IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^ A (/ **' i^a 1.0 1.1 |iO ^^ ■■■ lU u ■ 4.0 IL25 III 1.4 1^ ^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRiET WnSTIR.N.Y. 14SM (716) •73-4503 '^ ^ A ^ 4^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquat at bibliographiquaa Tha Instituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may aignificantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. L'Inatitut a microfilmi la maillaur axamplaira qu'il lui a M postibia da se procurar. Las details da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra uniquas du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifier una imaga raproduite. ou qui pauvant axiger una modification dans la mAthoda normala da filmaga sont indiquAs ci-dassous. D Coloured covers/ Couverturo da couiaur D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur D Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagte D Pages damaged/ Pages endommagias D Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurAe et/ou pellicula D Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurAes et/ou pelliculAes D Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque r~VPaOM discoloured, stained or foxed/ IJ^ Pages dAcolories, tachaties ou piquies D D D Coloured maps/ Cartes gAographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encra de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Rail* avac d'autres documents Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutAas lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans la texte, mais, lorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont pas iti filmAas. D Pages detached/ Pages ditachtes rrv Showthrough/ Li^ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Quality inigala de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du material suppiimantaire Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Las pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont Atb8cured by errata een refiimed to nage/ lartiellement d'errata, une pelure, veau de fa^ on A possible. 30X 1 2 3 y 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 C BO RG E 1^. GEORGE the Second, by the Grace of G^d, A'/«/ 0/ Great Britain, Frincc, tnd hth Defender tf the laith, &c. To All to vihom thtfe VrtfentsfMl come, Greet mg. WH E R E A S Our tnifty and well-beloved 7btms fVboiwardy Atrtn tVard, Samel Birt^ Dmtltl Brn nomas Ltngmti, Hemj inHriJge, Jma Ht4gis, and Btnjmm 7W, Citizens and Booklclien linden, have, by their Petition, humbly rcprclcntcd unto Us, that they have been at very g Expcncc and Labour In procuring and purchafing Books in all Languages, and in having the £ tranflatcd, and properly digcftcd, lor Improving and Condnuing a moft Ufeful and Comprehcnfive Work, intituled, Navigantium atque Itinerentium Bib'.iotheca : Or, A Complete CoUcAion of Voyages aiui Tr aveli Cn0ing of abtvt Six hunirti tf the mft autbtntU Writers, beginning mtb Hacki-uit, PuacHASS, tSc. in End Ramvsio, Alamanpini, Carreri, 6fr in Italian-, Thevenot, Renai'dot, Labat, Wf. in French; De Bi Gryn/eus, Maffevs, £j?r. in Latin; Herrera, Oviedo, Coreal, Wf. in Sjwnifli-, and the \ o\ Act* under Direilien oflbe East-India Compavv in Holland, in Dutch ; Tegttber witbj'ucb clber Hiftorics, Voyages, Trai tr Diicoveries, as art in General EJitem, vtbetbir jmblijbed in Engiifh, Latin, French, ItaUan, Spanifh, Portugi High and Low Dutch, er tn any ether FAiropean Language ; Containing vuhaievtr has been obferved IVortby of Nolit Europe, Afia, Africa, and America, in rtfpeil to the Extent and Situation tf Empires, Kingdoms, Provinces, &c. Climate, Soil, and Produce, whether Animal, Vegetable, tr Mineral, of each Country •, Ukevife the Religion, Mam Mnd Cnfttms tf the fneral Inhabitants, their Government, yfrts and Sciences, publick Buildings, Mountains, Rti Harbours, Sec. illuftrated by frtptr Ouns, Maps, and Cats: To which is prefixed a Copious IN TRODUCr II etmprebendingtbe Rift and Progrefs of the A%r cffiAViCATios,and its fucceffivt Imprcvemcnts, together with th Invn andUfe of the Loadstone, and its Variation: Originally publijbed in Two Volumes in Folio, by John Harris, D F,R.S. Now carefully Rtvifed, with Large ADDITIONS, and Continued down to the Preftnt lime; tndu particular Accounts of the ManufaHurts and Commerce of tach Country : Which Work the Petitioners, with tl>c uti Submiilion, aj^rehend will be a Complete Body of Voyages and Travels, tending to promote the ManufuJt and Commerce of thefe Kingdoms, by Ihewing the vaft Advantages of Traile and Navigation in gcneril, and the M of Improving and Extending cur own in particular : And, being defirous of reaping the Fruits of their very { Eapence and Labour, and of enjoying the full Profit and Benefit that may arlte from Printing and Vending the U without any odjcr Pcrfon interfering in dieir juft Property, which they cannot prevent without Our Licence and teftion; the Petitioners have therefore moft humbly prayed L's to grant them Our Royal Licence and I'roteflion, the (ble Printing, Publifhine, and Vending the faid Work, in as ample Manner and Form as has been done in C ^ the like Nature : We, uking the Premifcs into our Pnncely Confideration, and being gr»cioufly inclined to Encouragiment to all Works that may be of publick Ufc and Benefit, are pleifcd to condefcend to their Reqi and do by thefe Prclents (as tar as may be agreeable to the Statute in that Calc made and provided) grant to the nomas Woodward, Aaron tVard, Samuel Birt, Daniel Brewnt, Thomas Longman, Henry fVhitrutge, James Ho and Benjamin Dod, their Heirs, lixecutors, Adminiftraton, and AfTigns, Our Royal Privilege and licence, the fole Pnntmg, Publilhing, and Vending the (aid Work, duruig the Term ol Fourteen Years, to be comp ftom the Date hereof i ftnftly forbidding and prohibiting all Our Subjeas within Our Kingdoms and Dominiom Repnnt or Abridge the fame, either in the like, or any other Volumi- or Volumes whatlocven or to Import, . vend. Utter, or Uiftribute any Copy thireof reprinted beyond the Seas, during the atorcfaid Term of Fourteen Y without the Confcnt or Approbation of them the faid nomas IVood-xari, .hron IV.nd, b^amuel Btrt, Daniel Browne, mt Longman, Henry fVhitndge, Jams Hodges, and Benjamin Dod, their Heirs, Executon, Adminiftrators, or AfT by Wnong under their Hands ^d Seals firlf had and obtained, as they will anfwer the contrary at their Peril : Wh In ^^nS-**™" Ti,* n" ^'^f" ""■ ^' ^"""'"'' '^^ ^J*'^"' '^^'•"''«"'. »"'! tTompany of Stationers of London, herSi ng^fiS • " "^^ '"""'"• "' "* '•'*" "'""' "^ ^"^^ Obedience b« given to Our Pic Given at Our Court at St. James\ the 23d Day of lebruary 1 74^.4, in the Seventeenth Year of Our Ktign. Bj His Miijejl/s Command, CARTERET. Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca, O R, A COMPLETE COLLECTION O F VOYAGES and TRAVELS. CONSISTING OF ABOVE Icdion of Voyages and Travels: Six hundred of the moft Authentic Writers, BEGINNING WITH Herrera, Oviedo, Coreal, ^c. in Spani(h; And the Voyages under the DireBim of the East-India Company i»HollanD| in Dutch. Hackluit, Purchafs, 9^c. in Englifli; Ramufio,Alamandini,CaiTeri,^r.mItalian; Thevenot)Renaudor, Labat, 9fc. in French; De Brye, Grynaeus, Mafieus, ^c. in Latin; Togahcr with fuch Other H I S T O R I E S. V O Y A G E S,Tr A V E f, S, or D I S C O V E R I E S, As are in General Esteem; . ;: Whether publiihed in Englijh^ Latin, French^ Italian^ Spanijhy Portugicefe^ High and hvw Dutch, or in any other European Language. * s • Containing whatever has been obferved Worthy of Notice in EUROPE, ASIA. AFRICA, and AMERICA; IN RESPECT TO THE Extent and Situation of EMPIRES, KINGDOMS, PROVINCES, ^tr. THE Climate, Soil, and Produce, whether Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral, of Each Country : ' LIKEWISE THE RELIGION, MANNERS, and CUSTOMS of the fevcral INHABITANTS, their Government Arts and Sciences, Publick Buildings, Mountains, Rivers, Harboun, iSt. illustratedby Proper CHARTS, MAPS, and CUTS, TOWHICHISPREFIXED A Copious INTRODUCTION, comprehending the Rise and Progress of the Art of Navigation, and its furccllivc Improvements -, together with the Imentien and U/e of the Loadstone, and its Variatim. Originally publi(hed in Two Volumes in Folio, By ^0//Af //^/?^/j; D.D. and F.R.S. Now Carefully Revised, With Large ADDITIONS, and Continued down to the Present Time; Including Particular Account s of the a MANUFACTURES and COMMERCE of Each Country. LONDON: Printed for T. Woodward, A.Ward, S.Birt, D.Brownb, T.Lonoman,R.Hitt, C. Hitch, H.Whitri^*!* S. Austen, J. Hodocs, J. Robinson, B. Dod, T. Harris, J. Hintow, and J. Rivinctox. M.DCC.XLIV. *> A V^ Xj vJL \ , . k v' * * ■* •tt « •?* l:^ .i. <* t ?s »«;■ . t / M M-v^l ^t^-. , /• * I » » T "%^.^t**J^^»-^-* ft jii-ilij* i! ,'?* 1* -.•^ »• * • I'l f T O T H E A MERCHANTS O F G Jd EAT-B R IT A I N, ,; i.:<- :\ w \ S the original Dcfign of Dedications was either gratefully to ac- knowledge AiTiftance, or modeiUy to de(ire Protedion, fb both thefc Motives, Gentlemen, concur in leading me to this Addrefs. If there be any Thing in the following Sheets, that is either New or Entertaining, Ufefiil or Inftruftive, which, from the general Ap- probation the Work has met with, I have Reafon to hope there is, I muft confcfs it, in a great mcafure, due to the kind G}mmunications I have received from Pcrfons concerned in Trade ; and as the main Point I have had in View, has been the felting the Hiftory and Advantages of Commerce in a true Light, I prcfumc that I could not have infcribed this Performance to more proper Pa- trons. I have endeavoured likewife to avoid the Faults for which moft modern Dedications are cenfurcd, which arc a mean Attention to Intereft, or the Vanity of placing great Names and high Titles in the Front of Books. It is true, I adclrcfs niyfclf to the richcd Body of Men in this, or perhaps any other Nation, but without any farther Expcftation than meriting their Favour and Acceptance. I have alfo chofcn the grcatcft and moft confiderable Body of Men undig- nified with Titles ; but with no other Ambition than that of procuring a good Ntvin. r.XVIII. a Re. / DEDICATION. Reception for my Book, by thofc who mud be allowed to be the bcft a.ul moft proper Judges. Such, Gentlemen, arc truly and finccrcly my Inducements to this Application, which I have the greater Rcafon to flatter myfelt. will not be unfucccfsful, bccaufc I am confident you will meet with nothing that is dii . tatcd by any other than a publick Spirit in the Volume which I preftut. We aa- taught, that the Separation and Difpcrfion of Mankind over the Earth, was owing to the juft Difplcalure of their Creator upon their attempting to lay the Foundations of an univcrfal Monarchy, which muft have been deftru^ive of their own Happincfs. But Rcafon and Exjxrricncc (hew, that we owe that Con- ncdion, which, at prcfcnt, reigns between Countries far remote from each other, and that kind Intcrcourfe fubfifting between different and diAant Nati- ons, to a Spirit of Commerce. Trade, by the Divine Favour, has cfTcdcd what Ambition vainly endeavoured ; and the Dcfire of carrying on mutual Traffick has overcome that Evil, which produced the Separation of Mankind ; 1 mean the Confufion of Tongues. The Defire of reciprocally communicating the Fruits of various Soils and different Climates, is that Principle of Unity, which, agreeable to the Will of GOD, makes all the Inhabitants of the fcveral Regions of the Globe, appear in thefc later Ages, what, in the earlieft Times they were, but one People, and of one Language. Such are the wonderful, fuch the happy Effcfts of Commerce, confidered in this general Light, and as conducive to the conunon Benefit of the human Species. iiX"* *i ^ In particular Countries, Plantation was the Effccl of Ncceflky ; Men were forced to till the Ground, that they might cat, and to invent the Arts relating to Vcllurc and Building, that they might fecure thcmftlves againA the Inclemency of the Wcatlicr. In this they adlcd but as other Animals do, and by a kind of natural Inftin(!> : But when Necefntics were thus attained, they had Time to cxcrcife the Faculties of their Minds, and to look abroad for greater Convenicncies. This pro- duced Trade, which is peculiar to our Species, and the primary CharaAeriAick of rational Beings \ by the Help of Trade, Convenicncies multiplied apace, and Men appeared in their proper Sphere, not as bare Inhabitants of the terraqueous Globe, but as tlic Sovereigns of Earth and Sea. Sovereigns not in Right of fiipcrior Force, for Strength would never have given them Dominion over other Creatures ; but from I'uperior Wifdoni, whieh appeared in nothing more than in the Invention t>f Shipping, as migiit be dcmonftrated at large, if the Stlf-Evidencc of the Fa^ did not fupcreedc the NecciTity of any Dcmonftration. In Proportion as the Art of Navigation grew and was improved, the Commodities that were derived iruni it enereafed; the Labour of Mankind, was greatly diminifhcd, and their Delights augmented ; whatever wai wanted in one Countrv, was cafily, fafely, and in the Qi^iantitic-s that were requifite, brought from another. Knowledge and ufeful Arts were continually improved, great DifLOVcries daily made, and thofc Worki eafily and fully accomplilb.ed in fucceediiig Times, of which the former h.id 1 dtfpalrcd. D E D I c J r I iv: dcfpaircd. By this Means Pofterfty was encouraged to undertake ft ill greater Things •, and the farther this Art was extended, ftill the greater and more Benefits accrued therefrom : So that fuch as diftinguifhcd thcmfelvei by their Talents for Politicks) foon perceived how neceflary it was to encourage Navigation in all its firanchcs ; and this Ncceitity eftablifhed, fooner or later, almoft under every Government, this Maxim, That whoever was Majier at Sea^ muft ba Mafltr at Land liktwife. But, at prefent, wc will meddle no farther with Naval Power, as defigning only to (hew, that it derives its Being from, and can never fubfift othcrwife than by Com- merce. Yet it is not the Sea only that is indebted to Trade ; on the contrary, there is nothing contributes fo much to the thorough Cultivation of Countries, as ap' pears plainly from ancient and modern HiAories, which (hew that it is capable of rendering the mod barren Soil fruitful, and the rnoll defert Places pleafant. The following Sheets explain this fufliciently, with rcfpc^t to the ancient Republick of 7^r«, to which, if Nature denied mod Things, Traffick brought all ; as alfo in re- gard to Pahnyrai which, by its Trade, became a Paradife, though feated in a Wil- dernefs. And the fame Thing may be faid of the Province of Holland at this Diay. But, without travelling abroad, the Truth of this Obfcrvation may be fufficiently known from the amazing Alteration which our Application to Trade has made in our own Country, with refpedt to the Improvement and Value of Land in the laft and prefent Century. This is a Thing fo apparent, ond fo certain, that, as on the one Hand, it does the greateft Honour to the Mercantile Part of our People ; on the other, it demonftrates the great Confcquence of Trade to the whole Nation : So that there can be no Divifion of Intercft in this Refpcift, that of Land and Trade being reciprocal, or rather the felf- fame Thing. , ^,. liad llCvl. To Commerce we owe our Wealth ; for though Labour may improve, though Arms may extend, yet Commerce only can ( r i.:h a Country, It is this that en- courages People, not barely to labour for the bjpply of their own Wants, but to have an Eye to thofc of other Nations, even fuch as are at the greateft Diftance. It is this that eftabliflics and extends Manufaiftures, and while it employs all Ranks of People, provides fuitable Rewards for their feveral Employments. It is this, and this alone, that can excite and encourage univcrful luduftry, by providing, that all who take Pains, fliall reap Profit, and' that what rftifcs the Fortunes of Individuals, fliall prove at the fame Time, and in the fame Degree, beneficial to Society ; fo that an Application to their private Interefts, in their feveral honcft Employments, ha.s at the fiune Time, all the Effcdls, and is, in rcrtlity, the trucft Teftimony of publick Spirit. , I lence arifcs another gVcat Advantage, which is the equal and jufl: Diftribution of ProjKrty, a Thing that Legillators have attempted in vain, tho' by attempting it, they have fufiicicntly fliewn, how material, and how rcquifite it is, under all Go- vernments. But Commerce performs this efie«[^ually, and tho* it may fometimc5f raifc particular I'ortuncs to an envied Point of Grcntncf?, yet thii Knvy, U'Wdrcan DEDICATION. be faid in no other cafe, is produaivc of good Confequcncci, for it heightens that Spirit of Induftry, which can alone diffufe Wealth, and therefore wc fee, that a few very rich Merchants, ia one Age, produces a Multitude of moderate Fortunes in the next. Thus the Evils created by Trade, are correded by Trade, which, as it is the only natural Way of acquiring Riches, fo whatever temporary Inconveniencies attend it, difappear of themfclvcs, if we do not through Impatience inleriwfe, but fuffcr Nature to take her Courfc. - - * * * We may cafily conceive from hence, that as Riches and Gimmcrcc, To Commerce and Liberty arc infcparable ; for if the Property attained by the former, be not fc- curcd and prcfervcd by the latter, Trade will quickly decay ; as on the other Hand, fuch as have acquired Fortunes by long and hazardous Voyages Abroad, or by hard Labour in a conftant Courfe of Induftry at Home, will naturally have juft Notions, and confcquently ftt a true Value upon Freedom, which they will likcwifc be the more ready, and the more able to defend. So that on the Whole, wc may fafcly affirm, that the grcatcft Differences between Nations, arifc chiefly firom the Degrees, and the Nature of their G)mmerce, and according as it is, cither little or large, ex- tended or confined ; the People arc Civilized or Rude, Rich or Poor, Powerful or Weak, Brave or Bafe, and finally, Free or Slaves: So from Rcafon wc ought to judge, and fo from Experience it appears. The great End of Voyages and Travels is, to enquire into, and obtain Satisfac- tion OS to thcfe Particulars, and the principal Defign of fuch Collet ions as this is, to rcprefent them freely and fairly to the World : In doing this, I have ufed all the Care and Diligence ihat was in my Power, and have never let flip any Opportunity of rccomn)ending the Encouragement, Extenfion, and Protedion of Trade, as the furcft Means of making us a great, wealthy, powerful and happy People ; of all thefe, Gentlemen, as I conceive, you muft be the principal Inftruments, I thought I had, in fomc Meafure, a Right to expcft your Patronage, of which, if you fball think this Work worthy, it will fully anfwcr the Wifljes, and gratify the Ambition of, >T -'i , Gentlemen, Shlre-Lane, Dc- Cf rub. j, 1 745. Tour Obtdimt and Dtvoted . Humble Servant f The Author. P R E F A C E I .-h !("■( ' HE peculiar Plcafurc and Improvement that Cooks of Voyages and Travels alTord, arc I'uffieient Reafons why they areas much, if not more read than any one Branch of polite Literature: Itnuy not therefore be amifs to inquire a little into the Sources of that Satisfaction and that Incrcafe of Knowledge, which have fo juftly recommended Books of this fort to the univcrfal Favour of Readers of every Taftc. ■.,,i The Mind of Man is foform'd, as fcarce to admit of Amufcment without Inftru^ion { and though it may frequently happen, that the latter is imperceptibly conveyed, yet is this fo far from being an Evil, that, in Truth, it is a very confidcrable Advantage. If we are delighted with the ftrange Things that are prcfentcd to us in Voyages and Travels, that Delight, when ftriiflly examined, will be found to arifc from learning what we knew not before ; and, confcquently, is a rational Plcafurc. It is therefore a very happy Circumftancc in this kind of Reading, that it charms us by a perpetual Variety, and keeps alive that Thirft of Inquiry, which wc arc apt to lofc, when too clofcly con- fmcd to fcvcrer Studies. An Inftancc will eafily convey the Force of this Obfcr\'ation, and, at the fame time, convince the Reader of the Truth of it. When we read in the Account of Countries, in the Neighbourhood of Hudfott's-Baff that numerous Indian Nations pafs their Time in Hunting, and other Excrcifcs, in fpight of that Cold, the very Dcfcription of which chills us herej and that they are able, even in the mod rigorous Seafons, to make greater Journics, in a much (horter Space of Time, than we can do in a warmer Climate, and when our Roads are bcft ; it appears wonderful, and, at the firft Sight, almoft incredible. But then our CurioHty being prompted to inquire more narrowly into their Cudoms, Drefs, and Manner of Travelling, we come to be fatisfied, not only that the Fa£t is fo, but why it is fo i and thence difcovcr the Folly of that Opinion which fo long pre- vailed, that thcfe frozen Regions were the wide VVaftes of Nature, and, from their very Situation, abfoluteiy uninhabitable. Again, when we learn, that at 'Peru it feldom or never rains, this aHonifhcsus ; but when wc arc likewifc informed, that, by the hanging of thick Clouds continually over the People's Heads, they are (o effcftually defended from the Heat of the Sun, that the Cli- mate is more temperate in Nrji than in Old Spain, wc arc at once fatisfied as to the Faldiood of the before-mentioned Opinion with refpcA to the Torrid Zone; and thus a modern Reader of Travels becomes, without Trouble or Fatigue, better acquainted with the true State of Things, and the real Condition of the Univerfc, and its Inhabitants, than the wifcft of the anticnt Philo- fophcrs with all their Study and Thinking. But^ will any Man fay, that the Knowledge we thus acquire, is the Icfs certain, or the lefs valuable, for the Eafe with which it is obtained } Or will any Idolater of the Antients aflcrt, that their Ignorance or Miftakes were at all Icflcned by the Pains they took to rcafon thcmfelves into Notions which Experience tlicws us to be falfc ? No> certainly, the Facility on one Side is an undoubted Advantage, and their Toil and Labour an addi- tional Misfortune on the other. ' , p R E F A C E. E X^.^nt Yc. .here U noching eaficr than .o dea,o„«ra.c ,hiwo . e Sar.faa on even o. fhe Subborn Critic. For. without affcchn, to pby w..l. Words w u. V ay ol.kely toconvcy ulafalKnowlcdgc. as exhibiting a complete View of. he Un.vcrlcf In cMher Branches of Learn- in. wemayarriveattheKnowlcdi;cof ahlnucrlh.ni;.. but in none can we coiue at what ,s more ureful Homr opens hi. OJ,pf with oblcrv.ni;. that Travel had made i h(/a tiic w.lcft Man of his Age . and the great View of that excellent Writer .s to inOU Wild.^m ple«lantly by a poetical Delcription of that Hero* Travels. Can there Ik any ilunit inore latutaaocy. with relbed either to Rcalbn or Authority, than this? Can any Man douln. that the leeing different Countries, confidering the Icveral Humours, Cuftoms and Conditions of various Nations, and comparing them with each other, and our own, is the readicQ Way to^\'ildom» Or can wc fufpea, that the Reputation of Homrr, and his Poem, would have fubfincd fo nuny Ago, if tt had been built upon a falfe Pofition ? This Kind of Knowledge, of all others, moft opens and inlarpcs the Mind. Some Studies ingulph and fwallowusup, fotlut we have no longer Attention for any thing clfej and thisil that learned Diftemper which the World calls Pedantry. Dut the Reading of Voyages and TravcU is not only free from this Difadvantagc, fince it contains a perpetual \'ariety of Subjeas, but is in Truth the bcft Cure for Pedantry j fince, if a Man can Ik once induced to entertain himfelf this way, he muft ncceflarily fee the Folly of purlUing any Tingle .Scheme of Science too far. The Utility therefore, as well as Plcafure of this Courle of Rcadinu;, cannot be dilputed. But there b another Obje^ion that preffes more clofcly ; and it is this, that the pretending to grafp the whole Circle of Science in this Way, by perufini; the Voyages and Travels into and through all the Countries in the Globe, is altogether as endlels, though, perhaps, \ lei's tedious Method of acquiring Knowledge, than any hitherto propofed. Yet I venture to affirm, that even this Obje^ion may be likcwife anfwered, and the Truth of the contrary Proportion nude mol) evident} wlucli is the fccondPart of the Task I undertook to perform. This Humour of Delpaicing on the remote Profpcct of Hard Hiips, and ruppoHnc Difficulties at dtd Sight to be infurmountablc, lias often proved a Bar to great and generous lUidertakings. If Columbus could have been difcourjijed by fuch a Prolpec^, or diverted t'roin his Purpolic by the Encounter of many Difficulties, he had never I'ucceeded To far as he did in his Project of .Sailing round the Globe. Or if his Example had frighted Magellan from contemplating his Reafons from the Confideration of his Fate, the Tour of the Globe might have been yet unmade. Dut lincc wc fee that ihcfe magnanimous Men were not only upablc of forming fucli vaft Defigns, but alfo of carrying them into Execution, it ought furely to encourage us in our Labours of another Kind j bccaufe it muft convince us, that, with like StcaJineli* and Application, lomcthuigof the lame Sortmay be performed in this Way, if aright Meihoti be taken. - ,. ; In order to come at this .Method, it isrciiuiflte to confidcr wh.it wc would avoid, and what we would obtain. As to the former, wc can eafily dilcern, that the running tlirou:j;h a Multiplicity of Books, moft of them incumbered with Matters foreign to our I'urpole, and all of them, from their very Nature, fubiccl to tedious Repetitions, i.s what we ought to be moft afraid ol'. Every Writer of Voyages and Travels purfucs a particular Plan, wl'.ieh, however agreeable to his Purpote, muft be wide of ours ; for while he aims, either at a copious l)ct.ul ot his own Adventures, or at a general Dilplay of his Learning and Difcovcries, we delire to hear no more than what relates to the Point, illiiftratcd by iuch Circumftances as may enable us toconeeive it fully, and come at it witli Pleafure; hence it appears, that a volummous Colleaion of ditVcrcnt Voyages and Travels, though the bcft iu their Kind that can be met with, and digerted m rlie beft Order that can poJibly ft p '"'i'' T'" '^'" *"'*" ''"' ^"'^ ' ^"^"^ '■'"= ^'"J' ''""'^' "'"''*'■■'" *'" '^^^ '"^" *'""^ ''"" mo(f People have to bcftow , and the comparing, collcaing, and d.gefting their Contents, would ucmand Inch a Degree of Ubour and Circu.nifpcaion, as very few Readers would he inclined to * aabiJ, '<'n PREFACE. tfTbrd. To obviate therefore thcfe Difficultici, t Way muft be featui to reduce the Bulk of fuch a CollcAion within reafonable Bounds i and, at the fame time, due Care muA \»c taken to preiervc tlic Subftancc and Spirit, when the fuperfluout and unncccflary Parti of their Relations ure thrown out of the way. If this could be done, and a fufficient Number of the beft Writers tlui» collcacd, and fitted for general Ufcdrawn into a Body in a natural and eal'y Order, lb that wiiat rhcy deliver Ihould follow In fuch a regular Progreflion as that every Relation might appear in its proper Place, adding new Light to what went before, and preparing us for what ought to come altcn I think there is nothing hard in •pprehending, that a Work, thus digcftcd, would anl'wcr the great End propofcd, and produce a Syftem of this Sort of Literature as regular and ulcful, and, at the lame time, as plcafant and entertaining, as could be cxpeOcd. This great LArtfy of VtyMgts and Travels, as it was originally contrived, came pretty near the Method which I have laid down {but then, as it was publifhcd in Two Volumes, it was compiled likcwife in Two Parts, fo that the Scheme is actually repeated, and, like DiOionartcs improved at different times, there is a kind of double Alphabet, which renders each of the Volumes a diAinft Work from the other. This might be, and, I dare fay, was nccelTary, under the Circumftances in which that Work was compofedj but this Inconreniency is now avoided. As this Collection is intended for a complete Body of Voyages and Travels, the Two Volumes have been reduced into their natural Order, and all the Parts To difpofed, as to bring them into their proper Places. It was, befides, highly requilite to revifc them, botli with regard to Matter and Style { and therefore they have not only been compared with the fevcral larger Works, from which they were originally taken, all Omi/Tions fupplied, and Errors correfted, but the Proprietors having been at great Expence in procuring fuch Helps as either were not, or could not be had, when the firft Edition was publilhcd, this is fo far augmented and improved, as to become, in Tome meafurc, a new Work. ' ^ . ■ •■'■ •' • " ■ -• "■•- / » I •,'■>'■ -I ; ?)-«-^''( The Reader will here meet with a complete Syftem of Relations, drawn up by Eyc-witncflcs of what they deliver, with a proper Account of the Credit due to each i the particular Merit of his Accounts, their Deficiencies, and the Means by which they have been fupplied from others. He will likewife fee how fucceeding Times have improved the Difcoverics of pad Agcsi how the Spirit of Induftry, in fcarching after ufcful Truths, and extending Commerce, has fled from Place to Place, and now adorned one Nation, and then another. He will perceive, that what was judged abfurd and impradicable in one Age, has nevcrthelefs been attempted and perfected in the next ; and he will likcwife fee, that fomc great and noble Undertaliiiigs, which were long ago propofcd, and in Pan fulfilled, have fmce fallen back into Obfcurity \ from whence, however, they may very probably be drawn, by the Virtue and Spirit either of the prefcnt Generation, or of Poderity. He will find whatever relates to ufcful Points clearly explained, and fufiicicntly infiftcd upon s and, at the fame time, find enough preferved of the Fortunes and Adventures of particular Pcrfons to iatisfy his Curiofity, without carrying him too far out of the great Road after Matters of Icfs Confcquencc. By thcfc means, it is hoped, that this Library will appear agreeable to his Expectation, and capable of anfwcring every End he could have wifh'd j but that it may do this the more cfFcftually, and that he may never be at a Lois about its Application, it may be proper, befides the common Helps of Tables and Indices, to give a fhort Defcription of the Manner in which its fevcral Parts are ranged, fo as that he may have Recourfc immediately to whatever he wants, and know where to bring in whatever Improvements his own future Reading and Experience may furnifh. Befides, by recollcAing what has been already laid down, and comparing it with what we arc now going to propofc, he may form a proper Judgment ot' the Nature and Value of this Library, and of the Plcafure and Profit that may be reaped from it, fo as to be under no Doubt as to its Worth, or how far it comes up ro what we have promifed for it. All this, I fay, he fees at one View, and is enabled to make as ready a Ufe of upwards of Six hundred Volumes, the Subftancc of which arc included in thcfc Tuv, as if he was only at the Pains of finding out and taking doNvn the Author he defired to confult. The PREFACE. u . . K- K thcfc Vovajrcs and Travels arc now digcacd. J$ Co natural and cafy. tlut The Method '7'»^^,^*^^^''^,y°^^^^^ or forgot. In the firft Place, ^e give an Account, m It Is impoffiblc it Ihould be either "f ^^" °; ^ ^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^.^^^ order of TUne. of the - ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ and auious Obfcrvaf.ons. Wc afford us an Opportu^^^^^^^^^^ then enter nuo a diftinft Rcc. a lot mc v y 5 ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ .-ijs^;=^^^ £«r^randib through the Middle, southern, and EaAern Countrjcs to the Frontiersujf JM S irus to give a'n Account of that Part of the World, and ot all the V oyagc, made to .s MlimTcoafts as ..cU as the Travels of fuch as have had an Opportunity to pafs through us l^lTpo^nS: TicHlccCare we take with re^^^ Trade upon its feveral Coafts.and the Manner in which it was formerly. and .s at prefent. branded out amo^gftfe^xral£«r.;.*» Nations. Laftofall. we purlue the fame Method njad,uft.ns he Voyages to and Travels throughout ^mrus, fo as to give the Reader full Sat.slaa.on as to the firft Difcovery. original Settlement, paft and preCcnt Condition. Commerce and Importance of alltheJ>4»/A £«/¥, French, Tortuguefe, 'D-r^A and ©*«/>& Colonics m that Coumry. to- gether with all that can be known with Certainty as to the InMan Nations, wh.ch mhabit thofc Parts of it that arc hitherto unfubdued. -' .■:■.- -^mtn It will appear from hence, that the Defign of this Undertaking is much more perfca in its kind than the Scheme of any CoUeftion of Voyages hitherto offered to the Publick j tor whereas They relate only to a few Countries, and are not difpofcd according to any regular Method, Ours will comprehend all. and in an Order which gives them a pcrfed Conneaion. If we had followed Chronology wholly, it would have intircly changed our Plan, and, inftead of a Col- Icftion, it would have been a Chronicle of Voyages and Travels. If, on the otiier hand, we had paid no regard to Time, this would have created great Confufion, and rendered the Whole perplexed and unintelligible. But as Things now ftand, all thefe Difficulties are avoided. >V'c treat firft of the Circum-Navigators, for this plain Reafon. that as the Whole is greater than its Parts, fo. among Travellers, thofc arc ccrtainJV to be placed in the firft Clafs, who have made the Inveftigation of the whole Globe their Aim, rather than the Difcovery of particular Parts j and upon the fame Principles we place the Difcovcrers of the Ea/} anii ff'f/i Indiet next to the Circum-Navigators ; bccaufc their Purpofc was next in Point of Importance. Thcfc general Heads being fixed, all the component Parts follow in Order of Time, fo that after pcrufing a wiiole Chapter, the Reader is poflcflcd of the intire Hiftory of that Point, fees when it was firft ftarted. How, by Whom, and at what Time profecuted, and in what Situation u (lands at prefent. I have now given the Reader all the Helps in my Power, towards the jKrfcd undcrftanding what is intended in the following Work; and from the Hojic of his candid Reception of my Labours. 1 bonow that Degree of Confidence which is ncccflaiy to prolccutc lb arduous an Undertaking ; and. provided I enjoy This. 1 l"hall think all my Care and Pains extremely well bcftowed; fincc, to funher ufcful Knowledge, is certainly a laudable Ambition. \ t'v r V t Mi »T 5( «# jD : -J i ... -1 'it I'l 't; ■ ...A M^i i" .i>''''-io •(«" ':'i' ^^'5' THE '. •', " '^".■•:l^"y'; 1 ..H :i»>w n '" u ,3:iiiJjJ» .;tJ 3':i"l! — 7;.. i :. :^.il ii ( y...i»ii/'i " t'l'ji'i "^.•' r! ••';<. ; r. ,. '. -■[■.inn .V -1 .1 r INTRODUCTION. .V> ;i>f . h!f;.- . 'v^ . -.,-.,, ' ,. ... '. I • 1 HERE arc very few Points as to which the wife Men of Antiquity, and the bed Judges among the Moderns, are To clearly agreed as in the Advantages that refult from Travel, and the Benefits that arife from feeing the World. It is very evident from an- cient Writers, that the greatcft and moft telcbratcd Philofophers thought it tequifite to vifit diftant Nations, in Search of Wifdom. The Defign of one of thofe cxv.ellont Poems, compofed by Homers whofe Reputation is, at on.e, the moft extcufive, and the beft-founded of any Poet's, was to (hew that ufeful and univerfal Science was beft attained in this Way, of which he gives us an illuftrious Example in the Character of Ulyjfes, wlio is the Hero of that Work. In later Times, travelling is become a Part of Education, or rather a Thing neceifary to polifh and perfcift Education, by inftruding thofe in Men who have already acquired as much as Can be acquired from Books. But thefe Advanta. e.s are confined to a very few, by which I mean, fuch as have it in their Power, either to indulge their Inclinations in vifiting foreign Countries, or who, moved by the Advices of their Friends, take this Method of improving their Talent^, by add- ing Experience to what they have learned in Schools. But, as to the Bulk of Mankind, though they ftand as much in Need of the Benefits drawn from Travel, as thole who move in the fub- limcr Spheres of Life ; yet, by their Circumftancc.', they are difabled from this Manner of accom- pliihing themfelves, or of obtaining the Knowledge they want. But, bccaufe thus precluded one Way, does it follow th.n they fliall attempt it no other, or becaufe they cannot travel themfelves, muft they derive no Advantage from the Travels of others? Th;it would be a hard Thing indeed, fince Men reap the Benefits of Hiftory, and thereby gain the Bentli: uf Expe- rience from Ages far beyond thofe in which they live. If unconfincd by Time, why Ihould they be confined by Space; if we may improve from the Knowledge of what was done by Men before us, why may we not inform ourfelves, by enquiring into what thofe Nations do who live far Iroin us ? One is as rational, and not at all more difficult than the other ; and there is tiiis Advantage attends travelling upon Paper, that we may go whither, and in what Company we picafe. This is a very Angular and a very ufeful Circumftance ; for, very frequently, even great Travellers do not lee what they leek. Their Inclinations would carry them one Way, but, perha^^s their Enrtunc and Con- dition in the World will carry them another ; but this can never happen in Books. We m;iy add to this another Confidcration ; that there are many V^oyages, which however a Man m.iy bo inclined to make, yet, in his whole Life-Time, he may never meet with any Opportunity of making: I will inflance only in two. The rirft is a Voyage round the World j ot which, :ii the firlt Book of this Coliedlion, we have given a complete and particular Account tioin whence it appears how few of thofe Voyages have been made in a long Courfe of Time : Yet, I prefumc to fay, that there arc none, either of lb great Ufc, or fo entertaining. It is hoin thclc VoyaL;cs, tliat the greateft Dili:overics have been made, and, which is more, the Poiribility dil'eloled of ma!-.iiig lUil greater Difcoveries that hitherto have been made, as the Reader will be convinced, by peruUoL; tiiat Pait of this Collecftion. My lecond Inftance is in Voyages to yapon, wliith is now out oi tho Power of alinnlf any Man to make, who is not a Native of a particular Country ; and even tliole make them with lar lefs Ailvanta;:c now than they did formeily. Liut this is not the only Hjiiefit that refults from reading beyond aiflual Sailing or Travcliifig ; for in the latter, we ate boniid to oiic particular Courfe, and confined to the Einiis of a (ingie l-.v- cuifion, whereas, by tiie Help of a Colkftion of Voyages, we reap all tl'.e Advantage"; tliat nfilt from tiic I'lxiH-iince of ditferent Men, who have livcii in dilTeient Ci^ii-.tries. and in li.ff.rent A/es. We can, in tliis W.iy, fail with Columbus m\\ Magellan, with Drahi: and L: Maire, as well as with A'rwr or Mm\\A.-p:Jofi. In I:ke Manner we can, in this Mctliod, go to j'alcn wi'h the J'ortiii^iu-zt; anil the J\'r:;li/'\ as well as wiili the Dutch, and thereby derive to oiirk'lvi.i. that I''\;entnce wliicii WIS reapeJ in pilf .A;n'';, t.nvl lioin which we are ablolutely precluded in the pal" at. To ii<, in tins W.;y, it lb t:ie lanie '{"iiiiui;, whether ^ood or ill Ejitiine attend the Vnvaivs, lir..-v', to an int.l- li^i.nt Kr.'.il-.T, ;;i f-- a:i uMc I'inLil.-pl'.er, it is iiuuh the lame with refpcct to liUliiiilti.ii, whet'.-.-r iNc.MU. 6b. b llic f! The I y r R D V cr I x. .- , ,\ „/.. Prinimoilore Rottpr^ine's Evpcilition turncti to no Ac- ,hc Exrcrlmcnt fu.cccd. or nj,. ^Zofiwlu^rZZ^^^^^ as ... us ,t i.. to ,hc lull, as ufelul Fcr III " - --- . . ' . _ui. ,„*Tmth "ari the Perfons wbo made the Vo^^agr, initcad of founded, is juft, right, and agrceabk to Truth, as mne re ^ _ ^^^ ^ ^.^r^_ „^ .l. able, which as if it had luccecded, and wc are « < -J ._ ...U;r-Vi Mi"n arp name, wiiu uiiiiviii.™^ .— .- • -/-c • . '. - _ icncc and -.. - ,r . .^ V.."„'J,r7hViTi as ufeful to us as pofTiblc, but a Rrf.ilution uf attending ; ":n7r:SgTpS: V t witaf '"«:; l!;::r^c«iativclvian may oh)c«..that thefe Argu.cnS Si;'r;d;i/:'' «S^'; o"n C ^^ -diJeLf MotLs M.n ...,^.cL that of bare OhfLSon which generally fpcaking, falls in accidentally, and .s rarely the Ground upon which McL ^ke VoS b Sea. l^pend^heir Tim. in paffing through d-jfarn. CoumnfS : So thw ., Bodes have fomc Advantages and thofe very confiderable »o yet .t does not tollow h«m ^cnce, e,at they have all the Advantages derived from vifuing foreign Cuun:rj« There « a wide D.ft«nce bem en that Treafurc which we lay up in our Mind, and the Wealth that paffes into our Purf« ; and vet the Rcneral Word Profit may include both. But what dcmonftratcs i.ot the I«allacy only, but the Fainicod of the Remark before-mentioned, as if the reading Voyages would cxtinguiOi the Defireof undcruking them is the Evidence of Experience, which isdircdUy oppofite thereto; for a| the Inclinations of Boys who arc born in maritin.c Towns, naturally leads them to Sea, fo there it nothing excites Men more ftrongly to vifit diftant Countries than reading good Accounts of themj for it is a very natural, as well as a very juft Conclunon, that if fo much Plcafurc refuU from the Pe- rufal of Voyages and Travel?, there muft be flill a greater in Travelling itfclf. But thus much, indeed, is true, that there cannot be either an eaficr or a Met Cure tot bound- lefs Curiofity than this Sort of Reading, which from thence, inftcad of Study, is become an Amufe- ment j from which another Objedion has fhrtrd up direaiy oppofite to the former, and that is, the Danger of kindling a wild and ungovernable Humour in the Minds of young People, by putting fuch kind of Bo()ks into their Hands. This may be, and I df)»bt really is true of Voyages and Travclt, read purely to kill Time and to dhrcrt, by the Strangcnefs of their Recitals. Yet one may afk, whcihct this Mifchief be fouijd in Books alone, and not in the Things themfclves ? Do not young Peo- ple often make long Voyages without Thought, and tra -jI many Years to no Purpofe ? But wa» this cveralledged as a jufl Reafon why Folks (hould never go abroad at all ; or, if not, why (hould it be a good Obicflion acainft reading? But, granting it were fo, I will venture to fay, that this^ and every ether Mifc!iiev«' piarded againft by Colledions of this Nature, in which Care u taken to inform and to inlhui^^, as well as to entertain and amufe. It is the Advice of the great Lord BacoH, that young Men (hould never be fcnt into foreign Countries but under the Care of fome able Tutor, who may l>e al>lc to currcdl their Extravagancies, reArain their Impetuofity, and oblige them tc m»ke iuch Obfervations as would otherwifc cfcape them i and all this, that at their Return, they mav not be barely able to tell what they had feen, but (hew, by their Behaviour, and their Coo verfition, how much they have improved by their foreign Excurfions. Now let us apply this Advice to reading. It is very pofTible for young People to fpend a great deal cf their Time that way to very little Purpofe ; and it was trom a Forcdght of this that Collcdions ol Voyages were deviicii by grave and difacet Men, as the proper Remedy for this Evil. It was what Ramujio intended by his large and noble Collcdtion, the moft complcat in its Kind, and for th» Time in which it was made, that is extant in any Language. He undertook to draw into one Body the bell and moll ulchil Voyages and Travels, tnat lieforc his Time had been publithed, and he ha* enriched them wiih liiwh cnrjous and ufelul l*refaccs, Obfervations and Remarks, as Iws, in the Opi- nion of the bell JuilgLS, rrndrcd them an invaluable Treafurc. The lame Plan was ptxrfucd by M.T/:ntc tonvcyt-- - - ;icat hale, and thib hardy |,y, laiigiiig Tiullw Uut arc ucccilUry in their juft It oft Syft as phy teac fi Top •re and tang Bal the ist Equ iho I in a jurt . H rhe INTRODUCTIO X. it! lit It hat been a Thing ufual in Books of this Nature, to take it for granted, that tlie Reader was ns Wc!l (killed as the Writer in the Sciences requifite to be known, in order to the true Comprehenflon of iha Works we chufe, however, to avoid that Suppofition, and to endeavour, within the Compafs of this Introdudtion, to lay down all the Principle* upon which the following Strudhire is raifcd ; fo that there ftiall be no Neceflity of having recourfe to any other Book, to come at the Meaning of this ; but the Terms being fufHciently explained here, we fliall be able to proceed, when wu come to the Body of the Work, without any Danger of being mifundcrftood. We do not indeed intend here to lay down Syftems of Geography, natural or civil Hiftory, or Politicks, but to explain each of thofe Sciences as is expedient for the Life we have made of them in the Compofition of tliis Treatif^. Cofmogra- phy is that Science which defcribes this Globe, and the reft of the folar Syllem ; Geography teaches the Knowledge of the whole Earth, as Hydrography does of the Water. By Geography, we underftand the particular Defcription of a Kingdom, Province or Country. Topography dcfcends more minutely to defcribe fmaller Places, Cities, Tovns, Cafties, &c. Thcfo •re all originally Greek Words, which for their Significancy have been made free of all Languages^ and their Meaning, when once well known, can never be forgot. By the firft of them, wc are taught to conceive, that the World, on which we live, is a terraqueous Sphere, or in plain Englif), a Ball of Earth and Water ; through this Ball, if you fuppofe a Spindle to pafs, it will be what the learned call the Axis c.f the Globe, and the Extremities of this Axis are its Pules, one of wliich is the ardlic, or north Pole, and the other the antarctic, i. e> oppofite to the north, or foutli Pole. The Equator is an imaginary Circle, pafling round, or rather, over the Globe, at an equal Diftance from each Pole, and confcquently dividing the World into two equal Parts, whence it has its Name. It is likewifc called the Equinodial, becaule, when the Sun is in this Line, which is twice a Year, viz. in the Months of March and September^ the Days and Nights are every where equal, and from the fingular Utility of this imaginary Circle, it is filled by Way of Eminence the Line. The Zodiac is another imaginary Circle, which pafTes crofs the Equator, and is diflinguiflied, or divided into twelve Signs, fix of whkh, viz. jiriet, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, are on the North of the Equator, and therefore called northern Signs; the other fix, viz. Libra, Scorpio, Sagit- tarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pifies, are on the South of the Equator, and arc therefore called foutliern Signs. Within the middle of the Zodiac runs a Line called the Ecliptic, which is the Path of thu Sun, and from thence we derive the Word Eclipfi;, or Failure of the Sun's Liglit to the E.irih ; and when the Earth intercepts the Sun there, the Moon is eclipfcd, or fails of reflecting to us that Light which it receives from the Sun. The Obliquity, or Digrcflion of this Circle from that of the Equa> tor, occafions the Diverflty of Seafons; for the northern Part of the World has its Midl'ummer when the Sun is in Cancer, and the fouthern Part enjoys the fame BlefHng, when the Sun is in Capricorn. Hence it is, that two imaginary Circles are fuppofed parallel to the Equator, pafTing ttuough the Point in which the Sun advances farthefl North and South, and are filled the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, from the Greek Word Tropos, which fignifics Converfion, or turning back. The Meri- dian is another great Circle pafTing through both Poles, and over any given Place on the Globe and is called the Meridian, becaufc, when the Sun reaches this Circle, it is Mid-day, or Noon, to all who live under it. The Horizon is a great Circle, which cuts the Meridian, and divides the Globe in half, viz. into an upper and lower Hemifphcrc, and it being the Line which terminates the Sight, the Sun is faid to be fet, when he finks bcluw it, and to rife, when he mounts above it. As but one brafs Meridian is reprcfented on the Globe, tho* there are various, the Sun making Mid- day earlier or later to different Parts, as they lie more Eaft or Wefl, fo there is reprcfented but one 1 In- tizon, called the rational, or true one, tho' the fenfible Horizon is various, as the Limits of the Sight vary at every Step. Thefe Definitions, tho' they appear a little obfcure at firfl, yet being twice or thrice read over, their Meaning will be fufficiently plain, or if the leafl Doubt remains, it will be ab- folutcly taken aw.iy by the following Remarks, as to their Utility. The principal Thitig in Geography, is to have a perfeft Knowledge of the Relation which any Empire, Kingdom, Province, Diflridt or City, hath to any other Place, or to the World in general: Now, it was impofTible, that this Knowledge fhould ever be acquired, if fomc Method had not been found to mark every particular Point upon the Globe, fo that it might be found without Difficulty or Uncertainty. This is performed by knowing the Latitude and the Longitude of Places, without a clear Comprehenfion, of which it is impofTible for the Reader to conceive pcitedly the Defcription of any Country, yet fo it is, that among the numerous Books that have been written on the Science of Geography, there are very few that have made this Matter fo clear, as that a Perfon of an ordinary Undcrflanding might be able fully to embrace it. As it concerns, however, my Undertaking in the highefl Degree, that there fliould be noMiftake in this Matter, I fhall labour to make it lo plain, with refpedl not only to finding the Latitude and Longitude on Maps, but to the conceiving the Ule of it fo clearly, as to ht able from thence, to judge how all Parts of the World lie from their Latitude, and their Longitude being known, which is indeed the great Thingaimedat, and when once acquired, the bare tending of this Book with Attention, will render a Man a perfe<^t Geographer, without far- ther Study or Pains. Wc will begin with tlie Latitude of Places, and Ihew what is meant by that, and how far it is of Ufe in dillinguithing any Place on the Globe. The Latitude of any City is its Diftancc from the Equa- tor, which is reckoned on the Meridian, and as every Circle is fuppofed to be divided into 360", fo a fourth Part of the Meridian 90', muft be always included between the Equator and either of the Poles. Hence arifcs the DdUndlion between North Latitude and South Latitude, that is to fay, the Number of Dcgiecs ccnrntcd on the Meridian from the Equator towards the aidic Pole, is Ailed North Latitude, and ihui London \k faid to lie 51° ^2' North; as on the other Hand, the Number of De- grees iv The I X r R D V c r J o x. jrrecR counted on tl.c Mcri.iian townMs ine Am.i tb.ch is the Captal of Peru, I.cs in 12' 6 South h the Antarftic, is rtiled Souili. ami t!ius tlic City uf Ut /ita. the fi,ft Meridian, and as the Latitude oi this City is 48 45 • J^^"'*?? ^'^"='""" '"^Z" "P^» ">" G obe is tally and'dearly determined. This Regulation of the firft Mer.dm,. .vas cor, hned to 7..,.v onKsand has even there been long out of Date. The Dutch Mars ge^nerally lace the h. ft Mcn- d an at the Pike of r.;.rn/. The Jrahi^u fix theirs at the Suc.gUs ot ('^'^r The old i/a- niarjs would r,ceds have it at 7cL-Jc, becaufe they faid yl much. I hope by this Time, the Meaning of thefe Terms is fo well fixed, tliat with refpedt to the Ufe made of them in this Work, the Reader can never be at a Lofs, or in any Danger of Jail- ing into Miftakcs about them. There are, however, two Queftions that have been moved with ;efpcft to Lntitudc and Longitude, which, for Saii.-^fadion ot the Reader, 1 ftnall examine. The firft is, why, fi"cc the Circumference of the Globe is every Way iqual, the Diftance towards North and South, Ihould be ftilcd Latitude, or Breadth, whereas that Vr^ in Weft to Eaft is called Longitude, or Length? The Anfwcr to this is, that ill mcafuring tlie Latitude, wc make ufe only of a Quadrant, or a Quarter of a Circle, (ri;ier on Account »-! it- fiixii-ious Heat, the latter, by Reafcn of their excellive Cold. But ExiHrt'ience '.rizon J t!at the Inhabitants arc able to live very Lhcarfidlv, and to great A::es. It 1. tiue, that the Countries they inhabit, a.e far Iron, producing the .N'ece)]aries\.f Lite in lucli Abund.rKe as m warmer and tno:e temperate Climes ; but then the People arc more h.irdy, capable ot g,e:te> Ht.^.iK-, and prvler that Liberty which thty enjoy in an erratic Kind <,l Lite, to all the Plea. CCS (.X tl.c.r ISutivity than any otliir Nations wliaievir. TJ;c Anciens tudi, g ,1 .,t t!,is Divifi.n r,f the Surface of the Globe hito five Zones ncral } an.!, as h.ey lupjc-l.-d kv.ul ct thcfo to he nninhahitable veniei.cic , ti.ey lud Kecou:fe to another Invention, t!ie noil uleh. Into th s Kience ; and this was tl.cir .iiiln-nilli;!-,^ the World was too gc- •, \\y\\. it was fubndt tu tiuriy Iiicoii- Lilehii indeed o .,ny f ty introduced firi:J 1 <.-r,;n s.n,.. ,f ,1, f I -••,--•■•• "t, •>'.... into Climates. A Cliti,a-e may be dc- D^r'h C r ^l I ';'• '"^V'^V"-"^ longvll ir,v .-xccc-is. by half an Hour, thelon.cft Day ....l.cC,.M„.e.cha.lu t.v.aiu. the Lpator. ..J ,..!;, ,h.H. hy half an lluar. ul the lonkcft m f the ''''IS Tlic S f, is, s ckoii ;jK rigid : m sbe- ; W and aS C.r- M irclc. ^^j^wjE , the vsH^^H ieiict '■T^l^^y , th« ,aiid ^^^^B illtSi >'^f^K ti'.at great I^^B iucli )Icot '!C3- I'la- 5ge. leuli- uted '9 : de- ll ucll "k .'ncll ■■' D^y mmm The I NT R D U Cf 1 N. v Day in tlic Climate before it towards the Poles. In other Words, two Cities arc faid to He in diffe- rent Climates when the longed Day in the one exceeds the longefl Day in the other by half an Hour. The old Geographers rcckrjned but feveii Climates, from the Midake they made in imagining onlv a Imill Part o( the Earth to be inhabited ; but the Moderns have corrcdted this Error, and carried t'ie Diilance of CiiiiiateS to its utmoft Pcrfedlion. They reckon twenty-four between the Equator ami the Ardic Polar Circle, each of which encrcafes by half an Hour in the longeft Day -, and as the longeil D:iy under the Line confifts but of twelve Hours, fo it is plain, that in the twenty-fonrth Cli- mate, or under the Polar Circle, the longeft Day conHfts of twenty-four Hours \ from hence to the Pole they reckon but fix, each of which differs in the Length of its longeft Days a Month : Sj that under the Pole, if it was habitable, the Day and the Year would be the fame thing, the for- mer confiding of fix Months, and the Nij^nt of as many. IJy this Diftindlion into Climates, we have an Opportunity of looking round, and comparing the feveral C luntries of a like Temperature at once. By it we are enabled to judge how far one Country is prcferabl.' to another in its Produfts and Commodities, how far the Culture of the Frnitsof one Coun- try may In: pufhed by Art in another, what Commodities may be expcdlcd in a ncw-difcoveredLand, and a Multitude of other curious Particulars that muft immediately occur to every Man of tolerable Under {landing. To further iuch Kcflcdlions, and to enable the Reader to pofTcfs himfelf at once of all the AdvHutages hinted at above, I fliall lay down a Table of the twenty-four Northern Climates, which more immediately concern us ; and when he has contemplated thcfe with due Attention, I perfuade myfelf he will difcover many more ufeful Circumftances than I am able to mention. For when the human Mind is once put into the right Tradl of Enquiry, a fmall Degree of Diligence and Penetration will conquer all Ditficulties, and open a Path to fuch a Field of Knowledge, a^ can- not but attract a generous and inquifitive Spirit. A TABLE of QniAATt.6,from the Equator to the Polar Circle. - . L This commences at the Equator, and ends in the Latitude of 8' 34' : At its Extremity the Day is twelve Hours and an half. Within this Climate lie the Moluccas, the Maldives, Malacca, Sumatra, and other fmallcr Iflands in the Eaji-Indies. II. Extends from from 8'' 41' to 16° 43'. The longeft Day in this Climate confifts of thirteea Hours. In it lie AbijJ)c»i, un. i-..iiun. wi nn.ii i-m^'Hiymciu*., aiuj the Effeds which their Induftry produces to themfelves and lo the State. Ti;c tfiird Head in tl^l^ lin- quiry fliould be the Sea-Ports in the Country under our Conlidcrati in, the natur.il and artifiual Con- \tniences of each of them, and the particular Advantages and Difadvaiitajjes attending thcin, in point Nation dehcienc in thcle Kel[Ka>, it will be in a Manner to no I'uip le mat Ihc Itrujrgies, brciuk; whatever the Pi-weror Polity of one Adminirtration might gain her, mull he loU by the new lutii r>t tic nixt} fince whatever is unnatural, or contrary to tiie Genius of a Piople, can never lall long. I'he fourth Head will be the Number and Nature of their Shipping, and the Seamen employed on Board them : For the Wealth and Power of a Nation is much tft'cdtcd by various CircumAanccs in- tending theli.*. For Inftjncc, 5^ with regard to whLh we arc to enquire, not how many, or how powerful they are, fo much as how they contribute to the Wealth and Grandeur of ihcir Mother State. There is in this fomething fo commendable in the ptif./\ that I cannnt forbear fpcaking of it. The common Phrafe for Holland, in all their Coloniei, is l\ttl:er-land, which is an Expiertion fo pathetic, to full of trnc Patriotifm, and to exprenivc of fit al Alilaion, that we may from thence difcern the true \2{c of Colonies, which is to feed and fup- pori t!ie Country from whence they arc derived. In this Rcfpcft we excel the Spaniardt, and the Dutch excel us : For thcfe is a Conformity between the liitcrefl of that State and of all her Planutions, which is difcerned no where clfc, and which is the true Source of the mighty Power and immcnlc Wealth of that flourifhing Republick. So much for the commercial Part of our Work ; let us now turn to the Hiftory. The original Settlement and lubf.quent Changes that have happened to every Nation, arethcSubjed of their Hil- tory. This inull be tolerably well known to have an adequate Notion of their Concerns, but at the fame Tinie, there is no fort of Occafjon for entering too deeply into tlm, in order to an Acquain- tance with their prcferu Crcumftanccs. There cannot, certainly, be either a more ufeful. or a more rleaf.,nt Study than the general Uirtory of all Nations. But then this requires much Lcifure. tbo Knowledge of many Languages and great Abilltie. •. a great Statefman. an accomplilhcd Scholar may. indeed mud. apply h.mfe f to this fort of Study, in order to attain that Excellence, at which he airo B It the general Knowledge of the World, which is fo rrquifttc to every Man. ^ho would make a olcrable Figure in it docs not require any fiich laborious Courfc of reading, but may be acquired by affording a rcalonabic Attention to a few of the moft remarkable Fafts. In this Work thacfore' V i.hout totally o.nitting the antient Hiflory. we (hall treat of it to concifelv. as to conned it wUb and yet leave luthcient Room for the Modern. TheSpring of Aftion in one Age. feldom rUbs h7gh„ than the Jranfidiuns of that which went before it, and thetrfore it imports Ss more to be ptrfSTv K • «''\"''?'' '^^ll^ >^"»"t within the fc latt hundred Year,. thalTwith what was donemaw for h 1^ t ?. ? Attention to this, that we have taken fo much Pains to enquire into and fit f h the Hate and Condition of the (everal trading Companies lubfirting in J!ix.rL the Nature of fl^.ll cx^r of the like Nature in ;,er fitks Thc^^e r t ''!!i*"'"F ""'^ . P/«'^'^i"g whatever vin ,n ot this Work in lx)th Vdumes fr., fol,n/ ' ^," ^'' *"'''" "'"*' '^8*'^ «° »** '^•- thert . whatever has been hithlrnnSi a f ?" " '"'' ""'^ " ^^'^ «» P^^'^c. by digcfting living the Road oL to fuureCofi^^^ Y"^' ^'"'"^' an/diftinguifked Wort^, btt alff, raompoiing tl« X^ f^Xat it irCH r K*"''°" "^V"" ^* ^'^"""y «^ "«* modelling, or vuiii picatctl nil- fir t fart of thU lnm„l.,A \» l ■ ■ o piujicny oii'.citca. .-1.0U, ,u„„s .„.,. ,0 «,,„ u ..; m.z:. ': ,":;;::■;:;:;;:"! ',t:z; c (id ions of Countries, Ictond Part, wc (liew lic;v rhe 1 N r R o n u cr 1 x. l)C rhich Sup- :.ic!U Times in the fame Place. Numb. LXIX d XIII. \ 7. Zv / y -7 K /) r c r i o y- .,ul Ih... .ho' ihc h.».-krv. or King. '" ';" *"^ .J „!'„,„,„, ,„ „ ;u.|!ht "t Ull. X\. in.it a luoiij, i>iJi,i".«, _ ^ ^ ^ I ^^ .| .^ ^„„H-> u, tiiiiLh It, it cin iliaw it U|uraic morr ?,o,;;\h:'>!iK:;t;^c,kcrMagnc,. .^ even a l,nlc I'ucc ... l,o>,. can .l,awaw..y. or .c, ''"xVU^n^nlulc"!;^ Iron only, hit no other Bo.ly interplc.l can impe.le the Oi^r.u. of ,I,c Lo^. -Lk. c iter as to i.s At.ra'di n. or dre^.c ().al.,v. Mr. W;- .......i .. tu.c hy C.Ulc, at utmctically ; and Glais is a Body as impervious .s m.,. .,rc to any I tllnv,.,. NVlil Tin. the Power, or Virtue ol a Load-llonc. in.,y be i.np.urtd l.y lying long in a wror>g I'ullure, as alio by Rull, Wet, Gf.-. and may k quite dcrtr.yed by I uc Exi'EKiMFNTS on the Load-ftone, hy tkc I lonourotlc Rokrl Hoylo, F/f, in lis evn U'crds. I Mr. Boyk lounJ that by heating a M.ignct red-hot, it could be liKcaily dcprivci! ot itsattradlvc il ' \i I Load-ftone be heated red-hot, and then cooled, either with its South-Polc to the North, in a h(^"ri-/ontal Pofition, «r with iti South- Pole downwards in a |KrpcnuKulaf one, it will change \ix PoLaiiv, the vSoath-Polc becoming the Nothcrn, and '.w.r'/.;. Jll. 'I3y applying the Poles of a very fmall Fragment ot a Load- (tone to (he oppofite vigorous ones of u good latge Magnet, Mr. Boyle found he toald fpcedily change the Poles ot the Fraginciu, but ht cciuld ni)i ilTtdl it in a Fragment that was conlidcrablv b:g;;cr, tho' he tried many Hours. IV. llcolicrvcd, that well-tempered and hardened Iron-Ti'oS, when heated by Attrailion, turii- inj;, filing, Clfi'. thcv would, while warm, attradt the Filing* or Chips of lion and Steel, but not wl,oi. I )kl ; yet, l.iys Mr. Moxcn 1 remember once to have fccn niylclt, and tried, th.it a Piece of a Flic, which w.is in the Hands of Mr. )jr;,r//. the Spcdicle- Maker, did retain tuch atliadtivc C^ia- lity.'that it would take up and keep luli>cnded the Kcyot a Cabinet, or Flu utorc, and needed noFrjc- tiij;i 10 excite this niagnctical Virtue. V. Tlie If.in-bais of Windows, w'aich have long ftootl in an erctfl Pofition, do grow pcrmireiitlv mr.'j,iK'ncal, the lower Fnds of luch bars being the North-Poles, .ind the upper the bi uthcrn j lor, according to ihc Laws of Magnctilin, we find the lower Ends of fuch Bars will drive away tl-.c North hnd of lu Ii a Needle, and will attradl the Southern ; which fliews, th„t by a ccntiiuul P-f- 1 g.: of the lubtilc m.:giietical Particles through them, they are turncil into a kind ot M ignct tl'.ein- lllves. \'L Vi a Bar of lion that hath not long flood in an ercflcd P fturc, be only I eld (lerpeiuiicularly, ill lower Fnd will be the North-Pole, and attract the Souili-I'omt of a touched Nic.ilc ; but tl c i x\\\< Viituc is tranficnt, and will fhift as you invert the l.ar •, Icr the other Uiul. wIum h..-ld lowrmioii, will prelenily iKoine the North Pole: Wherefore, in order to render the (i^ulity of Vcriicitv per- manent n ;:n Iron-bar, it inuil remain a long while in a piopcr PofK.o'i : But the Fiic will pro- duce this L.l-dl in a very fliort Tim ; for as it will iminediatcly deprive a I.o.ui-ltone ot attr,icli\c Power, or change its P.iles (as in Kxperiment i, 2,) lo it will as lo uluil M .deilv, fungi lbs to be t \ That the peculiar Texture of Cxnllitution, by which a .Magnet differs Irnm ci mmon Iron, or.c iKin;.; accurite- and fine, the other rough is fp'jilcd by the rude an rhe JNtRODUCriO A\ \i Ap. fnr, nr Mi Ml.' i tilt- l')i]ii.itor, or Mui({le ot the l£k]untor, this Kiiite (lull expel, or diive awiy ihc fune 1.11(1 of tlir Ntcilk', which the tornicr Kiiitc would atttiu't, whiih F-'xpeimrnt ivAc. it very pr. - I'.ihlf, th.it til Opcrati 111 ot the Mr.niet dcj eiuls on tlic l''lii\ ut loiiie line I'afticles, Which go out ;it out- I'lile, iht u round .ihotit, and ii> again at tlie other. XII. H'XM'ili.' it is one ot the univeifd Laws, of iNatnrc, that At'lion and Kc-iH'U)n are alvvayl ri)ii,il : 'I'hcrctorc, it is plain, the Iron niiitl attract the MapK-t > • inucii as that doth the lion i and \ou til y calily expcriiiiciu it to be (6 in I'ac't, if you place u Mjf»;)et, ot a Pi'cc of Iron on a t'jiU, Jo as that it may (wini freely in the VValcr, for then yt.u will kc that whitliloevcr y u hold III vour Hand will draw the other towards it. Yhisrahie ot Fat'l^., and LiJl of Ex;'criincnts, have been very cxadlly tranfcnbod, that the Rea- der 11 iiiht le ;s much as cither Re.l m or Fvpi-ricnce can tenth tMnccinin^^ the wonderful Nature of this Stone, niul the various Circuindances which attend the Excuion of that l-'aculty by which it bc- Cv)mes ot luch iniinite Bcncrit and Advaiitigc to Mankind. Widiout knowing ihtfc V ircumftances, there would want many Grounds lor cnqui.iug in:o, and difc vcring, as perhaps there art ftiil waiii- iup, futiicicnl (irouiuis for tully explaining the Nature ot Magnctilin, that is to lay, with (nth Cli'ar- iicls, as may liuisfv the Undrrllandin^;, and luc'i Crtainty, as may take away all Feat of Deception or Miitiko in Practice. It this Dodrine of M gncLilin was mcerly a Point of Natural PiiilulL)^..iv. it would be idle tor nic to fpend lo much Time ah'.ut it; but as it is in Fadt tlic great Secret uiiich imifl fooiicr or later dilcl(>lc the Perfcdtiijn of tliat Science t) wiiith Books of this Nnturc bcloni', ! mean the Knowledge of the entire CJiohc upon wiiich we live, it becomes a moft ne clliiry P.iit ot loia Iiiiioduition, bccaule the moll valuable Voyages contain fcvt-ral P.;rticuiars relating t > iMf Matter, which are in Danger of appearing either trivial or tedious, if their Ule and Importaucc be not fully fliewti. The fever"! Ilypothcfes that have been devifed by fpcculativc Men, in order to explain this Mat- ter, have hitherto proved not only erroneous and unfatisfaftory, but by beinc; tor a Tiine judgtd other- wile, have hindered fiich Enquiries as migh.t have turned to the Benefit of Mankind -, for, as Lord Bri- ton long ago fihlirrved, Ignorance is not near fo great an Hindrance to Knowledge, as the Conceit of Knowledge: Thus for Inllance, Kircher'i Notion of magnetic.il F'ibres in the Earth, might make u Man fancy he could account for the Verticity of the Load-ftone. Again, Mr. DomI, a Countryman ol our own, advanced tbmcthing very plaufiblc about the Variation ; for he fuppled there weic two magnctical Poles, which terminated an Axis inclined to that of the Earth, from wheiKc it would fol- low, that under the fame Meridian, the Variation mud be the fame, and therefore as Experience fliews the Coiiclulion falle, it follows, that his Account of the Matter could not be true. Dr. (Jilhcrt, cur Countryman likcwilc, and whole Labours on this Subjcdt can never be enough commended, guard- ed again A this Error, by the Opinion which he advanced, which is indeed very curious, and vciy in- genious, but at the Bottom likewife uidaiisfadfory. He thought that the Earth itfelf being in all its Parts magiietical, and the Water not; the Needle, would conlequently turn towards the Earth whcre- rver it lay, as to the greater Quantity ot magnctical Matter ; but to mention one out of a Multitude of Inftancts that might be given, it is certain, that on the Coatlof Brazil, the Needle turns quite the contrary Way, v/l»ich is lutHcicnt to dcftroy this Notion. The famous M. Dn Carta invented another Scheme lefs liable to Contradidlion, f(;r lie conj-.dluicd, that Iron and Load-llonc, hid in the Bovvels of the Earth, and the Bottom of the Sea, migiit b.- the Caufcs of the Vaiiation of the Needle ; but if thi-. were true, how thould the Variation "f tlat Va- riation be atcciunted for? We know trom Experience, that here at London, the Variation in one Iniii- drcd Years has altered tittcen Degrees, and fomething more, for which none of tliefe Notions account at all, and therefore the famous Dr. Halley took quite another Method, tlv.it is to fay, he took the only right Method, by nift tollctting a large Table of Oblcrvaiions, and iVom thence endeavoured to raifc a Theory. By this Means he went much farther than any of his PredecefT^rs, and his Scheme was thi';, t.hat the Globe was a Magnet, having f(;ur rnngnetical Poles, two near each of the Poles of the Equator, and that the Needle was always povtrned by the nearell of thele Poles. His Dilcourlc upon this Subjedt was cx- treamly well received, both at Home and Abroad, and perhaps, if it had fatisiied its Author, it might have fatisticd tv.ry body clfc; but the ingenious Gentleman who devifed it, having a much (Greater regard to Truth tlian Fame, and to the general Adv. ntage of Mankind, than his own particular Re- putation, foon law that his Scheme, tho" much better contrived, was at the Bottom as falacious as the rell; tor he coiilidercd, that no Magnet tiad any more than two Poles, whereas the E.irth had vifi- bly four, and-jierhaps more; and he hkcwile oblerved, that according to his former Notion, thefe Poles Ihified their Place, which, according to tJie Laws of Nature, and the particular Stiudurc of the Magnet, was iinorobible and .'.blurd. He farther ohleived, that this Variation was regular, and had a certain Period, tho' not Iii.!icrto ptrtcdly dilcuvereti; for, lierc at Lcn.hn, in the Year 1580, it was obfervcd to be n" j^ EatK In 1657, there was no Variation at ail. Jii 1672, he oblcived it himlelf 2" 30' Welt ; and in 1692 lie ohleived it to he ixadtly 6' Weft ; lb that in one hundred and twelve Years, it had tlianged \y\ ' To this it may not be improper to adJ, that in lifty-three Years, which have lince elapled, it has varied I r more to the Well. At Pun's, in 15,-0, the Needle varied 9' Eall. In 1666, there was no Va- riation at all, and lince that, its Variat.oii lias increafed to 14° Well. The moll fouthera Promcn- toiy i>( /Ifriui was, ly tlie iV/.v^;,vs(', lihc ut the Year 1600, called \\\^ Ciif-e li'JgulLtis, ov Cite ^ii rhe I s r R D r C7 I x. I)" //.!« v'lnmlc'l oMavd i( ihc.c. an.l to.nul tl.c tall Va.ut.o,, .... mo,e tl.an 40 . a.,d ... ,6y,. 'eivcn the UcwUt .>scl...r an.l liill-rical n Aaount ol thi« Matter ai we couW, we Hull ihcimpm in Im hvmi Wiirils', >Kcai.U' .t i» iinpolUble ai it vuricii r' W«;ll ncJiSnuK lame CniUnun". Real. n,nns .hca.p-n .., ...y.vw. w.jrus. --.va-.u- "»••"?«'■"»"' . S •' V c. '. t Mai-knul, cat. ;.^ cxtc.uhng iti EHciti trom I olc to Pole, " an.i th.it (he Mmion thcrcif U not [>r /M.'ym, but a pr .liial an.i regular Motion. '« Now uMili.kriiii; the S;ru.iture ot . ur tcrraqucou* (;I.>Ik. u cannot \k well luppofed, that a very ' "fiat I'ul ilKrcof c'.iii iiove within it witliont notably chanj-ji'g its Centre ot Oravity, and the Equi- " hbiiuniot is. Paris which w.uld piutiucc very won.lertul tticCts. in changing the Axis ol diurnal Rota- " ti.n, ami <.iCA(i.«) th.inge Altcrjii..n<; in the SiasSurtjce, by Inundations and Rcceflet thereof, (uth " ,1V liid.ry never yet inei tinned ; IhIkIcs the l-hd I'aits ot the Kailh are not to be granted permeable ' iy any oilier tliai'i tluul i^iibll.ince<, <.t' which wc km-w ik.hc that arc any Way magnetical; (o that " the oiilv Way to rfn>lcr this Motion intellii^ihlc, and |>..|iil.le, in to fuppolc it to turn abotit the Centre " ill tlie K.iit!). An.l tlicic ii. yet reiiuiicd, tii.it tl.i> inovinj: internal Siibllancc be loolc, and detached " fu-m the external I'.nt^ i my lormcr I]ypotheli<: ; tor if this exernal Shell of Earth be a Magnet, *< having ita Pole:: at a Dillancc from the Poles ot the diurnal Rotation, and it the internal Nucleus be " likcwiic a Magnet, having its Poks in two other Places, diltant alfo from the Axis, and thefe latter, " hy a gradual .md il nv Motion, change their Place in relpcdt of the external, we may give a rcalbna- ' l>lc Act.ount ot the t /U( magnetical Pole>, 1 prel'uine to have demonflrated before, as likcwile the " ClungiN ot" the Needles Vaiiations, wlntli till now have been unattempted. " The Period of this .Motion being wonderlully great, and there being hardly an hundred Yean fincc " il eu- Vaiijtions have been duly ohicivcd, it will lie very hard to bring this Hyjxjthefis to a Calculus, " ei(eeiilly, lince tho' the Variation do decreale and incrcalc regularly, in the lame Place -, yet in dif- " krent Place.', and at no great Diftance, there are t.und luch calual Changes thereof, as can no Ways " hcaccouritid tor by a regular Ifypnthelis as depending (;n the unrcjual and irregular Dil^iibuiion of ' the magnetical Maitrr, within the Suhftancc, within the external Shell, or Coat of the Earth, which ' Defect the Needle lupplies from the I'oljtion it would acquire lioin the Effcdt of the general Magtjetifm " ot the whole. Ot ilii>, the Variations at LcnJcu and Puns, give a notable Inftaiicc ; for the Needle " hath ken coiillaiuly about r 30 more EaiUrly a Purii than at LorJon, tho' it be certain, that ac- " cording to ihc ge-ncral Eti'rdf, the Difference ought to be the contrary Way, notwilhflanding which, '• the Variaiijns .n both Places do change alike, • Hence, and from lumc other Things of the like Nature, I conclude, that the two Poles of the ex- ternal Globe, are fixed in the Earth, and that if the Needle were wholly governed by them, the Va- «• which at prelent we have not a Ix.lHcient NumlKr ofObkrvations to determine. Jnd particularly in that ' ^-"f '"'."• J'' /-ur , rt^ruth-S.-u, which occupies fu great a Part of the Surface of the Earth. It tun two ot the |,.le. Ik fued. and two moveable, it rcm.uns to altcr.a.n, which they arc that • keep the..^ Place; and though I could wifl, we had Experirnce of another Century of Years to found «■ our C_)nc,uli ins upon, yet I think wc may lately determine, that our Europfan Pole precedent I) kuuilc 1 lup ' ' ... - - r 1,1 l)e .1.1. ■fi rhc I X r R o n v cr i o x. X!il aiij .. 'i " Ai to ilic fotith I'lilcs, I tike tlic ///u'l \\>\c, which I place alumt the Meridian of ihc Ill.iii ! tVA*- " lift, to Ik* hxtil, and coiilcquenlly tlic /Imitimn l'«)lc to move trom the like Obkrvatioiu '>t tlic Ilnw •' Diirratcnt the V.iriatiiin nn the Coud thu' 1 '• innll tonfels to have no AiLoiint ot the I'.ftcdti oJ the other lieyoi t Mtit^i'llan Sirrights. ■■ ll tliik Im: allowed ine, it is pLin, that the lixt l'olc« are the l'< leti ot this external ijhcll or CortcJc *' (it (he Karth, and the other two the I'olcs ot the ina(;nctiial Niulrus, included and inovcahio wichiti •' the other. It likcwil'e follows, that tiiis Motion i!> Wcllward, and liy Cotilcqncncc, that the a. jriT.iiJ •' Nnclcui hai not praifcly iftuncd the fame Degree of Vihaity, witn the cxtrrior I'lrti in tliiir diur- •' nal Revolution, hut (b nearh rquaU it, that in three hundred fixty-fivc Revolves, the iJifreretee ii •• fcarec Icnfihlc. This I coiueivc to jrifc from the Impulfc whereby this diurnal Motion wi'. impicfsj •' on the Karth, Vx'm^ given to fhcexternii' I'.n -, and from thence, in lime, communieat«'d to the in- «' tcrnal, hut not lo as pcrfcdtly to pqual the V... " ity of the firft Motion hnpreHcd on tluin, and Hill •• conveye»l, by the (upcifr'il l».irt« (?« th' CJlobc. " As tor the (Quantity ot ti. Motion, it is almoft impolTihlc to define it, botii from the Nature of •• this kind of Oblervation, which cannot be accurultly }H:rlorincd, ak alii) from the fm.ill Tinid llicfis «• Variations have been obfcrved, and rheir Change dilcovetcd It appears by all C'iriiimfl.uice;, that " this Period is of many Centuries ot \cvr,, and us far as may be tolUdlcd from the Cli.ingt- of the •' Place where there was no Variation, by Reuli)n of the Kquilibrium ol the two foutliern niagneiical • ' Poles, viz, horn Cdjx (tAugulbas, to the Meridian of St. HcUna (which is about sjMn ninety •» Years) and of the Place where the wcftcrly Variation is in its /tcnu, or grcattft I)etle«ilion, beinp •< about half as much, viz. from the lllc ot Difgo Rioz, to the Ibuth-wetl Paits of Miutlci:t\ wc •« mav with fome Reafon conjcdlurc, that the ylnwricitu Pole lias moved Wctlwards 46', in that Time, •' arul that the whole Period thereof is performed in feven hundred Years, or thereabouts -, (o that the " nice Determination of this, and of fevcral other Partiiuiars in the magnetick Sytlem, is rclerved for «< remote Pofterity. All that wc tan ho|K to do, is, to leave behind us Obfervatiuns that may be con- •' tided in, and to propolc Ilypothcle?, which Atter-agcs n>ay examine, amend or reject. Only here •< I muft take Leave to recommend to all Mailers of Ships, and other Lovers ot natural Truths, that •< they ufe their utmoft Diligence to make, or prtKure to be made, Obfervations of tliefc Vari.uiors in •« all Parts of the World, as well in the north, as fouth Latitude (after the lauilahle Cullom oi < ur Er'/f- u /«•//« Commanders) and that they Iw pleafcd to communicate ihcin to the Ro)'al Society, \\\ order to leave •I as compleat a Hiilory, as may be, to thofc that arc hereafter to compare ull together, and to compleac ■• and pertedt this abtlrufe Theory." There has not hitherto appeared any Thing more curious, cr more corrcift, upon this Subjeft, flian the foregoing admirable Diicourfe ot the late learned Dr. lia/iiy, whole great Abilities, and indefati- gable Diligence, have done the grcateft Honour to this Nation, and fully fupportcd that Reputation which wc had before acquired, of having done more in refpedt to magnctical Difcwvericf, than any other Nation in Europe. His Theory indeed, is at once lb fagacious, and fo ingenious, and witlial, is delivered with lo great Modcfty, fuch wile IVecautioas. und fo laudable a rcganl to Truth, that one may juftly aflirm, it delcrves much higher RclJH-il, and a more attentive Conftderuion, than is ufually due to Attempts of this Nature •, and, if after longer Experience, and a more particular Knf)wlcdgc of the Fafts relating to the Variation in dittcrent Places, it (hall appear capable of folving all the Diffi- culties, with which this Subjedt has been hitherto burthencd, Pofterity will, without doubt pay that due Veneration to the Memory of this Great Man, which his vafl Abilities and lingular I'eiietratioa have merited. But fuppofiny there fhould be fuch Deficiencies difcovcrcd in liis fccoiid Theory, as tliis candid and ingenious Man himfelf difcovcred in Jiis tirft j yet, before this can be done, wc mult Jiave fuch Ta- bles of Obfervations colledled, as muft enable us to form a better Theory, or, which is ftill of greater Value, enable us to come at the Thing itlelf; or, in other Words, we muft be in a Condition to af- fign the true Period of Variation at any given Place : For, till this can be done, it will be limply impoffible to fay, whether Dr. Ha/ky's Theory will account for thcfe Appearances or not: And if once, whether by Experiment, or Theory, a Method be found to eftablilh a certain Knowledge of the Period of Variation, the great End for which it is fought, will be attained, that is to fay, the cafieft Way of difcovering the Longitude will be found. As I look upon this to be the principal Advantage that would refult from our having a perfeifl and certain Knowledge of the Variation of the Needle, it is on this Account that I have iiififted upon it fo largely, becaule this is the Thing which, of all others, we moft want, towards coinpleating tlu Science ot Navigation, which, though greatly improved by the Moderns, and therefore much fupe- rior to the Navigation ot the Ancients, yet, as wc belbrc obfervcd, it is ftill deficient in many Points, and more particularly in this. At the fame Time that I mention this, I muft take Notice of another Thing, which, at firft Sight may leem to be a Paradox, but, at the fame '1 ime, is an indifputabic Truth, and withal a Tiuth of the hi^heft Importance. The Thing I mean is this, that the Defcfts of modern Naviga- tion, though Difaiivantageous to the Science, in rclpcdt to Practice, arc, however, fo far from being difadvaiuageous when tonfidetcd in a fpeculative Light, that they arc really and ftriftly fo many Ex- cellencies tlureiii, when wc compare the State of that Science now, to tiie State it was in ainungft the Ancients ; lor it was their Misfortune to have lo high an Opinion of their own Knowledge, as to charge upon Nature ; or, to Ipcak more like a Chriftian, upon the Condu(5t of Divine Providence, thole Deltdts which were only in themfelves Thus, for Iiiftance, they conceived, contrary to Truth, the greateft I'.ut of t!ic C.'lobc to be uninhabitable; and from this Notion, pronounced thofc Dilco- vcries impoliiblc, which by the Isduftiy of luccjcding .Ages have been made : Whereas with rcfpciit to Nu.Mji. (hj. ' c the XIV the D Jicicr.cics cor the Ar.ciciit.'- rbc I yr R o d r c r i o x f.fll-ii bv il^c Moilern!-, thty arc rcnl'.y fo in,iny Points ot Knowlalgf, as to uhijj h„d luit the luill L'oiKcption ; an is a Mist'.;tf.iiic ; V-t vl.ieh i.< :i threat Felicity As r>ir Inil.ince, Wv ;no\v wli at llicy ar>. d thouj;h wc have not hith.crtu .,ttainci) tliein, whieh and, ill I'jir.c mealure, liuw tlay may be attaiiitj, in-T tlie I.onuitmie; aiui tins in uiir own, know the crcat Importance of (iifcovtring an c.;fy and certain Method (>t Tind. , ■ J ...!,,.r Vifi.iiic lilt iii.fiwi il fl'L- I'lihlicilirii l\ rVfAt .vii, and other Nati>ii)s, i)as iiuUiced tl-e rnblicatif ii i \' preat Kewan' lor'tlx niakiu'j; ot inch Dileoverv nn.l Iniallcr ^ull lie were otTeico tor interiiKi And if this .M:tlK)d wire t.iiiied laiilicr i ao PiaCtue, iiatc Dilciivcries, I do not ;u all d>nibt tliat iiuith grtaur Tl Tncr ini u a:e, clu, in a tlw Vcirs, be attained, tliui we O ' - ... * I « I 1 l_ . ' Ifirineilv reaelieJ in v.!u) .le A iifs. in>lr it. vera ; Mit'-.ods. bv which tiie Longitude may be dileovtrcil, IxfiJcs this; and bccaute it i- imioii ible that tile Reader ihoiil.l enter into tlie uiie Merit ol llioh a Dikoveiy as tins \VOUU thoJs, niili.'.r 1 W -A the IIk Mvof iii.;gne tieal Wiiiaiions, without having a ci'i;i|'etent Notion u» thife Mj- 1 fiiall vinture to dilcour c o: Wjv. Tiie or f them here, as I have done ot other Things in an caly and ta iv Metiiod the Romans had of lettlin- tiie Ddaiuo of Plates, and thereby framing Deli ri('ti. his or that M..por IX'lciip' tlie r.mpcror ,//. Ma[s of Countries was, by adnally meafnring ihem ; and by tliis Means tion of tlie Woild, w! ich was dtpiv td from ^A;/ ///.;'» Tables in the Reign of Portico ercded tor th,;t Purp( fe, was m.,de. It is generally believed, 'I'.-tus, m a I ortico er tli.'t the cele hrltcd Itlneraiv alcribcd to the Emperor Jn/ovha.s, was t.\tra>lU'd liom tl icntc. or woi nd worthy of the greatcff C mmci. datum, conlukiing tlic 'I ime in wJiicli It was nuul idcifiiHy ixa t a !e Init /Vr/-'.vv, the (kograplier, as we 111 cd tiie Method of fixin^; tl.e D.ll. nc'.s have beloie ( blLived, w.is the tiifl who intro bv Lon^itndei atui I,,.::tuilis, wliithlias I een fincc fol- Lvcr tine, tliat the lowed, as bei.i'^ boili cafier and more cx.ia than tlie tormer it i-s However tine, mat tncrc arc iii.:nv, i-.i] lilt le very grl;f^ Mi(l..kes in the Cuograpliy ol I'taw ; .:s, for l:;ll..nee, lie places the l'c>tu'UJt:llbi..ii undei the fame Meiiaian, and \\\ ;:,ivcs tl;cin fevtr.'l D.go.e^ of I.oni;itiule ; and in point of Latitude, he is at leafl ten Degrees cut in Ims Computaiii-n lb: fpcaks ot a City in Cltiui, lyiii;^ in the L.it tude of three Degrees S -uth, whereas we now c-rtainiy Imow tliat the moll Southru Part ot Cbir.a Tus in twenty Degrcis North- Laii'mle lie lias lo del'eiibed tlie g'eat Illaiid ot '/<;- frrjkiinci, t'.iat it ii in a ma: ncr impolllble to determine, at Ic.ll wit'i C'e;t.iinty, whether it be Ciilo>\ SunuUra, or Bziiiio. Hcntc lo ; c very judicious I'^ilDnt have d.-ubted whttlitr the introducing Al- tioDumy has beui of any Uic to C ngraphy, or whether on the contrary, it has not lontrihuled t» cmbarr.ifs and perplex t!)at Scierce, by whi h it is rendered, much mo;e uncertain than it tlie old plain geomefrical iNLthod had been (lid tollowcd. Put, in Aiil'wer to this, it may be very truly alHrmei that the Errors of PtoLmy do not arili: from his Uic of atUonomical Piiiieiples, bi't from his fol- lowing bad Memoirs, and the great Inaccuracy of tlie Ohfctvations made in ihot'e TinKs for want of good li.(\tvunents. The Moderns, who, without Queftlon, have difcovcred much better Methods of making Ob- fervations, have, ccnieqncntiv, bfci\ r,ble to correeT tliefe Errorv, and ellabhfli a new Way ot' difo- veiing the L( ngitude \\i;h Certainty, which it tint of EJipks. To let this Mutter in a clear Li-hl and in as tew Wads as ptiT.blc, 1 fliall lia\c Rccomfc to an Example. As ioon as it was. cer- tainly known that an Fxlipfe of th': Sun or Moon was ohkcvcd earlier a: Htccklolm than at Pari', it lolbwed that S:odUhn mull be Eaft from P.trii. When l.;rtl,er (.)!l.; vatioi.s had detcimincd that an Eelipfc w.'s ol fcved an I bur feoncr at S.'wkhlm tlvan at i'.rm, it billowed, Ir.iin the lame Prin- ii|!e-, tliat 5/c:,W:.V;; l..y 15 Deg Eall ot P,:r:s ; (o that, ngreeablc to the Edid ( f L found by th'i ObUivation to be 55 Dv'. 30 Min. To m..k.- this (liil phiinu,' let us take another Example. It h.:s been found, that an E.iptc haslxen obfcrvcd in the lllmd . f C'Avr.r ti-.ree H Te o? ^1; Tt ''r W 'T .'" ^^;i^"--"^"J/^i"'"'-- tl.e D.n- ,enee ol L, n^itunc betw.en ,hc tw I l..ec,. o , in other \\ .,,d>, how |,,r one is l-.aft <.r W i\ f,-, „. t'-:e other. I mnil noi huwcver di ^mble. tnere . ..ving l.a, lome ()1^. et.ot. „n,ie ,0 ,h. Meth. d notwi:ha...i,ng , l 'c "^ ^^ may upon matuie Coi.l'.deratii n, we n::-,- m! r.ti.i.;ci •V, ;:l.i thereby biin-1 M| ', fii;'g<(l a S((lu!io nings i,;:(_^ I.J- .It I. 'I of ihii D^f^iLuIiy, whicli Rl^l:l . 1., olu'.l tu liii , I mult take No- rioc INTRODl/CriON. XV I 3 \lC- lit i.ikc ,»'■, Notice, that the Objedion is founded in a Fddt, and that Fadl again, upon a Stippofition, that the Earilj is a pcrfcdt tiphtrc, which, however, lomc able Men liave doubted, and tdrii^iicd veiy probable Reafonf tor their Doubts. Sir Jfaac Neviton thought the Earth a flat Spheroid, iind Mr, CaJJini be- lieved it to be a long Spheroid. It is plain cnougn, that il cither of thcf.- great M.ii were in the Right, this would aher the Dldanccs of Places, that have the fame Longitude and Lati'udc, and coiifcqucntly, take away the Giounds of this Objcdtion ; yet, inftead ot' introducing any Cert.iiiity, would bcj»et ibll greater Inccrtainties j for, it n.uft be allowed, that if the latter of tiiefc Coiijtdurcs liad been taken for Truth, while the former really was fo, then in a Courlc of one liundad D^g t.es ol Longitude, the mod expert and cautious Seaman murt have committed an Error of two Dtgaes, which Ihews the I nportance of this Enquiry. His moft Chriftian Mijcfly bcii.g informed pcrkdtiy as to this Matter, in the Days of Cardinal Fleury, when the Arts ot Peace were his C.ie, rclolvc-d, that at his Expcncc, this Point (liould be put out of Difpute, by caufni^ two I)fgic(.s to be nuu{ui-.d, one at the Equator, and the other under the polar Circle, which i.as bven aicorJii.gly done, and tinre- by the Truth of Sir Iltuic Newton'^ Conjcdfure (uliy proved. I knee we have grc.it Rcaluii to expect, that the Figure of the Earth will very foon be perftdfly known, and tlie dliTL.i\.nt Ltig-.lu of Dciirces digcfted into accurate Tables, fo as to- be fliewn by bare Infpcdtiin, and tiitn •.. : have tiic giciicfl: Room to hope, that as the foregoing Obji-dtion took rife from E..ds fallly tl.itcd, it will, by tlie ti uc true ftating of Fads, be entirely takui aw.iy. One Thing more wc (hall obfcrvo bifore we quit this Siibj d, and it is tl.is, that tb.e fevc.al Me- thods of finding the Longitude betore-mcniionLd, depend upon idlionomiLal ()bkivatit;n-., ; n>l tiiol'; too, very nice and exad, which at Sm it is very difiiwult, at any Time, and vuy olttn nnpiadicuble to make; whence aiif s the Neccnity of finding out lomc oiIkt Way of d rcovcnng the Lo ^.tu.le, for which hitherto nothing has bid fo t ir a a peiltd hndp g cu' tlie Van.itiuu (.f tlit- magnetic Needle, which being adjnlLd toa T.bie of Longitudes, thiy wou.d h^n riciprocally fliiu e cli oil er. This, however, we cun never liope, till iucli Tniie as the l^inces ot Europe, luv n^' a'.iJe ti.eif J^a- loufies and Animofi'.ies, uniie i.i the gci.crous and pious D fign of proOn ti.'g tiie onnnon Adv:iitage of all their Subj' d^, by encouraging the Study u[ thole Sciences, w'.ich biiiK^ ptrfed'y undcilfood, would open a Way t > many concealed Branches of Com,; erce, wli h might mal;e ;h>: Inl ahiaiUb of their relptdivc Doniinit ns as rich and happy as themfclvcs could wiih, whciiever t!i;s true and laud- able Ambition (hail take Place of that falle and feigned Ambition which n .w rul-.-s ih-n), wi; may cxp'd lo lie thole great Events, and we may reafonably hope to f e them fi.ll tuke Puiie, at iealt, in P.iit, in that N.ition, where tliis blefTed Change, {o agreeable to the Muxims cf Realon, the Laws of Nature, and the Dodiines of the Chriflan Religion fhall finf appear. V. e re not, however, to hope this until fuch Time as the MiiiJs of Men are, in fome mcafure, cured of certain Prejudices which prevail but too generally at pielent. For hilbmce, while it is pol- fible for any Nation pofTcfled of, or vefled with the l-'ovvcr of improving Commerce and Maritime Fuice, to be induced to imagine that any Thing elie is more worthy her S.iidy and Regard: For with refptd to extenlivc Commerce, we may fatcly venture to alTert, it is the one Thing nectllary in Politicks; an.! it we lUidy and [ urfuc this, all Things elle will be added unto us. It is a riJicuious Thin;-; for fuch a Nation to complain, that licr Commodities lie upon her Hands, that her Manufac- tures decay, that Numbers ot htr People are idle, that Multitudes aie poor, and that her Ccniditioa grows daily worlc and worfe. 1 fuy, fuch Complaints are lidiculons, becimre it is in r.er own Power to rfdreli^ all thcte Evil?, by minding her own Interell, and applving herfe'.f to that Thing which alone well minded, mufl ccitiin'y and abfoiutely cure them all: Hut the m li: lidieuli.tis Cuinnlaint that can be made in a Trading Nation is, agaiiill Smuggling; for that plainly pi\ ves th..t ihe Jias minded htr Btifinefb fo little, that her Neighbours have got tlie Start of her, fuice it is impoliible that foreign Commodiiics ihould be bought clitajHir in one Country than anotlier, un.tls the Laws of that other Country are lo framed, as to opprcls and dilcourage Trade. The Remedy of all thefe Evils, is very loon found, and very ealilv applied, if onre Mens Eves are opened, and their Hearts cnlaigtd ; for it the Undcillandnig be clear, and ihe W ill right, a Nation, like a priv.ite Family, fiion alters its Condition, and recovers, by a piudent .Ma:iai;enunt, uliat was loft through want ol Attntioii. The gieat Engine in both Cafes i, huiiilliv, and liiJulliy lightiy applied, lly Indulliy, with ref ed toa Nation, we miiil mean Application to Trade, as in private Life, wc mean Application to liiifineis; for, both in [ublick, and in privi.te Life, M>.n may l-,e in- dufbious, that is to lay, niay be ai^live, eager and diligent, not only to no Pmpole, but to l>ad Pur- pofes; for Inflanee, the Gameller takes a much I'.iins to acquire Money, us the- Tradetnian, bu: witli "this Difference, that tl« moie he labours, tie worfe he delcrves, and the richer he gro as, the greater his Infamy. 'Net why is he infatijous? Not furcly becaule he feeks Wealth, hut b.ciule lie fteks it in a dilhonefl Way, in a Way, which though i leliil to hiintelf, ,s defluidive to his Neiglibours, i:i a Way ineoi.lilhiu with Soeiety, and whieh tiuly renders him an Enemy to M-niciiui. But alter all, is not Ulu.y, or the Art ol making MiMiey bei^et Money, of the fame PejudivC in Puhlick, as CJaming i . private I. re, and ought not tiie Muxims in Covernmcnt which cnccur. ge tiie one, to bj as univerlallv condcmneil, as thole th.it toler.ite the other. Let any i\Lui, who cor.liders the Conlequences ot botii, ipeak what his 1 1 -art vliditos, and lie tr.iili: fay they ought ; fir if the bate Polfeilion ot Money, will produce Nhm.y ; aiul il by w.itciiing the N e- ceiiit^es of the Piibllek, Men can grow as foon, and as ceitain'y lieh, as by applyi: g their.l'.lves to Tr.ide, It lollows, ihat wheie-cver this hap( ens, the l:ile will eat the Bie.ul oi the 1 i 'llllrlo'.!^ and thnfe Men bf iit tl.c IIe..d ol' a Society, who i^re fneinies to Sieiitv, in Pi.-ofiee at le, il, ii i(>t ni Prineiple. And now lit nie !i,.ve Le.ive to afli, Wherein the Mm who belters his priv.i.e Fjriune, without adv-nciiig the ijt.ck ol the Publick, is bolter th.iu a Cuiuller " XVI 7hc I A' r A' /) V cr 10 n. and move more than Precept?. one But EvamiMts arc better underllcoci, and move more than I'rcccpt^ Let us look Abroad then for Umight be inconvenient to look at Home. The State ot Ccma was once a moft rich and fmcc ■ ' r\„\ n,..M,Wirk noflcliinc iariic to ci"n Doniinions, and (Modigidus Wealth in her own Coffers ; i; w" hi t! cnub cd £ Sul^^^ to bu.ld and plant, lb as I e^labhlh. in tl,e moft barren Part ot J/ A 1 cltv wh"cli is ftill delV vcdiy Hilcd Gawa the Proud. But ho^v did the acqt.uc her ^ Icets, ^D:^:u^:^^h^^^cs> IfldookintoherH-aory wenuHfind. by the very fatnc Me- thod tiiat thdc Blcfl-iPRS xvcrc acquired, and may be acquired m other Countries tliat is to fay. by I uUilhv and Trade. But is flic now polTeircd of them ? Alas! No; Jrom iKing tlie grcateft fhc is of laT become the moft contemptible State in Eur»f>f. And how has this Change been wrought ? By for-Lttinc her true Intereft, by luffcring the Wealth her Trade had produced, to corrupt the Manners ot lier People by running into Luxury and Idlewfs, by entering into cndlcfs Negotiations, and fruitlcfs Allianc'cs -. and finally, by thefc two fatal Steps, dealing in Money inllcad ot Goods, her Mcr- chant. • becoming Bankers, and preferring Funds and negotiable Debts to Manutafturcs and ftaple Comm^ities; by neglcding her natural naval Strength, and depending upn her Allies } by engaging in other Peoples Qiiarrels, and thereby wafting her own Strength, and by prctcrnng tlic pcinic.ous Arts of Politicks to the noble and generous Arts of Commerce: Such have been the Caufcs oJ her Fall ; and may her Fall prove a Warning, not a Precedent ! I call t' e Arts of Commerce noble and generous, bccaufe they extend to all Mankind. If we draw Gold and Spices from warmer Climates, we carry them Things more valuable, bccaufe more ulcful. What is it that conftitutes the Splendor and Luxury of Mexico and Lima, but the richcft Cummodi- ties, and the finefl Manufadlurcs oi Europe ; and what renders opulent tliole Countries which furnifli thcfc Commoditi'.s and Manufadurcs, but the Silver of Mexico, and the Gold of P but where, which Way fhall wc fearch ; wouhl you have u« Freight and Man our Ships, and then turn then a-dtift, in Hopes that Chance may bring them to fome new World ? No. the following Sheeu will Ihew, that the Means oi Finding are very well known ; that the Methods of extending Commerce are natural and eafy, and which is more, in a Manner ceruin i fo that there is no need of employing Chance, the very Skill wc have, will do the Bufi- nefs. It may, indeed, be rcquifite to remove ill-judged Prohibitions, and to break down illegal Ex- clufions, illegal, bccaufe the Terms upon which they were granted, have not been complied with j thefc may be, and indeed will be rcquifite, and therefore they ought to be done. Wc fee in a Time of War, what Encouragement for Privateering has produced, and can any rea- fonablc Man doubt, that in Time of Peace, like Encouragements would not produce as ftrong a Spirit of Difcovery ; moft certainly they would. Let us maintain Trade, and there is, no doubt, that Trade will maintain us. Let our paft Miftakcs teach us to be v-fc, let our prefcni Wants and DifBcultics revive our anticnt Induftry. Let the Perufal of this Collcaion excite our Hopes, and difpel our Fcari and then the prefcnt Age may become as much the Admiration, as it is now in Danger of bccomine the Scorn of Poftcrity. Wc want not Capacity, wc want not Power; but wc want Will, and thcr«s fore wc want Vigour ; let us fupply this Deficiency, and all will be well. In fine, let us defervc. and we flu I certainly fuccced ; for that divine Maxim will be found true in worldly as well as fpiritual Af- fairs, If ve fearcb, -we Jkail J.nd ; tf ux krack, it wH bt opened, ^ 3 0< •i Thi Tl • < Tl Sir T TABLE Q ia- 3 .1 a A i i) rx/i ,i,;jwi: -J -■ '- "^ •■"';■ THE Table of CONTENTS .:'"•' . ■■■' ■ OF THE FIRST VOLUME. CHAP. I. a ly rea- Spirit Trade Acuities Feari, boming thcre- |e, and ilAf- HLE 7^^ History o///5^CIRCUM-NAVIGATORS. ., . • . .'I ' Page ' Page SECT. I. SECT. VIII. T ■^HE Superiority of the >Todcrns, over the The Voyage of George Spilbergen, in Quality Ancients, in the Art of Navigation ; ex- of Admiral of fix Dutch Ships round the plained, and the Caufes of that Supcri- World. - . . •-' 44 ority aiiigned. l "^ S E C T. II. , Tlic Voyage of Don Chrijiopher Columbus. SECT. III. SECT IX. The remarkable Voyage of William Cornclifon Schouten of Horn, and y agues le Maire round the World, by a newPaffage into the South- Seas, c I The Voyage of Ferdinand Maglianes, or Magel- lan, Iroin the South-Seas to the Eaji-Indies, 6 SECT. IV. Tiic- Voyage of Sir Francis Drake round the Cilobe. 14 SECT. V. Sir Tfoi/iiis CartdiJJj, or Qivendijb's Voyage round the Globe. 22 SECT. VI. The Voyage of Oliver Van Noort (the firft at- tempted by the Dutch) round the World. 3 1 SECT. VII. The Rcmarkablcsof ("apt;iin Sibald de IVecrt to the South-Sens and the Strciglits of Magellan, intciuicd as a Svipplcmciit to the former Sec SECT. X. The Voyage of Don Pedro Fernandez de ^iros for the Difcovery of the Southern Continent and Iflands. 63 S E C T. XI. The Voyage of the Nafau Fleet round the Globe, under the Command oijaques le Her- mit e. 66 SECT. XII. Captain Cowley's Voyage round the World, yj SECT. XIII. Captain IVilliam Danjpier'$ firft Voyage round the World, coUcfted from his own Account. SECT. XIV. tK)M. Numb. 6r/. 36 Captain William Dampier'i \''oyage to AV^c- f Ho!- Table of C O N T E N T S. coanu. Page PjI_ Holland, md New-Guinea, from his own Ac- tiviiy, by Way of Appendix to t?ie foruS 112 Sc^ion. 340 SECT. XV. SECT. XX. The Voyage of fViliiam Funnel round the World, as Mate to Capuin lyUliam Dam- pier. 13 , SECT. XVI. The Voyage of Captain WooJfs Rogers, in tlic Duke, and Captain Stephen Courtney in the Dutcbeji, round the World. ijo SECT. XVIJ. The Voyage of Captain Jokn Qipperton round the World, from an authentick Journal. 184 SECT XVIII, Captain George Sbehock's Voyage round the World, Irom his own Account. inji SECT. XIX. Captain Bcta^h'i Obfcrvations on the Country of Peru, and its Inhabitants, during his Cap- An Account of Commodore Rc^ru-ein'i Exik- dition, with three Ships, for tin. Dilcovcry of the Southern Lands, under the Dire-V--^6 rou^h ^ 1^8 Df the Con- 435 CT. ■^ v'«S An Account of the Religion, Government, Laws, Cuftoms, and Manners of the Indians, as they are recorded in the Works of ancient Au- thors. 442 SECT. XII. The Learning, Difcipline, Offices, Manner of Living, and Privilcdgcs of the Brachmam, in- cluding alfo an Accourjt of their peculiar Doc- liincs in Theology and Divinity. 449 SECT. XIIL Of the Land-animals in the Eafl-Indies, as def- cribcd by ancient Authors, compared with|mo- dcrn Writers, and fomc Remarks upon both. 4J8 SECT. MV. An Account of the moft remarkable Fi(h and Fowl in the Eajl-Indiis, as dcfcribed by anci- ent and modern Authors, with proper Obfer- vations and Remarks. 479 SECT. XV. An Account of the Defcription left us by the An- cients of the eaftern and northern Parts of the In- dies, the Notions they had of their Riches, to- gether with an Enquiry into the Reafons which hindered their extending their Difcovcrics on that Side 493 SECT. XVI. , A concife Hiftory of the Rife, Progrefs.and De- cline of the Conjlantinopolttan Empire, together with the Commerce of its Subjeds in the Eaji. As alfo a brief Dct«il of the Rife of the Ara- bian Empire, the Recovery of the Indian Com- merce in Egypt, and the reviving the Trade of yliexandria. 504 SECT. xvn. An Account of the feveral Paffages to the Indies, botli by Sea and Land, that have been attempt- ed, dilcovercd, or pradtifed by the Ancients. 514 SECT. xvm. An Account of the Travels of two Mohammedans through India and China, in the ninth Century 52» SECT. XIX. The Travels of Rabbi Benjamin, the Son of Jonas of Tudela, through Europe, A; a and Africa, from Spain to China, from the Year of our Lord 1 160, to 1 173, from the Latin Verfions of Benedif} Arias Montanus, and Conjlantine fEvipereur, compared wilh other Traiiflations, into ditfcrcnt Languages. 546 SECT. XX. The remarkable Travels of IViiliam de Ruhuquis, a Monk, fcnt by Lwis IX. King of trance. Page Page commonly ftilcd St. Louis, Ambaflador into different Parts of the E,aJ{, particularly into Tartary and China, A. D. 1253, containing AbundanceofcuriousParticulan- ••elating to thofe Countries, written by the Ambaflador, and addreflcd to his Royal Maflcr King Louis. 556 SECT. XXI. The curious and remarkable Voyages and Travels of Marco Polo, a Gentleman of Venice, who, in the middle of the thirteenth Century, pafled through a great Part of AJia, all ihi Domini- ons of the 'Tartars, and returned Home by Sea, through the Iflands of the Ea/i-Indies, taken chiefly from the accurate Edition of Riimu/io, compared with an original Manufcript in his Pru/Jian Majefty's Library, and with mofl: of the Tranflations hitherto publillicd. 593 SECT. xxn. A fuccindl Hiftory of the Empire of the Great Mogul, from its Foundation by the Great Tar- tar Conqueror T'imur-Bcc, or Tamerlane, to the prcfent Times, taken chiefly frotii the ori- ginal Writers. 629 SECT. xxin. A compleat Hiftory of the Rife and Progrcfs of the Portugueze Empire in the Ea/l-Indies, their Difcoveries fet forth in their natural Order, the Form of their Government in thofe Parts ex- plained, the Caufe of the Declenflon of their Power examined, and the prefent Pofture of their Affairs in this Part of the World tru- ly ftated, coUeded chiefly from their own Writers. 66a SECT. XXIV. The Voyage of Francis Pirard de Laval to the Ea/l-Indies. Hisfliip-wreck amongft the Mal- dives, and his copious Account of that Archi- pelago, tranflated from the Author's original Voyage, publifhed by himfelf in French. 701 SECT. XXV. The Expedition of Commodore Beaulieu to the Eaji-Indies, containing a faithful and accurate Defcription of the Sea-Coafts, and Commerce, as alfo Abundance of curious Obfcrvations on the Manners of the People, the Nature of their Governments, and the Means of efla- blifhing Colonies among them, written bv M, Beaulieu himfelf, and publifhed by M. The^^erot, in his large CoUedion of Voyages. 7 1 7 SECT. XXVL The Remarks and Obfervations made by John Albert de Mandelfloe, in his Paflage from the Kingdom of Perjia, through feveral Countries of the Indies, tranflated from the Original, written by himfelf. 7^9 SEC T. T A n 1. 1- oi SECT, xxvii. C O N K NTS. P.it^e The rcmai:)in; Vovagtscf jchyl'fi'' «/<_• -V./'/- ,/,'//7rc tlui'u-li (he Ihlies, intliiiiing; liis Dcl- cr'iptioiisot C.nintrits, liilloiicil Riiivuks up- on levcral N.aions anii li> Obiciv.iti -i.'. on the Coinnicrcc ot the Po't:.pi\'<; Ei^ip a^A l'utd\ at th.it Tiim-, tr.inllitct tr(Mii t'lc Au- thor's orijjii-.al Voyage, wri:;cn hy hiinliil. -j J SECT. XXVIII. A fiipplcmrn'al Accriint (il the Coinm:idiiicsanil Manul.Kiuics .iiiii Proiiucc ot tlic levcral Coun- tries 1)1 the /'..//li, to[!cther wit'n Reniar';'! im tlic Natuic .Mul \',ilue or tli.it T adc in rclJKvt t) Eui(f<\ lioni the VVoiks ot Jckn luiftili 'lavertiitr. ■ ■.-. ^^° SECT. XXIX. An Account of tiie liiftercnt R-nits to nil the !:rcat Cities and chit. t Mails in the /Kard a Dufcb Siiip, iroin lii!- tavia to /iwrc/.-, wtiticu by hinilcll, loon af- t.r hio Rcta.il, 842 SECT. XXXI. Obrerxntion"; and Remarks made during hib Refi- dence on the Illind nf Cl:t;h:v, on the Coall of China, by Dr. yaina Cunningham, Phvfi- cian to the kngli/h Factory at that Place, Iroin his own Accimnts. SECT. XXXIl. A fuccinc^ Ace unt of ilu- Adventure-- of Mr. /r/.'- litim ylJiim;, an Eng/iJI.nhi'i, who rcfuitd ma- ny Years in the Empire ot Japan, and was the Pcif-n who induttii both the Engli/h and ilie Dutip to trade tliither, collected "as well from his own Letters, as Portugueze aiij Duttb Writers. 856 SECT. XXXllI. t' e Inl, .bifants ct (htU lirU.an and the i'co- ple in the I'.iif.'-I'itliii, containinj; likcwilc a coiiipK.ii llilb'v of tin- i'.h'l !n,li,i {. «inip.i- p.inv, lioiu IIS E:rvtu)ll under (|i^icn /•!..•;-,;. hrtb of glorious Mtmoiy, .iiui ot the liver,.! Altiiitioiis that !i ive been iiuJ'j therein, ilowu ti) ti'.epiclciit lUijn. 87 j SECT. XXXIV. A lurciiid llili ry of the Rile, I*ro;.;rcfsand Eft.i- blidiment I't the Du.'cl' Ea/i-lrJ-.r Company, W'th a Vi:w of the immeiile Pr fits arifing ir m that Commerce, an i ■* Prof|Hlilljcd at Ojiend, by the late I.mpcror ilarln VI. collected troin pfiv.itc Memoirs, as well ao publick Hitlorics, and AdU of State. 965 SECT. XXXVII. The Hiftory ot the Danijl Comtnercc to tht Eaji-Indits, their Etlablilhinents there, the Decay of their old Company, and the Mo- tives which induced them to let up a new one, intcrfpcrfed with original Papers and Memoirs. SEC T. XXXVIII. A ruccin([\ lliftory of the Su;-diP> r^li- India Company ; including an Extra^: '. iric Royal Charter. 980 % An hilloricai Account of the Intcrcourfc between CONCLUSION. 983 T H L (■ J It': 1 ,-v. i-» in Hi j7 r !'•■! ,4\ '-1 'i»|i»'' ^v > i //, « . ^;// •( ; I I ■/, /..I f / i^ / i > <^ •T» ft 'x: X ./ It »/ -t .. >L _l r\ y --f' -*^- ^r!& £ t«- k;. -J*.- VMJ. lu^ I ll i ^*/*/,^C .1 Af ^ X <•> ^v*; J ^ SI South .^^^v^ Jl A A » 1 1/ «^ •.*!«««M_ '•'"*• 1 P K HIT Iw ^>A.Vv«ll7 >LANU R I C jiur-i«»« ■r. MERI CA VZ:Sr^ -^ /..X> wi' '^^'^^^ "^ W^^ [c ' "THIOPI A J^ -^' ^'rtJI«n.^ MOKOM 7 ■' X ^^ . 1 ■1 - I R I t«««wM ^ /«««.K^ >^ II is** •J -r rm Mo s covV .Mi, AircJEi. ■ T J^^ Kiiliii»k« ^^- -X -/ junr ia >^/.y DVf.r.KRID iijo j\<s'""' I*s3»^^^ jv*fci«^»»' M if n w "y*/ i>i :uiwA%-^COKO>|< lAsrriiiLN OR / ■ ^. -4 / — ^ * NcFvigantium atque Itinerantium Bibhotheca. Or, A Complete Collection of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. B O O K I. Aii Account of the Circum-Navigations of the Globe, and of the Difcoveries of the Eafl and Wefl Indies, c H A p. I. The HISTORY of the C i r c u m - N a v r g a t o r s. S E C T I O N I. The perftcJ Kn ivkJgt of the Glohe due to Modern In-juirics. i. Reafons "why the Navigation of the Jntit-nts icas imptrfdl. 3. -They kne'ji not -^'ith Cftainty the Figure of the Earth. 4. Vndtrjlood yljfroK'.my but ivdiffrrently. 5. And loere ignorant of thi IJfe of the Needle. 6, The Moderns have oiu-rome all thefe Dijficultie!. 7. Many of them have fur rounded the Globe. 8. IntroduSlion to the IliJIory of thef Clrcum- navigations, y. Our Ke.'Jo/isfor including thut of Columbus in t/jeir Ninil/er. ■ 1 1 EacniratcKnowlcilgeofthisGlob^ of Karth and Water ;t/(: Piiilofopliy b;luvjd, that it floated upon :1k- W.t.r lik-j a BjwI 1 and .iiuixinuihUr v.oi.Kl have it, th.ii It r.lembied a Column or Scone PilJ.sr ; Dciiioaitus, N !■ MB. 1. otiicrwife a very great Man, thought it h(j!low, like a Dilli ; and Jnaximenes taught, that it was flat, like a Table, and fuflainjd by the inlerior Air. Lcucifpus de.tnbed it as approaching nearelt the Figure of a Drum. In fuccecding 'limes, I^.lantius and Au^ujhnc thought the Earth infi- n;:;!y extended downw.irds, grounding this Notion upon the Sciiptures, or rathtr feeking Afliflance from them, in Su[)port of their Opinion. It is mofl evident from this Diverlity of Sentimtnts, that they could draw no jult Con- dulions, eitluT as to the Parts of it that were then undif- covered, or of the Means of difcovering them ; in onier to which, nothing was lb nc-cefi'ary as having true Notions as to the Figure of the Earth, or at leail liich Notions as came near the Truth. 4. In TLgard to Ailronomy, they were likcwlfe much at a Lois. Ilippanhtis w;is the firlf who made aCataL>^ucof the fixed Stars, and he fluuriihed about 1 50 Years before Cbrijl. .'\bout 300 Years afterwari'-; the fuiious Ptolemy correitcJ his Tables and eftablilhed a Syftem which lalUd many hundred Years, though there were great Errors in his Cal- culations i which were in part reifitied by the t.inious Tycho Brabe, who tiourillud not much above 100 Years ago. I lay nothing of Liter Difcuverits, becaiife t ;ey have been made by th- I lelp of the Telcfcope, an lailiuir.cnt as little kno\\n to -lycho Brabe as to Hipparchus; and yet the fi'rmei has lu t been found to err muih above Two Miiiutes, ( ven by the belt modern Aftronom^rs w\m-^:KHippaiebus olLcn tailed Iialfa Degree in Longitude and Latitude i and (Very I ody knows how far tuch Iinpcrfc.'llo.ii inuft afiiC;^ that science, when ipplied to Navigat.on. B c Euc '//v V () V A (. 1 S rj Hook 1. 1 ' .t I «. B'ffhf ('rrit ImtHiinium oldu- ariitnt N4vii>nlvc th.U lunlLiy I'n'l l-ni, ilv hii-iingin any t'Ut iho 1. ur C4r,;i. al To'iif, .•.n.ilUili ir.tamriiaic on-sai wcro nrcdliiry, ^nUwt m", *»i<''. it Wis fimply imp'.tliblc to Uil t.ir. N iw tlic Aniun;- li.i I 110 r it.iin w.»y to tiiul thi' Nnili aiul Soutli l'«'ii«"« 4« "7 timr, amithcTcror.'»Uiill not frnll lli inUlvrMnto tlw wiJc ()>;in, hilt cuaili\l otily .iL-i^; tlu- .s:>or«,tlut ih-y nu^ht by liimc M^iu k.\o^ w.urc tlicy w>rj-. In the I lay uim- thty WW. it'll- t.. liivltlic \..rtli.inlS. i. By tli.' Sut;M Ninht.iurtiai- l.irly tli'.l.ittle Ik'or, .ind tlu' Star iii its Tail, lallnl tin; l'«>lc M.ir, wliith w.iMiuKh t.um! with Aiuiniiity. .iiu! Hxii to lliL'w tlinn til- North, .ir.v! thin i>y jll th.otlui I'l'ints . t.^r, tijininj; thii; 1 .Uf t > i!. the \ .i\\ w,is ivi tlir Kii;ht, the Will on tlu- l, t.ir ironi the .Slu)ri>, which ilirtCle,! tliein ajfo thefp Fonts i ti-r tliey couKI not at all iiiiu . iifc the .Sun a:-,ii .Stirs lor th.it liul. A thiril Mitho,! th-.y wlul was by obl/rvin^; tlu I'uii ts they hai! run in -, !or kirs thr lull I'Uei lir etii. Ainiil tfie r V. yjges w..n;cncra!, fi»vt^ relation to die W liol , nA mikini* U» lenlil-lr, tl:at «« t:.' new .syitem v^ns lu'jiiy r..»loi.al)!e in 1 huory, ( > ihe Ke.j tbnini;. desloicd Ironi* it wne calily tedti.i.l ly I'larie. I h.' lour «)l tilt \No:'d J. emu to In- or.e oj the lubbiri It l.ntir|'ri/.ts vsitliiiitlie LniiipaKot Ittin an \L«r.ity i a .d, i; It tould h.tsr liiui .I'll 1. vil III Ixim.i Age*, vsoiild lu>e btcii .ikbiatid III a iiuiiiur worthy the Uiiiatakimj l.\ the (.'f.v* .iiid /*/ '/ Wrifis. Hut, a» It was nut, it teems tu i.i|iMi- in a p-micira-- iiLiimr ourtai/ a^>l Atiauiur, iipeiiilly linie wc ar<* li.riulli.d with abiindai.ie ot ai.ihentk Hriatiui.<, whul, I'ully I luble tsto ihtw licw ihu unit lkn\\n\ wai Jirt^ mn- tene.l , !i w tai i.iriitd iiito T.Vs u'.io.i bf, ti'.e lull ||. viiitor , liow It wav atii.is*a!vls i-iol.-iute.l. u:.: wlut addi tioiial i)ili«>vcnM havi brtii iiiailt by eaili luiivedii.^- CiiiuiiMiasit'atipr ,^. r;iisl.einb tok'tlie mo;e iri]uifitr, bet .«i!'c hithirto, notsMihIlinding tlie runi'.'Ous Coliiflionj s^c luve, tliae b.is ncvir yet U-en .my loki.ibie .Am^iiit #u'ii ot t/n, Matter, lay, I ihmk it tn.iy be lafrly afflitind. tlut tlieic niver »,in lonuiih a« an liuieavoui luadeol tins Kind, at le.ill !B that Kxt nt in whuh we projxile it. l-or our In tuition I* to give a tueeinil .Xetoiint ot all the Ciieuni- iiavijVit^'ns, ol whiiii liit^iui.t Memoirs t.m hr priKiiiei!, trom the very tirll .Attempt I'ovsn to the i uteni I llllc^, il.i'mg-iJhing the Caules, Coi le^uemrs, ajwl nn.ft mteicll- ingLiruinillanus in eveiy \uyage, and |Hiie with a generous Thiril ol |-,mii!atuin. 9. In order to thii, we are next to tprak of that illullrious Ci-HcrJ}, who tirrt lramt\l an Mea ol th^- I'oHUiility ol th* thing ; and then torn:ed lo many lull and |nwcrtul .\tixu- mei.ti i:\ Supjiort ol his Notion, as brought over to li.s Opinion the moll able and I arnnl Men ol his Time, tvui beiore he had demontlrated by his full .Attempt, that it was nut -joilible only, but piaifticable -, and tlus too in lp:g!it ot the many I'lriudurs tliat were railed agaiiitt it In treating ot liis I'rojeil, .wul ol the I'ains it loH l.ini hxtore he lould engage any ot tlir I'riiiecs ot Cl>rijhn.ii,m to enable him to un.lcitakt the I'.xetiitiim ct it, wc (hail infill more largely , kiaule, though it is a Story tli.it ho.-. been oltrii told, yet arc there m.tny LiriumllaiKcs relatinr^ toil, wliuh liase Ikui hitheito lo impcrteClly reprcleiit'i!. as to take much trom tlie Merit ot that great Man, whole Steadiinf, and lelitity in performing, wire not more ad- mirable tlun hik Wildom and I'encti.mon ui contriving, lo gl(;rioi,i ail Aitimi. s K c r I o N n. Tl}e Voya'^ii of D o s C n k i s r o i- 11 t r (> o l t m u u s. •fir i-./v./Vv i!!:.J(:i.:nirlr of Col'.iinbn';. 2. Tl.r Storia foU lo lis PrfjuJicfh thf Spaniards. ■?. I'lu'h l..i:f'.l. ; . ...;.. 1.:. !._.■ n . ;. . .1 . t^^rn V ,.. .' .. ^ ., . . -^ 4 K ... ...,..._. .■„.,. .111.,, jf ..^.^i.iiiii.ii-. i. I i.i Lii'jr It > iJiii I'J VI) r r rjiian r py irr syaniiiTan, ■^, itiiii !:irh rrjutc tLjt- C^lumniii, .nul prove his Proj.il to /v //■<• EffU of SttiJv rather tLm Informatiot,. , 7?.7.<7r',/ Av //vflciKK-le, and iijtcriciirth Av //<■ AV'.'j ^7 I'ortu^al, y. Vropofi'd to, itnJ (icCif*-i{ h\\ ..V/;^ lleiiry WX. '4 iMi-land, tha^^h t,'> lati. 6. CoIuihImis I'Auiti tl.rir Laibclic Mujcllia. 7. 'V-^- many Ditfuultin he met 'd:ith bejore hit Propo/lih vcc ticoptfJ. 8. IL unJtrtahs his Fir/l A'cv,.'^.- :n fie Aaiunm of 14.^2. 9. His Cre-J h.\'..'ne mutinous, nn.l 6/>/r:;e him to promi/e to return, //, in Three Dint, theydmrjvernoLind. 10. llis /Irrreal in one of t'.e^ Ijlands ijlledlAKnyM. 11. &//A from t''eme to Cub.i. ic. A'.-,/r;;i to Spain ; lis R,xeptiontl:cre, and fultfe'fuent Vosaget. 13. The dinfes of hisTrouhles. 14. Hn Fourth roya-e. Return, Viage, and Decenfe, Mav 20'. 1506. "if. Remarks en I.HS Conduff, and the remark.ihU Story of C'ulumbusr Iv-'^. ,6. Jln ormn.il Dejign mij/.iien, or over- lookd, unti/ revii-ed and /•ro/eeuted />y Icrdiiiand Mi^ell.iii. ' ■ Oi''^"''^'"' ^'; '''!'"''" '\ '"■• ^^ '■■•" ■'^P''"--'^rJs rail him, or tlie I'ljrc where he was born, they coukl not U- cxai'Uy f^/9^wasdtlcemledoi.inanticmlainilym the'Jer- detrrn.incd by his Son Don lerdmaud, who wrote In-. ritory ol the Stntc ot Gf .-.-.t. Hu: as to the Tunc when, Life, u; d thcrcloie it would be Time loll lor ui lo inciui.e .about Chap. I. C H R I S T O r fl I R C O 1. U M B U S. J alwut llirnK We ftwll roiuciu oiirlelvp* thrirl )io with r timg "lown only t.i«Mr./j imlral, who, notwithltatuimi', th, {jic.it "htvhis he iliil them, envied h» Reputation, liuauft lie w.i% not their Countryman, luvc ciriuUttil aluiiulamc ot Siorits with a View to make the VVorlii bclii vr, that In only pro- litrd by the Mistortunc3 of other Mtin ami, as tliislicmH t.o be a point that has never Ixrcn throughly uiiilrrll(KKl, 1 Hatter niyli!t, that the Rcailcr will not think titluT his Paiiin or mine ill Ik (lowetl m ( |( arm;; it up. Ihey t. II ii-, that one Martin fiiitnt, a Manner, who uliil the .hor,i or Teretrai, hid told him, that he wa* nnie cairiid it ur hundnd ami litty Leagues to the \N «ll ol Cape s:. I itiioii, and there took up a I'icrc ot Wo

, and having read of liith growing in liiAuy he fupjxjfcil, that tome long and violent Witlem Winds liad brought them thither trom theme. 1 he Inhabitants alio ot the .kor(3 had told him, that ftroiig Well and North- weft Winds had brought by Sea, upon (Ir.niofa .md /•jyrt/, certain Pine-trees i Two dead Mm alio on thcCoall of hltres, with larger Faces than are ulual in thole I'aits, and quite a different I ook ■, and I wo Caiiors another tunc, driven alii) by tin Wind. .Intciito l.ettu, ot Miidc:r,i, had rcbtcd, that lying carried in Ins Caravel far Wcthvaid, he bclieval he law Three Iflands : And another of that Illand had fued to the King ot Portuj^nl, in the Year 14S4. tor Licence to liiltovcr certain Lands, whieh he Iwori: hi- had feen every Ye.ir ovcr-againlt the .kon-]. Difgo ^r'ldZfiez fiad Forty Yeais before Ixm carrinl lar into the Well, and there obfiTved the ."seasi and Wiiuls lui h as it the I.j:iil w.i not far ol, as he atlirmcd to Colmnhu^ : And another Mj nncrtold him ol I«ind he had lien l.ir Well from IrflanJ, which IS luppoled to be hinvfuioidland. Pcdio dc I'elnfio had olilervrd the like in his going for fnlaiid; and hxcfnt Dim, a Portuj^al I'llot, had lanlied, in his Return trom Ci'tt/«i;y, he law an Mand in thcllei!',ht of Madeira f tor whieh alio -Searih was afterwaixls made, but no Diliovery tollifwed. The had, however, upm which the greatert Strel's is laid, remains yet untold, and is this •, That in the Year 1484. one /llonfo Smubez, of llueliia, in the County of A',r/'/rf, died in thelloufcof Chrifiopher Co'.umhus, in the Illand of Terura, and lelt him his Papers, from whence he acquired thole l.ights that dinchd him in his great Undcrtakmgs. This .llotijo Sanciez liad lor many Years traded from Spain to tJie Canaries, and trom t]\enee to Madeira ; la his lall Voy.ige irom whence he was carried out to Sea, and, after Ninc-and-twenty Days Sail- ing, arrivdiat a certain Illand, fu|i|iofiil to he liijhtniohi, where he landdl, and look an Otileivation. lie kept an rxac't Journal ot all the Ociurretucs ^ jn>l, after a tedious Voyage- Inkk, in which he loll Iwilve out of .Seventeen ot iiii Men, he catitc to'/>rtyr pure Invention, appi ,us trum hciiee \ that C.r.lmnLut had |)crteAcd his .Sclmm-, and aiJlually otl'ered a to his Countrymen the (!eni.iji, in 14^*4. i l'.<' Keal<)fi» he went iijxjn were rhe|i; ; That t r. higuiv ( f ti.e I'.uth being Ijihineal, it was hiidily proh.ibli , that the Coiitinenr on one Side was balanced by .m etiiial (^lait 1/ ot Ivirtli on tlie otiier. 'I'hat the Pcr- iWiHi-j,: iiavin;', ,i:r ady ililiuvertti, lirll Illands, and then a v. ill l'ia:t it (.ountry, by failing Fall, it was highly likely, or r.iihir in a manrer icrtam, that, by tailing Wetf, It was ecjuiily piiliM.' 10 reach other lilands, and the other Side ot th.it Coiitiiiiiit \ that this would be a new Dil- cover;', ot equal V.ilue with that which then made lb great a Ni ilc' i and that ih re was the greater Certainty ot it, linec It hid lH\n ohicived in the Cape tli ot the 1 lonour and Aiivant.ige rtfulting trom the Difeovery. 'I he Defign mil'catried, through th:r want of Cour.ige and Conduct in Perii)ns employed v but Columbus, fniiling out the i'rick, was cxeeeilingly incciiled, fo that though the King of Poitu^^nl would have treated with liiin a lecond time, being himliif a U-tter Judge of luch Projeills than any other Prince ot his Age, yet he ileciined it, and re'.ojve.! to ajr.ly elh wliero ". 5. This was in 148^. In the faint Year, having fully inftrikteil his Brotlier Ihirtholomew in his intendc\i Project, 'le lent liim into i.n^^land, with Dircdions to ajiply himfeif to llcnry V'll. wiio was juftiy reputed one ot the wifelf Monarchs in Chrijlendom, in ho[xs that he would embrace a ProiKjlal manilellly tending to ids Profit •, and in tlic mean lime lie prepared liimlilf to go into Spain, on thi: f.ime Accouiit. Hariho'.omcw Cohiinhus was fo unfortunate as to fall into the I lands of Pifates, who ftiip|x:d him of all he ha.l. On his coming into England in this poor Condition, he fell ill of a Fever ; and, when he recovered from th.it, lie Ipc-nt limie time in making Maps, and telling thtni, belore he put himfeif into Huh an Equipage as cnabhd him to addrels himfeif to the King. This how- ever he dill in 14SS. w.is well received, and achially entered into .Agreeniei'.t with that Prince, in the Name, and on the Ikhalf, of his Brother, feveral Years hetore he clofed with their Catholic Majefties, as his Son tells us in his Lite •■. By virtu£ of this Agreement, it fliould teem that our Title to the new World is prior to that of Spain. This • lliirira, Ox,irJi>, (itmtra, I Ji Ifj/rji, P Miir/tf. — ^ /'/ Rt\,i! ('^mm/nfii, i\i of Pan Purc'ai'i IMjjrim-, Vol IV'. p. I;.i4 • 'I he .^uthnr here iiitMni is I'lltr Mtiftyr, uhu viuitc a: ciie very 1 imi', .mil ei a manner Iroin i'.chrni ui\ own Mouth. In iiu c.\.\>i,: Fri'll*. «, lit Bid thric U'onli : " Auulluc iiiei-.tcni, f.ipicnt:llimi liuo lciie(>.entc> i iim'ite novum •• riventum MenunillisColonum J.iguruiu iiilhtin'c in cIlriN .ipuJ Rij;.", ilt jierciriiiiJn por i>ctii!uo. .AutipoJe.-, noio TiTiiiruni Heiuilphjrio •• mcminiflcoportct (.^iia lir re vubilrum alinuamlo iiOuni i-ll Nee (ire viltro, ui arUlrur. conlitio rem hie :igi;rillui ell." 1 his ilaiio'i'lr.uca tia; Irjc Inienliun of ihis great M.in, anil tvulmtly Oieiv , th.it he liiii tut Jiri»e hl^ Nulioiii from II:'- he.iriiy Kiiiic:ice cC fuch Seauiiii ua he con- verCrJ viiih, luit frtlly knuivn ; trnni ivhfnce he righily inlerreil, th.ic Ihe want of luch Harmony in M.y I'oini of V ieiv, was an .Xrguniiia, chut the Whule was not uitirely ilifcovertil ; ami that utiatcver »as reqiiilite to crtablifti that Marinony, *,!■. uioll likely to U the I'art onccalcd. '' There is another Account j-.ivcn ot this Matter, t'/i th.it Care wa> taken the l>eli!',n lliould inilc.irry, in orJir Co ililcrcilit t.-/,(»i.'*', bccaufe it wa; iiyl liic IntcitU tl the i'irtu^.11 t' tlut this Method cf Uifcuvcry by the Welt llioulJ be piuriicJ. ■■ • tlatlUit. i» r I/. .■; ■ 1: L' •1 ::(■.. ' l;\ m .Kl^i'.f'f m-Mm I 4 1 V O Y A (i h S i\ ! I ;.{ uinillKa it liuisfial With his I'rojKilals, luvf iinploya o\v,i Acaiunt;. But they wire I'o ihlluUnt ct him as an _ . . ., ,..,>„.,, „,,i, .,„.iivi, wuu lumniKa /.'.j.'ijfl Frui-Cior, and I'lif wlm had ahiady tiiatcil wiih tiic hail oi Cpluiiii/!i.'\ Miaiv' »)1 tlir 1'.x|kiuc, whitli, bv k-vcral i'otcitaits on this Siihjcct. that ihcy would not •'- ■^' "" i-.i. . _.;. i .. «i . . . . ■ confenc to liis Dcliirs, or imdinakc tin; Ivxpcdition at their own F.xivncc. Ycr the (ii i\'ity of lii>. Uthaviuur, tiie Sticngrh ot liis Argiin-.cnts and tht- r[.n;',htncls cf his private Lile, induced tiuni ti (hew hini ('.iiat Rclpcct, and tvin to loiintin.incf hb Ai^iiiatit-n to thiir Catholic Majifticf, Do)i indtnand, anil Dtna lilwt'.l.u who \vc';c thrji ingagtd iminving the Mccn out ot o/jpj, ar, ! w.'io, ,^i' -.1! vt,.,, — a I.I.. I.. . I- II. ... 1 •- .<.,^...v, ™. ,11.11, U_V th;- Agicemcnt, was lo Ix: a Ici.nii oi ihi: W iioli.-. Ihiic Two Wire Caravi is ur Carvtis, tliat is, VelUis w;tlitL.t Dick^ 1 and all Ihrce Ships tarried about lio Mm: Ilnr.Tu indeed fiys but Nimty, in whitli lit not oi.ly djla-'ecs witli other Millorians, wlio wrote from good Munoirs, but alio troni PiUr Martyr, who wrote at ti.e v.ry Tiiix the dung liappened, and'tiom his own Know- let ge. A;l 'l'hini;s king re.idy by the latter L'.nd of oiMi iiigagiu iiioiuiMg uir .wciri out or o/jf>J, an I w;i(), let ge. .-xi i nini;s ixing rt.uly by the latter L.nd of ot all Fnnces, were moll likdy to eiKOiir.^gc f.) nol le and jut), Cc'u/r.iuj repaired in I'eiloii to Pulas, where he em- generous an L'ndertaking. His old J-riend Iru-r Juan l-urked on board the Admiral of his little Fleet, and, luv.n" Pcrt-z i.V M.jrii:n.> .ilhlled him alio in this .\pi l.eation, aiKJ a la:r \N ind, put to Sea on IriJuy the ^d u\.,utujl i ■ \)i. furniihul I'.ini with i.att-rs oi KeiommeuMtKin to the '1 he n.xt l.Xiy tiie Rudder ot the Psnia pro\ed looie' Qvicen's Contellbi, iner i ir.snuvul u\ laL^^ra, a Man of which thiy lalitned as well as they toulu with Lord.' great Learning and I' obity, and one who 'iukI the Vav of which ^wcvcr diil not pref'erve it long •, and tliis t'.eta- thcir Maidlus to a gicat Degree ; by wiiuni he was very mined tliem to put into I'ort. Some ot th'e Scanun woi 1 i kindly received, and. pronii;ed all the Aii.lbnce he could have interpreted this as an ill Omen ; but Ulumoia told cxpeic tor the furtheni-.g him in his Aj)p;ications ; in which them. No Omen muld Ix: evil wher'- People went uixji a the Conlefior kept his Word religioully, and never Ktt good Delign. Ik li.nv.le tM;k a gnat deal ot I'aiL' to :s Behalt, till he brought the Matter to i;,llruct ihem in the Pnnnples oi Navigarion. and to give them riglit Notions ot the Ui.d- rraking in whuh they wac foliciting on h bear. -. Itwis m the Ye,!r i4.S6.tIiat he Ugan his Negotiations with their C'atho.ic M.ij-.llius ; wtii. h he did Liy prelenting to them a I'ttition, letting toith the Nature ot h.r Del'gn, the Advantages that would tlow Iroin ir, and th.e Reward cinLwrked, in order to keep up their Spirits. <). On the 1 1 th tliey had Siglit ot tlieCW;r/.j, where t'.ev liayd till ^ift.i„:cr the ( th, iitrJhin.; thenilelves at i.'/.- Ilk Gomaa ; bi.t wei.t oil then tor 1. .u oi the Ponu.utjf, he ex,cn /y.^'. iate:e;i,d k uelt u.uidy on ks IW a , ions \;r';'V ''''"'-(''. "i'*^'''^^'''''^'-''^'-' •1 wo Oblhu les on.y rcii.a.i.ed .0 i. ove C.ik- 1 L t\\ ^ou d I'l u. !"'' [''7 '"" '"'" ' '^'"'y- ' ''"'^ *' '-" wa% the finding M. riey tor el.!,ay,ng the Fx.x- le.of ov^rk, u ?' •'"^'"••*^'- ''•■"-^•'"!^ •'!;•..„, helhouid,;. W;lh Chiip. I. Christopher Columbus. with fair Promifcsof great Rewal-ds, upon Condition of a on the i/;th of February 149;?. at the Ifland o^ St. Meiry\ little more i'aticncc. And though he made fliift to cheat one of the Azores, and foon after returned to Spain, where them into a little good 1 Iiimour, by crying out Land, on he was very kindly received by the King and Queen, who the 25th ol September, yet tliat Calm was quiekiy fuc- caufed him to fit in their Preilnce, the higheft Honour a ceeded by a more outrageous Storm than before : The Sub'iecl could receive in Spain. It is to be oblerved, that, on Refult of which was, that after fome farther Trials Co- his Return from this fi. 11 Voyage, Cj/ww^kj him felf was of lunibus was forced to proiiiife to return, if they difcover«l. Opinion, that the Countries he had diftovercd, were Idands no l«ind in I'hree Days time, tlus b/mg the utmolt on the other Side of the Continent to which the Por///f«cy■< beliolJcn Id LoJumlm (ur ilie i)cictlioii vl many Couiitm-i in /Imni..!, uliieh w re not dilc vcreJ " liy him, nor peilu]!) nil lung jlier his Ueatii, Ixi^uilc he hrit uiiorincJ Ui kuy>*iin;ly, ih.i; ilitrc vurf uiiknuur. Kojjio d bfyonJ th.it valt " I \f.ui, which Itvci. ihe uM VS mlJ (roiu ihc new," ''^\m MmV I' 5! N CM n. 1. C .irdin^, 7/;^ V O Y A G E S nu<;,ueie in relation to thit Navigation. 20. De- Jcriptioncf the Ijland of Tiridore. 21. Their Arrival and Admificn to trade at (iilulo. 21. Profe- cute their I'oyage to the Cajic of C;o<>d Hope. 23. Airivc after' many w.to-.card Accidents at Seville. 1^. The Regard of Scbaltian Cano, 'uho brought the Slip Home. 2j. The Importance of the Difio- series made hy this Expedition. 26. A Day lojl in th paljin- r'und the (iiobe, and the Reafon of it. 27. Many great Seamen attempt pajing the Streights of Magclkui icithorit SuccriS. F IKOM tlv 1 imcofthcDifcoverics made under the Catholic King's Commidions, iW Portit^uefe were exccllively je-ilous of their I'ofTetT.ons in the Eajl /«(/w, till at length the I'upcinterpofcd, and by a Hull, which had a decifivc Autiiority among I'rmccs of his own Com- munion, decreed all Countries iliUovc red in the l.uftto I'cr. tuj^al, and .ill fuch as wire found i;i the Weft to Sfain : Yet this rather linoth. red than txtinguilhcd the I- lames of Contention, l)oth Princes continuing to litlen willingly to tny fuch Propoliuon, as tended to aggrandize one at the gther's Ijtpciitc ; atid tl.n begat atiotlu-r Mifihitf, which was, th.it fuch entirprifing Men as were not gratified at one Coui-f, immrdiatdy thoup,ht of applying th^ mielvesto the other •, whu h, wliulier a greater Inconvei.ience to thefe Princes, or Adv.int.igr to l-Mnpe n: general, a not caly to Ik- relolved. Aiiu,ngll thole who took this Method ot railitig their ! (jrtune', the mull remarkable was the tamoiiS liTdinand .U..x,'i(fwcj, ( ommonly called Maj^tUan. I le was a (lemlenun of a ^kaI Family in J'erlu^ai, ami, having, from his Youth, aUdiCted himlcll to maritime Affairs, lie accjuirrd a very urr.it Skill, lx>th in the Theory and Pr.K'fu e ol Nu'.igatiijii. He lccmi;d, indeed, to be formed by Na ture gently . till it ig our, t doubt t \ and [iciivcd cry nii- Ihrrc ormcil. I » ( ^ / . I >; jr .///./ ' i r r r/^ A t E . Ma p o/)k FKRDTNAND , HAGKl^LAN, S". /' o ye IS I % il s / I /V/'j/ //( //.I/ l)e.iii)ti ifil ao /if iitu i* 'T ^•"" V4= A H V K, .S A l( RA or llir iDKSARTk — T ., \ \ \ \ V \, V South I'dlc ntu ii/iici-ri.i!,i''l/ KUIeti ,11 out ,>/' Uu l.aJrvnt Ijfaiuij . he cattiwt im'ufr/ii h lA 'Mn\w It. n . >' ^im iir.t m m "/ /•'■"'r !> o i .1 >; w .///./ » i r r rr r a t£ . J^f ^ i^ v////lW O It X. D FKRDIXANn . UAGEJ^LAN, S" l\\sriS D RAKJl r. tirji ,„ i/tai llr.iiqii ifti aj /if /i«y ,i»fbr(iiin"\v KiUrn ai ,'nt at' Uir Ittulrcnt l,tUnd>i ■ nt J CIS Drakh (fNf/ Commodore ^^nson.^^^^hu^-^,^ Or///fS a/ff/ /^/////v/ '/fu C A T O KS V'/'x^ (/ Hy Emau.Bowen OWiiy,i/i/ifr fo','//uu M,r/^.)/i/ North Vole 'W. l/iagt 6 . Soulh I'lilr HHAKt: niu //«■ rir»t Xiwivntti- n-he nuiUt tilt Cimui of' tfit tl/iif<-' ' for l/i« MAUtU.I.>\'\ n-«j ut at I'tit of Uit t,aJrvnf /jltnidj . At t-atuwt /nv/nff/ii h iMUitti il Ctritun'invi^tttvr. u \ Chap. tun' tor [\\ci Cdinpolc .1 tr I^uim'r louli aiul .1 Swccti veiled Witlj 1 nlly cloqucn drawing otlit lie lud a HU li)Kition, wh III DititcultK tu whatever lu.tiJ him t( l> nts, as the; (il I ,iic, I'u I lie acquired 2. Don I dit ill the liht lie meriti-d (irc.ir, liowi- all his Apnlii tempr, wliit 1 le tluTflort tiiat IS to lay hrly I'lie A'f/_ tiigiiefc, out aiul, ill (.(;i Court, aiui n diiial Ximciici ot I'arts, em DefiSn. 11 I'lii^itives ; I that Ma^dLh (Icrtake any i wlijii it cam! Application i I'ji'doii, and FuriKjfc, he this, liowcvc preflid tlKin viry able J in and witli (i.) r poll'd, that t nude Kniglii own rtrms j 3. The (i Polition laid inj5 to the E tliougli he h derided that j ill Naviu.itioi pofTi'ole to la Ik ard of", to 1 tjal.ie a I'afT Vac Rio ui Id I that, in calf lit of liotli /; the Wirt, \ I'ope'^ iJl'll- agit-ed, that I'art of the iilaiuis ihey ih:ir llcirs f( tiiatitartlicr, .iiul l\\o hill lor 1 wo Vi nundal by 7 Di,': "/luiH i/i .V!-, ,ii:g w'.ls ( (t.i'ftir de .'^ 10 fuinc At them 230, .1 •iiid upon till '^kiil he I'/iai Ku,[iol l'o)tu ' I hp utmoll I'^ar,/ and ^fjK f • Chap. L Ferdinand M a (i i- l i. a n. nirc lor ^jrcatl'.xpkjiis, having all the Q^ialitiM rcquifite to lilmfilt had ilonr, ulirc hnving Trrvcil many Ycari in the coini)()lc .1 truly ^rfiit M.m •, Jor, with a Courage which no /«tii(u,jL- PiliK i the Siitiia I'ltlaria, com- nunded L)y Ihn Ixu/ij dc Mcndaza ; the .S'/. Antonio, uneler /)./'<■ "fuan iL Qiitrjj^cnj ; tlie St. la^o, of which Don 'Juan .V''''.(';« \vas Commander i and the Comeption, uiAvr Don i b.ii. utter all oui Carr, wc caimot but tcgict the Luis ul ihc Im^u IlilWiy ul It by i*. htaHjf, which whi burnt in it.c .■i»i.k ul /I'-m/ by the Cuilllable aril, till lie lm|>[vnc |HTj) into a prMt I,o •, ,iml, in ordrr to it, liii Crew look the tbilowinp MlIIv. i -. I'hiir tilleil ti.eir Manils with I'oys, anil little Ihings tiut plcali-il ilum, ani!, in the mean tinn-, put Iron SliackLs upon th-jir l.epv, wimh they thought were very line I'lay-tliint;'*, as well a.s the n It, and were piealeil with the impling .Sovin'l ot iheni, till tliey liiunil how t'ny were hani|x'riil .iiui Ixtr.iyeii • IJiit thrn they tell a iHllouin;; l.k.- lliills, an i imploteil the llclj) of Setciioj in that Ixtrciiiity -, thty cru\l aloii.l |.'r h;s Allill nnce, but he du: not tome to ilelivi-r tluni , a'lil wlut I'owcr II n thev ^ive that Name to, tli( y Ixll know. To licl'ire hi'^Helpin Miliary, implicii loine Notions foiinived of his Ctoixiiiefs and Compallion •, and 'us lu.t to Ik- ima- ftincu, that they would thus er.ivt Rihrt nt an evil .*^]iirit that uled to \cx ;in>l afllict th'm. It niiiR be ownc*', ihat tluy r,{Ton very llr.ini'.e riiinp,s vt horrid Forms at-.d Ap- pearances tr(i|ucntly fnn .imongll thele IVople ; ot horned Demons with long ,*c Dreams or Fables. This Account goes further as to th-: Inhabitant-, and rcjwrts, tli.it molt ot tlulV IVojile wear the lame .Sort ot Apjxjfil tlut the brft app»areil in. thir 1 , ;he Skins of Xhe lorc-ni( ntioncd Beall : 1 hi y go with rliur I l3;r Diort •. yet that then- is, they tie up with a C'oit'jn lutre. They have no fixed Habitations, but itrtain moveable Cottages, which th-y carry trom one I'lace to another, as their Fancy leads them ■, and the very fame Materials whiili thty iile lor the Dttenu- of their Buiie^, thry v.k all.) for the Defence ami Covering of thele Cottages : What Kielh they tat, they bellow 10 Ceremony ol dreHing ujKin ■, but devour « trelh and raw as it comes to their Hands ; B< liJes whii h, they have a certain fw.et Root amongtt them, called Ctp.ir, which is a confiderable Part ot tiuir b(j<.t. Ih-.y add alio, that t.hey are t xtrcmely |eak>us ol :hrtr \V(,:mn ; but they ilon't tell us they taw any uf tlimi. 7. Amongll them the Practiic of I'hyHc is reduced into a viry narrow Compafs, and takrs in no more than Vomiting am; I'likbotomy : Fhefj Twtj b.vacuations mutl anfwer ail V.meties ot Cafes ami J'-.irpoles ; mu\, where this won't do, the Diic.ifr is incurable 111 that lund. Their way ot Bleeding is to give a goo.1 Chop w.th lome l.dge- 'lool or otiier ;n the Part that is attVeted, Ix- it l^g, or Arm, or J ace. But thougii 'tis (xld to ufc a Choppirg- knilc intlead of a i jnctt, tor letting BLxxl, yet it is more lo, to tlirull an Arrow, a Fuot ami an lull down the throat, to procure a Vomit. No doubt but this will pnck thcPibn .. u;.d fa a Man arcachiiv^ to lonif Purpole. J hc!c l-ulksarv very Hr<.ny; : W Un th.-Cnia le th- Attempt ci taking |. int.- nt tl,i-m Piilonns. one alone very near tired the utmolt l-orcc ot Nine ol their Men tlut were ^employed to malKr him •, and tlioujjh thev had liini down and bound ii.s Hands tightly, vet he treed huifclt tro.m his Bonds, ai.d got lo<.fe, in fpm ot all t.inr l.r.dcavours so hold him. And, proixjrtionabi- to ttuir .Strength is that alio or il„ ,r Api.-iite : One of them cat up a whole B.ifket of .Shi]. H.kuit at a Meal, and drank a Bowl 'they don't lay how l.rge; of Water at a Drau-ht ; but any rung ot this kind is not fo very llrangc, confidenng the i.irge Carrales they have to niainiai... One thing ot them (which is fometlm.g fmgular; isnottolx- omitteo Ix-tou we bave them ; ar.d that is, tiiat, by realon ot the vehement Cold, they truis themlelvo ip lo vinr tlolb and tight, t.u[ the Oeiuuli in the Men are nu 'to be dilcovaed, tyii • hill inlinly within lluii Bodies. The Admiral gav,« ihi !i People the Name of I'titiigciis, an.l tixjk iiotue (jj thif lew cominon Words: They tall Bread, C'j/.rr •, W.uer Oil . Bbck, /tmtl; Ketl, Clruhf i Red Cloth, Chrraal Sftfhs, and {'.htldile, ate the Names of I'wo Beings they pay a religious RelJKrt tn •, of whu h the lormrr is the lupreme, the lattr an interior one : But whether they a^ proiKT Names otonly their Terms for a hiylicr and |uL- ordinate Powet m general, is not certain. S. 1 he Port thty llay'd inthcfc FivcMoiilhi was called 1'. rt Si. Julutn \ ot which, .is ot' the whole adjoining Countiy, th(y took Iblemn PolVdlion, and ktt a CroK trccU-d in Token ot it; brcatif- it was the Beginning of 0.7c.V by that 'imc they p.otiip to the (.'.;/>(•./<• /W.yinandsk .md they were d< tamed lu long by the Calms, that ilwy liLide it D.\fmt(i, Ix'lore ihey ( rofTed the Line. But the in.iin Reafbn 'r- \ tor, having tuUluevI the Con- fpii.ifor', he brought them to a 'Tn.il for lilotting ag.iinll h'sFite, h.inged /.c.TM ,U MriiJz.t, anvl tome few, 'wha wrr. moll gnj.'ty j and left Caj.tam Juan dt Cirlbf^tn.i^ and Ibme others, who vitu not (]uite lb deep, aniongft \hv PaiafcHi. TheWiath.r growing fine, .ind the Crew once more bi ought into Subjeaion, MagtL.in thought it high time M purfue hi^ Courie 1 which acioniingly he did, tili he .irrived in -i Decrees 40 Minutes .South I Altitude. Here they found a (orivcnicnt I'ort, and met with goixj Pn vilioMS ot I'll; I, lith, .uul fielli Water i they lingered away at this I'lau- i wo .Months mote, ami then came to 'i Degrees .South Fatitude, \vh Feaj;u(^ in I.en;-^h, and as for the Breadth very uncertain, 111 lome I'laces very wide, in others not more than h.ilf a Fcai.',ue (.ver; theljnd on Ixth Sides high and uneven, and the Mouniait s covered with Snow. When they cimc to the I- lui ol It, ti.iy found an open PalTage into the gn at Ocr.in. /l%f/.',;>; w.f. furpriled at t!ir Sight, with a Joy that ex'.aded..l: i ommoii Bounds , lor this was tli • happy thing h- lo'.kfd for, aii.l now he w.is able to demonlhate his failing roiiul by the Wt|l. I he Point of Fand from whence he hrlt law this delircable Prof|xci,he called, in Memoiy of if, C^pe Dffiiinats -. but it tccins it was not lb detiralile to all til!.- reft of the Company •, fur here one of tlie Shins Hole away, and filled honiewari! by her'elf. 'Th. y entereil the Pm:/:. .Vrt, tor fu the, c.ijial it, Kovmhrr the .^•■th, .1 !\ I -: . am! in thiswide Ooan they failed 'Thr c Months and 'Iwenry Days, without Sight of Land. 'The Mr.eric'. thry endured for want of Provifion, a g..o.! Part of this Time, were Inch as are fcklotn heard of, the frefli W ater thry had on tx..ird ihink, and was very loathl'omc i all their Hrea.l was gone, and nothing le!t to eat but I'ieces ot .Skins, and Hits ol Leather. Nature will make any •Shift, ^ though ( ver lo lurd, lo bear herlelf out in a Dilln Is, when 'tis [/'.mile to Ix- done; and the [x-r^r .Se.imen here, nthcr than fhrve, fdl very greedily to work u|)on thofe i:ry tough IWes of Leather that were about the Ko|x-s of the Ships. Hut It Ix-ingimjxjtrible to eat t!um, till they were 1 ,me way lottened, and fittd tortliewin-, they laid them alteep in fait W .iter for lome Days, anti tlicn made the Ixtl ol them, as long as tluy !a!U-d. Hut then again, what with this impure fort ol I'eeiiing, which was but f(.ir,ty too, and the daily lmi)OVeri(}iment ..f their Soiriis \L ii.rii.n l^.tr. . o :.- .1 ^. . ^ . ■ jpaic wanting bittir Recruits, their Numlxr nioitrned ...a.v .Some died ourri;.hr, oth-rs tell into pining Si. knels, others had th.ir (.uins grewcjuiie over their 'Fieth on every .Side, by w^hi< h means b. mg totally unable to man.ige thule tough Soli, s they wrre t.,-ird to teed ujK.n, tiu y were pall .ill Help, and lo mifetably Itarved to 1 )eath. I Ic ir only Com- lort, umier all thele diielul Cm umllam es, was a Conllancy of lair am! good W.-ather. 'The Win.is blew them liiioothly .-iml g.ntly alon;.;, a-id, while they were thus expoled, the .Sea was(a!m m.l quiet to<^ ami by this got tiic celebrated Name ot i'ai,J<. In .ill th„ Time they law nothing but Iv,o unnh;itjit>.i ll!..n.ls th..t ['ive no l'rol|X-ct of' any Kele.l. 1 lie Needle ol their (.wmpaL v.uicd lomctime. , Chap. I. r H R D I N A N D MAGELLAN. anJ, at otlirn, moved (o irregularly, that tlicy were oftt n tornd to quicken it with a tulh loiirh oj the l.u.uJ (lone. Ihc Sinith I'ulc they toiiml to li.iw im \My rcmarkahlc Star mat it, as the North ha^ : rhm- aic 1 wo Cluller* oii that okl Ac- luunt ot the Latitude ot it, which plares it thereabouts i and lame to underllanil altcrward.--, that it lies in li Degiees. 9. Mtirch 6. they fell in witii a Cliiftcr of lO.ind', Uiik; th' n in 1 1 Degrees Noitii I autuile, d\\i\ i^i, Defines lx)ngitudc tioin their tii 11 letting out: Here they went on Shore to breathe and refielh a httic utter al! the I'atigues (il their tedious Voyage tli;oiigli the South Sta, But th^ ihu villi I'eople ot thole lllandiuould ni;t let them l)t nuKt. WhiL they were reixiliiu^ tli.mllhe^ allion , tiie otiur w(.uld b<- piltenng and lU'ahng thing'iuut ot th,- Ship's, U> that 'tw.is impollible 1 ir them to enioy chem- lelves in any iiieafun , till they had taken foinc Courie to deliver thcinklvts tium theic Dillurberi '. '1 hey marched thcrclure with a Inuill I'arfy, pretty well armed, up into one ol the Iilands, burnt lomc ot their Houl'es, ami ki led Unie <.t the Inh^alntants ; but this Comftion, though it might awe them tor the pi lent, yet CAild not mend their Diljxjfition i I ut they that were I'huves, vjuld be Thieves lliil : I'or wiiith Keafon they refolvetl to make no longer Siity there, but tind out Ibme o her Place where they might enjoy more Satety and Quiet. Aniongtl thele I'eople thereis notihe Iciill flu w of any Order orForm of Government, but tv(ryMan dots what is agrei.ible to his own I lumour and InclinatKin ; Nay, confideriiig how univei liilly that thieving, cheating Dd'pulition prevails, 'tis next to iini>oirible there (hould Ix: aiiy tiling ol that kind ■, for the governing I'art would nt ver tail to tranlgrcl's the Laws of julliec and com- mon Htmtlly, as nu.chasthe rell ; .iiul the Interiors wouKl mvtr b:.ir to Ik- eurb'd .ind jiunillied by thole that they law do thi vtry lame tiling'?, and l-t Inch an Kxample Utore their I'y s 1 to tlut the general Corruption ol their Manntrs will nettllarily keep them all upon a Ixvel, and filal-lilh a (xriK-tual Ar.anhy among thim. The Men go intirely nakeur the teeth black ind r>il ■, aiul loiiie ot them w^ai' a Bwiin.t, made ot the I'aim-rree, ujion their f lead^. I'he Women are much Utter tavouied than th.e M<-n, aiul iiiorj tr.oJ.ell too 1 they ail wear lovrin(.-s made ot th< inner lUik ot the I'alir.- lut v then Hair blaek, thiik, and long, and ready to tiail iijH'it ih' tiriund: lluy (o.iimend them tor very rarttui, inilullrious tluufev.-.ve*, fpeiidmg their 1 i:iie at a much l)Ctier rate than the M n do; for, whilll thele are pilhring abioad, the others aie making Mars and Nets of the i'almtree ar home ; ln;r, ot both Skies, the Work goes towaid-i rhe liirniHiinj^ tin- \ loul'e : I'hefe 1 loul'es are I'liilt ot ') in.lx.T, (overeii over with Boaids, and large lig-ltavc', ai.d divided in'o fcveral Apaitments: f heir Bell' are the I'alir.-mats, laid one upon another ; and the l.iavis of the laii.e a;e inllead of Sheets and lilaiikit.s : They have no Weapons but Clubs, and long ' 'I'htfc Kl.miliwiic c.u!eJ by M.ruilan, J''»i ut hi LtJrtntl J Ni;mb. U. Poles, upon which they put I leads of I lorn ; Their Tood are Cixoas, hanana«, Iigs, Sugar-, a us, Fowl, and Fiying-hlli : I heirtanoi s are old.y contrived and patih'.'d up I yet Mill thry fill with tliein it a very great rate : llie Sails are maile t,t liroad Date-haves Itw d tog'ther \ in- fteuil of a RudiUr, they ulV a large Hoaid, with a St..;Vat the Topi and may, when they will, make- the St< m the Forrraltle, or tiie I'oreeallle the Stem : 1 hey are al ways painted over, tither black, or white, or r.d, iomf one Colour, and fontc another, as they like. I'lul,' IVojilc an mightily taken with .my little thiii[', that is n w, and agreeable to their I Iuiik ur : When the Spaiinirds had wiiuiuled li-veral ot tin m with thtir Arrows, nay, [ ierced them almolt through and through, thele Uing Itrangc 'I'hings to thiin, they would pull tin in out ot their Wounds, and h()l I them m then I lam','., Ilaiuig at them till they ill o|it down deatl i .mil, alter nil, tiiougii they had been (ii loughly handleil, yet they would follow the .Shij s. as they were going away, to ga^c at them, fu that the/ had at one time aou ot tlitir Camxs priUlng abour them, as near as they could, to behold thutc wonderlul Con- trivances. 10. MtiKih 10. they landeil upon the Ifland of /.(tmtil, whu h is pj I .(-agues trom the iMdroiies i and the nexc Day they went ilhorc at Humuna, an IQand not inhabited, yet well defeiving to be lb : Here they found .Springs of delicate clear Water, abundance of Fruit-trees, (>old, and white Coral. The Admiral called it the lliand of Good SiX»'. 1 he Inh.ibitants of (ome of the neighbouring lli.md . e imc up to them not long alter, a I'eople of much Humanity, and good Difpolition -, very fair and frundly in their Carriag-, and apjKarid to be mighty well pleaftd at thiir coming among them ; They came laden with Prelents of I'llh, and the Wine made of the Cocoa-trte, and promili-.l other Provilions in a little time. Since the Cocoa-wine is mentioned, it may not beamifs to fhtw the various liles thele People put thttFruit to ; by which it will ap^H:ar, how very fcrviceable a thing it is, and how many ot the Conveniences of Life are turnilhed by it : The Cocoa IS the Fniit of » certain Tree like a D..te, and fup- plics them at once with Bread, Oil, and Vinegar, and with Phyfic too. 1 he Wine is drank from the Tree itfelf, but all the reft ate matle from the Fruit -, they cut olF lumc Fart of a Branch of the Tree, and fallen to the remaining Piece a good large Reeil, into which drops a Liquor, like white Wine in Colour and Appearance, and ot a Tailc gratefully tart : A good Quantity ot this, thus drawn forth, And put in a Vcflel, is called their Cocoa-wine, without any farther Preparation. The Fruit, which is as big as a Man's Head, has Two Kinds ; the outermoll ot which is green, Two Fingers thick, and lull of Strings and Threads, and of thefe they make all the Cords they ufe about their Boats ; under this Hind there is another, or rather a Shell, being confulerably thick and hard 1 this, Ijurnt and pul- verised, is ulcd as a Remedy tor kvcral Dillempers : To it adheres the Kernel, svhich is white, and of the Thitknefs of a Finger j it has a pleatant Talte, alniull like an Al- mond ; and, when it is dried, they make it into Bread : In the Middle of this Kernel there is a Hollow, full of a pure limpid Watcr.and that of a very cordial and refrclhing Nature ; It will lometimes congeal, and lie like an tgg within the Shell. W hen they would make Oil, they leave the Fruit to fteep in Water, tilt it putreticsi ami then fet it over the Fire, and lx)il it to an Oil ; and die N'megar is only the fame Water, expofed tor fome time to the Sun, which turns it into a Vinegar, like diat of white Wine. Laftly, if tluy mix the Kernel, together with the Water that is lodged in the Cavity of it, and then ftrain it through a Cloth, they make a good Milk of it. The Cocoa trees releniLL- the common Date-trees in all but this, that they are not to nigged and knotty as they are. They will hold 11: very well loo Years 1 and two of them will maintain a 1 amily of 'Ten People with Wine viiy plentifully, pro- vided thry are utt-il by turns, and cach'Tiee, having been drawn Seven or tight Days, be allowed as many to recover again, betore any more be taken from it. With this Care luth a Number of People may drink as miieh as they will, and the 'Trees bear them out. But to reiuni to our Con* and, in the Latin Relations ol hit Voynge, Jn/uU Latrmua. D cern? 10 7bc V O Y A C. !• S ol Hook r. rem* ktwfcn tlih IV")'lt .iml i!uni: Arnrilmp to ili'ir Fnmiili , tiny Cinir s^mw wuIv othrr I'rovifions anil rniir'i.i into a farthd IHpnc of I .imilMiity «r«l Iricmlly Cor- n-t'jHin>'fnre with thrm , fluy \n\\% iS t!if Ailiiiiral iiiti> f *v II- Barks jiul wrtc rn ipnH.illy inviinl aNunl tlic Avlnu ral's Shipi wlicti- .1 iri-atl'iin lvin^;i'.ilili;irnnl Ut «ntirt«n» ihrrv It tnit ihcni into lj«h AlFnglit, that ihcv wrn- all rp«ily to leap t vfrUarvl ; Init (;o«kI WonN aiid I'rrl'Mti l>riHight them to thitnUlvr* x^w^ iiiul with miitli ailo chiy win- ji«-rUi.uipi! tokiCp outol ilic Watrr 'IhcNumr 1)1 thor IiUikI yixs /.ui- an, ol noviry \\nM C'om|al«. Itut rc)nl'u!cr.iblr for it; PriHJiu'U: TlKy luii 4II nunmi v\ Splrrsin their B.trks, (.innannn.t lovt«, Niitni<-jj;»,(»innir, arnlMui', jmlfcvcri! Ihinj^MiiOilpig Uol !, all whiili ihi-y tarry'ii up anil down ami lolci for Mcrrhamlirr ; Mxy wur without Api aril, ln;t y t dnlfi-il sr .1 mure rolHy Katr thanthr hur$p((i>tu tluf had it ; I hty hail harinp of (»i>lil in rath l-ar, ami li vera! Jewel', lal^i niii, wiili I'lrns «>f litiiil, to fluir Arm* , lTfrn.lr<;, thry hail Paf^gtr*, Knivi-i, ami I .inrr<, that wrri' .ill vi ry rK'h!y orranirnttd with the liuiK Mrtal : B'li thoii};h th y hail no'hing of any ( lainv nt on, yit they hail linuthin^; ol a Covtriin; Ktorr, anil that of a fort ol Cloth vt ry mgcniuiifly maiV nut ol th'.- Riinf of a Ircc that grows ainorglt them. 1 he iiiolf ron- ruicrablc Men arc ili(lin<;ui')ir ' from the crtmnion lVoj>le by a I'iciT of lilkrn Neeillr-work wf.ipj«-il alxnit tli'ir Miaitv Thry arc gTof<-|i«li((', bnail ami will let, il an oivt Colour; am) th.» Hui- thry nuinta n by conllant I'nv-tion of thi-ir Boiiirs with the Oil ol CKoa. '1 hey iltjMm-il frt^ni th« lllc Afdrf/> the 2 -fh, .1. I). i.',:i, ami ilir ctui their Courle lyiwcen thi- Well ami SiJiith-w-dl, liulir/, betwetii th< IllcJ Crmdo, llmnanghnn, Hibujfon, ami /Ibaruin. II. Sfar.h the 2 St'-, thev (ime rr> th Me of Fmbunn ; the King ut which a- il the I'nrr- hn Sen, gav • thrm honourable I-.ntert.. lent, prcf^ tti ;; thiTiiwithconliilerable QiJantine^ el Gokl .r,.' SpieM. 1 he Ailmir.:!, in Kmirr, prefente.l the King w th i wo Vtlh ol floih, tne red, ami ilic other >tiiow, niad<- ntnr the 7urkijh |-alhion , and lomr of hi^ Coiirtirrs w th Knives, (ilafl't-*, .mil BeaiU of Cryftal. The Adm :al fenr Two t.f his ( on',iiny afhorc along with him. of which .Intonio Pifiaferta, who wrote this Relation, was one. Whrn th;y were landed, the King and his Attendants all litted up thrir Hands to Heaven, and th;n towr.irds tlie I wo Chrifti.ins, in whirh Ceremony thcf alb tcvllowetlthem -, and this Culloni they obfcrvcd in drinking too Hi< MaeftyS Talare was like a Hay lolt covered with Talin and 1 g- leave, mounted fb hif^h uprought forth, anil pul)lu'y reverriued by all his Men in the King'ii I'nUiiie, tilling his MajrfK , it llioiiM be lit up in liiinc lii.'.h Moun tain III his loomry ■, ikh only lor a I oken of gmnl h titer lainment lor (.hnUians in ih.it l'l*.e, I lit .illo lor lih own and Nation's Swuniy aikl Defence ^ lince, il tfwy de- vmitly prayid to it, it would infallibly proteif them trom the Milihielsot lightning an^ I lemjirO, as well ns fioin othi-r I vi!s : I his the |ioor I'nnie promiled to do, know- ing no belter, aiid i;lad to Ik- lodelmdexi lioiii I himder- Iwlts. 12 ,\t their IV|Mrture Irom hence, this King's IMot', brought them to the liles of Ztilm, /.uhi, M''Jfiinii, Calij^ian, ol whih /ul^ui is the lirif, and has the bell I raile. In Mijf.ixa they limnd Dogs, Cats, Hogs, Hens, (ioats. Rue, (linger, liKoa, Millet, I'anii , Barley, I igs, Dianges, Wax, and (iold, in great Plenty : This I le lies in i>' 40' ol North Latitude, and ifi2' of Lon- ('iiiKle from their full Mendian. Ihey ftayetl here Light I'ays, and then, lading to the N. W. paifeil by the llles /.etien. Boh*!, Qwf/'w, Kvhiii, and Ltilf^hMn, in which lall Il1e there are Bat-i as big as l'agle«, and that talle, when drelTrsl. like a I len , there are alio .Stoik doves, liirtle- doves. Popinjays, and a lertain .Sort of Fowl like liens, which have little Hor •, and lav tlwir Lugs a Cubit's Dejith ill the Sand, whert* the .Sun's Heat hatches them. From Mffana to GiU«btin is alxiut ?.<> Leagues tailing to iht Well , and Iroin (Altghan to '/.uhul alMHit 50 Ixagius, tu which they now dire^-ted their Courle, having the Company of the kingof ;Vfc^j»rf, who, out ol pure Iriemifhip, went .s'on;^ with them , the Admiral having by nuny .Services (rcurr! his Alfeetion. I •. ,}pnl the -th, about Noon, they entered the Port of '/ubiit , and, coming near the City, fired all the great (iuns which put tlie Piair into a very great Conllcin.iiion: Hut all this Appiehenlion of Danger Iront the .Ships was i]i'ukly removid, by tlic coming ul tlitir F.mballoilor to the Town, who allureil the King, that it was cullomary with them to dili liarge then Canmm, whenever ihey rainc in to any great Ports -, and that it was a Pieic of Rcf|Xif they always paid to the dovemorsol Towns; He told him, how Miighiy a Prune they were .Servants to ; and that th-ir Defign was to lind out the Moluicas ; that tliey only came to vilit him by the Way, hearing of his Fame by the Kint; ol Mfjfiiiui •, and defircd him tof\irni(h them witit Vii-tu.iU for the(^ommiKlitConrider.-ition, the King con eluded to refer tin Matter to this Council, and to give them an .Anlwer the nixt Day, fending them in the mean while Wine and Xu'tials. The King of MejTtma, who was a very j-otenr I'nnce, went next alhore, anil 3(?ted very genrroudy on their Heh.df with the King ol Zuhut \ thc |- ft'i't ot whuh was, th.it the King, inllcid of dcm.iniliiig, w.!.-^ now a!moll ready to pay Tribute himfelf j which they rot at all inClbng ujHin, but defiling only LiN rty to tiadt-, he tlicuilully granted it, aii.l oflcrcd to leal tiie Covcnaac of int' 1 lor wire bio'.i the Ailmira Morning ar the fame in ttr the 1^11 liei UtJily ( with a lor. Mif w.s naral's .'shr, -.err di;cl. fjccame Lh wouKI not Sfaniard. i\ upon ;hr K tag'ou'., FH cmljr.iceil It King I't 'I he .'\dnui ilute kecov ami briak . ai^tn.ns fay, e chap. I. r E R D I N A N D M A (j K L 1. A N 11 I fiveiunt el IV*:e an^l FrKmlfhip witli hii BIikmI. AJtcr ihin, flir Kmn of Mejjitna, thr Kinn of //f^«/, ami hh Nrpljcw, rjinc on ImiiuI the Ailniir.il, Imnij-ln liiio I'rc- |(iu\, 4n.l tontirmnl llie Lianur. The Ailmirol |>ri- hiitlcil tlirm t>i rmbnicc the ChriiUdii luitli, whuli (lu/ iliil, alter lomc rcliRKmiGmtcrcncn, with I'lciliiiT, being all •lt(rwari<% ()ti/ril. 'rhi% I luinpic that Chridunit/ wu iini- vcrtillv rrcriviil iht ir. When they t«n« to the t jty, they iDtinil the king ID hM I'alace, IlltinK ii|)on ii Imc ot tine Mat mitte ut lUti- l(4vel Necilk-wiik, atui ulx.ut hn Nctk a viry loilly Chain, a* ;illb (lately Jrwcli in his M.axs : lie luil ixlore hiin leveral I'orn Utie N'elli is, lonie with I'.^'Ks, ami others lull ot D.ite ssine. I he rrini> eiitmaiiud ih in hkewilc at h« I'alute \ ami, tor thur Diverlion, nude his Daiinh- trr^ ting and liaiue nakid Ixlorc them. One ot th<- Spa- mardi (lyiiiK, thry Mxtwi iMtavc ot the King to buiy him in hu Land : lo which the King replied vi ry ^raiioufly, Tlut hiice lie, and all hii, were 4t the Kin^ tiieir Mailer''. IVvotKin. much more (hoiilil a tew leet ot his (ir«)iind lie lo, m altordii>K a lUirying pl.uc to one of Ids .SuUjerts. 'I'hele I'cople cscmlr JuilKe in their l)eaJiii);s \Mth one another, Ivceping to the Ule ul Weights ami Me.iliires. Tiicir I loules are made ot limber, railed hinii u|io;i I'olls, lo that they ^o \3\t by Staim to them. They t.ilk ot a icr- Uin .Sort u4 VVatcr-lowl in this Country, a.s big a^ a Lrow, which thiy call l.uj^hiin, whi«.h tin Whales loiiiaimes IwoUow ilowii ali^e, and have their I learti e.iteii up by this Hird , by m hu. h mean'' many ol tlKni an Icillcd, and ttie biril is .UtiTwards lound alive in theCariale ot the Wlul : The Slvin 01 this Fowl IS blade, but the Ik-lli good. The Sp»ntiirdi had a veiy advaiiiagcou.s Bartering with thole I'lsiple, they (.'.iving them I en I'lkis ot (lold a Ducat ujul halt each) tor I ourtien I'oiinds Wcij^htot iron, iKiidcs all lorts ot I'lovilions tor very I ritles. l he lupii/ing ot thole I'rini is wa< pi itormul with very great Solemnity, the Ordnaiiv. Iving all iiilcliar};ed ; whn.h tlie .\ilmiral told the King Ixtoreliaiul, to prevent his being lur^itilcd. 'The King ot Zu!mI Wits named Charles, and the i'rince hcrdt- tinnao , tiu tiimcr ol thole Names beiiig the I'.mptrur's, anil the Utter las Hiotiier's. I he King ot MrffMu wxs named Jahn, .iixi the Aloonjb Courtur ChrijtopLir : Be- lidd tlu I'riniesanil ['teat Men, tluMe were I'lvc hundred ol int'iior Rank bapti/ed at the lame tune. All tlw Idols were bio'^m, an-i the Crols lit up id divers 1'U.es, which the Admiral engage^! them to pray veiy dev.nnly bjiorc. Morning and L.vming : I he Qutcn was bapM/iil too at the lame mm, with Forty ot her Luiies, ami her Daugh- ter the Fiiiu; 's W lie ; She wa.s youi g and haiullome, her Bixly covered wtili.i white Cloth, .iiu! lur I lead .idorn il with 4 lor; <.t a iripk I. town mavt< «;'s Brother, uj'on his receiving Baptilln. I he Admiial, it Items, piiwned his Head tbaiui"s louheail, and tin n (In. lotelKads ot' the rell ul th' Men wlio,iHilt ut the Saaitiie: \\ hm ihey lave done, they dilrol >■ thcmlelves of fiieir priellly Attire, and tail to latiiig the Honey, Kii.e,,anil I'llli, in which only Woimn paitakc with tlu in : As (or the Iklli ot t!ic I log, tlut is 110: to Ix'toudled, till the 1 Wo I'llLlKll't^ iiavc craved a BIril.ng on it. As tor their luner.ils, th. ir C'c- icnionies air almoll a.s ixttavag.iiit as thole ot their Sacri- Jius : When a Man ol Figure dus, all the thicl' Women g>j ro his Huule, and cany Boughs with I'leces ol Cot- ton 111 them, whiili they talKti alxid 111 w!iite Cotton, tanning themlclvi s with Ki'.iniliis ot Palm, the Room Ix'iiig incenfcd v.iih .Myirli and .St >r;ix ull the while : Then a i'eiloii cume.'^, and cuts otV ihe IFiir ol the Diceali.I by little and little ', a<:d, ut the lame rmie. Instinct Witehi... upon his dtad I'ooy with hei I'air, \ la:uls, and Feet to ' i>, trying aiKi laiiuniiiiy while his . '.air is cut ii\\ -, but die changes her i ui eral Notts into a merry Song •.iieii the other lias dont lUtti, g : 'I he Ceremony lal*» live Days, alter which they imlule the Corple in a Fjiiiiitory built ot Wood, and made very tall on every lide. i^. This ille ot .V/«.'£ii,:hc .Admiial went out tu reduce Inn I lie Jndmii had between Six and Seven thoul.U"l M-ii luniin rd with >. ws and Ar- rows, Darts and J.i\ m ■ which Army t!. iJiiuiaLu- ucked with Sixty c' Ins '\tniiirds, armed with Coat* ol M.iil and 1 leliiu t'. The Battle was tur a long time doul :- lul : At lall the Admiral's Fleat and Courage carrying iin'.; too tar amongll the Barlwnans, he was there hrll woiiiiJcd with a poitbned Arrow, « ul afterwards thrull into the IKail with a lance, which ended the Life and Actions of this noble Commaiuler. Alxiut F'light or Nine ot his Men were tlain, Md atioui .J liteen of the Enemy, Ixlides many wounded, 1 he ^piimards would very willingly have re- ileeincd the Botiy of their Admiral, but the Indiunj would not conient to it upon any Terms. Thi.s, however, was but the Beginning of their Mistortiuies ; lor the King, as he h.id embraced their Religion without underllandiiig it, alxmdoned it upon this Change in their Circumllances ; aiu' ;aJe I'cace with his Riv.il, notwithllandingoneof tim A" .• .lilled on was, that all the Strangers lliould be inltaUi./ put to Death. 1 he b.irkirous Monarch was len- lible enough, tlut by lorce he Ihould never bo able to exe- u te this intamous Artule, and therefore he hod rccourfe :o Fraud. \N ith this \'iew, he invited all the ^pau.ards^ that were on Shore, to a fumptuuus F^ntertainment ; anel there, in the midll of their Fealling, he diridled them to lie moll cruelly murdered, rei'erving only Don Juan Serrano ahve. 111 order to have procured a Supply of Artillery and Ammunition by way ot Ranfom fur hnn. With this De- mand ol his the Span.ards would willingly have complied, but lound lonuicli I'revarication and Treachery in his Ma- nagement, and, ,it the fame time, were fo much intimi- dated by the laie ol their Companions, that they rcfolved to break oil' the Treaty, and jiut to Sea. The unfortunate Strrano, wlun he law them about to weigh their Anchors, threw himl'elf on his Knees ; and, in the moll moving Terinj, Ivpged of them not to leave him in the Hands of" It) b.ile a I'eople : But their F'ears, or r.ither their Care tor their own I'relervauon, made them deaf to his Intre.ities, ct'peciaily when, on a Muller, they tbtind their whole Force confitled bur of F.ighty Men, that their Ships were in a miferable Condition, and that, in order to have a l*rub.i- bility of returning Home, it would be necellary to deflroy One Ship, to make ule of her Stores and Materials in re- pairing the otlu r Two. What the F'ate was of Serrano, after their Departure, is not known -, but it is certain, the Lois i .. ' W^ ( .! i- i r ■ [/'!. ^M i: i 1 ,' ;i 11 T ,(i:. of him pwval n very r,;r it I liii ^.in "i* t "> t'.K Voy.iR\ llficf, m->x to the Aiiinir.!!, ho was the l>iJM-tl ivlan, a;ul tl..' Ix'lt Sram.ui, thrv haJ, one ot' t.,c- m> -.dors ot t!iis NDyagc, an 1 who, if Iv ha>i livcci to rrttirn, wmitii have animitcd tlie Imjif-ial Uiirt to f.itu.c Kxp.dicnns. 10. A liitV l)ftor.-thi- Admiral's Diath, thry Ruivid N^ws of the Molucca, thr diicovering ol which this Way. wa-. t!io great l'".na ot th^ ir \oyx^c : So that now Ifaviiijj; MathMi, they lai'cii to ti.c lllf <>l Biiol ; and here- tht y burnt the ('^Hifflnn, tiirnill.ing the oihir Two .Shi) s wiiu th- Mm and Aniivuiiition of it. Pirceiin;; thur C'uurle from hence to the South \S'cil. they came to the Ide Pi: i- hghn, inhabited hv B!.t:ks: From heme th y came to Cbp- pit, which n a large lie ; and it is al->out to Leagues trom /utul, in S ne;;rcrs tt Nc^h l.atitiule, .ir.d aU^iit |- ' Degrees of [,oni;iti;;le (rom their tirtl Stage, it abounds i i Rkc, Ginger, (-cuts. I l(.i^:s Ha-.s, fcV. and the king ol it ga\ e them a tri ndly Ric jnion. In T<.ken ot IVaie he marked his titxiy, hice, and I ip of his I ongue, wiih Blood, whuh he drew out ot his Lett Arm •, and the Spa mards tollow?d him m that lliKJiiy Ceremony. Saihng trom luncc about 40 I .e.ii;,u-.s, between the W rl\ and J-outh Welt, they eame to ( ".r^'tvi;,;;/, a very great Illand, i ut not well inhafiited : The People are Moors, hxih s tiom hcrneo, rich in Gol.!, and, ii'i tlieir principal \\ rajHms, ule pui- tbned Arrows, whieh is pi united alto in moil ot the Iflanos. Steering Wc(f and Nortli WcU 23 Leagues, Inmghtthim to Pu'.c.m, a very tiuirtul l:l.im!, lying in the 9' ;.o' ot North latitude,' and 179' 'o of Longnude, liomtluir tirif IVparture : It yiekls much the tame I'nxlucts as (.hip- /!/, bclidc. very l.irgc Figs, Battatos, Lotoas and Sugar canes. The like t'ertmonie'; alio were here uled in 1 okeii ot Friendthip between the King and the Spaniards, as were at Ch'ppit : I'he I'eople go :-.aked, ule I'Oifoiicd Arrows. and are mighty I^jvcrs ot tlie S|)ort ot Lex k- lighting ; They make a fort of Wmc iiere ot Kiee, whu h is very in- toxi rating, but otherwiit- Ix-it-r than that ot the I'alni. 17. I he famous Ule of Bcrnrt, to whicii they came nrxt, IS a very large and nch llland : It lies in c,^ 5 of North latitude; tin: chief City containeil no Irfs than Twrntytive thoufand Houfs. '1 he King was a Mecr, a I'nncf of very great I'ow r, kept a magnificent Court, and was always attendee! by a iv;merous Guard. He lent the Capui!!« (everal IVeluit', and orv.ered a Couple ut I'.lc- phants, trapjxd with Silk, to Ix" led torth to bring the Sptimlh Meliengrrsan i Pictents to the Falaec : i ic has 1 en Secretariesot State, tiiat wntc his Atiaiis in Barks of Trtcs : ! lis Houfhok! is gov( rnui by W onur, wiio are thr Daugh- ters ot Ins ehiel Couitiers ; His Subjects juy him llieir Rfverence, bvlifimgup their I Ian s elolcd Three times over their Ihads, then Idling up th.eir Feet one alter the other, and lalllv killing their Hands : I hey e hew a great deal ot the Betele m this Country, and dnnk a Kiee-lpirit railed by th- m Jrj(. The Country aticnls Ca;nphire, which is the Gum ol th* Tr.e Cajar-, .illo Cinnamon, (iing'T, Myrolaians, Cvraniiis, L'n.ins, Sugar, Cuium- bers. Melons plmty ot I-o«l and Ik.ill-, and whatever can be cxjx.-i'ted in th.it C lini.itr. 18. Yiivw^ Borneo, they cair.c to the Me Ctmluhcn, which lirt in S' 7' ot North latitude : Here they Ibyed Potty Diys talking tiuir Ships, and taking in frrlh Water .uul luel. In thr Wtxxjs .it tins lllc they found a Tree, the 1 eivi-s ot whi' ii, as li>iai!d:e in its Back. I hey iaied from lienie by tne Well towares t!ie South talt tor I'.e .VcAv../?.', and m '.aer Way lound the .S'jl<', b.i ri«i;li.. ( .Ni'.-ral ij;l;pry riv V o Y A c; r. s oj Hook I. M(>iintains. Tins C'ourlo brouglit tlicm to the Iflci of Silo lagbim.i, wlnili alVoi.led very line Feail : From hence it was that t;ie King of Hornr) g -t a Coii|)1j of Pearls, as. round, .\\u\ M I y near .is bi;^, .is a 1 leii's l-'.gg. I.;. 1 luy lame i.ixt to iiatboiir in the i\\c Saran^am, tep.jitcd to ) kl bi th Gold aiul IVarl J and here they pnllid I'wo l'ilot> lor tli.ir AAj/wum Voyage. They padcU tiie I es C" rt»f,i, Canuh, Cjbuiio, Cimuca, Cub.tiu, Qbiai, Jjpat, aiKl A^i.s; and came to a lair llk-uid, called Sanger, in j^ :o ot North Latitude V wl.uh lllc had Four Kings. 1 lavi;ig palii d 1 ive other lilands, tlity at l.ilf clbicd 1 tmall Clulter ol Five Idands, which their Pilots laid were tiie Mduii.rs. Th;5 was the 6th ot November, and the .:7ih Month alter tht ir Dcjwnure ironi SpaiH. Theytried tlie Depth of tiie Sea, with their Plumbft, about thcle lilands, and tound it no kls thin 102 Yardsi which Ihcws, that the I'tnu^ueft deligned none ellc Hiould come thither bu: themlelvts, when they told the World, that thofc Se.Ls were lo lliallow, that there was no failing there, bcfidcs tlie other D.ingers of Roeks and Shelves, and tontinuJ I'aikiu'fs. If). Nr.-(mi,r 8. before Sim-rifmg, they entered the Port of Uridcre, which is one of the* Chief of the Mo' lunas. Hie Kiig was a Moor, but, rKiCwithftandiiig the Pieiudiee^oi his Religion, lb extremely fond of the .V^j- nsards, and to much vkvoieel to the Service of their Matter, that he bid tiiem eonw .-.fhore into their own Country and 1 loul; s, called tlicm his Brethren and Chiklren •, nay, in Compliment to them, i hanged the Name of his KinpJoin tioni lindere into C.:fiiU\ Thefc Moluccas are Five in Number, 'leritate, 1 iridore, Mulir, Maechtan, and Bac- ibu:n ; (it all thefe [(mate is the chief, and the King of It was once Lxjrd of oil the reft. Mutir and Maccbiam were then Commonwealths, but Baccbian a Monarchy. I he Clo'.e trees here arc very tall, and as big about as a Man , the Boughs large in the Miiklle, and Iharp at the 1 op i the 1 raves like thole of Bay-trees, and the Bark of an olive Ci.lom . 1 he Cloves grow in large Clufter^ at the 1 ops ot the B the 1-incnels ot Silk ■, and ot this the Women make a fort ot .Aprons, which is all the Covering ttiey make ufc of. i.\. Near //ndf^r lies the "rcat lllc Cj;/e/.', which is di- vid.ed Ixtwern Mcors and // tn: : I he i woKings ot th« Micrs have eontr.lnitid tt. ilirlves very liberally to tlic peopling ot the Illaiid, the one of them having bix>, and the other 0:o Children The Faxans were more ablle- mious in thcic .M.itti is, as well .is ids lui>erltitioiis in other reljKCts, tliaji dv Moon -, yet tiicy ie|)oct ot ttiem, that they adore t!ie full thing ihcy lee in til- MotniJlg. In thij Il'e (here 15 a lort ol a Reed grows as big as a Man's l.x-g, and lull ot a V( ry limpid Water, wind, makes a wholfonic Dunk, l^meniber M. a pul'lic Waretioule was api^jinted in tile Lity lor thr Sale eil" their .Merchandize : The Lx- ch.inge at the t.llowing ipani(irJs lame. The llle 'linJoie is in alx)Ut 27 Minutes North l^atitude, and 1 70^ Longitude, from tiicir Firil Meridian, and alKJUt >j' 30 from tiie Jnhipelago, in which are the Lcidroncs, and run to the Quarters of South-well and N. N. I'.. 'Icnmic is in lour Minutes of South Latitude ; Muiir is directly under the F.quinoitial \ Machtan is in liHeen Minutes ol South Latitude •, and Baccbian m One Minute 1 and this llle is the biggcll of all the Moluaas. When they ileparted from hence, they had the Kings of feveral lll.inds attending tiiem in tlieir Canoes. 1 hey were eondurbd by them to the Ifle Alare, .uid there this Royal Company took, their Leaves ol tluni, not without great Sorrow. In this Ilk they left a leaking Ship beliin.i them, givin'^ Orders, it li. could be repaired, tor its Re- turn into SpMit. 11. I'hcy diredcd their Courfc to the South-weft from Marf, iKing now more in Number th.in Forty-fix 6pa- /i!iird.<, .uid rhiitei;n Iiuiians. I'hey p.ilVrii the Ifles of Cl'jicuun, L.agcma, Huo, (Hcgbi, Capbi, ^uUibo, Ljima- to'ui, 1'enetum, Buru, /lmlio)i, Budia, Olururi, Be»ai,t, jlmi'iiUc, Bandon, /.cnbua, Zoloi, Mo.euamer, Galian, and AliiLUii, belides many others poliell'ed by Mocrs, Uenllens, and Lin:ba!s. 'I'h.y llaid at Mallua Fifteen Days, njuir- in;; their Ships. It lies in H' ot South Latitude, and ii)'f 40 Long, according to thi ir Reckoning. I'liere grows a vail deal cl Pepper there, both long and round ; the Leaves of the 1 ri.c like Mulberry-leaves, and climbing like Ivy. The People are pertect Canibal.s ; the Men wear their Hair and Beards put up in Canes ; and, for Weapons, ufe only Hows and .Arrows. ''January the 2Uh, 1 552. leaving Mailua, tliey arrived aflima, which is Five Ijcagues dillant between the South and South-wert ; here thiy tound Ciinger, the V\ ood of white Sanders, divers Fruits and Bealh, Cjold, and plenty of all Ibrts ot F.o- vilions : The People of the MoliUiUs, Jaia, and !^zen, fetch their Sanders Irom this Iiland. It lies in 10° South Latitude, M<.\ I-.;." ol Longitude. The Inhabitants are Klijlatir^,, and have among them, whiih is alio common to all the hies (vf the .h\.'ipehigo, the Dillemper we call the yriereal Di/cafe. Sailing a long Courfe trom hence, be- tween the Welt and North-we, being fmartly pnuheil with Hunger and Siekneis, Ibmt ot them Were torputf.ng mat /Ut;.;w/;y«^ti)r a little Refrelhment i liiit the m.ijor I'ait ot the Company ((inLluiiinp., that the Pcrtuguefe, who weie there, would prove but uiUuward I'iiylicians tor iluir Pitleiupers, they relolved to lai! home- wauls ; This they d;il in .1 Lourle towatds the Soutii-welt, for tin- Space ot i'wo Months, without touching aii)- wliae , in whieh lime they loft Twttitjr one Men ot thiir Numb. 2. Company, the Remainder being upon the Point of llarving. They came in good time, under tiiis NecelVity, to St. James, which is one of the Cape de Verde lilands, and there they were forced to throw thcnitelves upon the Mercy of the Portuguefe ; lb that, ventuiing afliore, they opened their miferable Cafe to the Pcrlw^iiefe, who were lb generous as to relieve them the firlV, and lo barbarous as to detain them Prifoners the next time tin y came lor Food. Thole in the Ship, linding their Companions I'liirteen in Number) llopt by the Portii^iirje, and having no mind to bear them Company in Prilbn, made all ti.c Halle th.-y polTibly could away i and, the Wind tilling tli;ir Sailsthey came September 7. into the Haven ot Si. Lucjr, near Sevi/le. 24, The Pcrfon who commanded thisWlfel, which liad the good Fortune to return, was one Ji,wi Sih.ijli.m Cane, a Native ot the Town of (.iiietaiJa, in Bifcay, a Man ot great Sj)irit, and equal Fejriune, whole Succefs in this refpeft was very nobly rewarded by the EmiJeror Charles the Vth, who, to perpetuate the Memory of lb glorious an Exploit, gave lum tor his Arms the '1 errellrial Globe, with this Motto, Primis me circitmdedijji ; tliat is, Thou firjl fioroundedjl vie. Some Ciities liave rem.rked, that, inllead ot (irt.umdedij}i, it Ihould have been circumiiijli, or iircii»inaiii;.ijit ; but this was a kind of Fxac'tncis un- worthy (. I'lus remarkable Voyage took up Three Years and Tluity-feven D.iys •, tor tlicy dep.irted ,-.«-.7y? 10. 1319. ai.d returned September 0. i.-.;^. One thing however w.us diUovered m it by fxpeiimce, whieh Realun h.is taught to explain, though by Realon it could h.irdly have been tound out ; for, on their .Arrival at the Moltuwis, they teiuiivl thcmfelves a Day milbiken in their Reckoning, wiiich w.ts not owing to any Negligence in them, liut to the Courle they tailed ; tor it is now a Truth, iulbiifd by Pravtiee, as well as agreeable to the Principles of Geogra- phy and Navigation, that lueh as l.ul Fall, '.i,l they come luc. to the Place they left, have teen the Sun rile, [mIs tli;: Meiidian, and let, once more than their Countrymen they left behind them-, and cwnltquently gain a Day -, and that, 'I i ! H The V OY AGES of Book I. in like manner, luch as fail Wcftward round the Globe, lofc a Day •, which alters their Account, lx)th with rcfpeft K) the Day of the Month, and o»' the Week. MagillM'i Crew cjuid not avoid taking notice of fo ftrangc a Cir- cumrtancc, though ihcy knew not how to account for it % anJ yet modern Geographers explain it very naturally, and very precifely: From whence it is evident, how much Praftice is improved by L,earning and Swdy •, for this iiitircly depends upon the diurnal Circumvolution of the Sun, which may begin at any nKridian Circle, and fo gp routid till it comes back to the ftinc Meridian. This King once conceived, the Whole becomes immediately plain i fmce fuch as fail FaftwanI, advance to a Meridian which the Sun reaches fooner tlun he did that they Idt, an^l therefore they bcgm to count their Day fo much ihc fr.oner : For Kxompic, if thiy fail Fifteen Degrees, they will begin the Day an Hour fooner, and this Anticipation fti'l incrtafcs as they go Kaftwai-d ; and, being once come to tiK- opiTofite Meridian, their Day begins Twelve Hours l(>!)ncr i and, ha\ing gone round, they begin the Day Tvunry four Hours fooner than in the Place they came to, wht Tv It IS Mid-day to both, v/hen the Sun is in the South. An! io they that go Weft, will have the Sun later in their Mtndian by a whole Hour, if tiny fail Fifteen Drgixrs to the Well, which poftpones the Day an Hour for every Filteen Degrees, which comes to Twenty-four Hours in Ikiling round. Since we arc upon this Subjeil, it may not lie ainils to obferve, that they may diflisr a whole Day in fomc Places very near each other : For Inllance, let us fuppofc a Sptnijh Ship to arrive at the Philippim Iflandsj and, at the fame time, a Ptriugutft Ship at Matat, % Port of CbiM, poflcfled by that Natron, and under the fame Meridian a* fomc of the PbilippiHt Iflands : It may fb happen, that the Permguffi may keep EM^tr, while, with the SptmardSy it is ttill Um. We may eafil;^ apprehend thii, if wc confider, that the Pertugntfe, failing Eaft, arrive a Day fooner at \f»cao, than the Spaniards, who came Weft, arrive at the Philiptinfs \ and thus, under the fame Meridian, it it very poflTible they may differ a Day in their Reckoning. 27. Another Cimimftance that fcrvcd to heighten the Reputation of MagtUan, was the Difficulty that other able Seamen met with in foltowing his Coiirfe. The lirfl that made that Attempt, were Two Gfltw/# Ships in 1526. but without EfTeA. Ferdmand Corles, the Conqueror of New Spain, fi^H Two Ships, and 400 Men, in 1528. todif- cover the Way to the Moluccas throuph the Streights, but without Succefs. Se^Jitan Cahot tried it alio by Commiirion irom Den Emamiel King of Ptrtugal, but couW not do it. yfmrricus Vefpuftns was lent by the fame Prince, but could neither find the Streights, nor the River of La Plata. Stmcn Aha/ara, a Spaniard, attempted it likewifc with Icveral Shij«, and 144 Men t but cannc back without per- Ibrming it, his Men having mutinied. All thcfe fcveral Attempts, a* well by the Spaniards u other Nations, were made before the Expedition of Sir Francis Draki : /in Ac- count of which is to be our next Subject i!- It i^ S E C T I O N IV. The Foyage of Sir Francis Drake round the Glohe. I. Tie Kiriih- and CbarafJfr of Sir Francis Drake, j. His Tuo firft Exftditiim aji^ainji the Spaniards, (ivj Rfilution to fail tbrougb the South Seas. 3. Hn Strength whtfi he Jit i led, A. D, i fyy. on this Ex- piditim. 4. Hii A.hi-niitris in the Cajx: dc Vcrd IJlands. f . Defcription of the Iflandi of St. lago, and Del F(jg,a. 6. Tbiir Anivol on thi Cotijl of liiahl. 7. Trade with the Inhabitants of the Country at the Mcutb of tic River hi Plata. 8. Continue tbfir Foyage to the Streights of Magellan. 9. Misfor- tune at the ///.;;;./ c/ Mixiia. jo. Plunder the Town of St. lago, on tie Coa/t of Chdi. 1 1. Other rich Prizes taken on tlkjt Coiijl. ii, A rich Spauiili l'<'^fl called tit Cacafaqjo taken, and Cuatulco ^/i//;- dtred. II. They luil Northicard to the dali of CAxionWi. 14. Defcription of that Country, ami its Inhabitants, if. Their Cxurfe to the Moluccas, and Tranfa3 tons there. 16. Defcription of fever at Ifands. 17. A count of jiv^ Alitor, a'lJ their Icii^ Run to Sierra Lcoua. 18. Departure from thence, and fafe Arrival /« F.nglaiiil in Sept. 16. if 80. lo. Clamours raifed againji him on his Return. 20. %«•(•/» lilizabctb Jr: s on board '::> Slip at Dcptford, and confers on him the Honour of Knighthood, 21. RxcapituUtiin of Things kc/} ib/.^rrahle i'l this Voyage cf Sir Francis Drake, 22. Aconci/e Ac- count of his Ail ions to his Death. 33. Tie Confequcnces of his failing round the Ctobt to Us, the Spa- niards, and other Nations. I ' T lus been obtrvcJ of mod of the Herc>es of An- tiqutt)-, that iluy wcrcot a dubious Delccnt -, wlmii gave an Opponuniiy of frequently Lithcr ; them upon their God?: And in this, anJ well as in many other afpccls. Sir Irancu Drake nlcinblcil thdir ancient i lerois. 'Ilu- learned Camden tclis us, that he was the .Son of a Clergyman, who, in the Tirm- of C>viecn hlizahtth, be- came Vicar cf Lpncrt, on the it Henry VIII. ami, having like wile a compitci t .Share ot I^ariiinj^, was or- dained Deacon in the Uass ol tjuccn hlizahetb, and fet- tled at Upncre. As for our 1 Itro.Tic r. ccivtd the Chnftian Name of Francis, from his (jodfadiir Fniniis I arl of prentice to the Matter of a fmall Bark trading to Franet and Ztland ; vrho, liaving a great Affection tor the L-id, a.id Uiiig hiinftlf a Batchelor, whcnhecanieto die, left him his B.i!k. .\: the Age of Eighteen Mr. Drake was made I'utlirr ol a Ship, which went to the Bay of Btfi:ay\ and at Twenty he lua^lc a \'oyage to tlic Coall of Qtunej. In all thcfc Voyagis In- diiliiiguilhed hiinlclt by his extraor- dinary C<;uragc, a:;d by a Sagacity very unulual in Pertbns of lus Age. His Lu.Ublc Dtlir-: of Glory indiiicd him to venaiif all that he ii,4ti in the WorKI in a Voyage to the // ifi Inuiti m the Year 1 ^65. but in this he liad no Suc- tcls. In 15O7. he ftrvcd undit his Kmiman Sir John llauknii, in tit* Bay «jI Mexico ; but was lliJ iinluiturvate, retunung from ihrntc nth in point of Fame, bur, as to lus Cirf.uniilam.ts, in a ir.aniicr umlonc. Thtlc Difap^xnnt- mcnts iuvtd only to h-.ightcn lus Rcfentmcnt i and i]icre- lorc he matic Two Voyages more into thole Parts, tlic firll in 1370. Willi Two Ships, the Dragon and Swan, the fc- cirtid 111 1.-71. in the i-;w« alone, (urcly tor the l4ke of Bedford: But itdoc-inot app'-W. diat he obta.iud any great Iiiforinat.on, ami that he might qu.ihly hinilcli for under- Btneiit from tlut NoblenianM'atroiiai'.f in hi* Vouili 1 lor taking tomethiiig ol Importance w. tiiolc Parts, which by I liml, that, as ioori as he was al)k-, he was luit to Sea, Ap- lus Courage and Pert verant. , he brought to bear " brought I In hu Anral, u( (iKcn £/...*,//■. .V i)^ i jr,;. «hc^ ^^ u,,. „„, he h«l ll.«c |',„.cuh,. (,om S„ fr,,.,, iV,«,', „»„ Mould -» n 111. A,//», ./ E^U,J, f. 5H-. w.. crchcu>. ro.h..i. .1 Mr hJm..J Dr..t.\ bMi.jj W., u ;,-«.,. »nd y« llitv,- J^.nuia.ive ol C... .« rourt .ng u.c Uic» ai,J iaa. flii. Awunt lu> bt«0 wmf«i(d m^Mk »U hilhtrto i,uUiili«U. MiutuUrlv .Mr C'hspliui uuri.ij tJie Vo/»|t. - —...., ,,. > • ' ' flii,.h''\, «ho »»i 1. His look I. pine Iflandsi it Matao, a i under the I : It may lb while, with J apprehend failins Eaft, miardsy who lit, under the ifFcr a Day in heighten the at other able "he firft that in 1526, but leror of A'ifW 528. todif- Itrcights, but r Commiflion .lid not do it. c, but could )f La Plata. likcwifc with without pcr- thtfc fcvcral Vatiuns, were akt: AnAc- 3va. ;•: J ^ bt Sfwniards, , on this £x- of St. lago, hi Country at 9. Mis/or- I. Other rich latulco plurt' liry, ami its H of fever al from thence^ kii Return. Knighthood, tconL-l/e ytc- Us, the Spa- ing to Franct tor the Loint- it , anil tjicrc- 'arts, t!ic firll Swan, the Jc iir tlic lake ot kit for undcr- rts whitli, by ) hear ". Irtoulh. ■ ' " ■ luliiikC of t'»ie in C) . {J^/^A A' CIS (/)/? A KE . x%J^<'fi from an C^rryi/z/f/l/a^/iU/tjO^ /a^/' m M^'^(>^^f>i^ri of •. His li I t I m 1 1 m • Ifi': ii 1 I Chap. I. J» F A A N C I S I>R A K Ei '? a. His Charaifter being now fuificirntly cftabliflted, he found enow ready to venture Part of their l««, tor Men of litdc Minds to blift the noblell Puipolts by their own bati: Suggtlhons! All Thmgs beiii(' thus adjullcd, Ca^uain Drake tided out of Plymtutb Sound November the 5th, 1577. about Five in the Afternoon •, but by a fearful Storm, wherein they futlained tome Damage, he was forced to put back again ; when, having, in few Days, tupplied all Dttbas on the 13th of December, the fame Yur, with more favourable Winds, he once more hoilfed his Sails, and put to i-ca : He avoided, as much as he could, falling in too tarly with tlic Land I and, the Wind liivouring his Dcrign,thiy made none, till the 25th of the fame Month they fell in with Cape Cautin, on the Coaft of Barhary, and, on the 27th, came to the Itlc of Alagador, lying One Mile Dilbnce from the Maiti, between which and the Ille they found a very fatie and convenient Harbour. Here the Admiral direfted a Pinnace to be built, having brought, as we obfervcd, the Hulks of Four ready framed from England. While they were upon tliis Work, fome of the Inhabitants came to tho Water-tide, thewing Flags of Peace: Upon which the Admiral tint out his Boat to know their Minds : One of his Men ftayed as a Pledge amongft them, and Two of their Company were brought a Shipboard. They told hinn by Signs, that the next Day they would furnilh hii Ships with good Provifions, which Civility he rewarded with Linen Cloth, Shoes, and a Javelin, Things very accepta- ble to them ; and fo they departed. The next Day they came as tney had promiled, and one of the Men, whoie Name was fry, leaping out of the Boat amongll them, tliinking to have leajx-d into the Arms of l-'iiencs, made liimfelf the Pritbner of thofe perfidious Wretches, who, threatening tu llab him if he made any Relillance , prefently mounted him a florfeback, and carried hwn up into their Country ; from whence, however, after Examination, he was fent lately back into h?s own. 4. The Pinnace being finifhed, they fet Sail December the 30th, and January the 1 7th they arrived at Cape Blanco, where they found a Ship at Anchor within the Cape, ha-.- ing only Two Mariners in her : The Ship they took, .ind carried her into the Harbour, wJiere thuy Ihyed four Days -, in which time the Admiral muftered his Men athcre, to prepare them tor Land as well as Sea Service. Here they took of the Filhermen fuch NecetTavics as they wanted, and alio one of their Evks ot about Forty Ton, leaving behind them a little Bark of their own. They left this Harbour January the 2 2d, carrying along witii them one ot the Portugueje Caravels, which was bound to the Ides of Cape de Verd for Salt -, the Mafler of the Caravel af- fured the Admiral, that in one of the Cape de Verd Illands, called Afoj'o, there was good Store of dried Ca- britos, or Goats, which were every Year made ready for tiich Ships of the King's as called there. They came to this Plarx January the 27th •, but the Inhabitants would drive no Trade with tliem, the King's Orders having po- fitivtly forbid it : Yet the next Day they went to take a View of the IHand, the Admiral lending out a Company oi Men for that Purpofe. They marehcd towa-.ds the chief PLice of the Ifli', .ind, having travelled through the Mountains for Three Days, they came thidier before Day- brc.ik : They found that the Inhabitants were all ru:i away, but, xs for the Country, by the manuring, it appeared to Lx.' more fruitful, tlian the other Part of the llland. They relied thcmlelvcs here awhile, and hinquttcd upon deli- cious Grapes, which were in their I'lime even at th.it Sea- liin cf the Year which is the Depth of W inter with us in England. This Ifland is flored with Goats, wild Hens, and Salt, which Nature makes reaiiy to the Inhabitants 1 lands : Ir is brought tog( ther in great Qiiantiiies upon the 1 .and by the flowing of the Sea, aixi the Heat of the Sun kerns it. The People have no more to do, but to gather it into Heaps, and till it to their Neig'ibours, which tiiey do, and reap great Profit from it. Thvy found here alio Cocoa-trees, which bear no L.t aveS nor Branches but at the Top J the Fruit grows in Clulters, and each Cocoa is as big as a Man's Head : Having fatislied themfebcs with tliel'c Fruits, they marched farther into the Ifland, and tiiw great Store of Cabritos ; but they could take none of them, though, if they had pleafed, they might have fur- niflicd theinfelves with tome that were old, dead, ami diied, which the People had laid out on purpote for them \ but, not caring for the Retuli: of the llland, they returned lu their Ships, with an Account of what they had feen. 5. January i6 Z&^ V O Y A G E S of Book I. « V 4 ! iM 5. JjHuary the 21ft, they went From hrncc, and failed by the Illc- Hi. lago \ in iwlUng by which, the People dil- rhargcil Three Pieces ol Cannon at thcni, hut w itlvout .ioing Mil'chicf. The llUnd is tair ami large, inlubited L7 Por- lugiuji V but the Mountains arc iwirtUal by the Ai^rs, who, to deliver themlWvn from Slavery, l]f^l to thok Places of Refuge, where tluy have torntied thcmlclves. Before this Illand they faw 1 wo Ships undtr Sail, one of wl\ich they took, ami fouml to l>e a gooil I'nze, laden witli Wines : The Adnv.ral n tained the i'llor, but dif- chargid the Ship and the Men, giving thcni ibme Viituals, a. Butt of Wine, and tluir wearing Cloaths °. I'lu- fame Night they came to the lllaiul Del Fcgo, or the Burning IJhmU which is inlubiteil by Portuguejt: On the North Side there is a fort of Vulcai.o, that is continually iK-Khing out Smoak ami Hame : On tiic South Side lies a very delightful I iland, lu,l of Trees ever green ar.d tlourilhing, and rcfr'jfncd widi cooling Streams, that p»)ur tliemlelvcs out into the Sea. I lerc was no convenient Road tor their Ships, the Sea being fo dctii, that there w.is no Poflibihty ol tixing an Anchor thereabouts, leaving thefe Ilbmis, they drew towards the L.ine, U.ing fomctimes becalmed lor a long time together, and, at others, beati'n with Te-mjielh. They ha.l continualiy great Plenty ot lilh, as Dolphins, Bonito's, and Hying-tilhc^ Ibme ot which tiropt down into their Slii; «, and could not rife again, be- caule liuir tinny \N ings wanted Moilhirc. 0. From the tiril Day of tlicu- Departure from the Illands ol Clip: l''(rde, they failed 54 Days without Sight of LmvI i and tlie full which fliey law was the Coatl di Hraji', m 38' of South latitude, .ijpn.' the 5th, the birlwous Peo[;leon Shore, having difcovercd tlie Ships, lyganto uli: their acculfomed Ceremonies, in order to raili; a Storm to link their Ship : For this Purpolc tlicy matle great Fire-*, and oh'ercd lome S-icritices to the I'Vcvil ; but at prcfent, it leems, he was not able to lerve them. /Ipril the yth, tiiey had Lightning, Rain, and Fhunder •, in which Storm Vv:y loll the Company o( a l.ttle Bark, tiic Cbrijlepbfr ; but the 1 ith they found her a!;ajn ; and tJie I'lace wlure all the Ships, thai wcic dilpeilld in the Search ot her, met together, tlie Admiral called lltipe Joy, ami hen; every Ship took in Irclh Water. The Country hereabouts was lair and plcafant, the Air iwect and mild, the Soil rich and Iruitlul. TJie Inhabitants Iccmed to be only lonu- Menis «l wild Deer, no others being to be leen, though they di.i:frncd the lootftcps ot fume People in tlie(»rountl. ilaving wughcd .-Vncnor, and run a little tarther, they lound a fmall Haibour txtwten a K'xk and the Mam, wlicie the Kotk brcai.mg th;- i-orceot tin.- Sea, the Slup rode Very lattly. Upon this Rock they killed fcvcral Seals, kcepmg them lor Food, and lound them whoilome, though not picalant. 7. llKir next Courfc being to 36* of South I.atitude, they entered tii-.: great River ut Platf, and came into L>e- twtcn 3? and 54 1-athom ol Irdh Water ; but, (iiuling no good Harbour there, they jnit out to Sia ag.n .. Sailing on, they can^e to a g'x^d H,ty ; m which Bay wtrc leveral pietty Illands, one ol which was llotk'd with Scah, and the others, lor the moll jait, with towls, fo tlut there was no want of a;.y Prov;i.ons, or of gootl Water there. '1 he Adn.iral b-.mg on Shi re in one ol thole Mami'., the People came dancing atid leaping about him, and were very tree tu trade : But thcirCullom was not to take any thing from any other Perlon, uilelstiril thrown down on the Groond. 1 hey were coir.ely itrong-bodud IVoj le, very fwiti ol loot, and ot a brilk lively Conllitutiun. 'I lie AlarigoU, ami the Cbrijhphir, • bcmg fnt to cift(jver a convenient Harbour; I cturneij with the tuppy Newsot luth an one i ii which they went with all their Ships. Here the Srais aix-umlcd to tlut degree, that they killed more tlian i.00 in an Hour's Space. Flic Nauvts came Ixjiuly and conhdentiy atxjiit them, wi'iilc they were workuig on Shore •, their i aces were painted, and ilicir Apparel only a Covcruig ot Ikall ikins wuh the Fur oo/ about their Waills, aiid loiiicthing wrc.ithed about tlitir i lea-.ls. I licy had Bows an F.ll long, bit no more than i'wo Ar- rows apiece. 'lhi:y feemed to be not altogether dillitute of martial Dikiphnc, as appe.u-ed by the Mctliod dtey ob- fervcd in ordering ami ranging their Men \ and they gave fulficient Proof tit their Agility, by Healing the Admiml's Hat off from his veiy Head; which was a brave Prize among tlicin, one taking the Mat, nnd another the gold l.ace that was on it •, neither of which coukl ever be got from them again. Ihey were the Nation which Magtilan called Paia^tns. 8. Having difiatclicd all Afiain in this Place, thry failed \ ami, June the .toth, they anchored in Port St. Julian, fo called by Magtilan. Here th«y law the (.itW>rt on which Magellan hail Ibrmerly exeaKed fomc of In i mutinous Company : And here alio Admiral Drake cxe cured one Captain Doughty, the moll fufpeiled Aftion of his Lite. Alter which Execution, /tugujl the 17th, they left St. Julian's, I'o.t, and the 20th fell in with the Streight of Magtlhn, going into the South Sea. The 21ft they entered the Streighr, which they tbund to lie very intricate and crooki-d, with diver* Turnings i by which means, fliifting about fo often, the Wiml would fomctimei be againft them, which made their Sailing very trouble- Ibme, and not only fo, but dangerous too, efpecially if any ludden Blafts of Wiixl came : For, though there be llvcral gooii HarlMiurs about, and frcfti Water enough, yet the Sea is lb d«ep, that there is no anchoring there, ex- ce|« in tome very narrow River or Corner, or between the Rocks. 'Ihrre are vart Mountains, covered with Snow, that fprcad along the I^ml on lioth Skies the Streights ; the 1 ops of w.hich mount up in the Air to a prodigious Height, having Two or Three- Regions of Clouds lyiny in Order below tliem. The Streights are extremely colil withl-ioll and Snow continually. Yet the Trees and Pkiius maintain a conilant Wrdure, and Dounlh notwithAanding the teeming Seventy of the Weather. At the South and f-ill Pans ot the Streight there are various inamis, between which the Sea breaks into the Streights, as it does into the main Fntrance : 'Flic Breadth of it is tirom one League, where it is the n.irroW( ft,to Two, Three, or Four Leagues, which IS the widell -, and tlie I'ldcs rile high through the Whole. 0. .Mgujl the 24th, diey came to an WanJ in the Streights, where were Pengwins, a tort ot Fowls as big as licele, that could not Hy -, and they were in fuch Multi- tudes, tlut they killed 3000 in let* tlian one Day. Stf' tenher the t th, they entered the South Sea at the Cape or 1 lead Sliore. ,Vnd tlic 7;h they were driven by a Storm luck trom tlut tntrance more than 100 Leagues l.Ajngi- tude, and i' to the South of tk- Streight i trom the Ba/ they were driven Southwards of the Streights, in 57* of South Latitude, where they anchored among the I'lands, hmjing good trelh Water, and excellent Herbs. Not far trom Ivrnce, they enttred another Bay, where thiy found naked People, ranging from one Illand to anorher in their Canoes, ui leek Provuions. Fhcfe traded with them for luch Commodities as they had. Sailing Northward Iroin hence, diey tuund I hree Illands, Oilober the jd, in one ol which was luch I'lenty of Birds, as is hardly credible. Oticber the hth, they loil the Company of the Ship, in wluch was Mr. H'inter. Being now come to the other Mouth ot the Streights, they put away towards the Coaft ot Chtli, which the g- neral .Maps place to the South-wcrt, but tky lound attei wards to he to the North-eal\ and F.i(lerly ; fo that thofc Coalls were either not fully dif- covercd, or at kail n'>t laithfully dclciibcil. They pro- ceeded llill in ihe lame Courll , till, upon th;- ayth of Sovemittr, they uime to the llle ot Mocha, where they ealt Anchor, and tlvc .Acimiral, with Itn Men, went aihore. Ihe People that dwelt there, were luch as the extreme Cruelty tn.^j/ w j» inncxcil to ilic C.-awti of .">«,, 10. Con- \UM Chap. I. J'/r F R A N c I s Drake. 17 10. Contmump; thrir tniiilL' lor (,'kli, and ilrawing iKar the Coafts of it, they I'l't an fiitliim in 4 Cuikk-, who, nVillaking them for Spamardty lolii thi-m, that at Hi. logo riirre was a great Spanijh Shiii lailcn for Ptru. The AJ- miral rewarding him lor his IiUilligUKc, he very rradily conducted them where the Shii) lay at Anchor, which waa Port Vtl Pitriza, in 33" 40' of South I.atitiulc. All the Men they luit in her were no more than Diglit StoMiariU, and Three Nrgroci \ and they, fuopofing the EMgiiJb to have been I'ricndi, welcomed them DV Heat ot Dium, and hwiteil them to drink Ibnie Chili Wine with thi-m. But fhcy, refoiving I'uft to (rcmc their I'rizc, and then drink, immediately buml«d theShm, and, diivinu ail the Spaniards under Hatchci, took I'uHt-fllon. One ol the Spanianb, fee- ing howtJKy wcrcfervnl, dt lj)cratily li aj)ed overboaul, and Iwam to the Town ol 67. l*i»t to Kivt them Notiteof tlic coming of the EntUJl \ n^Min whiih, »ll the Inhabii.mts ptefently nutltcd titc Town, and ran awav, whicii thry mijihi qulcUy do, tiicrc not Iwing aU)vc Nine 1 loullioUls in the whole Town. The Adnuiul and Ins Men entued, ntied the Town and the CIm^kI, taking out ol it .1 lilver Chalice, Two Crucii, and an Altar ilofh. They lounil in the Town alio a gooil Cargo of Gtany, and being ictolvcd, tor the Glory of Aei|;MMiun, to uiKlertake Kcvcnge uport fo daring an Kncii))^tlKy, with an Army ot ;;ou llorfe, and ioo I'out, aiiacivcd the(c I'ourteen Englijbi and, after lumc Uilputc, liy the Milp of their Gods, made a Slauglucr ol 0110 tiniard'H Keptjfi, but, taking the Sdvcr, Kit him to take out his Nap. Not far from lunce, gomu alhore tor Water, they nut a ySpa- laard Ji\*\ M\ Indian ilnving Kiulw /V'Ht/'oN Sheep, laden vitli very line Silver, evuy Shet p h.tvin^ Two Leather Bags (Lontaining t-ilty Pmiiicls Weight cacii; on \m Back. Tliey dcliviicd tlK pcnir AiuniiU liom their irklome Biinfras, and lodged the B.igi in their own Ships : After whith, the Indian and Spi>n„.td wric j)crn>itttd to ilrivc ' in 8 ' 30' of Three fmall on. i'luy liiiled h^-ncc to .iM,«, whah is South Latitude i and, in thi« Pivi, luund Borkii, whiili, being iiflcil, yidded them I'llty-leven Wedujfi ol Silver, tacli weighing al'out 1 wonty Pounds : Tky toi.k no Prilluieiit in the Rarksk lor the Men that Ixlonj^ed tothciu, fcaruig noStiungcti coming thither, were all gone on Shore to make many anumgil thcml.lves. Tlay did nut alliiuittlK' Town, luvinunutStrengthenough t>;r it: So, nuithig out to Sea again, tluy met with another l.ttic Bark fockn with I .incn Ciuth, Fart of wtikli the Ad> miral took, and lu lc^( her {i^o, dililaiiiing to l.utt others, where he couKI do himlrU no good. i;. Edrudry tiic 1 {tli tiny ».aii)c to the Foit of Lima, which lies in 11' /;o South 1 .aiitude \ and, having entered the ILvcn, found ilierc Tvviive Sail of Ships lying fall at Anchor, widia i their Sail* down, without VN ati h or Guaid, their Mailers being all drinking and carouiing ulhuie : I'x- amming the Contenu ot tlirle .Ships, they tuund a Cheli lull of Rials ot Plate, ureal Store of Silks und Linen \ all which I'late they cat i nil to their own SIul^s, and Part ol the Silki and 1 .mrii. llie Admiral licie bad notice of crv rich Sliip, c.died the Cacnfum, wliith was rcls PaHa, whith they purfuing thither, found another vcr gone towards her, before their Arrival, gone tor Panama : But, how- ever, though they miflcd their intended Prize, another ( which they took in thtir Purfuit of her to Panama) paid them the Charge of their Voyage : For, befides the Ropes, and other Tackling for Ships, which they found in her, Ihe yielded them F.ighty Pounds Weight of Gold, tojgetlur with a fine Crucifix of the fame Metal, richly acbrned with Emeralds \ all which, with fome of the Cordage, they feized : But, refoiving ttill to proceed in the Purfuit of the Cata/utgo, the Admir.il, to entourage his Company, pro- mifcd, that whoever fnfl fiw her, Ihould have his Gold Chain for a Reward -, whii h fell to the Share of Mr. Johi Drake, who lirll dcllritil her about Three o' Clock. About Sue o' Clock they came up with her, g.ive her Three Shots, flruck down her Mi«n, and boarded her. They found her full as rich and valuable as Ihe was rcportecl to be, having ahoaril her I'hiiteen Chclls full of Rials of Plate, Eighty Pounds Weight of Gold, a good Quantity of Jewels, and Twenty-li.x 'I'on of Silver ILrs. The Place where this Prize was taken, was c.Jlcd Capo San I'raiicijco, about 150 Leagues Uom Panama, and in i^ of North Latitude : Anioiigft other rich Pieces of Plate, whith they loiinil ill this Ship, they met with a Couple of vi ry large Silver Kowkgilt, which belonged to the Pilot of her; Ihe Admira, feiing thelc, tolil him, that he had Two fine liovsL, but lie; mull neecis have one of them 1 which the Pilot jkkled to, not knowing how to help h'lmftlf j and, ii) m.ikc It look Id's like Compulfion, he prefentcd the t'thcr of them to the Admiral's Steward. The Pilot's Boy (when tluy went awav) told the Admiral, that his Ship, and not theirs, fliouid ..t * be called tlie Cacafuego, frnce it had gotten all the rich Lading of the Cacafuego in it, and that theirs might be (likd the Cacaplata -, wluch Jell of tlie Boy's made the Company \tiy merry ^ After this, having intircly ranlocked the Cacafuego, they cad her off i and, coiitinuinr; their Courfe to the Well, they met with a Ship laden witii Linen Cluth, China Dilhes, and Silks of the fame Country -, the Owner of it was a Spaniard, diea on board, from whom the Admiral took a FaJcon, wrought witii mjlly Gold, with a great Fanerald fet in the Breaft of it \ befides this, chufing what he liked of the Wares aboard this Vcflel, and fcizing the Pilot for his own Ser- he turned olT the Ship. This Pilot brought them vice. to tile Haven of GuatuUo, the Town adjacent to which had but (as he faid) Seventeen Spaniards in it : Having, therefore, put to Shore, they marclied dirciftly to the Town, and fo up to the public Hall of Juftice, v^here they found a Court fitting, and a Judge ready to pals Sentence u^on a P.utel of poor Negroes, that were accufed of a Plot to Hre the 1 own : But the Admiral's coming changed the Scene ol Allairs at this Com t -, for he, being Judge him- fell, palled Sentence upon them all, both Judges and Cri- nViiuLs, to become his Prilbners -, which Sentence was pre- fcntly executed, and they all carried away to the Ships, 1 leic he made the Cliicf Judge write to the Townfmen, to keep .It a Dillance, and not pretend to make any Relill- nntc : So the Town being cleared, they ranfackcd it all over, finding no other valuable Plunder than about a Bufhcl ot Rials of Plate ; only one of their Company took a rich Spaniard flying out of the Town, who paid him tor his Trouble in purfuing him, with a Gold Chain, and fume Jewels. Here the Admiral fetting alhorc Ibme Spunijh Prilbners, and his old Portuguefe Pilot, whom he took at the Iflanu ot Cape de Ferd, departed hence for the Illand Canno: While diey lay here, a certain Spanifh Ship, bound for die Piiiippine Illands, came in their Way, which they only lightened of a Part of tlw Burden of her Merchandize, and lb difcharged her. I J. The Admiral, now thinking he had, in fome mea- fure, revenged both the public Injuries of his Country, as well as his own private Wrongs, upon the Spanitirds, began to deliberate upon liis Return home : But which Way he fhould take, was the Qyeftion to be refolvcd : To return by die Streights of the South Sea (and as yet no otlier i'alliigc had been difcovered) he tliought would be to throw liimfclf into die Hands of the Spaniards, wlto f Ni' 'Ihi-. 1 mull own, ii « vrry cotilt Keirwlll* jekr, turning on |L« WorJ» C«ia/»nt and CatefUn, that is, Fertjin and Fartfau. .M I', i. F would i8 ■fbc V () Y A c; i; s of ti-.ok J. IfM i ■woulil probably tlirre wait for him, witli a Tar greatfr Stniij!;th tlun Ik- ( ukl now (op- with i loi lie Tud at this time but one Sl)iii lett, net tlioii^-, tlioiigli it was .i vrry rich one. All Tliini;s thtrcforc conrmcrnl, he ic- lolvcd to go rountl to tlu- iV/d/tt'"'-', a 'li 1" tolIuwthcCourrc of the Periuguifi\ to get I lomo by the Cape of GaeJ I loft: But, bc-ing beialmid, he ttuiul it ncccllary to lail more Northerly to get a gooil Wiiul ; ujwn whiili I)ii'i(j,n they iaiicii at (call too Ixagues, which was all the Way they made from .//r;,' i6. to June ^ Junt 5. King got into 4 ^° of North 1 jtituJe, they found the Air excclfivi cold ; and, the further thi-y went, the Severity of the Weather was more intolerable : Ufion which Score thiy made to- wani the land, till they c.ime into 38' North l^titmle, under which I Itight of the I'ole they toiind a very j^oodBay, and had a favourable Wind ro enter the fame. /\ecord- ingly here tiny had fomc Corrcfiwndencc with the I'copic of the Country, whofc Houfes lay all along upon the Wa- ter-fide. They lent the Admiral a Prclent of I'eathcr;, andC.iwh of Net woik, who entertained, tlum with l<> much Kindnefs and l.ibirJiiy, thut th;' poor I'eoplc were inli- r.itcly pleaKd. I'hough the Country bv- cold, yet they fo order the Mstt.r in the framing their lloul'cs, as to live out of Datigcr of ftatvLig 1 for ihty furround them with a rietp Trcncli, up n the ourmoil Kiige of which they raife upgre.it Pieces of Timber, which dofe all tog. tlier at the 1 op like the .'^pire of a Steeple \ their BctI is the bare Ground, I'.rewed with Rullies and their I- ire-place in the Middle, alx>ut wl.i.h they all lie. The Men go naked, the Women wt-ar a clofc (iarment of Bultullies, drflFeil aftir the manner of Hemp, which, fattened about their Midiiics, hangs down to their llip", and upon thar Shoulders they have 3 Deer's Skin •, but their veiy g(xxi Qualities make Amenvl<. for their ordinary Drel's and figure, beini; extremely dutiful to their Husbands. The Admiral had, quickly atfcr. another Prcfen: from them, wh;ch was Feathers, and Bags of Tobacco ; a conliilcrabit Body of them waiting u]->on him at the fame time : They were all gathered togct'.icr at the Top of an liill, fium whence their Speaker h.irangucd the .\dmiral, who !.iy Ix'iow in his Ten: pitched at the Botti.m of the lliil : \\ hen this was ended, they left tlicir Weapons, and came down, ofleiing their own I'rcfcnts, and, at the fame time, civilly return- ing thefe which the Admiral had matle them. All the while, the NN'uir.en who remained above, pffired with a mad l-uty, tote their Hair, and tr,.ade dreaittul Howlings, which is the common Mufic at their Sacrifices, lijmething of which Nature w.is then folcmnizing : But whilft thefe aLovc were ferving the Devil, the Men ijclow were better employed, .rteiuling very diligrntly to Divine Service, then periormcd in the Admiral's Tent. Thele Circum- ilancr*, though tnvial in themfelves, are of Confcquencc m alTming t.ur fiilf Difcovery of Califorma. 14. The News of the Englilb being there, having Ipreaii about m the Countr>', there came Two Amlafllidors to the Admir.il,to tell him.tliatfht Kingwas coming to wait ujxhi him, and deliied a Token of Peace to aflure lus liife Con- du(fl. The .'\dmiral having given this, the whole Train beg.in to march towards them, and that in very gwxl and graceful Oida : In tiie I-ror,t came a very comely Fcdbn, licanng the Sceptre lyforc the King, uix)n whi'ch hung Two Crowns, and I'iirceCh.nns of a very great l^xmgth : The Cnnvns w.rc made of Net-work, and artificially wrought with Feathers of m.iny Coknirs, and the Chains wcie ma !c of Bones. Next to the Son which l>ay in the Morning they fell in with certain lOandsin 8° of North latitude ; from whence they met a great Number of Canoes coming laden with Cocoas, and other Fruit: Thele Canoes were hollowed within with a great deal of Art, and locked fmooth anil n.ining without like burnifhcd Horn ; the Prow and Stern Ixjth yielded inwards, Circlewife ; on each Side of them lay our Two i'ieces of Timber, abo-jt a Yard and an half long, more or lefs, as the Vellcl was bigger or lefs -, they were of a confiderable Height, and. Tor Shew, fet off in the Infide with white Shells : The People tlut were in them, had the lower Part of their Fjr« nit round, and llretchcil down a confidei-abic Way upon their Cheeks, by the Weight ot thofc Things they hang in them. They feemed to dclign thrir Nails for Weapons, letting them grow a full Inch in Ungth. Their Teeth are as black as Pitch 1 and they have a way to prefervc them, by eating of an Herb, with a fort of I'owder, which they ever carry about with them for tJut Purpofir. QStoha 18. they came to (evcral other Iflands \ foine of which appeare*! to be very pnpuloas, and continued their Cotirfc by the Illands ot TagulaiJa, Zckn, ami Zncarra ; the firll of which had good Stoic of Cinnamon, and the Inhabitants of all of them were Tnends to the Portt:^uefe. The Admiral, without niaitmg any Delay, llaad live lame Coitffc ftill. Ntvfmbtr r> -the Chap. i. J>> F R A N C IS D R A K I,. K9 the I4lh, tli«y Wl in >^'"li the Moluccas, and, inteniling for Viridcrc, as tliey coafteil along chc Ifland Mmyr, which belongs to the King of Ttmnte, they met his Viceroy, who, lireing the Admiral^ Ship, without Fearcamr aboard him. He aitviled the Admiral by no means to proftcute his Voyage to '■litidortt but to fail dlrrftly for lernale, becautc his Mafter was a rery great linemy to the Pcrlugucfe, and would have nothing to do with them, it' they wtrc at all concerned with TiriJore, or that Nation, who were fettled there. The Admiral, upon this, rcfolvcd upon Ter- natc \ and early next Morning came to an Anchor bctorc the Town : He fent a Mcflenger to the King with a Velvet CIauL, as a Picfent, and to alTure him, that he cimr thither with no Ucfign, but purely that of trading in hisCtaintry. The Viceroy alio by this time hail been with the King, and difpoleu him to entcitain a very favourable Opinion oi the K/fgli/b \ which wrought fo far, that the King rctumeil a very civil and obliging Anfwcr to the Admiral's Mcf- lu^< , alTuring higi, that a friendly Corrcl'iwndencc with the I'lttgli/h Nation was highly plcafing to him ■, that h\s whole Kingdom (hould lie open to them, and whatever it yieWed Ihoiild be at their Service •, and, more than that, that he was reatly to lay himfcif, .ind his Kingdom, at the Foot oi fo glorious a I'rincefs, as wjs the (^lecn, whom thry fervid, and to make her hisSovurign, as well as tlKin : And, in Tokt n of this, he lint the Admiral a .Si(;n 'f, i.irrying it, befides, with a very great Ref|>eCt to tlie En^liflj MclTcnger, who went to Court, and hail been received there with much I'omp and Ceremony. The King, having a mind to make the Admiral a Vifit on .Slup-bo-iiil, lint bctorehand Four largo Canoe?;, nilpdwith the mort highly digniheil Perfons about him ; they w.;re alt dielkd in wTiitc l.awn, and had an exceeding large ITinbrella of very fine i>erfumeil \Uts, (home i.p with a Frame made ol Recils) Ipreading over their Heads, from one F,nd of the Canoijto anothf their Servants, cLul in White, ftood abour thcin -, and, without thefe, were Ranks of Soldieri pl.Krd : In Ortler, on both Sides their martial Men, v/cre placed the Rowers, in ceruin wcll-contri. ed Galleries, which lay Thref at a Side all along the Canoes, and were decently raifcd one alxivc the other, each Gallery contain- ing F-ighty Rowers. I'iicfe Canoes were fumilhcd too with all warlike I'rovifions, and the Soldiers well accoutred, having all manner ct VNca|X)n», Ixith oRcnfivc and de- fcnfive. Rowing near the Ship, thiy all p.iid their Re- verences to the Admiral, in great Order, one after another-, and told him, 1 hat the King had fent thcin to conduft him into a later Roail than that he was in at prctcnt. Soon after came the King himfelf, attended hy Sjx grave an- ticnt Ferfons : He fcemcil to be much picafed with the Kngli/h Mufic, and much more with the EngH/b Gcnc- rolity, which the Admiral cxprcfTed to the lull in very Urge Frclcnts made to him, and his Nobles. The King promili"d the next Day to come aboard aga'n •, and that liime Night fent them in Store of Provilions, as Rice, I lens, Sugar, Cloves, a Sort of Fruit they call Frigo and ^ago, which is a Meal they make out of the Top of 1 rifs, melting in the Mouth like Sugar, hut tailing like a (our Cunl •, but yet, when made up into Cakes, will keep fo as to be very fit for eating at Ten Years End. The King came rot abcinl according to his Fromife, but ftnt his Brother to excufe b.m, and withal to invite the Admiral aihore, and to be a I'ledgc for his fafe Return : The /Vdnural declined going himi'clf, but lent Ibme Gen- tlemen of his Retinue, in Company of the King's Brother, .iiul kept the Viceroy till their Return. They were received alli( re by another Brother of the King's, and fcvcral of the Nobles, and conducted in great State to the Caftle, where there was a Court of at leail One thouliind Perfoa;, the printij«l of which was the Council, to the Number of .Sixty, very grave Ferfons, and Four 'I'urktjh Envoys, in lairlct Robes and Turbaius, who were there to negotiate in Matters ot I ratic between Ctnftanlsnople and Tcrnatt : The King came in, guarded by Twelve l.anccs, a glo- rious Ciinopy, embroidered with Gold, being carried over his Hcail. He hml a loole Robe of Cloth of Gold hung alxiut him, his l^gs b.iic, but Shoes of Cordovan upon Ins Feet ; he had Circlets of Gold wreathed up and down \\\ lus Hair, and a Urge Clutin ut rhc fame Metal about his Neck, aful very fair Jew. U up(Mi IiIh I'lngors, A P.ige fto;)d at the Kit(ht I Uiul lit his Cli.iir ot State, blowing the cool Air uihih hiiii with « Fan Two Foot m Length, and One broad, lUUuiKly rmlnoidrr'd and adorned with Saphircs, lalWned ti. a Stall' I'liixe Foot long, by which the I'agc moved it, I |e kilully received the t.ngliflj (itn- tlcmen, and, having hriir») thrlr Mclliigc, lent one of l.u Council to conduct Iheiit Imi k to their Ships, ik- is a pitent Prince, aiul has Srvrnty KlaiuU under him, belides rtrtuu, whith IS illMI the IxU of nil the Melucc.is. His Religion, and that ol hiiCtmntry, b Mahemtiamfm. They oWerveiiew MtMins, and j'.iiU, as the Followers of Ma- komtl<\u \ in which IrtlU, though they mortify thu Hclh by D.iy, yet ihey p,iii)|M'i' It as much in the Night. i6. Alter this, the Admiral, Imving dilpatchcd all his Affairs hire, wiighed Amlior, and put off Irom Ttrnate, failing to a lirtle lllaiid Smifhwartl of the Ctltbes, where they (bid Iweniy-liM Days, This Idand is extremely woody \ the Trees are ut a large, high Growth, ftrait, and without Boughs rxi'ept at To; , and the Leaves fome- tiiiiig like iHir I'.Hjilijh Hrotin>. I Icrc ihey obferved a Sort ot Ihining Flirs in great Multiiudes, no bigger than the common Hy in /ww/^w.,', which, Ikimming upund down in the Air, heiwecn the \u<-\ ami Hulhes, made tlirm appear as It they wire Uiiniii«, Hire are U.us alfo as Hg as Hens, mvl .» .Sort u| Ltmi Cray-rtfti, whiih dig I loirs in t!ie I'anh like I uiut,, and are lii large, tlut one ot tiirni will pirnlilully dine Four Ferfons. Setting; .Sail tiom hem.'-, they defigncd (.t ||,,ve run for the Moiucas ; lilt, havin,! A ba.l \N ind, and Uihg amongll a I'arccl of Illamis, vMtli muih l)i!lVuUy tlity tecovcral the Mouth of Qlckn wliere. iv mg not able, lor contrary Wmcis, to continue a \N etlein C oiirii', thry altered to the .Southward again > whuh tliey lound very Im/ardous, by reafon of thu Shoals that he thiik among the lllaiuK. This they provctl by a dangeitan, and ntmoll f.it.il Experiment, on 'Jan. 9. i5-;(). when thtv ran upon a Rock, in which they thick tall trom \\\^\\x »i N|^^|^^ t„ Eour in the Afternoon of the next Day. In ihin Dil>rrl«, they lightened their Ship upon the Rocks ot 1 hrve 1 on ot Cloves, Eight Pieces of Orilnance, and tome Priiviliiinii \ ytry quickly alter which, the Wiiul thoppmg atxiut tiom the Starboard to the Lar- boaril ot the .Ship, t|u-y hoillcd Sail k and the happy Gale, at that Moment, iiuircly dili^ngaged them from the Incum- brances ot the Rock, tttrutiry |8. they fell in with the Iruitiul Illand BaraUnt, having, itt the mean time, fuffered nnich by Winds hnU Shuals. I'he People of it are of a comely ProiK)rti(»n in their Ikklici, but ot a far more beau- titul Difpofuion ot Mmd, licing very civil and courteous to Strangers, »nd punctually jult in all their Dealings. The Men cover only thrir I IcmU, and the Fudenda j but the W omen, trom the Waill, down to the Foot : Befidcs which, thiy load their Anns with large heavy Bracelets, tome ot Boiv. aiul uihni of Urals and Horn, weighing, the leaft ot them. Two Ounces apiece \ and of thefe they have on light or len m a time. Linen Cloth is a very good Commodity lim- i I heir People being fond of it, to make Ciirdles and KolU tor their Hcad». The Illand affords Gold, Silver, Coppi r, Sulphur, Nutmeg, Ginger, Long- pepper, Lemons, Cufumlicni, Ctxoas, Frigo, Sago, fs'c. particularly a Sort of ^ruit, in MIgncfs, Form, and Hulk, rclembling a Bayberry, hard, but picafantly tailed, and, when boiled, ii loft, ami of giXHl caly Digeftion j in ihort, (except 'Tern^ut) they met with no Place that yielded greater Plenty ot all Comlorts lor human LJfe, than this illand did, 17. leavinp Bitralm, they failed for Jcrva Major, where they met with A Ctmrtemii and honourable Enter- tainment hk-wi(c ! The Illand is governed by Five Kings, who live in jierfcft giHHi Undrrltanding with each other. I'hey h.ul once Four of their Mai«(lics on Ship-board at a time i and the Company of 'I'wo or Three of them very often. The JfavaHS are a lloui and warlike People, go well arm'd, with Swordu, Targets, and Daggers, aU of . their own Manufacture, which ii very curious, both as to the Falhion and 'i'empcr of the Metal. I'hey we.ir Tiirkijb lurbants on their I lends » the upjxr Part of thc.r Body is naked -, but, from the Wiiill downwards, they have a Pintado ol Silk, tiailing on the Ground, ot that Colour which 10 whVh plfilM them W{\. 'rhry mina.v their Womrn miitr .liter .inotliir K.itc than th>- Mciuu.ms liti i ttr thcic litrrt will iMnlly Kt .jSti4ngiT k-c thrm, wlicnisilu^ lornior arc to fir trom that Ninty, iha' thry will vcrv tivilly ortir a TriVLllcr a Hcillrllow. .Ami, as tlcy .ux dui, civil ami hofpit.iblc to Stratii'/rs lo thry are pkaluit M4I fo(i.il4/- anv.ii^ tlicmUivis v tor. in every Viiia^r.tli. y kiTc a i'ublic Uoulf, wlure tin y will meet, arul briii;; their leveral Shares «>» FrLVifionj, ioinmg all their louvs together in '>n< |»rr;it 1' .»1^ ^^ 'he kerping U]) }?<)«il tel- iowlhip anvMigIt th^' King's .Siihic«-^s. Ilicy have a way rtculur 10 thcmlelvfs o\ Ixjiimn Rice i flu-y put it mto ..n tartheii I'ot. whiih h ot a eonical Kimirc, ojwn at the guatir Imii;, and |>rttoratfit ail nvcr. In the mean tiinr, they provkic aiictlrr large eaithcn Pot tull i>l' Kiilini; Wa- ter, into whtch thiy put thi^ perU rated Veirri, witii the Rice, which f*»cllini;, ana hllma thr H"lcs ol die Put, Ixit A fmall (.^iiantiry ot Water ran cntir. By ihw Kjrt ot lioil- inp, the Hire i.< brought to a very tirm Conlillfncy, aiul, « lath IS eakal mto a li>rt ot Brca.l : ot wtiich, witli BiiitT, Oil, Sugar, aiic Spues, th«y make ftva.il vay piral.int Kirils ol io- fo, not knowing what thty might {>rave, he would Hay no longir. I-iom htm e they iaiio.1 Un the Caix- ot (ioed llcpf, which was tiic tiift l-and they tell in witl al, neither did they ttnich at ar.y othir till tliey t.xmc tu Sierra Uona, upon t!ie Cojft ot Gmnfs. They palled the Cajn- Junt 18. anJ, by the f'leaiureot the Voyage that Way, found in>w much thr PcriDgMffe hail abufuJ the World in thur fallc Rcpr fcntatKWS of tJic Horrors and Dangers ol t. 'July 1 they arrived at Sierra /^wm, where they tour threat Store of Klcpharis, and 1 rets that had (>yi\ers tallt! cJ to them, upMi »hich they livcvl ami multipiied, with winch, aixt with tne Lcmot'i. that gaw ihcrc, tliey were much rr- frdhcd. iS. After Two Davi Stay, which they fptnt in woaiing, watering, and taking in RefreilinKnts, tluy lailed from ihercc. 'fuiy z^. tiicy tound themlclvcs uiKkr the Tropic o\CM(tr, t>cingthcn ^o Leagues (.il' the nearcll Ijiu:. On the 2 2d ot the lame Month, tiiey were in 'lie Heiuht ot the Ciwwnrr ; Inir, bcirg fuihcicntly Itocki . with .U I Ne- f«flaries, they mad? no Stay there, I ut continued tiicir Voyage to I'lymoutb, where tlity arnvai on Monday Si-p- tcmbtr 16. I ;So. but, according to liieir Account, it was Sunday, tlie C'aulc ol whKh dittcrcnt t omputation we luve beibre rxjiiained. In this Circuni-iiavigation ct the Globe he tp<-iit I wt) Yrars, J'en Months, anii a fiw Days. The Rcp< n ot his Kttwrn was very fcxw Ipread through the Kingdom -, ami, as tiiat w.is an Age when Viitue might be iid to Vk in talhion, it m.uli a great Noifc, cljx:cially amojig tuch a. afftclcd to dilhiguith thcmfelvcs either as tlK I'atrons of .Arms, or Arts, all of them ftrivuig to ex- prels their .Senl'c ot hit Worth, by tlic Praifes, and other lellimonies ot Rej^rd, whnh tlicy paid to Captain Drakt : And of the bpigrams, Sonj;s, Poems, and luch-liKC Per fr^manc fo nv.u\\ owing to the want of ( jenius in Poetry, as to the want of a ro;np : nt Skill in other Sci- ences iicrelTiry to enable them to lorm pn)per Dcfcrip nons tor iIk lilurtration ot tlnir Poems ; which tuu made mc often wunde.-, that i"on>c modern Writer lias not cm- dcavoiJtcd to riaj.h t!ic Cluraiftrr ol the t.nglijh liemer, by dit'playing in Vcrfe the labours u' Sir J rami s Drake. 1 1). It w.!4 not, however, real .luuk to expei'l, tlat to boki and brave an .Actum, attended IlmiwiIc by luch vart AppLiufc , Ihould pais altogether unccnfurcd ■, and ihcrelorc wc need t.ot Ix- Idrprditl, th.it there wtte many who rm'ravoured to give a wring Colour to tliii gallant Actjoii. 1 hey gave •lit, that his tUrrounding tlic (jio'jc fervcd only tu amulc 5 7/v V ^' A (i l. S oj book I. coniiU'Mi Minds, and tlial tiie in.iih BiifinH^ oJ liis Voyage was Pliimlcr, ol wliu li, iliey laid, he had aiijuired eno*igh to exempt tho N.ition tiom I'axet Ich .Seven Vran : 1 hat, ,i« then was no War pnnlaimed .luaintl Sp^iiii, it *ai « daii- giriKii riling to own luch an Ailventurer, Tmkc tlve Pub- lic might come li> pay ileai for the Pn/x» hr hatl taken : rhat our Merthaiiis liad great Pileils hi Spam, aiitl thcie- lore Reatim to doubt, that a I bmile might be taken lu ici.i« o«irMenl».inis(fO kind of Reading may appear , and slut whoever perulci tlus Work, may be latisHed wc do not barely tranfcnbe the Writings of Autliun;, wlio have gone bciont us in this Way, Lut ate luclincd to add our P.ndcavowri, to tender ihefe Rc- latiuni k m. chap. T. J» F R A N C I S D R A K p.. 2r Utioni nM mily more fntcruining, ln« of prrnrcr I'fe. In ihc Hrll i'liic it is worthy ot Krmark, that otir Ilcru W4.1 lo fortunair, as tully to ittchirvc wlut ntlirra only at- irniptrd lu prrtorm. I he great (iliimhui, wltu lirll |>i)tnc«l out ilic Way tu others, lival not to hcrome an l'.xanipl( himfrlf. 1 hi" tain«)i« FtrMnuiid MitgtHan went lanhcr in il(«l, but had the Mislortune to (k I'natihcd away by a tuldrn Death, in the midll of his Difcovcrics, and of hit 1 lujKi. But Draki happily acconiplilhcd what he bravely lUtt mpted, ao'l gave hi» Country tin- 1 lonni.r <.f pro.iucing the lirll Comnuiulrr who failed rouiul thi Glulic. Wc mult nut conceive, tiut tins 1 lorour is a iiure i inpty Sound, liiving only to gratify the Vanity ot our N.ition •, tor it i^, on ihi toiitrary, a very IoIkI Kcnclit, as will appear, it wc cnnrulcr, that a Krputution ot this Ibrt la i >t very gnat ConltquriuT to a tra.ling Nation. To Ik' (onvinccd of this, we need only look into the KLhratal ColleLtion t)l \ oyag( s tor ijie I'lUblilhmciit ot the Enft India Com pany in Hvtlaitd; wluic, Ij caking of Oliver ynn Noon's Circuni-navigation, it is laid, that though the I'rolits of his \'oya(<<' wen- linall, yet the Company were ixtrcnuly will laiisiicd with the F.vent, bciaule the Dulih could row tKiatt, that a Sul jcct of thiirs lad liil'd round the World, ai wrllas/>.i*i:anil (^ndijh. It is, indeed, much tor the- Kepiitation of Sir J rmuis Drake, that, ivui at Ins liill letting (ji.t, he licms to luvc lud (he Honour of his Country as much at 1 Irart, as his own lame or Fortune, ly providng tvciy tliinj; in his Sl.ip whih niiglit llnkc the I'.ycs ot l-oreigiurs, ami I II tlu in w:tli Admiration of I. It: Cijumry trom whence h- tame. '1 he lame Spirit led him to proaed tarti.er Nonii m Jmtruj, tlun the Spa- ttiarJs tlu-mlclvis had done -, tliat i., to thi' 1 Mght of jS'' oi North l^autude, beyond whiih wc know iioiLing with V. ertainty even at this Day The Dilcni'ion he l.as given us ot the Country and i'eiiplr is \ cry exact . and his taking J'otlclfion or It, and iK'lloAiiig on it tin- Name ot Nova Mtcn, was very prudent, ami may lome time or other turn tniifh tn our Account \ finre, it ever a I'ail'ag;: fliould be difiovered by the Nnrth-wclt, the Spaniardj can never liilputr with us the PolTeHion of this Country, which ii fiobably the nearel> to that I'alljge, even upon tlitir own 'nnciples ; fincc they mutl allow us to li.ivc btc the lirll Dilcovcrers, and iirif I'otl'eirors •, which gives us altogether as good a Uij^ht to tlut, as they have to any Part ot their India. The tame (uiKrolity, and public Spirit, ilifplayed itldt in his Behavuair to tlulc i'eople, and t" all tiic other Nations with whom he tonverfed •, (jf which we have au- ihciitu iclbinonies in the Letters lent by l>idijn Pruues lon{5 attrr his Ucccalc, I'ptakiiig liiglily in liie Fiaile ot Captain Drake, and acknowl-.-dgi'ig, that t!i'y had con- ceived very retjK-ctlul Sentmienis ol the Inglijh Nation, l:oni the rii!;e they had m^t with from him. I mull conltfi, I have always kxtked ui>on it as a great Mislortune, i:,at he dul not himleit leave us an Account ot his \'oyagcs jiul Pifcovrriesi Ivcaulc, from the Letters of his which are tlill prefervrd, it apjiears, that he w.,, much more ca- pable ot rcc<;rdins; lii>own Kxploits, than any of thofc who lave rmploytd the ir Pens on that Subject: Wc ftiould then h.ivc known, upon what Grounds he cxpefted to have louiid a PalTagr I at k by the North i for, that he really did l(K;k for fuch a I'afl'agc, is certain i anil the only Realon why he (juuttd cht Coall ot California to tail to the South- calt, was, tlut he lound the Weather grew extremely coltl i and thought, ihireJore, tlut, in tlic Circumllancts he was at that Time, it would Ix: imprudent to purfuc that Dif- on thi '-oall tor many Keafom •, but, iimloubtedly, i^ ought to have- been lur Hulinels to have purlued the Hints givvii us by i^ir tram is Drake, and to luve fatistled ouiielves, whtther their was, or was not, fuch a PalTageas he cxptdrd to meet with. In his Courle from California to the hadronei, he inotie no Dilcoveries -, unit Is wc ac- count it a Difiovery, that he met with no Iflands in thoK Seas : But that he made his PalFagc in Sixty-eight Days, N V M B. .;. (hews liim to have been a very able Navigator, wliiilialfo ap|icats trom many other Incidents in thw long Voy if^e, which, however, he pcrlornvd in much Ihorter time f. an the Sfamardi who fiulrti with Magellan j lor, wli , .w they were Sixteen Months in their Palfage tioni iiridoretn Smite, he ariivid at Plymouth, from the f'amcllland in the Eaft Indies, in 1 n Months. On the Whole, ilmelorr, wc may truly affirm, that this Voyage round the World, by Sir trancis Drake, was, in all its Circumftancts, per- tectly well conduled \ and that as he made the btll Lite <le, and lodged him in his own Cabin, fending the red of his Comi any to Plymouth. Drake's Soldiers were wi 11 le- compenlid with the i'lunderof his Ship, wherein he found 55,000 Ducats in (iolil, which they joyfully Ihared amongll them. He did, befidcs this, many great Things in that memorable Battle, and particuLuly ditlinguillit:d hinilelf by advifing the Ule of Fire-lhips, though I dare not lay, as lome have done, that he invented th-iii upon this Occalion. The next Year he was Admiral of a great Fleet tint to Portugal, in order to rellore Don /Intonio to his Kingdom 1 but this was a ronjumfl Expdition ; and, it ftems, even Sir Erancis Drake had not Fortune enough lor himfelf, and a General, fo that it endeil but indifferently : Howevt r, the Spaniards received great Damage, the Com- llimenr t an Invalion was returned, and it was put intirely out of tiieir Power to make, as they boailcd they would, another Attf 111] t of that Nature: In the Whole', there- tore. Sir Erantis Drake Ijxjiled no lets than Three Spani/b Inv.ilions. In 151^5. he ventured on another conjmid Ex- |Kilition to the If^'eji Indies, in which he performed great Things ; but, aiming at llill greater, and not meeting with his ufual Sucieli;, the Thoughts of \l biokc his Heart in the Harlxjur ot Porto Bella, Jamary 28. 1595. where liis Body, in a Ixradcn Coffin, was committed to the Sea, un- iltr a general Difcharge ot all the Cannon trom the Fleet. fi i li i V til his Pfrfon, he w«( Nit low of .Staturr, »« citrrmcly wrll nuile, hi* Complexion »rr(h anH "ir, Un Vyr^ larg'* ami lively, hii Hilr of a li|?lif Hrown.anJ hiiCiiuntfn.iiKe C'pcn •ni clifartul : llr wj< lutiirally cKKjiirnt, fjrjiffding ^racifully what he conrrhrnl rlcwly j viry knowing, noc only in ht^ own l'rt>fc(Tion, btit m all the Sw'rn« m rxhtinn to it k r> that hr was able to ilifcharge fvny (Wvc in a Ship, fvcn that of a Surpion v jiift to hii ()wiiri«, kind 10 hn Seamen, kyral to his Sorrrngfl, and rrmirkalily merrifljl to his Fnrniir,. Mi^ many plonnui l'.x|ili>iti jiirtity Wis I'itlc to ewrnfirf Fame, whirli, whrn we rr- rnenuxr that he died at Fifty five, will i-onvituc ii\ flut he (hrwcd fhr utmoft Anioiir in the I'urfuit ot dlory 11 The Fame of this Voy.igr, the Wraith hroimht Home by Sir I-Vancit Droit, and the Ho|>en <>» rivallmg him in Cmlit .mil in Wcaltit, mfj iral Numben ol young IVople, of all Ranks and Conditions, with a IVfinr ol trying their F'iftunes at Sea, in fw h manner a» their AIm- litin would permit. Men of Families and Iftates httetl out Vrlfcls at their own Fjtpence, and hlKd ih'm with their own I>pcnv'cnts i others, in a lower Situation of Life, choleto hazard their Pcrftms, as httic Ortitirs, on Ixurl fiich Ships as rhrte, or in feme of th- (^urn's M n of War i and to ftuh a Height at Uft this Spint grew, that hontll Jcbn Stcuif, whole Induihy wm never furpaired, ar'd wholi: Integrity was never ealletl in queftion, tells us, tf hi*; >>wn Knowledge, that, towartl the latter Fnd of the Reip,!-. of tjv^icen tlixtibtsh, there wnc many I jds, frotii Eighteen Yean old to Twenty, raixible of taking the Charge of any Ship, and navigating her to mort Ports in Eur ON, or the Udic The Spaniard: were fo alarmal, not only by the fourage and Conduct «)f Sir hanni Droit, 'M in Aiimiral or Commander in chief, but by his Skill alfii i" a Seaman, that they ordered no Draughts to I*- ma^le, .T<:i nilouH s t.i be written, of their Ihlloverics in Jtntnca, for fear of their falling into his Hands. But what molt f iqirifv-d them, was hin finding and pairing, with fo irnich Viife, t!ie Streights o\ MartlUn, which hitheni had been out of tl..ir Power -, and tncrrlore they immediately rcfolved !o fend and difcovcr that Strcight [X'rledfy, by Ships from Peru. One Pedro Sarmitnto, who wa» looked upon as the very teft Seaman in the Spam/b Service, was fer.t for this Purj-ofe from Lima -, and adually paft from tlu South into th.- North Sea*, and thence to yptuu, where he informed thr King, that it was very polFiblr to plant a Colony ill thofe Parts, and to fortify the Streights in fuch a manner, as lo prevent ary other Nati'» Men on lioanl, tmtler thfl Conimand ol /)#« Piett tltrit di Voldrz \ and aintiintid Ptirt Sormieme, witn 5(10 Veterans, to Ictile in the Streights. Thia Fleet waa extrrrtiely unfoftunatr ^ and ic wai luiwren Two and Three Vrari, iielofe Sarmieit0,wUh his People, arrives! id thofc Stmght^, ami on the Nonli Side near the F.iitraiue, Iniilt a I own and Fort, called Ntmkrtii Jtjhi, where l»e Idt 1 -^o Men \ Kit hit great Set- tlement was Fifteen I ,e.»gues farther in the IjtitiKieof 5 j* I S' ill the narroweft l'.irt of the Strcight^ i anti this he called Ctvdod dtl Key li/ipf*. It wai a regular Square, well forti- (ieil \»ith I'our (Irong HaftK>n«, prtijierly fiirnilhol with Ar- tillii7 , and, in all refjx-^N, one ot the btion of thofe Strcight 1, and of King Pliilip'j City. 8. Tie DiflnSI of Arunco, very neb in Hold, but lujer conquered hy tve Spanurdi. y. They Live a brisk Dijputt with the Spaniard , t:t the Bay of Ci^jititcro. 10. Arrrval at Morro Moreno, and Entertainment hi the Indiani. 11. Take fevrral rich Frizes on the Coa/i, and facit the Toun of Paita. I j. '/Icy land on the IJland of Puno j Ht- Jeription of it, and its luhabitanti ; the Knglilh /'/wWer ,t. ij. Tley fecure an excellent Pilot, ie/jogivti them Jirfl Not tee #/ rtv Acapiiico Ship. 14.. Upon tin thes continue cruijingto tbt Northward, if. Arrive on the Coafl of California. 16. Dijco-eer, Jight, and take the St. Anne, bound from Manila to Acapulco. I^p tUicntfid. 2 f . Departure from thence, andfaje ^brival in Enijlaiul. 16. His Reception on bit Return, 4 f,,,J Chap. I. J/r T H o M A s Cavendish. ••• M ami Lftlrr t» Lcr ill\n(<\on. ty. Okl'trvatiom upon bit t'eyage. 18. O/litr Cirtum/ljncft of bit Lift, anJthf Oi-Cii/ion / Ht unJfrtaking a Secontl y$vag^. 19. A comil'f Account oj lljtil i'niagti i-'it unfir- tuHali" jitKmft at ti • MagcIUiiic Utreigbtt, and Dtatb thrcvfl'Gne/. I T w«t the cM^^Mt Policy of the Reign of <^trtn EJiid^il; tu ntcouragr, m mui h m |x)(1°iblr, the Klamr ot ^Mn- Spirit in the Bwlutiu ol rrivitc Mrn, by Ihcwina, u()un ui OrcAAona, ihc Kit-ateil Kraili- ncli tu honour ullihofc who (IkI .emtrkabic Service to ttieir Coiiniry, ihougl* (hcwaivrry (iwnng of tnv luch Mwki ol her rarour upon other Ckcuioni. By tiui wife Con- duct, and hy hrr Irrqiiriit IJifrourli^ in I'ul>iK, on the Cilory rrfuliinK Imm an *thvt lute, Ihc excited many c>i thr yuung Nubduy, and drntitmen ol caly Forlunci, to luuarvl thoir PM'loni and I'Jtite* for the public S{ ttui J-.fffx, vSir KubarJ (Jrttniillt, Sir iVaUtr KaUigb, Sir Humphry Cilitrt, Sir Reifrt DuJlrt, and many other i'rrfons of like Knnk, cmployeil great Sumint MoiK-y, aiul ixpofcd their I'erlbnttu the grcati-ll Ihngeri, in equip{)ing Squadrons againll the SpuMuirds, making Diriovcnt-bin diliant I'aruot the World, planting CoIoniCT, and fuchlike I'ndcrtakjngs, wiiich weir tiie (dory of timle 1 imes an.1 tl*c Wonder ol ours, Aniongll thele, no Man diftinguilhcd himliLH more, than the Gentle- man ol whom we are now to Ijx-ak ^, whether we confider till' I'jcpeiicc he wa^ at, the Uiiliailtics he went tiuough, or the Sucirls o( hit L'jcpbiu, all ol whiLh were due to that (jrcatnrlt ol Mind, and ardent Ihirll of Kepuution, which taugiit him tu drfpifi; Danger, and to embrace l-a- tigirs, at an Age, when otltrr Men arc not only tund ul i'leatures, but think too, that the Seafun ol their Lives u a luriicient Lxcufe tor tlie Luxury in whit h they live. a. Tbtmas Caiuii/b, ui inmlty, or 7'rtmity, in the County ot HuffcH, L'.liquue, was a Gentleman of an ho- iiuuratiie iraroily, anil inrgc Lllatc, which, lying in the Neighbourhood ot Ipfwtch, a I'iiicc then of very great '1 loile, gave him an early Inclination to the Sea i which, as liKjn a* Ik arrived at Age, he gratiiicd, by converting Fart ut his fluids into Monry, and equipping a Hout Bark, lalleil the iygtr, ol the Burden of 1 io Ions, in which lie airoinpaiwed Sir Richard Greettviile, in Jiu Voyage to ttrgiiuM in isH^. in *hich he wci\t tlirough many Dangers and Diflkukxs, without any Profit t Inir, at lall, rctuniai lidc to Falmouth, on the Cth of O^dtr in the liinie Year \ whicii, however, did not ililiouiagr him trum underlaying ilill greater and mure iiu/ardous Lxpe- diiiuns : fur, iiaving ta this Voyage fei n a great I'art of liic Sj>>int//} ff'eji Indiei, and cunvcrled with lome wiio liail loikd with Sir iroMCis Droit through the South Seas, and round by tJie Eafi Imiia, he began to be vt ry deliruus of iindeitaking a bkc \ oyoge, as well fur repairing the Luis he iiad luliained by this locpciiition, •» to rn\ulate iliat great and ioriunatc (jrtvter, who was by this Timr railed to the higlieit I lonours ot iiis I'roleflion. As lixMi, tiicreforc, as he returned home, he applieil himlcif to the I'repara- tions expedient lor the accompiilliing his Delign ; and cither lokl or mortg-iged his hllatc, to make up the Sum necei- firy for building and equipping 1 wo fuch Ships as were requilite fur the Voyage ( and, though fuch kind of Mat- ters uliully t.iki up a (!;cHKi deal ot I'ime, yc t fo eager, and Io impaueiu, wosMi. (JinJifi, that, in the Space of aMonth, his Carpenters werem work upon the largclf Ship, and, in Six Months more, his liitlc Sciuaiiron was intircly tinilhed, and completely furnilhed witli all i'hini^s ncccirary ', ?. The largrft Ship wa« calleil the D^rf, of th« Runlenuf 140 loiu \ the ki er was named the Cemtnt, of about 6u Tuni v to tlule he added a Bark of .ibuut ^o Tom, called the //<» A (Jtliaui, all fupplied nt his owtt Lxpencc, with I'wf) Year* Frovilion, and manned with an llundreil ami Twenty-fix Olfners and Sailors i fome of which luul feivnl under &\i Fftmdi Draki; but molf of thcin Men of Lx|)erlence \ anti with wlunn, for their Ixrttcr Lncouragement, he entered into a fair AgicrinenC with rclpt^t to the I'roiMirtion in which all I'rircs Ihuuld be divided amongil tlwm. lie was likcwifo very canful in providing Sea Charts, Draughts, Maps, and luch Accounts as could tie obtained of Voyaged already nuile into tliofe Parts whiih he intended to vilil. He ljk( wile procured, by the Favour ot his Patron tlie Lord llutifdoH, then Lord Chamberlain, a Commilfion from Queen Llizabttb : AirI thus, completely Mailer of all that he wanted, he let out from LottJofi, "July lo. 15S6. for llarviub, wlierc he em- barked on boaril the D^ire, and faileii for Pl^meiab, where he arrived tlie Liglith of "July, and continued there waitina for fome of hisComoany till tlic a ill, when lie hoilUJ Sail lor his intended Voyage. On the ii^th of tlic fame Month ilicd one Mr. Ilopt, of a Wound he received in 4 Duel he fought iluring their Stay at Plymulb. The next Day they frll in with Right Ships from Bifiay, well nunn'el, one of wliieh attaeked trie Adniiial \ but Mr. Camlijb g.ive her fo warm a Reception, that (Ik- was glad to Ihccr off \ and the rell, deterred by her F.xample, continued their Courle, and gave him no Dillutbance ( ami the Admiral did not continue die Clucc, liecaufc it grew ilark, and he was afraiil to loie his Confurts, On ttuguft 5. they fell in with the Ifiand of I'orlntnlura, where tiny met with no- tliing renurkable, failing thence tu Cape l^lanco, and fo to the Coall ui Ciuiney, with which Navigation Mr. //rc^ttrr, who was on board the Admiral, was very wdl acquiuntud. i lerc the Men began 10 complain much of the Scurvy, and tlurclore the OlRccrs rel'olvcil to put fomc of thcnt on Shore for tlicir Recovery, as foon as an Opportunity oft'crcd with Safety, ^iuguji 2 j. they mai.lc Sierra Leona % and, the 25th, fell in with the South Side of it, where they h.iil Five Fathom Water at the lowefl •, anil, for about Fourteen Leagues at the South well, all the Way running into the I larbuur, they had from F ight to Sixteen Fathom. Here they fpoiled a Town of the Negroes, \sIio killed one of their Men with a poifoned Arrow. Sij-lember ^. fume of tiwin went up with the Boat F'uur Miles within the Harbour, where they caught plenty of Filli, and, going on Shore, they got fume ix-mons, feeing Ibme Buffaloes too as they were returning. The 6th, they went cut of the Harbour of Sierra Leomi, and ftaid one Tide, Three Leagues fron» the I'oint of the Harbour's Mouth, the 1 idf there lUiwing at South-weft. 4. The Sev( luli they departed from one of the Ifles of Cape / ad, which is Yen l.eagucs from the Point of Sierra Ijonj ; ai. J the fame Day they anchored Two Miles off the Illand, and, landing, found only Plantones upon it. The I'.ighth, one of the Boats went out, and foundeil. At the l-.alt Lnd was a Town, to which the Negrixs rcfort foine- tiuies, as by their Provifions lift there appeared. There is lu) trelli Water on all the South Side, at kail that they could fmd ; but, on the North, there is in Three or Four Plates, The whole llbnd is a perfedl Wcod, except a lew fmall Spots, wk-rc Ibme Ffoufes Hand -, and diefc are ciicompaircd round with I'lantane-trees, the Fruit of wh.ch is excellent Food. The Place is fubjcifl to Storms of Rain and Thunder in this Month of September. They left this Illand on die loth \ and, on the laft of OMer, failing Well South-well, about Twenty-four Leagues from Cape Frio in Bra/il, they fell in with a great Mountain, which had a high round Top, Handing aloft like a little 'I'own. Novembtr i. they went in between the Ifiand 6';, s UtciUit, Purrlra/i, Mm/tn, CtmJtM, Sivwt, ipi- — >' bclongiii)^ lu Mr. 1 1 Stvt, —— I Sec '^tmf.Shn/m, aeJ Ik* Hti-*fi rf 4h Rti^n »f £lia^bcth, a US. formerly Stiajiian fire ^'ihjlian .m! t!ie main linJ, where, carrying their Things on Shore, and ercrting a Forgr, they built a Pinnace, ami repaired whatfocver was out of Order •, which VVork de- tained them till (he 23d. Upon the 26th, they fell m upon thcCoart of AmrUuM^f 10' North Latitude, from which riace ihey ran along the Shore, till they came into 4S', finding it a very ftccii Beach all along. 5. Nrccmhtr 27. they came to an Harbour, into which the Admiral tirft entered, calling it, on tliat Account (trom the Name of his Ship) Port Dffirt. Near this Harlwur there arc an Ifland or Two, very tiill of Seals, and anotiicr as well llockM with grey Gulls. The Harlwir itlelt is very co.ivcnient fortrimmirtg .ind graving of vShips, Ixcauie ol the conlicicrablc Ebbing aiul Flowing of the Water there. Here the Savaties woundeti Two ov their Company with thnr Arrows which are made of Canes headed with Flints. A wild and rude fort of Creatures they wen- 1 and, as it fecmed, of a gigantic Race, the Meafure of one ot their Feet Ix'ing Eighteen Inches in Length: When any ( t ihein die?, he is buiied in a Grave of Stone upon theClills by the Sea .^idc, all l\is Darts being fattened aliout Ins Tomb, and his Trealures of Shells laid under his Head. This DcJcriptior agrees very well wit!) that oi Ma^c!!.in\\ though fiime Pains has been taken to reprcfent that as f,ibulous \ jVrhaps, for want of uiid-rllanJing it. I le Idt this Countr)' the Name of Patagonia, and gave the Ir.Iub:tants tiut of Patagons \ by which he meant to fig- nify, that thty were Five CuHts, or Seven Feet and an half higti i w!i;ch, if wc ronfidtr, that the Porlugacfe are not commoniy very tail themlllvrs, we need not wonder that they ftikd them Giants. As to ihisCircumftanrc of the Fwtftep, if we take the tirj.il Proportions of human KoLlics, in which th; Foot is b;twccn a Fifth and Sixth of the wi-.olc Body, then the Account given us here by Mr. Ca'jcn.i:H}, a^^recs very exactly With that oi Mage.'Ian •, and, as will be llicwn hereafter, is not falfificd by any of our fubfcqutnt Travellers '. 6. Ltimbtr i9,. they left Port Dffirt^ and anchored near an Idind Thrtr 1 .e.igries to the Southwanl, and kept along the Co.ift South-well and by South. The ^oth they came to a Rock, mucii like the F.ddy-ftone at Plymouth) lying about Five Leagues from the Land, and in 48'' -^q' South Latitude i and, founding, they had Eight Fathom rocky Ciround within a Mile of it. I'liey kept on coafting South South-weft, and found great Store of Seals all along the Coaft. Jar.uary 2 . th -y fell in w ith a great white Ca^* in A:-, and hotl Seven Fathom \V.itf'r within a League of the Shore. The ^id, they fell in with another great Caf>e in f2^ 43', from which Cape there runs a long Beach, about a league to the Southward, and reaches to thcDjK-ning cf the ,Wji^:'/.'ji.'t Streight : Under thu Cajx? they an- chored, and lott their Anchor in a very great Storm, which raged violently for Three Days togctiicr. 7. "fam.'.r\ (>. they put into the Streights, which they found in feme Place, Five or ''ix Leagues wide, and in other Places confidcrably mor« narrow. The 7th, between the Mouth (,>f the .Stieights and the narrowclt Part of it, rhcy t'X)k A Spaniard, who was left there with Twenty three of the lame Nation i and thefc were ail remaining of F our hundred, Icit Three Ye.irsbet>j,T inthefeStrcights. The f.-.mc Day they palled the n^urowcil Part ot thole Strcights, where thtSfaniardi iFewcd them the'Hull ot a fmull fiirk, luppofed to be one letr by Sir Prancis DraJte. 1 he Moiith f.f the Strcights is in 52° So'ith L.ititudc, and 'tis from rhtnce to the narroweft Pafs l-nurteen Leagues, and the Courfc is Wrfl by North ; i\Ui trom this narrowrft Pais to Poiguin IJland li iti l-cagucs, and the Courl'e is Well .S(,ufh-welt, and a li.tle to the Suuthwarii. Here in P(n- f^uin IJland tliey anchored the Sth Day, and killed ami (alted great Store of Pfnguiin. Janu,iry 9. they left ttiis llland, and liiik-d Soutli Suutli well Cn da.i del Rey Fflrppt, or King Philip''! City, huilt by the ^pattard' ■ If hatl l-our i-urti, foi BaAiuns rarhery and each Fort had one call Piece in it, ula(h Were all buried, and the Carnages left llaiuiing in their I'laccs : They dug for thele Pieies, and recovered them nil. Thji- City ha/.l I'cveral Churches in ir, and teemed to U- very well contrived, rlj.'Miilly as to its Situation, which was in the moft happy Place in all the Strcights, for ■ Nfr CavfniiiA wii i Niui, inhabited by a flrong, well made, but a very brutifh tort of Savages, who, it was taid, had eat up many a .Spaniard, and wouk! tali! have nuiic a Meal ujx)n Knglijb Melh too, but that they faileil of bunging them into their 1 r..p: Flic Admiral, hnduig the Plot they had laid to betray him, nude hii Men talute llicm with their Harquebullcs, which \.\'A Lxciution \x\x>n le-voral r So, leaving that River, they failed to St. 'Jaom's Chanel, which was a Leagues oti". From this CiUiicl they failed W^eflward alxiut s, or 4 J < agues, to a Cap w.-.ich lies 0:1 the North of it -, from which Cajx-, to tiie Mouth of the Strcights, the Courfe runs North-well, aiid Noith-wetl by WefV \ and the Di- (iance iromthente. to the Futrantc into the South Sea, is alKjut j4 Leagues-, to that tlic l-engthof the whole Strcights IS 90 Ixragues, ' 1 IS tartlwroblcrvable, tJutthc F.ntrance ot the Streight.'. into the .South Sea is in near the tame l.atuude with the Paflage out of the North .Sea into the Strcights, which is 52" 40' South Latitude \ and here be- twetn the fore-mentioned Calx; and ! e Mouth of the Strcights, they were torcetl to he in i larcour till lebr. 23. the kealon of wlm h Continemeiit was, the ftormy Winds, an i excellivc Rains that jKnirctl down with lixrh Fury from the Mountains, thst they were brought into extreme I )an- gei thereby, lth Sides the Shore, at every Mile or Two .Miks Dillance, tolerably convenient, at leall fbrfiT^all Ships. 8. FebruAry 24. they entered the -South Sea, obferving on the South Side of the JMitr.mtc a very high Cajie, with h. low I'luiit adioining to it •, and on the North Fowr or Fivi lilamls, lying Six I .t agues off the Main, with much broken and tunk Ciiound aliout them. Ma'-ch 1 . ihey ha 1 a gr< at Storm at Nif,ht, m whith tiny lull the CoMii>any ot the wa> tlieitfoic mbie accunlc itwi: iiiclt \'uy>|«-Hiiteri art. Hugh Galla Leagues frc Four Days, and beaten really every made a Shi I of her Cres came in bet (he met the Jiad, during the Ide of J (ovnc of th( the Indians 1 with their B Diftri^l of y and confeqiK had been di' pofe, the In themfelves, than they) c and theic dei ardi, gaved to give the c chor, and r where they I llland itfclf 1 Hogs, Hem tiiat live hert tliat ihey dar themt'elves. Dilciples, yc C lu-iliians. Venty or Eip Welcomcel b) tlirin to a Pii ardi \ round nilhed with ^ any in Eugla. Stores with fi fides, good S fith ami Mai] vited the fw ment ; and 1 Clearly, tliat 1 (as they hithc very tree witj lelhiigthem, jlranco, they but the Admi tion, it l>cing profccutcd m \oyagc. <). rhe 18 UxM a[\ tiut Tltc lyth, tin and iincluned • the 1 5th in the Morning, fhc came in between the lllc Saint Mary and the Main, where (he met the Admiral and the CnttiU, whkh Two Ships iiad, during tiic Storm, fecured thmilri ""i Two Days at the Ifle of Afutha, in 38" South l^t' "c. iv; this Place Ibme of the Comiwny, well armed. ■•' nt ;," jre, where the Iiuliaiu mrt them, and gave them ■ warm Hcccption widi their Bows and Arrows. Thell- /*u.„ -. were of the Didri^l of /fraticfy which, being a Country rich as Gold, and confcqucntly very tempting to the avaritious SpoHtardi, had been divers times invaded by them, bat to no Fur- pofe, the Inhabitanu having always fo briskly defended themfclvcs, diat their Enemies (thougit better proviiied dtan they) could never boaft ot being their Conquerors \ and thcfe licfperutc Men, millaking the EftHfi* f""" Spani- ardi, gave them that EntcrtaiimK-nt wiiich they always ufed to give the other. Alter the Skirmilh they weighed An- chor, and ran under the Wdl Side of St. Mary Ifland, where they had good Riding in Six Fathom Water. I'hc Illand itfclf hcs in 37" 30 South Latitude, aixi abounds in Hugs, Hens, and divers forts of Fruits : The lndi«ns tiiat live here are in fuch abfolute .Slavery to the Spaniards, cliat they dare not fo nuich as kill a luwl or a Swine for ihemfelves. And though the Spaniards have maiic ihem Dikiples, yet they ufe tltcni more like Dogs, than Men or Clu-ilti.iiis. The lOtli, the Ailmiral went alhore -vith Se- venty or tighty Men well .inncd -, diey were met and wclcomcil by I'wo Jniiam of tjiiality, who condutled ilirin 10 a I'iacc, where was a ChajK'l built by the Spani- ards ; ruuiul about wlucii were icvcral Storehoulcs, iur- nilhtd witli gn Trade >nite.J?f «?^y Money, 1 50 ot them U ,ng niture, of this , , "born, but, having married a SfMi/b Woman, and bemg rcfolved tobc of his Wife's Rehgion, he marie te ftibie<^» follow his Fxample. He had a fumjxuous and well con- trived PJare near the Sea-fide, with curious Gardens ad- joining to it, and fair Profpefts, both to the Water, and up into the Country. He kept all the Miam of the Ifland "in continual Drudgery, their Work beinc to make Cables, Inch riinry nf which arc uiadc by thofe labouring Miiin<, t'l.it the South Sea b moftly fumilhed fmm hrnce. Tht- marc! is neai- as big as the 1/U of IVrght, and has a great Share of the BlelTmgs of Nature j for, though n dt)cs not yield Mines of Oold and Silver, yet it affonis thofc ' hings that are far more neccffary for human Lif:-: There is excel- lent ralliirc land here, and Varirt>- of ufefu! Animals to lie niaintaimd by it, as HorlV s. Oxen, Sheep, Goat<, that are virv tame, and yield abundance of Milk, kfuiis very good I owl, Pigeons, Turkeys, and Duck«. ul .1 large Sl/.e. The Cj/?f« had Orchards that yieKI nicU Son<; <.f nftfil J'niits, as Oranges, Lemons, Figs I'uingraiiatc, Pom pion.s Melons, Cucumbers Radilhes, t<. witli divcr- Sorts of odoriferous Plants, as Kelt mary, Thyme, b'r one of them fct round with Trees that l>ear the Hombaii:. •Cotton, the To( s of which grow full of Pods, out ol wim h the Cotton itfclfnfes. In the Cotton lies a Sen', ol' ilvj 'Bignefs of a Pea, and in every Pod thi-rc art; Stveii or tight of thele Seed«, which, if the Cotton be nt-t ga- thered when 'tis npe, take root, and prtKlu-e a new Plant. May 29. the Admiral went to a little lllind •clofc by /'««<», into whch the Cafique lia-.l conveyeil all the valuable Furniture ot his Palate, and otiicr Muvi-ahics, recelTary both foi- Houf<- and Ship. Thef. Storrs being all difcovcred, t.'icy took or plunder'd what they thought tit out of thfm, .and conveyed it into their Shi['S. They burnt the Church alfo, which ftooil hard t>y the (afifit'% Palace, and bro.igl-.t away the Five Bells that were in it. "Jwit 2. 100 ypnnuirdi alTaulrrd them, killing and taking Pri'.oners Twelve ot the Engl-.fh, and lofing Forryiix o< tljrir own, in that Fmounfrr. The fame Dav, going all. on: again, with %vcnty Mt, they met with a Pany u< too SpiiniiirJ), aimed with Mufkef., and jfo Itdtam, with Bi)ws anii .Arrows •, and, h.iving mtircly ptit them to Flight, they nadi H.av(xk of rhtir Fields .ind Orchanis ;ind burnt I-tnir great Sliijw ujwn theStcxk", .1' alfo the Town iifJt. which they kit a mere Ib.ij-- ne .\U(hatl ^ntcius, a Projiitfal, an ', Native of Marjciif!, a very fkilfiil Cfsarter in tl "-oitth .Seas, whom the Ai'miral t, ok for hii i'l.'ct 1 am' ne them fnr hill Hint of the grejt Ship .inn,-: Mana, v i^n ih(7 took alirrwards coming fioj,: thi- Pbi.ippii-: lllands ; thiy took, all the Men, tiie Sails, •theRojit-,, cfr. cut of this iiiip of S\tmtU3'i, anel then fet her on Fire. The n th they took a Batk that was going tu -^;ive the Alarin a!! alcng the Cr ill vf the Arrival of the J.ngltp>y but all tlv Men were f one out of her. The j6th ti'iey came to .in Anchor in die Kiver Qpaltia , and the lame Nigiif, with Thi.iy .Men 1:1 the Pinnace, rowetl tu Jgatit'ic, 1 wo Leagues from the Rivtr •, and in 1 r° 40' North latitude, they made a Defcent umn thmi, ami Uiint Ixjth the 'I own aiidCullom-lioulir, which was a large aiul fair Building. Here were laid up 600 Bags ol .Anile, (lor the Dying of Clotb^ and ^(jo of Cacaos, every Bag ' II had hern niorc ailr;faiblr to hare ttnued ibrie Tropic «tll. the South Sr..' • Tbit ti, i»un nude lotg CbutvUlc. flcirtbti'i uil ."Muciiiv. in Value equal to a Rial of PUte ' 14. The 2 8th, they fet Sail from (If (i/«/4, the vSea running fo high there, that they couM not fill Water ; and reacheil jigatukt the ftme Night, The next Day the Admiral went afhore, with Tniity Men, marching Two Miles into the Woodi, where they took a MtjUzt belonging to the Cuftom-houfe of that Town, and a confidrrable Parrel of Sniffs with him, and carried both the Matter and the Goods away to their Shipa. yfugi^ 14. the Admiral and Thirty Men went in the Pinnace to tlie Havcn Piiertt tie NaiiviJsJ, whkh lies ig' Notth IjfitiKle, where Sanduj hail informed them wouki be a Prize } but, Ixfore tliey came thither, (he was gone Twelve L^gues farther to Klh for Pearls. However, here they took a Muhiio, th* was fent to give Notice of the Engiifl} all along the Coalt of NuevaGMUifiA, together with all his letters; and burnt the Town, and Two Ships of 200 Ton that were then buiklmg there, ami fo returned to their Shifts. Tlic itth, they came into the Bay of Si. Itg$, where they watered at a gooil River, that yulded them great Store of I'llh, and fome ^^lannty of Pearls: This Bay is in 10° 18' North I jtittKle. Sepitmhtr 2. they kft St. /agt, and the jer, and then taied for Cape .57. iM^ar, whiili IS on the Wert Side of the Pont ot Gik/oniit, with wluch they fell in on the i4ih of the lanje Moi.tJi, oblcrv- 1 htfc winion .VU ol Cruelly hirt been ihe Ruin of »!! our K.peiliiioni ,n!9 ll » I'jkt tu U*Yt fucb Dcfciipiiojit, kid Jf ihr) ki I'ruuli ul • \^ (Kti'i Irnu. ing, n Chap. I. J» T H o M A s Cavendish. i? inpr, that it had very wiich the f»me Appearance with the Ntedkt at the Ifle tf ^tght, whiclj had been before taken iiiMii t! of by Sir Pmiicis Drakt'% People, and has been toiihrmed by ail who have failetl lliithtr fince. Within this Li\K there is a very large Bay, ca'lcd by the Spaniards .IguaJa Srgura ; into which lay there falls a fine frelh- watcr River, and on the Hanks of it there are cora- nonly a gnat Numl)cr of Indians., who inhabit there Hiiring the Summer Scafon Into this Bay they came, watered in the River, and remained there till die 4tli of Nevimher^ tlir Wieuls continuing all that time to liang Wdii-riy. 1 htv waited here tor t'le AiapuUo Ship. 1 6, Novembi' 4. ti»e l)ffireini\ the Content went beating up iiml ilown upon the [leadUnd of Cttlifonua, which lier. m n'' 24' North L^ititude •, upon which Day, in the Morning, one of the Admiral's Company, going up tlic 1 op null, Ipurd a Sail bearing in trom tiir Sea with tlic C3|HM which he prcfently fignified to the Company, with thi> joytul I'xclaiTUtion of, ^ Sail, a Sail! Ihe Admiral, having put ail Things in Readinefs, fct forward in tiic Purliiit ot her ; and, having chafed her llu-ec or lour Hours, ill the Afrcrnoon came up with her, and iaiuted hr- with a Hroad-lide, and a Volley of fmall Shot. They found her to be the St. /inu, bekmging to the King of Spain, the Admiral of all the South Seas, and of 70c Ton Burden. Having boarded her, they found all Things in a i;oo»i Foftiire of Defence -, the Sails were laid clofc upon the PcKip, rhc Mid-fhip, and the Forecaftle. All the Men lloo«l clofe under Fights, which the Captain had rJilcd, providetl wiili Vargets, Javelins, Swords, and great .Stones, v.lach they threw into the Englilb Ship, and at them that had Ixjardrd theirs, forcing them to retire with thel^ls ot 1 wo Men, and Four or Five woonaed. But the Ad- miral, making a frclh Attack with his great and fmall .Shot, raked them thrtHJgh and through, killing and wound- ing great Numl>ers, as the Ship was tuU ot Men •, yet they llwxl very tightly to their Bulincls. .'Jut the next Kroadlidc icduced them to the lail Extremity, lioring fuch wide 1 lolesfor the Water to po'jr in, thai dicy law they mult cither yield or fink. Whereupon, hanging out a Hag of Truce, they delued the Adiv.iral to fave tlieir l^ves, and they would yield their Ship, with all the rich Cargo, into his Hands. Ihu he granted, but commanded them pre- lently to ftnke their Sails to hoirt out rheir Boat, and « ome aboard -, which was uci oniingly done by the Captain, ihi- Pilot, ami one (.f ti.e iliiel Meiclunts. I'liey told i i.' Adniir.il \vli:,t tliey iiad alvjard, which appeared to lie worth iightiiii; (ur, linee tlier> were 122,CKX) Pe/oes of CioKI, rich Silks, Satt;n.etween .liapnUo and Nuna hjp-inn.i, to the Illands of t.udrcnes. This .liitpulco is the 1 1 iv( n trom whence they ii t (Alt lor the Philippines, as the lil.niJs hidronts arc liicir llatkd I'laies of Rcfrclhmtiu. I Si. Nuvtmbcr 19. the Admiral, iiaving difclurgcd the irg, Captain of the S4. Anne with a noble Reward, and fuffi- cicnt Provifion for 'his Defence againtl the Imlium, hred the Ship itfelf, having to the Quantity of 500 Tons of Goods in her, and faw her burnt quite down to the Water's Edge. And now this great Bufinefs being luppily ac compliihed, which they had lb tong attended upon, they fct Sail very cheariully for England. But they had the Misfortune to Lie the Content, their Vice-admiral. She (laid fome little time behind them in the Road ; and they, expcfting Ihe would overtake them, went on licfore, but never had her Company again. However, purliiing tlieir own Voyage, they direftcd their Courfe to the TlLuuls LadroHts, which are diftant from this Haven of .■fgiuida Segura, near 1800 Leagues. And this took them up about Forty-five Days, viz. from NtveaUer 19. to January 3. Upon this Day, early in the Morning, they had Sight of one of the Iflands Ladrenes, called Guam, which Res in 1 3° 40 North latitude j and, failing with a gentle Gale before the Wind, came up within Two Leagues of the Ifland : Here they faw Sixty or Seventy Canoes full of Savages, that brought Cocoas, Plantancs, Potatoes, and trcfti Filh, to exchange for fome of their Coinmoditics. They gave them fome Pieces of old Iron, which they hung on upon fmall Cords and Fifhing-lines, and fo let it verc to die Canoes •, and, by the fikme Method, they got back to their own Ship what the Savages offered in hxchangc. After the TratHck was ended, they came croud- ing witii their Canoes about the Ship, and thruft in lb clolt-, Ibme of them, that the Ship broke Two of their Canoes, though the Savages thcmtelves were none of them drowned, the Water being almoft a.s natural to them, as to the Fiflies that live there : And fo they continued following the Ship, and would not leave the Company of it, till the FlarqueUiifes weie ciilclur^i d at t.hcm, though 'tis icn to one if they killed any ot the.m ; for, they are fo very nimble, that they drop immediately into the Water, and dive beyond the Reach ot all Danger, upon the leafl WainL:g in the World J'licy were very large Men, cxtra- ordmtry fat, of a t^iwny Colour, and wear their Hair mighty long for the molt part •, though fome have it tied up in Knots upon the Crown, like the wooden Images that (land at the Heatl of liicir Canoes. Thcfe Canoes were very artitkially made, coniidering that no edged Tool was ufcd about them •, they arc about Seven or Eight Yards in Length, and half a Yard in Breadth, and tJicir Heads and Sterns were bodi alike : They are made with Rafts of Canes and Reeds on the Starboard Side, and have both Malls and Sails -, which latter are made of Sedges, and that either fijuare or triangular. They have this excellent Prop^Tty, that they will fail as well againll as before the Wind. 19. January 14. by Break of Day, they fell in with a Flead-land of the Philippine lllands, called Caba del Spirit j Santo. The Ifland itfelf is large, high in die Middle, and deprelFed to the Ea(l and Wcfl i'arts, and running a great way into the Sea Wellward : It lies in ^jo' North Latitude, and it is diflant trom Ciuam 1 1« Leagues, and about Sixty from Mantllu, which is the chief of the Pliilippir.fi. It is a woody Ifland, and its Inhabitaiits are motlly Fleathetii. They fpcnt Fit v en Days failing to this Place from Guam, having lunie foul Weather, and I'carce bearing any Sail at all tor I'wo or Tluee Nights. Manilla is inhabited by Spaniards, who live there to the Ninnbrr of Sue or Seven hundred Perlons. It is an unwalled Tuwn, and of no jfreai Strength, though it has vail Riches in Gold, and ft.veaal gotxl Commodities ; it has a conflant yearly Cor- rel'(x*ndcnce with /icapuko, in Nue^a Ejpanna, Ixtfides Twenty or Thirty Ships from China, and the Trade of the Sangueloes, which is very protitable. Thcfe Sangueloes are Cbineje Mercliants, very fharp and fenfible Men in all Matters of 'Trade and Merchandise, cxtrenuly mpjCnious in mechanical Contrivances, and the mofl expert Embroi- derers in Silk and .Sattin that are in die whole Woild ; thny work any Form of Beail, or Fowl, or FiQi, intiold, Silver, or Sil!<, with allthejull Proportion and Colour in every Part, and giving it sdl the Lite and Beauty that an cx.ellent Painter i-.in do, or Nature herfelf bellows ot^ the living OrigituI : And 'tis plain, diat thcfe Men mull bring a very gainful Trade to Mmlla, liiitc they made no uiurc »t Ovid than tliey i^id -, fur, as tiicy brought great Qvaiintie* i ■ 1 i I \ji 1 ' ''s% 1, ;M| h \ I z8 Ihe VOYAGES c/ Book I. J I I Quantifies of that precious Metal along witli them, fo ihcy txchanged it thrrc Weight lor WiigW for Silver. 20. The (ixxK 14th Day in the Evening, they entered the Streighfts, between the Ifland Lucon^ anil the Ifland ot ctlgc of Ro«..;s lay on one Sklc them off the Point of Co/*/, but they paffed without Danger. Within the Point was a fair Bay, and a gooil Harbour, in Four F«thom "Water, within a Cable's Length of the Shore. About Ten in the Morning they came 'o Anchor, ami prefently a Canoe rowed up to thcni, in which was one of the Seven chief Gyfj-'M of the Illind -, they juffitl for Spamards with tliefe Peoj^lf, who, according to their ulbal Way of trading wth them, came and brought their Cocoas and Poratoe- roots to the l-.nghjb in like manner. They gave them a Yard of Linen Cloth for Four Cocoa', and as much for about a Quart of Poatoes, which, in that IlLimi, arevtTy fweet and excellent Meat, cither roaftcd or boiW, The Cajimit that came aboard them had hi» Skin ftrraked, ami paintcii full of very Ifrangc l>vices all over his Botly 1 they kept luin witli tht-m, and defired him to femi fomc of hi« hdian .'»ervanr, that managrtl his Canoe, to go amf fetch his othi-r Six Brother Cafiquts to thr Ship too. The Qtfiques vcr)' quickly came according to fhcr Rcqutft, and with them a large Train of the Pc»)«)le ot the lOand, who hmughtvaft Numbers of Hogs and Hens, and a whole Market of Coroas and Pnt.iti^-.-s -, nnd now the F.nj;l:Jh hat! nothing dff to do for all that Day but to deal with thrtt* People, who fold to them jull as thi-y iIkI to the Spaniards, VIZ. Fjglit Rials of Plate Jtir ^ Hiig, and One tor a Men. I Cere a mil Fxi-cution was pc.-turmcil upon a Stanifi) Pilot taken in tne great St. /lnn.% who had plotted to betray tliem into rhf Hamis ui t!ic S/imanij, for wliich he was hangeil. They lay aUiiit this hland of Capkl for r^hout Nine Days, being all thf whih- wrll fumilh'ai with fredi Viflials, '^ooil Watfr, and Word. The People ot the Illand are all Pagans, and arr (aitl both to worfht}i and converfc with the Dcvi! -, chcy go almoll nakrd, and are of 1 tawny Complexion. The Men wear a fquaic Piet^ of Linen, woven uut of I'lantane- leave*, alx)ut their Wiifts, aivl another roming d.own tirir Back*, and fo tlndtr the I'wilf, wliich is hrtcnrt! to their Girdks. 'Ihe Rite of Circumcifion is in Practi(e hert,- anionglt them-, btfides which, the Males und-. ri;o another Oivration, wlijch is far from Uin:^ (.unimon, ami hardly pnuJiifal any-whrre clfe, cxcqit in Ffgii. Thty make a Perforation quite through tiiefilans of tiir Wr.is with 3 Nail if I'm fjlit in t!,c lower Fnd, and nvctrtl, whicli they orn tiie i^tl, the Atlmiral fummonai .;!; the Ci/irnifs of this Hand, a:.d 01 One humlrrti more, which had paid iiim Tributf to appear before hini -, and hire lie difcovtred hinifrlt and his Company to them, telling them, th.it diry were Engli/h, and the grratert Inrmirs tljc Spaniards lud in the VVorkl. At tli tame time he gcneroufty gjvc them ba.k in Monty the Value of all thr 1 ributc he hatl rc.rivcd, a-,.! i^hiih was paid by them m 1 logs Cocoa>, PocMoes, and thr like, i his unexpecf fd Favour ot the Admiral furpril-i thr whole A trembly un ?' tlitir De- parture. 2 r. Jam 24. they d^ .^ail, nnd ran atoBi; theCiafl of Mamlla, ftixririg .\oith-weft bttwtrn rtm Uland and the IHand Ma'.iat -, and, 1.-, the llTnni^ thrrcaboirts, tht7 txr teivcd the "Spaniards to ket-p aihi« Watch, maki;ig ^rm Fijtt, and drtclurging their IVcts ail Night kwg, l»vmg taken the AlMfn of their comtna. The Idand Psmtma is a plain level Country In many Places, affording very lair and ftrait Trees (br the making Ship>maib, and, Ixfidet, feveral Mines of very fine GoU, whicli aie in CuAody of the /M*'a«x. To the Souihwaid of it tin the Illand of Nerroti, a very large l(*and, almofl «i big as Englmid, and in 9* North Latitude. It appeand to be the mod Fan of it low Land, and very fruirtuh dK People are neither Slaves to the SfMisrJt, nor any other Nation, bis their own intire MaAers. Jmm 29. at Six in the Morning, they fet Sail, palling through the Streight between Pammm and Nexrt Ifland, when, having made about Sixteen Leagues, thw flound a fiiir Opening in the Streight, tending South - weil and by South \ alv.at this Time their Boat, which thry had fent out betore them in the Morning, came up to them again, in which the Admiral ii-nt a Spanijb Prifcmer athore, with a Mtflkgc to his Captain, wl.o cummandeil a Ship that lay at Panama the Ni|^tbc{ore. The Mrt>f wasto this Fffrct : That he ihouki be fare to provide g ot their cwn Bluxl, Utmear tht ,r B hland arc very g<>ki SoKii-r-, hardy, vali.ut, and etcfperatc. t>i the fill Drgrre, tli'-, link at nothing that tlu-ir King conim.-n U them to ilo, l>e a attendcJ with rvrr lo |rrf.«J or leiiain Dan^^er : Should he Ud them plunge .1 Daiigcr into thtir Btealf V, .r leap olf Iran, a PiccipKi-, or into a Drn o( wild Htuils, they immc'i ol their Kmn u .u tctain Dcaih a.s the Poiiu o! ihi- Swotd, w tht 1 ctftJi ol *i;d Bcuiii. 'ihcy arc ol i tawny Chap. I. J/r T H o M A s Cavendish. '^9 tawny Complexion, like tlic n-ft of the Indians, and go naked V but their Women are ot Ibmtthing a better Hue, and (hew more Modefty than the Men in the Ufc of Ap- parel. After this Relation nf the Perluguefe, having con- tented the Javans for the Vidtuals they hail brought thtm, and received a Promife from them of good Kntenainmci.t whenever they came again, they took their Leaves i>t' them, the Admiral making them a Piefcnt of Three great Meces of Ordnance at parting. The next Day, viz March lO. they failed away for the Cape of Good liopt, and fpent ill the reft of March, and the whole Month ot .^ril, in and a Beard that reaches down to the very Ground : They go fometimes together in a Herd, that reaches a full Mile in Length. Here are alfo vaft Herds of wild Swine, that keep chiefly upon the Mountains, as theCabritos do i they are fat, and fo very wild, that a Man can never come at them, except they be afleep, or rolling thcmfelves upon their miry Beds. 25. June 20. having taken in all NeceflTaries here, they fet .Sail for England, and hawled away North-weft and by Weft. 'Tis to be obfcrved, that the Wind is commonly off the Shore at Si, Helena. On Frid^ ^«guft 23. thev traverfmg the vaft Ocean between Java and the Main of failed Eaft and Eaft by South, for th': Northermoft of the Africa, making many Obfervations as to the Appearance of the Stars, the Weather, the Winds and Tides, the Bearing and Fofition of I^inds. 2 {. May 1 1, one di the Company fpied Land, bearing North and North by Wtft, and atx)ut Noon they law fome that bore Weft of ihim, -wliith they believetl to be the C.i|m; of Good Hope, tluy being then about Forty or Fifty lx;agues troin it : But, liy rcalbn they had a fcanty Wind, they ftooil oiT to the Soiith-cali till Mi.inight, and then the Wind coming fair, they hawl'd along Weftward. The litli and i^tli Days they were becalmed, and the Sky was tliick and h.izy •, but the 14th it cleared up, and they faw I ind again, which proved to be Cape falfo, which is Ihort of the Cape ot Good Hope forty or Fitty Leagues. This Cape ial/o is very ealy to b..- known ; tor there lie nght over it I'hree very high I Jills, but a little Diftame frum each other, the highell ot which b the middkinoil, and the Ground is much lower by the Sea Side ; bcfulcs, the CajK' ot Good Htpc bears Well and by South from this Cape balfo. May 1 0. they dilcuvtred tiie Cape ot Good IJopf, obferving the Head-land to be confiderably high, and, at the Wefttrly Point, a httle olf the Main, 'iwo Hammocks apfieanng, and Three others lying turther off into the Sea, yet Lxjw-land between them towards the Sea. This Cape ot Good Hope is made in the Portuguefe Sea Charts 2000 Leagues trom 'Ja'va, but, by their Reckon- ing, they tmind it to bf 1850 Leagues, which took them up jiill Nine Weeks in their Run. 24. June 8. by Break of Day they came within Seven or Eight Leagues of the llland ot St. Helena, which tiny had jurt a (»li'v.^)'e of; but, having little or no Wind, they couM not reach it that Day, but Hood oft' and .>i\ all Night •, the next Day having .1 pretty gocnl Wind, they Itixxl 111 with the Shore, ^thc Boat being lent before to the Hariiourj and came to an Anchor in Twelve laihoiii Water, in a gooil Bay, under the Nonh-wcft Side ot the Ifland, TwL or Three C. bles Length from tlie Shore. 'Ttus llland her \<\ the nvin Sea, as it were in the Midit iKtween the tilm\ Land of Africa, and that of Bra/tl and the Coatl oiGuiney. Ithes in i ; ' aH South Latitui.!e, and iK-twiT.i 5 and 600 Leagues t oiu the Cape of Good Hope. Mere they went alhore, and entered the Church, which hael a fair Cauley leading to n •, a Frame with Two Bowls, and a Crofs ot Free-ftone avl|oiniiig to it-, within, it was hung with painted Cloths, having ad Altar, with the blclled Virgin, and the Story ot the '. rueirtxion, pictured 'ii a Ta- ble . I'he V;illcy where th Chureh Hands is extremely picafant, li> lull of tine Fruit-trees, and excellent PLnts, that it app< ars like lome very tair and we'' cultivated Gar- den -, there are long Rows ot Lemon, Oiange, Citron, and Ponigranate, l)ate and Fig-trees, that prelcnt the F.ye with Blf Stniphi of Ma'tlkn, ami " returning tiy the Cajv de l^iir>\i FjjxrMifH. In which " Voyage, 1 have otinr itikovt-reil, «>r bioupht cirr.un " Intelligenc • ot, all the rich I'laas oJ the Worl.l, that " ever wt-re known or ihlcovi-rfil by mw Chnllian. I " naviijatcxl along the Coaft ot" Cbti'i, rein, aiui ,Vtf«>/i •• Efpannf, where 1 made great Sjioil* ; I buiPt anJ limk " Nineteen Sail of Ships, fmali ani! f,rr« : All the \il- ♦» lag's and Towns that ever 1 liimU li at I Inirnt and lp..ileJ ; " anr,, had I not Ken dilcovxr'?*! upon the t'oati, I had " taken groat Quantity of 'rrcallire. Fhe Matt^ r of mA\ ♦« Profit I'^c rn', was a grcut Ship of the King's, which •' I took ai Liilifaritui, which Shi|) came from the PbtLp- " pmrs, being o'u ot the richcil for Mcrchamtizo that t vir " r^i^' i i'' ife Sris, as the King's Rcgitler, Accounts, and •♦ Mrrclianis did Ihew ; tor it did amiMinr in \'alue to • * • " in Mexico to hi iM ; which Goods [Wr tfiat my Ship " were not al-lr to contiin the le.ift I'art of tht-m; I was " enforced to lev on I'lre. From tlie CajH. cf Cthfortutt *• being the upjx-rmol^ I'art of ;ill Ntir.'a F/p.ittita, I na- " vigated to the IHands ot Pbili^pitu:, \\.,x, ip.^a rhc Coail *♦ o( China, of wlikh Country I have brought lluh li tcl- " ligencc, ns hath not hcen heard of ii thtf. I'aits : Ilie " St:it.li!-.cfs aid Kiiii.s ot which C'ourtiy I tear to make " Rejiort oi, le'* I fVould lot be ere '.itetl ; for, if 1 ha.1 " not known fiflkienw tl.i- in- omparable Wealth ot that " Country, I !>!'.. ;W ;.,.•-• Iseen as incrnlisKnis t'lenot, as " others wi:i Kr, ti;»t hare not had the like Ixi cricwt. " I lai'' '1 alrin; \.\- Ifiaivi' >'t' A/n.' /t ■/. I If Una, where the Pormgnii " ufrd , re); vr fS,-., i^; \;, , ani from that Ifland IkkI " hath fuftercti me ro r nirn into En^LmJ: All w.'ach S-r- '♦ vices, with iT'if If, I humMy j'rortrare at her Ma'cfty's " Fc?r, defmr.ti, the Almigtity li;ng to continue her Ktipn •• amr/ng us ; l"w, at this Day, ilie is the moft tamoiis ** and vic'i iPfAJs ,"nnce that livcth in th'- World, '("hii.s, " humbly dcimn^ i'ardon to.' my rdiouhcfs, I leave *' your Lordlhip to tin? Tuition ot the Almighty. To:ir l/tncur's mcjf llumi/it to ammand. " for-, " our " the " horr Plymouth, ikii t^i »/ TllOM .\ 5 C A N t) 1 S H. 27 There were many Cimimffjnces in this Voy«f»p, befid.s tf:c wonderf'u' lei. ■ it) o' .t, t'lat drfervc in ' e coiifi- dercil ; As, for Inftancc, t.'ic pafling a fecond time uuo the South Seas, not only after it was '.no -n, that the i>piimtfds were cxcefTivcly alarmeil by the lo'mtr i^afCige ol ^wlvmij Drake, but alfo that tiv y havl neived Succours tiom Spain, and hai! actually toi ti'irc tlvmfelvis Itrongiy in the Soutii Seas. Th" nice Starch Ik made into, and th. vKl Delirnption he has giv. n u^ i.f the Strrigliti ot Mag, Unn, are very noble I'riKUs ( f his Skill and lm;uKry, anu o: his Defire, that I'ollrrity might reap the Benctit of his LjircKii ^. The Attack of ihe .kttpuUo >\\\\\ conlidtrmg the lu.all Forrc that Captaui CanJIh !)*', wuii him, was a ivibic In ftance of true knghfli liraeiy, which w.is lul^ly n . ...ii >i by the (.^uecn with tli; Hoikxh of Knighihotxl. His At count ol the Phihpptnis^ and his Delitrptions ot fcvual iHands in the F^ft Mies, are very c Itar and curiou*, and at that time mulf have lieen very ufttuU fiut partnuUrJy his Map and iX'fcription ot (ihina, whit '» gave great Lights at that time of Day We may add to all this, the Can- lie took in th'- In(lni(^tion of his Seamen, nuny ot whom art.r wardj r'itVmgtiifliid thcmrelvc«, I'y navigating other Ve(V< Is in the fame (hifndous t nurd , and thireby l;llipg j!i th known World viih the hame and Kcputatir<-, at ail lur^jfiling, that we fin.l t ;■ fxlf Jiidges, Ix.rh in our own antt other N'atioi s belt'. Mig very high I'raifr* ujx)n this worthy (.entlenian, who ."fwed, in the whof- Conduct ot h.s \ oyagc, the Courage and Dilcretion of a great Comnunder, with all the Skill and Diligence of an able Sc»man, of both which 5 he !us h ft us tlie tlrong II TelliirKinies in lib actiiiate Ac- counts (it his I'xpeiiitionv iS. Ihe VScaith he brought fioni fo fuccel.ful a \'oya.;\ mult have been viry cunfiderabW. One ot «iur iUiCKtit Wntcrs lays, it was lutticirnt to have purtluUd it fair tarld.^f:, wimh is a genera! I.xprcdion, the Mean- ing of \vhii.h cannot be ditcrmnud with :my Ccititiiity : But whatever the Sum was, wliicii lie aiquircd wuJi l^, much 1 lazard, ^'d with lo great I lonour, it i» ccrtajn, that he liul not make 'o piudtnt a IJlr ot his good Fortune .IS micht luv- Ixcn expi-tttii i tor tii tiic Spate of Three Yeais time the Ixll i'ait of it wa.s t"|>cnt, and the reft of u he dctermin id to lay out in a Secoiul Mxpeiiitioii. Wc need the Ids woiulct at this, it we ciinliilcr wimt the Writer* ot thofe linus till u; with rcfiK-^l to Im great Cirneruliry, and tilt pnxiigiHB Kxj^ntc he wai at ui jirocuring and mainti'ning likh People at he thought might be uleKjl to iiim m his luval I-.x(>t'.iii;uns, u(>on which his Mind was continiul'y bent. Suth Things require the Revenues of a I'riiuc , and, m he looked upon tins XDyage round the World .IS -n Intrtxkicti-jii oniy to h;s tutuu Lndertakingi, we m.iv caiily conceive, that what the \N oild took for I'.xtr.ivagance, might apjiear to him in the Liyht only of nettllary Di.sbinlrn.erts, winch, inllead til lelVenuig or run- ning out, lu: iJMp.nui fhoiild have laid the toundatiunsof a m.^n extenlu c I- ortune. Neither was this, when all C ir- cumlhmt < arc conliderul, a ralhoi impnjbablc Ljtpcttation ; fince there wee many I Jtainplcs in tlut Reign of very great Wcaltn obtaintvl by tins vtry .MetluKl by whah he hoped to in«.reale hr, I'ltate ; Befuies, it very clearly ap- ])ears by Ins Will, that lie did not ilic in IXbt, but leti iKhiiid him very conlWierabL- KH'ccts, notwiti.ltanding a.l 'Jit- Llxpences to wluch he was put, and the many Milr lortun' s he cncountirni in ius .Seto;Hl Expedition to the South .Seai A till to Jl thii, that, from the hajijiy Sue- ccfs of hn lormtr \ i.yage, and the lupcriur Sutngtli wiiii wliK h he uiidcrtays in Cjuiet, in cale he hati returmil to his native Country a; happily xs he diil Ixtorc. But witlitiut fjwnding mote Time m fuch kind ol RcfliiUions, which, however, arc not unnecdiary, tonfultrnig the C tw rafter .iml Reputation of tile I'erton ilrry coiuern, let us nt)W pr')cctd to an Ac- count ot that unlortunatc Vojige, whidi fliall be the mon- concile, becauf. wc iViall have an Op|xy Particulars ot it in aiiutiitr Place, where we Ihall give (he Readier a Urge Account ot tlu tuiu us Ir.i- V.I', .imi lurpriling .'\d\ c ntures, ol Mr. Ant.uy Kiuvt:, who was tile CompuiKiii ot Sir 'Tboimti (jwdtjb m moil ot hi' Mistortunts, :uaI who k-fi the World a very copioui and diltinit Accoui.t nl that .i'lTiorablc \'oy.igc. 2<>. The Miijis which he fictetl on .it !us o«n Fjl}x;nc? tor this V'.»y.ti^<, were -Jic daltrun Ltuefitr, which wa. A.'anirai, the tKo^hutk, Vice a^JiiiTf.l, I'l?; Df/irr, the liamty, and he H/^uk I'.nmiUi witii which St)uai.!ron h<; lailii'i tri>m P ^minik, .iuga/t '. 1 ,tji. ()n Stvemitr 2<). they tell m »i«h tiK Coait ol Bnsfii, wIktc tiny took the 1 own ot Santos, «ikI burin that ol St. kin.tii: \ uv\ then continued thtit \'oy*ge t- poii.tments, aiKl Mislnrtuius, \arious Accounts of vt.i h Mv Itill [ifflerved ; but tat nVill lopioiu is that of Mr. Can- difh hi Icit, ad .redid to Sir Trijjram (Jargrs, whom !io made lole txciutur of l.is lall Will , wherein he atfirim, the Miuarnagr happtmd thus: " 'The ruining away ot " the \ iliain /)«-»> (lays liei was the Death ot me, .ind " Ueiay «t thi whole .Action, tikI his only Treachery in " mnniiig trom im, tlur utrer Ruin ot ali." He com- plains aJlo ol Mutinies i and that, by South-wtll and Wert South-well Wiiuls, he w.i- driven from Shore FtMir hundred I .t ague*, and trom 50' to 40': 'That he w«^ taken with Winter and .Stoit!>' in the Strcights, and Inch Knjfts :md Snows in ,V/< as he never law the like \ to that, 'n-Stvcii or tight l-..f , I'orty diixi, and .Seventy lit I encd. Davu m the Df/iff, and his Pinnai-e, left him in the laitttudeol 47'' ■, the Rcd'ud kept with him to Tlur ty-lix, -v^f Cliap. r. Sir Thomas C a v e n d i s f[. I* ty-Hx t Ca(tf«ii B*rk4t, tranfgrcning hit Dirc^kms, was (lain with l'ivc-«nii-twcnty Men nn Lanil, and the Bout lofl \ and, ition at'lcri 'i'wmty-Hvr othcii followitl the like Fortune* \ Ten othcn by ihir Cuwurilicc uf the Mafter of the Rotkufi, foiialuin M Hfiril* Stmte, which itolc away with Six Months Vif ttmU ttir an hunilrcil ami Twenty Pcrfons, (hry htin^ but l-orty-fix. At Stia/liaHj hap- Knot another Mutiny by 'Ireaclury of an Irifbmgn (where r. Kuhut, and other flrk l'i'rl*)ni, wrrc fet on Sliore) : Intending again for the Ktrc ightfi, he waa beaten up and down thole tcmprftuoui Srax, and came withia Two (.(■agues ol Si, HtUna, but rotild nut iittjin it \ and, in his lad EpiIlK, rrofrfTed he had rather have put himicif on an llland, il lie could have lownd one, which the Charts place in H", than return i ami was Irarie able to hold a IVn when he wrote tliii, Sm>ii after the writiiip, of this Let- ter, he died of mere (iiicl, i'hc kkik I'lmiace was loH, htit the Df/lre arrived jftily 1 1. M(j^. at Bftrhivrn in Ire- lami, after having iullrrrd iniirdibly, 1 he Admiral's own Ship alii) rcturiietl, but what became ol the Rctbutk \ cannot find It is vrry I'l rtaiii, that the Milcarria(;;>' of this Voyiige was, in fomc inealiire, prejudicial to tlir knglijb Traile \ tor, upon ilir Return oJ Mr. Qtiidi/h'H Ships, abun;lnnreot able Se.mirn win tiiriird abroad intlir World ^) CT their I.ivuiga u* fliey lould i and the Kuin of Mr. d»<^»//j having thrown a I >iini(> on thele (ijit ot Under- takings lure, thole Se.inui\ went into other Lountrits i .ind, as Knowledge ii a p<>it.ible ContmoJity, maile the belt Maikct of it tliey itjuld in Ihlliwd and elfcwhcre. Ann-ogd the reft, him' Mi , MtUtjh^ who had been a la- vounte with Mr. (..tihiijh, ami hail l«eii his Companion in .lil hii Voy.'grs, (illi I i Ins Serviee to the Pultb E(\}i liulia Comp.iny, wiiiLh wak thru in its hitaiKy \ and his Fruix) lals l)i.'in[^ ycie\i«cd, he was < mployid ju I'llot in the Ex['e ditk)n, of which 1 am next to fpcak. I have dwelt the longer upon theic Points, Irom a Principle which, 1 hope, will not cxpole me to C'cnfure, I ircan a Jcaloufy twr the Honour of the lirilijh Nation. I would nor, liov/cvcr, have any of my R< aders fulpcft, that tliis Principle will ever carry me too fur, or betray me into Prejudices againll Foreigners : I Ihall always endeavour to do them Julliec, without doing Injufticc to ourfclves •, for in this I am clear, that, with refpedt to the Undertakings ot fingle Pcrlbns, we have excelled all Nation-.. Columhus had tiie Support of their Catholic Majefties ; Magellan was fitted out by the Emperor Charles V. and botli were encouraged with a Profpedt of great Rewards ; whereas Sir Iramii Drake, and Sir Thomas Candijh, undertook their l.'.xpeditiop.s at tli.ir own Lxpence, and on their own Rifiju-rs. W hat they per- formed, the Reader has li^n. With regard to colltttive Bodies, or trading Companies, 1 mull as freely acknow- ledge, that the Dutch fccm to me to have had the Advan- tage of all Nations, not only in rdptit to the Wifdoin flicwn in their Undertakings, but alio in thiir Steadintfs and liiudable Concein lor the public Intercrt in the Puifuit of tlicm i but that they were more early, or more fortur,atc, than we, in tluir Dilcovcries, I abfolutely deny ; they were fo far from btii'g our Mailers in that Point, that in reality we were dieirs ; and this, I think, is a Matter of too great Conlequcnce not to be fully inlifted on. I will, tliercfore, freely own, that the bare Amufcment, or even the Inllruc- tion, of my Rcuiers, is not all I aim at : \Vh.it I farther propofe, is attempting to reftore that gloriuun .Spirit, which lormerly dillinguiflied our Nation, and which 1 am firmly j)crfi:uual, it lit in its proper L.ight, may be Ionic time or otlK'r revived \ aiu! Uien I do not doubt, but loine tuturc W riter may record the Actions oi as great Heroes as Drake and Cauiiiflj. bJUx-nec- wliicii wai •M»r, the uat'.mn h<; nnbrr 2'). t(«jk the »n- ot uiii h .VI r. Can- \«.h.im !io 1' atKrink, .'. .iway ot iiv', .ind cackry in \ !c com- -wdl aiKi re Four Mt he was and hicli ic like » In venty lu I. ic ft him in n to riiir ty-lix , m 8 K C T I O N VI. Tfx Foyn^i: of O \ \ \ v. % van N o o h i- (the jirfl attempted hy the Dutch) round the IVijrid. r. Tl'r Rife of tf.ir Dutch C-^mpt^nv ivht.h formed the De/ign Oliver van Noort ivas fent to execute. 2. The Niiturr of thi\ Pi'oieil, iinil the l*>,f-firatio»s Jor it. 3. Tbeir Departure from Holland for tie South Si.is, SepicinlxT IJ, 1 ^98. 4. Arrive on the Coafl of Bralil, after meeting li'ith many Misfortunes. f . Enter fir Strrigftt nf MugcllBii /;; ti ftckly ConJition. 6. Accm.nt of t/jc Savages inhcHttng thofe Strei^its. 7. Mt^f ii.'if/.> Ciiftain k\'.- Vi'ccrt, iJio failed in the Fh\-t fitted out hy Vitd\z<^^n. 8. Incle- mency of tint Wtatler in tl»fle Parts, g. Entn- into the South Seas, and cruife on the Coajls of t'liili. 10. /iiiQUHt of the h\\.\\.\\\^ on this Coa/l, and their Rehellion againjl //v SpuiiiaiJs. 11. Con- tin.ie Lrut/ing on f/x L'mfh cf Cliili and iVru, 'u/'jere they niif's a v,}J} Hoiity tii Gold. xz. 'Their Cotirfe /br ;/■(/• F/,i(t trulies and ..h rival at the LadioiMii. \^, 'Their Arrival at //.*{• Pliilippines. 14. Engage //r SpaiiianU 0^ Manila I and, after an obllinate Dilpiite, Jink their Admiral. 15. Arriv: in the 'i'ort of Boinoo, and trade li'ith the Infahitants. 16. The Danger of failing in tho/e Seas v-utbout having an • experienced i' Hot. 17. 7/v/'7i^;/c ///r/rrf/ .■>/ Holland, AiiiUifl 26. 160 1. iS. Remarks on this f'oyage, a'ui tf: Account i we iavi' .■>/ it. 19. 'The Rcafon of adding the Voyage oj Captain dc Went. T 1 1 1 1' Inlwbituiiis (,r fhofe Ciiunfrici, whlrh .ire now iliird till UifilfJ Pr«viiif\, loimd theni- lelvc^, after their .Si [i.iialion trom the Spanilb Monaichy, cxtrcntely a( i 1 ,oli liow to liipply the necef- Ury Ii»j,< nad, which fo l«ing ,iicrtif.»Hi il'ione*!, (oiiftantly rc<|uired. Thiiijjave ilicm thi- niore I'nealnii'ft, Ivtaufe their Kncmy I'bilip II. canird on ihe War att,iiiifl thrm, rather by the l.enfeih ofhis Puilr, than by tli< I . uv < 1 his Arms ; and yet tiieli RhIk.!! were derived liom a tninaierce prohibited to the People of this Country, rvm it fluy had fubmitrrd I'lenifelves a^toiii f) the Yoke of Spii'.n, The .Srnfe rhrrc- ioh ol ditic l>ill'*er!tir«, joiiud f" flie niiphty Advantages lii ■ might Ik: urt.iinly rtaiied by ovittominp tlietn, in- i m at the (iovernnii 111 . nd lV'-" had in View w.is, grantiiis; fuch I'mver :'.nd Authority 'o ; ny of their SubjeiJls, wlso were inclined to venture iipor. Fxpeditions of this Nature at their own Rifqiie and I'.xpenee, as might enable them to cotieiliate lluir private Advant.igc, and the public Good, by tilting ouc «£;■ ' h ■':■ n 7k' V O Y A C; E S of Book I. i ii t .?■*' out Sq»wilro(1& for tluff liifl.int ami Ii.i7.irili>\i5 Voy.i(',fV. A I'olicy, which, liowivtr it might tprmn trom Niccllity, thpy coniliirtfil with IikIi WiUlorn ami AiUIkIj, that the King ot Spain (Ixm huiiHi himlHl more ililln flrii liy the Ariiumcnts ot tho Dutfb Men hants, than by all tlu' Forcos employed by the Statu ot Holland. A plain I'root, that iho lliortert \N ay to icniUr .iny (iovrriimeiit [lowcrlul, i» to interert the People in ginirai in its Siipjioi t ; tor tliis iaili-< by litgrees luch a Spirit, anil that Spirir jtikUicis Inch vinthoiigl«-ot Conlt'qtieiKrs ;w no Ait or I one arc able to opj)olr. Alter this Intrixiiktion, wc come naturally to Ij^eak ot that Comjany ot Men hants, at whole Kxp m e the txj.x^!itioii was umleitaken, which is to U- thcSubjcdt ot our prclent Dilcoiirfe. 2. Alx>ut the Jkginningof the Year 150S. fome vrry eminent Merchants ot the Ijk{.< CenHina, among whom the principal wire Paer vjh Br.cnn, Hugo derrilz, anil JubH BeitiiKi, tormeil a Delign ot limiuig Ionic ftoiit Shipi through the Strcights of Magellan to rruifc in the South Seas u(H}n the Sf>aniarjj, to which tliey were chiefly in- Ibgatal by the Rcpons of many Englilb Seami n, w ho hail iVrvril uiidcr Drakt, Candijh, limftjns, and other rntcr- prilir.g OfF,cer«, in thole I'arts. J he Knd of thi» Kx;k- dition was the common one of cniiling on the Spanijb Coiils, and obliging the Enemy ot IVace to bear tht l.x- pencc of thole \Va;s in which he obliged other People to engage agairlV their Wills ; as alio to gain l-jtpenencc , and. It It IliouKl be found prailicable, to cr.ntu.ue itieir Voyage to the Philipfin/j, and fo by the Ca|X' ot Good Hope, round the World. As the Succcfs ot this im[X)rtant Project i.i:-ix;ndcd, in a great inraiur,', on theCapacity of the (jeneral, tor lb i:i thoie Days tiic Dutib, and indeed moll other Nations, railed the Conimandrr in chief, either by laind or Sea, they took carc to provide thcinli-lves with a Perlbii of tlUbiilheii Character, as well in point ot Con- dud as Courage, whole Name w;is Oliver van Noort, a Native of Vtrab!, in the Flower ot his Age, .md who haii a ftrong PatTion for GloV)'. To this Man ihcy commu- nicated ihiir Schune, whuh he readily embrace^] i and their Terms bemg Ijxxdily fettled, they .proceeded to equip Two ftout VclVils, the one called the Maurice, the otlicr the Henry IreJeru, and IWo Yachts, c.illcti the Concord, arid tht Hope, mnintd by 24S Perfoni. of all kankN. Ot thii little Fleet Ohvir '.an Nart, in the Maurice, was Adn.iral •, Jumes Ciaafz, of i'lptnJa, WAS Captain ot the Henry trederu, and lutl tht Title of Vice-;uimiral ; tajtaiii I'tter van Iml had the Command of the Concord, .uiJ John Huide^.-pe, of the Hope, i h. fc were all Men of FjqxriKnce, capaMc of nuinuining their Autlutrity u|x)n all Occafions, -nd who were tlumfcives intcrtrtcd in the Sucrcfs of the Voyage j a Pm ai.ncn then, and ever fmce, taken by the Dut:b m lutli Cafes, to prevent their Fx]>t.dit,ons fulfcring from the private Views, or want ot Htartintt, m their Otficcrs ; which is off 11 tii- Cafe among other Nations, and lor wiiica this Mellnjil ol theirs jx-rliap. is the oiuy Lure, 3. When ail Things were in Riadip.d's, and the Crews of I heir rcfpettivc \ ciVd, abloluttly complete, the Pro- pnctois prtlentcd .i I'eiition 10 tiic Board of Admiralty at Rciterd.m ; ujwn which, all Panics coi erned were tum- moiieil thithtri and, on the 2-th of y*«.- J59S. tht Rules and ReguUtsons for thei. (.ovcinmem in tins F.xpedition. wmchhau Ixx-ii iira*n up for them by the Company, and then rrvUcd and approved by the Sta;Jt!iolucr I'rincc Maunie, and the Board, wire publicly reati to them, and every Mun fwon: '.-.j their C)bi"crvante. Thcle kind <>( failing Orders tiic Duuh call .'}rtyitli>nt/j, an J never lulfer them to lake plate u.J Uicy liavc received tins kind ot Sanction Iroin the i-tau- i and then they iKiome the l^ws oi ttic V<)y,4jt, which whoever breaks mull kifi; r the Penalties mtjuioncd 1:1 tjK-m. 1 iiis is anothei Circumflai.ee worthy ot KtmarK, and a very great Proof ol the Attention paid by that Rcpi.blit to the ComiiRrcr of their Subjects, a.« well 41 a Check upin others, who iMght attempt lu alnilc rheir Auihejiity. (;n the 13th iji Sepienbn , ,yS the Maurue anel the Concord failed out of liie Port ^,' Uoote ; and the //./in J-rcdenc, and the Hofe, having juined tlieni irom .Jin/lerdim, they continued tfscir Voyage lo^cthci tor Pfyineuib, where th.ir Kn^liji Pi ot Mr. Mi.'Ii/b, who had been the C?ompnton of .Sir Themai QnJiJb't Fortunes, was to take ui his Apparel, and other Neccflkriei. On the iift, they tailed from t'tymntb, the Wind blowing a frelli (tale at hitirth calf. The next Morning, when they were out of the Chanel, ihey perceived that the Vice-idmirat's .Shallop was miinng with Six Men, which gave them a goext deal pf Concern, infomuch that they had feu Thoughts of returning fo PlymeMlb\ but u\EngHJb Pri- vateer, coming up with thcni, foon cured them of their Pain, by alTunng them, that thefc Six Men were lewd, goal- lor- nothing Fellows, who embarked for the Sake of what they could get, and had taken thi: Opportunity to run away with the Boat : Upon which it was rcfolvcd, not to trouble thcmfelves any lurthcr about them. Some Jealoufies, however, at that Time, fuming up, as to the Capacity and Conduft of their Vice-admiral, which were quickly incrcafed by his lofing his other Shalbp, which he hail in Tow with a Man in her, and which, notwith- ilandmg all the Care that they ctHild take, wasadually loft ; which I'lece of Careleffriels uccailoned much Murmuring and Dilcontent amongft the Seamen, which the Vice- admiral elaily incrrafed hy his haughty Behaviour, and by his Contempt tor Advice, which, however, no Man wanted more th.in he. 4. On the 4th of Oiloktr they met a fmall Fleet of Dutib, hngtt/b, and French, which were coming from Barbary, and gave them an Account of the horribl- Pelii- lence raging there, which had fwept away 2$o,ckx) Per- loni in a very ftiort Sjmcc. On the 6ch, they came be fwc«nTrwr;jf and liie great Canory. November ^. they hael Sight tjf the Cuatls uf Cmney. Decemier 4. they c.iniee)ft'Ca})c Palma, whidi lies in f' jo' North l^atitude. 1 lie loth, they had Sight of Prtnces Illand, which lies !' of North latitude. Fhey lent their Boats bctore to make Ibmc Difcewery of the Iflc, where, having entered with a flag e)f Truce, they were met by a Negro, bearing the lil:c Sign of Peace. Ihcy demanded only a Supply of Provifnifls, which was granted in very tair and friendly Terms •, bm. \v|-,;le tlu-y were fettling this Point, a Party that lay in AniUiJ-ade lurpnle\l tliem in a Moniiin, and cut off (evcial ot them, amongll which was the brave Engl:/b Pilot t apMiri .Meiiijb. The Portnguefe purfued them to thrir Boar , wliiih they very briskly attackeel, killiiu', the .Admiral's Brother, aiid were very near taking all the- reft I'nloncrs. In Revenge of this Outrage, it was con cliideil in a Council of W sr, to attack the Calf Ic ; whuh tjtpcriment being tricel, and tound too hazardous, tluv took their Revenge in burning all their Sugar -hou lis. Aiul fo, having provided thcmfelves with frcfh Water, they lei Sail on the 17th. The a 5th they reached Cape Gonfako, where the Wmei grnerally blows from the Land at Night, and ln)m the Sea in the Day. Here they found Two l^cb Ship, which informed them of the Misfortune ot Captain Sleouth Ljti'ULir The tth, they julTed the /-iwr Cape, and in the F.vcnmg Cape h'rio. On the 9th, they came to Riojantim. After fome Ixils of Time, and Company too, by the Treacheries ot ttieir grand Knemy the Per- lugUTj-, they yuan tu St. Setajiian, where the Comforts (jf a good Flarlwur, frelTi Water, and plen:y o! Wood, at tciklcd diem . Uit no Fruits were :o t)e had at that Scalbn. 5. Manh 14. a eircadlui Storm furprded them, the Fury of which parted the Vicc-ailmiral. anel the Hope, (to.) the nH ot the Fleet ; liut they hael the gotxlLuck to mn:; them again on the 17th. .Anel now the .Scurvy incrcafed aniongfl them, wliieh, together with the Approach ot Winter, mailc them refolve to put in at St. Htltna ; t)Ut, mifling that, thry comludcd upt.ii the .Ifrenfien, or fome other inan.l, that was eapable of giving them a tolcrab!- hntcrtainmcnt. Bat lurd Fortune brought them to a very barr- .1 Cliap. t. Oliver van Noort). 33 harrcii ami ilernUte Irtand in lo" 30' Soutli latituilf, where tlit-y lial nothinn hit a dw Fowl, (called Malle Mewen) wlui'i tli'7 knoclsd down witK rhcit Clubs. (laving till rcton; quickly hul enough of this I'urren Place, they pm oil to>Soa HRain ; and the Firft or7«'»'» thinking to Lvc reached th : nfctM/toH, they found (hemiclvet on the Con: incut ot Brifil \ but the Perit^utfi nor. ful'ering them to land tlier-:, tlwy foiletl to the life of 5/. Qara^ which lies in : 1" i-,' St)iith Latitude \ it is about a Mile in Com- jjafs, and m much liiftant from the Continent. The Ifland aftordrd thrni Utile cICc but Herbs. But wlut it denied ihiin in lond, it paid in I'hyfic, yicKlinR a fort of four I'luiiiM, wlut'i in Fifteen Days cured all their Sick. 'June t\y: I ()tli, tilt y failed for Port Dtfiic, in 47' 40' South I ..uitu.lc, which ufttr much bad Weather) they reached Siptmbfr 20. They fiirniftied thrnifclves with Store of I iljj and Penguins in .ui Ifland that lies Three Miles to the South of thii Plai-e. Of thf litter fort of Creatures tliey took fo.iHJo (which were as bijj as Geefe) with a vaft Quantity i)f tlicii Iggs, that prvith Stone, b. Th- 29th, they faileil from hence ; and, November the 2 4ih, they made Cape yirginj, where tic 1-And i> low and plain, and, by its Whitcncfs, yields a Profpcd like hiiguiid. They mailc many Attempts to have entered the Streights, and were as often frullratcd, being beaten back by TemiTfts of Wind, Rain, Hail, and Snow. They loft their Anchois, hrr-kc their Cables t Sicknel's and Con- tention (worfe than any Diliafej were added to ;ill the red of their Calamities \ and all thcfc retarded their Progrtls fo far, that it was very near I'it'tccn Montiis (from the Commencement ol thcNoyageybefore they could make their Way into the Sticights. They oLfervcd tlic 1 jnd to lie Soutli-well from the Cape Virg-.tis, and the Mouth of the .Strtights ro W- .ilxiut F( urtecn Miles Diibnce from it, .md halt a Mile in Breadth. November 25. tluy law fome Men ujwn Two Illands that lay near tiic Cape Najjju, who bid l)e!i.ince to tiie /kUnnders, and fliook their Wea- pons at du m i but tluy landing, notwithltanding t\\W Dc- (iante, pi'ifucd the Sav.i|};es to a Cave, which they ihib- bornly ditcruiid to ihc iatl Man, dying every one of ilum \:ix)n the SiK)t. The Du:cl\ being got In, found their Wives and Children in that dark Receptacle i and the Mothers, v/ho exfxcled nothing but prel<;nt Death to t'itn.f"Ivcs and thiir Intants, covered the little ones with tlirir own Bodies, refolving to receive the firft Stab tlu-m- f Ives. But the Dutch did them no more Injury tlwn the raking of Four Boys and Two Girls of their Number from them, whith they brought on Ship-board. One of the Boys, having learnt to Ipeak Dutch, gave them this Luel- lij-'-iue 1 That the greater of thefc Two Iftands was called Cijltmme, and tha Tribe that inhabited it Enoo ; that the lift Ifland was called Talcki j and that both were well llor'd with IVnguins, *rhofc Flcfh was their Food, and the Skins their Clothing i and, as for Habitations, they had none buc ihrf- Caves : That the adjoining Continent abounded with Ollnthes, which alfo ferved for Food : That they were uillinctiilhed into Tribes, which had their fcveral diftint") Ileluiences 1 the Kementtes, that dwelt in Kaejay, the KcnnekiH, m Karamay •, the Karaiks, in Marina ; all which I'eoplc were of the common S'Zj, but broader brcafted, and painted all over*, the Men tying the Pudenda up with a String, and the Women covering thole Parts Nvith a I'enguin's Skin ; the former wearing long Hair, and the latt: r lliaven , but botli Sorts naked, except a Ckak nt l'en^uin-skin!i, reaching to the W.iills : That there was aifo a I'uurth 'Fribtfof tiieui, c;dlcd '/'/rmcffM, that dwelt Numb. j. in Ctik \ anil thcfe were of it Rignntic Statute* being Ten or 'I'wtlve Feet hly^h, and continually at War with the other rribei, 7. The jHth, ihry imtVeil over to the Continent, dnil faw fonw Wlmlen at a Diftance, Iwving Sight too of a very pleuCuit River, about which arc very delicate Trees, and Store of Parrwli ; lI|H)n the fcore of this pleali^nt Prolj^Kc'tj ihiy lalleil \\\\\k iiiimmtr B* Uav, whiih tluy obfcrved to extend very fir FalUaul, and lo icceive feveral Rivers into it i in the Mouths ot whuh were vail (ji^iantities ol Ice, that fecnifd never to mt It .I'i ilie V«.ir round : For t!iouf;h this W.IS near the Miilnimnei- Sratim in tli.it .Southern Chmatj, yet the liew-w lo |lu> k, that at Ten Fathom Sou.'uhng tiiey toulil noi reaeli the Bottom of it. The Land alio feemed to be an I leap nl Irokeii Illinds wliicli the Height ot tiie Mouniain-. 111, ule apixar like onelirm ar.d tontinu-el Piece. I leie they had ilie DdUellcs of 1 lunger, and con- tinual Kaiiis, and ihr I uhol I'wo of thdir Company, wiio were kilkil by thti .SavajV's an they were picking Mufleis, wiiiili were their thirl SiilU nance. 1 laving weathered out many Storms whali eiidan^^rred them in Menijle Bay, and lijine bncoiinteu ion wulitlie ^^aviiges, they fet S.iil on the 17th, ;uid were iliiven by a.Moim tutolJopfe ur Penguin B;;y, Thrie Miles diiLmt, and receiving tiie Name from the Muliitiiile ot ih.if Sou of Fowl tound there; of which they obferveel, liiat tluy rmikl both dive and fvim very well, but not l!y at all. I lire the Vice-admiral, for divers Crimes, was lomlenuird by a Council of War to be turned alhore, there 10 lliili tui iiiiiilirlf amongft the wild Beafts, and wilder Inh.ibitaiUi ol thcCountiy j which was exe- cuted acfonringly, 9. Jebnuiiy the ift, ihry entered another Bay, which they called /V/1//A fiiiy, aiul in which they run many Fla- zards. On die i; ih.ihey law at a Diftance a huge Moun- tiin of lee in IVi'XiuH Hay \ but the next Day, viz. the Idft of Jebru.iry, they bill adieu In all thole difmalProfpeds, and palVcd tape J)(/iN into the .South Sea. Their Com- pany was now 14", bill miiekly lelfened by the Lofs of the Sh';i ol the Vice .idmiial, whom they dropt. Marc/h the i;th, txptv^.ting hrr in vain, they lailcd to the Iftand La Muita, which is alHtut Six Miles from the Continent, and lies in {8" .Souih l„»(inide. It is remarkable for an high Mountain in the Muhlle of it.iliat cleaves at Top tom.ikc Way fljr a Courle of Waters into the Valley underneath it. Here they baiteiM Knives tiiul I latchets tor Sheep, Hens, Maize, Bartulas, and oilier Fuiit. 'I'hey went to fee the 'J own, which cdiitifted ol iiKnii Fifty Hoiifes of Straw, where they W( re eiilrltainod with a four (brt of Drink called G.7, whii h u made ut Mai£ ftcepcd in Water, K and ^4 •ml it thf ch&icc t.i(]uor \\M at tlirir Frarts. Polygamy is riiihh pr*.'hlal amongll iIkiti, aiui tliry liuy as nuny Wives as till y can kivp \ lb tli.it a Mm tli.ii ll.l^ 4 RikkI many t)auphtcrs, mav chance lo get arj KHati hytlum, rr}>ni4lly it ihty jiMvi- hamJliinu'. Il one Man kill an- munlrmi IVrtinj arc his Judgr* aiK< l''jt(( 11' loners , tor ili'V have noIjiw<, nor (iuIiIk M4- gidrato, I) kci I' up any 1 irm ot Jiilticc anii.iij;(l them : Mwf yet a Man may j'oiniily buy off his I'unilhnicnt too, by making 4 Drinking-bout of Ciii. They make their Clolhcs i>t the Wool ot a very large l<>rt ot Shrrp, which Lrenfures they alio ul'c to rarry Hunienv T hry would r»t Icll any ol theli-, though they did ot another .Soif, not nuKh differing ti on the iDninion. .V/. ^Udrr'i IfUnd lici highteeh Miles trom hei'.e in ]y' 15 Soiiih Ijtiiude. Ilifi- they met with a Spamlh Ship that wai carrying lard anvl Meal to iranco and i-^iirpiiM, whuh they chalet! and toot;. 'I'ne 1*1101 ol thisShijt told tlKtii, they muld no; get back to Si. Man's Illmd l)erau(e ot the South Winds, and tlut there were I wo Mmol \S ar waiting for their conviig in .Irua ; l'|X)n which Inlorniation, they concluded to I41I to / ul J'artiifo, and, l^y that means, tjuitr loll their Vice admirn!, which might have othcrwile come up to them at lull. IJelhles, they concluded, that Ihc miffed the Mii .1 .'•V. Mary, i.jjon the wrong placing it in i'ljidui'i Mi\\ as high as ^S', when indecii it bes in <7' i^ . And this Krror they themfclves had t'aJIcn into, h*l not Cj|t.un Mfltiji lit tliem right by Ins Obtervations. And i( tamer lontirmcd them m their Refolutions not fo liiil bark to ^V. Mary's Iiland, to hear tjf t , Misfortune fit i>im9ti dt Cordes there, who was in a lnendly nunn;r itivitfd alljore, and then Initchricil by the Imitani, together with 'IwcLty-thrce ot hi.s Men, the treacherous Spaniards endeavouring to }^t his Two Ships info their Hanis, and fcmti;ig Inicliigciuc to /./«,», aiul all the Cctintr>- alxnir, of the AinvaJ lA the Duuh, and the Names of their Captai'is ami Lonimondcrs. l-or theic Ro-afons, tliry Iwnt their Cour'.e to /W /'rfrdf/tf, where th(y rook Two Shijs, and killed foinv IndiaHS, but the Spaniard^ wrnr all gone. 'V\\\% I'al i'aiaifo lies 111 ^j" South Ijmui'ei and, up in the tountiy, aK>ut l-.igiiten Miles dillant, lirs St. Ittrt, a J»)wn tlur affuids jim;., Smre ot red '.Vine a:id SJiccp, which they ki'l only t r tlie Suer, »ith which .dfnc they la^ic many VclTcls. Here ilii-y rct(i> -d Ix^ttcrs from the Captain ot the Fiyin^ Hart, one of Itrhagn's Com- pany, who was t!c.u!.croufly taken liy the 'p.wiardj; wlucli hard late, he Miiormctl them, lie hod avoided, hr \ he nifC been mifguidtd by ihc wrong placing ot Si. Mary's IHand in the Map to. At St. lagn ilKy intefcrpted fome Iz-tter^, which gavi- an Account of the Wars lietwee-i the Indians inii .^;> to tlic Sword, ami -rrying off man, Trrwps ul' Captives: Ihey burnt the Houfrs iiid C!iu>Lhis, and !\n;< k oil" the I leads of the Fopifh Imat^es, crying, Down to the (i(x)s of tiie Spaniards. 'I'hey traiiimal tlnir MoiJths with i ,ok\, and bid them latisty themlelves with iliat, tor the Sake of which their Votaries had made fo muiy barbarous Maffacres amongft them. BsJidcs all thi., thiy laid <];{■■ Suge to the City Impcriaie, and alinotl ftarvcd the Spanijh (ianlbn there. The valiant Indtans ttu: i.ndertiKik tins Acnon were ab ( the Trcafiire whiih the Malice of the Spamardi li.id roblxd them of, ami which othcrwifc they had fouml in thofc Shipj thev took at St. %». Mm Dilcovcry was thus m.»de : Nicula: Pttrrjhn, who wai Captain of the Priz'-, acquaintfrl the Admiral, that a Nc gro he hail on board, whofc Nam- was EmaHutl, \ix.\ informal him, thit there was a great (Quantity of (iokl n 1 boani the Ship, to the Amount, as he lielieveJ, of Thrr'- Tons, with which he was the Uttir acquaintei', liecaul himfelf had hrl])cd to carry a gn it Part of it «"\ board. The Admin!, ujion this Information, examined! Aftpaitr"} Pilot very clitily, who .u lirll retuti J. to own iny ning , but another Nr(;ro, wliofe N.. nr ^m SfhaJhcK, haiing admitted the lart, and aajuaii ted them wiili fon-c farth. r Cirrumll.inies, the Spanifh Pilot at !atl owiiekiii[', to ; 1 lit otherwile they would (ill a .Man a Basket of CVxoa fhrlh, with a linlc Uiic .1 Top, lor a B.isketof Ricr, ard whip a Sword out of the Siablwrd, .-uid fo ♦kip into the W.nter, and away tu the Ikittom, whither a Man mull go after them, if he inu'i to luv Satisfaction : And ihc Women were as good .it theIc Rogueries as the Men ; they wodd lle.il as impudent- ly, and dive as well to hide it. I ^ Ihe i;th, they lailed for tlie rb:lipph:a\ on the their Shii«. The Spaniards, who ate I oriis here, make rie Indians |uy leu lingje Kuls a I lead for tvety ctv ai«.vr Iwcnty Uaiw.ld. 1 hele ,K>or Creatures are moll- ly nat^d, and mark tluir Skins w.th ligures fo de • ;!y iiopreflcd, that iliry never wear our. K.ii.f.. ditcoveicd, but -..icr ha*'ii>g obuinal thcr Indj, ihiy tailed for the Streigli! Chap. I. Oliveh van Noort. 31 Stretght ol \famlhi i all tite Tnd approxchinp' 'o whirh, tliry ohfrtvcd, w,u wilfr, lurrrn, anci rocky. I icn a (ikI- drn null of Wiml froin the South-raft carried away their Mtili and Sailti, and irraicd thrm with more lury, tlun any thinf? they hj»A befnn met with. Ihc 2^d, fomc of them went jlhorr, and rar Patniilus and drank good Store ut Water, ufM which tliry were feizcd with die bloody Mux. The i(th, they rntcicd the .Streiglit iffetf, antl rilled by the Kland in i Mkift i and, in the Kvcning, pafled iIk Ifl.uid &/'(/. ^cwn Miles within the Strcight, near which tliry ftwn I Whirlpooh. ,11 faros they could dil- cuver, bot-.omlefi, 1 hry new croiidcd .Sad tur Manilla, which b l-jgtuy Miles trotn GVmi/, wtniring both Wind (o carry, and Kood Ma^n and a Pilot to i.\\n't\ thetn. 14. N'^tmh^r ■• they t'loka Junkol Ci>/M, laden with I'rovififHi for A. m.ia : The Mailer of this VtlTel gjV(; tiiem this IntelligtiKc i that there wen- r\\{nn Manilla Two j^reat Ships, diat ( amc every Year from A -w Spain thithtr, and J l^uh .Ship ailii, that was Ixiught at Malacca « that the Town was walkd 'loiit, .tnd there were Two Forts to Ipcurc tlie Sliip'i that 1 '' there : That there was .1 vail Trade from Cii' .1 thitii' , ■•'■> Wl\ than 4110 Ships cominp every Year Iroin Chiiif' ^ith .Silk and other v.iliiabic '.' huiRs between Eaftcr m id Df(eml>*r ; and particularly, (Itat Iwo Ships were Ihortly cxpe^ei! from JafaH, lailcn with Iron, and ctlKr Metals, ami Prnvilions. 'I he luh, iliiy took Iwo Barks ladin with Urns and IIoi^s, which were the iifxmi/h Tribute, hut Ixt.iine Meat for tin Dutch, as it happened, who lent tli< in a lew I inen Uults in the iixMn of it. They p-idrd die Illamb Bankingle and Min- ' <,re, right againft which is ihe llle Ijfu-kn, at Two Miles Diilancci and, between thnii borh, is another In' illcr Illuui, by which th'-re 11 .1 Ule Pan".i{!;e for Ships Ihc Iibiiil iMjifon is biggT than England and Scttlam. iml has a Ciufttr of fnuller lll.iruls aloui it : It is more b . , at this, hurried on with Rage, I ear, and l)t,lpair of prclerving thcmfclves any otiur Way, fought to (i) good I'urjHjIe, that, in a little time, ihey clcare,! thur own Ship, boarded t\\t Spanijh Admiral, and at lall lunk her. This Action coll tiiem no more tlum five Lives, and Twenty-fix more endangered by \Noum::., the wiiole Comp.uiy left being now but Thirty -five. But ot tlu- Spaniard* there were Icvcral I lun- dreds that perilled, j-aniy in the Fight, and partly drowned ami knoikcd on the Ikad .iftcr the Fight wasovir. The greatell Lofs the Duuh had was that of tlieir Pinnace, which eiiionntered rlie .''panifl) Viec-ailniiral, and w.is taken by her; which w.is no (hange Thing, ir)nfidtnng fhe h.ul iHit Iwintylive Men to light againll Five hundred Spa/ti- ardi and Indians. I .. From hence tlu y ft Sail for Borneo, the chief Town of the llleofth.it Nam , wluchis 180 Miles from MmilU, and li'. . .'.\ j' Nortii Latitude, ,\\ M.iniHa iloes m aUait 14" .yu' \ .iiul, in their Way to ir, palled by Bolutan, an Ifl.md 18;) Miles long. The 26th, they came to hor)ho, putting into a gre.it Bay, Thra- Miles in Compals, where there wa« koo»1 Aik horing, as tifa f^ thry traded hire Uir I'epirr with tli( Palaniiti,, .1 Sort much of the Soldier in their C oinixjOtion, that, il they receive any Affroiif, they preli-ntly revdige tluiiilclves ^^illl Dagg, r or Javelin ujion hnn that gives it. This a Dtif. h .Mati lucl like to havi proved to his Coll 1 for, having I une Way dilgufted one ofthefe Borm.iii Viragoes, On- lit upon him with a Javchn, and had dilpati li< d him, il llie liad not been prevtiited by main Force. I' hey are Mabciiietans in point 01 Religion, and lb very liiperlliiious therein, that tliiy'll fooncr die than talle any th ig that comes from a Swine \ neither will thry keep any 4 thole Creatures about ihcm. The better .Sort ol tl,' in h.iv> a Covcnn;^ of Linen Irom the Waift downward"*, and .1 Cotton To;bant on their Heads \ but the common People go ail naked. They chew a great deal of Beetle and Anicca in this Iiland, which \i allij a mightv Falhion in many otiv r Parts. 'I li • Dulcb, feing little I lope ot profitable Tratle here, faileil (or B.in- t.iin, not extremely well plcaled cither with t!ic Countiy, or It. Inhabitants. iti. J.inuary the 4th in the Night, Four Bon:'- ;r came to tlic Ship, with a Defigti to !iave cut their Cables, and fo to have brought tlie Ship .nground •, but, bein-^ difco- vcred, and pelted with Shot, they mar< iietl olV, leaving tlieir Praw h l-.ind them-, which the Duui> t^'ok inllcidof tlieir own Boat loll at Manilla. The luxt Day tl.ey nut with a Junk from Japtin, bound for \liinilla, which inform- ed tiiem ol a great Dutib Sjiip lurced by 'I'empeHs iito JiiptiH, all the Company (I which, by Famine and Sitk- nels, were I'.ead, to Fourteen •, that they tame firl^ t.i Bcn^o in i4' 40' North L.ititude, and .ift;rwards, by the King's Order, removed to .Itonzn m ^6' ,n) -. th.it they wue theie in a late Harbour, and hid Lilx-rty to trade, and build a new Ship; which ilone, they might dil'jHjfe of themfelvis as they plcaled. By this A< count, they doubted not but this Ship was rnbagen\ Adni.ral -, fo, difmiirmg tlie 7.;- ]cnc'<- V'efTel, they went on, and p.ufled the Li:ie a Ihiid tinn. iiiling in no little Fear and D.ingcr lor w.int ol .1 Pilot, .md gooil Charts. The i6ih, tiny took a Junk cf y.r, and in !ier a Ikiltul Pilot, who .ame in good Tin-,: tij lave them from Shijiwreck, whicli oth.rwile, in all Lik.ll- hood, h.ad been their F'ate in thofc Seasi for now they h.ul but one Anchor left, and the Cable of that .ilmoll worn o'.it ; and, bilidcs, h;ul fi) many Slio.ils and Itluids .ibouc tluin on every Side, that it was ;in e.ify M.ittirfor a .Miip, .1 Stranger there, to have mifcarricd. Some of thelV I'.l.au's were Binlii and Ciitifata, which yield Diamonds, that are liild at Malacca. The 2Sth, they came to Jcrt.m u; on th^ llle oija-.u where they had News of Dutih Ships .it /'.j»;- lam. The City confills of about 1000 'I'imber I loiiiis. The King co'nmantis a confidciMl-ie Parr ot that In.; ot the Iiland, and had lately cone|iieicd Bul.'miHu:!!, ^ li'-t^c Iiland, th.it lies jull by the South-call ol Jjft,':. Tiv V arc laid to be Mubometans in the Cour.try tluieabeui ■, thi>' the Pagods in life Hill fem to argue Ibme Kind, of Mix- ture ol the old Luiiiut Siii>.rllition wiiii tliat of \L:b m;:, .r at leall a Toleration of it in the Whole airon:i,ll the ef;m- nion People. Their chief Pricll is an old .Man ot' \:.\ A wh) :>f« IL ■n J !■ I I,- W 1 s^. V ^, WS^. ^. »- N .<^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ■^ 1.0 mm m2 I.I 1.*^ 1^ i^ // %.*^. ^ llli^^SI^S IMII^^^^s llllls^s^s ■* < 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WiST MAIN STRUT WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) 872-4503 1« The V O Y A G E S tf Book I ) ,13 ;i'i- i <'■ I Ui: f ", %ho has a good round Familf of WivM \ and the old Man lives on nothing but the Muk, which he fucks ftwn his Wives Breath. Sailing hence, they £iw a oreat Ptrlupufi Ship of 600 Ton (tick on dte Shoall. She wm going to j^mioiHa, on a Dcftgn of ingrofSng all that Trade to har- fcU, and was thus Rbppod by the Way i at kaft, thit wai the Account the Ptrtt^tft gave of her, iho* the GkMral liifpeaed, that the aftually put to Sea ih order tocniife for them V and therefore they were the lefs concerned for her Misfortune, and the lefs cateflil In afliftlng her Crew, oon< filling originally of 6 or 700 Men, of which many were ftill on board her, and in Danger of perilhing. 1 7. Ftbnary the fdi they paflied the Strdghts betwaen BaUmioa and lUtj \ and, leaving Jmv North-eaft from them, on the 1 ith they found themfeh^ca in 1 ^* South la- titude, and then dircdled their Courfe to the Cape of G—i Hop*. On the i8th they had the Sun vertical at Noon, being then in ti° 20'. and here a Calfl) began that lafted Eleven Days. NUtrtb the i ith they came into 24* 45* ; and the 24th into 28* 10'. yipril UiC ift tliey made 30* 50 ; and the 1 9th (having been confidcrably retarded be- tween crofs Wimls and Calms) they were forced to leflen their Mcafures of Water -, but the a.ith at Night thry law a Light like Fire about Four Miles to the Noith-wtft, Larki now lieing near \ whereas thi-y reckoned themfclvts 4oo Miles from the Cape, and not being aware of their Approach to any other. The 25th they were in ^4' :?5' i and now the Calms gave them Libeny to mend thtir Saiis. At Niglit they law another Fire, ai>d the next Morning Land, bearing North-eafttrly. The aTth thi.7 came into ^4° 40, and within Six or Seven Mills of the Land. Mtiy the 21', they made 55* 151 and the next Morning law, between the Fad and North, fomething like the End of an iriand, about Six Mi> nefs of their Mifcrics excufe, but by die Second Peribn in the Fleet, and who, in cait any Acckleht hod beiiillcn the General, woukl hive become the Firft of i ourie. This Aft of Juftirc was prrformeil with much Solemnity and Circuinijiection : 1 le was proceciied a^inft for Breach of the Articles c'.bbiiihed and fwom to More they proceeded on the Voyage, h:id Time atbweil him for his Dcicnee* and, en a titir Hearinp, was condemned to be deimed in the Streights of Magellan, having only a' fmall QuuttbQa.\r them Inull Giafs Wares ; but, lee- ing lo many Men, and being afraid, they ran away in the N.ghr. The General, laving tound a convenient Place tor die ^iick, lent ti.cin ihitiier, and each Captain lukl his own i^iarter. Capt.un Rotkbolt comn^antled the little Camp, und he liad, Ixlides tlic lick, luine fouiul Men to defend ir. The next l)jy, the Admital lent the Viec-admiral to wait on the King ol that Country with lorn; I'rcknu, in t.n!< r to procure Pnjv.fiuiii : But h: tame back the 1 :th, and bn^ught ncthin;^ bjt a i len, .uid a lew Platanes or Ba- li, j-.as ; lo that they wee lurcetl to be contented with a tew 1 letb', tiiry tu'jnd in ili 1 iclds, as Crellirs, Sea Par- lley, fonK Apples witliont any niajiiing while with the Negroes, and in the Service of dii-ir King V lb that he could Ipcak a little of their Language. He i)romifed ths Duiib to obtain of the King all the Pro- vifions they wanted •, upon which, the Genital fent Cap- tain deH'^eeri, wiih Two Sloops along with him, to fptak to the King. lliS Majcfly, having Notice ot" the deligned Vifit, put himfelt in the fincft Dret and litjuipage he could to receive him : Di H'^etrt, being intnxluccti to tlie King, found him, with his Attendants abowt him, fitting upon a Stool a Foot high, like a Shoemaker's Stool, an I a Shccp's-skin under his Feet \ he Iwd a purple Cloth Co.ir, embroidered with falfc Gold without Lining, which looked like a Pilot's W atch-coat \ he had no Shirt, no Shoes, no Stockings, but a kind of a Cowl or Cap upon his Head, which was yellow, red, and blue : He lukl his Face pow- dered all over with Arties to appear whiter ; but one inigiu for all that fee, that he was black. For a royal Ornament, he had about his Neck a Glafs Bead Necklace -, hu Gcn- demcn fat round about him, their Skins were all over painteil with Red, and their Heads covered with the Fea- thers of Cocks. By the King's Seat was another little St(X)l, covered with a Mat tor the Dutch Captain, who, having faluted him after the F'artiion of the Country, fat down by him. He told him, by his Interpreter, the Oc- cafiun of his coming thither i and complained, thatthcln- lubiiant.s, widiout any Pretence or Rcafon, had Iclt their Habitations, and run away : That the Duub were their Friends, and only came into his Country to trade fairly with them, infomuch that they might fafely return to their own Dwellings again : 'I'hat the Duub ofiered to make an Al- hancc with them, and with tiie King, wltom thry would vilit often \ that they woukl bring all Things the Inhabi- tants wanted, and defired them to let them have the necelTary I'rovifions and Refrelhments, fuch as Fruit, howls. Sheep, and other Cattle, tiering to give to the Natives in Exchange any of the Mcrelundize they had on board their Ships. The King, having heard, with great Attentioti, Captain dt fVetri's Speech, told him. That the DuJeb were very welcome mto his Country, and that he would order they (hould be iupplied with all NecclTanes they wanted. Then he brought Je If'tert into hii Palace, wluch was more like a Cow-rtall : There the King gave him a Kkl, and a few Bananas, for fmall Pieces ot Limn Cloth and Iron. While they were preparing fomething to eat, the Captain's Five Trumpeters and Mufieians fouiidtd and played hnciy : The King was mightily plcal'ed at that j but lie ik'etrl^ who was hungry, would have been better Slcali:d to have had fome Viduals. After a long while, the .ing's Wives bioughr, in a wooden Difh, fome Bananas nulled, and dried or fmoked Fifh, or rather Pieces of a Sea-horie, of whidi the King eat but Ibberly, and the Cap- tain hardly tafted them, being not as yet ufol to fuch Vic- tual. Then they prel<:nted lum Palm-tree Wine, a fort ot Drink tliat is very unjileuTant to thole that are nut uled to it. The King intrcated de H tert feverol times to eat j the Dilh being taken away, they fcrved nothing ellc. The Captaui was the iiH>re furprifed at to lender a Fcall, becauli: he taw the King llrong, and in better Health tlan thole who live in Plenty of all rhing.i, and eat the belt of Viv^uals. D* IVurl, who wao very hungry, told the King he woukl treat lum with lome ot the I'rovifions he hail brought widi iiim : Su the Dtud laid a Napkin, and fcrvtil up a Piece of Biead, with fmokcil Beet, Cheele, and a Butlc of Sack. 'I'hc King liked their Viduals iu well, tlut he cat heai tily, and ilraiik lo much, that Itc was obliged to go to lltep. in the mean while, the Captain took a Walk about the Town, which had not at>out 200 Houfes in it. .About Fvcning, not feeing the King, he- thought to have r. turiKd on board hisSkx>p with his Men, in order to '^iiy dierc all Night -, but he law a great Num- ber ot Negroes, armed with Bows and Arrows, who hail {MireH'cd thrmlches of the Avenues, and would nth, in the Alternuun, they arrived under that Idand : The Ailmval having detached Two Sloops with Captain Dirrick to go on Shoie, tlie Porlugucfe and the Negrties oppoffd them : But Dirrick telling them they were come as Fricnils, and only to buy Rrtreihments, they promtfcd to fupply them \ but it being too late to go and fpeak to the Governor, tliey defired the Dutch to ftay till the next Day, and then they would cert;unly turnilh them with I'ro- vifmns. 10. On the 1 7th, in the Morning, they fent Two Sloops alhoie •, but they found a great many Men armed with Fu- fils, * ho told them, thar, if they came near the Shore, thi7 would look upon thrm as Enemies. The (icncrai, having Advice of it, armed all the Sloops, and fent thim mhnre under the Command of Captain Bockbolt, and the S( I Jrant m-ijor ; thi- Sloops ma bold* for the future, as to dildbey him. Then lie fent a Party of his Men, well armed, who brought into llieir little Camp Tw< nty- fcvcii Heail of Cuttle, which Prilr was more agreeable to them, than if they had takrii fome of their Fnemies Pri- foncrs i howi vtr, tluy were 16 catclclii, they loft the belt Part of their Booty. I'he i4tli, the Admiral detached an- other Party of 1 50 Men, with Orders to ailvance into the Country, and to the Mountain, where they found the Pcr- tuguefe intrenched, who fell upon thrm, and put them in Diforder : However, the /Jk/i/', lofnig no CourajT, conti- nued their March up the Mountain, and found 1 wo Paf- fages ; upon which they divided in Two Companies, who got up to the Mountain by caili ol tlicli; Ways, with much Fatigue : Being advanced pretty nigh, the Portu- guefe Ihot at them, aiitl threw down many Stones ; Cap- tain de IVeerl'h FVilign, who led them, was killed with a Mufquet-fliot, anil many more were wounded : But the Dutch, not difcouraged, |^ui up the Mount.iin, put the Enemies to Flight, and took the Fort, where they found A Ton of Bifcuit hid under (jral!), Two /)«/(* Cheefcs, and fome F.arrhen Pots full i)\' Spitmjh Wine. I'hey burnt the Two HouI'ds that were near the Fort, wiiich wtrv,- full of Cotton V anil, after this l'lx[icdition, returned to their own Camp. 1 1 . The Air of the Ifland of /timohn being worfj than that of Cuittty, the Dilcil'es anion(^', the Seamen encrcalbd every Day i therefore 'Jmmttry i. 1509. ihiy rclblved to put to i>ea \ but, before their i)eiiarture, tluy buried their IX-ad, and burnt the Huts, and the Church. Ihe next Day they failed for the Strright of .KfogeUan, with a De- fign to ftop no-wheie elle. I'lv lad, they pnilld the Shelves and Rocks ot Brii/il, culled by the Poriuguefe ylb- cotbos. March 9, one ul the Viie-admiial's Seamen, who had feveral timci broken ojien the t ook's Cupboard, and ftolen Bread, was, by Council, condemned to be hanged on the Bowfprit Maft, Alxjut that Time th^ Sick began to be better, ami they got fo good Stomachs, that their Share was not iiifficient. The nth, the Fleet being near the Kie de Plata, the Sea Hi)|)carcd us red as Ulowl : They drew up fome of the Wuicr, and found Abundance of fmall red Worms in it, which leaped out of it like Fleas i fome are of Opinion, chat thefc Worms come out of the Whale's Belly in certain Seafons of the Year. F'iglit Days after, an Englift> .Seaman died llrangely on board the Fi- delity : He was eating very heartily, when, on a fudden, he fell down upon his Buck, rolling his Kye.t, foaming and f|)eeihlefs, ami expired in that Conditicn. Two Days alter, a young Man of Ulrtcbl lell fuk of the fame Diftem- per, and was hkc a Mailman, tiiting, lighting, andlcratch- ing every body : 1 le was 1 .irncd into Ins Cabin, where he was rhree Days and Three Nights without eating: The fourth Day he began to nuiifcr lomc Words, and devoured a Bilcuir they gave him, but ui tail he died miferably -, for he wiLs io r.nleiefs, that he < ould not clean himfcif, or void his F.xcrenviiis in a regular Way : and it being then very cokl, the Moilhirf tliat was aliout him freezed, and be- numbed his liflh, inliiiiuidi that thi-y were Ibrced to cut off his l-tgs, 12. Jptll), the Ships got into the .Strcight •, .ibout F.vcning tliey call Anchor under the Icall of the Two iflands 1)1 PeiiguiHj, Fuurteen 1 .eti(-;ues off the Mouth ot the .Streight \ there tluy liiw great <^iantitics of thofc Birds called Pliingeons, beeaule ihry dive into the Water to catch l-irti: Tliry killed I hiilrrn or fourteen with Sticks, and could have killed enow for th(|' whole Fleet, but that they would not lol'e Time, nor the Op|H)rtunity of tlic fair Wind. The glli, thry pui to Sea a^!,ain, .•uul the next Day the General lint liliy Men alhuie, to tee whether they could find any Inhaliiiaiufi and t.attle •, but, having walked about Three l.eagueialonf, the Sea Side, they found nothini, On the 1 jth, tliry uirivrd in a line Bay, Ona- aml-twtnty l.cagutsolV the Mouth ol the Streight, called by tlte hHt^ltJh, Mujl'tl HiIy, beeaulc of the great Q^uantitics of Mullels tound ihcie, In that Place tluy provided them- li:lves with fielh Water mid VSood, which are there very plentiful. The 1 7fh, they failed between Two rocky Coalts, and lay lo wluli', and lb high, that they tliought they i um.i 4^ 7hc V o Y A c;; e s of Ecok 1. •:<' % they flwiiltl nfvcr pet i]uoi(;li. The Mounrains were rovcral with Snow. 1 In- i Stli, they call Anclior in a Bay to the Noithwaui in 54 Kititiide, calloii the Ctains were ortlercd to be prefent, with a Cane in tlieir Haruls, when their Seamen cat tiieir Meals, becaufc many of them would fell their Sluirc ot Viduals at a great Kate, and, upon that Score, chufe rather to be without it, and fill their Stomachs with raw MulTels, arui green I lertis, which oicafioned Dropfies, and rctluced them at laft to a languilhing and dying Condition. But the Officers wer.* lb caretiil, ani'. lb exact, in diilributing the Proportk>n of Viduals, tha' the 2 2d oi .Iprtl Iwo Seamen of the Yacht were comlcmned to I>ath for luving ftoln fome Oil in the Hokl of the l.ime Yacht ; however, there was but one of them hangcil, and the other was whipt. ij. May ~. the Vice-admiral was detached with Two Sloo[)fi into an IHand over-ogainil the (Jreen Bay, to catih fome Sea-dogs. I le found Seven Canoes, or fmall Boats, withSavageson board, that were IVn or Eleven Foot hiyh, OS well as he could oljrcr>T, of a reiidilh Colour, and with long Hair. As fook lorMullels, Roots, Herbs, and fuch VktuaJs .is tlu y toiild lind. Being fepa- rated one (roni another, a Cunipany of Savages fell on a ludden upon them, Ivilloi Three, ami wounded Two. Tliey tore in Pictcs the tiift I'lirec , uiui were going to do tljc like to the wounded I wo, it Captain de Cordes had not come to ihur Relict. rhele .Savages were ail naked, ex- cept one, who lud a Sea-dog Skin alwut his Shoylders. They had wok> tu ibc Hi into a I'innacc : Siic was named tiir PtJIiUsrii and the Seconil I'llot of the Admiral was Mafterof her. Captain de H'ecrt, luving no more Provilions lor Broth, anil being obliged tt» give Biliuit to make fome, landed July 17. to catch Sea-dogs •, while he was alhore, io great a Storm arofe from the North-weft, that he was obliged to ftay Two Days and Two Nights without being able to come on board his Ship again, and could catch nothing. 14. .hgufi I. the General ordered all the Officers am! Seamen to Land \ and, though the Show was pretty thick upon the Shore, he would have the Minifter to lay Prayers, and make a Sermon, tu thank God Almighty, that he h,-id prcfcrved them in fo dangerous a Voyage, and to beg his Afliftance for the Time to come. The great Sufferings they had endur«t in that Bay, then called the Grten Bay, and the \aA of 120 Men who died there, made them name it the Bay of it Ctrdts, becaufc de Cerdts was their Admiral, when they were aflfli^ed with thele Accidents : And, in cflfct^t, they went thitxigh the grtateft Hartllliips in the World i for, befides Hunger and Cold, they were expofal to the Injuries of the Air, Winds, Rain, Snow, and Hail, till the 23d of ^iiguft : Then they fet Sail with a North-eaft Windj but the next Day the Weather was lb calm, that they were obliged to put into a great Bay lying Southward. To perpetuate the Memory ot fo dan- gerous and extraordinary a Voyage into a Strcighr, into which no other Nation had yet ventured to fail with fo great ami fo many Shijis, the General erefted an Oalcr of Knight- huoi!, and made the Six chief OHkrers Knights of ir. They obliged thcmfelvcs by an Oath, never to do or con- tent to any thing againll their Honour and Reputation, whatever Dangcis or Flxtremities they fhoiikl be expofetl to, not excepting Death itielt -, or to do any thing pre- jiulieial to the Intertft of their own Country, or to the Voyage thfy had already begun. They alio folemnly pro- militl, they would freely expofe their I jves againft all the Enemies of their Nation, and to ufe ail their Endea- vours to profper the DuKb Arms, and conquer the Spanijb Dominions, from whence the King of SfaiM got fo much Gold and Silver to make War againft them in the Loiv Countries, and opprefi them. This Ceremony was per- formal aftiore upon the Eafterly Coaft of the Streight, as well as the Place and the Occafion would permit it, and the Order was named the Order of the Lien fit free : They alio ere^ed a Table upon a high Pillar, on which the Names of the Knights were written, and the Bay was called The Bay ef Knights ". 15. The 28th, they failed out of that Bay, and put into another litde one a League off. There they were be- calmed again. Then the Admiral commanded de U^eert to go aftiore with his Slotm, to remove the Table that was fet up in tiie Bay of Kmghts, and tranfport it to a more convenient Place. But as he thought to double the Point ot the Bay, he faw above Eighty Savages fitting u{)on the Ground, who had near them bight or Nine Canoes, or little Boats % as foon as they faw the Skx>p, they made a difmal Node, and Signs to invite the Seamen alhore. Bui the Captain, who had but a fmall Complement of Men, returned on board the Ship, The Savages, feeing him go to his Ship, ran as faft as they could acrofs the Woods along the Shore, hallowing ftill, and nuking Signs to the Dutch to come aftiore. The General, being informed of this Ailventure, fent immediately Three Sk»ps, well armed, to the Shore, but they found nobody : Yet they faw the Marks ot the Inhabitantt j for they had uken out of tin Ground the Corpfc of the Dutchmen who had been l»urie ■ff Chap. I. SeBALD bE WEERt. 41 on board \ and the Fidtlity wai obliged to do the fime : Captain dt If'eerl was failing dofe after the Admiral, who was bciore, when an Accident happened in the great Yacht, that hail the Wind of the h'iJtUty^ which obliged him to furl his Satis, and lie by with tlie Yacht, and the fidelity, that had loft her Sloop. The Admiral continued his Courfe, thinking the other Ships failed afcer him, and that theFoghindenxi the Watch from feeing them i but the Vice-admiral, who followed them, was alfo obliged to furl Ins Sails i immediately after, the Fog was lb thick, that they could not one Ice another, though they kept clofe together. Stpitmhtr 3. the Two Yachts loft their Ships, but ihcfe Three kept together till the next Day j then tlic Atlmiral gave the Signal to lail with all the Suib, thinking Two Yachts were gone before. Two or Three 1 lours attcr they difcovcred them, and ftaid for them, with great Joy. When tJiey were Joined again, Dircks Geriijz lent tiic Pinnace, or die PoJiUioH, to the Admiral, to defire him to t-nJ him his Car|)cnters \ but he could not, bccaule they were fick : However, ihofe of La\it/xndetVeert and de Ctrdes went, whkh proved a great Damage to their .''liips, viz. the Faith, and die Fidtiity \ for tiiey never Ciw tiieir Carpenters again, the Wind Ihifting on a fudden : I'hen die Sea began to be fo ftormy, that the Yacht was forccil to furl her Sails again, as well as the Vice-admiral alio, who was ahead of the Faith; and tlic FideHty did the like : But in the Nigltt the Yacht, and the Vice-admiral, put up their Sails again, without making any Signal that was ken by the Two other Ships, who continued to lie by, being pcrfuided that the ^'ke-admi^al, and the Yacht, did the tame. But, when the Day came on. tJic Captains of the 'I'wo lirlt Ships were extremely troubled, at not feeing the Two other Slups : Dt h'terl was very much concerned to have no Mailer with liini, and but Two old Pilots, with s few Seamen, who were lick and weak through the Cold ami Dampnefs of tiic Weutiicr, tliough they had a good I- ire hJight and Day. 17. On the 1 6th, the North-eaft Wind was fo violent, that the Two Shijis ^ere every Moment in Danger of (inking. The Ciallery of d»c F«i.>h cracked above an inch, and the \N avv;s of the Sea beat (o much upon the i'ldtliiy, that the Si-amcn were in Water above the Knees. The other Ship was in no Icfs Danger i for (he hod (prung ■jL Leak, and lo (all of W atcr, that they were obliged to pump Night and i3ay, and could Ijardly preferve her. At laft, alttfr an exact Sc.irv.h, they tound the Leak, and Ito'pt it. 1 heic Two Ship were Twenty-four Hours in this deplorable Condition in the South Sea, fpooning all the while, ami going without Sails \ bclides that the Seamen were diii.-ontcnted, and grumbleti, though rach of them had Two Ounces o\ dry Pi(h a Day, and a reafon- able Share of Bifciiit. But they were fo hungry, that diis *as not fulficicnt. They iiled to fill their Bellies with MuiTets in the Streight, and could not brook the want of them, fo that the Captains had much ado to pacify them. The 26th in the Night, they fell in with tlicCoaft upon the North Side of the Streight by a Miftake ; for Oiey thougl\t they were Twenty Leagues off the Land. In the Morning, the Crew of the Faith, dilcovering the Land, were in great Danger \ for the Wind driving the Sliip towards the Coaft, they faw Two Rocks juft before them, which they (xxild not avcud, but by doubling them. 'I'he FiJtlity,thax was a great Way before, and now lay by, hm\ not bt:en fo exjxifed ; for, having difcovered the Rocks in time, Hie faileil on the other Side. They were Three 1 .eafjues oft" tlie Streight wlicn they faw the Land, and tlie WVlterly Wind blowing fo hard, that they could not bear ott", the Two Captains alblvcd to get into the Streight attain, to (ind a gooil Road, and Hay for a fair Wind. Thi-n they did not doubt, but they might overtake the otlar Ships, wliich could not be far gone, feeing they had screed together, that, in rale ot any Accident, they (houlil tl.iy Two Months in the Ulaiid of Saula Maria one for another. About I'.vening they arrived in the Soudierly Point of the Mouth of the Streight, and were driven by O.K Currer.ts Six or Seven Leagues off" into the Streight, where they anchored in a very gooil Road, and had pretty fair Weather till the laft of Siftember ; 'Ihcn the furious Ciills of South-wcftcrly Winds forced them to diop Numb. IV. Three Anchors. The Summed ipproacliinR, they were in Hopes of fairer Weather j but, for the Iwo Months time they ftaid there, they had fcarcc a fair Day to ilry their Sails. They called th!A}ia.y theBay ofTrcmkIt, becauli; they endured therein for Twenty Days the greatelt I'rouble and Danger imaginable, being obliged continually to go afliorc to fetch (bmc (brry Nourifliment, fuch as a few Birds, and fome MulTcls and Snails, that they found in the Rocks. 18. Offeier i8. the Two Ships, not being able to fub- fift any longer in that Bay, failed again a League farther into the Streight, where they found a better Bay than die laft, and caft Anchor upon the Coaft. 'I'lie 22d, they were in Danger of pcrilhing by a violent Storm ; but, about the Break of Day, a Calm fucceeded. The conftant Work of the Seamen was to go afhorc to get fome Viftuals, when it was kiw Water, and to fetch in fome Wood and frefli Water, when the Tide came in ; fo that they hail no time to dry themfelvcs, though they had a good Fire Night and Day : In a Word, during the whole Nine Months they fpent in that Streight, they had fcarce an Opportunity to take the Sails oS" the Yards to dry them, fo frequent were the Returns of Rain and Storms. In fo deplorable a Condition they waited for better Weather ; but, in the mean time, were cxpofed to Wet, Cold, high Winds, and fuch other Inconveniences, which kept them continually at Work. But, after all, they did better by failing into die Main, which was fmooth, and wlicre no- thing was to be fiared but Winds •, whereas, if they had anchored in any Place, they would have been expoled to the Surges and violent Waves of the'Sea, and the Anchors could not preferve them from imminent Danger. The chief Caufc of the Stamens imirniuring was, that fome of them gave out, that there would not be Bifcuit enough for their Return into Holland, if they continued here longer. TheCaptain, having Notice of it, went intothe Bread-room, and came out of it with a chearful Countenance ■, and told the Seamen, that there were Bifcuit and Prbvifions enough (or Fight Months, though, in Faft, there were not Pro- vifions for above Four Mondis. But the Captain was refolved to ftay rather a whole Year for the fair Weather, than to go ; and, in cafe the Weather fliould continue as bad as it was, he dcfigneil rather to (ail to the Eaft Indies to look for the Fleet. At length, after they had ftiiid in the Streight till the 21I of December, the Wind turned North-eaft, and immediately they weighed Anchor. But, being got i-catly to liiil, they could not get off" into the Main, betaulo of the Whirlwinds riling between the Hills and the Bottom of the Bay. The Fatth was driven ib near the Land, that one coulil ftep to the Shore from the Gallery, (b that they were in great Danger, and would have certainly been loft, if the Wind had continued ftrong. The next Day the Storm was quite over, and, at tbb-v/ater, the Two Ships got out of the Bay, which they called the Gofe Bay : But they went out inaufpicioully ; for, after that, they never caft Anchor together, and that very Day diey anchored Three Leagues farther under the Wind than they had done before, and at a League off one from another. 19. The 8th, they endured a more violent Storm than ever ; the Wind was (b ftrong, that the Waves were Ibme- times higlier than the Marts i and the Storm lafted Two Days. On die loth, the Wind finking, Captain de IVeert went into his Sloop, in order to board the Fidelity ; but, having doubled the Point, he (aw no Ship, or any Signs of a Shipwreck -, lb he went back, full of Sorrow, The next Day, he rowed towards a Gulph, where he faw a Mali near a low Point. Then his Sorrow gave place to Joy i for he went on board the Fidelity, and told them what Ap- preheniions he had been under. He was obliged to leave his little Boat, to help to hale the Anchors and the Cabks, which the Fidelity had loft. Then he took his Leave, in order to return to his own Sliip ; but he little imagined, that it was the laft Farewcl, and that he Ihould never lee Captain de Cordes again. The frcouent Storms, and other Inconvcniencies, having dil'couragcd tlic Seamen, who were out of Hopes of ever returning into Hvlland, and who thought dicy (liould ftarve for want ot Provifions, Captain de IVeert, the next Day, which was Sunday, invited them M *11> 4i Tte V OY kGES of Book I. 'm '^i} M oti, hut thefc that wpre fifk, to a grrat Dinrw of *G<*fc, Ducks, and other Birds, that they Jiad kilW. While they were merry at Dinner, the Ciptain exhorted them to have l^«ticnce ; and reprelentcd, that God Almighty never for- likei thofc, who jmt thtjr Truft in him. He aifo thanked them for their fidrlity, and the Services and Hardftips they had run thro" till now. 'i'hi» Speech proved very el- triftiul \ for the Seamen took Courage again, and rowed towardt the Wefterly Fart of the Bay, to go alhore, and frtih fome ^'iLhla!s. As foon as they had doubled the Point, they liw I hrec Canoes, with Savages on board them; who, prrniving the Sloop, went immediately aftiore, and liTainblcd up to the Tops of the Mountains, like Monkeys. Ihc Duuh went on Ixxird the Canoes, ami found only a tew yuing I'itiiigrniis, wooden Cirapples, wild Bralh Skins, and other liftl. rhir^s of no Value, which ilu-y left in the Boats. Ihf n tlwy went alhore, to fee whether the Sa- vages h.id Iml any tlung. They faw, on the Foot of the Mountain, a NVonun, with Two Children, vA\n did what Ihe could to run away v but Die was taken, with both her Childicn, and ciriicil onboanl, without Ihewing any Con- cern at all. She w.is ol a middle Size, with a big Belly, of a rcildilh CcNiur i her Countenance was very hcrce, aiul her Head was Ih.ivnl, according to the Fafhion of that Comitty ; But the Men have k>ng Hair, and never cut it. For Ornanirnt, llie had Snails Shells lunging about In r Nrck, and a Sea ili^g's Skin about her Shoukitrs, tied un- der hrr riiioat with GutHnngs. The reft of her Bong Festhers, (he opened them with Muflel-lhells, cutting them firll behind the Riiiht Wing, and then above the Stomach. AlttT that Ihf drew the Guts out, and, having laid the I ivrr a little upon the Fire, eat it aimed raw. Sheclcanwl the Cii/.zard, and e.«t it quite raw, .is well as the reft of the Bird. Hrr Children eat alter the fame manner i one was a (nrl about Four Years old, and the other a Boy Six Months old, who liail the greatcO Part of his Teeth, and could go alone. She look»-d very grave and fcrious, while 'Ihe wai eating, tho' the Seamen burft out with laughing. Atrr -, ainl, when (he flrpt, (lie was all in a Heap, holding the young Infant N tween hrr Arms, with his Mouth to her Brcalt. They krj.t '.er Iwo Days on board, but, the 14th, the Wejthcr Ix-ing fair, the Captain fent her afliore again, and pave iier a Gown, a Cap, and (ilat-beads for a NrckLac^- and Bracelet". 1 1<- alfo prelentevl her with a little Fooking-glafs a Knife, a Nail, an Awl, and other Toys ot (hull \ alue, with which fhc was extremely plrafed. They ttllu cloatlieii tlic Btr 16. they difcovered a Sloop to th-- Wellward, making towards them. Some of them thougiu it was Captain df Cordii'% Sloop ( txhen imagined it th.- Sk>op of a Ship Ix-longing to the Fleet, that was come into the Streight, or an Engli^ Sloop i but others guctTed Ut- ter, thinking it was Olivtr dt Nnrt't Sloop going to mret the Ftiik, which he had feen from behind a Point Tluec 1 .eagues otf that Place where he lay at Anchor. This un- expc(^ted Meeting was Matter of great Joy to the Seamen, who were in Flopes, that the General was well. The Cajv tain received with a great deal of Kefpeft the Sk»p's Crew, who were all vigorous, and in ()erted Health, and who, amongit other things, toki him, that they had catchcd above 2000 Birds in the great Ifland of Pngmnt. 1 hcl'- Worils made the other Seamens Teeth water, and everv one wilhcd himfclf in that Ifland. Many of them were bul ! enough to tell the Captain, that they muft go tin her, wlierr they might as well tlay for the tair Wind, as in any other ^lai^c \ and that it was but One league out of the Way : But the Captain declared to them, tnat he would not de- part from the General. The next Day, the General hini- felt came to vifit the Captain -, and, the Day following, the whole Fleet joined him. The 2d, the Wind turning to the .South-weft, all the Ships fet Sail Having failed Two or I'hree Hours, d4 It^/ert diTiied the General to lend him hn Slfxip, and Three or Four of his Men, to go before, and tell Ca|)tain de Cerdtt to get himfelf ready to fail with tJu' Meet. The General freely gave him his Sloop i and at IVetri, n^wing along a tiiiall Ifland, about which he had tailed l)ctore, j)erccived Two Fires i and, becaulc he ncv(r liiw any Savages in the Iflanil, he thought fomc of CaptJi:: de Cordtt'i Seamen were there : Therefore he went athore , but met with nobody, and went on board again, and juineu the Fleet. His Ship was now become very foul, and couli not follow the other Ships -, and, for that Keafon, wliei the was off the Bay of lie Knights at Ebb-water, the w.u forcetl to tail back into the old Place. The next Day, the was cxpofed to the fame .\ccident within a Cannon-thot 1 1 the other Ships, and that bifaufe the was to pal's through a very narrow Lhancl, into which ran Two Currents, or.r from the Fott, and the other trumtJie Weft of the Streight, which, line ting together, made a rifing Surge, that lii. Ship could not mailer. Dtctmbtr 14. they tried again lu double the Point, behind whkh the Fleet lay at Aiichc; . but they could not do it ■, tor, when the Tide came ui, :: drove them into the fame Place again. The Captain, feeiri; it iinptifTible to double the Point with that Wind, refolvcJ to flay till ir cli.uiged, lift he Ihould fatigue his Men ti» much: But the General, iho' the Wind was contrary, laiiti! away, to look lor a more convenient Road. Then d: IFeeri loll -Siglit ol the Fleet, tho' he was not far olT, Ix'- raulc he anthorrd behind a rifing Giound. Deiyeerl, dtipw ing to j(;ui the Meet again, .ind feeing he could not tubiilt without a Sloop, <(r a little Boar, onicred, tliat the Pircrt of a large old Sloop, which were in the I lold of (he Sliif. ihould lie tak.n out, in order to build another that vi r; I>iy, which was (J>rijitnas Day 1 but, the next Day, th;- Wind Ix-Hig North, he put otf the Work, m Hope-. ■ : getting into the iiitie Bay, which was a l.a:ague fardicr lU"- the Bay of ite K»ij(bls, and in which he might build tlic Sloop with more Cimvenicnc y ami Safety 1 Init the Viokii^i: of the Windtoiced Ilim back again into the Bay ot'dfCuiJi , live Ivcagues oH where, the 26th and 27tJi of the U''.'' Month, tlury tiuiuied 16 gnat a bturm, that the Scaii.C' began to iiiuimiir again, pan icuLrly becaulc tluy had I cm a Fortnight without eating MulieK, and lud had notln^L' but a liiiall Pro|)ortiun ot Bill UK and (Jii to tubfift on. 1 •'>•' Captain, Itcing tlicni to inl'ulci.i, called thciii all toilet!-' Chap. I. SEbALD DR WEERt. 4} in hit Cabin, give them good Words, and dtfircd their All vice OS to wliat was bed to be done in this difficult Con- limdlurc. Some were of Opinion, they (hould go to Rio dt Plata with ti« Sloop only, and leave the Ship, telling the Purtu^uefi they were forced to it, becaufc the Enghjb gave her LIuce ( other* were for failing into St. tielma, to take in irclli Frovtfipns ( biit they did not confider, that it was unpoinhlc to get to that Idaiid by the Weft. JebH Outgctz (he i'llot faid, they could not do better than to go upon the I on nothing without Captain de Cordis'% Confcnt. In the mean time, he ordered that the Sloop fliould be built t and January i . lOoo. hi- went on board his new Skwp, and llccrcd her hiiutt-if alhore ibr the bettci caulking ot her. i I . In the Alternoon, having doubled the Southerly Point, he dilcovcred the Two Sloops of General Oliver ■jun Niert , who, being put back to the Bay of Knigbis, and cunic to fee whether the Faith wxs^lbll in the Bay of \ their Holes, a Savage Woman, who liad hid hcrftlf ilurc all the while the Seamen remained on the Illand. When (jt» neral Oli.rr landed in that Ifland, the Savages kilKil Two of his Men i upon which he dcflroyed them all hi;t this Woman, who was then wounded, and flu wcil her Wounili to the Sloop's Crew. Her Face was painted j Ihe had about her Body a kind of a Cloak, maile of the Skins of Beads and Fowls, neatly fewcd together, which reached down to her Knees. Her privy Parts were alfo covered with a Skin t fo that the Savages on the North Side of the Strcight are more inoilefl and fuciabic tlian thofe that inhabit the South of it. I'his Woman was tall and well proportioned, and her Hair was cut fhort -, but the Men wear it prodigious long, as they faw by the Corple of one of thefe that had been killed, who had tine Feathers on his Head, and about his Body. They make ufc of Bows and Arrows, at the End of which a hard Hint is inlaid very neatly : The Capuin gave a Knife to that W^oman, who, in Acknowlctlgment, told him, h.- would find a greater Abundance ol Birds in the biggelt of the Two Illands ; fo they left her where Ihc was, though Ihe wilhcd to be tranf|)orted to the Contijient. They went to tJiis Illand, in oriler to get greater Numbers of thefe Birds, of which, in this Place, it may not be .iinils to enter into a more full Defcription. The Penguin does not receive its Name from its Fatncfs, as the Author of the Diitib Voyage be- lieved i and, to favour his Opinion, calls thefe Birds Pin- gutns, in order to make the Derivation from die Latin Word Pingutdo, Fatnefs, more apparent : Neither is the Conjefture of the Fiditor of the Fremb \'oyage, grounded on a Mifbke of Sir Thomas CanJiJb'a Scnfe, any better ; for he fuppofes, that they were called Penguins by the Eng- lijh, bcuufe of their white Heads. 'Ihe Trudi of tiie Matter is, they were fo railed by the Savages -, and be- caufc Penguin in the Britijb (vulgarly cJkd IVe/p) lignifics white Head, and thefe Birds have white Heads, it lias been argued from hence, that thefe Savages arc dclccnded from a Colony of Britons, fuppofed to be fettled in ylme- rica by Madoc, Prince of North IValcs, alxiut the Year 1 1 70. I do nut mean by this Remark to eflablifh the Truth of that I liftory, but barely to clear up the Mean- ing of the Word, and to fliew how reafonable it is, in ditlerent Voyages, to prel'erve the different Orthographies of their Authors, bccaule, in many Cafes, they may be of much greater life than is commonly imaginccl. But to return now to the Birds, which gave Occafion to this Di- grelTon : I'he old ones weigh trom Twelve to Sixteen Pounds, and the young ones from fight to Twelve -, they are bla.k vipon t!ie Back, and white under the Belly ; fome hav- .;•' )ut their Neck a white Ring, lb that they are al- molf ;!..'.(-wliitc lulf-black ; their SUin is much like tliat of the cf a-dog's, and as thick as the Skin of a wild Boar -, tlieir Bill is as long as the Bill of a Raven, but not fo crooked i their Neck is Ihort and thick, and the Body as long as a Goofe, but not Ut bit^ : Iiiltead of Wings, tliey have Two fins han;.;m!!; de,wn, and covered with Peathe.-s, with which they I'wim with great Strength : They feldom come alhorc but when they brood, anil then they nettle Three or Four together in a Hole ; they have black F'eet, like thole of a Cioofe, but not fo broad ; they walk up- right, with their bins hanging down like a Man's Arm, fo that, afar otf, they look Hke Pygmies : They live upon nothing but Filli, and, lor all tli.it, they have not the rank Relith ;. the Ship reached the great Ifland of Peiigutiis, a LeagLie ort'the fmall one : There they toujid fb great Quantities of them, that they might have fur- nilhed 25 Ships with them-, for they took above 900 in Two ilours time. The next Day, w-hile they were bufy in faking them, a great Storm roli: from the North- weft, which carried the Ship out of Sight of the Ifland, and (6 great a Way off, dut die Captain was quite out of Hoi)cs of making the Iiland again. Then lie reduced the Proportion of Bilcuit to a Qiiarter of a Pound to each Mail a Day : However, the 1 -th of the fame Month in the Aftetuuuo *, -'d' 44 AfirriiCKHi ility ir.i.K rlir Iflami again: But, when they wfre ^uing to Und, tlicStotni r<'!rj[^ain with luchVioUnci-.that thi-y rd'olvcd to wi ij'h Ani hor, und get out ot the Stre ight •, btit the Sea wa^ In w\i^]\, that they could not do it : 'Ih'y were atraid, that the t apltaii would lly i at Uft the Shij>'* Anclior Hij-ped , .iml, to lave the Ship, they lut the (.a- ble, ajul lo thry conriiurd iimler Sail, not without great Sorrow lor having loll theii Ancijor, bctaulc thi-y haii but one more left. 2 3. This 1*1 AiTulrnt dhliged theCajitain to depart the Streimht without Delay : Accordingly, Jiifmaryii. i(>oo. he laili d out el the Mouth ot the Chanel with a South- well Wind, rluippinn ti)mitimes ti> Kal> Notth-eall, alter haviiiR (^•>cm Nine Months in thofe Seas in a dangen)U^ and dilinai Conduioii. In the Altemooi., having pot into the Main, they lett the Mi>op to drive into t!ie Sea, becaufc the l>ormy Weather luJ niailc hrr unfit for .S! Wine, and a Bag ot Rice : Upon the I'oiiit ol his Kxeaition, the Seamen inter* cdfd lor him, and got hii Panlon, on Con- tlition that no Seaman, tor the tutiin-, Ihould l:eg any l-ixly's Ijle that flunild Iv guilty ot hull a Crime. On the ^i about Iv^ning, tlie liime t\i(c.'aj /Wet was acr ufcd ct having made himlcll ilmnk, fo that conll-quendy he muft have llolon the Wine; and was convifted ot ftealing not only Wine, but Vicluals alio, more dun he want^il lor liis NecelTity •, tor which he was hai>grd, anvl his Body thrown into the Sea uith the Roiv: atwut his Neck. 24. Afanhi^,. the Ship jMilTid the tquiuoCtial Line; they began that ver)' Day to dillribute no more Wine, beraule they had but one I'ljv left, whidi they kept tor the Sick. The 2Sth, they law the Cajx- of Mcnif uptjn the Coaft of Cutnn ; but the Captain was very angry with the Pilots, becaulc they had llerred another Couric than he dcfigned : The Seamen, on their Sule, were alfo dilcontenicd with the Captain, who, having no Sloop nor Boat, and but one Anchor, would not land ; but, being fatisfird he Iwd Bilcuit enough lor i our Months, at a (^larter of a Pound The V O Y A C, F. S of Book I. • Day each Mati, and 'I'wo Ounces of Rice, he nwWA ihcmtotack about, and Hand to ilie Sea. .Ipnl 1. m the Night, thev tlilcovrred l<>ine Firr, and thought at tint 'twu a Shiu V bur, in the Day-lighr, they litw the I ire on Shore, ami that they had run very near the Coaft, bcupf driven by tlie Currents. At that time their Fengtiins weic all gone, I6 that, it Ci(xl's Hruvidence had not been cxcttnl for them, tlicy would h.ive been tofecd to have been ton tented with a I'mall l'ru|H>rtion of Bifcuit and Rice ; bin, during Five Weeks that they Heered along the Coail, witli out advancing mucli farther Ix-raufe of the calm Weather, they found l*lenty of all forts of FiDi, Itoth great and fmall. The Captain, being uncertain how long he IhoukI Hay m that Place, and fearing ih.it the want of Provifions wouU tone him at tall ro land, onlered a fmali ik>at to be liult -, which was finillied, in 1 wrivc Days lime« by the Dire^tiim ot Ouigcrfz, the Pilot, who hail lormerly praiHilbti tli Trade of a Ship. the Ship <;ot into the f^Mg/iJb Chanel ; tlie Captain landed ar Uizrr to btiy an Anchor, and a Cable ; but, lim! ing none, he failed the fame F.vening. On the 1 to go into the Chanel of Gocm, whcie a Seaman died, being the Sixty-ninth that died m the whole Voyage ; the other Thirty fix who were alive, gave Thanks to Almighty (iod, who had preleived thrni Irom fo many Dantjtrs, and brouj^ht tiicni falc 1 luine. SECTION VIII. Th Voyage cf Gforgk Simlbkrgen, in ^nlity of y^ci/Jiiral of Six'DwX.i.h Ships^ rouml thcirorld' 1 771^ Occafion cf de I'cfO^f, and the Departure of tbf Fleet Augiift 8, 1614. 3. 77r/> Arrival on :!:e Cott/l of Urafil. ;. TieiuberouJIy attjik''/f, on J a great many of their Men mafjacred by the Portu- puclc. 4. Ihcy tithe feveral Portugncfc Prijonen, hut cou/d not procure the DijcLirge of their cun Men in ExciiiHge, y. Tbey paji through the St reighti of Magellan into tl)e South Seas. 6. They meet lii/h the Spanilli Fleet on theCoa/l c/" Chili. 7. yl warm Engagement en/uei, in which thtS>\n\\\(h Admiral I ice-admiral, and another great Ship, were Junk. 8. They continue cruijing upon that Coajl. p. The Account they received of the State at that Tim: of Peru and Chili. 10. They continue their fovage to Acapulco. n. Continue their Cour/e from thence for the Kail Indies, and arrive at the IJland'i of \:x- dronc^ 12. Proceed in their i'ovage for the Moluccas. 15. Arrive J'lfely at the Dnich Settlement at the Ijlarid cf M.ichian. 14. Return J rem thence into Holland, and enter //•<• Macfc, July 1. 1617, If. Renuirki uf on the Voyage. IHK Diici.'^ors i)U\\c Dutch Eafl India Compa- ny, having Itill veiy much ati leart the making an effcflual N'oyage through the Streights of Magellan to tlic hajl Indies, they, in the Spring of the Year 1614. granted a Commiflion for this I'urpolc to (Jearge Spil- lerg, OT SpiHergcn, a Man of eftablirticcl Reputation for his knowledge in maritime Affairs ; anti ordered Six Ships to Ix- i-quipped for tlut Service, viz. the Great Sun, tlic /•'«/.' Alien, the Hunt/man, a Yacht called the .SVd Atew, all I our from /Imfterdam, the ^e.'unA' ZeUnd, and the Mern- in^ Star of Rotterdam, 'ihcy were all equipped in the bell manner jioflible, and the Admiral li.id, in a great meafure, the Choice of his own Officers, whicli, in Jong Voyages, is a I lung of the utmoll Conlequcnce, in order to prevent unnectirary Difputes. Tlic Sliip' were reaily a little after A//<^/w»w^r ; but the Admiral having dec larcd his Opinion, tliat duy ftiould, in catc they laded then, ai rive at an improper Scalbii in the Sireighis of Magellan, the Dirtdors thought projxr to ix)ll|xjne the Voyaj'.c till the Month of .lugujl ; and, on the 8th, the Meet laik>t out of the Texel, with a llrong (Jale at Southeaft. 2. They continued their Voyage without any other re- markable Accident, dian enduring leveral Storms and J em- IK-fts, ti'l Othber j. when they lound tlxnifelvcs in tiir 1 lei[;lit ■ii"- Cfttp. !• GborgbSfilbergen. 4? Height of JUUWrt- On the loth, they loft Sight of the Cmmrittt and, on the 13d, they h«d Sight of the Iflamis Br&vt tnd Af*. They obferved, in pafllng the Cape dt Virdt Iflandt, thil they wrre wrona placed in the Maps, vsA cvtn in ^h M were in the bigheitEfteem in thofe Days, tf (landing in them in 1 7*, whereaa (hey ought to be in 14* ;)0'. On Dttmi*r 9. 1614. the Admiral appointed a Day of Thankigiiring, for ih having happily pjOed the Danger of ShMb of Abrolhoi, which run very far into the Sea, and have been very fatal to the Ptrtugiu/t Ships in their Vovagei. On the 1 ath, they diibover^ the Con- tinent of Br^l \ the Coaft appearing high at a Diftancr, with many Hilli, having very (harp-pointed I'opt riling into tite Clouds, others broader and well covered witit I'rces, but the l.and clofe to the Sea wuall flat. On the 19th, the Coaft appeared very high, and the Pilots con- cluded, that it mult DC Cape fri$\ but the Sta Mew having been fent before to difcover, reported, that they were at the Moudi of Ri0 jMrin, which hai Three little Iflancis in the Opening \ and ihia gave them Hopes, that before Evening they Ihould have Sight of the lUi Crandis, and therefore the StM Mtm h«d Orden tc lead as before. On the loth in the Morning, thev anchored in the Road of Ihi GnmdiSi between Two large Ane Iflands, covered with Trees, in Thirteen Fathom Water. On the 31ft, they anchored at another Uland, at the Diftance of about half a League, where they diverted themfclves with Fi(h- ingi in which they had good Succcis •. and Ixre they caught manr Crocodikt, each of the Length of a Man. On the xaa, they anchored behind .moth'-'- Ifle, where they founo Two uttle Huu, and a Heap of Mens Bones on a Rock. The next Day they fet up Tcnu on Shore for die Sick, which were all laiided that Night, and the Adminl appointed Three diftinA Corps dt Cardt of Sol- dien for their Security, as being in continual Apprehenfion of the P»riiqiufit who, they knew, were at no great Diftance. 3. The Admiral, on the aSth, hoiftcd awhite Flag u a Signal for holding a Council ( in which it was reiblvcd, diat the Htmtjmm ftiould efcort the Shallops that were to go to take in Water at a River about Two Leagues off*. The Admiral gave exprefi DireAions to the Captain of the Hunt/mm to anchor as clofc to the Shore u poflible : But, when he was out of Sight of the Fleet, he anchored as he thought proper, which was at fuch a Diftance from the Land, that it was in a nunner out of Cannon-fliot. On the a 9th, the Admiral's Shallop and Canoe went to take in Water, and a Body of Seamen were landed upon the Idand to cut Wood : About Noon they brought as much as their Veflels would hold on board, and in Two or Three Hours went back to fetch more. In the Evening they wouki have come on board again, but their Veflels were aground, and they were obliged to fbv for the Fkxxl. They pafled their Time but very indifllerendy all Night under a Hut ereded by the Cfrew of the Yacht -, and they reported, when they came on board in the Morning, duu they had heard a confufed Number of Voices, and a 8:ieat Trampling of People, in the Woods. On the 30th, the ShaUops « the AfM», the Attnmig Siar^ and the HuHtfimm^ were fent to the Wataring-place with Nine or Ten SoMiers under rhe Command of Francis du Cbefne^ Lieutenant to Captain Rowland Pbillips, whofe Com^uny was on board the Admiral i as for the Seamen, they went unarmed, contrary to exprefs Orders, and notwithftand- ing what their Companions had told them, of their hear- ing a girat Number ot People in the Wood. They had rot b«ren gone k)ng from the Fleet, before fevcral Cannon- ftiot were tired from the Huntjman ; upon which the Ad- miral immediately ordered out Three Shallops, full of Soldiers and Scanirn, well armed, to (ee what was the Matter. Thelc no fooner came on board, than they were intormecl, that Five Canoes, full of Ptrlugueft ancf Mtf- tizo's, well armed, had attacked the Three Shallops, and murdered every Man there was in them. TYx'Duttb armed Shallops went in I'urfuit, and foon came within Sight of them, and were not a little furprifed, that the Men did not row very hard to get out of their Way. On their doubling a rocky Cape, they foon found the Reafon •, for there they faw Two ftout Frigates riding at Anchor, to Nu.MB. 4. which the Boats retired for Shelter, and the Dnub Shal- fops were forcetl to return to their Admir.il with a difittal Account of what liad befallen their Companions. 4. January 1. 1615. aConlpiraiy ot crruin mutinous Perfons, who were inclined to run away with the Ship, wa| fouwi out » tor which. Two were executed, bcin(( hanged up at the Yard-iirm, and (hot through with Six Mufquets, ami w tlir IJiMt. nor woiiKl liiffir any Co ,o «.» ilifir lloufn, Ixcuilc ol tluir Jc.iloufy ot their JVives whuh rxcttkU cvrn that »>f the .^pamurjj. One ul iliule Shrcj) was ut the KimI rcfcmblinn a Camel, their l^u» «tul Ncik vry lonR. H.iir moutlinl, mwl Bumh- lut-WI, which they ulc for Carriage and Culturr, an Affcj. Tliey hoJ many Hem, ami other I- owls. On the 27th, tluy lit Sail ; aiul. the ^Sth, cune near the Shore, not far Irwm the Iilaiul ot .'ih, they lainr into I IarU«ir, where a SfVHiarJ came on boarit thrm, luvinK a Perlbn, by way or I'leilgr, Icit lor him on Shore : Hot, invuing them to Dinner on Shore, one ct the BoatJ ililcovereila ftxly ot SoMier* marthing to chat Place where thry IlioiiKl have ilineiij whcrtvn*)!! they retunicd alHjanl with the Spaniard^ whom they maile I'ti- liiiier. The next Morninp thry went afhore with Three I'Ml'ignt : The Sftamardi, at the Sight ot them, let their Liuirihon lire, an.l lleil. In the Skirmilh. Imt llol- landtrt were wouiuleJ, and I- our SfMiards llain. Their Houfes built ot Rceti, yiekied a good llame. They found many Hens and took 1500 Sheep, with other Spoil. 1 Icre they Ul Intellincnte of' Three Ships which luul de- partcil thence in .Ipnl to fcek thefc DtUtb Ships nianncil with a ThoufanJ Spaniards i the Admir.d cirrying Forty Bralj I'iefct of Cannon, the reft pnip/^re. Ihey went alhorr, and (aw many wild Horfes, which tied. Here they waterni, and took many Fidi ; and for Wood, and other Things, found the Place very commodious. F.very-where, on approaching the Loal^, thry found the People aware of them, which caufetl Spatiijh Preparations tor unwelcome Entertainments, fo that no Matter of Weight was elTciTicd. July the 2d, they came to /Irita, in 12' 40', whither the Silver is brought from Peiofi, and carrict! thence loPanamj -, but find- ing no Ship". thereat that time, they jlcjiartcd. On the loth, t!) y had a Calm, yet rainy Day, not without Wonder to tlitm, becav.fe the Spanijh I'nloner \\iA reported a |)rrje out to feek the Hel'anJtrs, againft rlic Opinion of the Council oi I'tru, which would rather lu«.l them ftay : But Rcdtnge dt Mttideza, the Viceroy's Kinf- nwii and Ailmiral, conceited of Mmlclf, faid. Thai Two of hit Sl-.pi would lakt all l'>.gland, and much more lixife lliiis «f flolland, after fo long a Voyage, ',uhub had fptnl ana '.vajled ihem ; t\a\, he ivas furt they would yiild to him at the very firji Sight. Whercup(j.'i the \jceroy gave him Leave to go and bring them bound unto him ; ,init tlie Admiral Mcndcza fwore, he would never return till they were taken or llain. 'Ihus he dejiartcd out of the koad of Calao on the nth of '/uly. I he Jefu Maria, Admiral, carried Twenty-four Brals I'icxres, 460 Men, of uU Sorts, and iiad coft the King 15SJ00U Ducats. I'he Vice admiral, St. .Innt, 100 Men, the Capuin ..ilvaret de PtgtT, which had taken an En^lif/j Ship in the South Sea btturc ; this Ship had ftuud the King in 15UOOJ Duiats, and«.isthe f.iireft tlut ever wa< (<{n \i\0\c Indies. TUe: Ci/melite, of Kii;ht Brals Pirn s ot Cannoii, loo S.klun and Mariners, l)ciidcs the Comnvinden, and ihcir K( tinue. 1 he Si met, of equal Forrr. '1 he Keftry had 1 50 Mm. anil Four Brals Onliunee. The St. I'ramit h.ul no Ord nance, but Seventy Mull)iiefrt rs, anil twenty Mariners The Si. .1n.lrev) had F.ighty MuUiurtetri, and Twenty live Mariners. I he F.ighth was lent after tlic reft, unccr tain with what Furniture. 7. July 17. they came near rath other in the Fveningj .vi(i his own Vke-adiniraJ lent Word to the Spani/h Adnii ral, that, if he plealird, he might forbear to light tliat Nighr, and begin the Attai k next Morning. But Hedengt dt MenJozd could not be lb patient, but, about T liink. From th Shore iht Spaniatds Jired their great Ordnanre, om: ol Wliiih carried a Bullet of Thirty fix Pound, and had almoft funk the UimijiMiVi. I'liey alio law on Ihorc a great Army, ni vhK 1 Chap. I. G E O R r. R S 1» I L B F. R G E S'. 47 whiih the Vicfroy liiinfi li wj< in IVrfon, witli I'.inht JriKipJ of I lorli, anvl 4i)(i() I'tK)t. They •niccM fo nturn out f)l the Keach ol tlxir Siioc, and i alt Anchor at the Mouth ol the tUvrn, white thry ft.iid till the J5th, with Inrcnt to ukc fomr ol thrir Shi|i% \ but in vjjn, U'c^ulc thty were Ixttrr .Sailir% On the 2(ith, ihiy took u httle H.irk Ulcn with Salt, mul !■ ij^hlv Vcllilt ot .Symji : I he \lrn all rteil. They i-r linil, ilut, it thry met with the I lot ot lUnamn, in iin,iiil tiny wirt- in the I'rncniy'i Cuiir\try, where tluy ua\V\ nut repair iJKir Loilcs, am! were alio bound to the ManiHas, thry lliould aflc.iutiowHy, and avoid btinu Irparaied, wliith nad much endanK'Ted tljcm in the lall riniit \ and, it any .V/)<;«//&Ship fljoiikl yield, the Maftcr and elm I Drtiurs (lioiikl not leave their own Mill''*, I'lit I aule the I- lu my to i onu in Hoati alM)ar(.l them, Icll Conlufmn, ai lately through (IiecdineiN of S|)oil, llimi'.i hapixn. riic 27th, thry lit Sail. The iKth, they lame to the Road ul C'uarmt\n 10 bryuiid tlic Line, a phalaiit Place, witli a large Port. N< .1: i.nto it U a Ijke ot llaiid- ing \V.iter. Tluy went on ihorev but lound the IVtiplc all lldl, who hail telr little I'lllage, except Ibmc 1 leib, Oranges, I !.)•;% and Meal ; which they took. 8. /tugii/l \. they difniilPrd tome of their i/e> hajlisn \ tile Third ol .Sr. /inn, with like Sti|>cnd \ the 1 oiirth IS an I lofpiial of Orphans, wnii f^oo Pclos. Mon.i- lleriesthire are ot St. I ran, 11, St. Dominic, and ot St. /In- /u/hn, and ot o'.ir I -a:u's. Thb City is I'wo Le.igues from the Sea, hath Fight Companies of Foot, and as many Troops of i lorfe, in Garilon. The next Port is called Ctdao, m which are Ibme Sou Inh.ibitants. From the City to Potcfi are all Spanijb Merchandize conveyed. Polcfi is called /,.i I'alia Imperial, compreheiulmg .1 great Mount.iin, in whu h are Silver Mines. Into them is a horrible Defccnt of 400 Steps into the Veins, which cxercife about io,ooo Indians iligging, and 100 more in carrying, grinding, and other Works ol that Kind. This Place is li) cold, that nothing grows within Four Le.igues, but an Herb called i'd'C'. Their Provifion is all brought from /Irica. A Pound cf Bread is there worth Two Rials. The I lavcn of Jrica is 180 Spanij}} leagues from thence; but there arc many Vil- lages well inhabited by tlic Way. Not far hence is Cbu- quijaia, the Bilhop whereof hath ^0,000 Ducats Revenu;,-. There arc the like Monalteries to thofc at Lima; but not lb full ot Monks. At Potofi there are lliid to be 1 .^,00 Sharp- ers, who live by their Wits. Seventy Miles Irom tlirnce is anotiier Silver Mine, called ErUco. Near Lima is Chocola Choca, another Mine, cold as Poto/i, where tlwell 5000 Spa>nards. Cufco is like to Lima, hath ()^30o S/Hinijb Inha- bitants, a Billiop, and Monks, and Two Colleges, with Ibme 60U Students. Areqiiipa hath alfo a Bilhop, 2000 Spaniards, and i Corigidor. The Capital ot CIhH is St. lago, where there is a Gold Mine. Coqmmbo hath Store of Brats. Baldivta is rich in Gold. In the Year \^qg. the Natives of the Country killed the Spaniards, and made tin ir Wives Prilbners, 800 in Number, whom they offered to exchingc i ;. ■: 48 The VOYAGES of Book I. exchangf , if they tright have Tor each a Pair of Shoes, a Bridle, a Sword, and a Pair of Stirrups v but the K ing forbad Armour to be carried to them. They poured molten Gold into the Governor's Mouth, made a Cup of his Skull, and Viyn of his Shank-bones in Memory of their Viftory. /htrota hath near it a Fort, with a Sfanijb Gtrifon \ but very poor. Conceptitn is mentioned before. It hath 400 Soldiers to keep it, with Ibme Ordnance. 10. Let us now, with our HolUmiers, put to Sea, which they did yfugnjl 21. but eafily perceived the next I>ay the Strength of the Currents to be fuch, that, without a fair and (tiff Gale, they prevailal little or nothing. On the 23d, they anchored before Rit dt Ttmka i for the Bar and Tide for- bad them Entrance. They agreed to return to the Iile of Ct^et in 5» Southerly, to refi-elh themfelves j but Storms, Rains, and Thunders, fo diftrcffed them toStfimhrij. that they could not find the Ifland ; and in the mean time they grew very fickly. On the 20th, they had Sight ol Land in Ntva Hifpania. They had 13' 30 , and the Wea- ther became again very tempeftuous. O^oktr 1. after much bad Weather at Sea, they had Sight of pleafant Land •, but the Sea wrought fo, that they could not have (afc Landing, and fo beat off and on till the i ith, that they entered the Haven of Aapukt within Shot of the Caftle \ and, hanging out a Flag ol Peace, Two Spani^rdi came on board, and they agreed to exchange Prifoncrs for 5hcep, Fruits, and Pro'vifion ; which was accordingly performed. On the 15th, Melchior Hmurde came aboard, to take a View of the Fleer, which had vanquifhed the King's. He was Nephew to the Viceroy of Ntw Spain, and Ww- kiixlly en- tertained by the Admiral. The Caftle here was well de- fended with Seventy Brafs Guns, having had Intelligence of their coming Eight Months before. The i8th, they fct Sail again ; but, being becalmed, they did nothing of Mo- ment, except the taking a Bark bound for PearPfilhing » w.hirh they manned, and took into the Attendwits of ttieir own Fl.rt. 1 1 . Novtmher i . they anchored before Port StUpus in 19" North Latitude. Here they heard of a River, that yielded Variety of good Fi(h, and Meadows well (locked with Cattle, together with Citrons, and other Fruits, all which Convcnienries th.:y wanted •, but the Company they fent, fearing a Surprize by the Spaniards, returned as they went, after a fiiurt Engagement with the Enemy. On the nth, they failed for Port Nativiiy, where they fur- nifhed ih^mfelves with Necedaries, and fix)m whence they paned on the loth. The 26th, they had 20* 26 North Latitude \ and there thry concluded upon the neareft Courfe to the Iflands of luuircnei. Dtftmbtr 3. to their no little Wonder, they law Two Iflands at a great Diftance in the Sea, and, the next Day, a mighty Rock in 19°, and Fi(ty Leagues from the Continent. The 6th, they faw a new Iflaml, with Five Hills, that appeared hke fo many diilinA Iflands. The new Year came on with I^ftcmpers, that proved faul to many et their Company. January 3. 1616. they had Sight of the lutdrones, and the next Day they landed there. Ti\iy fct Sail for the Manillas the 26th, where they happi'y anchored Ffhru.iry p. Here the Indians letiiftil to tradic with them, Ixraufr, they Cud, the Dutch wtn: F.ncmies t;) the Spaniards •, fur which very Reafon, fomc (theri would freely have transferred all the Trade and Riihes of th< Country to them. But, in Caput, to which they came on tl.e 1 ith, the People were of a better Tem- per, giving them f.it Hogs and Hens for very Trifles. This profitable Iroiie they lift the 1 9th, pafTing from thence througli the S:ri if^hts towanis the Mamllan Port or Bay. 'Ihe Indtr.tis ol d.pul wrar long Coats like Shirts, and are noted for the extrao'ilinary Rerjjc^t they pay to all Clergy- men, belt>re whom they will proftrate iliemfelves on the (Jround, .irid take it for a mighty Honour to be admitted to kifs tJiri, Hands. 12. Tie 19th they anchoretl before the Mand I.iuenia, the princifvd of the Manillas, and in which is the City Mnnilla irfelf Here was a curious Fabric, artificially erected upon the Tops of Trees, that looked like a Palace at a Diftance, but hat fort of Creatures were the Inha- bitants there, they could not imagine. The 28fh, they p.iffeti by the high and fl.\ming Hill Aleaca. The 24th, thty faw the other End gj the Strciglit, but the Calm would not allow tlif m to pa(s it. Tlie 2 Rth, they anchored biforr th<- lfl.ind MirtbtlUt, remarkable lor its Two Rocb, that lift their Tops to a vaft Height in the Air, Behind tRcfe the City of Manills lies "nd from hence they wati h the coming of Ships from China to pilot them fate to the City, becaule of the great Danger of the Vittigr. March 5. they took feveral Barks, that were difnuchcd to gather in the Tribute paid to the City of Manilla from the adjoinii.g Places. They had now Intelligence of a Fleet o' I'welve Ships, and FourGallies, manncti with 2000.","-' ^irds, be- fides Indians, Chintfe, and 'Japtntft, all whic' i-c fent tu %\\t Moluccas todrire out the Dutch, an*; rrduce thnfo Iflands to the Obedience of the King of Upain: Ujxjn this News they difcharged all their Prilbners, and rcfolved to go after them. The 1 ith, they got in aniong(l fo many Iflands, that they hardly knew how to deliver thcnifclv 1 again, but their Spamjb I'ilot brought them out fate tl.e next Day. The 14th, they rid at Anchor all Night \x. fore the Ifland Panty, by reafon of the Sholes. The 1 8th, the failed ck)(c by the Ifland of Mindanao ( bur, in the Evening, put off further into the Sea, becaufe of danger- ous Shelves thereabouts. The 1 9th, they came liofe by the Shore again, and bought Proviflons of the Iflandcrs at a very cheap Rate. The 20th, they reached CajW de Cu- dtra, the Spamardj 'Watering-place, in their Way to the Moluccas. Till the a3d they (ailed no farther than jufl as the Tide forced them along, having a perfect Calm -, but between Mindanao and Tagamo, a contrary Tide met and ftopt them. The People here profeffed a great Enmity to the Spaniards, and offered the Dutch the AfTiflance of Fifty of their Ships in that Quarrel. The 27th, they palTcd the Ifland Sanguin, and the 29th came to Temate, in which theDii/ripoffcffed the Town Maa'a, where thefe unlooked- for Countrymen of theirs were made very welcome by them. The Straight of Bouten they obferved to be full ofSholcs, without which the Water is deep : On the Eaft there is good frefli Water, and Two I.tague8 to the Weft lies a very rocky Shole. yfpril 8. Ctrnttius dt Vicanezt went for Banda, and the Soldiers landed there after a very long and tedious Life a Ship-board. 13. On Ma) 1. they (ailed with Six Ships for Macbiast, in order to prevent the Ptrtugueft (ham lading Cloves. The Wind proving very fafr, they foon arrived under Fort Maurice, which tne Adminl immediately vifited, as he afterwards did the Forts Tafisfor and TabiUola, and (b on, till he came to the Fort of Sabata. On the 12 th, tlicy received Intellisenct fix)m Mr. Cafthton, who commanded Four Engtijb Ships, that the Dutch Genera], John Dirk/oa Lam, had liuled mmi the Ifland of BanJa, in the Spring of the Year, with Twelve Men of War, well manned, and a Body of Soldiers on board ; with which Force li: landed, /^l 10. on the Ifland of Puio IVai, the richcft of all the Iflands in thofe Parts, of which he made himftlf Mafter with great Eafe, and that the Inhabitants ot the adjacent Iflands, being fummoncd, fubmittcd themfeives immediately, and entered into a Treaty with him highly a, at firft on boanl tlic Gallies ; Init, being an excellent GolJ- fniith, and having married a Spamjb Wife, thty gavt: him l-ea\ c to romc on .Shore, and work at his IVailc, allowing him, at laft, fo much 1 iberty, that he found means to tli ape, bringing his Wife away with him. This Mar. wui of very great Ule \ for, having .in rxiellcnt Underflanding, bcinp perlei'tly acquainted with the Spamjh Trade, and ki!owin;» exaclly the N.iture and Value of all the Commo- dities in the Indies, he f^vc tlic Dutch Governors better Inttlligerce, th.in it was pofljble tor them to have obt.iiutJ any omer Way. They returned afterwards to A/<«i»nw, and proceeded thence to Maljya, whence they went upun a Crutic. Chup. T. GEbRcfi SpilBkrgbn. 4^> a Criiiee. On Mtrf 30. they filled for that Purpofe, but were loon aticr rccalletl, and found, on their Kctuin, Twelve large Dutch Ships from Ambolna, in the Road of Mahiyii i and, as they were then a very formidable I'lccr, It WIS debated whether they fliouid attack Itdorf, or any other of the Enemy's Settlements in thofc Farts \ but it w,is debated only, and, their Chiefs difflTing, then- was no- thing jjut in Extcution. Thtfc Debates fliewing the Ne- ttil.ty of having a Commander in chief, the Coum il (Jc- niri! i)t t!iL- Indies, 'June 19. proceeded to the f'".lcdion of ;i (juvcnior and General 1 and the next Day I^urfiice de lif,:', was inllalled in that Command. Soon alter Admiral !if,!bcijot ridivcd this (Governor's Orders and Commillion fo lail with the Two Ships, viz. the /Imfterdam and ZcUiiid, tij t!ie in.ir.d iXyava, and City of Bantam, with InliriiJlions to U ttlc the I lade there, on fuch Terms, antl in fuch man- ner, as he fliouId think fit. On 'June i-j. they put into y.ipiira tor a Supply of Provifions, aiul then proceeded to J.utatya (now Batavia) where they arrived Septmber 7. ;iii.l where they found it nccclfary to careen their Ships, and I'rovide them with double Shcathings, which, notwithllanil- ingthey did with^^rcatCaution, on account of the near Neigh- bourhood ot Don Juan de Sylva, who was expeded to lail from Malacca, in order to cruife upon the Dutch. They w. re, however, very foon fet at Liberty fronj thefc Ap- jrehenfions, by certain Intelligente, that came the lail of that Month, ot his dying fuddenly, not without Sul'picion t)l Poilon, at Malacca ; and that, in coniequencc ot this Aeeiiuit, his I'leet, wiiicli was betorc .nuch weakened, w.is rctiirnid to the jV/(?«/7.'(JJ without performing any thing', fo that Four Years I'rouble and F.xpence, which the .S'/n;- niardj had been at in order to equip it, were all thrown away, which exceedingly leflened tlieir Reputation and Influence in the Ind:cs ; as will always Ix; tiic Cile of iiwritimc I'nwers, when they futier their AtTairs to link in this m.u)- iK-r, by attending more to die anuHing ot Wealth, than the Support ot Cjovernnicnt. ^Vh^.e they were thus em- ployed at 'Jaccatra, they had the Satist.iCtion ot perceiving the mighty Incrtafc of the Duhh I'railc ', lor, in that fin.ill Sj.ace of Time, there arrived no lets than i-our Ships liom the Maluccas, l.u.led with the richclt Spices, and Four rioic tVoin Holland, with very lich Cargoes •, and, what in thole Countries was of much greater Conteciucnce, well manned, with levcr.il hundred Soldiers on board tor the Supply of their Cj.iritbns. There came in there alio a very n. !i Ship from Japan, h.iving on board a large Qiiantity of Kia'.s of Plate, uiuoined Silver, and otiier valuable Cicxxls taken out of .1 Portitj(ucfi Prize, in its Pall'age to Macao. On the 20th, arrived there a VelTel, called the Concord of Horn, commandeil by Jiijuei le Maire, which had pafllil round by the Streights of Magellan, and by that Kou'.c was arrived in the liajt Ii.dics. But ,is it was known, that he dici not make this \'oy.igc on Account of the hajt India Company, or fo miieh as by thiir Participation, the I'refideiu, jchn Peterfon Cocn, caul'ed his Ship and Cargo to lie rontiftatetl, anil his Crew dillributed amongil the Ships in the Company's Service. I cannot help oblerving h.re, how very fuonexclufive Corporations begin to exen lie Acts ot Seventy. This Eajl India Company h.kl not iKen fuuiidcd above Fourteen Yeats, and yet ihey alre.idy took i.;win them to break the Spirit"^, and i ramp the 'I'rade, ot ilketr Coumrymen : .\nd, to Ihew tli.s Spirit in its lull I x- tiiit, I lliall tiaiillate litcr.ally the very next Senteme in this Voyage, giving a very injurious Account of this F.xpedi liiin o! Jafieilc Mairc, wiih whole Merit the Keadir will lie quiekly tx'tter aciiuainteii, on purpole to poU'els the wlioie Dutch Nation with a Notion, that F.ncouiai^emeiit was only due to tlie l:aji India Company. " In the Lourfe " of their long Voyage, lays the Author ot Admit al " S{'i!!'eyjen\ F.xpcdition, tlulc,- People dilcovered no new " Coumries, no new Nations, with whom we might tr.ule. " I hey only ptetended to h.ive difcovered a new r.tira(;e, " eiitfereiit from that dirough winch Ships h.id hitlu'ito " tailed •, but there w.is hitle .\ppearaiue tit this, lince, lu:- " cording tj dieir own Account, they had (jn'iit Filtem " Months and Three Days in their Patfage trom the *' Streights to the IA.ukI ol 'I'lrnaie, thouidi they hail lair " Winds all the Way, and notwithliandingthe vail Advan " tage a lingle Ship has over a Fleet, where the quiikdt Numb. 4. *' Sailor mull flay for the flowcfl:. Thcle piwndtd Mak< r*. " of Difioveries, therefore, who boafted ot ha\-ing found " out a new Streight, were very much furpiifeil to hear, *' that Adir.iial SpiWergen had waited fo long ai Tcrtiate, " and ariived lb much lotmer, than they, notwithftanding •' his Fleet was compofed of fuch large Ships, and had " hern lb much and lij often retarded, had fought lb many times, had \xcn put back, ftopt, and trafficked in lb many Parts, and yet came out but bare Fii^^lu Months beli)rc thein, and Ipcnt only a Year ami S v.n Months in ail tluir Expeditions, to the Time of their iVrrival *' in the Moluccas." 'I'hcre is a great Mixture of Vnnity and Injulliee in this Account ; for though, without Que- Hion, great Commendation is due to Admiral Spiii/crgcn, and his Voyage ought to be regarded as one of the moll fuccelsful, ail Things confidcred, that ever was undertaken l)y the Dutch, or any other Nation, yet there is lets Realon fure for his undervaluing the Labours of another, or pre- tending to call in quellion a Fait that was fo well attelled, and which luis been verified by future F.xperiem •, efpeci- ally when the Man was under Mist'ortunes, which, as wc Ihall prefently fee, had iLich an Etfcifl upon him as to break his I hart. 14. The Admiral on Dcr«w^(T 14. 1616. hoillcd Sail at Bani.im, in order to proceed for Holland with the Two Ships under hi' Command, of which the Ainj}erdam was of the Huiilen of Fouiteen luini:red, and the Ze.'and of Twelve hundred 'Ti-n. On the 2zd of the fame Month died Jaquts le Maire, a Man jullly renowned lor his great Skill m the Art of Navigation, and for his excellent Tem- jier, as well as unblemilhed Character. On January 1. 1617. the /imjhrdam loll Sight of the Zcland. On the 24th, they anchored at the Itland of St. Maurice. On March 6. they doubled the Cape -, on the 30th, they ;ir- rivcd at St Helena, where they found the Zcland, which liad anchored there fome Days before. On /Ipril 6. both Ships put to Sea-, on the 24th of the f.ime Month, they palled the Line •, and on July i. 16 17. they arrived fafely 111 Holland, having been out near 'Two Years and Eleven Months. Their .'ieturn was extremely grateful to the Com- piny, the Dneiftcrs of which bellowed the highell Com- mendations on the Admiral, w4io had indeed beluved with the utmoll Prudence, and fo conducted tliis Voyage, as that it contributed alike to the Ad\antage of the Com- lany, his own Reputation, and the Glory of his Country, "ultitudes of People reforted to I'c^ him, and his Ships; an Exrr.i(;l of his \oyage w;js immediately made public, and the Dutch Eajl India Company may be fad to have dafeil their Cirandeur, in rilivcl both to Reputation, and Power, from the D.iy of his Return : The former, in fome iiK.ihife, refulted tiom his very Aft of furrounding the (ilobe \ and the l.itter took Rile from their Conquells in the Moluccas, in wiiieh lu: not only allilled, butUkewii;; brought Home the tiill .Ai count. I-,. It is olilervable, that tLis great Commander took the utmoll I'ains, not only to have an exa:t: .Account if Ins own \'oy.ige di.uvii up, but to examine clolely into wlut DilioveiKb !i.ul been maile by others. On his K-"tuiii ti> Holland, liejullilid the Report of M.i^cl.dii, witn re- fpei't to the gig.intie People dut inh.il'it the Streights, and known to the Woild by his Name. Admind Srilt'ergm faid, that they had gone alhore in tlieir N'oyage, and had ix.imined livei.iUiiMvcs of thole People that inhabit them ; and alw.iys tound their Boifus of tlie oiiliiur)' Siz ■, or ra- ther IkIow it 1 aiivl that the Savages ti.ey law, tiom time to time, in iheii C.inoes, were Hkewif- of the or J.inary S:?.,--, but that tin 7 h.id one Day ol/. Barbara was only a lartm, comiiiamleJ by one Manam,', and went t'rom Frr.i.if on a trading Voyage into the South Seas 1 and now let our .Author fj^ak tor himfrlf " On •' ///r;7 15. 1 7 1 3 . about Six in the Morning, /ajr; it.«, they " failed from FJiz.iletb2>i)\ IteeringSouth-wertand .South- •« weft by South, th y tf>ok the common Chanel tor that •« of the K\va Majjatrt, and were Handing to South well *• on an Illand, which thry took for the Daufbins: AITiftcd »« by the Currents, which favoured them, and a good Gale " at North-caft, they ran along tlut Idaiid -, and, an Hour *' alter they had paffed it, they found thcmfelves in a large *• Chanel, where, on the South Side, they law no other " Land, but a Number ol fmall Iflands among Breakers. ♦' Then p6." The Latitude in wliicii both tlicfe I'alfaj^es arc faid to lie, Ihew thejn very plainly to be the fame, and dcmonftratc, to every fenfible Header, the Danger of granting too extenfive Powers to exclulive Comjjanies. One thing more I fhali remark on the Hiftory of this Expedition, and then proceed. The Defeat of the Spanijh Armada in the li'eft Indies^ by this Squadron of Vuich Adventurers, is the cleared Proof of the great Superiority the free Spirit of a Republic ssill always have over the rioft refined Politics of an arbitral y Court. No Prince knew better than the King of Stain, the Confeouencc of his Amtrican Plantations, or had the Support of^ them more at Heart than he : And yet wc fee in how ftiort a time the Subjefts of the State of Holland, who, I ut very lately, were in a manner Slaves to the Crown ot Spain, were able, on their own private Accounts, and without any other View than the Benefits that were to flow from the Courage and Conduft of their Commanders, to lit out Squadrons capable of proceeding, in an hoftile Manner, to the lyejl Indies, antl of giving Battle to the greattft Strength, tlut, upon fair Notice of their Arrival in thole Seas, the Officers ot' the Crown of Spain could draw together. This, when attentively confidercd, will appear to be a moft lurprifing thing \ inafmuch as that it makes it evident, there is nothing rcquifitc to raifc a maritime Power in any Country but Freedom, a wife and honell Adininiltration cf (iovcrnmcnt, and the People's having a moral Certainty, that they fhall enjoy undiliurbed what by thiir L-abours they acquire. 'I'his encourages them to exert their utmoft force in fuch Armaments, to bear Difappoinmicnts with Patience, to repair tliem with Di- ligence, and to perlirvcte, with unfhakcn Steadinefs, in the Prolecution ot what appears to be their owt» Intereft, at the lame time that it is acknowledged by the State to be the public Intereft alio. We may likewife learn fix)m hence, how very foon a Maritime Power is raifed, and '-ow fuddcniy naval Force declines, when the Spirit, ne- celTary to fupport it, begins once to decay. At the End of the Sixteenth Century, the Duicb had fcarce learned t! e Way to the i^eft Indies, and were obliged to have rc- courfc to their EngliJh'iicx^YAxiun for Pilots fkilful enough to navigate their Ships 1 but, in the Space of Twenty Years, we fee the fame People fending thither powerful Squadrons, aiming not at Plunder, but at Conqueft, de- fying and defeating that Maritime Power which had ac- quired fuch mighty Rcpuution by the Difcovcry, and fuch a prodigious Strength by the Poffeflion, of both Indies. But Reputation will vanilh, and Power muft ncccflatily decline, when Men grow wanton with Wealth, and employ the Gifts of Providence for other Purpofcs than they were dcligned. As the Spaniards and Porluguefe loft their \'irtue, and ftackencd their Induftry, convening the Rewards of it to the Maintenance ot an empty Mag- mlicence, and effeminate Luxury, priding thcmfelves in Ixing ablblure Mafters ot other Nations ; inftead of being adive and free, they funk alike in Credit and Dominwn -, that Poverty and Diftrefs, for which they condemned the Dutch, proving the immediate Caufes of their own Dc- ftrudion, by the means of tliolc whom they fo much dcfpifcd. i hefc are Reflcecially in a Nation which owes its Safety, Piofjxrity, and Grandeur, to Maritime Power, we may, wiihout pretending to the Gift of Prophecy, venture to loretcl, that tuch a Nation is not tar from being undone. But it litinie to quit Refledlions, however juft, to purlue the Thread of our Hiftory, which leads us to another Subje.-t SECTION '^I^B Part of tha acquinng applied hii a Man in mm famous for perfect Kn thrice thcr ^^1 Pilot, and ■SiW was, of N fli le Maire t i^H think it I ^^1 Seas than ■ this was jK) to the S ^H Commtxli I^H Schcxten a 3H fuch a Pa 1^1 to conlirn ^H Southern 9 Siibjc<^t, 1 fuch a Di I^B General ci ■ Eajl hid. dilcoverii ; ^^1 from eitin H fequci'.ce Maire, 1 ^^1 wards the ^H and his F 1 IjMc le .1 nelifon iV. fons, riz I "Janfon A the fame ^1 5 Chap. I. WilliamCornelisonSchovten. ff S E C T I O N IX. 'J'he remarkable Foyage of Vf iL\.i hr,i Cornelison Schov^ten, o/" Horn, atsd ]kQ^zi L E M A i R E, round the Worlds by a new Parage into the South Seas. I. 7bt- Rife, Progre/s, an J true Defign, of this Undertaking, j. the flrange Reports J^read concerning it in Holland, thcr I'alTage into tlie South Seas than by the Strcights of Magellan ; and whether, if this was poinble, it was not highly likely, that the Countries to the South oi' tliat l'.!llagc might afford as rich Commodities as cither tiie taji or tVeJl Indies ? Mr. Schovten aniwercd, That dure was great Reafon to believe fuch a Paffage might be tound, .-in. I llill Uronger Rcalbns to confirm what he conjedurcd as to the Riches of thcic Southern Countries. Alter many Converliitions upon diis Subjeft, tluy tame at laft t>j a Refolution ot attempting fuch a Difcovery, from a lull Perluafion, that the Sjutes General could not intend, by their exclulivc Charter to the Eaji India Company, to preclude their Subjcrts Iroin difcovrring Countries on the South by a new Route, dillim^t from cither of thofe mentioneil in that Charter. In con fequcnce ot this Agrcenu nr, it w;is tlipulated, that le AIt\ and his Friends, (houKl advance one Moiety to- ward.s the lueeH'aiy KxjM-ncc ot the Voyage, and Scbuvttn, and his Friends the other. In puiiliance ot this Scheme, Ifaac le Mture aJvanied his Pait ot the Money -, .uid Cor- nelifon Sikovten, with the Alllflance of the lollowmg I'er- fons, viz. Pelet CLmentfon, Biirgermaller of Hern •, John JanfoH Aloli-nuen, one of the Siiie^Kii or Aldermen of the lame I'l.ice i Jvl'n Clementfrnt Kas, Senator ot the iiud 5 Town } and Cornelius Segelfon, a Merchant of Horn ; laid down the reft. It is certain, that fo many People of Subftance would never have embarqued in fuch a Project, if they had fo much as fufpefted, that the Eafl India Com- pany had a Right to confifcate their Vtffels and Effeifls whenever they had it in their Power : And we fliall here- after fee, that the States General themfelves were of the fame Opinion in a Cafe that lias happened in our own Times, founded not only on the fame Reafons, but on the very Difcoveries that were made in this Voyage. As foon therefore as thefc Matters were adjufted, which was in the Spring of the Year 1615. the Company engaged in this Undertaking began to apply themfelves to the carry- ing it into Execution, propoling to equip for that Purpofe a larger and a lefs Veffel, to fail from Horn at the proper Seafon of the Year. And that all Parties might be throughly fatisfied, it was determined, lUai fVilliam Cornelifon Schovten, on Account of his Age and Experience, (hould have the Command of the larger Ship, with the fole Dircftion of the Voyage ; and that Jaques le Maire, the eldeft Son of Ifaac le Maire, fhould be the firft Supercargo. The Company were I'o eager in the Profecution of their Defign, and to attentive to whatever might be neceffary to pro- mote it, that in the Space of Two Months all Things were ready, and a llitficient N iiinber of Men engaged for navi- gating both Siiips. Bur, as Secrecy was ablbluiely neceffary, the Seamen were articled in general Terms to go where- ever their Mailers and Supercargoes fliould require ; and, in Coiilidemtion ot to unufual a Condition, their Wages were advanced conliderably i which was a Circumllancc of fuch Conllquence, and there were in thole Days fo many adventurous Spirits, thi't they did not find it at all diHicult to make up their intended Complement ; which gave them an Opportunity of chufing none but experienced Mariners, on whole Skill and Fidelity tluy could depend, a Circum- llance of the utiiiott Conl'equencc in a Voyage of this Nature, where the I'empers of Men were furc to be thoroughly tried. I . Thefe extraordinary Preparations, bur, above all, the mighty Secrecy that was oblcrved, cauf d a i:,reat Noife, not only at Jmjierdam, but all over Holland, where Peo- ple realoned on the Intention ot this Voy.ige, according to t!ie feveral Degrees ot their Capacity and Exper.encc, (bmc tanlying they were bound to one Place, Ibine to another > but the common People thought they hit upon their pro- per Title, in calling them the Gold-finders ; whereas the MerJiants, who were better verfed in fuch Matters, called them, with greater Propriety, the South Company, and in- deed that was their true Delignation •, tor the real Defign ot Ifaac u- Mture was to difcover thofe Southern Regions, to CI ric V O Y A G E S »/ Book r. 1!» ii ^o which ff* l*foy)le had hithfito travelled rvni in Imagi- nation, and whiili, by an unarcoiintabl'* indolence, re- main, in a great mrulurf, iiiuUfcovcrcd (o tliis I>.iy. To l^iAik. the 'Inith, fhs wii< ilif /Vf.c ot Dilcovcncs, one Man's Sucafs whrttinf; tiir SNit ot another \ and perhaps this vciy I'ndcTtakin^ niirjit (pnnf, from Tome Acfoimtt that IfiUic le M.iin; who wa^ thdirft Author of the Voy- a;.',e, miglit have had from I'nj^land. I d" not f'.iy this, from a rhiliilh rorwIneC'; for l, ar.vl I Ihall pivc the Reader niv Kealons lor it. 1 intinu:ai, in fpiikuii; ot" Sir Francis Driikc\ N'oyopcs, tlut it would have Urn Iiapj7 tc^ us and tor I'olUrity, it Ik h'l wtitrcn ai Account ot" them hinilllf. Sir Hi- (l.^ij i7„:t*,;if, \v1ki km w him well, tells us that it was f!K' Opinion of Sir /•>■,)>%/', that what w.»s griierally called the SiHKh Slion* ot the Strn;;hrs of Magellnn, was, in icaliiy, no nior. than a Clullcr ot' Iflands, or broken L^nd. Nay, he ^ocs farther, and affirms, that he h'.ard Sir Francis Drake |jy. tha*, havmr- i-afTcd the Streights, a Storm tix)k liiin at Scrth well, ;>,miI afterward', veerevl alx)ut to the Sinitli-wcn, coiitmu::!^ many Days with (liih Vtul'-nce, tliit his Ship couli tarry no Sail: When rlv.- Sturm was ever, utul he had an Oppirtuniry of" taking; aiiUblcrvaiinn, he found himfelf in io' of Longitude-, from whence he nillly eonrct'itrd, that he h.td Ken blown quit" round the Strciphts ; tor, xs we hsvf obferved mire than once, bcth thr F.ntranccs of the Striights ol Maj^tUan arr in the fame l.atitu.le, whiih is ..b<)\it r^i' 50. Sir Frnitis Dr.ih Vts To flronply ptrfuailril ot thi', that, tirhiin*; it difiiiiilt |o doi'ble the Southermolf IHand, he arrhorcd under the l,ee oi it-, an', poing afl^ore witli a C'ompat's he lound the South Torn ol the Iilam!, over which, layin!:» hlmfclf fat upon his Un-afl. \v hung lor a Minute or Two -, and then, it-lurni ip on Iwarii his Ship, toKl his Seamen, that he ha'l been lartltcr South than any Man had ever been f»efc)re. It IS very jTohahle, that lomc of tholi: who envied Sir J'rsnci!, made hght of thefe Particulars when he firfl rclatcl th -m, and treatrd tliein as Travellers Stories are oficn rre.ited ; but Sir Riclrrd Hawkins, wh.o had lieen in ti-.oli- ."-trciphts, and was a very jtuhcions Man, as a great Navii^itor, kept thrl'e Sayings in his Mind -, and, alter If had i()'ni«n-,! what Sir Franas faui with t'le Apix-arame uf thol"c Striiphts, hi reailily concurml with him in Opi- nion. Yit, t"ii;>iHilinp this to Iv the Cafe, there was no I'.fj Nicnt in le Muire't, I'rojert, than there would have Ix-tn witliout It, fince it rniuii-jd preat Sag.icity to diUmguilh a true iif-j«)it, in a CaJc of this Nature, Irom a living Tall- -, M\A teliiifs Sir Ir.m.is Drake never advanced any thing with n par»i to a Sjiithern C ontinent, that was in- tiiely gurlVei! at by the Contriver of this \'oyagr, Irom the laws of Nature, and a nift Conruirritiun ol the Har- mony, vk!.!ih IS, in oth^r n-fjk-^t^, ohkrveJ 111 tlicDilIri buti'in «■! I.m.i and \V ater. in tin lUpinninp ot the M'/Hth ol /"•;..;■ I'l-,. the South Company ilitw thtirMen t'lpclicr-, an.;, en t!ie i^th of tli.it Month, they wur rniihreci i«-l.>re the Mapiilrates of Hem, uwk their Leave til their In nds and Kiiations, and piei-iied to embark t,n txiari their S'.uyn. J. 1 he b:pg-ll: of thefc VelTels w.^r called Th:l'n;ty, f)f fill- Bur-.lfP ot ,'(1 ' Ion, eari>ii'p Nineteen Fiee < s ol Can- r.on, an, I Tv.eive Swiv. iv. .S;ic had on |>o,irit hkewiU- a I'lnnavc to ad, and anotiier to row, a 1 juik Ii fur l.UKlinc ot Men, am! a Imall B.>at, with ail otlif r Neietlarics what ever lor fo long a Voyage ; ;uxl ol this N'elVel // li.iam C.or- ttfl:i Ji4/ti i.\. ih<-y lail( 1 out (jI ilie Jcxe.', MvA, pafling in Sig:it ol Diiihrk, bctw.en Di/:rr m\A(ji.'jis, amhnreil <.n the I -,111 in the J)o:.ns, wlidi li'iHiam Lurni.'iioH ^tLcvun Weill on ll.ore at Djitr, m utda «o get Irtlli Walsr, .titd to hire on Iin<^li/b Gunner 1 wliich accnrd'ingly he did, and that l)ny fentium on bturd. They failed again in the Even inp, ami met with lev. ral large Dw/t/" Ships iailen with Salt In the Night betsveen the till and 7 id, they were grie\' oully riilUcd by a Storm -, which obliged them to put into the llle of ll'ii^tt lor Shelter, where Captain Schovlen en- deavoured, if (xiHible, to have hired aCarjxntcr, but with- out Sncct'ts, which obligt^i them to fail oh the j.-,th fui PIxmoiitb, where he arnved on the 27th, and there hired a CarjKnter of Miydeniilick. This fliews the gre.lt Kl>r , that the Englijb Artificers were then in •, tor it cannot i)'- preliimed, that I'erlims of fuch Knowledge in Maritime At fairs, as Sthoitfn and le Mnirc, would have neglected lure ing fuch nctelVary Orticers as Gunners and Caruenter, in Holland, if they had not believed it for their Intere.' to have A»if///?'»»r« in thole Stations J which flrongly cui, firms what John 8tou-e tells us in his l liftory, that, towaui. the latter Lnd of the Rti(;n of CJieen EliZiibelh, tht re were vail Numbers of Ship-carpenters here, who were ellccnvil the l>etl VVorkiiKn in Europe, anil were withal accomphnuil Seamen likcwife -, which is alll) taken notice of by Sir Rithmi Hawkins, in his Obfers'ations. 4. On July 2S. they faileil from Plymnfb with a North North call Wind, and very fair Weather. On the 2gth, Captain Scl'cvten made a Signal for all Ollicers fo conic - :i Ixuril -, when it was rcfolved in a Council, to Ii trie the Hi'-i ol their Sea Allow.incc in fuch a manner, as that the Men might have no Rcafjn to complain, and their Officers be i;i no Apprehenlions of their wanting I'rovifions during tl'.e Courle of fo long a Voyage. The Rate they fixed in th- lollowin;; Portions ; 1/2. a Can of Beer a Man every Pay, lour I'otiiuis of Bilcuit, halt a Pound of Butter, and m much fWeet Suet, lor the Week, together with I ivc larg; Dutrb Checks, that were to fervc them the whole V'oy.ig-. This W.IS cxelufive of Flclh or Filh : And we may, fiom htnce, form fome Notion of the Frugality the Dutib vi- ^iilled with in thofc Days, and from which they have de- viate.l very little iver fmce. They likewifc made the nc- cellary Orders tor the due Regulation of the Voyage, direci- inp, that, in cafe of landing Men, one of the Mailers Ihoiild always (oinmand ; that, in Ports where they went to trade, the Su|)ercargo fhould go on Ihore, and have the folc Pi region of the Commerce ; that, on board, every OfTictr Ihould l>e lliiifl in the F'xecution of his Duty 1 but without J uttmg unnectflary Hardftiii's on the Men, or interleiir,;; with other Officers in their Commands -, that none of the Officers rtiouKl hold any Converlijtion with the Seamen, i.i relation to the Delipn of the Voage, which being folely in the Breall ot the liill Captain and Suj>ercargo, Conjiiflurcs mull be fniitlels, ami might Ik- ilangerous -, that any tin- lv7./.lement ot I'rovifions, Stores, or Merdiandi/.e, fhould be I'evercly punilheel -, and, in cafe of their being reduced to fhort .'Xllow.mee, then DlVeiiies ol this Nature to l>c punilh- eil with Death -, that the Two Su|)crcargocs rtiould keepclear and ililUnCt Journals of all Proceedings, for the Ufc of the Company, rh.it it might plainly apjiear, how tar every Man hadilone hi;, Duiy, ard to what Digree the Fnd ol the Voy- age h.id iK-en anfvvered. All thcle Rules were very exae'tly olifei ved, ami p.irticularly the lail -, lo that, from thefe Joui- na!s kept by the Suj«-icargne<;, this A((ounr has been tik:n. On fu'.y S. lx-ing in the Latitude of ^i>' 25', their Carpnter's Mate dietl. tJn the oth and loth, witii a North North-eafl Wind, and a IliH' (iale, they ftooil on then Courfc, without putting in to I'arto iianto, or Madeira, ot winch they had Sight on the i ith. The Reulim was, that, hivin^^, as they (onceivei!, Viiftuals fuiricient for the Voy- age, they dctirminei.l not to lole lime, by going neril- le!ly on ihor'-, eli'rcially lime hitherto their Mm wire vi- gmous anil m pmHl I i-alth -, whuh Refolution was tound- eil on an Oblervai, m m.iile by Caj t.nn iibo'ilen, tlut many Voyages had Ix-en lull, by ungeiiiig in Port without a;,y urgent Canle, when the Winds ami Siafcns were tan, and their Courfe nvght have Itren profec. t'-d without Deiiy. On the I 2th, they h.ul Sj.ht ot many ol the Natives ot thole I'.lands 111 tluir tioats lollowing thim at the Ditlanie ot aljoiit Two L( agues, witli duats, fowls Lruits, and other Helielhiijents, whuh tluy ufuilly larticd on U-arJ Slups, tli.it apjuar in .^ight -, bur ilie Dmilmtn, m jiif' luaiiic C'l iht KejiulatJoiib ilicy liad cHabhlhcd, Cid no; lliek i Soil, Chap. I. WlLLiAKtCoAr^ELlSoNScHOVTEN. 55 itn, 111 I'uis Sail, but continued thrir Courfe ^ and the fame Conduft tljry very ftcadily purtucd titrough their whole Voyage. 5. On July li. they failed between the I (land tneriff .m\ the grand G/warjf, with a ftiff North North-eaft Wind, an' I fwift Current. About the 1 5th, the fame Wind and Cuu It following them ftill, they pafled the Tropic of C(j«- ,/)•• The 20th in the Morning, they fell in with the North Side of CajK Verd. At Sun-rifing the Cape lay Weft by Sonth from t'lcni ; io tli.it the North North-eaft Wind would n,t fiiftVr tliini to gtt beyond it \ but kept them there at Am hor all that Night. The 25th, the Moorijh Alcaid came ,n boani tlvin, with whom "they agreed at tlic "rrc of !• ght States of Iron for a .Supply of freftj Water. Thev i, It the C'lix- Jvguft I. and the 21ft of the fame Month thfy fiw tlic liigli I and of Sierra Lttna, and alfo the Illand of Miidnikmla, which lies on the South Point of the iiii^h ! ..nml of .Sierra f.rona, anil North from the Shallows of Si. .//.•«'s Idtiui. This Land of Sierra Lima is the higheftof .'li, th.it liis brtwccii Cape VerdmA the Co.ift of Guiney ; fo fliat dir I'oint is very eafy to be known. Here they would iuvc Uncled, running up to the Point over the Baixos or Shallows of .9/. -^w/'s at Ten, Nine, Eight, Seven and Five Kathom W ater, it being ftil! deeper to the North, but Hial- lower to the I'.aft •, fo that, in the F.vcning, they anchored with a Hij^h-water at Four Fathom and a half foft Ground, and at Night at Three Fathom and a half. The izA,fVil- li.im Schovioi, in the Horn, led the Way off the Shallows, llccring North North-eaft, with a North-weft Wind •, by which Courfe they were intirely difengagetl from the Baixos, And got into Thirteen Fathom Water. FVom hence they went to the Iflands cf Madrabombn, which are very high, and lie all Three on a Row South-weft and North-eaft, half a If ague from Sierrit Leona to the Seaward. Here they had fhallow Water at Four and F'lve F.uhom, and foft miiti.fy Ground. They anchored a League from tlic Illand, wliicli appeared to l)c very full of Bogs and Marftics, and all over waftc like a WiKlerncfs, fcarcc fit to entertain any other !nh.ibit.inrs than wild Beafts, and indeed not fceming to have any other. CJoing aftiorc the 23d, they found a Rivrr there, the Month of which was io ftoppcd up with .*^;iniis, .md Cliffs cf Rockr, that no Ship could get into Ic ; y< t, within, the W.»ter was fufTicieiitly deep, and the Breadth fiich too, as to t'ive a Ship tree Scope to turn and \.ind herfclf about, as ftie fhould have Occafion. Here they l.iw Tortoifes, Crocodiles, Monkeys, wild Oxen, and a Sort of Birds, which made a Nolle, barking like Dogs. I'hcy met with no Fruit Init I .emons, fomc few Trees of which tluy found, after a tedious Search. The 29th about N(H)n, they got .above the IHands of Madrabomba Wcft- w.ird, along to the North Parr of the high l^nd, till they hail Twelve and Fifteen* Fathom Water, and, in the Even- ing, got about the Point. 6. On the 30th, being alTifted both by the Wind and Current, they arrived before the Village, that looks upon the KcTil nf Sierra Lecna, where they anchored atF.ight Fathom Water, a little from the Shore, in a very landy Bottom. The Village confiftcd of about F.ight or Nine poor Houfes, covered with Straw ; the Moon that dwelt there, were willing to come aboard, only demanding Pledges to be left alhore, to fecure their fafc Return •, Ixxaufea French^h\[>, tfiat came thither before, had jicrfidioufty carried off Two of them : So /fr/V Clawjon tlv Merchant went alhore, and ilaid ihi'te amongft them, driving a imail Trade with them tor l^emons and Bananas, which they exchanged for (ilafs- beadt ; and in the mean time they cainc on board, bringing .in Interpreter with them, who fjwkc all forts of Languages. Heru they hat! a good Opportunity of furnifliing themfelves with frefti Water, wliich pouring down in great Qiiantities from a very high Hill, they had nothingtodobut toplacc their Banels under the I'all of the Water to receive it. There were alfo v.tlt Woods of Lemon-trees here, which ni,adc I .emons fo cheap to thnn, that, for a few Beads and Knives, they might h.avc had 10,000. September i. they drove away before the Stream, and anchor, vl that F.vening at the Mouth qf the Sea, before a fmall River. Here they took an Antelope in the Woods, with Lemons and Palnii- los i and hod good Succefs in their Fiftiing. The 3d, tlie Maftcr brought in a great Shoal of Fifh, tliat were of tlic Sjiapc of a Shut-maker's Knife, aiid as tiuny Lemons as caiuc NvUB. 4. to 150 for every Man'* %m. The 4th, they failed from Sierra Leona early in the Morning. Oilobtr ,;. they made 4" if South Latitude \ and, the fame Day at Noon, they were ftnngely lurprifcd with a very violent Stroke given to one ot tliiir Ships \n the lower Part of it. No Ad- verfary appearc«i, no Ro» k wai in the Way to be encoun- tered with J hut, while tliii amulcd them, the Sea all about them began to change iti Colour, niul looked as if fome great Fountain of Blootl had been opened into it -, tliis fudden Alteration of the Water l)ring no lefs furprilii.g to them, than the Striking of the Ship \ but the Caufe both of the one and the other they were equally ignorant of, till they came to Port D(fire, and there fet the Ship upon the Strand, to make her clean \ Uve then they found a large Horn, both in Form and Magnitude refembling an Ele- phant's Tooth, flicking fall in the Bottom of the Ship. A very firm ami folic! Bth thcle Sliips were like to be wrcckecl toRf- thrr. The Vnily lay with her Side upon the (Jlifis j but flill kept the Water, and, by thi- Kali of the Sea, was gra tUially Hidden Aiwn tower and lower into it ; but the /hrn (hu k, lb as that her Keel was above a 1-athoni out of Wa- ter, and a Man might have walked dry under it at Low W atcr. She was, tor Ibmc time, obliged to the North- well Wind, that, by blowing hard upon her Side, kept her trf>m tailing over i but, tlut Siip]x)rt being gone, with the Wind that gave it, flic Junk down upon that Skie at leall Three Feet lowci than tlu: keel: I'jwn which Sight they pave her over lor loll -, and yet the fueceeding Floo^l, which cinic on with flill W'tathcr, let her upright again -, and lx)th l>ie ami her Companion ^at clear ol that Danger. The qih, til* V went laitht r into the Kiver, and came to King's Ifland, whu h they toiind nil! rincd very fuccelsfully. On the 1 8th, they liktwilc haled rhe/Zar/ion fliorc for the fame Furjxife, and plaird her atx)ut 200 Vards irom tlie other Ship. On th" ii)th, a very lirradtul Accident hap|>cned i lor, while ihey Wire hu(y cli.iniii!; both Sliip«, in order to which it W.U nrretfary to light .i lire of dry Reeds umicr the Horn, i; til f. il out, that the Maine j;or into the .ship, and lit it cis of .Sea Lioiis -, the y<'Ungoiwsthcy cjt, and toui'd them pretty gixid iixxl. '1 Ik .Va f Kin is a Creature jl% big as a Inull 1 lorte ; tlieir Hi,ul^ ii'linibl' l.ion* exai-ily , on thiir Necks tlicy have Jonp, Man. s rc by the Faf^ Land, which, upon the North Side, reaches F.ail SouCh-eaft as far as the FLye can follow it. I'his they called States Land \ and to that, which lay Weft, they gave the Name ol' Maurice iMid. Th'y obl'ervcd there were good Roads and landy Bays, good Store of Fiih, Penguins, and Porpoiles, and Ibmc Sorts of Fowl \ but the l^uid adjacent fecmeti qiutc bare of Tret s and Wcxxls. They had a North Wind at their Flntraiure into tliis Paflage, and dire/Ud their Couiie South Souih-wn the .South Side of tlie PaHage, at tli- Weft F.nd of MauTKt I.jMd, appeared to run Well South weft, and S Hi'n, and lyin^', m ,, ■" .(S . Th' y laid their Coiufe no.'. Wtilwaid, in which Couilc thty foUiid a Uroi-g Curnn: that ran that Wjy too, yet h.id the Wind in the Nnrtl'. and gry gathered a tu;l .Aliinamt trom hence, liu' tlic NN'ay »a» o|>-n into th. .Soutn ica ; this Day n'.aJc iIk l^ut'juc of 57' J.;.. The jift, they fadal Well, wiiii »f.> H)k I. ^1 chap. I. W t L L I A M C O R N R L I S O N S C H O V T E N. ?? the Wiiul in the North, and mailc 58^ •, l)ut the Wind tiirnitig to iIk: Weft anil Well South-wilt, thiy yskPCal Cajic Horn, lorinnaJl Sight of I*id, ainl Hill meeting the- Bil- Jovvs working .Southern newtounil Land, they had a lettledCourfe « 1 biul VVi.ithei, a thick and iog^y Air, and Itrong Cur- rk.s in the ihiali time that fome of the Company went to letch WiUer \ finding the Itland thus inaccclTible, they determined to purfuc their Voyage. The i ith, they pafTcd tile Tropic of Capricorn the Second time, holding their Couile North well. Here they hail die general F.all and I'jit .South-eaft Wind, and held their Courfe North Nortli-wi It to the 1 fjth Day \ and, when they matle 1 8% thtn Uiey changed tiieir Courle, and liiiled Wett. April i. tliey made if, 1.', and hail tlicn 00 Variation uf the 4 Comjiafii, but a confiderable Variation of the Temper of tlieir Btxlies from a good State ot Health, by rcaibn of the Flux, which had ieizeil the btft part ol their Company. They liiw .1 little low llland, 3 Leagues Diltance, whiih tluy got up to at Noon-i lure they heaved the Le.id, but could find no Boitom, and therefore put out their Slul lops the Men that went alhore found nothing tor Ke- tiellimenr, but lome 1 Icrbs that tafted like Scurvy-g.ifs \ but gave an Account of a viry filent fort of Dogs they hail liren thtre, that woulil neither bark nor fnarl, nor male any Noife at all 1 for this Keafon they called it Doj, IJiind: li lies in 1 5-' ii\ and they judged 025 Lx-agucs dillant Irom the Coaft ot Peru. The (iroiind is fo low, that, :it JJigli w.iter, it llcms for tiie moft part to be overflowed, and lias nothing round about it but a fort of Ditch, belet with 'Trees, between wliich the fait Water breaks in ill leveral Places. 12. The 14th, tiiey failed Weft and Welt by North; and the tame Afun-oon, thiy faw a large but 1<. v llland, reaching Noith-ealt and South-wetl a confiderable Way : At Sun-fet, being about a league from it, an Indian Canoe advanced to meet them i the Men naked, with long black Hair, and their Bodies of a reddilli Colour ; they made Signs to the Dutch to romc alhore, and call- ed to thcni in their Language ; and though they anfwer- cd them in their own, the Spanijb, Moluctan, and 'Javan Tongues, yet the Indians underftood them not ; fo that both Sides were in the Dark as to each others Mind : When they got up to the llland, and founded, they found no Bottom, neither was there any Change of Water, tho* they were within a Musket-fhot of the Shore : Here the Indians and they had another unintelligible Conference \ but tlwy would not be perfuaded to come on board the Ship, by any Signs the DHtcb coukl make to invite them to it -, neither would the Dutch go alhore to them, though ftill they kept talking and pointing to one another, while nei- ther Side utiderftood what was (poke by the other. Leav- ing tliefe People, therefore, to tliofe tliat could underftiuid them, they failed away South South-weft, togctabovcthe Lanii ; and, having made that Night I'en Leagues in a Soudi South-weft Courfc, the 15th in the Morning, they tailed cloli- along by ttvc Shore, on which Hood feveral of thofc naked People calling to them (as they guctTed) to lanii i prefcntly alter, one of their Canons came towards the Ship, but would not come near it, yet ventured to the Shallop, where tlie Dutch and thefe Indians fell to their Conferences again. The Dutch gave them Beads, and Knives, and Icveral Things that pleated dum, which Kmd- iiefs emboldened them at 111 to come a little nearer the Slu{> ; but llill they would not go aboard her, but got bick into the Shalbp 1 neither had they any great Reafon to be fond of their Company there, for they are a Parcel of light- fingered Fellows, and h.ive much the fame Degree of Con- fcience and Flonelty as the People of the Ladnnes : They love Iron, as die Inhabitants of thofe lllands do, and they love to fteal it like them. The very Nails in the Cabin- windows, and the Bolts upon the Doors, could not keep their Places for them, but they would have them otf : This they found to be true, by one of them who had cunningly flipt into the Ship, and pulkd out all the Window-nails, which, for Security's Sake, he had ftuck into his Hair : Nay, they are fo very impudent, that whatever they lay Hands on is their own, it the Owner dots not rc'cover hb Kight by Force. When the Dutch gave them fome Wine, they lirank the Liquor, and kept die Cup ; lb, when they threw out a Rope to bring them to the Ship, they would neither ufe the Rope, nor return it ; and tlicir Qualities are not more ixld than the Figure they make ; for, belides that they are all naked, ('except the Pudenda, which is covered widi a fmall Mat) their Skin is all over pidured with Snakes and Dnigons, .md fiich-like Reptiles, which arc very fignilicant Emblems of their own liibtle and mifchievous Nature. 'The Dutch, having a mind to try if any thing were to be lione with them, or to be gotten in the Ifland, Cent their Sh.iliop, with Eight Musketeers, Six Soldiers, Ixfides other of the Ship's Company : They were no fooner landcil, but 'Thirty of thofe People rulhed out of a W^ood upon them, and with great Clubs and Slings, and lung Suves, they would have feized the Shalbp, VuM .pi \ hAWi fi 'A ^ !i 'ii! ¥ 1 1 7 '• ' ne VOYAGES of a '/V Book ?. ! i 1 H i:t Shalbp, and taken awiy thr 5olJim AtiW •, but thcMtif- kfti being let fly amongft thein, kept them from Robbery at that time. This llland they ciIW the ^ witbevi Ground, bcciufe they rouW not «nchor iherr. It is not broati, but fomrthing long, and full of Trees, which they pucflTe*! to be Coros anif Palmitos. It is a white fandy linmmi, and lies in 15' South Uttittide, and about 100 lA-agiii"; trom Dffjf IJIand, Seeinp nothing to bcdotie hefe, thry i^r S.it!, ami he1>l thrir Ceutfc Weft to Seaw-ard \ here havini; Uit a flight Water, and no Billows, as the Day KtorJ out <tiu< in Demtlilo F>'alerr». ^ Pau/anini in Alli:^>. ' iuiJai, initrh tliimcia. Orofiui, lib. vil. <. i6. Syiijus, 1 m ISip ilSi'f i .'Jim 'I'M m ■ L. .M B, o were Mi'mm^ ! ! t ; "ii ; "I ^ lit 1 ,( 1 f 'f*: J i8 /^t' Difcovcry, Settlement, ^mi Commerce Book I. 1 , > 11 - ' t ■ '5 were convcytil to ilu- jV;>, as it was tound for tlieConve- liimcy ot' tluir Owners. ' lliis was all ilone by I And CarruRP, tliar is on Uk Raiks ».t' Caini'ls the Journey being iiivulid n to eleven .Stages, none ot wlueli exeecd twenty Icvm Miles. At Coflos the Meuliants lud other MagJUines, in whiih tiicir (ii)ods were laivt up, liil they tliought Ht to luid tlit ni down tlie Nile, direi'lly to .iUsaiuina. But thcC'ouniry Ixtwcen Loptos and Boinut W\n^ an abfolutc UelVrt, not only witliovit Villages, or lloules, but even without W.itrr, risUmy caufed a Lanal to be cut diredly U tween the two Cities, on each Side 1)1 which there were Villages, ami in u.l ot tlKiii Inns tor the I'.ntertaiiiniciit iA ralUi^ers i I'o tiut liiini a \Mld, uncultivated Country, as it had K-en for many A^es betcre, he reiuicrcd iipradiiah'e, at leal^ it not plialar.t •, and thus a new, late, and euirnicxlious Route was opened to the huiu:', by the Care and Indullry ot this wile I'mne. But as the .htwum Seas were always luljict to hiates, and as this lith I'ladc w.is \ery likely to tempt them to dilUirl) it, he tookiaie t<> have a mari- time lorcf in the Rtd Sea, always capable ot piotect- ing it. riie more wc confider the Methcxi he t>:<c any great Quantity ol dooiis a.s Mycs Ihr- vi:is, to tempt the IiiiUbiUi.ts ol ih- .uijaveiit Countrirs to endeavoiir turpi iliiig them, cither by l..ind or Sea. It is certain, that a lliortcr Roaii might have iern tound to the Nii'f, if the I.t.ngtii of tiut lud I'.ot lud its Adv.mt.ige. '■ All the Coui.tiy between Cojtcs and Ikrettut was, by this means jxoplc-el, that had lain watle I etcrc : And if is very ea:y to dileern, tlat the tultivating a Defrrt is as much an A-iiuilition ot Coui-.try, as tiie Lrmiuell of a Tra(ft ot 'I'er.tory ol the ijiwx li-xtvnt. By this means he alto aiignKnicd the Numlxrot his Subjects, who were to find their Account in this 'l'ra, though th': I'allage thither would have liecn Ihortcr, and, in all Ap- pearance more (o.-ivenient. But lie very puuleiitly fore- law, that what, vtr l-.xpemes tell upon this Merchandi/.e, from the length of its Carnage, mult be paid by luch lorcigntis as puiclufii liiJ.an (.'too<.h u .-HfXMiJna, and thcretore mull be to much elearCiains to all fueii ot his Sub- jcdts, who Wire concerned, in ai.y manner whatever, in this Commerce. Bcfidis tlierc was no I'ort in his KiiigduiM that docul l"o convuiirnt tor the Trade ot the Mtd:icrrantan, as this ot .-Hexandrut ; and a> for the Trade o! tlic E.ill, while he was lure, that it could not be taken trom him, or broken in upon by oiiicrs, there was no Danger oi its being at all hurt by the J xngth of the I'allage. .'XJd to this, the great Advantage that retulted trom havir.g all the rich Commo- dities of the VAX expoled to the View of the Merdunts, w!io came 1 1 yHix.indna on other Accounts, from the \\'ci\i tiiice, by this me.Vis, thole Commodities were not only exported, liiit the 1 am- and Reputation of them f|vread, even to the moll dill.uit I'arts of Europe, and thereby Irelli Cuilomcr'. biougliC trom all Ciyartcrs. And, as he thus projerttxl to draw all the TraJcol il,. l-jft and Well into liw kingdom, lb he providd a v great Fleet tor the proteaing ot it, Rut of wludi lie U in the Ked .S'w, and I'art in the Medittrranean. ihn , the Mf.liicn.inetin alone w.is very gnat -, and lomcoi t',t Ships ot it ol a very unutiial Bigncis i tor he had in it uq Ships of thirty Oars ot a Side, oi e ot twenty Oars, f.urii fourteen, two of twelve, fourteen otelivcn, tliiny oi hm thirty feven ot ti-ven, five ot lix, leventeen ot live ; ami ^ four Oars, and tlin c Oars of a Sule, lie had double the Number of all thcle alrudy mmtioned •, and he had over and above, of the lin.ilKr Sort of Velllls, a v.dl Nuin'tr • And by the Strength of tins Meet, he not cnly iiiamta;r.« and aiUanced the Trade of his Country, but alia kept nioi of the Maritime Provinces ol lejjer ./la, that i>. Ohm J'amphMi, and Carta, and alio the CviWo, m thotoiLh Siibjeclion to him, as long as he lived. II. All the latter I'att ol the Reign of f/j/wv /)/...,,. lUlpbus was a Siene of Joy aiul 'IViuinph. ;W,;/).t, w^o lud torn I rem hiiii the i'roviiues ol Cyme ar.d /j,« gre.w;rg v\k\ and intirm, lilhnid to the'lMatts of ,\a! tore, alter having lo long followed the Sentiments el .\ni. Intion V and wlicii he drew ne.ir his f'.nd, bcqucjthilhj only Daughter lUrenue to the Son and .SucLdrur tl J'lc.'emy, and with lier his Kingdom. 1 lis War with, ». liochtis ended much to his 1 lonour \ that is tu Ly, ini I'e.ice ui^on his own Tanis, whiih he made fo much ij-.i: more moderate, as he had the I'ower of nuking them othcrwife. On the ronthuling this War, he f^avc h.> Daughter Bireni.e in Marriag.- to Jmisibus -, and out oi AlTtctioii tor her, comnuivled the Me. t in I'tnim, m carried her to ii(Uuc:ii, on the Orcntes; and, which was i Mark, jx-rhaps, (.f 1 uxuiy, as well as 'I'en.lernels jiect- deied Vellils to W lb ii.itioned, as that the might rccii- larly receive, in Syria, the Water of the AV/i', and r.o; tx obligeil to drink any other •*. i'liiladelpius had not, jxrh.ips, the military Viinics; and, having been Lxjrn in E^ft, wanted I'omewhat o! r,:i Father's ScMiiiy of Morals; but, in otiur rd'ncts, ft: was at fince, the wiltfl, the moft {X)wertul, and the mo;l amiilleof I'niices. lie w.is, with all this, a Politician oi the full Older-, he defpilird Cunning, antl hated .Artimc: 1 le was his own I'lime Minitler, and laid that virt;;j,a I'l.in ot F.mpne, wiiith ellablilhed luch a Foree, asreliiie:, tor many Ages, the Follies ami \'ices of his Succcfe I liij |)i;miiii()ns were very extenlivei and it does notj;- |>car, that he li.id any I'hirtt of inlarging ilu-m, attlicls- pei.ce ot his Ncighlxjurs. On the contrary, tlutirll.Mii.iii of his I'olitics was the aci|uiriiig Subjects r.ithcr i.'a.i I'aiifory , and he aeiiim>d them t)y the plain aiul l';m,;: M(t!.oil, ot Undying thur Cjood. 1 le enciainii^eJ I."- diitliy, and created it: lie employed his vail I'uw.n.i making his own IVople luppy, and not in Ulxliang u.'.cr Nations : I le mar» lied an Aimy, indeed, to the lTc)ii!:.tJ o\ 1 ihicfiii, not to iiukh with a View ot coiiquei:":; "t Ixiriarous .Nations that inielled Jiis Frontiers, as to ovi- li/r tliim ; and It was this .Army he employed, in oihtt.j that tamous (..inal we have l)ctore mentioned, trom (/;;<•; ui lierenue ' . Other bxp ditioiis he milled to hi' bi;;!:- rais, luit this he eoruhKted in I'erlon, and directed t.'C building all the 'lowns in the Neighbourho^xloi ihciS.'- .Sea. I le cultivated, with the utmoft .'XITiduity, a'l the Ato of I'e.ice I he inlargtd t!ic famous l.il'iary ui li:b laLicn continued, and increafed the I'enlions given by him. W learned NUn, with wlioin lie convi tIclI timili.uiv, *"■• heard the Advice they gave him, tlio' delivered wiiiit.w utmoll Freetlom. It was by this means, tint he ijr^*' Men of dillinguilhcd I'arts trom all Countries ■, anu ic- (piired tlich extr.iordinary Accounts of th.e Comnv.r:*, Learning, Arts, and Manufactures of ioreigti Natwr.^j .is emibled him to improve every thing in /.., .•//' b;y-"-' his I'r 'decenors. 1 le was indelatigable, m his A;:^-'' tion to the .Affairs of Cluvernment, a:id to his .Stutlies •• ^ lie kept up alio his Father's Cuiloin, m cuii-'tr.-V kindly with all Ranks of I'eople ; and thereby fccure^ t- • Sirah, li!>. .ivil f. S ' T^rMniiii in I, 1.11} XV I Strain, l:b. .xm, ;. Pi:!.my^hze\ litreniif, in hiiTablci, in J/>fiaiiui IH ."r^/iilisnr. jllhtn. Iii. V f the Latiiutlc ol' i } Dfg ^o Mm iO}. ' i'ul, rnui iilriilu^il I'i'ih U'j xmv 1 . 1 :. " Plin.llJI.!^'" '-f"' ,'ii. VIII ( 59 uravii chap. n. of the T\k^T Indies. «'U' uiuvtrf.il AiTfif^ion of his Sub;ofli. 1 lis Sidrr /1>JiHct^ fthoni hf marrtnl, tho* older than liiinfcif, w.is cxtrt'in. ly licir to him, inroiiiii'.h tlut her Dcatli p;ricv(.vl him tii lii. |i a PcjTrcf, as to (Kcalion his own. It miy not lu ainils to (ibKivc, that, among the iLariictl Men he hail ahmit liiin, tliire was one Dinocratts, a tamous Architect, who, to nuke liii Ccurt to the King, propoliil the buikiiMR ,i rinipli: to .irftMe, tiie Dome ot" which was to he loniiuikil " j(]ifil I .oaJllones -, by which it was projrled, that the ,',,L.ot',/r/fi;»f,madeofluiniilh'ili>t.el, lh()uii.lli<'lull,iiiuili a:nl inmi hence all the Notions ol this Sort, that have Ix en liublilluil to the World, are derived. Hut tho' tlii'. 'IVniple was Ivpim imJcr the UireiSlion ot' Dinocratts, yet it was niViT cuniplitcd •, tor both the Kiiiy anil the Architect i;k\!, Ivti-ie it Wius railed to any conlidirahle \ l'.i(',ht ', lliis Monarch left bthind him m.my Ihinini', MaiUs of his Wikioni and Policy, and arncngll tlule i, veral n'W C'.tiis but exadly on /ILwjnd.rs I'lan •, that is to lay, not Iroin the V'anity of being a Founder, but becauir he ilif- cjnui the Ull-hilnefs of fuch Cities, in the I'laces wher.' he built thtni : As for Inftance, having confidcred the Situa- t;uii lit iVitfiine, and how much the I'ladc ot that Country ir.rht be improved, by the Conllrudlion of a proper I'oit iin'm itb Coall, he direded a commodious Siiu.aion to be luiditoiit; ami in the Country ot.7: UjlU^ xvii. Hterm. in Da- ; i' '^^1 1 ■ 1 th. l,b. thac 420 The Dilcovcry, Settlement, ami Commerce Book I. 'if. ' I'-f -■ 'i Mr th.ir r.iit of Ills Dnmiiiions more fccviro ; aiul fur tlio lame Ki.tlitn that hu i'atlirr alio luvl eifiitvl I'ottri-lU-. in tli' 1 ri-nticn of A.'/';i7/>;,», viz. that Iw nunlit hunt Ikjihants, «)t' which hi' hut always many m his ScrviLC. An antiint Writir ohlVrv.s, that Vteltmy Pbil.dtlpius was i\'i>iiti'ii the tiif^ I'rincc that hail diraplincil Kkpiunti ' v wimh, hi- thinks is t.> bo iiniicrllixxl iithfr ol ins Inin^ the tirll (ii,\i! I'linco t!iat hail thole Aniinals in his Army ; or t III-, tliat 111- ^^a^ the tiill of .'Uts,in,Lr'i SiKCciror!) that uiiil thrm: For, as he obkrvcs, Ixtoie the Conquril ot thf In- dill by .l!i\itn.{er, J'eruj hail miny I'.l -(jhants trained to War, \n !'.i< Army : bur, without iloubt, tlu' true Senli; ot this AlTertiim is no moro than this, that /'/j.Vwv J'bi- l.iJrJpiiis was thf tirll ot the With in I'limcs, wh>. iTouj^ht Kliphants into liu- J-ukl, ot his own -. tor thole tiiat St- l(uai.<, am! the nil '/iitr;.», who had taken Ki- liMie in Ins Dominions and had Ix-rn in great Favour with his F.ith r. Tins Pickmy was likew.fe charged with the Murder ol his Mothi'r i and throii^^hhii whole Keign(;avc figra! I'ntot^ ot a bile and barban us L),fpofition, whuh, ptob.ibly, induced the Governor he iia! placed in Syria, whofe Name was 'Ihtotiotus, to givi- uji the Ixll I'art of tiiat 0,11, try to .intiocbus, wlio, likewife, ircpared to iiivaili /•/;/>; •, bur, l> mi; hindered tiom the I'rolicution of that Df fij;;!, hy ilunicnic 'I'roul'lrs, he was forccvl to con- tent himielf with ruiuoiig Pbilr.dc'.pitj, wauh, as wc have bcfire fhtwn, was a new City buiii by PaUny PhtUddphus, in /uilia \ This gave the F::yptian Monarrli time to breath ; and, finding tiiat it was laipofTible tor him M lontinue h;5 idle and luxurious C'ourli' ol Lite, witliout ruimir.g the I la/.arii of loling his whole Dominions, hi alicmbled an Aniiy ot' f( vmty thoufand Foot, fur thoiifind Hoile, and llvcnty- tl'T'T Eirjihants 1 and matching -vith it thiouyh the Deferts sv!;ich frparatc l-^ypt trom Piilijhne, emamiKd at Ra- fhui, where he w.is met by /.uuocbm^ With an Army little iiite'ior "J iiiin m loot, and lu|)..r;oi in Horfe and Ivle- jiharts. 1 !( re P:s!fmy ran a great KiO; ot king killed by Tlcclctu!, who deli rted from Iiim, and who, being well ac- tju.iinted with the Egyptian Manner of encamping, went, With two of h;.s Friends, in the Dufli of the Iwening, di- reilly to Ptc!eniy\ Tenr, with a fJ-ttled Delign to have killed him , but, not tinding him there, he murdered his chief rh^lKiaii, .ind two other IVrfons, who were in the Ti-nt 1 aiul, in the C'onturion this (xcalioned, nvide his Flcajr. Soon . 'ur, this Qjiairel was derided hy a Battle, in wiiieh P:c!n;.y was viclorious : And it is vciy remaik- able, that his \\ iic .hjhioe, who was alf) liis .Siller, re- mained by his Side, duiing t!ie whole Fngagement. By tins Viaory he recovered a'.i his Dominions ; and miglit, it fie had purfuid his Advantage, have deprived hisl.ni^my o! ir.oft ct lus i whuii he negiected, that he might return homt; the fooner, to a Life of F.al^L- and I'lealuic: And diirin,^,the ril^ of his Reign, which Ufled lixte.n Years, he tontii urd in a conflant Couife of Dcluucheras, which ear- ned him to his (irave '. He w.is fiicreeded by his Son PfJemy hptpbanti, a Child < f f:v. Years old, ot whom tlie Kcmuns undertook the fiii.ir>iii!i!liip, and thereby prelirrved his Kingdom. This youn;j I'liiice ti.llowed his Father's .Steps very exactly ; and thereby provoked the Egyptians to cmie.ivour to depofe liim ; which, however, he ef. aix-d : And, thinking to mend his Atrurs, liy entering info torngii W.irs, one u\ his la- Vou:ites poilum I him, when he lud iat on the 1 i.ronc twenty-four Years. I fe w.is lin ereded l,\ IiisSdm,/'/,' '♦ lull .Spirit, th.it tin I'biloiKtrr, a I hild, who, when he i',u w liii. (ti, liy /Xyp.'uiii lit up' 1,11 Kr.itiirr /';^| ' J'/'Micn ; l)|)on whuh Civil W.irs cnliird, ai d tU- K , dom hadlKin ioiM|ueted I7 .Irtwcl-us, but tlia; thf ;/'"' tnatis again interpoled \ and luw Diltuitvinie buMJ,!!,,, Pbi.mCer, who wasbamlhcd Ins kingdom, lunuic!'' ('iimpallion ol the .Senair, ti ivt lied liom h,un,hii],„^^ Homf, on Finn \ and the next Year Pl.y,nii ,.^^.^^^\^ .i \ on the lame Firan I. 'I'he lormer ot thiti- I'mmAw i a gdierous and Unitiieiit Dilpolition, I ut thelaitir ot ' bate and Ixiibarous Temper-, and yit t\u- Remans, tmnu I'rinciple ot Interill, protected luni. I le w.n iu;i, .1 j I7 his .Son Ptelmy l.utiyrus, who was a very lud ' , .uul contimi.illy embroiled with his SuliiiCis, \(//rru. Alter this gie.it ConlufKin f .How.i) till, in the Year t-eforr Cluill, the Fj^iptumi I' t /'.{,',•,•);) Jul(.\i, who w.is the Baftard Son of l.atl.yna, upin liit Throne : He hid his .Surn.iinf of .fu'etrs, which li'm;i., tbf Pip.r, from his Fondicfs for Miific ; and is rnnarl- alile only, for givi.ig y«/,«/ C.rfar li\ tlioufatd Li'in-, that he migtit remain in quiet I'olUlllon of his K::;[;'o:v, in which the A'om.;rt.i maintained him by l'oicc,wh,nho i;.ij loll the AfliVlions ol Ins .Subjects. Attir a Rei(;n(it tuurtcn Years, he died, and left the Kingdom to his tkidi Sot and Daughter -, lor he ii.id two Sons, ami two IXai^'iuni but the eldell ol his Children was his D.mi^hter C.7r/i„ m, j famous, or rather in! imous, in I litlory, tor her Aiiiour?, full With Cr/tir, and then with ./nlb.iiy, wliidi hxt.iia were not only fatal to licifelt, but loher <.oiintry '. It is ealy to conceive, that, under fiich a R.U( el I'rir,.:', nothing li to be exiJciUd from the obUurc Hillor,^ i.'-a; are lett us of their '1 imes, 111 relition to thcC(iiniiiit\c a the Jndit'j, inanylX-grce compai.ible, to wh.it li.islxcir;- l.ited of the Reigns ol PbiLidiipl.ut .mil h.ua^iKs ; but, fiom the F"r.igment5 of /IgiUkmhidcs, who was lutorto one of the PtoUmtts ih.at yet remain, we gather, t.'iat this Commerce was, by them, not only maintainal, but ix- tmdedi and the Keafon ot this wa.s plain, licuiili: it brought in vail Qiiantities of Gold, precious Stone, Spices, and other rich CommiKlities, tl|)ecia!!y aercratie to I'rinets of a luxuiious and dillipating Feinjier. This lor Inllance, when it was once known, tli.it in a luky llland, in il»e Jrabian (iulph, which was called 0;/.;.;W, or 'The SerpeiH IJLinJ, from its being over-iun with '.hcl: venomous Creatures, there were many biight To|a/ci. Orders were immediately given tor cleanling it ; anJ i icr- tain Number of I'lopic fettled there to hml .and liigou: thole precious Stones tor the King alone '. In the Days of PfcUmy PbiLiddpkis, C.ire wo'.i'! luv: been taken to cultivate and improve this lilaml \ 1 1 ;:u:, at Icjft, the IVople, who were thus employed, mii'nh-vt Ix en plentifully tubl'illed : But a contrary I'ol.cy now p:.- vailed 1 the Idaiid was lett naked and delhture ot all I'liii'.-S and the I'coplc on it liipplied, at llated 1 inii-s, witii I'w- vifions by ttie King's Ships -, and, all t!ii<, to laiir.' tr.t Monopoly of tlu fe precious Stones, whuh, 111 llieli'l)a\>, weic highly valued. Again, on the Diicovay et Ud Mines on the Frontiers of tibiopia, thete were rot l>!;!' the Indullry of jrivatc I'erluns, or lealed out by ih I f>J«:^ but Multitudes ol i'cople, tondemi.id on tiivol.uis I'r.- tence', were hurt ied away thither , and, beiiiji i^wrJal bv UfKiies of Soldiers, of dilVcrent N.itioir;, tli.it tlu) mi;;- have no Op|>ortunity of convtrling with tliein, they »'^' comiK-llid to work in the moll tlavilh .Manner ; ami, t.;. too, without any Kelpite ui Rehef, till tlu y pailhcil uut luch intolerable llaidlhipb '-. T'he'lrade, all this Time, was cariied on in tw I'I-T'' Manner as betoie ; annual \'oyages were made to the b'f> ol Jiaiia, where ihc Jndian Menhaiits rcfvjrtcJ, and 1 1.' ^ Ptiim. in Canare Pau/aTiiiii ri ■'llllcil. Pj-[hf,,.; Cijur LivMinl. hi. ,ii. ' ./,„/ 4 ^»»i, lib. V <• 14, t'l (ita-cii i.u^ihiaiit St • Pttltm. II Cj's"'. • J' ( Uia.llr p.:,k till. »v. . Lo.T..".w-i'* Chap. II. of the East T k d r e s. 421 OmirraiitiM oF Furept f xcIunRcd, at a vf ry liiRh Ratr, jiMinll ihc rii lull (lotKls bi()ii[i;lit »rM, by the I'arafitei ihcy h.;d uljoiit tluin, on Mcaluris much worl'c than they \coiiiii (therwde have taken. 'I'his Miilhiet, howiver, mult li.ivt lalkcl lijine Ag' s Ixt'ore it could have intrcaied wiA A litiglif 1 fiiiLe K IS eviilent, that, at thr De- (ir.iCt:o!i ot thf Kingdom, their AtVairs were in a tukral.le I'ollurt (m this '.ide j many new Cities erected on the load ui the Rid 'ica \ the Canal to Berenice kept in good kvpjiri Jnd, llirh other Steps taken, as might coiiducc to prcfiirve I'o valuable a Branch of the Revenue. 14. 1 he true Source ot the Declenfion ot the I'owtr of /;•,;; was, the ill Management of that immenle Wealth, vhiih, ((thervile, mull have turned to fu great Advaiit.ige. 'iiii: M.1X1111S ot I'tokmy Piiy J'hiludi/flia in other Countries, the took caie tn au|iiire their I .angu.igcs \ and, belic'e* (Sreekt which was her Motl.cr-Tongue, ami /,<«»«, in whi(.h the was early .. llrufted, Ihe was able to convirfa with the hthhfiaits, 'l'rogte,lyiis, Jivjs, JraLums, Syrians, and I'trjiaiis, wiihout the Help ol an Intii [Meter •, fo, that il Iv 1 \ iitues had correl'poinlid, in any Ueji,rie, wttfi her l\irts, Ihe might have pieltrvtd, and been a Blelliiig to hci Countiy '. At her Accellion to the Throne, (lie was under the Guaali.inlhip of the Romans, ai.d hatl aiffually a Body of their lories about her Perlon •, bot the Contul'ons that aiole ill that Republic, liom tiie Difputes between Fom- J'Cy and C.rfar, might have atfoidcd her an (Jpportuniiy ol rtndiiiig E^pi independent, if Ihe had known how to ule it : But ihe was wholly iiitc .'it on what flie con- lidered, as her private Interelt, which was, the ruling with- out a Compaiuo.i, and keeping Ptohmy as much in Siib- j (5l:on, when he grew ri\ as while he was a Child. This produced a Civil War , nd Ptolemy and Ckojt. ra were, each of them, at the 1 lead ot an Army, when Poiiipcy, alter the tatal Battel of Pharfalia, endeavoureil to take Refuge in igypt, where Plolemy, who had nobody to advile him but the L'.unuch who had bred him up, and the I'edant who was his l'ia;ceptor, took the vile Refo- lution of making his Court to Crfur, l.y munlrring that great Man in his Diltret'-, which was acconlingly per- toiined ', Soon alter this Cjjar ariived at Alexandria, with no greater Force than 800 Horle, and ^ 200 l-ootv his Krrand thirlar was Money ; tor, as we obferved before, Ptolemy /luleics was his Client, had given him 6000 Talents in Hand, to procure the Romans Conllnt, that he lliould re- main King, anil a Bond for 4000 more, with Money he now came to receive •, and, accordingly, it was colleded tor liim : And Pothinus, the Eunuch, Plolemy'i firll Mi- niller, had a mind to have been lid ot him too ; and, in order to exafperate i\\<: Egyptians to fuchan Height, as might lervc ills Purpofe, he not only llripped the Temples, but obliged the King, and all the great Officers of the Court, to drink out of earthen VetTels, pretending that all the Tlate was m.lted to pay C.tjar\ Debt. But Cifar liimfelf took a Step, whic'» provoked the Egyptians more than all this ; tor, as loon as he came to Alexandria, he lint his Rcfcripts to Ptolemy and Cleopatra, commanding them to disband their Armies, and liibmit their Dilputes to his Decilion, which was a Strain of Authority that equally lurpriz^d and inraged the Elgyptians. Yet Crj'ar, as loon as lie knew it, found Means to quiet them, by declaring, that he did not do this from any l^ower in himlelf, but tiom the Title he derived under the \\ ill ot Ptolemy .-luUtes, who leaving his Children to the Gu.irdianrtiip of the Romans, and he being then their Conliil that Truft devolved upon him. Cleopatra, being informed ot Cafar's Character, quitted her Army, came privately in a little Boat to Alex- andria, there cauled herlelf to be packed up in her Bed- ding i and, being carried on the B.ick of one of her Ser- vants, was introduced into Cefar's Apartment, and laid down at his Feet. He was much moved by >.er J'ears and Intreaties, but much more by her Beauty -, and flie was io complailant to him, that this Interview produced a Son, which ft cured her his Intertft lb etViittually, that, inftcad of acting as a Judge, he became apparently an Advocate tor Cleopatra \ ' which induced Ptolemy, though in the ilands of Cxjar, to fend Orders to Aihillas, who com- manded his yVrmy near Peh-Jlum, to advance towards yilexandria, and attack the Rcm„ns ■, which was accordingly done. But though they were five to one, they tailed in * Pttltm. in Camxt. PUtant. m Jnltnft. • Plutai ^h. IB Punftiii. Jl'jiait. Jt Bt/lit tbcar ■',:i •V ^1 \H ■if III i'll' M -I' .I'l^ m\. I.' '''•;'•, m ; ij ^ :l life!;.} 1 , ■ :: ' 'k ■i i » ' 1 . ■ t ■r A ■ 1 r-iii ■i;' .^i;^ ■./|J*kPf 111 I it I W'-' % 'ff imi li 421 77v Dillovcry, .Settlement, iuui Commerce Book I. ihrirlT'*icn of rni'^Vinf O .V, who ilr«>Vi' tlifm out of i.l Winf, Iriiits .iiul a prrat Variety tj otli.r ih,„„, ilic'y iuxt4«.\ik .111' I Iirt witli whiib, anoiiliiif? C" ''" Huduiiir ol iIioU liniM, ihv tity w.tlumt I . .. im-y . . , , , r.mn- ill SMiafi. v:ii>.-l>. Ii<>vviv.%l Jll t!ic Ship lit War ,1-1 t!f Mavt-n vf I l4v, iIik i^ K.nCKl.fal, ic will apjr.ir cxirrnuly i„„h,t, ' ' "'ut ilirlwlU'ari tifth.it I'rolit. whiih llii,ulilluvirui,tn| Ih, mit.u'tmn, aiul iliirtuily iIuiim); ilic l.utir I'.irt ut f|.|,i.,. l)rm.inils niiil\ Ixcumc |>rf.itir . Ir mull allii Iv loniuLrnl, ilut wiicn I I'lKak nl ['. Iliiry 1)1 tlir Traill' \o the /■.;// liUia. I'l. lli'TC i< the create It Rralljii to hilievi-, iliiiorf jiriimi.al Motivi- wliuli intiiiicil liic Homam to Ix: lo I.- Iiiiioiis .lUnit the Ariiiiiliildii lc Tiailc inti) tlxir 1 l.iixl-, as well asl'm.r.;; /V.W.w./rM, to It ih!'>jn«ly tmrivil , inil, thi* lieinf^ rx.cuic. ^ prrcipiMt ly, I nx- ot tluin I'rovi on SIk n-, ami ImIu' lo tin- If^fli.iMi, troin tluir own p.uiliar 1 tailr, , «i!|.»renf Moiil>» hk-wilc on lirci wn.l th<- l-Unui lom- I'wallowui up hy tlicir IVinaml for lorii-ndiiixliami M., iniiiiii.iting t.'ic CV/.i'-. HilJory arcni.iinn in which I'livatc M.ninii^ht have (iijoy,d mtliur own li.uu %»ith none 111 whiih Iv w..-. in I'u imuh IVmner, or <4'f iin«l trum ihrir ji.utiiular l-oriuiu-, itlliliin!^ Irmn I'l r ,,*, ViOtoiy iii!.r I .rrn* •. .-iikI. iI I'lrlt.ir of their Imiiilhy ami Otinnoiny j but I mean th' ir mtrmlic R,f , King'i bfiiiK ilcl>i""Vf>l, who wji .ill ihis tunc in CViir'n ot doll an'l Silv.ri in wimh I h.ivc Ih.wp, lut ti.t, (amp, hi I not rHhaineil tliok in Anns, aiul chur Att.irh- alx)iMulfil, n\<.^r<: than any ntlitr Nation with.nthiN I'mui. incnc to t.«/>o/'.f, himliral a iv" I'-'it c,t tht /'XV^mw Ami, I hojie, I h.ivi- hk. wilc Ihiwn, tli.it the IkII hrt ct Nation's takinp Arms, thii NNar h.ul prrl'rrviil licm\ llm mtrinlic Wealth mull haVo bcm lUnvnl ir(,.ii[,, , Frecilom, ami thrtr own, by fhr total Ovi itl.rowol O/Jr, InJian Trailc ; bnaiilc th' re wai really no otlirr W.iy, [y in rpite ot all hi Valun , .m.l niiliiaiy Skill, ol N.tli whiih, whii h they toiiM aiijuirc if. I ilo not howivit Jtn.,' da; howevrr, he j;ave abiimtai'.r InlKiUKV I'lir War at l.ilf a i;rr.it I'art ot thisdi.M ami .Silver ml^;lit be uuirn-l trrnitnaicd m a iliiilivi Battle, lou(;ht by tin- A,-;//m»u, into *,<.v/'/, by thnr Halanic ol Traiic '^rfrt *.ItitTn lA I ^tpt, anil )oiiml with hit ruuKl Ik- ■ X|.fttMi from iiv, iip'n this .Siih|(d. 1 inin ■, her younger Urothir Plclfmr, who was thin 1 ut • Icvcn imUeil, hare Ipirnf myiWf a ^nat ileal U this I m",^, Year* uUl : As tor hrr Sifbr .fr/inee, who was 1 ow fallen by inlldiiiR on the I'lipV I-..i'l ot t!i'. 'I'rr.iluic anuiiai : , into hi? Hamls, hciairiut hit to A'c >,/«•, ami led her in /Wmv /77,W///>/'.'.t, and h.ivi- Irit the r ll tnthi H;i,u; 1 'rriumph, liavi'ip, how^-vir, at his Drpaituit from /iJfx- OhIcrvation v but I ih/„j*i llillory, every Lirdimlljr.ip" then, pn ]>trly tpi.ikiiiR, rndultlieOc^^ Fiiipiie ill /■.^if/>/v »huh, however, wilMc-rve to ihiudatc tlic tolljwir tl'.oiigh it was not as yet r. du.Til irto a Piovime. I -y Ihc Kea-liT mull k- mvloubtedly f.Uistiiil, even rr.^m this ibort N'lew of the Uilloty ol J-gjij-r, that the Tnafirrs of li.it ( ounfry muft be in a minn.r inex- haulbble, that nmld liillain thf Negligence ami Dilli- jiat'.on of trn iuch I'nnccs .is toliowcd I'hihfatn, tor the mighty I'.iiipire thi.y ha. I Ixlore obtameil uii •.;:.i there w;re lourfren f /o.Vm/M in all •, tin>.\, at thw- Death ol .Side, ..m\ making lure of a I ountry li) tiuitliil itil.T, J'tiljJdphut, th'T'- WM', in till- /•.^\/'/.rt« l-nipiic, no lets am! upon Mhiiiitluy, 111 a in.miR-r, lorillaiuly iKitoI.! thin 5 j,jj ) Litis. Ir is tur, that, by lU^rni, the for rrovifinis. Imleid, tholi', takt 11 togtthtr, were t.'e I'owcr ol /(o'/*/ liiiik; prodip,ioi:» .Sums of Money were thitt, ai Icall, il not tlio o:ily Motive, that ilitiTii.ini from time to timi exportrl, Imm t!ie lolly ami \S takncli them lo coiivcit it into a I'loi inic : lor if .my tl' ; ;; 1 ;., rf their Pritice«, vho lougli'. th.it Allillanci- trun thitr thau the abfolute I'oircti'ion of it could have lontcn;;! Wiaith, which ti.ey oiiijiii to h.ivc found from tluir Sub- them, tluy might have h.ivl it without ex. iiit',ii:lhir;; t.c ie'^s i :,n I wl'.o f'X)hf!)l; I imiid fhiy i.,u!d piirihatc (fillet, Kate ol the Piolftmrs, w!io, tor li) n.aiy tiincrMii.''', whrn t!i-y won!.! ni-t I c .it th- I'ains to tl-iure it by a jull hut Ivcii abloluti ly i!e|H-mltni ujkjii thini.and hdl t.-i.' Admnitlration •, but ^« Indullry ot the I'eople, tliat a gnat I'art of tlieir Wealth the firil and moll confidtnihle of the hnipirr, u ^fu^^ was thrived from th-me : But when, on the other hand, it w.i-, joined, and always mated with p.irtiLi.iar Uilhnaioa, if is conhdere.l, that i\k l-^^ypt,am h.ul very tew native but llill a Province, govermd bv the Laws, .imi lubjci' fJ C'omniod.tics ot (;r<-at V.ihu- (xccptCorn, and th;U they ilic linpolitions pi< Icnbrd bv for. ii;n Mailers, to w™' ftoiKl in neal ol tlinoil .rl kinJi of 'Jimlx-r and Mctah, Uli: the bell I'art ol the Wealth, .uijuiralby lisInluLum^. It \\'a Capfar r,mn,rt. ht n\ Pl,tmel'. m Cat/arr. ' » /)(,•..■ Cgf nl. f;trm lliilim, di ill!' •^^l^"^'* But whin the whol--' ro^ni into a iingle Maml, all t.'iefj Cor.fuki- ■e Delire of aiij^ireiitin^'.hcAut.hoiiiy. and inirealing the Wealth, di[K-nding on t;\jt rii:ri:-:o-. canic to tak;' I'lace. '1 liar this w.is rvaily tlu' l.w-. «•'' k- rendered iltar in tlv ntxr Sictum, in whi li «vM Ihcw, th.it the tirit Schemes, Lamed by ili. y<,M.iii.', J"" t.iking J'ollellion of i-xv/)/, v/ire nlativ to the li>.i'n!'i: this Conimcne, and even impiovmg it; ,111 J tlicnlorc • is neccllary to llicw the Suie in wliiih it lloo.. iM.J Juncture, and in what iiunncr this gr.at Hivolutio: hi;- jxriied, whiih Ihriink ilii: txienliv. |-'iiipiio o: }'b:.iV!'P' a Province, inilinl, .il' II? f^luiitf. in Cut ^6Pfur Cetnmtrt. 't'llai. O- ijiui. III Plutwel'. iu ('.ai/'arr. ' Plularib. in A»lt>iit. fii ciuip. ir. of t/jc Last I n d i n s. 42 J ,w Olivetti il I ami x»Iio, conf c|uinrly, n.ijKil, for the roruliuUtlicami.tu Miftory of tin rr.Kltffani.il on by th« I ,,„H., all thr lViio;ii aniuiiiij Irom tlit wlioU Loii\imrtc turoptans, tliroimli iIim Country. t« the A.lly, it i» nrfrfljry to Country quietly, tor the Spaic of nnr five Yinrs altif M.irv^', il'i>t t'>"' '•>'•' Koute, i>i«nnl by /'i'lUddphiu, for flic wan littliil in th.' I'oHidion of the Kiiik>Ioiii liy Juliut , I'lyinn I'll tli<* '• f-*^''- "' •'"■ ''"^""^ *•'■' a*'l'"li't' ly "fWi r.Vy.jr i hiit «t flic I'.ml of that 1 iiiv, hir vo(iiiy;cr Hioihcr, u: dure luJ U-ai, of olJ, a Caiul lut from tlw Kivcr \Hmn grown up to the Abu ot tiltmi, iK^jn to eitoeift, .V.'tuthiA'iV.M.tor tlwConvmifniyof Commcric i,»ml th.it lomc H.(.■y^tn\ llwniM bi- (licwn to Imn, UyonJ the Ii.hIuJ Ixcn ,iln;rw.iuU prctcrved, d.inlcil, .mil jKif itil bare Outliilc, aiul uliT.I* Comphmcntn ot Majtlly •, which If tkcCrtik I'nmrJ, th.it is, by tJK- PtoUmiti. I ins cut (Irurk Utopafra in lut li a niiniKT, with Sul'incion, that (!»« t.ii airoli tilt iiarro will I'art of tlit; Klhnuis, which was caulid him to he poiloiuil, to pnvrnt any tuturc Uif« •jDiitrixtyiwoVi 'm, thiHigh iotiic Authori iiuk.,' 11 niori-, imtcu ami thrreby ealcil hcrliltOf all lur I .imily, cxiciil aul I'ome li.l». I hit Canal liaJ Inji-ti lirll attcniptnl by St- licr Siller //r/iitot, who had n tirt-il, alter licing Kd in C^' ;!rii, but not pcrlcaei! v tir. Deli-^n wa< .ili.rwar.ls re- J,ir'% Triumph, into the Upp(r JJia, where, tlio' Ihc lived luiiKil liy Dj'iu.', ami biout;ht to IVrflftion by I'filtmy priv.itcly, llu; couKI not cicape themaliuoui Notice of her litliiiiliiui. Ill's Ciinal wa> one humlred I'n t bioiil, SiIUt, who loon alter plottci! ami acconiplillieil her the I)e- inilthirtyd^'q'. Ij^'t it was m.iiia;.;fil by a Ibrt of .Skiicrt, lUuCkion *. In the Commotions which followeii, upon the \^ which tho \Vat< r» of the NiU y/t'u- raillil, lu as to .if- Murdi r of O//'-, Ihr carried heifelt with li) much Doublc- liiiUrJll'iR'torVrllMi into the Hiti SiU, without letting nel's ami Dillinmlation, that Cijfiu.i iiitimied 10 h.ivc de« ir.y Ult Waiir into the Canal, lor le.ir of Ipoilint^ the Ki- pi.lcd Ivr, lor nut t;rantinB Imn Allillancc j and alter the vif, whieh tlir l-.^yplidHs valued alxive all things. • When Dele it ol tiie Korces commanded by him ami /Iriilus, .In- thf '•»* tan.il w.Ls niaile from Copies Ut IWrtnict, this tony ent'.-it lined loiiie Notioii.s ot the lame Kind, on Ac- fc'l iiiia Dil'ufc, and was conlidered only as a Ucpoli- count of the Kelpeilt Ihc had lliewn to the other I'arty ! t jry ot iVclh Water, a thing extremely rcquid'.e tor liieli But upon Cloputru's coming to '/rtr/vj, in order to give .iwravcllud tliroDgh the Tandy Country tlut was adjoining, an Aciount ot her Comluift, he was lo cafitivatcd by her Wit and Beauty, tlut he became an abluiiite .Slave to his Pallionlorher ■, which not only ruined loth him and her, bui proved allij the Uellriidion of th- /{■^yftit.ii Monarchy, and of til.' Ao/BrtK Liberties, which, it llie liad not been lubdued hf .iugiijlui \ might, very probably, h.ive been prel'-rved. Hlindeil ly ttlis I'alTion, ho followed her to /llfx/iniliiiit in orJcr to \u\i round the I leail of the ixypiian (iuljih. Til, re was .mother Koad, whiih )),illcd wnjiin two Mili-s, (;; Mount Caftus, and, alt' 1 a I'allage ot aUjut fixty Miles till mil) the lornvr Road. .\nd there was, belules, a third, wliith was a Ihortcr Koad, through th-' Mountain, but witlnmt Water all the Way, '1 hele three Ro.uls ternu- rat:il at the City ot .hfinoe, whieh IIockI near the Head of th: (iul|>h, on the Liyplian .Side-, and were exiiemely coiiVL'.iieiit lor the Intercourle which the Igyp.'tans had »;;!ithelnlii>.tants of .haka the Stony, and the Countries tj i!ie North ol that Kei^ion, p.irtiiul.iily l\ilfj}inf '. Ill the Time of the old Eg^yptum Kinj^s, and Ix'fore the Coiiqurll by the Pcrfian.u the little I'orts, or rather Crjtks at tlie I le.id ol theCiiilpii, were ni.ulc ul'c of for .Sliii's, that were defi^ned to p ilj. down tie" Red Sea, and 10 triilc nil the Coall : Hut after lUoUmy I'hilaiU.'phus h.ui tpncJ the conimoilious I'oit ot Myos llcrmiu, .fterwaids ciilal the P«) / of fcnui, thelcCieeks weie very little ufcili where he l>ii a ^re.ir ileal of Time ', and when he letiirnecl into Italy, found 'in Affairs in Inch a .^1 u.ition, tiiat he was content to marry O'/avii, the Siller of. //i^vj//;/;, that he mij;ht be reconciletl to liim. But this .'Vpieement did nc)t lalt loiii^ ', tor, being Itill enamoured ol V.lfopalra, he managed Affairs in the I'.all with fiuh IiuliUretion, .nnd treated his Wife Oilaz'ia lb ungr.itefu!ly, tli.it it produced a new (.Quarrel with her Brother •, whit li he lo little re|',.ird- ed, that he ili'clared C.fftincn, the Son which Clcoj.v.ra li.ul by 'yuliiii Ciff'ir, King of I'-gypt and Cy frits, in Con- junction with his Mother: And wli'-rcis he had himlelf ll.iiu^h, as \vc Ihall hive C)ci afion to Ihew hereafter, they three Chiklreii by her, iiz. JUxumLr .xnA Citoprira at one Biith, and Plolmy, whom he lurnamed Philuuelpbus, at another, he, at the f.iinetime, gave unto /ILxandcr .irmf- nia. Media, Pm.'hiii, anil the rift of tlie l''.,ilUrn C onn- ni'"-, from the /-.w/^irrt/fj to JiiJia, when tluy iliould be luvu lince bi'en brought into Ule again. The J:r\piiit)ts lad alfo Towns on their own .Side of the Red Sea, from Arfmoem Ptotemjis, whiih weieone thoul'and one hundred i:il eighty-two Mile.i dillant from each other ; but this lal't-nin.t )ned Place was bunt purely tor the fik;- ol Jiunt- ; lr'.k'i)!i,ints, oy the Command of Ptolemy Pbiladelpbus : An.l between Ptoletmus and iierenice, there were teveral lubdued i an.l to Cleopatra, the I'win liilir of . ;.' .v.///i.Vr, I.yhia and Gyrene ; and unto Philadelpius, Pkxnicia, .\\ria, Cilnia, and all the Countiles of Lejir .1/1.1, fmm the hit- Piirts ', of wliich, fiowcver, the F.gyptiaMS could make no pbrates to the Utile pent ; and conierreil on each of them Lie, in regard to tie ir Indan Traile, keaufc diey were the lu'eof AV'r^ of Ktn^s : And, about the fame time, liuutal iroin theA'.u- by an high Kiilge of Mountains, he alio ,,ave unto Cleopatra the Name of ///J, and ailumed ever whkli the Catriage, byC.inuls, mult have been very to himlelf that of Oy/»(J •, appearing in i'ublic with her in ci.vcult, It nut iinpraftie.ible ; .ind the chit f Utc that was the lame Urefs with which the Images of thefe Deities were nu.lcot thule I'oits was, to llielter the Ships, that palfed clothed, in their rel"]Ki:live Temples '. up or down the Arul'iM Gulpli, in c.ifc of any unforelcen In theic Kind of !• oUies, he walled his Time in fuch a Acci Icnts. manner, that his Competitor had Leil'ure to ailemble a very ' T:m'jjihtnei, who was Admir.i! of t!ie Fleet, which great Force, both by Land ami Sea; which, if he had y.'c/cwy/'/iy/.w'i'.'pi'.vr kept in the ./r(»/;nts, at the Time that a Period was put to the Wfk M.j,n.irrhy in thatCountry, with an Account of which "■'- are to clofe this Sei'tion ; and we thall then enter on the Improvciiia.u made by the Roviav.s, in the next, which p.iged in Favour of .<^K/(5»y. When they began the War, tlie Forces ot the latter were much f"ui)erior to tht)fe of the former •, for he had with him an hundred tlioul'ind F^oot, twelve thoufand Horle, and a Fleet of live hundred Ships of War; whereas the Army oS Aiipijlus conlilled only ot Such was the eighty thoufand Foot, twelve thoutaml 1 lorle ; and his Ct)ndition of the Egyptian Fleetof no morethantwo hundrcdandiifty Ships. IJuthere, again, the Inaftivity of ylntcny proved la'.al to him ; for he delayed attacking his Enemy till the next Spring, before which many of his Friends dekrted him ". Ihc belt i'art of tlvc fuccecding Year was fpent in a *""-. i.y\M, P;uta,<>, .■I'.f.vtj. Di-n Cii'Tw, lib. ii. ' Strata, III. xvii. Dia.hr. Sic. h Piin. Hi/K Nat. t:i V. c. 19. ! ' '' ■* -V;""- dt litUii (.1 . ,/J»/, l,i. V. She \v;ib murdered by AremS Order, at tlie Imlig^.tion of CInpalru. ' Who wai ." ™W O.-.'ini, J but to prrveiit ilie Cuidulioii tleit 1111^111 li.ii-iwn, Irom inciuioniiig ihc K.me fcilon by JiUcrtnt Names, I make ule of ytu- l/'. 2 Uii.jUiiakiiuivn trroielioiil ' I)i.;n.Ca ui, Ml t- ■i-'- *Ptutaiclt. M Am.'ne. i)it» dpui. iiul.nii,). Oiafni. lingsiing f! il \ ii i 'M if F ■ i fii II" \'ti !*;.:.;*;. ^iMr^ ■\\> 77;^ Dilcovcry, Settlement, ami Commerce Book I. 424 liv iinsT Kinil of War, till towar^ls the latter F.n.! ..t the Mw'ntli'ot". /«?((// both Annus and FUxts were in Ni-lit ot rich other. './« ««v, with h;s Forces, eniamiHil in tlie N.irrh!x)inho i'fhi/itm, which w;ls gariibiicd by her Forces, to^*- fujiis, on the hril Appro.icli of his Army. Anteny Would thtii have put himlilt on b»iard his Fleet, which was ftill numerous, in order to have louji^ht another IJattle ; but, as ((ji.n astluy were drawn into a Line, moll of his Ships went over to the Fntmy. 1 lis 1 .and Forces actt d by him in [lie fame manner, thro' the Iniinuation ot Cleopatra -, which drove him into (uch a Fit ot Dilpair, th.it he threw hi.iif If upon his Sword, chufing rather to die by his own Hands, than to fill alive into thofr ol his F'.nemy '. A little bcturc t Jis .\ccideiit happened, CUopaira h.nd re- tireii to a iiiai^r.ihcint Monument, whah flie had caiifed to Ir iufrt t'lr \v il.lt, iie.ir the 'leinplc ot l/ti ; and thither flic u.novid the btll Fait <^( h<.r 'Irealure, (hutting up hcrfeif therein, widi only two of her Maids, and one ot her Funuchs, rxpcding, in that Sjlitiide, whatever m, 1 Ufalher^ '8''^ L'|K:n the coming oi' Augiijiuj to Alexandria, al| p^. (iibmitted to him \ and he t for Augujlus, having now made fiire, Iwtli of her PcrU and her Treafures, negleiJfed her 4 which (he wrcdviw and bc-ing likewife informed, that he intended to carry hif in three Days time, to Rome, in order togr.icchisTnumiV (he caufcd herfelf to be bit by an Alp, a Kind of Scritrt found only in Kivpi and l.ihya ; the Bite of whiih iiulnai a Lethargy, which brings on Death without I'ain, in ii^^ three Hours time. Such was the F.nd of this I'nnccft ^ the thirty-ninth Ycarof her Age, pnd in the twi9f-Ct^Mi, ubi jk^rm, ' ^t'-dhj^ /li kXiV. t'lut.ii^b. in ^i»:9ni3. L- Ftarui. t'tUeiui PaltKki' tklrtfiui, Oitr'iti ^ '■' /«/./• M ./«/»•<•. • UiiH. Cfj/i^i, lii. li. I'tUtiiu l'.ilii>itUi. Iih.'n. f. .Sij. Onjiui, lit. si. t.l.) ' i'..«/<". . i> -^ '■"■■• iittlcii.iltlltriii.j nJ Plftmrm, e S. t'lU.iiti Paltrmlui. * Uitm Ctj/ni,lii. i. Maatt)t4 igltinul, iii. l.t. U. 'il;.tt..ii uii Infra, iiulinini. f.altyfiu. S E c r 1 N Chap. 11. of the East Indies* S E C T 1 O N IX. 4^? J :: .• T %• Hipry of t/je Indian Trade^ at carried on through Egypt by the Red Sea, under the Romans ; /^<; Manner of its Efiablifhment ; /^fig Pro/f/j dranun therefrom ; «« J ^^6^ DiJ- covcrics made in Confequence of this Commerce. '"'." ' '7' ' '■ . " , f/'f Romans little adiUEtidto Maritime Aff'ain before the fecond Punic War, and incited thereto chiefly ' h the Dijire of dcjiroying Carthage. 2. the ProgreJ's of their Naval Power, till they became Mafters of the Si-a. J. The extraordinary Ejlahlijhmenti o/" Auguftus, for the Support of the Maritime Force of the Roman Empire. 4. His Maxims for the Government of Egypt, conjidered as inviolable Law by tlxfuc-^ cading Emperors; and coJitributed greatly to the Prefervation of the Province, y. An Account of the Expedition 0/ ./'Eliiis Galhis /«/o Arabia, the many Dijiculties he met with therein-, and the Confeqiiences ■n'bicb it produced. 6. The Ethiopians invade Egypt ; are repul/ed by Publius Petronius, the Roman Prefe^, who penetrated as far as Ncpata, the Capital of Ethiopia. 7. The Fame o/" Aiiguftuj reaching tlAnAks, Poriis fends Amlmfadors to di-ftre his Fricndjhip. 8. 'The Uiftory oj this Commerce continued to the End of the Reign of Vefpafian, including the Em/>a//ies c/" Indian Princes. 9. An exaSl D^iJcription of t!:c annual Fleets fent within this Period, to the In.iics ; the Nature of their Voyages -, the Sums employed i".tbem, ami the Profit. 10. Objervations upon the State of that Commerce, within this Period; and on tk O'jje^ions raifed againfl it by Pliny, i i. Of the new Chaneh of Trade opened jrom Egypt by the Ro- mans, "Within the Compafsof this Period; and the Advantages derived from them. H A T we may fully enter into the Wifdom of amongft them, was the univerfal RifTion -, and this it was, that Policy (hewn by the Romans, in the Ma- that induced them to think, that there was fomething low nagcment of the Aftiiirs of Egypt, and more and indecent in ail kind of Commerce But Sentiments fo (Ipccially of the Trade to tlic Indies, whicii they improved rigid foftened by Degrees ; and thcfe very Romans, who to t!i>' hiyhcft Degree poflible, confideriiig tlie State of would appear to conquer, merely to have an Opportunity Maritime Affairs in thofe Days, it will be ncccflary to fiy of giving Examples of Probity, Difuitereftednefs, and Moderation, bgan, at length, to vanquilh, in order to procure the Delights and Commodities that they wanted ; ;ind that they migiit adorn Italy with the Spoils, and ren- der her opulent, at the Expence of other Nations. The Kuin of Carthage, which, however, was purchafcd by Rivers of Blood, liibjefled to Rome all the reft oiAfric ; whicli wa5of infinite Advantage, by fecuring to that proud City a conllant Supply of Corn ■, and the burning of Co- rinth, which followed afterwards, finifhed the Demolition of Greece, and threw her into a Slavery fo much tiie more galling, as for fo long a Tract of Time Ihe had been ufed to command '. With refpedl to the Conquefts made by the Romans in /1/ta, they proved the Source of fuch immenfe Riches, as were little known to former Times; and, with thtfe Riches, were introduced at Rome, and all the princij)al Cities of Italy, reiined Luxury, a itudicd Elegance, which dillufed itfelf through all -, and was alike vifibic in Buildings, Fur- niture, Drcfs, Gardens, and the Appurtenances to the Table. The L,ove of Pleafure, that Pomp which flrikes liyihrirOrtkr, to the Qirlhaginians : ' It is the Sea, the the Eye, and that Magnificence which ciptivates the Mind, lunilhed the antient Severity of Manners ; and the Romans became now more rich, more polite, more voluptuous ; difdained the humble Poverty of their Anccftors, and be- gan to form new Notions of Virtue. In this, undoubtedly, they were happy beyond all other Nations, that every new War not only led to new Con- quells, but [taught them likewife frelh Improvements in the Arts of Military and Naval Armaments : And thus one V'ititory, by the Care and Skill they diicovercd in improv- ing it, became the Means of obtaining many more. Thus, for Inllance, when LucuUus triumphed over Alitbidrates, he caufcd to be expoled, amonglt the reft of the Spoils he had taken from him, one hundred and ten Prows of Gal- lies, llieathcd with Copper. It is well known, that this it was, th.it heretofore conftituted the great Force of Ships ot War, and rendered them terrible \n the Day of Battle : And as thcfe Prows wereealily taken off, they were, inths Day of Triumph, tarried before the Victor ; wlio, befides, had his 'Temples adorned with a Crown, oi Circle of Gold •, on which were embolfed the Prows ard I'oops of Gallies, intermingled one with another, which Crown was ftiled Na'^ale, or Rcjlralt \ f)mftliing of the Rife and Progrefs of their Naval Power, which liid not nuike any great Figua- in the World, till the Beginning of the fecond Punic War. Before that I inic, tliey had (hewed a very trivial, or fcarce any, At- ttntiun thereto, either becaufe they were then wholly occu- pirii ill extending their Dominions by Land; or, that the iirll MislortDiies they had experienced on their own Coafts, dil'gufteil them in refped to a 'Trade, where all Things arc cxiwfal to Chance, and where theie is perpetual Danger : Bt;t as their Genius led them .0 perlevere, in Support of whatever th.y once difccrned to be certainly and incon- ttlbbly ufetiil, they no longer abandoned Maritime Af- tJ.rs when they found, tlwt it was pollihle to reconcile them w/ii their \'icws and Interefls : And one may fafcly fay^ that it was to CV/Zi<»f ^, the Haugiuinefs and Obllinacy of which gave them fo much 'Trouble, that they were chiefly i:iucb'cit for this Obligation '. When tlierclore the Senate of Rome took, at lafl, the fatal ReUiKitiori of ra/.ing tiut City to its very Foundations, titConl'iil C. M. Dgu'.us made the following Harangue, ■ minlity I'ower you li.ivc acquired thereon, the i'rea- 'fiinsyuu have dr.iwn from thence, that have hafl:ened ' viiir fall. It is the Sea, and the Powers that you pof- ' I S thereon, tlut tempted you to leize Surdinia, Hicily, ' .\.~..i/j ; tli.it lakiccd you to bre.ik your 'Treaties of ' K.iie ; to pillage our Merchant Ships ; and to endea- ' Viiiir t.) hide your Crimes, by drowiiinj'; thofe you found ' ciilKiar-l them. In one Word, it has iieeii your perfect ' kn(nv!uh',c <>• Mantnne Afiaiis, m.ide you regard no- ' ih;i:;j;eli-i and Itvl yi>u to place your (rlory in eommit- ' nn^iudi inifUucvoiis Acts, as liitherto we have not been ' !!u(.i)iiditi(,ii, nor had the Power, to puniOi \' ^ 1 Ihillnit pretend, heiv, to lun into a Detail of all "le Kxpoditions (lit. red into by th.- Romans, after the hmc Wars-, and m wiiith they lb. wed lo extenlive a Ca- (Uiiiy, in theCoiuhi.t of their .Anns ; fo perteCt: a Pre- ■'"• ol Mmd, 111 ,'.11 Danger ; .md an Indultry lo happy in -' 1"!', the Heart-: o! all IVople, .and making themleivts «i :.;!iy i)!, io. '' nv. A; ^UMB. XXX. 5 .^ lih. iv. ':tpn. li. Flirui. l.h. ii. !'• ■fl.i, for Jill tiii.l.vl.t i'l'U It is rvi.'.iiit from tl. Is Speech, that the uniULii in A.->,t:iii. riin. hi: .11 reilvinicJ ut bca. I- It ■:,:1U^ ^i6 TJje Difcovery, Settlement, anJ Commerce Book I. ' ■;•'" mi ' ■■Bw"f !l 1 '; ' i"' : ''!' i ; 4:W i "i. :■ '. t !»ri! 3. Itw4<, however, rcftrvod for the Fortune ami Wif- doni of .lugujiui, to unite all thofc Advantages, ami to re- duce the Maritime, as wcU as the Civil Affjuri of the Rt- mM Srate into a regular Syftem. This he was enabled to do by the Fulnefs of his Power, as it was from tl>c evi- dent Advantages derived from the prudent Ufc made of his Power, that the Romans, under his Government, fi> Utile regretted the l,ols of their Frcciiom -, for thefe Benefits were then prcfint, and the F.vils afterwards tcit, were only forefecn. This Maritime Syftem of Augt^us, confiftcd in keeping always three numerous Squadrons, ami tholi: too, in eve7 ref^K-ft, well equijn>etl, in conftant Keadinefs to put to Sea for any Service, and in any Quarter of the Ro- tHM Dominions, wliere they might be wanting. The firft of thefe Squadrons w.as ftational at Frejns in the Narbttintn- Jian Uaul, which was to reftrain the Inhabitants of tlic Spa- tiijb Coalh, and of thofe Parts of Prtvinct and Languedot, which are walhed by the Medittrraniim. The lixond was at Cape M his Maxims, by all his Succeflbrs. It woiilJ t.ike un^tno much Time, and lead us too fir Irom our siihj.cf, jhouid we attempt to explain the Manner in wIik h the I'rovimvs of the Romun I'.mpirc were dillnbuted. It will ruiiiuuu'v anfwer our Piirpole to obfervc, that lonie ol iliem w.r? if. figncd by the .Sen.ite, ami others were ablblutely it th. Will of the Prince ; which Method of DillrilHitii.n His fettled by Augujlus, and tlut, at the Tmie of his kulm" it, he refcrveel £;'v//, and alinoll all the Countries ilq^'iid^ ing upon it, to himfolf '. The firft Maxim he cftablifticd with n iv'rd tn iri; („,. vemment, was, th.it the Prefect (houKl be alwjys cliol':i out of the Onler of Roman. Knights, from an Apprchfu. fion, tlut if it was in the Hands of a Man of ureat fa- mily and Int of State, into which few were admittK-J, ami iio::ciK;: fulfered to pry ^ It w.i$ atj,reea!)le to thefe M.ixims ti'.at !ic a['[o;nt.'i Cornelius (Jallus the lirlt Cjoveinor ot tiie I'roviiue, a A'i- man Knight, raifctl by hit, ovMi Mdir ami tlu' 1 mjiTori Favour ; but of no gnat Family or Int.tell, and who;e Talents were not ot a Nature to excite any JimIuuIvuI "> uiidcr:aking gnat or danyrous Delij^ns : Vet this M '•'J lu Id the (jovrrnment but a little whi!;-, and, when he lo:- it, fell into alilohite Dilgr.ue. 'ihe .Mai'.,:tr in wliiih -■ directed the .Affairs of tlie Province, and tlie ncedleh Se- venty he nude uJe of in cxaC^.ng the tirll 1 ributts thJt were hvieil, occalioiird Tumults in the I'rovirxc, ar.J Complaints againll him to the F.nipcror, whoimni-i'ia'.'y Unil'.J'etromHi to fucceed him, when he had not l.cMtM (iovernmeiit t "i"'^'' him to the Judp,nuni of the .Senate w;th f 'i '■''^^ /"_ '* Accufations tlut had been broii^'ji: ajjiir.ll Ivtn f;r h;i • I'ltn II ili.a n. I'nt:.j( y.t .Viw/. lit r. Male-adininillration in Egypt ; an .1 they euteicd lo win".)' ^ DhnXajT* , lih.Viu. ^il,ai>,lii. xsii. / ii^ ir.!o Chip. II. of t/je East I n d i e is. 427 iiio the rrofccutioB, tliat Ga.'ius, to prevent being fent into Biuiilhiiient, threw liiinrcif upon his Sword, and died on the Si>ot, Advantage \ for his Defign was, that the Romani fliould conquer a great Part of the Country, but with fuch Diffi- The Zeal ftiewn by the Scute upon this culty, and under Juch Difadvantages, that they might be OccafKHi was fo gratiful to the Emperor, tliat he returned weary of keeping it, and tlwt fo it might, with tha reft of tiicm his Thanlts for it j and it 11 oblerved, that this his Matter's Dominious, fall into his Hands \ for he had Oriulsm Callus and Salvidiouis Rufus were the only Per- already projcfteil the Poifoning of King Obodas, which he f„iis aiven up by Augujlus to the Severity of the Lawsdu- afterwards executed. It is, alio, worthy of Obfcrvation, 'rina ^is whole Kcign i and it is very polTible, that the for- mer in feme meafure, uict with his Fate to gratify the gnplmtis upon their firft becoming Subjefts to Rome^ and c whom he had rendered himfclf hateful. fublius Pttioiiius was made Governor of Egypt in that this Difeafc, which carried off fuch Numbers of the Romans, was a Swelling in their Gums, their Thighs, and their Legs, or, in plain Enghlh, the Scurvy. In the Be- ginning of the Spring, when his Army had recovered their Health and Spirits, Callus continued his March, biit the YfiT before Cbrift i.6 and, in the Year after, Auguftus through fuch Roads, as made it abfolutely neceffaiy to carry tbrmi da Defign, which very plainly (hews how fartiie In iiat Triiie had already made an Impreflion uiwn his Mind. He had been informed, that the Southern Arabians, that is the /Iratians, who inliabitcd the Side of the Gulph op- polite to Egypt, were a Nation very rich in Gold, Silver, id precioui Stones : He, therefore, determined either to a Supply of Water on the Backs of Camels, which was another Contrivance of SylUus, who, if he pleafed, might have (hewn them a much ealier and (horter PaiTage •. After a tedious March of many Days, they arrived in the Country of Areta, in the Neighbourhood of ObodaSf who came thither to meet the Roman General, treated him nuke them Friends to his Government, or to bring them with great Kindnefs, and made him many Prefcnts. They Mt unticrSubicdtion, by which means two very defirable Ends would hiivc been anfwered i for, ia the lirft place, a very rich Conimetic, and very commodious, would be fccurcd to his new Subjeils s and next, he flattered himlclf there «oul(i be fuch Difcoverics made, as migiit enable him ro eitcnd either his Conqucfts or his Trade on that Side much farther. As this Scheme of his was really of great Im- pcriance, lo the Means he took to have it executed were enccfdingly well contriveil, and pLiinly (hew how much he lad rtmiied it. He knew that the Thing was difficult in itfclf J and that, unlefs it was condudled by Perfons who were well acquainted in the Country, it would ceruinly mif- cjrry. He, therefore, dtreded IleroJ, King of yudea, who had been always his fad Friend, to aflift in the Execution cf till- Projeft i and g.ive the like Orders to an Arabian ^'inc, whole Dominions bordered on thofc Nations that w - b'- artcftid by this Projeft, which rendered his Af- ""tlti, •: ore of the utmoft Iipportance *. ':. ^^ us, a Roman of the Lqueftrian Order, was the Gt . .uit im this Expedition, for which Augujlus fur- nlhcil hi, that there was no fafe Pallage thither by Land, t'us pt hiin un building a Fleet to pais thither by Sea -, and thtifforc, having provided an hundred and thirty Tunfi^rt? at CUopatris, a Port at the Bottom of the AnUan Gulph, or Red Sea, he there put his Army on burd tlicin, am! failed to iMcocome, a Port of the Naba- thian:, hmg on the l-.atUrn Side of that Sea; This be- ing a very ii.iiigtroiis Navigation, by rtafon of the many R*ks and Siioals that are in that Pait of the Arahian (•'.ilpli aiul .v,'.'j/a piloting liiin the word Way through it, iic was tiitaii Pays in the Pallajjf, and loll I'everal of hi5 Ships in It i and when he was landed, all his Army Ijihng lick (f a Dileafe common in that Country, he was tiricd to he by all the remaining Part of the Summer, 41.1 the Winter following to wait their Recovery ''. \\c hive all tliefe Ciicumftantes from St>\ibo, who was f^i: intimate I'rieiul ol (la!tu.<, and mull, theritfore have t«ii ptikelly well acquainted with every thing relating to ii'i» I xpcihtion ; and it is. his Obfervation, tlut tho* ObeJas ^^ vuy hearty in this Ati'air, yet leaving it, as it w.is ''jmuth the Ciirtom ot the Arabian Princes, to his Mini- l'>r, he ventured upon thefc extraordinary Mealures, with » view, as our Author conjefturcs, to his own private made, from thence, another fatiguing March of fifty Days, through a faiidy and defert Country, belonging to a King whole Name was Sabits ; and then came into the Country of the Agranians, the cliief City of which they took ; and in this Country they found great Relief, being in itfelf very fruitlul and pleafaiir, and inhabited by a People who were naturally peaceable. Continuing their March lor fix Days, they came to a River, where, for the firft time, Hiey faw an Enemy -, for, the neighbouring Nations, having heard of their Approach, affembled to Hop their Paffagc ; a Tattle enfued, in which the Arabians were routed, or ra- ther flaughtered ; for here were ten thoufand of them killed, with the Lofs of no more than two Remans : The Barbarians, indeed, were armed with Lances, Swords, Bows and Slings j but they were naturally a timorous People, and made but poor Ufe of their Weapons. They took foon after the City of Afia, the King having aban- doned it ^ Thence they marched to Atbmlla, which they took without any Trouble ; and, making it a Place of Arms, they provided themlelves there with Corn, and other Ne- ccflaries. Thence they moved on to Marfibas, a City of the Ramanitanians, not far from llafarus,, which Place they befieged for fix Days, and were then obliged to de- camp for want of Water. The Treachery of the Guides being by this Time fully dete^ed, they took another Road in their Return, and, in the Space of fixty Days, reached the Port of Nagra on the Arabian Gulph, though they had been fix Months in penetrating into that Part of the Country, from which, without any great Difficulty, they returned in two. There they again embarked, and in eleven Days, and without any Accident, arrived fafely at Myos Hormos : From thence they continued their March to Cop- tos, and fo back to Alexandria. yElius Galliiis brought home with him, after two Years Abfence, but a Ihinll Part of his Army, having loft the reft, not in Battle, but by Hunger, Fatigue, Sicknefs, and the Hardlhips they endured ; for, in the whole Expedition, there were no more than feven fell by the Sword. After all, there was but very little gained by all this Labour, either in point ot Conqucft or Difcovery -, which was abfolutely owing to the treacherous Arts of Syllaus before mentioned, who, being at Rome Ibme Years afterwards, and there charged with thele and other Offences, and fully con^ifted, fuffered an infamous Death, the juft Reward of his luper- lative Wickednefs '. Yet, as unfuccefsful as this Entcr- prize proved, it w:a undoubtedly a well laid Defign ; and, if it had taken Effedt, muft have contiibuted greatly to the opening a tree Commerce throughout the whole Guiph, iioni the City Arfinoe to the City of Ptolemais ; and, as i^.t>\ibo iikcwifc fuggefts, it would have afforded a lliorc aikl eafy Pafl'age acrofs the Streights of Habel-Mamlel, to the Region of the Troglodytes ; the Raiudtion of which mull have been very advantageous, bccaufe, as we Ihall P !""''!.-'"'•''' '''^•/' S'- ^"'i'" It .Itt^uh, c Od. The IcirneJ Cu/ui/Aoo liai confounili'd in his Note* upon Siraho thi« Corniliut, the "'"•'■"' • ' ■", iiiid hiiiili-ll :i'. fjtiillitu I'wt, ttiili Ju'im C.iUui, of whom we aic to Ipi'jk iinincdiatvly i and, indci'd, the iVIilhkc was Ml/, ' ■ i-ucti:,g ti,-, ..at of thi- (.mie Njnie, (tourilh d at the lamr lime, and were both I'rtWls ot" Frrff. * 'J'/'t^- -''"''I- 7>^- ''*• "■ . i'/jw, :.r. HI /. -fV. ■ />;,,. I. }^': .,,lib. till, Strata, lib. Avi- f -io, 7»i, lib. t.\u. p. S19. "• StruU. Dim, Caj/ius, ni:.v ' 1:. *ih M'''^ri t' i'i ' i ' U 1 ' *' 9 iifc li i ■1 '.: m: 1: : ;■ b ? wm^^ 'p m>i I'l ''' !:,■ '■ y itF^ il .u:&^-'^ \: ..,/*i ■m. i i ■: II , i ]m : ^ qm- ' i ■ t- mv : t - r i ".pi 418 Tbc Dilcovery, Settlement, artJ Commerce Book 1, S ■-:'^ I E'-IJ Pf'' -pi I I 'fin 'J Ihiw very fi^ecilily, thi- Commerce of tlut Cmmtry, whfn OIK nil!, provcil vtry bmdicial lo the Egyptians. One gotxi h.ifct, antl, |icrha] s the only one that toUowaltrom this l'.x|)ctlition, was, tlie fprtaiUn^ the lame ot the licmans, anil ot' .-.'ujti/l us, through the Jndi.s *, which proiluced two livtral iMLbafTics ; an Honour the Remtins never rcceivetl bdort-, anii which might, viry probably, operate favour- ably tor their Coinmi ret •, anil, it lb, the F.xjKnce ot" this Undertaking (which tell, however, moflly on the Allies) was not wholly thrown away. 0. But \\hilc Ailm$ Callus was endeavouring to extern! the A'ffm4» ConqiielU in Artibia, thtrc hapi>eiKil a very un- looked iot Invalion in E^pt- Candiu<,Ci\Ken ot Eibstfta, tor this, it ftems, was a Name common to thole I'rinceffes, as Qiopaira to the Qiircn of Egypt, made an Imiption into tl-.c Frontiers of the Province, and carried oft" three Cohorts ot Romiin Soldiers trom Syena, EUplaiitina, and PhiUs, wliere they likcwile threw down the KmiKTor's Inviges. As 'bon as Paronins, the I'refert of Egypt, was informed of the Invafion, he marched with near ten thou- liiiui Foot, and alx)Ut eight hundred liorl'e, in onler to come up witii the I'jiemy, though they were upwards of thirty thoji'and. They were not much inclined to fighting, but rttirtd Ix tore liim to the City of PfeUa, where they made a Halt : There Petremus lent Kmbafladors to lit- manil the Prilbners, and to know the CaufeS of the War. B;it finding that Negotiation would do nothing, and having v/aitcd three Days as they defired, without ix-ceiving any iati-tad< ry Anfwer, he refolvcd to attack them, as he ac- cordingly did, and defeated them intircjy. They were, in ttuili, v.ry poorly armed, moll of their Shields being made ot raw fjides lan.i, torotVenfive Weapons, they had t'om- Swords, fome Pole-axes, and ("omc nothing but long Sticks, fo that they were fpecdily routed ''. Many wrre taken in this F'.ngagement, and fent by Water to .■llexandna; but moll gut into PftUti, which was t'oon takm ; and in it an infinite Numlicr of People of all ]\anks. Fiom hei ce he advanced to Prnnnis, a Place ex- cceiinVjily ftrong by .Situation ; in the Neighliourhood of which tlicie aie many Mountains, which licini; blown by the \Miu!s, on the Army of Cambyfts, buiieii a great Pait of thciii i which lorted him to a precipitate Retreat. This Place nduccd, he marcl'.id forwards to the Royal Ciiy Ncratu, where Candact, and her Son, then were. She now i,fi"ereti totiL.ir, anil to riltore the I'riloners, a.id the Statues of the F.m[)cror. I'ettonius, howivcr, attackeil and plundind tlieCiiy : From whence the Son o\ Candaie privately tkgrers ; ai'.d the HomAn Preta't, luving IntMliijtn.c of what lud happened, m.niediatJy i^! ;: i ! • I r' «!! 1' \ST.« pr'!>..tjl) i,*.i t„ il... I I'I Jii.on, " Mfv hti uti collefted his Forces, and moved tosvards It, in orcVr raifc the Siege. On his Approach, the Ethiopian \mi quitted the Place with the utmoll Precipitation ; ami fiH)n as they were at a fafc Dillanee, Cnnda,/ fent [o{r2 from the Reman (General, what his Demands were; im] upon what Terms (he might hope for Peace. Pftrav anfwered, that he formed no Preten Pons im the Ftbiopa,':. and that what he had done was in Difcharge of hisIVy' and for the Prcl'ervation tf the Remtin I'lovince. ^s,(', the reft, he could not pretend to pro^jfe anvTmis,' Peace, Init they mull be content to fend their Knihaliji'n , to C^r'ar, in onler to excufc what was paft, and ki;oiv ' [ Plcaiiire, as to their Conduct, in Time to conic, rii j ama/.ed Candace more than the W'.ir ; She deelarn! th t (he knew not C*far, or where to feek him -, ami inn'li to doubt whether this was not an evafive Anlwirgivai, t. furnilh themleb'es with a Pretence for roncnirrin!»'h Dominions. But Pctronius quickly rated herof thilr .\i<. prehenlions, by offering to fend her F.mbafTadors to C> > ; and to conclude a Peace rill their Return. This Vrnml, was i-eadiiy accepted, and the Fmballadors dit'patduii r! the Reman Camp ; with which the Ethiopian War irnltii and the Province was again reftored to C^iet '. We have an Account of this F.xjicilition, ami of t^it Kmbalfy (cnt by Candace to Jui^njiiis C.rfar, m the Nam- ral I lirtory of Pliny' •, but he fiys not a Word ot the In- vafion ; which, however, is fully related hy S:ra!-o, who was, of his own Knowledge, inrfeiitly acqu.iinicd with thele Matters; and has recorded them very faithfully. By this War, as he jullly obferves, the Rittians came to be at- quainted with the Nations lx)rdcring on E^^pt, and w-o, by Ixing fulxiiied by the Etl'iopuim, now p.iiTcJ iiri-: their Name. In confequencc of this, they were unJ:- ceivfd as to the ftrangc Reports they had Ii.-arJ, ol t.'i; Strength and Courage of tliclc People ; tiir they to»r.J them halfnaketl, badly armed, far from Ixing of an;r- tial Difpoijtion ; livi-ig in Tents, on the I'rod'.ice oi th;: Herds and FIcKk'. ; anil quitting their Ji;^!tations,ist.-,: Convcniency of feeding tliofe 1 Lrds and FlocU, dn&J them. Th,.'. (V-' '••''''• '''=*■ tlut Putm fftit the Km!)4nV Iicrcaftcr nicmn.ncJ. '*■ ^ iti/. VI. iw/*. ;'^, Chap. II. of the East Indies. 4ip jmijlus went into Syria, fettled the AHFairs of the Empire ricd on from E^ypt to tliofc Countries, through tlic Red with the Parll>iM Monarch, and recovered tlic tnftgns, Sea, innead of being intirruptcd or rclhaiiK^d, was pre- which he lud taltLii Ironi Craffus'. fcrved and protcCUd by the Romans, alter tiicy had re- Tliis Iprcati his i-'anu; over oil the L.aft, infomucli, tliat duced Lgypt into a Province. fjraj, King of India on this fide the Ganges, who hail before Petmiius ctid not liold the Government of fjjv// long ; luit an Lmbally to toniplimcnt hini, thought proper now for in the Year before CbriO 1 8. lie was llicceedtd by /AV/«f to Unil a Isi-oiKi time, iioni an Apprehenfion, probably, that Callus, ol wliofe Kxpedition into /Irabia wc have already /m(/.'«jnii[!ht imitate ///«<;«'::r;, the Inuies, vcLiinarily quited this Life\ Jr is very <:'r> t.'om tim \\ hole of this 'J'r; (aitlion, that the Fame ''KV'lUis had extended itfclf into the molt dilkuit Parts fjll, that were at that Time known to the Euro- i anil trcm hence it is evident, Uiac the Trade car- cl c! t • "'■■, i'h. II. f •^•i. 'r,,Ji, Jnnai. Ith. ii. c I. Ji'Jfln. Uh. vlii. e. I. I'm UjJw,, ub, jufr. " ':■'*'■ W 11. p. no. 117. xvii, /. SlO. ■> attal.1, lii. kv, f bH'J. I'^ulanh^ lit ^Itxandr: ^ Stiah, lib XV. /. 7S9. Dim CaJHid, lil\ liii. p. ;;; ' Strah, tU\ xii. i'i. 5R t'lgi'. lit liijl. Crut. lib. ii. Choice m . I ,1'' '-, ili' '1 b|h '.1 !, Ii; 450 The Djllovcry, Settlement, ^W Commerce Book}. 4.< r 4 2^ !( * < , Choia- (;f ore ol h;s l-ri-a!ir,cn lor tlut Kiuploymi-nt: AikI wlicii his Niplifw (;<-nthmiiHS took the l-ibcrty ol viUtin|^ th.n I'rovii'.ti: without askin;'. Ins I. cavf, he irpnmaiuial him for it viry kvcidy ; ami it is with j-ckaI Kufon Uip- pjl'c.!, th.it it was { hivl'ly truin the Surjmion he K-nfiival t.n aciviint v\ tl\;s Joiiiiuy <'t his into /'.J.v/'/, i!iJt he raiilal him to h: i>oiioiicii ; lo jfalous lie was (A any In- fliii;us i.ito tlicStjt ■ ol a Couiitiy that tuiiiilhcil hiin with t) uraia Rcvt-mn.- '. , , ^ , Q:.'tj;ii'(i, thf S()n of Cerwrniuii.', wlio fiUTcrilci! T/*f- r;«.r, tiio' in all i iiu t thin-',', as had a i'lincf as lie w.is a Man, y>t imoiMa^Hl aiui i'tiiii\k\l Coninune, kapini; always a ibia I )\- to tlif imntiiiK- l<'ra- ol the l''.iiipirc,_wliich, uraliT him, was at its r^n.\'t:[\ lliif-lit. With r rpi-ft to Ep'Pl, I-' iinJndooil tlic- Worth ol the Country lo will, aii.t ha>l lo true a Notion of its .Sironj;tli, that wlitn he hail umrUcil hnnull univi-ifally o>hous to his SuhiuUs, he hai Thoughts of rctiiinn thitlu-r, in onl' r to liavr jiallld tlK'ic t!i:- kcm.iin.iir oi his D.iy^ ; but hr was cut olVhy a fuililcn Confpiracy Kfore he coiilil cx.xiitc his Inti ntioii. It is uncertain wlicthir O'ipu'j, or his Muciilbr CIju- ifliis, Ixj-an the Cullom of kttino; the Revenues of ^^v// lo l-.inii -, bur, crt.iin it is, that they were lelt out in tins nianmr uiuler the K.'it-.n ot the l.:tter; which pniiluati, a(i!iieni.illy, a very ixtraoniinaiy Uileovery. 'Ihin- was orK' .,'ni.tus Pii..tTt::t! wlio larindl the Ciillotns dt th. KcA .Vi',;. anii wlio, on tlut Auuiint, vihtiil the Loall in a \AX<\ of his own ; and Iv.ing onu- on the Shore nt JraHti, «.n ibmc Bulnvls r-htrig to his Otlke, he w.is fmiJinly ilriven to Sea by a tlroiv; North Wi;i-i, whiihbluwin^; lur illrvcn Days togLther, he was thr..wn lirlt on the C-allof Cjr:tui!i!it, and tnen on a certain Illan-l, m a I'ort of whii h lie ca.r.e to an Amiior •, tlie Name --t only to jiroviili.- for the late Return of the Ri'iitn \::\o his own Country, but enyaj;ed him liki wifi: to lliul li-ur Knib..(l"adors to Rcmc, the ihiet of svh(;m was one Rad'iii:, who w.is a Man ot great I'igiire in th.i! Country. It licms, Irom the Account that Finn has i^iven us of this y\dventurc, that he had lien and coii- verf.d with thofe, who hail v.liat he relates liom the Moiith of tins Raclias. The moll remarkable I'oints mentioiied by liiin weretiiefe : '1 hat the Illand he eaiiie liom ton- tain-, 1 live hundred };rcat Towns ; tint it had a Ijiaiious Port on the Soutli Side belonging to a City taileil I'au-Ji- munJ.um, which was the Capiul ot the Illand \ and lo p i- f)uliius, that it was eth-rnuil to cor.tain not K wir tliaii two mn.'.red thouland Inhibit mts. In the Ntn^hlwuiiiood i.f this City there was a Lake called .U(_;';j.''.j, two hun.lud I'viny-hve Mil':-, ri CiieiimteriiKe, mwhuh :here wire Jeverai Iflards vu;, Iruittul in I'alUire. Out of this I .ak<: there ran two Kiv( rs one to the South, tailed Palij.iiunliSy whirh fell it^to the Sea by three MiAiths, on one ol which ftood the City calkd by tlie fime Name, the liiullell of thtle IxiPR of the Bre.-.vUh ot live Stadia, and the l.irgelt filte'n. '1 he (jthLf River ran Nonhward* toward, the Continent ot /'/<;'.■«, called C-.iuf.t. (Jiipolite to the Illand there ran a large I'ron.ontory ol /»u><7, called C.ol.iuum, d.ilint four Days Sail ; and m the nudll of the I'alfa^e there lay an Illand Ikreil to the Sun. 'liic Sea on the Coall was of a very deep (ireen, with Trees at t.he Boacx'ii, the Uranclie-, ot which were I jmc times bt ..t n olY by liie I Ic.ids ot their Ships. '1 he Si^ht 111 t!u- Northern (.onlhllatioiis lurpnfcd the tmlulladors at Rcmf very iiiiKh, and Lrrned to them like a new 1 leaven. In th< ir own Country, they laid, they obfervcil the Munj only lioin tJ/.-nghtli to the lixteeiuh Day, and Ipoke n.udi • 7...//. SutI I'rlltiui Patf.-u.'ji. ' HJ. .\ai. /.i. vi. r. ij, 1 of the bright Star Canopus, whi> h wat vifihlc in tluir H iiufphere. ilut what moll ania/.ed th.in was, the f ' of tluir Sh.idow.s to the North i and that the Sun nV"'^ ■ I.Alt, and 11 1 to titc Ri-^ht. i hey aiHrnirii ' "' th tut i,V Ciialf ol their Illand, oppolite to the Contimnt'ol /r'. was ten thouland Stadia in Extent, and that it r^'auRi'!' wanls the South-call Ix-yond the l:mod:(tn Mci'-j'! '1 hey added, tli.it tlie Country of the .Vr« U „!,.„' 4ii{i;ht of them ; and Racbi.is atliriiied, that l.is lot' ' Imd traded with thim. He laid, that the Uamirv i' u bited by that I'eople was much inKlled hy wild Iiu • that the Stris were of .i {Gigantic Stature, red-hairtd^ t;i" I'.yes blue, and their N'oices ho.irfe and luijjh, lotiatth ' Wire unintelligible to Stranprrsi tliat in other nfjciMily were like other .Men, anti tradid tairly ; for wlienCni'io liities were laid down on their Si,tc the River, tluvcirt ami took them away, it they hk-d tlum; aiui Idt w 1 j' Chanel cMoU}j;h to llitify thof- who bnninlit tlifni. A,,,, the lilaj-.d liom whence tluCe Jvmball.tllors cam', Vm' tells i,s, tlut ;t was 1 .iprclnwo \ ant tlut (ioM anJsix'r was (lleemed theie, as well as at Ro:i:e, which he tll-lj liran!;ei as alio precious Stones, and I'tarl, ti'tiiaa it they were brij'ht and tranlpaient. I le tills t^'ijnhi tiiat the Ivinbaltadois were wont to lay, that tliirc (ui pieater i'lenty ol Kiehes m their illand, hut that tli,- A';. imiiis ni.ule more nil- ol them. 1 luy liktwile oil'.iwi that tluy iud no Slavts air.orj;!! ihem -, thit tluy ncvir Ikpt in the Day-time ; that tlinr 1 loufts were bi.t low tl-.at tluy knew not wh.t Lav, li.its were; and tlut thty wi rlhipped havibiis. They iikewile informed tlie A'.';;,,;,:; that tiuir Country was extremely will cultivated, an,; tin: proilueed other Liuit tiees in abundance, hut ih.ii tht y l,ja iio\ in-s: 'I baton their Coall they ii.ul I'liiityot lilh-.i-.i tliat ti.c IVopie were iiiucii vivm to luhiiij^, ard c:');- cially to the catchin;,^ '.t Toitoife:,, the Shells cf wliicli wtre lo )ar{;e, that they mai'e life o; tiiein to cover thut H(jufes : 'That their Climate was lb wlioHonie, t',,; j M.in ot ii. J Ve.iis (j1 Alv: w'as no uneonir.v n Sij'y't. Ihf Accoiiiit they f'.a^'e een alreaely takui Notue it a tiie Account we j^ave of the Voya:;e of L.ir.buks '. We Hull hirealter h.ivc Occalion to iiujiiiie n.nrr' \y.- tiiiilarly mt'i the Situ.iuoii ol this I'.l.irid, which ii-.-k.-^li i.;r ol liime other Illaiuls, Rut leal and I'art iiii.i{^iiury, ttlii. i a:e mintioncd m their Work-., and wlneli it wiilfccnai;- lary to expl.iin, that the Rcadir may not \k niiik\i ;r;>) wiong Notions on this Sublcci, or lupi ole, that Kva,' the Aiiticnts f|xak (4 pr'xlii.'UH^s Rieli s Iduml iiiili.;; Ill.mds that wc are It I, krinsinir than they, I'mim: are not ai prelciit acquainted with any lllaad ti.at pra- i.utes the Comniodit.ts they lucntioii. The Kmpcror Sero, who fiici ceded Caucus, wosvrry attentive to the Aliairs ol 1'i.yP'^ •"'•'' rot only took uic to iiuiniain his Meets in peiliCt j>ood t oiiiiition in lx)t i .Se.i5, but hkewife H'lit I'etloiis on rur;',>li tlir./ Z.;^*,''; ifiW I.ti'ispia, inorder to have a iliar.;nd ililliiiCt Accoui.tot'U I'lodue'ts and Inhabitants ; to wiiii h lie was very | rooa 1. incited Irom the Sciieme lie had formed ol retini-g i."t» 'X^/'i in cal'- he lound it impollible lor him to n-.air.!Ji.i himlill a(^ainll his bneir.ies at Rci)ih-: And it w.is from ts.' Repot ol thele I'ei.ple that the DilLimc wa> ilitirmal Leiwitn ifyeKe or the bronticrs ol /\i!_'pt, ar.d the 1i1j..(1 i-i Mine, to Ix- eight huniind and Icvcr.ty Mile. " : .\ '.i' «- may judge ol the great Commerce carne.l en to .lut.<. ill the Rtijrn of that I'rince, liom the vail Qiiaiiiiiy i-i Ir.imle that he is laid to liavt burtit at the Lumrai o; m> Wile J'opp^a. The Rei^;ns of the three lucceuiiiii; l.iii- jK'iois, (,,i:iit, Oil'O and l.u/iius, wne too Ihirtta.:- loid us any thin^ remarkable, and therfler,' we miilt ^^'s on loJUi'iui Ifjpiijiiin, who rtttived the Linpire inif;/', where 'idcriiii JUxnndtr, who was then l)ovcrr,ir ol tlut Country, declaied tor lum, and I f/pajuix, nwu^g lulle to ,-y.j.u;wi/-;./, no fooiier lound hiii.lell i:i t.hc l-a ' Sec 4'r,7i.d iv. f. )%i. * ;■,(•; //;/. AW. Af. >■■ J \ Clup. II. of the IE. k s r Indies. 451 I'uPinion nf th« City, tlmn he vrnturcil to a(Vumc tlir the two lafl wen- only frequented by tlrMcrch.ints of tha Inixnal Oni.iim-nti, m^t cloiihtinR that he (houkl now be Country, and tlicrif.irc were not vifited but by fuchasin- aMc to comiMls ins Drlign, and male.- himlelt entirely tended to take in Frankincenfe, and othtr .'.rabimt Com- MalUr ot tlie wlioie R<'»»an limpire, which m liHeit lie modities -, for whicli th y eKchan'j.xl Arms Knives, and Glals Vellcls and other I'hings ''Z But Oalh was tiic priiuipal I'lace, ber.uife tlicre thi/ rnet with Merehants Ironi the Indies, with all Sorts of Goods i ami K iikewile lay very comnidiliouny fur profc- cuting their Voyage to the Continent of W/", where they iif.iaily made tiie I'ort of Miiziris in lorty D.iys, which PtoUmy lays down in the I.atitiide of I'oiirteen Degrees, if liis 'I'ables have not futTtred fome Alteration, liiit tliis I'ort Ixing found inconvenient, from the continual Depre- dations of I'irates in its Nei[;libourhool, it was thought nerelVary to feck a better Station ; and this led thcm°tti the Fort of Rdara, where, by the Help of Initan Proes, IlisSon 7'/.'w.f, whofurceedcd him, having in the Life- j,,„.'ot jus I'athcr made a fudden Journey into E];ypi, iiiii bfini; rieiivcd witii great 1 lonoiirs at AL'XitiKlria^ thi> aliwie'ereateil aSufpieion tiiat he intended to revolt, and Ittii'ijorliinif-lfi whith pkiinly ^lews the f ttled Opinion i;t the Rmani at that 'l"ime, that the I'olVillion of E^ypt was liitlicicnt to give any I'rinee a I'owcr ol making him- l;:t MalUrot the whole Empire ''. As wf luve now tondui^ted the Hiftory of this Com- iiura' 10 a proper Period, it is recjuifite to give a partieu- |,r IXIeiipiinii '>' the manner in whicli it was carried wi, and «f tlie extraordinary Chmges it produced in the they tranfportcd their (ioods up a navigab'.e , Ullonisot tlie Romans, who, till they became acquainted great trading Town, called MadnJ.-t; and, having completed \v.{\\ tins I'r.iHick, iiad never Ihewn themltlves much in- their Alfairs, fo as to have the Advantage of the Tradc- liftiiiD'rr.uic, but lc!t it rather t'j t!x Greeks and other wind back, they ufually returneil to yUexamlria towards l.iuigncrs illalilidicd amongll them, the latter lind of December, or the Beginning of yaiiiituv ,1. I'lic Navigation to thv; Indies was profecuted, at furihelt The Indidii Commodities, which were thus \u..r.tlic A'owM'//lirlt kcamc Mailers of Egypt, by failing brought to Eg_vpt, were again unladen, and carried to He- ,'ov.n tlic .Irabiait tiuipli, to a i'on ne;;r the I'romontory renicc ; from whence thi y were tranfported by I^nd to v\ S:.!p-us, wliich Ploieniy the Ceogra;duT places in the Cop.'its, thence by the IVile to /llexaiidria, and io to LitifJe of toiirteen Dcgrei'; ; which, beyond Contro- Rome by the annual Fleet from Jlexiiitdria, wJiich was \\:\;, Li that I'oint ot the /Irabian Coall which is now fittlcd by /liigiijlus °. ,,,'1 C.11C Eiirtnk, and which, in the bell modern The Exjicnce, or, properly fpeaking, the Stock which Ma|,:, is l..id down in ch • I .atitudc of tonrtcen Degrees, was annually inverted by tiic Romans, in the Commodities torty Miiuitts •, which agrees very well with the Situa- fit for this Commerce, amounted, in the 'I'ime of /V/hv, \m a(li,siieJ hy Ptolemy: And troin hence their Vef- to fifty Millions of SelUrces, which makes about four r-is r.ii!d to the Mouth of the K'' r Indus ; that is, to the hundred and three tiioul.md Pounds of our Money : And, Hand (if yV/.'rt/ri, 16 often nun.,oncd in t!ie Millory of by the Profit of the Goods returned, they gained oao .•.Vvi,,'tr the Great. B'Jt afterwards this N.iviga; ion was hundred /(^r CV«/. '. It may not be amifs, to .idd to this g.^neral Account fome Particulars as to the CcMnniod.itit s in which theic //;. dian Merchants ikalt. fn tlie full place, we ought to rec- kon Spices, and particularly Cinn.inion ; of which we havu a l.irge Account given us by Pliny, wherein there are Ibmc Circumllancts that detlrvc to be confiikreil : In the lird :h was looked upon I'lacc, he obferves, that very llrange Stories were told by e South well Wind theAntients, in regaui to the fe Spices, on purpofe to iii- (hi;;;cd; for, under the Keignof the l-'mperor Chtuditis, t:i;e vas one //vprt/.Yf, who was, probal'ly, a Citizjn of :l'.i\.vdriii, oiGieek Extradition, diat tountl out a Ihorter irjlcafier Palfage: And this by the Obfervation of the Tim.' when the Traile-wind blew, which mabled him to fiii, a: once, through tlie Streights, and acrofs the In- i'. '(liaii, lilrectiy to Pattul.i; which a' 1) (\U'aordinary a Thing, that the vi,i-.ilti.rwarils c-i!. d by his .N'ame, and fo became a per- hanfe their Value ; fiich as, tiiat tliey were ccllecud un j Mil Monument of his good Eoi tune, in this refpeiit '. iler Trees, in which the I'hccnix built lier Neft, bein'^ Vet in liicci'eding Times but all within this I'eriod) prelT'ed down, and broken, by the Prey Hie brought to teeil t.yiiutle Hill farther Dilioveries, with rel'peifl to this In- her Young; or elfe ihoc ilown with ^Arrows headed with .:.: Voy.ige -, in whie!'., h.owever, they met with perpe- I.e.ut. I'o this Story iuccceded another, no K Is incre,,i!dr, rj lat>rriiptions, from the I'iraciesof the .Irabians, which 173. that Cinnamon-trees grew in certain Marlhes, guarued I "ll-iii:icd th^ni tJ ca'iy, belides their ordinary Comple- n;;-.! et .>len, a certain .Number of Soldiers, or Archers, ' -aJi .Ship, to li.ll-n.l them tiom tlufe Uoblx-rs. At !•: g:h, however, the great Prvifits, ariling from this Tr.ide, !.'.r..!iiiig the Number of fuch as engaged in it, rliey I ii.jikred .ill nillieulries, and fettled an .inini.d Trade from .::(;..,! Jrui, ti) tlie Mouth of the River /;;./;(;, after this .nu.iiiur : The (i(M)ds that were inteiuled lor the Indian XiiLti, were tinb.irk.-d at .Piesandria ; from whence I'i,' were carried to 'Juliopolis, two Miles from thence -, Ethiopians purelialed it, that t!;ey might keep this Tnidc -"■1 lo e.p the Kiver A',7.', to Coplus, at tlie Diltance of intirely in tlieir own llanils. 'I'liis precious Commod.ity I'.' duiiu'-.cii '-..: liiree Miics ; which City Ptcl'iny places they exported in lliiall Hoats, without either Oars or Sails j '■i.e' 1 Jtiiude ot iw.nry-tivc Degrees twenty Minutes; and, putting to Se.i in the miellt of Winter, they, by tl'.c > •!■. aj^rtes very well 'witli the Accemnts that modern 1 Kip of the South-ealt Wind, iloubled the Cape of.,V- by frightful Dragons. Ami v. hen People grew toe) wife to iK-lievc this, it was next laie.1 to come from very diib.nt Countries, where it grew in fuch Abuiieiarce, that the Scent of it might be perceived at a great Diftance ; by which, as they pi. tended, the l''ieet of .l-'ew'-nu'er ihlcerned the Coall of /trabin. All tlule Accounts he eicclaivs to be falfe ; unel then tells us w.'i.it, in his Opinion, was the 'i'ruth ; which is that Cinnamon grew in Ellirpia, .ind the aiijacent Country ot the "■Pngkdytes, from wh.oin the '.v.ilrrs give us of the Situ.ifiein ot its Ruins at this Day. i.= \MiKtwas fiir, they commonly peT'irmeil their Aye ii> twelve Days, At Cc/>/w the \'ell. 's were un- ■'"^Cvl 1 and the Cioods on Camels Hacks, wer: tranfport- 'L i:i eight Days, 10 Rerntiee, which l.iy at the I'/illancc ' '.wo iiiineircd .iiid fifty-eight Mllev; gojle, aiiel le) arrived at the lamous Port oi Oci'is, where they tralfickeei with the Merchants from E^ypi tor (ilats, Copper, ami Brats Ware, fine Linen, and Toys. Tins Navigatiein was io tedious, that thele People very feldoin returned in leli; than live Vcirs; und many of them pe- rilhe'd in thele dangerou.s Voyages. At OeiUs the King let the I'riee up.on it, whie h w.is tormerlv to high, that ;i Pound ot Cinnamon was le)!d at A'c/.t' tor one thei'.ifand Sefterces, which was about eight Pounds of our Money: J- I ane, tlity tleereel ehivdly for the /Irai-ian Coall, And it even arofe to a much higher Price, when it was ■"■i 111 thirty Days arriveel at Oeelis, which Ptolemy lays pretended, that the Wooils of Cinnamon in Ethicpia were I '^n in the Latitude of twelve Degrees, tho*, uiuioubted- funit down by \\\.- -Jroij^lcdylt's : Be.r, at the time Plniy ■}. iiut is too lar South. Or elle the fleet liiilcd to Ci/wJ. 1.1' , ly. XII. f.i/. 19, .l/j. n., Uot. p. lO. iit. Hi/!, It!', vi. f(j,i. ij. ' Pin. Stit lliji. lie. u. He m: I ; Hi V n ■ ■'■xr-m i' ' i' : !: ■' i f'lr r :». tt !] ill' ■ t i '«% iJ ^i ; 4 c''' ^ ■'ija 7/'t' Difcovcry, Settlement, ami Commerce Eooi^j riloy likcwilt bioiij^lit. 111 tlicfc Flecti, Abumlancc rf cfiouj Stones, jMiiicul.uiy L)i.imoml< \ ot which PIn:^ llinji.af1.;i i\x Kinds, the Lvllot wliidi w.is the liJian \ Jillint;... .., ...^ ^^.. v„ „ ►. .... . .uU after that the Ji,n!..in Duinoml ; which w.is cllccmed «ii{5C'oiur.ulR'h()ns .uilc only lioin thru- not luviin' licuMitly coiifulcrc.l. o'^mi!. In the til (I j< Ci(opatra\ dii"- U|Kjn the true Kealon ; ind tar Ik- it hoiii nir, to r m- i I'.jlving in Vim-f;.ir, ami tluii Uallowini;, a I'lar! tliat was the I ights I l'.a\ e dn ivtil Iroin tin Ihoit 1 Imt rivm hvt- • ell>.en-..-d woith near til'ty thouliind I'oiin.isot (lur Money : i;reat Man, who, m his I leaule ot the fonviurceot t- But it is a reiji.irk.iiilv- Obkrvation, whu h IHiny takes t'ror.t Antients, tells us that ,1r,iliii ihtH.ipjy w.i- lo (,,j|..,i ,. ,", Jhujh.'.'a, tliat I'earls bore a very i)i;di I'rice, Ix-ton- hj>yft the dHvcmony .j tis Pern, ani.1 ilic |ii.,ih!'n,ir K,;., ' brum.- aA' ;.'.j/» i'lovii tc ; but ar'.erw.uds they {;riw torn- q'lirrd by Ks Inh.ibitants, Iroin tdtii txtnilivt lomir; , nion; .mJ, in ins Inne, the l.adiei h.id their .Shoes em- 1 his fiii<;lc 1 lioi.j^ht, | lo^erlv niilueil, wi!| cn.h;. i br'.iJrrcd with til! m. bnuralvls wire next in I'riee : .Ami - ' '- " -i ■> .. ■■- ... ct tftell; there were twelve Sorts ; the v. ly bell ot wliieh were thole brouj;ht Ironi tlie Nofthern /«.//(•/ ; and the n.Xt, thofc ot fji'.ip:,! and tgypl. I lie Opal, wliich try, vioio, aiivr, pneious.-iinne.s, auvl eviry oilur vj'^j''. V.-.IS a Stone ot gieat \ alue, a;id ot ditVeient Coiouis, was Coirnxjility, aj^pe-red v. ith I'rolullon, inluiiiHihthatf , •• lik(.w;k- bruu;;!it 111 thi ;j lleer"-: Ot wl-.ieh P/.v/v fils us a wtr • ji.ltly clleimeil thcmt.il ojnilcnt Naton Jntl f\V, r''' ' rcm.iik.ilik St^ry, ot one j\\.n>iiis, a .Suiaiur, who was We n:av .ntUI re tins, tlut almolt all t|i;- o,!-,, \ pioreribtd by .h.'oty, tor th;- lake ol a tine Kin|% in lions ol the World, whu h weie ililliniMiilhnl i, vhikh on; ol tiieie Stones wa.s lit, valued at twenty tlwu- I'.nd Sellc-rr'.s. '1 he JmU;.ih kubies were likewile m hi|;h l:fteeni, tl'pecialiy tlich as were ot a very bri^lit toiour ; l/.it ti.ey wert liieii, it leenis .is tiny are now, txeetdiiifily karce. .Add to tlitfethe loy.u, and an iiilinite .Numkr ot otIi"r vStune-, tiut weie tikii ateouiitillii.iiiti s tli.it lu\e aiilui jUh,! rh,- (V tnerce ol the huiia. .Vr.;/i;,li)ejkingtfthc.W.M-!.',felbni«,thai,ir.t!.;rC,... try, Ciold, Silvr, pnvioiisStone.s, niul eviry mjur vjliy' t V ■? r.ide and Wca'th, derived it from "ihim>. ,, horn lienc,e, that the iiniieit I'jyftitWi diiw tirir pliis' i tiomluiuc the 'lyrinns li.ui tiieir rii lull L(;i!;-:o ties'i tioin liinic So'dwcn reinval lieli v.'.liijhlr j' Iciits'-. from h;nee the /•,mrr A;:.'.iu l;ruii"h: a! .ue iKXt to rcd;L.n .Mttals, tlpeeially (iold, ot whuh tl iia.l great ^^j-i.-.tities by means ot this 'I'rade -, as alio I'.bony, and o-htr i:ch WohIs, with Imtnli:', Gums, Isory, ;md other Oiiental C<»miiUKlities '. A^,iinll the I'teofall th'lc Piiny invcit;hs bitterly, af"- f!rm;i,jj; th.U t!;.y were priii. i; .il!y pro urei'l tu oblige Wo- men ■, and ihii th.- Kuhes i,i ili- l-.mpue were lljuanJered a\v.,y, merely to make t!ie Kunait l.a.!iis vain. As an Inibnee ot' lliis, lie tciis us, that he liid oltcn looked wi:h .■\ina/.emcnt u;.>on I.B:.':a Paulina, the Dowager vi Call- gu.'u, wliofe lle.id-dic!-, .Ntekl.ue, and I!iatVkt=, alone, were adorned wu!i l-.m.raLls, IVarls, and other precious in. s. u. ^^.m^m^ni, .mu otim .-ijmes-, anu uie ui! .; Stone', to t!ic .Amount ot forty .Millions of Selkrces, diunt, wlmii he gives a-: tile true one, w.is, v.\Ui;'', wliieh makes upw.iids ul three hundrid and twei.ty thou- imieh a Fable as any of the t(fl ; and Icives op!v loil.i.i, l.i::d I'oun.'s ot our Mom y. } le adds, that lur lather •'"• •' -■ '■■'■ ' -• -i- • - ■ -•' ■ " ' the KkIks ot ilie b.Ul '. 'I'he {Ar^at UilHuilty.th'n, ! i iii tinJir.j; out, how ihele I'eople lame by this ]'r(K;..;: the moll lulitl.: People in the World, ihiy took lirr ;j lonceal their Navigation with tlie uimolt i.'.uition. ,'■ ; dear from the .Accourr we li.ive already pl^ennllt(>! f',", that .Abundance ot i-ahhs were mveiitiii, to ke- p un :';.■ I'liec ot (.'•.nnamon, mm! other .Sj)ires -, ami the bl! .■ that thv .Ini/'idiij, who were always Lmuus tor thj F tility ot their Invention, kr.ew how to |)rop()tticii ihe.Srjr.! they told, to the 1 ,i{',lits w hu li other Nations hm! reerivcii, i he t iiuiamoii, and other .Spues l'''d mth'l'o::'! — 5 — •> ...11^3 i..,.i ,^u.«j ^^«^;l.<, uiL fJ.iIis, were undoui.tedly LM(iu!j;iit til 111 t'le lileul i;l C"- < ir.uiaian ol ..\;;.jius, would not kreen him, as he exptcted, lut, to which tl:e .Ir^.tjuins l.iiled I7 the I I-'lp ot iv.c Mi::- he Iwalluwed a Dole ol Poiioii; and therei)y prevented Iomii 01 .,r<7i>!.'i, ir is 1 10 I hat I may reiuler the 1 liftory of the antient Tr.ule tlieiii trom tiie Jllands ot hijia. ol /«./..(. IS cL ar, .isintelhgiljle and fatislactory to the Reader I lay, it is m.uiikit, tli.it ihey hivujdit them, arj;'..; i.5 it k polhble, and that I nuy leave him widi few or no they weie not ( rooj;J,t to them ; iKeaule, il tluv .';J, :^- Dirtiiuliies .lUiut ir, 1 will take tins Opportunity, alter let- SeLitt mult I Iu\'c biol.en oui, .nul the Navi '.;-':on r- tiiig down at large, what /'.Vwv, .uid other antient Writers the Kaltern llLifuis luve Iven iii.ije rhofonr'.iv I^r.civ have dtlivded as .Matti rot l-.kt, to .add loiiieODUrvations to the I^iyphjns, the G'm.b, ai.d the AiM.;'V., v,li:ch'- ih.it may rra.iu ilc ilu m to ilic .State in which 'I'huigs are never was. 1 lity had, indeed, Ibmc conldtd Not,, i.- ' told, that Uypiiiiis liilf dUeovired the .Vnith-wcll \V:: would carry a .Slup dir, c weie thcCJrowth ol .hnlna, it is nul. Jell, tiut the;, b.'w,: • Prnf/ui fiL i, f,,frr,i. Mirriani ll^ratUtl* Piriflm. PI, Di-i. iuul. iii. m A^uilatihtJti Jr I'U'OsMari, f. (>\ ' i K, '*•■ 2 Lh,. >• P!,i \»i. Hr! 1,1, \x. , \-. ^ OiiJ ill a/, il'ah Ptnfiui M-irn /■, * Dii.i. vifnA /)j»i Ctl'iui '^i-abi. r.'-. ' h. '. » /' ,;i. Sdl lir ciiap. n* of the V.K^r Indies. 4n n rich Illands in the Indian Sew, fiich ai Titprohiti, p,'i hmiiil'i, ana Panchaia i but they were very lonlulLil J ill As to the lirlt, they have dcftribcd it (b inijxr- f-\\y that it is almoft impoflible to gucfs where it hcs \ he Iccond was no other than the Illand of Paltalu, long before difcovcred by /.Uxander \ and the other was a mere Invention, or a Story palmed iipon them by the //ratianu as P!umb very judicioufly oblcrves '. It is true, that feveral anticnt Writers fpcak of the In- ean Merchants, that frequented the Ports oi ^irnlia i but ihcycame only from thcCoaft of Malacca, and theCoun- uxi liordcring upon '^tr/ia i and were as little acquainted ftiih theCountfies from whence the Arabians tranlJKJited their moftValuablc Merchandize, as the G'«r*i and Komaiis thcmfelves, who alfo frcqucntctl their Courts, and carrieil on 1 confiderable Commerce with them i but not in thcfc rich Commodities •, for Ptinj obferved, that they tame only Irom Ocili!, and that the Price was fet by tiie King of tlut Country, wiiich other Writers have conlirmed ". This Account is fu much tlie more probable, as it torrefponds eiaftly, both with antient and modern Re- lations i for, with nfpcft to the former, it fliews how the Country might of old be as rich and opulent as the Crttk Writers reprefent it •, and, on the other hand, how it comes to be in fo different a Condition at this Day \ lor that the Air is exccflive hot, the Climate near the Coall very unwholfome, the bed Part of the Soil fandy and bar- ren, and the Country ir general producing; nothing hut In- (cnfe, and rich Gums, of all the valuable Commodities, ivx were formerly brought from thence, are I'ads that cjinot be now difputed ' : And, upon a View of what an- tiflit Writers have delivered, we Ihall cafily dillover, that many of the wiftft of them fufpcdeti the very thing that 1 maintain, that is, that the Wealth of this Country was the Rcfult of Commerce, and not of its natural Fer- tility i for Sirabo * long ago obferveil, that the y obtained vail Quantities of CJold, and precious Stones, in I'.xi hangc for thr.r Aromatics •, and that thefe rich (joods were again exclianged ibr fuch Commodities and Manufactures ot the Wilt, as they ftood moll in need of, or with which they were mod afiefled : And hence it was, that, in fpite of the Difficulties attending its Navigation, the Aahun Ciulpli WIS one of the molt frequented Seas in the tlun known Worki. In the fecond Place, I obferved, that this accounts pcrfeAly well for the Miltakes that we meet with in antient Writers, as to the Places where Spices, and other valuable Ccnimoditics, arc found. Their Reports as to Jrabia, and i'lsFiuitfulneUin Spices, were fo far founded in I'ruth, as that they knew no Country where they were to be found, tut that ; and the Defire of polTefling fo rich and valuable a Plate, was what principally moved /luguftut, and Ibmc of the lucceeding Emperors, to think ol conquering Jra- i:a, which had been before in Danger, from the Power fAAlixandtr, on the fame Account '. It was probably the Fear of the Remans, that induced IX Arabians to frame the new Tale, of Cinnamon's grow- in tlie Country of the Ethiopians and Troglodytes, and that 1! WIS brought to them with infinite Difficulty \ I fay, they might very [(ollibly be induced to circulate this Story, in orCer to engage die Romans in a War with thofe I'eople \ vhch woiilil have been an cffedual Means of keeping their I orccs on the other Side of the Gulph. It is very plain, t.Dm what Plitij lays, that this Notion of Spices growing ' ! Eibiepia, was a very new thing, and that he thought he hid matlc a great Diicovery, in publifhing it to the World : And what ftijl confirms this the more, is, the Pad he gives i-| lorn his own Knowledge •, viz. that the firll Cinnamon- llii.t tlut ever was feen at Rome, was brought thither in i-c Kfigii of Titus, and was confccrated in the Temple wftcd to the Memory of tlavius Vefpafianus '. But 1 know it maybe objeftcd, thatabundimcc of Doubts l^ivc been moved about the Cinnamon of the Aniients, as II It was quite another thing from the Spice known to us i-y that Name. In Anfwer to this, 1 mull remark, that '•e Objeftion rifes from the Dcfcriptions left us by the An- ''=its, of a thing they had never l<:en, but took their Ac- lounts u|)on Tnift from the Sabtans, who, witfi refpcA to lhrin,had the Monopoly of that Commodity ; fo that, in the firll PI.ICI', there in no ^reat Credit due to their Dcfcriptions ( and the K Is, iKiaulu tliov agree as little with each other, as with our Accounts of that Spice, from thofe who are beft nctiimintnl with it. In the next Place, wc are to con- lider, that in the Ifland o\ Ctylon, from whence we have all our Cinnamon, they diftinguifh no Ids than nine different Sorts, by the Adjunftion of fo many different EpitheU to the Wortl Ceroiida, which, in their Langusge, (Ig '"< Cinnamon : The third Sort, for Inftance, is called Capperou Corenda, which is as much as to fay, the Camphire Cinna- mon \ and there is n Kind of wild Cinnamon, that growl oil the Contiiunt of India, near Goa, called by the Natu- rulilU in India, Canetla Malabarica fylevjlris, or the wild Malabar Ciniianion \ which fo cxoAJy reliimbres the Caf- ptrtH Oronda, that it is not to be dillinguifhed but by the lallc : And, in all Piobability, it was a Root of this Plant that Pliny li»w conf -crated in a golden Urn, in the Temple of /futu/lMs i or, at Icafl, his Defcription agrees very well with this. In the thiril Place, if weconfider, the imper- Ird and ditcordant Dcfcriptions, which the Antientsgive of this Snirc, and the many Kinds of it that are known to the Mndeiiis wu caimot wonder at the Doubts that have iirifni alxmt it \ nor can wc reafonably believe, that any Argument, drawn from thence, ought to weigh againft the politivc Matters of ladt, that have been laid down* and are not liable to any Dilpute ". The thini Oblervation I Ihall make with regard to the Commcnr of the Romans in the Ead, is in relation to the precious Stones they brought from thence j about which as litany Doubts and Difficulties have been raifed, as about the Spues \ and for the very fame Reafon, bccaufc they were not well acquainted with the Subjeft, but fpoke of Things lit livoiul-hand, and generally from the Reports of the .ivabian Merchants, from whom they received them. Thus, lor Inllance, their Defcription of the Opal docs by no means agroc with the Stones of that kind that arc known aiiioiigll us ; and, as for the T'o/az, it is impoflible to know what to think of it, fince they fometimes defcribc It ol It (.uren, as well as at other times, of a gold Colour, which is the only one known to us. As to their Emeralds, they dillinguilh the Indian from the Egyptian, but wc know not now of any Indian Emeralds ; by which I mean, l''.meralils rhat arc adually found in India -, for the oriental I'.meraKi is a Phrafe in Trade, and means no more than a very perlcCk Stone in point of Colour and Hardnefs, which the bell Judges have clleemed to be the £gj'p//(J» Emerald ; though liime fay, that the Inhabitants of the Philippines udually received them from Pm*, before that Countiy was dilirovend by the Spaniards \ and that thefe, coming into Kuropt, from India, were, on that account, diftinguilhecl by the Name of oriental Emeralds ''. U<,forc I part with this Subjcil, I cannot but obferve, that the lieat, exprefled by Pliny, againft thefe Orna- ments, and his larcallic Remark, that if the antient Con- querors of Rome could return from the Dead, they would regret their Triumiilis, when they faw, that the foleEffeft ot them, was to deck the fine Ladies, their Dcfcendants, with un infinite Numlxr of Jewels of high Price, is ill-founded. There is, no doubt, a Luxury in Stones, as well as in other 'I'liings : But, on the other hand, they are much miilaken, who affirm, there is no intrinfic Worth in them, and that they ought not to be regarded, or valued. The intrinfic Worth of Iron, and other Metals, confifts in their Ufc- fulnelii \ the intrinfic Worth of Silver and Gold, in their being proper Meafures of the Value of other Thi: _,5 ; and the former, with refpcCl to Mankind, is not a Grain more itninirtant than the latter : Without ufeful Metals, we lliould be much at a Lots at home -, and, without thefe commun St.tndards. as to the Worth of which, all Nations arc agreed ,wc could not conveniently carry on any Commerce abroad. It is in this laft Light, theretbre, that precious Stones arc to Ix conlideretl •, they are extremely beautiful 10 the I'.ye, which g.iins them a general Eftecm , they are wondcffully limi and durable i and this augments thtir '^'IfilUtOfir. "">*: 30. » P/i». A'*». Hi/Jib. xii. etf. 19. At»lb»riis vi thill Monty, \s.ii at all nnatrr, or more wortliy tlk- CoiitiirjU ( I d I'hildlopiier. tluii tin- Vaniiy ot' her All tlm-, 'u\ his triuini'lial Or ; liiKi, m the l-'.yi- ol Kialim, one Spccivsol I'liuc h a<. much, .mil .n truly, a Folly, iu aiujtiKT •, ot uhitli the tli'.ir y.ji'./um w.ii very rcnfibli, wli this MattiT, tlut he fent an Otfirer, with a Detachment of his own I.ilegjards, into I\zjpt, on purpofc to invaitr t.ibwpia, if thiy might not have Leave to march through it peaceably. 1 hcfe I'lople performed their Frrand, and n turned with a lair Account ol what they had lecn •, which I'.id not, by .my means, anlwer the l-'xpe^latioiisthai were r.iil'd by the Dtl'tniitions that had bc this Country, from whence they brought Flephaiits, RluiMXerolia, .ind other wild Bcafts, Ivory, and particularly that Sort ot it which was eafiell wrought into Images, Chairs, Throms, and other Utinfils i as alfo rich Cuinis, and precious Stones, elj)ecially Emcrakls and 'r ti)/^ 4,,' lUx.mdn,), w.xs v.eiKially ondlcral.i, I f >y the common iVcpk- , ai. Mth'r.t^", alfo alooR tlie Coart of Per/ia, to tlM< I'mmiersof tho /, k but the I'UKlticeol all th"i "•"<'">'•••■•'• •■ i« — •""' the Fleet bom. /.'• piian, at le.ill by hand, all rh Comnv n e of /^v/i/ was, .it Hme\ V^Z the ivniral N.ime ot the Tradi' ol .ilf\;iii,lri,i, Jhntir which had m.iile fo gr''->' :• l'";'.""' Ir'iiiuheTimcotitjfjft l''otiiid.itii)ii, .mil, indeed, in Right of .ts Fmimlir, v.i'iri, was aftcrwHrds made the Capital of thor llcjminu ,;s I the Ptolm:ei ', receivrt lA' . Ilrx.:itrlriii mnarxi anmially to a Million and an li.ilf 1 f mr Mcmcv, A^J Diodorus Siailuf rejviris In'in his ( un KnoAlnij'c, tlj- at tile 'I'mie he w.n then', the l-'rurncn of tin.' C;ty «,-.' abose thne hundr(\I thoufimi * : .So tint it imill hive Ikmi then as |xipul..ris as /.-./i/rw is at prrlrrt, tvinipn the low(ft Computniion, I'.nd tiipiKiling that the tar prater Part of its Inlialntants were whnjiy Hi: [X):te.! hy Trji'-. To lay the Trutli, J'.-y.in !r\i within this, and the ?c- i\rn\ whuli will ;>econt.uned in the next Ch:ipter, fa-',) to have att.iined t'l th.it (Jrandeur for wiiith its l-'uunii.n'o. figned it, finee it embraced, in a greit mcil'urf, the whole '1'r.uico; tiie Reman I inpire. 1 his s\.is imm.im'iy owing to thefe two Caiifrs: Firll, the Convrniciicy of i;j Situation, by which it lay open to the Mt\itterrjnm;r\ the Cue t.nken by the Kcmar.s to pr(rrve, an.l ,\\:i to inlargc its I'orts: And iKxt, to the Ipiitan, orOiintil Coninierre, which has always had an attractiw Qiu'ity, and drawn, where ever it was feated, almoft .ill the I'r ,; of the World Ix-fide. Thu*, tor inftnncc, whm t!.' /.'• netians and ('•nti.ejt ftiaud that Trade between thm , tluj ii\<^roiU-d all the reft : Th-n it was, for .1 fmnll Time, ..:• tachcsl Ki I.isl'on \ and eame afterwant«, in conf.quc-c; chielly ot their /«»//<»« Commerce, to the A'i,;»/y!!i ami ;;,: Dttlck This, I think, is the deareft and molt lativljctry .\nfwer that can l)e given to th.it (^lijei'liun, which vuu otten luar made to this Commerce, th.it it cirrus ci.:j vail (Ju.intity ot .Silvi r ; anil wiiiih, ,vi 1 conciivc, n.i full Itartid ly /'.';«v, who ai'Ui.illy cnmi'iair.s, that the .trabiant ncuviil leady Money lor their litdiM Con,:iic- ditiis, .md laivl out nothing in Return. This, I l:y, :i the moll I'uisJ.ictory Anlwer, tx-eaufe itllKws, that wl.i:- ever Lots may attend this Trade in the tiift Inlbiici, ytt thofe who are poflelicd of it, arc lure tu have a lirj: Balance in their Favour, in confenuencc of tl'.c g'neii Relort It occafion'-, and the Returns that arc iiulc trom tlicjli: Countries whii h take their Mian CommmlitifS 0* their H.inds. IIow lar ths Objciftion may Tu- ta i!:; Trade f>l Kurcpr, m general, with the InJits, is aiutkr Qiieftion, and Ihail Ix- largely conl'u'.ired at tlie Clofaf this ( liapter -, vslun I hope to iLmonllratc, that all t:U has Ix-en hitheriD fud on this Top^, flow s fruni a Mr- apprehenllon ot the Nature of Coirm.rir i anJ i:.i', u[)on till- W'hide, wliatcver Country iiuint.iins thcgrwicU and iiKill cteiilivc Trade, under proper Keg'.;Ltxr', mull Ik- liicj^iiatiH dain; is by 'Tr.ide, tho', in Ibm. [-...■ ticular Brain his ol it, tiny mav Ix' laid to lole. Atp;- lent, our Buliii'lsis to purine tin^ Suly.il o;!c .St.'P tart'i-'. and 10 Ihcw wh.it .iddi:ioi;.il Iniptoveiinnts the Ci'miii::-- ol the Fall, by the W.iy of /-x'v//, r^aivcd, whl-int.; H.iiids of the Rcmartt, till tiu: Seat ot the hiiii'in- »'5 •'■ mov; d liom Kim,- 10 Cc:ijLiitintrpU, which creaied i g'^^j Alteration in the Vm'c of Atlairs 111 this, ai wcil J^ m *■■ other relpctts, '.u/ lt,l. XJtXVl 16 ^7. .hI u. ^ I'ttifiHi Mi-u Eiiihrmi, p. i. « Sriai*. lit xril 'A'! h Bill 7-i- •'•• S I- C T I N mm- Cli;ip. ir. of the East Indie SECTION X. s. 43? ,/; Acouftl of the /iffoirs ofV.<^y\^t^ and of the Commrce carried on by //jc Romans, through that Country^ to the Eajty till the Seat rf the Empire was tramjcrrcdfrom Rome to Con- 11 intinoplc. 1. Afiiccin^ Anoimt of the ylttcntioti paid toCommncc in ^^enentl. and to this Branch in particular, ftofH /;r/?i*/;j«''/Tr.ijan, to that '/Marcus Aurelius. j. The Stat,- of this Commerce, during that Period ^ ,r!.ltly Miftakfi that have been made about it rechJLJ. j. Al'unintt Account of the Roman Emperors, fivit the Accejjion o/ Marcus Aurcliiis, to the Death o/ Ale xuiulcr t^LVcriis. 4. this yieiv of their Reigns C'niinucd, from M.iximiu to Aurclian. y. The Hi/ljry of r.ulmor, or Palmyra i ando/ the Indian Com- mce carried on there, from the Rife to the De/lrttStion of that City and Principality. 6. An Account It th fucceeding Emperors, from Aurclian to Conlbntirif the Great. 7. tHv situation of the Commerce {///•(•Romans, at the ClofeoJ this Period. rpi I H E Reft which the Roman Empire h.id cn- jo>ecl undrr two furh excellent I'rinccs, as hh'jius antl Titus VtjpafiaH, was intircly for- cottcn under tin; tyrannical Yoke of Domiiian, the lall Prince ot that Family, and one of" the worll that ever pro- (aiicJ the Imperial Purple. As he lived in Blood, fo he (1ii\l by the Hand of an AflafTin, who thought he did the World good Service, by removing one who had (hewn himl'ilf an open Knemy to Mankind. He was fuccecdcd in the Empire by CocceiusNerva, who reigned only a Year md four Months ; and in that Time, flicwcd a laud.iblc Intention to have remedied all the 1'', vils introduced by his PrakcilTur : And that he might fccure the Mappinefs of hisOuntry, in caf- he Ihould be taken oflF by an unex- p«li\l Death, he, without any Regard to his own Family, cliof; for liis Siicccflbr Uipianus Trajan, a Spaniard by Birth, and one who w.is recommendal to him only for his Vimus. The raifing this Man to the I'.mpire, Wiis not more iiirtunate to him, than happy for his Hubjcfts -, for ht was .1 Prince endowed with ail the Qualities that were ncclTaiy to the Support of that high Dignity, and with the Talents that were peculiarly requifitc to reilorc the Rep tarion of the Roman Name, and the F'orces of a Go- vanmint now fmking under its own Weight '. Ilewasrajftd to the F'.mpirc in A. I), ninety-eight ; rnJ having firtl fecureil all the Provinces on the Side of 6Vr«(7M', he bigan toturn his L'.yes to the opix)iitc F'rontier ; lind having ordered the (iovcrnor of Syria, to enter Arabia lit Siciy with an Army, he ilnick fiidi I'error into the !■ ift, that fomc InJitin I'rinces fcnt tluir Ivmballiidors to RiM, where he received them with great Civility and Kiniinffs ". He made afterwards an F'.xpedition into the 1 ail, where he extmdcil, by his Conquelt, the Bounds of thcF.mpire, as far as t!ie River Tyi^ris : And, having made lanlli Mafti r of the City Clefiphon, he was again pro- tlainifd F.mperor, and hid the Name of Parthicus given lum by the Senate. I Ic was a great yXdmircr of the For- tune of /ilnandcr ; and in fome Tilings alVcfted to imi- tate him: For which Realbn, as he was now near the In- dun Ocan, he determined to vifit it -, which Delign he alio put in Fxecutioii. While he was at the Mouth oi the hpkreits, he law a Ship there that was bound to the /«- cits; with which he w.is exceedingly plealed, and ile- claral that he would have taken that Oppoitunity of niaking the Voyage, if he had been a younger Man than h'.- was '. He rendered divine Honours to AlcwvuUr the Gre it on fne Sjjot where he died ; and often cxprcHed a very high I'.ufem for his Virtu-s, and an carneft Delirc to imitate his peat Dcfians for the Benefit of Mankind ; with which View he d:rrfted a large Fleet to he built in the Rid Sea for the Dcleiire of the Navigation on that Side -, and un- ('trtix-k himlMf the Uedudtion of I'art of Jralia, in lw;is ()t liciiring by that means the Trade of the Fall to h:s Subjettb, who were extremely haialfed by the con- ■ '•'n»C«/„, /,i hvi.i. ^. „,. r/inPuOf^. Aurrl. I'uhr. Eutri '-' "li;.;,;. 78.,. /'/„. Utjuf.a. £ulicf. * Dim CajJ.ui, f. 7 ;■{'"'• 7'- '»'»• Sfatiiuu. Jt-vit .iJriun. Aunt. Utt. « /•' '■ il»i U' tbrattU W o:k of J, Hun is as follows. Arriuni EfiflJa in AJ, ' .■ ',■ 'hi. J. III,. x,y. l),^,ji, aj. S C. frdManHM, tit. xx.\\i. I 49. tinual Piracies of the Arabians : With this View he entered the Country of the //Iranians, which lay on the South Side of the Per/tan Gulph i but found that Region fo barr.n and deflitute of Provifions, that he was conllrained to re- tire from before the Capital of their Country, to which he hail laid Siege \ In this Enterprize, however, he fa- tigued himfell fo much, that he kll into a Loofencfs, of which he liied in Cilicia, after he had reigned only nineteen Years, I Ic was a Prince careful, in all refpeds, of the Interells of the Emfiire, but particularly of what con- cerned the F.aft ; and, therefore, he took care to c.uifc the Canal between the Nile and the Rtd Sea to be cleanfed and repaired, fo that it was thence forward called the Ca- nal of Trajan '. He was fucceeileil, A, D. 117, by Adrian, who had been his Ward •, and to whom, for his conllant Fidelity in all the various Scenes of his Life, Trajan bequeathed the Em- pire '. There were few of the Roman Princes who had either greater Talents for governing, or the Qualities of whole Minds were better ftiited to the Times in which they lived, than thofe of Alrian, whofe Knowledge was exten- five, his Temper firm, his Capacity equally great as a Soldier, and a Statefman. At his Return to Rome from the Faft, he rrmi'.ted at once all the Taxes due to his Prcdc- cedbr. Then he made a Journey into the Wcftern Pro- vinces, where having rellored all things, he returned to /^owc with great (ilory, and, with the like FliligeiKe, ap- plietl himfelf to Icttling the Affairs of the Ealt In the fifteenth Ye.ar of his Reign he made a Tour into Egypt, and refidecl for fome time at Alexandria, where he took a gre.it deal of Pains to examine into the (.lunidter of its Inhabi- tants, and has left us in his Letters feveral curious Re- marks ; among which we may reckon thelc two 1 1'lrft that though the Alexandrians feemeti to have amongll them many Religion?, yet, in fid, thry all of them worniipped but one IukI, wlikh w.is Gain ': The fccond, that it was the buliell Place in the World, where there w.is no Uooni for Beggars, fince they nude even blind Men get tluir own Bread. 1 le tbunil the Ci:y labouring under irany Dilli- cultics, many of their I'rivilegcs being loft by their fre- quent Seditions ; all ot which, however, he rcftorcd, re- paired liich Parts of the City as had liilllred in theC- Com- motions, rcllorcil all rhe public Fountiations of the Pto- lemies, and made It me excellent Regulations tor the Secu- rity of Commerce. In his Return through Sjrui he re- ceived the Submillion of the City of Pi'lmyra, as we fliail hcreal'ter ll'.ew more l.irgely : And it was abui.t tliis time, that Arrian unelertcok, by his L^iredion, the Examination and ndeription of the Euxiite Sea'' : Anil, indeed, his Care of the I'ul'lic was in nothing more k in.ukable, than in rdloriiig tlie Sea-l.iws, and in the F'.dids he made in iavi.ii.r of Manners '. 1':.::s .hitoninus fucceeded in the Eanpir.-, by Virtue ofliis Nomination, A. D. ijS ; and proved ;i.s vvoitiiy a Prince as ever fat upon the Tiinne: lie is generally calleel, in or- fiui. .\ifi.iiw. ^- ri.-i c,'_n:i'!,u!i' r..titi. /u'd. i'u!jr. S5. i'/i/'./'//./. 131;. /utflli.t. ' f'tc/,n: iii.lV. (. $■ ' IhiH 'cfiit de •i.ilu Aiirtiiun, i-fmfei:, Ji -vHa li' .'ftj.m (/; fbd toifiui t'^'Ut E^xini. '■ Till- '1 uJe dcr \\ 4 i li»' \ 1 y 1' i f 'li, . . 1 1 \ '1 1 i. m :?: r r'-i n ^1^1 h : I \ .■■ r! 'I'J 1\ :[ ■t' ,lr ' ii'lK Ik-' ■■■■ '■' ,1 I ■ [• '■! ' ■ '^' mki 'Jr ,,.1 1 u. ■' ■> '«1 ii 436 //;c Dirancry, ijcttlcmcnt, ^W Commerce Book I. Stmw Writcn, imlral, aftnlic the Ruin of thij pK- r.««j Oy./r, (he tirjiulltm of .lufujlus i h,t whi,|. 1 il«r to iliOinouilli Mm fi>>m the Princes "f hi\ Family, ;•(*/, lor lii>'u i.ir.i to Ills I'ralaxUbr. ami ilir Turity ol h » l.ifc, by wIiiJi tic wo ill illulhiiiu* .t< Iromhw iinpcrul UiKiiity : He WM naiutaliy a Ixivrr ol I'eacc, .iml llriCt in »hrAilnunilh.itionol JiiHice: IIi»Ljicol I r.ulc wiicqiul ^^^ to tlur (•! .my ol l>it l'rcil»ctlli)r< i lor the promoting it, he I'.xpriiiiion I h«vc- alrr^ily l^wken, pe nttratnl lirthrr ciulea all rlie I liRh nmdt throuj^hoiit the Kmpirc to be rr- uny other Himaii into .trtha \ we lli.ill f»r,|y f^f^ ^^^'*^ Ei^rcJ , aiiJ lor tliet onvinieiKy ol liuli M were engagci! in b i Millikr ; ami tlut tlii% Oyjr jivnl nimh later tl '• ' ulinrli, hr: iliieiled, that the Divrrlitin* ol the I'layhoufc to lay, withm the L'omiuJi ul the Pcriml of wlikU*"! llioiilil begin later on tliolir Days on which the Mmhanti now wiiting. '•"• 1 1) King Ma wrote • l.i.jc Work inrdatum to thei,t "' trif» : Uut if we confulir wh.u Plmi lay,, thit Cj,,,/'"'' iiiily kxjkcil into Jmhia, ami that '.filmi Caiiu, ,; '" ■ ■ "' ' ,en, we imme Ji.itrly to oui SuhjcCl i but thii we know in general, from an Oiation, th.it iiat el(:aped OriJivion, that the Com- merce of the Kamani wa> never Utt(r protectetl, ami, conliqiientiy, w.ii never moreextenfive or flourilhing, tlian while the Riini ol Government were luKI by thu rxcrlUnt Pruici*, whole tonllant Maxim it wa«, tlut the (ikjry of the Mon.irch conliftcil folrly in the ll.ippinefs ol liis Sulv Wire, m a iiiannrr, Mallcis of all .Iraha, lholl^h^hr' or how, it wa« luUlucii, is a I'oint not lb calily i^iu|,^|' nor ilo I intend to trouble my Kcadrri with a in\v\il\' quiry into U) jir ti.lcxtd a Subitft. It i> luthntrt io, „ ^ riir|K)lc, that I have ili.iral the Mattel tliui 1^, ami ha.. Ihrwn the true I'crioil w.thiii whuh tlielo Comiiicjij „!i nude I by the Miftakc of wimh, we mull be Icij ,3 jrft> i and by the I'rofecutton of ihii Maxim he fecurni many others, ia| .ible ol mifleading uj iiuiriy in rrwrif, lohimfiir the peaceable I'ofTcHion of hi» Hominions while thcllillory of the /i./.«l, aeeorilm(^ to the wlf. this Nature, icndcnd m; the more rarrful in avoid- known C'uflom of the Jraiians, wlio ivcry-wlicrc r.lVrj ingit. We have an ajiticiit Writer who has given us a tl'e old Names of I'laees that they ktotne MiIIitki. Very complete Defcnption of tlie ALr: I.nikr^um *, or It is alfo very clear, tliat, at tins I'linc, tho Romni v.i Red Sta ; whieh has Itng polf, under tiic N.ime of Jrrian, ried on a great J'radc in Countries mikh IxyonJ iht I :• Hi 1 have hinteil, more tnan oner, before ; but is I think, mits of their Knowlcdur in loriner 'riincj, that is tJijv 1 anfwcrably llicwn by the le.irned Mr. DcJuiU to have along the C(ulh of Mdlia, Poju, Curnhja, Andilvf'. U.n written by Ibmc other Author. 1 h;s Writer. sv!io- ninfulaoi Malacca ; but they were Ibll as Ur Irom bc.rj ever he is, lias Ihcwn us, tliat, within the Compafs of Time aoqiuinteel with the Spice Countries as cvir. Tlie Aithu'r tricntioned in t!ii$ Scdtion, there were very great Improve- vf the Dcrtiption of the Red Uta lioes uu'.ecJ ifc.k d iiKiits m.idc mth-; Navigation of the AV'/w« I to this Fan • -• - ... cl the World: And, therefore, I am not a little iuprifed, tlut fo learned a Man as Bithop Iluti (Tiould luggelt, that the Trade to the JuJits was funk in fome mealurc till re- s ivcd by 'riujun, and fupjwrtrd by the Meet which he la'jlttl to k- fent iiito the R(J Sea. The avowed IXfigii fcf tlut Fk-et wastocrulh the I'lratcs in thole Seas : But , _ - thclc fort of Fi-op!e never trouble any Seas where there is bili;y, thought to \x that which is now talled''/J,K not a great Trade carried on ; and, therefore, the building It was by the piodigious I'rotits arifing lioni tliiiCom- fuih a Fleet was by no means a I'roof, that the Tr*Je of mcrce, that, on the one hand, tiie Fcoj Iccf ./.Vvir... 1 tlic InJitj was at tlut time any way lefl'enal, but rathej grew lo rich, and fo mutinous, .is .ill the 1 liltona' : .: the contrary. The Seirct, and true Dcfign, ci Trajan' i theic Timts rcprefcnt tlictn 1 and ih.it, cm tiie otbr lu , equipping this Fleet was, tlut it might facilitate a Project the Kcman FmjKn; liieMinils il the Feople, by the increaling Luxury, I Ih.ill not pntcrJ to determine ; but, moll cett.un it is, that the 'I'inu-s ca not appear to have been worfe within this I'ericxl, li- rather better ; and, therefore, it Icems more agrwabti' Truth, to attribute tlut Corruption ol Maiiivrs wlik.'i * > allerwaids vifible amongft the Roniani, and had v.tyr ' ruined their Empire, to the bad Lxainp!c oi futCfct;;:.; pr.nieu.n ux fc,U \olurnr ol l)r //,i«V. L,MM,o„ of anuenHJcogr.pi;.,., u.«Je, .h. lule „( .irr.Mm r,..,!. V^r bThhCurin;-!':'^''' t,jt'.-tu »li-"'' ' r.i,.,oii J .-K « Wc luve tl... CircumlUn« f,u„, A./r,/,„ ; ,nd the Kc-Jcr. by co..luliii.g D», C«7.», will fit,d. itin ii.<: ^"'«' ' ■" I. Pum • ; chap. 11. of the li A s T I N I I': s. 4)7 III' I' I'niiuS t'>>" '»* f'"" R''^'" ^^*' "'''' ^''^' *•" 1"'"""'' '" "l"'" turn t'V (heir c-xtiMlivL' Triulc. Ol ili. li- I'niw ■ • , ,iml ..I ti, ;r It luluct, It 11 nacirjry, ihat wr Oinul I My lonirthiin;, iiiriii M irdiivf the 'Ihr .III of iiiir I lillllil)li' Miwity, it) iirJcr to tj.uii tliivSi:tiwii wiilim liut Huuiuls. " -. ,U. //tf'Vi'/KJ .iHt'niMin, liirM.inidl ih Philofofibfr, lifn'nl .himnia hut, ,7. /->. i(>i. ..n.l .iij. (i.itcil fu- ■m Dru! in tlii' ( iovcTunu-iU, wlmli w.is iIr- tiilt lime \\vcR:}MHi liail IcPii twi) l''.tn|>tr(ji-, .it oik<' ; nriilur h.i iiriJtncH. Alter Ins IXri.ir-, \f. .lurdnn j^ iwniril ^l,i;ii' with the utrntft VViUlom .iiul MoJcratimi, nij'Jirt- ! " liotliing ihittiniiiJ (oiiti-ibiire to nuint.iimii;', thr (.^icat U'Viit r litlvl r.iinnl, ami rcniiin;;, at inrc, tlu I .ovc „uililn'm lit liu .Siil>|i i't<. I Ic ni.ul- a Vilit to /,.';/'/, Ill'/' littanili Ycai of Ins Krign i ami tin ii/Ji th-: Inlia- Im;:s h.id, J 1 ttic Ixtori', (luwn an Imlinatii.n tui'Voit, v.-thUhavdl towariU tlimi very kimlly, aiulrMirw. d all i!ii r I'livili^CT' : •'^o tliat there is nut the katt Union to iW.T, I'uttlw 'FYuie of rlu Homaiis through tliatCouutry, »<• puirval in in lull I \t. nt. H:» Sun C;//iwfl./w, who (iicrreiliil him ii\ the I-'mpirc, A U, I So w.T' as witkcil aiul ciutl a i'rinte, .\, Ins 1m- th:r luiU'ccn jull aiici vntuous : IIih Kii;j;n was u eoiiti- w J .Scene ol Ulool ami Deh.iiKhtry •, anil as tli- 1 .:np;re, L'l ;'' iifral, liitl'frtil ix(i(i!in!;ly tiiuler his liamlalous ;\ii- ni'ihation, lo the I'r.ule di flu- I'all was p.irtcularly en- I r nil liy an Irruption ot the .Swrrtic/r', who were now ti ll Haai of ill Wr.'/;/.;, wli:rr they difwited the Roman .\::ri(s, in tlir la!l Yeirot t.hc Kei^n of tins I'rincc ", who uij ii;ur Icriil by foine ol his I-'avoiiritcs, that he h.ul in- t.niol ro remove in the 1 ime Way. Ih':!us Perllititx wasraif.il to thel'.miiire in ./. 1). lo^. I' iljv his Riii^n w.u vMy Ihort, I ihoul.l not ilwell iijion I a; .ill, but liir the lin^iil.ir Cireumllaiiee of his Nan"', »l<:i!ili^niiii5 {)I)lliMati , anvl was|',iv. n him tor .i R^Mion ! ; t!u' Kcjittr may, peth.ii'S, tlntik w'nrt!i his Non Ihoiilvl Uv.ir.tfrdthe World in anoth'.r Chir.u-ter, ih.m rlut of iTnlvri to whicli, howcvrr, he w.is To ihongi/ in- I ; •.', tlucili his lather'.^ I'litiurion, t..i lome time, h.i.l nKcrt: Atul !rom theme he w.is e.i'.led l\-ri:ii.i\' ". I |e a'; iTil hi< L'.nJu.'lalf.Twar.K, and role ngul.irly, throii",li akm;; .Scries ot Civil and Military l-'inployinents, to the I'.irpr^.' : With Ins Preferment to whiJi, all Dej'/tes of Hiil'lj were [iL-afed, exctjit the .Sol li.-rs, who, after a R!,,'ol ihriTiMon'li'^, niurd-.-rcd him '. .\::n iih Diath tollowed mmy DilUiibinces ; butatl.itl • I /'. i';j. .'>'r:v.-,v( was r.iif (l to the I'mpire, in whieli, l".*ivir, hi- lia.l Nr^^er, who was deilirtd I'.mp.ror 1 1 in.' btl, f(ir his L'om|H-citor. in the btlh Year of h. '{■!i;a, lieentnal .Ini/'ui with an Army, and laid Sie}^ m ^■''■J, the fame Plite that h.ul been toinu-riy ait.;i..t.l by .'.';. I, out o: ,1 covitous Dilj'olition, and th.ii h.' mij.i,ht ijuk'' himflt Milbr ot the v.ill We.iltl-, th.it he laider- i-'*lwas iiuhe I'l.iee ; but he w.is rvj'iill'.\l wnh ['.reat I "S .ini! li.nrd to retire. I lis Pallion tor Moruy, how- '* ', was lo [hw.g, that he rctiiriud thither a reoiul '111-'; and h.id eertainly taken the I'laee, if his C"ovet(nil'- "rls \ui not hindered him : i or the ihx .u h bein>; made. In; « a;:;)rclie:iiive, th.it his .Sojilicrs, if they took it by .Storm, «.iy», railiil the /trahians, fiticea fnull rrirrl| ilif/.iiiKmRlt th. m, w.i< »,ip,ibl( tit' deteiidiiij; itt I ,l ot' l-g\fi i and admitted one Ctr.muj, uii i/tx,inl)i 'd his Murder, r .I'lo, fii. . ee.'ed hini ; Hut we iiiul n. ■ .i ' in his Kei^^n, nm tli.ic of his Sueeell'or, thj txe.i-.il);. /.V.'/jf.;//.;/.,- , wniiliy ut" Notice. . llLSi!>i.!..-■< C'.'/'a/, Hi. h.xv.i. lie ..',..■«, 5 I «1 w fli I, ill '^ i ■! ^V' f' •^i .i:i I >i\ i;, 43S The Dilcovcry, Settlement, jW Commerce Book I. 1 ! :;:■' ?'' fj; • I'i '! ■; ■'■ n Ti\ ti) UippolV, that, in tlic Miilll of tliefc ConfufionJ, the vvliolf DiiuiK.my oX the Fiiii-ta lulVtral ; ami, iiulfcii, luiural iiuvav'l'.irt, by the Ambition otthiir Governors, who all mugiiial. tliat, by coiiitini; the IVopIc under tluii .Siib;i:tu)n, thfy might be ablo to rail't: thcmUlvts to SoviKi^nty. riif Army, iliUiaimnt; the Youth ot Gordian, luiilil iLanf Ik- iHituiilcd to follow him to the Perfui War ; anil tho* he was there rutid^liil againll the I'neniy, yet lie touml it impollible to triumjih over the Malice o\ his own riu)ps, who, taking the Opportunity, when he li.ui tew ol his Kriemls alxjut him, aiul being headed by rii!:p, who W.1S the Captain ot' his CJuard, murdered him, when he had held the I'.mpirc about lix Years '. .\/. 'Jii'.ius l-l-i!ippui, who had thus betr.iyeil hit Trurt, and iiuirdered his I'rince, was, bythcAimy, raifedtothc hmpire. \ !c wa^ an /irnhian by Hirth, and attended, lb (.u .is ih', l):lli!ibaiKes of his Kcijni would give him Leave, to t!iv Co:Ktrn'. ot tiic Goveriinvi.t with yreat Diligence ; lut a Stdit;oii riling in his Army, and he lending De.itis to quiet it, tile Soldiers threw .in imiKrial Mantle over his Shouldirs, ai,d, devlanng tor him againll Phihp, a Battle was lixm afttr l(.uj^lit between thim, m whieli the latter was llain, a'cra (liort Keign ot" lour Years. This Df <:<(/;, who wa^ .1.". //.vwfuv. '..-'.• by Btrth, governed the l-'mpire with Kepi '.i!;t)n liir t\w> Yeats and an lull, and w.is then Hain III a Ba:t!c ;ig,u; ll the Galls, by the I'reaehery ot Flbtus (.'<:/..•/;, w!'.()liieecLded him m tlie I'.mpire, and aii'oeiated his .S(.n I'dufhin ; but they tcarce held it long cnougii to be ac- counttil t.mjxtors : tor tiic Scythians, and other barbarous Nations, inva ing the Roman 'I'erritorie.s (,n all .Sides, who- ever lu.; Cuuiage and Fortune enough to refill thel'e Bar- barians, was 1 reTentiy Jaluied Fnipeior by his Soliliets : And thus thi Mifery ot the L'.mpire was Imrealedby what ought to h.ive bi-en her Defence, the having many brave Men, ai..i gotKl Otliecrs, in her Service ''. It was m tills manner that .■F.inilianus, an .ifman, was r.iif.d to thi- I'lirj le, which lie held but a few Months ; lor another .\rniy having m(Klamtd I aUnan, who was a Man «it Quality M\A grear .\D;l:ties thi- Army that hail chokn .r.miiuin, tiiougiit proper to dilpatih him out ot the way, rather than involve thtmf.lves in any Danger alxmt a ilil'- puted I'liie. ri;e I-mperor / to a lu\viiii>us and iiuiolt lU Life, without taking the leall Care to Irct his Latlitr out ot the Hands of the Pcr- Jiam, or to j revuit his Dominions lioin being over-run by the i.umeroi.s .Annies of Barlarian% tli.it attacked them on either Suie. Wl.ile -Aifairs wire in this I'ollute, almoll « vjry gre.u IVovmce gave the Title of Lmperor to who- ever lommanded in it 1 an 1 Ifspi, among the nil, where the Country wa-, ruinal, and t!u City ot AU\andnii delo- lal;,„, Sui. //,;,'. lii. V. (. 1- was intirely dcftroyed, antl rendered del'eit-, f,, ,1^ fucceeding '1 imes the Rums of it were at Ibmc Diij, '" from the Ciiy, whiih, we may heneecuniKidc, bepanib!!t this Time to decline 1 and no W onder that it ilnl f, the whole Roman Lmpire was now vihbly linking un'i- r own Weight, and crumbling into as many I'arts ai'iLr- were Provinces '. ' ' The/^«»ij ,, whi^h he dellroycd three hundred thoulaiul of thnii, a^^a Ibnk two thouland of their Ships or Barks, lorwlu'u s .Senate ilecreed him a golden .Shield, and i/iderttllm Su- tue to be lit up in tl*e Capitol. The Roiium begin r,o« to conceive Hopes ot teeing bett.-r D.iysi and imltvd ilu!: is no Inllance of any I'lince, w!io, ilum.g io tlioit a Kn. -,| made liimkll lb much beloveil, lince he died, at thcti;!- of his I'econd Year, at S\imium ''. He recommended, on liii Death-bed, y,i!erius Aunli- anus, whom he had lent into '/Vv.«c ag.ur.ll th" Gi/ij •, but the Army, inllead of pioclainung hini Em[)cri)r, fc up !^iinli!!us, the Brother ot Claudius, in a fit o:Zalfu that Monarch's Memory -, but, tindiiig their new Kiipcrc: a Man ot ti'o fcvere Morals tor thofe licentious timcb, ;;,;y murdered him in a Fortnight, and proclaimed thtPcM, whom Claudius recommended. This Jurelsan, who «.s railed to the Lmpire in 270. was a Perlbn of great m\.v tary Capacity, a Lover of rtria Difcipline, arnli mcvr; rili)e(ft, proper to reftore the dillracted Affairs e; ir.e Fnipiie, and to retrieve the antient (iloiy of the Alaui State. Hi loon freed the WellernProwiiees fiuni the.b prelnnflbns they were under, Irom their barluruiis Ncu> [jours 1 and, having hkewile fettled the donulliiOcuiM.".-.! ol the l-.mpire, to the Satist.iilion ol the Senate, hilxp to turn his F'.yes towards the I'.all, white a iiewl'uw;rwu erected, and had alUimed the imperial Title: But i>i:; Rile and I'rognlsot this I'ower, h.is a veiy c'lole In. ■ e'tion With our Subjrct, it is r.nefTary, that we fluul: .■ amine ii more at large ; which will eii.ible us to take r.:.,; ot many Partiiulars, tiat muftotheiwiL- have been U:.:: in Oblairiiy '. 5. While the Romiiii lmpire vvai. thus torn by intcft.-: Confurions, and while m.itiy Woie tiie Title ol Lmpc.on, with Power enough to oppnls, and too hid: to put;.: their .Subjctls, a new I'miiipality ll.'.rtrd up, er rather::- covered if Power to the World j ot whiili, ai 1 i.j : already rved, lam nrcelVaiily obliged to fp; A r.c« at large, . caufe it owed that Grandeur, «iiichii iXjlili'rJ in Io high a Degree, intircly to the Commerce ot ih? iv dies ; io that it may ferve us for an Inllance, thatthr.-:! no Situation lb wild, as not to b;- improved and rcni;::c.: |;lcaliint i no Country lb barren, as not to admit u! C-::- vation ; no Spot of Ciround Io unhappily place.', i> - - to Ixeome theSrat of Plealure, if, by any -Art ur lo- tiivance, any Commerce ot Importame laji !)« ■•^•- there. TiiePLice, of which I am to fpeak, w.isorlsinaliy '-" by King b'olomon, alter lu- had conquired the K::igi':"-'' niaib Zoba, a little Saturn Prince, w.tl;i:i whole l)un:;:;(jr.' the Country lay, uj)on which tins City was alnrv^.;:-" ere-iled. It w.is cdUd by Solomcn \ fiiMur ; aai lro:ii'.:i Situation 111 the midll of a fandy Deleit, wiiich lurPJ.xi'- it on all Si.ies, Tadmar in the Uildernc^). liu:, ■"» = Sin^'^ularity ot its Situation was lu'Iicient 11 il">nn vi-- evir attentively lonlidered it, to in the Decline u!W Greek I'.mpiiv 111 the i:all, 11 became a trie City, or ri'^^^ the Iliad ol a hiiall Pr,;Kipality, w^^'-^-: ^^'^ '^^^,'[ Piilmsra, Irom whence th.- Countrv under 1:^ J'''''"'"''' was call.d Pahnyrcne \ This City and Country Jr: v;:) Will delenlK-d by I'ltiiy. ,, Palmyra, fays he, is e.>ccJlently fnuated, .is wci i.i ■■■ III ni Zaji-n III I. r.ulrtf. lit. IX Avii \ithr. ' ■■'"* ili'i.hr. ' Eu.'lllM.. Ill Vii. Ci:ri.l /.I I / iyr I t'jiliiii,lil.ya Oj^Ih., i'ii\u. Emir^j ni. >*• < Q.,^. ■■•■ .■.'».|.i" '* Chap H. of the East I n d i k s. 43P of kiwiii • i "i^ ""■"■ -"'"^ "•/ ">.i"i.v,ii iiii.i.nv>iiii5iiLjr 111.1 yi.iy Miiuiy, aiiu Willi mucn ti^itetrn. U iMiipircs ot Riii'C ami Partbta, when the Difputes be- to Alcw^, ilie was led tnrough tlic City, as a ra,,n thtni wtri- at tlir iiigliill, having the Parihitins on Victory j anti the A'(7?m« Writers aerce. thai '*"' . , 1 ,, 'I- ;. .i,_ \»;_a f.. .i. .. .■ .. - ,- „ . •? ' ... „iiJ to tlu' I'lcalaiitnel-. of the ailjacent Country, as from attempted to make her Efcape: But, Aurelimt bciiiT in- \ iric.it Aliiimlaiue of Water. And t!us little Territory torined ot it, caufed her to be purfucd ; and flie was over- ■^,i„s to Ix; let apart I y Nature lor a peacetui and undif- .taken on the very Banks of the Euphrates '. Junliaii wa« turlvil U.taat, beinfj lurrounded on every Side with liry lar from treating her with Severity : He re'"n-vcd hcrin- a„d lumly Uclaits wiiitli reaeh as tar as the very Confines deed for his 'I'riiimph ; but, in other rcfpefts, he treated of .hit'id'- 'I"!"'* '''',''■■ ,^'^'*; '^y IJrtwecn the two mighty her very kindly, and with much Efteem. On his Kenirn Proof of hiS - - o --, that there never the I alt, and the Koman lerritory on the Weft •, fo that was leen a more magnificent SpcCtatle. She was, in her ii iv.-.nal to be perpetually in Dangcrj and yet, though Ptrfon, of the largell Size, but exquifuely beautiful. I cxccuhiigly rieli, it was 16 wifely governed, as to efcape mention the Circunillance of htr Stature, bccaufe we are anv !;>•'•'' ^-^^^ during all thole Confufions -, and never j)artieularly told, that the Jewels (lie wore upon this Oc- n^ "ny S"*' ^ la/.aril except from Mark Jntoty, who, ealion, were fo many, anil lb large, that they were a great Ix ;.i; i!illri"'*:J tor Money to pay his Army, lint a Burden to her, and tired her to llich a Degree, that, though B.J.v of 1 lurlc to plunder it ; but the Inhabitants, h.iving a lliuiig Woman, and much uled to Hxercife, flie \vaS Ni::,;of liis Intention, removed their KtVeds, and fo forced to halt leveral times in her PafTage '. After this ... ntid that Delblation with which they were threatened', fitiguing Ceremony was over, flic had a Country-houfei Th. >uurfc of Its great Wealth was the Share it had in the given her near the Tiiier, where fhe lived many Years, ConinuTCc of the hdies. This Commerce was thus car- with her Family, in great Honour, and in perfeft Tran- rieJ on : Tlie Goods were brought by Sea to the Mouth quillity. She was indeed, in all refpeds, the moft accom- ot t!ic Euphralcs, anil, perhaps, a little higher ; and thence ))lillied Lady ot her Time, and equally remarkable for her thiy wire feiit by Land in Caravans for Ibme hundred uiiblemilhcd Chaflity, her extenfive Learning, her maf- \liKs through the Deferts to Palmyra, which flood one culinc Courage, and tier deep Policy. Dav's Journey from the Euphrates, one hundred and If the Inhabitants of Palmyra could have forgot tlie tw.iityleven Miles from Damafius, and alxjut two hun- Figure they made under her keign, or could, froiu her i.rtd and three Miles from the maritime Coall of Syria, by Example, have learned to bear a Change of Fortune with till I'ortsof which it dil'pcrfed thefe Goods to all the dif- Uilcretion, they might have efcaped without fufferingmuch fcTint Parts of the Roman Empire, that did not imme- by this unlucky Accident ; but believing, after JureliaH i:..t>!yiorrir[ionil with the Port of jilexantiria. was returned into £«r»/)f, that there was no Danger of his r' Whtn Tr.ijiin overturned the Parthian Empire, the rriiicipality o( Pa.'inyra declared tor the Romans ; and ,.'. y. I jo. they liibmitted themfelves to Adrian, who v.ivthin inarching with his Army from Syria into Egypt; mIh) was fo well pleated with die Situation of the Place, ar.l the Behaviour ot the People, that he granted them the coming back, they cut the Throats of the SoldiiMs he liad left in Garifoii ; which iiicenfed him to fuch a degree, that he took a Hidden, and yet inflexible Relblurion, of march- ing in Perlbn to chaflife them •, which he accordingly did ; and having, with little Oppolition, made himfelf Mafler of the Place, he caufed the Inhabitants to be deflroyed l':;v:!fgcs of a Colony, and adorned the City with fo many without Mercy, and gave the City to be pillaged by his kaiitiKil Structures, that the Inh.ibitants, in Compliment Soldiers ; which produced fb dreadful a Defolation, that to tl'.tir Btnetador, called their City for tome time Adri- even the Emperor himfelf, who was far enoi gh from being mfc '. From the Time of Adrian, to that ot Aurelian, of a gentle Dil'pofition, was touched therewith, and gave wluh compreliended the Space of 140 Years, this City, Orders, tlut the few who had efcaped, fhoukl be fpared j .n.i the iVrritory under its Jurifdiftion, fb tlourifhed and and he likewife gave Inrtruftions for rtftoring the Plunder, in.Ti.'.lli!, that when the Emperor Valerian was taken Pri- taken by his SoUliers out of the Temple of the Sun'. 'Ihis dreadful Deflrudion of Pd/«{)r(i, which happened j-I.D. iji, put an End to this Principality •, but it is not probable, that the City was then ruined to the Degree which 'i'r.avellers fee it now, becaufe we often find it men- tioned in Hiftory as a confiderable City after this, tiioiigil not as the Seat of Ciovernment, as it had been in Times p.itl, when there were no lefs than fixteen Cities in its Neighbourhood under its Jurildittion, the Ruins of which are yet vilible, and very plainly Ihew how great the Power and Magnificence of thote i'rinccs muff have been, by whom they were ereded : And, as tor the Ruins of Pat- lo:u ljy Sjpoics, King of Pcrfia, Odenatbtis, who then governed Piiimyra, was able to bring a jx)werful Army aij tlie lielil, to recover Alejopotamia from the Per- /■«;, and even to penetrate as tar as their capital City Cufiikm ; which was lb acceptable a Service to the Roman hiilirc, then govt rned by Callieniis, a lazy and inartive I'rince, tlut, with the Conlint of the Senate, he took QiiUdtkus into I'artnerlhip with him, and gave him the litlc of .hij^iijlus ' 1 which Incident, by a ttrange Turn of -VTairs, proved tlie Caufe of the utter Ruin and Subverfion d the I'laie. fur OJeiitillti!, and his Son Ilerodes, being foon after niyra itfelf, they are allowed by all who have vifited them. n-uriiiTiii by Mconius their Kinfinan, his Wife Zenohia, in Kight of her Son IFabalathus, then a Minor, afTumed t.'.i- liovcrnnieiit of the Iv.ifl ; which ITie managed with fb n;;i-li I'nuknu- and Diliretion, that, after the Death of Q^l'.icnus, the m.ide litifMt Millrelii o^ Ey^ypt, and held it I'-'Jing the ihort Reign of the Emperor Ciaudius. On the Aaelhonot v/;/rc/;<;« to the Im[icrial Dignity, he f'ty the Title of ,/«jj«/?«j to this I-'amily, though he |>i ;nL;ly hiuiuiired tliem with that of Viceroy, as appears 'v Ilia Coin ' i neither did he lliew any Inclination to de- 1 vrthan of the (n)vernment of the l''.all : But the high- ''[ -:id '/.enohu: would be contented with nothing lefs tliaii i'k I'lrtition of the Empire ; and Aurelian coukl not bear ilif I hmii'Jiis of Ihanng the Sovereignty with a Woman : ^^inhprothiriil the War between them ; in which fhe u/ai,:al two Haitli s, anil was defeated in both, and after- *arv:s Unit li.rlilt up in the City of Pabnyra, where, for ;* '"";'. t'liH . Ihe nude an obQinate Defence •, but, finding ■^''Mij I'uriiole, and that looner or Liter the City would ^ takin, 11k quitted it pnv.itely, and, with her Son, to Ix; equal, if not fiiperior, to any thing of the fame kind yet remaining in the World '. As for the Courle ot that Part of the liidiM Tratlick which palTcd tliis Way, it has, after tome N'ariation, been in a great mealure fixt to Aleppo, particularly that Part of it which is the Conf*- qiience of an Intereoiirfe with tUe Per/ians, fbme Provinces cif that Empire being, within this Period, always reg.:rded as Part of the Indies. But it is now Time to quit the Story of this City's Ruin, in order to purfue the Thread of our Narration, which le.ids us to anotiicr Infurreu'lion againfl the Emperor /Uirelian, which was laid to take Kilo from the fame Caufe ; I mean, too great Wealth amafilil together by the Commerce ot the Indues. We have already oblerved, that Zenshia had added to her Dominions Egypt, as well as tome other Countries. On the Kuift of her Affairs, there was a Ril/ia, and otlur Parts of tlu Eall •, and became thereby fb ricli, that he h.ul Money enough iIkIc Ullrr., \'X'. U. ^ ^I'plan. iti nrll Civil iH.y. Pijn Cajjiuijih. ^o. ' FUv. t'^fift. in fit. .iurfli.vi. 7.i/;-n. Zjiar. ^ P.Ui) • Somr ^'ifcc^ of tthicli arc ext.iiit, wjtii the Held iS ■■'■uiiluin on one !>ulc, aiul th.il u( It'^tki/ud-ui nii tlie otlicT , mu i 1 .M. OR. w.'ncli lather ^/ /// hi^irrt. iifitv. ...v., - t 'li-'f in iiivirji. thrill. *.,.('/!. lie. "•■- m.J an .\ccount of the antieiit Siaa* oi this Ciiy, in the Mi/.tlUntu Cui " '/■■fiini. lib. I. /'..///;. in t'li. AurtliJ'i- btc u Unfmi'tiou ef ihclis la/.l, to 111 ' ill 1 • 1 . it ■,.-■.' Iff ' ':'■ H • I, Kit- 1 1 ill Iv Eiftii r-- vi . ,| ,:X ll ' i I, ,iM 440 7/'^' Dilcovcry, ijcttkmcnt, z?;/^/ Commerce Booki to ni.iiiiniii .11) Aiiiiv, wliicli In.- uiuUrtiiok ti. r.iili' mu i'itiii. tiiil' till- Ciiilc of '/.encbia \ liit, m t.ii^t, (k'ncc in this Man's Viitur ; but wh - '"nrMtwajlii.Cc 111 It W.ls nin'iriivii with .1 N'i.'w 10 !uve kvural ta l»imklf tin- Soviingnty ot Ik- m.irch-al :v',aiMil I.iin with an Army , an-l, afor • : /•mW, wlii'te lie I.kiikI the i'coi-k infliiu-il nioiiKh to haul-toiii^'it Huttlis. Iv.dcjrai hiin in a (.■.illlc ; whi,', «'„ iiiuriny. aiul was Ivon in a Con.lition to n-iula lumUll takai liy Storti;, ami .vV,/«rw«w killa), in fnitc of alltlv. l.iiniiclal.lr i ih • rather, bccaulV the lirlt Step h<- took Care the hmpcior took to lave him ^ •A.i. to lay r,;i lanbargj upon the Meet that was l-.uiind '1 his Revolt (liil not lumler /Vc/w from lahoiirip'r, Uam .■!us.i>:.i, „t Ko Rome. Hut this, inlleail of eontribiitin;', nftore the Atl.iirs ol /mjv/./ to tli ir (..r-n-r floui'l"' is Ik- vainly la a;iiiul it would, to his Safety, diew upon CoiKlitiom in ordir to which, \k eatilal all the Moutio,' him iniir,id;atfR'iini for ./«r^/,j«, knownu', well the Con- the A//<- to l«e clcanlod and rcpaireil, ami iiil.r-j.i, nqiKiK:-. tiut this mull produce at Rome, iiurclud w:tli I'orts ot that iWincc : llcJurthrr dLcUrai his 1(; u',. all imagu.alile Diliyenec to l^ip: \ -m^, havint^ eafily made tion to take the lame Care, ai-.d employ t!ic- Unu p,;,;, \^ liinilllt Mali r ol /.itxMuhm,' \\c blocked up iirmius in a all t!ie other I'roymres "t^ iliv Finpnc. 1 i,is p,;c!o;: Calvlc, and ti>(,n after to«ik him I'lifoner, and laiiled him '^■' 10 bt 1 ut t.j Dc.\th, wi:h horrid lornienis '. 1 Iv hkewiie f.ttlcd the Trade of that Country on a new I-'oot, by the K^t^ulacions which he made, and which l>i1pol;tion, this Ht firt of tllablilhir;^ iinivcrCil IVa this I lope f)f lindir.i; it ]v)(riblc to i^ovcr ' i'lincipics ot 1 hirranity, iivfpned him wit Heart, and Ircedi/in ot Sjvrch, wiiicli (' l"o, to any future Cukk), hr-w ^rcat liicvrr : Amii'-.n- lore, who-ver proivnis to act lor thelJenefit of all, v,;':!j fuie to provoke the iXfphafure of many, :tml iwa!,;' : ■ Atfedicns ot V(ry lew. '1 hi', w.is tl.e Caff of /V ' tor lih j^n.it and cor>d I'rojifls Ixi ir.tc rrtijmd ,-,--„ - .'iT\vii|H)n hiT. ,1 li-em to have been very advantageous to the Romans, fuddcn and violent Death.- l-or tin,' it nav be a ur, ^ whatever Mirdiliips they mii-ht brinpuiHHi \hi: Ej-yptians. Ilranpe, and Icimingly abfurd M.ixim, yet Rcil'm ^1 I'hefe lV^.alltion^, however,\ouki not have afl'.cted the I'xiK-ncnte will (hew it a true oi^e, tli.,r niurc Care .-j lahabit.intb of this Country to ileeply, or the .Severities Ait (ji.ght to be employed 111 lovtring and c.itird:r:ir,j cxtrc;li.d by Juifitan have depreHeil them to t'uch a de- Del'ign?, than bad oiu-r , and ih.tr, fur tiiis ibmcl; , {;rcc, as 1 liilory mentions, it tiny hail remained at I'eace fhe Maioiiry of the Worl i are bad, or, .it'i.all. v,,-.' amonii tlicnifvlves, and had Wrn content to enjoy quierly, NIcn, who prefer t.'uir jielep't Inferell, f,| w|ut \\k\ ;!;;.^ wliat w.is left them alter their Mistortunrs : But this they loukl i:ot do , lor their mutinous a.d relUcfs Temp/rthrtW tlij I'lhabitanr^ ot .-/.V.v.i;;,j'r.vh.U h.!d been rail.d t>v the liuiuthy ainl public Spirit of would come a Time wlun SoKlieis woull be liu ! n- their Anccllors ;. and thus tlie I )el"olation of this great and HKejJary, whiih, with the hard Labour he put riri liJiCity was mcieaf.d, aiul in a manner linilhed, by the upon, in draining the \\ aters atxnit Svminm, imt.r(.i;ri M.idr.cfs of h-.r Citi/.ens ''. Soon alter, tliis ./«;-. .V.jw va. ir.urderetl by tij.-ne ot the piincijial O.l'iccrs o: his Army -, an.l the Senate and S'd- iJiers were, for I'ome time, m .Suljxnfe, Ixrtoic they pro- ceeded to an I'leciion, which, at latl, fill u|Xin Taiitus, w!io was at the Heal ol tiie Senate, aiul 1. vcnty live Veari • •I Age: I'or which Rialon, he laboi;nii, with the utniotl l)i'.i;^ix.ce, to h.iVy,- avoitied, hail it Ix-en jx)liib!e, thi- .'\cccp- J'a"i, on every Su'.e, to be in Motion, as lirja as tir D jm t'.tio.i of this Ui;yiity i bur, finding that his l-auieavours ol /Vi;/i«j was known. And hi) Succctlbr, aiiv.inu."..;u,;i were vain, an 1 K.n:jwing that it was liunetimts as dan- the Army as tar as the River 7/jr;r, was thtre fmr.de ii f^trou.s to retule the i'uiplc as to accept u, he yielded, at in his Tent, in the midll ot a Storm of Thunetr i ;, V\'ar with the r the midlt of the I'rcp.irations hir ir, tli,:t he hoiKil ihf,; 1-orccs to lucli a Deiiree, ihat th'-y tirlt mutinied, c^J then murdcriil liim ', when he hid reigned li.x Ye.ii< t± ur.iveilal Applaule, :a)d had rtll-jieil the Alfjirs ci' t:. l-'.mpiic miiaiuloiifiy. Atier his Death, the Army, /I. D. i9.z d.clara! Cra; Imp'Tor, who entered on a Scene of Troiibl.- ; andcr.- tei(d only to ;^o oii" again : Fur tiie b.iibjrous Natio.ns be- lalf, to the Intrcaties of the Senate, an 1 U'came, as it Were, I'.mperor by lone. 0. The Re:g!i ul TdcitUi b;-gan and ended i'l the Ve.ir 2:6. lor, having lent a Rilition ol his to govern ^'w•/i;, ivluic hiinfeit was in the Neighbourhood ol that Frjvincc, and this Man having dilthargid his Duty but ot .ipir, who was Captain ol his Ciuard, Lightning, m the lecoiui Ye.ir ol his Rri;;n. Ilch.:.;,. loii.ited his illicit Son ('.annuf in tlr.- Linpirc, and is youi.gcr Son Niiir.iruinus, who was with limi, ardv.) was ;.ckrowledgrd bv the .Arniy, .jid coiuiniifd t.'if \V^- tome tune a'tir Ins I-aih: I'h Death, till In the Tnaeir.' who hu; f. indilVercntly, tl:e i'eo]>le tirll muuiered him \ and then, tearing they might Ik- punilhed tor this Avror alio '. He w.:s fucceeieii l>y Rroi'us, who was a inott exc'-Hent Vnna : 1 or he firrt k-it!ed I'eace at home, and then vil.ie.l the I'rovinccs, v 'ere he, likcwife, gained great Honour, and fee tired the 1 nipirc (rom ull .Apprc to luiceed him, he wis miirdeied in his Lent : L'pn »m t!ie Army (hole- /),-f.i /,/;;;/ Lnipcror, who revipyd th Death of' his i'rcdeccnbr, by killing ..^.r with li.w/.u 1 lands '. OtOil/un was niled to the l-'mpire ,/ D. ;''4. 'i^'~'-' foon as iie tound himhlf cltaiiliihed, entered into a V>.r Willi (utrinus, in whidi the latttr was llain. In i'^i:.D.i- hcnfions 01 D.ihirbance Irom any j allcKi.ited M,is.iminiiiH in the I'.nipTc, tlut t.*"y might be tne more able to .ict ag.iinlf all thu- l'n.m;esott''' kanam -, and the IVoubles Ibll imrealing, tlir two I:- perors named Lvnjhntius Chlorui, an i M.t\i,uxiM Ui- Irriui, Cjrfjrs. At t'ns lime one ./(W/./u lud C"..: hj\pi to revolt, and alliimed there the Inipt ri.il Onum :' that lud hither:' » interrupted its Qiuet. 1 lis Reign, how- Ali-xanJna -, vih\th killed .iibilUus, and, as lome Writes lay, lul . ' * t ity he had Icaiee cntind, when the People, out ot that Soldiers to pillage the City t4 .lUxjK.iruT. HuttlKi. . Spirit ol lieklinels ol Flattery, and t.l lolly, t<,r which who inhal itcd the Country bttwten /•»_>/•/ .in. I 1:>.X', they were lam)us, faluted him .liigujlui. He ;i£ ted right, weic now Ucome (o jowrrtui, and the AlVjir':e'l 'in^'*- ai lirll, by c|uitting the i'lace inltantiy, and returning to tHuns m that I'rovincc were it) liii h Ce-nli^li'vi, th.it /J.' ■ '■ r.tUjlinc ; but, tearing atierwards, that lie lliould Ix- |)u- /;<;«. ouid find 11.. Utter 1 yjKileit tor lidinng the 1'-^^ milled lor what the I'eople had done, he changed his Con- aiul S.itety ol the Fio> u . e, than >i Idin;.', i',' a "fp; '' •" i.iiCi, and albamed the I'urpk. Rnbui, at Uill, would of Country to ihut Nati' n, with w', I'li h- fomai..:- •= • Ztfim. lih. i. ftf,.. tit i i'eoar f. J^O. in I'll. Ju'tliati. « '/»Jim lib. •■ .Immia^ Maitill /.l-.xxn y.irar. f .•41. yyfijt ,u f'l: Pf.^ r,:!. .4..i'.l'.. .'■> / of the ,v„ f.iii'^ 1 aivl It IS n itaral to fuppofc, that with them, had thole rinu-s, .ukI [Mrticularly thr Love the y had t„ ISuildin- I'.nUi contimiai m this State, th;; Commcitc ot Egypt m .iimniKr whidi eniployal ir.any more H uk s tV'n mv w.)i;.l hivj Ibiik likc-wile. But in lucceediiig Times, when that has ken prartife.l in lat< r A('^ s. An>! to b.-'o -'ivinc'ed ,!,, rroa'jlcs oi' the Ein;)ire Were appealed, and tlie t.mpe- that antiem W rittrs have not dec.-.v.d us in wh'.t r'n /'have ror &»/?<»■»//«-, lurnaiiied the (.reat, mounted the i'hionc, delivered upon this Su'^jeft, we need only confult whit Tiiiiig'* l)S!;m to chan.^e th.ir I- ace, and new Mealures were mod. rn Travellers liave wruren, of ti.c K uiiii th it irn Hill ti'..-!i !or rclloriiig and leLtling the AHairs ot Egypt, as will rf maiiiin- in that Couiuiy -, whi. h not only come im to, I ,ir t,, Ihcwu in Its proper I 1 i.:e. At prefent, tins I'art ..f our even very lar exceed, all the .Account', we have in iJo.As • I'lan I'; txaiitcd, and the llillory ot this Commerce con- So iliat the W.altli and Splendor (jf cl.is Couiuiy mult ncdid with that ol the I'rinces b/ wi.om ir .v.-/; cll.ibJinied, have heen very alloniiliin;;, in if. tlounlhinr' Condition, aiid under whom it flourilhed. fi„co the very Remains ot Rman Ma^lli!ic(n.e in l?yPU 7. Ml the I'roof we h.ive of t!ie ii(;uri(Tiin;; State are capaWe of ^l;rprllin^ juch as bchol,i\hein > ami ai «b- of t!;e W''"' Commerce, in the Litter I'art ot th;.s I'eiiod, tlrved to Itrike tliofe n,o!l, who are l)eit acniainted with IK (iwwii Irom th: Clrcuinllai'.as ot I liintj,s rdated in 1 li- the Nature an 1 Value of lueh 'Ihin-vs '. ftijry i whiih, h'lwevcr, lulneieiitly demonllr-'e it m g. ne- rjl tlio' they do not enablj us to entir into Paitiail.irs. The grtat Attention Hiewn by mmy ot the 1' nijierors, in •iltutlie I'rovinces ot the I'^ul, and the \'iCtorks ob ' -.1 taiiKilovcr t!ie Pojlins, and ux\v-r Nations, kept up liich an higli Idea ot the Roiiuin Power in all tiiat I'ai: of the Wuild, ihitwe hear ol Indian iMnball'aiiors f.nt to alnudl tvirv IJuperor, from /Hixandtr Sevcriis iv Die, ifi.m : And tlijifurc we have the gieatell Ke.ifon tliat can l,e to Ik- liovi', that thar Commerce was, at thi.s time, earned on witii all the Vigour and Succcis in;a!.;inai)le. Ai.odier I'rojf of thi;, is the .Accounts we have of the prulule kiii^ns ot CaracaUii, llelicgabalits, and Qinnus : Frum wliicii wc learn, that there were pio.ii^ii/us (^u.iii- f„i.s of ly.dian Cori.moditit-s at Ri.inc \ am! it i^ partxuiar- Iv t.ii;(.n notice ot, that Htliog^iibtuus " lirll v/ore a Kobe in- i;:dy nude ot SilL, at that lime one of tlie dt.areit and lUraft U.'inuwditics tluy recuvcd liom the I'.alt. B'jt tiie rtiongelt and clearelt Proof we derive from the Ljws n ade in this i'crioi;, in lavoiir of Trade in general, anUlur kttliij^ the partituLir Duties on the (joods imported try:ii the Indus, by the Way ot At'j/)/ .' For tliele p.ainly Oi.w, tlut this ComnKrcc w.is ihav more cxiadive than iVii. VVe may add 10 this ti'ie fiveral Seuitions .md Ke- kiii'iiswhuh liajipened in l\i,ypt, an^i whidi were tne pure fiiias el the vail Wialth o! tiie lrdiabit.ir.t-. id that Loun- i;y, dirived to them Irom tiie I'loi^refi they made in their ijwnMii,iit.iCturcs, and the Means th.it within this Period Lh-.y luiiiid out, ot vending tli.ir Paper, Gl.il.";, l.incn, ::.d oilier Goods throughout the Kail ; by wdnch priv.itc Mm acquired luch immenle lorti.nes, as eiuhled them ten to iiuir.tain Armies .it their own I'.xpence j which was the lall of j\/M,///j, whole Riches induced him to aMm[)t making himlcll M.ifter of the Province, and of trom ai huiuiit Men hant, an ExypH'in Mo- their TratTick h.id .ii I'liefe are all certain .iiid indiii liable ."-igns of in^mcnfe Rithes : .\iid iho' rlicfe might tail into tt.c Hands ol 1 arti- cul.ir Pirf.n-, even in Couiitriis th.it were not, gem rdly 'P'-a.%ir{.'„ more opulent than their Neighbours ; yet we arc lure tfiseould n.jt b.- the f'ale in J:pft, fnce it wa.s not yl'cxandria akin.; but all ti'.c Citiis of the Province that wereenrahed with fueh Ornaments: So that their Wealth fecms to have leen very e>)iial!y Ipread ; or ratlur, there was liich an Abundance of it, that ii'.r a Corner of the King'.f m remain iinimprovul. The City of Ji-Jiwf, the Ruins ot which are yet to be fecn, as it Hood near the /Ira- bian Giilph, and at the .Mouth of the Canal that h id been cut from the Nile to the Sea, was crouded with line V\orks, coldly OjcLlks, and Pillaii, c.t incredi'.de Si/e ; v.hich nuift luve been biiAight tiiither witii inixpreliille Did And yet :b iii'ei;: were l\\t:Rcr,i.':iis, in w!i.:tever mii: icii.ty \\i ccn- tribute to the Improvement of tl'.eir Tr.ule to tiie b'.alt, that, finding .m Obdilk of exqudite Ikuuty, tl^it had been let up by rio!c;7iy PbUnMp/.'iis, in Meir. .^ry of his \\ ile and Sifter, wh.dl Name the City bore, and wi.i.h w.is i;o Pcct high, incommoded the Dol k, becuill. tS y w ere r';en wont to build lirger Ships than were iiled in l'ioL'>iy\ K.ip,n, M.!xi- nms, who was then Cio.ernor ot the i'r<>vinee,"eaulcd it to betaken down, and removed to J.'ixaiioria ', But it it Ihould be ol jeeted, tli.it there i. no le.ifoning, with any Certainty, about things of this Nature, if the Lxpei'.ce, at the 'i ime they W( re m.uie, cannot be known, it is a very ealy Matier to anfwer this, (ini e, at ti.e fame Timetliat this Obehfk w.is hewn out of the t^iaai- s in the Higher Egypt, there were fix more cut, of the lame S.z?, for whicli the Workmen receivid litty Eyyptiini T.i!i.nt , which amounts to upwarils of thirteen thouiimd Pounds of our Money ; and the l-^xpince ol drrying tliem mull have been far larger '. Butt.) lum up all in a Word : T.ven at theClofcof this Period, I me.m, when the b.mperoi Dioik/t.in was in Egypt, he tlioug'u it nccellary to burn all the Books of Chemillry that could be collecied, from a Noiion, that it was by this Ait the l\^\ptia>is b.came pollelled of fueh prodigious Sums of Cold and Silver, as maile them mu- tinous and uiigova'nable ; which isack.tr :mhI CTi.iin Sign, that the Rcithins themlelvis ha'd not a juil NoLion of the mighty Profits that accrued Ikjiii the Commerce that the Egyptiims carried on. But it is now high Time to inquire into the Dileovriis that were made, in onlUiuence ol this Irade, and the b\oiiii _ lurdi '. InJeed, if the Itcfources o not b«:ii p odigioiidy g.-iat, it would be vtry dimeult to 1 count lor t!ic i'.ojie ol i^yp:\ recovering themflves a:tr lo iiuny Pdligings .is they were expotld 10, in conf:- qucice ot the Dilorilers and Conlulinns ot iliofe limes »:-.i.h mull have carried immenle We.ilth out ol the i'rovincc. 't IS iiiipolTible to turn one's Tluniglits upon this Si;b- jtct, without remembering that the L ity ol Rtme was a:ornrd with many ol its m
: of tic Indian', tLir Sacrifices, and ether Rites , ivilh feme Rea/ons toiJin^ fo f'r.f, thu in theh' i-arh Tunrs thry -.ct-re not Pohthcijls or IJoloters. 2. An Account of their iintintt .Mr:cr. chies, the Pc^er rf their Princes, tl:eir Paliices, Miignificence of their Courts, &c, j. The Dii:j::ri c,' the People into feven Clajfes; a dijitncl Account cf each C/j/s -, anJ ajlvrt I'teivof the good Coiijcijuch..: facing /ro/n this ixce//ent Regu/ation. d. 0/ their Dre/s, jnd 0/ the Changes introduced I>y thirC:".. merce iiUh the Hixck':, leho had eiiibr,heu J:e Manners and Cujioms of r/r Pcrfians. y, 0/ tit cxdl'.:i i'.rtue, /iric' Ihncui, and ur.corru[>ted Probity of this Nation-, and tie Means they n/ed to exti'i^mfi Addition, Ma/ice, I'raud, and ether rices. 6. Their Frugality in Eating and Drinking, tie VU'n. rirfs of their //s///.'j and Furniture ; icith other Inflances of their extraordinary Temperance and Mdt- ration. 7. Their natural .Magnanimitv, and noble Contempt of Death -, tlr Culloni oj Wiva burning t':cn- /elves icith the Bodies of their Husbands, and the Reafons a:/fgned for it. The Striclnefs and ^I'.ir.:^ of tleir Luus. I r is natur.il, in fjxaking of the Inhabitants of any Ci'untiy, tolx-gin lirtl with th>ir Religion. In this refiK-d the(->«i Writers re|H)rt ot the antient Indians niaiy Things, which feem more .:i;reeable to their own No- tions, than i<.. tlie Condi. I't ofthel'eopleof whom tluylj'eak. They re[x;it t!ut tiuy wurlhipjxil the Sun and the heavenly Ijo'iis ' ■, ai:d we ir. t.i:thcr told ol a mi ft g'orious 'I'empic of the Sim, the W.ilis of which wire ot red Marble, re- femba.ig ! ire, .a.i.l iiucil|.« fed with Streaks of (iold : The " tl. " of Sun on the I'-ivement f» intermixed with In. age I'tuib, and ]irccioi.s Siones, that the Reflexion of them api*ared ;.!:r.()!f as radiant as the hi.ivei^ly Body it rcpre- fcntcvi. Ar.,1 a..er the. wi:e thoriiU;''hly acqu.unted with the (jreei., tluy .'.re laiil to h.ive m..i ited tluir Cuftoms ly 1. itin_; up in Imagr <>i an I'.lephaiu, which they called .jr.x; two Statues ol r I'uha^evcan Principle of the Mamif)dfis, or the Paflagc ol the .'^oul from one Bh iM^.ni. * hiiiMt. iii. ill. .. l&o. Pii/njl. nil /..f. ' S.iuh, J.t.xv. f.yio. ' /. In their grand Solemnities, they were wont to iri- very jx)mjx>u» I'roielTions in I lunour ot their Divin;iiiSi in which thty, from a Principle of CunfcieiKc, ililjlayrj all their Wealth, as a Tellimony of tlvir believing i: dt- lived to them from the Bounty ot the (ioils. Oiifuh Occafions, a great Numlx-r of Llepluuits niarchfti at the Head of the Procefllon, covered with Ornair.iTts ulGcd and Silver •, then followed many Chariots, richly aiiomnl with tlic fame Metals; the l.iboiiring Oxen, yoked ::i Couiiles, fuccecdcd next -, after them the Soldier;, richljf drelled, carrying Pots, Kettles, 15.ili)ns Cui:?, Tab'n, and ether I'tenfiis for the I'eall, all of i'late riiiily .kl^rnrJ with Di.imonds, Rubies, Beryls, Caihuneles a.^d IV.;.-:;: l"hey, fometinus, alio led tame Ixopards, I .icin-, ■!" • Tygers, in thefc Proceffions -, and, at other t;niis, :h.-j' carried Cages lull of Birds, the .Melody of whef; Song^, joined to the Tabor and Pipe, made up all the Mulli n: the FrilL When, by exccfTive Rains falling in the Northfrn Pr of the Indies, their Rivers fwelleJ b. yond nuaUir-, r.i the flat Country was too much and too Ion;; iiiuir \\i- ter, then the King or .Soven ign, in every litile D:;;:.::. maile ufe of certain Ceremonies to api^ale t:ie \\ra:i ^i the (Jods, .iiid to proiure fair Weather. InthcliLtr- monies they .ire (ijid to have f.unfuid Bulls anillkr;.; that were Coal bkack, bei aufe fueh Cattle- were tare, an; ni great I'ricc •, and they likewife threwa CioKhn H.ilh! n the River i which Ceremonies thi- (>>cf<; lik^^^ili i" - '• obtain the Favour ol 'Jupiier, the (nver ot Rain'. A> they were a very temper.ite and a'ftimious l'eo|ile, I'l v never diank Wine but at tliele Feads i and tveii tin- Princes themfelves, as .Ifioli'.nus reports, drank that li- quor only \shen tiny otVcrcii to th- >un. J h rcis Ik* ever, great Realbn to doubt, whither muili Ciuiit i^ :> * 4I, nut in litJuit. Sir'"-' [■ Chap. n. of the East Indies. 44? b, civeii to thcfe RdaiLins. The Crceh tlic mft Ivcs were Indits the following Information : Bacchus, when he had CaiMidd to MoLitry, that they hail no other IJca of fatletl a I'riiicipahty in tlie Neighbourhood of M/rt, cic- RjigioM, than xs it fonniUti in the W'oilhip ot a Miiiti- volvcil the- Government upon Sparthcmbras, his' i-ricnd, „i,ic of Divinities •, am', thcrcloro, in their Reports ot the who nigiiai fifty-two Years, and left the Crown to his khans, they attnhutal t!ie Cer< monies they (aw piadiftd .Son Biidyas^ who ruiid twenty Years* and was fiicceeded ,,, I'nntiplis hke their own. But it is very plain, ivcii hy Crudevus, his Son i and fo, in a continued Defcent trom the Wriuni;-; ot their kit Authors, that at the time from Father to Son, except where a King died without /toK^'- 'lit (ireatinv.jdedtliis Country, the LsJia)is\ui\ llUic, and, in that Cafe, a new Prince wm clefted •, the rot thel'fe of hnigrsj and even Apollonius confeires, Succcnion in this Or-.^r came to the famous 5'fl«'ud and fifty-third Succeflbr of fiflff/wj '. faw. It 1^ likewife very tert.iin, tliat thell- People made a But belules tiiic great Monarch, who had a confiderable gri.;t Secret <>f their religious Opinions ; which was another Territory, and Abundance of tribut.iry Princes, every Caufswhy the G'nv/v had lecouilc to their own Inventions Tribe of Indians had its particular Prince, who was at «lii;h were very f itiic -, and, by this means, reprefentcd once King and Prieft within his own Dominions, according the S.ntimjnts of the Indians, as conformable to their to the anticnt Cullom of molt Countries ; from whence it own. 'I'lie Bmbmans, how.ver, who were, tor die moft came, that the Hebrews ufed the fame Word to fignify part, their \'n^\\>, and, as we (ball fee henatur, were both Prince and Prielt. The Indian Monarchr, were far ii that rcfpeil, in fome fort, iuperior to their Kings, dif- from h.aving .iblblute Power, or Iroiii living in a State of dainiai .ill thelc Hip rltit.ous Notioiis , and either wordiip- Luxury and liale : Of the contrary, they were obh^ed to id in t'lc open Air, turning tlicir Faces to the Eaft, with- hear every Day the Caufes that were brought before them, (ut ary rtgaiii to the Sun, or other heavenly Budi.s, or in and to give Audience to fuch of their Subjcfts as had any Templtsth.it lud neither Ini.igcs, nor Ornammts of any thing to fay to them : Nor were they aJiowed, bv their kind, T!iey likewife profcired their Belief in One God, Laws, to go into the B.:tli, or even to dine, b.-fore all thefe the Author if all Things, the Creator and Sovereign of Suitors were anlwered. In Matters of great Confequence, the I'liiveil"-, and the Father of Spirits ; conformable to they couid not ad without the Advice of their Council j v.lii h, wiien Oncfuiitus, in the Name of Alexander the Gr.i:, t'lrc.itenui Diiulamis with Death if he did not im- i.r.'iji' ly rife, and go anil wait upon that Prince, he t(jld !.::;i, liiiiliiif!, that the King's putting him to Diath would CD liiiii 1 hurt at all : For, faid he, when this 1 lead is Civideii tiom this Bixly, they will return to the Earth from whence they came ; and the .Spirit, now included in them, to Hiin, by whole Power it was included ; for the Body, laid he, IS the Cloathing of the Soul, and has no more to do with the M.iii than his Garments '. It is tru?, th ir, fince theft early Times, the Indians have (i.viaccd mueh into Idolatry ; but it is no lelii true, that the Rrjibniins, who are tiie wifer and better Sort, have al- w.iys prolelfed a different Opinion ; and, UjM)n certain Oc- (x.'virs, have vcntiirci'. to iledare, in Confidence, that they (::i!iii)t belkvc in Idols ; but that they coiifidercd them as I iibulial Keprelintatioiis, which were neeoflary to fix n,' Attention, and to exercife the Piety, of the common i'fj|le, who were rot able to comprehend, or were not itt)b.' trullcd with, the Secrets of their Religion. This i- all ttx- know, and indeed all that can be known, of the Riligion ol the antieat Indians, except thit tlie very Bu-ning of tlu'inrclves proceeded from a Principle of Rc- and, in Points of Rdigion, they received the Inftnidions oi \\\