GfmrJ
le Roy ftili continued in France, and Ibll lab<jured to let
on foot an £<i/?- /«..';(? Company, which at length howe-
ver, he efiV<5led, under the Reign of Le-wis XIII. who
gr.uited the Merchants that weie engaged in this Project,
his Letters jiatent, date.-l March i, 1611, by whicii they
had all the Privileges that they could delire contirmed to
them lor twelve Years. But, notwithftanding tliis, tlvy
fullered tour whole Years to relapfc without fitting out lo
much as a fingle Ship -, and thereupon two Merchants at
lioiiin petitioned the King, that tliefe Privileges miglit be
transkrred to them, oft'ering to lit out a certain Number
ot Willis that very Year. But the Company before
erected interpoleil, and declared that this Delay ot theiri
arole trom unavoidable Difficulties, and not from any De-
lign of dropping or abandoning their Pro|eCt 1 upon
which the King very wikly dirciied that thefe Merchants
(hould be aflociated with the old Company, in or, let to
encreale their Cipit.d, and carry on their Trade the
better.

In purliiance of this Rel()lution, they h.'.d new Letter-;
Patents granted, ilated 'Jiiiy 2, i!iis, which wire re^'jl-
tered in Pailiament the Second of t-eplembe?- foilowaig i
and, in conlequence of the ample l'iivilej.;is that they hael
thus obtained, they bejjan to tic out Ship-, and aiUially

U I put-

ii'

9^0 7he Hijlory of the French Eall-India Commcnc^ <Scc. Book I.

14'.^

'Is? ^

l^olTcrtfcl thrmlilvfs of the Ill.imJ of MnMgaudr, whirlj
wai then ronfulcral as a very (;rcat 'I'hing, and mighty
I lopi s wrrr conccivrti thi-rrlroin. But this, inllcail of fa-
cihtating their Comiiifrcc to the India, jirovtii the Ruin
iif It Udder this Klfabhfhinent i for, it iKinp found by
Fjtj>crii nee, tliat tlir Fronts arifing from the PoUelRon
and Loinnurie of this liland, were of viry little Conl'c-
qucnce, it was to » halhly umiludcd, tliat the Whole of
this rnide wouM pn)ve as inlignificant -, and to, notwith-
fbndini; all the lair I'romiks made at the Beginning, this
Coinjuny, like the rell, liink, and was totally loll.

2. The great Cardinal Kubtluu however rel'olvetf to
revive thi-i Commcrcf, and undertook it with Rre.it Spirit,
xid lonlcqucntly with all the Apjxrarajicc imaginable of
Succcls. The Royal rnvilcgcs granted to this new Com-
pany were dated the I'winty fouitli of Junt i()42, and
tontaincil all that could l>c though: nereflary tor promot-
ing the Intercl\ ot' a S<x icty, under the jxculiar Protec-
tion of fi) great a MitilKr \ yet, it fell out unluckily,
that he <!,.! not long kirvive this new Grinr, which with-
ovit doubt, was a great I'rejikiice to the Compny's Af-
fairs : Ho»vcvcr,i/-.vU XIV, or rather the Regency, acting
in his Minority, comirmrd thofe Privileges by an IvdiCt
dated the rwrntieth of Stptembfr, 164J, and the Com-
pany entered into PolTtflion of all the Advantages derived
ihuetrom iinmediatily.

All thcl'e it quietly enjoyed for twenty Years •, during
which Space, thisthiril t oniiuny tent every Year a Vfil'ci,
hut the far greater Part of them were cither catl away in
thrir Pallarrc, or loll the Ivll I'art of thrir Crews by the
Scu-vv; fo that tlio't lie Name ol an A.{//-/iii/;j Company
was ll.il l^tjit vip in Irune , ytt, in f.u'f, they were [>ol
felTcvl of no luch Pr-de, but contented themldves with a
Numlxr of ftuitlcfs and fatigur-g Attempts to fettle a
flourifhing Colony at Motkj^.iijr -, a Dcdgn, which, alter
all, they could iirver fwing to fx-ar. The Time of t.'uir
Privilege being expired, tiic IXikc iJt !a Meil.'n.rf tliought
fit to attempt an Indian Piadc u}x)n his own Bottom,
which, however ended in fending a Ship or two to Ma-
t:.7gj,'it:r, wlierc he got 1 Uo the PolFelFion of the Irtmh
Settlements, aiid fouiui them not worth keeping, though
it IS faid ilut he made this Attempt at a pretty cafy Rate,
LyrcaufclxingMalUr ot the Ordnance, he made lo tree with
the King's Stores, as to lend large (Quantities of them to
Ma.i.i^.i.\ttr, and placed tlic lame to his own Account.
0.1 his beatii however, his Son, who was (bled the Duke
lie MiiZjriH, fold his Intcreft in thii Iiland for alwut one
thoufar.d Pounds of Our .Moiuy, whicii proved a great
deal more than it was worth.

Ttius we hav; fj>e.u our lime hitherto in tontcmplat-
ing the Prt.grefs of the Irmh InJia Companies tor about
thfcclcLirc Ycjr^, within which Space they did nothing ;
though lluie pnvjte Men from Si. .MjIo'i lent Ships tin.
ther, ar.d found their Trade turn to fo'ne Account. This
Very plainly ilicw", how l.ttlc the i><ncb dovcrnment
agreci with Ccmmercc, and how difficult her ablclf Mi-
nitlcrs find it to ellablilh 'l"radc liv l)int of I'owrr : And
ytt It mufl \x allowed, that Cardinal Ridx'.ifit took ail
the Pains m this RefjxLt that it was m the Powt r of Man
to do; for he lent tor Perlons who were Ixril vcrfed in this
Trade from lis. .and, ilrew abundance ot rich Merchants
from varioifs Paru ul t.Krejt into iranet, drew the I'lan
for the I'.llablilhment ot the iicwCom()any himlllt, and
engaged \unv of the primijal Pcrfons fur (^ulity arid
lurtunc 1. 1 Irjnct to embark in it.

What he conceived would mof\ prtimote if, proved the
Rum ot the whole Dcfign •, for there tx-ing always lomc
great Nolileman or other at the Head ol this Bulinels, luch
as end-avoured t>j otxain l.mployment in the Company's
Service, wire forced to l)feomc his Crraiures i by which
happy Contrivance therr were hardily any employed who
had Cither Merit or C ajuiity •, fo that the Merchants and
luch as were the belt Judges of the Means ot carrying im
f.icli a Commcii'.- wuli Sincil*, trrate! the hjjI-JnJut
Comjiany as a n'lere I'hantom, an.l never concerned them-
lr!vc-» at all therewith : As, on the other Haini, the i«.
ghjb and Dutrb I:.tji-fnJta Companies were under no Ap-
prchenlions alvuit u,t)ut iKinglol-ly guul-t bv !• JtjKricice,
treated the A:iair ri a i'l.d' ify<-/ia;ii Company wuli

Contempt ; while the reft of the States of Eurofe, fccinc
that /t<j«.y, with all her Power, ccjul.i nuke notliing of
thrle rejicatcd Attempts, took it for granted that the /«.
Jia Trade was deligned by Nature tor the maritime Pow-
rrs, and lb never troubled their I leads alx>ut it. TU^^
Things remained c]uietly in this Situation for the maw
Part of the lafl Century * and while i-ra>u( gave Law to
her Neighbours by Ijnd, Ihc made as inconlklerable a
Figure by Sea as any of the little States in J/a/y. But the
Scene was lixin changed when /.rw/j XIV. came to manage
his own Affairs, and liad taken into his Service fuch Mi-
niflcrs as were ccjually capable of undertaking great Do-
figns, and of forelceing and overconung all the UiHiculties
that could pollibly be met with in the Execution of
them.

3. The famous M. Olbert, fo much dil\ingui(hcd by
Lnas XIV. and whole Activity and Prudence procured
him mod ot thole SuccellVs whuh dirtii guifhed the for-
mer Part of lih Keign, and renderri! hnii tlie nii,(l pow-
eriul Monarch in huropt. This atlivc and iiUelli:;cnt Mj.
niller, 1 lay, w.>s i!ie Perfon wiio coiicciv. il t.'i. L^ lign of
reviving the Irrnch hnjl-hiJia Ci lupany, roissitf '.land-
ing all the Misfortunes that Sv' er.ie i.ad met wuli, and
which had, over and over, dilappointed the skill and
C"arc ct all his Predeicllins. B..t Ixlcrc he ma l.-jiis Inten.
tions known to the Piiblick, he f/ok Care to mak( hitn-
felf p;tte^Jy s^cll inllructcd in the Atl'air he was to
uiuleitake, which he dui, oy drawing to Ins Acijuaintance
fuch Mercliarits and Seamen as wer'- held to underllan.l
this Subject txll. It was from them !ic learncii that there
Were ibrce pnr-.cipal Diiliculties in th- Way of t!iat Struc-
ture, wli.cii lie lalxnirci! to railc, anil whkli, as they had
never hitherto been overcome, li) it ap|xared ixhcniely
doiibtlul whether, conlldering the Nature ot the l-'rcmb
(iovernment, and the Temi>er of the trtHcb Nation, ic
was (KjUible tlx y ffiould W got over.

The lirll was, the finding a luiricient Fund for the ef-
fc(flually fixing and ellaMilhing luch a Company, as to
which irjthmg liithcrti had t vcr Ix-en done worth menti-
oning, or that could alfoid any protuble Hoixsof Succeli.:
'I'hr I'raub N?'rchai)ts, Ixing extremely fond of new
Projects, Were ready enough in promifmgSublcript.nns, but
very How i:i [x-rtorming wtiat they promital, and in com-
plying with the Terms of th( n Contrads, even alter they
liad lulifcnlx'd. The le^-ond Fault was laid to Ik- a [xrenip-
tory Fxclulion of Fcrcij^ncis, notwithllaiuiiiig it was lo
evident, tliat the nrccfl'ary lunds lor the carrying on fo
cxtenfive a Trade, were r.ot eafily, at leaft, to l>c luund in
France. The tl.ir.l and ir.-atell i)itlkul!y of all wa.s, the
afTording Inch a Oegrcc ot Liberty and Inde|x:ndencc to
this Comjuny as mij;lit fatisfy Lxjth Strangers and Natives
as to the Secuiity ot their l'ro[xrtics, and put the entire
Management of their Affairs into the Hands of luch only
as were rhufen aiui entrulled by themlelves.

All t.h.le 1 funics M. Colbert weigtied in his own Mind,
and. *hcn he thouj'Jit he had lufhiiently ripened his Pro-
ject, )ie reduced it into Writing, but knowing at the fam'-
I line, the great Conlequcncc of having the moll lolul
Sentiments heljrd by a projxr Method, and adorned with
the Ijraces of Writing, he communicated his i'lan to Mr.
Cbiirpentter, of the trencb Academy, ellecmed one ol tht
bell Pens \n France. This (ientleman having new drelfej
our Statelmens I'houghts, liy digelling them into their
properOrdrr, and doaihed tficm with the plaincll and lig-
nmcant language-, the Scheme came Abroad with all the
Advaiitag's tliat cinild Ix- dclired, and was attended with
all the SucceU that could Ix: exix-Oled. As this l'a|>cr svas
elleetned a Mallrr-jnrce in us Kind, had amn/ing I'licc'h,
and contains Abundance of curious Circumllances, it may
not be amit» to give the Reader an I'xtra t ot its Cun
tents.

It was in the firfl Place obfervrd therein, that as former
Schemes ot i.hc like kind had t uled for want ot projjcr
Funds, there was no l)anf.'er, that any Thing ot this Na-
ture lliuuld liap(>cn here, lince, bclides the <onllaiit Pro-
tection and Sujjjxjrt which the (iovrrninent dttirpuned
to give tfiereto, the Kin^', liimlclf and the greatell, ami the
wealthiilf Pertons in th: Nation were relieved to furnilh
luch larjje Suiiu at the Beginning, i> might put it on a

Level,

c^c. Book I.

Starrs of Europe, feeing

Kuilcl nuke nothing Jf

t'T i;rantiil that tlic /,.

• lor the maritime IW-

l Iwiils alxiut it. 'Jim^

Sanation for the nuior

\<: l-ranu gave Law tj

ude as inconfiilcrablc a

States in Italy. But the

'-' XlV'.camctomanairc

nto ins Service fuch Mi-

unJtrtaking great De-

)niinK all the Difficulties

in the I'.xccution of

miicli ili(lingv,i(hcd by
and I'rudeiicc procured
dilh; miifhtd the lor-
rfd h;.n the nioll [»«-
tivt and im>l|.;,ent Mi.
k-onmv.d t!,. i; iii^not
ipany, r.nwiti'lhnd-
10 l.ad met will), ^d
ipointcd tlie .skiij a^j
h re he mu !■: Ins Inten-
/ok C'aic to mak^ hirn-
thc AiKiir he was ta
'.;^ to Ins Aajuaiiitancc
hdii to underlbnj
1) !ic learned that there
Way ot that Srruc-
ind whkh, as they had
It apixared ixtreniely
Nature ot the l-rtncb
the Froiib Nation, it

icient Fund for tlic e f.

h a Company, as to
■en done worth menti-
alile HoiKsofSucceK:

rcmeiy fond of new
ifinySulilcript.nn'!, but
jroiiiHed, and in tom-
iitrads, even alter they
is laid to Ik- a [xrinip-
withllaiklii.j^ It was lo
lor the tairynig on fu
at lead, to be lound in
flculty of all was, the

and Iiulej)cndcnce to
Strangers and Natives
cs, and put the entire
c 1 lands of luch only
lilelvcs.

hed in his own Mind,
■ntly ri[)ened his IV)-

knowini; at the farrr"
aviny the molt I'olid
od, and adorned with
.atrd his I'lan to Mr.
', elleeincd one ot tlit
1 haviiifj new dred'ed
ing them into their

the plaincll and lig-
: Abroad wiili all t.'it;
id was attended with
. As this I'ajyrr was
had ama/ing Ivlicds
ircumdanies, it may

l-.xtra.t ot Its Con-

lerrin, that as former
for want ot pro|)cr
y 'rhin[^ ot this Na-
es the <onllaiit I'ro-
■rrninrnt dctr-rmined
the grtatcll, and the
• rclolved to furnilh
i might put it on a
Level,

(:hiip. II. The Hiflory of the French Ealt-India Commerce, Sec. 951

I.evtl, nt lead, with the Dutch Eaji-Indin Company, at
iisliill I'.llalililliment. In regard to any Objcdlion that
init;lit 1)0 railed Irom the various Difappointmcnts which
jiad ovirturnetl three fcveral Companies already, it was
(iliterved, thm lew, or no Undertakinns of this Sort were
attended with immediate Surcefs. That the Spaniards M-
fered greatly in their full Exficditions to America, which,
however, diil not hinder them from pcrfevering in their
Dcfigns by whieh they had arquired the Empire of the
new World. I'hat the Englijh Colony to yirginia had
failed fiHir or five Times, and yet was brought to Perfec-
tion at latl \ and that even the Dutch Eaft-lndia Company,
which lb murh excelled all others, was far enough from
being fortunate in its I'lrft Heginnings.

'Ihcfe Principles being laid down, it was (hewn, that
thf llland of Madiigafcaft a ronfiderabic Part of which was
then in the PolVclllon of the French, was a Country capa-
ble ot iKing improved to fuch a Degree, as to become
of more Ciinllqiience, and of greater Advantage, than
any of the .Settlements pollened by the Dutch in the Eajl-
Indits, In Sii|)port of this, it was faid, that no bcxiy
would <lpny, that his Settlement was incomparably more
comincKlious and ...ore Iccure than that of Bat avi a, in the
llland ol 7<«v<, which the Dutch had nevcrthelefs made
the capital Kefulrnce of their Company in the Indies. For
with relpedl to the Comtnoilioulhels of the Place, the
Country ot Mada^afcar was extreamly agreeable, the Cli-
mjtte cijually louiperate ami pleal'ant,and the Soil atlbrding all
the Nccellarici of I .ifo, in the greatcll Abundance, whereas
the Territory al)out li<ttavia, was fo far trom being fruit-
ful, that the Company were obligcil to procure from tlif-
tant Illrtiot, Kice, frefli Meat, and other Provifions, lor
twent'live, or thirty thouland People, which could not
but t)c attentleil with f^reat Dilliculties, as well as with a
vatl I''j<|H'ntr. In refpert to Security, it was well enough
known, t!iat only a Imall I'art ot the IH.ind of Java was
in the Power of the Dutch, and that tlie reft of the Coun-
cry, whi( h was very largo, and very populous, was inha-
bitcil by a Variety of Nations, agreeing, however, in the
Firrccnefs and Brutality of their Natures, and in a bigotted
Zeal for the Muhammedan Religion, which made them
hate and ilel'pile all CluilUans to the lall Degree. That
the Teiritorics <)t the Dutch bordered on one Side on thole
ot the King ot Mataran, who had more than once in-
vaded them at the Head of an Army of one hundred
thoufand Men \ that on the other, the Ciiy of Bntavia
itielf, was but twelve 1 .eagues diUaiu from the Domi-
nions of the Kiiij', of Bantam, who liad likewife (hewn
himfell tin II j'owtrlul and inveterate F.nemyi whereas,
on the other I land, the Inhabitants of Madaga/car were of
a mild aiul rxcelknt Difpolition, and fo much inclined to
receive the Dodrincs of the (iofpel, that a Settlement
conlilling only ot one luindnii Men, would Ixr in greater
Security tluio, than alike Settlement even ot a thouland
and upwards in the llland ot 'Jciva.

That belides all this, by fixing their capital Colony in
Madtigiijcar, the Ircnch Company would be better llated
lor Trade than the Dutih in H.ttavia, becaufc it was equally
convcnii nt lor carrying on the Commerce o\ the Rcd-fea,
or <il the (iul|ili ot Bengal, and lay at the lame Time
Very proiH-rly lor the Dilpatcli ot Ships to Chi,:.* and Ja-
feii, ali'irding a convenient Place for re-titting and refrelh-
jng ;n lluii Kciurn : In Kiti rente to the lixecution of a
Projril whu li tliele Arguments were ("up[)Okd to demon-
llraio probable and lealible.

It was I.ikI in this Memorial, that a Fund of fix Mil-
lions, or lix hundred thouland I'ounds of our Money,
would be nenllaiy in order to the equipping twelve or
lout teen largi' Shins, trom Soo to 1400 Tuns, in order
to embark lu< li a iSumlHr of Pcrfons for this llland of
AUd.ig.if.ar, as mi('Jit elleilually, and at once eftablilh a
tonlidMable Colony dure. That there was no realon to
doubt, that his M.iielly wouki adv;<Mcc a tenth Part of this
Sum. i liai the Nobility Ani\ oth^r Pt rl'ors of large For-
tunes, Would adv.iiue alio the Sums requilitc to let this
Delign on Toi'i, and that as the king was willing to take
a tenth Shaie m the (elting out, they h.id Realon to ex-
|>eit he woulil concern luiiifelf largely in future Fxpedi-
lions. TImi a^ a laither I^KOura^jement, he was willing

to grant the Company an Ivxemption from half their Duties
both Inward and Outward, on all the Goods they exported to,
or imported from the Iinitcs \ and over and above all this, his
Majelty was content to take upon himfelf all the Lofs that
might arifc for the liilf eight or ten Years, wl.irh was fuffici-
ent to (hew, how much, and how (incerely he had this great
Defign at Heart, and how willing he was to C(;ntribute to
its SucceCs. That as to private Perlbns, they (liould be
at Liberty to fubfcribe in wliat Propetrtions they pleafed;
till the Fund was full ; after wirch, no iarther Subfcrip-
tions fhould be received on any 'Terms.

'That the king would not only p rmii Foreigners to take
what Share they pleafed in tiule Su'tlriptions, but to
encourage them thereto, would lik> will- conlent, that
fuch as fublcribed ten thouland Livrts (this was after-
wards changed to twenty thouHmd, or upwanls, (liould
thereby acquire the Right of Natural izaiion, withouc
any farther Ceremony j by which their Relations, tho'
Strangers, (liould be capable of inheritit.!* their Elfeifls in
the Kingdom of France -, and farther, that in cafe of a
Rupture with the State, to which fuch Strangers were
Subjecls, their EfTcdts (hould never be liable to Confilca-
tion, on any Pretence whatever. That tlie Affairs of the
Company (hould be managed by their own Dircftors, cho-
fen from amongft themfelvcs, in whofc Flands the I'unds
of the Company (hould conllantly remain, and that Fo-
reigners (houlil be capable of being rletled Dir^ftor'^, pro-
vided they were intereltcd in a rearjiiable 1^;^. .e in the
Stock nf the Company, and reliJcd in t) ancc. That in
Point of I»aw Suits, the Comp.iny llic 1.1 be made as ca-
ly as poHible, ami after being heard, in the fir(t inferior
Court, near the Place where the Caufc of Adtion arofe,
they (liould be at Liberty to appeal diiedly to the Par-
liament.

Such was the Memorial which this gre.it Minidcr caufed
to be difperl'ed throu[',!i all Parts oi th'.- Kingdom of
France, in the Month ol June, lOd.;., and upon wiiich,
the Fdift for cllablilhins; the Eojl-lnd a Company, which
Hill lUbfilfs, and which bears Date in the Month of y/«-
guft, ill the fame Year, was bounded. Wc have been the
larger and fuller in tliis Account, b-.caufo it anfwerr, two
Purpolcs i for, full, it clearly exil,i.i;s the Methods taken
by this great IMinifter to accoin; iidi what in his own Opi-
nion ajipeared to be a molt liili'.ult Undertaking, and
next, it alloids us an cai'y, and .ir the (iime ti.ne, a per-
teCl \'iew ot the principal Points upon whieh the prelent
Eiijl- India Company's Kltablilhnitnt rells ; for, tho', as we
fliall (hew in the Couife of this Section, the royal Autho-
rity has been often exerted in changing and new niodellinf^,
as the Circumftances of .Allairs in general, and thofe of
the Company in particular required, certain Articles m
this Plan 1 yet has it been always conlidered as the Bafis
and P'oundation of their Privileges, and conll-qucntly it was
neceflary to be well acquainted therewith, in order through-
ly to underftand the lubfequent Hiftory of their Tranl-
adions.

But firft, it will be neceflary to oblerve, that this Edii^
for the Ellablilhmcnt of the Company, was digefled into
torty-feven Articles, and that the Value of the original
Anions (and by the Way, this was the firft Time that
Word was ufed in France) was fix'd at one thouland Li-
vres, and the fubft^uent Call rellraincd to five hundred
more, which Edie't of Eftablifliment was regiftered in
Parliament the 7th of Auguft 1664.

4. As foon as this Edid was publiflied, his moll Chrif-
tian Majefty ordered the Sum of three hundred thouland
Livres to \x paid out of the royal Trcalliry, into the
Hands of the Calhier of tlie Enjl-India Company, and
M. Cclbert, who had been I'o warm and fo indullrious in
bringing 'Things thus far, coiitiiiui-d to apply himfelf with
equal Attention to whatever might promote the Concerns
of a Society, that he had taken lo immediately under his
Protedion. 'The AlFiduity of a firll Miniller in Fia'-.ce
is capable of putting any 'Thing into Motici, as appeared
manitettly upon tliis Occalion, fiiice in the following
Spring, there failed four large Ships Irom B'cjl for ALida-
gafcar, all of which arrived lately there on the loth of
'Ju!y. 'This new Colony changeil the Name of the Place
where they were tllablilhed, iiom MhLg-'fc.ir to the Drt«-

piii'i't

lij^tH'';',

,W t ^ •

IfPl* Li- iVi

95-

f>l':H\ ](\ini\ by whiib lill Nitne it is flill known t,i tlio
frfihh, M^y\ .itconliPi; to the Acimints tiny I'ubliflitvl ut
ir, iuig!it to be riUrniai a pcrtcot I'ar.ulili-. In a Ihoit
I'lmf, li.'«(VtT, t'uy hrg^n to I luiin«- tluir Oinnion, ri-
thcr trom (he I'.mirj'l l.cvity of that Nation, or Uvaulc
Opjrortuiiuus piclcntcil ot txtcmlm^ their Views m tiic

i'wo IVrlors oflVrei! !!)fmlilvcs iiiwn this CXcafion, to
proniotc tin- lotf r«'ll ol the ntw C umi^any ; the one was
Mr. CrrtH, ^l\n lia:- Iveii already utten nu-nti(^ne.). I Ic
wa*. i Nai.ve » t I mmt, but \\.\:\ Iven lor many Yeais in
eiie Duul' Seivicr, ami haii liceii raileii in that Serviu- to
the Rark i>l I'rel'ulciit ot the Factory vi /.if^H, where,
for Realbrvs whiil> we have a(ri};neii \n another I'laie, he
liilVf rci.1 leverely. Ami not thinl.in'^ lumlel) liifliciriitly C(^n-
rulcicil t't his Siifierinps, quittrvl rj-.e Dul.b Sirv.ir,
am! rrt.i; eil to Fnnitf, at a Jiinetiire when a Man ot lli^
Air.if.o was imith wanti..', anii thrret(>rf lie wa- carcHWi
ami «in}'!oyed. l i;e other was Mr. ,\kr,.tr,i, a Native
of f,f<ii:'<i,' w I't'Jij, ami nearly aliiul to levtral IVrlons
I t great Kaiik m t!ut King^ioni, as alto to I'oinc who c n-
ioyetl (u-.vcrniiunt-, anil other j-reat l-'inploynier.ts in the
Jiuiti \ he alio was cm; Inyni liy the Conipany, ami liul
a coniUlrial'Ir Service, in ConiiiiK'non with Mr. Chiron,
he fetticil a laCtory at Surji. anil by hl^ own Inttiell
jiirely. priKurcil lor chem an k.lbblifhmct.t in the King-
ilom ci (.V.',;«.i», in the Year ii 69,

Hut It atterwariis fell out, thai tlicl'e two dentletnen
ilitVerei!, anii Mr. Carat lint Nome heavy Accutations
at'.ainll the Pfrfi.-.n, who i ieareil hirnlilt, however, toct-
ttctually, ol ail tiut was I.ihI to his Lhatpe, that he was
h'tnoutably ai.qij;tti J, and eontinunl in his |-nipioynient.
It wai alio in this Year 1060, that the Directors ot this
L.:j}-I>'-it'> C'oiiipar.v Ivi'an to I'lllalle thrir S-ttiemcnt in
liic Illand ot t'.e D'tu;li)i, whuh haii b<'en always cor.li-
ilcrtel as thiir cl-.ief Keliilrnce ■, but now they were Jcfi-
lous of tran'-terrirg that Honour to Sxra,\ fo wj.uh the
Court of Iraruc afiintfili ami that nothing nii{;ht Iv
wanting for the .Sup|x)ri ami l-'.ncour.igt-ment ot tins Com-
merce, the 1 larlKiur ot Piri-L-cuts ssas granted to them.
With all lis Drixi.Jenns te^ether with tull Power to
iv.ake lotli Alterations i.\\A lm|>ruV(nTnts as they iuil(<5..J
tcquifite i ar.) it was in virtue <jI this (irar.f, that tliey
built aiil rtlalilirtied ihnr M.iga/.ines at what is now cail-
r.i V:r! .'Oi-.int. But r.otwuhlUmJing all thele Aa.v of
1 avour, the Allans ot the (.ompany were U> tar tr(,m
t.iking a futuMul 'rum, that it was found, U[i<jn Hating
a ^mcral Ac.;.unt, that they were imlcbtil in no lei's a
Sum tluii li.ur Mhlu'iis to the Cr'iwn, whi( fi, h-iwever,
ihc king, agreeable to the I'rymilc made them at their
li'abhlh.T.e'.t, clearly forgave, ami Kxik that Ixifs ujion
h.n.liil.

About thu Tln-.e, \\tnv | tivate I'rrtons, having irfi-
r.ua'.ed, that thry were willing to embark tliu: 1 ortiines
in a '1 ravie to the Indir, provided they might liave the
Comj'Sf.y's l.icernei am! the Company likewil'c hav!ng
fignifttd to the king, that it might prove Ix-netJtial to
th(.in, if thry had 11 in ihur I'owet to grant luch Iniiul-
genet ', tl);s I- avour lik'-wilc was added to i!ie rell, ai.d
private 1 radrrs were |>i rmittrd to engage in tins Com-
mer<r, u|>on the Icjliowing Conditions ■, lirll, that thry
fliould tmilport ihcnWrlvrs and their Ktret^ti on Buaid the
Coni|jar;y's .Ships b«ith toming and going. Secondly,
T-.at th y fl>ui;!d pay their l-rright and I'alVage before thiir
1 '; [.artiirc. 'I hirdly, that the (iixxis they brought 1 lome,
Jiweis and preiious Stones only exieptrd, (hould Ix- ex-
jo'ftd in the Compar.y'i Sales, and their I'rtKluce tairly
acc(nif.[id fur. Fourthly, that theic l.uences flioiiUl l>c
in F'orce only lor five Yean , ami lilthly, that it thry
fh'juld 1^ ti.und preiuiiiul to the Attairs ot the Com-
pany, t!ir Directors iniglit abridge or taiKcl them at liicir
Pleulure.

iherr was yt anoilier, and (bll more confi derable Aift
ol drafc (jUa.iied by tht-ir [xjwcrful I'loteetor Mi, Ccibnl,
will! ;» «as an I'Xen.pt.on from all Duties on the (looiis
thry brmight 1 Ijiiir. But notwithllaruliiig their mighty
A !var.tagis, and ihougii they l^aree alkei! ar.y 'Ihing ot
t.i'-.r I'atKjn but what was grante !, yet th'ir Aliairs ii,n-
ti' ucd liecliiia.g, ar..l a. hg died in ibbj, the Spirit of

:.onnfU'ni\ skc.

TAHk I.

t!ii> Commerce tiiight be laid to expire wjih |,ini. T|,e
Hihly, imteed, ol the Company, was kept up, n( t nuieh
pttlMj's to its Advantage i they liai! not only ,, Court .,f
Diteitoii at yV»(.(, but in Imitation <;t the l)i,i(i IjA.
In.iia Company, Cli.iml)ers (,l Direction, at liVMal i'urts
a Council in the /«,;;</, anvi in llioii, the Appeaiami and
Trai'pmgs ot a gnat .\uk\ iK.wirtulvSoeietv, when at the
Uotti ni they were ilillrilled am! jHxir, lo that uj on [litinu
a geneial Account in i(.S,;, it clearly appearul, tl ,it u,
llead (it gaming one I'cnny by tfiiir Coiiiivup, (|„y ||jj
actually run out one Halt ot their t. apital, 01 al)cut three
hundred tluiuland Pounds t.t our Money.

This was attributeil to K viral Caulo, but prim 11 ally to
thele three ; firtl, to the War with the DuiiL, which laft-
fd from i()-2 to i<)7,'>, and ot which wc have lioke
lar<;(ly enough in the lall .Si ebon. S.'iomilv, to the Ne-
gligciue and I r.iud ot the Pifli)ns employti, m their Ser-
vice in the India, who thiaight, though they were lint
by the Company, ihiy had no e)ther Hulinels tiiere, than
to miiid their own liit<ruis, which tluy did at the 1.x-
}x-nce of their Mailers, to that tome piiv.iti. Fortunes
were made, while the Concerns of the Publ;. k wrie run-
ning to Kuin; and lalUy, to the Supiiiem-lv, 'rimirouf-
nih, or Inability ot thci SubluiLyts, who h.ui not paid in,
as thiy ouglit to have donr, to the gre.it Detriment of
their AtVaiis. To remedy thele Dilorders, and to rerruve
It (nillible, the Traele ot the linking Company, it was le-
lolvcd to cliarge the Sylbm ot ttieir (luvernmrnt, to lutv
ptel's all the little Chambers of Directors, and to put the
whole Mana^'iment i^t the Company's Crjiietins u.tci the
Hands ot twelve Direitors rtliitipg in l',iris, who were
eatli ot them to pay 11 thirty thout'and lavrrs upon the
foiieited Actions, and to \x- allowed rcalonable Salarus tir
the Buhnefs they itid. It was alio relolved, that ail who
had not paid in, fliculd torteii their Sh.iies to tfn Com-
pany, with a PuiVilo, that it 111 tsso ^'ears, thry made
good tluir Payments, they lliould enter into thtir loiimir
Rights and have all their Avlic ns rellored.

'I'his Regulation was confirmed by a royal I-".d;c>, dated
m lei'iuury \V)ir., by wlmh the King hit tl;e Compar.y
free I .liberty eitlier to relume the Sovereignty ot M,:J,i-
jfd/idr wliii.li they h.ul rurteiulfrrd in iL-e, as h.is Ixcn
Ixtortiiuntiontd, or to leave it ai it then was in tlie Kii gN
I lands. .As the Company hail thus their Option, and were
left at lilx-rty to do as they thought lit in this Ati'air,
they, aft<r 11 atuie Di lil>eration, thought propt r to adl.eic
to their lall Rdolution, and to ijuit this Iilaiui iiuireiy to
the ( town i winch Act it theirs was eonlirnu-d by the
King's Arnt, l)earii)g Date tlie 4th ot Junf, ioh(». All
theh Regulations at home were lupipoitcii by an Alliance
abroad, whith it was ho[Kd would have had a very •^•(XkI
l.tleif, and totally rellored the Company's Alt.iirs.

'1 he Hitlory of tfus Treaty will k- givni m the luf-
ceeding Volume, ar.d ihrrdore we flia.l [k very Ihort in
wliatwehave to lay ol it here. The King of i'.-.iw, a
veiy [Xiwcrful Prince in the InJui, had rail(d one Mr.
Ctfjlanif, who was originally no better than a S.rvant m
an kn^hjh lac'tory, to the Rank nl his Full Mmilter ;
and hr Ix-ir.g a lx.>ld <riterprding Man, to<'k it into lis
Ilea i that it was very [oHU.le to (onvcri l.i» Mailer and
ail ins Subjects to the Chiillian Urjigioi;, b) ef.gaging liiiu
in a very cltjlr Cotrel^iotidrn<e with the Court ot irame;
in which lad Part (jt his Scheme he luneciled lowill,
that not oidy Miir.tjnarics were lent over 10 convert the
Sutmifr, but a Sejuadroii ol Men of War hkewile, with
lomr Prixjps iiu U>aid, to make the Kir g as ablolutt as his
Brother of Iramt. Tins railed loth a J'-alouly in the
Minds ol his Sub|t(fts as created a univi rial Revolt, in
which the King was murdered m his I'alacej hu i'rinic
Mmiller I ut oil in tin lame manner, and the lnttibiiM-
riloii in the Citadel ot li,inL(nk, atti r an t<bllii.ate Detenc?',
tot.dly dellruy'd ; and thus ended tlut Atlaii, and a!i the
.Advantage* that wrir rxjxCti d from it -, lo that 111 al 1 i.i t^'^o
Years lime the Company's Allairs were in as bad aCoiidi-
tion as ever, and all the high llope«. (hey had coii iveil
from the Charij^e ol their Adminillration, and tiie grand
Alliance \i\ the /x.i.ei vaninieit into Air, and were blafted
altiKill as loon a', thry tiloom'd. 'I his lrl! the heavr. i up-
on them, becaulc abundance of new Si.bkrihci. had Ixcii

draw.'i

Chap. 1 1. The Hijiory of the Krcncli Kalt-Inclia Commerce^ 6cc. 953

pirf «iili l.im. The
« kept up, „( t nuiili
not i>nly ., Ciurt .,f
• "» the /)„/,/, /._,ji,
tiuii, .It livtral I'^jr,^^
, tl.c Arp'aiaiiu ami
^'oarty. wluii at th,:
. Ituhat uicnllatiiiK
'y ••pprar,*!, tl at in-

apital, „i alxjut three

.)ln-y.

K'S Init I riniij ally to
»• /W,/, whid] i.i(l.
hicli wc l.ivc i|„kc
ii'umtily, i,, the W.
"ploya. in their Sa-
i<'U(;li f!u-y wtrr lint
■ Hulincis tiuTc, than
tiny ili.l at the Kx-
iiH- piivatL FurtuiK's
>r I'uM:. k wore run-
i"l'iM(nc|v, 'I'lnuroiif-
wliohaiiridt paid in,

great IVttiiiirrt of
I'cis, and torerriivc,
Company, it was rc-
( iuvelliiiirnt, to ru[v
tors, and to pi:t tlic
'<> Loiieiins n.tn the

in Purij, who wiic
ihI lavres i;[H>n the
ealonable Salaru s Uj
lolvrd, that all who
Mi.ltrs to ihr tom-
o Years, th<y niade
ter into ihcir toitiicr
llorfil.

a royal I'..;;c>, tiatfd
:^ lilt the Company
verei^nty ot Mjjj.

K -t', as h,is Wen
en waMM the kii t;'s
eit Uption, and wire
It lit in this Aliair,
►;lit proper to ai!l.crc
us lilaiid intircly lo
lontirmed l-y the
Jiotf, io>St>. Ail

ted i y Ml Alliance
e liad a very {juckI

ly's Airairs.

• i;ivrn m ihr Kif-

• i Ix- very /h'jft 1:1
King ot i';.;w, i

il railid Mie Mr.
er than a S.rvant in
us Kirll Mmitter ;
I, ti;<'k It into Lis
en l,i> Mailer and

, I) en<;aj;in(.i; huu
he C<.uri i/l l-r.mte ;

tu; (fcdtii Jo Will,
ivtr to C( iivert the
\V .It hkrvvilc, With

g .ts .iblolutt as his

4 J'-alnuly in the
inivi (l.il Revolt, in

I'al.ui 1 his i'liiiic
ilid the i nn,L (i.ir-
11 i/blhnale Dehnrr-,

AHaii, and ali the

o that III al c 1. 1 W-o
e in as Lail a Cmidi-
(hey ha<l connived
itjn, and tiie ;.',ranil
I, ami were bialhd
tri! (he Ijeavui up-
.•bli.iihci ' ha. I txeii
drawn

drawn in, whklt inrrcait-il tiic Clamour upon their Mif-
ritrrii((c, and induced a Kencral Opinion that it was ulijii-
lately inijiollible tor the Frtmb Nauon to carry on a Tiade
to tlie hiJns with Aiivantage.

,;. But itll thele vexatious Circumflancri at honrir and
abroad wrrr nothing in comparilbn of the Lofii of lh>'ir
generous Frotedor Mr. Colitrt, who wai ready at nil
times to exert his fnfluence in their Favour, anil whofe
Inlluencc was lb great that he never exerted it in vain.
I'here was nothing of Self-Intered or Views of private Ad-
vantage in this Condudl of his -, he aded purely truin »

nt« ^) he parried \ and the F.dift, which required the de-
(iroying ull the IVIul.l', md other Urenlih tor painting
I .iiiiirn in li<ine(, was to take Place ablbiutely on the
l''itll of /nMuary itiHij. The Company indeed endea-
voured, and by the Help of its Friends made great Ef-
Ibrft to defeat this lM'\[n\ ; Init, all they could do prov-
ed inrrtri'funl in the mam, and procured only a Sufpcniion
forfhrrc Months \ and, in the mean time, they were obliyeit
to take bulk what they had fold to private Merchants, and
lo return them thi ir Money. As to the gold and filver
UriK'udes, and other Induin Silk-., they wei,- permitted to

Principle of publick Spirit and the Defire he had of con- u\)[mt thele to a criain Value, viz. One hundred and

tributingto the Glory of his Prince, by purfuing what he
took to be the true Intereft of his Suoie^ts. 'Vheie it
mu(^ be confeflTed were great and iaudible Notiono, and
hich as he carried into At^ion with furprizing Sureels \
yet taking ali this together, it is perhaps the clearrll and
moft convincing Argument, that the FrtHeb Natk>n are
altogether incapable of carrying I'uch great Defigni Into
Execution with tuch Advantage to themfelves as accrues
to their Icfs |X)wcrful Neighbours, becaufc it is imuilTiblp
that Trade Ihould flourilh in a Country where its Welfare
mud depend folely on the Will and Capacity of a fingle
I'erfon

Hliy ihnufand lavns; but this was upon Condition, that
ihry exported to die Amount of Five hundred thouland
Livies in i'ltHch M.iiiufartures ; and they were afterwards
relliainrd tu ihr I'xiMutation of liich Manufaftures only
as would lell to I'rolit in the Enjl- Indies. The Company's
Coinntrrre was be fore ileclining, and they had but this
llngle Chance of fupporting themfelves by thi.- Humour
whuh prevailed of buying thele printed Cottons, llro-
cu'lrs, ami Silks \ fo that the Reader may eafily judge
li.at when this Prohibition came to take Place, ic gave the
Dialh's Wound to thei. Trade.

It muft however, beowneil, that upon certain Occafi.
Accidents are not to be truiled to, efpecially in Matters oils ihry did procure the Difpenfation of this Law for a
of Property and Things of Imjwrtance. Yet what great- leriain htiacc of Time, which might afford them a tem-
cr or more apparent Accident can there be than the riling |>orary Relief, and juft keep them from finking: But
of an able, experienced, and honell Miniller, in an arbiiniry lliry hud no longer a Power of trading as a Company}
Government ? It is fueh an Accident a.s not only fridom iheir Fa<flories in the Indies grew low, thofe who were
happens, but is very rarely to be expetUd \ and when it employed in their Service loft their Credit, and the French
docs happen, like every other accidental (lood, milleads Mug m the Indies was little regarded, and indeed fcarce
unwary Minds, and makes Men miftake for a folid and known. The Farmers-General of the King's Duties like-
certain loundation, what is in iid no more than a lucky will- attacked the Company •, and as their Employments
continuance of Ihings in the lame jfture \ lb that ilif h f^avc them the Ivii of the Minifters they were almoft al-
as are tempted to hazard their Subltance in Building uiMin wayt too hard tor them j fo that by Degrees, the Com-
luch a Balis, are net to l)e eileemed wifer than if iliey p.uiy loU the Benefit of moft of thole great Privileges
were drawn in to contribute to thcercekinga large Strue- whuh had b'vn procuicd by Mr. CVii'cr/, and yet with-

ture upon the Ice, becaule it had been known tu reiiuiii
tirm tor nine or ten Weeks.

As thefe are realbnable and juft Principles in tliPmle!ve<i,
fo in this Cafe, they were tully jwllitied by l'',x|wrirnre.
The SucctlVor ot Mr. Colbert was Mr. Pont-Cbinirain, a
Man who was tar Irom wanting Abilities, or being dellitlltc
of Probity, but whole Notions with relped to Commeice,
wcreeitliercrudeandindigefted,or, which was worii?, narrow
andobfcure. Uewas, from the Beginning of his Adminiftra-
lion, no Friend to the h:i,1-lndiu Company, as apiirarrd

eiut their beinp^ taken away i for in France, and perhaps
111 liniie tithcr Countries, Methods are found out for
(hidinp the l.awsby the Manner of executing them, and
without any loimal Repeals. Some other Laws were like-
wilr made (or l.iyiny Penalties upon fuch as dealt in
W(0U(^lit up, or III any way expcled to Sale any Chints,
or any other painted Cottons -, which being executed with
great Severity, put a full Stop to that Branch of Trade,
an the Want ot Money had done to moll other Branches.
.So lli,it between thole OppretFions peculiar to themfelves.

very clearly by his crolling every thing they alkcel, aiul and the Milihi. Is they endured in coiTimon with the reft

countenancing every Attiinptth.it was made againft them.
To enter into a long Detail of the Facts necelVary to ju-
llify in its largcil lijcteiu this Obfervation, would lic ut
once ttdiijus to th-j Reailer, and ilraw me much beyond
the Bounds I have prelcriixd to myfcif in this Wurk,
therefore I thail take Notice ot one Ihing only, whuh in
.,iis i the Eiijl-lndi.t Company finding that all Sorit of
painted Cottons, ^olel aiul lilver Brocades, and fuch other
fnowy CJoods as they imported from India, went oft' at a
j;reat R.ttc in hr.nuc, tiny ftiuck into that i'r.ule, uiitl
W^M to make conrKlciablc Advantages of it. This
ciieouragiil them to ventiue uixin another Undertaking,
which was the ""["'rting vail Q^iantitics ot white Coiiun'i,
and caufing them to be p.unted in France alter the Manner
of the Indiei, which occalione-d a prodigious Outery
among the Manutaclurcrs in France i who let iorth, that
the Sale of thele Cottons and Silks were exeellivily inju-
lious tu them, and that if they continueil, it was impolli.
ble tiiat their Manufaclures ftioulel fublill.

I'fion the Reprefeiitation ot thefe Things to the Prime
Minifter, he took the Tiiinf^ lo warmly, ttiat he immedi-
ately procured an Edict, il.ited the rweiitv li vcnth of 'Ja-
nu.try, 1687 •, by which the im[x)rting them was ablb-
iutely prohibiteil. On the Appiiiation huwev'ir ot the
httjl y«J/(j Company, and the- liiterpolitinn ol Unne l-'riciitls
at Court, whicli they had Itill left, the l''.xecutu)n o* this
Law was, in fome me.iluie, lulpeiidcil in I avour ot the
l umpany i that is to lay, they were allowed a eeitain
Space ot Time, in wliie'h to ebljHite ot the Cioods then 111
their I lands ; as allii ot fuch as might be brought hoii)
the Indus within a limited I'line : liut the ^nat Blow wa»
JS'u'MB. 0^.

ot the Sul)|ei'ts ot France by the long Continuance of the
War, they touml themlelves in lb low a Condition as to be
liaite able to keep up the Appearance of the Company i
and I hole who had tormerly yielded them Alfillance at
Court, In'pan to be tired, and hllcncd no longer to their
Sollu'itations.

Tliete aroli' hkewifc a new Spirit in France of curbing
and dillielling this almoft-broken Company, under Co-
lour ot augmenting the Revenues of the Crown, and
IiroleCling the Manulat^uies which atVorded Bread to the
'eopic , under Pretence of which, they firft reftrained the
Company from lelling Chints and other Piece-goods tu
I'oieigiiers wliich was not only a very great Lois to the
Company, but to the Frtncb Nation in general, among
whom the Money would have infallibly circulateil
lor which thefe Manuladures had been lolJ •, whereas by
ihi* i'toliibition, lu much ready Money was krptoutof
France^ and not a Thread more v'l their own Manufac-
tures vended, Atterwards a Duty was laid upon the Raw-
Silk, which they imported : And nejtwithftanding this
pioiiiirril a great Sum of Money, yet i: was not long be-
lore a Prohibition was applied, uneler Pretence that the
t oinpany importing every Year fcven thouland Pounds of
Raw Silk, did thereby preat Damage to one of the fttp'^
CoiumiMlilies ot the Kingdom ■, whereas, in Truth, the
I'lftllcll Part, if not all this Silk, w is fold by Strangers ;
But it was the Misfortune of the Company, that while
ihey were diftnfted and ill treated abroad, on purjiole t^
drive ihriu totally out of the Indies, they were envie^
and ixtfecuted at home, on Account even of that fmall
Traue whii II they diove thither •, and all this under thl|
u h. pla^

lui i.ommcnc

Book I.

I' ftffill Ci •■ fffip i t

* Cjd tft" ' iV. \

> 5 ,■ ■ ■ ;

..!■♦■' t i '

i: '

pUuCiblc ApiKttrance of pub'uk Spirit, and Concern li>r
«hi l\)or \ but, in reality, frtmi private Views and IcHilh
I'nmiplcs, as will be fluwn hctiatt^r.

The Minillers tli.it then governed /•r«r^ were ve-
ry I'.iliVrcnt trorn M. O-'/'fri ; thry were unacquaint-
id %kitli tl»e txtiiifivc Naiuii. ot Lommenc, took eve-
ry Thing that wa^ alleili^id Uy the Karnurs ol the Kc
vniue on on Side, and liv tiie A^cnM tot ManulaCluru
on tlic other, lor grantid, and niatle whaiiver Onlci'i
wire ddiiid on either Sulr •, hut, a» lor the Company,
tlieir Appliiations weri amtiini.illy lli^-jitiv! i and the lAcay
ot' thur Coinm-Mf, though priniuied by iIkIc very
McaUif, wjs pleaded as a ruiFKUMit I'.xculc lor this
TrcatHKit, and nude a Kealbn lot continuing it. In the
nie.»n time all their .S<itlcnirnts abroad were linking as fail
as. thiy tould -. and tlic lew .Scrv.mt* they hail were not
lb nniih Iwuiul by a Scnle ol Duty, a> lixed to the I'laces
while thry rclidij. by the gnat IXtiistliiy had contraiSled,
and which neither they, nor thur MalUts, knew how to
liiriharci-. But as tlic .Scene loon attrr chan^id lurpnz-
ingly k and as thu Cuinjuny has riitc iiUile tome kind ol
I'lpiiri, it will l>e lut.naiy to iiu r more paiiiculariy into
t!v 1 biloiy of their Satltiiici.ts u: tht l.^iti.

(>. We have already oliUrvid, that v.Iki. ilic Curnpany
wa» «f.i.ttii, ihiv placed the Seat ot th;ir Guvernmrnt,
an.! propolid to lix liRir capit.d Siti«.nK.it in the Illand
of A/./^jjf j.i ijr, whiih, in a warm lit ot I oyalty, they
calkd tht l;'anJ ol the l)>i*;h>i, and wlncii iluy tcptcleni-
ed to f'lc Wini.i !•> the la r.d IJght j^'Oiribit. I'hey lug-
jiclltd, tlut iIk Climate w.is exirtanily agreeable, not
w^r.nei In: twn I'lnrds of ilie Yr.ir, tiiiii It IS in tiamt,
(lu: ;;■.}; the !>} ring, .inl nil hotter tor tiic rrnuming lour
Moitiisihai: It 15 in thai Kitgdoin, during ih. Summer.

'Im Coi::.try al>o'j-. v; v»ith tine hniiLs, whok-fonic
llcrl's and pltal.t i Roots proilueing iliice Crops ol
K:cr in a Year, i.-A *.t .So.-ts of t'lrijran Urain, iKiier
in Ki.id, and iiioie in (.^lai.tity, tlian in any P.ut ol
Iranu. 1 iiry a .K.i to oil tha, tli.it ihire grew \'yx>
there raturaliy, whuli liore ailn.i.ablc Cirajies, and lioin
sviach it was very pra^I^itablc to iiukr exceiieni Wine.
As to Aninials, bci'ulii biaik Caitje m Abundance, it al-
ii rdcd Goats, Swir.e of kvrral loiu, aid n '.ny otitrr
lililul Creatuns. In I'oiiit of Kichrs, thry 4(!irn.cd, that
ihtrc wire Mmrs oi Gold, whiih, by the W ly, could
1.1 vcr be found, Ixfulcs Iron, laad, and other Metals:
TI. V with niotc l'ru:h, all'erted, that C ott<Ni, Wax, Sii-
i;ar, i laAand »).itc I* | [x-r, and In :igo. might be railn!
fiirrc t' Ai'va'itag- i tiat the Couniiy a.Moided both Mui-
krry-trtxs ai.>'. S IkAorni"., u: .' li.ai ihrre v.os great St( re
i^f Lbony, and oihcr ii ' \No.k:s. The K olony they i !•
tied there. io;l ther nnicnic S.j n<, aiul rctiMii^ed fur
Ivtn" y.ir* in a Vtrv ilourilh g v ..atu-i., Imding i Ionic

yearly 1. ecral S!k

.!y la :in, a^ul would vriy pfi>ba-

bly hiv- anlwe-i '. ihtir 1 xjH-i'tatioiis, it they toulvi have
hai! l\'..rnee.

Ui.: litf il.ty had once ftitkd Fa^torie^ in the Inditi,
thci'c who Wire in ihr Company's .S<'rvitr, tound it lo
niULh eaf;:c to raif 1 ortur.ci lor themrtlves in thcle Sct-
t!r:i5cri'., that by ihcir Kcprtlentations, they pr<x:ured the
Kcii.ov.l of tnr Couniil ot the InJui to iurai, whtre
t'lcy Unit a mofl noble and conviiacnt Moule, and ai'ded
ID ,t Warchouli*, Magazines, and otiier Otficca, much
lupern;: l» t.'ie 'I M^ic wiuch they had crta!)lif>ird to lup-
jx)rt it, aid Irom thik ixctfTivc and extravagant l-Jijieniei
tirir !irf'. Misfortunes arolc.

;, But after the hrll Dultb War, in wlmh they made
t;.tn-.: ises Martcrs ol iV. Thomai, which thry loll again
to t!ie iJuuh, the Sieur \Iariin ntirtd to a Place tailed
l\t:J:ilcrr, where, by the Leave (A the Vitfioy ol the
King ot lijajiur, he leftlrd himlill. This was in the Be -
j^nrang ot iIk- Year 1674, and as tlu,- Conipuiy luJ at
tint I irtic a great Urinand lor l'icte-gc.oi;», u was thought
th'-y rouli tot fl!a;)lil)i rhrinfclves m a Uiiei Plate, h
wa' f ,; ills kc*l');,, t.'iat the Frttith Company cumnulli-
oneil M, .\fitriin to proiure that I'licc for ihrin, on ihe
f>cil I ernis ft Could ; wall w1im.Ii Order he tomolied ex-
actly, rti '•er.tlm-.jn ap|*ais to lie one of tht hoiicllcll
atni moll • .[jbic IVrlon tliry ever had in their .Vrvi<r,
•iiJ ht prttuicd I'om the Govcn.ur who lirll gave hini

larave to Icttle there, a lacencc to fortify, and to feeure
hii I'cople and l.tlefls, in thr bell Manner he could
winch he accordingly did, and (■ ttli d under the Protec-
tion of his Faftory a little //»<6..» V'illjgc, of about forty
I loule«, in which thofe who wrought lor tlie Company
lived quietly arn) happily.

Ihingi had not remained kmg in this Condition, be.
lore he Was threatened with total Ruin \ fur the famous
ytva-Gi tailing with a valt iorcc into that |*art of the
Country, endeavtnired tu overwhelm him as a l)e|vndcnt
U|K>n Ins Knimie? However, M. Martin fupphcd by
I'rudenie, what he wanted in Force, and by a timely At>
pluatiop, brought about a '1 rcaty, which was managed
on his Side l)y an laaiM Prieft, which ended in a Licence
to tr.idc in his l)uminions, for which he paid one thou-
1.11 m1 lix huiulred Ruttis. This was in the Year 1680,
and he had the Year before pinchaTcd the Territory of the
King ot f'ifapaiir, whole Inheritance it was( fo that now
be was tolemWy Iccurc, only he was apprelicnflve, that
the Son of ietvi-Cji, who was Sovereign of the Place
might uke it amils, ii he prerumid to raife a regular l-or.
tilication without his Content, which heobtaineit m 1(^9,
and then (Hit it in a Ibllure ol IVtence, This was a ve-
ry iini( ly rrov.iion, for the Dulih Ugan to Ik ixtreamly
dilUi.bctI at the tloutirtiing F-llate ol this little Colony,
arid otlered very large Prrienis to the Hajah, in whofe Po-
minioiis it lay, in catc he would dif|x)irefs tiie /■'reiri6 uf
Pi,H<ii(b<ry \ but the Imiiui Prince, who was alio .Son to
St-vaCn, rtjtiteti thel'e Otiers with Contempt. He laid,
the IrtKih had tairly puichaltd that Settlement; that they
lud applied to his Brother tor a Piotcftion, for which thry
pid hull a valiuble Confideration t and that therefor. -, all
tlie Money in tiie World ftiould never leinjH him to dil-
lodge ihcoi: A glorious Inflance (f the natur.ii ProHty
ol the uiitonijuered Indians, au.l which lielrivcs nioie
I'raiU tioin Mankind, than tlw inoft cxtcnilvc ( mqunhs.

1 lie Dutib, however, rclulved to larry their Point, .;..J
the War having broke out between thimand Ir/tnct, tl^y
made OiljAjfitions lor attacking it by Force, whidi, how-
ever, thry did not do till the Year 169^, when th-y came
l>ctore the Plate with a .Squ.ulii)n ol nineteen .Sail, landed
an Army ot betwicn two and thiec thoulaiul M<.ii, with a
fine Irain ot Artillery, and lix Mortars. To make their
Cui.ciuells the lurer, they applieil to th', new Kaj.ih, svl,o
Wis not of the lame 1 em|K.r with the old me, and for
the Sum ol about twenty thoufainl Pounds of our Mo.i(y,
purt haled the whole Uillrict in Pr<i|>erty. Tiny then 111-
villcd and attacked the Place, which after a g<Kxi De-
Itrxe, M. Mitriin, r.-ho was tlu-n Uirertor-Ciener.il for
the trfmb h'lji- India Company, lurrendered U|X)n \'ery
honourable Condiiions, on the («th ol Sipiemher lO, ;.
I'his Str'jke, sshicli lirrnied to put an Fnd 10 the Com-
pany's Authoriiy in thole Parts, proved in irs Conli--
qucnces the happitll 1 hing that ever betel thcin. For
the DnKh were t.o loontr m PotTeliion ot the Place, than
t.hty i.iilcd new W.ills, Icvrn regular Ballion.s, and what-
ever elle was nrcrirary to render it one of the compleattll
F'ortr; lies in tht indin.

In the Year 1OU9, upon the Conelufion of a genera!
Peace, the Plaie was rtlloiid to the l-rtttcb, who theiel y
acquired the I'lofxriy ot Pcnduvery, and all thelir line new
I'urtititationv, ai. I this for lb trilling a Sum is live thou-
land Pounds, which they paid to the Datcl' (k)vemor, up-
on his delivering up ail that b-- was [«)l!clli-d of, which
(irobably he would never hivv t.one, it hr had not Ix-en
tojnptilevl til iitu by the Orders of the SiaKi-Gfieral,
who, as they were gre.it (iainers by that Peace in liu.ypr,
would not [)cr|)lex il. lufclves with ti : UilputCj between
the two t om[xanirs.

8. As loon as tin- .\tws of tliis svas brought into I'rance,
the h'Jl-lniiia Conn^any rccriv< ; Outers irom the Go-
vernment to put that Place into (uch 1 condition, as that,
in (ale ot a leioiid War, they ii.i^jht not lolc it lb rjfily
asthiy had done Ixlore ; m\<.U to enable them to do this .1
Sijiudron was lent tioni l-'rumi, witfi two hundred r'-[;ulai
■| roop's, tor the .'\ugmentatioi. ol thcCiarriluni Icveralatilc
F.ngincers, a vail (,^aiitity ot military Stores, and what
ever ellc was requilite to Itture I'cndubery from any luture
Attcmpt.1 ot the DaKh. The Sicux Marim was again

inttullcd

I Manner he could,
'I'-^l under the p,„„,:
' 'I'-'KC. of alxHJt forty
'ttht »or the Company

Chap. II. Th' ////lory of i&e French Eiiii-lndiii Cof/iwercc J ike. 955

iiitnillcd witli the Cmnnunil of the Place, which in the
Spaic of tiAir or live Years he fo changed, as that it was
f(arie to bf known. 1 Ic not only compieatrd ihc Fortift-
c.uinns ac( ordii)(; to \\h Inllnidtions, and afll-mblid a good
(iiiirit'on of ftvcn or ti(;ht hundred Men, Init likiwilc
hinli OIK- htirtdrrd new ) ioiirc'<;, and laid out a regular i'ian
lor a laipe Town, ir.to which, by his own Frixkncc and
pood Manamiiunt, lie drew within the Space of five
Years more, fifty or fixty thoufand Inhabitants •, fo that
in chc Year 1710, it was liecome one of the nioft ronli-
drrable Places in the fmU^s, in the Hands of the Euro-
pritHj V and if the Affairs of the Company in Europe htt.l
kej't Pace at all with th' Improvements made by this Gen-
l!cm.tn in the Imiifj, the Fnntb Company might very
foon have been ti|xin a Level with their Neighbours the
Enfilijh and the T)uttb.

1 his, however, was lb far from being the Cafe, that
both this Gentleman and fucceeding (jovcmors. Were ob-
liged to find Ways and Means to fupport themfclvesj
the Faftory and the Town, by tlie 'I'radc carried on in
it, and by the Indullry of the Imiiam fettled there, in
which they were fo fortunate, that while the Company was
daily declining at Momc, every Thing carried the Face
of Plinty and Profperity there, and none knew, or felt
DtfRculty or Pain, but the Governor and their Council,
who yet were never tempted to opprcfs the People with
Taxes, or to endeavour to make their own Circumllanccs
eafier, by laying any Part of the Ijoaii upon others. It
is true, that when the 'I'own grew too large for the old
Fortification, it was found neceffary to llirround it with a
new Wall •, but Im)W clear foevcr that N'"reility might ap-
jjcar, and liowivcr advantageous for the People, yet the
(iovtrnor found it abfolutely impradicable to defray the
Uxpcncc without the AfFiilancc of the Inhabitants. In
order to procure this, he aftcd with equal Integrity and
Caution i tor, having firlt ordered the Wall to be marked
out, and Part of it to be credled at each End, he there-
by Ihcwed his People at once the Advantages which would
be diriveil from inch a Fortification, and the Expences
that would attend it \ fo that when, in order to compleat
his Dcfign, he impaled upon the Inhabitants a Tax of
Two-pence a Month for every Head, they were equally
fatisfied, as to the End for which it was impofed, and the
Sum that would be railed by this Impofition, and there-
fore, inftead of Murmuring or Complaining, they paid
it with the greateft Chearfulneft, and gave the Governor
hearty Thanks for the Care taken of their Intercfl.

I have dwelt the longer on this Incident, for a very
particular Rcafqn, with which, when communicated, 1
am thoroughly fatisfied, the Reader will be very well pleafcd.
The French^ who in Europe pride thcmfelvcs fo much in
the (iranileur and abfolute Power of their King, and talk
in fo high a Strain of his Conquefls, afl'ed quite another
Language in the Indies \ for they value themfclves there
U|X)n their Juflice and Mcxieration •, their having pur-
chafed the linall Territory, which they polTefs •, their hav-
ing lived always upon gotnl Terms with their Neighbours
and their eflabiilhing lb large a Town, and acquiring fu
many thoufand of Subjcds, purely by the Equity and
Mtldnefs of their Adminilhation : I'he Fad is equally
true and Arange, at iIk- fame Time that it demonftratcs
that common Senfe direifls all Nations to think the fame
Way, and that the great Difference of Opinions, and
what we call the Temper and Difjwfition of Nations, aril'es
purely from Accidents in Education and Government. In-
ciepcndent of thcle, Rtafjii, is every where the fame, and
Men think exactly alike, which lliews the Reality and
Certainty of tlie Ljws of Nature, to which all Men re-
turn of thcmlcjvrs, when the Intiuence of Power, and
other accidental Relfraints arc removed.

y. As we h.iv<- Ihewn by what Courfc of Events this
Fortrels of Pomiiihtry is liecome the chief Scat and capi-
tal Refidcncc of the Frfntb Eaft-India Company, it will
Ixr nccririry to give the Reader a more particular Delcri}>-
tion of it, and of the (iovrrnment ellablilhed therein. The
Town then of I'ondUhery is fituated in the Province of
Giii^\ on tlic CfHill I'l ('.orcmandelf in the latitude of
twelve Uc'^rces Nurth, aiul in the Longitude of one hun-
dred and Imirtetn tr'.ni rhc Meridian of Paris. It Hand'

at the IJilt.mcc of one hundred Yards from the Sca-lhore,
and has nothing more than a Road before it \ fo that tlicy
are obliged to cany all their Goods in Boats for a full
League i'he Magazines of the Company, and of pri-
vate PerfoMs, are bcjth numerous and magnificent, as far
as any 'I'hing of this Nature can be fo \ they have a large
and very bcautilul Market-place, fix fine Gates, eleven
Baftions for the Defence of their Walls, a regular Citadel
well fortified, upwards of four hundred Cannon upon their
Workii, befides a good Train of l''ield-pieces, Bombs,
Mortars, and ot.her military Stores in their Arfcnal.

The Governor has a very fine Houfe, with conver'-'nt
Offices, and whatever elfc is rcquifitc for the Service, oi
Credit of the Company. On the Weft-fide of the Town,
the Company have h very fine Garden, beautifully laid out in-
to pub!ick Walks, and whatever clfe may contribute to
the Satisfaction and Pleafurc of the wealthier and better
fort of Inhabitants : adjoining to which Garden, there is
a very fine Iloufe^ richly furnilhed, made ufe of for the
Reception of foreign Princes and AmbalTadors, who,
whenever they relor' thither, are treated with infinite Rcf-
pcil, and all their F'xpences defray'd by the Company,
which has been found a very wife and ufeful Contrivance,
of much more Confequence to the Intereft of their Com-
merce, than the Expence it occafions. The other pub-
lick Buiklings confilt of a largr; Convent of the Jetuits,
where they have ufually twelve or fifteen Priells, who,
befides officiating in that Charader, likewife teach School,
and inllruA the Children of the Inhabitants in Reaciing,
Writing, and the Mathematicks, and whatever elfe may be
of \Jk in civil Lifei for, as to the learned J^ugunges,
they trouble not th.emfclvcs about them, and indeed, the
K owledge of them would be of little Sirvicc in this
Part of the World : There are, btfides that of the Jtluits, two
other Convents, but not fo confiderable by any Means as
the former. The I loufes of the Town are as regularly
laid out, as if it had been all built at once, thu' it is now
near four Leagues in Ejttent. Ihe Europeans build with
Brick, but the Indians^ and other Nations, ufe only Wood,
building in that Manner which we call here in England
Lath and Plailler. For the ktter, they have the Ltd in
the World, which is compofed of all forts of Shells ground
to Powder, and wrought up into a kind of Palle, which
when expofcd for fume Time to the Ait, becomes altoge-
ther as white, and aliiioll as hard as Stones.

Thefc Houfes are one Story only, and arc ufually eight
Yards in Front, and fix in Depth, and yet there are fifteen
or twenty People live in them. They are but very indif-
ferently lighted, fo that it is not cafy to conceive how they
are able to uilbatch their Bufinefs in them. Their Routs
are all flat, for the Conveniency of lyinp; upon them,
which they do almoft nakeii, agreeable to the Cuftom of
the Country ; for Pondicbay, lying in the Torrid-zone, is
cxtrcamly hot, tho' otherwile the Climate is found by f x-
pericnce very whollbmc. One Thing there is in it very
lingular, and which therefore defervcs Notice, and this is,
that it never rains there, except feven or eight Days at the
molt, towarils th'' End of Otlobfr, whicli talis out regu-
larly, and is therefore the more fingular and extraordinary.
'The native Indians, Or as they are called here Gcmi'es, arc
moll of them Weavers, or I'ainters-, and tho' the very
bell Workman cannot earn above Two-pence a Day, yet
upon this he is able to fubfill himfelf, his \N itc and his
Children, their principal Foot! being Rice boilM in \\ a-
ter, or wrought up into a Pafie, and b.tked upon the
Coals. The Country round about is extrcamly well culti-
vated, and pioduces Rice in Abundance, lb that there is
hardly a Place in the Indies of greater Plenty, or where
they have Flclh, Fifh and Fowl, on more rea..,.ubli:
Terms; and this, notwithftamiing they have no other Wa-
ter than what is deriveil to them from the over-flowing <A
the Co/ram, and other great River?, which tliey prellive
in Lakes, or Ponds, and draw it for L'lc, through their
Country, in artilicial Canals, after the fame Manner as in
Egypt.

The Governor General for the Company, as he is lodged
in a fine Palace, fo he makes a Figure equal thereto in
every RclpeCh He has twelve Horfc Guards cloathed in
Scarlet laced with Gold, and an OlHccr with the Title ol

Captain

>i,

.:.,!

95^)

V Htjtory oj th Frcikh 1",.iTI-IikIi.i (..onmui,

IiiH>L I.

"i *

wm^imk

Capfnin whn (omnvuiili tlirm ; lie h.i' alio a 1 iM<t (lu.inl
rf tlirrc liimdicil Mm. NjtiVf. of tlir Counffv, ullfil
Picni, an! wh'ii l>r ippran \<^ piiMirk, hi- ii .-arrir \ in a
PaUnkn very rif hly a-lornrtl with goUl lrinn<r Wut all
Ihn Pomp jiiil Siatr i» i'll'i'laycil <-nly on proprr ami pai-
tiiiiUr (Vcalion*, -ipm tlic iCicivinRof' I'rinrfs or Am-
^a(Ta^ior^ . at oiiicr I invs hi* fiuanl* arc cmploynl in
thr ni-cflTary Srrviir ot the K oinpany, aiul rarn to tlic
fiill fht \Vaf:(s«h.\ arr paulilo:, a^ wr iuvealicailv flicwn,
th'rrarr'cw Scttkiiunt* N'ttri rri'.nlati'il, or more tlil-
rrftiv };ov<rnal than this wlvih ihc Kia.lcr vmII more
eafily IhIicvc whrn hr * tokl. i i .f amiriiinn to the lall
Aaciii.t takrn ot i;,; Ish.ilmant^ ot tin* PUr, there ap
j'far to 1^ in it no |th than onf humlrril ami iw<niy
tiUHiUiul Clinrtiaiiv. Molui>mritan< ami lientile* \ a
th.n^; a'fogcthrr liiiioiil'k, il the lad was mit l'upi>ori
fd liy IfHimonus tin Amhoricy of which it not to tx

'I hue taniiit Ix a I'laif Ixittr fcatat for Trade than
f'ii«, Iving in the mulrt of the h.ureffan Sf ttKme nn on
thr Ciull of CittMiiiJf.', anil havitm all the Bay of llrn
jj.j.' ojien Irfnfe then* i to that here the Company'* Ma-
ga/.inr^ ari full ol a'.l the Commoilities aui ManutaCtiircs
not only of the Coall of Ccrcmande,', Kii of other I'arn
of the /"..'(>, fikli a< Bfng'ti, Sural, ami the Loall of
Malabar, av alto of lULh is arc imponeil from Ptrjla ami
the Cfuli ot t!.( Kill Sra •, and here likewile are their
Ware hiiiil'es for all forts of Europtan C'ommoihtie*, which
ire conveniently tranl'jHirtcvl from thence a» Occafioni re-
qnirr, to all the Markets in the India. The Staple Trade
however ol the I'lace is cl\etnKvl to l-c I'leCi- dooils, ri
whiih the lindl arc made in the ncijuhlxjuiing Kir^'ilom
cf C:.\:rJ.;, and the bt{\ {\ainted here; they likewife
have great (j^iantiiies ot Silk raw ami manwfa^fured, f ioKl
and Sliver Brtxrales, I'rrfumc*, Spice* and I)iamonils -. m
which laH Trade thiy ato faid to have made a (Treat Pro
grefs of i-ite, and lor which it is certain they are very eon
veniently fitiutcd, aslfingat a veiy fmall Diftaiu c f rom
the tinrlt Mines in the iiiiift, ami by havinpamonpft them
PerKins as well fkill'd in Jewels as any in the VVotKl,
The IrtKcl h.tji-lniia Company thrrrfore can neither l>c
blanuil lor their Chmcc ot this Refidence, whu h all
things cimfu'.cred is the fittcll for them of any in the
InJid, or far tlx I'ans a^d Kxpencc they have Ix-
Howtd aU .;t it, amounting in the whole to about eight
hundred tlicular.d l.ivtcs, or forty tlioiiland Pound Ster-
ling. S;-; c thereby they have renden d if lii llrong tn.\
To con-.ir.^iiioiis, that ii might very ealily drive ten times
the 'i'laic they iuve ivcr had in this Part ot th;:
World.

1 1.'. \Vc arc now to rrnirn into I ranct, and to confidrr
the Sitiution of Things with rrfix(Jt to the C"otnr«any, as
low as the Dcmifc of tht late Kii g I r.tti Xlv. The
War, as it brcupht numUrlels Mdi Imls on all other
Branches of th^ hrrnch C'oiiimirce, fo it |iattii-ularly at-
feClcd the Etijl InAid Company, and this as much throogh
the wrorg Notions that wt re formed of that l"radc at
home, as Irom Ihr Interniptions it m<t with abroad.
The Firtntn of the Royal Krveniie not only continued
f^nr I'lrfrtutiom, by attacking fiom tmir to time the
P'lVilrilg;"- n( the Compa; y, and almoU always withrut
S;;i.efs ; But I'.'w bni-niirs were daily ariiini;, that added
to thr Number of thnr llarifliim and Muhirtunes.

T.'ie O.'l^tT f,f High Admiral, which had Ivcn for a
long time tiipjirt (fed in /rjurc, was given by the King
to his Natural Son, the tuunt dt Iculouje, who took \'x
t!| !. ins againlf two Privil'-dges of the Company. The
hilf tjranta! thrrn the entire Projvrty ot all the Pn/rs
laket; by Ship m iheir Service, and thr frtoiul rx'nij>trd
them fiom thr- Uighrs ol the Adnur.dtv, in rig4r>l to
Wreiks. 1 his orcafioned a vety lonp, Difputr, whuh
at lalt eroded in a Dtrilion contrary tcj the Intcrelj ot the
Compai y. it ap(>rjr'-d cl'-aily from heme, that on the
ore liaHil the Ciimpariy had entirely loll \\\ Credit at
Court, and on the oihet, that thnr PiiviN .!ges were t.ir
rninigh tmin rellirg on a linn and li ttlcd l-'oiindation,
finfe tji'y w<tc habit- at every turn, to U lul.vertril and
taken a*av by Aich kind ot JmJtjments to the Compa
r y's P: ^.-ihie.

SurhacontimiedStri.-, of MiUhiels and Mist, rtunr,
not only crulhed the Tiadc, but broki .!,« Spirits .,t t|,e
Conjpmy, and that to luih a degree as to .ibligc' tliuiitu
have recoil lie to l\|>rdients |..r tlirir own S.ippon, which
were mit very advantageous, though at the laiiv tunc they
Wire highly dilhonoui.il. We have iHlore (4.r.rv(d, that
in the Year it.Si, thry had entered into a .Scheme |.,r
|>ermiiting private I radr upon certain Con.iition-, wlmh
we have mi-ntionrti \ but tVii Aflairs were now talkn in-
to Uh h Diloider, that they were not only (ontcntiM luHer
pfivate Pi I Ions to Dure in their Trade, but even to re-
lign It to ihem, and ilut u|)on very nitxlcrate Coiuli.
tiont.

Acconimgly, m i7(»H, ihey granted Leave to Mr.
CrmzM to lit out two Shipi in the Namr of the E.:il-
In.ii.i C oinpany, uivii. Condition that he paid thiin fi.'tn-n
ftr Ctni. u|>on all t!ie (fmnls im|K)rted under this pfwi-
ledue, and two/ier Ctnt. u|Hin all the Pri/.s they Ihculd
nuke Ivyond the I. me with a farther ki lervation, that
the Company might l>e at lilK-rty to bring home on l)oarJ
hi» Ships ten Ton ot whatevei Coininodiiies fhry pilled
without paying any I ni^ht. I'lir Realiin they alligned
for thii ritramlinarv Step was, that their Atiuis were lie-
come to enilurralUd, and the PrtUms emp^yed in their
Service lo loaded with IVbts, that without the A/lillancc
of thii ProieCl ihry mull have l>eii» obliged xj rilim|uith
their Settlements in the InJut. It is realonabk- to believe
that they finiiul Irom this l'.x|»edK nt llime little Relief,
which inducevi tin ni to extend their Pro|ei.l, and for the
Preleivation ot thnr .Sitvants in the Iniii'', who by this
time were almvc ten Milhoni in Debt, they fairly lacn.
fueil themfelvet.

lor in the Year 171 J, they entered into a Treaty with
fome private i'radrrsat Sitini Mue\, by whuh tluy yeild
ed lip to them all thnr l*rivileilge as a t ompany, iii>on the
Ivll Perms thry coiikl olitam, ami thi> with a \'icw to
furni;)i liich as wrre en>ployed by them in the Irnita, with
Sums luficient to keep under the Intercll of their Debti,,
and tli'.reb) prcvmt all things Irum falling into C'onlufion.
A mifcralile Situation this, and yet the Company found
themlrlves unable to ur. 'ertake any thing upon their own
Bottom, to that oil the |-.»piration of their oah I'tivilcdges,
aliout the limeol this King's Death, thry warmly loli-
cted a renewal of them, not Irom any Hc'Iks of rcviviiiij
their Irade, Imt purely with tn Intention to renew their
.Agreement with the Merchants ot Saini M.i,'i>\, that they
might gam enotigli th( irby to j ttfcrvc their Scttlcincnt5,
and not lulVrr Inch as thry had employed tube utterly un-
done in their Set vii e.

It IS very clear lron\ heme, that the Ruin of the Fri'iiih
Eijl- India Commeice has hitherto Ueri the Nature oMheir
(ioverniiv lit, whuh is a Point I Ihall take the Liberty ol
laying oiven for the liilormaiion and .Satidjilion ol the
l-.nglilh Reader In thr tiill I'lue, I mull obhrve, that
the lilicts tor tluir I'.llabiilhiiu ni, .ml the rxtenfive Pri-
vileges granted liy them, thoiigli they 4re ni one .Seiilr,
nrcelVary to the B.'ing and hmndation ol the Company,
yet are huritiil and diladvantagrous to it in another, Sinit
though lew dare rxpn u their I hoiiglit-i Inely uiwn thr
Subjed, yet all M 11 ol giKiil Scnie cannot help ddierr-
ing, that m a CounPy wli'iv lo mui h dc|>endi upon tlie
Will an.) PIraluie ut the C io\sii, no Loiii(iRri.t can ever
lie Iccure ; lor ai the faiiii' Pnwtr that gves may take
away ■, (o it nuy likrwile alter, abridge, irul even dclhoy
by new L.lk-f>, any of thole Piivilrgr*, though gra:. id
and loniiimed in ilie llrongrll letnis that Wotd* can cx-
pieh,

In the next Plaic, as the ( oMipany mul\ be almoft fup-
(x.ited by Acts of royal Imvi>ui«, lo the ulitaiiiirg thrie
iinMl always dcpi nd upon the 1 eiiiper ct th: .AdmiMiha-
iion, o.', in other \\ oids, and in plaui I crins, U[y;n th:
W ill o! the Piiiiv Miiiiller lot the i imt btiii;:, ssl.i.h i»
fu. h a dangerous a.'id prciaiiuui Icnuir, that I O.Mai,
who thinks at all, can Iwlieve he has any Piuprtiy whir it
drj>ends iherrujxin. In the third I'mi;-, ti.e Mix.iiu oJ
the tiovernmi nt, rrmlrnng it abloUitcty necdlaiy to pre-
fer tlu- Inleiell of the rt*y ll K' Viiiuss, up/ii which the
.-Vdminillration of the (iovcinnn nt ill''i ckjK-ndi, Cj ai y
yihcr biivicJl whaicV' ; j thr. i> lucli a ii>«r ... :l Dan.
.1 ti«

liuuL I.

Chap. II. The Hijlory of the French Ealt-Iiidia Cunimerii\ 6cc. 957

'"■•'■' .in.l MiM, minr»
' •!'<: Spirit* III the

I 'iwn S.ipi,,,,,, vvliich
« ■<' 'lie Uiiv lunc tlicy
l''i"ri-(»l)riTvc.!, ilii,,
'I int«M Silicnir (or
••111 CoM.iition', wliiih
ir^ were now falKn m-
"I'ly loiitcntj-) Uili'cr
'•>''■. Iiut even to re.
'fry nKxiiTitc Co;iili.

»'ucil l.ravc to Mr.

■ N4tn-' ()( the £.,yi.*
« tie pai.l thiji ti.'iccn
ftiil un»l. r rliii I'rivi-

tir IVl/., tlicy |h„uM

lirr ki Icrvitior,, tint

liiiDK hoiiK'on IxMfJ

iv..litici rliry |jl,:aiej,

Uraliin they allij^nej

their Art.iirs were be-

•lu cmp.iyai in tl.ejr

»*ith<)iu till- AdilUnce

•il'ligcil t(j rdiiiquilh

\ iraloiuUlc to bchrve

It (o-nc httle Relief,

1'ri'lfi.t, ami for the

f InAi'', who hy tliij

■L»i, they fairly ij^n.

Pil into a Trr.uy with
, l)y whidi tluy ynld-
a I oiiipaiiy, ii|yin the

iliii with a \'iiw to
•111 in thr Iniiia, with
ifrrell of their Ddu-,
tailing into Contufion.

the C(ini|)aiiy »ouml
thin^ uiH)n their own
their own I'nviJeiigrs,
1, thry warmly loli-
ny Ho|K» of revivinij
cntion to renew ihtir
ttni A/,i,'e's, that ihcy
rvc their Si-ttlcmcntJ,
oyiil to be utterly un-

ic Uiiin of the Frnuh
rii the Nittirr r.i'ihrif

II take thr Liberty ot
>l .Satiitjvtion ol the

I nmll oljltrvc, that

III tlic rxtenlive I'ri-
ify ate n one St-tilr,
loll ol tlu- Loiiijuny.
i» If in another. Sini:
15I1IS fntly uiwa thr

laiiMDt help J»U:ern-
i< li ilcpcn.ii upon tlu'
1 l.oiih'iu'ri.c I an ever
llut gvci may lak-.-
gr, itiii even dclltry
■yrs tliouyh ^;ra:.i 1
\ that NVorvi* can cx-

y mud be aimoft ^w;-
> the olitaniir|^ thrx-
rr ol ilic AJmii.ilira-
aiii Itriiu, ujHjn tii:
I im"; bciii!;, wl.i:h u
cimir, that ro Ma.,
any J'rupeny «li;l: it
'.'u", liir Miv.aii ot
;i ly nr^ciijiy to prt-
lut s, lij) ,n v^ i.ith the
lf!l ilcj)?ntl», to ai y
i.li a S-^«r..; <A Dan.

ger a:i i Diiquirt, ai mud nrcclTarily hanilh all Tru(\ and
C(mtiJtin.c 111 the' Faith ti< fuih ■ (jovcrnnimt. Hence
it may be ubtcrved, in the fourth I'iace, thu fuch as are
rn(fagril in the Management of a Cumpony's Concerns,
under liicli Lirrumllanien, will icwk very little farther lliaii
the Time preltiu \ and, inftead of pUi ing their Hopes
in the future Surcili and I'roliierily ol futh a L'onipany's
AlVain, will lonfine their View» to the making the molt
ihey ran nf imniejliate Advaniagei, in oulrr to l^^iire (it
poiriblc; their private Fortunf-, let what will become ot the
publick.

l,.ilHy, we may eafily difcovrr, from tliefc KeflcAions,
how It came to pals that private Iradiri in trana, fuih
as the Mrrchanii at Si, Malos were able to encreale their
l-uitunc!i, and carry on a 1 rade to tUe lui/l-hJitf with
AdvantaKe, under the Authority ol a Lonipany that was,
in a inai.ner, become bankrupt \ and lhl^, nutwithlland-
ing thry paid conlutrrablr Sums out ot their Profits tor
partiiipating in its I'rivihges •, tor, as private Men, they
could (liive a gixii Hargain with the Lom| any, with tome
realoiial)!c Airuianci* ot havnii', the I'eims ot thtir Con-
trait cuiiiply'd witi', iKraule niaile only for a en tain
Time i eiinjying .iKii the lull Iknetit ot thol.' Sittlcmcnts
whuli tiie Coin)Miiy iiud nude, without (ontiiLiuting any
tiling to the KxiKi'ce which thry originally loH, or eviii
(II th.it by wliifh they writ hippoitcd i lo that, eunfulir-
ed in this l.igh;, the Company llood liiiwicn tin in ar.d
the Government, and tin I'e private Traders iiii(^ht be laid
to enjoy in I'mnce itiell, thole Ailvantat^es that could be
fxp«ited only in a Lir.d ol l-'reedom, and Ijy the l-.njoy-
mcntof which Iblely their Trailc Ix-caine a lvantaj;e()us,

The inoit we retleiit ujxin thdi: tew Out-rvatioii'', t!ic
niorc wr mull be convinced, that it is not Irom any Dc-
feft in the Lountry, any Want of Skill or Induftry in the
I'eople, but lor the Want of a ri^ht liovirnnxnt in
t'ra»if,tU»t her Trade never has tjeeneHabhnKilona lecurc
and lolid Bafis. i'liis likewilc deinonllrate'.-, that how-
ever dangerous and dertruCtivc the Ambition ot this l^jwer
may be to her Nri<;hbour"i, tiom that arbitrary Force,
with which, by the Folicy of her Minillers, Uie has been
long armed v yet this, ar the fame time, is an Fvil that
preys ujxjn her inwarti Strength, and keeps her in a conti-
nual, thout;li llow Conliimpiion i li) that it her Neigh-
bours would but unite amonj; ihenili.lvcs for then own
Defence, the arbitrary nirpofitioii of tlir Couit of luimt
mull necclVardy turn upon itltll, and I'uoner or later pro-
sure its own Diirulutiun.

'Itxreare.liouever, certain Seafonswiien fiuma Varie-
ty of Accidents, thi-ie appears even in lutli a liovernnient
a ilrung Spirit tjf promoting ihf pulilick Welfare, not
Irom any real I'rineiple of that kimi, but to cover Ibme
other liclign, whiih could not dtherwile Lh; carried into
f.xecution : As tor Inllaiu e, upon Changes of Admini-
flrations, more ef|)eii,illy in Minorities, when fiich as are
at the Mead ot the (iovernment find the Mealure of
their Power mull, in lome mealure, dejiend upon the I'-X-
tent ot their Reputation. At fuch Times as thefe, I fay,
there may Ik' a temjxirary CelVation of thole pernicious
Notions whiih intei't the I leads and Heait^ ol arbitrary
Rulers, or, which is tlu lame tiling to the I'eopic, a Sul-
penfion ot the Practices which flow Irom tiiem •, lo that, for
fome little time, the Government frems to ad u|)on new
Principles, and conl«iuently Afl'airs i lunge their lace in
the lame Projiortion.

Thih happened to Ix- the Cul'e at the Peril .d of Time
when the tremh luijl- India Company were llruggling for
a new (irantof the I'rivilegcs wlneli they had enioyed for
lifty Years, though Ibmetimes in a larger, lomctimes in a
lefs Degree. But the Renewal of thele Privileges in that
State in which they then IUhxI, was all that they delireJ,
to have them augmented was what they I'caree hoped i
hut to have this done, and their Term reiulercd perjietual,
exceeded the Limits of their l'X[M.Clations and was en-
tirely owing to fuch a Revolution in their tiovernment as
lias iieen Ufore-mentioneil, and which it is now necellary
that we fhould delcribe as clearly, and at the lame time as
concifely as polliblc.

II. The Duke of Or /<•(»»', who defcat''d the old King's
Will, and, in lomc mcafiire ellablilhcd a new Ggvcrnmcnt

N I, M B. 6 V

in /•'r(«l<■^ contrary alike to the With « uf tl.r moll pu-
tent ot the Nubility, and of the mi'iii'r liirt ol P-upIv,
found himfclf obliged tliercfurc to ft.lttin his Auihoiiiy,
by endeavouring to acquiie to his Adiliinilli ilmii fuch a
Reputation as Hiad never attemhd all the \i> lories and
Vower vt Lnuii ibt Crtdt. U was wiili thu View, that
from the lime lie took the Ueins o| (lovtrnmeni into
his 1 lands, he alVe^teil toatt on Maxim« diLi'tly oiiporuo
to thole of his PitdecrlTors i he dn tared openly, that the
great End of Ciovernment was the (iood of the People (
that It was imi)oiril>le this Ihould bepiomot'd by ben g
engaged in perpctud Wars, or in contiiiu.d (.Jiiarls witfi
tfieir Neiglilx)urs t that Peace was an uiiivulal lllelling,
and mull therrtorcbe the Interel) of Fritntt^tt well as of
all other Nations i that Commerce was tin* iiatu il lVu«
duce of fettled and iiuiet Times \ ami that ihv Flii^li
of an extenfivc 'I'rade were moro certain Ri I'ourcci of
I'uwer and Strength than Cuiu|UelU, or arttirary Du<
minion,

Whether the Dukt- Regent was iierCuadcd tif the Triitli
of all this, or whether he [iretended only to be lo per-
luaded, is a Point not at all important h't us to determine,
finee it is fufticient for our I'urpole lint he aCled upon
thele Mixims, wh.itevi r he might li> licVc about them ^
and that by ailing u^mpii tlicm, lie leilly larried Ins Poinr,
and tame to be iKiilidereil as a i'linie who hid griat
Notions ol Liberty and Commnci'. I lie h.i'jh.iuliu
Company thcrtture, oi at leall, luih at luid the M.inige-
meiit ot the Allans ol the Coinp.iiy, enti ri.iiiied the
warir.cU Hopes ot Siueouraiid I'roiiciiiin; I'm iii(nii.',h,
before the Death ol the late King, they hid i<btained a
Prolongation <il tin ii I'livikgts toi ten \ aii, to be ae-
counted troi i the I'nli .>f .\:>ii, 171 , \ )>\ ihi., like iiu.ll
of the royal I'avou s tiny had nieiv^i , was ol veiy little
life, I'lnce tluy li- ; mo FuiuI-. \< \\ li.i tlrcaiiyngon tluir
Commerce •, ami, btfules, the Term ihiy ii'W had was lb
fhort, that It aildid veiy liitle to their Cl'idt at ln/nie or
abioad, It was from the Duke-Hi|viil that tluy tX|H'd-
ei! more folid AITiltanee, ami lucli I b Ips In 'Hi the Trea-
I'ury as might enable them to revive ihui Tr.ide.

IJi:t tlie Utgent ami his Minillei* weie in Scntinrnts
qiiite opiufite to thole the Cottipaiy lial llaii' i(>l them-
Klves widi, and, inllead ol king at all iiiJincd to part
with Money oi:t of the royal iKaliiiy, tor oilki Pcop!c
to empliiy in Trade, they wire conniving how to iiwke
I'll- ol the Sound ami Riputalioii ol ( oinmtue lo till the
King's ColVeis, to pay oil' the Debts III ihe Crown, and
to dil'clurge the 1 aiails wimh l.iv heavy on ili-' (iovern-
ment upon the ShouK'.eis ol tin; N.ilion, by that Series of
Contiivanccs whuh aie llill known in IninK by thfl
Name of lif yyh'iH. It w.is with this \'irw that tho
Regent Iheweil lu iinich baveaii ,ind Kmdiiel. 10 the It'iji-
//ft/.'rt Company, and '. Ilablillnd its I apii.d at Oiv Imii-
ilreit Milhins, and then by prot iired an t)i'|)4iiHiH4ty o'
lelTening that immmU- <.iuantiiy ol I'apei Klniuy which
the long War had maiii rei|uilile, Ihit when the hnjl-
/«ij'/<» Company rame to repnl'mt llie Condition they
were in, and to tlie leir Alldlaiue and I'lolt'itidP, they
loon foumi that they had 10 elo wiih ilmle who undcrlluoil
tht ir AlVairs to the hill, as \vi II ,is i!p ir,li Ives \ llieii foic,
iiilUad of goveri'.ing them as they ,„i,l I'l ue loiiticr Mi-
nillers, they were foired lo jut tin nili ivi s etitiu ly into
tiieir Hands, am! trull abloluicly lu ilieii (iimiolity and
Diliretion.

The Confequence of this w.is, v. ly |Hi lubK, uhit they
h.id not forelccn, lime il piov diulieihi Pill.hition ol du*
Company, or, ssliieh is the laiiu 1 hii'|^ in oilier Words,
ths Union of it to the llijiiii tompmy, wliuli had
alreat'y Iwallowed up fome ethers, '1 hh I'.'.diCt ol I'nion
or new lillabliniment exiii'i',ihniid the I'ltk' of both the
Companies, as wdl as ot t!ie nil ot the Sonctii- eompriltrd
therein, ami gave to the whole the uMUprelKnlive and Ig-
niticant I'ltle of the C'flWJ/'d'iv <i/ lit liu'.ios. In the Pu-
amble of this FaIkI, we Iwve an e\iellcjit Fli'.lory of the
Lranfadlions upon which this I'nion of the CbiniMny
was built i for therein it is laid, thai the King having
principally apply'd himlilf to the rcUoiinp, the Commerce
of' the Kingdom, and thereby repaiung (he I.ulles and De-
cays occalioccd by a veiy l'>r|,', and ".Sipriilivv War, and
1 1 L har-

gT^ 7u Jj.'jloiy cj the l-'uikli 1 ,nli-Iiuii.U.o//////{7(«', c\c. Houlv i.

eful If

IHi,

hivinp a'fiii'y h.i.! t if Pi'.«rii;fe to iK' ehr Ciriiil.iti"n oJ
Mny w.n.liitu'ly ijUiikiucil by the I ibblifhnunt nl
tlrlli/l lnJi Company, hi« M^jrlW ha. I frnm thnur
It.cn il I III look wit.) tlio St.ifr of llic cM C<)m| iniM.
tr<i'\c.! Ixfor |ii« Amflion i<> il>c I'liruno i ami in parii
culir iiH ) ihf Sut'olt'c /•,'.i// /«•/'•» t'lmjMry. wlmh he
I'luml to !< ii.iilh'c| li)r.il>|p. In the SjMci' cif filty Yrati
tliry ha! i;u(«i(;.rtjm!tng rcjwatnl AllilUncr* from the
Crwwn, maoa^'nl their AT.iir< Id iniltfrrtntly, ai tn Ix*
oMigr! t.» al'jnlon tl« ir Comrmrce cniirrly, ami to take
iij) w.!!i Uirh (lining Aiivantj^.t as could Ik ubtaincil ly
Llting oi!i their Privili jv > to huf.

The Kir.g i!(t!arnl, he wa. f.i'iificil iluf fhi< «!i.l not
plot ml at all Iroin |)itailv.uu.>u;« in tlif N-itiirf ot th.it
(.ominrnc, but Iroin llir MiUakrs anil I'l ConJiiA ol
fiich It hail Ivni crMriilV.I with the Manip-tiinit «>» the
CompanyN Affair*, who, in ihc lull VWe. Iu>l mad; thnr
IfciitniT* too nairow, anil hail iimlcrtakrn thr Irarfiik t>l"
tlu 'itMf) m^m much too Iniall a Capital Ihat, in the
fioml I'iaii, Id ktcpiip theCrfiiit ot ihnr own Ailmit i-
ftraiion, anJ to ti'iintcnancr ihrir taking liiih lonfulcraMp
Salarifi to thimlfivn, ilu-y hail m.>i!c lar^;c Divn'mili,
where ihrre wx« no l'io»i|» . ami having, ly lhi< Means,
cxliai)ri(vl ihr t'niiipai'.y's Sti-<k, ilvy lairml iir» their
■| ratlc hy lHiriov»in^ as mu li Minify as tlif y roulvl at vrry
hii'i iiu r>ll. Iliat hi wi vrr, tlif King Ins (inutpranil-
futhcr, liavmg al*ayi pri)tr,ilfvl ami f m miragnl this Com-
pany, ami cvfn graitnl thrm a nfw I rrm towani* thr
F.nii of hi» Lilf, thfv niiRlit have cnjoyfd it, or, at Ifill
havf ilravsn ail the riofiu liom it iliry couK!, if tluir
ConiiiiJ lukl not tvioir.i: I'o Ibgranlly tuil. ilui nnth'r
III; GLry of tl.- Kir;:, nor the Intfrrtl ot his People,
wi^iiKl permit him ton", rrlook it ai y longer. On the
on; Hau', ihrrr wen- coi tmual Cumplaints (rum the /»•
liffS, that t'-e C"i:;pany h.ul boriowril Vi\\ Sums of the
(itntilct wii!iout paying ihfin fither Capital or InierfO,
hiVini; in the Space if Cixtecn Year, not lent lii rr.uch
ji one lirgle Slnp to Sur.tt On the other, tlie private
McrcJ'.ants carryirg on ths i •nmercc in the N.ime, anil
under the .\utliority of thi i.jjt-lajia Conijuny, were lo
namjK'il anvl opprelTcil by the Duty of Ten f^rr Cfir. ami
ciihcr (jratuities to the Company, that they are uiul'lc to
piirfiie tluir I'railc vsiih the fame Spirit ami Ailvant.igrs
s»;ii(.l> are mioynl by the Subjects of other Nations ; and,
hrfidcf, Ixing afraid lo go U) Sunt,', on account cif the
I larger t!iry were in of tuivm;: ihfir Shi] s Id/.fd tor ifie
Conijuny'* IVbf, they found ihrmf'ilvcs isbliged to pur
chafe moll of the /•j.j* Commi^'itir* and NlanutactiirM
whKh they bioughi into hurof^f from F(>r:ipnrrs, at a
very higii I'r.ce, and th;4 cijiuliy to tlinr own and the
Nation's Difadvantagr.

l"or thtle Riafons, ami othrrt of the like Nature a!
Icdgfd Jgainll the Ciina .rul 'fman Comjunie^, his Ma-
jelly dfilarts, ilut ihc l'rivilcdj;i-% of all ihife lompanies
are, by thiv Y\\\i\ cf lis, dated in the Month ot May
i-i',, revoked, exlinguitVird, m \\ fupjMeired. He grant-
ed at tlie fame I im^, lo the m w Comp.iny of the ln.iin,
an cxclufivt I'rivijeilgr of trading trum the Capt ef Hoed
hcpe, to the utmoll I'jttcnt of the /-.ajl Indif, as alio to
the IP.andi ol Ma J Jg/i ft ar, vi I'ourlon, ar.il o( l-ran(f, the
Coall of 5:ff.!.'a in Jfrna, the Redfca, Pcrfia^ the l>j-
m.nion^ of the Mcj^ul, of the King of ."•/.»«•, and «if the
l-.iiijrror' lit Ccin.t aiul y.'r:«, as all'i ot the Siufh/tji,
l.u:n the Sirnghrs ol Mi^^ti.in, or ia Miiiri-, t<i the A<i//-
JnJui tiiat Waydori.'.ldi: g all the rcfl ot hisSubjerts ihefc
( vcral 'I'radi-s, iir.dcr Pain i.l the Contilcation of ihcir
\ illcls ami KlfiCls.

lie lik'-wile gtvfi a. id grants to this Compny, the
PolP-IT.' ns and l-.tlciis of t!ic other Com; anics ai the
Unv- '1 ime chargini; them, however, with all the mil
iXbti whkh iholc Com|aii!rs ha I contracted, and were
liabUr to. The better to enaljlc them to ililtharge thole
UcUs, and to carry on the vaft Trade gmntcd them by
tlii^ luiiCf, he cicalcs in llieir favour, tweli!y-fivt Milli-
ons of new Ai'lion>, to be pi.TLhalVd only ti r ready Mo-
r.ry, on tlie lame Terms that the U^ift- India Company
polTiir-d on- tu;ndr'd Millions of .Ai'tion*, and with tin-
like Pfisileiljjes and Ai'.var,tagc> in every RefjxiJl. I Ir
nkcwife granted full Licence am! Authority to imjwrt all

Sorti nf MamifiifVurrt of Silk, Silk on 1 'wOlton, ['tjM mA
filver Stuffi, died CVftons ii« alio jamted ant itnrnl
«>n (.omIiiK.n, however, that r. nf ol ihrK- flijH |„. y5.„j'
ed in h.y Dominions, hut he mtitety fold and «til|H)ia| M
to h.reignetsi lor which Rraloi i|uy were to !«• dtiwlifal
in Mi^aiines under double I ^v l,s,tJif kc ys clour ti be kri f
by the Karmrrvprnrral, and tlie other by the Dirritors Lt
the Ci)m|>4nv, lor the ktier pKVeniiiig Iraiids and (ollu.
fiiinv Me hkfwile p.ranu ih<m l^eavr lo import all lun,
of white Coftons, Raw filks, (.oirrr, Drtigs, Simrs, Me-
la's, and wh.itrvcr file the /■'// W/.i Company nuglu
have iffijvirtrd iiniler their Pnvitedgri.

■[ his Kli<t had all the !• fleets, and even more than wu
fXjirvtftl from it, ami luih an lagrrncls ihrre apMarrd
ol fuHi ribing to thi^ Company, that inlbad of twenty-
five, the Sublcripiions aTno\inted to fitry Millions, which
fM'ouragfd \\\ctrtii(h Minillry to venture u|ion lomencw
Rrgulations, whu h were made publick by an I diCk of the
M< nth of June, in the lame Year. The Prim nul ol
whii h was, tliat they fhi'uUI take oil lour I uni s ihe Num.
bfr id old Actiof'iS, in or«!er to W entitled to the new i lo
that in order lo pirchaff five thoulaml l.ivres ol thr new
Actions, the Subllribrrj were obliged to take twenty thou
land 1 ivrrs ot the oM onfs,

The great Pnd the (iovernmrnt proix.frd by all tVi,
wai, as W( have hinird Ix-fore, lo lind llif M<aiis ot call-
ing in and fiipprellmg that imiiifnli: Qiuntity of Paper-
money which w.is Iin liahravy Burden on the State i and lo
this l-nd Amuiiirs to the Value ot twenty-iive Milnrw
.nrecrrated, which not antwcring thai Intention, the new
Company ol the hMei ofTnetl their Adiltance, and un-
dertook to diliharge tlieii> at the Rate ot litty Miiliot\', in
one Month ; lo thai the whole la)adol thi« I'ai e r-ereilit,
amounting in t!ip wlio!. to nrar llxty Millions ol our Mo-
nry, was to be takrn away and exiinguifhed, by the Mnd
of Jm'.i 171 1. In Conlideration of the Zeal and pulilirk
Spirit manitclled by the Company in this PfuiViUJ, the
King was pl-aled, by his Arret liatrd in the Nlonth of
July I -JO, 10 change the Terms on svhu h tlie Company
held their Pnvilrdge*, and to declare them p'.rjKtual, rt-
flraining hinilrll and hi5 SiKcelVor', Irom ever treating
them as oiKrr Companies h.id l^cen treated, m order to
their !• llal'lillimf nt •, and thus this Company aci]nircd that
'I'ltle by which they are now ki own in tramt, 'Ike prrpf-
lutil Company cf ite India, with all the Priv.ledg.i ot
the other tour Companiei contirmeil to tirm tor ever. In
two Years Time it was tettlrd and declared, that in Ccri-
ffqtunce ol the Annuities granted and alHgned to the
Company from the Crown, they Ihoiild Ixr able to divide
anr.iially tlie Sum of Ten per Cent, which fhould Ivr paid
duly and exa^ly for ever i in Conlequencc ot whicii, tlv
l>irc*tor^ were to be at full lj!)erty tufxjoit and import
what they thought j'roper, without bci.ng anountablc an
ntially to their Conlliiuenis, Ixcaule the Dividend was to
Ik regular and certain, and they Wi rr to manatee 'Things
fo, as that the l)crKicr(ies ot 01. c ^'r.ir mn;ht be tnade
up I7 the Profits ot another.

'This Cuuile of Manjgeminr, ihou<»h if had crnair.ly
one great Convent me in tixmg and aleertaining the In
tfrell as the Proprietors were 10 tfctive it, yet thrCir-
fumllance ot not atcountirn; lor flie Profit*, has proveil ot
fu<li ill t onl'-qiumr, thai noiisithd.uiding ihilcDivuiends
have Ik en all alimg Vny duly and regularly paid nil lately,
yet the Ptopnetois muld never be cured of a Sulpicion
they cntrrtainn!, that (he ha!i-lndi» Commerce has not
Ivrii carried for thrir Prolit, but in their Name, lor the
King's, and this has contributed to keep their .Actions
low, though they had (uch extraordinary Intcrcll paid
them, ssitii liiili Rfgu'arity. '1 he liiouii.'' ot this Sut-
pinon lying m the /\nmiiiie» p.iid by the Crwwn to the
Compaiy, which are tullicifi t lor lecuriti^ liiiti a Uivi-
drnd, without the I'all .Mlillance from tlic Protiis i.t
their 'Trade, maite tlu: 'I iiii.g rot altogetiicr iiicrcdiblf,
elj)ecially when il was |>erccived, that for twenty Yrars
together, the Dividct.i!s remained fixed ami I. iikd, tluHi^h
the Trade ol the Company hai for that 1 iiisc been appa-
rently < ncreulii'g.

Hut to undriltjnd tins Point iXTfcrtly,as well ai the true

State of thr Coiiipaiiy's Atlairs and fiow they came t"

i hjv-

rinp II. Tht' }lifloiy (if the ItcikIj I'.alk-India Lummoce^ ^S-c. c^^y

ill

h«vr % Fiml M|uliV of ilililurpinq n-piiUiIy la hi^li uf»
Inicrill tr luch .» NiiihIkt ii! V<mi\ .1. will .11 i.olijr
liu Ibmr I'hiiiR^ tliJi may (icm oliUurc in ihis I lillury of
rhr I'.llilililinicnt of tlir fiunjuny ik)w liihlilhii;;, ic will
()«• nfinifitr to pivc .isiloar ami com tie j Ki lation a» it
poffiotr, i)t iIk Kiic an I I'rogrrU of the oitirr L"«>iii|u-
piis rhit have Itrm iinitcl lo tlii» by jlic IvlKk beforf-
mentumftl, an 1 ol iW' ll'rjl lnJia L't)ni|uriy 111 parfuiilar,
in wliiili a''tmilar,rc «>( t^lruil;^ and inl>riictivc I'lirap,**"*
will ixtur that never liitlnrto havi- ,ip|H'arai in the kn-
fill ft} 1 an Kill I','" •

1:. 'I'lif (Ibina Conij'iny in Ir.in.^viM «)rip,iiully Itt
on Foot in the Yr«r lOOo, but was very l«)Oii afur al>-
torhiil by that ot tlip haft I mint C'omi>any, wluth, ai wc
have (hiwn, ha<l ihr Sanation ot H)y.il Authority nivcn
it in i(i'i4 i b«it when that (. oinp.iny hrgan tirll to din line
in it^ AlVairj, tholr who hail the Management ot its Con-
cern*, wrre lonirnt, in lome mealurr, to revive this old
Company, by j;ranfing their Licence, whuli was lik'wilc
CJinlirincd by the Crown to otir Mr. 'JoHrdiin, a viiy rirh
Men haiif, who fitted ixit a very lar^?c Ship, calli d .tin-
fl'itr:!,; t r that Voyage, which lailed m Manb i6i)H,
and nturncil lately to Iraiid' on the Ihird ot /luxuft,
i;uo, ve-y richly Ia''in. The Siiccel'i of this Voyaj.'/-
fP' fiiir.ij'cil the Men hint bclorcnicntioned, and thole
^i; > W' rr lonrcriud with hiin, to lit out the lanir Ship
a^^lin, and whuh they aaordin|!,Iy did m the lollowmi^
Spr n(S and the rctiirnen in t!ie Monrli ot SMemln-) ,
I'oi,, with as f^rrat l'rf)|it .is Irmn her lurnur N'oyap'-,
thduf.li Ihc virv narrowly miU'rii iHinc lliipwreikid tall
ini; down th'' Kiverof Clinton at lur Kcturn. The Sui -
eels ot thel'e Voyap.rs, one Would have tliouj'ht, nuj^ht
have ' iKililillvd thi< new Company •, hut the general War
in whuh /•■'•.jrtcr was then tngaiyd apainll moll ot the
IViwrs ot7'.'»ro/ic, reiidere 1 it nnpiaCticabie : And tliiir, the
Company lay doriiiant, thou|',h Hill polUlI'd of its Ki).',hts,
which rxiiiultd to tlic Coalts ot (Uinii, ionittin, Cnbin-
Cl'r:.;, and the Ifles adjacent, till Inch Tiixe a.s, for
Rcalmis of State, it was united lo the ft^f/hrn Com-
pany.

The Company of Senega/, though under another Name,
was one ot the carlicll in I'rancf, being i arrieil on by a
Society ot Merchants at Dypfe, though without the Sane
turn ot any p'.bliik Auihoiity. They tix:il a little Set-
thmcrt in .\n Illand at the Moutli ot the !',reat Rivcr iV/-
jfM, called alliithe River of i'tw^rt/, and lairied onaconli-
dcrable Trade thither. This Commcru- came afterwards
into the Hands of the Meich.ints of Rciieii, who, it the
Montli of Nciemlh-r, 1664, yielded it up to the H'eft-
InJid Company. But when that Company w.rs dilTolv-
«d about ten Years atterwards, the old Company ot Se-
Hfgitl was revived, and three rich Merchants undertook
that Commerce, which they carried on with great I'rolit
to thrmlelve"; till the Year i6s'i, when Mr. Olbert, whole
Character we have already given ((niceivmg this 1 ratfick,
might lie greatly enlarged, prevailed u|«)n thcfe Merchants
to .iccept ot a v.iluable t onlideration for their Privileges,
and to admit of its ['/ling into the Hands ot a larger
Number of I'erfons, with new Privileges which they en
joyed lor many Years. Hut it being difcovcred, that the r-:
cluliv- Rights they had were, by much, too extei "iv ; r
their Capital, it was thouglit, fur the publu k Benet.t, to di-
vide this C onipany , and hi nee arulc' the (/«/«<•(» Company,
to whom the greattll I'art ot their I'r..' leges were allign-
ei.\, and the relf remainid to the old Company of SiUegal,
which Hill continued in a tliriving Condition.

Yet, in Frocel's ot Time, and from a \'ariety of Acci-
dents, it fell our, that the I'ropnetors ot this Company
came to be reduced into I'uch low Cirainillaiuis, that the
Company mult have tailed, it it had not been for the
Wealth and .Spirit of a lingle Merchant, whole Name was
Mr. D' .■{npc:ii;n\\ who, at length, tor the Sum of three
hundrrd thoul.ir I livre'-, boun;ht out his AHbciates, and
in the Year 1(194, by the Conlint ot the Crown, had the
whole ot their f'rivil<".;es conveyed to himl'elt, and he
erected a new Company, which, however, was fo untor-
tunaic, il.at .dtir liiu!.'!;liii!', .1 lur.;.', '1 inie to no I'urpole,
at lalf, yielded up their Privileges tq lome rich Merchants
ot Kcetin, whu carried on thu> 'I'railc with tolerable Sui

rrfi, till ilir Year 171H, wh>n it wa* united, at we have
ken, lo the Company ot the /nt//)'.

As tiif the Company of (Jiiima bctorementioned, it had
trveral Rilis and lalN till the Accrlliun ot I'li/ip W It
the Ciown of HfiiiH, who in the Year 1701, granted
them the Liberty of tranlporting ^'r^^oes to the SpanijB
It eft- Indies, and then it tcRik from thence .the I'ltle of
the .ijjitnio Company, under which it coiifii iied to llou-
rilh, when almoif all til ' Branches ot Irenih Commerce
languifhed and decayed, by rcafon ul the War ', and a*
it was fingular in tins, lo it was nu lels ringular in it<
Coiiilulion t lur it loll all its i'liviledges, anil even its Be-
ing, by the I'rcaty ol Uirtthi, which revived the other
Branches of trench Trailc, but conveyed this to the £«f •
liflt, and gave Rile to our South-Sen Company.

Wc iiiiill now pals to the IVeft Indid, where tiie
Cuurle ot A great Ri\er, Navigable tiom within liven or
eight Leagues of iti Source lor eight hundrcJ Lcat'.ues,
where it talU into the Ciulph of Alejiut, was dilcuver'd
by Kei/erl Cnilier de la Hnltt, a Native of Rouen, who
brought the News ot it into iranci, in 1680. Ibis Ri-
ver, called by tie Natives of the Countiy Mrjiha/ippi^
an I by the hrencb, Mijfi/ippi, and the Country aUjut it
beinp, hckl ol inlinitc Conlcquence, as atfotding the great-
cll Conveniencies for ellablitliing a Settlement in one of
the liiK-ll Climates, and moll Iruittul Cuuntiics in /Imc-
rial, the Motion fur attempting luih a Lolony was rea-
dily embraced III Iranci, and >l imaginable b iicour.ige-
ment givi'i to Mr. dt Ai .<',;//«•, v ,io umlertook the I'crlor-
mame. ' .'e, by ixtt.rs I'atenr lated in 16S4, ellablilli'd
a Compan; lur tl "t I'urp I., .ind embark, d on board 3
Squadron of tour Ships, tilled with People, and with
every thin,", neu'i-.i/ tot iiis Ddign i but was li) un-
lucky as to '-lils by .Sea 'he Mouth tit that '<■ vvx winch he
hill diliovi nd by lailii g d.own it, . , lixed i.,)on another,
where his Colony began to dccliii luch a manner, that
he had not above one hundri>' 't Mons litt i yet in the
midll of thele Misfortunes he i.ept up his ' 'nirage, and
endeavoured to repa ■ ; ull Millake, by i jj all polTi-
blc Means to difcosertlie Place he fou;!;hl, !viiKhir. is ve-
ry probable he won 1 hav. done it his Company had ;ot
mutinied i in which unluiky Accident one ot the \'ill.. ■;
Ihot him with a Mulket Ball, on the :oth of Meiril\
16S7,

Seven or eight Years .»ftcr his Death, one Mr. Iliber-
viHe, a (ientleman of Canadi\ dillovered the Mouth of
this famous River, ' 'ted a Fort, an.l Ixgan to cllablilh
a Colony there, but ilied before it wa.s thoroughly lettlcd,
and lb the Delign milcarricd a kcond time, and the Af-
fair flept till the Year 1712, wlicn Mr. .Intbcny Crozat, \
Gentleman of large I ortune, uiulertook the fixing a Fniub
Colony on the Rivcr Mij/ijippi,'ji third tinu. He ob-
tained the King's letters I'atent, dated 14. Scptmiber,
in 'he fame Ycai, .uul fucceeded to tar as to dilcover the
Ri*.' ..'d Country ctledually, and to raile a b'ort and
foi,.u jctlements there. This Cjentleman, according to
the Cullom of the /'r.m/', changed the Names of all the
Places lij virited,or, to I'peak with greater propriety, \v..rc
vilited by rhote he lent thither. Ihc great River w.is nti
longer to be calk d MiJJifippi, but the River of ,"'/. Lcivis^
and the Country nund about it w.is Loui.J/i.mii, and an
Ifland at the Mouth of it, which till then had Lwcn Hiled
the Illand of M i/ti, re, was thencetorwaid to be known
by the Title of the Daupbm's Illand.

The Conlequcnces of thel'e Uilcoverics were great in
thcmfclves, and the I''.xp(rtaiioiis railc'd from them much
greater, of which Mr. Crozjt made a very wile Life, by
taking this Opportunity to llii render his Parent, wliicti he.
did in 1717, that the Publick might have t.ie Benefit of
thel'e impmtant Settlements. 'l"he Regent was confider-
ing at that Time of the Proj'cl oH'ercd him liy the f.i-
moiis Mr. Iuik', a S<otcb Cjtntlcmaii, whole Name is
well known to the prd'cnt funcration, ami is nut like to
l)c forgot by Pollerity. The I'.iid aimed at liy his I'lo-
iert, was to reduce all the pu'olick Debts in 1 ranee into
lomc Form .and tor this Purpoii.- it was neccHary to erect,
under plaulibic Appearances, a new Company in the like
manner, that by the Advice ot Sir John Blcun!, the Lord
Trcafurer Oxford h.id done the fame 'I'jiii'fj in l.n^land

960 7hf Hijhry of the French Eaft- India Comment^ <SlC. Book I.

> ^

*«

it ) ;

i' i''

V ,

^ '*

■t

?l.

by rihhlilhing the Soutl'-Sfa Comp.iny. But wherrjsthat
NoWniuii haJ very wilHy ami homHly rqietcil the rc-
ni.iiiiiri; I'art of the I'rojed, which was cheating ircdu-
1 >us IVupli- of their Money, by ruiiinnn the Adionn or
St(X-k ot the new Co,.»j>:iny to an txnHivc Kate. Ihis
was ail ijtrii bv the Remnt, ami nude that I'att o( the
Di fijin, whu-h IS llilai in fr.M.Y the Syftein, and whiih
wavat oniT the moll umjuitoiis, and the moll intamous
C"o-itnva:Hr thativrr cntcrnl ini > the I liatt ot Man.

Bi;t as It w.is ncceliary, 11 orJir to larry thi*. Siiume
int>) I- xeiiiiion, that a new C"omj\iny fti<uM Ix- let up
with lilt h I'livilri'gcs as mij-iit itcatc proKiliie Hopes ot
vall(i.iin to the Vi<>prnton, this new .Settlement was
IhoUi^ht oi for t!ut I'urjvilf, troin whcnie the \'rv\vii it-
klt IS f;rnira!'y lalled the M:J}i/ij>pt Svluine, tho' that was
not the Title ol the Compatiy. It cannot Ik- exiK^cil,
that we flvMjli' tntrr h-rr into a long D.taii ot the Con-
c'lK't t)f tiie U-.,';ent*'. Scheme, Nca'.!|.- ir is not the projKT
Rijfinels of this Si it ion-, all that is ainuti at herein, is
to lluw the iVvral Stips bv which a'.noll all the foreign
t I'llMU'-rie ot /'• If." was II rown inti> thr I laiuls ot tlu'
liniAlc Cotr; .if.) 1 » the 'nJus, which Title, as we have
.il:ia !y the* 11, t!ie Conip-my aajiiiicJ hv th.- I'l.ion ot
the ol.l £..y,' .«.l'/. Coojany wiin the /;'"/<"•• Company,
which haJ b'-loie fw. Il< -aciI op li.vii.il otmrs that liave
Win ahraiiv nvrt'or.e }.

I'heK yi! Ba.ik .i"'' was iinit.-d to tin- Compry of
(!.!• /i.i'v.', rthxli wj. til- I-Vi^mc employc.l lor l";ni.;tng
,iN>i;t itiv grr.it I'-uis oi t;ir S'viU-m, whih lifi"i;oncc
f (V«'tnl, the Kigrfvt anil his M .ill fN Ik^jo to n.^n r'\< ir
1 hraighi" or; the M v.ns of iTCoVifipg the Cotnpany trum
(h.it v'l -a.;!!!! Ci'iitiilivm iii'o which it lud txrn thn.wn liv
ind rTjk;;ig ih- Kxrcutio'i of a It-r.^n equally prijiiJaial
to th' «;e lira' Coum'Tir ar..l jTivatc i'ruj'rrty ot the In-
habitants of t'rttnif, whiih hii! vrty jultly ovirturncil
and liellroyril their Ctniit, a-ti [xit it entirely fiUt ot ih ir
Power to c.irty on any I'art ot the Ttaile, to whiih ttiey
hill an rxchilivr Right. It was theretore high tune cer-
tainly, tor the (fovirnment to inierjvjir, an.t enileavour
tori-mciiy tom^- of the many Incotiveniencits lliey hail in-
trvxItKril, fime the Wrilareot tlx- Kingvluin was now Id
dolVly conmcteil with that ot the Comi any ot the InUio,
as th.it It was neither in th'- Power ot tne (iovcrnment to
ii>-gl:-ct ihi oc w:tn iiit n-.gievting the other, or to lepa-
ratr,a» prr!i.»ps they wi.nil.! have done thi.le Interrlh, whah
I V tmif own M.iM,i';' !vm were to clolrly u ilcd.

1 1> un lirllanii I'.is Matfr cleatiy, wt mull confider the
t>"orrp4".y ot the l'.ltf< in two very dilierri.t i ights ; that
i» folav, as a tia.'.ing C'omj any, and as Creditors ot the
(iivrrnment i neither ot whi. ii i'oints, if we aiivcrt w.hat
It tUilv wiiiien alxiu: them, f c.n to be wc!l untierllixxl
hen. ant i'i'"ti>rr wc fluli tike li>me I'.iins :n reprclcr.t-
i.-ig thr;ti. t>oi;i to the h'if.'ih Kiadci's \'iew. in Terms
tiiat may itmove all tlicl'- .Millakes. In the iirll Place
then, with regard to t'lcir Trade, the Coinpaiiy ot tljc
h.ltfi n I ran<t, is grntrally callri) litre the Irtncb I-mjI-
/iiJ»jCoi:i;uny \ wtiu h Tiilc dixs by no means exjirrts
the Nature and ImjK)itance ot rhrir 'Tiade 1 lime they
have 111 ; only ih" Commerce of the India, but hkewile
that of .!fric» and the Scuih-Sij; under tlieir Direction,
irui th<,u.;h it lyr ttur, that thry are nut a' le at prelrnt
to exert t(iemf-lves in carrying on all thele 'Traiies \ yet it
IS tui Ms tiur, that they ftain the Power ot doing it
wh<ncv:-r tliey an able, and that the /re*./' (iovernment
« II moll certainly pit them ujxjn it as loon aiaiiy tavoura-
ble Opi«>r^unity ottns.

The Intrrerice I make from ttus is, that we ought to
lotXidr' ti»r C'ompai.y of the liii'.Ki, as the Center o?
/tm, /■ C'tmmrtce, and to I.K.k ujion the Kile and Tall ot
the Ai.'tio!i>. o( that C ompany, as a imliti'-al, or it yt.iu
will, a- a C 'jmimrcial iliiuiiutrr which conltar.i'y points
oiit the C'indit;o;i ot the Tf.ii'.e ot hi unit. I liok uj'tjn
this C)itlrrv4tion to t." a .M^ifnot great Conlrqu'TKc to
ift, anil it was for the Sake ot fitting it in atlr»r lagfit
that I liavr taken fo maih Pains to (hew how t'lc l( veral
Braiwnrs ot t'jreign I rallkks came 10 l« thrown into tlic
llam'sot a tingle Company, the chi-t M'.iive to whuh,
was ir'i*oiil>f'dly ttus, that the Cans ot the tiuvernmi tit.
With fcfj^'Ct to i ladv, ii' ght Ik bfoujiht into a narrower

Compals, and contcquf ntly l)c attended to with more cafe
by the MinilUr*.

lor liKh is the Conftitiition of the French Govcrnnieni
that every 'Thing in that Kingilom muft depend upon it •'
and we muft allow, that hxptritnce has fliewn, that fuiuo
of Its Minillers hav • umlrrllooil it ai well, and profecutcd
It better than the alilill Merchants could have done. 1
do not lay this as il what had happened in l-rance oiiaht
to Ixr a Rule to any otlie. Country, bicll witji a Ixtter Con-
llitiition : God torliid it fliould ! Hiu what I lay, u, that
the Kriati m Ixiweiii (he tioverntiient and Commerce of
Irani: t, iKing ngli-ly underllwKl, it will apixar, that the
latter IS cntiiely dependent u|K)ii the former, and nuill ei-
ther piol'iTr or link, as it it I'upporteU by the Crown, and
attended to by the MinilUrs, or as it is iitglcdled by both.
Ilus thews, that a general War, which deniamis ail
the Power, all the Revenues, and all the Attention of
}rjn,f, mull link and ruin its Coitinierce, and that to
huh a IVgree, as cannot hapi^n to any other Country,
the Coiillituiioii ot which is not tlie lame with that of
which we aie I'lH-aking. This I am lenlible h.is Ixcn of.
ten laid, hut I vUi not Know, that it was ever dtnionHruteJ
bit. lie, and I ho|K liy that Time I have fmillud this Sec-
turn, to make tins SuhjiCt lo iKar, and lo iiitelligihic to
evviy hi-^hj}.' Reader, as that he Dull have 1 u lort of
l)i-iil)t as 10 the laiir.ll mm\ Policy ot the l-icnKb (.curt
on this I liavl. Thus iiuiih as to the Company ot the /«■•
dm, wi!;i nlpeit to Its I tadc 1 let us next corlldi r it ai a
inxutyot ilie I reiiiturs t't the /•», xiii (jovcinimiit.

Wi- havi lie.ird, that this C oiiijany has lor m.ii.y Years
divided 1 en /«» Cini. aniuially upon thtir L.ipit.iJ, wliidi
fill the priint War, and iiulnd to the pieki.t Vcar, l,a>
U.n lullly aiul ngulaily paid. But this Intertll, 01 iJ.vi-
iltnd ot i\\\ ptr tfHI. liiVd arolc tiom the Pmlits nu.ic
by tne Conii anv, lor in Trutti any Part ot it, but \sas
paid to the I'ti-i mtuis, a» CteJitois ot the Puliluk, out
ol the liated aiut littlid I uiids alligntd them tor that I'ur-
I>ol(, and then tore we can aitrihutc the lajwiielsot the
Jraiiif Actions in Time ot Peace, to nothing but their
Difhilence ot their own (loveinmeiit.

The R<ali>n why the Minillers of FntHu have ir.adc it
their Choice to continue Things in this .Situation, kcn.s
to have Ix-en this that the ngiilai I'ayments male by this
Company to the Piopiutots, mighf have adot.'.ilc TticCt,
and lullam at onu the i>ublii k Cud.it and that ot the Com-
pany. ) he loimir was iiecctVaiy to prevent thole Coii'u-
lioiis ivcr faiiing out agiia, wlmli hapix-iieil on the Ruin
ot the .^yltem, and whuh lia»l like to liavc Ixvn attcn.itd
with the molt fatal Conl'iiutiices to the Nation, lionj
w hicti nothtiigi oukt have laved them, but the arbitr.iry Power
ol the(iovir;\m! r.t, which forird them toUar their Mi-.toi-
tuncs ml \N ays aul Mians lould U- found to rtluvc thiin.
On the i.iher I lain!, the regular P.iytncn' tiulc Uivi.'.ciu:*
has Ixtn of prodi^'iuus .Srtvue to thi /inpany in their
trading Capacity, in whuh, to lay ihc 1 ruth, they cuuld
not have luljfillecl without them •, l>ecauic il kept the Pro-
p>rictors from either letjuiting, or teieiving any general
Accounts of their Dealings, whuh eiubkd the Ducctors
to do many Things whuh oihuwile they coidd never
have ilofw ; and has, m fjCt, Ixen th< lolf .Supjxjrt ol
their Comnurce Tor, we mull ol)lcrve, that on the
t.iunding ol this new Comp.iny, ihey h.ul Rights and
I'liViligcs givcn them, wittiout either Powers or piiiids
to make L'lc of ihcm I hey !ud the nominal .Advanta-
gis of Icveral tmiipaniis Inllu^rJ ui»»n them, l>ut upon
Condition i!ul Ihcy iijok hkewilf the rial Iaw.1<'I Dol'.»
and Incumbraiict s tor wli'< h thoif Companies It ood en-
gaged. Ihey reiiivid v.»il Sums ot Money ttom thiif
Propiutors, but not for iheir Lie as a Ci>mp.iiiv to tiatie
With, tnit as Ag'-nts fur the (» »vernment, wlmli, verv
ptolably, the tar >;tiatir Part i.t tlieir Ptoi'iiaois did
liot uiidullai'.d V l,ut whiili they might viiy calily
iuvf undctlloo I, It they ii.ul conli.iiird tlie TuiuS out ol
Willi h their Dividiaids Wire paid i lor they ccuM never
loiKcive that Inch a (mvirnmi fit as theirs wuiil I g^ant
them Ui high in Inirrrll tut Mom y, without iiuUi;;g L'le
ol It.

l)n the whole therefoie, this wa> one o( the great S;-
srcts ol the ^f Milt Councils, anJ t.'ic Dclnin ol KUori.g

tie

Chap. II. T'hc Hijlory of tIx'\hxi\d\\L-i\[\-\nfXi,x Commerce, &c. 961

led to With more cafe

lUKt coillilir It ai a

tlif Afiairs of tlic Company, that which, of all ntlicrs,
they have managcil with the j!;rcatt'll Atklrcfs ; tor hy
tliis Means tliey have gained 'I inie, wliich, in ludi Af-
fairs is all Things, and hy att'urding tiie Company fiuJi
Sums of Money as coiiW be fpared •, and at the Seal'ons
they could fpare it, tluy have revived the B'.cft- India
Trade, kept it conllantly and regularly on l-'oot, put all
the Company's Dalits in a Train of Payment, relieved
and replaced all her Factories •, and if this War had not
broke out as it did, would very foon have placed hir, as a
Trading-Company, in as fair antl good a Comlition as,
for many Years, Ihe has Hooil in, confidered in hor other
Capacity as a Cor|)oration of publick Creditors, This
has been generally attributed to thr wife nnd peaceable
Adminirtration ot the late Cardinal I'lury, but w;'. no
otherwife liue to him than as he (ontinued the l.'i.eiimn ui
thel'e Affairs in t!ic 1 lands ot Mr. Orry, v/Ichas iiatl the
entire Managem'ni of th-m for ten Ynr'^ pall-, in which
Time he has done more bcrviccto thi-. Nation, than all the
Statefmcn and (iencrals that have been employed in this
Reign -, and though it h«s i\i fallen out of lace, that his
Method has been interrupted and thrown into Difnrdt r,
yet wc Ihall prelciuly make it appear, fiom tlie f Vn l-ia-
tion of the prelent State of the Comiiany, liiit he has
overcome the greateft DiiFiculties, an.! put herCon'.rns
into fuch aChannel, as mull ftrikc ai! wlui attentively wei^rh
the Particulars, ,whiil) we Ihall impartially relate with
Amazement and Surpriic .

FUit, b<'f,.ic I ijiiit this Part of my Sulijiii, I mull
a^;.iin remiiui my KraJer, that all this Succels has been
owing to the I :rinn( I.-, and .Stcailinefs ut the Admir.illra-
tion, lor lo many Vear>>, llowinp; in lome mealure troin
the King's TemiK'r, in lome mealure from the long laie
K)i th'- late Cardinal, and from a Variety of other Cir-
cumllances, that liemimllrate the coninicnia! Iiuerelf ot
J''r,iiui to Ik- continually liable to Aci iJents, and to be
conkqueiuly always in a prrcariou-. Cunilition. I do not
fay this with any Iiuenti'jn of leiicning our Jealouly of
the I rtnch I'rairick, which I ackr.owledge to bi- extremely
realonahle and well lounded ; but, lor the lake ot i'ruih,
and that I'hint's ni.iy appear to be as thvy really arc, which
1 think the molt likely Way to enable us to judge of what
will l)e nioll lor our Interell and Advantage.

I may hkcwile add, that by proving, as I have done,
that this is truly the Cafe, it will afl'onl great Kncourage-
mcnt both to the (jovernmcnt and I'cople of Great-Hri-
lain, to purlue wiiatever lational Schemes fliall be ollercd
for promoting and exteiulmg uur Commeice, lince our
Situ.itK>nis fucli, that we need only theCoiintenanceof the
i/gillatuie, and the Kepeal, pcrhap', of a very few Laws,
which rellrain aiid cr.uii|) our Trade, to be at^le to under-
take new Blanches ot Commerce, which nnilf necellarily
increale our Seanien, augiiiciit our -Shipping, carry otf
(.ur Manutactures, and by reviving a Spirit oi Indulby,
find I'.mployment tor all our People, which would ellu-
tiially not out l.utiousand leditious Humours, and lintl
lomething ellc tor tht- nuamr Sort of I-olks to do, than
to rail at, or relill the dovernment. But if we ntglicl
the Advantages we have, and the h'rcntb fliould grow
wile erougli to relblve upon keeping uixjii lair 'Trnns
wirh ilmr Ni iidilxHirs tw- my or tlinty Vears, they ni.iy
gi) luar to Ihcw us witliin that Time, that in fpite of .ill
the Dilluuhiis they tlni^gle with, their Com[)aiiy ot tlie
Jiiiiits may lie put iiuo ludi a Condition a^ will (inlije her
Id put 111 lor a lai|V bliare ot that Trai'i., \\hicli liy being
htthrito eiigroliid by us and liy tliciJ«/c/, has obtaineit
ami Iccured the lioiiourable Title ot a Maiiiniu- I'cu'i-r,
v.linh, as It was acijUired by, willceitainiy be loll witli
c.ir '1 lade.

I ;. '1 he C.ipir.i! i.f the picfent Company cf the Indiu,
\^a^ as wc ha\e Uii.re clkned, compoled ot the ori-
(iinal Capit.d <t the 1 1', jh i ii ^utn\nny, and of tvvtiity-
livc Milliuns aihUd thereto, upon tlie Union of the Etijt-
lii.iij Company tlitr.withi Init altir the Ruin of the Sy-
lUin, ulun all 'Tliiiij'i'i till nun Conlulion, it was found
requilit'., in iiidti to ultele llum, that tlie King (houlil
luake .1 Ui Villon ot the Aflioiis rollill'xl l)y the i'lo-
pii. tois ot this Company, in order to ililtinguilh |)e-
iwcin 111, li .1 hi I :ivijii;itil tl'.eir I'ropcity t.iirl' , and by
Nr.M v.. 1 \M.

Purchafe 1 and fuch as had tlirufl: themlilves into the
Company's Books only to ferve their oun Purp(;ks by
llock-jobbing. It was in CoiilLquence of this Kcvilion,
that by an T.dift in the Year 17^^, the King fixed the
Adi<jiis ot this Company to lilty-llx ihouliind, and which
tormed a Capital of One hiindn d and twirlve Millions 1 for
tiieir Dividend upon which, tluy had a yearly Kcveiuie
alligned them ot I'.ight Millions four hundred thouland
L.ivies. By another Arret in 1725, T'ive thoiifand of
th'le AcLions were cancelled and iuirnt \ lb that the Ca-
pital ol the Comp.iny, by this means, was reduced to
Tilty-ou,- thouland Actions, and their Dividends luured
liy the annual Payment ot Kight Millions from the Farm-
ers-general ot the T'arm of Tobacco, the exclulive, per-
petual, and irrevokable Privilegt. of vending which, w, s
granted to the Com|),iny in 172^, and coi;,.i:r,'-d to them
in 1725, together with the Proiits ariling Irom the I'urs
impoitid Irom Canada ; to that the l-'und tor tlie I'ay-
nient of their annual Dividends was as eiH*$hialIy lettled
and lu'ured, as it was pofliblc a Thii.g of that Nutuic
could lie in l'ri>me.

In the mean time the Commerce of the Indies was a(-
figncil to them as a collateral Security not to be touched
tor the prelent, but to be employeil in llrengthening and
enlarging the Func's for relloring and maintaining that
in.poitant'Tiade, dilcharging all the Incumbrances thereon,
and putting it thereby in a Condition to become as cer-
t.iiii and inilubitable a Security for the Payment ot I\ill
higher Interell to the Proprietors than they have hitherto
rtceivei'. ihe Condition of the Company therefore con-
lider-d in this Light, appears to be fuch as ought to la-
tisly all who have- rational and moderate Views tor the
Security and Lncreale of their Fortunes, lince though no
more tiian tifteeii hundred Livres have been paid in upon
each Aclioii ; yet the Proprietors have conltantly and re-
gularly rccdved their Interelt of 'Ten per Cent, which is
more than tiuy could have maele of their Money in any
Part of Eitrof:\ aiui have llill a clear and undoubted Ti-
tle to the pKjtits that have arili.n, or fliail arilc Irom the
Commerce of the Company in tiie htaies.

It is indeed tiue, that, hitherto they have reCMved no-
thing upon iliis 1 h\ui i but to balLir.ce thin, it is to be
conliiiered, tliat, till within t'ltle few Years, tins Trade
has been cairied on in a veiy languid and negliger.t Man-
ner ; that tir.ce it hath been put on a better Foot, they
have been obliged to repair the Lollls lullamed by the
Sliipwrcck of tome ot their largetl Vcliels, to pay olt
abundance of old Debts, to diUh.irge llveral Annuities,
which the Company were oMi!j,eil to pay, and which lave
extinguilhed very llowly, to rel.uilet aiul reilore leveral of
their Factories, whah were in a very bad Condition, to
repiiir many, to buikl tome new, and to equip all the Vef-
lels in the Company's Service, to purchafe new Tloultrs
for the Filablilhment <.A new T.ictories, and to add proper
War''-hou!"es, and Magazines to thele, to lay out upwards
(if F'lfteen Millions tor the lr,ii>iovement and Security of
l.ci.viji.ma, to complete the lunflary NN'oiks at tiie luiblt:
Haven ot Pot i'Oiunt, and. all the lelVcr Creeks, Docb,
and other Places that depeml thereupon, ami to be at
otht r vety coiiliderable Cliar^'cs and Lxpcnces tor lupport-
ing its Ceimmcrce, m.iintain;;'g itsMaiine, hibriiling its
lorcc, and keeping every where in g'^od Order iti>
T'urtilications.

Whenever tluTe gre.it Fxpcrces fiiall have lb far an-
Iwned their Ful as to be no lorger r.ecell'aiy, ami the
Aliaiis of the Company, in Point ot Commerce, are in
lueh a Siiuition as that theie is ro imminent Dang-r to
bi' apprehtiiihd, but, on the ceiiiiaiy, certain annual Pro-
fits loniirg 111, thele will lie iiUlai.tly .tdded to the pieliint
Inconic ot the C'l inpai'.v, who will hkewife enjoy all that
Stock which has lieen railing UuiU 111 Lwi-p: and the /«-
diet for their Beiut'.t. 1 iu nliiig or tailing theritore of
the Company's Action.', c.ur.rt any Way atVeCt its reaj
Security, whuh dcpinds m ihe liil\ I'hice on thole lettic-d
Funds before-iiu I'tioned ; .11. d upon tins 'Trade, wjiich,
betore the pii lent War, was in a V(iy thriving and
nourifliing Condition, The common Notion therefore
wliii li has lb long prevailed m li,inii\ and miglit be ve-
ry ealily imj^oled upon Strangers, i:z. tha; the King has
11 ^i car-

f ' 'j

' ;l

<;62

h' Uijiory oj the iMXikii l\. ill- India C.uu.)KcnL\

liook I.

r.irrir.1 on tl.is Tr.i.If ti>r iii;iny Years .inil atti i payinf; ,i
Part (if tlic I'mlits rul}inii .ill the nil to p.il'. immcili-
.itcly into lii< own ColVtrs, cr into thole ot tlic Pirctiors,
i^ ail aSlurJ ami iiiluuioiis L'aliininy, equally rtpinviant to
Kcalon ami to Fact, as well as uitirly intonlilU'nt with
ihr jxprcK Wonls, aiui liiiiCt Intention ot the eleventh
Article ot the lilid o\ 1725, in wliich, alter lieclariny
ilie Conii'any ot tlic InSiti to Iv a Sotiety tor promotiim
the IraJe of tlve yrcmb Nation, to that Part ot the
WorKl. undir tlie Protection ot the King, ami the Ail-
niinidration of thnr (jwn Directors, his MaieHy proceeils
thus: " Ovir Will ami Plealure is, that it Ihall remain,
•* fonfomiaHc to its Intbtution. a Company purely for
" Cotnmerie, applying iil..lf lolcly to the Support of that
" winch is contiileJ to its Late, anil eniitavourinp by its
" W :l>loni am! l")ccononiy, to (ontrilnite as muih as is [xd-
" I'll !< to the NVellarc of' our SuMeC^s intercHcil therein •,
" To th.it the l-umis of the laul Company of the lndii>,
•• Ihall Ix-, ami remain lor ever employed in the Main-
" t.iiiianie ot the laid Commerce, and to no other I'.nd
" (ir Pi.r|X)rc wliatloevcr.'*

SiKh IS il.i I)eli.ription of the Situation of the /•".»/?■/«-
iiti Coinpary, as laid down to us by one of thr .ihlell Pens
in lriu:.e, who tills us be fiiles, that lx)th the Seiuiity ami
the Iiitercll of Money placed in this Company, arc mocli
better than when employed in the Purchali- of l-ands in
/rjff.v; lor, lays he, with rclpeCt to Security, the I'ur-
chalir of 1 jnil". lias nothing nioie than his own and his
I nwyet'- Kiiowlrdge to mied him in the AlVuiancc of
his 1 itle, »nd he i an very rarely putchall at likh a Price
as tn nuke more than live per Cent, of his Money, alter
which he runs very great Ha/Jrds with reljxCk to bad Te-
nants, Ixring forcevl to lay out largo Sums in Kepatis, b<r-
fidrs riliqumg thr Incltmency ol Scalims, which may put it
oi.r ot t.'ic I'owcr (f his Tenants, how honcif lixrver, to pay
him pui-.c;iully ins Kmt, and to thr lull ; U> that he may ve-
ry often N- at a I.ofs fur a Su'ilillanrp, and not know where
t" Ix^rros*' Money, tho' at the I ime Time a landed Man
of lb much a Year -, whcrea.*, he who lays out his Money
in the Aciioiis of this Company, has liouble their Intrrelf,
{■yul him rci^ularly amI conliantly es'ery Iialf Year, with-
init luvmg any Realon to l\- apprchrnlivc of his Capital,
or ever bcinc in Dangci of sv.uiting Money by an unlucky
'Turn of Alfairs.

NVc may ealily iudgc from this Keprefentation of the
j)Tclcnt Statr ot the Company's Attairs, that thty arr in a
lar licrter Condition, or at leall were lb at the breaking
out of the prefcnt War, than ever, and more likely to
protl'.icc conlidcrable Profu? to the Nation, and to the
Cotniany, than ever. But on the one I land, the natural
Impatxnce of the I-reml; unable to Ixar bring jKJt oil lor
above twenty Years together ssith fair Words and line
Prumifcj i and on the otiicr, their Apprrlunlions th.it ei-
ther the king wotild ntver luHVr them to fii]oy this Coni-
mrfct at all, or clfc would deprive tlurn ol thf- Jund thty
aheady jxjflctTcd, jLm\ leave them to the prrcariou-. Divi
dcnds ariling trotv. Trade, lixs conHantly kejH their Acti-
on<, 1 will not lay Ixriow th'. reil Value, but much l>elow
w'.at they would luvt been erteemed worth in this, or in
any othT tree Ctjuntry, tfjKCially alter temainint; for lo
many Years in Id ifrc; and reg^ilar a Courfc ol Payment.
Bu! tii'ir c >ntinual Ualoufics.is to tlic true Intuition of the
Crown, an ; as to tiie futuic State d their Alfajrs, has
conftantly krpt them in a precarious Situation, in Ipite (it
the wifell .Mral'urrs the I rntd' Minilfcrs were able to take,
the large Sums ptirchalcd by lutiignrr', the irnjucnt T-
dicis in their lavour 1 and whult is Itill more cxiraordi
naty than all t!ir tell, the regular unning and going of
ihcT hffl India licet*, and the vall Sums of .Money
bffjMf'.ht III by th' ir {HjMick Sales,

Yet lo far was tins from (ontributing to make the Peo-
ple eafy, wliolc I ortunes ss<rc engaged in this I'ndertak-
mg, that th'y prttendc.) it adminiltercii lufficicnt Caulc
for all their Appnlirnlions and Complaints. If, laid they,
the C'jmnirrcc ot the hulia Ik- ours, it a!l this Money
that we receive belong to ir, it all the Iniprovrmrnts
that ';.ivr l/fen made for lu many Y'-ars arc legally and in
diljxita! ly our IVojicrty , and il thole who .hr<a and ma-
r^jjc all tiiele arc only Ttullees for us, o' rather our Ser-

vants wliy Humid \vc be kept lu muih in the Hark, why
not I1.1VC It in our Powers to call tlul'e People („ an 'V.
count, or wliy not nceive liom 'Time to Time lome Pa^
of the Profits by way of Addition to the Divulends alre.i-
dy m.ulc us? It \s.is in sain to tdl tiicm that all thefe Pre-
cautions were taken lor their Sake, that the Company
owed its Uelloration to this Method of managing ihcir Af-
fairs, that they hail vilibly overcome by tiiell- Means moll of
thole Dirficulties whicli h.id been found inliiperable by tornicr
Companies, and that this happy Progrtis of their f rade
ought to make them [icrtcClly content with regard to the
M.inncr in which it was earned on, and give them entire
Satislaaion as to the Integrity of luch as directed tliur
AlVairs.

It was in vam, I lay, that thele Arguments were ufrd
or that Scheme ot their CiKunillaiucs w Inch the leader
jull now perutid, lubmittcd to tluir Coiilidcration, the
Proprietors rcir.ainfd firm to th-ir old Opmion, and their
Sul|'i( ions could ntver be got out ot their I le.^d>., till that
very Milchiil fell Ufx>n tluin wliich they had fo long aii-
prelunded, I mean, the .Sulixniion U tli-ir Dividends
» hull, however, produced that geiieul Ai ct unt lor which
th(y had lo long (iamoutrd. Hut kti.re we toinc to
\\<A (I this It will U- reijiiilitc to rdamc the Hilfury
ol the Company's Alfairs in the Indifi, and fi give a
UiciinCl View of the real ImprosTmcnts of tlicir Cotn-
merce, which will l.x>th luppoit what has beci alicij'/
laid, anvi tender the Clolc ol this Sedtion more intelli-
gible.

14. At the Time the Company of the India was form-
ed in Iran,/, their Allairs in that Part of the \V,,ild h,id
taken a very tvid iuin ; for tlie.r lovcrcign Couiu il, wlmh
liad lieen cllablilhed at Surtit, was I'upprcllett, moll ot tluit
Colonies funk to nothing, many of their Tactork? 1,1 the
fame State, and the rdt declining in luch a M.inner, as
that little Ix-ttrr than an entire I".xtinc^ion could U- txpeCt-
cd, and tl-.at too in a very ffiort S; ace of I'lir.e. This
was undoubtedly a very melancholy S.tuation lor the Ser-
vants ol the Comixiny to be in, who, while they medi-
tated nothing more than how to obtain a Pairi;;e 1 Lmc
to Ekroff, an^l an Indcmnitication for I'lc iKbt^ lonii.ict-
ed m the Jndui, at leall with rilpfft to tluniUlvcs
svere I'urpri/xd by the Arrival of three Sliij^s, not only la-
den with tlic richell Mcichandi/.c of Luro/f, l-ut alio with
very large C^antitie^ of Silver, lo that thry were imme-
diately in a Condition to dilcharge a great {'art ol tlirir
Debts which :f it did not rcllorc ir, at leafl revived their
Credit, aiul gave thttn l<'inc Def.ree ol Keputation in the
Indies. It IS requilite, that the Keailer llituld know how
this llrange Alteration hapi>eivd, and the .Secret ih no
more than this. When the Ktgent execuiai he. Scheme,
the Comi>jny of the Indies Ixing the princi;.il M.ichine
made ule of, there conlei;ucntly i.itne mtu the ll.iin!'. of
that Company a ctMiliderabK- I'art ot the Plundrr ol the
l\iblick, which enabled the Directors to lit out tliele three
ShijM in the Manner Klote-mentioned, niit only with the
Ctiiilent, but to the great Satistachon of the (iovrrnment,
inalmuch as it made a Slu w of Trade, and thrrrly kept
i> tiic Spirits ol the People, and gave a Keput.ition to
tlic Company at 1 lomc. Hut fhn, however, did not laft
long, lor Kealons we lliall quuivly Ihew.

Ihis Trealurc wa.>i not employed in Commeric, but in
tlililurging the Detts coiitra^fcd by the old Coirpaiiy at
Sural, at Citmhya, at fifngn!, art! other Places 1 lo that the
Returns made to /■>.;«. ^ weie but very inconlidcr.ible, iii
Pro|H)riion to the Cargo lent out. Hut this was not alU
for, Ixlorc thele Ki turns ariived, the Sylbiii, as it wa»
called, was entirely over-turned , 10 that tak.ngall I hings
together, the Company, in the two luccceding Yean,
17^1 and 172;, were not able ro lend lo muefi .e- a tin-
gle Ship to the Indiei, which ex|)olcjl them to the Con-
tempt and .Scorn ot the trading Nations 'ii hurefe, and
fulMrCted luih as were in their Servit e in the h..'-^'' , t(J
the Intuits ot the t.nglij).' .md Duuh, vslio did nut Uil tu
reprrlcnt them to the InJuinj .is downiijdit Baii.uipts,
without eithiT 1-tleCti, Mom y. Credit, or Kelources. NVe
may thrrefoir truly afiirm, that in the Year :;•';, the Af-
fairs ot this Company were in the lossill and moll de-
plorable Condition.

The

Chap. II. 'The H'lflory of the Ficncli Kuil-Iiklia Commerce^ &.c. 963

The Dirtiftors at Momr, howtvpr, lejuircntcil t'ltir
IVinrcnis to tl>c (iovernmeiU in the Ihoiigcll '['(.Tms
jxjiiilii;', ami at the liimc 'ruTic, llicwcd, how prejudi-
cial it was to the (ilory ot' thf- French Kingiloin, that
'J'hings Ihoulil iTtnain in this Situation, and th:it after the
Government had taken the Conii)any under it^ innncdiate
ProteClion, it Ihouiil be liiiVered to tali at o.n.e into Ruin,
without the lead I''lfort made to fuftain it. One would
have iniai:;in(;d, that the more natural Method would have
been to have had recourfc, in this Situation of Affairs, to
the rroprictors themlelvesi but both the Direftors and the
Minillry were lenfiblc cnouftii, that this would have been
attended with rtill worfe Confequences, fince by laying
open the true State ot their Afl'airs, tliey would inlallibly
have driven their Proprietors to Defpair. In^rad ot ob-
taininf; a Sublcripiion tor puttiiv; their CVrtinier.e on a
better Foot, the i'rcncb Minilhy, fenfible c! ;he Truths
contained in this Reprelentation, relblved to take this Op-
portunity, as they were in full Peace, to try what might
be ilone to retrieve Things in the Itidits, and prevent the
entire Ruin of the Company, which was then jurtly appre-
hended. It was from thele Confuierations, that two Ships
were lent that Year, with an Afl'urancc to fuch as were in
the Company's Service, that they might rely \\\ion an-
nual Supplies from France, ami that therefore they flinuld
order tiicir AlVairs accordingly, and put their Debts into
fuch a Method of Payment, as might dit'chargc them all
by Degrees, and from the Profpect thereof relloic their
Crctlit tor the prefent.

Things went on in this Way for about fourteen Years,
during which lime, fometimes three, fomctimes tour
Ships were i'ent every Year, and thereby the Affairs of
the Company were recovered, and rcllorcd, though but
llowly. They had llill great DilHculties to llruggle with •,
for, in Proj)ortion as their Coninierr c revived, their I'.x-
pcnces were cnlargeil, by their ljein[; obliged to re-ftttic
tlicir old I'aftories, and to eftablifh new ones ; to that in
all this Space of Time, there was very little, if any Pro-
fit accrued from their Trad.^ -, on the contrary, tliey ran
)()me Years into Debt, but not, howevci, without fome
Protpeds of future Advantages. But as the other tr.iding
Nations in the Iiidiej svcre entirely unacquainted wit.'i the
Secrets of the French Commerce, lb judging by Appear-
ances only, they were fully perfuaded, that the Inncb
'IVadc was in a tloiirithing Condition, becaufe they law it
vilibly extended, and the Returns made to Europe, fir
more regul.u, and at the fame Time, much :nore confi-
derable than they had hitherto ever been. Yet notwith-
ttanding all this, if they had gone on in the fame Manner,
it would have been many Years before they had been
brought into Inch Circumllances as to have been able to
liipliort themlelves, and carry on their Trade upon their
own Bottom.

But in the Year 1737, M. Orry de Fulvy, being at the
Head of the I'inaiuis, or Revenues of I'r.ince, which he
h.is managed with moll lurprizing Succi fs, the Company
tell naturally under Ins Care aiul Protection. 1 le taw
plainly, that greater Supplies were iiecelfary to extricate
them troiii the Ditliculties under which they laboureil, and
theretore, having tirtl made a thict luiquiiy into the Situ-
ation of their AtVans, and put them into the bell Order
j)oinble, he ne.\t tuniilhed them with Inch Sums as were
iieceirary for enlarging and augmenting their Commerce ;
to that in the Ihort Space of two Years, he doubled their
Returns, and in three Years more, brougiit tluni to thrice
as mucli as they had formerly been. By his Maiiageiiu nt,
their Sales at Port d< I'Orienl, became regular, and conli-
derable, iiicrealing in fuch a Manner, that the publick
Sale in the Year 174^, produceil twenty-tour Millions of
FrcnA) l.ivres, or alwut one Million of our Money; be-
tides which, they reli rved in their Maga/.incs, Goods, to
the N'alue of four Millions of l.ivres nuire ; and the firll
Ships that arrived in 174"?, brought Home tlill a richer
and more valuable Cargo. Tins liid.ien .md. extraor-
dinary Change in tlie Company's .AHaiis alarmed and
ama/.ed all hurcpe, but mor-- etpeci.dly t!..' Maritime I'ow-
ers, wlio Uw with infinite Concern, a Company that but
a lew Years lytort? was lookeil upon as entirely liink and
dellroyed, now riliii", uWo as high C''e.!it, .is any in Eu-

rope; nnd on the otliT H.ind, this ciieoura^'d the nor-
thern Powers to profecute their Schemes ot lallihg .'.ltd
the Eujl-hidia Trade, with greater Warmth and Dili-
gence.

But what was (W! more extraordinary than all the redj
the War did not feem to affed the Company fo much as
might have been expcdted, for their Dividends were dill
regularly paid, and this kept up their Credit to fuch a
Degree, that fo lately as Chriftmas 1744, their AiSticns
were at two thoufand. But the War with Credit Britain,
encreafing the Expenccs of France on the one Hand, and
lefTening her Income on the other, the Secret at lall came
out, and Mr. Orry was forced to acquaint the Diredors
of the Eajl-India Company, that the King's Affairs were
in fuch a Pofture as would no longer permit him to fup-
ply the Company in the manner he had hitherto done -,
to that now they were to tland upon tluir own Bottom,
and to carry on their Trade for the future, as w II as
they could'. This unexpected Stroke demolithed the whole
I-abrick which had been raifing for fo mr.ny Years, and
reduced the Aiflions of the Company to eight hundred 5
neither has the Eloquence of Mr. de Orry, or the Arts
which the Court has maile ufc of to recover the Proprie-
tors from their Fright, been able to carry their Actions a-
bove one thoufand, or at leaf very little above it ever
fince.

Tlie mai.i Caufc of this was the Propofitions made by
Mr. Orry to their Direiitors, that either the Proprietor?
fhould liiblcribe Inch a Sum ot Money upon tiieir Ae'iior.:,
or (houkl lulfir their Divideiuls to be poilponed tor a
certain Time, or that they fliouki come to tome Agree-
ment amongll themlelves tor compounding thefe two Me-
thods, by advancing tome Part in ready Money, and al-
lowing their Dividends to go in difchargeof the relt. The
Motive that obliged the Minillry to this Difcovery, was
the Necell'ity of having Money to carry on the Eajl- India
Trade, which they knew mult be ruined, even by a tem-
[KiTity Stagnation •, which Money, fince the Crown could
no longer turnilh, it was necetlary that the Proprietors
Ihould. But to this it was anlwered, that hitherto the
Proprietors had been no (iainers by that Trade, had no
general Accounts made up to them of it, nor, according
to the ConfelFion of the Diredtors thcmfelves, were ta
have leceived any fuch Accounts, if this Accident had not
happened ; by which they afferted, that their Properties had
already loll one half of their Value, and miglu very pro-
bably lole a Part of the other half; fo that they were leatl
in a Condition to pay, when this Demand was made,
which would have been fufHciently grie\oiis, even in the*
midll of Peace, and when their Actions v>cre at the
highcll.

To this it was replied, tliat they had no Rcalbn to com-
plain of the King, or of his Minillc.?, who l-.ad h'.therto
iupported this Trade tor their Advantage, without their
contributing to it at all, That if they had received as yet
no Profits from their Trade, it was bccaufc no Piofu' liad
accrued from it ; and this, not tlirougli any ill Manage-
ment in Inch as were intrulled with theii- Concerns or be-
caule this Commerce had not been carried on to gr( .it Ad-
vantage, but by reafbn of that immente Load of Debts
which lay upon them, at their tirit Ellablifhu-R nt, and
which the Profits of the Trade was obliged to pay off,
ami the prodigious Expence the Company liad been ar,
both in Europe and in the Indies, for putting their Com-
merce on a folid. and certain Footing, 'that to put all
Doubts upon this Subjedl entirely out of the Qucllion,
and that they might be latisficd ot the Pruth of thefe Par-
ticulars, a general Account of their Trade lliould now be
laid before them, by which they would, in the tiitl Place,
fee, that, tho' llowly, it had been continually improving,
and that of late Years tfpecially, it had thriven exceed-
ingly.

In the next Place, they might be fatisfied, that even at
prefent, it was It) far from being in a del\)crate Condition,
that notwithtlanding an immivli.ite Sum was neeellarv tor
carryingiton, yet there w.is no naiiger of their being calle'el
upon tor another Supply, fince what was now alked, would
be tutlicient to put the Company into a Condition to m.iin-
lain itlelf without intrenching upon their Dividends, wliieli
3 ihuuld.

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Ihoulil, for the fmurc, Ik as n-iniUily p-uJ, a'; ( va t,i<y
f,,ul Urn in limrs luil. It is tioin t!if^ gcnTil Account,
ih.ii .Stranj^cts, .f.vvt',1 as flu- riofniftors i.t tins Ci.miuiiy,
luvi- uimc to I . ('.il^ir.t a Ki-.(i>vkiigc «.t tluir Aliairs •.
fnuc, havl it r.'it Ix-m tor this iintorcUen »i\d iir.cxiTv'U il
Aaii'tnt, ihcv w-vilil lu-vcr luvc la liie W.il.l int.. tlic
Truth of an AlViur whic'.i thry ha.i ivnccaka witlito
nxKh Cjf<- <>'t luch a NumUr . t Years. \Vc nmII Iv^in
^ith the Accomi! nt the Shipi'inj; cmil.'y<:>'. by th»- Com-
pany in the lituc, whirh will ium<inllratc the I ruth ct
wliat has ahtai'.y Ixm aavanitil ii}v'n tins Suljr>.'., 1-i'tli
t% to tl.c Matter av.il Maiinn d it : Hut then thr Ucai'.rr
is.to tM'crvc, that the lame Ntimbrr ol Slui<s wrrr lint an-
nually from /iVri;^/ as Ir^in ;V«./:JYn;v, and conla^ueinly ,,,,,, , , , .,
«he Sinv.bcr. ot tl.is 1 Ui arc to be iloiiblcd. In the mxt T",':'''?'^";' ,'" "^"j;"". "r f'^V »;,''"7 " -'nguat^'., hut tntinejy
r'.ac' , he IS to take Notxr, that the Sums frt i!own are
th: I'rimc- ot\ ot t!ie (icHnis in /wmV.i. Anil, lallly,
ihaf the Value ot a ^a^...:a is alx^ut nine Ini.i- l.ivrcs
or Itvrn ShiUinfis arui .s.x-jxncc «.f our Momy i liy the

wl ly till' Tixl'its ahrinn from ilieir Trairuk, w!in||
they were now (;ivcn to umierlljiul w.is a !'lim^ not tar
(lit, an 1 oui^ht tlutelon to ronlolc them tor thr Trou-
ble tlicy were juit to by this unloriunatr Aeciiiint.

I lliall not jiieteiut to reaton on ihcfc l'ariirular», or to
|M.int out the Caulis >vhy all fhcfe Aliuiances Imve uivtn
lo little Sati^taition ; It is liiliicicnt tor our l'ur|H)le, that
the ia'l ol th' ir Actions has very fully tlcnionUr,«trd the
Truth of the Fa<5t, that tluy have given no SatisfaAion,
and that the AlVaiis of this Company arc at prclcnt in«
very lamrntablc Coiuiiiion, and are not likely to be in a
Icitcr, at Irall, lo loni^ as the W.u cimtimns. Our Hufi-
rifs is now to conclude the S.i'iion, with a few ul'elul Rc-
inark>, deduced from the |-acts loiu.iined in it, hitl.rrti) un-

17:0,

;ii

■I I

colleChd lumi Memoirs tufmflied to me by fome mtclli-
{;ent and inijuilitive iVifons who thought it would (k ot
jniblick Service, to have the true State aiul t ondition of
this Inncb Ct>nipany ot the Indus exhibited to the \'irw
ot the Enflr/h Keadrr. I'his hkcwite mull k- my Apo-
loj;y tor the Imall Delay wIik h the waiting lor thelc Me-
moiis has JKcalioiud, and which, I ho|-e, will be fully
attoncd t( r by tiicir I'ubhcanon.

I V Alter the Reader has jHtulcd this llillory, he will
not ne(d many Arj'.umtnts tii jierfuadc him, that Iraile,
or, at liall, tlie Commerce ot the Im.Hii, is by no means
ji.itable i^j t!ir Ctinius Piliolitioii, or t onilition ol the
irtnAf Nation, linie lie lees not only liuw olti n Attrmpts
of this Snrt have niiKarrinI, but alio how hardly, anj with
what prod.igious 1 lilliculties they have Iki n ever brought
to Um-ed in any tolerable Degree, not^sithllamiing all the
I'air.s iwA Afl'il^ancc tlic (ioViiimii nt has bellowed upjii
them. In all other C"ountri!s, but partitularly Cirait llri-
tJin a-,d IhlLmd, I'ndettaki.ig, of fhis Sort have been
the Wotk of private M<.» in thr B ginning, and have ne-
ver clumid ttic Aul, or even tlie I'roteiiionof the State,
till thry were < l^une IVgrce ot I'orwardneK, and rlien
only Irom tlic Apprthcnlion ot this Diiricuity, thit the
IVIire ot Ciam might engage l\!ch Numbers ot Adveiuu-
reis in the ir,w: Branch ol Commerce as might [irove pre-
judicial both to t!ie I'ublick and to thcmlclves.

But in irjnce it lias been quite otherwiic •, private Peo-
ple nivcr did any thing till excited and cncouiaged by the
(t')V;'rn;neit, and the 1 were able to do little more than
ruin ilif mlclvts, by uimching out into iMUerpri/.fs lieyoiij
their Abilities. Tii.s rvidentiy deiuoilliatrf, ih.it tom-
merce, ..t leaft extcalive Commerce, is n(;t the natural
(irowth of th',' Climate of I'ntHce ; and therefore, tlmugh
With n.uch Cure am! Cultivation, it may W bruught to
fonv.- D'grer o! I'lrtetimn i yet it can nevitbc naturali-
/c(i, or brotigh: to gr^ w lixintancuully in that Region^
but willte ever drix pmg ji.d pimiig, it the Care need-
fary at the firft KailiLg it, be either through Negligtnce,
or by .Accidtnt withdrawn. It n)ay iiuitcd, Ixr laid, and
the Ka^ts laid down in the torrgciii.g Section," may be
bnnight 10 pr()V( ir, that tome great Miuiiters have ihewn
TaJeMs ciiujI to, il no: cxt'eding thole ol Merchant'-, lor
rxtecvling, nuint.iiMng, and lup|xiitiiig Trade ■, Init tlien
the Trade tliey lupjioit m.dl It tcnip<jrary, a:id can lall
no longer than they have Power, which is io precarious
a Situation, that nu extti;f.vc or a IvantageijO . Trade can
licurdli therein.

But this IS not th( only C'iint.np/r<y nrilli'T, hjr how-
It womIJ be ncedUfs to fitig;ue the Reader wit!) the rtft wrlJ li«vct a Miadbr n. ly Iv liilpjlrd, it will l>c imi)<jlS-
».f t!i 1 Rjoif, ra!a;!a-td oidy to rtr-w tl-.at thv prclrnt blc for him to act but in tavoi.iable Conjui. flutes, that h
Stop ol their Dividends, »!«. a Mcalure abloluf. !y r.ecel" to fay, m a 'I imc ot lull I'cace, when his Mailer's .\lVain
fuy t 'r tlic Company, as well as the State, and alike cal- arc |)ertealy well fettled, as well as hib own Power ; loi,
luljtrii l( r tht S fvue (i( lv)(li ; (ince, on (he oe.e I land, if tlicre 1^ jny thing wanting as t'j either, it is impollii'lc
It would enable hiv Ma-diy to eriiploy, (or thv ptclHrg that ;hc Commeuc undti liis IVotu'iioii (houl! ihnve.
(teafsons of las Cioveinmcnt, ihote Sums whuh oslierwile Wlut we luivr iVtn thereloie in ihu fliort llillurv ot the
tlie C< nn -my irr.dii have r.u<!c uli ot , aiui onthrothrr, Coirjiuiy tt\ ih- Injia, proves no m<ire ih.iii t'lvi oiiie
thou^ii It iM^rhi t-e .1 J relent Incot.vnuriitc to the Pro or twic in tw(j or tliree Centuries, hanithis aCh..infeol
pfiftors to ra-.Ie th s Mi ley lor then own Service, yet 11 fixing fudi an T.llabiifliment, and that is all. Ihrwiiole
would I nf.tciv uk»- away another Iiuonveiiienre to wh:(h Series o! the llillory of that Kn'p 'om hardly turmlhc»
Ih^y htd lot!' bf-n (iib,edt, t'z. tin ir not luv;ni^ a lofli- an Inflate ol Io llraJy an Adii-.milbjtioM as. In'in the

tiiiv: <1 the D.ai.'i of the Duk 1 ! O.- .'.-•<'.■.', m that
«il C.mlinal lUw ,■ , Io that wr niay l(.><>k \\\m,i\ the Con-
frijuciKc ot t;,ii AJminiftutiot. *■. 4 k.nj oi Miracle.

Hilp ol whi h Directioi s tins Table will Ix: found to com-
prehend a lliort llith^ry ol the Pro.-rcfs ot this Com-
pai.v, to the preftnt I ime.

ji StiitMr cf (/:<■ C.mmcrcf cf thf French Ccmptvis
cf lie Indies, /L-'uing tbc Numhrr of Stifs r,--
iurr:iii^ .miimilh /rem I'oiidichcrry, </«./ //'• / >'-
in- (J flvir i\:>70ti.

From 1 :

In
172 7, O.'Ulxr
1718, Jr'nu^ry

S.fumkr
'Ji:nu.:n

S if' If milt

(M;hr

'JanHJry

<u!eitr

17;:, Jar.Ui.'y
SftW hr
I - ,'j, y,iK»<:n

I-J4, y.:nudry

Stpumt ;i
1736, JaHu.irj

J7 i", Janu^'n

January
0:}fb<r
yaxkity
V./cl.r
i^ruJry
OJchcr

1741, y,i»u-i'y
(Vhixr

1-.%}, 'JiiMtJrv

'7JS.

• 7-:n.

1740

I let-.' Tur.d <;f thrir ossn to r.iriy <.ii ihrir '1 railc, wnuli
himlrit,! tlirm In, to irMi.iii;. .'ri.rral Aiuunt-, or kr.ow-
it»g the tr.:t ijiate ol ih ir .'NlVjits, and when tliiy miglii
ixj'.i'. tj navctJ.«f llutr t.tiid 4nitiial Dividcndt avij/tivrm-

All

ir Tralluk, vylml,
^'•i^ a !'liin^ not Ur
th( 111 tor the Trou-
if Aniiitnt.
■U- I'ariifiilar*, or to
lliiranics have yivtn
ir our Hiir|K)le, that
lly tltinondr^trd the
ivcn no Satistaaion,
y ■»<• .It prtlrnt in <
Kit likely to k- in a
iniiiUHV Our Bufi-
"tli a fi-w iil'clulRc-
lai in it, hitlirrto un-
iii[;iiagv, Init tntiirly

nic by loim- intrlli-
I'tiglit It wiHihl be of
ti" ami t onilition of
hiliitt'J to the \'irw
f iiuill k- inv .\\o-
siting loitliilo Mc-

lioj-i-, will k- luliy

iliis llilUiry, In- will
k hini, that Irailc,
iia, is hy no mrani
ir C'oniiition of the
liow olii II Aitrnipts
I'Av liardly,anJ witl,
c Ikiii ever brought
ilrtithll.iniiinj; all tlic
liAs kllowal uixm
irtkularly (iraii iirt-
tins Sort have kcu
inning, aiul have nc-
ittiiionot the Stat?,
rwardiif fs, and then
Diiricuity, that tiie
iinkrs of Adviiuii-
as might jirovc j^ic-
mlclvrs.

irwilc i private Pco-

|d cncouia^cd by the

I'.o little more than

!• llt^•r|)rI/r^ kyond

tliatrs, ih.it Com-

i< iu;t the natural

th<ritoro, tii'ii;^h

inay k- bruught to

iicvi t k natiirali-

illy in that Rtgion»

it the Care ncccl-

r(iU};h Ncplif^tncc,

dtcii, tx- laid, and

g 5>cctiun," may k

'.Itiiiittrs havf ll'.cwii

e ol Merchants, toi

H 1 ratlc i but then

jorary, and laii lall

all is (ij precarious

ii!ay<(.n. 'Irailc laii

y iinilscr, for how
t, It Will k im[)OlR-
(iiijuiiCluKs, that Is
ills Madrr's Aliam
s own I'owtr i liM,
IT, It is iin|)ollii>ic
u 11 ihdul! ihnvf.
|}i'>it i liltury of the
e ihao ili.u ome
vi.'.i- lus a Chance ol
t IS all. I hr whole
ori» luidiy iiirnilhc*
iiioii as, tii'tn the
Of.'.'iini, to tliat
• • 'k iijK.n the Con-
iij ol Mirade.

All

Chap. 11. The Hiftory^ &c. of the Imperial-Company at Oftend. 965

All the good EfFcdi however which it hath proauccd to
thin Conipntiy, are like to vanifh intu Smoke, by Means
of the |Hcfrnt War, which has been equally fai<i! to it at
hoire and 4bruad : For at home it has occafioned that
high Demand for Money, which has brought on the Suf-
uenlion uf their Dividends, and thereby the Kuin of their
Credit i and thr Blow llruck by Commoiiore Barntt in the
Jiidltt, and the Lofs of the Ships taken at Cape- Breton has

while we can, without empovcrifhing ourfelves, grant
timely and fuitable Aflllhnce to our Allies when attacked,
there is no Danger cither of the dillurbingdomeilick Quiet,
or lofing the Ballance of Power. For whatever fpccula-
tive Politicians may pretend, we mull derive our Title
to both from the Superiority of our Fleets, and the
Wealth of our Subject. Arbitrary Governments may at-
tain Strength and Influence from other Maxims, but a

gone lu far towards the Kuin of their Commerce abroad, free People never
that another tkh Stroke will go very near putting an End It is our ptcullar Happincfs, that the Glory of the

10 it : I'or the French, like other People of lively Tcm- Crown, and the Intereft of the People, depend upon the

ucrs, arc cafily dillourngcd i and if once, after all the very fame Thing ; fo that whatever advances one, muft

Care hat been taken of it, their prefent Company of ncccfliuily enlarge the other ; and what diminilhes this

the Iiiditi Ihould fail, they would infallibly dcfpair. This
I'ulHciently (hews the Conlcqucncc of making a proper
Ulc of our N.»val Forte in a War with that Crown ;
fince, if we dcllroy the Commerce of France, we muft
neceiiarily enlarge our own. There is lb mutii the more
Force in ihi^ Argument, bccaulb Trade in that Kingdom
is a new Thing t a Thing, which, .is we have abundantly
Ihewn, they have nurfed with the greateft Care, and yet
have railed with the utmull Difficulty -, fo that if it can
be overthrown, they are fet back for twenty or thirty
Yean at leall, which is a Thing of far more Confequcnce
Co us than all the Cunquclh we can gain upon the Con-
tinent.

To fay the Truth, our Title to Maritime Power is that
which we ought chietly to regard ; and as it is impolliblc
to fuccrcd in all, if we engage in too many Defigns at
unce V foi if we tix our Attention upon this, and pur-
liic It with Vigour, we ihall find that it will have a better
Frteifl, both with Regard to ourfelves and our Allies, than
if we diverted our Views to other Objects, which, at rirft
Sight, may appear of equal Importance. The Truth of
this will lie clearly difceriied, if wc confuler that the en-
rrcafing ol our Naval Power will render us more formida-
blf than any thing clfe, and the recovering and extending
our Trade, prove the furcll Means of bringing in Riches.
The former will render us moll dreadful to our Fnemics,
as the latter will make us mod iileful to our Friends. While
we are able to carry Terror into the moft dirtant Parts of
the World, our Focj can never be out of our Reach -, and

may, fooner or later, deftroy that. In France the Go-
vernment is obliged to take unwearied Pains for the En-
couragement and Protection of Commerce. In Great-
Briiuin, again, this may be entirely fpared ; for, provided
the Government docs not opprcfs Trade, private Men will
carry it on with all the Succefs that can be wiihed for ■,
and the kfs the Fiand of Power meddles therewith, fo
much the better. This flicws, at once, the Difference
bttweeii our Conftitutions, and the Excellence of that un-
der which we live. It is to this Conftitution that we owe,
our Trade being natural to our Ifland. It is to their liv.
ing under a different Conflitution, that the French feel, by
Experience, the Difficulty of carrying on Commerce to
any Advantage. If ever our Trade fails, it muft be owing
to ourfelves i if ever theirs Hourifties, it muft be the Effect of
Accidents, or rather of Miracles. In [Ihort, nothing but
Tyranny, under the Mafk of Corruption, can poffibly hurt
theCommcrceof this Nation i whereas nothing but the wife
and gentle Adminiftration of defpotick Power, can pofli-
bly rail'e the Trade of that. Thefe Reflexions ftiew fuffi-
ciently wliat we have to hope, and they have to fear. They
arife naturally from the Subjedl ■, they are of the greatcll
Confequcnce to my Readers, and if by Dint of thefe Rea-
fons, founded upon Fafts, 1 (hall be able to imprefs them
as ftrongly upon their Minds as they delerve, my End will
be fully anfwered. In the mean time, having executed all
that was propofed in this SiClion, I (hall proceed with as
niuch Brevity as is polTible, to tinilh the tew that remain,
in order to make this Volume compleat.

SECTION XXXVI.

AfuccinSI^ hut compleat Hijiory oftheRifey Progrefsy and Supprejfton of the Imperial
Company of the Indies, efiablijhed at Oftend, by the late Emperor Charles VI.

Collcftcd from private Memoirs, as well as publick Hiftories and Aifls of State.

I. 7/v fhll Greiinds and Beginning of this Trade from the Auftrian-Nctlierlands to the Eaft-Indies, and the
lYilfiiultiiS 'with which it -was attended from its Infancy. 2. The Plan of its firjl Charter, and the Mo-
tive i -which induced the Court of Vienna to confent to its Eftablijhmcnt, fet m a true Light. 2- -^n ^t:-

r, jT.n .nur iuvt '/ttfi* vj *fi.'c ^r/tj^ir »*»» ^^im./ j * w»i./^*»

for //v Ejliihlijhing of the faid Company, with'a concije Account of the Prii'i ledges granted to the Proprie'
tors. 0. The ylpprehcn/icns raifed by this Efiabtifiment, in Great-Britain and Holland, and the Methods
ufed to (rvertion it. 7. The Kings of France and Spain alfo take Umbrage at this Company, and publifh
their lYifapprohation of it to a// Europe. 8. The Emperor and the King of Spain being fuddenty recon-
died, cmtude a Treats- rf Commerce, by ivhich the Ollend Company obtains the Protetlion of both Mo-
narchy y. An cxcethnt' Memorial of the Dutch Eall-India Company, demsnjirating the Incompatibility
efthit InatY cf Commen,- with the Emperor's Title to the Netherlands. 10." The Grounds of the Treaty
vt I l.movcr ccm-rrted for the impeding the Execution, and defeating the Views of that of Vienna. 1 1 . The
Sub/lance of M. Vaiulcr-Mccr'j Memorial to the King of Spain, in Defence of the Rights of the Mari-
time Pmce'n. 12. A fueein& Detail of the remaining Part of this Difpute, and the ConduSl of tlxir
Ilinh-Mii'.htiiH-rtcs J ;. The Letters Patents cf the Oftend Company are fufpended, by which the Com-
merce of the J'',.ill-liulics is fecured to the Maritime Powers.

AS loon ai tlioli- provinces whidi were formerly
llih'd the >sy./i.7/'!' i.uw- Countries, were yielded
to ihe late I'miKror Cb.irUs VI. by the Trea-
ty t>t \\m>' cuiicKidcd 41 Kiijljiit, all the ridj Merchants
Ni'M n. ()b.

in the feveral Cities of FlamUrs .wd Brabant, fet their
1 leads at Work, to find out Ways and Means by which
their Commerce might be txtt nded through the Authority
and Influence of their new Maft.r. 0:ie of the firft

1 1 N Things

!|!

j;66 I'he lHjhr)\^c. of tk i ir. penal- Com pany /;/ (Xlcnd. Book I.

'"tii

ii :.

I' I 4V IJi 0;;

m '

'Ihmy l!wt ctcuiral »■> them, n\.>s tlie opfniii;; .i l'r.«i!r
Jj x\\<: tiijihiitn, lor wliidi tliry tlioii^^ht jlinituiin
tiv. at li4ll, is Will Imuttil, pt cither CrcntHniam
or liitLiiii. I.i i>i«!ci it> make Trial of this, t!iiy
tiril ot all loriiKil a jrivatc I i-mjiany, wiiluuit I'aiciit,
CluitiT, i)r rvrn l.K-ciiif liom the im|Hrul C< uit, wliuh,
notwithilarJinp, was ihounht to have advilitl tiuin to this
MithtKl, aikl liirnininl llicm with I'jIsjxHti. 'Ihry hnit,
howrv.r, but vciv inililiirriit SikccIs at the Bcpnf.iiiR,
onr ot their Ships Ixinp lakrn on the Coart ol w/rMJ,
xiililv l*aen, on the 8th ot Durmvtr, 1718, ly thi-

Thu ArcuifiM hail very jm)haMy lialhetl their Wot^
in the very B(\;tnnink'. if they had not been encouragcil
by . unna, wifli a Fmmile of L.ttters Patent, ami I rave
imniciliatrly given them to take in .Siihlcn|ti"ns. The
Kiijjxror went yit farther, and (lemanJeJ Satislai'tion of
thf SiaKsiifntTdl tor th;<; I.ifult otFcred to a Vdrel pro-
vivleil with his l'af>ix>ft 1 but Ixtore that CompUint was
Will laid before ihem, a trcfti CKcaiion afforded rrwm fo'
another, tlic Duub having Iri/ed a I'ccond Shij', and
Ilu win}; very little Inclination to give Satwtaftion for ei-
ttur. Upon this, the Mcahanii at OUtnd applial for
Comniiirions that in cafe of any farther In!iilf<, they
iniiht, at Icalt, he in a Condition of defendinfj; thein-
l ;v.v I'his being i<K)kcd mxin as a very readniahk Ke-
qiirtf, was readily grantat them, and in Conlet)\irnrp
thrreol, one of their X'ellcl', well armed, took a I^uliv
Sh ;>, and broujiht hir into Oyf^«<y. Th' Suus did not
fad to nuk." Kiud Complaints of this to the Governnr-Cie-
r.eialol the .)';'^r/i:>i 1 ^)W-C(>untrirs wlm aniwrred, t!..;r
tilt M.nlianis (,t (;//c»./ had done no nv.>re than tiny
• ere entitled to do by virtue ol his Innrrial Maje(ly\
tcm'ir.inion, in order to obuin Satistaction for their

This f?avc fo inu. h C reciit to the new Company, that
ir the \'iar \-, io, tiny e(]iiip|^ed five larpe Ships for the
/■»..■;«. and the Year lollcwmg, they fitted out fix mo.'e,
three lor Cbm^, one lor A/c.ii, another Icif Smat^ and the
Coall fif M.i'tiiar, and the (ixth for SmgaL Ihis irri-
utcd the Duuh to lu< h a Decree, that they immediately
lci7id a Veflcl rirhiy laden by the Merchants of Bru^n,
a-d ir.'.eied her CariMi to !« loid, notwithiUnding the
Applications of the Irnirnal Minifleni at the Haf^ue to
J revcT.f It. ThiN Mistoriune was tullowcd by anothtr, an
Enji^'.'jb I'rivatcer taking; very t<x»ii alter on the Coall ol
.^/jiiijfj/i.ir, an 0/^o»./ homeward lx)i.:id Ship, very rit li-
ly laden from the Uditu which fo i dcouragcd the new
Coir.jany, that thty ordered a ikw Ship they were then
titti.'.j; out, to 1)C laid up.

But in the Mont.'.s <.f Msy .uul 'Junt 1722, they rr-
(civcd. two Shi|>» from the iittiie), and in the Month of
Sip: outer, two more, the Cargoes of which being exiofed
to S.ile, went off at fo gCKxl a Rare, that they found
thernlelves not r.nly iiulemniticti for all their l^ofTes, but
likewili. in a C ondition to carry on their Coininercc with
f;rea:ir Spirit and Succcls tiian ever. 1 he only '1 hi' :\
ihcy wanted, wus a legal iJlabliflinient \ lor, tho' the
IiiiiK-nal Couit had for a long Time flattered them with
the Ho|« of Ix tiers Paten;, yrt they had hitherto de-
layed iliem, to avoid a down-nght C^iuirel with the Mati-
tiiJic I'oweri.

J. After the Arrival, huw-vrr, of thefe lafl mentioned
Ship*, the Company havii}^ Money in their Hands, and
very powcrlul Pncnds at the Court of I'lemui, relolv.d to
r.egicCt nuhing that might put their Affairs on the tjcll
l-oui.tlatinn jjolfible, anil With this N'lew, they lent lomc
oi ihrir Directors to Court, very well lurr.ilhcd with In-
ftnjcito;.', :iu alio wit' other Credentials no IcU iicteflary
ut tha', ar.d moll o^. r ( ouris, ^'iz. HilU for tonddera-
ble Sum. (jf Moii'-y. ThJc (icnilcmeii managed their
Affairs uirh fucli Ddipence and I'tudcnce, tlut they ob-
rainrr! a Promn'c of a Clatter as extenfivc as they could
wifii, or any Compae.y i;i huicpt had ever received, the
P.a.'i ol wli:th wa', immcdutcly drawn, and gave them
tr.tire Satolaetioi.

1 hii Cliartrr w.is to have confifted 'jf frveral Artii les,
ini;xjfting hrll, that the Dufitors fiiould ijc fixed to the
Nuni'jcr ot Kiyht, to be cholcn out of the wcalthielt,

mnll reputable, and beft cxivrienred Merchants in the
l.ow-Counrrtrs •, that they lliould be allowed four thoiiland
I'lorins a ^Var Salary •, that none of them Ihould continue
atxivi- (ix Years, or be capable of btmg rc-chofen, till
titcy hail been a full Year out of Office. Secondly, 'I'hat
» jjenrral Court of the IVoptietois fliould be hrld every
Yetr (or the Choice of Diredlors, when the Company
ftiould name twenty-four, out of which Lift the Fmpe-
rtiould choolc liight. Thirdly, That the Court of

ror

I'Kreikirs, the Treafury, and Books of Account belonging
to the Company, nunild remain the llrlf three Years at
jlnixfi-p, and the next three Years cither at Chnt or
RrHgti ; butthat their Sales (liould Ik- conllantlym.idc cither
at Ojlend or Brurn. I-ourthlv, That the Comjwny's Ca-
pital (hould confill of ten Millions of l-'lorins and fliould
\x divided into ten thoufaud Aftions, ot one thoufand
Florins each. 1-ifthly, the Prizes which the VtjTels in the
Service of the Company (hould take in Tunc of War,
were to lielong entirely to the Company, and were to be
fold, and dif|H)led of for their Profit. Sixthly, All the Am-
munition, Provjfions, Artillery, and naval Stores, rcqui-
fite for the lorts and Factories of the Company, were to
\x exeiTit>ted from all kinds of Duties and ImjKiritions in
their PalVage through the Territories, either ot his Impe-
rial Majclty, or of any of the Ixirds, or l.cclffuflical
Communities in the l^x-Ccunirits. Seventhly, I'hat all
the (kxxls tranfjwrtcd on Hoard the Ships ol the Com-
pany, fhould pay for all CuHoms and Duties Inwards and
Dutwards, (our ptr Cntt. ami no more, till the I-jipiia-
tion ol th( Month ot Stftnnbrr 1724, and liom that 1 inic
fi.\/',r Cntt. for ever.

'1 he l'.nii>'ror like wife promifed, in which he alio kept
hi'. Word, to lend a Pcilon veiled with a puMick Clia-
ra<fler to the (»rrat Mc^ul, in order to fettle in Alliance
With him, and to return him Thanks for the rermifl^uu
he had granted the Company, not only to erect a Faitciry,
but alfo i I'ort, to protci't their Commerce in liu Doini
nions. The Ppoljx-rt his Imjxrrial Majcfly had ot enrich-
ing his Subjeifls in the Lew -Count rit s, and augmenting
the Revenues he drew from thence, by fixing lo ixtenfivc
and profiial)le a Commerce there, engaged him to allure
the Agents of that Company of (\ill greater Favours. He
even intimated, that he would remit all Cutloms and Du-
ties for three whole Years, and wculJ likesvile make the
Proprietors a Prefent of three hundred thoufand Fiurins
in ready Money, to indemnify them from any Ixillcs they
might fulUin on the firll Lilablilhnient ol their Coni-
mertr.

When all this good News came at once into the .lujlri-
an Netherlands, it railed (uth a Spirit, not only among
the Merchants, Bankers, and other Pcrfons concerned in
'IVaile, and in Money •, but alfo among the Nobility and
Gentry who had Fortunes and tftatcs in this Part of the
World; that they (hewed an eager Inclination to exert
themlelves to the utmol^ in the Sup(xjrt ot the new Com-
pany, ot the Succefs of which, there teemed to be now
no longer any Doubt. It may not be ainils, however, to
obliTVc, that It was not the Inhabitants only of thric Pro
vinces, and other Sulijeet>, of his Imjxrial Maiclly, that
encouraged this Undertaking, but Strangers alio, parti-
cularly the Englijh, Frtmb and Dutib, who were ciuelly
concerned in the Slii|>pin^, and in the Mar.agcnient ol
the Company's Aff'air>, notwithtland.nj; that they very
well knew, they could iw Vi r prol|)er, but at the l:lxpence
of their native Countries, and ot the Flbblillinients foi-
the lair.e Commerce loiij' a(',o created in them, and w!iii.lv
hitherto had Ixen tarried i;u with lo grcar Pioiit and Kc-
putatiijii,

j. We need not wonder, therefore, that the ercdin^
this new Conijany at Ojtcn.i, lliould otralion, as it dw'.,
luch Noife and ()|H)ofitii>ii throughout all hunff, lo ^
to render the Siibject of this fieCtion as remarkable a PatL
of the general Hilli-ry ol this Age, as any that lii^u'i a
Place therein ; Imt it mud, however, fcem a littl ■ lUan^i;
at lirfl Sight, that the wainiell Fiiends, and moll faithlul
.Miles ol his Im])erial Majelty, (hould Ih' the mull vio-
I'lit in this (JpiHjIition. One would have imagined, that
the F.m[)rror liad the farric Right in his Dominions, that
other i'rintes and States have in theirs i and liiat how con-
i 'raij

ikI. Book I.

c(l McrclMnM in thr
allowed tour thoul'and

them Ihoutd contlml^

Ixmg rc-chofcn, till
'.cc. Secondly, That
fljould be hfld tvcry

when the Company
A\k\\ Lift the Fmpe-
, That liir Court oi
of Account belonging
ic firlV three Years at
rs cither at dhnl or
conllantly made either
.U the ConijMny's Ca-
)f l-'lorins »nd fliouU
ons, ot »)nc thoufand
hieh the VefTeli, in the
jke in Time of War,
lany, and were to be

Sixthly, All the Am-
i naval Stores, rrqui-
he Comuany, were to
icj and imjx)f;tions in
s, cither ot his Inipc-
ords, or l'.ccle(iallieal
Seventhly, That all
\c Shifu ol the Coni-
id Duties Inwards and
norc, till the I'Apira-
, and Irom that Time

in which he alfo kept
with a pulilick Clu-
• to fettle an Alliante
ks for the I'ermifTion
nly to erect a Factory,
mmcrec in hii Domi-
^ajclly had ot enrith-
n«, and augmenting
by fixing lb extenfivc
engaged hmi to allure
greater Favours. He
all Cuftonib and Uu-
JJ likewifc make the
irrd thoufand Florins
from any IxjIIIs they
niciu ol their Com-

oncc into the j'lujlri-

rit, not only among

I'crfons concerned in

ong the Nobility and

:s in this I'art of the

Inclination to exert

Kjrt of the new Com-

rr fccmed to be now

ainils, however, to

nts only of thele I'ro-

nixrrial Majclly, that

Strangers alio, parti-

(b, who were chielly

the Management ol

,■■.;', that they very

i.ut at the Fxpcnce

F.lbblill'.nKnts for

in them, and whiJi

grcar I'ltiilt and Kc-

e, that the creeling
otfalion, as it da!,
)ut all Eunpf, lo •«
as remaikaMc a Vrx
as any that tiiuN a
frein a httl- Hran^i:
.is, and moll laithtul
1 W the moll vio-
have imagined, that
his Duininioiis, that
and tiut how ton-
traij

lit

tvaiy Pifver tlir ereeling liich a Company in thi" /»;' imn
Irifi, might be to the Intercfts of other Nations (onicrn
eil in' the fame Trailc, they could, liowever, have no jull
Claim to demand, or expedl, that his Imperial Majrlly
ftiould forc;;o fucli apparent Advantages tor their Sakn,
or, in plain'^Terms, hinder his own vSubjeds from heconi
ing rich, that theirs might remain fo. Yet tliis was, in
plain Words, the Ca(e, and the Mariticnc Powers tlecliirnl,
in cxprefs Terms, that they txpcdcd his Imperial Mil-
jcfty Ihould do tifiK, and that he was bound by Treaties
to comply with their Demands.

The States-Central, who tliought themfelves molV iig-
grieved, were both the carl icft and the louileft in ihcirCoiii
plaints i and as it is impoffible to give the A'«f ///A Rcadri
a fuller, or clearer Account of thc(irounds »\\»\ whiih
they were founded, than by laying before him the Mc-
morial prcfented by M. Bruyninx, Envoy from the Slala
GcHerJ to the Court of yUnna, which contaiiw llir .Suli
ftancc of all that was alledged againft the Kmperor's Kight
of ertablidiing fuch a Company, wc have, with this View,
made as fhort and fuccinel an Extraft of that verw long
Memorial, as is confilVcnt with the Defign ot prelcrving
its Scnle and Spirit.

\\v nnilt at the fame Time obferve, that tho' the Stalfs-
Genem! tncmfelves were very ready aii.i willing to take
this Step, which they very well kn -w was .»li|()luttly netcl
fai7 lor iVtunr.;; the Commerce el" their SubjeiJUj yet
they were not a little quickncd therein by the Application
of their own l:.<Jl-lnJia Coivipany, who, as they telt ilu'
Daivernioll, bore ic with ih Icall I'atlence, and their-
fore^preiled this Application might be mailc in Timr,
before the Lctrcrs I'atcit for this Company were actually
granted, or while they might he revokeil, wiih a U Iter
Grace, Isccaufe of thtir tnrninj; lei'-, to the Dil'advaniage
of the Subfcril>crs to the Company's Capital, belore ilieir
Miwey was actually oaid, or veiled in Merthandi/i'. Ac
toriiingly, on the fifteenth of March 17J15, M, llniymtix,
by Order troni the States-General, artually prctinied tu
the Minifters of his Imperial Majelly his lamoiis Memo-
rial, wliich was to the Purpofc following, viz.

»' Their MighMightinelTe?, who have the \ lonoiir to live
" in gc>od Correfjjondenccand Amity with his Imperial Ma-
" ielty, havingnothing more atHeart than theContiiuiaiuc
" of tne fame good Correfpondence and Amity which has ,it
" all Times fubfifted between his Imperial Majctly and
•' this State, and between the Subjefts of both I'arts, i an
«• not behold, without extream Grief, that the Inhalii-
" unts of the Aujlrian Netherlands, Subjecb, of his Im-
" perial Majefty, arc undertaking Matters no Ways con-
•' fiilent with the good Corref{X)ndencc and fincerc Ami-
»' ty ; but arc cxtrcamly prejudicial to the State, and con-
•' trary to this Treaties concluded between his lm|Mrial
•' Majelly and their High-Mightinefles. Then High-
•» Mightineflcs have the more Reatbn highly to comiilaiii
•' in this Matter, Ixcaiiti: the Inllanccs that have Wen
•» made, awl from Time to Time reiterated on their I'art,
" to obtain pro}>er Kedrefs, have not only been fniitlrls,
•' but his Imperial Majclly's faid Subjefts in the Ai(/lri(iH
•' Netherland.s extend even liaily their F'ntcrpri;,ci, in
" which they fecm encouraged and conlirmeil, by tlicir
«« obuining of his Catholick and Imperial Majctlies, 11.
" their High Mightineflcs have lx:en informed, a Licence
•» to fall from the .luftrian Nctlicrlands to the liajllndio,
•« particularly from Oftend.

♦' Their I ligh-MigluinefTes forcfeeing the unavoiilablp
•' I'rgubles that mull atteml this Atlau, if his C'alholuk
♦' and Imperial Majefty Ihonld, contrary to all I xpcifhl-
•» tion and Equity, permit his Subjedls ol the .iujinait
•' Netherlands to proceed in their \ Jndertaluiigs, with ic-
" lpc(it to Navigation and 'I'rade to the Kajl- liijies, mn-
" trary to the Tenor and L'tter of Trearies ; and it C)j>.
•' polition thould Ixr made to their lIigh-MightineHes, lii
" cafe they attempt to make I Me of their Uight t)btuiiuil
•' by Treaties. But their High-Mightineflis Uiiig de
" firous of nothing nn'te than to prevent fuih kind tit
" Troubles, could not in the prefmt Juncture avoiil
" making luih Heprefentatioiis to his Imperial Mitjelly,
*' that by the 1 1 e.ity concluded in id-fS, at MiiHjIa, \k-
'• twccn his Ma'iilly the King ui Sj'ain thei. leigniiii',, and

" hii Succcflbrs on the on? Part, and their ni|?,Ii Mighti-
•' iieires on the otlui Parr, Commerce and Navigation to
" the A.V/// iind ll'ijl ludifs were rigulated and lin)itcd with
'* legiird to the Siibjeds of Spain, upon the Foot they then
" wt re ellabliniei), without Posser of farther Extcnfion,
*' m\.\ with regard to the Subjeds of this Slate, it w.i5
" agreed, that the former (liould refrain from Places wliieli
•• the latter tiolll Ifed.

•* Thcfc Articles have always been ixligioully ohfaved,
'* and the Inhabitants of the Spaiiijlj- Neihcilands, at prc-
" lint Atijlrian, h.tve never been permitted or tolerated
" to trade to the Indies. '1 he laid Netherlands being fall-
" rn under the Dominion of his Catholick Imperial Ma-
•' jelly, have not thereby acquired laigcr Privileges than
" iH'lorc I hor can it ever be imagined that their 1 ligh-
" Mightineflcs, who have made fuch fignal Efforts, con-
" Iributcd lij much to the Recovery of the Spanifi Ne-
" iherlanJs, and fo many other Parts of the Spanfp Mo-
" narrhy, in Favour of his Catholick and Imperial Ma-
" jelly, purfuant to their Engagements on that Behalf,
" could poflibly, by entering into thofe very Engagements,
" depart Irom, or ever intend to depart iVom their Cha-
•' rasters, and their Right of maintaining themfelves
therein to Perpetuity, obtained by the laid Treaty ot
Miwfttr\ or that his Catholick and Imperial Majefty
had anv Intention in recovering the laid Netherlands, to
make Alterations in the faid Treaty, much lels defign,
contrary to the Stipulation therein fo plainly exprelTod,
*' to caule any Prejudice to the State, in a Point fo cl-
•' fcntial and important to them, upon which it was fo
*• ftro(i{',ly inillled in the Negotiations at MunJUr, and
" witliiHit wliiih that Treaty Lould not have been con-
" I hided.

" Moreovi r, it is cjcpredy flipulated by the twenty-
•' fixth Ai tiele of the Rarriir Tnaty, tliat Commerce and
all Things relating to it, lliould remain, to all Intents
iliul Purpolc, upon the lame loot it was eftabliflied at
the Treaty of ,\hinjl,r, and in the Manner exprefled in
the Artii les of the liaid Treaty •, infonnich that the faid
" Treaty ot Munjhr is evidently eonlirmeJ by the Treaty
'• of the Harrier, even at tlie lime his Catholick and
•• Imnerial Majclly was already in the PofTcflion of the
" liiid Netherlands ; as hkcwile by the Guar.inty ot his
•* Ihilaniek Majelly.

•» And whereas the Right of the States in this Particu*
•' lar, is fo m.inifeft, that their High-MightineiVes have
" the utmoll Giounds to expc(5l, from the fo much re-
•• Downed Fricndfhip and Equity of his Catholick and
•' Itii|)crial Majclly, that he will not favour, or tolerate
" any Prejudice to the faid Right of the State. They
'• therefore amicably require that the P.itenr, which is laid
" to have licen granted for Navigation and Commerce of
" the Aujlrian- Netherlands to the Indies, may not be pub-
*' liflicd, but withdrawn, or at leall rendered ineftectual,
'♦ aiul that I'uch Orders may be given by his Imperial
»• Majefty, that fuch kind of Navigation and Commerce,
" whether with Patents or without, may entirely ccale,
" luul that the Treaties in that Refpeeft may be executed,

.). This Memorial was no fooner tranfmitted to Eng-
land, than it was tranflated, and printed by Order of the
hijl India Company, who direfted that it Ihould be given
to the Mcmlicrs at the Door of the I loufe of Commons,
in order to tiuickcn them in their Proceedings on a Coni-
plaint alreaily exhibited to them on the SubjeA of this
new Company, of which the Subject of Creat-Britaitt
had the very fame Right to expect the Abolition that
the States-General had exprelTed.

'I'he Method they took had, in every ReipecT^, the wifh-
cil lor Etfedt \ for this Memorial, which lb thoroughly
j'Xplaiiieil the Thing, had lb good an Ojx'ration on the
MrmlHTs of the Houfe, that, upon the 30th of .Iprit,
17M, Sir Nathaniel Gold reported from the Committee
appointetl tocmiuire into the Nature of a Subfcription laid
to W tarried on by fcvcral of )iis Majelly's Subjeds, to
promote an hijl-lndia Company now erecting in the y/w-
jhian Netherlands the Matter, as it appeared to them, and
the Rcj^lutiotu of the Committee thereupon as follows,

968 The Hiftory^ ^<. of thi Inijx rial-Company at Oikiul. Book I.

" i ■

'■ ■ . u;'. .; .

ill •"■k

1'.

I. Th«t it n thr Opiivon of tim Conimiitir, that to
vrml SiibtcO\» ot Grcai Bniam luvc Km lonnTnttl in
promoting ami > arrying on a Tragic from the Jwfiri4n-
Siihf'aniis to thr hilt liiJif, atul negotiating an.l fWt-
Mifliing ot a Comiuiiy for that I'uiiX)fc, to tlic great I'rc
i\Kli( I ot thr Ttiilf ot this Kinmlom.

i. That It IS tlif Opi.non ot this L'ommittce, that the
llouk \tc nu.vcd lor I rave to luring in a Bill, rftittually
to prevent hu Majrily's iiubjc^ti ht>m Uihkrihing, or Ik-
mgioiKfrncJ in cmoiiraRing or proniotmi^ any Sublcrip-
tion for an l.jji I'ldi.t Ctimpany m the .lujirian-Nitbtr-
lan.i\ anil lor the Ixttrr f>tuiinj', the lawlul Trade ot his
MairllyNSiihiCi'U t<>anJ horn llie E.tjl- Indies,

The full pf the laid Kelolutions king read a fccond
Time, waj ai;reeiiunto h) the I loufc Sfmint (ontradntHK,
and It was alio iinanimoiilly ordered, that I^ave he giv-
tn to bring in a Bdl ctVcCtiiilly to j- re vent h» Majelfy's
Sobjuts fiiun lul Icribing. or iKing concerned in encou-
r.igi;ig or ]>ro:noting any Siibkription tor an F.ajl- India
Loniju'iy in tiic .hihm-i \f:kr!jnds, and tor thi- better
retiring the lawful Trawie of his Majclly's Subje^ti to and
from the t'jj}- Indus.

Tiis Biil aticrwaiiis j-alTcd into a Ijw, under the Title
(if, •• An A^t frr preventing his Majelly's Subjetlts from
•* fiibr«.ribing, or Wv.v^ ioi.ierni\l in, or encniTaging or
♦' prunjoting any Sifl' lVr.pt ion lor an t-ujl-lndid L'tini
*' paiiy in the .tujl> un- ,\\:hfr.'<i<id.', and lor rlie better I'c-
" lunng a !a*Ivil Trai'c ot his MajcHy't Siibjedts to and
•• from the Emi-InJui." We have already, in the thirty-
third SiCtion of this Work, givm the Reader in Ac-
count of the Scfux: ai;vi Contents ot this I jw, ujion wliuli,
thcrefoie, it is r.ot ncctlVary that vsr fhmil.l dwell Kmgrr
here 1 or.Iy we (hall ohIer%T, that, henceforwani, thi*Mj-
ritinif I'owers I^-okeil ujitjn thcnilclvci ai etjually obligrd
to proUiiite this AfVair wuh Vii»<nir, and to olilige Ins Ini-
pcnat Majerty to atxihlh the new Lomjuny in the Mt-
lh(r'.tn.i\ as a Siciihce ntctlVaty to pieictve the Fricnd-
fti.p ot hts ancient Allies.

5 But, notwit'iftanding the joint Sillicitations of the
I'jigiijh and Duub Mnull-rs, the KnijxTor leemed more
and more dctrrmineil to nuintain his I'oint ; and there-
fore. 111 thr Montli i.f ./*^i,.', 172^, actually granted his
I/tt(is I'at'nt to the (>/)nd (.'ompany, though with (ome
Vai;at;i)ns from tlir I'lua Sxfore laid down. In the I're-
tml'lr to t)nl'; I ttiir'-, thr lurperur not only took all
t!ir Titles of t'lf ] ItaJ (4 the I loul'c ot .hijlrtj, Ixjt like-
wit'r ihi'lc (J t.'ie Kini; (it Sfaip \ and, in {uriicular, rtileii
tiimfcif Kir.g ot the /..;/? aixl IVtfilndsdt of the Canon-
IJbiiJ!. &:.. with a \aw, probably, to grace this new and
ample drant to the 0/l:nd Company, which wascrtablifh-
rd fcr t!iir:y Years with l.Kcnce to trade to the kajl-
IrJ:fi and /.' i_;^, at.t cm all the Coalh of Africa on this
Si.ic, and on tht- other Side the Capt ef CttdUopt, oh-
lerving the i.liial Cuflon>».

The Capital luixvever of the Compny was, by thcfc
lxttcr«. reduced to Six Millions of Florins, and the Nun>-
Kr ot their Afticns to Six Tlioufand i but, in other
Refptff, thry had all the Powers and Privileges laid
down in iht tiiH Plan, and many more : For they were
permitted to build 1 ort» and Calllct in whatcs'er Paits of
the Laft Imitt! they (liould think tit \ as alfo to furnilh
them with all Kind ot Arms, Art;llrry, and Ammuni-
tion tliat they thought convenient. They s^crc likcwilc
allowed to build and equip Shi[)s of what Size and
Strength thry thought pif'i)er, in any of the I'orts ot hiJ
Imperial Majelfy's Dominions in the Ij>tuCouniries, Ita-
ly, or ellewhere •, as alfo to make Ixaj'uc*, Treatirs, and
Alliances with the S<jvercign Princrs and States o! the
IndiUy in the Name of his Imj>eru! Ma|e(*y, with this
RrfVrifti'in only, that thry ftiould not make War on any
P<.tent.itc whatever, without the I /-.ivc of his ImiK.rial
Mai'fty, an 1 hf. SoreetTcr^, tirlt ha ! and obtained.

InCiJuluirraion of aJI whith CJrails Piivilrgrs, Bcnr-
frt*, and Advanrag", the laid Company IxiumI th-m-
ftlvrs to offer is a Homage to his Iiin>eri.d Majerty, his
Hrin, Sii(rrn(,rs on eviry .Sutrrfl.on, a GoK!( iil.ioi-,
crowned nt the Wei,;ht <>f twenty Marks, holding unJir
hi> f*o Fore f'mvs the Arms u\ the Company, wl.j. h
wrrr a 'ii)rtadF.ap;e, dljlav'd w.th tl.r tcrrcllnal tjlubc

b'tween his two Heads, furmountcii by tn Imi>eri4
Crown l.il»ly. Ins Imperial Majerty uwfertook to" pro-
tPrt and tielend the laid new Company againfl all who
Ihould unjuHly ittaik them \ and ftiould, even in calc of
NccclTity, employ the whole Forte of his Dominionj to
fupport and mamuin thtm in the full and free Pon'clTioti
«)l the Knjoymeni of the Coinmcrre and Navigatiott
granteil them by thelc I.ctters, and obtaii tor then) full
Damages and Satisfa^lion from any Nation, State, or Po-
tentate, that (hould prefume to trouble or dirturt* them
and (hould likewifr, tor the future, provide, in every Re-
IJKCt, for their Safety and Welfare, by any Treaties, Aj.
hances, or la-agiics, into which his Iniiierial Maielly,
his Heirs, or SiKcelFors (huuld hereafter enter with
any Powers whatever. Such was the Rifr, and liich
the F.rtabhlhmcnt of this famo< is Company uUJlnJ, from
which both the Company and hii Imperial Majclly, pro-
milcd thcmfelves fo nuny and fo great Advantages.'

6. As foon as thefc Letters Patent were publilhcd and
rrgirtercd in the Sovereign Courts of the Jn/trun I^eui-
Ceunlrifs, the Dircrtors taking PofTelTion of their Otficts,
held loon after their tirft General-Court, in which it was
refolvtd, that the Books of the Coinpny Ihould be opened
at .intuifrp on the IJcvcnih of .i'ti/(«/7, which was accord-
ingly doi^, and that with fuch Suctcfs i% fiirpritcd all £>.
rept ; lor, the next Day, by Noon, the Capital was en-
tirely lublcribed, and tw the F'nd of the Month of .luguft^
the Stock of the Q^ex./ Comjsany was 15 per Ctnt. alx)vc
Par. The Affairs of this new Society were no lelt flou-
rilhing m the Indtci, where the Pcrtbiis they employed,
Ixing mod of them fuch as h.id fervcd before, either
the Englijh or the Dniib E.iJt-lnJsa Companies, found
Ways and Means to fettle Factories with amazing Facili-
ty and Succels, and to pu(h their Trailc in fuch a Manner
as very evidently Ihewcd, that if the Intcrerts ot hich u
opfjoled this Company, die! not get it fupprelTcd in En.
rtpe, their F'.fforts m t.he fnJies would do little, unlelk
they hael Recourle to ojwn Force.

'The Dnieb Eajt- India Comjany was fo far convinced
of this, that, in Ids than a Fortnight, they prcfcntcdtwo
Memorials to the States General, in which they fcarcc
kept any Meafures, but plainly intimated, that u the
F.ltabliftiment of this Comjany was in direit Violation of
Treaties, fo they ought to be left at Liberty to aft, as if
thofr Ireaties no longer fubfifleel, arid do themfelves that
Jurtice by Arms, which it was every Day more and more
apparent, could not bt ol)uined any other Way. The
States Iiow-ver were, by no means, int lined to break ab-
folutely with his Imperial Majeify, if by any Methoels jwin-
ble they might avoid it, ami therefore Kill continue^! their
Applications at the Court of y.rnna in Conjunftiun with
Crtai-BntaiH, in order to ot)tain the Kcvocanon of the
Authority by which the new Comjuny a^frd, ot j: kaft
a Suljicnlion of it, and in the tsean 1 ime, they maile
fuch Tjws at Home, in Favour ot their own lart In.ta
Company, as they thought reijuifite, to prevent any of
the Subjects of their lligh-MightinelFes troni having .iny
CorKem, either in the Capital ot the Eafi-India Con.p.iny
in the Netberlandj, or in the Management of thnr A flairs
in the Jndtei

As on the other Hand the Dutch Company, ilio* thry
did not |>r(x:ced to direft Acts of Violence, toiik fuch Mt-
thexls in that Part of the WorW, where their Power is fo
great, and lo cxtenfive, as gave this new Society inhnit*
Trouble, by cramping their 'Trade, and rendering it ni a
great meafure precarious, in which they were fo well le-
conded by the E.ngli/b, that nothing but the .Activity and
Abilities of the Perloiis concerneil in this new Trade, and
their tinvling themfelves in a manner ilelperate, in cafe it
liid not luciced, could tiave kept it on foot in fpite of
tig: DilFiculties and Incor.vcnieiKit* which they every Day
eX|X:rirniM.

7. Ikit It was not only Gnat-Britain and Holland that
exerted themlttves with li) great Vigour againll thi'. new
F Itablilhmcnt lor Eramcf, likcwile began to take Umbrage
at a Scheme which threatened diretit Dellruftion to that
FlUlililhmrnt ot the fame kuiil, whiih the was endea-
vouring to ttctl, and therefore his moll Chrillian Ma-
jclly's CouikJ publillieU a DcclaMnou, dated the i6tliot

AiiiiiJ

Chap. II. The rHjhty ^kz, (>f the IinpcriaI-Co:npaiiy at OllcnJ. 9^(#

A>t^ujl \-;'-\i l>y wliich all fhcSiib|fCU ol l!ic Cmwn nf
hrdnce wcro t'orljiil to iiucifll tlicinlMvcs in any manner
whatevrr in the C'.ipital of the OjU-iiJ l.'onijany, uiiilcr
pain of forli'itin;^ tlircc thourinU L.ivrts lor cvi ry Aiit of
t)rtVnce, bclides iivurrinj; tlic Conlika'.ion ot whaccvir
tlicv Ihoiilil rubllrilv into tlic Capital ot liic fail! Company,
anatncaic ot a I'cconil OtVi ncf , tlir lame Fini- and For-
feiture, together with Bamnunent lor three Ytars. By
the I'ecoiul Article of this IJtclaration, his moll Chrilliaii
Majelfy dircftetl, that in ca(c the ElVetU his Sulytdts
might acquire by intircfting ihcnilclvcs in the Stock ot'
this new Company, could not be reached, To as tu nuke
them liable to the Confifcation before mentioned, tiien their
Kfteds and Fortunes in I'rance, fliould be liable to the like
Seizures and Forfeitures, until the Sums in which they
were fo concerned in the /lujlrian Company (hould be
railed and levied, and all tliis in the fhort, fummary, and
extraordinary Method defcribed by the Royal Oniinancc
of 1 670. By the third Article all Seamen, Manufadurcrs,
Tradcfmen, and in general all the Subjeds ot his molk
Chriftian Majerty were llriclly prohibited and forbid to en-
ter, in any Manner or Quality, into the Service of the faid
Oftcnd Company, on I'ain of Imprilbnmint and Forfei-
ture of all tluir Fffeds. By the fourth Article, all I'er-
fons whatever were prohibited from inviting, inliHing,
inrolling, or othcrwile entering into the Service of the
fud Comj-any, any of the Subjects of his Moll Chrillian
Majclly, 111 (^iiality of Otficers, Soldiers, Seamen, or in any
other Qi^ialiiy or Manner -, as alio to till, or buy, or lenil, or
equip any Veflcl tor the Service ot tiie laid Company, on
pain of til'.' I'illory for the firtl OHence, and of being
lent to the dallits for the lecond, betides tl-.c Conlil'catioii
of ail that Ihuiild be thus bought or IIjIJ, and a Fine of
Three thoulaiid Livrcs each on both the Buyer and
Seller.

1 li, Cathuiiek Majerty likewill- juined heartily with the
Maritinv I'oweis in this Aflair, as appears plainly from a
Reprel'ei.t.ition prelVnted to his Hritanick M.ijelly by the
Upanijh Minitler on the 26th of /Ipril, 1724, conceived
in the ( learcrt and moll exprefs Terms, and demontlrating
fully the Injullice and Illegality of this new Ktlablithmcnt,
by proving it utterly inconlilK nt with the Treaty of Mun-
Jler, by which the Crown ot Spain engaged not to dillurb
the Navig.itioii of the DulIi to tiieir tajl- India, in Con-
fideration of a reciproi.il Kngagement on their Side, not
to dillurb the Commerce of the SubjeAs of the Crown of
Spain in thai Part of the World, It was by thele recipro-
cal Stipulations, that the Subjecls of the Crown of Spain
in the Low-Countriis, were retlrained trom trading to the
EjJI- Indies: And it was i.nd.r thef: Reftriftions, that the
Spanijh Low-Counlries were yielded to the FItiflor of Ba-
varia; and by trana, with h;s Content, to the lloute of
/lujlria, upon cxprcis Coiuliiion, tlut this lloutl- thould
hold them in the tameManiier,and under the lameRellric-
tions as they had been hcLI by the Crown ai Spain ; for
which their High MiglitinelVes likewiu engaged : So that
it the Ojltnd Company iiii;;lit be lej^aily elLiblifhcd, it
would turn as much to the Detriment of Spain as to that
ot the Slates - General, contrary to the plain Mean-
ing and Intention of all thele Icvcral Tre.ities and Allian-
ces made, as is motl apparent tor ellal)lilhing and fecuring
the 'l'raiu]ui!lity of Europe ; but, by this Coiillruillion, it it
could Ik- put upon them, rendered hurtful and ruinous to
all I'artics (lave the Linpcror alone) and deftrudivc of
tliemfelvcs.

Such was the Reprefcntation of the Marquis de Pczzj
Buttio at the Court 01 London ; and to clearly was his Ca-
tholiek M.ijclly convinced, that tlie I'.llablilhment of the
Ojlend Company was utterly iiiconfillcnt with his own
jMiticular Iiiteiell, and with the general Sylleni ot the
Afiairs of Europe.

8. But, in much Icfs than a Year, the whole Face of
AHairs w.is changed ; his Catholotk Majelly law, or was
petlu.i;l.:.l by his Mimllersto think f.e law, his Iiiterellsin
another ! iglit ; and he no tooncr took this in his Head,
than the g.:iit-ral Syllem of AtVairs in Euupe mull change
Iikewile, and evciy State and I'ower therein, alter not on-
ly their Notions and Maxims, but their Politicks and
Conduct. 'I'o explain this, wc mult oblctve, that for

twenty live Ycaii tog.'thrr li-anct had been fli-iijgliiii}
to let FLi;Up V. on tile Throne '.! Sp.iin and the Irdie^
notwitlillanding the rietenfions ot the Houl'e of .luJlria t
III maintaining vliicli, almoll all the n ll of Europe was
engaged, ar.d even at this very Time a Congrefs was fit-
ting 111 the Low-CotintrieSf and i ndeavouring to adjuft and
fettle amicably the Uil'putes between his late Imperial Ma-
jelly Cbarles VI. and this fame Prince PLiiip V. n whole
(.^larrcls lb many Princes and Stat.s iiad almoll ruined
and cxhaulled their Subjects.

Yet fuch was the Obllinacy of Ixith thele Princes, that
all the Methods their Leil Friends could employ, pioveJ
incffedlual tor procuring a Reconciliation > when, of a Hid-
den, they took a furprijing Refolutioii, not otdy of re-
conciling themfelves, but of doing it at the Expencc of
their Friemls ; and as liich violent and unnatural Motion*
generally exert themfelves with extraordinary« nut tu fay
extravagant Force, fo they not only concluded a Peace,
but likewlle a Treaty of Commerce, dated at Vienna the
Firll of May, 17251 by which his Catholick Majefty fa-
crificed the Interelt of France, <o whom he owed his
Crown ; and his Imjicria! Majelly t! rie of his Allies, to
whom he was under lb many,and lb great Obligation5,that
ih.'y were fcarcc to be enumerated or computed. It was
one great Defign of this new and amazing Treaty of
Commerce, to fix and ellablllh the Ei'jl-India Com-
pany at OjUnd i not only by his Imperial Majclly's Au-
thority, whole Interell vifibly led him thereto, but alfa
by that of his Catholick Majelly, to whofe Interell it was
directly repugnant, and, that as appears by the foregoing
Declaration 111 his own Senfe and Judgment, exprelli;d in
the clcarclt and moll diredt Terms.

This fliews how weak and ridiculous a Thing it is, at
leaft for free Governments, where it is always underflood,
that Power is to be I'olely exerted for the common Benefit
of their Subjcds in general, to interell themfelves in the
Support of any particular Syllem which mull always de-
pend on the Wills and Inclinations of m.my arbitrary Prin-
ces, who, without any Re^!,ard to the Principles upon
which fuch Syllems are founded, or to the Oblig.itioii
they arc under to fuch free States as rilquc the Wealth
and Well-being of their Subjects for the ellablill)ing and
maintaining fuch Syllems, think themfelves at Liberty*
not only to altw-r and change, but to tubvert and overturn
them whenever they fee, or imagine they fee, that
greater Advantages are to be obtained by fuch Adions,
how unjull or unworthy foever, than by lleadily adhering
to their Allies. Such ever has been, and fuch ever will
be the Fate of thcfe Kind of Fngagemcnts, fatal to thole
who, from Principles of Probity and good Faith, con-
llantly and jullly obfcrve them, and profitable only to
thole who keep their Promil'es, and oblerve tlieir Treaties
no longer, ;hau till they can have their own Price for break-
ing them.

A Lellon this, that Reafon has always, .ind Experience
often taught us, though we have molt unaccoiintabiy ne-
glected to learn, or, at lealt, to prae-tile it ; but a LelVon
never dictated to us in flrongcr Terms than by tins fingular
Treaty of J'ieniia, by which two Princes, who owed tlieir
Power and Territories to the Friendfliip and Faith of
others, gave up their Benefadois trom a Prulpecl, and, aa
it proved a fallc Profpecl too of particular Advantages to
tlR.nlelves. However, upon the Conclulion ot this I'lea-
ty, the Ojiend Company teemed to be ii.\cil ujKin fo firm
and folid a Foundation, that both Enemies and Friends
coiuluiled, that they were not to be moved or Jhaken,
much lefs ruined and dilTolved by any tiling lets tlian a
general War : A Thing hard and diilicult ot Digellion to
tlieA.''i'/'/iw?/'«tf«'.t,wiio were very unwilling to pulldown
the- Work of their own I laiuls, and to dt tlroy that Bul-
wark which with lb much DitHculty, and fuch vaft- Expe:i-
ce of Blood and Treakire, they had creeled tor their uwii
Security.

As on the other Hand, tiny were no Id's unwii!i:;» to
fee the Commerce ot their Subjeds torn away by the Vio-
lence of a Prince who had iievi-r been inveiUd witn this.
i'ower ot ruining them, but by tiie Pains they h.id '.ikcn
for his Prelirrvatiun. But, to return from tiiele Rellettions,
wliici), however, are very veil worthy the N^txeaiui At-
u O teii'.ion

"'I

■I

070 T/h-Jl'/hn'', ^^- f'J f^''' lin|Hn.iU('u!r|\iny ,;/ OlK'iui. H^ok F.

„..j:pn of ihc *.■»/■ ■;'!' KwhIii. 4iu1 «" •'■i"i" '" M-""''"' vcr I..1 1, m ili-- iliirty-lixili Artule cif t!ir ^^1 Traiy,
oi lii't, .iihI liir MahiKU rn.ploycil l>y ilic M.uit:iiir '• Tli.it his jm] cimI ami t.uln.liik Mjj. llyS Ship .ir.it
r .,.rr>, in t."«)iiinfhon with /'rjK.Y, whiih ni>w, cot nf

Sul>iri"t«, (li.ill 111 ull.iwiil m iinpuit n i -/jml un ,n ^ji

" ihr kiMK lit .S>.//..'s iViiiiiii.nns .ill Idif. <>t IriiitJ, aiul

" l.lVdH aiul MinluiiU'/'.s |.ioiij,!it by them tnmi ihe

•' /•.!// /■!.//■ 1, |irtjvi.lfil It .i|'i>f jr I \ AtrKljvin i,l the

'• Ikinmci «l ihf h..jl Mi,t t .mjM y tlbblilliril m tlic

" .hj}n.iit N.tliciUiuls tlul t!ic lunc i.imc Irom rk-

'» cunqurml V\Mr%, l«>lonic»«ir lui'luti jot thtl4n.Kom.

" luny, ii« wimh C4lc tliry n».it| ciii'>y ilir Un\f I'uvi-

•' Inlgrj uraninl tii il\( Si.|.|(i:t^ nt ilic lliiti! rrovinn^

rcyirJ i<» itM)wn licrrrll, vrry htarlily jumct! ihrin, lor
ihr |>ull.rn (!"«n t.us l-Aiilur, uh,»l> while it UixhI.
llii'Aicncil it» NfighboMi* niih tlir Ia^UoI tln.ic Ativan-
l.if^ ^ th»l h.ul lor li) nuny Agrj rriulcrii! them lonliilcr
able, anil hy nuintaining tin* Wrj'tli of tluir Siil)|r<t»,
ami the Njvil hiwtr c-f their rclj>eiflivc liovrrnmnits
h.H I'luiri! tlum in a Com'.irion tu hoUl thr Balance of

Pdwrr, ami tu privcnt llif Mailncl^ ol ainbitioin l'riii«.i< ^

lM>m icJiicint; the In!l4htant^ of turcp,- into that ah|<cl •' liy the Inaty ol .\/«ii//rr in i(>4V, Ixnh with rrli.irt
Statcut vSUvny, which rfmltr* JJia flie nioO a«fi)i ahlc, " to the hJif , aiul any other 'Ihinn applual'lc to the
t!fj' in iiliil tlw riihct>, moll jxjpuloas anJ woU ilc- " iaul Trraty, iiiul whuli fli.ill not Ix- cmtraiy to it, any
hghtful Qiurt.i of thr larth. *' "«''« «l>-»i> "' ''"■ I'lHcnt l\*cr" Whiih by the lorty.

9. Tho f,t/f-/x.//(i Lomi>any in IhlUnd, were fo much fcvmth, or tail Artulc ot the faid Treaty, in nioroiVcr
a.armrdatthisAiiuiint. anil fotcrrifinUiih the Thovij^hlt rxtrnilrd." " To all what llir fln^;,* Nation has llipi-
ot fains 'f^'* ""^^ Lomiupy almoU in its very \>*v>n, on •' latci) in lluir I avour liy thr I n.iti.^ ot lOi 7, it; .,
a lxttrr'l(X>t than thimlvlvcs that thry lould not torlcar '» i;i \y aiul tall ol all. ly a vufain Irraiy anil Hn.vcn-
o.-re more trptcfcntng their Apprchcnlionj to their High " tion. the l>ay atui l)aii whiirol arr rot (AiiaVnl, (01-
MightinellV*, whi«.h thty iliil in a Memoiial fo cloJely " almiirh as ,t may k appIiiaM" to thr Ivrnp? tor's Sub-
Wimlril. anil in whuh all the I'-.ts ncirniDg this imjxjr- •' jii'is." Motiovir. •* To all what lui Ih-ui r; antral to

lant Affair, are fo tuliy aril draily fet loilh, that l-.r the
lake of avonlinj; Varirty of A! llra^s we will gjyc ihc
SuUHanceol thdi: variom Tnatirs therein to the Rcaiier.

The Dircclura of the E^fth^:a Lnmiany in this (.. n-
trv, having (»l<llrveil thnr Conimercr in the h.->jl India
litchne from linic to Time, ever iincc it hath betn at-
trmpttil in the Spanih, now .-{t'jinan Nc:herlanil«. to cai
r)' • n a I'raile in the /*./.■", have p'-fenteil fitvcial Mc
monah to your High-MiglitinfilV«, fht\sin(». That thr
Uul StibnUnJi have ro Rii;ht l>y Iriatirj co this Na-

l',;a'itc'ii to
•* the Sidlti of the I'hitril rrovinic, not 01. ly |,y the
" Trratirs ul I'lOtetil I'^S, I'lii alld hy thr I'ir.ity of
*' Marine in |( o, aiul the Triatyot IVair 1-I4 " \\\i]\
this All 'itioii, " ihat all ihrfc I rraliu Ihall lave as a
" Rule in iliMil>ilul ( ali«, ot lik li a» arc onntt'd, or not
** |!aii'lv nipirlVdl m the |ittliiit I iiaty Ixiwixn ilmr
" l.uil Ma|fHi(s,"

I '(Kin whivh (loiil>ifiil Cafi-', ami whiih .iri lalTidly
in '■ileiur, II rnay lie pidtiuli I ami dlal'lilli' .1 1:1 il.r i.til
I'lair, that his Calholuk Manlly has brtn Wilhi,j; tj

v.gatiod «iul CommcRT i that they never coui.1 flaiiu grant to ihr lm|Kriil Suhitds |iy the fioiul Annie, fr<c

It limit r the Kings of i/sixr, ami that lonlVqiientiy ihry Accds to all the CoiintrKs, S<a ikhI', anil I'laics (jf hi,

! avr It neither by virtue of the fai.l Trratit', nor of theic Doiiiiinoi.s, Iding that iKiilier in that Aitiil', nor m ihc

that !iave been made witli his Im|<rul Majifiy, ami Ins whoir T ^aty, anv (xprrfs Rtllruiion, or I xtlufion aic

rrcilitlTor the KmiKior lu:fclJ of pjonous Mrmoi v foiini', » uh aic infciteil in all other I rratits ot tli.u Na-

I .le rather, fincc the cliief Aim anil I'er.ilcniy of thei lu!c, Id is i,

Ifea'irs anil Negociafini'.s was, that in the L'oiintiirs aiul That thii ii only to Iw iimhrlliKKl of tliod* Counfrii$

Dominions which his Imperial Majrfly mii'ltt aiquire by ami l'Ui(« which the King pollttli-* in / iire/r, or thclc

Virtue of the grand Ailamc svith EitgUn.! ami this !\iai(, whne othi-t Nations have always had a tiic Comniirrr,

n'lthiiig fhould be attcmjHcd that might l)c more prtjudi- at it a| p<ais I y the loutih Ariulr of the Titaty of I'liicc

cial to tlitfc two Natiorv than if the laid (.uontnes fiad comluvlnl by th< King ot >/><»«« and this A'//i/f in i6c';,

rcma I'.ed in the Hands tf Spain. It was therefore siry where it is laid, *' Which the laid I *rd the King iin>iei-

SMliiy llipiilateil by thr Barrier Treaty, that his ImjicriaJ " Ihn.ls to lie retrained ami liiniird to thr Kingilumf,

and (.'atholick Ma|rt\y (hould wjfTcf* the .yjw/^ Nether- " Countiif, Dominions a^ d loniniip'., whiih he holdi

lar.ds, in the fame Manner as the Kings <( Sniih his Pre
dfirflor. had done, ar.d that then Commrrte mould be i, ir-
I., , wii n the Manmr fhpulated dy the Treaty of Mun-
fttr. Hut thoiigli the Diitctors could have heartily wifti-
cd they had not l)cen oiiligrd by lirlli Incidents 10 trou-
bli- your Hi};h Mighiimins again by new Writings, lie
ing thry flattcrcil themlclvcs, that his Imjtrial and Ca
tliolwW Majrlly would tur!)ear carrying on thai Coinniciie
any farther to thnr I'rejuditr.

'• and t'olVelVrt in t.urtipe, ai;il otln r I'laics and Ports wf.rc
" the Sui ir^ts lit the Kings and Pinurs his Allits trade."
Moreover, ( y the Treaty it Munftn^ i;i the f;ttli.\rticl-
it I* faid, *' That tlir Uim'turs a\\^\ I'ommiinoiuis ot ths
" Eaji am! II rji JnJt.i L omjwnirs |]ull have free Ai lefs and
" CommcK in all thetountins within the Kiii;;'> Don.i-
" 1 ions in Ihupe, but all the Staitt SubjcOU nr mi fotii-
" ijuent thf (..1/liliuH i'laccs in thr f-«Jt- Indus" And lall-
ly, by the ihiity huilh Aiiiile of the Treaty lor.iludcd at
Yet they have fctn withfirief, firl>. Thai the piivalc (y/r.-d'/ m 1 • 1 1, H iwcen Ins prrlrnt C'atholuk Mairlly and
Navigation Ix-pgn fomc Yean ago at Ojteiid, has Ix-rn tins i'/<r/c, wlmein it is cxprebly laid, " I'ho' it I* mention

li.aigid into a formal Company trading to the Exft In
lilt.', and aothwri/.rd by an ample I'atrrt i and tc.onilly,
1 hai all forts ot Mrans arc now ulcd to imi'ri>vr and
nun t-in thisCompry 1 y Tiratie* wiih other Powris, in
t'lr great Pre,! lice ot tl.r Uigliis and Piivilnl^i-^ the /•..;//
JnJia Conipa-y in this I. our. try ha» lornKtly obtained, as
it rviiiently appears to th'- laid Directors from the I iraty
of Cii.mmcrcc lately coniiudcii lictwern Ins Imi>riial and
Laihol.ck Maitlly, and the Kir.j; ot Sf.itu, where it
-s laio in the tiilt and third Article, " That the Men ot

" ed III Itvrral »l tlir ton going Articles, that the Sub-
" lefts on I ithcr .Si. If may lierly come to, frcqun f. Hay,
" fail 111, ami iia>'f in the Lotintrin, I jnds, Citii\ Ports,
" Plui s ar.d Kivi rs, belonging to the al)ovclaid rclj eiftivc
" contraftiitg P.iiiieii yet it is to \ie underfKKxl, thit the
" taid Suli)rits are only allowed that 1 ilxrrty 111 thtir rt-
" iipioial Uomnuonsin lurcpt, lince it isrxpnl'.ly at;rm!,
" that as to the Sp,t>iijb llfjl-ln.ii.i, it Ihall not be allow-
" cd to lail to, or trade there, but purliiant to t!ie thiitytirit
Artulc of the laid I reaty." On tht-othir I land, the

War, and the Merchants Ships L>el'jnging i) their laid likr unlimited Turns are a'viin to be met s' :t!i in the
Maiftlif, or to their Subiri'ts, llia'l be lieriy admitted thirty-lixih Aiinlc of the abuvc-nirniionrd Titaty, Ix'-

twcen thru laid Maiellirs, whrnin It IS Ibpulatcd, " That
•' ihc T.iin-<-roiS.Siib|t<is Ihall I r allowed to impr it iniuall
" th» t ountries ami Djminions belonging 10 ih' Kmgol
" .vy,i;<», withou! any Dili motion, all forts ol l.tfcfh,
" fiuiis ami M'iiliaiMli/r>, fi> m thrir Colonk^ at'.d con
" (lurird Pla<is in the E-iJI liiliei, provided iliiy have
•' till- ncirllaty Ail.davjis rniuiied by tht; laid Atiulei m
" whali Cafe ihiy Hull cnioy all the Privilrdgcs granttu
" I'l the .Subjrifs nf ilu« Sime by the King ol .'<piiii:'~
" Tcit-rs P.iti' ! Ill I' ( ) "

Alihous^i

ID all the I'oriJ, Coaft, C<-unirics, and I'loviims on

citJitr iidr, without alking any previous Permiflion,

which txicnd* alio in a Ipecial Manner to the Ett/t-lit-

,.i.'!, vshrfr. liiry may alV tnr cviry 'Thing iii-celfary for

Nasigation, with this lii ^ular Rilhiftion, withnljxi't

to the l:a)l Imiui, that it (hall not be allowed to lany

on xi (-ommcrcr m caih others IXinnnions, and thai

the Men of War, efixriially in thole Lounirir', Hull

' beiiavc thtmlrlvts fo, ai not to give tu the i/.i

' niatdi any Laulc of Tear or .Sulpition." ' Ti» morco-

ihI. BgcA r.

' »'f t!ir liul i,„,y^
Mj|i lly'i. bhij's ,ir..t
>'l lit •, Jinl lill III ull
ill lotf, nt iTuitJ, ami
I't t') them Iriiiu iho
I y AtKkljvi;* of the
■•'7 tihWiflidi in the
Imic i.iuii; t'oiii jIic-
»>ri iiif the Ijiil Cum-
:ii"y thr (M\r Privj.
the l'r,il:il I'roviuci^
*<. Uiiii witli rrliiccl
iii'K api'lual'lt ti) the
If contrary to it, any
VVhith hy the lorty-
I rc4ty, IS niorrovcr
''/* Nation has 1Ii;mi.
.4ti.^ (if 1O17, Itl-o,
1 I rruty iiml l^oiiVcn-
»rr roe (A| i.iVpi!. tor-
I tlif Imi)|'< lot's Sill).
It lui Ik-cii I'.uiitat fa
'»<■, not 01. ly l.y the
jHo liy ilic I'ir.tty ot'
I IVaie i-i J •• W,i!,
iMti's llull i.ivc as a
< .lie oniiti'il, or not
\ uaiy Ik twit h iluir

I wf.iJi .ir( i^jni'il I y

dKlhlllll. J |!1 ll,r Mil

\us Ixrn Williiij; tj
r f- loiul /Anulf, trie
It', ami I'Ucs ol ha
I at A I till'', nor in the
ion, or I xdufion am
r 1 rcatus ot tlut Na-

ikI of iliofo Cbuntrii?
•» ifi /i(f c/c, or thtlc
uul a ticc LomniiTrr,
I tlic I'ltaty ol Ttiice
kI thu Si/iie in i6oj,
/Hi! the King iinwci-
li to llic Kiiigiiutnf,
diijK, whiili he hulJi
'lausanil I'oits wh-.rc
mm hit Allirs trailp."
r. 111 the f:ltli Artitl •
t'omtniinoiuis ol the
lilhavc Irtr AiiffsanJ
hill the Kiin;% l)(jn,i-
Sul>ifC\< no not totti-
"ll- Indus" Andbll-
c Ticaty lotiliulcd ac
C.i!!i(iln.k M.i|rliy aiui
" riio' It tie nici.tiun-
Utalvs, that the Sub-
mr til, frequti.f, llay,
, I jnils. Cities I'orts,
he alHjvclitid tclpcftivc

iin.lerlhKx), tint the
iJt 1 liberty III tluT rt
ic It i\fxj,'ttlslya{;r(.n!,

It Ihall not be allow-
irliuiittotliethi.'tytitll
1 tlu- othir Hami, the

T mrt V it!i in the
irnlionnl Taaty, he-
t 11 lli[ui!atrd, " riur
owed to inipc It into all
on|;;in(; lo ih' Kmg ot
, all lorts (,I l.li'c^h,
htir C■olo^k^ at.d con
\ lirovidei! i!i!y havr
by the laid Attnle; 1:1
In- I'rivilttlycs graiittu
V the Kir.g ol Spam''..

Chap. II. 7'hi' I/iJlivy^ &c. of the Iiupcrial-Compan)' /:/ Ollcr.J. 971

Alth'

.."',

Alfhouf^h tlie Dircluri oK \\v f.'i/t-fii.in roni|Mny in
this C'ouiiiry ili» not kiK/W of any <.thfr I'livili'i'^c, but
that which allows thrin to iin|iort the I'rodiXtt and Mer
chandi/.ts bom the hdif<, into the I)o'iiinior^ the Kin^ of
,N>.t;« )Mill' His in l:urol<<\ or in liii h I' .ic.-; whcf all otiiir
S.itioiis have a lr<r Trade, aivl jhar n dr(d by certaii
l.ftfns I'atciit ifiiuil by the Km(; ot Sp.iin in i''''j» it
\va^ rnjoiiuvl, that at thcentcrinj^ of thole I'rodudts and
Mircliandi/.c* into liuh of his Ma|clly's I)(iniinion<i where
thiir imi'ottati'in has always been allowed, AlTiilavitn
(lioiild be jtiodiicnl, to make if apirat, that thiy arc
l'iou|',lif liom the Cuuntriis, Colonies and lonijiiered I'la-
t's our h'-Jl /"'i/(i Company is pollilVcd ol in the Enfi-ln-
iliff, Jo the I*'nil they might be (lillin{»iiilhetl Irom the
Miuliandi/e» brought Irom the Portututzt Eaft-lndits,
yf.iiii Uiii!' thtn at War with that Nation. Yet your
1 lit;h MiyhiincHls Miniller then relidinn at Madrid, llie-
iiiiuiilly oppolid If, in the Name ol tiie Stale, anil having
rcprelentnl to lus Catiiolick MajeKy, the ImimHibility of
complying with this Dcrnanii, it was droppeil in all Ap-
pcaranii', fiiuc tl.ry never lirard, that the like Atliilavif;
have iircn alterwards reqiiind in Spain, tor the I'rodures
and M(T(haiuti/i.s brought from the Enji-lndits.

Hut as thele I'l.inf^s have in all likelihood been inter-
pict.d airori iiiji; to tli'" ancient IVat'tice, or th.at they
liii)',lit l>e liifdjaible of liK li a Coii(lrii<^tion Irom priceding
y\cts anil I re.ities, the P.redors ^^lanie upon them ona-
fionally, t') (hew only, tliat the im| Imt Meaning and In-
fintot thife Articles is alto{',ether unknown to then), or
atleallilivs not appear lo dear as what is < llablillied in
the alKivel'aid Irioiul Art'e'.c, wherein, " I he laid free
«' Aicef , .\w\ kelbrt to .iil his C.ilh('li<k Majelly's I'orr ,
" ai'd I'lae'S is ivprefdy ixi' riled to the Laji- Indies.''
Which the Directors do not runembrr to have been r.rant-
td in liitli a M.innir to any Nation whatlocvir, and tljic-
cially to the .SiibjecHs ol this Stale, finee by the fifth Ar-
licle of the 'I'liaty ot Miinjler fo often quoted, it is ex-
prel-ly Hipulated, '* That the Subjects of this .s7,:/e Ihall
•• forbear frequenting the Qifttlian I'larcs in the Ei^JlIn-
*• dtn.'* This has Ixen Uridly obferveii ever lime by
the Spaniards, as it ap|)cars by a |)articular Cafe, the Di-
redors li.id the Honour to lay belorc your Migh Mighti-
nelVes, by their Memorial in the Year 1720, ciz. *' That
" in I'iSy, a Ship Ixlonging to their Company, having
" on IJoaril two rriars, who had been fliip-wrecked on
" the Coall of China, and having at their earnell Kequell
*• carried them to the Pbilltppine lllands the Captain of
•' that Ship only demanded, on this Oicafion, a fmall I'ro-
♦• vifion ol Water, which he wanted, by Kealim he had gone
*' fo much out ot his Way ; but inlkad of granting him
♦' this, or any other P'avour, they ordered hini forthwith
♦• to retire."

Mcnce it is manifell, how far the King of Spain was
from d< fignii-.^j, that his Sea-ports and I'laces in the F.aft-
Indits, which extended no farther than the Phillippine
Iflands, oiherwife called AlamlLis, fhould lerve tor Sta-
ples, or I'Licisof Retrelhmcnts toth'- Eaj}- India Ships, iti'
this Stair, as knowing vciy well what might be the Con-
fi-queiiee ot it; but the Directors think they have a more
particular Kialbn to complain ot the laid thirty -fix Arti-
cle?, becaulc the King ol Spain grants thereby to his Im-
pel lal aiul C'atholick MajdH's Subitct-;, not only all that
lias Ixen granted, but moreover yielded to the Inh.ihitants
cf this Stall , by tlie 'I'reaty ol Mtirjhr, Uitli in regard
to the Indies, and otherwile, wliuh they i.ike to be di-
reetly contrary to the fifth Artiile of the laid Treaty of
Mimiler, by which it is Hipulated, " That the Spaniards
♦• Ihall continue their NavigatK.a within the lame lamits,
•» as at the I'lmc ot that Tre.ity, without extending it
♦' any tariher in the Eajt-hidns." As on the other Hand,
it W.IS llipulatdl by t!x I'reaty of t/'/reri'/, in 1 ;m4, between
his Sr-anijb M.»ielly and this State, " Tiiat the Naviga-
♦' tion and ih • I'ra^le in the Kajt and ll^ejl- Indies, belong-
" ing to thi l-ordi the States-Genera!, Ihall Ix; carried on
" in the lame Manner as it had been practiled hith-rto."
Which piovts cvidditly, th.it no Cli.mge ought to be
made on iither Su'.e, with refpect to thi< Navig.ition,
whether it be by tluir own Stibjtcts, or tlu. I- ot a >t!ier
J'ower, iKH cuinureheiuled 111 tiic filth Article o' the

Ireaty of AfMM/hr, feeihg the tenth Atlule of the Treat/

of f//rc./>/ lays iiioreovr, '• Ihat ihr riiio);atiVi s n l.aing
" to the Njvigation and Cofntileiie in ilV /•,»///'"//>•,
** exprclfed in the tilth Aitule ol the Ir-aiy ol /Wt«ylir,
" fliall only idiicern if"' two high lontra.iing 1'. verfi
" and their Subjcin, namely, SpniH and thin Stale, and
•* no others."

So that the 1 le Me.ming and Intent of tiicle Words
apiH-ar plain and manilell by the Report of the I'lenipo-
lentiarics at thcCongrels ui Utredl, inlntul in the Vmji.iI
and the Nutul s, or Keloliiiioiis of your 1 ligh Mighti-
neH'rs of the Fourth ot /.inioait% i/i.(, m the June
Terms; '• Full, upon ihi lilih and lix'h Anulisot the
" Treaty of Munjhr, wlm h the laid I'lmipotentiaiKi
*' looked ujxin as deter ving Ionic Kiniaiks, a>lcinnap[li-
" cable toothers, laying, that llh .Smi.s ind their |i lii-
" bitants ought iiinied to iii|iiy all the Advantjgis ttipu-
'* lated by this Treaty, but thatiheotlm Niiiinns, mid par
" tiiiilarly the Ham ib:vHi, Ihall not partaki' ol tli'.-
" lame :" A tonviiu ing I'lool that the !• XLliilion, or Non-
admittance ol olhei Nations lioiii tii|oyiiij» what h»s been
agreid upon by the tilth Ailicle, about the Navigation and
Commerce ol the Eajt Indies, was the only tiue Aim ot
that Treaty \ which having been iho. n Iriiul at the Ki
tiuetl and Inll.iiues ol the i'/xcc/'i j'li iiipoK ntiaiier-, and
agreed to by both I'arlus, 11 is nm allowed to iithu of
ot tluli: two I'oweis to transli 1 this |<i|',ht by 'i'ri.ity, < r
make another Nation pailaki' ilnuol without the Con-
currence and Conleiit ot the oihtt I'oweis mnipn heiide,!
in the fame Convention, aii<l umurnid thritin. IKlides
that, alter the Kin[; ot Spain hadunee yjij^lid in iavour
of the Inhabitanii ot this State the I'ait ot the Indies^
which the privileged Eajl-hidui Company polUU'es,
with I'lomile that the Spaniaids fliouid Mot < xtend them-
felvcson that Side, he has no K. 'ht to make over a fe-
cond Time to other Nations what lih Majelly had tor-
mcrly defilled from by lolbleinn a Treaty, and which he
has always left to the privilegeii /'.V»//-/«i/;.i (.'ompany of
this State, or to liiJi who having beiii lormcrly Ins Ma-
jelly's Subjects, are alli) comprehended in the Article ot
Kxclufion. Neither is he entitled to tolerate puolickly,
that the Dillrids yielded, and whi' h have been peacea-
bly (iijoyed without any Lett liom tli. Srani/b Subjeds,
but trequented by Nhn ol War and NleiiiiantH Ships
that Forts, t olonies, and Factories tor 'Trade be let up
there, and generally 10 docvuy thing that lould be dono
had there been no 'lieaty, to the gie.it Trejudice and im-
pairing, if not entire Flxtintliou ot the I'rerogativcs ot
this State formerly Hipulated and obtained.

And, foraliiuiiii I ligh and Mighty lairds, as the Pi -
relators of the Lad-ln.ii.i Company m this Country arc
more and n\ore eonfniiied 111 wli.it lliey did lorefce lur.g
ago i that in Cale tlm Ea/I ,iiid 11 Vjl India Company
erected in the Jujhian j\ellwiland), will thus cany on
their Navig.uion and t ommeire, within tin; I .miits of the
(iiant made to the Eajl India Cunipmy ol this Country,
and dillurb the Commerce every svhue in the Indies,
the ContequeiKes ol this AH'air will i veiy P.iy j-iow more
important-, and leeing, befulis, that this Navn^',a""i> 'tud
Commerce, with the Giant lel.iting ihrn to, is now ot late
confirmed on the Part ol the Kin^ ol >'/'<»»/, by an imjHJr-
tant 'Treaty, and. highly piejuditial !.> the Commeue of
the £(»/?- /«^(.» Company ot this I'oun'iyi and that, in
Ibmc RefpeiJts, the /y«//»-/<i« ( ompany is lavuurcd moic
than the inhabitants ot this .Si.iie, thiy muld niH tor-
bear reprefenting at this Juni'iuie ihiii (nievancTs, molf
humbly belt;eching your High Mi|>,liiinell' s to take them
into your ferious Conlidi ruiun, and th.it ynu would be
plealed, according to the Inijiouanie of this AtVair, to
life the moil clVectual Means, as wi II al the Cmitt ot /';-
enna as at that of .\,'.;.i><..', and elli wheie, wheie it might In:
of any Service to have the laid (iin v.iiici s ndielleil, awA
that Navigation entirely put down, hiipinf, withal, and
expeding that it will not be taken amils, that, lacing they
cinnot acquielce to the new lirani ,ind Ticaty, lluy llick
tlofc to the ancient Tre.ity, ,in>l .i] ply the l.iine as a Kvile,
not only in C ales that are dooMul, or omilted, but 10
in all other Calcs.

13.

972 7hc I/iftorw^c. r/"//j. Imperial-Company r// Oltcml. Rook I.

'! » A

II >.

Li.'i- ^

'*■!

J'^'

10, hth.s vlcnwrnl ««* Ifr, *i one Viw, «n.| in t!>e
niort cx|irciiivi' iVrm* |>i>l!ihlf, ihr Nature ol tlmlitt •iic-
vaniMiir-Irr which ihf MaiitiHK- I'tiwii^Ulwurcii lionultn
Trraty rt I omm«Tvf comiiiilril 4( I uhh.i, .iinl (he Kc«-
foin which iniiurrvl ll)fm to h-n* tli4t lliry woul I I* re-
ilrrirtvl. NVc (te jiUinly ihu ihrre cwikl be noilung in
Niturf mi re fUgrantly miuiinm to the Marmnic I'owm
Ihan the kveral Claulc* in thi» Irr^ty, of which thry
eompUincJ, nor «nv thing more plain or iVIt-eVKlcni than
ihr Kig!it« <ijv)n which thry inlil\fil, lA which the Statr*-
<«iural wrr lo ttniillc, that liny irlolvul to rtjieai ihcir
Af'plicafiii .< It the C'ourti nl I ifiod ami M,tJriJ, in or-
drrto»)t>«4in Satid^ciiun antl ReilieU. 'Ihey were lining-
ly I'econiVil Uy tlw Ci>urM v( l^nJtn aiul I'sris, who, in
tlir mean titvc howevcti confuieiing how httle Ailvantagc
lia I hitherto been obtained by the llow ami |iaciluk Mca-
1ure«, rrtnlvetl, i( poflible, to qimltrii tlic m by lonie Stfj)
ot .tnothrr kinil, whuh m.j;ht tonvimc Unh the I mir-
ror anJ the King <>t Sf,ux, that thry wrtc ncK to t«
frighted with higd Words or to l>e |Trlo4»!(d out ot
ihcir FiT)|">crtie», by the I'archmcnt A^rernienti of other

I'liey tiiok Advantage therefore of the Dir)<oriiion the
Kiif^ o* J'ri'jjij W4« in, who taw with tome Dilplealure
ihr exorbitant, and a* he lonicivcxi, Anti-cnnllitutioiul
Power ot the l''m|nror In (»Vr/MWT, the ConltqiKmrs ot
which he thought niiglit be taul to the I'rrro^ativrs ot
fiimlcll and ot other Pnncri, with which Notioni linking
ir, th(Vconclu<)".l a detenl'ive Treaty at //*•»-. it, dated
Srfto^ < tlie 3d, 171 i, whuh Ircaty wa» to lublill tor
firtren Vtar*. and to which the Sl4tr^•(iencr4l Wire to be
invited I ) accede. Ihu' there w not th< Icall mention in
this Treaty of thi-0//c».'J Cijm|>any, yet in the Iciond Ar-
tirle It btina provided that the conir4Cting {'uwin giu<
ranty not only each othen Dominions, Coiininrs and k.\-
t\c^, t\ Well in a^ out ot l-ur*fe, tnit alio all their Rights
I'fivilei'grj and Advai ugrs, |>aiticul4rly iholc reiatiiig to
Trade, it was well enougli iinderiliKK), tliat iimlrr thi»
Phralc f'jrmuliiriy the Oilend Coinpany wat iiu I'ldcl,
fince It was imp»lTil>le it (liould continue to lubtill, and
thi ciMirraiting l*aiti-M» this 1 rraty relcrvc their H ghtj
«".d I'n* itrges relating to 1 radc, Ai liwn as this Alliance
was loiuiu-led, it W4^ not only inadc known to the Staiei-
(Kijeral at the ll.ij^ui, bmti.cy were likrwilc invited and
j^rtffid to come into it, as the moll ttlVi lual, and iiuictil the
only w.iy III [M(JCllrln^ what they of all other I'owcrs were
mull inttrctlcd to ptosurc, t/a. the Abolition of the new
Company.

I'c r wh;'e the F.mirror and the King of Spain conu-
nueil Kjclotcly imited, and the rrll ot the Princes o( /■.«-
Ttpt u".(0iinct;ini by any inunter AlSiann-, 11 was nwtl cvi-
lirnf. ihii they hail it in their Power to give law, and to
do what they |>k-4fai ; which I'ower it W4s likcwilc very
vifiblc they intended to tilir for nsany Piu|xj|es ablokitely
irrecoi 1 ileabie to the fntenfl of other Prince* «iid States,
more t\\ rt;a!'y in the talc ot thitCom|)any, whivh Itooil
now VJj (^r^ liKh a Foi.iHlattonas might have enabkil it, in
the (oiiric of a tew Years, to have lullaincti itfelt a^i^ainll
any I-orcc t!ut could h.ivebeen brought to dillurb it -, of
IJii« we may Ixr eal'tiy irntibic, if «c confiJrr tliat never
any l.lUbiiihment ( ; this kii.d was (M>llrire.! ot ecjual Ad-
V4n!.iges, or lupjH»ttcd by the Authoiity of f.valuth I'o
terjtatcs. Neiliier for the Time it continued did ever
any (^«imj>any ru-i into lucli an cxtcnfive Trade, or make
to rajvi! a Pio);ie:t as thisof the Aujirtau Netherlands. So
that unijucitiuraiily iud it bet-n IcU to itiell, or becnop-
P')fed oii'y by the dilatory Methods of Memorials ami
Appheaucr.v, it w-nild haveiifcn tohuli a 1 lejj^ht as mull
have ;ii\ 'lilhcd thol-, who troin nairow and juiUtuUr
Vicw', irrateei It as a |x>litical Chimer.r.

But the Dtt/.i" however, though tlicy could not help
acknowlcdgiiig n\ general I ernis t'lc Wudoni aiul I'ru-
«!cnce ul thi: 'ircaty <.t Hanntr, yrt thry did not immi-
duttly an cdc to it, but on the contrary, rcfoived to try
once T.'Kc the burreoi Ap;'luat!ons at the Court ot AIn
dr .1 It was Mdtji tiii» View that they dircctctl Mr. / andtr
Mcir, thvir Amball'ador at t'.at Coii.'t, to prclcnt a M< -
mona), in order to drmonllr.ite the liijuflicc tlut was ilonc
tJii-m [r/ tfiis latL- l.-caty with the Krnj/.ryr, v-iuUj Mc.-i.o-

rial was ae'lually prclenfcd im the 4th nj Sw. lyi;, jrnf
as It i» III itliltone ot the moll inltrtk live, a» weiras «i le
III the I Uiiutl Pa|iers that ai-prar-il in this wlsolc mu.r.
lantControvtrty, in which the whole coniineuul Inincil
«il tiir»ft were at Stake, wr Diall, oiiiitiinj; thole Pait,„f
It whu h aic purely Matters ot lorm, inktti •"« the Ull A> •
tcvint that lan U- given nl this Matter, ami tlieretorc the
Ull Pai>ei whuh we Ihall mention ii|M>n this (Viaruni.
But It mav lie |.n)|>rr to put the Rf ader in Mmd, ihii th.»»
Mr. ;«t».,(r Mtn- prilciited this Meinoiul only m t|^
Name ot Ins MatUii the .Siaies-Cirnrral, yet it ejn'ami
hkfwile the litoundsol Jeaknily and DillatislaCtK.n ^ivcn
10 (irtti-Briiam, and therctore concnns us as niuili »» i{
did them i and it is very jioHible there may loinca lime
whin thele very points nuy as mui h eontern us jgam.
The Arguments he ulol were thele that folkiw.

It. Ircatus lieing uiiJerllcMxl to lie the Bafii arj
I'lHunlation of the Union ot Nations and Potmtites, it
teems )Ull, that eaih Party IhoukI make n an mvulji-le
Law, not only to torliear ail ojirn IidraCt ion ot them, but
likewilt- not to alter them in any nianner, nur |>crniit
tlieir Minillcrs to make ule ol SuUetluge; lor expLini'f; tjic
lenour and Aiticlei of them in another Senie 1I1411 wliai ^a
inteneled at the Time ol tlide mutvul C (mveniiMii* It „
with thele Notions of gotKl l"aith that their IIij;!i M [^hti-
nelUs have always rigotoutly executed all they d.ive lb-
julated, wuhosit intiinging or «lteriii^; in the leaii I'oinl
any Article whatloever i making it a Unci Rule t > them-
Iclvrs, to redreU any Alxilc,and give Sati.laction lor .t ui>-
on Complaint moeic, and cauling luch ot ihiir Sul'jeeis 10
be Irverely punitheU who preliimc to elcviate Irom tlic li«
leral Obleivations of their Onlrrs 1 and as lor er.terit g m-
to 1 jigagcmcnti with othei I'owcrs to the i'rrnKiiu' of
their Allies, wlatever Sohtitatium have ken iiiotle to
them, they have given evident Marks to your Ma|d!y ul
tluir jKitect Attachments to your liitcrtlls.by rclui'inn yr.
nerally all the Aiivantagr% that were ollcred ihcm il tiiey
would have gone into the CJiiadru|)lc Aliunec.

My Mailers lUttcrcd iheiiilelvc% Sire, that after lu»h
real and tush jartuular Regards, they Ihould find u\
your Majelly'i I'etlon, not only an Ally, but a lure i'ro-
leCtion againll all thole who Ihould attempt any liivalion
in the I'rcaties to their PrejiKlice. Neverthelelithcy have
now theCincf to lee Tilings Ixar quite another Faie, and
that tar troin being lupjwrtcd by your Maiclly in thru nu-
nilell Rights, in iclation to their Lunmieice to the In-iin,
they find in y.ir Royal Perfon the Proteitor ot a Compa-
ny, whole tommercc cannot lubtill without ruining tuat
bt their 1 igh MightiiK lies iiubjects anel People; am! to
whatever b.vation your Majtlly's Minillers may have le-
courle, when they iniinuate tlut notiiuig lus been granted
to the tm|)eior wjueh is not lonturmat'lc to all the ancient
'I'reatics, it is cafy to tlemonllrate that it ea.uiot [x- with-
out a llrained Contlruiflion, contrary to the hxprelhon. of
the Articles •, lor by taking them literally, and in the Stnle
they were |KiiiiM, it is obvious to every lye how wide lius
new ircaiy of Commerce IS trom tfu- Aim ot thole ssho
(atttr luih cruel \Var», and lo much Blixxl lluil lor iiuin-
tajning the Rights of the Republick, as well with reljieCt
to their Navigation to the inJ./t, as to their Cmnmeree in
ger.craly md ar length concluele the Treaties of MuMji:r
and Utrtiii.

1 come. Sire, to thcfe Demonflrations, by the fecond
and third Artules ot the Treaty ot t t^'nia, all Men ol
War, or Mercliant Ships, belonging to hb lmi>erial Ma-
jelly, and his Sub)ects, arc alloweil to enter all the Towns
and Potts ol the i)omir.ion» ot S/^mn (thole ot tlie £rf/f-
JmJui included; there to take in Retrelhments, Provili-
ons, and generally whatrvrr they may want tor continM.'i;.;
their Voyage, with this lole Rellru'lion, that they Ihill
not traelr, or tratFiek there. In the thirtylixth Article
ot the tiime Ircaty, it i'> laid, that the SuhicCts ol hi«
Imperial Mijeity may imi^ort and vend in the Icfiirtv
ries and Dominions of Spam, all the ( loods. Mer^-liandi-
7.c$, and Pn^lucts, whieh they Ihali bung tr^m the Li'Jt-
InJra, |.iovidcd they lliall prinluce a Ccrtihcatc troin the'
Iidia Conijany ot the /ttijlrtan Nethei lands, that iholc
Merchandizes, or Prcxlucts, arc ot the diowth ol tlinr
Colonies and ConquciU; giving bcG le;, to tjidc i>ul)jcit>

. Rook I.

re, M «i II 4.1 «i 11!
iHtk wit'tic ini|m>
n11tKiu.1l Intiicit
nil', ttiiilt l'4rt'n»f
tt, .It tlir kll A> •
aiul ilirrrtorc tlw
Mill this (ViAluin.
in Miiul, iliittl-.n*
01 ul only III tlw
it, yrt II I'lnuini
lUtivliiltion givrn
n% ui 4a nuiili a» it
may lome 4 l imc
cnncrrn ui J^4in.
I folliiw.

I« the Barn anj
aiut I'lmntitfi, ic
kc It art invi(.ltii|e
action u( tlicnt, but
aniicr, nir |Hri\),t
ri lorfXi'Uinii'nilic
Sculetliiitwlut t«as
I'tmvrmi'iiH It it
their llittli M rIui-
I all lltcy I1.1VC llf
•; m the Ifill I'oint
lliid Riilr t ) thcm-
Uti^taclion liir ,t \i\>-
lit tliur Sul'jc'iU ta
ilcvute Irum tiic li«
^^^ as tor n.trfiin in-
to the I'rriiKiuc of
have tircn iiiiiir to
k to yuiir Muicl'y ui
:rclU,by relul'innpr-
(ilVcral liicin >l iiicy
Aiiunce,

Sin-, that after Uh
tlicy ftioulil liml u\
fMly, Ixit a lure I'ro-
tn-ini'l any luvalioti
vcrthilflithcy have
amithtr I'au, aiiJ
Maiclly III tht 11 lua-
itriKicc to the iH'iKi,
>!raor ot a L'oinpa-
ihout ruiiimg tiiat
(hI I'coyk ; anil to
tiers nuy have te-
ij; lu» Ixcn grantcil
X to all the ancient
1 It ia:inin Ix- wiih-^
o the I'-XjirrHiorn ol
lly, and 111 thr S<iilc
y lyr how wide liilt
Aim of thole wl»<>
Blood lluii lor main-
44 well With reljte^t
to tltcirCtiinmerie in
Ireaiics ul Munjl.r

Chap. 11. The Htjlory^ &c. oyM^ Impcrlal-Compnny ^/ OlKncl. 973

tion?, hy the fecom!
IWnna, all Men ol
to Ills imiK-rul Ma-
. enter all the luwrii
■ {thi)l>.-<'l tl>« i^<4-
rrlhmtnis, Provili-
want lor contin-.i.'".^
ion, that they IhiU
thiMy-fixth Article
the Su!')ccn ot hi*
erul in the rcriiro
• ( ioods, Mei^hamii-
hiing Ir^in the Wfi
ft Ccrtiticatc trom the
[ilu! lands, that ihulc
the (ffowth ol their
lies, 10 tjidc bulijo^'ts
1 ot

ol ilir l'm|iernr, all lliac wai yiiMcil to the Duuh, hy
the treaty ol MuMjIit m 104K, and alitrwanN hy )iarli-
cular liiaiiti in lOoj, arul tiy ihv iiiaty ol Virubl in

i he forty-ievenih Ariitle iil the fame 'I'rraiy of fi/x-
IM, ^raiit> liki will to ilie laul .Suti|<-^tH ol the Km|)ernr,
all that the /.ijf///ib olitainxl in i^i'i;, i<)7c>, 171 {• and
UlUy, liy a certain I'rejiy, or Lunvcritiiin, the Date ol
whi'h \y lux l|>e(ituil, With tlni Addition, that 111 Calei
iloootlul, or not liillkiditly clear, thule I rratiei Ihouid
lirvc tor a Bali , ami louiulation, nor i» it ex|ilaiiied, that
the I'.iitranie ol thr l.rti|)erot\ SuhjeiU into the IXimini-
un« ol the Ciown ol Uprnn, ou(;lit to t>c imderllood to
(omprehend only the I'oiis, I'owni and llaflxnirs, of
your Maielly in kurtfft, and not thote ol the Indus, which
Krltriktion l^ iiK'll < x|<relsly ijiet ifu'd 111 the I'rcatics made
with their I ligh-Mi^htinrliirk, my Mallrr*.

.So that, uiitler till! i'rettxt, the .Suhjectsof his Imperial
M-tl'lly *"'nld in)<iy imith j;reaiir Advaiita^'.es than any
otliir Natioin lor never was any I'crloit |xrtiiittcd to Ire-
qurnt, in any Manm r, undi r any I'retente whatever, your
Klajclly's Portland I'owns lit the Imliti. And i'>r a I'roof

Kci]UilUion and Inn.inte of ymir Mijelly'i Fleni{Kitenti*-
III*, and were agreed coonli ithSides, oneof tiictwo I'owen
oij|;ht not to frinshr lll^ Ki(.;ht l>y a jurti ul.ir 'I'liaiy, ur
let another Nation partii ipate llier. in, withuut the Lon-
lint and Conciirreiu c ol tiie other I'ower, who h fo parti-
cularly iiiterelleil in fli I ii d Convention. Belides, SfniH
having yielded to ih>- Ki^ubMck, that I'art el the IndKt
which it now [lolledcN, with « Proniilf, that thr .V,i(»»r/ rds
ihould lint extend thrnill'lvei on that .Siilc i that down
has no Kight to yu Id a liioiul 1 mii' to other N.nion],
what it defifted from, and yielded by lb loltiiin 4 '1 reaty
in Favour ol the Kepuhlick.

Mow is it iMiflihle tlun, that your Majefty's Minillefj
(hould |)crmit thole AriicI s to be infrinfv<l| liy giving an
authcntick I'ermilTion to the Oy/^i»(/ Company, and liy be-
ftowingon them I'riviledges, which there would li.ive ben
no Kij^ht to grant, had that I'.irt of the Ntthtrlanli,
which they inhabit, rcniaimil uiuhr vour MiicHy's Donii-
on. And l«*eing that tin: kings ot Sp,iin had aiuiii.tly
the Power, and were in the Pofltllion of exchidnm ail the
Subjects of the ir nominions 'except tholi; ol Sftitn) Iruin
the Navigation to the Indies, the Inhabitants ol the .-/h-

ihat thi> IS ol'lerved withfxtraorcliiiaiy Rigour, tjn the I'art jhtun Netherlands, who at that Time wire their SubjeCh,

ol ^piiin. It may lutfite to relate, tliat in 1OS7, a Mii|i U-
longing to the Dultb KjJI fitJia Company, having taken
on Board two Monks, who had Ixren lhi|>-wreck'd on the
Coall ol (Uimi, and having at their Intreaty carried them
to the Philippine Iilandi, the Captain, on that Occa-
lion, deliicd tiic Ciovimor ot the Country, to allow hiin
to take in a little Water, ol which he had not .Store lutl'i-
cient, kcaiilr In h.id gone tar alMiiit, to <. in y tholi: two
Monks whiiliei they had defired, which hail retarded his
Voy t^e V but tar trom obtaining his Requell, he received
Oiilcrs to nt.rc aiimediately, without being allowed the

were excluded, .ind it was only by the Treaty ot Atiinjler,
that the United- Provinces obt.iinrd the Prerog.itiveH they
en|oy, with the mutual C oiuiitions that the Divilion of
the Jnditi bring made, the two Parties were obliged to
abllain Irom the Navigation within each others I.ibtities.

Whence it lollows, that the Republick havin(j eng.iged,
that her Subjeifts Ihoukl not iLivii^ate in the Spanipj liiJu.-,
lite at the lame Time acnuircd the Riu;ht of exclu ling a!l
the Subjects of the Dominions uf Spain, and conlicjiiently
tliolc ot the Spanijh Netherlands, tiom the Navit;atiun
within their Limits. For the rcl^, the Cellion which wu

letting atidc the Ingratitude ot niade ol the laid Netherlands to the limperor, being Inch,
ident Prool, that the Kings of that his Imixriial MaieOy Ihould poillls them uiuter the

leall Rctrclhmcnt, which

the Cioveriiur) is an evident Prool, that the Kings of that his Im|xriial MajeOy Ihould p(

apiiin have never undrrlloodt that the reliirting to Ports fame Conditions the Kings of Spain h.id done •, it is clear,

ul their IXjminions, ought to comprehend their I'owiis that titel'e Countries, by changing their MalUr, could not

aiul 1 larbours 111 the Indus, whereture this Article being
granted to the l'.nii«ror's .Ships, is nianitelHy oppolite to
the Treaty ot Munjltr, as is alio the thirty-fixth Article
of the laid Treaty ol I icnna, by whuh (Inlides what has
been already alledged aliove) your Majclly gives to Ins
Imi>erial Majclly's Subjects, not only all th.it was grant-
ed, iuit even yielded to inc Inhabitants ol tin Republick,
by the I'leaty of Munjier, as well \Mth lel'pcct to the In-
dies, as otherwile, which is alio directly contrary to the
lixth .Article ot the laid Iieaty ot Muiiiier, where it is
(aid, iliat the Spani.iiJs lliould limit th< ir Navigation with-
in the Boiiiiiis It was at the lime ol the Irtaty, without
extending it further in the Indies, and this was confirmed
by that ot Uireebt, m 1714.

'1 f.ek Artalcs prove evidently then, that no Change
ought to be made m that Navij^utiun, the one Side, or
tlie other, whether by ttie Party's own Subjects, or by
thole of any other Power, who is not compreheni-led in
the littli Articli- ol the luaty ot Munjier, cunlidering
•urthcr, that the tenth Attiile of that ot Ulreeht declares,
that the Prerogatives, v.ith relpcct to the Navij^aiion and
Commerce ol the J:.ij}-ln,!tes, ciiinpri/ed in the l.ud tilth
Article ot ihe I'le.ity ol Mimjlff, Hull have PLire Iblely
in what concerns the two hi^li Powers contracting, and
their Subjects 'that is to lay, Sp.nn am! the Republick;
not others. Aicuri!in;;ly, the irue .Senfe and Meaning of
thelc Words ap[>ear i !eail), by the Rr|<ort ul the Pleni-
putrruiaries at the l.iul Coiignls ot Vtreih:, inlt-rted in
the Journal, which is amor,!; the Aitsot tlie Negotiations,
wh. re 11 I, l.iid, Kjnrerniiig the filth and lixth Articles ol
the Treaty ot Munjl^r,

1 hat till- Intention of your M.Mclly's Plenipotentiaries
wa., that thf A'.'<J/fj-(iV/»<<<;/ ol the IJiited- I'rovnu'es, and
their Iniiah.t.ints, miL'Jif ul Kii^ht to enjoy the Advan-
tages lli(nilatcd by th.it Treaty, but that other Nations,
and paituularly the ILvi/e 1 owns, ougiit not to enjoy
tlun;, a certain M.nk, that the I'.x.liidon (m Non-Ad-
miliioii (it otlur Nations to th- liiioyiiu-nt ol what is li-t-
tUd by the litth Article touching the N.ivi^ation .ind Com-
merce •() the hijl-lit.lif< ssas t.ii- only .Ann ol liiat I'rea-
ty. Anil Ueing thole Ccnvcutioni were inrmed at the
NiMB. J.XMI.

accjuire any Right prejudicial to the Republick, and con-
tr.iry to all the Treaties.

Belides the exprcis 'Terms of the thirty-firl^ Article of
the I'reaty of Uireiht are, that ycur M.ijflly promifis and
engages, not to permit .iny toreign Nation whatfoever
(ami tor any Reafon, or under any Pretext wliatfoever) to
lend Ships, or to trade in the Spnniflj Indies ; but that
on the contrary, your M.ijelly obliges yourfelf to main-
tain Things on the fame Foot they were during the Rcip,n
ol King Charles II. and conturmable to the tundamental
Laws of Spain, which ablolutcly prohibit, and interdiCl
all loreijjn Nations from entering and tr.iding into thole
InJtes, ii which even the StaUiGcncral had engaged to
lupport and maintain your Majtlly ai^ainft all thole who
(hould have attempted the contrary. Whether therctore
the Subjects of the Auftrian Netherlands be confulered as
having be<'n Ibrmerly Subjects of the King ot Spain, or
whether they be confidered as F'iirei:;ners, nothing does
authorize the granting them Priviledges oppulitc to the
'Tenor of the mutual Treaties and Conventions between
your Majelly and the Republick.

All thcfe Conlideratior s. Sire, are reducible to the lour
following Heads, vtz. 1. That by the 'Tre;ity of Conuiiercc
between your Majelly and his Imperial M.ijelly, th'' I'.m-
peror's Subjects are jKrmitted to trai;e in the India, which
Is entirely contrary to the Aim ami Ii t iiiion A the Trea-
ties of Miinjler arid UtreJ.'t. II. That Ijy the laid Treaty
of Commerce, the F'.inperor's Subjects have acquired Per-
million to enter and treqUviit your M.ijcr.y's Towns and
Ports in the Indies, under Pr .ext of taking m Rttrelh-
ments there, tf c. a 'Thin.; w!.a h has alw.iys oeen ictuled
to the Ships of their 1 ligli-MitrJuineHes, and conrei;uent-
ly, by virtue ot the Treaties, cannot be granted to other
Nations to their Prejudice. III. That your Majetly llip-
ports and authori^ s the 1 tl.iblilhments of a Company
tormed by the Inhabitants of a Country which have here-
tolore been under your Dominion, is ri>ecilica!Iy under the
Prohibitions which were Ihpulated with regard to all tb.c
Siil>iects ot the Crown of Spam (the Spaniards excepted)
which IS very dilierent trom the Tenor of the 'Treaties,
wherein it is declared, that your Majclly wjU not only

1 1 P hiMu .r

\ \

m ,

974 ^^^ Hiftory^ &c. of the Imperial-Company at Ollcnd. Book I.

M^ii:

I' «^

■Si-.'- A- Ri

hinder all tnrripti Nations from trailing in thr Initti, but
iikrwifc that you will lupjxjrt fhcir Iligh-Mightintllh m
all their Kif;hts ami Prrropativn in that reljxrt ; and Lall-
ly, 1 hat your Majffty and their High-Mightinfflc* (land-
ing engaged to allill tat h other mutually lor hindering any
other Nation from going to Itadc in the Indttt, it is evi-
dent, that neither of the two contrailing Partiej could
have a Right to alter, or defift from ihofc Articles with-
out ttie l'articij«tion and Content of the other Party in-
te relied.

Sire, all the Confulerations above- mentionwl, do, at
this Iimr, form jiill (Jround lor the Complaint of their
High-Mightintllrt, my Malkr;, who cannot lufliciently
woniier how j-our MajtHy s Minillers 'without making
due Rc;iei'"tion» on the manitcll Contradi^ion between the
Treaty of I'-.tnna and thole of Munfier and Utrt(hl) could
reni'.ire to grant fo conlidcrable Advantages to the Sub-
jects of the .hjhiitn NetlicrlamK, to the great Prijudiic
of their High Mightinrdes and it one may be allowed to
fav it, even to the gnat Prejudice of your Maiclly, and of
ytiur i'eople, who, it tlut continue, will in I inie tec them-
felves frulbated of the Advantages of their own Ct)m-
merce, by that very Compa' y *tmli is now fo fignally
protectai. 'llicir High Mightinellrs moll carncHly entreat
your Majelly , thei t ton , !-y my Mouth, tote pleated toordcr,
that the nxtl l'crifK.<. Regards -md the molf luitable to
the Imi^ortance of the tale, may Ik.- had to the prrlent
Ren'.onllrar.ces, well wnghing how lar thcic Coiitradii-
tions lo the Treaties ol .\Iuii/i<r and ljr({h. may in Tunc-
Jead to ill CunJcqurnre^, 4nd (fra:e I roubles in Eurcpc.

Their I ligh Mighlincflev arr tliroughly jK-rlWaded Irom
ytiur MaiclU's Zeal and I'irty, thai it was not your Inttn-
lion to over turn the Rights and I'n rogatives of the Ri--
puhlick, founded on luch autheniick Ireaties, to that
they can imjutr only to your Majclly's Minillers, the At-
tempts iiuile againll thmi by that of yi<niit. But if your
Mairdy has not the (nxxlnels to apply in I'lnie the need'-
fary Remedy, this Republick wil! tind themlclves trullratcd
of all the Ad\->nges they had acquired at the |-'jt|)cnce of
fo much Blcx^dOicd, tor the Supjort of its Navigation ;
whence it is cafy to conclix'.e. Sire, that Commerce
f)eing in general Pait ot the Balis and Koundation ot the
State, their I l.gh-Mighiincirrs can never dcfitl in the leall
tr jm the muiuaJ Conventions ot the Treaties of MunjUr
and Uimhi.

I hry therefore flatter themfclves, that your Majrfty
wi'l i-K pKal'ed to caufc the Artaiis of the Treaty «t / /-
tnitJ, -Ahich are c( luraibftory thereto, to be retormed,
and will proviOe, tlut the 0;l(nd Company may not in
any Manner, nor u:: !rr any Pretext, go, ajvi navigate in
the /(li/fj, lo the l nd, their 11 :gh-Mig.',tinclTrs, my
Marter', may latiity and lalm the alarmed Mimlt of their
Peo[ le, who look ujion ttiis T.'eaiy ot / ;.'»«<*, as the en-
tire Suhverfiun of thr Rights a;.d Preri>gaiive» of their
Commerce, and cljitii the Prrturirja;.».c ot ;hc Treaties ot
Mur>}(r ar... L'lrdkt.

12. This K'prtfcntation, how.-ver, though extreamly
dear and pl*in, had no:-,e ot the I'lVtCts tlut were exjjcCt-
ed from it. Their ( atholitk Maiedies liad formed to
il»emlelv<ii very exicr<f;vr, l)ut at the lame 'lime very
grouinllels |-xpi(!taiions from the I rtaty ot yiemia, and
were thef t<;re obibnair ir, tiirir Retolulions ot lup|H<i(ing
It at all l-vrrits, Tl.e O/yrnii Coinpaiiy was vilibiy ol no
Avlvantag', but in its Conlnjuei.crs, vr.-y likely to prove
I great I'r )udicc to the SpjHiJb l roilc , liut the Realuii
whicfi invliKCi! the Court ol Madrid, noiwitliilandiiig, to
tonl'nt t'l the Supjiort id ir, **•■, tin .XllirtarKe the ex-
}ie<ft"il ti jni thr KniiK-ror, in the Txriiitioii ol a favou-
rite !)ef;gr. 'if h' r <<wri, whi<h wa« il.r ruovcnng ihc Tor-
l.'eA of Liitfdliiir from thr Lrown ot (jrtat Hntmn.

But the grtat ani'. all-jxiwertul Motive whuli imhicetl
^jHtin to a<"t at file dui, was, fhe vain t IoJjcs ol ol.laiiiiiig
tic- Urints > f t'lr Umile of Ju/lfiit, the prelcnt liiipreU
a.'.u '^K'li (.t liun^itr , fur l)<jii Car.'es, itie ekiett S<>ii ol
l.he (.^i"ti of SfHiin, anii at pfldit King ot the ^uiiiti.
I his N'.sion, till/ veiy iru)i(}ertntly founded, ma-le lui h
a') liijptrfrioii «»n the Mm'!* ot tlmr Cathol:ik Majelbes,
that :i ih;.ii; app^-ared to th"-!!! in the I.ighi ul an Inion-
vtn.itttc, *i,Kh tlicy apprchenJed might contribute there-

to, ami this it was th.if engaped thrtn fo comply fo readi-
ly with whatever his lm|)erial Majelly demanded, and even
induce them to make luch nifpuriduns as looked like en-
gaging in a War with the H.incrvcr Allies. The l-.iiijx-ror,
uIUh on hisShie, (hewed as great OI>ltina ;, and indeeil, with
more Realon i lor all the Articles of the Henna Alliance,
were entirely in his l-avour, and the elUblifliing theO^^i
Comjiany, m the Manner he deligncd, was a Point of
luch infinite Conlet^ueme, Ixith with relj)eCt to Honour
and Interert, that we need not at all wonder he ptilhtd it
in the Manner he dul. or that he lalwured, by feveral Ne-
gotiations in the North, to engage moil of the Crowns
there in the Supjxirt ol his >Sihemes, in which at tirll he
had extraordinary Succefs, luit by Degrees, the Aljxi't of
ARairs was changed, l)y Meaturcs which we (hall next
explain.

1 1. The Stalts-Ctnrrat, feeing how little they were able
to eftnff by Memorials and Rcpreleiitations, and l)eginning
lo feel daily more and more the Ud Conlttiutnces ol the
l-.llablifhmentofiheO/?r»</ Company, with regard to rluir
Commerce in the Indits, took at lall a Relolution ol ac-
reding to the Treaty ot liancvrr^ notwithlfanding all fliit
their Imfx-rial and Catholick Majellies could do to hinder
It. They did arcede .ucorilingly, which very clearly ilc-
monftrated to the C ourts of lienna and Madrid, that a
was im|H)fl'ible to profecute their IXIign- farther, wuIk^uc
running the mimediate I ia/ard of a War. Spam lieined
relolved to luii this Ritque, and aciiully corrmntrid Ho-
Iblities againU (irrai Hfiiain, by lieliegmg (jihalinr, with
very litde T.lieCt however, and without any Atiilhnre
(rum the !• mirror, who, onhisSule, was unable to make
the ncccllary Piovilions lor a Rupture, without the Af-
lillance ot lui h Supplies in Money Irom Spain, as at that
1 imelhecould notaliord. 'The Court ot /•;<»»(((• rciiained
alio Heady to her Ir.ngagements, and ap(>eared lo willing
to enter into a War againll SpaiHt in Con|unCt,un wiih the
Maritime Powers that this tourt l)egan to ihllike ex-
ceedingly the Situation Ihc was in, and to wilh tor a IVacc
uiHin reafiinable 1 erms.

The Court of t'lrnnu t(x> |yrcciving that Jpain U-gari
toopin her l-'yes to her own Imerelt, and hav.ng n- ver
had really any Inrlmat.on tommply witii liut M.irruge,
which their latholick Ma)eltirs h^^ lo tonilly Ictth.ir
Hearts uixm, thought likrwilcid a timely Kttuin to her
olil Triends, and tl»olc hiigagemrnts whuli liad been lor-
merly pnniuitive til fo many Advantag' s. 1 hings being
in rhis Situation, it was not long Ulorc Preliminaries were
Intled, in which there was an Aitiiletliat tfok away tor
the prelcnt thole Apprehcniions that the Scttlemci.t ot
tins Com|Mny hail railed.

it WIS tome Time Ix-fore it tould l>e fo worded, as to la-
iisly all P.utirsi but at length, the I'lclimiiurir, Ix-ia,^ ab-
liiiutely Icttled and f'igned at Parn, on the .th of May,
I7.'7, the brll Artiile ot them lan thus i " His Iiii|xrn.il
" and Catholii k Mairlly having no other Vkw tii.m iij
" contribute to thr pubiiik Tramiiiillity of b.unpf, and
" oblcrviiig that the tuiiimene of Oj'ltnd ha> il^ivim Biitli
*' to Jralouly and I ncalincls, lonlents that then- llull be
** a Suf)x-nli'in of die Charter of the (Jjhnd Comiuny,
" and ol all i'ratiii k between the .iuftrian Ncthi rlantls and
" i.ie Indin, during the ! ernwf Itven Yurs." By t lie
fifth Artiile i<\ the lame Prchmirurus it was agreed, that
the Sliiiiswhiih laii'd Irom 0,/r«iy l>elorc this tonvtiition,
the Names whereof wru to tx- j^iven in a l-ill on the i'art
t)( his ImpK-rul Maji'lK, were to Ik- jiermittrd lately to re-
turn txHiie. aiul III lale any ol tliiin (hould Ix- taken, it
was agtfc-d, that they lli )uld be, />t«.i yfjV, rcUorcd wuh
then Cargoes.

It IS iinneielVary to (Mirliic liie political H'rtory of this
Point any fatthd, liiue by Uiis SuljH-niion tlie Ojttnd
Loiiipany was >ii laCl dcllroyrd, and tho' lome Sales wcfc
atierwaiils nude wah lonbderal'le Ailvantage to ttic Pro-
prietdis, yet itiey lott the PoWrr ul tontiniiing thcit Com-
inene, aiitt the Mariti'iie Powers carried their Pi'int.
Thus ended this iroublclbme ami [lerplexed Allair, wliicil
had very near given Bifih to a general \N ar, and by whu !i,
as It has l>een vi ry pl.iinly and fully proveil, that d his 1 lands
had not Urn tied |)y 'Trfafies, Ins Imperial Majelly riii'.',!"
Ill a lew Veais have [dloicd tlK CommcrLC of the .iujti.^in

Ncthciland-,

Book I.

imply to rtiiii-
nkil, anil even
ookeii like en-
'Ihc l'.irj)rror,
ml indcTil, v.iti>
'if»na Alliance,
flung tiir ()Ji<nd
was a I'oiiu uf
rei\ to 1 lommr
Icr he piilhul It
, by levcral Nc-
ot the Crowiii
/hith at firll he
s, the Al}x\'l ot
li we fliail next

le they were able
is, aiu) iKginning
ilit^utncf? c)l the
h rcparil to tiuir
Irlolution ot ac-
hlUni'ini; all tlut
ul(i ilo to hiniirr
1 very titarly ilc-
i .\{ddnJ, that It
taithtr, witli'iut
r. Spam I'tcnifJ

I COITilDlttul I lo-
l^Ulf'Tillli!'', With

It any All'.lhiKe
as vinahle to make
without the Al-
Spall, .IS at that
t frddif rmiained
ijx-aretl to willing
munct.on wiih the
gan to ilillike «'X-
o Willi tor a IVacc

that .'pain Ix-gan
ami hav.nsj; n'Vtr
It'll mat M..rruRf,
lo turuily let til ir

ly Kttui!! to her

m h liaa iKcn tor-
1 hings being

'rclinMnancs were
ut tiK)k away tor

the Jjcltlcniciit ol

J worried, as to ia-
imiurir-. tHM.ii);ab-
thc nth ot A/jy*
,s J '• I lii liin-enal
tlirr Virw tli.m I'i
ty of t.unff, ami
enJ ha. ^ivtn Biitli
s ih.it there HuIUjC
OjteHii Comiuny,
;;i Ncthi rlan^ls and
r, Yiarv" By »'«
,t was ajiree^l, that
c thii tonvtiition,
.i l.illon the I'ari
mittril tatcly to ic-
hmiUl Ik- ••»kc". It
fije, retlorrd *ith

Kal ll-ftoryotthn
iH-iiiion tlie Ojioi-i
;./ lomc Sale* wcis
vantage to tlic |'f>'-
■'iimiing thciiCuin-
ariK-.l itxir l'"int.
i.lixra AtVair. wind*
War. amlbvwhi^i'.
il.thatithMlnuW

„.rr,al Mainly mi'^ht

mcrccotthc.yK;/''"*
NcthctUm!-.

Chap. II. T/je ////lory, &c. oft/je Imperial-Company at Oftend. 975

Netherlands, and made the little Port oi Oftend of more
iiCe to his Dominions than hitherto fr<>»<-« has been able to
make the many Farts in her Dominions, which is a Point
worthy of our Confulcration, and indeed, of that of all
Europe, to whom the raifing a new Maritime Power would
!« found a thing of great and dangerous Confequincc,
more cfixcially in the 1 lands of a Prince otherwife power-
ful on the Continent.

But l)cfore we quit this Subjedl, it will be requilite to
take Notice of fome few Points, which rendered it lb ab-
lolutely neceflary to confRlcr this Matter, and to confider
it lb largely as we have done in this .Sedtion. In the Hrtl
Place let it be obfervcd, that a llronqer Proof there cannot
be of the Importance of the Eaft-lndia Commerce, tlian
that all Europe fhouid be thus as it were in Arms upon
that Subjert, and having felt fo lately the Mifthiefs of a
general War, Ihould notwithllanding hazard the breaking
out of another alxjut the fettling tiie Right of this Com-
merce. It isimjxjITible to conceive how this Ihould h.ive
been reconcileable to the Wifdom of their Councils any
other way than by luppofing it was a Thing felt-evi.ici t to
them, that the Trade of the Indies was the great W li(( 1
which moved the whole commercial Sylkm in Europe. It
was in this Light, and in this Light only, that tiie pulling
down the Oftend Company could be looked upon as an
K'.iterprize equally great and glorious, as the pulling dtjwn
univerl'al Monan hy. To fiy the Truth, when clofely
conndercil, they came to be the fame thing ; lor the I'olc
Kealon which iiRiuced Spain to depart Irom her own Inte-
nlV, fo lar as to countenance thisComjMny, was the Hopes
Ihe entertained of feeing a I'rince of her Blood Heir of
the Cfrmnn Branch of the Houle oi Juftria, to whom Ihe
umld not grudge a Share in the Commerce ol the
Indies.

But the' her Hoprs were vain, becaufe very probaMy
the late F.mperor never intended any fuch thing -, yet that
would not have IclTened the Value of the Prefcnt fhe ma'e
him •, for if the 0/?«7;.y Company had Ixrenonce elfeftually
cttablilhed, the Vihnk Eajl- India Trade, in If Is than a
Century, would have been confined to the /fuftrian Ne-
therlanils, and perhaps, the greatell Part of the iVade in
Euiope mud have followed it. In order to explain this,
we muft remember, that the Auftritin Low-Countries are
in themfelvts much finer than the Provinces which com-
ivil'e the Duteb Republick, and much liettrr fituatcd for
Trade. Their Sales of Kiift- India Commodities would
have brought prodigious Sums of ready Money in'o ihofe
Provinces, and this mull have revived and rellored thofc
ManutaCtures, which formerly llourillKd here more than
in any Part of Europe, whirh would have immei. lately t'e-
cured to them all the Commerce of Germany, and by De-
grees that of tlie North. In fuih Circumlbnces, what
fhouid liave hindered tluir attempting and acquiring the
Fifherics, and by o[)ening the Ports ^ f Triefte and liume
on the .Idriaink, what could have prevented their engrol-
fing the Italian Tuide ? It tuay he laiil, that all thele are
Suppofitions i but what then, they are realiinable Suppoli-
tions, and which is much more to my Pur[x)le, they were
fuch Suppofitions as induced the late Ivrnperor to ellablirti
this Company, and to llruggle fo hard as he did for the
Maintaiiuiue ot ir, naj, what is rtili more, the Dutih,
who Ixyond a QiielUon, were the belt Judges in the VVorkl
<it what might lie done, and wh.u could be done, thought
all tiiele Suppofitions tuth iKilliliie and practicable, which
iniiuced thctn to act in the Manner they did. I'ake then
all thi, together, and it will apix'ar a very lirorj!;, and not
to Ix- refuted Ai/.ument, that the I'raile of thr huji Indus
IS in itfelf the I'oundation of Commerce, and Maritime
Power, at kid in the Hands of I'uch as know how to
manage it, and have it in tluir Power to manage it as
they Houli! do-, which, I thii'k, (ully jullities the I'ain'- I
have raken u\x>n thii SubjeiJt, and all that I have advanced
in this Sei'lion.

The Defirc I hive of making e\'cry thing as clear and
plain ii It It [>ollil'le, induces me to think o! lelulving a

Quellion that will naturally arifc in the Mind of an inqui*
fitive Perfon upon this Occalion, and it is this : How it
Ihould come to pais that the Emperor, or rather the Sub-
jeds of the Emjicrrjr in the Low-Countries, fhouid, in fo
fliort a S|)ace of Time, and having no better a Port than
Oftend, be able to eredt and eftablifli a Company capable
of carrying on immediately fuch a Commerce in the Indies
as alarmed and allonilhed the Maritime Powers beyond
any thing that France had been able to do in a much lon-
ger Space of Time, with the utmoft Affillance the Court
could give, and that AITiftance too under the Direftion of
her ableft and greateft Minifters, who fcarce ever failed in
any thing elfc. This, without quellion, is a very difficult
Point for common People to get over •, but to fuch as are
well acquainted with the Situation of the feveral Countries,
the Genius and Difpolition of their Inhabitants, and the
Nature of the Governments under which they live, it
ciirricb in it little or no Difficulty at all.

Lor, in ti>e firfl: Place, the Auftrian Low-Countries arc
better feated for Trade, the People, generally fpeaking,
are not only more inclined thereto, but arc alio better qua-
lilied for it, fince they are not only Ibbcr and frugal, but
diligent alio and indul\rious. Their Country is rich and
fruitful, their Towns large and populous -, many of them
Hill have, and all of them once had noble and flourilhing
Manufaftories. Add to all this, that though the Flemings
have lull much of their ancient Freedom, yet they ftill
retain more of it than the French, and it will be no diffi-
cult Matter to conceive how this Affair happened. In few
Words, the Cafe was this : Flanders was, for feveral
Ages, the Center of the Commerce of Europe -, among fuch
a People therefore Trade might becafdy revived. In re-
gard to France, the Cafe was quite otherwife ; they never
knew the Blelling of a flourilhing Trade, or that kind of
Ciovernment, under which extenfive Traffick can only
rife and fpread. But, to return to what is more immedi-
ately our Province, and to inform the Reader of the Ccn-
fequences that attended the ertablilhing this new Company,
notwithllanding its Sufpcnfion j and in conlcquencc of that
Sulpenfion, its Dillblution.

'Ihe great Struggle which this Company orcafioncd di-
vulged the Advantages of the Eaft-lndia Trade through-
out all Europe ; and in every Nation inquifitive and pub-
lick fpirited Peop!e began to look ferioully after this politi-
cal Philofopher's Stone, which they heard was univcrfally
confelfed to be the grand Source of Riches, Commerce,
and naval Power. One would have thought that the
Ruin of this Company would have damped at leaft, if not
dellroyed this Defire of ertablilhing a Trade to the Indies.
So ♦■>'■ from it however that the 1- all ot the Oftend Com-
pany aci;'ally encrvaled it, and tiiat torthele three Realbns ;
Firll, it Ici.; aoroad abundance of adive and intelligent
Pcrfonv who had been employed by this Company, and
were, of all others, the mort likelv and the moll capable
of letting on Foot, and of conducing ProjeCls of this
Nature in other Places. Secondly, the great Succcfs this
Company had, during the Ihort time it continued, was a
very thong and prevailing Argument to perluade the let-
ting up a Conipanv in any other Place, and an Argument
whicli thePerloiis 1 have jull mentioned, knew how to re-
prelent in the taircit Colours pollible. Thirdly, .as the
Fall and Ruin of this Company w.is owing entirely to the
Treat us fiibliilitig between their Inipirial and Catho-
lick M.iiellics .mil the Maritime I'owcis, which lOt cx-
tein'.iiig tootherl'rinces and States, it might well encourage
them to hi>pe for equal good fortune, and to apprehend
fewer Inconvcniencies. Such were the Motives that de-
tcrniined the y)..«ij and the Sx-eeds, one to revive, and the
other to erect Companies of this kind, ot which, as they
are llill lubfitling, we are bound, from the Nature of the
SulijeCt, as well as by the exprets Terms of our Plan, to
give the Reader a lati^itaclory Account, which is all that
remains for us to do in reference to this Complcat HUlory
of the Commerce ot Europe with the Indies.

SECT.

-j.T-'r

976

The Hijhry of the Danifli-C'omn^crcc

SECTION XXXVII.

Eook I.

The Ilijlory of the Danifli Comtncrcc to the Kaft-Iiulit-s, their EJ}al)liJ}jfr:ents thcrc^ the Dc~
cay of their Old Cof/ipany^ ami the Motives ivhich induteU them to fet up a New
One.

I'tf, r. M '

%\^^

M 4

h ih

^ry

iii

Intcrfpcrfol with Original T.ijKrs ;uul Memoirs.

;. -Tl:r r).in<S ancinith vert f*r,vcrful h Siui, /jmcus/cr maritimf Expfditionu atui a/nvys rrmtukM- for
keeping up a cnfUrniM,- fu:'.\il Icrcc intlu-Konh. 2. 'Tbrirjir/i /'rv.;i;.-i (otlr Iruiics,/i?i,7> E/iMi// mmf
at the C:,i;l p/ Corrom.inilcl, flrir l-'ortri-fs ,tnj To'uH r.f Tranqiickir, cr rrinci)iiib.ir, <;«i/ the h\;i,- of th,tr
C'Jiny there, 3. An ylccount ^fdcir hfi^li'itr 'u.itb the Rdjab ot'T.\n]o\\T, tie Sie^e c/ 'rr.iiiiiMi!\ir, the ln~
triguis cf the W\\.<.\\tc the Vrejudice cf the D.inch, end the Relief of that 'him h the linglifli, thro' the
Cencrcftts of Mr. Titt, (iciernor cf Fort St. George. 4. 'The Ht/icry cf' the Daniih Ccloiv, ccntiiiuej
dciin to the Time if the Kev Kaft-I;ulia Suhfeription at Hamlxiurgh on the Full of the Oricnd Cmpu-
n\. ;. Afi iftipitftiitl l'ie:c (f the nrj; F.liiihlilhment, cr the Inecrp'rutiofi of the Xc-u- Comp(in\ jt ,\\.
ten.i, ifith the Old K.ilUImii.i Company at Cojxrnii.igcn. 6. Ohjecliom railed at^ain/l that F/la/'ii'hme/it
and the Prihahilitr ff its fueeeeding in its Ccmmeree. 7. Anfuers to thcfe Ohiedions, and a farther yfe-
count cf the Pri'.ile^^es and Immunities granted to the ineorpcrated Companv hv his D.midi Majeflv. S. The
Opp'fiticn made t- the Xtii' Cmpanv (as it lias ealie,!) at Alteii.i ;*v the Maritime Fewer ^, Afemori,iis pi,:
f'iK.'ed en thii Suhjeil to the Court cf Dennurk, and IJi^e of that Di/pufe. y. The thorough i'.ompleti'.ft
of this Scheme under the ylufpiee of the prefent King [then Prime) cj Dciiin.irk, and Prcgre/s cj this puor-
porated Company, frcm its Foundation to tie prifent Time.

H I-. Dams ymcrc anciently as rt .Tiif kablc for a
Naval |-orcf a» any Country in «i;e AV>//',
whic!) manilclliy a; i>r.irj, nut only from tlifir
Chroniclrj, hi.t oi;rv. It wa* dy ilu'. Mcar.s that thry Ik-
cann- l.orl* ot aim .it ail the Luui.Ki'-s rounJ alxxjt thcni,
and were to lorniiiul.lt by thnr i-icits as t(> uiKltrtakc va-
rious l-xi«ditions into remote Liiu.'UMr^. 1 hi:s, under
the Name vt tS'crm.inj, they con(HK-mi a I'art of /•»„■«.;•,
and even f'ettlexl thrniUivcs in t'.c Kmiioni uf Saf'.n.
It IS tMje, that tlic twal Comtrns uf hur-fe were then in
a GinJiti'Wi very jiiticunt from what thry a!" now •, yet
this inOead ot Irlii-ning, will, to a .Man (<t ;;oo<.l .Si nlc
and Co.;lidcratit)n, latlur increalc the DitiWulty ; tur i(
we find u f'o hard sMth all the Advanugcs wc enjoy tw
lnnfj,X)rt ;: fmall lk)v'.y of Trooj-s to the op[)oritc I'art u\
the t ontinrnt, wha: nv.iil wr th i/k ut the Dttnti landiiig
fufh numerous Armies in this Iiland, in trait. r, and in
Othii '."ount:!cs.

Tl.v-le l-aivs are not to he vriljuitei!, and, at jnclent, it
ii fHM mv HLi(:nefs toacruunt t')r ilicni -, all I aim at i*, to
flievs tjiat the I)jn/3 had nuny Agc» a^oagreat .Mamin.e
Powrr, and I Ijehevc l-.x)x 1 ten r will Ihtw, tl-.at whrn-
one- a \ation has l>'cn jwircfiril ol I.h!) a I'owet, .»nd d-
ca|v,s Uir.</ cunqui reii by her .\cij;lil«iu:s ihe gmcrally
jwcfrrvri U;mewlut til her aiKient Spinli vshitli exerts
irt'clf, more or Ids as (\ial"ion% ofVcr, ami is ncvtr tvlally
fjverwh'Jmrti. ll t.ic /J.;;,rj had »|^[ liid tli.nilelves more
to TriiJe, and leb to ttirign t- nquclls ihcy wuidd liave
iTud - a moth more lotifulcatjle li(;tiri- in liurcft dun at
th'.s J >m; tiiey do, ("met it is irrtain ilut tlieir bciiij^ dri-
Tenout I'f Su.uJfH and I'.nt ct .V«rtivt, rxiuullest thrin
extrcanily, ami the Cv:i W^f m ihcir owi\ Country j.rov-
e<l aiioili<rgrrat Laiilr.if wcakriiin^', thnr l-orse.

Yet tfi'v have r.ivcr lueii totally dej.iivedo! Mantinu
Foster, or of a Maimriie S|>irit, 'hji luve Irrfjufiniy
fVirwn ati Ir.fhnitio!! »fi .itteiiipl ismTKl) rai)l'- DUsuvtiin
in ihr N.irt i-fo I'arts (,l il,e Woti ', to r Ifabiilh Colonies
antl l-i'i,:ir» 1:1 itioic I'aits, arui have- even made very
long \'cjy .!_■!*, Willi a Wrv, i)( cxfeniiini! thnr Commcree,
It ivit witii ad the Simu ittcy could wi!l», yet with m.orc
than I'.mri.f ilicir .Nc'/i.t-ouri i and have Ixen alio more
tenac^tHM til what thry aiiiuirtd, as il thry incar.t la re-
tain thcle iliiUnt Cor.(;u.-ll', till l.ii.h a ( I'.vnr.inciit arofc-
at h .n;", a- by giving .'uf .\uciition to Trade, and jull
Imi' "luranrnicnt to ihui' suhn tddeav-mf-'d to promote it,
mght enable them to turn !ui h an I'.llaliliilimrnt to great-
er A'vj t'a;;-. Hy this Mt.ii'» tiny haVc Isecn, ant ltd!
ai' r. a i, -u .'.:i,ihi to r.iil rji ■ any ();■; .ituri.ty tliat olFc-f.,
ai-.d »i^l, ir> all I'lobjLii I), IsM^i.cf or later, dilhntjuiih

themlelves as much by Commep-C as ever tlicir lore-
tathrrs dul by Loura{;c anil |-orie, as liom tiic Lontcius
of the jirefent Scttion, wc lliall evidently nuke .iji-
pear.

2. It was very early 1:1 the lail Cer.tury that tlie Djk.t
t'.'ugliC (if attcmi ting a Trade to the E.'Ji-lnJifs ; and
alxiut the Year 1012, Kmg Chjimii IV, granted his I'lu-
tcdtion to aLompany e(lal)ii(hedatCf/fi/vJ,i;f«, lor earr)i/ig
on a Ccmmcrcr tri.rn ti.ei << to ihe Indies 1 ),( Caj..tal oj
this new Company tonlilitd of two hundied aiul lilty
Shares, of the \"a!ur of Due thoulaiui J<i.\.lol.'ars each,
and aliout tour Years atter\sard> they titted </ut l(.n;e Vet-
Ids lor the In.lu.', with IIk h Suveel's tlut tiiey edabiilhcd
tlKml'elves on tiie Coali of Cirtcmandel, at 1.0 great Di-
(lance from thr /■'rrwii' .'•eftlrn'.u.t M Pondilhirry. 1 he
Name of this I'latc |s \ery dilicKntiy written •, ll e Pcrtu-
gktl: and Indium lai! n i > e.rgiicitit, the /-.m/iijJj SmIois
'll niicmlar , but I take tlie tiuc Name ol it to le hjM.

It IS fituated (iltern Miles to the Nottliward of .Vr^^d-
p<2f.iH, anil rii|oys a eorfiderabl'.- Traile. Ihe /)ii«tj liave
tiiiilt Ik rr a regular Kiit, laicd with Stone, Aixti luiiounj-
ed with a lierp Mi tr, whn.h iii.ikts it illeimed 1 i.e if t/ie
ifionged l-iirtiefii» '■> the JiJies. Ihe 'Tossn alio,
which IS aU-i.t rwii I ' ..•■ in Circumterer.ee, is turini.iuird
wiih a noble Wall, fjcc.l with Stone, havi; g laigr llalU-
ons at proper Ihllaiins, mountei! ssitii Cannon. The
1 loiifes winch the fhin.-i a:;d other l:ui opnim inhabit, arc
ot IJriik or Stone, hiiiit all up n a Fhjor, Init coniniovli-
oi.'. enough ; the Strrrm arc wjde ami ibait, and (Mved
on til!- Siiics with ikick ', I ut thr I iiiulrs of the inJijns
.ire very mran, hav.ng Ciay- Walls, and thalclinl Kix/I>,
.IS in nu.fl oilier Ii.'.si,s ot hdid. I'fie Garrilon is not
aidwer.ildr to lo laigr anl.xiri.t ot (irouml, coidiHing
only ol one hundied i::\.\ lilty l.unptaH:, ii ihtiraliouts,
aiul (omr Indium, ss!ii> are ui ly lit \u opi>olc i'oldlcr^
l.'ii'- them('clv;s. Ill the \^\e^ .Space oi 'Tunc h'.wtvci,
that the Dann rriiuii.td lirrr, they collr(ied tof.',tther
a f^;ieat Nuinber ot /bi/wo Sub|e<ll«., who hvc very happi-
ly, and ev<-n grow rich under thru PfotcCtico. 'Tht y h.tve
hUrWilc taken Carr t.i iiiaki TiilVlilts to th; Luli'^'Ji
k'l.:'ion "f a gnat I'aft i.l ih</ii who live ari.oi.g -irni,
4\u\ iiiry liav'- thritby Uiiind ihein iiiote eft' iJiiiJily t iheit
Service i to that thnr (. nlony is vny cmilidcraLlc, and
giuws more ((I evci-y Diy, and this chiefly tor thf lullow-
ii.g Real III, that It lupivjtf . it (; It, .inti pays the IJ..>.: h

Coni'iMiij' Ten lin-jU :
liilute.

U.vlolUls 4 Year, by W a) 01

Chap. II.

to the E A S T - 1 N D I E S, ^c.

977

Their Trailc in this Part of the World has fiiffcred va-
rious Alterations, being roinetimes l)cttcr anti Ibmetimt-s
Willi , according to tlu- Revolutions that have happened
ill iliat I'art of the WorKI, and the Aicidcnts which bc-
Kl the Company in Europe. However, as far as I am
able to ii"'g''t it was moft confidcral:)!'-" about twenty-four
Years alter it was Hrll fettled •, for then, I find, a very
tnunent Dutch Writer comjiaring the Dartijh Trade to that
of the En^lijh, and affirming that the former, with a lit-
tle Appiuation, might be made as confuierable as the lat-
tir. The Reader wiii oblcrvc, that this was faid in the
'lime of our civil Wars, when, as we have fl\ewn, in our
Ilillory of the Eit^'io Company, then Trade declined ex-
ceedingly i f(i tlut It is not at all r.iprobablc, thac this Ob-
fervatwn might Ix* then true. It is, notwithftanding, cer-
tain, that till. Tiade of the Danej, was rather profitable to
piivate IVrfori', luch as the Govfrnor of Tranquebar, and
the principal M rchants enipioyed there, than to the Futj-
lick ; ami till K^afon was plainly this, that they feldom
received any conliderabl- Supplies from Denmark, and as
Jeldom Itnt liome Ships laden wiih the Commotiities and
ManulaOitutes of the Indits •, I'o that they lubliltcd chiefly
by the Trade they carrieil on with their Neighbours and
into dift'trent farts of Afia, iince they foinetiincs lent Ships
V far a-s Cbtna, from wiiencc they obtained confkderabie
Returns.

But they had from tlieir firff F,f\ablifhnifnt very great
Ditficultus to ftruggle witli, being very often engaged in
Wars with tluir Indian N'eighlwurs, and very feldoin
Ufxjn iy.Axl lerms with the relt of the European Nations
Irttlcd in Indui, who, though they aft'eettd to deljufe and
contemn tlic Ddn<s, and to treat their Traile as very def-
j/icable and inconliderable, yet they could not help envy-
ing them evtn the little Trade they had, to which, per-
haps, the convenient Situation of their Fortrefi might, in
foine mcafun , (ontribute, trim a Ferfualion that, in other
Hands, it might become a much greater Lonleqiience,
more Specially with regard to the Diamond Trade, for
which, without doubt, it (lands as well, or better, than
any of the Europtan Factories in that Part of the
World.

But the mort confuierable War in which they were ever
cngj;;ed, was towards tlie latter Knd of the lail Century,
wht!\ this lortrefs very narr&wly rfraped lieing taken, of
Tikluch, as it IS tl.c moll remark ibic Tranfadion of which
I cui obtain any Account, I think it will not be amifs to
infill upon it a little more largely, the rather, becaiil'e it
was the priiuijxil OcrafuHi of the oM DdMifl} Company
running into libt, ami bringing their AtVairs into a woriic
Condition than thty ever weic before.

3. riie Gr«)un>l of tlie War was tliis •, the Danilh Co-
lony lyinj* on the Frontiers of tl»e Indian Kanih ot latijcur,
the Uuicl llirrcil him up to attiKk and deflroy it, pro-
tinfing hiin coi.ruUrabk: Allillancc under Hand, ami to
give dim a ^ vin ot Ciokl, which, as wc have eltewhere
IIkwii, amounts to ab«jvc Jen thoufand Pounds of our
Money, foi ttu: Plate when uken. 'Ihat this was a very
bale M\.\ bailjiirous Lkfigii, an Eiiglijb Reader will very
readily allow-, hot it was, neverthek Is, very well con-
Uiv;d, and b.id vtiy near uken pjVeift, for the Iniiinn
Prinrc was very brave in lii-4 I'l-rfon, rlh-emed by hisCoun-
tiyinrn a gixid Oiikxr, ami had, iWirhuiR doubt, lioops
tnL.UL;h to have lione Krt Buliiirls, it he hail not fiecn pre-
venttil by tlit- lnttr[i()(i(iiin of Mr. l^itl, who w.i.s at that
'1 inie (jovcriiur of Fort St Ufor^f, who very gcneroully
alHlled t!w Dants^ from a Piinoplc of ilunianity, which
oug! t to i>f appUudf.l.

Wc luvc, l)y this Mears, a tokraWc Account of the
wL.ilt Trani.Ktion, wlucli i lliail give in as few Woriis as
pollible. Wlivti the Piince ol 'I'lmj i,-ar had relcivn! upon
tiiu h.iiterpn/.c, \<: .ifitmfik-il '.he whoh* Force of his Vkt-
niinion^, and uiarclicd dircilly luwardb 1 rMtfhAi.tr, iii or-
t'tr ryatt... U it. Tlie li.iuins were totxtrcmi'ly caiinmis,
that they b: u;an lot-pen ;ii<ir Frenches ai ovt a Mile from
the Fown, uikl tarrin. o: iwu ;\ t.iks ; the Fairh being
a diy Sani', liuy drove down the Bo.lu.s of CiKo*-nut
'1 ices, iiiiKad ot Makes, l><it!i on tlK Infidv ar.i! or, the
Out, Mi<.\ !ilied up th>- Space t>^.-(W'.'eii fhem with iian<l. In
Xiiat iluir Tr. iKius "veic abnuiL a:> ihitk as .1 T-.'v>i)-''*all,
*NiM«. 0;.

and very high.fo that they were perfeftly covered from our
Fire. They had about twenty or thirty thoufand Men
employed in this Siege, and with incredible Labour ind
Patience, in about five Months Time, they brought down
their Trenches within Piflol-Shot of the Walls, and with
their Batteries, had almod ruined one of the Baftions,
when the Englijh Reinforcements arrived. The Danes
expefted every Day an AfTault, and were prq>aring to
move their Kffefts into the Fort and quit the Town j and
indeed they gave the Enemy very little Difturbance, as far
as I can learn, in carrying on their Works, for the Garri-
fon did not confift of more than two hundrai EuropeanSf
as many Indian Porlugutze, and about a thoufand Blacks ;
and, befides the Fort they had to defend, the Circumfe-
rence of the Town-wall was not Icfe than a Mile and an
half. It was faced with Stone indeed, but had no Ditch,
and therefore the Danes, to prevent the Enemy's fcaling
it, had fet high Paliifadoes upon the lop of the Ratn-
parts.

A Day or two after the £)»f//^ arrived, a Sally was re-
folveil upon, and about Sun-rile in |thc Morning, a De-
tachment of the Blacks marched out of a Baftion, and
were followed by the Englijh \ but the Bhcks were no
fooner out of the Gates, than they opened to the Right
and Left, and made Room for the Englijh to advance, ne-
ver intending to engage themfelvf 1. A Body of the Ene-
my moved out of their Trenches to oppofe our Troops,
ami came on in tolerable Order with their Broad-fwordi
and Shields, without (hooting an Arrow, or firing a
Pier -. They were all decently doathed in white Vefti
and Turbants, and fcemed determined to engage our Peo-
ple liand to hand, in the Plain between the Town and the
'Frenches. The EngliJJj Officers were in fome Pain, fee-
ing this Body of Indians advance with that Refolution,
knowing their Men were fcveral of them new raifed, and
mixed with Porltgueze, on whom there is very little Dc-
j)endence : But our great Guns from the Walls, beginning
to play upon the Enemy, put them into Confufion, ana
they retired to their Trenches, with much greater Haftc
tl-a.i they came out. And our Men advancing, while they
were in that Conflernation, dr>ve them flill farther. But
there being no Preparations made for levelling the Trenches,
and die I>ay growtn"; hot, the Englijh retired into the
Town, and the Enemy returned into their Works, with-
out any great Lofs on either Side.

A few Days after, it was refolved to make another Sal-
ly, with the greateft Part of the Garrifon, and accordingly
they marched out at the great Gate, which faced their
princti>al Attack ; the Black Soldiers, according to Cuf-
tom, retired under the Walls almofl as foon as they were
out, to make Room for the Europeans. The Enemy
kept dole in their Trenches firing at us ; but between
tl>c two Attacks upon the Phin, there flood a confid .Ta-
ble Botly of Muflseteers and Pike-men, againft whom
the Englijh Commander thought fit to advance ; but ha
had not marched many Paces, before an unlucky Ball
wounded him in the Middle of his Foot, which compell-
ed him to quit the !■ iefd.

The next Officer thereupon took upon him the Com-
mand of the F'.n^lijk, and Jed them towards the Enemy,
who were drawn up in the Plain -, that Bouy retreating,
drew the Englijh lb hr from the Town, that they were
intercepted fiy the Meorifh Florfe ; and the Danes, whom
the Englijh expe(^f;ed to have fuppoited them, never ad-
vanced a Step. In this Exigency, the Englijh Officer
refi<!ved to throw himlelf into the Enemy's Frenches,
fintiing it impfifTible to retrcai ipto the Town over the
Plain ; and havirg thrown lomc Granades into the
TrencFirs, the Indians were fo comphilant as to cjuit
them, and make Room for the Englijh, who marched
qiiite along them tov .uds th- Town, till thry came to
the Frd of the Works ; hut here, they were nut liy the
Morrijh Horfe ; yet upon making one general Fire, in
wliicii great Fxecufitjn was don', the llorfe Icmind otT,
aii>( left the KvgliHi at Liberty to march on to the Walls,
where they found tiie Di'.:fs drawn up in perfect Sc*
curity.

In this '\i1ion, the Eng! Jh svere one half of t'lcin kill-
ed or wouiidcJ. Amoni: otlscr, oil'.; of the Grana.leers,

rjiM]

-i.'llliUClVC

iiook I.

« drunken Siioemakf r rr ccival twelve or foiirtit-n Wotimis
.iinl)!t was br(ni;',lit .ilivc into the Town .iml rctovern).
It was l>y th;s Ualutwiilc AfTillaiuc allorilal them l^y t!ic
Lfiji'.ilh, that the 1).ih(I prekrval this I'ow.i and I'V-
xrclsi' tor loon afur, the Rauh o{ T.wjcur, growing wca-
IV ot a War, that h.iiraiVcd hi<. Si'lijeas A'u* brought him-
Itlf no Aiiv.;i',t.i<:r, Ktitetl into his own IVrritorics, ami
kit the Diino it I ilnrty to jmrluc their IVadc i^ Ixtoiv.

4. Thry have lime that lime remaineil in qinct I'ol-
kliionot ihis I'lare, anil • arricvl on the httle Traile thty
have in (^net. Beiiiies tiie lownot Trail jutlar, ami t'lc
I'orticr> ot Diinthiur^, wfiicli is a regular Citailel, with
luur Ihon;; lUlhoiis. thry have a imall PitlriCl ol Coun-
try dcjiemicnt iiix>n them, the Inhihitanis ot whuh, jurt-
\y Mccn, ami jurtly h-iiats, arc their Suoievis and lor
the Wucation of tlieir C.tiiidren, they lave luiilt and en-
dowed a puhlick Sdiool, where they «rc taught all Kimk
of" iiltliil Knowlnigi- v and the Drfuz/i Millionaiies l)cing
compleat Mailers ot the Maldar {'ongiie, prcaih in all
the ncighlx)urmg Countries and make many Converts.
Tiiey have tornu-rly L-u:!t v(ry good Siuj^s here. whi(h
ihcy not only iniployed in their own Commerce, Uit alio
let them out to their NeighUiurs upn 1 reight, which it
it tlid not turn to .t very great Account, it at Icall enabled
them to lublill, and not only to keep what they had got,
but alio to enlarge and improve their Colony. I mull
rot, however, lorl\ar mentioning another Method by
which lomc ot thtir Eur\-;(.in Nfi;;hlxjvirs luggtll, the
D<siia made ufe ol to Ixttir their 1 ortuncs, and that i>,
their allowing their Ships to crui/.e, not only on tlv- Inti-
deis, but alio on the i>hii>pingo( lomc Chritlian Nanons,
which, it true, 11 mul\ certainly have been a moll illegal
and iinwarr-mtablc l'ract;cc.

But wc mull not yuKl toocaty to a Belief to I'uch kimi
of Accula'ioj-.s fuicc it is very certain, that thofc who
framed them, were llrc.giy p-rcjudiccil againll the DdH/i,
and trom thence inclined to ipcak ill ot them, whether
with, or without loundauon ; and not only to I'peak ill,
but alii) to ufr them ill, when it lay :n their I'ower, asistvi
dent Irom the Bchavwjur ol the Duid', not only in raifing
the War belorr mentionai, l)Ct in their Behaviour towards
the People i.i Tr^nqutbar, when in that dillrclTed Situa-
tion j lor the L;.err,y b<ing [joireflcd of the Sprinj^s by
which the Town was fuinilhcd with Water, thry lent
IVputici to dcfire tlic Airulaiuc ot their Neighbour, the
/)«/./■, who, inllcul ol ioni| iying with lo iKcrflkry and
reafonalilc .1 IVmand, lirit w(iipj>cd their MelVengcrs, and
then lent them IjJtk withmit Water We may iherrlore
iu^ly llili>eit the IrlliiiK.r.y ot liich l'ec>pi<- as were cajia-
b!c of an Action ul this Natuir towards their tclbw Crea-
tures, w.hcn in luch Diftreis. On the Whole tlierefore,
i think, infteai! ol wundenng, thai alter above one hun-
lircd ^"ia:s FolTcfiiun ot tins I'iace, and ol tome other
little I j^toricj abc*,t it, tiicy fhoold be confuicrably in
Dtbt, «!iich U no more tiun what las liapixned alto to
ihcir Neighbours, we ought rather to worulcr, that the
D<Jm;?J Company were able to go on at all, cljiecially lirw-C
tht7 received lo little Art'.llaiiK from Home, and had no-
thing to deiicnd on but their own Indullry m the fudtc,
and the liuall Rcvt;vje axifing Iroin ilirir '1 errroncs there.

i;. We are now to oj<n a rxw Sccix, by relating what

chiciiy gave Ocalion tij this .Section, I mean the ella-

bliflung what its l.r.cn.ivs iliought lit tu call a new Lad-

/«i/.i Com; ar.y in DfHtn.iri, ti.c Oecalion ol whuh was

tii;v L i>i.n the Kuia <l tiic Oyjrini Comjuny, liDind-

m,;>», wfiofr Name <* xs 'Jtihiu \a» Afp^ren, who liaJ l)eeii

corvcrntd .a tJiJt Ailair, went to (^ftHiu^em, where he

aj j.lieti luinlcll to kwif^ I retUrak the IVth, a I'nnci ol

^rcat (mxlneti and \ ittuc, and wJ.j iud nothing tnure

ul Urift i!un } romuiuig the Welfare ot hu Sub(ta» by

iil tin Mea.'U that lay in his Power, 'liir Sciieinc pr.i-

jj'/Ird by M. .i/ptni v.. hi- Dtsnilh Maielty, lu 1 a Vrrv

fair Appcarar.ec, ind great Pfolubility ol huctcii ; lie 06-

i'crvei:, that iiic:c v.a» a f:,rcat S) i-it railed ol 1 ,)cniiu: a

new Trade to the IiUiii; that nuiiy People, who were

very W'i.l verlird in ttiat Trade, f-id engaged in the .Scr-

vict ol the Oi/f«i (.oinj^itriy, the .^ucc,'■ls <,t which wuuld

uiK^utlliuubiy luve ar.twcrnl tl.cir 1 xp«Ctatiori'-, it they

> jv.'t^i Ua\c caiticd a i/n -, that the wauk. ui itv Rutn wire

I'uch, as could not attend that PiujotTk in any otiier Coim-
tiy, but I' all ot all in Ihiim.irk, whi. h hid cnioycd an
unint' rrupifd tomiiurce to ilu- Jn.iir.i tor above a Cei.tii-
ry . that thrrrlorc iliere \v;is r,othii;g f.irtlur iKTcdary to
n nder the D.iiii/b Coni|uny as llourilhing as thole ol £>?-
//•»/./ and Ubilant!, than to ir.crrale its Capital, by oik'hum'
a new Siililiiiption u|v)n atlv.intaf,r<)us Trrins.

By the Potce ol thrlr Ari',umtiit>., the King wa'; pn-
vailevl ii[H)n to llinir his Seheiiu to be put in I'xeiutiim
and that it might U- done more convriiki.tly, the Dtin.il
l-.itj} hiiiii C ompany was transferrid ttrm the City ol Co-
fenhnen, to the lioroiigh ot ,///(«rt, a Pl.ue belonging to
the Crown of Dftimark, Inii fituatvii clof'- to the rich an 1
tree City of I /amlmrfib, aiul ilurelore made Cluiice cf, ui -
i>n this CXcal'ion •, in oiih r to iiuUite 1 cirignrrs to en"ai'c
in this I 'ndci raking, his Ihnij/j M.tjilly thought lit to
giart a new C h.irtcr, dated in y/fni i;iS, for promotim;
the Commerce ot the laid Cimijuny tu the /n,//ii, Cbiiit!,
and AVujfj,', the chiel Aitichs of which were thrle, z-iz.
I'hr new Subliriliers flialt have an equal Slwre and Ri"!it
with the old Members, i" .ill the CoiuclHons, (X-troysaiil
Privilcdgrs granted to i, laid Company by his prelnit
Man fly and liii augiilt PreiirceJiors. And like wile in all the
l-orts. Settlements, Kevctuici, Houle?, Mag.i/incs, S!iiik,
KtVeifs, and in ftiort, whatever tht Company is iXjIlellKI
of at this Day, or ni.iy acquire i-i I'ln-.c to (ome. The M
Shares, or Aftions, which are in Numtxi two luMulred
and f:tty, of one thoufand Rixdollars each, lliill lublill
and remain as they .if, and will have the lame Rights .is the
nrw Share.. The Direitlors Ihall ile< lire, and alfirm up-
on tlirir Jli.nour, that all the Debts ol the Conipany do
not exceed one hundred and lixty r' 'nd Rixdollars 111
Specie. The united Company are .igdl to dili|iar!,c
and i>ay the laid Sum of one l.iuiuicd and lixty tlioiiUmI
Rixdollars, U|x)ii Condition that the old Sluies iliall have
no Dividends till the Year 175.;.

J'hoogh there is no Qiiclluin, that the Aciounts of the
Comj>any are )ul>, aiul th.it their IVbts i\i, not ixrecd the
laid Sum of one hunilreil anti tixiythoiilanti Rixdollar>:,
It is neverthch Is ftunilated, I'h.it it the laid IXbts Du tiki
a; ] 'ar to excrrd the laid Sum, the oM Shares Ih.ill l>e
aniwcrablr lor the Ovrrplu.s, and th.it the new Sul I. nbtrt
fhall not '.le obliged to conti.bute ihcrrunfo. laih new
Share rtiall Ix- one thoulanii Rixdollars m Bank, or Spitie,
wher«)f twenty fer Cent. Ihall \>c paiil ufx>n thr Aecoiint
of M. /Iltxand(r /iruj-Uier, B.inker at lLs<nvMr^L\ or in
thr Mannrr p.relcnbed in the Pn-j-.i'f pubhihcd by the
Comjviny at Copcnhaien, De.cmkr i(\ 17-' 7- '' ''"'''■
was any abkilutc Necellity to make a lurther Call the pre-
lent Year i~.'7, thr lame Dull not excceil hvr, or ten pir
LtHt. at the farthell. Ihe C a'l lor the next ^ ear lhall
not excfal twenty, or twenty -live ptr Qnt. The Rr-
maindrr ot the Sublcription iball not Iv- callrd in with-
out the Rclolut;on and Drttrnunaiuin ol a grnrr.il Court
(>l the Con'.jsiny. If the entiie .Sum ol the laid one thou-
fand Rixdollars, tor the new Actions, is not ixiid m the
Year 17 ^S, the Proprietors of tlir old Shares fhall liave
an Irtctel! at tiie Rate of live />fr lient alloweit thrm, for
the Sum they have paid mori and alxive the nrw Subli ri-
l)ers. There w:!l Lx no other .Actions than Sinres of one
thoular\d Rtx.lollais, ami half Shares of live huiulrtil Rix-
dollars rach. i-.vcry SubfciiLtr lhall b-e allownl to ta!\e
Shares for thr Bearer, ligntd by the Company, ami luch
as plealf, may have thrm mkrihrd in the Company's
B<X)ks. 1 here lhall be paid lor eaih Transfrr two Rix-
iloijars to the Company, and hall a Rixdollar to tlir I'oor.
'1 hr C rrii.iui ol tlic Comjahy aic allowed to take nciv
Actions for the Sums due to tliem, provulcd they dil-
fount on the laid UcUs tliiity per Cent, for the preknt
Year, ktx eaeli Shaic, and twcniv-tivc pirCent. lor the
next The Share-, thry (lull purchalr on this Conditi(>:;,
lhall h.ivc thr Unic Diviilends as the other new Actions.
The laid Shai' s lliall nut Ix- liablr tu ary Ser/urr, or Stop,
iijioii any Aiu'iii.t whatlocvci, ;;s it is Ucciarcd in his Ma-
irlfy'^ (Xlroy.

ihe Dirritors flijl! yearly conviumirate to the .Siibfcri
brrt, an KXiii and |articu!ar Account bt the Allans ot
the Conipany. The Dividriu! (hall fx- regulated iijH»n thr
Lid Aci.ount, ma genual Court ol tlic Compaii), by ilir

Mu'Mtfy

».t

|-v:t.

iK)ok I.

Clup. II.

the E A S 1^ - 1 N D I F. S, ^c.

979

in :iny iitlier Coiiii.
ill) li.id (Mjoyfii an
' lur above 4 Ceniii.

tartlicr naillafv to
n% a-, thole ot Evg-
Cipital, hy ojX'niiig

Irrms.

the Kinp, was prt-
L- put m L.xctutioi),
rim-iitly, the Dnniih
roni the City ol Ci-
I I'i.ui' Ix-loii^ring to
;!iil'' to the nch an I
mailr Cliiiice ot, ^ -
ori'ipnrrs to cn;^:ij;e
j<lly thoiij^ht lit to
7iS, tor proiiioiiiii;
') tlic /«,//,., Chiih},
i( li wrti- thrlf, r;:.
.ul Share ami Ri<^r|,t
LclHons Oottoysaml
I'aiiy hy his prilint
,ii>l liktwilc III all the
, Mapn/incs Ships,
uiiipany is ixinrdcj
:t()(oiiU'. 'I'licoM
Liiiilvi two luiiulrftl
s each, lliiil lublilV
K-lanu- Rights as the
larc, ami artiriii i.p-
<>( tlip Coirpany do
'nil Kixdollars 111

.igfil to iJilihan^t;
I ami (ixty thoiilaiui
jkl Shales iluli have

the Afniums cf the
ts il'< Hot (XiTcd the
tli(iiilarul Kixih'llar^-,
h< laid IXhts dv ulvl
old Shares l>ull Ik
t the new Sill lirilHT-;
briiiifo. I'aih new
11 H.iiik, or Spuif,
u[X)n the Alanine
/A;t«i«rfZ', ur in
piihhlhed hy the
i;.';. II there
irtl.cr Call the pre-
ccil live, or ten f-ir
e next Vear ll.all
Ctnt. Ihe Ke
W called in with-
of a (general Court
the laid one thou-
i^ not paid ill the
Siiarrs Ihail have
allowed them, tor
r the new Subl, ri-
thaii Slurcs of one
live himdrtd Kix-
he allowed to take
un I) 'any, and It.ili
ill the Cuiiipar.y'i
I raiisfrr t\so Kix-
xdc'llar to the I'uor.
Ilowed to take new
proV'.lcd they <}.\\-
<-»;.'. lor the preUnt
c ptr Cent, tor the
on this ConditiiT,
oilier new Action-i.
y Seizure, or Stop,
declared 111 ins Ma-
rate to the Suhfcfi
t ot the Alraiis oi
ret^ulated ii|K)Ii tlir
Cuii)| any, by the
Mj-i«y

tt:

Ma|oiity ol Voh ''«. The DireL^ors are not allowed to iin-
deiiake any 'I'l.idc but the Coiiinieric in the i..ijt-huites,
iiixin ihi Company'. Aaoiint, without the Confent of
the Meinhers ihrreol'. And lets Hill Oiall they ililpofc of,
or liiid the Company's Money to any I'erltm whatl'otver,
hu whi( li they arc to be anfwerahlc in fc.'ido, in their own
Name and l''llatc. They (lull take an Oath of cxart Ob-
h rvaiion ol llim Article, and lor a faithtul Adminillration
III the AlVaiiN of the Company, tor the common Bcnelit
.Hid Advant.)p,e ol the Members thereof. All the Mtr-
jhamli/fs whiih Hull be fold in any other Place than Co-

they rcllert, that one of the two IHivftor';, tho' now a
Count, and honoured with a white Kihluril, is the lain^
individual Pi ilon, who, iltiiin^ the late War with Jinn tS
became a bankrupt, for upwards 'as was then faid) cl fix
Millions of Florins, and fled liy Way ot tliis Country in-
to England, for Protei^tion ; but (i) loon as the Oiii-tn wa<
apprized ot his Situation, that he was not perfu iittd by
the Court of Ihince, as he pretended, but prolecmed by
his tair Creditors, for large Sums lie had ikfrauded them
of, and brought away with him -, the pixid (.Jueen, tho'
at War with France, and altho' he had been naturalized

Pttihii^tn, lliall be paui in the Bank at llamburgb, to one in Scotland, betore the Union, withdrew her rrotcftioa

trom him •, whereupon he came over here agaii', and fet-
tled at yinnen, where it Coft him, its you may remember, a
great Sum ot Money tor a Protection -, but he was fo clofely
followed by his nimurous Creditors, with the Aliittance of
the Statei-General, that not finding himfelf fufe any longer,
he lied into Denmark, where he found both Protection
and Honour. Now, fay the People here, and in Eng-

or enore Merchants, and moll fubllantial Traders, for the
Company'* Arcount. Thefe Merchants fliall be chol'cn,
aiul appointed in a general Court, by a Majority of Voices,
and 111 no < thcr Way, upon any Pretence whatlocver.
I'he faid Merchants or Cafhiers, fhall pay no Money,
hut upon Orders, ligned by three or four of the Direc-
ton at I'mIK I'he Money to be paid this Year, fliall be

at the Dilpofil ol the prcfent Piredors, till the new ones land, this fame Man being the Author, Prompter, and

to be added to them au' ( liolen. The Money ariling by principal Manager of this new Scheme, wc will never ven-

llie new SuMi nptions, lliall U- laid out, in fending Ships tore our Money in fiich 1 land', to make a Jobb for him

to •Ir.iniuel'iir, lUngal and C.bimi, and tor no other Ufe Thirdly, i find it objet'fcd here, by all who know tht

the
No more Money thall be kept in Cafli, than Eajl-Indits, that there is a great Demand upon the old

Company in W;i7, and particularly in the Bay of Btwjf^/,
for a large Ship which they formerly feizcd, with a full
lading, bound to Sural, carried her off', and Ibid botii
Ship and Cargo at Vranqucbar, tor which tlie A'hors drove
them otf, and they have not appeared there lince. This
Debt alone has been computeil at tliree hundred Rixilol-
lars in Sjxrcie, feven Years ago, and will be demanded by
the (iovernment, and mull be paid with full Iiitercll up-
on Interelf, at the Rate of twelve per Cent, per .Uv;:w\
according to the Cullom ot the Country, before they will
be {)erniitted to trade again in that Port, and this Account
is confirmed to be true by feveral Perfons here and in
England, that have relidcd in Bengal, tome ^f them at
the very Time when the faid Ship was taken and carried

■.i«y«
whatloivci

w hat will !«• nei ellary tor the tittingout and lending ot Ships,
,is III the iireeedmg Article. A general Court of the
t'oinpany luall bi called as ftjon as pollible, in order to
chiile loin new l>irr('tors, out of the new Sublcnbtrs, who
may lie . rorni'.iiers, Wr.

(>. Upon the i'ubliration of thefe prodigious Advan-
Lv-es, gunted to the new Company for carrying on a
I'lade lo the haft - Indies from Denmark, theie followed a
(real Conllernatiou in llolumd, where they k'gan to liif
prCt, tliat all the Pains thry 'i.ul taken in deftroying the
Oji-nd C'otnpany, w.is meeriy thrown away, and that this
r.L'W l-.lUbliihment in Denmark, would jirove as prejudi-
iial to iluir Intereft, as the former, which they had lb
niiK h diraded. They iK-gan therefore at .Imjlerdam, Rct-
I'tdain, and all tli'- great (. ities in the United-Provinces, off.

' ' ' ''" "^ I'ourthly, 'tis objefted, That there can be no Profit

made equal to the Hazards a Man mud run of various

i.) di-<ry ih" new Comiwny, and at the lame Time, they
lormed a I'rocels againll M. ian Afpercn, whom they
.oiidcmned and executed in b.iHgy. But they loon found,
lliat ilns did not anfwrr their PuPiwrc, and therefore they
had reiouile to other Methods.

They dilcovered that this ( ientlcman had written in very
flrong Terms to his l-'riends, Ixjth in He.'land and in Great-
lUitain, to lolhcit them to Uibfciilic into the Capital of the
Company at .lllena, uinm whiih they jiad recourte to the
/\nlwns (it thefe letters, which they tiamed in the l)cll
Manner they could, for the anfwering their own l-.nds, and
them anted tlifiu to he puhlithed in all the tngliJJ} and
niiiil' New. P.ij crs, that they might the more elicL'tiially
Iriead their <n.|ufiuns to this new Company, and thereby
ililapiHiint the I .aUnir. of M. I an Ajpcren, and the Di-
lei'tcrs, to ptocure Suhlcnptio.is. In ilutc Writings they
iiilMUatfd, that the old h.aji India Company in Denmark
was ailiially heionie B.uikrupt, and that there w.is but
v(iy liiile Realun to conhdc in the Priviledges granted to
the new, But it will lu- l>oH to give thcle Ohiedions 111
thru own Words that the Reader may ludge of theni
with a grr.»ter tcitainty. a-i, theretorc we will make as
(uMin^l an 1 xtrat'l of them as pollible, reducing their Ob-

Kinds, belides thefe before mentioned. Antl thus having
freely given you the unanimous Opinion of all that I have:
talked with, or wrote to on this Subjeft, which i.s t xartly
agreeable to my own Way of Thinking, I hojie yuu wi'l
not give yoiirfelf, nor me, any farther Trouble on this
Suhiert -, and, before I conclude, as you have been my
old friend and Acquainta.'ice, I cannot help faying, I wiih
you would retreat in Time, and endeavour to obtain l-'or»
givenel.s tor the Injuries you have endeavoured to do your
own native Country, in Defiance ot tiie Laws in being ;
for nothing can be jilniner, than that this new S^liciiie u
principally intended for Stock-jobbing, and to draw the
ready Money ot other Nations into Denmark, at all h.vents ;
but when it comes to lie underltood, that all, or moll: of
the Profits, that can be made on this Scheme, belongs to
i oreigners, whenever they want to call the Profits and
principal Money Home, I leave you to judge of the
likelihood there is, that publick l-".iitli will be maimaiiud :
^011 cannot lorget what was done i;i M^ff.fsppi, w hen they
found the Money was going out ol the Kingdom.

It was hoped, that by the publilliing thele Olijections,

/Hons iimler tout \ leads, com erning which ttiey cxprcis Subfcriptioiis would have been Itopped, and that the new

themlelvrs 111 the tollowini', Manner. Ihe Reader is to
o'jleive, ih.it thele ObjeCliwns .uc vlehvered as Irom a Coi-
tdpoiulci 1 ot the I'lojeCtois, in AnIwer to what he had
written in the I'avo-ir of the Company at A'.iena.

lull, That tlKlc AfticUs, tho' to Appearance liiihci
rnily mvitinR, are not to be .|e[ieiKled \.t\'^\^ under arbi-
tury (lovernnients. rfpeiially as long a; the Words lift
ami I.i<jiiid,.!icn aie in Memory •. and all !gree, that the
Uc.ilon why I'lher Nations lodge large Sunu, and conti-
i.'ie them ni t\v: bun Is ol tree I .overnimnts, is, that thry
*rv fecure by the ell.i'ihlbed I .iws of tiiole t. ountiies. Se-
lorilly, That tliey think the Wotil and Honour of two
Ditcflins, ■,v: exi-retlird in th( latl of the tliirty-eight Ar-
iHlr«, », hut a ilrnder Security, or (iuaranty tor the old
Cuiujuny's Deb'x, U-ing no niiMC than one luindied and
Ixty thoiiland RixdiJIaii in bii>eci '. tiioie tlj •eully, wi'ien

Company of AJiena wo ild have funk of itielf, c^r, to Ipeak
with greater Propriety, would nev;r have made .my con-
lideralile 1 iguie, or h?vc been ca;-.!ble of cairyit'gu-. Plan
into rxicutioii, 01 of lending li) iiuieh as .1 liiuile Ship to
the Indies ; hut it fel our quite otherwife, not^Nithltand-
ing what was publilhedon thisSubje't in England, I rancc,
and Holland.

7. As loon as this w.is perceived, and it was cert.:;:ily
known tliat the l).i>:!/li E.ijl- fndiii Company was actually
pre [lanng to leiiil .Miips 10 the E,:..' h:J;r.', agieeable to
tluir I'ian, and to tla Puv.cr giuii them hy their Chaiter,
a Relblutioii was taken by 'he Maritime Powi r-, to act in
Concert in this AlVair, and to endeavour to depiive il.t,'
new Company ot their lole Siipj)orr, which was I, is 7").;-
w///-!! Majellv's Charter ol ineor|^orati-in. It was with this
\'rw that Orders were lent to the Miniltcrs of C!r:ci:- '

iint.un

980

The Hifiory of the Swcdiili-Compan)'.

Book I.

W&^'f

;aC'»'<lt'. I* " \

Britain ind thUtmd at the Court of Dtim/irk, to tiX
jointly in thi< Atiiii, rtnii m ule tlwir utmoll Imlullry to
procure the Rr|>eal ol the I'owen griintrd tn this Society •,
iikI, inconl qocme of thcfe Inrtrudionf, thofc Minilleri
loon after t^rcw up, and prclciitctl the followuig I'apcr
to tiic Court of DtMmdrk.

" Hi'; Majefty, the King of Gr0tit- Britain, and
their High MightincllVH the States- GeiKral of the
liniied l'n)vina-5, lorc-leeing the Injury the traiUer-
ring the l-^jl India Com^ny Iroin C^f^baffn to ///-
ttna, will do (o (he Cominercc of titeir Subjcds ; and
jncciving, with Concern, tlui ainM)rt at the lime In-
Ihnt iljcy are nuking lo great h.ftWts to ilofi the Pro-
gr< r$ ot the (ifUttd C(>mf\any, the King of Dnmsrk,
their giKxl old Friend and Ally, is telling up another
tr,ually preiudiiwl to ihrir Stjbje^ts, have ordered the
luhliribing Miiiilfi rs to nuke moil huaible Kepretenta-
tif)n<i to hii DoMi/h Majtiiy, hoping, from ha Majefty'*
Krcrollhip, thai, as loon * ite ihali be inlwinetl of iIk
I'licAliorl^ thu Novihy j;»vci iher.i, be will witikiraw
tlK Pitvilr(;r lately (traiutd to that Company, ami
|j ivc it on liK' jnctriit f-ixX as tt hit always fubiiiletl at
Cfnhugoi; ariorduigly tJie lul>hr.'hiim Mini!\crs ie-
liir y.ur KxC(i!.iH7 10 make 4 Re|x)rt therc«>< to the
Kiiif;, 11. ! ti> priKiiK ti.em a fav<iur.ible Anfwcf.
LX)iic Al Leffnh^gin, "July n, iji%. Signed,"

Cit»«r(h,
Jg<natlfl.

S. The King of Dnimiirt , A Ivi Council, di<l not at
all rrlilh this Mcvji'al, ■ > »i )» ho* nr an Aiifwer
W4S given, vihtTii , '• w.yi Mi;", jr infilled that the
NLiriiime l'o\*ci t 04} fotaJy b . Lakcn tljc Point ■, Ix-
caule It iwvfr »■; : iw; KrgS In i-^tjtw t* erect a new
Company, or to u.M^.kt tjj?' . -h r««d now Hiblilled
tlx.vt an hi;iulred ■ id ten '^ wi h^ At ■ jftnhj^fn to Ai-
tfita. llut this aj .A.irrd '<:■..>•• i/om ti.e vtry Pro)eti
nf IiTorjJoration, which gi.mtcu r (> new Power to t.Se
Compny, br.t barely contirn'.i the oki one*. That the
Vcyjgcs i>:(>potrd direvtiy Uh Cimm, could not be tilernw-
ed r.\ Inuactioji ot IVeaties, ai y moee tlhjn the Voyages
fiiuncrly irude by th'- Company's Sliip« from Irmi^\eMr.
That Uiiher fttii, h'A Damjh Majeily wm ntit rctkrained
liy 4r.y Treaty whatever, from nvuntjinint; aiii) iupp«jft-
ing liie Coaimcne u hiiSit;tdts i*> the Jintu , eitiicr
fiuin tlici; t-ifablilhnieiti in that Patt ol the VVixkl, or
t'.irtvily IfoiH LifiiU'itg/it. TivM ilie law ol Nature and
Nations, (Hit only gave hiin a Kight, Uit nude it hi*
l>i,!y t.) promote the Wcllare ol hi> SubirCt.*, and to
exiciu! tluir 1 ra^ic 41 lar a» it waa in iku Power. And

that, fitaiiy, M he did not endeavour to enc(>ur,i{»p thii
Comnjerce with any View of iniuring the t.^jf-hdid
Cnmpaaics in tnghud or HoUmd^ Ixit purely with a
Dclign to benefit and enrich his own Sub|e<f>s, he roulj
not dikrm Kow this fljouid expufc him tQ the DilUftc or
Keii-ntmrnt of any other Power whatever.

How clear and lull foever this Anfwer miglu feem to
the Court of Dtnmark, it was far enough from giving uv
Satisiadion to Urtat-Bnttin and Ht!kmd \ and therefore*
frrlh Memorial was drawn up, to ftiew the Infufikiency of
thts Anfwer, and the Kig' which the Maritime Powers
had to cipcA, that hit DamJh Majefty Ihoukl comply
with their Demands, and with<iraw his Protertion from
this Company. Ihis MetiKH^tal was delivered by t)«
Jjrl of Cktjkirftld, and the IVputies Urorn their High
Mighunei]<r> the Statrs-Gcneral, to Mr. G>e»j, his Da-
nijk Majctty's Miiuller at the Hague, m the Sum-
n>er of the Year 1728, from which 'lime to the
prcfcnt, I »io not find that any farther Applications have
lieen naa«le «« this Subjefl, or that the Rights of the
D^niib ta/i-Jmiia Company Imivc been fartlicr contro-
verted.

9. it ii, however, certain, that the Onpofiiion made
by the. Maiitiine i'owen to tfve Eftabhlhmcnt of thi»
Company, and their ablolutcJy forbidding their SubjcClj
to have any Share or C»xiC(in ihcrtin, alTeded the new
Sobknjoons to luch a Degree, that they dui not, by
any means, anfwer the tlxpeClaiions that were lormni of
them, when Mr. ^'an Ajptrtn's Scheme was lirft publilh-
cd \ but they fo far anfweretl, ai to enable the Co.npany
to enlarge her ComnKrcc, and even to enter inio a il;rtft
I'radc hom CofenbagtH to the Iniia and Ci>/tt4, m which
tixy were rhiefly em ouragcd and fupported by the I'r'iice
Royal of DauMrk, now King Chrijiian VI. under wholij
Aufpire they have llcurilhed ever fiiice.

By the Advantages derived from his Favour, their Af-
fairs are now in lo good a I'olUire, that there Ireins to be
nu IXiubt ot their t)etng able to purf'ue their Traile con-
ftawiy, and with coniiderabie Advantage both to the Pro-
prietors ot the Canij)any's Stock, and the Danijb Nauots
in grncral \ tor their Fund is conliiicrable, their Credit
good, their Ware-houlVs, Magazines, Yards, and IXKk|
at (.Tpcnhagen in peilui) Order, snti their S^ki arc very
large and legiilar, iiialmu h as they gerjeraliy Itmi two
or tlwce Ships annually to the t.itji-UJus, and rrteivc
a» MWiy, with rith Cai^cs Iroin thence : So tlial, nn the
wbuir, we may venture to allerr, diat this Coiui>aiiy is ci-
.'c*l««ily etlaiiliftsed, and that, in a very few Years, thry
wdl have a lOnlukrabic Share in the Trade to th: £j//-

It:;;;:

SECTION xxxvin.

AJuccinSl Hiftory of tht Swai I'-i Ea:? India Company^

Including an Lxtni^ of t'i< Royal Charter.

!. tht Crcurt 0/ Sweden /dr If ft ccnfulfrahU at Sra tkan tbr \>AV,r , ytt in fomr Mr.tfurf a Maritime Pem^
tr, and aiway. umbtttoui of a (itrtd Tratic f thf F.alt cr WrlUIrulics. 2. The Rije cj the prffrnt Com-
/uiny, firopmy tbat cjlia\ry Knninf^, hut ctnumnh liihii. The (»ottcnburgh-Coni}>any, and an Abndi'
ment oj iti darter, j. 'Tir Progrefi and prcf-nt Utafe of t Lis Company, withjcme Remarks.

FiF". Strrii/4 Nation, though not I'lrmerly di-
iriifned 1 y *ny great Share of Maritime
1'ov.rr, have ncvcrthclcis alway* jHckrved the
rhaticicr <i\ Ikillul and iiitrepul .SranKn, at appears both
from their own anu foirigr* llilbjt.es, more cij'ccully
thole ol the Djuo and ihc y/jn/i- imni ui G*rmij/rf, w«h
wlion. ilicy wi:c engaged m Irttjurnt DifjHKe*, that were,
generally ljir.ik,iig, >u:tcrn.uieu by riaval F-r^^agf UMiits,
It dors :vjt, Ji<jwiv<f, apptj;, that t\>t: Su/ttiti ItatI ever
tny 1 h'AJgl.cs ul car ya>g on a rradc to the ksjt Imiitt
iw the 1 unc ol tix taiitou^ i.tujtjvm .iLi^imi, the Lilury

of the;r Country, and the moft finilhal Hero of hn Age.
Ihis KTeat Priiice, whole ruling Pallion wu the Welfare
and k( (AitatMin ot hii Subjects, formed the Project of
rllahhftimg a Trade to tlie Laji- imdttt from Huedcn dt-
rcclly, to which lie invited Ins Subjcdt, by I.eiters Pa-
tniu, under his Broad-Seal, e'.atcd at Stttklclm the i+th
ot Jum, it>i(t: But the War in Germany prevented the
Piolci utioh of that Uffign, which Icems to have died
with ttuM glorious MonanK who l'-"ied it.

iiis liaugl.tcr, the celebrated (^. u Chnfttn.i, ("qually
rcaMvkaUc tor her L^vc ut L«afiung, and Cwitcmpt ul

Book I.

to fnc(nir.ij»p (hit
ig tlif hrtJl-InJis
lut purely With a
Siibir^s, he coulil

IQ the l)ilU(\e or
rr.

wcr tniftht fccm to
;h from giving any
id I and thcrcturc a
the Infufficicncy of
; Maritime Foweri
lly Ihould comply
i.1 Frotrdion from

ikhvcrcd by die
I firom their }iigh
At. G>w, hi» Da-
luf, in the Sum-
ich Time to the
r Applications have

the Rights of the
ecn fartiicr contro-

e Oppfuion made
tablUhmcnt of this
ddir.g thrir Subjcda
n, atVedfd the ncvf
t they did not, by
Jut were tormrd of
ne was lull publilh-
:nablc the Co.npany
enter into a d;rcit
Uid ChiHM, in which
ported by the Frwica
an VI. under whoi'e
."e.

is Favour, their Af«
lat ihere Ireins to be
Cue their Trade con-
age both to the I'ro-
d the Danijb Nation
licrabie, thtir Ltcdit
I, Yards, and IJwk*
^hcir Silts are very

generally luul two
■ ludi*iy and receive
ncc : So tiiat, on the
t this Comiary »t!-
viry tev* Yiais, thry

1 ia«k to ih: Ejji-

Chap. II. Tf^^ H'iflory of the Swalilh-C^ompany, 6?r.

981

r a Marttime P*e»*

oj tb* prfpnt Ccm-
iy, and an Atrtdg'
'/marks.

HcdHexoofhn Age.
ion WW the Welfare
iir.dd the Project ot
ai-:i Ifom i'ttrJrt* di-
fi:\\, by Letters Pa-
jx Uotktelm the i+th
trmany prevented ihc
Items to have dicU

•>cd U.
i. Chrijim-i, cquaUy

a. and CwJWniP' "*
*• Or*<\;

Cirimlciir, wl.hh flie mani(c'ftid by rrri(»nirR her Crown flw IVi-frrcnrr to, und promote as far as in tliem lies, ths

to Ivr Coulin f /•«'•/« ''■''(//(irrt' .' 'I"!)'.' flic did not |no|r Hiiildin(r,, M.iiuit.i(fhircs, mid Pro<lucc of Sufditi. The

nifr« h'T Kathii's Projed, yet (hewed rhf f.iiiv Willinn- laid Ship* fh.dl r.irry the- .S'a,vrt'f/& Flap;, and (liall be fiir-

111 r- he h.id doll'- to cniouraj»r ami rxriiul the Ti.idc of nillicd with Paf'.piirts ui-.dcr the King's ( land, as alfo from

her Sul'lciHs V ai'd thcrrforc fornud, and riMricd nuii l-'x-
tciitmn a Srhemc for cllablidiiiif; a C'oI'Miy in the /^^y?-
JiiilifK whiih, in fomc m .ifun-, was hiiuiglit to hc.ir,
'I he place thry fixed on w.is that Part of North-. hiinini^
piiw in our Poflt-nion, and ildrd tli'- PriiviiKc ol A'.;,
'In fey, where they (■llal)lifhed three Tnwiis, ( ItifliHd,
t!Ji>it>iiyib, and (tOtlenlioHr^h, out ^^ wliii h however
they were loon worked by the Diitih, who bi Ibiwed up
on this, and the adjacent Coiintiy, the Nann' ol Nr\.<-
Bel^io 1 t() that the TXTn;n ot fixing a I'r.idi.' in this Part
of the VVorlil Iroin Sweiini, was oveitiirneil uiiiUiU Mt
loon a"i it was (ormcd.

til'' H'piiblick of .Haters. The faid Company (ball be at
la'irif> to raife what Sum they think fit tor the carrying
oil then Coniinerce, Vy a voluntary Sublcriiition, or other-
wilc, as they think proper i and (iicli as (hall become Sub-
litili'is, (liall be olili!;ed to pay in their Money at the
Ti'nes prel'crilicd, on Pain of (orkiting their Intcrdl in
til'' laid Comineice.

I lie Company may tranfpoit what Ordnance, or fmail
Anns they think proper, as alfo Silver coined, or iincoin-
rd, Su-fili/f' Money only t xrcpted -, and may likewifc bring
fmrn the Jmlirs what kind ot (.jihhIs or Manufadiires they
think lit, without any K.'rtrii.'lii)ii whatever; the Vtllelsof

\Vc hear viry little from this Time of any Aftempti lli'' Company, when freighted, ready to (I'il, (lull not be

made by tli'.- S-.taki m regard to Commerce, wliuh mi(',lii, Hupped, or iiindered on any Pretence whattveri nor (liall

very jirobably, be owing to the Wais, in which the Mn- lliey, at their Ki turn, be impeded fiom tntering into the

narihsof that Country were enj^aged tiir many Yeaii al- Poii to which they are contigned. 'I'lic Gdo.ls of the

tcr, and whuh in a manner dilabl'.d both them ami th'ir llii'l Company may he tranfjiorted at their I'leafure, from

Siibjcds, from thinkin;; of, »m, at lealf, undertaking . my Place to I'lacr, within his Sxfdijh Majefty's Dominionf,

thing i»l this Kind i fo that M Europe ^ss (iirpri/.id at beiM|', lirH furnidied with pioper Paf'^in rts, without pay-

tlic News ot an Fajl huiut (.'ompany Uing (et up in iiij', any other Uuties than thofc before llipulatcd. I'he

H'Acden, abiAit fourteen Yeats ago,

2. It was the Kuin of thi: Oflnni Company, that
{irixiucid this F.llablilhmcnt , ot wIulIi one lliiny
/y.</«;»i^ was the chief Author, a rich Meri hanr, and tine
who had a true Notion of the Enjl- liitlia CnmiiKrcc.
He irprefeiued to the Minillry, that this was a viiy la.
vourablc Time to iindirtake a Thing ol this Sou j thai
there were a Moltitud- of I'laces in J/ni,i .iiul the lii,lit>
neglected by the Europfuns, who had conltantly lollnwed
•me the other, and had Icarce c vi.r undertaken to Ifiikc
out ot the common Road •, tint, iKliths all this, there
svere Numbers of Perfor.s, that, by the nilliiliiiion o| the
inHici'ul Company of the hc't'irlandi, wen rhiown out
of BoliiKls and Bread, and, whith was worli', de| nved ol
the Mians ol r turning into thfir own Ci untiy, by the
Steps taken to hinder the (Jjitml ScK'iety from caiiying on
their Trade ; that, cc rfcq lertly, there could be noihinn
eaiier than to prcK'ure jvoptr People fur carrying this
Commerce on, and fixing it in lui h a Manner as not to lie
liable to any H.;/ird, either ot Lots by I'ladc, or ()|ipi.li.
lion fiom uth: r Powers.

This Propolition king m.iiurt ly coiilidrred, ii wa' le.
folvfd to autliori/e this l/enry Kon:n^, to alUn lale liu h Pel
Ions as ihoiild be willing to contribute to his IXlgii', aiiil

Captains of the Comi)any's Ships, (hall have the fame
Power lor maintainin;.', niliiplinc amongit their Crews, as
the Captains of the King's .Ships-, ard withicfpedl to Trade,
they tliall conform to the Inlhu^ions given by Ihnry Koiiing
,\tv\ Company, provided always thole Inllriictions are not
t' po|',iiatit to the Priviledges granted by this Charter.

1 !ie .Seamen and Soliliers uitcred on Hoard the Com-
i>.t'i)'s .'^hips, (ball not be liable to be prtlTed into the
Kiiin'', or any other Service-, and on the other 1 land, ic
(hall not Ih- lawful f()r the Company to take into their
> rviee, any who (ball have deferred that of the Crown.
The Seamen and Soldiers belonging to the Siiips in the
t oitipjiiy's S-rvite, and deferting fr^.m it, may b-j appre-
h. rded and detained ; but according to the iil'ual iornis
ol l.,aw, and by tlie HantLs of the [jroper Officers. The
Ship', belonging ro the Company beii^g returned, and hav-
ing landed tlie Me.c'iandi/c on Board tiiem, the laid Goods
Ihall be Duty fue, excepting only a very Iniall Acknow-
Icili'mrnt to In paid (ipoii removing them.

I li>' I'crloir^ ai'tirg under tliis Charter, fhall conftantiy
I liiile out ot their own Number, at k.ut: three Director:.,
whn (liall be all Men ot liillinguillied Probity anti known
.Abihtiis, ot which the laid I/niiy Koii:»x Iball be one;
and in tale of his Dcmife, the Members of th;: Company

to grant them the following Privileges, l>y Virtue o| ,1 air direitrd atui impowered to make Choice of another

; I. The l<wiiig till reliy 1 nil
IS .Adoiui' ^, the I .iliiriy ol

(. iiarter, dated Jiiiti' 14,
cedes to lli»ry Kumiig ai

navigitiOg a\\<.\ tradii';' to the /•'<{/? buiu'i lor litleen \e,ii',
h'lm beyond the (kpc of Ctodllope to the Illaiids ol J,!
r<i, wheie-ever iliey foall think pioptr oi- convenient,
with tills Rethiclion only, that th' y Ihall not trade in any
i'ort Inlonging to any I'liie.e or Si.ife in Europe, without
liieii liie Ltave.ind Conlert lirlf h.id and oliiained. I li'-
Shij's e.T.pKiyed v; i!;is (.'ommeicr, flull contlantly i.ike in
ihcir l^ulior, al (>c:i:>il>f.:tn;l', to wliuh Poit they lliall
letorn with all th; Mi"ri lianili/e they bring home linm the

Peiliin 111 his .Stead, provi.led always, that tlielc tlirec Di-
li ^tors lliall be Natives of the Kingd.om of Sztrden, at
li'.ill naturali.'ed Sxidts, Proti Ihints ami relidcnt in the
King's Doirinions, unlels neieiranly alilcnt in lorcign Pans,
lor the Service ot theComparv, in which cafe the Proprie-
loi'. may lubllitnte another Direc'tor at Home. The laid
//f»»i;v KoMitr;, and his AlVociate', may make fiK it Regula-
tions tor the Maiugeintni of their Commerce, as they fhall
think I'roner, provided they Ix- agreeable- to this Charter.

I ill y lliall rend,er a taitlnul .\ccoiint to all tiie Perlbns
intetdleil, as Well of the Prolit and 1 .ofs, as of the Capi-

Etiji li:Jiri, and iball there laole tlu t.ime to lie pnbhckly lal ot the laid Company -, but they fbail not be oliligcd to

loki, as loon a conveninitly they i.iii. The (aid Jiciitv
Konrn^ an.l Coiopany, lliall pay to the Crown of Suedai,
during the luid (ifteen ^'cai". One huiulml Ualris pn
l.i'/l tor rvery Siup tin v t n.pli.y or lieijdit, lui h Ships l>r-
i;ig iu..Uurtd t> lore th' II De[>ariure from (ioiloil'uuij^h \,
whuh Money is tu Ik- jwiid within (ix Months alter the
(ate Kituin of the laiil Ship (roin thi Indies \ and thry
(hall l.ki-wili- p.iy two Dalrr. /.•» .'..yl^, 111 lull .SaiutaClioii
lor t!ie I .wo Duties.

i'lie laid Hiiny Koium an.l Company, may rmplov,
<-<]u'p, and arm as many ^eliels as they Iball think piop'i.
piovideo that thole Vcliels are built 01 bouttht in ilt,w,.'i/i,
and wluirrer ciTe is necrniiiy liir equipping and fiimilliing
them K lud in the H'.ved'jb DominionH Hut in 1 ale
this ihould l>c fouml at ;ir.y lime impractuible, thi n the
Compiiy m.iy p.ovide I'l.mlilves with Ships 01 what'
tvei cilL (hall l>e n iir.d 1 .'.lit. I a tin 11 I miimi ii 1 w In o

fvtr th'.y (hall thi'ik 1/, piuvi.!'

N I i! B 6".

alwa)^ iliil till y

oiuover the Names of their Subllribers, or tl-.e Sums they
liiblcrd'ed \ nor (hall they be obhged to proeUice, or lUtVer
then Books to be iid'pecied on any Pretence whatliever.
til cafe any of the Diredors (hall lind, tliac the lelf be-
liay their Secrets, or are guilty of any other Fr.iut
ot Mildemeanoiir, they may apply to the Boani of Tcide
Im Jutfice and Reparation, and upon due Proof, fuch Ot-
li-mler (hall be rufpended or degraded from ids C^flice
of Diruior, ami the Company lliall be at Liberty to chulir
.iinitnti in his room.

In like Manner, it any of the Proprietors ih.d! find, that
ilu- laid Henn Kcmni;, and the relf of the Dneclois be-
tray their Tiiilt, or arc guilty of any Fr.iudi, they may
make the fame Application, and obtain the fame Redrels.
I he l.iid l/tiiiy K()ii>{z a;;d l onip.iny, may employ wli_:
Number ';t Supercargoes, Otic rs, Marinets or Soldiers,
they (hail think lit, euher 6:ilJi-s or Foreij.'ne:;. who,
on ihti; I ving !o employed, Ihall cnjo) C. lame Pi iv;-

'g^^

he I Itjloiy 1/ /^i.y.v. ceil 111- ( ••111 pal u , vj:^*',

liouk 1.

&'■ 1-

fv . !

IJgfS, a< if il'.fy wfrf lH)rn S'xeJt.<\ ami tlu- Moniy nu-
|iIoyril, iithrr by N.\iivc» or 1 orngncrs, in ihi- t.ipiial
ol this Coniiuny, (hall not be lublc Cd any Scoppjjjf or
Rfi/.urr.

Suih IVrl'on^ ai arr intcrtllal in, cr i ni|Ioycil by the
Comi-any, fluM Ik naturali/id atioului^ to thtir rrljKCtivc
Qiialiiifs ui>un thur a|'|'lyinn tlicnililws to tlic King lor
llut I'lirjxifr. I'hc faul Hcnn Koinig ami Company, anil
fin.h as are auili<pti/.M', or cmploynl by thftr, in lalc tiny
an molillal. or ilnhitlKi! in their (.(iinnicric, by any
iVrlun, or in any I'ait ot the WorM whativcr, (ball liavr
tul! HowtT Innn his M-ijiHy, ti> obtain amj-lr Jiilbce ami
S.iti»lai'tion, by all coiiviniciu MciIkkI". . aiul IliaH Ik- at
I.ilxrty til oi)jx>lc' Force by l"oac, anil to confiilcr luth
DilhiiUrs as Pirates ami Incmiis to the |niblitk iVacc.

Mis MjjcHy viill grant them thrle Powers tlpciialiy

in luth Lomnull'ions as thiii Tajtains Ihall receive; ami

>n Lair, notwitlllanilin^ thty Ihoiilil Ix- atiaiked, anil I'uf-

fVr any Injury, or Injullin trom any Nation whatever, in

the carrying on of this t'ommirre, his Mai-.l'y, iijxjii iliic

I/ifornution thereof, will i;rant them his high I'mtiftiori,

ami endeavour to proiiire tor them fjirrily aiiJ am|il, Sa-

tisfaition, either by way ol Ke|Ti/..il, or ttherwile. Die

jell of the Sublet* ol the Ciown ot Suolfii, ate rxprrlly

ITDitib.ted, aiid forbii! to engage 111, or iiitetleie with the

J laJe ol the fail! Compaiy, under Pain ol his Ma|elly\

)iii;h nifplealiire, and the Conliliration of their Villi Is and

FlVtc\s. I h:- Kirg promifts to alter, or augment ihdc

J'riviliilges, ujiin Application frum the Comjuiiy, as ol-

trn, ar.J in Imli Mar.ntr, as fluil be tour.d neccll'ai) tor

promoiiiig ihc Trailc to the h.iji- hiJifi, and the Intetcll

of the Pcrlbns concerned therein. This Charter is laid to

Iv granted by the King in the Senate, which I'lirali. I

tike to be pretty much the f.niK- ssith ours, ol the King,

by and with the Advice of his I'rivy Council.

I have ilwrit the lorger ujx)n this Chatter ol tlie ^uf-
dr/h LajllnjiJ Compaiy, iKcaulc 1 have hranl it admirvd
a.' one of the bcrt drawn, and \k\\ contrived Piect-s of its
kind, mote e(j>rcially, Inraulc all the I'owcrs therein,
are fuch as, (Iricily IjKak.n^;, concern Commerce Abtu.l,
and art not calculated to give the Company, or its Direc-
tor", too much Power at Home, l>ecaiilr it lubjech them
to tiic Board of 1 rade, or, as it is caL'ed in SueJen, the
Colicdgc of Commeiic, whuh confids ol the Prefidrnt ui
the Trcafury, and four Counlellors, who hear and detcr-
miiw whatever i ernes l)efore thrni in a fummary \\ ay,
according to the Laws ot the Kii'iAdom, and the general
.Maxims ot Lcjuity. Tlure wtn (-/rat lxj>cCtations form-
ed ol this C"om|Mny lor vaiious Rralons ; i-irll, Hecaulc
chcy hai! all the Powers grantal them that they lould rea-
fo.'iably exjx^t, i^r dtl'irr. Secondly, Iktaulc they were
not limited in tliiir Capital, but allowed to raile fuch Sums,
arid in lech a Mannei, as they ihail itlcrm moft lor their
Bcnttit. 'I'liirdiy, Irom ihcit Uing prohibited from 111-
tcrfcrmg w'ith tl.c Conimcrce of otlur .S'aiioiis, .11; ! there-
by runiiing themlclvcs and their Cotintry 'ntu Ditfituitics
ami Dilputts I'ourthly. liom their having the King's
Protection lioired to tiwiu, in Inch a Mannci, aiid loi
fuch Purpotcs, A\ might lervc to anl.vrr ail good l.nds,
without invoivirg the Ciowu ol S'u,(,ltH in a^s Controvcr-
fics with the Miiititi'i! l'()Wt;s, or any other oi her Al-
lies. Ani', I ilily, Br.aufc liijm the Naiuie nl the pic-
f nt Conditutiun in iuv./zn, there lecmed tu i>c as high
Security for the Properties ot luch as interrllcd thciiiklv«.'>
ir this .-MTair, as in any ochrr Country wtuicv> r.

riiclr I jtpcctations were likrwilr hiighfened by the
Comjianj's .Meeting with no l).thirbaiici, or l>[>|iofitioi\
Irom lumgii Power, who 'usthrr knowir.g wiu the Sub
knl-crs were, or lu wli.a their Sublit.ptiuiis amounted,
were the Ich alarmed by dm new Conipai.y ; and Ix-fidts,
tcring themlrives feiurc from ary ApptcliciiliuDs of their
lutcricring w:th ilic Tta k alicaily ellabhllicd in the Kajl
Indit:, \wxu\ :! more diffiiull t(» afligii any rational Caulc
ot Con.piaint , tu wlucii wi- nay awJ, thai the Company
going on very lluwly at tiic I5ri;iiiiiiiig, ami being a long
Iimc belorc tliey complcatcii rheir Subli riptrfxii, or prc-
i . J to fit out Ships li'r the hilits, it was grncraliy Ik--
licvcd, buili Ml lingUnA am; lliiiii>id, that liie iJcliiin

wouki comi tu nothing, and the Company would vami
ol itltll. '

,-. But though the Autlior of this Dellgn, M. //,„„
KoniMg, and his AlltKiatcs, were not li.itly m cquiiii,!,,,.
Ships tor the liJui, yet tiny look lare to provide ilun,'
ItlvfS in every reljieii with what might be louml ikulljry
tor carrying on their .Si heme with Suci els. Mity built
for this Purjx)fe, two very luge and llioiig .Sliips, uue
called alter the King, ll<f IrtJtnd, the otiicr by ih,;
Name ot the Cilieen, lb( V.'rtij. I hclc they luriiillud
in luch a Manmr, as tube ci|ually tit tor Ir.uii-, or |„,
Dctencc. They made Choke ot luch Sn(>cruiui)<s
as had not only ellablilhed ChiiaCters boih lor llonelly
and .Abilities but were hkcwile wdl vcrli d m the uiiti-
lular Bulinels in which rluy were to be employnl, auJ
Men of Ix[)ericnce m the I rade to China , tiny proceeilej
with no Ids Caution in the Choice ol tluir O.'iiirrs a(,>i
Manners i and tho' tluy linnt juil two Viars m inaki!!!;
Preparations, yit that I ails ot Time was very will lou,.
pei.lated by the l.xat'tnels witii whuh thole Pieparatiur.j
were made -, lb that at the lime their Mii|>s Icit the I lar-
Ixiur ot (iotttiihcurj^h, they were as well a)uippcil, .ii,il in
all reljKtts as complcatly lumilheel lor an liijt liJu \ ,;,.
agr, .IS any that were employed in th.»t I'raile I y i!ic M4.
iiticv l'i)Wir>, and the lame Care and l)ili;;eme thiy li.ne
uled evir lincc i to that it may, with great Iruih ix IjkI,
that as fcarce any Company svas Ix-itir cllal)lillird at titll
lb the .AlLiis of none have [•in hitherto Inlter loijdiictiil.
1 heir lirll Wjyagfs, t!i< ii,;h not attv-n(!(vl with lo niuu'i
Profit as might have U-en cxpedtcd, were howt ver lulf.
ralily luneMul, an. I t!ir Company ttlablilh .1 ih.ir facto-
ry on the Kiver ot CiiUon m (J'ln.i, with the Conlint of
the Chinfff, who hem to be very well plialc d with tlul«
new Corner', and every Way dili<olal to lavour and j)ro-
moir their Trade i lo that lliey wcic vriy loon on the
lame looting there svnh other Aurff/ciw Nations. At
Home, indeed, tluy nut svith lomc I )itfiiulius •, for the
Company being ol)ligecl to make I'le ot a j'.n at many lo-
rcigncrs in all Capacities, lor the Ixrltir ca/iymg on of
their Trade, and there being no Nation 1:1 iuropt natu-
rally more lealous of Foreigners tSan the .''xc./c/, thi< oc-
calioiud a great Clamo'.ir, cfjsrcially among the commu/i
IVopk-, whiih, howivir, was in fjme Mialure got over,
by pubhiliing an Order, that at leall 'Fwci-tliinls of the
Manners Ihould be fur the future Nativts ot the Kinu;-
dom i and as the tjcccuiion of this Order was apjiarentlv
attcnilcd witli Dilficullies and Inconveniencie*, it convinced
even the Vulgar, of the. r full Millakr, Ai\A t!ut tho Coin-
|uny !ud done no mote than what they wire warranted
t(i lio by their Charter, ami what the C'ircuiiillances of
their AtTairs, more cipeually at the Btginniiu;, icndcted
not only exp.tdicnt, but necelVary.

S;nce that Time, the Surii/l} Comjiany havi- Ix-en very
regular, both in fitting out then S!iip», and 111 their Re-
turns which, by Uing luld to 1 ureicners, hav^- bi>)u;',ht
Ml great Sums of .Nloiwy ro the Kingdom i yet, inaiimich
as a great Pan oi tins Money has been exixjitid again,
for tlir carrying on this Tiadc, a new Complaint has Iven
ireatrd theieliy, in reljxit to the Silver iarii;d to the l:,ijl-
InUiei. Wc mrd the let-, wuiulei at tins in S.Ci.L>i, k--
I auk-, tho' the Piadi- ot the Kingdom is not Ury^v, yrt ic
priAJuics aniiualiy a conlulcraule Balance in ready Money,
as is known ix(>crinicntally he.e, lime it is known, that
Two tjiirds ot ih:- 1 lA '- we larry on thither, is managed
with ready Money oiuy, and it is alfu pn tty much the
lani'- 1 iiing with otlin Nations who tr.uf- tliit'ier, the
heth only exirpted, svho have a HaLi'ice in I'uir lavour
trom tlie Sxaiet, which, huwevet, has u,i.ii!iia!ly grown
lets and. Ids, in Proportion as ihcy^iavr taken more r.aval
Stores of late Vtats, than thry did lormcrly, .iiid as their
Subiidy-trcaties hung in coufKlrralilc Sums to SivaUa, or
at leall keep il.c Money there, that would othersMie be
employnl in liifcharging th-.- Ilalamc ot TiiJi-i lo tliat
the .y.itdei being uird tu Kc goat Sums of .Mint-y brought
in by every otl-.ti Branch ot Commerce, and Ixmg not lo
imnxdiatdy aiquainted with tlir Profits aniiiig trom t'lis,
arc the Ids ihlpolcd to confidcr it as advanta^eou-.

I'lon

chap. II. Ihc Hijlory of the Sucdilh-C.uinpany, £;,^6.

9^'.

wuh .Nuorls. 1) 1,^,1/
I'.y ami 1,.,,,^ .Si„,„, .^„'

■'I'ulJy ht .,.r ,>.u,,. ,, J
''^' «'• luili -SniiaurKu-.
'•"■•••■'ttn l»„l, lurlUclly

were to U- cn,,.loyn|. .^j

-dukc ol tlinr Ow.ws mxA
t Juil two V, j,s in nukiim
I •nu- was Very wi|j ,„,„^
I which thou- l'ir|uratiur,,
K- «lK-ir Ships Idt (hi- liar.
■H- .IS well aiuippcJ, ,„^j,„
Ihal (or ail E.ijt l,Jui V^y.
'I >n that I'rad.lyihrMj.

•irc ami l)i].;;,.nicthty have
^vuhgrl•at Truth k- laul,
Ifitir cllaWillicd at hrll

hillurto Utter (f),,diHt(il '
nu attcmi.vl wuli io „)„J.,
H«Slal, were howt vt r tulc.
any rllabliOvcl ih.irlacu*.
^'in.i, with thrLoiihnt <,f
ny well rl-al,.iNv,thihtic
litj-olal to (avour ami pro-
y weic vtiy um\ on the
r Eurcffjn N'atiom. At
Iodic Ditfiruiiksj for the
;c I'le ot a j'.rtat many lo-
ll>e Ixrtttr canying on ot
u> Nation 1:1 I urope lutu-
. tSai) the yj.-(Jc!, this oc-
i lally ainoni; the comnitj/i
n lofiic Mtalure };ot over
It leail Twc-t'iinii ot the*
:iirc iN'ativts ot the Kint;-
this Orilcr was ap|iaient';y
on\Tmen(i(A, it KJiivinuJ
i(!ake, aiul tliat the C uii-
khat they wire warrant -il
hat the Cirtuiiillanus ot
the iJfginniiH:;, iciuleitj
y.

Com|)any have Ixrn very
r Shijn, anil m their Kr-
■orei};ners, havi- l)i.ni|',ht
vini;i).jMi i ycr, inaiiim'(.h
las been rxixjitctl again,
new Lofuplaiiit hai Ix-eri
Silver torrifj in the Eajl-
I at till', in S.i'iMii, l)e-
■i^loili is not lafj^e, yet it
JalaiKe in r^aJy Mcjiuy,
hiue It i\ ki;owii, that
' on thither, n iiianajjitl
IS alio pretty much the
who traJe thit'irr, the
lUlance in their lavour
t, has giailiially grown
Wiave taken more luval
.1 (ortiierly, .nu! as their
l)lc iutiis to .V.vfi!ia, or
lat woiiM othtrwile be
nee ot J'laJe ; I'o that

I Fpoii thele Cirotinils, a Report \)i% been lately raiKi!,
gs il the riivilci'.se.s ot this h.ijl- India Company would
be liillereil to expire next Year, when their Charter ile-
termim s which, no doiibt, would be anreeal)lr, not on-
ly to tilt inmh aiui Danes, but to tiie Mantiinc I'owers,
who lind tins Company dctriiticntal to them, by the Sale
o> Its C«mmo<liiies Iroin the Indies, (jver all the North,
tho' till y lit) not interfere with them much, by their Man-
ner ol carryinn on their I rade in the luiji. The Com-
pany, however, arc laid to have prepared a very long ami
lurunis Keprelentation to the Senate, in order to waril ofV
this Blow, and to procure the renewal ol their I'riviledgri
ti/r Hlieen Years more, in which they infill, that this ve-
ry Apjilitation is a liiHicient Motive lor obtaining thiir
KeqiK II, and lati«fying all who an [to be latistieil, by rea-
ton of the Advantages relulting from thtir Commerce.

I'or, as they oblerve, very little, and indeed, Icaree
any ot the Returns made by the Company have been dif-

poled ol III .■iii'ideti ; to that it tlic I'fopri^ors of the Com-
jiaiiy are (iainers thereby, as they nii.H be, or tlicy would
not be ilellrous ot having their Chartir nntWfi I, this Gain,
whatever it is, mull be drawn out ot other Countries, and
a» the I'ropritiors rclide m Sweden, itnill conlqucntly be
to much clear (jain to the Nation. What the llFuc may
be of this Reprelcntation, and how far the .Senate may b<'
prevailed upon thereby, 'lime will Ihtw j but we may
venture to atlirm, that it popular Notions fhoukl gi t the
better v\wn this Otcalion, anil the Swedtjh Company fliall
be fuftered to expire with their Charter ntxt Year, it is
highly improbable, that any Attempt of this liirt Ihould
be again made in that Countiy, where, at the H.ginning,
it can only be undertaken by I'oreijviers, and wiare, al-
ter fuch an I'.xamplc as this would be, no loreign Mer-
chants woulil Ik- fo indiftrcet as to undertake it, tor tear
ot being treated a fccond Time in this Manner.

CONCLUSION.

Al'' T E R having t!nis- deduced the I lillory of the
Eaj]- India Commerce from the earliell Accounts
that are prelerveil ot it, ilown to the prelent
'J ines, and purfued it throuyh all the fcvcral Nations
among whom it has llourillieJ, there is nothing now kit
for me to do, but to perform the I'ronufe I made of lliew-
ing, that the common and received Notion, that, taking
all Things together, this ComnKrce 'is highly prejudii ial
to the Europeans in general, is very ill grounded, and no
better than .v\ erroneous Opinion, taken up for Want of
thoroughly examining, or, at Icafl, ot ptrfecUy unJerfland-
ing the Subjcft. But to place this Matter in a clear Light,
it will be full of all necdary to Hate the Objeiftion fully
and fairly, that it may appr;u- we know what we arc
aljout, and i!o not pretend to )udge of what we have not
thoroughly conlideitd.

J'he Ob'nction then, wh^n lit in the flrongell Light,
vsill Hand tlu^. It is an incontelKibk- Maxim with rrljiei'l
to Commeice, tliat Silver is the only true .iiul certain
Mtalure of Wealth , and as we export yearly vail (^lan-
tnies ol Silv.r from Europe tor Indian doods and M.mu-
f.iLtures of kttle intrinlick Value in tlumlelves and which
arc .ill in a (hort Time eonlumul here, it follows that the
Trade from Europe to the /«..'/(■.■, mull be a lofing Trade
to the former, lince we- ex|>oit Bullion and import Bau-
bles 1 wlurelore, if the Eurpi'in I'rinces and States would
Icrioully and impartially conlicler this, inllcid of encou-
raging tlie letting up new E.i/llndui Companies, they
would al'oMli the oki, and I'ecure the Wealth ol thiii Sub-
jects, b) banilliiiig a Commerce Id delhuctive as this is,
out ut their Dominions. 'This then is the Ohiecboii that
I ant 10 overturn, and, I mull couttis that Id tar as I am
accjuainted with the Matter, I am the tirll who have
thought It pollible to overturn it •, but, however, no Tiiith
is kis a Tiuth lor beiiii,'; new, and the Argument from
Authority a.;ainll Realon a;ui Lxperiencc, is Id little a{'ni
able to the Cienius of t.'ie prelent Tinus, th.it it I have the
latter 111 my Favour, 1 have r.o great Realon to be in
Pain alout the former. But, howevir, to make the Road
the i.ilier, it may not be amih to premile lomewhat as to
the Origin of this Notion.

When fijme ingeniiHis I'eil'ons uniliitook the Defi-nce ot
the E.iji- India Commerce in partiiuLir Countries, and
t'.iind lliemlilves preired with the liill Tart ol the Oljec-
tion, th.it the Nation wa^ iirpoverilhed by the Txpoita-
tion ot Silver, they, to Ihoiten the Dilpute, agreed that
this ni:;-,lii Ik- inn, .Wi to t!ie Commerce to l!u- /w./.vj in
general, antl yet w.is no luilicient Argument to j'tove
this 'Ti.iile iTejuilKi.il to .my Nation in p.iiiiiular, bic.iuli,
it thai N.itum, by (xpoiimg to ctiiers a eeitain Troiior-
tiiti ol tli;ir Ketiin -^ In 111 the /«..•;', brou[;ht in tu'tii
llie BaLie.tc of that 'i'lauc, a mm li j.',reater l>iMiU;ty ot
Silvri than they caiiiivl out, liivn it v..e> j lam, tiut tlij'

Europe in general might lofe by this Trade, yet it might,
and indeed mull be, highly beneficial to the particular Na-
tion by which it was carried on -, betaulc it proved the
Means of producing a Balance in her Favour, which other-
wile fhe coukl never have obtained. I do allow, that in
arguing thus, they argued very right j but, I prelume to
lay, that, in giving up this I'oint, they did what was fre-
quently done, that is, they argued right from wrong
Principles ; and, as I do not blame them for taking this
Methoti, becaufe, with r(l[«.cC to their Subjcd, it was
the fhortell and moll expeilitious Method they could ta!;ei
fo, I hope no body will blame me, if, after taking lb much
Pains, and entering fo deeply into the general I lillory of
this Commerce, I declare abtbkitely, that this Point ougiit
not to have been given up, and that there is no better
l-oundation for alierting, that the 'Trade to the Indies in
general is prejuduial to Europe, than for maintaining that
It is diladvantageous to tliofe particular Nations fuch, for
I'.xample, as England and Holland, and wlio manitt;llly
owe their Wealth and Maritime Power to their Succela
in this 'I'rade.

In the lirll PLicc then, I fay, that it is the fame thing
with regard to Europe, as with re;;ard to any particular
Nation in Europe, as to the total Balance of Commerce ;
and if a lofing Commerce be ablolutely requilitc on on.*
Side to produce a lucrative Commerce on the other, then
the Lois fullainei! by that Commerce, is no good .-Xrgi;-
ment againll it. But moll evident it is, that lince the
Europeans have cajried on an extenlivc Trade to the Enji-
Indtcs, then Mantitaciures, Shipping, arid Commerce in
general, have Uen very much extended •, fo that from the
time the Pcrtu^neze dilcoverrd the I'alTage b)- the Cape of
(joud-Hope, the bace ot Europe has been entirely changed,
and we have grown intiiutely more conliderable in conina-
nfon of other Parts of tin- World, thaiti||^ were belure.
Bi:t,to come clolerto the Objection as totliel'i)intof cx]iort-
iiig .^ilver. If tlu- Commerce to the [■..■;l-lnd:ci has drainetl
mot many Millions otintrinfick Wealth, as I readily admit
it has, I ilefire to know bow we came by them ? 'The
Aniwcr will Ix- at every Reader's Tongue's Lnd, from
///«ir;(<j and the // ij/?-/«i/;Vj. Burthen, give me Leave
to alls again, 1 low came we to lin 1 out tiufe .' The An-
Iwer to this will unriddle the whole Mylleiy, fince every
Body knows it was by tearching out a new F.ilVage to the
Eajl- Indies. It therclore, by carrying on the Commerce
of the Eujl- Indies, we have fallen ujion another Com-
merce, which not only fuppliis Silver fuiftiiet-t for the
Etij}-lnd:a 'Trade, but likewife brings in annually an im-
menk- 'Treal'ure belules, what Pretence is there tor fayii'g
that Eii)\'pt in general has been, or ever can be, a Lofer
by carrying on this 'Trade ? It appears tiom hence, that

Piovide.'ice excludes thele narrow Noti;

ana iv

y d.ivid-

ing the Trealures ot tiiis Woild in luch a Maiitur as to

nuke

■f f(>l

"^1 * .i

984

C O N C I. V s r O N.

/ ' '

\V'

m ,

m»kr ComfTf r< ♦■ lh« Intfitft of -ill K«tior«, li.ix pn.vi.lfd
#fln?tvitlly 4i;4Jnll lhi« IvipixilWI l>il ut Irivliny till wt
iMVf iKMiiioj; He 10 frmic wich.

But. brfi.'rs this wr ov»i iiury <A\\tT unjt Ailvsiin-
IP* to thi» Coirmnicc 111 thr l--ill. I«r, in ihf lirl* PU<r,
it i» the grf»f Sii|i|Kirt olih ' Maritime I'owrr oi /•,»►#/•/ »
it nukri m Millers ot all other iVt< ot ll»« C»l.iJw, wln^
if it hail WH Ixfn for ,ii» Majiiihh- I'owtr, »Pi/hi, I<»«>k
•P<\ havr Nth Mal> s of (i«. I^t any Man«.m(iiicr itK"
wi>'c DillVfTntf, in i omt ol |)i»n»i(m.»i, NumlH-r ot Suh
^ctfl^, ami whatrvfr rWr i«>ntrthuic< to Cirjnilcur, iKtwrrn
the little RejiuMick of //.>/i'»'f and the prcit I niiirr* uf
f«f/K, I'tffia a«vl /«.//*•. aul rcmemlxr that tliii Com-
mtTCv ha« rviuli if f a C»>in|>.if.y in that little Repiiblick, lor-
iiiulabk- to all th< fe Rtrat ami mi^;hty Km|>irci, ami capable
of iraintaininp hrillU, ami |'f<itr«iliii|; li< 1 Contcrni agaiiid;
themall. An«ltlir'i!it inealkhim.iltKs nutthiiplamly Jhrw
l!ic |nijH)/tancc of itm Commercr, anJ that it wai 4 very
wite anil right I'hin;; tu pmiiiiitc aiul < iKuuraBe it : Can
ehtre Iv a cicifr ami (U.winir rXiiKH.IIrainm than thi%
Irttni Rear.>ni frum tsj-imwe? Ot tiiiKht we not falcly
rtO t!.e I'n nt Irrc, v*ith>iut running into any latthrr Confi-
liciationi { 1 u.«u lay, cvciy tiiioiul ami i;,t( llipr nt Rea-
der, *ill tonlrls we mighi , jnd yet, »or ihe liectir c«-
pbirirg th,- Matter, 1 am »ontcnt to gortill a little farther.

The only AiiiWcr tha: can l* given f>) this or, in other
\Vori.!«, the only Mean lift lor luii^Niriing thii Oojedlion,
is to rur(K'ic, ihat iri^e.n! ol two or tlircr, all, or the
gtiJttft I'ait if the Nation* in Enrepr, fhoiiKI tall into
dii» Commerce, by which Mrain the l-.xjxirtation of Sil-
ver wouIJ be txtravj}-,antly cucrcafeil, aul, confiqurnily,
the ln.iin Lc valll/ tn;.chcd at the Kxi>cncc ot /lor. r
At firll Si{{ht t1ii$ fteiiM to be very clear anil plain, tmi
ciofely ronfiJrrcif, the Supj ofition i» very fallacious i tor,
if the I'owcii at prefi' it inicrc lei! ir, this Cominrrce, brinj;
home as much of the Indian Goik)» ami Manuradiirc* a»
frrvca'l EvfD/^, then tiicre is alrcaJy as great an i-.xix)rta-
tion of Silver as coulJ hapj<n, if this Siip|K>rition took
Flare, aiu! ihc or^ly real Confetiuence that couKl happen
fiom the Fjctcnfion ot this Commerce hoiiIJ be this,
that the J rtfcnt I'oflcflbrj cf the India Traiic WinilJ be

ilqiiivcil ol tlieir l»f»>tit», ami eveiy Nation woiiM impott
as nuiih «> (iiiImiiI it<rll, 4tv| no m«te. Ihis, | Uy, wiH
ft- the only Conkmin cr, with it\yvt\ to the V.vil upprc.
hriulri) \ Uit other ConlrqutmTt tlirrr ii.i|<ht, An<\ Vml\
W nviiiy. Uit paituuUrly tjule JV riling t)» u^^ .
Spirit ot I'raile w«>ut>t necrlTatily proilucr n> vt P liove-
ri.s, inatinuih as 11 wotilJtK-git new Mar om« i'(.«/c,i
The SttukfTH- India wwiki be then wplorr.;, »% well ai
ihr f.u^, 411,1 thole Cotwtriri that are now hicl Iroin ut
wi'uM l>ec(>nH- ai well known as ihi CoalU ol MaUiartn*[
Leriomtndii. V.WHUU N^nuiii v»i ulU, m thu Cafe, riiher
liml or loree a I ra^ie to Japm, an^l the Ctnintrit^ I'xyond
it. I'he lynuh A'.))^ /«•//« ConiiMAy wouh! tx obligeUiii
o|irn her trcrti ktl«Hlrl(^ ami imlemnity herfelt l>y 4
Iratie to Nrvt-Gwntm, lor the l/iHe» fuftamed by other
Natiuni intrrlrni.g in lirr TraJe id the Imittt. Ami thiu
irl'.eail of weakeninij, or iinjwvrrilhiri^ Aarc/r. uus very
Ihing will prove the Mrani ol making her inttniirlv r-.-h-
cr, gieater, and more |H»wertiil than Ihe now n, and
miijht take away the lemptati- i which miHead her Mo-
narchs into auarirlling ami dcltmying each otheti Sub-
icfts alioi • hovinees, liarcr w.,ithy of being cxjmpared
to the niighiy |-.mpir. », that hv tlir Help ot Comnurct
and Maiitiiiir I'owrr, tlwy might Ihareamon^thtmldvei,
It is one Thing to ixmfuier the Trade ol a particulir
Nation, to argur m lavour of it, and to point out the
Means ol protecting or impioving it, and quite another
to latini li out iiil'> fmh wide Knqiiiriet ai thefe. The for-
mer may, iiulml KmH, Ik- coiiduCfcil by ti r narrow and
confined Notions ol Imman I'olicy \, for the Advantagrt
ol pjiiiiular SiKiriiri imitf refult tiom the Contrivamet
ol |)4iii>ular Men. But wSen we quit th«-le, andconfiJer
Things only in general, the Scene changei, the Proffieft
enlarges, and we find otirfrlvet toft in the View of thofe
proilij^iotis Ueneiji«, whkh the Wifdom and (»oodrefs of
an infinite Bjinghas placed withirt the Reach andCapacitiei
o( human Kind. I fiete, though wedifcern,it is impcflible
we Ihoiild comprehend, and therelore we t>cight always 10
l'.;l^>e^i luch mean ai >i narrow l*rinciples ai would perluade
us that right Mrafures may l« purfued too far, or rhat
the ririicll I'rul'ccuttun of Good (hould run m upon Evil

*(1l

'i -K

\ ':)

•■• •*

The END of the FIRST VOLUME.

»n wojilit impoff

""N I <•!), Will

ihc I'.vil ;ip|)fc.
H'tt, .tn.1 wtMiM
'iling i.» Inch «
■«• n>v> I'luive-

vesl, a^ well at
>w hul Ironi u,,
ol MaUi.ir irn[
lUuLiU, fithrr
<»untrit. Ixryotul
I'i he obliged ii>
»y herfcll hy 4
\.iincil by otiicr
1*1 Ami thui,
*riift. jAis very
:r infiiiitf Jv tK}^.
c now ii, and
niflfid her Mo-
ich otheti Sub-
bcin^ compwcj
1> o\ C'omnurct
lonij thcmklvei.

of • particular
i point out the
k1 quite another
hflc. The for-
the narrow and
the Aiivama-^n
he C'ontriv4me»
•>f, and conf il( r
,ei, the Proffrft
c View of thofe
id Goodreft of
h andCapacitiei
1, It is impoflible
trtight always to

would perhutic
too far, or (hat
I wupon Evil