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IX
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REi^oirr
ACCOMPANYING PLAN FOR
7
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE
PORT OF QUEBEC,
SUBMITTED TO THE
Ql EHHC HARBOR COMMISSIONERS
BY
ST J^ID-A-OOIsT JL
WITH RKMAllKS THKRKOS AND SHKOKSTIOSS RKLATINH THERETO.
BY ALEKANDER SEWELL, P.L.S., C.E.
y
J
Th
;iml ex
the pri
Ix'cn 01
this ill
oxphiUi
iiuders
below, 3
Th
Co mini
To the.
(
Th
Plans, '.
inents ;
lie
the ad
prjictic;
Tli^
outside
all cluu
and '' C
By
thereor
vast sa\
places,
u
t
TIIK PROPOSED IMPMOV KMEXTS
IN THE
HARBOR OF QUEBEC.
The Quebec Ilarboi- (Jommissioners, having resumed their sittings,
;ui.l .expecting tliat f decision will soon be arrived at in the awarding of
thp prizes ottered by them, in competition, for the most feasible * nd
economical })lan for improvements in the Ilarltor of Quebec, and having
been one of the competitors, under the signature " Stadacona" I con.-ider
this an opportune time to give certam suggestions on the subject and
(explanations of my plan to the public, so that they may thoroughly
understand the reasons stated m my rei)ort, (a copy of which will be found
below,) and to appreciate the object of my plan.
Tlie following is the IJeport which i transmitted to the Harbor
Commissioners in conformity to their advertizement.
To the. Premlent and Directors of the Harbour Commissioners of Quebec.
CtENTI.EMKX, —
'^'^^?.,""^'^'^"'^^^'"*'^^ hereby dr<iws your attention to the accompanying
1 lans, Elevations, and details, with estimate of cost of Harbour improve-
ments asked for by advertisement in the local neswspapers.
He considers it necessary to submit the loUowing explanations of
the advantages that would re.^ult from the adoption of the plan and
practical application of the suggestions contained therein.
The site for these improvements is within the city limits and far
outside of the Commissioners line, on the Fly Bunk ; as represented on
all chart .1 the Harbour of Quebec, directly opposite '' Anse des Meres"
and '' Cape Diamond Coves."
By inspection of the plan, it well be seen, by the soundings marked
thereon, that the depth of water on this Bank is so inconsiderable th it a
vast saving m the construction of improvements, in comparison with otli^r
places, would be effected.
work
el
To this would !.(> -.uUhnl tho .Klviintu^'e of undoubted protection from
Easterly and W esterly jralos.
In the ehoiee of this locality nuisfc be considered its centrnlity for
shipping and transhij)piMg at all states of the tide, which with the exten-
sive aj.i)liance of Steam Tugs. Elevators, Winches and Cranes would
prove an invaluable desideratum.
The plan proposed is to erect a wharf constructe<l of timber open
nrk, running from low water line, and extending' outwards therefrom,
even hundred feet, of on(> hundre.l foot in width and of an avenx'e
height o twenty-six foot—then at the end of such wharf another, of one
thousam feet long, to be erected lengtliwise on the Flv Bank in the shape
ot the letter L and one hundred feet wide and so placonl that at one
hundred feet therefrom will be found the required depth of water for
vessels of the largest draft coming to this port, to load and discharge
cargoes vvith the greatest security at wrought iron pontoons, of a total
lengtli of 1200 loot, in sections of 4(M) feet— moved bv chains directly and
diagonally and connected with the wharf by iron girder bridges, working
on a hmge to the rise and fall of the tide.
In accordance^ with the wants and i)rogress of the trade, these wharfs
may be constructed and prolonged to any extent that mav be required, as
well as utihzed as a place for the deposit of ballast. "
A handsome revenue could be realized by erecting warehouses with
elevators connected therewith on the wliarfs, there being amr)le space
tor such and atiording large accomodation, at all seasons of the tide for
every description of craft with produce and merchandize for shipment
and transhipment. ^
It is proposed to construct the wrought iron pontoons, placed live
leet apart, oi the following dimensions— sixty feet long, ten feet wide and
hve teet deep— being connected together by rectangulai wrought iron
Kelsons, and covered with a timber deck flooring and planking, having an
area ot an acre : the rivei- face of the pontoons to be sheathed with timber
as a protection.
By reference to the plan of details the construction thereof may be
readily understood.
_ The pontoons are constructed in 400 feet sections, in order to secure
their removal with safety to the land side of the wharf, at the close of th
season, for security during the winter.
ie
In conclusion, the site proposed is certainly the most eligible one
within the limits of our harbour.
The Eiver St. Charles Estuary is to a certain degree advantageous,
but has the following drawbacks, an inevitably immense outlay for
dredging, an exposed situation and tidal interruption.
f
y r
1 '
<^
Tliepros'ont projooted improvomeiil:^ vi/ : tho prolorifration of Dalhnn-
nio Strcot. the oxtt'iisinn of tlsc North Shore K.H. and the (rraving Dock,
being all ronti'al in this locality, with independent ini[)iovements. aside
from th." TIaibor Commission, siiggrst tlie advisability of making choice
of other more favoiabh* parts of mw Unibor adapted to economical
improvements.
Here annexed is the estimate of cost.
Construction of wharfs, open tiinlxM- work (» inehe> loaded and
pliinked $270,000
Wionght iron Pontoons with timber decks and Eridgecon
necting with wharfs 380,000
Eisrht warehouses of ;j stories (all in timber.) 45,0l)U
'i'wo commodious Sheds on Pontoons 5,(X'0
Expenditure for modern aijplianees, us Elevators, Cranes,
Winches, Ac, &.C., 25,000
$725,000
I have the honor to bo
(ientlemen,
STADACONA.
Quebec Post Office.
Quebec, November, 1874.
It is hardly necessary to state that the absolute requirements in any
project of harbor improvement-^ must provide, firstly, for expedition
in discharging and loading vessels- secondly, ('iilavijed wharf area) thirdly^
facUi ties for Inndinr/ and diifcharginij ; keeping in view a strict economy in
consti'uction and in future maintenance and repairing.
As stated in the correspondence of <' Mentator'' (given below)
published in the '< Morning Chronicle" and dated tha 2()th December last,
the duration of the shipping season ivirely exceeds live months ; theneces
sity for expedition is therefore undoubted. The letter, of '' Improve-
ment,'' published in the ''Chronicle" and dated 7th April last, (given
below) states thtto the large number of steamers, now arriving at our port,
has created an increased demand for loading bei'ths, di -placing sailing ves-
fels, which now have to be berthed either at Point Levis, or at distances far
srom the business centre ; thus an enlarged icliarf area is greatly needed.
Any one who has been in the habit of frequenting the Lower Town wharfs
must have seen the difficulties which ship masters and others have to
overcome in the loading and discharging of vessels. The great difference
between the high and low tides is the cause of these difficulties, necesi-
J
tilting a ^rrcat loss of tim" iti tlio urrangoiut'nt of thn ma(;liinory usod in
ti'ansi)oitiug cargo Wotwoon tlio slioro and tlio vessel. ThiToiortj in any
s»;hemo of improvement, increasedyac/Z/7/e.vfor loadiiiy and miloadiny must
ho provided for.
Now I clMim that in my Rt'j)ort and Plan these ahsolute tlc.^i<lerafa
aro ])rovided for.
The Fly Bunk therein mi^ntioned and shown, extending from Cape
Diamond to point a Pizeau, otters natural advantages i:ot possessed hy
otliei h.irhois ; the shallowuiiss of tlm water on it, the i^'culiarity of its
surroundings and its immense length enable the Commission to etfect
almost iniparralleled improvements and the most desirable results, and
this at a comparatively trifling cost, the outlay of which would rapidly be
repaid by the custom which tne locality must command. It m.iy also
i»e mentioned that these improvements may be made graduall.v, com-
mencing at v'e eastern end of the bank iind jti-oceeding, as required,
towards its western extremity.
In eniuneniting the advantages of the Fly Bank, its position, ns within
the t'ity limits, cannot l)e overlooked. Within easy access of the business
portion of the city, merchants would lind it more eonvc^nientand entailing a
less loss of time than when vessels are bertlied for miles along the coves,
the constant communication between shipmasters and tlieir consignees,
so necessary, could be more cheaply and efiiciently maintained. Its
l)Osition within a mile ot the Grand Trunk Ferry gives it advantage over
the St. Charles of two miles distance from the present only Railway
Station in tlie harbor. The construction of the North Sliore Railway will
alsc add to the many advantages, for by the wicUaiing of Dalhousie and
other streets that Railway axn be continued up to the neighbourhood of
the Fly Bank, where goods can be transhipped for the West.
The depth of water on the Bank is from two to twelve feet, so that
piers could be built thereon at a cheaper rate than in any other part of
the harbor, requiring but little expense in construction. The pontoons are
Sixty feet wide and placed at a distance of one hundred feet from the pier,
making a total of one hundred and sixty feet, at the end of which there
are twenty six feet ilepth at low water on the river side ; on the shore side
vessels of the greatest tonnage couUl load at all states of the tide. Instead
of iron, wooden pontoons or floating piers might be placed on the shore
side of the pier, costing not more than one tenth part of iron pontoons.
The position of the Fly Bank ensures it an almost perfect freedom
from gales and consequently danger from ice in winter, -hi remarking
upon this '^Iinprovomont"' recommends this pi ice, w.'ie a pier built such
as I have mentioned, as a good wintering locality. ■
By the use of pontoons the present dilHculties in loading and
tlischarging would be done away with, for vessols would then always be
on the same level with the p(»nto()ii, on which the goods .vould be placed
and afterwards removed to the pier.
This large pier could also serve as a discharging place for ballast,
and many years must elapse before its use ior such could be ended.
Warehouses constructed on the pier could be built, of large dimen-
sions and ample for the storage of mitny cargoes; and we may here men-
tion that the isolation of the pier would bo a safo guard against fire, and
a consequent reduction in insurance rates.
It will be apparent, that the advantages to be gained from the
construction of these wharfs on the Fly Bank will place C2uel)ec in a i)Ositiou
superior to Montreal in regard to harbor room and equal in its facilities
for loading and discharging, in which port vessels are now loaded within
the space of twenty four hours.
In comparing this locality with that of the mouth of the St. Charles,
it must be acknowledgeti that this locality must ever sutler from the
detention of :ce in the spring. The construction of the breakwater has
retarded the breaking up of the ice by about ten days, but what must be
the result if the wharfs, piers and docks, proposed by some of those who
have sent in olans, were erected. The opening of the St. Charles would
be retarded fully a month, and the docks themselves be useless ice
blocks, whilst the rest of the harbor would be tilled with shipping. This
could never possibly happen through any constructions on the Fly Bank'
and this fact must give it great advantage over the mouth of the St.
Charles. It must be admitted that wet docks, on account of the severity
and length of the winter, are unsuitable, and that pontoons alone are
practicable.
In refercxice to cost, I am confident that the improvements I propose
could be made for the sum mentioned in my report, $725,000. The
necessity of dredging the St. Charles, to make any use of it, is admitted .
but what a sum of money would such require ? There are 875,000 feet in
the area of an acre, having a mean depth of twenty feet, the depth necessary
to be dredged in the St. Charles, at the usual rate, by the most improved
machinery used in dredging, one hundred acres, the number of acies
acknowledged to be necessary to utilize the mouth of the St. Charles,
would cost about i|9,000,000. This amount would not include the cost of
T)
J
coii'-triictiii;,' pitis ;iinl wiirchniHos, nliicli would cost, suppo-ing tlin piers
Were l.iiilt pMiily of^tpj!.' mill \v(»r>(l, «)V(M' $ 1 1\( <)(>,(»!)() niakinr n total in
round nunilx-rH oC .*2l,(M)((,(>(<i', to inipiov<' tlio mouth of tlio St. MiirU's,
which, wlicti «'tlcct<M|. Would if^nlt in (>u<'hoc havin;i n iiseleHs projiorty
I'or ei^ht luoiilh- in tin- v.' ;u', ::u<l necessitate th(^ constant drf'd<.^inj^ out
the dcliri<. which yearly conic> t'owii with thc^'t. Chai'h'a, and that tiirowr.
np \>y the St. l.nwit mcc in En-tciii ;rale.-, and deposited hy the iiow and
ehl) of tile tide..
In conclii>iiiii I w(»n!d say tiit ii (h'Volv("s n|Hin t he ( ''tinmissioner- to
Jtidire of tile jihin^ sill niitti (| i(. theni, for <»n tliein may depend the
adoption of localitic.-, whicli may, or niay not, prove ada])tihle to the
pui posv of the trade oi the l'(»rt ; a tr.'de whiidi is, year hy yeai', inci'easin,!:
in inii«>)'tance and maiinitude, and r<'(|nirin!:. more and more, the science
of man to add to tin' ijenero'is ^iits wliiidi nature his he(iueathed to this
part of Canada. I'pon tli<ni antl ihcir approval may deiiend whether
or not Quehec remains the luad of Ocean Navigation.
AM':XA.\j^i:i; skwkll.
i'. I.. S. (J. E.
(To the Editor of Hie Mom in;/ (Jh-oiiirfe.)
Mk. EniTou, — .My .attention iias heen drawn to the plunn for the
impMovement oi' the harhor of (^iiehce, covering an immense ar(>a and
comprising wharfs, piers, graving <U)cks, sea-walls, wet docks, locks and
gates, laleiy iiled with thi' Ilarlior ("ominission, in competition i'or the
prizes ollere',1 liy that hody for the he^t an<l m<i>t feas'hle. It strike.- me
as almo.-t ircre<litahl<' th.tt tlie.'-*^ improvements h.iv<' he(m put down at
low estimates of ahont live iiun(lre(l thousand dollars. It is a matter
of curio.sity to me hy wlrtt calculations that sum wa-^ arrive(l at hy certain
of the competitois.
The plan for di mming the St. Charles 1.}' the construction of ji wall
across its mouth i'; not original in concej)tion. V>y retViring to the jilan
of the late Mr. Wallace, hearing date Sejit. iL'th, KSo'), and lile<l with the
Harhor Commis>ioii, it will he seen that this was advocated hj' him. 'Hie
idea, is that of a wet-dock, and is open to many objections. Our long winter
season oonsiderahly shortens the working summer time, five months
generally heing allowed for the shipping interest of Quehec to get
through its work. It is therefore unnecessary to state how valuable time
is in this port, and that a moment cannot be spared in the <lespatch of
loading and discharging vessels. It must be taken into consideration that,
were this St. Charles do(>k built, it would have the eftect of keei)ing the
ice in the St. Charles for })iobably three weeks beyond the usual tmie. To
mieet the requii-'ments ol' the shipping the dock gates should have to be
opcm every tide, a proc(H^ding ivhich must lowo- the water m the dock to
an impracticable sh diowness. In iact, unless during the S] ring tides, it
would be almost impossible to allow of the entry antl outlet of vessels, for
T
the ncni> ti(l<s nro so low (lint ojxniiiir tlif jrato- tlion would empty tlip
<lock :ii!.l h'.n it a iis.'l.ss wast.-. TIik^ the dolav in tlu' «.i»onin<' ui-.d
slnittiiii: of thf ^latcs mu>t luiv." a (!i^.!sti'>.i> <.l}ccfon -hipi-in-;. Another
<|iieHtion wliiili would incvitalijy j.r . the ilUvt ol tl.e tloodii,^' of tl-r
j-lioi-chonf... St. «l,i,iN.> : tJM' (ban;.-!' ii would <-nu>(' tlir riiKuian pro-
I>ru'toi.-^, tiinlxT incrclijiiits. aj.d sliipLuiliUrs, loi- the inovt part, wl-i-rc
yards would I i- rcixUird us.-l.ss l,y Lciji^r oovrivd hy wator, Miid who
oortauuy would iiot t;uii<-ly s "niit lo a cuifailiufnt ot'^h.-ir rights, f ,lo
not lliiid< thtil the con^ihcCon of a u»l dork ;>t tlu- inouth' oC the St
('hark's woidd hciM-IU tiir shipping tiad<>. l'>ut (,>u.-h.M' is not without
')(>antH-s which luigh! <'asily in: tinned to an H<lv:intage, and among Mi€ m
J c'onsuler the I'ly J'/mk, ext<iidii!g iVoni (.anipson's five to I'oint-a-
Pizeati, as j.artieulai ly ad, jited to taoih inihroveiuent. The low d.^.th of
Water e<)vering it, r»-ndeis the <Mnstru<-tion 'oi' wliarln theroon simple and
uncostly, and tliere vess, Is eou o he iad« u and dischiu-rtMl at all times o'"
the tides in jierlect .-etuiity in m storms. With j.ontoon,^, a shun-
conn.etion and w. rehouses, the wharfs on the Fly Dank would prove
an enormous advai.tag.' to tin- shi| ping int.rest: Its eeutrality. oectij.v
ing a nuddle j)hi('(^ in the long line (.•■.|.)eks and coves, now iVermented hv
ve.ssels must he greatly . niianc.-..,|. when the construction of th(; North
Shore liadvv.'.y uj. the .-t. h.iwreuce shor,. will hriui: this shii.ping locality
into<^asy access with all the West. 'I he comparatively triHing co^t a\
which this Fly Bank improv, mi nt could he made is another advanta"e
not to he oyerlo<-'.i I. °
1.1 refeience to the Graving l)ock 1 consider that the mouth of the
St. Charles is the hest locality that ( oiiid ho chosen.
The. ilarho." Commissioners -hoiild nm he rash in their x-jcction of
the prize plans : the advantage,^ ol cich should he OareluUy wehdad and
the ultim.ite IxMU'lits <le:ived iVom Lh-'i- .adoptio!) iuade a, Mihieet of
<'alcidation and investigation.
i am, Mr,
Mi;i;(iAToil.
Queher, 2Gtli r)ee., 1,S7-!.
(7o ////• KOHor of ilie MnrniiKj (Vivmiiclr-.)
_ Dkai{ Sir,— As th(> .|iiestion of lin-l/oi- i:ni>rovement- at last heinw
seriously c,onsid(>red, 1 heg leav.'. tiirou-rh your v;duahle cohimus to
suhmit the- lollowing, namely : The huildmg of a hirge pier on tlie upner
end of Fly Bunk, ladow the outwud channel irom Woiie's Cove into
which vessels eouid di-charge the hallast with advi:r,ta <je, and hy yearly
MUgmentation of said pier downwards it would hecomo commodious
enough to hold all the coal which at present so blackens this part ot the
city, thereby altordiug the city a la.-ge space h)r improvement But thi«
1.- not ihe only bene;it to he derived f-um a pi(u- b..;„g b„iit there-
owners of steamers and oth.Tt,.. ft, besules -oein-j; put to groat iucon-'
venience an.l expense in sending their crafL <•() miles .and mor<' to winter
elsewhere, take away employment fiom Hundreds. idi<> about our own
port, whereas they would willingly winter their crafts unrler the Hank if
•'■ V\"''
8
the Harbor Commissioners would build said pier at the above mentioned
place, vvlien nature has evidently intended there should be one, with a
little artificial help.
1 would also su^'gest the necessity of having the inside channel
dredced lor the egress onoa<led vessels, which could be done at a tntiing
co3t as one to three feet in some places would suffice Of course it is
understood that a swing bridge, connecting the pier with the shore, be
constructed.
In consequence of the yearly increasingnumber of sea going steamers
at this port, sailing vessels' loading berths, are being bought up and rented
for their (the steamers) accouuiiod:ition ; so th it loading vessels berths are
becoming scarce yearly. Now most of the cnptains ^';:f;"g. ll nVThe
with large vessels, thouL'h having experienced inside of the bank as tHe
safest loading berths, often unwillingly have to load in ,^^P«««;^ P^J^^^'
owing to the little bit of dredging not bemg done yet, but which they,
as well as I, hope soon to see commenced.
I am, yours respectfully,
IMPROVEMENT.
Quebec, Gth April, 1875.
V
I k
m
■■
.\i
37,336
35,640
11,119
«
'^'
MOI
LfTH
THESm
i/x:
ALW
lEFS.
H
nd clj
r^eet
CBHBUa OF 1871.
POPULATION OF TBI I6tAMD.
( Ity of UontTMl 107,136
Countr of HochiilaRtt 1(,«4I>
Jwquei Owtier 11,17*
||(«nC1IKHCKS.
I. rrfiM h Pftii«b Church
(NotN D*me.)
J. Ocorge BiBhop » Co.'i
8t«UBUU\ogr*phtc
Bitsbllihment
OfHce of thn New
atj Mkp.
3. Congrej. NunnerT
4. Place d'Armei.
8, aeologioal HoMuui.
<. City Bank
I. BMik of UonUMl
a. New Post OMce
St. Lawrence Hall.
CcDtre Wesltyan M«-
thodiit Cbiircb.
Kordheimer'i Hall
(jueenn Statue.
.. MerchanU' Bank
14 Blahop'aHchool,(R.C.)
15 Albert Rulldiogi.
OtUwa Hotel
Hecbanica' Initltnte
Molion'ii Bank.
Bank of B. N A.
Post Office.
CaTcrbill'i Bnildlngt
British and Canadian
School, (Prot.)
Mercbanis Exchange
14. Montreal Tvlegrapli
Company.
Albion Hotel.
Huntrval House.
Custom House Square
Theatrv Kuyul.
Custom HoiiHi
Ji. Christian Hrothers'
Uohool, |K ('.)
31. CMi'Pt. Cli., (.V't- I
:I3
M
M.
3*
37.
M
3».
40
41
42
43
44
4t
4fi
48
4».
.M>.
51,
■■Si
53
54
55.
5fl.
57.
68.
59.
90.
«l.
62.
63
64
66
e7,
68
69
Jfwi«hT(yoaKog
Moi tr. al Drill ibad
ttt Gabriel Bt. Church
(Pres.)
Court House.
New I ity Hall.
JacqnesCartler Normel
School, (R C.)
MclMO's Monument
ln»titutl'anadien.
City Hall k Bonaeconrs
Market.
Bviisi'coura Church.
yutbec date Barracks.
L)«lli«|isie Square.
Vigcr Square.
. Hiispicede St. Vincent
de Paul.
Canadian Rubber Co
Works
Theatre.
Prcnch Protestant. Ch
. Trinity Church (Epis.)
Viger Cattle Market.
Kreiicli Pres. Church
St. Mary School, (RC)
Molson's Harracks and
St Thomas's Cliur.
(Kpis)
Pnpincau 8q k Uarke*
Jail
St. Luke's Ch., (EpIs.)
C iriht'nBroUiors'Sc'l.
Wesleyan Meth. Ch.
St Peter's Ch., (R. C.)
Sisters otMercy, (B.C.)
Providence Nunnaejr
St .lames Ch, (B.C.)
do School.
Convent of the Qo«d
Shepherd ( Bon Pas-
teur )
Weslef an Church.
St. Lawrence Market.
St. John's Oh., (Epis.)
, Protestant House of
Industry.
, St. Mary's Collegeand
Ch. of the Oesn.
. St. Patrick's Church,
(B.C.) and Asylums.
, Cb. of the Messiah,
(Unit.)
. Beaver Hall Square.
. Philips' Square.
. Ladies' Bonevoldnt
Institution.
Christ Ch. Cathedral
and School, (Epis.)
. Crystal Palace.
. Natural History So-
ciety Museum.
. Oymnaslum.
Protestant Orphan
Asylum.
Erskine Ch, (Pres.)
Victoria SkatlngRink
St. James' Club.
High School Gymna-
sium.
Burnside Hall, High
School.
St. Paul's Ch., (Pres.)
Normal k Model Scls.
St. Andrew's Church,
(Pres.)
First BaptistCburch.
Zion Church, (Cong.)
Bishop's Palace,
(R. C.)
Dorchester t. Wei.
Methodist Church.
American Presbyter-
ian Church.
St. George's Church,
(Epis.)
Convent Mt. St Mary.
St. Antoine MarkM.
St Joseph Ch.,(R.C.)
and Asylums.
Chaboillra Misiion
Church, (American
Presbyterian.)
American House,
Dominion Buildings.
Hay Market
. Ht. Anu's Market.
. St Stephen's Churo(»,
(Epis.)-
. New CItv Gm Work!.
. WcsleyKu Church.
. St. Ann s Ch., (K. C.)
. St Gabriel Market
. Canada Pres. Church.
. St JoHeph's, (K. C )
. Bonaveoture Station,
G. T. R
. Montreal Toung
Men's Christian >•-
sociatiou Building.
. Commercial Academy
(8. C.)
. Asile de Nanarem.
KnozChnrch,(Pr<i)
St. James' Cathedral,
(R. C.)
St Ann'' School,
(B. C.)
St. Ann's School,
(Protestant.)
Montreal Warehous-
ing Company.
St. Mark's Ch.,( Pre*.)
St.Jude's Ch., (Epis.)
Chalmer sCh., (Prai.)
St. Matthew's Church,
(Prw.)