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Un des symboles suivants apparaTtra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie cas: Ie symbols — »► signifie "A SUIVRE", Ie symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmte it des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film« d partir de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre d'images ntcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^84T^ ^^m^0mi^0^^^^^ 11 NOVA SCOTIA FORMERLY ACADIA THE ATLANTIC OCEAN PROVINCE OF TKE Dominion of Canada. AN INVITINa HOME FOR THE EMIGRANT FROM GREAT BRITAIN OR THE NORTH OF EUROPE. >^The Marvellous Country! The home of Evangeline where Blor„^^ looks dovn on the tides of Fundy, and over tracts of red soil, richer man Weald of Kent." MARquis of Lorne, Laie Governor-General of Canada. BY WII.l.IAM PRYOR. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA. 1884. i. N Tl D( A looks Weak pub: NOVA SCOTIA FORMERLY ACADIA THE ATLANTIC OCEAN PROVINCE OF THE Dominion of Canada. AN INVITINa HOME FOR THE EMIGRANT FROM aREAT BRITAIN OR THE NORTH OF EUROPE. "The Marvellous Country! The home of Evangeljne, where Blomidon looks down on the tides of Ftlndy, and over tracts of red sod, richer than the Weald of Kent." Marquis of Lorne, Late Governor-General of Canada. BY WILLIAM PRYOR. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA. 1884. L F/028 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Introduction Climate of Nova Scotia Has Nova Scotia a healthy climate Geographical Position Population and Resources Trade and Social Institutions Agriculture and Industries General features and commanding position on the Atlantic . Preparations for the voyage Considerations on arriving at Halifax Tables of statistics relating to Nova Scotia 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. The object of the following pages is to endeavour to afford to the intending emigrant, as briefly as possible, the reliable information so all moSS to^m in deciding on a removal from his native country to make a home^n a dsunt land, especially if he have a wife and family depending upon him , his object being supposed to be that of securing for himself and Sy a homestcid so situated as to afford a comfortable living and in af^ years, a desirable inheritance to those most dear to him It is thought, after makng himself acquainted with the information he will gather from the study of these pages, that the intending emigrant will conclude that Nova Scotia offers to him as fair a field for the realization of such hopes as any other part of America, if he take into consideration the healthfulness of the cl mate the variety of products, the facilities for transport and sale, the freaueTcv and cheapness of intercourse with the Mother Country, as well as weekly communication with the different parts of the United States and the West^ndies, &c. ; daily railway interourse not only through the Prov- ince itself, but with every ^^wn and Province of the Dominion of Canada, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. , No attempt will be made in the following pages to elaborate the several divisk)ns of the subject ; the object simply being to be as concise as pos Sble in giving the necessary information to emigrants, especially the heads of femUes respecting the character of the country-how they can get there- X thW wUl find on arrival-the kind of climate they will find-the general productions of the country-how they can obtain land and at what price- and above all, how, if necessary, they may obtain work and support them- telves and those dependent on them, until their first difficulties are sun^oumed. Nothing that has not been tested I actual experience will be recommended, every caution being used in no manner to mislead any emigrant by these pages. CHAPTER II. CLIMATE OF NOVA SCOTIA. The first question, a person or family contemplating a departure from home to anew country, asks, especially if the object is to m.ike a new home^ " What of the climate ? " " What is the general character of the seasons ? To the enquirer, if from Great Britain, or the North of Europe, the answer would be, "In Nova Scotia you will find a cl'^f ^ /^f .^^"f healthy and agreeable -colder at certain seasons than in England or Scot- land but the winters less uncomfortable than in the damp and cloudy atmosDheres of Great Britain. The thermometer ranges m winter, that is, troTNove^ber to April, from 35 above to 10 or :. degrees below ze,o_ The mean temperature of Halifax, the capital and the ocean port of the Dominion is 43° Fahrenheit. The pean temperature of the spring is 51 1 \^^^ degrees. The spring commences in April, generally considered the most unpleasant month in the year. Freciuent changes of wind to the south or south-west bring warm breezes from the ocean and the Gulf stream that sweeps past the coast to the east, often producing while they last an agree- able change to jierfect summer weather After seed time, vegetation is rapid during the latter part of May ana June. Harvest commences early in August, and the autumn is unsurpassed for its exhilarating and beautiful weather. Winter may be said to com- mence about the middle of December, and after St. Patricks Day (17th March) the spring robins are again looked for and fine sunny days, for as in Ireland, so in Nova bcotia, " Paddy, (proverbially,) turns up the warm side of the stone." CHAPTER III. HAS NOVA SCOTIA A HEALTHY CLIMATE. A very important question for every person leaving his native home to seek an abode in a new land, especially if the welfare of a fannly is concerned, is " What of the healthfulness of the climate ? ' On this important point an intending emigrant may be assured that the climate of Nova Scotia is proverbially favourable to general good health and longevity, where the most ordinary regard is paid to regularity of livmg ; full bodily health and unimpaired mental faculties being frequently found at seventy- five and eighty years, and it is no uncommon occurrence to see recorded the deaths of persons of both sexes at the ages of ninety and ninety-five years in different counties of the Province. Halifax has been for the past hundred years a large military and naval station, and has always had the reputation of being the most healthy station for both army and navy of any of the British possessions. The death rate in Nova Scotia from the statistics which have been published is more favourable than that of Great Britain. The climate may, therefore, be considered very healthy. The only thing to be guarded against, especially on the sea coast, is exposure to colds bringing on lung disease, which is avoided by proper care in change of clothing to meet the sudden changes of weather in early spring, the frequent days of bright sunshine then causing danger of carelessness in this respect, especially in a new comer not ac- customed to the fluctuations of temperature at that season. \ t CHAPTER IV. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. The next important point is to have a clear conception of the situation of the country and how it may be conveniently reached— the general length of time of the passage from England— at what port to embark, and the most convenient port to land at. Very vague ideas with respect to the geogra- phical situation of Nova Scotia have prevailed in Europe, but with the more frequent intercourse consequent on the introduction of ocean steam navigation and the rapid development of the Dominion of Canada, this is i / 3 ^'pin^ti!""' »'^,-; ^>' '°°^'"« "' ^"y ^'^^'•t o^ the North Atlantic it will be nor? f^K Hffa.''.. the capital city of Nova Scotia, and the SV Atlantic port of the Dommion .s nearer to Great Jiritain th;n any other cLmercS port in America ; and, as to climatic position, it is situated over r^^! /. Me souM of the British Isles, and l^ot next' io the North Ze iHt us d to be generally considered; and as to length of vovaTe .n/l fhl ? reqmred, intending travellers or emigrants em^barkTng Tf fir'lls^^^^^^^ steamer may often enjoy their Sunday morning devotions rirdand w The PortTHflY """ r ^'^f '""7'"^ ^^'^^^ at Halifax ''"'' '"' Ihe Port of Halifax is situated in the latitude of 44° 40' N and 67° ,,' west longitude, and lies nearly in the centre of the Southern Attn. -^ ^ hne of the Province, extending about .50 miles, tdrun^^^^^^^ and S W. from Cape Sable on the west to Cape Canso on^the ea { from the south coast of the island of Cape Breton to the Gu f o? St Lwreice SCO if besides Cork' ,? r"'°°' f '^L '''' ""''' ^''' '^ embark^fo? Nova rha?p;,rS HaHfax ""'''' ''' '''''"'''' ^''^"^^ "-^'^ between CHAPTER V. POPULATION AND RESOURCES. islan^of r;°n.^ P°'f '"' ^' P'^f "* ^^'^"^ 440,000 inhabitants, including the island of Cape Breton, annexed to Nova Scotia in tSto Q.'r.^^ n cj t»„ of all the British North American Pmvin«s i"„' 8%; ftTa^poSo; fishing banks at short distances from their mouths """^^ peat variety of shell fish, especially Lobsters and OysLrs li abundance Immense quantities of the former are now canned for export o Europe n Ji.'K '"'''^' coal mines of Nova Scotia are well known. The e are at present, being worked to a considerable extent, there being a vearlv incr;;.f ing demand for coal supplie: for the numerous ocean sSers and a^so S; the factories and fuel supply generally of Quebec and OmZZ The coal is abundant, and of varied and excellent quality Iron mines abound, and will doubtless be, in the near fiihire l=,r„«i,, worked At present, the Acadia Iron and Sted vCs Tthe S^ h f if l^^h^v'^f'^^'-'^pPT^T^S.^^^^^ •'•°" °^ ^^ry superior qualty which ?s highly valued in England, and are largely extending their works fhnT K .^"""^ ^'°''"" -^^^^ ^^"^^ ^^^ ^1«" worked to a profitable extent Lfanfy. '" '"^P"^"' '"^"^^^^ '"^^ ^^ ^«"«^^^-^' - yet 'to be onirin ?^ The products of the Forest— Spruce and Pine fJmh«r tr..^„--^-1 '>.,, I^ths and Palings are manufactured and shipped at the various outports of tho Province, as well as at the Port of Halifax, where they are brought to the side of the ships by the Int^'rcoionial Railway. This industry employs a large number of men, as doe.s also the ever-extending work at the various coal mines and gold mines, and good wages are paid. The i)resent population of the City of Halifax is estimated at over 40,000. Its harbour, as before stated, is unsurpassed in every re([uisite that constitute a tirst-rate, safe and easily approached entrance from the broad Atlantic. A steamship making the land, may in an hour or two be safely landing her mails, passengers and cargo at her dock, with the utmost convenience, the passengers stepping from the ship's side into a covered reception room and thence into the railway cars, which take them to their further destination, or into the coach for their hotel or lodging. There are no tides, currents, or other obstructions to prevent this being done at any hour of the day or night. In the day time with fine weather in summer the entrance to and sail up the harbour is most inviting and picturesque, especially when approacing the city, which is built upon a gentle ascent, and extends along its front about two miles from south to north, surmounted by a beautiful green hill or mound, on which stands Fort George, built of massive granite, and well worthy of a visit not only for its extensive and massive work, but also for the splendid view it com- mands of the city, harbour and surrounding country. Directly opposite the city lies the growing town of Dartmouth, and look- ing up the harbouT, above the naval dockyard, railway depot, and what is called " The Narrows," a splendid basin or upper harbour opens to view, about eight or nine miles long and five or six broad, where, it has often been remarked, the whole navy of Great Britain could safely ride at single anchor. At the head of this Basin, lies the rising and beautifully situated town of Bedford, encircled with forest foliage, the summer resort of the residents of Halifax, for its bathing facilities. The Intercolonial Railway passes through Bedford, and there is a convenient passenger station— a large flour mill and elevator, a spool and box factory, and several grocery establishments. Here is also a Government fish breeding establishment for breeding salmon to restock the waters and rivers of the Provmce. Many thousands of the young fish are annually deposited in the rivers and bays of the Province. There is good haddock and mackerel fishing in and around Bedford Basin, and in the neighbouring lakes and rivers are found abundance of trout. CHAPTER VI. TRADE ANt) SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS. In a work like this, designed principally to satisfy the inquiries of the anxious emigrant seeking an inheritance in a new land, it is deemed best to be as concise as possible on those subjects of which only a general know- ledge is required. It is sufficient, therefore, to remind him here with respect to the trade and intercourse of Nova Scotia with other countries, that the Province is situated with the broadest side of it facing the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and that Halifax, the capital, is so placed on her southern sea-coast as to be the nearest commercial seaport in America to I Great Britain as well as to the rest of Euroue VV^*.n th^ r,«„» \t .u West of the Dominion is fairly opened up there i's a urosnlt f- H y/'''^ a tr.de with the world that caino't at preLnt'lL LXX /n in tho^h^^ With the knowledge of thm fact before him, and also that s^ n?l& days' passage m a first-class ocean steamer will bJing hhn to Halit^x t emigrant may be well assured that in leaving his country for Nova ScoJiat. IS seeking no distant outlandish foreign country but is onlv^^n ? of the outlying counties of the old land ^' ^ ^^'"« ^"^ °"^ The present trade of Nova Scotia, especially that from the harbour of HaJifax, one of the best and easiest of approach in the worfd is moLfJ with Europe, the West Indies, Brazil and the UniteS sLte7 6r^ anTone &^i^L"::ot^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Sn^^^^cii^s;^-:;^ -' '- ^^^ ^ss^h^!:: The imports of Nova Scotia for the fiscal year ending hine ^oth i8«, were $8,153,089 Of these, $3,740,839 were from St Britain The $1^68,000, showing the great increase of trade with those countr?eT With regard to the social institutions of the Province-Sous Edu cational Political, and Judicial, they are in all essential anSs'tandal points the same as m Great Britain In this re-^np^T fSl • Free schools are provided by the Government of the Province in everv district, where there are children to educate. There are nov aboit f ,nn pubhc schools in operation in the Province, whiirthewerithtst classes may'sdect!'"""''' ""T '' ^' ^^^^^^°- ^^ -^ occupadon'ShfeX tJ!';!^''''^^''^'^; u^^'y ™^" ^^' ^ "g'^t to his own religious views • all that IS required of h.m is to be a law-abiding and peaceful dd"en and hi will command respect, no matter what his creed may be. To ni countrv m the world, can the emigrant be directed where he will find greater dvU and religious liberty than in Nova Scotia. ^ CHAPTER VII. AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRIES. pitchiJiTof his°ln^n"'"'°'' '""'T' i" ^" ^™*g^^"t contemplating the f'wu ? 1, „ T^ I V" ^ "^"^ ^"^ unknown land across the ocean is What shall I find there to do.?" " How shall I with the leas? dekv and Sr oVtrof^r Vw/n"" " -PJoy-ent, to provide for n/ o'^' Tf i;. L f ^ ^"''•^' ,'^^^" ™y ^'"^^ "^eans are exhausted ?" M.L I . fanner or agricultunst, he may rest assured that the climate of ^urluits' Th'e .IsLT' ^''^ ^T'''^' '^'^"^^^^ admirably adapt d to hU pursuits. The usual products ot temperate climates are brought to market in as great oerfecton «« m a.^n* v>^.^: ., . urougni to market in as great perfection as in Great Bntain or th ,^ *^^^«*4-t«n*>»« — loriiiern i;OUiitrics of Europe, as he will easily have an opportunity of seeing by attending one of the agricultural exhibitions, or going through one of the vegetable markets at Halifax. In the production, quality and quantity per acre of hay, bai-ley, oats, buckwheat and potatoes, Nova Scotia is upon a par with any part of Canada or the United States, and it is affirmed ' y all agricultural professors who have travelled over the Province, that the present farms of Nova Scotia might be made to double their products, if a more scientific system of tillage was more generally adopted. The evil is, that, in nearly all cases, too much land is attempted to be brought under tillage and there is want of system, ignorance of the laws of rotation, and above all, want of economy in the preservation of fertilizers and of skill in their proper appli- cation, and carelessness in ihe treatment of live stock. Of late years, the greater efficiency of the country and central agricultural societies, is help- ing to remedy these important defects. The most comprehensive and correct view of the extent of the agricul- tural and dairy products, and the live stock of Nova Scotia, will be found in the Tables taken from the census returns of 1881, which are given in the appendix. In the last report o: the Central Board of Agriculture of Nova Scotia, it is stated that the number of county agricultural societies in 1882, was eighty-six, number of members, 4,770; amount subscribed, $5,663; and Government Grant $6,480. Nearly all the societies reported some action for the improvement of stock. Never, perhaps, since the first settlement of the Province to the present time, has 'arming in all its branches offered better promise of speedy re- muneration, as owing to the well conducted and efficient railway system running in every direction, and the frequent running of the coast steamers every product can be brought to market with little cost and great facility • consequently with profit. Beef, pork, butter, vea), lamb, hay, cheese' poultry, eggs, potatoes and large quantities of apples are brought to market m six, twelve or eighteen hours and sell rapidly af from fifty to 100 percent higher prices than twenty years ago. This is largely due to the rapid increase of the ocean steam ship service ; large provision supplies being required for the hosts of passengers to and from Europe, United States, Bermuda, West Indies, Newfoundland, &c., as well as in the season the southern cotton laden steamers, calling at Halifax on their route to Europe for coal and other supplies, and also to the great facilties for export offered by sucn a port as Halifax. Occasional large shipments of live stock for the English market, add to the requirements for hay and fodder, and there is every prospect of this demand increasmg. Halifax has also for six months of the year the fleet on the North American station in her harbour, besides the garrison main- tained there and this adds also largely to the demand for supplies of farm products. The emigrant may say, this is well for the established farmer, out my anxiety is to know how I am to support myself or family until I can become such. Professor Johnson, of Durham University, in his "Notes on North America, Agricultural, Economical and Social" says : " Two ^^ things cannot be too strongly impressed upon those who are about to ^^ emigrate— i-irst. that those who wish to get through the world easily and are not prepared for privations and hard work, had far hf^^^^r ctat. at tending one ; vegetable acre of hay, ar with any agricultural :nt farms of re scientific , in nearly e and there all, want of oper appli- ; years, the ies, is help- he agricul- )e found in iven in the Dva Scotia, 1882, was ,66s ') and )me action he present speedy re- ray system : steamers, at facility ; ly, cheese, to market o per cent > the rapid plies being ed States, season the to Europe 3rt offered et, add to jct of this r the fleet 3on main- ;s of farm id farmer, ily until I lis "Notes : " Two about to easily and ;r stay at " wages, till he learns where he can hone J?h Lin ' ''''"^ moderate '* to Dlace himsplf " Thio • ^ ?P- ' ^^ ^"^^'^ means, most happ ly large of Us kmd, as in any part of North ALTfca a^d theTrice"he^^^^ receive for his productions considerably larper owine to tL hrafin/ creasing demand almost at his very door ^ ""'^^ ^"^ '"■ thFlT "-P"'^' °^ Professor Johnston and Professor Dawson we extr.rf S^nvitTdTTeV"'"^^"-^^" '°^"^^^ gentCa'^ha^fniren falTg^c'aStles'^o^ '^ -^^' -P-^' and lectureln the COMPARATIVE TABLE OF PRODUCE PER ACRE. Wheat, Barley, Oats, Rye, Buckwheat, Indian Corn, Potatoes, Turnips, Hay, tons . . . bushels. New York State. 14 16 26 H 14 25 90 88 Ohio State. 15{ 24 16J H 69 Canada West. 12| I7i 24| m 24| 84 New Br'nswiok Nova Scotia. H 20 29 34 20^ 33^ 41 226 400 1| 25 to 39 to 35 to 35 to 40 to 33 40 45 45 45 200 to 300 400 to 600 IJto 2 ^Z^! •^"''^ "J^'^^v ^^ ^^^ Government for the Crown lands in Nova par ot farming, especially in the western counties^ LaSeship« market wfs !^hZ'fJ Jf ' ^'""^ °^ ^^P'^" ^"'^^^ *« the London Snina J ,, tl KM,^'''™ ^,.*'' 4°°'°°° barrels, the best varieties selling at 22 to 24 shillings sterling per barrel. The fruit is carefi llv shipped by steamer from Annapolis, and reaches iLdon in pLe c^ndtion in ten or eleven days, and the Nova Scotian apples are now Xed in tSe Enghsh market above all other American apples ^ the cuhiv^'IionT ^r''"" ^^' "°'. ^""" ^ ^^^g^ wheat-producing country- the cultivation of other grams and of fruit and vegetables being found to s7aL and terSies ' ' ^'"'"' '"^ ^"^^^^ '' ^^^ ^^'^ --"^ -"^^^ In the growth of rye, oats, buckwheat, barlev. hav. nntatnp« ..^ ;„ dairy proaucis, only the more populous of the United States are'in advance 8 of Nova Scotia, while in the yield of potatoes, of which large quantities of superior quality are exported to the United States, West Indies, &c., she leaves twenty-three of the states behind her. Of late years, owing to the exertions of the agricultural societies, the evils that rendered the farming of Nova Scotia not as profitable as it should have been, have, in a measure been remedied. Stock husbandry is now more largely attended to, and will doubtless become profitable and extensive for " Nova Scotia is a grazing country, and considering her extent, ranks first among the Provinces of the Dominion." CHAPTER VIII. GENERAL FEATURES OF NOVA SCOTIA AND COMMANDING POSITION ON THE ATLANTIC. Nova Scotia, as will be observed by reference to the map is situated on a peninsula, forming the soutliern fore front, and Atlantic Ocean outlet of the Dominion of Canada either by the Intercolonial Railway at all seasons of the year or in the summer season only from the St. Lawrence, by a passage between Newfoundland and Cape Breton. The Province of Nova Scotia is of a triangular form, in length about 250 miles and the greatest breadth no miles. The surface is generally undulating with a few moun- tainous ranges. Few countries so abound in rivers and picturesque lakes ; the latter (numbering over 400) affording an abundance of trout and salmon fishing. As has been before observed, Halifax is the nearest point of communication with Europe, of any port in America, is an open port at all seasons and in the direct line of vessels sailing between Northern Europe and America, and the ocean mail route between Great Britain and the Dominion of Canada. Halifax is situated in Lat. 44. 40 N, Long. 63.27 W. ; and the important position it occupies in the highway of trafiic between Europe and America, cannot fail to be observed. The whole southern coast of Nova Scotia is indented with numerous bays and good harbours, from Cape Sable to Louisburg in Cape Breton, affording great convenience to the fishing and coasting vessels. Few, if any countries iu the world, are so favoured in this respect as Nova Scotia ; indeed, her fine harbours and geographical position renders her eminently fitted for extensive commerce, and her resources are valuable and abundant, agricultural, fishhg, lumbering, mining and ship building. As a grazing country, as before remarked. Nova Scotia ranks first consi- dermg her extent among the Provinces of the Dominion. In the yield of hay and potatoes, she is far in advance of either of the other older Pro- vinces of the Dominion, or the States of the neighbouring republic. The Province is divided into eighteen counties, and there is at all times nd seasons rapid and convenient intercourse between them as well as with the other Provinces, and communication by telegraph with all parts of the world. By the Intercolonial Railway, which is unsurpassed in efficiency on the continent, Nova Scotia has uninterrupted communication with all the other Provinces and the different States of the Union. So situated, with the broad Atlantic to the South, with her varied and rich resources, »^P=^- ttX'i-^ -r:. -- '0 ^:^e a^o .sja. ..„ a :anding CHAPTER IX. PREPARATIONS FOR THE VOYAGE It is doubtless prudent o Iv rf^^^ suitable clothing, but beyoidthiLLt?'^'^^^ 'f^^ °^ g°°d warm difficulty, or l.ule increased rnt ■ k^ '^'^ '"'"''^^ ^^at he will find no nee^e^, and wi have the 'latTdvT^^^^^^^^^ all necessary articles ^Aen enable him to look about hiCuieUvand^lf ^ -^"^^ "^°'' '■"^^>' "^^^^^ ^o take, whether for a Xle To^oht in . ^f ^^''"'"^ \^P0" the best course to settle himself on a hired farm wo k LT^l^'T"' '" '^' "^^^ °^ ^°"ntry, on a partly cleared lot tie shou d "ft 1 '^ u '' °' P"'^^^^" "^^ ^^"^ himself in communSation with th ' ■ • ^' °" ^'' ^"^^^^ ^^ Halifax, put vincial agentsXse duty it w II hefnT-^'T"" ^^""'' «^ «"« °f ^^e pro- at once, fo the most sut^e tddng^ 'toTe m^an^^"'" ^'^"^- '^ ^^^^'^^ ment, or of ascertaining whltZftnfil.''^^'''''''''''^ ^'"Ploy- views. This all reouires som/ ,>£ .• I ''°''"*'>' ^'^^^^ ^^st suit his observed, the morlTS^^^^^^^ consideration, and as before have to consider them tSu^hlv I J h. ^^''''u' ^^e more time he will soon find employS aTonl the rln^l^f T^^"'"' ^e will doubtless ments in the city o7 counts ^f\ iK?^ developmg mdustrial establish- shipping or builLgs wnUenemlV'aSi?^^ '^' ^h^-^«' If a skilled artisan^ there f rfsuiar co fnn «, i"^^ '^'''} ^.' ^^^d wages, the city and neighbourhood 7the female Tt'of^Mff ^'^'"^ "''"^ ^^ tomed, or will adapt themselves to hr!,?liS , '' ^^""'^y- ^'^ ^^^"s- sides are open for ready emnWm.n. ^f'^'^^f^ ^^^-^^ opportunities on all is generally better oatd in T^Zq . ' T^ ^^^^' labour of all kinds, joiners receive dg^hfsSli^r'ter^^^^^^ n"1 '" ^t""^' ^^^P^"^^- -"^ brick layers, aboufthe samf and l^t ^^° "^"l^^'' ^ ^^y' "^^^^n^ or pence sterling a day VSr^erv.nti.''' ,f°"' ''l'"^"^' '° ^°"^ ^"^ six- harvest, are inSereoTst ^H 'u^f'^^^^^ '^^ ^^^«°" of crop, or six shillings iterl nf orTe d«^f,/'"\^^ ^l ^" fi"^d for their work, earn lodging, L if sobi,"st;ady In^trusfwo^thf ^m fi'nJ ""'n'r? ^'^^ getting steady employment all the year r^^^^^^^ ^'" ^"^ "° ^'^^^^'^^ ^" lablur tTeldflat'e anTan'nui!f "'^^^ ''^""' ''' ^^'"^^ -^ other five mines n workbf ordt T^^^^^^ mcreasmg. There are about six - withtetr ally imp o'K:^^^^^^ ^-^- - ^'-^^ -creasing The cost of living in Noiw- J" ^°' ^on^^^^Pt'on and export. we have nJ^^:^IZ!^:'r^^';i:^<^^l^±-^^ fhe good nSges hve ve^ comfortably. A list of^market pVic^nvmbe^SiSTSi^^^S: 10 Enoiife'h has been said to show that industry and peaceful living will be sure to reap a rich reward in any occupation in Nov^ Scotia . Emigration is not to be understood as a mere refuge from privation It i-^ too commonly expected that the removal to a new country will lead at once to prosperity and riches. If the emigrant thinks tl^at the mere change of honen'i.tfiPTl ^ ''^"^^ of fortune that struggle and disappointed hope are the fixed characteristics of one Hemisphere, and success, wealth and happiness those of another-if he believe that in his flight, he may fnS^ /"flT",^"^ '"^J' ^"^^"ergy, yet become comfortable and independent, he looks on the whole question from a false light, and has grievously mistaken the economic effects of emigration. '' The new count^v ffter T. rS /^'''^ spontaneously the elements of success ; it is merely^ alter all, a held for exertion. •^' The question of climate has already been treated of, in a former chapter pleas'ant.^'^"' """ thoroughly rely on that of Nova Scotia as healthful and CHAPTER X. CONSIDERATIONS ON ARRIVAL. th.^^r^ ^' i^^l'/^^' ^"^ stepping on shore, avoid the bustle and crowd at the wharf and railway terminus; it is advisable for the emigrant esoeciallv If he intends to take a little time to look around him, no^rbe^n T hur y The mails delivered, and the passei.gers by rail despatched, he can then inquire at his leisure of the Government Immigrant Agent or anvresnec? able person to recommend him to quiet lodginfs. tL^ advan'agUXva Scotia offers to settlers have been briefly sit forth in the foSng pages ludVe foTSeV"'^^^^^^ undetermined and desire to look'aroLS judge tor himself. Weighing the matter carefully, it will be for him to iSesVol^n't" '"^'fT^^-^ ''''F'^' ^°^'^ ^-' has to off" n xacilities for planting land, cheapness, and m some things larger crop, are ?ue Td" I'n T'^^r^^t'^'^d' \'^' ™^ °f g°°d water,'scarcerfess of market for aTfrnH '7 '"tTl' ^"^ ^^'° '"^ '^^ ^^fife^^»^« ^^ the ready market for all products, which the nearness to the shipping port offers -nd the superior social, educational and religious advantages of ^theolderproW fro'm HJh-r " "^'i? "^^' ^ '^"^">'- ^^^ «^ ^^"-^ hLrs journey V raXay from Halifax, will give a view of the country west for 120 mil«s to the enlfeTr;r?o?";'^%°( Annapolis, and a sinJ^^lar joumey°easlward v^ll enable him to judge of the farming capabilities of the land in that direction SurSrTr'"^'""? information from some of itf inte ligeni e?en a Ih^ ted 1 '^^^'f^'^^^ have a knowledge of market gardeningind fow nrJn^« . T""' of money, he will find suitable lots of land at very goX^od^nd w>h '"'" '"^ twenty-five acres cleaned, and the remainder pu?chrsed arfmm y-r"".' "^^T^^^' ^^^ ^°"^^^ ^"d «"thouses may be TheTe are ofteHm-f • ""A'f '''^'^'''^ °" ^^«>' terms of payment, other cases wW^h/ '1 ^^\ ^°' "''-^'"j' ^^^^^ ^«^i"'^*^ to be sold, in °o Ihe Noi-Th Wei^ .1 '%7 been enticed away by glowing descriptions to the JN 01th West or the Umted States, and the old peoole being left alone, desire to sell out at even half the value of their fanm^ ^ 11 A single man without means who wishes tn nht^,„ • ^• turai employment, can go in any direction in fh.P ™'''^^'¥^ ^g"^"^- good wages with' board. Subjofnedwrbe found t'i^'' "."^u ^^^ '' ^' values of sterling money and Canaln currency "lisoof^f the relative products or Nova Scotia and Us fisheries:r^obtt^ed^f t^J^^^^^^^^^ MONEY TABLE. Sterling Money 10 11^ 14 9^ 9 7 7 lU 2,054 15 10| ^^ItwU^e^JhatMsJb Jmlf^^ ce-^t^^almoirii^atl^ ACREAGE AND STATE OF LAND OCCUPIED. CensHS 1881. Occupied Improved '.'.".". 5,396,382 acres. Under Crop 'and Pasture 1,880,664 " Orchards and Gardens. •*• ^8:.9,020 -' 21,624 " PRODUCTS OF THE MINE— NOVA SCOTIA Gold Silver '.'.'."" 15,167 ounces. Copper Ore.. ^^ " Manganese . . 2,000 tons. Coal. 316 Gypsum 1,013,345 Phosphate Lime.'.'..'.'.".".*.*.'."."; ^'^^'?fi Building Stone .!...". " * * * It 214,819 « 12 LIVE STOCK OF NOVA SCOTIA. CenniB 1881. Horses 46^044 Col<^8 11^123 Working Oxen 33,276 Milch Cow^ 137 q^q Other Horned Cattle "..'.'*.'. 154|689 *>heep SStIsoI «wine 47^256 Wool sold 1,142,440 lbs. Honey sold 14^^45 « FIELD PRODUCTS OF NOVA SCOTIA. Cena«» 1881. 5»y 597,731 tons. 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