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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document sst filmi au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy filmad hara haa baan raproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: Library of Parliament and the National Library of Cannda. L'axamplaira filmA fut raproduit grAca k li ginirosit* da: La BIbliothique du Parlement et la Bibliothdque nationale du Canada. Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in icaaping with tha filming contract spacificationa. imagaS'SMh^antaa ont Mi raproduitas avac la plua grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattati da l'axamplaira filmi. at 9n Ronformiti avac laa conditiona du contrat da filmaga. Original copiaa in ^rintad papar covars ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with s printsd or illustratad impraa- sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad impraa> sion. and ending on tha last paga with a printad or illustrstad imprassion. Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la c^uvartura 9n papiar aat imprim4k sont filmis an commanpant par la pramiar plat at 9n tarminant soit par la damMra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'lllustration, soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Toua laa autraa exampiairas originaux sont filmia an commenpant par la pramiira paga qui comporta una amprainta dlmprassiop ou d'illustrstion at an tarminant par la damiira paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Tha laat racordad frama on aach micraflcha shall contain tha symbol ««» (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (maaning "END"), whichavar appiiaa. Un daa symbolas suivants apparaitra sur la damiira imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la caa: la symbols — «»> signifia "A SUIVRE", la symbols V signifia "FIN". Mapa, plataa, charts, ate. may ba filmad at dif^arant raduction ratioa. Thoaa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand comar. laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama illustrata tha mathod: Laa cartaa. ptanchaa. tablaaux. ate, pauvant itra filmAa i daa taux da rMuction diffirants. Lorsqua la documant aat trap grand pour itra raproduit 1% un saui cllchA. 11 aat filmi i partir da I'angia supMaur gaucha, da gaucha i droita. at da haut 90 baa, an pranant la nombra d'Imagaa nicaasaira. Las diagram mas suivants illuatrant la m^hoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 NOVA SCOTIA SCHOOL SERIES. 2. ELEMENTARY BOOK-KEEPING, 3B"2- SINGLE ENTRY. ^ \n rvo y^A^ yx/%h\ feuU ' HALIFAX, N. S. 1875. Entered according to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year 1875, in the Office of Ministerof Agriculture. f \ I I PREFACE. f \ Boolc-KEEPiNG does not receive that attehtioh in our schools which its importance demands. Every one, no natter what may be his occupation, should keep an accurate record of his dealings With others, so that at any time, by reference to his books, he can see how mu^ch he owes and how much 18 owing to him. tte should also keep an account of his cash transactions, that he may know at the end of each month or year the amount of money he has received fVom every source, and in what ways he . has expended that money. The Want of system and accuracy in these matters often leads to reckless expenditure and financial ruin. A farmer Who keeps no record of his dealings wif h the merchant or the blacksmith is surprised, at the end of the year, at the hugeness of his account. He is sure that he owes no such Bum, although he is not prepared to dispute the correctness of any one item» A correct and systematic record ot debt aiid credit, of cash receipts and expenditures, will lead to a more careful estimate of one's financial condition, t)f what can be afforded and what can not', and it will lead one to look back over his list of purchases and consider whether his money could not have been expended to better purpose. It is not supposed or designed that this little work shall supersede the larger and more complete text books on Book-keeping which are now in use, and which are needed to give that knowledge required in more extended mercantile business. The object is rather to promote the study of this im"- portant branch of practical education, by taking Up ground which has never been occupied. The aim is to present, iu cheap form, such a simple and eoncisc system of keeping accounts by " Single Entry *' as will adequately meet the wants of that large number of boys and girls in our schools, who are now wholly neglecting the study. In the following pages, that the learner may acquire as thorough and practical a knowledge of Book-keeping as possible, examples are first pre- sented for his inspection, showing him how to recoid different kinds of transactions in the various books employed; he is then required to take similar transactions and write up the Day Book, Cash Book, Bill Book, and Ledgef, according to the examples furnished. He will not, therefore, have the opportunity of copying the work from the text book, but will be com- pelled to exercise his judgment as to the book in which the account should be entered) and the form in wbich it should be written. CONTENTS. FAJEVr I- The Day Book .... The Cash Book The Bill Book .... The Ledger. The Balance Sheet Mercantile Terras Abbreviations ... • • • « ■ « • • • • • • • ••• ttfft • V • • • • < • 40 • • • • • ••• •••• • # • • • • • • • • • « ■ «•«• #••• Paor 5 .... 6 7 a . . . 8 11 .... 11 13 • ••V •••'• I>-A.I^T II. lULXTSTRATlVE EXAMPLES Memoranda • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The Day Book The Cash Book The Bill Book .... lodex to the Lodger . . . The Ledger .... Balance Sheet Mercantile Forms • a « • ■ # • »•«• •••• • « • • « • • . « « • • a < « • • • \0 17 .... 20 20 .... 22 23 ... 25 25 I>A.I^T III- EXAMPLES EOR PRACTICE. Memoranda. . . . • •tfd ••#• •••< ■ • • a A i7 BOOK-KEEPING. P^RT I. EXPLANATIONS. It frequently happens that payment is not made for articles bought or sold at the time of the transaction. The purchaser is then in debt ; he is said to be a debtor, and the seller is creditor. It is not safe to trust such business transactions to memory. The art of recording them in systematic form is called Book-keeping. The following illustration shows liow records are made : — Thomas White, on the 15th January, sells to John Poor 3 cwts. of hay at 65 cents per cwt., and 5 bushels of potatoes at 45 cents per bushel. Poor has sawed wood for him two days at $1.25 per day. White writes in his book, — January 15th, 1875. John Poor, Dr. To 3 cwts. hay @ 65 cts SLa*^ 5 bushels potatoes @ 45 cts 2.25 4 20 Cr. By 2 days sawing wood @ $1.25 Poor writes in his book, — Thomas White, Dr. To 2 days sawing wood @ $1.25 Cr. By .3 cwts. hay @ 65 cts 5 bushels potatoes at 45 cts. January loth, 1875. $1.95 2.25 50 50 20 The number of books employed in Book-keeping depends on the i.ature and extent of the business ; those in general use are the Day Bool', the Cash Boolf, the Bill Book, and the Ledger. The records made should show correctly, clearly, an:l concisely the state of one's business, — or the property of different kinds which he owns ; whom he owes, witli the amounts due each ; and who owes him, with the amounts due from each. The Day Book contains all the debit and credit transactions in the order in which they occur, and with the proper date. Unless a Memorandum Boole is kept for the purpose, it is well at the com- mencement of the Day Book to make a statement of property owned and of debts at that date. Articles bought and paid for in full at the time of purchase are not entered in the Day Book. Transactions in which debt and credit arc not equal must be stated in full, and not 6 BOOK-KEEPING. dimply tho balance or excess of the greater. In the Day Book, tin- date should be placed at the top of the page, and needs not be repeat- ed on the same page with each account ; but when a nuw date occur.^ on the page it should be placed above the account and not in the margin. The following are two pages from Thomas White's Day Book :— Truro, January 15th, 187.5. 1 John Poor, Dr. To 3 cwts. hay @ 65c 5 bushels potatoes @ 45c Cr. By 2 days sawing wood @ ifl. 25 .Tames Wilson, Dr. To 14 bushels oats @ 58c. Jan. 16. Frank Parker, Cr. By 5 gals.' Kerosene oil @ 45c. 2i yds. Cans la Tweed @ $1.60 Dr. To 2 cords wood @ $2.50 John Poor, Dr. To 5 lbs. butter @ 28c Truro, Jan. 16th, 1875. To 1 cow James Crowe, Dr. Jan. 18th. Frank Pabkbr, Dr. To man and team one day Cr. By 5 lbs. tea @ 45c James Crowe, Cr. By Note of Hand (see B. B, ) James Wilson, Cr. By cash on account 19th. Frank Parker, Cr. By 25 yds. carpet @ $1.65 18 yds. black silk @ $1. 75 Dr. To Cash Note of Hand (see B. B.) By 1 sleigh repairing sled To 1 ton hay Jan. 19. David Webster, Cr. Dr. $1.95 , 2.25 $2.25 4.00 $41.25 31.50 $23.25 50.00 $35.00 1.50 20 50 12 25 00 40 45 00 3 00 2 25 45 00 8 12 72 75 73 2!^ 36 50 14 Od BOOK-KKKPIXO. The Cash Book contains, on the left hand page, a record of cash held on coiiimencing business, and of all cash receipts ; on the right hand page, a record of all cash payments. Tho dates are placed in the margin. The left hand page is called tho debtor side, and the right hand the credit side. The propriety of this will bo evident, if vve think of tho caah-hox or safe as a person witli whom an account is opened for debt and credit. The first entry in the Cash Book must always be on tlic debit side, as cash must be received before it can be disbursed ; for a similar tx'ason, tho amount on the credit side can never exceed that on the debit side. If the two sides are equal, there is no cash on hand ; the excess of the debit side shows the amount held. The Cash Book should be carried along simultaneously with the Day r)Ook. Cash received on cash sales, or paid on casli purchases, that is when full payment is made at the time of the transaction, is entered in the Cash Book only. When the cash does not correspond with the amount of the purchase or sale, and when cash is paid on account, the entry must be made in the Day Book, as well as in the Cash Book. The following is a specimen of the debit and credit sid(!3 of Thomas "White's Cash Book. By adding the two sides, and taking the differ- ence, we shall find that the debit side exceeds the other by $26.17, which is the amount of cash on hand January 18th. Cash. Dr. Cash, Cr, 1875 Jan. 1 jahJe ; in Bills Payable we enter our Written obligations to pay money, iu ichom 2)aijahle, the amount, date, &c. By reference to the Bill Book, we can ascertain when P)ills held by Us fall due, without the trouble of examining these papers ; and Ave shall not be perplexed by unexpected demands for payment of forgot* ten obligations. 8 BOOK-KEEPINO. When a Note of Hand or other written obligation is given or taken in payment of a Day-'Book account, a record must be made also in the Day Book 5 when it is given or taken for cash, the proper entry must bf made in the Cash Book. When a Bill is paid or otherwise disposed of, the fact should be stated under the heading remarks. Below is a specimen of Thomas White's Bill Book, with such entries as are required by transactions referred to in the Day Book and Cash Book. Bills Receivable. No. Mak^r. Indorsor. Amount. Chas. Bell Jas. Crowe 150.00 45.00 Date. Jan. 14, 1875 Jan. 10, 1875 Ti. lie. 6 mo8. 3 moB. When Due. July 14, 1875 Apr. 16, 1875 Remarks. Bills Payable. No. To Whom Payable. Indorser. Amount. 1 F. Parker 50.00 Date. Jan. 19, 1875 Time. 3 mos. When Due. Apr. 19, 1875 Remarks. The Ledger brings together, under each man's name, all his ac- counts as found in the Day Book, placing debits on the left hand and credits on the right. The process of transferring accounts fiom the Day Book to the Ledger is called Posting. The accounts are posted in the order in which they occur in the Day Book. For convenience in turning up accounts in the Ledger, an alphabetical Index is formed, each man's name and page in the Ledger being entered in the Index the first time the name occurs in posting. It is not necessary to enter in the Ledger the various particulars recorded in the Day Book, but simply the total amount of the trans- action. When an account is transferred from the Day Book to the Ledger, the number of the Ledger page is placed opposite the account in the margin of the Day Book. This shows that the account has been l)osted, and also indicates its place in the Ledger. A reference mark is also made in the Ledger in connection with each entry, showing where it is found in the Day Book. This mark may be either the date of the account or the page of the Day Book, and it may be placed in a separate column for this purpose, or it may be placed above a horizontal line with the amount written beneath. The different modes of inserting reference marks in the Ledger are illustrated in the BOOK-KEEPING. 9 following examples of the debit sido of Frank Parker's account. In the first example both the page and date are given ; in the second, the date only ; and in the third, the page only. Dr. Frank Parker. Cr. 1875 k Jan. 16 To D. B. 1 5 00 " 18 2 3 00 " 19 •« 2 73 25 Dr 1 Frank Parker. Cr. 1875 Jan. 16th, To 5.00, 18th, 3.00, 19th, I 73.25, l«l 25 Dr. Frank Parker. Cr. 1875 Jan. To 5.00, 3.00, 73.25, 81 25 At certain times, usually at the end of each year, after the Day Book is all posted, the debit and credit sides of each account in the Ledger are curapared. If they are equal, the sum is placed on each side on the same line, and a double line is ruled beneath. This is called closing the account. If the two sides are unequal, they are first balanced by entering a sufficient sum for the purpose on the side of the less, and writing the words To Balance, or Bi/ Balance, according as the entry is on the debit or credit side. The account is then closed as before, and the amount added in balancing is afterwards entered below the closing line on the opposite side. Thus if the amount was added to the debit side with the words To Balance, it is brought down on the credit side after the words Bfj Balance ; if it was added to the credit side with the words Bij Balance, it is brought down on the debit side after the words To Balance. The amount of balance thus entered opens a new account. In balancing an account, the words To Balance and By Balance should be written in a different hand, or with ink of a different color from the rest. On the next page are the Index and Ledger corresponding to the portion of Thomas White's Day Book, given on the preceding pages. The accounts are balanced and closed. The Ledger is supposed to comprise three pages. 10 Index, » * f * c. Crowe, .Tjmes 2 w. Wilson, James Webstor, David 1 3 • « * p. i oor, John Parker, Frank 1 2 1 « * Joilx Poor. / I Jan. 15th, 16th, To 4.20, 1.40, 5 5 3 60 60 10 1873 Jan. 15th, By 2:56, *' Balance, 2 3 5 50 10 60 Jfthv 19 To Bain nee James WilsdK* 1875 Jan. 15th, To 8.12, 8 12 1875 Jan. 18ih, By 8.12, 8 12 J'ranK Parker* 2 1875 Jan. IGlh, 18th, 19th, To 5.00, 3.00, 73.25 81 25 1875 Jan. 16th, ISth, 19th, By 6.25, 2.25, 72.75, 81 ^3_ James CROWEi 1875 Jan. 16th, To 4.5.00, 45 00 1875 Jan. 18th, By 45.00, 45 00 BaVID Wl^GSTERi 1875 Jan. 19th, To 14.00, '* Balance, ...... 14 22 36 00 50 .^0 1875 Jah. Jan. 19 19th, By 36750, 36 3li 22 ■ * K-3Lt 50 no By Balance, ^0 IP BOOK-KEEPING. 11 The Balance Sheet, ruled like the Ledger, gives a general state- ment of one's financial condition. It presents on the debit side' all assets, including the estimated value of property htdd, the cash on hand as shown by the Cash Book, and the amounts due as shown by Bills Receivable and by the debit balances of the Ledger; and it presents on the credit side the amount of liabilities, as shown by Bills Payable and the Credit balances of the Ledger. The difference be- tween the two sides is the net capital. The difference in the net capital at two different dates shows the gain or loss. If, on the 19th of January, Thomas White's property, not including Cash, No+es of Hand, and Ledger balances, is estimated at $4000.00, his Balance Sheet will appear as below. Dr. Balance Sheet. Ca. 1875 Jan. 19 Value of Farm, Stock, Cash (C.B. C. Bell's Note, (B.K.) J.Crov >''^Note(B.R.) John PoOi 1875 4000 00 Jan. 19 26 17 150 00 1 45 00 3 10 — 4224 27 F. Parker's Note{B. P.) David Webster Balance, Net Capital, 50 22 4151 4224 00 50 77 27 MERCANTILE TERMS. !5 )0 r,o W Account Current. — A person's account copied from the Ledger, giving the items of debt and credit, and showing how he stands with the firm. Assets. — Property of all kinds, including amounts due. Bill, Bill of Parcels, or Bill op Purchase. — A written state- ment of goods bought at one time, with the items and prices. Bill of Exchange.— A written order addressed by one Bank, or Firm, to another, requesting the payment of mouey to a third peraon or his order. The person who makes or signs a Bill of Exchange is called the Maker ; the one to whom it is addressed is the Drawee, who after he agrees to pay the amount' is called the Acceptor ; and the person to whom the money is ordered to be paid is the Payee. A Bill may be drawn payable at sight, that is when presented, or a certain time a/fer sight, as sixty days. A Bill is not payable until three days, called days of grace, after it is nonunally due. A Bill of Exchange when drawn on a person in another country is called a Foreign Bill. Foreign Bills are usually drawn in sets of two or three, called first, second, and third, all exactly alike except the words ^% 12 BOOK-KEEPING. necessary to distinguish the number it holds in the set. They are thus drawn and sent by different conveyances to guard against loss. The payment of one cancels the others. Cheque. — A written order addressed to a Bank, requesting the payment of money. Commission. — Compensation to an agent for doing business. Consignment. — Goods sent to an agent for sale. Si'"h agent is called a consignee, and the person who sends the goods is a consigncn'. Draft. — An order addressed by one Bank or Mercantile House to another, requesting payment of money. A Bill of Exchangij not embracing a set. but consisting of a single order. Discount. — An amount deducted for payment ol money before it is due. In lending money, Be.nks obtain interest for a larger sum than that really lent, by deducting the interest from the amount specified in the note, and giving to the borrower the aniouiit thuei diminished. This is cal d discounting a note. Dub Bill. — A writtei;L acknowledgement of indebtedness. Insolvent. — A persou is said to be insolvent when he is unable to pay his debts, or when his liabilities are greater than his assets. Inventory. A list of the Items of one's property. Invoice. —A written st.ttement of goods bought at one time, con- taining items and prices. A Bill of Parcels. Indorser. — One who by writing his name on the back of a Xote of Hand, or other paper, becomes responsible to meet its obligations. Liabilities. — What a person owes. IfoTE OF Hand. — A written promise to pay money. When a Note of Hand is drawn, payable to a certain person named, only he or his attorney can collect it. When it is drawn payable to a certain person named or order, the person named as pay^j may indorse it, — that is, write his name on the back of it, and it can be collected by any person into whose hands it may come. Order. — A written request for payment of money, or delivery of goods to a third person. Receipt. — A written acknowledgement of payment of money or delivery of Goods. Remittance — Money sent to a person. Voucher. — A receipt, held by a person as evidence of having paid money for another. hey are 1st loss. ting the 500K-KEEPING. 13 agent is ynsignor. iouse to ngo not "before it ,rger sum amount unt thus unable to ^ts. time, con- Df ,1 iS^ote ^ligations. When a I, only he ) a certain lorse it, — illected by lelivery of money or ABBREVIATIONS. Acct. or a/c. — Account. Amt. — Amount. Apr. — April. Aug.r — August. @.— At. Bal. — Balance. B. B.— Bill Book. bbl. — Barrel. E. P.— Bills Payable. B. R. — Bills Eeceivable. Cent. — Centum, hundred. C. B.— Cash Book. Co. — Company. C. 0. D. — Cash on Delivery. Cr. — Creditor. Cwt. — Hundred weight. D. B.— Day Book. Dec. — December Do. — Ditto, the same. Doz. — Dozen. Dr. — Debtor. E. R — Errors Excepted. E. & 0. E. — Errors and Omis- sions excepted. Feb. — February. Ft.— Foot. Gal. — Gallon. Hdkf.— Handkerchief. Inst. — Instant, the present month. Jan. — January. lbs. — Pounds weight. L. S. D. — Pounds, shillings, and pence. Mdse. — Merchandise. Mo. — Month. N. B.— Take Notice. No. — Number. Nov. — November. Oct. — October, oz. — Ounce, p. — Page. Pay t. — Payment. Pd.— Paid. Per An. — By the year. Pr.— Pair. Pes. — Pieces. Prox. — Proximo, next month. Qrs. — Quarters. Reed. — Received. Sept. — September, ult. — Ultimo, last month, yds. — yards. &.— and. &c. — and so forth. $.— Dollars, c. — cents. %. — per cent. iving paid Li 1^ BOOK-KEEPING. PA.RT II. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES. MEMORANDA OF BUSINESS, WITH r//f TRANSACTIONS ENTERED IN THE VARIOUS BOOKS. MEMORANDA. Truro, Jan. 1st, 1875. The following is the state of my business this day : — I own a shop worth 1800.00 ; I have merchandise worth .$1235.00; 1 have in cash $468.28 ; I hold John Taylor's note for $78.00, drawn July 5th, 1874, for 6 months, at 7 per cent. ', John Brown owes me on account $58.30. ll§|we Fred Jones on Note of Hand $45.00, drc^n Nov. 9th, for 2 months, at 6 per cent, interest ; and I owe DufFus & Co., on account $65.50. Jan. 4th. Wm. Smith has bought of me 2 yds. brood cloth, at $4.25, per yd. ; trimmijigs for coat, $2.25 ; one ovei'-coat, $16.50. Frank Stephens has bought 2 gals. Kerosene Oil at 48 c. ; and 4 lbs. of tea at 45 c. I have received from Poor & Co., Boston, 5 casks of Kerosene Oil — 225 gals, at 22 c. American currency. I have sent in payment a gold Draft, purchased at the Merchant's Bank, gold 112| — paid \ per cent, premium. I have paid duty on the above 15 c.'per gal. ; freight and truckage, $3.75. Cash Sales this day, $28.30, B 16 BOOK-KEEPING. Jan. 5th. John Brown sent John Gray with an order, requesting me to give Gray Merchandise to the value of $4.50, on Brown's account. I have delivered the goods. John Taylor paid his note with interest. Frank Stephens has bought 17 yds. Black Lustre at 68 c. ; one pair of blankets, $4,50; one Buffalo Eobe, $17.50. — He has paid cash 10.00. Cash SALEa This day, $32.19. Jan. 0th. Fitch & Co., of St. John, have forwarded goods as per Invoice, amounting to $94.12. I have remitted the money and paid expenses, $4.20. * . • . Frank Stephens has bought a bbl. of flour, $7.50 ; 28 lbs. of butter at 27 c. ; a tub 25 c. I have paid Duffus Sc Co. $65.50, on account. David Craig has bought 3 gals. Kerosene Oil at 48 c. j one broom, 35 c. ; 15 lbs. sugar at 9 c. John Brown has paid $50.00, on account. Cash Sales this day, $29.16. Jan. 7th. Wm. Smith has bought per daughter Jane, a Ladies' Sacque, $8.50 ; a pair of kid gloves, $1.10 ; a pair of boots, $2.25. John Brown has bought a pair of skates, $3.50; a bbl. of flour, $7.50 ; and 2 gals, molasses at 42 c. I have bought, for cash, 50 yds. homespun at 55 c. ; 10 bbM||er- ring at $4.50 ; and a suit of clothes, $30.00. ^^ Cash Sales this day, $32,12. Jan. 8th. David Craig has bought a fur cap, $3.50 ; a pair of gloves, $2.25 ; and a whip, 75 c, — He has brought me 1 bushels of oats at 58 c. and has paid cash, $3,84. (Entered in C. B. at the time.) Frank Stephens has bought 18 rolls of room paper at 45 c. ; 25 yds. carpeting at $1,05; 20 yds. binding at 6 c. ; and tacks, 12 c Cash Sales this day, $34.62. Frank Stephens gave me his Note of Hand for $77.30, 3 months without interest. w BOOK-KBEPINO. 17 Jan. 9th. 1 had F. Stephens I^ote discounted at the Merchant's Bank, at 7 per cent. I have bought for cash 50 hbls. of Flour at $5.90 ; paid freight and truckage 75 c. per bbl. — I have bought of Black Brothers goods, as per Invoice, for $160.00, for which I have given my Note of Hand, payable in 6 months, at 6 per cent. John Brown has bought 18 yds. blk. silk at $2.30 ; 3 yds. Canada Tweed at $1.60; a bbl. of flour, $7.25; and a gal. of IC. oil, 48 c. William Smith has bought 24 yds. white cotton, at 13 c. I have bought of Duffus & Co., Mdse. as per Invoice, $75.00. 1 have paid Jones' Note with interest for 2 months. I have paid my clerk, John Hall, $10.00, salary for one week. I have paid for my Board one week, $4.00. Case Sal. 8 this week, $38.41. As I have determined to make a change in my business, I have taken ah Inventory of my Property, estimating the value of my ahop at $800.00, and of my goods at $1725,00. I have requested my clerk to balance the accounts, make a Balance sheet, and find my standing at this date as compared with Jan. Ist DAY BOOK. as Truro, Jan. 1st, 1875. The following is the state of my business at this date:— AssEts,— Value of Shop $800 00 " Mdse 1235 00 Cash, fC.B.) 468 28 TayWs Note: (B. B.) 78 00 John Brown, (on acct.) 58 30 2639 58 Liabilities,— Jones* Note, (B. B.) $45 00 Duflfhs&Co., (onacct.) 65 50 Balance, Net Capita] no 50 2629 08 John Bhown. Da. I To Balatice due on old accc int 58 30 18 SOOK-KEEFINd. Truro, Jan. 4th, 1875. 1 DVFFUS & Co. Cr. 1 By Balance due on old accotfnt, .... WlLUAll Shith. m w * t Dr. 65 50 1 To 2 yds Broad Cloth @ 94.25 . . . r " Trimmings for Coat ^.. vf Tcrcoat .... .... .... ...r Frank Stefhbks. 9 8 50 ... 2 25 16 50 Dr. 27 25 2 To 2 eals. Kerosene Oil @ 48c. ...-. " 4 lbs. Tea @ 45c Jan. 5th. John Brown. ... 90 96 1 80 Dr. 2 76 1 To Mdse. delivered John Gray, per order, Frank Strphens. # • • • D-R. 4 50 2 2 To 17 yds. Blk. Lustre @ 68c , . " 1 pr. Blankets " 1 Buffalo Kobe Cr. o^ V/ft8u •••• •••• •••• •#•'• • Jan. 6th. Frank Stephens. 911 56 ... 4 60 17 50 »■ •' • Dr. 33 10 56 OO 1 To 1 bbl. Flour ..., .... .r.. " 28 lbs. Butter @ 27c 1 X UD fl«*a •••• •••• »••• DOFCU* & Co. 97 50 ... 7 56 25 Dr. IS 31 1 X v/mSQ •••• «••• «••• «••• • David Craig. • « • 65 50 2 bTo 3 Gals. Kerosene Oil @ 48c " 1 Broom . . . , " 15 lbs. Sugar® 9c JofHN BRowy. 91 44 ... 35 1 35 Cr. 3 14 1 By Cash on acct , Jan. 7th. William Smith, • • • 50 OO 1 To 1 Ladies' Saeqne " 1 pr. Kid Gloves " 1 pr Boots .... 98 50 ... 1 10 2 25 11 85 Per Daughter Jane. BOOK-SEEPING. Truro, Jan. 7th, 1875.1 19 John Browx. Dr. 1 To 1 pr. Skates " 1 bbl. Flour " 2 gals. Molasses @ 42c ..,. $3 50 7 50 • • • • %} 04 11 84 Personal Expenses. Dr. 30 00 2 To Cash paid for Suit Jan. 8th. David '^raio. Db. 2 To I Fur Cap " 1 pr. Gloves 1 W Dip •*•• •••• •••• David Craio. .... $3 .50 2 25 .... 75 Cr. 6 50 2 Bv 10 uushels Oats @ 58c Frank Stephens. «5 80 .... 3 84 Dr. 9 64 2 S To 18 Rolls Boom Paper @ 45c. " 25 yds. Carpeting @ 1 .05 .... " 20 yds. Binding @ 6c X&ClLSy •«•• •••• •••• Cr. By Note of Hand, CB- B.) Jan. 9th. John Brown. $8 10 .... 26 25 1 20 .... 12 • • Dr. 35 77 67 30 I To 18 yds. Blk. Silk @ 2.30 " 2 yds. Canada Tw«ed @ 1.60 " 1 bbl. Floor " 1 gaL Kerosene Oil William Smith. .... $41 40 4 80 .... 7 25 48 Dr. 53 93 1 1 To 24 yds. White Cotton @ 13c James Hill. • • • • Cr. 3 12 2 2 By one Week's Service in Shop Dr. J. CfftSu •«« •••• •••« •«•• DUFFUS & Co. • • • • • • • • • • Cr. 10 10 00 CO 1 By Mdse., as per Invoice .... .... Personal Expenses. • • • • Dr. 75 00 2 To Cash paid for Board Memoranda. Value of Shop " Mdse. on Hand • • • $ 800 00 ... 1725 00 4 00 20 B00K-KE8PIWO. CASH BOOK. CASH. Dr. 1875 Jan. Ist. To Cash on hand 468 28 " 4 » Cash Sales 28 30 " 5 "• Taylor's Note, «78. 00— Interest, 2.73 80 73. n » " Cash Sales 32 19 " 6 " John Brown, $50.00— Cash Sales $29. 16 79 16 " 7 " Cash Sales 32 12 " 8 " David Craig, $3. 86-Ca8h Sales $34. 62 38 46 " 9 " F. Stephens' Note, $75. &4-Ca3h Sales $33.41 114 35 873 59 Jan. 9th To Cash on Hand, Balance 133 57 BILL BOOK. BILLS No. Maker.- Indorser. Amount. Date. Time. 1 2 John Taylor. Frank Stephens. $78 00 77 30 July 15th, 1874. Jan. 8th, 1875. 6 mos. 3 mos. BILLS No. Payee. Amount. Date. Time. 1 2 Fred Jones. Black Brothers. $ 45 00 160 00 Nov. 9th, 1874. Jan. 9th, 1875. 2 mos. 6 mos. BOOK-KBWINO. 21 CASH BOOK. CASH Cr. 1876 Jan. 4. By Caah for Gold Draft, $44. 00— Premium 25c 44 25 )) i> " " Duty on Oil, «33. 75— Freight, &c., a75 37 50 " 6 " " to Fitch & Co. , $94. 12- Freight, &c. , $4, 20 98 32 H l» " toDuffu8&Co.,$65,50 65 50 " 7 " " for Homespun, $27.50— Herring, $45.00 72 50 )» >» " " for Suit of Cloth«8 30 00 " 9 " " for Flour, $295. OO-Freight, $37.50, 332 50 >» »» " " Jones' Note, $45.00 ; Interest, 45c. 45 4'. » i> " " J. Hall's Salary, $10.00-Board $4.00, 14 i)\) »» »i By Balance, Cash on hand, 133 873 57 69 BILL BOOK. RECEIVABLE. When Due. Rate of Interest. Remarks. Jan. 5th, 1875. April 8th, 1875. 7% Paid with interest, Jan. 5th, 1875. Discounted at "Merchants' Bank," @ 7% Jan. 9th, 1875. PAYABLE. "WTien Due. Bate of Interest. [Remarks. Jan. 9th, 1875. July 9th, 1875. 6% 6% Paic" with interest, Jan. 9th, 1875. m 22 BOOK-KEEPING. B INDEX TO THE LEDGER. Brown, Joha Craig, David Duffus k Co. Hill, John Personal Expensea, Smith, \Vm. Stephens, Frank 1 2 •»W«1-Fpf. BOOK-KBEPINO. 33 Dr. John Brown. Cr. 1876 Jan. 1. Jan. 9. To Balance, old a/o.. 5 7 9 " 4.50, 11.84, 53.93, To Balance 58 70 128 78 57 1875 Jan. 6 By 50.00,.... " Balance,. 60 78 00 57 128 '57 Dr. DUFFUS & Co. Cr. 1875 Jan. 6. Jan. 9. To Cash To Balance. 65 50 75 00 1875 Jan.l. Jan. 9. By Balance, old a/c. 9 By 75.00 By Balance , 65 75 75 50 00 00 Dr. William Smith. Cr. 1875 Jan. Jan. 9. 4 7 9 To 27.2.5,11.85, 3.12. To Balance. 42 22 42 22 1875 Jan. 9. By Balance. 42 22 rp 24 BOOK-KEEPING. J': Br. Frank Stephexs. 1S75 Jan. To 2.76, 33.n(i i).31, 8 " 35.67 Cr. 6 5.31,.... 51 35 87 63 67 30 1875 Jan. 5 8 By 10.00, 77.30 87 87 30 30 I Dr. 1875 Jan. 8 To 3.14, 6.50, David Craig. 64 1875 Jan. 8_ By d.Ci. Ch. 64 Dr. 1875 Jan. 9 To 30.00, 4.00 Personal Expenses. 34 00 1875 Cr. Dr. 1875 Jan. 9 To 10.00 JoiiM Hill. 10 OD 1875 Jan. J) By 10.00 Cr. 10 00 Dr. BOLit-KEEPIKO. BALAN€E SHEET. 25 Cr. 1875 Jan. 9 Value of Shop " Mdse Cash, (C. B.) John Brown, (Led. p. 1 ) Wm. Smith, (Led. p. 1) 1875 800 00 Jan. 9 1725 00 13.3 57 78 57 42 23 2779 36 ! ) Black Brothers' Note, (B.B.) DuflFus&Co. (Led. p.l. Balance, Net Capital . . 160 75 2544 2779 00 00 36 36 Net Capital, Jan. 9th 1875 $2544 36 " 1st, " 2529 08 Net Gain $ 15.28 To the above must be added, as part of the proceeds of the business — Personal Expenses $34 00 Total Gain $49 28 MERCANTILE FORMS. A BILL OF PUECHASE. Cfliarged in acct. See D. B. Jan. 8th, p. 18. Truro, Jan. 8th, 1875. Fkaxk Stephems, Esq. Bought op Samuel Doe. 1 8 Rolls Room Paper @ 45c $8.10 25 yd J. Carpeting® $1.05 26.25 20 yds. Binding @ 6c 1 .20 A. tiLAS ••• •••• •••• •••• » • m i V) t i m A BILL OF rUECHASE. A Cash Sale. — Receipted by Clerk, John Hill. Truro, Jan. 7th, 1875. William Johnson, Esq. Bought of Samuel Doe. 15 yds. Blk. Lustre, @. 52c $7.80 4 yds. Lining Cotton @ 13c. 0.52 1 Silk Hat .... 4.50 Rec'd Payment, Samuel Doe, Per J. H. 35 12 67 83 26 BOOE-KBBPINO. John Beown, Esq, AX ACCOUNT CURRENT. See Ledger p. 1. Truro, In Account with SAMUEL DOE, Dr. 1875 Jan. Ist " 5th " 7th 9th Jan. 6 To Balance old acct ^8.30 " Mdse. delivered John Gray, per order 4.5U " Ipr. Skates, $3.50, 1 bbl. Flour, $7.50, 2 gala. Mo- lasses, @42c., (84".) ■■•••• 11.84 " 18 vda. Blk. Silk, @ 2.30, {J$41.40,) ?> yds. C. Tweed, @ * 1.60, ($4.80) 46.20 " 1 bbl. Flour, $7.25, 1 gal. K. Oil 48c 7.73 Cr By Cash '■ ^^-f. •' Balance '° ^' To Balance due S. D 128 128 .^7 78;.57 $50.00 RECEIPT. See Day Book, Jan. 6th. Truro, Jan. 6th, 1875. Received of John Brown, Fifty Dollar.s on account. SAMUEL DOE. RECEIPT IN FULL. See D, B. Jan. 8th. Truro, Jan, 8th, 1875. $9.64 Received ol David Craig, in Oats and Cash, Nine ^^ Dollars in full of all demands to date. o4>rTTT^T -nni? SAMUEL DOE, Per J. H. AN ORDER See D. B. Jan. 5th. Onslow, Jan. 8th, 1875. Samuel Doe, Esq. ^ , « r^ , ^r \ r.^ Please give John Gray, or Order, Merchandise to the value of Four -^^ Dollars on my account. ^^^^ brq^N 8160.00 S00S-EEEPIN6. A NOTE OF HAND. See B. P. No. 2. Truro, Jan. 9th, 1875. 27 Six months after date, value received, I promise %o pay Black Brothers, One Hundred and Sixty Dollars, with interest at six per cent. SAMUEL DOE. $42.22 A DUE BILL. See Ledger, i^. I. Truro, Jan. 9th, 1875. Due Samuel Doe, or Order, Forty-two ^ Dollars, value received! WILLIAM SMITH, A DRAi'T. See Memoranda, Jan, 4^h, Oil acct. p. u. merchant's bank. $44.^00^ Gold. Truro, Jan. 4th, 1875. At Sight, Pay to the order of Messrs Z. Poor & Co.--^ Forty four ^^^ Dollars in gold, value received, and charge to account of this Bank. To Boston Bank, State Sfr No. 103 Bo S'K, I ^'eet, > ston, ) John Jackson, Cashw', 28 BOOK-KEEPlM. BILL OF EXCHANGE. &e Part III. Memoranda^ Jan. SGtk merchant's bank* Ko. 1, Truro, Jan. 26th, 1875. Exchange for .eSl 123. Sixty (lays after sight of this l^itst of Exchange, (aecoiid and Thir