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This Ham la filiMd at tlw raduetion ratio elMekad baiow / Ca doeumant aat filin4 au taux d» rMuetion Indiqti4 ct- da aaou a. lOx 14x Itx 22x 26x SOx 7 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x Th« copy filmed h«r« hat bMn rtproduead thanks to tha genarosity of: Library Agricultura Canada Tha imagaa appaarlng hara ara tha bait quality poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibillty of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spaclflcatlona. Original copias In printad papar covara ara filmad baglnning with tha front eovar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuttratad lmpraa> aion, or tha back covar whan approprlata. All othar original coplaa ara filmad baglnning on tha first paga with a printad or iilustratad impraa- aion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or llluatratad Impraaaion. Tha last racordad frama on aach microflcha ahall contain tha symbol -^ (moaning "CON> TINUED"). or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), whichavar applias. 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Toua lea autrea exemplairaa origlnaux sont filmis en commen9ent par la pramlAre paga qui comporte une empreinte d'Impreaalon ou d'illustration et en terminent par la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee aymbolaa aulvanta apparaftra sur la darnlAre Imege do cheque microfiche, selon Ie ces: Ie symbole —^ signlfie "A SUIVRE", Ie symbole ▼ signifie "FIN". Lea cartea, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent ttre flimte i dee taux da reduction diff82:t -2 LOCUST CONTROL IN THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES. INTROnUCTlON. The Hrat record of injury to crops by locusts in the Prairie Provim-oft uf went em Canada is that of an outbreak in 1818. Since then there have been irregularly-occurring infestations at intervals of about fifteen years which have usually lasted two or more seasons. The several outbreaks, however, did not necessarily occur uniformly throughout the same territory, but were more often many miles apart. Formerly, the chief offender was the well-known Migratory locust.' Of late years, however, that insect has been absent and we have in its place two native kinds known, respectively, as the Lesser Migratory' and the Pellucid locust.* It was these two species that caused so much trouble to farmers in 1919, and it is to them that this circular particularly refers. (See fig. I). Fio. 1. Th* P«llucid loouit, above; th« LMMf Uisratory loouat, below. (OrigiiuU.) Distinguishing Features of the Lebser Miqratort and the Peixucid Locusts. These two insects are somewhat alike in size and appearance but may be separated by the very much smaller eyes of the Pellucid locust, by the darker colour of the small hoppers of that insect, and by a veil-marked sharp ridge on the back behind the head. This latter is indistinct in the Lesser Migratory locust. In addition, the winp i insects can be distinguished by the narrow row >.V<{anopIiM iprttui Ubier. ^U. altanit RUey. •Camnuta fMJtiiMa Scudd. 5 76823-21 ..f .iimll MH.I-. .iloiiK th.- .•.•mr.- of thr wing-4-..v..r in th.- b'-«r MiKr»«..rv UnUnt uth.r im|M.rlu»t ».iU l..s-.vi.l.nl .hrtriirl.r- for m.|»'»"»«"»K <>'«• •*" "I^'^'"- llABliM UK Tin: YdINU <»K HoI-I'KKM, TIm' lif. of u hupi^r. «■. th.> yuunn form i- t.rin.-.l, roniin.ii...* wju'i. il ,.m.Ti." fr M. un ov.V-wint..rinK .««-.«.•. in rom|mn.v «i«h -onw w.n«y-h Z.|i T . Iin»' of it. up!««ra».-,. in inHu.nc.l by thr natur.. ..f thr Hra.on, .nd nt hmI t A-^.^l^^^^^^^^^^^^ qoirklv an.l. an thry grow. .aHt off th.'.r .k.ns f n n • to in, ■ im.. nK thn.ugh liv «...«lt« in all. Aft.r th.- la.t n.ouit tlu-y artful ra/'XtM. I an.l hav.- wing.. Thv lif.' of a hoppi. . a.^ 1 ni. M.mmarizo.l 1. 1 tf tv.»VMJavHto<.oniplH.-. During tl, timr ,t..;h..f hul..t. apfH-ar Im' thorn' of f -.-ling an.l of running itM-lf . In th<- . arly .norn.ng or on < ool .la> .. . h. pPrs m V he oh«-rv.Ml in large »,«...■« in.l.. ging .n 1 1... attrr >'"»•'•*»;';; ring ^.> hea of tho i.»s all affo .1 h^^h'Sa P . t.-rti..n. whil.. fiohis with . sm.H.lh .urfa.M- an- alway. V [|o. TMh' fa.-t that hopper, nwain ovr-night when^ th.- lan.l ih r.jugh ..r w - vL..,.«n H r^^ for the irregular outline at th.- .narg.n. of a h.-i.l h.-v a .- rtta.-kiiiB .rth- reanon that they naturally r-ongr.-gat.- wh.-re th.-y .-an ..r. "lu-lier. aulrfn'm Hu.h p..ints make farther inroa.ls into the growmg .r.-p n.-xt .lay. Habits ov tiik Aoilts. (>„ attaining th.- w,u, fScient to bring them to earth, ft U o^ing to these flights that many f^el.l Aiously free, be.-ome inf.-st.-.l, while othenalreadv attacke.l may be saved by the insects moving .-Isewhe .-. Fth^s reason ?oo, various isolate.l areas oft.-n become ^f" "- f'"" '"«" '' inLtatTon Th^^^^ Migrations continue intermittently for at least a m.mth. bu b c m;. less frequent .luring the egg-laying perio.l. Th.- L.-sser M.gra ory cu'i flTs at a much higher altitu.le than the Pellucid Uicu.st: the migratory fl ghts of the former species may reach an altitude of s, veral hundr.-d fee , as we have learnecl hv observation an.l by the report .,f an aviator at Carlyle, >ask. K*MI>l,\YIN*i lUlllTH. \ll niir iiijurioiiH IhwU ili|N>i>it »h«ir <'wi» In iiin"«» itml pliu. tin in in ...il .ijrr..iiii.l.'.l hv II .•.mliiiK of frutliv mut.rial whi.li har.l.n- int.. » |'r..». .1 nivirinK kiiimn ii" u |hmI or i»iu'. (!*••• Hk" 'i »•»•' •*•' thi'in in thi> IVf § * ' ■ * Kh , :'. U«U"t liiynic ••«""■ '>.\(ter (iili".itioii anil .ii.-us.^ ih.'in in thr lovtrinn as slu- iiror.r.U. Uhm ruinplit.'.l Hi'" •'KK in«s.s.'H rni.h ulinost lo the surfui'.- of th.> jiroun.l ami .xl.n.l at tli.-.r fiirth. r ixtnmitv to a (l«-!)tli of iil.ont thr (luartcrs of an imli into tin- m.iI. in.' iminlKT 'of «•««« p«T pod varies ttcconliiiK to llw kin!•. (((C Klu 3. Em«pch1»oI locuntimhowinn vuriouimliapf": ptx. ;ii ahl open li> pu>'kc>d I'lUt"' f After (iibnun ui '' < omlrj ,h.'er8 along the ar edge. Shallow or badlv-turned ploughing is of little practical value. Ihe ploughmg of stui.bic land is a comparatively simple control method, since it constitutes part of the year » work Hi , when It comes to treating tte sodded areas in a similar way, the task becomes far '""re dilhciilt^ When It is realized, however, that fully 90 per cent of the eftfts of the Pellucid locust are placed in sod land such as fence-rows, roadsides, and other hard grassy places adjacent to cultivated land, the necessity of ploufthinft such areas will be seen to be of the utmost Importance. ■> When it is not privet icable to plough infested land it should be disced or cultivated in- stead, preferably directly after harvest, so that the eggs are exposed to the hot sim. lliis will at least kill part of them, though the practice is not to be compared for efficiency with thai "t )>loiighing. Community .\ction. United action when anything of a serious nature threatens a community is of vital importance. One niav work independently under normal circumstaiices, but when danger threatens to involve the whole population of a district, it is to the interest of all that ihev should take an active share in such measures as may be deemed necessary for the public welfare. In this connection the threatciied destruction of the crops of anv district must, necessarily, involve the prosperity of the citv-dwellers within the area. Consequently, it is to their interest to assist the "farmers by every practical means. . . ^ i » Community action has already proved of extreme value as an aid to locust control in the United States and in eastern Canada. It has also been of much assistance in destroying gophers on the prairies. Perhaps a still better lUtJstra- tion mav be recalled in that of the harvest-clubs dunng the war, when citizens, largely made up of women, did so much to assist the farmers in gathering m the *^'^"^In fighting locusts through community action sever, details must be taken into consideration. First, the community has to be organized and leaders provided. Next there is the procuring of materials and the mixing ol baits. This should, of course, be done at some central point and under reliable super- vision Horses and vehicles are necessary for the carrying and spreading of the material. It is also important that the weather be fine, as well as warm, when the mixture is spread. The areas to be treated should be survejed in advance and definite instructions issued to each driver as to the ground he is to cover. The social aspect of such community work is also an advantage that s ould not be lost sight of in rural communities. It is hardly necessary to add that the scheme presents many possibilities, and if carried out with the enthusiafm it deserves, should do much to save the crops involved, and so indirectly enrich the whole community. NATURAL ENEMIES OF LOCUSTS. The natural enemies of locusts are many and, under ordinary circumstances ,an be relied upon to keep them more or less under control. The importance of such control, however, is one that only an expert can gauge successfully, and a farmer should not, therefore, place too much confidence on being freed from locust trouble through these agencies. 12 Among the more important enemies of locusts are the following: The Locust flesh-fly {Sarcophaga kellyi Aid.); this fly is about the size of the common house-fly, but is greyer; it has three black stripes down the back and a reddish tip to the abdomen. The fly deposits its maggots upon both dead and hvmg locusts, and has at least two generations in a year. Blister Beetles— longish, black, grey, green, or reddish beetles commonly met with feeding upon caragana, potatoes, or wild peas. The young of these beetles live upon locust eggs. The Locust Bee-fly (Syatoechus areas O.S.) A hairy golden-coloured insect about the size of a deer-fly, commonly met with resting upon flowers. The maggots of this fly are much wrinkled, inactive objects of a creamy-white colour. They live upon locust eggs. Red spider-like mites (Trombidium sp.) These are very commonly observed attached to the wings of locusts which, however, they seldom appear to kill. Later they are of value in destroying locust eggs. Locust Fungus {Empusa sp.) This is the disease that is responsible for the dead locusts found attached to the tops of weeds, wild grasses and cereals. It depends upon favourable weather for its spread. There are a number of other natural enemies of locusts some of which attack the mature insects, others the eggs or young. Birds also play an import- ant part in this work of suppression, of which lake-gulls, terns, crows, black- birds, grouse and meadow-larks are worthy of special mention. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES. Other Injurious Locusts.— Favourable locust years always increase various other kinds apart from those of most importance. The commonest of these are generally the Red-legged locust, Melanoplus femur-rubrum, DeG., and the Two-striped locust, M. bivittatua Say. The first named resembles the Lesser Migratory locust, but prefers moister situations, besides being later in hatching. The latter is much larger and can be distinguished by the two light stripes, one on each side of the back, and the black lines down the hind legs. The young of this insect are often green. Coloured-winged Locusts.- There are several of these that hatch from eggs in the fall, and so give rise to the idea that the injurious kinds are appearing at the wrong time of year. These winter over as hoppers, and are quite large l)efore the common kinds emerge from the eggs. FACTS TO BEAR IN MIND. Locusts eat actively on warm sunny days. They do very little or no feeding on cold, cloudy or wet days. Adult locusts are as easily poisoned as are the young hoppers. Locusts do not lay eggs upon clean summer-fallow or newly ploughed soil. Burning grass lands or straw piles in the fall is a useless practice, as locust eggs are not killed by this. Straw and grass, however, are of decided value for burning the hoppers in spring. Care should be exercised in mixing poisoned-bait owing to the fact that the poison may enter the pores of the skin and may also be inhaled by the mouth or nose. To guard against the latter contingency it is necessary to tie a handker- chief or cloth over the mouth and nose when handling large quantities of the poison. Tubs or other vessels in which poisoned-bait has been mixed should not be left where live stock can reach them. The poison kills domestic animals as easily as it does locusts. 13 Keep cattle supplied with salt; they will then be less likely to eat poisoned- bait. Farmers in locust-infested districts should orRanize in early sprinR so as to be fully prepared to cope with threatened outbreaks, It is especially important to arrange for the obtaining of supplies of poison, bran, and other materials long before the hoppers appar. Watchfulness, quick action, and persistent effort arc the attributes on which to relv for the control of insect outbreaks. Delay is nftt-n fatal. THE OUTBREAK OF LOCUSTS IN WESTERN CANADA IN 1919. Intboductiox The outbreak of locusts which occurred in certain sections of ManitoV/ii, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia in 1919, was the most important from an economic viewpoint that lias been experienced since the west was deve- loped as an agricultural region, although serious losses were confined to certain districts. As soon as it was realised from the unusual emergence of young hoppers that the outbreak of locusts was likely to have serious effects, immediate steps were taken to warn farmers and to advise them as to control measures. The press willingly co-operated throughout the season's campaign in publicity work. The Dominion and Provincial Departments co-operated in the control work, which included determining the infested areas, holding meetings of farmers, demonstrating the use and value of the poisoned-baits, and later in the season the new areas in which eggs had been depositeil were determincil. Anticipating possible outlireaks of this nature we had taken up Avith insec- ticide manufacturers in 1916 and 1917, the question of adeqtiate supplies of standard insecticides such as Paris green, arsenate of lead and arsenate of lime, and as a result the output was greatly increased. At the same time we urged farmers and fruit growers, individually or co-operatively through their organi- zations, to provide themselves with adequate supplies of insecticides to meet possible contingencies; grain growers and other associations in the west were advised to stock insecticides. The importance of manufacturing sufficient supplies of insecticides and of an adequate and strategic distribution of such munitions of insect war was im- pressed on all concerned. We have reason to believe that in spite of the shortage of insecticides which occurred in western Canada, this .sho.tagf would have been far more serious had not the previously aforementioned steps been taken. The difficidties of obtaining insecticides from eastern ( 'anada where they .are manu- factured was increased by the Winnipeg strike in June and July and the embargo on freight and express shipments to that city. Through the hearty co-operation of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which we gratefulh- .acknowledge, about seven- teen tons of Paris green were transjiorted by the regular passenger trains from Montreal to Winnipeg and Regina .and this supj)ly greatly helped the situation. In Manitoba and Saskatchewan the Provincial Governments supplied the arscnicals to the farmers through the local authorities. In many cases the municipalities supphed the other ingredients of the poisoned-baits and mixed the same. The difficulties of deahng with the situation were enhanced liy the fact that the outbreaks were most severe in districts affected by the extreme drought. Consequently it was difficult to persuade many of the farmers who were discou- raged by these losses to undertake control work. The demonstrated value of 14 the poisoned-bait, however, convinced the majority tliat the securing of ii crop depended upon its use, and as the result of the widespread application of poisoned- bait and the use of hopperdozers thousands of acres of crop were saved. l^nless unfavourable weather conditions prevail during the coming spring and afTect the emergence or growth of the young hoppers our investigations of the areas in which the migrating adults of last season depositetl their eggs lead us to expect that the infestation of 1920 will cover about twice the area of that of 1919. (". (iORDON HEWITT, Dominion Kntomohnfisl. :^I.\NIT()BA By Norman C'riddle Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Trcesbank, Man. The 1919 outbreak of locu.xts in Manitoba was chiefly confined to the south- west corner of the province and the areas most affected were those in which the villages of Melita, Pearson, Lylet on and Waskada formed centres. In addition to this main area various other districts suffered locally to a small extent. These included Napinka, Deloraine, Pilot Mound, and Homewood in the south, Ileston and Virden in the west; Sidney to Portage la Prairie on the C.P.R. mainline and Gladstone to Longruth in the north. Most of these merely embraced incipient outbreaks which, however, may increa.se to serious proportions under favourable weather condititjus another summer. Owing to the absence of reports from the affected districts, the previous year, we were quite unprepared for the serious outbreak that occurred and in consequence the insects had made considerable inroads into the crops before they could be checked. The lack of neces.sary supplies, to begin with, also greatly handicapped the work of control and en account of these considerations the losses were far in excess of what they would have been otherwise. On being notified of the outbreak, the Dominion anil provincial officials in Manitoba immediately visited the affected areas where instructions in control methods and demonstrations were given to the farmers concerned. The Exten- sion Service of the Provincial Department of Agriculture also placed men in the field who, for a time, supervised the mixing of poisoncd-baits and otherwise rendered assistance. As soo: as it was recognized that the outbreak was of a serious nature the Manitoba Dt.jartment of Agriculture promptly undertook the distribution of free poison and by this action undoubtedly did much towards saving the crop. The municipal authorities were also quick to take action in the matter and were -soon supplying most of the bran and attractants used in baits, besides, in some instances, actually mixing the ingredients at a central point. In the work of control we relied entirely upon poisoned-baits during the early portion of the season, but later a large number of hopperdozers were con- structed and utilized as well. The total area infested by locusts in Manitoba w.'is in excess of .lOCOOO acres of which by far the greatest proportion was situated in the southwest corner. Locusts were by no means evenly distributed over this territory, however, and it happened, therefore, that while some farms were severely infested others escaped entirely. Owing to drought, rust and other adverse factors losses cannot be estimated with even reasonable accuracy, and 15 in f«n8equence, all wp can statt; is that a number of fielreak was realised and steps were immediately taken to meet the situation. Tlie failure on the part of some farmers to grasp the importance of the situation, rendereil the work of control at first somewhat difficult. It will be readily seen, however, from the perusal of the brief statement that follows, that the Department of Agriculture of the Province of Saskatchewan accomplished, under the circumstances, excellent work in its endeavour to assist the farmers. We would say that the figures hereinafter (luoted have been drawn from the record.; of the Saskatchewan Department of Agricvdture and have been mainly compiled by one of us (M.P.T.). Extent of Infestation. An area of approximately one thousand five hundred square miles was more or le.ss involved in the outbreak, extending from the Manitoba anil United States boundaries in the south-eastern part of the province and following a north- westerly direction to the vicinity of Saskatoon. In this area the infestation •The most prevalent speries were as follows; Camnula pellucida, Melanoplua allnnia, Milamiplus bivillaluH and Melanoplua fimur-rubrum . le was by no meana uniform in its intensity. In those municipalities where the ■oils were light, the locusts generally speaking caused greater damage than where the soils were heavy. Altogether, forty-two municipalities reported outbreaks, and within these municipalities 358,000 acres of growing wheat were overrun by the locusts. These municipalities were as follows:—], 2, 3, 33, 63, 130, 223 and 284, in all of which the infestation was very heavy. In the remainder the infestation was less heavy than in those just enumerated. They were, 26, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38, 61, 64, 65. 66, 68, 91, 92, 98, 99, 100, 129, 162, 221, 222, 224, 250, 253, 254, 255, 283, 285, 314, 315, 343, 345. Fig, 8, Loeniti croMing a road in soath-ewten Saakatohewsn, Amount of Damage and Crop Saved. About 75,000 acres of growing wheat were destroyed within the infested area, representing approximately 21 per cent of the crop-acreage in which the locusts were working. At the present price of wheat ($2 . 50 per bushel*) , locusts were thus responsible for a loss of $1,600,000 to the farmers of the province, a figure which would be greatly increased if we were to reckon in currency the damage caused to other crops and pasture. On account of the interference of other complicating factors, particularly drought, it has been difRcult to furnish anything like an accurate estimate of the amount of crop saved in virtue of the campaign of control against the locust pest. We believe, however, that we are conservative in stating that about 100,000 acres of wheat yielding an average of eight bushels per acre were saved. Valuing wheat at $2.50 per bushel, this represents $2,000,000 worth of wheat which would have been actually lost in the absence of control measures. *ThU represents the mid-winter price of No. 1 hard wheat. The price has increased lately. 17 Amount op Poisoned-bait Ubed. The poifloned-bait principally u»eA in control was constituted as follows:— Bnw JOpouadi. Pula grecB or Whit* AriMie 1 pound. MolaMM a quart*. OrsBCM or lemon* 3 Iruit*. Wnter 3 to 2) gnilou. The Criddle mixture composed of one pound of Paris Krcon or white arsenic and one pound of »alt mixed with 15 gallons by measure of fresh horse-dropnings was employed in a few instances, but in that the results from its use diu not compare with those of the former, its general adoption was not advised. The campaign of control was greatly assisted by the Saskatchewan Govern- ment which furnished to the farmers through the medium of the various munici- pal councils 15,200 pounds of Paris green and white arsenic at a cost to the Govern- ment of S7,260. In consideration of this assistance the municipalities undertook to supply to their ratepayers free-of-charge the remaining ingredients of the poisoned-bait, including the bran, molasses and fruit. Previous to the making , of this arrangement, the municipalities themselves bought and used 10,000 pounds of Paris green costing approximately 95,000. The total amount of poison used was thus 25,200 pounds at a cost of about 112,260. Altogether, this amount of poison served for the preparation of 226 ton^^ of poisoned-bait at a total cost of about $35,000. Other Expenditures Incident to the Caupaiqn. In a few municipalities hopperdozers were extensively used at the outset of the campaign before the supplies for the preparation of poisoned-bait came to hand. Indeed, one of the most difficult problems with which the farmers were faced was the lamentable shortage of both Paris green and white arsenic in the province in the spring and early summer when these materials were in greatest demand. The railway freight-workers strike which occurred during the month of June, did not serve to improve matters, and it was only after serious delay that the required shipments of poison became available. Some farmers who had endeavoured to stem the early ravages of the hoppers by the use of hopperdozers continued to use them even after stocks of poison were obtainable. Several, indeed, expressed a preference for the hopperdozer, and, undoubtedly, excellent results were obtained on some farms where they were regularly employed. Altogether about 175 hopperdozers were constructed at a cost of about $10 each and used more or less regularly by the farmers on the western limits of the outbreak, in municipalities 223, 224 and 284. It would be difficult to estimate what was the exact cost of operating these hopperdozers for the part of the season during which they were effective, but we have furnished an approximate estimate in the summary that follows. For the purposes of making demonstrations of the preparation and applica- tion of the poisoned-bait, as well as surveying the infested municipalities and organ- izing the farmers for the campaign of control, the provincial government placed seven district representatives in the field. The work of these men was directed by the authors. This phase of the campaign, including salaries and travelling expenses of both federal and provincial employees cost in the neighbourhood of S3,500. IN KRgUKHT roK Lkiuhlatkin. It waN amply il<«>liinK furtncrH in nffrctrd (iiNtricts to uniirrtako the nrccMar)' control meaourc* in fiRht- ing the locuitt tM>i«t. A dciiirc on the part of individual farrocrH an well ax munici- palities wait frequently and Htrongly expreHHed favouiing the legiHlation of the work. Finally, on Novem))er 13, 1010, at a meeting of the municipal repre- nentativcH attending a convention of the Hail Inturance ANMociation in Kegina, thin dexire took a practical xhape with the rcHult that the following reoolution wuw adopted: — " Tnut the Municipal Act he amended so as to confer upon the council of a municipality, in connection with the destruction of locuHts, powers similar to those give, in the Rural Municipalities Act in connection with destruc- tion of gophers ar to provide a penalty upon farmers who refuse or neglect to put out poison or employ other equally effective means to destroy locusts upon their land when ordered to do so." The provincial legislature is now engaged upon the amending of the above- mentioned act with a view to covering the exigencies of future outbreaks. Summary or Kxpknditukes As an explanation of the figures that follow we would particularly wish to emphasize that they are merely approximate, but from the information at hand we believe that they are as accurate as can be obtained. In the case of the hopperdozcrs we have assumed that each one wus operated for an average of five full working days. In some cases they were actually in use more days than this and in some cases less. PoiSONED-aAIT. (1 ) 226 tonii inrluilinK all insrrdipnts as aliovi- t 35,000 00 (2) I'rpparation and iliatriliution of thiit amount u( bait at 79 rrntt per 20rb« le.SSO 00 • si.esooo HorPIHDOZERg AND OiL. (3) m hopprrdoxTB at tlO farh. ' ;alloi 1.4) 4,37.5 gallnmi ot keri)S»'np 1.5 gullonn piT iluy per iiiai'hini' for five days) at ,3.5 cents p<'r Kallon (.5) IjilK>ur of man and team at l« per day tor live days per earh iiiaehine 3,250 00 1,750 00 l,.53l 25 f 8,531 25 i^ALAKIEa AND THAVELLINU ExrEVHFJt. (6) 10 assUtantH fur orguniiing, prnvineial anil federal . . 3,500 00 3.500 00 The total c . these expenditures amounts to $63,981.25, and whilst some minor items may have been overlooked, we believe that the total outlay of the campaign in which $2,000,000 worth of wheat was saved, did not cost the govern- ment and the farmers more than $70,000. tt AIHKIITA ily K. H. Strickland Entomoluiiirul Brunnh, Department of Auriculturr, Ottawa. IxMJUMtH were uiiuitimlly abundant over a clistrirt ol approximately 2,.V)0 xquare mileH in win' iiiil*' wiili' HUM iittiM'knl ti> xiH'h nil i-xti'iit llmt iimiiy Kruwcr* cimchlfrnl it iiml>li' III nil tlii'ir Kriiiii «l». In till' Chili-olin-HiHln' cn-i'k riinitf. ihv nrm invailiil liy Um-ukIh whm very lurRf inili'id. Tli(Ui^iuiil> nf nrri'-* of ciittlf runur wi-ri' involvi'il hut tin' rhi-'f injury look pliici' on Uii- wintir riinnix. No i ffort hin* yet Imth niiulp t«» form ii ( irn-il icliinati' of tin- nctiial Iohw ciiU'M'iI bv IoimixIh on nmnf himU in the pro- ving of HritiKh ("olinnhiii, wlirrr llii-ir tillncks iiri' iH-roniinK ini-n-Hxinuiy wrioiw lo iIh- livi' wtoik iiilrri!! toniiiiioni* toKitliir «villi iinii-'iuil drouKlit i-omlitionx nn- rlimi'ly nni*o(iiitcnKaK«>it, at thf liiiu', in n li.i-Utft cumpaign ju»t avrusit tlif C'uuudiun borUvr iu tin- Huunilary couutry.